Seneca Language Teachers Dictionary Phyllis E. Wms. Bardeau PDF

ONONDOWArGA:'
GAWE:NO'
SENECA
LANGUAGE
TEACHER'S
DICTIONARY
--
-- by
- Phyllis E. Wms. Bardeau
Seneca Nation Education Department

Cattaraugus Territory
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- This publication was made possible through the Education Department,
-- funded by the SNI Seneca Language Program
©2007
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- ONONDOWA,GA:, GAWE:NQ,
SENECA LANGUAGE TEACHER'S

DICTIONARY
Copyright 2007
Seneca Nation
-
All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright here on may be
· reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, except for the inclusion of brief
quotations in a review, without written permission from the Cattaraugus Education
Department and the Seneca Nation. No part of this work is to be appropriated with intent
to adapt and/or alter as one's own professional linguistic work.
First Printing, December, 2007
-
Additional copies of this book are available through the
-- Seneca Nation Cattaraugus Education Department
12861 Rt. 438; Irving, NY 14081

(716) 532-4900
(716) 532-3341
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Acknowledgements
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NYAWEH
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To:
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* to Education Director, Carrie Peterson, who understands the critical importance
of Seneca language preservation through various mediums; b:v enabling the Research
Component's concentrated 20 month effort for this particular Jrk.
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* to visiting members of the Seneca Language Elder' s Forum w, � provided guidance
relating to classroom appropriate entries.
* to Gerri Green and Barry White for lengthy 'cultural' discussio s and clarifications.
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* to 'Sully' Huff for sports, fishing, and Ironworker's vocabulary:
* to Edgar Lay for sharing nearly lost, rarely used 'old' Seneca we :s.
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* to Eddy Schindler for his consul and advice regarding a more efl �tive
presentation.
* to Don Quigley for lending me historical research materials.
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* and to Larry Wheeler, Melissa Schindler, and Jessica Huff who st: cd close to me
through this whole process, and often lending technical support.
* and to all others who have voiced a heartfelt 'ja:goh" throughout tl "journey. - -
In memory:
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* my Jimerson family, grandma Carrie, mother Dorothy, aunt Delor, and uncle Eli
who gave me Seneca as my first language.
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* Gayanogwad
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INTRODUCTION
By Phyllis Bardeau
The language of the Senecas, Ononciawa'ga:' Gawe:no', like all other tribal languages was
typically oral. The language was perpetuated through usage in communication from
generation to the next generation. The ancient language has endured countless thousands
of years of social history. It had maintained its patterns of sound, syntax, and meaning.
Through the process of communication orally, perpetuation of the native language
through living and doing was ensured. In spite of our peoples' socio-historical interaction
with other tribes, the languages, dialects, and cultural mores were purely native.
Five hundreds years ago, our history wi1nessed the arrival of the Europeans, bringing
with them a foreign culture. Their intent to stay and colonize brought about monumental
changes. The influence of the foreign element through its different language, and
philosophy did much to bring about cultural change among tribal peoples on Turtle
- Island.
- Tribal nations recognized a need to leani English for commerce and negotiation. The
European philosophy dictated conquest and colonization which forced cultural change
within the native population. The chaos resulted in divisions in native philosophy and
belief, some adopted, some adapted, some resisted. Native life was changing.
The extent of the ensuing cultural upheaval infiltrated into our tribal language
maintenance through oral communication. Living and doing was no longer the norm. In
time, many ancient words necessary to convey the symbolism of extraordinary cultural
concepts of the native believe system became lost through the adoption of Christian
-. terminology. The downward spiraling effect in the general use of the language in daily
communication among us as tribal peoples today, is a glaring testament of the detriment
and loss.
- Language is key in any culture; in time some Europeans learned our language, and some
of us learned theirs. Language had become very important for communication and
interaction, commerce, and peace agreements. While our tribal words were generally
'communal' and spiritually based, the language of the immigrants was of 'self and based
on manifest destiny. An orally perpetuated language has been detoured
..... by a systematic plan to permanently obliterate our culture through the diminishm.ent of
our tribal language. A non-native language speaking society does not allow 'living and
doing' opportunities for meaningful interaction in the language of its birthright.
The picture of the tribal socio-history has changed. It is now intermixed with the new
culture. The importance to eradicate the native languages has reaped the intended results
as more and more tribal languages become moribund. We have wi1nessed a tearful elder
say she/he is the last remaining speaker of her/his nation's language. At language
conference after language conference, we hear the life of tribal languages measured in
terms of years, one and two digit years.
-
The Senecas, in legion with native peoples everywhere recognize the near extinction of --
tribal languages. Through much time and tribulations, the past 30 years plus has seen
many changes in the mainstreaming-at-all-cost attitude. There has been federal financial
aid to assist in the reversal of native language loss, educational systems have reacted
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favorably to language courses in their curriculums, native communities have organized
and planned strategies to save and expand use of language from still available resources.
As long as there are Seneca speaking elders to help with known words and their literal
and cultural meanings, correct pronunciations and intonations, the efforts of mentors,
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teachers, language and curriculum developers, and writers will continue. There are still
pockets of native speech communities where social and cultural activities exist. Elders --
are often enlisted to translate and interpret specific Seneca words of the spiritual kind.
These words are often "cultural emblems" with social and cultural meaning which
preserve the experience of activity. As a cautionary observation, the word 'social' of today
--
gives new meaning to the word social of yesterday; the difference being the former is
seen as short term, for the moment; and the latter as long term, as a way of life. --
Elder speakers of native languages lament the new generation's growing disconnection to
their cultural inheritance through language. Today, the key to the perpetuation of native
language is INTEREST. The babies and small children are interested; everything is new --
to them. The elders are interested, its comfort to them. So who's left?! Teens and
parents ...teens are into their own world around them, parents are involved with survival.
Babies can listen, and small children can talk to the elders, but, sadly, not for long.
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The life of Seneca language is measured in descending years, ten and counting ..... .
We have a dilemma. Do we say 'we HAVE our language' or 'we HAD a language' ? - -
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Resources
Allegany Oxbow, History of Allegany Reserve and State Park,
by Charles C. Congdon, 1967
Chain breaker, Revolutionary Memoirs of Gov. Blacksnake; by Ben.Williams
Com planter , Chief Warrior of Allegany Senecas; by T.S. Abler, 2007
- Encyclopedia of the Haudenosaunee,
-
- edited by B.E.Johansen and B.A. Mann, 2000
Iroquois Creation Story, Myth of the Earth Grasper, by J.C. Mohawk, 2005
Land of the Senecas, by A. Merrill, 1 st printing 1949
--
- Ne•HoNiyo•De:NcY; That'sWhat itWas; by A. Austin, 1988
Onondowa•ga:' Gawe:no', New Reference Edition, by P.E. Bardeau, 2002
· Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, Seneca Morphology and Dictionary,
ByW. Chafe, 1967
-
- The Death and Rebirth of the Seneca, by A.F.C. Wallace, 1970
.Wisdom Keepers, by S. Hall and H. Arden, 1990
- Other Research materials:

