Installation Commissioning

Hughes Network Systems AiReach Broadband 9000
Installation and Commissioning

Training Course
1 Installation and Commissioning
HUGHES PROPRIETARY II
Course Outline
System Parameters Pre-Installation Workflow IFL Cable Outdoor Equipment Installation Indoor Equipment Installation Commissioning Antenna Pointing Link Testing Final Steps
System Parameters
HT Antenna
Antenna/ODU
Lightweight Rooftop:
on a pipe-style mast elevated above the rooftop and at the edge to minimize the possibility of obstruction from people, equipment operating in front of the antennas and to maximizes antenna look angle.
Tower
Co-located with cell phone antennas
Sectorization (90 Antenna)

Boresight Gain = 17 dBi H Plane or Azimuth 3dB Beam Width = 90 Minimum E Plane or Elevation 3dB Beam Width = 6 Minimum
RT Antenna
2 Types of RT antenna available
30 cm Antenna
Boresight gain = 35.3dBi (26GHz) = 36.3dBi (28GHz) 3dB Beam Width = 2.6 Nominal (26GHz) = 2.2 Nominal (28GHz)
60 cm Antenna
Boresight gain = 40.7dBi (26GHz) Boresight gain = 42dBi (28GHz) 3dB Beam Width = 1.4 Nominal (26GHz/28GHz)
Circular Waveguide Polarization determined by ODU orientation
RT Fixed Attenuators
Two choices of Fixed Attenuation Per Frequency Band
10 dB 20 dB
Installation guidelines based on radio signal strength (RSSI)

Entered at IDU LCT during RT commissioning
RSSI, dBm
< -45 -45 to -35 -35 to -25 > -25
Attenuator
None 10 dB 20 dB Too close to HT. Do not install RT.
RT Fixed Attenuators
Purpose of attenuator:
May need to be used when a PMP RT is very close in distance to the HT. RT amplifiers are not turned off when there are no bursts. When a RT has no modulated carrier, it is still transmitting noise This noise, if at a high enough level, could cause problems in the form of interference for other RT on the uplink. Reduce residual output noise when RT is not transmitting
Pre-Installation
Before Starting Installation

Site Survey Completed Proper TOOLS for Installation
List of tools in HNS Hub and Remote Installation manuals (HNS 1037296-0001 & 1037295-0001)
BOM (Bill of Materials) Generated by Network Planning

Identifies the complete list of equipment and material required to build a site Necessary to compare BOM against what is being picked up and delivered to sites
Typical Tools
Before Starting Installation (Cont.)

EPAK Generated by both Network and RF Planning (Engineering Package) Local codes or customer preferred practices Specifics for the ODU installation by mast as well as mast position Layout of IDU rack or cabinet wiring and cabling routes Equipment naming for hardware and cable identification with labels Site antenna orientation data: Azimuth, tilt, GPS coordinates, landmark and remote site bearings Provides site RF Planning Data: Expected RSSI, Expected Tx Power, Frequency assignments, need for Attenuator Provides Network Planning Data: IP Addressing, Subnet Mask, Air Interface IP Addressing
Workflow
Site Installation and Test Flow

Site Survey complete Install team unpacks and inventories equipment delivered based on EPAK
Site Design Engineering creates EPAK
Site Engineer and Install team reviews/verifies EPAK
Install IFL, lightning protection, terminate and sweep
Site Engineer and Install team coordinate equipment pick up and delivery to site based on access details
Install ODU, connect ground and IFL
Site Installation and Test Flow (cont.)

A
Install IDU, ODU, connect IFL, power, ground, and interface cables
Point HT antenna using offset method
HT or RT?
HT
Report MAC, download s/w, equipment configuration, commission
RT
B
Site Installation and Test Flow (cont.)

