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RM2AWPCGA–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . FuII Housing Niagara ConoidallFan, Left-Hand Top Horizontal Discharge when Suspended from Ceiling.
RM2AN2P1D–A manual of heating and ventilation, in their practical application, for the use of engineers and architectsEmbracing a series of tables and formulas for dimensions of heating flow and return pipes, for steam and hot water boilers, flues, etc., etc . V = 36ooAv: A= , 3600V u, generally for coal = 6000. % = 0.90. -(t.->t); d = ^,V VENTILATION. 23. For Figs. 9a to gd: Jfig- So Fig>9d. /(t, -t)h,+ (t,- t)h. I +et,
RM2AMXWR1–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . 0.0600.107 Diagrams for Pipe Sizes and Friction Heads. To illustrate the use of the two following diagrams, ap-ply to the pipe line, B, C, Art. 147. First, let I = 1500 feet,d = 8 inches and v = 5 feet per second. Trace along thevelocity line until it intersects the diameter line, then fol-low the ordinate to the top of the page and find the frictionhead, 13 feet for 1000 foot run or 19.5 feet for the 1500 footrun. Second, let Q = 1.75 cubic feet per second and d = Sinches. Trace to the left along the horizontal line represent-ing the volume of
RM2AN2T61–A manual of heating and ventilation, in their practical application, for the use of engineers and architectsEmbracing a series of tables and formulas for dimensions of heating flow and return pipes, for steam and hot water boilers, flues, etc., etc . surrounding walls and solid objects absorbing a certain amcjuntof radiant heat and again heating the air by contact. Radiant heat does not heat the air through which it passes,to any appreciable extent. The intensity of heat emitted by a plane surface, decreaseswith the sine of the angle formed between the direction of therays, and the surface at
RM2AN2R5P–A manual of heating and ventilation, in their practical application, for the use of engineers and architectsEmbracing a series of tables and formulas for dimensions of heating flow and return pipes, for steam and hot water boilers, flues, etc., etc . Fig.6A section through a building. Airows show direction of currents, {Direct radiation, Currents ( Indirect radiation, Jcurrents downward. ) upward. ( currents downward. ) Reference:— A, fresh air duct. B, direct radiators. C, indirect D, coils in ridge for assisting ventilation by rarefying the ail at the outlet of ventilating flues. 14 HEATIN
RM2AMY7W0–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . COOLING WATER UOUIO AHnONIA [xFANSION VftLVE LIQUID AnnONlA Fig. 131. WAPn BRINE equivalent to the heat of vaporization of the ammonia.Upon leaving the evaporator the refrigerant is again readyfor the cylinder of the compressor, thus completing thecycle. If the refrigerant is ammonia, the compressor is com-monly of the vertical type, direct connected to a horizontalCorliss engine as shown in Fig. 132. This type of com-. TEN TON AMMONIA COMPRESSOR Fig. 132. UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA pressor combines the high efficiency of the Corliss enginewith the
RM2AMY4XN–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . of ammonia gas from one place or condition to an-other, &ay from a condition of low temperature and pres-sure where the absorbing stream of water would be cool, tv REFRIGERATION 295 a condition of high temperature and pressure, where theg-as would be liberated by simply heating the water. It willbe noticed that the gas has been transferred as a liquidwithout a compressor or any compressive action, by pump-ing a stream of water of approximately one-four hundredand fiftieth of the volume of the gas transferred. This, inthe abstract, is the method
![Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . e return linenext the pump. This fitting usually has a cold water con-nection to be used at times to assist in producing a moreperfect vacuum. The piping system for the automatic con-trol of the vacuum] pump is shown in Fig. 78. It will be seen that the vacuum in the re-turn operates through the gover-nor to regulate the steam supplyto the pump cylinder, thus con-trolling the speed of the pump.Occasionally it is desirable tohave certain parts of the heatingsystem under a different vacuum.An Illustration of this would bewhere the radiators within Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AN163A/handbook-for-heating-and-ventilating-engineers-e-return-linenext-the-pump-this-fitting-usually-has-a-cold-water-con-nection-to-be-used-at-times-to-assist-in-producing-a-moreperfect-vacuum-the-piping-system-for-the-automatic-con-trol-of-the-vacuum-pump-is-shown-in-fig-78-it-will-be-seen-that-the-vacuum-in-the-re-turn-operates-through-the-gover-nor-to-regulate-the-steam-supplyto-the-pump-cylinder-thus-con-trolling-the-speed-of-the-pumpoccasionally-it-is-desirable-tohave-certain-parts-of-the-heatingsystem-under-a-different-vacuuman-illustration-of-this-would-bewhere-the-radiators-within-2AN163A.jpg "Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . e return linenext the pump. This fitting usually has a cold water con-nection to be used at times to assist in producing a moreperfect vacuum. The piping system for the automatic con-trol of the vacuum] pump is shown in Fig. 78. It will be seen that the vacuum in the re-turn operates through the gover-nor to regulate the steam supplyto the pump cylinder, thus con-trolling the speed of the pump.Occasionally it is desirable tohave certain parts of the heatingsystem under a different vacuum.An Illustration of this would bewhere the radiators within Stock Photo")
RM2AN163A–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . e return linenext the pump. This fitting usually has a cold water con-nection to be used at times to assist in producing a moreperfect vacuum. The piping system for the automatic con-trol of the vacuum] pump is shown in Fig. 78. It will be seen that the vacuum in the re-turn operates through the gover-nor to regulate the steam supplyto the pump cylinder, thus con-trolling the speed of the pump.Occasionally it is desirable tohave certain parts of the heatingsystem under a different vacuum.An Illustration of this would bewhere the radiators within
RM2AN12EB–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . con-nections as found in a typical plant of this system. Manyattachments and improved mechanisms may be had to-dayin connection with this system, such as air washers andhumidifiers, automatic damper control systems, and brinecooling systems whereby the heating coils may be usedas cooling coils, and, during hot weather, be made tomaintain the temperature within the building from 10 de-grees to 15 degrees lower than the atmosphere. None ofthese auxiliaries, however, change in any way the necessity 154 HEATING AND VENTILATION for the three fundamen