Cultural Awareness Orientation Journal, by B. White and R. Hill
- Handbook of Seneca Language, byW. Chafe
- Haudenosaunee Runner, Vol. 3; No. 2, 2002
Seneca Iroquois National Museum Data Sheets, Allegany Territory
*** Author's Comments***

....... I have tried very hard to include as much language as possible as I know it, and as
much information related to the words as I have heard it down through many decades of
-- my life among my Seneca speaking family and Cold Spring community. I don't claim to
know everything, I can attest to the fact that learning is a life long process, I have learned
a lot from others in the 20 months of compiling this publication, and there is so much
more language out -there. I know there are geographic differences in word pronunciation
and meaning, even in particular areas within a community at large. My focus is on
"putting the language out there" as I know it, while I still remember it.
- Phyllis Bardeau
Explanatory Chart
Snow Snake - gawa:sa'

II English Entry I I Glottal stop (') I
I
Snow Snake - gawa:sa'

Seneca Entry I
Chickadees - See: Dish Bowl Game
I I Cross Reference
Birthday - Lit. 1 cycle
I I Literal Meaning
Aimless - gwa'ti:we's
I
Consonant Syllable
I I I I Colon(:)
1· I I
Ahead - oehdosho'
I Double Vowel
I I II (sh) Syllable
I I I
Amount (total) - ni:yoh
Interpretation
l I
Gawa:sa' (gaw-waw-sawh!)
I
Phonetics I I
Stress ( h!)
I
I
Ahead - oehdosho'
Aspirated (h)
..._____---r---____.l
I I
Carry-out-the-kettle ... [Lit.] Cultural Tip
.._______---.JI
Cultural Tip
Oral Tradition
....-------.1
Brother sun - .... [Lit.] Oral Tradition
I
I
(g) Sound I Air plane - dega:dehs
I
I
Connecting Particle
Although-ne'-gwa-neh {C-P}
I l
Arise (you) - satgeh
Pronoun
I
[ Anatomy I Cheek (Anat.)
I
I
I Dog Tooth Violet{�oL}
I I
1
Botanjr
Vowel Syllable
I Snow Snake - gawa:sa'
I
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Explanatory Notes
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This publication Onondowa 1 ga: 1 Gawe:no1 The Seneca Language Teacher's
Dictionary is designed as a dictionary (entries A to Z), rather than by topic as it has been
--
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done in past reference books. It is hoped that as a dictionary it would be more 'user
friendly', and more efficient as a resource.
-
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Entries: Entries are listed ENGLISH to SENECA
ENGLISH- the light-faced type of each entry serve as guide-words to --
introduce the main Seneca entry.
-
* These guide-words are alphabetized A to Z
-
*The guide-words serve as an initial translation or equivalent
meaning of the Seneca entry
--
SENECA- the main entry is in bold-faced type to show its prominence.
*The Seneca entries are written in the standardized system of
-
-
orthography developed in mid-1980 by Seneca teachers.
*The Seneca entries are spelled using English letter symbols which
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have been borrowed for their familiarity.
Orthography: Seneca orthography utilizes 16 English letter symbols :
a; d; e; g; h; i;j; k; n; o; s; t; u; w; y; z.
{ 11 consonants: d; g; h; j; k; n; s; t; w; y; z }
--
-
{ 5 vowels: a; e; i; o; u } plus { a; e; o }
The sounds of Seneca utilizes only the letter symbols listed. --
CONSONANTS- are pronounced as they are in English except for the letter
( g ). This letter is always pronounced as g in girl, glad, golf, green
--
VOWELS - vowel sounds never detract from their assigned pronunciation: -
Symbol English sample Seneca sample
a ......as in .....father.......as in .......akso:d
-
-
e ......as in .....they .........as in........neh
i...... as in.....ski..........as in........di1 di1 --
o . .....as in .....old ..........as in ........koh
--
-
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u......as in .....cute .........as in........nu'uh
a ......as in.....at. ...........as in ........ji:yah
e ......as in .....end .........as in ........e:h
- o.....as in .....on........... as in.......soh
- The ample use of nasalized vowel sounds throughout the Seneca

vocabulary give it the uniqueness of speech.
The three specific vowel sounds { a; e; o } have been designated
-- to represent the nasalized vowels in written Seneca, to differentiate
their appearance from the { a; e; o }symbols for reading and
-.. writing purposes.
DOUBLE VOWELS - the double vowels, and in some words triple vowels
- appear in Seneca words. The only requirement is to pronounce

each vowel separately. Some samples of double vowels:
- soeh; haihda,ah, daodia'teoje'
-- STRESSES -The Six Nations' lang�ages share a common speech rhythm in
the use of three speech indicators, glottal stop (') and colon( : ),
and the softer aspired sound of the letter (h).
- These symbols make the difference in meaning in the spoken