B RT antenna rough pointing C
Perform Final Site Cleanup
Power RT IDU and perform SUDS Perform air link BER test for installed RTs
Report ESN, download configuration and s/w and RT antenna fine pointing
Customer Site Acceptance

IFL Cable Installation and Measurement
IFL Cable Installation and Measurement

Installation
Install IFL cable Install Lightning Arrestor Install Connectors Always follow connector manufacturers instructions!
Cable Loss Measurement

Measure Cable Loss at IFL Frequencies
Tx: 2.122 GHz Rx: 1.114 GHz
Sweep cables for Distance to Fault and Return Loss Alternatively: use the manufacturers specifications
Cable Loss Measurement

Anritsu SiteMaster S331B (or better) or Bird SA-6000EX Precision Open/Load/Short - Recalibrate and save setups at the start of each site. Phase stable cable and RS232 data port cable Anritsu software to import sweeps on laptop (freeware from Anritsu) All sweeps should be recorded for future reference
Test Return Loss Cable Loss Distance-to-fault
Sweep Range 1094MHz 1134MHz 1094MHz 1134MHz 1084MHz 1144MHz

Table-1 Test vs sweep range
Cable type LMR-400 LDF4-50A FSJ1-50A
Loss@1114MHz .044dB/ft .0334dB/ft .063dB/ft
Loss@2122MHz .062dB/ft .0233dB/ft .09dB/ft
Velocity of Propagation .85 .88 .84
Table-2 Theoretical cable performance data

IFL Cable Loss

Entering an accurate cable loss is necessary to be sure that radio links perform and report properly RF Flow
IFL Cable Loss
Software Cable Loss Estimation

Purpose
To allow the HT/RT IDU software to estimate the cable losses using the ODU power detector
How it works
When the output power is >= 10dBm, feedback from the ODU power detector is used by the system When Tx power is >= 10dBm, the software can calculate the Cable Loss because:
TX attenuator setting is known ODU gain is known Output power is known Only the IFL cable loss is unknown
Software Cable Loss Estimation

The calculated Cable Loss is NOT used by the system. You need to reinstall the HT/RT with the calculated value if you want to use it. If there is more than 10dB difference between the calculated value and the value entered at installation, the IDU generates an alarm called Transmit Gain Fault
Outdoor Equipment Installation
Outdoor Equipment Installation - Summary

Install Mounting Bracket and Antenna on the pole HT:
Set Azimuth and Tilt
RT:
Rough Pointing
Install ODU Connect IFL Cable and Ground
Antennas
60cm Remote antenna 30cm Remote antenna
26GHz Hub antenna 90
HT Antenna, ODU and Bracket
RT Antenna, ODU and Bracket
Azimuth Adjustment
Azimuth Lock Bolts (4 total)
Turn two bolts to adjust azimuth Azimuth Lock Bolts (4 total)

Hub Alignment Determining Offset Angle & Pointing

Use GPS receiver to take reading at the Antenna mast. Store it in the receiver Locate a landmark in the sector coverage area and go there Use GPS receiver to take reading at the landmark. Store it in the receiver and use the receiver to calculate the heading Return to the Hub site and set the required offset on the pointing tool Adjust the bracket until the landmark is centered in the rifle scope Hub antenna should be pointed to within 1 of center!
Hub Alignment Determining Offset Angle
Hub Alignment Using the Antenna Alignment Tool
Tilt Adjustment
Tilt Adjustment Bolt
Tilt Lock Bolts (2 total)
Hub Alignment Use Inclinometer to Set Tilt

Position the inclinometer on the back of the bracket and slowly adjust the tilt
Proper tilt is necessary for HT antenna as per the planning data so that the proper coverage is provided to all RTs
RT - Boresight Alignment (Rough Pointing)

Purpose: to roughly point the RT antenna at the correct HT antenna Two methods to point RT Antenna:
BEST: Use Hub Alignment tool set at 0 offset. This allows very precise visual alignment and reduces time required for fine pointing Alternate: Use boresight drilled in RT Antenna bracket. Not very precise, difficult to find HT antenna
RT - Boresight Alignment
Built in boresight
RT - Boresight Eye Alignment (Rough Pointing)
In this example, move the eye upward.
Now continue to adjust tilt.
In this example, move the eye to the right.
Now continue to adjust azimuth.
In this example, move the eye downward.
Now continue to adjust tilt.
In this example, move the eye to the left.
Now continue to adjust azimuth.
RT - Boresight Target Alignment (Rough Pointing)
Adjust the tilt so the boresight moves up.
Adjust the tilt so the boresight moves down.
Tilt adjusted.
Adjust the azimuth so the boresight moves left.