RM2AN2KND–A manual of heating and ventilation, in their practical application, for the use of engineers and architectsEmbracing a series of tables and formulas for dimensions of heating flow and return pipes, for steam and hot water boilers, flues, etc., etc . he temperature of i lb. of water i° Fahrenheit.Thus, to heat 50 lbs. of water 1° would require =50 x i= 50 units, or if it were required to heat 50 lbs. 20° it would be50X 20X I = 1,000 units. Specific heat:âIs the capacity of a body for heat; it is thenumber of units of heat necessary to raise the temperature ofthe body, 1° Fahrenheit. See ta
RM2AN1BB7–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . SECOND FLOOR PLAN.Ceiling 9. Fig. 67. HOT WATER AND STEAM HEATING 131 1226^ 7-26-3 ExpTonK.. I6-26-3 l4-^A-3 16-26-3MAIN AND RISER LAYOUT. Fig. 67a. 88. Insulatlns Steam Pipes:—In all heating systems,pipes carrying steam or water should be insulated to protectfrom heat losses, unless these pipes are to serve as radiatingsurfaces. In a large number of plants the heat lost throughthese unprotected surfaces, if saved, would soon pay for firstclass insulation. The heat transmitted to still air through 132 HEATING AND VENTILATION one square foot of t
RM2AN2DFE–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . is drawn through the system until assuranceis had that each bottle contains a fair sample. Each bottle isthen thoroughly shaken, so that the liquid may be broughtinto good contact with the air sample. If the least turbidityor cloudiness appears in the First or largest bottle indicates 0.04 per cent. CO2 iSecond bottle indicates Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.20 • 0.30 0.40 0.60 0.90 Care must be taken to have a fair sajnple of the air ineach bottle. The glass tubes through the rubber stopp
RM2AN2BBW–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . V 2 X 32.16 X 816.4 X 12 or r = 66.2 V /iio (8) where hu> = the difference in height in inches of the columnsof a water manometer, with both legs connected as described,and a temperature of 60 degrees. By a similar method theformula may be reduced for a mercury or other manometer,or for other temperatures than 60 degrees. (See Art. 1021,Trans. A. S. M. E. Vol. XXV.) In using the Pitot tube or the anemometer, the factshould not be lost sight of that the velocity varies froma minimum at the inner walls of the tube to the maximumat the center of
RM2AWPW7C–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . Three*Quarter Housing Niagara Conoidal Fan, LeAHand Top Horizontal Disebarge, for Overhung PuUey or Direct Connection 11 BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. Niagara Conoidal Wheel, Inlet Side SHAFT Shaft is of open hearth steel, extra hcavy, with a large factor of safetyand accurately ground to size. BALANCE AU fan wheels are given a standing balance by a special device whichinsures as accurate a degree of balance as m possible with any method ofrotating balance. Wheel and shaft are assembled and mounted on a per- fectly smooth surface, which is leveled on kni
RM2AMYD3B–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . ws Heating Co., Min-neapolis. The complete regulator has in addi-tion to this, two cells of open circuit baitteryand a motor box, all of which illustrate verywell the thermostatic damper control. The thermostat operates by a differentialexpansion of the Iwo different metals com-posing the spring at the top. Any change Intemperature causes one of the metals to ex-pand or contract more rapidly than the otherand gives a vibrating movement to the project-ing arm. This is connected with the batteriesand with the motor in such a way that whenthe point
RM2AWPFN5–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . Ph 1 T3 O) C Si s < GO o o C0 O o o es © 20 N I AGAR A CO^jOlJlA^k^^^-^^^^^-^^^^^^ STANDARD ARRANGEMENTS In ordering fans, specify hand,discharge, type of drive, whether over-hung pulley or overhung wheel iswanted, full or three-quartcr housing,etc. See page 48. The hand of a fan is determincdby the location of the drive side whcnone staiids facing the outlct end of thefan. If the pulley, motor or engiiie is011 the left, it is called left hand; ifon the right, right hand.. Full Housing Niagara Conoidal Fan, Lcft-Haftd Top Horizontal Discharge a
RM2AWP7HP–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . f1423^ 122^ 128 130 616363 J^ 464850 52 NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) F A N J^ NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS. OVERHUNG PULLEYTHREE-QUARTER HOUSING—TOP HORIZONTAL DISCHARGE Dimensions in Inches Size A B C D E 1 G H I J K L M X Y 6 78 24 2832 31H36M42 34M39M 453^ 22A26 29M 31« 371^42^, 41M48 A55H 21 23% 27 28%32%36% 23 26^ 28% 24 M 28%32% 41% 50 56 22 25% 29 4%5%6% 16 1820 9 36 47^ 5114 33 ^ .illL 62 A 30 , 401^ 31% 36« 63H 32 8% 24 1011 4044 52^57?^ 563^62H 37^ 4.04^ 53 69 H58,% 76 r^ 32M! 44Ji36 49M 38^ 40%45 Ji 67^275^ 34 38 8%8% 26 28 121314 485256
RM2AWPEA4–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . Full Housing Niagara Conoidal Fan, Lcft-Haftd Top Horizontal Discharge and Oass O Engine. Dimension tables on pages 49to 63 show Standard positions ofdischarge openings but special posi-tion of openings can be furnishedif desired and housing can be con-structed with two outlets to dis-charge air in different directions. Full Housing Niagara Conoidal Fan, Left-HandUp Discharge and CIass 1 Engine 21 BUFFALO FORGE C O M P A N Y
RM2AWPX7A–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . lto deflect the entering air to the bladeswith the least resistance and loss in power.It is attached to the shaft by key and setscrews and at the back widens out into adisk which is hot-riveted to the back plate. Four forged tie rods are screwed intothe hub and are attached to the conicalflange at the inlet edgeof the wheel. Theserods are placed at an angle to the inletwhich offers the least resistance to theentering air. Nia^ara Conoidal Wheel HOUSING The housing is of modified shapeas previously described, constructed ofheavy steel plate with ri
RM2AN28BT–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . velocities, it may be said that on accountof the low rate of transmission of heat to or from thegases, long flue passages are necessary, so that gases mov-ing at a normal rate will have time to give off or to takeup a maximum amount of heat before leaving the furnace. Air is heated chiefly by actual contact with heated sur-faces and not much by radiation. Consequently, the ef-ficiency of a furnace is increased when it is designed sothat the gases and air in their movement impinge perpen- 68 HEATING AND VENTILATION dlcularly upon the heated surfa
RM2AWR2JW–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . No. 19 Niagara Conoidal Fan and 18 x 12 Low Pressure Buffalo Engine NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS The strongest and most efficient commercial fan on the market todayfor heating, ventilating, dryiiig and mechanieal draft work is unquestionablythe Niagara Conoidal Type N niultiblade fan. The proof of this state-ment has been afforded repeatedly by guarantees inade and tests performedon actual installations where Niagara Conoidal fans were able to do the samework with less power and with less noise than other makes. The best proofof superior strengt
![Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . 15 9i Ljii L 9 9^-. —- 3 2- g- 4 6 • FOUNDATION PLAN.Ceiling 6. Fig. 14. FURNACL] HEATING 65. W*a- FIRST FLOOR PLAN.Ceiling 10. Fig. 15 56 HEATING AND VENTILATION Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AN29K7/handbook-for-heating-and-ventilating-engineers-15-9i-ljii-l-9-9-3-2-g-4-6-foundation-planceiling-6-fig-14-furnacl-heating-65-wa-first-floor-planceiling-10-fig-15-56-heating-and-ventilation-2AN29K7.jpg "Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . 15 9i Ljii L 9 9^-. —- 3 2- g- 4 6 • FOUNDATION PLAN.Ceiling 6. Fig. 14. FURNACL] HEATING 65. W*a- FIRST FLOOR PLAN.Ceiling 10. Fig. 15 56 HEATING AND VENTILATION Stock Photo")
RM2AN29K7–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . 15 9i Ljii L 9 9^-. —- 3 2- g- 4 6 • FOUNDATION PLAN.Ceiling 6. Fig. 14. FURNACL] HEATING 65. W*a- FIRST FLOOR PLAN.Ceiling 10. Fig. 15 56 HEATING AND VENTILATION
RM2AMYE8N–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . he line and a corre- DISTRICT HEATING 265 spending reduction in pipe sizes. Yacuum returns may be ap-plied to central station work the same as to isolated plants. The principles involved in the power plant end of asteam heating system may be represented by Fig. 119. Itwill be seen that the exhaust steam from the engines or tur-bines has four possible outlets. Pasising through the oilseparator, which removes a large part of the entrained oil,part of the exhaust steam is turned into the heater for use inheating the boiler feed water. The rest of t
RM2AN1NA9–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . Two-ColumnType Three-ColumnType Four-ColumnType PRESSED RADIATORS
RM2AN0PJ4–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . By the aid of mechanical apparatus, air may be movedpositively in either of two ways, by the exhaust method orby the plenum method, each having fans developed best suitedto its needs. In the exhaust method the fan is commonlyof the disk av propeller blade type, shown in Figs. 86 and 156 HEATING AND VENTILATION S7, ana moves the air by suction. It is usually Installed Inthe attic or near the top of the building, although with asystem of return ducts it may be installed in the basement.The plenum system uses a fan of the paddle wheel or mul-tiple
![Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . i 61^643^67^ 9499104 195202213 96 100 J^104H 464850 5S NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS. DOUBLE WIDTHFULL HOUSING—DOWN DISCHARGE Dimensions in Inches Size A B C E F G H I J K L M X Y 34 242832 15M21 17M 20 22M 15^21A 13M15A 17^ 20 M24 J427^ 121416 28H32^36 Ji 3111 373^423^ 26^30 J^35 ft 41^48 ft55]^ 23^ 27 32 52H 23 26^28M 43^50 A573^ 903/2 3440 453^ 6}^8^10 161820 91011 72 80 88 47^52M57M 51^ mu 623^ 47 ti5358 tk 39M 443^48 J^ 62 A698/^76 A 34M38 K242 93^4 38^ 64 A 715^7814 102111125 515562 111316 242628 121314 961041 Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AWP5HH/catalog-no201-buffalo-niagara-conoidal-fans-i-6164367-9499104-195202213-96-100-j104h-464850-5s-niagara-conoidal-type-n-fans-niagara-conoidal-type-n-fans-double-widthfull-housingdown-discharge-dimensions-in-inches-size-a-b-c-e-f-g-h-i-j-k-l-m-x-y-34-242832-15m21-17m-20-22m-1521a-13m15a-17-20-m24-j427-121416-28h3236-ji-3111-373423-2630-j35-ft-4148-ft55-23-27-32-52h-23-2628m-4350-a573-9032-3440-453-6810-161820-91011-72-80-88-4752m57m-51-mu-623-47-ti5358-tk-39m-44348-j-62-a69876-a-34m38-k242-934-38-64-a-7157814-102111125-515562-111316-242628-121314-961041-2AWP5HH.jpg "Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . i 61^643^67^ 9499104 195202213 96 100 J^104H 464850 5S NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS. DOUBLE WIDTHFULL HOUSING—DOWN DISCHARGE Dimensions in Inches Size A B C E F G H I J K L M X Y 34 242832 15M21 17M 20 22M 15^21A 13M15A 17^ 20 M24 J427^ 121416 28H32^36 Ji 3111 373^423^ 26^30 J^35 ft 41^48 ft55]^ 23^ 27 32 52H 23 26^28M 43^50 A573^ 903/2 3440 453^ 6}^8^10 161820 91011 72 80 88 47^52M57M 51^ mu 623^ 47 ti5358 tk 39M 443^48 J^ 62 A698/^76 A 34M38 K242 93^4 38^ 64 A 715^7814 102111125 515562 111316 242628 121314 961041 Stock Photo")
RM2AWP5HH–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . i 61^643^67^ 9499104 195202213 96 100 J^104H 464850 5S NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS. DOUBLE WIDTHFULL HOUSING—DOWN DISCHARGE Dimensions in Inches Size A B C E F G H I J K L M X Y 34 242832 15M21 17M 20 22M 15^21A 13M15A 17^ 20 M24 J427^ 121416 28H32^36 Ji 3111 373^423^ 26^30 J^35 ft 41^48 ft55]^ 23^ 27 32 52H 23 26^28M 43^50 A573^ 903/2 3440 453^ 6}^8^10 161820 91011 72 80 88 47^52M57M 51^ mu 623^ 47 ti5358 tk 39M 443^48 J^ 62 A698/^76 A 34M38 K242 93^4 38^ 64 A 715^7814 102111125 515562 111316 242628 121314 961041
RM2AMYTND–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . 8 102.a38 101010 421,272 17x1818x 817x1813x 817x1813x1317x1818x 817x1813x13 Vent registers taken same size as heat registers. For sizes ofengine, fan, heater colls, etc., see applications under these heads PLENUM WARM AIR HEATING 203 «A O en Q. 204 HEATING AND VENTILATION
RM2AN2H87–A manual of heating and ventilation, in their practical application, for the use of engineers and architectsEmbracing a series of tables and formulas for dimensions of heating flow and return pipes, for steam and hot water boilers, flues, etc., etc . is in-tended to be warmed, the diameter should not be less than 2j^inches; when the coil is a direct radiator, not in contact withcold air, die diameter should not be less than 11^ inch. FLOW OF HOT WATER IN PIPES. The circulation of water in pipes of a hot water apparatus iscaused by the difference in weight of two columns of water,connected at t
RM2AN2J21–A manual of heating and ventilation, in their practical application, for the use of engineers and architectsEmbracing a series of tables and formulas for dimensions of heating flow and return pipes, for steam and hot water boilers, flues, etc., etc . The higher the ascending and descending pipes, or thegreater the difference between their temperature, the more rapidwill be the circulation. To increase the difference of temperature between the as-cending and descending pipes, either increase the quantity ofpipe, so that the water will flow a greater distance, or decreasethe diameter, so that th
RM2AWPXWP–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . Sharper curve atfroDt. Unnecessarypower atidpressure lossby shock due tohigh velocityof blade atthis poin t. Inrushing airabruptly turnedwith consider-able power Soas, Diagram Showing Advantages of Niagara Conoidal over other MultibladeFans i n Handling Air The theoretical efficiency of multiblade fans is often materially reducedby deflection of the narrow blades when operated at a moderately high speed.This defect which is very commoii is entirely overcome by the peculiar shapeof the Niagara Conoidal blade, which is strong and rigid without the u
