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Elongated bones Stock Photos and Images
RM2C6CMEK–Paracas ancient elongated human skull showing cranial deformation due to cranial binding, Chivay, Peru
RF2AYX5PT–The skull of the animal lies on the stones. Elongated skull shape. A gloomy sky with clouds is visible. Horizontal.
RM2F24XN8–Calvarieberg.A skull and bones against an elongated hill. Preparing right on top of St. Jan, at the top of a crack for the cross.
RMEAP5RK–Model of a Jurassic era Diplodocus. Full-size and lifelike dino statue at Dinopark Amersfoort Zoo, The Netherlands.
RM2ANJ3MA–A text-book of first aid and emergency treatment . or dislocation ofthese bones with any degree of certainty. The Metacarpus.—There are five elongated bones, one foreach digit, called metacarpal bones. In general, they occupythe location of what is commonly called the palm of the hand. The Phalanges.—^Two shorter bones, similar in shape tothe metacarpals, go to make up the thumb. They are calledthe phalanges. The one nearest the hand is designated asthe proximal phalanx, and the one forming the tip of thethumb is called the terminal, or distal phalanx. In the fin-gers are found analogous bones
RM2TE07KP–Mount Calvary, Fragment of a Crucifixion, anonymous, , , c. 1450 - c. 1475 A skull and bones against an elongated hill. Close on top right for St. Jan, at the top a crack for the cross. 'statue-squeezer': Northern NetherlandsUtrecht (possibly)Amsterdam (possibly) pipe clay A skull and bones against an elongated hill. Close on top right for St. Jan, at the top a crack for the cross. 'statue-squeezer': Northern NetherlandsUtrecht (possibly)Amsterdam (possibly) pipe clay
RMCE8RKX–Bat , black flying fox , black fruit bat , Pteropus alecto , hanging from a tree , india , asia
![Elements of geology, or, The Elements of geology, or, The ancient changes of the earth and its inhabitants as illustrated by geological monuments elementsofgeolog00lyel Year: 1868 Oh. XYIL] UPPER GREENSAND. 331 niart to Clathraria Lyellii, Mantell, a species common to the ante- cedent Wealden period. The Pterodactyl of the Kentish chalk, above allnded to, was of gigantic dimensions, measuring 16 feet 6 inches from tip to tip of its outstretched winffs. Some of its elongated bones were at first mis- taken by able anatomists for those of birds ; of which class no osse- ous remains have as yet b Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RWTW8F/elements-of-geology-or-the-elements-of-geology-or-the-ancient-changes-of-the-earth-and-its-inhabitants-as-illustrated-by-geological-monuments-elementsofgeolog00lyel-year-1868-oh-xyil-upper-greensand-331-niart-to-clathraria-lyellii-mantell-a-species-common-to-the-ante-cedent-wealden-period-the-pterodactyl-of-the-kentish-chalk-above-allnded-to-was-of-gigantic-dimensions-measuring-16-feet-6-inches-from-tip-to-tip-of-its-outstretched-winffs-some-of-its-elongated-bones-were-at-first-mis-taken-by-able-anatomists-for-those-of-birds-of-which-class-no-osse-ous-remains-have-as-yet-b-RWTW8F.jpg "Elements of geology, or, The Elements of geology, or, The ancient changes of the earth and its inhabitants as illustrated by geological monuments elementsofgeolog00lyel Year: 1868 Oh. XYIL] UPPER GREENSAND. 331 niart to Clathraria Lyellii, Mantell, a species common to the ante- cedent Wealden period. The Pterodactyl of the Kentish chalk, above allnded to, was of gigantic dimensions, measuring 16 feet 6 inches from tip to tip of its outstretched winffs. Some of its elongated bones were at first mis- taken by able anatomists for those of birds ; of which class no osse- ous remains have as yet b Stock Photo")
RMRWTW8F–Elements of geology, or, The Elements of geology, or, The ancient changes of the earth and its inhabitants as illustrated by geological monuments elementsofgeolog00lyel Year: 1868 Oh. XYIL] UPPER GREENSAND. 331 niart to Clathraria Lyellii, Mantell, a species common to the ante- cedent Wealden period. The Pterodactyl of the Kentish chalk, above allnded to, was of gigantic dimensions, measuring 16 feet 6 inches from tip to tip of its outstretched winffs. Some of its elongated bones were at first mis- taken by able anatomists for those of birds ; of which class no osse- ous remains have as yet b
RMPFM97T–. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. RODENTIA. 379 tooth, and is interposed behind, between the maxillary and the sphenoid. In the viscache and the chinchilla, the bones of the nose are oval and elongated ; the ascending branches of the intermaxillaries very narrow at their origin ; but they enlarge as they approach the frontal, as in the jerboas. The maxillary, in both, forms the entire pre- orbital ring; but in the viscache the vertical portion of the arch is doubled posteriorly, as in the helamys, by an ascending branch of the jugal, by the lachrymal, an
![. Fig. 34.—Cast of neural cavity in sacrum of Morosaurus lentus Mar.sh; side view. One-fourth nat- ural size. i, i i", i" intervertebral foramina; v, v', v", v'", cavities in first, second, third, and fourth sacral vertebra-. the large limb bones in this genus. The radius and ulna are nearly equal in size. The carpal bones are separate aud quite short. The live metacarpals are elongated, and the first is the stoutest. The toes were thick, and the ungual phalanges were evidently covered with hoofs. In PI. XXXVIII, fig. 1, the restoration of the scapular arch and entire for Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MCMJWM/fig-34cast-of-neural-cavity-in-sacrum-of-morosaurus-lentus-marsh-side-view-one-fourth-nat-ural-size-i-i-iquot-iquot-intervertebral-foramina-v-v-vquot-vquot-cavities-in-first-second-third-and-fourth-sacral-vertebra-the-large-limb-bones-in-this-genus-the-radius-and-ulna-are-nearly-equal-in-size-the-carpal-bones-are-separate-aud-quite-short-the-live-metacarpals-are-elongated-and-the-first-is-the-stoutest-the-toes-were-thick-and-the-ungual-phalanges-were-evidently-covered-with-hoofs-in-pi-xxxviii-fig-1-the-restoration-of-the-scapular-arch-and-entire-for-MCMJWM.jpg ". Fig. 34.—Cast of neural cavity in sacrum of Morosaurus lentus Mar.sh; side view. One-fourth nat- ural size. i, i i", i" intervertebral foramina; v, v', v", v'", cavities in first, second, third, and fourth sacral vertebra-. the large limb bones in this genus. The radius and ulna are nearly equal in size. The carpal bones are separate aud quite short. The live metacarpals are elongated, and the first is the stoutest. The toes were thick, and the ungual phalanges were evidently covered with hoofs. In PI. XXXVIII, fig. 1, the restoration of the scapular arch and entire for Stock Photo")
RMMCMJWM–. Fig. 34.—Cast of neural cavity in sacrum of Morosaurus lentus Mar.sh; side view. One-fourth nat- ural size. i, i i", i" intervertebral foramina; v, v', v", v'", cavities in first, second, third, and fourth sacral vertebra-. the large limb bones in this genus. The radius and ulna are nearly equal in size. The carpal bones are separate aud quite short. The live metacarpals are elongated, and the first is the stoutest. The toes were thick, and the ungual phalanges were evidently covered with hoofs. In PI. XXXVIII, fig. 1, the restoration of the scapular arch and entire for
RMBB0A9Y–tarsier Tarsiers haplorrhine primates Tarsius monotypic genus Tarsiidae lone extant family infraorder Tarsiiformes isl
RM2C6CMEP–Paracas ancient elongated human skull showing cranial deformation due to cranial binding, Chivay, Peru
RMRJ5X76–. The chordates. Chordata. 598 Comparative Morphology of Chordates. Fig. 462. Armadillo sacrum. (A) Lateral view. (B) Dorsal view. These rather thick disks or ligaments intervene between adjacent centra, serving as shock-absorbers and imparting the necessary flexi- bility to the column. Other than in mammals, such disks are well developed only in crocodilians and birds. In the development of mammalian bones there is a unique feature, best exemplified in vertebrae and the elongated bones of the legs. The embryonic cartilaginous centrum of a vertebra ossifies in three parts, forming a thin anter
RFBFNNC8–Painted bat ; Kerivoula picta ; Ghana bird sanctuary ; Keoladeo National Park ; Bharatpur ; Rajasthan ; India ; asia