Seneca word. These symbols serve as directives in reading and in
pronouncing Seneca words as seen in the following example:
gaya'da' - doll; gaya·da:' - picture; gaya:da' - thigh
- * The glottal stop symbol indicates an abrupt stop, it appears at the
a:; e'; o').It is very important
- end of vowels, only, (a'; e'; i'; o', u';
to learn to detect this sound in spoken Seneca, likewise it is also
-. important to voice this sound when speaking Seneca. This sound is
heard in the English words 'bottle' and oh oh'.
* The colon symbol indicates a lengthening; it appears at the end of
- vowels, only, (a:; e:; i:; o:; u:; a:; e:; o:; ). It is very important to
learn to detect this sound in spoken Seneca, it is also important to
voice this sound when speaking Seneca. This sound is heard in the
- English words 'day' and 'only'.
-
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* The letter h functions as a soft accent, an aspired sound as heard
in the words'him', 'high'; 'her'. The h appears within the Seneca
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word following a vowel i.e. ahdahgwa'. It also follows the letter's'
in 'sh-' syllable combinations.
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* The sh- syllable combination is NOT pronounced as the English
word 'she', or 'shoe'. The' s' is sounded separate from the aspired -
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sound of h, as in: sssssss-hot
Pronunciation: *Seneca entry pronunciation is within the parentheses ( )
*Pronunciation of the Seneca is entered phonetically by syllables.
--
*Multiple syllables are hyphenated ( - - - ). -
.,_,
1.e. Stretched- deyodi:yo:n (day-yoh-dee-yonh-n)
* The phonetics follow the sounds of the English alphabet. --
*Words which have a glottal stop is indicated with an ( h! ).
i.e finger nail - o•ehda' (oh!-ayh-dawh!).
--
*Words which have the ( a ) letter does not change.
i.e. dog - ji:yah Gee-yah)
--
*Words which have the ( e ) and ( o ) sound is shown as: -
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i.e. creek- geho:de' (genh-honh-dayh!)
*Words which end ( on ) or ( o:n ) is shown as: -
._
Rattle snake- ohsigweon ( oh-see-gwenh-ohn)
Abreviations: This publication uses the following abbreviated definitions:
--
* [Lit.]
*(Anat.)
- Literal meaning
- Anatomy
-
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* (Bot.) - Botany
* { C-P} - Connecting Particle (s) --
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Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 1
ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:N6•
A
A a - 1st letter of the Seneca alphabet
- 1st Seneca vowel pronounced as: ah, awful, father.

A a - 6th Seneca vowel pronounced as: at, cat, hat.
A few- dohga:ah ( doh-gaw-awh).
Aha!- da:ah (daaw); { old expression }
A little- niyo:h (nee-yonh).
A lot - odoho:do 1 (oh-donh-honh-donh!).
A particular day- wenishade1 (wenh-nees-hah-dayh!).
A particular night- wahsondade 1 (wawh-sonh-daw-dayh!).
- Abandoned-watga1weh (waw-tgaw!-wenh); [Lit. its been let go].

Abandoned (I) - ho•gatga1 (hoh!-gaw-tgawh!); [Lit. I let it go].
Abandoning- watga1was (wawt-gaw!-was); [Lit. it lets go].
Abetting- oja1dage:heh (oh-jaw!-daw-gay-henh); [Lit. it is helping].
Abetting (I'm) - agaja•dage:heh (ah-gaw-jawh!-daw-gay-henh); [Lit. I'm helping].
Abdomen (Anat.)- oshe:wa1 (ohs-hay-wawh!).
- Abiding- degai:waga:ne: 1 (day-guy-wawh-gaw- nayh); [Lit.its watching the