RM2AN15HP–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . VACUUM PUMP Fig. 78.. HIGH ACUUMLt=3 > Fig. 79. pressure from that in the suction line. A modulation valve, foY graduating the steam supply to theradiator, has been designed by this Company and maybe applied to any Weibster Heating System to assist in its 148 HEATING AND VENTILATION regulation. This modulation valve serves to graduate thesteam supply to the radiators so that the pressure may bemaintained at any point to suit the required heat loss fromthe building. 94. Van Auken System:—In this system, as in the pre-vious one, the vacuum in
RM2AMYBJB–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . Fiff. 123. 274 HEATING AND VENTILATION Ihrough the system of levers to the full amount necessaryto operate the damper. A similar device is made by thesame company for application to hot water heaters. Temperature control in large plants, L e., thofie plants havinga large number of heating units, is much more complicated.In furnace systems this is very much the same as describedunder small plants, with additional dampers placed in theair lines. The following discussions, therefore, will applyto hot water and steam systems, and will be additional
RM2AN2571–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . ering is usually one or more thicknesses of asbes-tos paper or mineral wool. 55. Stacks or Risers:—The vertical air pipes leading tothe registers are called stacks or risers. They are rect-angular or oblong in section and are usu-ally fitted within the wall. See Fig. 24.The size of the studding and the distancesthey are set, center to center, limit theeffective area of the stack. All stacksshould be insulated to protect the wood-work. This is done by making the stacksmall enough to clear the woodwork byat least one-quarter inch and then wrap-pin
RM2AN2F11–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . = Fahrenheit degrees and C = Centigrade degrees.From these equations it may be seen that the two scales co-incide at but one point,—40 degrees. For conversion of thequantity units tlie fullowing may be used: 1 British thermal unit = 0.252 Calorie. 1 Calorie = 3.968 British thermal units. These are for the ajbsolute conversion ot a certain quantityof heat from one system to the other. If, however, theeffect of this heat is considered upon a glveriHvoight of sub- MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE 11 Stai^ce and the weight also is expressed in the respect
RM2AN26HT–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . le Table 18, Appendix. Another and perhaps a bet-ter way, and one that serves as a good check on the above,Is to select a furnace from the calculated grate area. See Art.46. Having selected the furnace by the grate area, checkthis with the table for the estimated heating capacityand the heating surface to see if they agree. What is known as a combination heater is shown InFig. 20. It is used for heating part of the rooms of a resi-dence by warm air, as inregular furnace work, andthe remainder of the roomsby hot water. In thismanner, rooms to be
RM2AWPHG6–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . The Baby Conoidal fan is of the high efficiency multiblade type withblast-wheel of the same design as the Niagara Conoidal (Type N). Housingis cast iron and can be swung around to discharge in any desired direction.This fan furnishes a large volume of air at a relatively low pressure withmoderate speed. The wheel is accurately balanced assuring a smooth run-ning, noiseless machine; its hum^ is almost inaudible. It is unexcelled for all kinds of drying and cooling purposes, for supply-ing fresh, cool air to ofRces, homes, staterooms, telephone boot
RM2AWPAAY–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . Fans, heaters and air washers from the Buffalo Forge Company for theworlds largest hotel, the new *McAlpin, New York City. Seventeen fans inthis building deliver 22,000,000 cubic feet of air per hour. 26 NIAGARA CONOIDAL (T YPE N) FANS. Kitchen Exhaust Fan,Manufacturers Club, Philadelphia, Pa. 27 BU F F A L O F ORGE COMPANY n Q m a tf c b 1-3 gO o <o CC s o t^ o Cl C^ CO -f «c I- ^-0 1—I Oi O l-H Oi X OCO OiiO 1-HLO O -^ CO CO CO oo o T+t lo oVD ^ O (N ^ Ci05 iC 1-H(N (N (N lO lO oOl t^ r- GO o ^ o (N CO TtH OOO ^ ^r O OO OOO COCSI CO TjH lOb-
RM2AMYF18–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . lant, it would be well to allow a small marginin excess so that one or two boilers may be thrown out ofcommission for repairs and cleaning without interferingwith the working of the plant. Case 2 seems to be the betterarrangement. Assuming 1800 total boiler horse-power wemight very well put in six 300 H. P. boilers arranged in threebatteries. 171. Cost of Heatlne from a Central Station (DirectFIrlngr):—It will be of interest in dhis connection to estimateapproximately the cost in supplying heat by direct firing toone square foot of hot water rad
RM2AWR3BY–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . 581% 39% 44%48% 62A69%76A 34%38%42 68 85% 90% 31% 64,^34% 71%38% 78 M 32%40%42% 69 84%88% 8%8%8% 242628 1213 4852 63 68% 6873^ 44%48% 63%68% 52if 57% 83%90A 46 49% 94%98% 41% ,85%45%|93A 44%46% 93%97% 1011 3034 63 i -16-16M.. No. 19 Niagara Conoidal Fan and 18 x 12 Low Pressure Buffalo Engine NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS The strongest and most efficient commercial fan on the market todayfor heating, ventilating, dryiiig and mechanieal draft work is unquestionablythe Niagara Conoidal Type N niultiblade fan. The proof of this state-ment has been a
RM2AN1YTF–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . 90 HEATING AND VENTILATION seems to give satisfaction; but it is very evident that, wlicxcbasement mains are long and more complicated, a mixing©f the two streams is unavoidable, thus rendering the sys-tem unreliable. The tvco-pipe system is used on both s.team and hotwater installations. For steam work it is probably nobetter than the one-pipe system but for hot water work itis much preferred. In this system two separate and dis-tinct paths may be traced from any radiator to the sourceof heat. In the basement are two mains, the flow and theretu
RM2AMY7AD–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . TEN TON AMMONIA COMPRESSOR Fig. 132. UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA pressor combines the high efficiency of the Corliss enginewith the vertical type of compressor which is probably thebest type for reliable service of valves and pistons. Thevertical compressor is usually single acting with waterjacketed cylinders. Horizontal compressors are usuallydouble acting, as shown in Fig. 133, where the prime movei- 288 HEATING AND VENTILATION. Fig. 133. Is a direct connected electric motor. Poppet valves in thistype are placed at an angle of 30 degrees to 45 deg