![Archive image from page 52 of The dinosaurs of North America The dinosaurs of North America dinosaursofnort00mars Year: 1896 5IAKSH.] DIPLODOCUS. 177 indications of sclerotic plates have been found either in Diplodocus or in the other genera of Sauropoda. The suprateniporal fossa is small, oval in outline, and directed upward and outward. The lateral temporal fossa is elongated, and oblique in position, bounded, both above and below, by rather slender temporal bars. The prefrontal and lachrymal bones are both small; the suture con- necting them, and also that uniting the latter with the juga Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/T224CC/archive-image-from-page-52-of-the-dinosaurs-of-north-america-the-dinosaurs-of-north-america-dinosaursofnort00mars-year-1896-5iaksh-diplodocus-177-indications-of-sclerotic-plates-have-been-found-either-in-diplodocus-or-in-the-other-genera-of-sauropoda-the-suprateniporal-fossa-is-small-oval-in-outline-and-directed-upward-and-outward-the-lateral-temporal-fossa-is-elongated-and-oblique-in-position-bounded-both-above-and-below-by-rather-slender-temporal-bars-the-prefrontal-and-lachrymal-bones-are-both-small-the-suture-con-necting-them-and-also-that-uniting-the-latter-with-the-juga-T224CC.jpg "Archive image from page 52 of The dinosaurs of North America The dinosaurs of North America dinosaursofnort00mars Year: 1896 5IAKSH.] DIPLODOCUS. 177 indications of sclerotic plates have been found either in Diplodocus or in the other genera of Sauropoda. The suprateniporal fossa is small, oval in outline, and directed upward and outward. The lateral temporal fossa is elongated, and oblique in position, bounded, both above and below, by rather slender temporal bars. The prefrontal and lachrymal bones are both small; the suture con- necting them, and also that uniting the latter with the juga Stock Photo")
RMT224CC–Archive image from page 52 of The dinosaurs of North America The dinosaurs of North America dinosaursofnort00mars Year: 1896 5IAKSH.] DIPLODOCUS. 177 indications of sclerotic plates have been found either in Diplodocus or in the other genera of Sauropoda. The suprateniporal fossa is small, oval in outline, and directed upward and outward. The lateral temporal fossa is elongated, and oblique in position, bounded, both above and below, by rather slender temporal bars. The prefrontal and lachrymal bones are both small; the suture con- necting them, and also that uniting the latter with the juga
RMPFN868–. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Femur displaced inwards. Patella anckyksed. elongated and was directed backwards. The crucial ligaments were also elongated, and instead of crossing each other were untwisted as it were and lay side by side. The carti- lages were altogether removed, and when the femur was forcibly separated from the tibia, there were corresponding elevations and de- pressions which marked the several points of contact between the bones, in which a species of anchylosis had occurred. The body of the tibia was greatly enlarged and hypertro
![. The earth in past ages . FlG. y>. Skull of the oldest-known bird with teeth. Archae- opteryi macrura (after w. Dames). ./. orbit i f the eye, A'. pie-orbital vacuity. C. n-tril. Sci. circle <»t" bony plates run!, k. tongue bones, mm. lower jaw, mandim, bones. /. tear-bone, //. nose-bone. (After Dames.) ference from existing birds are, the elongated tail bearing feathers on each vertebra, the teeth, and the Claws on the three digits Of the hand. Close of the Oolitic period. m life took place bet ween the Kimendge i It he Portland olite which it. And although the granular Oolitic Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MAARAY/the-earth-in-past-ages-flg-ygt-skull-of-the-oldest-known-bird-with-teeth-archae-opteryi-macrura-after-w-dames-orbit-i-f-the-eye-a-pie-orbital-vacuity-c-n-tril-sci-circle-lttquot-bony-plates-run!-k-tongue-bones-mm-lower-jaw-mandim-bones-tear-bone-nose-bone-after-dames-ference-from-existing-birds-are-the-elongated-tail-bearing-feathers-on-each-vertebra-the-teeth-and-the-claws-on-the-three-digits-of-the-hand-close-of-the-oolitic-period-m-life-took-place-bet-ween-the-kimendge-i-it-he-portland-olite-which-it-and-although-the-granular-oolitic-MAARAY.jpg ". The earth in past ages . FlG. y>. Skull of the oldest-known bird with teeth. Archae- opteryi macrura (after w. Dames). ./. orbit i f the eye, A'. pie-orbital vacuity. C. n-tril. Sci. circle <»t" bony plates run!, k. tongue bones, mm. lower jaw, mandim, bones. /. tear-bone, //. nose-bone. (After Dames.) ference from existing birds are, the elongated tail bearing feathers on each vertebra, the teeth, and the Claws on the three digits Of the hand. Close of the Oolitic period. m life took place bet ween the Kimendge i It he Portland olite which it. And although the granular Oolitic Stock Photo")
RMMAARAY–. The earth in past ages . FlG. y>. Skull of the oldest-known bird with teeth. Archae- opteryi macrura (after w. Dames). ./. orbit i f the eye, A'. pie-orbital vacuity. C. n-tril. Sci. circle <»t" bony plates run!, k. tongue bones, mm. lower jaw, mandim, bones. /. tear-bone, //. nose-bone. (After Dames.) ference from existing birds are, the elongated tail bearing feathers on each vertebra, the teeth, and the Claws on the three digits Of the hand. Close of the Oolitic period. m life took place bet ween the Kimendge i It he Portland olite which it. And although the granular Oolitic
![. The chordates. Chordata. LIGAMENT ; -p-STERNUM /&SSA STERNUM ^SCAPULA S"*™** Fig. 125. Diagrams illustrating the fundamental similarity of the human (B) and amphibian (A) pectoral girdle. In man the coracoid element has degenerated into a process (coracoid) and a connective-tissue ligament containing occasional cartilage nodules. (After Huntington. Courtesy, Neal and Band: "Chordate Anatomy," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) containing 5 elongated bones lying between the wrist and the digits (fingers), of which the normal maximum number is 5. Similarly, in the pes t Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJ5M5K/the-chordates-chordata-ligament-p-sternum-ampssa-sternum-scapula-squot-fig-125-diagrams-illustrating-the-fundamental-similarity-of-the-human-b-and-amphibian-a-pectoral-girdle-in-man-the-coracoid-element-has-degenerated-into-a-process-coracoid-and-a-connective-tissue-ligament-containing-occasional-cartilage-nodules-after-huntington-courtesy-neal-and-band-quotchordate-anatomyquot-philadelphia-the-blakiston-company-containing-5-elongated-bones-lying-between-the-wrist-and-the-digits-fingers-of-which-the-normal-maximum-number-is-5-similarly-in-the-pes-t-RJ5M5K.jpg ". The chordates. Chordata. LIGAMENT ; -p-STERNUM /&SSA STERNUM ^SCAPULA S"*™** Fig. 125. Diagrams illustrating the fundamental similarity of the human (B) and amphibian (A) pectoral girdle. In man the coracoid element has degenerated into a process (coracoid) and a connective-tissue ligament containing occasional cartilage nodules. (After Huntington. Courtesy, Neal and Band: "Chordate Anatomy," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) containing 5 elongated bones lying between the wrist and the digits (fingers), of which the normal maximum number is 5. Similarly, in the pes t Stock Photo")
RMRJ5M5K–. The chordates. Chordata. LIGAMENT ; -p-STERNUM /&SSA STERNUM ^SCAPULA S"*™** Fig. 125. Diagrams illustrating the fundamental similarity of the human (B) and amphibian (A) pectoral girdle. In man the coracoid element has degenerated into a process (coracoid) and a connective-tissue ligament containing occasional cartilage nodules. (After Huntington. Courtesy, Neal and Band: "Chordate Anatomy," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) containing 5 elongated bones lying between the wrist and the digits (fingers), of which the normal maximum number is 5. Similarly, in the pes t
RMPG2068–. A hand-book to the British mammalia. Mammals. M Lloyd's naIuraL history. which in this group it will be convenient to designate as the arm, and its extremities as fingers, it will be seen from the accompanying figure of the skeleton of the same that all the bones are characterised by their slenderness and elongation. The first finger, or thumb, remains, however, comparatively short, and is furnished with a well-developed claw; but the remaining four fingers are greatly elongated, so that the third, fourth, and fifth, which are devoid of any trace of a claw, are. Skeleton oi the Right Fore-li