word].
Abiding (I'm)- degi:waga:ne: 1 (day-gee-wawh-gaw-nayh!); [Lit.I watch the word].
- Ability- ogwe:nye:d (oh-gwenh- nyed); [Lit. it can be done].
Ablaze- gaje:iyo:h (gah-jeh-ee-yoh); [Lit. good fire].
Able- ogwe:nyo:h (oh-gway-nyonh); [Lit. can do].
-- Able bodied-oya1da:niyoh (oh-yaw!-daw-nee-yonh); [Lit. its sturdy body].
Ably- ogwenyo:je 1 (oh-gway-nyonh-jay!); [Lit. its progressing along].
Abnormal- de 1 tgayei: 1 (day!-tgawh-yay-eeh!); [Lit. its not right].
Abolished - gaihwahdo 1doh (guy-wawh-donh!-donh); [Lit. word/issue is erased].
- Abolished- wahdo1doh (wawh-donh!-donh); [Lit. it has been wiped out; erased].
Abolished (I - it) - 0 1 gi:wahdo 1 t (oh!-gee-wawh-donh!-t); [Lit. I erased it].
Aborigine- Ogwe•oweh (onh-gway!-onh-wayh); [Lit. Real People].
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary
ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:Nb•
2
--
original race of inhabitants upon Turtle Island.
-
...
Aborted (at 1st sign of pregnancy) - gawi:nya1goh (gaw-wee-nyah!-gonh); [Lit.
cut off the embryo].
--
Abortion - sgayageoh (sgawh-yaw-genh-onh); [Lit.its been taken out]. --
About -ho 1 geo:je 1 (ho!-genh-onh-jay!); [Lit. about to that point].
-
About time!-wa:eh nah! (waw-eeh--nawh). {C-P}
Above- he 1tge:gwa:h (hay!-tgenh-gwawh); [Lit.toward the top].
--
Above- he 1tgeh (hay!-tgenh); [Lit.top].
Abrasion- 0 1dwaje:se:1 (oh!-dwaw-jenh-sayh!); [Lit. it became skinned].
--
Abrasive- o:ded (oh-dayd); [Lit. its rough].
Abrupt - jegwah-sho:h (ienh-gwah-shonh); [Lit. just at once] {C-P}
--
Abscess - otgehsyoni:h (oh-tgenh-shonh-neeh); [Lit. its decaying].
Absence- de 1sga:tga 1hoh (dayh!-sgaw-tgah!-hoh); [Lit. its nowhere to be found].
--
Absent - de1we1s (dayh!-wayh!-s); [Lit. it is nowhere around here].
Absent-minded (he is)- ho•nigo:hesgo:h (hoh!-nee-gonh-henhs-gonh); [Lit. his
-
,_
mind tends to forget].
Absent-minded (I'm) - aknigo:hesgo:h (ah-knee-gonh-henhs-gonh); [Lit. I forget]. -
Absolutely!- agwas doges! ( ah-gwahs-doh-gays); [Lit. for sure its true!]. {C-P}
Absorb - de:gak (denh-gawk); [Lit.it will pick up]. ---
Absorbent- dega:nehgahgwa1 (day-gawh-nay-gawh-gwa!); [Lit. it picks up
water].
--
Abstain- senoh nehsye:h (senh-nonh--nenh-shay); [Lit. don't do it].
Absurd- do1oiwa1geh (doh!-oh-eeh-wawh!-gayh); [Lit. its a non-issue]. -
Abundant- gano:ge• ( gaw-nonh-gayh!); [Lit. it can be found everywhere].
Abundantly- odohondo:je 1 (oh-donh-honh-donh-jayh!); [Lit. a lot of it]. -
Abuse- ganohgo:ndahsha1 (gaw-nonh-gohn-dawh-shah!); [Lit. by cruel means].
Abused- ganohgo:n (gaw-nonh-gohn); [ Lit.it was treated cruelly].
--
Abusive- ganohgo:nta1 (gaw-nonh-gohn-taw!); [Lit. it treats it cruelly].
Abut- deyo:dehkeh (day-yoh-day-kenh); [Lit.its next to ..].
-
--
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Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on --
-
-
ONONDOWA·GA:· GAWE:NO·
Accelerate (you)- dese 1sai:yat (day-sayh!-saw-eeh-yat); [Lit. you speed it up].

Accelerated- ho 1jo 1 sai:yeh (ho!-joh!-saw-eeh-enh); [it speeded up].
Accepted (generally) - ga:gweh (gaw-gwenh); [Lit. it is taken].
Accepted (I) - ho 1ge:go 1 (hoh!-gay-goh!); [Lit. I took it].
Accepted (word)- gai:wahgweh (guy-wah-gwenh); [Lit. the word is taken].
Accessibility- ogwe:nyo:h hegahgwe:og (oh-gway-nyonh--henh-gaw-gwenh-
ong); [Lit. it can be gotten].
- Accident- odiwahjeosha1 (oh-dee-wah-jay-onh-shah!); [Lit. a mishap].
- Accidental - 0 1wahdiwahjeo 1 (oh!-wah-dee-wah-jay-onh!); [Lit. a mishap

happened].
Accidently- wo 1oye 1hik (woh!-oh-yenh!-heek); [Lit. it was a mistake].
Accompany (me)- da:sgehgahda:je:h (daws-gay-gawh-daw-jay); [Lit. come,
look along with me]. Equivalent to 'watch my back'.
-.. Accompanied- 0 1gagahda:je:1 (oh!-gaw-gawh-daw-jayh!); [Lit. it went,