RM2AN17P6–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . stapped to the return 8 to 15 inches above the bottom of theleg. Each rise in the system has a drop leg at the lowerend of the rise. These points and all-other points wherecondensation may collect are drained through specialtyvalves to the return. Water supply systems may be tappedfor steam and return condensation the same as any ordi-nary radiator. Steam is carried in the main at about at-mospheric pressure, and just enough vacuum is maintainedon the return to insure positive and noiseless circulation.In many cases where special lifts are requi
RM2AWPNX4–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . No. 7 to No. 13 Niagara Conoidal Fan, Overhung Blast-Wheel, Left-Hand Top Horizontal Discharge 14 NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) F A N S DIRECT CONNECTED FANS Niagara Conoidal Type *Nfans may be furnished either directconnected to a steam engine or toan electric motor, the engine driveconveniently permitting wide speedvariation. This company has acompletely equipped engine depart-ment, making no less than nine dis-tinct types,manyof which have beendesigned especially for fan service.. Full Housing Niagara Conoidal Fan, Right-HandUp Discharge and Electr
RM2AMXYP4–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . re. (c) The heat entering by the opening of doors. •(d) The heat from the men at work, lights, chemicalfermentation processes, etc. (e) The heat abstracted from material In cold storage. Refrigeration losses due to entrance of radiated and con-ducted heat may be calculated by formulas 10, 11 and 12, REFRIGERATION 309 Chapter III, if the proper transmission constants are in-serted. To obtain these constants for various types of in-sulation use Tables IV and XXIX. TABLE XXIX.Heat Transmission of Standard Types of Dry Insulation. Material Mill 1 2
RM2AN19KG–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . unds, then the pressure is .42 pounds per square inch foreach foot in height. Stated in other words, one pound dif-ferential pressure will sustain 2.4 feet of water. With apressure difference of 3 pounds, this gives 3 -r- .42 = 7.2feet from the water level in the boiler to the point X, nottaking into account the friction of the piping and checkwhich would vary from 10 to 30 per cent. Assuming this 136 HEATING AND VENTILATION friction to be 20 per cent, we have 7.2 ^ .80 = 9 feet of headto produce motion of the water. The length of the riser pipe
RM2AN0CXN–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . Fig. Fig. 89. Fan housings are made in many different styles, andof various materials, the more readily to fit any given set ofconditions. Materials employed may be of brick, wood, sheetsteel or combinations of these. Steel housings are the mostcommon and are made in such a variety of patterns aswill fit any requirement of plenum duct direction. Whatare known as full housings are those in which the entire fanwheel is encased with steel and the entire unit is self-con-tained and above the floor line. Three-quarter housings arethose in which only
RM2AN24W1–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . ons and provide suitablepartition walls so that ample stack area could be put in.The ideal conditions will be reached when the architect act-ually provides air shafts of sufficient size to accommodateeither a round or a nearly square stack. When this timecomes a great many of the furnace heating difficulties willhave been solved. A double stack supplying air to two rooms is some-times used, having a partition separating the air currentsnear the upper end. This practice is questionable becauseof the liability of the pressure of air in the room on
RM2AWP9AW–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . Pulley overhung. Includes housing, wheeL shaft, twobearings and pulley. No. 2. FOR BELT DRIVE Single fan. Wheel overhung. Includes housing, wheel, shaft,two bearings, pedestal and pulley. No. 3. FOR DIRECT CONNECTION Single fan. Includes housing, wheel and base. Wheel is overhungon engine or motor shaft. No. 4. FOR DIRECT CONNECTION Single fan, Includes housing, wheel, shaft, bearing in fan inlet,flanged coupHng and base. No. 5. FOR DIRECT CONNECTION Single fan. Includes housing, wheel, shaft, bearing on drive side offan, flanged coupling and base
RM2AWPYC6–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . he only fan which is de-signed and constructed with a thorough understanding of all of the factorscontributing to the high efficiency of this class of fans. In multiblade fans a high suction is produced at the fan inlet and thistends to draw the air in at almost a right angle to the back or drive side.When the air strikes the back plate it is deflected toward the blades and out-iet at almost 90° and naturally this sudden change of direction causes a loss ofvelocity and power. Also a large part of the air will be taken up by the rearpart of the bla
RM2AN009K–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . ELEVATION. Fig. 96. Fan Room Layout with Single Ductr alongBasement Ceiling and all Mixing Dampers at PlenumChamber. 164 HEATING AND VENTILATION.
RM2AN0N5Y–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . ble witli the olderforms. Both of these forms of fans are used in plenumwork, and are placed on the forcing side of the circulatingsystem just between the air intake and the heater coils,or just following the heater coils, and hence produce a pres-sure within the building or suite heated, so that leakagesare outward and not so detrimental to the good workingof the plant as in the exhaust system. The motive power for fans may be of four kinds,electric direct drive, steam engine or steam turbine directdrive, and belt and pulley drive, as shown in
RM2AN2RTD–A manual of heating and ventilation, in their practical application, for the use of engineers and architectsEmbracing a series of tables and formulas for dimensions of heating flow and return pipes, for steam and hot water boilers, flues, etc., etc . Arrows show direction of currento. 1* 10 HEATING AND VENTILATIOM. VENTILATION. Ventilation is either natural or mechanical or both, the firstbeing by means of openings, such as windows, doors, etc.; thesecond, by means of fans or chimneys, and the third, bothcombined, generally for summer ventilation. MECHANICAL VENTILATION.Vacuum Movement: Aspira
RM2AMYJEW–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . y similar to E,having two copper diaphragms to take up the movement.These diaphragms flex over rings with curved edges andare thus protected somewhat against failure. / shows acopper U tube which is sometimes used. This is set in ahorizontal position and the expansion and contraction isabsorbed by bending the loop. In all these joints thosewhich depend upon the bending of the metal require littleattention except where complete rupture occurs. In oldplants, however, the rupturing of these diaphragms is offrequent occurrence. The packed joint requ
RM2AWP56W–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . ^ 180 1883^ 83 88^ 923^ 384044 181920 144152160 94^99M105 1013^ 107 112M 95^lOOU106 79 A831488 Ji 1247/113114 ,138^ 6872 75^ 152 J4j 16814 61J^64^67^ 128 J^135«142^ 195202213 96 100^1043^ 464850 59 B U FFALO FORGE COMPANY NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS. u M - - This Style for No. 3 to No. 6 Fans i L- 1 r c 3 /