RMRMN5AP–. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. i8 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM All five metacarpals are preserved; they are all elongated bones with expanded ends and a constricted shaft. They increase in size from I to 5, with the fifth a robust bone and the first quite feeble. The phalanges of only four digits are preserved. The phalangeal formula is 2, 3 ?, 4, 3, 3, with the third digit the longest and the fourth and fifth only slightly shorter. The first digit is short and feeble. The purchase of the foot thus lies mostly in the postaxi
RMPFN7H9–. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Right os innominatum and marsupial bone, Wombat. not only extends outwards but is curved for- wards. In the Potoroos the symphysis of the ischia, or the lower part of what is commonly called the symphysis pubis, is produced ante- riorly. The length of this symphysis, and the straight line formed by the lower margin of the ischia is a characteristic structure of the pelvis in most of the Marsupials.. Pelvis and marsupial bones i,f the Koala. elongated, flattened, and more or less curved, expanded at the proximal extremity
RM2AKTA4D–An American text-book of the diseases of children .. . lower jaw causes the face to appear elongated. The nose is pinchedor its aire distended, while the angles ofthe mouth and eyes have a drawn appear-ance. Moreover, the air-cavities in commu-nication with the nose, as the frontal,maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sin-uses, which are essential to the proper ex-pansion of their respective bones, ceaseto develop when the circulation of airthrough the nose is interfered with, thusaltering natures intent regarding thedimensions of the face and head, and stillfurther deforming the physiognomy.
RMPFN86E–. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. ABNORMAL CONDITIONS OF THE KNEE-JOINT. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. 67. Femur displaced inwards. Patella anckyksed. elongated and was directed backwards. The crucial ligaments were also elongated, and instead of crossing each other were untwisted as it were and lay side by side. The carti- lages were altogether removed, and when the femur was forcibly separated from the tibia, there were corresponding elevations and de- pressions which marked the several points of contact between the bones, in which a species of anchylosis had occurr
RM2AN1B3P–Modern diagnosis and treatment of diseases of childern; a treatise on the medical and surgical diseases of infancy anf childhood . irst few weeks or months, it usually persists for life. The per-manently paralyzed structures soon begin to waste and undergofatty degeneration. The muscles are flabby and thin and thearticular bands so lax that the limb appears elongated and isprone to slip out of joint. Frequently there is also atrophy ofthe bones. As an immediate result of the atrophy of the diseased partsand the unopposed action (contraction) of the non-paralyzedantagonistic muscles, the affect
RMPFEDY9–. A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. 112 MA BINE EEPTILES OF THE OXFOED CLAY. it again slightly enlarges and bears an elongated oval facet, which was probably cartilage-covered in life. This facet seems to have united with the ilium, while posteriorly there was a slight union with the anterior process of the ischium. Probably much cartilage persisted at this point, so that the bones were not in actual contact. In any case there is no evidence that the pubis articu
RM2AJGCHW–A treatise on the science and practice of midwifery . rietal bones on either side. The fontanelles(Fig. 60) are the membranous interspaces where the sutures join—?the anterior and larger being lozenge-shaped, and formed by the junc-tion of the frontal, sagittal, and two halves of the coronal sutures.It will be well to note that there are, therefore, four lines of suturesrunning into it, and four angles, of which the anterior, formed bythe frontal suture, is most elongated and well marked. The posteriorfontanelle (Fig. 61) is formed by the junction of the sagittal suturewith the two legs of the
RMPFN6NN–. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Pelvis of the Turtle, a, os ilii; b, os pubis ; c, os ischii. of an elongated form, and attached by liga- ments to the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae, as well as to the neighbour- ing part of the eighth pair of dilated ribs : secondly, the pubis b, and the ischium c, both of which, expanding as they descend towards the plastrum, terminate by joining their fellows of the opposite side. The cylindrical bones of the extremities resemble those of other four-footed reptiles, and present no peculiarity worthy of
RM2AJJE6G–Catalogue of the fossil fishes in the British Museum (Natural History) .. . in of the dorsal fin, theventral contour gently arched. Head and opercular apparatussmall, occupying scarcely more than one-sixth of the total length ;external bones ornamented with coarse striae, often concentric;maxilla elongated, irregularly triangular, somewhat more thantwice as deep behind as in front, the majority of its superficialstriations vertical. Ein-rays and fulcra robust and smooth, therays of the dorsal sometimes serrated posteriorly ; pectoral finsmore than twice as large as the pelvic pair, as deep as
RMPFEDW7–. A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. METEIOEHTNCHUS. 145 the sides being concealed and the thin bones of the palate destroyed. Besides making it difficult to work out the structure of the skull, this crushing also renders the measurements, particularly those of width, very unreliable. In its general outline (text-fig. 55) the skull seen from above is an elongated isosceles triangle; the height of the triangle (i. e. the length of the skull) differs much in its rel
RM2AGBG65–. The literary digest. e, the recurved teeth taking aninextricable grip. After the buck has beendrowned the python coils itself around thebody and crushes it into an elongated mass,for convenience in the process of swallowing.The saliva of the snake flows freely, butonly over that portion of the prey whichis engulfed. The python does not regardthe horns, which are occasionally to beseen sticking out through its abdomen.When the carcass, including the bones,has been dissolved in the powerful gastricjuices, the horns drop off and the holesfill up, the snake apparently being nonethe worse for the
RMPG403N–. A text-book of agricultural zoology. Zoology, Economic. THE SKELETON AND ANATOMY OF BIKDS. 341 except the first and last pair. There is a large hreast-bone or sternum (14). In flying birds this sternum has a deep sternal ridge or keel, to which are attached the powerful muscles which move the wings. The pectoral arch (fig. 177) consists of a pair of scapulae (Sc), clavicles (/), and coracoid bones (Co). The scapula is an elongated simple bone; the coracoids are distinct and very strong, and articulate with the upper angle of the sternum ; the clavicles form the V-shaped bone popularly called
RM2AXJ6D7–A manual of anatomy . cartilage. Cartilage is surrounded by an investing, genetic membrane calledthe pericho)idrium, which is analogous to the periosteum of bones.From it the cartilage cells, or chondroblasts, arise. Within the peri-chondrium is the 7natrix containing the cartilage cells. In hyalincartilage this matrix is apparently homogeneous. In special prepa-rations, however, a groundwork of white fibrous tissue may berecognized. The cartilage cells beneath the perichondrium are no SYNDESMOLOGY small, elongated and close together. Near the middle of the cartilagethey are larger, oval and e
RMPFY5WY–. Cunningham's Text-book of anatomy. Anatomy. Tuberosity A Fig. 259.—The Eight Calcaneus.. Tuberosity B A. Seen from above ; B. Seen from below. which a groove (sulcus calcanei) leads backwards and medially around the antero- medial border of the articular surface. When the calcaneus is placed in contact with the talus, this groove coincides with the sulcus on the plantar surface of the talus, and so forms a canal or tunnel (sinus tarsi) in which the strono- interosseous ligament which unites the two bones is lodged. To the front and medial side of this groove there is an elongated articular f