looking al(?ng with it].
Accompanying- i 1kne1 (ee-knayh!); [Lit. they're going along together].
Accomplice - degayeno:wo 1 ko 1 (day-gaw-yenh-nonh-wonh!-konh!); [Lit. it's
holding together].
Accomplished- ho 1wajene:ndat (hoh!-waw-jenh-nen-dawt); [Lit. it is
--..
completed].
According- ne:joshehdoh (nay-jos-hayh-donh);. [Lit. it is following accordingly].
Accordingly- joyi:sdo:je 1 (jow-yees-donh-jayh!); [Lit. its following correctly].
Accountant- hashe:das (haws-hay-daws); [Lit. he counts].
Accountibility- gaiwayehdahgoh (guy-waw-yenh-dawh-gonh); [Lit. it's a given
responsibility].
Accrued- oje 1nihdoh (oh-jayh!-neeh-donh); [Lit. it has gathered enough].
Accrues - waje 1nihta 1 (wah-jayh!-neeh-tawh!); [Lit. its trying to gather enough].
Accruing- oje 1nihdo:je 1 (oh-jayh!-neeh-donh-jayh!); [Lit. it's gathering enough].
Acculturation- ho 1tonogwe 1do:goh (hoh!-toh-nonh-gwayh!-donh-goh); [Lit. they
-
..... Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; 6 as in on
ONONDOWA'GA:' GAWE:NO'
4
--
became absorbed by the people].
,_-
Accumulated (I) - ho1ga:je 1nid (hoh!-gaw-jayh!-need); [Lit. I gathered enough].
Accumulated (they) - waenoje 1nid (wa-enh-nonh-jayh!-need); [Lit. they gathered
--
enough]. -
-
Accumulated- odi:wagweh (oh-dee-wah-gwenh); [Lit. it has increased in
amount].
Accurate (sports) - ha 1jiyo:h (hawh!-jee-yo-h); [Lit. his aim is on target].
--
Accurate (rate)- jo:yi:sdoh (joh-yees-donh); [Lit. its correct, its exact].
Accused - odiwa 1 isdoh (oh-dee-wah!-ees-donh); [Lit. the word stopped there].
--
Accused (I'm) - ogadiwa 1is (onh-gaw-dee-wah!-ees); Lit.the word stopped on me]. --
Accustomed- oyende 1oh (oh-yen-dayh!-onh); [Lit. known as a habit].
Aches and pains- onogde:nyo 1 (oh-nong.:day-nyonh!); [Lit. it hurts here and
-
--
there].
Achieved (I) -0 1giwa:gwe:ni 1 (oh!-gee-wah-gway-neeh!); [Lit. I earned it].
._
Achievement- oiwa:gwe:nyosoh (oh-ee-�ah-gway-nyonhs-onh); [Lit. it has --
earned it].
Acidity- oji:wagehsha:d (oh-jee-wah-genhs-haad); [Lit. it has a sourness]. --
Acknowledge- 0 1wadionda:h (oh!-waw-dee-onh-daah); [Lit. the words entered
within].
-
-·-
Acom - ogo:wa1 (oh-goh-wah!).
Acrobat- haja:no 1ta (haw-jaw-nonh!-tawh!); [Lit. he performs an act]. --
Across- dega:oh (day-gaw-onh); [Lit. its placed across].
Actively- o:desjeohsdoh (oh-days-jenh-ohs-donh); [Lit. its doing its utmost]. -
---
Actor- haja:no 1ta 1 (haw-jaw-nonh!-tawh!); [Lit. he's acting].
Actress - yonja:no 1ta 1 (yonh-jaw-nonh!-tawh!); [she is acting].
Actually- ne 1 -gwa-na:h (nayh!-gwah-naah); { C-P}
--
Adam's apple (Anat.)- Seneca term now unknown.
Adapted- 0 1gaye:de: 1 (oh!-gaw-yenh-dayh!); [Lit. it became a habit].
-
Adapted (I) - 0 1gye:de: 1 (oh!-gyenh-dayh!); [Lit. I got used to it]. -
-
a e o -
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; as in at; as in end; as in on
-
-
- ONONDOWA'GA:' GAWE:NO'
- Add- ehsyes (enh-chase); [Lit. you add something to].

Add (I will - to) - ehsgyes (enh-sgyays).
Add (math.)- ehsyes (enh-chase); [Lit. add a number to].
Added (foods)- he:gayesdoh (hay-gah-yays-donh); [Lit. added into mixture].
Added to- heswa'ho:n (hays-wawh!-hohn); [Lit. added to by enjoining].
Adder's tongue- o:gai,sha1 (oh-ga-ees-hah!); { early spring woodland lily}
Addicted- o:jano'oh (oh-jaw-nonh!-onh); [Lit. its been contaminated; poisoned].
- Addicted (I'm) - agajano'oh (ah-gaw-jaw-nonh!-onh); [Lit. I'm poisoned].

Addition (dwelling)- heyo:sgo:n (hay-yohs-gohn); [Lit. attached lean to; porch].
--. Adequate- ha,degayei1 (hah!-day-gaw-yay-eeh!); [Lit. its enough].
Adjourn (Iwill) - e:gi:waha:' (enh-gee-waw-hawh!); [Lit. I will tie the words].
Adjourned- wadi:waha:' (waw-dee-waw-hawh!); [Lit. they tied the words].
- Adjust (I will) - e:kdo:ges (enh-k-doh-gays); [Lit. I will straighten it out].
-- Adjustment- gado:gesdoh ( gah-doh-genhs-donh); [Lit. its been straightened].
- Adopt (I will) - e:geksa'deogo' (enh-gayk-sah!-denh-onh-goh!); [Lit I will accept