RM2AMY44C–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . ^. Fig. 144. the ammonia gas. Rectifiers arevery similar in general design tothe various types of condensers,there being atmospheric, concen-tric tube, enclosed and submergedrectifiers just as thare are thesesame type of condensers, each de-scribed under the head of con-densers for compression systems.Rectifiers may save heat by thearrangement sihown in Fig. 142,where the iheat abstracted from thewater vapor is given to the cool,strong liquor before entering thegenerator. As shown, the strongliquor may be divided, part pa.ss-ing through the rect
RM2AMYC4T–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . Fiff. 123. 274 HEATING AND VENTILATION Ihrough the system of levers to the full amount necessaryto operate the damper. A similar device is made by thesame company for application to hot water heaters. Temperature control in large plants, L e., thofie plants havinga large number of heating units, is much more complicated.In furnace systems this is very much the same as describedunder small plants, with additional dampers placed in theair lines. The following discussions, therefore, will applyto hot water and steam systems, and will be additional
RM2AWPRNW–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . 12 N I AGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS BEARINGS Bearings are dust proof and oil tight and consist of a split sleeve linedwith babbltt and completely encased in the bearing housing. The two halves/of the sleeve are mounted between spherical surfaces which allow the bearingto adjust itself in every direction and the housing provides a large oil reser-voir in which two oil rings dip; over-fiUing of the bearing is prevented by theposition of the opening through which the oil is supplied and which alsoindicates the oil level. In the interest of safety the
RM2AN2KGP–A manual of heating and ventilation, in their practical application, for the use of engineers and architectsEmbracing a series of tables and formulas for dimensions of heating flow and return pipes, for steam and hot water boilers, flues, etc., etc . ernal air in adjoining room,t = Temperature of internal surface of wall,t, = Temperature of external surface of wall.t, and tj = Temperature of surfaces of wall, next to adjoiningroom,tj = Temperature of glass in windows, etc.U = Total units of heat lost per hour, per sq. ft.W = Walls or windows. Loss of heat through floors:—When the floor is expo
RM2AMYA87–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . the flange M andpermifcs the escape valve L under the influence of its springto rise from its seat, whereupon a portion of the air in Nis discharged until the pressure in N becomes equal to thedinainished pressure from the disks. Thus the pressure ofthe air in N is maintained always in direct proportion to theexpansive power (temperature) of the disks. Port / con-nects with chamber N and leads to the diaphragm valve. This thermostatic valve controls the regulator valve bya graduated moveiment and is used on the dampers forblower work. Another fa
RM2AN1R1R–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . he watertemperature drops below 212 degrees. Thepromptness with which heat may be obtained in the morn-ing is noteworthy, for, if the vacuum has been maintained,steam will begin to circulate as soon as the water has beenraised to about 150 degrees. According to demands of theweather, the radiators may be kept at any temperaturealong the range of 150 to 220 degrees, thus giving greatflexibility. V Fig. 50. 1 HOT WATER AND STEAM HEATING 101 Instead of having a barometric tube at each radiator,one mercury seal may be supplied in the basement, and t
RM2AWP63D–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . ^ 66H 95^107 70 U 100 ii112^ 74Ji:106 ; 1 1243^13111138M 801^ 152M85 ,160M89H 168M 61% 64%67% 7680 84 195 202213 96 100)^104H 46 48 i ^ 56 NIAGARA CONOIDAL (T Y P E N) F A N S NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS. DOUBLE WIDTH FULL HOUSING—BOTTOM HORIZONTAL DISCHARGE Dimensions in Inches ISise A B c D E F G H I J K L M X Y 3 3H4 24 2832 15%21 17M20 22M 14^ 153^18A21A 13 }415A 17^^ 20H24H 27% 22 25y2 29 28%32%36% HA 13 1416 18 384246 19%21%23% 3%3%3% 8 9 10 4^5 5H 364044 23^26}| 28^ 25H281431^ 163/C20 A 2Zyg26 Ji29H 19 J^22 A24^ 31%34 tt38 A 32J^3639 V4
RM2AN0BN3–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . Fig. 90. Fig. 91. The circular opening in the housing around the shaftof the wheel is the inlet of the fan, the air being thrownby centrifugal force to the periphery and at the same timegiven a circular motion, thus leaving the fan tangentiallythrough the discharge opening. Fans may be obtained whichwill deliver at any angle around the circumference, and fansmay be obtained with two or more discharge openings, usu-ally referred to as multiple discharge fans, as shown inFig. 91. Some fans have double side inlets, 1. e., air entersthe fan from eac
RM2AWPP9B–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . FulI Housing Niagara Conoidal Fan, Overhung Pulley,Left-Hand Up Discharge between bearings supported by the fanhousing. The overhung wheel is usedwhere a free and unobstructed inlet is de-sired; in this type, both bearings are on thesame side of the fan: No. 6 and smallerfans have both bearings mounted on onepedestal, while No. 7 to No. 13 have twopedestals which are rigidly connected.. No. 3 to No. 6 Niagara Conoidal Fan, Overhung Blast-Wheel, Right-Hand Top Horizontal Discharge
RM2AN0EXJ–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . Fig. Fig. 89. Fan housings are made in many different styles, andof various materials, the more readily to fit any given set ofconditions. Materials employed may be of brick, wood, sheetsteel or combinations of these. Steel housings are the mostcommon and are made in such a variety of patterns aswill fit any requirement of plenum duct direction. Whatare known as full housings are those in which the entire fanwheel is encased with steel and the entire unit is self-con-tained and above the floor line. Three-quarter housings arethose in which only
RM2AN2TFD–A manual of heating and ventilation, in their practical application, for the use of engineers and architectsEmbracing a series of tables and formulas for dimensions of heating flow and return pipes, for steam and hot water boilers, flues, etc., etc . hit is intended. It is sometimes impossible to obtain sufficientspace in walls for heating flues; or it may be objectionable tosupply the radiators in the cellar or basement with air thatmight be contaminated by being taken from near the sidewalkor damp and unclean areas, when it would be an easy matterto supply direct radiators through openings i
RM2AN1X1A–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . Fisr. 40. 94 HEATING AND VENTILATION TWO PIPL SYSTEM HOT WATER-BASEMENT MAIN. Fig. 41.