RM2ANHBE5–Veterinary obstetrics, including the diseases of breeding animals and of the new-born . anteriorlimbs are completely retained, and assume the position shown inFig. 132. Under these conditions one or both carpal articula-tions project down deeply into the uterine cavity in front of thepubis of the mother, with the radius fully extended upon thehumerus, so that those two bones constitute one elongated, rigidcolumn. In this position of the fetus there can be no yieldingin a posterior direction from the scalpulo-humeral articulation tothe carpus. As a consequence of this deviation, the shoulders o
RMPG08A3–. American types of animal life. Zoology; Animal behavior. THE OTHER BEASTS 34S have very large eyes and ears, with long tails, and are clothed in soft woolly fur. Habitually they live in trees, but when they descend to the ground they progress by long jumps as kangaroos do, their power to effect these. THE SLENDER LORIS. depends on the fact that two of their ankle bones are even more elongated than in the small Madagascar lemuroids last noted. A most singular lemuroid is the slender loris—a crea- ture with no trace of a tail, and limbs which have much the proportions of our own as to length,
RM2ANC8AW–The Encyclopedia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literatureWith new maps, and original American articles by eminent writersWith American revisions and additions, bringing each volume up to date . -a, on the otherhand, the Spigelian lobe is very large, while the caudate issmall, in most species forming a ridge only. The gall-bladder is generally well developed and attached to thelight central lobe, except in lildiuilophidm, where it isconnected with the left central. In most species the hyuid bones are simple, consistingof a chain of slender, elongated, cylindrical bones
RMPG3YFA–. A manual of zoology. 446 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY having teeth which are perforated for the ducts of poison- glands. In the snakes (Fig. 267) teeth are rarely devel- oped on the pre-maxillae, but are present on the maxillae, palatines, pterygoids, and sometimes the transverse bones, as well as the dentary of the mandible. They may be of the same nature throughout, solid, elongated, sharp-pointed teeth, which are usually strongly recurved, so that they have the character of sharp hooks, their function being rather to. Fig. 268.—Pectoral arch and sternum of a lizard (Lacerta agilis). cl, clavicle; co
RM2AWHGPW–An American text-book of the diseases of childrenIncluding special chapters on essential surgical subjects; orthopaedics, diseases of the eye, ear, nose, and throat; diseases of the skin; and on the diet, hygiene, and general management of children . lower jaw causes the face to appear elongated. The nose is pinchedor its alje distended, while the angles ofthe mouth and eyes have a drawn appear-ance. Moreover, the air-cavities in commu-nication with the nose, as the frontal,maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sin-uses, which are essential to the proper ex-pansion of their respective bones, ce
RMPFEE78–. A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London ... Reptiles, Fossil. PLIOSAUKUS. 19 (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xlvi. (1890) pi. v. fig. 4), are very similar in form to the tibia aDd fibula, but a little less elongated ; they articulate with one another proximally and distally, but are separated in the middle by an oval vacuity. The radius is longer than wide; in the ulna the reverse is the case. Distally these two bones articulate Text-fiv. 7.. Pubes and iscbia of Pliosaurus ferox. (R. 3536,
RM2AWH3CE–A system of obstetrics . metimes be in the trans-verse or in the oblique, or even in the antero-posterior, pelvic diameter,and hence the childs head becomes elongated. This elongation, how-ever, cannot be in the occipito-mental diameter, but rather in thatdescribed by Budin as the maximum diameter, for the squamous por-tion of the occipital bone is pushed under the parietal bones, thismovement being permitted by the cartilaginous connection between itand the basilar portion. So, too, the equally strong compression towhich the head is subjected on all sides compels overriding of thefrontal by t
![Outlines of comparative physiology touching the structure and development of the races of animals, living and extinct : for the use of schools and colleges . Fig, 167.. besides the shoulder-blade («), the coracoid bone and the cla*vicle; the arm-bone (6) is twisted outwards, as well as the bonesof the fore-arm (c, d so that the elbow, instead of being be-hind, is turned forwards ; the fingers (g) are long, and widelyseparated. In the sloth (fig. 165), the bones of the arm (b] andfore-arm (c,d] are very greatly elongated, and at the same timevery slender; the hand is likewise very long, and th Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AKGYJA/outlines-of-comparative-physiology-touching-the-structure-and-development-of-the-races-of-animals-living-and-extinct-for-the-use-of-schools-and-colleges-fig-167-besides-the-shoulder-blade-the-coracoid-bone-and-the-clavicle-the-arm-bone-6-is-twisted-outwards-as-well-as-the-bonesof-the-fore-arm-c-d-so-that-the-elbow-instead-of-being-be-hind-is-turned-forwards-the-fingers-g-are-long-and-widelyseparated-in-the-sloth-fig-165-the-bones-of-the-arm-b-andfore-arm-cd-are-very-greatly-elongated-and-at-the-same-timevery-slender-the-hand-is-likewise-very-long-and-th-2AKGYJA.jpg "Outlines of comparative physiology touching the structure and development of the races of animals, living and extinct : for the use of schools and colleges . Fig, 167.. besides the shoulder-blade («), the coracoid bone and the cla*vicle; the arm-bone (6) is twisted outwards, as well as the bonesof the fore-arm (c, d so that the elbow, instead of being be-hind, is turned forwards ; the fingers (g) are long, and widelyseparated. In the sloth (fig. 165), the bones of the arm (b] andfore-arm (c,d] are very greatly elongated, and at the same timevery slender; the hand is likewise very long, and th Stock Photo")
RM2AKGYJA–Outlines of comparative physiology touching the structure and development of the races of animals, living and extinct : for the use of schools and colleges . Fig, 167.. besides the shoulder-blade («), the coracoid bone and the cla*vicle; the arm-bone (6) is twisted outwards, as well as the bonesof the fore-arm (c, d so that the elbow, instead of being be-hind, is turned forwards ; the fingers (g) are long, and widelyseparated. In the sloth (fig. 165), the bones of the arm (b] andfore-arm (c,d] are very greatly elongated, and at the same timevery slender; the hand is likewise very long, and th
RM2AJKRRY–The exterior of the horse . A B D Fig. 67. elongated eminence, the termination of the tendon of the anterior extensor of themetacarpus. Two curved lines circumscribe it on the sides : the internal, verymarked, commences at the tuberosity of the radius ; the external begins almoston the same level, but makes a less salient angle ; both teaminate quite abruptlyat the canon below the head of the rudimentary metacarpal bones. Examined in profile from the external side (Fig. 67, B), its anterior line,almost straight, continues that of the forearm ; two eminences, scarcely marked,modify it slightly
RM2AXK1K0–History of North American pinnipeds, a monograph of the walruses, sea-lions, sea-bears and seals of North America . d posteriorly intoa latero-posteriorly diverging point, as in Zahphm. The post-orbital cylinder is broad and moderately elongated. The post-orbital constriction is well marked, giving a prominently quad-rate form to the brain-case, the latero-anterior angles of whichvary somewhat in their sharpness in different specimens. Thesagittal and occipital crests are well developed in the old males,nearly as much as in Eumetopias, as are also the mastoid pro-cesses. The palatine bones ter