and keep a child].
Adopted (child) - gagsa'deo:gweh (gawg-sawh!-denh-onh-gwenh); [Lit. a child
has been accepted to keep].
Adoption - yogwe1deo:gweh (yonh-gwayh!-denh-onh-gwenh); Lit. accepted
- person, or persons]. Whole Nations could be adopted through military conquest.
Adoption was usually to replenish the Nation's population due to diminished
number of members from warfare and disease.
The Tuscarora Nation from North Carolina petitioned the Hodinohso:ni' for
adoption in 1721.
Adorned- gaya'dahsyoni:h (gaw-yawh!-dah-shonh-neeh); [Lit. its beautified].
Admonished (I- her/them) - ho'ke:tahas (hoh!-kay-taw-haws); [Lit. I 'spoke' to
them]. Cultural Value: Being 'spoken' to did not mean yelling and personal
-
--.
belittling; rather it was a quiet lecture on behavior which had run counter to the
Creator's instruction for peaceful co-existance (this applied to both adults and
- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Seneca Language· Teacher's Dictionary 6
-
ONONDOWA·GA:' GAWE:N0 1
--
children), although children were also told a story woven within it the same
behavior and its consequence.
Admonishment - gahta:ni:h (gaw-taah-neeh); [Lit. was 'spoken' to]. Cultural
--
Value:To be 'spoken' to is step 1 and 2 of three admonishions (children are
allowed 3 chances). Each step requires an apology and a promise not to repeat --
· the unacceptable behavior. If the 3 rd step is necessary, the child is told what the
consequence will be, either the water or the red willow switches. Small children
-
get water splashed in their face; older ones are given the option to be either -
._..
immersed in water or to select and provide their own red willow switches with
which to receive a few passes across their calfs. In the "old days" children had --
their grandparents, aunts and uncles to guide them and/or to answer to. Parents
provided the "comfort zone". -
Adult- odojehji:weh (oh-doh-jenh-jee-wenh); [Lit. its fully grown; matured]
Adultery (he) - o:ya 1 deodade:geh (oh-yawh!--day-oh-daw-day-genh); [Lit. he is
-·-
-
seeing an?ther].
Adultery (she)- o:ya 1 deyagodade:geh (oh-yawh!--day-yaw�goh-daw-day-genh); --
[Lit. she is seeing another].
Advanced- otgi:sdoh (oh-tgees-donh); [Lit. it has moved ahead].
-- -
Advantageous - wa:desta 1 (waw-days-tawh!; [Lit. its of use, helpful].
Advice- e nigohdasha• (enh!-nee-gonh-daws-hah!); [Lit. thought of an idea;
ideas].
1
-
Advise (she will) - eye•nigo:de• (enh-yenh!-nee-goh-denh!); [Lit. she will think -·-
of an idea; ideas].
Advisor ""' he 1nigo:ta 1 (henh!-nee-goh-tawh!); [Lit. he thinks of ideas]. --
Affection- ganoohgwa•sha• (gaw-noh-onh-gwah!-shah!); [Lit. treasured, love].
Affidavit- gai:wagwai:sta 1 (gaw-ee-waw-gwa-ees-tawh!); [Lit. it proves the
---
word].
Affirmation - gai:wani:yadoh (gaw-ee-waw-nee-yah-donh); [Lit. the word has -
been tightened firmly].
--
-
....
-
- Affluent- otgano:ni:h(oh-tgaw-nonh-neeh); [Lit. it is wealthy].

Afloat- oe 1gweohje 1 (oh-enh!-gwenh-oh-jayh!); [Lit. it is floating along].
Aforenamed - gayaso:no'(gaw-yaw-sonh-nonh!); [Lit. it was named--].
Afraid- gasha:nis (gaws-haw-nees); [ Lit.it fears].
Afraid(I am)- gesha:nis(gays-haw-nees); [Lit. I fear].
African- Hadio 1j i 1(Haw-dee-onh!-jeeh!); [Lit. they are dark].
After - oahdoh(oh-ah-donh); [Lit. it has gone by, past].
After all..- ne-waih-nege' .. (nayh!-waw-eeh-nenh-genh!); {C-P}
After birth (Anat.) - gawiyada:gwa' (gaw-wee-yah-daw-gwawh!); [Lit. it holds
the fetus].
- After midnight- 0 1 wahsondadi:at(oh!-wah-sohn-daw-dee-aht); [Lit. on the
shorter side of the night].
Afternoon - 0 1 wenishadi:at(oh!-wenh-nees-hah-dee-aht); [Lit. on the shorter side
of the day].
After-the-fact - oahdo'geh(oh-ah-donh!-gayh).
- Afterward- oahdo 1geh(oh-ah-donh!-gayh); [Lit. in the past].

Again- ae' (ah-ayh!).
Against(anti)- deyodohgehdoh(day-yoh-doh-genh-donh); [Lit. it is in
opposition].
Against(position)- gae'ga:goh(gaw-enh!-gaah-gonh); [Lit. its leaning against..].
Age(# of yrs. old)- neyoshiya•goh(nay-yos-hee-yawh!-gonh); [Lit. number of
- years/winters passed].
. Age(no. of yrs) - ne:yoshahge:h(nay-yos-haah-gay); [Lit. number of winters
- passed], this determined the age of persons regardless of birth date, but rather the
number of winters survived.
Aged (deteriorating)- ogayosdoh (oh-gaw-yonhs-donh); [Lit. its become old;
worn. tattered].
Aged(elderly)- gagehjihka:' (gaw-genh-jeeh-kaah!); [Lit. elderlylike].
..... Aging(F) - yontgehjista• (yonh-genh-jees-tawh!); [Lit. she's becoming elderly].
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski;. o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

ONONDOW A'GA:' GA WE:NO' ·
--
Aging (M) - hatgehjista' (haw-tgenh-jees-tawh!); [Lit. he's becoming elderly].
Agile- oya'dahwheoh (oh-yawh!-dah-whenh-onh); [Lit. it is flexible].
--
Agitating- joge:dat (ioh-gay-dawt); [Lit. it irritates].
· Aggravating- joswa:'de:' (ioh-swah!-dayh!); [Lit. it bothers the side] akin to 'a
-
thorn in one's side'.
Aggressive- o:tsinosdoh (oh-chee-nonhs-donh); [Lit. its acting 'bullish'].
Ago- oahdoh (oh-aah-donh); [Lit. it has gone beyond; past].
Agony- deyodohoganyeh (day-yoh-donh-honh-gaw-nyenh); [Lit. it is suffering].
Agreement- ho'tgaiwa,di:het (hoh!-tguy-wawh!-dee-hayt); [Lit. the words have
-
come together and met]. --
Agrimony (basket medicine)-ye'ahsyohga:ta' (yayh!-ah-showh-gaw-tawh!; [Lit.
a name for a medicine for sprinkling on baskets], long ago, some sprinkled --
herbal medicine on certain baskets for good luck.
Ah- nege:t (nenh-gent); a connecting expression, indicating hesitation between
--
words.
Aha! (exclamation)- da:ah! (daw-ah). { old expression}
--
Ahead- oehdosho' (oh-enh-donh-shonh!); [Lit. leading ; going in front of]. -
Aid- gaya,dagehasha' (gaw-yawh!-daw-gay-haws-haah!); [a measure of help].
Aides (they)- honojenowo'se:h (hoh-nonh-jenh-nonh-wonh!-say-h); [Lit. they --
are helpers].
Aiding - oja'dage:heh (oh-jawh!-daw-gay-henh); [Lit. it is helping].
--
Aiding and abetting- wa:jenowo'se:h (waw-jenh-nonh-wonh!-say-h); [Lit. help --
had been given].
Ailment- onohsadaiyo:' (oh-nonh-saw-daw-ee-yonh!); [Lit. disease has
entered the home].
-
--·
Aim - sade'sei:yos ( saw-day!-say-ee-yos ); [Lit. take good aim].
Aimless- gwa,ti:we's (gwawh!-tee-wayh!-s); [Lit. its roaming, without direction].
·-,.
.
Air- deyoa:we:nye:h (day-yoh-ah-wenh-nyeh); [Lit. air in flowing motion]. ....