RM2AN04H5–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . In most installations for heating purposes, wliereboth tempered and heated air is supplied, the heater shouldbe raised on Its foundation 18 to 24 .inches to allow adamper and passage way for tempered air. 104. Division of Coll Sur£aoe:^It is considered bestpractice to install a hot blast heater in two parts, knownas the tempering coil and the heating coil. In the calculations.Arts. 115-119, the total heating surfaoe is first obtained andthen this is split up into whatever arrangement is desired.The tempering coils should be placed in the air p&g
RM2AN1W9P–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . Fig. 42. HOT WATER AND STEAM HEATING 95 VAPOR SYSTEM OF STEAM HEATINO. Fig. 4; 68. Accelerated Hot Water Heating Systems:—Improve-ments have been devised for hot water heating whereby thecirculation of the water is increased above that obtained bythe open tank system. By increasing the velocity of thewater, pipe sizes may be reduced, resulting in an economyin the cost of pipe and fittings. In addition to this, wherethe temperature of the water is carried above that due toatmospheric pressure, the radiation may theoretically bereduced below that
RM2AN2ME2–A manual of heating and ventilation, in their practical application, for the use of engineers and architectsEmbracing a series of tables and formulas for dimensions of heating flow and return pipes, for steam and hot water boilers, flues, etc., etc . ht of outlet,a, = Distance from vertical radius to point e,. VENTILATION. 27 n := Number of revolutions per minute.z° = Angle between radius and initial line of vane.Hp = Horse power required. When there is only one inlet, When there are two inlets, Ta ^ -A > ?» ^^ v » V c;r * 2c;r J. 3 r ° 2/Tr,C r, = r, to 2r,; ^^V-^ r—r . nr 1 = T-^—, in whi
RM2AN1CKB–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . FOUNDATION PLAN.Ceiling 6. Flgr. 65. HOT WATER AND STEAM HEATING 129. FIRST FLOOR PLAN.Ceiling 10. Fig. 66. 130 HEATING AND VENTILATION i..v-iA /
RM2AN1MPJ–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . gements of heating surface are in use to-day, everymanufacturer having a product of particular merit. Tradecatalogs supply the most up-to-date literature on thissubject, but cuts of each of the types mentioned above maybe found in Fig. 55. 77. Steam Boilers:—The products of many manufac-turers show but little difference between the hot waterheater and the steam boiler. The latter is usually suppliedwith a somewhat larger dome to give greater steam stor-age capacity. For heating purposes, steam boilers fallinto the same three classes as mentioned
RM2AWP89P–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . ^88 Ji 66«70« 74^ 7680 84 122^ 128 130 616363M 464860 50 NIAGARA CONOIDAL (T YPE N) FANS NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS — L i . I II ! -M m--^^ . I I II J 7 •lxk A. OVERHUNG PULLEY FULL HOUSING—UP DISCHARGE Dimensions in Inches Slze A B c D F G H I J K L M X Y 34 121416 15Ji21 17M20 22^ ilA 13 143^ 13M15A 175^ 20H 24M27M 17 193^ 22)^ 16M18M20M 13M 15 17 17 19^22 27^29^31>^ 15 1617 3%3%3% 8 9 10 43^ 5 5M 182022 235^26^28K 253/428H313^ 16M 18^20A 193^22 T^24Ji 31M34^ 38A 25 273^30 22M24M26M 18M19^21M 24H 27 293^ 333^ 36 37 18 19% 19% 3% 3%3% 11 1
RM2AWPGBD–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . DimensionE lin Inches Size A B c D E F G H J K L M N O p Q B S 1 3 4 3 ZVh 3A 2iS 3M 4% A 1« Vs 2J^ 6iJ 5 7K2 3 2 4 5^ 3 H m 4s SH 4M 6K ^ 2H A 3J^ 8A 6« 8^ 3 j 3 hVA. 7Ji 5A 7A eVs 5A 6^ m ^ 3A « 5H 10^ 73^|lOM 5 4 W4 nvs 7A lOJ^ 9 7^ 10 13 2 6 2 8 1 5 lOJi UH m 12% nvs 9M 11 16 2 7H 2^ 9H 6 nn HA 15A 13 A 11^ 11J^ 19 2 8^ 2H IIM 11^ 12^ 19 BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. Ph 1 T3 O) C Si s < GO o o C0 O o o es © 20 N I AGAR A CO^jOlJlA^k^^^-^^^^^-^^^^^^ STANDARD ARRANGEMENTS In ordering fans, specify hand,discharge, type of drive, whether over-hung pu
RM2AWPJYC–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . Niasara Conoidal Fan. Rlght-Hand TopAngular Discharge Niagara Conoidal Fan, Left-Hand TopAngular Discharge 17 BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY BABY CONOIDAL FANS
RM2AN25T3–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . FURNACE HEATING 73 ry the warm air from the room back to the furnace to bereheated for use again wiithin the building. In many casestin or galvanized iron is used for the material for therecirculating pipe. Where this enters the furnace itshould be planned with sufficient turn so that theair would be projected through the furnace, thusplacing a hindrance to the fresh cold air from followingback through this pipe to the rooms. The exact locationof the same will depend, of course, on the location of theregister instaiaed for this purpose. The cons
RM2AWPWRG–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . Three*Quarter Housing Niagara Conoidal Fan, LeAHand Top Horizontal Disebarge, for Overhung PuUey or Direct Connection 11 BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY
RM2AWPA2B–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . 20.121.222.5 119118117 28.229.130.4 136134133 37.4 38.239.5 151150148 47.2 48.449.6 179177175 68,070.071.6 190020002100 110800116640122480 0.2250.2500.275 848687 18.220.222.3 100100101 24.125.928.0 116116116 31.633.335.1 132131130 40.842.444.0 147146144 50.852.054.0 174 172170 73.2 74.876.8 220023002400 128300134140139960 0.3020.3300.360 899092 24.527.129.7 102103104 30.232.735.5 115116116 37.339.7 42.4 130129129 45.648.050.0 143143142 55.657.660.0 169168166 78.480.482.4 250026002800 145800151650163300 0.3900.4220.489 949599 32.935.8 42.8 10510711
RM2AN1XER–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . ORv RETURN WET RETURN ^ y^ a ORY RE Turn :#--- WCT RETuRM Fig. 39. ONE PIPL 5YSTLM-H0T WATER. Fisr. 40. 94 HEATING AND VENTILATION TWO PIPL SYSTEM HOT WATER-BASEMENT MAIN
RM2AMXXNY–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . hefollowing charts. Figs. B andC, summarize the results ofMr. Carriers experiments.Fig. C is a part of Fig. Bdrawn to a larger scale. eo 700 eoS c50 30|20 ^, ^^ . ^^ L ^^ 55;^ ? =::^ n a s y 0 7 »=. ., =8 0 e S 3 0 a ORv Bulb Fig. A. As one illustration of the use of the chart, refer to FigC with air at 40 degrees and 40 per cent, humidity. If thisair be heated to 100 degrees without addition of moistureit will be seen by interpolation that the humidity dTapsto about 8 per cent. If the same be heated to 100 degreesand enough moisture be added to
RM2AN1XRH–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . FiS. 37. TWO PIPE STEAM SYSTEM-BASEMENT MAIN. Fig. 38. HOT WATER AND. STEAM HEATING 93 A O MILLS SYSTEM &
RM2AMYB65–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . he total thickness at thecenter of the disks. The compressed air enters at H and passes into chamberN through the controlling valve J, which is normally held toits seat by a coil spring under cap P. Within the flange Mis located an escape valve L upon w.hich the point of thesupply valve J rests. Valve L tends to remain open whenpermitted by reason of the spring underneath the cap. WThenthe temperature rises sufficiently to cause the disks to in-crease in thickness and miove the flange M, the firrst actionis to seat the escape valve L, its spring
RM2AWPP46–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . No. 3 to No. 6 Niagara Conoidal Fan, Overhung Blast-Wheel, Right-Hand Top Horizontal Discharge. No. 7 to No. 13 Niagara Conoidal Fan, Overhung Blast-Wheel, Left-Hand Top Horizontal Discharge 14 NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) F A N S DIRECT CONNECTED FANS Niagara Conoidal Type *Nfans may be furnished either directconnected to a steam engine or toan electric motor, the engine driveconveniently permitting wide speedvariation. This company has acompletely equipped engine depart-ment, making no less than nine dis-tinct types,manyof which have beendesigned e
RM2AN1BYN–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . FIRST FLOOR PLAN.Ceiling 10. Fig. 66. 130 HEATING AND VENTILATION i..v-iA /. SECOND FLOOR PLAN.Ceiling 9. Fig. 67. HOT WATER AND STEAM HEATING 131 1226^ 7-26-3 ExpTonK.