![A treatise on zoology . ry incomplete and moremodified even than in the next family ; few can be recognised (Fig. 294).On the other hand, the mouth and jaws with minute teeth are morenormally developed (Bridge [52], Allis [18]). Elongated frontals,parietals, and nasals cover the cranium above ; an interrupted .series ofmedian bones runs forwards on the rostrum, but not behind the orbits. 3i8 A CIPENSEROIDEI The postfrontals ami pterotic seem to have fused, and beliind themcomes an enormous post-temporal. The bones at the side are stillfurther reduced than in Acifenaer. The operculum and subope Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AJA2CA/a-treatise-on-zoology-ry-incomplete-and-moremodified-even-than-in-the-next-family-few-can-be-recognised-fig-294on-the-other-hand-the-mouth-and-jaws-with-minute-teeth-are-morenormally-developed-bridge-52-allis-18-elongated-frontalsparietals-and-nasals-cover-the-cranium-above-an-interrupted-series-ofmedian-bones-runs-forwards-on-the-rostrum-but-not-behind-the-orbits-3i8-a-cipenseroidei-the-postfrontals-ami-pterotic-seem-to-have-fused-and-beliind-themcomes-an-enormous-post-temporal-the-bones-at-the-side-are-stillfurther-reduced-than-in-acifenaer-the-operculum-and-subope-2AJA2CA.jpg "A treatise on zoology . ry incomplete and moremodified even than in the next family ; few can be recognised (Fig. 294).On the other hand, the mouth and jaws with minute teeth are morenormally developed (Bridge [52], Allis [18]). Elongated frontals,parietals, and nasals cover the cranium above ; an interrupted .series ofmedian bones runs forwards on the rostrum, but not behind the orbits. 3i8 A CIPENSEROIDEI The postfrontals ami pterotic seem to have fused, and beliind themcomes an enormous post-temporal. The bones at the side are stillfurther reduced than in Acifenaer. The operculum and subope Stock Photo")
RM2AJA2CA–A treatise on zoology . ry incomplete and moremodified even than in the next family ; few can be recognised (Fig. 294).On the other hand, the mouth and jaws with minute teeth are morenormally developed (Bridge [52], Allis [18]). Elongated frontals,parietals, and nasals cover the cranium above ; an interrupted .series ofmedian bones runs forwards on the rostrum, but not behind the orbits. 3i8 A CIPENSEROIDEI The postfrontals ami pterotic seem to have fused, and beliind themcomes an enormous post-temporal. The bones at the side are stillfurther reduced than in Acifenaer. The operculum and subope
RM2AWTWPN–Geological magazine . late (Woodcut, Figs. 11-16, pp. 245-246). The Pelvis.—The pelvis in this group is very characteristic, andthe three bones, ilium, ischium, and pubis, all take a prominent partin forming the acetabulum. The relative size and position of theseare shown in the diagram (Woodcut, Fig. 4), which represents thepelvic elements as nearly in the same plane as their form willallow, while retaining essentially their relative position in life. The ilium is much elongated, and differs widely from that in anyof the known groups of the Dinosauria. The portion in front of ^ Read before Se
RM2AM70HT–Geological magazine . ird and fourth are attenuated splint bones, incomplete above. The phalanges of the three middle digits are quite short, and theterminal ones supported sharp claws. The wing finger has fourgreatly elongated phalanges, the last being a styloid bone, without a DECADE II.—VOL. IX. NO. V. 14 210 Dr. C. 0. Trechmann— Hypersthenite of Carroeh Fell. claw. This digit is well shown in the right wing represented inFig. 1, and also in the restoration, given below, Fig. 3. In the restoration here attempted, the writer has endeavoured toreproduce (1) the parts actually present or clear
RM2AX3D6E–The American text-book of obstetrics for practitioners and students . Fig. 220.—The effect of descent of the pubic bones on the gain in length of saci c-pubic diameter. By-mere separation of bones, the gain in conjugata vera would be S S; with added effect of descent it isS, S (Wehle). lines running from the promontory to the anterior half of the linea ilio-pectineaare elongated more than by mere separation of the pubic bones. But this is. Fig. 221.—Diagram of pelvic brim, showing gain in space on opening pubic joint: PS, conjugate jointclosed; PS, conjugate joint open 6 cm. (Wehle). not all.
RM2AXDE2C–Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . Fig. 10. A-C. Comparison of right dorsal surfaces of hand and left ventral surfaces of footof Eo.xenopoides reuningi. B-D. The same of Xenopus muelleri. A based on SAM-K4603a,K4615c and K4627b, C based on K4609a; both specimens are from animals of equal size. Metatarsals and phalanges These bones are well shown on many specimens but are completely pre-served on SAM-K4609a (Fig. IOC) and K4624b. They are elongated but notunusual in any way. The phalanges are generally not well preserved but are complete on SAM-K4609a (
RM2ANDY2K–Beginners' zoology . f the frogsfingers have three joints ? Compare also the leg of man and the hind legof the frog (Figs.253 and 399). Doesthe thigh have onebone in each ? Theshank of man hastwo bones, shin andsplint bone. Doyou see a groovenear the end in theshank bone of afrog (Fig. 252), in-dicating that itwas formed by the union of a shin and Fig. 253. — Skeleton OF Frog. r ...u :> t-i ^^ a sphnt bonerThe first two of the five bones of the ankle are elongated, giv-ing the hind leg the appearance ofhaving an extra joint (Fig. 253). Thefoot consists of six digits, one of which,like the t
RM2CDF8YD–. An introduction to the osteology of the mammalia . and terminating anteriorly in aconical rounded projection. The segments of the mesosternum are elongated, andmore or less four-sided, contracted at the middle, andwidening at each extremity. They ossify, according toParker, ectosteally, or from without inwards, the bony deposit commencing in the inner layerof the perichondrium, as in the shaftsof long bones ; and they remain per-manently distinct from each other. The xiphisternum is long, narrow,and flat, and generally ends in an ex-panded flattened cartilage. In the Pinnipedia, the prestern
RM2CE50D1–. Essentials of diagnosis. Arranged in the form of questions and answers prepared especially for students of medicine . The inter-osseous spaces become exagger-ated. Owing to the enlarge-ment of the inferior maxillaryand the frontal bones, the faceassumes a peculiarly elongated,elliptical outline. The hyper-trophy of the nasal bones givesthe nose a thickened appearance.The enlargement of the malarbones increases the normal tem-poral fossEe. The enlargementof the frontal sinuses and theprojection of the superciliaryridges give the forehead a re-treating appearance. The chinis prominent and the
RM2CEDCXA–. Quain's Elements of anatomy. side of the footIjetween the astragalus and the cuneiform bones. It is elongated transversely, andcompressed from before backwards. It presentsposteriorly an articular concavity for the head ofthe astragalus, and anteriorlij a convex surfacedivided by two lines converging below into threefacets, which articulate respectively with the threecuneiform bones. Its upper surface is convexfrom side to side ; the loiver is narrower and veryuneven. On the outer end there is in someinstances a small articular surface for the cuboidbone ; the inner end forms the prominent t
![. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . passagebetween the middle and lower turbinal is the 6 middle meatus,into which the antrum or maxillary sinus opens. The lowerturbinal is the largest of the three, and longest retains its indi-viduality : below it is the (inferior meatus, k, into which thelacrymal canal opens. In most lower Mammals there is a turbinal process from thefrontal and nasal bones; which, from its relative position in theirhorizontally elongated nasal chamber, is called the c superiorspongy bone (oberste muschel, Gurlt), by Hippotomists; it isnot the homologue of Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2CP8BM7/on-the-anatomy-of-vertebrates-electronic-resource-passagebetween-the-middle-and-lower-turbinal-is-the-6-middle-meatusinto-which-the-antrum-or-maxillary-sinus-opens-the-lowerturbinal-is-the-largest-of-the-three-and-longest-retains-its-indi-viduality-below-it-is-the-inferior-meatus-k-into-which-thelacrymal-canal-opens-in-most-lower-mammals-there-is-a-turbinal-process-from-thefrontal-and-nasal-bones-which-from-its-relative-position-in-theirhorizontally-elongated-nasal-chamber-is-called-the-c-superiorspongy-bone-oberste-muschel-gurlt-by-hippotomists-it-isnot-the-homologue-of-2CP8BM7.jpg ". On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . passagebetween the middle and lower turbinal is the 6 middle meatus,into which the antrum or maxillary sinus opens. The lowerturbinal is the largest of the three, and longest retains its indi-viduality : below it is the (inferior meatus, k, into which thelacrymal canal opens. In most lower Mammals there is a turbinal process from thefrontal and nasal bones; which, from its relative position in theirhorizontally elongated nasal chamber, is called the c superiorspongy bone (oberste muschel, Gurlt), by Hippotomists; it isnot the homologue of Stock Photo")