.
Air gun- gagae:nda' (gaw-gaw-ehn-dawh!); [Lit. a holed object]. --
-·
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; ii as in at; e as in end; 6 as in on --
--
- ONONDOWA•GA:•· GAWE:NO'
9
Airplane- dega:dehs (day-gaw-denhs); [Lit. it flies].

Ajar- deyodehagwe:de' (day-yoh-day-haw-gwenh-dayh!); [Lit. its slightly open].
Akwesasne Terr.- Wahgwi:sasneh ( wah-gwih-sawhs-nayh); [ Lit. where the
partridge drums].the land of the Mohawks along the St.Lawrence River.
- It is said that this is the place, where the Hodinohso:ni's Creation
Story began, when the land took shape on the turtle's back.
Akron, NY - Heyo:ogeh (hay-yoh-onh-genh); [Lit.its heard over there].
Alarming- ohjon (oh-jon); [Lit. its scary, its frightening].
Alarmingly- ohjohgwe:' (oh-jonh-gwayh!); [Lit.its meant to frighten, to scare].
Alarmist - hahjohgwanih (hawh-jonh-gwah-neeh); [Lit.he frightens, he
scares].
Albany, NY- Sga:nehdadih ( sgaw-nenh-dah-deeh); [Lit. at the other side of the
plateau].
Alcohol (generic term)- onega' (oh-nay-gawh!); {refers to alcoholic drink}
- Alcohol (antifreeze)- ojisge_1ya:gi 1 (oh-jees-genh!-yaw-geeh!); [Lit. d�ath drink].

Alcohol (grain)- ojisge1ya:gi 1 (oh-jees-genh!-yaw-geeh!); [Lit.death d�].
'"
Alcohol (rubbing)- ojisge1ya:gi 1 (oh-jees-genh!-yaw-geeh!); [Lit. death dr�.
- Alcoholic- hanegaga•wasta' (haw-nay-gaw-gawh!-was-tawh!); [Lit. he is
an habitual alcoholic drink user]
Al dente -joni:yosha:d (joh-nee-yonhs-haad); [Lit.a little hardness there].
Algae - oeohgwa 1 (oh-ay-oh-gwah!).
Algonkian tribe - Hadioda:s (haw-dee-ohn-daws); [Lit. they eat tree bark]. This
native nation lived in the Ottawa River valley.
Alias- ti:ga:de 1 shodahjasdoh (tee-gaw-dayh!--sho-daw-jaws-donh); [Lit. he
has given himself another name].
Alibi- odo:hiyendasha' (oh-donh-hee-yen-daws-shah!); [ Lit.an established
..... blamelessness].
Alibi (his)- oya•jih nye 1sgwa1 (oh-yawh!-jih --nyayh! sgwawh!); [Lit. he was
- somewhere else].

ONONDOWA1 GA: 1 GAWE:N0 1
Aligned- oja1da: 1 (oh-jawh!-dawh!); [Lit. it joined, became part of].