Adjust the azimuth so the boresight moves right.

Azimuth adjusted.
Narrow Beam Antenna Attenuator
Attenuator Colors 10 dB: Green Dot & White Dot 20 dB: 2 Green Dots
RSSI, dBm
< -45 -45 to -35 -35 to -25 > -25
Attenuator
None 10 dB 20 dB Too close to HT. Do not install RT.
ODU - Transceiver
ODU Label Part # 103xxxx-xxxx Serial Number Revision Part # determines Frequency, Band, and RT versus HT Example: (Compare P/N against BOM) 1030927-0001 = ETSI 26 GHz ODU A-Band HT 1030927-0002 = ETSI 26 GHz ODU B-Band HT 1030927-0005 = ETSI 26 GHz ODU A-Band RT 1030927-0006 = ETSI 26 GHz ODU B-Band RT
ODU - Transceiver
Ground connection Mounting bolts (4)
Antenna waveguide interface
IFL Connector
Pointing voltage port (for HT ODU this port is used in PTP application only)
9800 ODU to RT & 90 HT Antenna
Connecting IFL and Ground to ODU
9400R 26 GHz or 28 GHz ODU
IFL
TNC connector
Ground wire
Type F connector for attaching DVM

T0009201
AB9800 Hub Terminal Typical Site
AB9800 RT Terminal Typical Site
Indoor Equipment Installation
9800 HT IDU Chassis Non-Service Interfaces

Ground Lugs Maintenance (LCT) Serial RJ12
DC Power Input
Network Management 10BaseT LAN Backup Path RS-422 (USB connector) IFL (N type connector)
Contact Closure (1 output, 3 inputs)
IDU Rack Mounting Brackets & Clearances

Rack
Mounting Bracket Options - 19 Rack - ETSI Rack
ETSI standard rack (with IDU connectors facing front of rack)
T0009214
Cooling fan and ventilation clearances 40mm Minimum 80mm Recommended
DC Power Supply - Terminal Block

Voltage: +/- 24 VDC or +/- 48 VDC Current: 7.5 amp max (24 VDC) 5 amp max (48 VDC)
Socket
Tabs for locking and releasing wires
Wire entry holes. Insert wires here.
A+ AB+ B-
AA+ BB+
Terminal block, close-up view Terminal block

T0009221
Connecting IFL
Connect the IFL cable before applying power to the IDU Torque the connector about a quarter turn
IFL interface
IDU
T0009203
IFL 90 TNC connector
HT Commissioning
HT Commissioning Sequence
EMS must be installed and functional with operational connection to Hub Site Power up HT equipment Startup Diagnostics (SUDS) Access Install Mode Record Information Exit Install Mode Boot Sequence Check status
Prerequisites for HT Commissioning

The EMS hardware and software is installed and operational The EMS database is loaded and operational A backhaul or NM connection is operational between Hub Terminals and the EMS All IDUs and ODUs are installed, and all cables are connected. HT sectors can not be fully tested until at least 1 RT is ready for operation.
Commissioning LCT
Menu options can be accessed by use of the IDU LCT (Local Craft Terminal) port Serial cable required:
RJ45 or RJ12 to DB-9F
Power On Self Test

Turn on the IDUs one at a time only when you are ready to start commissioning that unit Wait for Power On Self Test (called SUDS) to complete
If you have LCT, wait no more than 2 minutes for SUDS to complete LED should flash as SUDS runs. There is no display on the LCT during SUDS. If SUDS fails (or IDU does not respond to LCT), replace the IDU
HT IDU Menus
Install Menu Set EMS Port EMS Port Info E1 Port Loopback IFL Cable GotoPTP MAC ESN Interface Option Contact closure Exit EMS LAN EMS E1 EMS ATM PVC
Boot Menu Install MAC ESN Interface Option Contact closure EMS Port Info E1 Port Loopback PTP Install Exit
Setup Loopback E1 Port Protocol Framing type Clocking LBO Loopback
Cable Type/Loss
Note: actual menu LCT menu contents may be different per software release.
Gather Information for EMS