RM2CP8BM7–. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . passagebetween the middle and lower turbinal is the 6 middle meatus,into which the antrum or maxillary sinus opens. The lowerturbinal is the largest of the three, and longest retains its indi-viduality : below it is the (inferior meatus, k, into which thelacrymal canal opens. In most lower Mammals there is a turbinal process from thefrontal and nasal bones; which, from its relative position in theirhorizontally elongated nasal chamber, is called the c superiorspongy bone (oberste muschel, Gurlt), by Hippotomists; it isnot the homologue of
RM2CP42HM–. The museum of natural history, with introductory essay on the natural history of the primeval world : being a popular account of the structure, habits, and classification of the various departments of the animal kingdom, quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, shells, and insects, including the insects destructive to agriculture . the IndianArchipelago. Tlie distmguishing characteristics of thisanimal consist m the possession of two large tusk-likecanines in the upper jaw, and in the columnar extensionof the cranial bones, forming elongated pedestals for thesupport of the two-pronged horns (fig
RM2CE22RR–. Water reptiles of the past and present . Fig. 37.—Pelvic girdle of Elasmosaurus: p, pubis; is, ischium; il, ilium so long and strong; they are very short in the cetaceans, the sire-nians, the ichthyosaurs, mosasaurs, thalattosaurs, and the marinecrocodiles, in front at least. The strong muscular rugosities ofthe plesiosaurian bones are very suggestive of powerful swimmingmuscles. The bones of the forearms and legs, the wrists and ankles areall polygonal platelets of bones, closely articulating with each other.The finger and toe bones have a more elongated, hour-glass shapethan those of the i
RM2CPK0E7–. Reptiles and birds. A popular account of the various orders; with a description of the habits and economy of the most interesting. . disc which supports thethroat, and assists in deglutition and respiration. The bone of thearm {humerus) is single, and long in proportion to the fore arm. Inthe Frogs {Rana), the iliac bone is much elongated, and is articulatedin a movable manner on the sacrum, so that the two heads of thethigh bones seem to be in contact. The femur or thigh is muchlengthened and slightly curved, the leg joined together so as toform a much-elongated single bone. 12 REPTILES AND
RM2CEJYDX–. The 'Overland' to China. ead, and, except when modified by Chinese inter-marriage, by a somewhat childish expression. Thehigh cheek-bones and small, dark, elongated eyesresemble the Chinese, but the nose is not quite soshort and flat nor the face so rounded. The Mon-gols have coarse, black hair,* very scanty in thebeard and whiskers ; large, protuberant ears, a dark,sun-burned complexion, and, lastly, a stout, thick-setfigure, rather above the average height of Asiatics.Their distinctive characteristics are their generalgravity of expression and cautious, inquisitive mode * There is a Russia
RM2CPPP5D–. The great and small game of Europe, western & northern Asia and America; their distribution, habits, and structure . width acrossthe (zygomatic) arches formed by the cheek-bones, and the shortness orthat portion of the skull situated behind the posterior roots ot those arches.There appears to be no concavity at the root of the nasal bones ot theskull ; and the great elevation of the skull seems to be most developed insub-adult examples. It is stated that in the adult female the skull is rela-tively more elongated and the frontal region less elevated than in the male. o 98 Game of Europe, W.
RM2CETK43–. Guide leaflet. equivalent of the columella, the incus is derived from the quadrate, and the malleus from the articular In almost all mammals there are seven cervical vertebrae. In the giraffethese are excessively elongated and in the whales excessively com-pressed. Only in the manatee (21) and a species of two-toed sloth (16)is the number reduced to six and only in the three-toed sloths is thenumber increased, here to nine. The mammals develop bony ends or epiphyses on the limb bones(rare in reptiles) and on the vertebrae. It is between these epiphyses and BIOLOGY OF MAMMALS 7 the shafts of
RM2CE65RW–. Anthropology . to the latter a short time previous tobirth. In Man, the iliac bones are expanded, laterally, into two greatwings, thin in the centre, and concave—admirably constructed tosupport the mass of the viscera, and in the female the weight ofthe foetus. Their external surface, or external iliac fossa, is, in *consequence, convex, to give insertion to the muscles of the buttockIn quadrupeds, on the-contrary, the iliac bones are closer together,are elongated on each side of the lumbar portion of the column, and f 2 PELYIS. [Chap. ii. convex on their internal surface, the external becom
RM2CEEH08–. Anthropology. into the latter a short time previous tobirth. In Man, the Uiac bones are expanded, laterally, into two greatwings, thin in the centre, and concave—admirably constructed tosupport the mass of the viscera, and in the female the weight ofthe foetus. Their external surface, or external iliac fossa, is, inconsequence, convex, to give insertion to the muscles of the buttock.In quadrupeds, on the contrary, the Oiac bones are closer together,are elongated on each side of the lumbar portion of the column, and p 2 68 EELYIS. [Chap. ii. convex on their internal surface, the external beco
![. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . Bones of leg and foot, Crocodile ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 191. interspace into the i obturator foramina/ and becoming ossified inold Monitors. The femur resembles that ofthe Crocodile, but with the inner trochanterbetter developed, with a larger medullary cavity,and with a more marked depression on the outercondyle for the fibular articulation. The divisionof the back part of the head of the tibia is usuallymore marked. The head of the fibula, fig. 122,67, b, rises higher than in the Crocodile. In Var anus niloticus,1 the elongated iliac p Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2CNF5DT/on-the-anatomy-of-vertebrates-electronic-resource-bones-of-leg-and-foot-crocodile-anatomy-of-vertebrates-191-interspace-into-the-i-obturator-foramina-and-becoming-ossified-inold-monitors-the-femur-resembles-that-ofthe-crocodile-but-with-the-inner-trochanterbetter-developed-with-a-larger-medullary-cavityand-with-a-more-marked-depression-on-the-outercondyle-for-the-fibular-articulation-the-divisionof-the-back-part-of-the-head-of-the-tibia-is-usuallymore-marked-the-head-of-the-fibula-fig-12267-b-rises-higher-than-in-the-crocodile-in-var-anus-niloticus1-the-elongated-iliac-p-2CNF5DT.jpg ". On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . Bones of leg and foot, Crocodile ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 191. interspace into the i obturator foramina/ and becoming ossified inold Monitors. The femur resembles that ofthe Crocodile, but with the inner trochanterbetter developed, with a larger medullary cavity,and with a more marked depression on the outercondyle for the fibular articulation. The divisionof the back part of the head of the tibia is usuallymore marked. The head of the fibula, fig. 122,67, b, rises higher than in the Crocodile. In Var anus niloticus,1 the elongated iliac p Stock Photo")