RM2AMYNGB–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . Fig. 107a. DISTRICT HEATING 215. STONEBRICKMIN WOOL WOOD :^F-^,. NSULATION ^^ PIPEROLLERGRAVEL — DRAIN
RM2AWPYFM–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . , which with other types of fans is necessarily lost by shockand eddy currents at or immediately beyond the fan outlet, This peculiar NIAGA R A CONOIDAL (TYP E N) F A N S form of housing produces velocities which are nearly uniform across the entireface of the outiet. Many tests were made on various sizes of Niagara Conoidal fans with dif-ferent designs of housings and it was found that the greatest possible conver-sion of velocity head at tip of blades into static pressure at fan outiet wasobtained by making the inner edge of the outiet approxima
RM2AN1776–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . energy but this loss is amply repaid in the addedbenefits. Several patented systems of mechanical vacuum heatingare now upon the market. These are in large measure anoutgrowth of the original Williames System, patented in1882. Each system is well represented by the above diagramin all particulars concerning the steam and water circu-lation. The chief difference between them is in the thermo-static or motor connection at the entrance to each individualreturn. 93. Webster System:—In this system a pump is used toproduce the vacuuinr. A special fitt
RM2AWPBWA–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . tiblade fans as a type are much moresensitive to changes in resistance than the older types. 24 NIAGARA CONOIDAL (TYPE N) FANS In the coniplete tables static pressures are used, sinee the resistancesare estlmated in terms of static pressare, but for convenience and also be-cause total pressures are available in many cases, as when fans dischargedirectly into ducts with no reduction in velocity, we include in this catalogtables showing the normal capacities at which best efficiencies are obtainedin the case of each size fan and at various total pre
RM2AWP45Y–Catalog no201: Buffalo Niagara conoidal fans . u M - - This Style for No. 3 to No. 6 Fans i L- 1 r c 3 /. This Style for No. 7 to No. 13 Fans OVERHUNG WHEELFULL HOUSING—TOP HORIZONTAL DISCHARGE Dimensions in Inches Size A B c D E p G H I J K L M 1 X Y 3 3Ji4 121416 15^ 18^21 17M 20 22M 13 14^ 15^18 A21A 13 }i 15 A175^ i2S 27 J€ 1820M 24 32M36 A40 14K 121416 143^18^ 31^34^ 38M W2 83»^ 9 zy^ 10 5 5^ 182022 23^26M 28K 25^28H31K 16^18^20 A 23 J^26 }i29^ 19Ji22 A24M 31^34 ii 38 A 26^29 }€32 43^47 A51M 173^19M 182022 203^22 24^ 43H46^503^ 3^ U3H 123>^i 14 6 78 242832 31^36M42 34M39Ji45 Ji 22 ^ 26
RM2AN2CDX–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . e along thebottom of the chart is one of relative humidity. The scale ofnumbers up the center of the chart refers to the lines curvingdownward from left to right, and indicates the absolute hu-midity, i. e,, grains of moisture per cubic foot with the air.The use of the chart may be most readily understood by afew applications. Application.—Given dry bulb 70 degrees and wet bulb COdegrees. Determine relative humidity, absolute humidity,temperature of dew point for room, etc. First, starting onthe right hand scale at 70, follow down the line this
RM2AN26DX–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . Both ducts should also be provid-ed with doors that can be opened temporarily to the cellarair. Sometimes it is desirable to have two or more freshair ducts leading from the different sides of the house to the furnace so as to get the benefit ofany change in air pressure on theoutside of the building. Proper arrangements may bemade for pans of clear water in theair duct near the furnace to givemoisture to the air current, althoughonly a small amount of moisturewill be taken up at this point. Inmost cases where moistening pansare used, they are i
RM2AN1310–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . 150 HEATING AND VENTILATION differs from those of the Webster and VanAuken Systems,in that the pressure in the return main controls the flowof injection water into the suction strainer. 96. Dunhnm System:—The special valve used upon thereturns from radiators, coils and drainage points in theDunham System is shown in Fig. 83. The chamber betweenthe two corrugated disks AA is filled with a liquid whichvaporizes at low temperatures. The adjustment is so madethat the tem^perature of the steam creates pressure enoughbetween the disks to close the val
RM2AMYMHD–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . v/<f(J,<(f(/f/^. .^/.{(<<<.[i^^^./i^^/Jr ^*^% ?GRAVEL-WOOD.
RM2AMYW9X–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . product of the coefficient of reduced velocityand the coefficient of reduced area. From tests by Weisbachthe following approximate values are quoted by the Sturte-vant Company in Mechanical Draft, page 152. Orifice in a thin plate, .56 •Short cylindrical pipe, .75 Rounded off conical mouth piece, .98 Conical pipe, angle of convergence about 6°, .92 125. Results of Tests to Determine the Relation be-tween Pressure and Velocity in Air Transmission:—In fan construction the number of blades, the shape of the blades,the sizes of the inlet and outlet
RM2AN1AJG–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . Fig. 68. Fig, 69, turning the water of condensation to the boiler four methodsare in use; gravity, steam traps, steam loops and steam orelectric pumps. The gravity system is the simplest and is usedin all cases where the radiation is above the level of theboiler and where the boiler pressure is used in the mains.In a gravity return, no special valves or fittings are neces-sary, but a free path with the least amount of friction in Itis provided between the radiators and a point on the boilerbelow the water line. No traps of any kind should ^bepla
RM2AMY8W0–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . while its great afl^nityfor and .solubility in water, are what make the absorptionsystem a possibility. 101. Compression System:—Compression machines maywork well with the use of any one of the four refrigerants ofTable 59, df the proper pressures and temperatures are ob-served and maintained. The common refrigerant for thl«type is, however, anhydrous ammonia, for reasons givenabove. Fig. 131 shows a diagrannmatic sketch of the com-pression system. To follow the closed cycle of the ammonia,start with a charge being compressed in the cylinder of
RM2AN214M–Handbook for heating and ventilating engineers . ed by direct radiation and by air convection cur-rents through the radiators, no provision being made for achange of air in the room. This is known as the directsystem, and, while it causes movements of the air in theroom, it produces no real ventilation. See Fig. 30. Ivi the direct-indirect system, the radiator is alsoplaced within the space or room to be heated, but its lowerhalf is so encased and connected to the outside of the build- 88 HEATING AND VENTILATION Ing- that fresh air is continually drawn up through theradiator, is heated, and th
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