If the IDU is not in Install Mode, select the menu item to place it in Install Mode wait for the IDU to reboot Using the install menu, record the following information:
MAC address Interface Option
Report this information to the EMS
Set the Management Port

Select the port on which the NM traffic will arrive This information must be provided by the planner The default is LAN port If ATM is selected, you must enter ATM PVC information If E1 Port is selected, you must enter E1 port configuration including the number of timeslots
Enter Cable Loss

Use the IFL Cable loss menu to enter cable loss Cable loss can be entered in two ways:
BEST Method: Enter actual measured values in 10ths of dbs. For example; if you measured 10.2db of cable loss, you will enter 102 on the LCT Alternative Method 1: Calculate the cable loss from the cable length and manufacturers specifications for the cable at 2.122 GHz (TX) and 1.114 GHz (RX) Alternative Method 2: Enter cable type and cable length using the pre-configured cable type in the LCT menu
Exit Install Mode

Exit Install Mode Wait for HT to receive boot reply from EMS HT should become operational within 2-10 minutes. Time to become operation varies:
Speed of connection between EMS and HT If software has to be downloaded Size of configuration data
Look at the LCT Status menus and LED indicators to determine HT status HT status should be either:
Enabled OK everything is OK and HT is transmitting Enabled Degraded HT is OK but a port has a problem
9800 LED Indicator
LED Status: Normal flashing green operational and carrying user traffic. Normal flashing orange degraded status with one or more interface ports failed Normal flashing red Failed, due to all user interface ports failed Slow flashing red - Failed, due to air interface failure or ODU failure Solid, Green, orange or red Failed due to processor being hung up
RT Commissioning
Commissioning Sequence
HT (Hub Site) commissioning must be complete Power up RT equipment Startup Diagnostics (SUDS) Access Install Mode Initialize IDU Point antenna Exit Install Mode Boot Sequence Check status BER testing
Prerequisites for RT Commissioning

HT is operational and transmitting All IDUs and ODUs are installed, and all cables are connected.
Power On Self Test

Turn on the IDUs one at a time only when you are ready to start commissioning that unit Wait for Power On Self Test (called SUDS) to complete
If you have LCT, wait no more than 2 minutes for SUDS to complete LED should flash as SUDS runs. There is no display on the LCT during SUDS. If SUDS fails (or IDU does not respond to LCT), replace the IDU
RT IDU Menus
Boot Menu
Install Menu IFL Cable/Freq GotoPTP MAC ESN Interface Option Contact closure Exit Cable Type/Loss HT Frequency
Install MAC ESN Interface Option Contact closure EMS Port Info E1 Port Loopback PTP Install Exit
Note: actual menu LCT menu contents may be different per software release.
Gather Information for EMS

If the IDU is not in Install Mode, select the menu item to place it in Install Mode wait for the IDU to reboot Using the menu, record the following information:
ESN Interface Option
Report this information to the EMS
Enter Cable Loss, Channel & Acquire

Select the IFL Cable/Freq menu item Cable loss can be entered in two ways:
BEST Method: Enter actual measured values in 10ths of dbs. For example; if you measured 10.2db of cable loss, you will enter 102 on the LCT Alternative Method 1: Calculate the cable loss from the cable length and manufacturers specifications for the cable at 2.122 GHz (TX) and 1.114 GHz (RX) Alternative Method 2: Enter cable type and cable length using the preconfigured cable type in the LCT menu
Select the Channel Bandwidth Select the Channel Number from the list Wait for the RT to:
Tune the Frequency Perform Ranging (timing) Show Acq Ack HT acknowledges RT acquisition
DO NOT PRESS ENTER YET!!!