RM2CNF5DT–. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . Bones of leg and foot, Crocodile ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 191. interspace into the i obturator foramina/ and becoming ossified inold Monitors. The femur resembles that ofthe Crocodile, but with the inner trochanterbetter developed, with a larger medullary cavity,and with a more marked depression on the outercondyle for the fibular articulation. The divisionof the back part of the head of the tibia is usuallymore marked. The head of the fibula, fig. 122,67, b, rises higher than in the Crocodile. In Var anus niloticus,1 the elongated iliac p
RM2CF0DD1–. An American text-book of obstetrics. For practitioners and students. Fig. 505.—The effect of descent of the pubic bones on the gain in length of sacro-pubic diameter. Bymere separation of bones, the gain in conjugata vera would be S S; with added effect of descent it isS, S (Wehle). lines running from the promontory to the anterior half of the linea ilio-pectineaare elongated more than by mere separation of the pubic bones. But this is. Fig. 506.—Diagram of pelvic brim, showing gain in space on opening pubic joint: PS, conjugate jointclosed; PS, conjugate joint open 6 cm. (Wehle). not all. A
RM2CE4Y17–. Beginners' Zoology . of the frogs^fingers have three joints ? Compare also the leg of matt and the hind legof the frog (Figs.253 and 399). Doesthe thigh have onebone in each ? Theshank of man hastwo bones, shin andsplint bone. Doyou see a groovenear the end in theshank bone of afrog (Fig. 252), in-dicating that itwas formed by the union of a shin and Fig. 253. —Skeleton OF Frog. ,• ,1 o t^l ^^ a splmt bone? The first two of the five bones of the ankle are elongated, giv-ing the hind leg the appearance ofhaving an extra joint (Fig. 253). Thefoot consists of six digits, one of which,like the t
![. Elements of geology, or, The ancient changes of the earth and its inhabitants as illustrated by geological monuments. Geology. Oh. XYIL] UPPER GREENSAND. 331 niart to Clathraria Lyellii, Mantell, a species common to the ante- cedent Wealden period. The Pterodactyl of the Kentish chalk, above allnded to, was of gigantic dimensions, measuring 16 feet 6 inches from tip to tip of its outstretched winffs. Some of its elongated bones were at first mis- taken by able anatomists for those of birds ; of which class no osse- ous remains have as yet been derived from the white chalk, although Fossils o Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RCJ8E2/elements-of-geology-or-the-ancient-changes-of-the-earth-and-its-inhabitants-as-illustrated-by-geological-monuments-geology-oh-xyil-upper-greensand-331-niart-to-clathraria-lyellii-mantell-a-species-common-to-the-ante-cedent-wealden-period-the-pterodactyl-of-the-kentish-chalk-above-allnded-to-was-of-gigantic-dimensions-measuring-16-feet-6-inches-from-tip-to-tip-of-its-outstretched-winffs-some-of-its-elongated-bones-were-at-first-mis-taken-by-able-anatomists-for-those-of-birds-of-which-class-no-osse-ous-remains-have-as-yet-been-derived-from-the-white-chalk-although-fossils-o-RCJ8E2.jpg ". Elements of geology, or, The ancient changes of the earth and its inhabitants as illustrated by geological monuments. Geology. Oh. XYIL] UPPER GREENSAND. 331 niart to Clathraria Lyellii, Mantell, a species common to the ante- cedent Wealden period. The Pterodactyl of the Kentish chalk, above allnded to, was of gigantic dimensions, measuring 16 feet 6 inches from tip to tip of its outstretched winffs. Some of its elongated bones were at first mis- taken by able anatomists for those of birds ; of which class no osse- ous remains have as yet been derived from the white chalk, although Fossils o Stock Photo")
RMRCJ8E2–. Elements of geology, or, The ancient changes of the earth and its inhabitants as illustrated by geological monuments. Geology. Oh. XYIL] UPPER GREENSAND. 331 niart to Clathraria Lyellii, Mantell, a species common to the ante- cedent Wealden period. The Pterodactyl of the Kentish chalk, above allnded to, was of gigantic dimensions, measuring 16 feet 6 inches from tip to tip of its outstretched winffs. Some of its elongated bones were at first mis- taken by able anatomists for those of birds ; of which class no osse- ous remains have as yet been derived from the white chalk, although Fossils o
RMRD56J8–. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. RODENTIA. 379 tooth, and is interposed behind, between the maxillary and the sphenoid. In the viscache and the chinchilla, the bones of the nose are oval and elongated ; the ascending branches of the intermaxillaries very narrow at their origin ; but they enlarge as they approach the frontal, as in the jerboas. The maxillary, in both, forms the entire pre- orbital ring; but in the viscache the vertical portion of the arch is doubled posteriorly, as in the helamys, by an ascending branch of the jugal, by the lachrymal, an
RMRD5E38–. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Femur displaced inwards. Patella anckyksed. elongated and was directed backwards. The crucial ligaments were also elongated, and instead of crossing each other were untwisted as it were and lay side by side. The carti- lages were altogether removed, and when the femur was forcibly separated from the tibia, there were corresponding elevations and de- pressions which marked the several points of contact between the bones, in which a species of anchylosis had occurred. The body of the tibia was greatly enlarged and hypertro
RMRJE4XG–. The cat; an introduction to the study of backboned animals, especially mammals. Cats; Anatomy, Comparative. 18 THE CAT. [chap. II. Certain portions of connective tissue which connect adjacent bones or cartilages become very strong, and constitute the licjaments. These are flattened or rounded bands, formed of straight, parallel fibres and are very dense in structure, with corpuscles elongated in the direction of the fibres. Other fibrous structures are the membranes which closely invest the bones or cartilages, which membranes are called j^eriosteum and perichondrium respectively. These are
RMRJDM44–. The cat : an introduction to the study of backboned animals, especially mammals. Cats; Anatomy, Comparative. 18 THE CAT. [CHAP. II. Certain portions of connective tissue which connect adjacent bones or cartilages become very strong, and constitute the ligaments. These are flattened or rounded bands, formed of straight, parallel fibres and are very dense in structure, with corpuscles elongated in the direction of the fibres. Other fibrous structures are the membranes which closely invest the bones or cartilages, which membranes are called periosteum' and perichondrium respectively. These are
RMREFFBJ–. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 38 THE BONES. tuberosities placed on each side of the perpendicular lamina, and offering for study a middle portion, a base, and a summit. Each of these is formed by an assemblage of numerous, extremely thin, osseous plates, curved into small and very fragile convolutions. These, elongated from above to below, become lonf^er as they are more anterior ; they are attached by their superior extremities to the transverse plate which separates the cranium from the nasal cavities, and by one of their borders to a thin leaf of
RMRE4A26–. The bird, its form and function. Birds. 320 The Bird the two principal divisions into which the flight-feathers are divided: the primary feathers, or those growing on the fingers and wrist-bones, and the secondaries which sprout from the bone of the forearm. The several feathers. Fig. 255.—Young Green Heron, showing various divisions of wing-feathers. supported by the thumb are also very distinctlj^ shown. When a wing is greatly elongated it is the secondary feathers which are increased in number, the two extremes being represented by the hummingbird and the albatross,. Please note that thes