If you press enter you will have to start over because the pointing voltage may turn off
Antenna Fine Pointing

ODU pointing voltage is now turned on Connect the Digital Voltmeter Always adjust the azimuth first making sure that you examine the pointing voltage on both sides of each peak to determine which is the main lobe Adjust the tilt or elevation making sure that you examine the pointing voltage on both sides of each peak to determine which is the main lobe, side lobes have lower voltage than main lobe
Connecting DVM For Fine Pointing
9400R 26 GHz or 28 GHz ODU
IFL
TNC connector
Ground wire
Type F connector for attaching DVM

T0009201
Antenna Fine Pointing
HT
Pointing (cont.)
The voltage will peak when on the main lobe
HT
Adjust the azimuth or tilt slowly across the HT beam
RT Pointing Voltage Indications

Peak multimeter reading Current voltage level with oscillation up to 5.0 V (The reading intermittently peaks at the current voltage level for 2 seconds and then rises to 5.0 V for 1 second.) 0.2 V to 4.8 V with no oscillation Indication HT not acquired Corrective action HT acquisition has not occurred. Continue pointing the antenna.
Correct HT acquired
Continue with the installation. (Corrective action is not required.) RT has been denied acquisition because it is pointing toward the wrong HT. Follow the instructions in Repointing the RT antenna on page 119 before proceeding. or RT may not be configured in the HT database. Ask EMS operator to make sure it is.
Current voltage level with oscillation to 0V. (The reading intermittently peaks at the current voltage level for 2 seconds and then drops to 0 V for 1 second.)
Wrong HT acquired
Exit Install Mode

Go downstairs PRESS ENTER NOW! Exit Install Mode Wait for RT to receive boot reply from HT RT should become operational within 2-5 minutes. Time to become operational varies:
If software has to be downloaded Size of configuration data
Look at the LCT Status menus and LED indicators to determine RT status RT status should be either:
Enabled OK everything is OK and HT is transmitting Enabled Degraded RT is OK but a port has a problem
9800 LED Indicator
LED Status: Normal flashing green operational and carrying user traffic. Normal flashing orange degraded status with one or more interface ports failed Normal flashing red Failed, due to all user interface ports failed Slow flashing red - Failed, due to air interface failure or ODU failure Solid, Green, orange or red Failed due to processor being hung up
Verify Link Performance

Use the LCT Status Menu to display
Downlink RSSI: The power level that the RT is receiving from the HT RT TX power
Compare the actual value to the value from the network planners (EPAK) Approx +/- 2-3dB of variance is acceptable If actual value (in clear sky) is more than +/- 2-3db:
Check IFL cable quality Check pointing
Verify that the post-FEC Sync and Frame errors on the air link are 0 in both the uplink and downlink directions
If there are errors then check SQI: low SQI means poor signal due to interference or poor installation
Verify Link Performance

Current Alarms
Check the current alarms on the LCT Status menu to verify that there are no service effecting issues (such as excess BER)
ODU Statistics Failure Counts

If there are consistently incrementing failure counts on the ODU Statistics menu, this could be an indication of an IFL cable problem There may be some non-zero error values displayed:
If the non-zero values are incrementing over time, there is probably an issue with the IFL cable, IFL connectors or possibly the ODU or IDU. Carefully check the IFL cable first. If there are non-zero values but they do not change over time, this is ok. These non-zero values are from the IDU/ODU startup.
Link Testing
Link BER Testing

Performing a BER test at service ports proves:
Functionality of the hardware Quality of the installation e.g. antenna pointing
An E1 is the best way to perform a Link BER Test

Synchronous interface Tests HT clock input accuracy
Air Link BER Test Sequence

EMS operator creates an E1 circuit between HT and RT Loopback is performed at either the RT E1 port or HT E1 port (usually at RT side) Connect E1 BER test set Perform circuit test to verify hardware and air link
Test time depends on link design Link BER Spec
IMPORTANT - On the BERT:

Framing & clocking to match test circuit Ground the BERT to the IDU
QRSS (2E20-1 Pseudo-random test pattern)
Hard or soft loopback