RMRE3CYK–. Text book of zoology. Zoology. 522 Vertebrata. tinguishable: tlie entire vertebral column, with the exception of the cervical region, is very flexible, the intervertebral discs thick. The jaws are much elongated; the jugal in the Odontoceti is very- thin ; the nasal very short, often rudimentary (best developed in the Mystacoceti). The scapula without a spine; clavicles absent. As was mentioned above, the bones of the fore limb are immovably connected; there are four or five fingers; it is interesting to note that soine of these have more than three joints. There is a vestigial pelvis in the
RMRD5D62–. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Right os innominatum and marsupial bone, Wombat. not only extends outwards but is curved for- wards. In the Potoroos the symphysis of the ischia, or the lower part of what is commonly called the symphysis pubis, is produced ante- riorly. The length of this symphysis, and the straight line formed by the lower margin of the ischia is a characteristic structure of the pelvis in most of the Marsupials.. Pelvis and marsupial bones i,f the Koala. elongated, flattened, and more or less curved, expanded at the proximal extremity
RMRHDKMA–. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 131 Pectoral girdle and fin In cyprinids, bones in the pectoral girdle include coracoid, mesocoracoid, scapula, post- temporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum, and postcleithrum. The coracoid, mesocoracoid, and scapula are endochondral bones and form the primary pectoral girdle; the remaining are dermal elements and form the secondary pectoral girdle. Posttemporal (Fig.82A-D). The posttemporal is an elongated bone and located at the posterolateral side of the neurocranium. It overlaps the epioccipital dorsally and su- pracleithrum ventrally. Generally, tw
RMRPY0T4–. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 88 THE BONES. tuberosities placed on each side of the perpendicular lamina, and offering for study a middle portion, a base, and a summit Each of these is formed by an assemblage of. numerous, extremely thin, osseous plates, curved into small and very fragile convolutions. These, elongated from above to below, become longer as they are more anterior; they are attached by their superior extremities to the transverse plate which separates the cranium from the nasal cavities, and by one of their borders to a thin leaf of b
RMRD5E3E–. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. ABNORMAL CONDITIONS OF THE KNEE-JOINT. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. 67. Femur displaced inwards. Patella anckyksed. elongated and was directed backwards. The crucial ligaments were also elongated, and instead of crossing each other were untwisted as it were and lay side by side. The carti- lages were altogether removed, and when the femur was forcibly separated from the tibia, there were corresponding elevations and de- pressions which marked the several points of contact between the bones, in which a species of anchylosis had occurr
RMRF2844–. Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker ... Reptiles, Fossil; Amphibians, Fossil. HASTODOXSAr/RlD^. 141 Some writers divide this group into the two suborders of Stereo- spondyli and Temnospondyli, according as to whether the vertebrae are fully or imperfectly ossified, but the presence of rhachitomous vertebras in the young of Mastodonsaurus seems to render such division inadvisable. Family MASTODONSAURID^E. Skull triangular, and more or less elongated, with the cranial bones very strongly sculptured, the occipital condyle
RMRFA35B–. Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) ... By Richard Lydekker ... Reptiles, Fossil; Amphibians, Fossil. HASTODOXSAr/RlD^. 141 Some writers divide this group into the two suborders of Stereo- spondyli and Temnospondyli, according as to whether the vertebrae are fully or imperfectly ossified, but the presence of rhachitomous vertebras in the young of Mastodonsaurus seems to render such division inadvisable. Family MASTODONSAURID^E. Skull triangular, and more or less elongated, with the cranial bones very strongly sculptured, the occipital condyle
RMRDGXT4–. A hand-book to the British mammalia. Mammals. M Lloyd's naIuraL history. which in this group it will be convenient to designate as the arm, and its extremities as fingers, it will be seen from the accompanying figure of the skeleton of the same that all the bones are characterised by their slenderness and elongation. The first finger, or thumb, remains, however, comparatively short, and is furnished with a well-developed claw; but the remaining four fingers are greatly elongated, so that the third, fourth, and fifth, which are devoid of any trace of a claw, are. Skeleton oi the Right Fore-li
RMRE54M4–. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 38 TBM BONES.. tuberosities placed on each side of the perpendiciilar lamina, and offering for study a middle portion, a base, and a summit. Bach of these is formed by an assemblage of numerous, extremely thin, osseous plates, curved into small and very fragile convolutions. These, elongated from above to below, become longer as they are more anterior; they are attached by their superior extremities to the transverse plate which separates the cranium from the nasal cavities, and by one of their borders to a thin leaf of
RMRE54F4–. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 92 THE BONES. Faces.—The external or superior face, studded with some muscular imprints, is excavated on both sides, and is named the external tliac /osssa. The internal or inferior face offers for study: 1, An external portion, smooth, and crossed by some vascular grooves; this is the iliac surface, which is replaced in Man by an excavation called the miirnal iliac fossa ; 2, An internal portion, roughened and uneven, presents, posteriorly, the auricular facet, an irregular diarthrodial surface, elongated from side to
RMRFT5JJ–. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. l'ROTOSTEGID^E. 197 Cope described and figured the humerus and some other limb bones. Case also added to our knowledge of the limbs; toWieland most of all we are indebted for their complete restora- tion. The materials furnishing his observations are in the Carnegie Museum, at Pittsburg. The scapula, with its procoracoid process, is a stout bone. The coracoid is so long that it reacht the pelvis. The humerus is greatly modified, resem- bling in some respects that of Dermochelys. The fingers are f elongated to form a great paddle for beating the
RMRE54E4–. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 104 TBE BONES. large cuneiform bone, between the calcaneus and two of the metatarsals, does not resemble a cube, but a parellelopiped elongated from before to bebind. It offers six faces: a superior, an articular face, and in contact v/ith the calcaneus; an inferior, also articular, responding to the principal and external rudimentary metatarsal bones; an internal, furnished with three facets for contact with the scaphoid and great cuneiform, and crossed from before to behind by a fissure, which forms with these two bon
RMREFF2R–. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 92 THE BONES. Faces,—The €a;ternal or superior face, studded with some muscular imprints, is excavated on both sides, and is named the external iliac fosssa. The internal or inferior face offers for study: 1, An external portion, smooth, and crossed by some vascular grooves; this is the iliac surface, which is replaced in Man by an excavation called the internal iliac fossa ; 2, An internal portion, roughened and uneven, presents, posteriorly, the auricular facet, an irregular diarthrodial surface, elongated from side t
RMRN7Y6W–. The anatomy of the frog. Frogs -- Anatomy; Amphibians -- Anatomy. 22 THE BONES AND JOINTS. direction of their floors. The outer circumference of the head forms a parabolic frame (Figs. lo and ii), composed of the maxillary (vi), premaxillary (?'), and quadratojugal bones (J). In the middle of this curved framework lies the elongated prismatic cranium. Anteriorly, this is attached to the fore-part of the frame by means of the cartilaginous skeleton of the organs of smell (Fig. ii/); posteriorly, it widens out into two transverse arms [p), which contain the organs of hearing. From this base, o
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