E1 Test Circuit
Final Steps
Finals Steps
Verify outdoor connections are weatherproofed Are all openings closed? e.g. Hatch Plates, Cabinet doors Cleanup and Customer QA inspection Connect customer equipment per EPAK End to End testing/integration (customer specified) Customer site acceptance and signoff
Appendix A
Interface Cables
DC Power and Ground Wire

IDU
Composition Wire cross-sectional area Rated gauge Solid or stranded 0.2 to 2.5 mm2 12 to 24 AWG (2.053 to 0.511 mm)
ODU
Rated gauge 6AWG (10mm) or greater
E1 Cable E1 Connector
LAN Connector
LCT Cable Pinouts

Serial RS-232 Cable Use RJ12 or RJ45 connector Connect ONLY three wires shown below
Use a 4-wire cable If a 6 or 8 wire is used, cut off unused wires as close to the modular plug (IDU side) as possible
Cable for most laptops w/ DB-9 (DB-25 uses pin 7 for GND)
Contact Closure Connector Cable

IDU Connector is a DB-9F Cable Connector is DB-9M There are three inputs and one output Alarm condition is defined on the EMS
Signal Name ALM4-NO ALM4-NC ALM3-IN ALM2-IN ALM1-IN ALM4-COMMON ALM3-FEED ALM2-FEED ALM1-FEED Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Description Alarm #4 Normally Open Contact Alarm #4 Normally Closed Contact Alarm #3 Input Return Alarm #2 Input Return Alarm #1 Input Return Alarm #4 Common Contact Alarm #3 Voltage Feed Alarm #2 Voltage Feed Alarm #1 Voltage Feed

Installation Commissioning

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Installation Commissioning

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Hughes Network Systems AiReach Broadband 9000

Installation and Commissioning

1 Installation and Commissioning

2 Installation and Commissioning

3 Installation and Commissioning

Sectorization (90 Antenna)

4 Installation and Commissioning

Circular Waveguide Polarization determined by ODU orientation

5 Installation and Commissioning

Installation guidelines based on radio signal strength (RSSI)

6 Installation and Commissioning

7 Installation and Commissioning

8 Installation and Commissioning

Before Starting Installation

BOM (Bill of Materials) Generated by Network Planning

9 Installation and Commissioning

10 Installation and Commissioning

Before Starting Installation (Cont.)

11 Installation and Commissioning

12 Installation and Commissioning

Site Installation and Test Flow

Site Design Engineering creates EPAK

Site Engineer and Install team reviews/verifies EPAK

Install IFL, lightning protection, terminate and sweep

Install ODU, connect ground and IFL

13 Installation and Commissioning

Site Installation and Test Flow (cont.)

Point HT antenna using offset method

Report MAC, download s/w, equipment configuration, commission

Site Installation and Test Flow (cont.)

Perform Final Site Cleanup

Customer Site Acceptance

15 Installation and Commissioning

IFL Cable Installation and Measurement

16 Installation and Commissioning

IFL Cable Installation and Measurement

Cable Loss Measurement

17 Installation and Commissioning

Cable Loss Measurement

Test Return Loss Cable Loss Distance-to-fault

Sweep Range 1094MHz 1134MHz 1094MHz 1134MHz 1084MHz 1144MHz

Cable type LMR-400 LDF4-50A FSJ1-50A

Loss@1114MHz .044dB/ft .0334dB/ft .063dB/ft

Loss@2122MHz .062dB/ft .0233dB/ft .09dB/ft

Velocity of Propagation .85 .88 .84

Table-2 Theoretical cable performance data

IFL Cable Loss

19 Installation and Commissioning

IFL Cable Loss

20 Installation and Commissioning

Software Cable Loss Estimation

21 Installation and Commissioning

Software Cable Loss Estimation

22 Installation and Commissioning

Outdoor Equipment Installation

23 Installation and Commissioning

Outdoor Equipment Installation - Summary

Install ODU Connect IFL Cable and Ground

24 Installation and Commissioning

26GHz Hub antenna 90

25 Installation and Commissioning

HT Antenna, ODU and Bracket

26 Installation and Commissioning