Alignment - sgado:gesdoh (sgaw-doh-genhs-donh); [Lit. it has been
straightened]. as in measurement -
._
Alike- sha 1ga:d (shawh!-gaw-d); [Lit. same, identical].
Alive - yo:he1 (yonh-hayh!); [Lit. it is living]. --
All (everything)- gagwegoh (gaw-gway-gonh); [Lit. all of it].
All (everyone)- hadigwe:goh (haw-dee-gway-gonh); [Lit. all of them].
--
All along ..-tsiyo 1de:h.. (chee-yoh!-denh); [Lit. as its always been].
All Eaten Up-gahsa 1 0: 1 (gawh-sawh!-onh!); [Lit. eaten up]; Cultural Tip:
Ceremony for the spirits, open to the community. -
All nighters - deadihenta 1 (day-ah-dee-hen-tawh!); [Lit. they stay all night].
Cultural Tip: 2 persons from the opposite moiety are designated to sit at a
--
wake from midnight to daybreak.
All night dance - gayedo: 1sha 1 (gaw-yen-donh!-shah!); Cultural Tip: associated
--
with ohgi:we:h, open to the community.
All over- tigagwe:goh (tee-gaw-gway-gonh); [Lit. everywhere].
--
Although, - gwa:neh, (gwah-nayh).{C-P} -
Allegany territory - Ohi:yo' (oh-hee-yoh!); [Lit. beautiful river]; reservation status
basically stemmed from the fraudulent Buffalo Creek Treaty of 1838, this --
territory was sold to the Ogden Land Company. Under Seneca protest over the
loss of all territory, the "Compromise Treaty" in 1842 restored Allegany,
Cattaraugus, Oil Springs and Tonawanda as reservations to the Senecas.
--
Allegany river - Ohi:yo' ( oh-hee-yoh!); [Lit. beautiful river]. --
Allergic reaction - ojahno 1oh (oh-jaw-nonh!-onh); [Lit. it was poisoned;
contaminated].
---
Alligator:.... dega 1no:do:n (day-gawh!-nohn-dohn); [Lit. 2 thick stalks on it].
Alligator dance- dega 1no:do:n oe:no' (day-gawh!-nohn-dohn-oh-enh-nonh!);
-
[alligator's song], Cherokee dance song.
Alloted- gaya 1ko 1 (gaw-yawh!-konh!); [Lit. cut up], parceled out]. --
,_
a e
--
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; as in at; as in end; ii as in on
-
-
ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO'
Allotted (to him) - wowoya 1ge1 (wonh-wonh-yawh!-genh!) [Lit. they cut him a
share].
Allotting (I am) - gya 1koh (gyawh!-konh); [Lit. I am cutting shares].
Allowance- degaya 1dowehdoh (day-gaw-yawh!-doh-wayh-donh); [Lit. a
consideration].
Allude (hint at)- no 1gai:waye: 1 (nonh!-guy-waw-yayh!); [Lit. from the direction
of the word].
- Almost- gwe 1ta 1 (gway!-tawh!).
Alone (I am)- gya 1di:h (gyah!-deeh); [Lit. by myself].
Alone (you are)- sya 1di:h (syah!-deeh); [Lit. you are by yourself].
Alone (we)- ha 1deyo:gwaya 1disdoh (hawh!-day-yonh-gwah-yah!-dees-donh);
- [Lit. we have become by ourselves].
Alongside- wakda:je 1 (wawk-dah-jayh!); [Lit. near the edges].
Along the wall- gehsakda:je• (genh-sawk-dawh-jayh!); [Lit. edges of the wall].
Aloud- eyoto:de:g (enh-yoh-tonh-dayg); [Lit. so it can be heard].
Already- oneh-nah (oh-nenh--nah); {C-P}
Alright- odio:ni:h (oh-dee-onh-neeh); [Lit. doing okay].
Also - ha1gwah (hah!-gwah); {C-P}
Also the .. -ha1gwah neh .. (hah!-gwah- nayh); {C-P}
Altercation- degai:wageheh (day-guy-wawh-gayh-henh); [Lit. tugging with the
.....
words].
Altered (changed)- degade:nyo:h (day-gaw-day-nyonh).
- Altered (smaller) - gastwahdoh (gaws-twah-donh).

Altered (larger) - gagowanehdoh (gaw-goh-waw-nenh-donh).
Altered (story) - degaihwadenyoh (day-guy-waw-day-nyonh).
Alternate (by tum)- deyohdia 1doh (day-yoh-dee-ah!-donh); [Lit. first one then
-
......
the other, etc ...].
Alternate (he)- eoja 1 dondak (enh-onh-jawh!-donh-dawk); [Lit. he will take the
place of..].

ONONDOWA'GA:' GAWE:N0 1
12
--
Alternate feet (dance) - deyesi1dadia1s (day-yenh-seeh!-dawh-dee-ah!-s); [Lit.
-
they use one foot, then the other etc ...].
Alternative- degaihwa:ge:h (day-guy-wah-gayh); [Lit. of two issues].
-
Alters - dega:denyohs (day-gaw-day-nyonhs); [Lit. it changes]. -
Alternative drugs- dega 1nigoe:denyohs (day-gawh!-nee-gonh-enh-day-nyonhs);
[Lit. it changes the mind]; { this term is applied to alcohol and mind altering
-..
drugs}.
Although, - ne 1 -gwah-neh, (nayh!-gwah-nayh); {C-P}
-
Altogether- ojoe:goh (oh-joy-gonh); [Lit. grouped, gathered].
Always- jotgon (iod-tgon).
Amazing- oiwana:gwad (oh-ee-wah-nah-gwad); [Lit. remarkable]. -
Ambiguous- adi 1gwah-sho:h (ah-deeh!-gwah-shoh); [Lit. just uncertain] { C-P}
Ambiguity (word)- o•tgaihwa:tge:d (oh!-tgaw-eeh-wah-tgayd); [Lit. scratching
-
the word] akin to 'wishy washyness'
Ambitious - osja:0: 1 (os-jaw-onh!); [Lit. it works hard].
--
Amended- sgai:wa 1ho:n (sga-ee-wawh!-hohn); [Lit. added to the issue].
American elm -negaoga: 1 (neh-gaw-onh-gah!).
--
American hornbeam - oeda 1neya:te:h (oh-enh-dawh!-nay-yah-tenh;[Lit.skinny -
tree].
Amiable -yogwe 1diyo:h (yonh-gwayh!-dee-yoh); [Lit. friendly, good natured].
--
Amiss- wo1oye 1hik (woh!-oh-yanh!-heek); [Lit. an error was made, a mistake].
Amomom- yejisdayendahgwa 1 (yay-gees-daw-yen- dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used for
--
establishing coals]. --
Among -deyo:gehsho 1 (day-yoh-genh-shonh!); [Lit. mingling, in among].
Amount? - doh? (doh); [Lit. how much?]. --
Amount of ?- doh-ni-yoh? (doh-nee-yonh); [Lit. how many ?]. { C-P}
Amount (no. of)- newa:ge:h (nay-waw-gay); [Lit. no. of items]
Amount (total)- ni:yo:h (nee-yonh).
--
Amount (no. of persons)- ne-yogwe 1da:ge:h (nay-yonh-gwayh!-daw-gay). -
--
--
--
-
Amputated leg - gahsi:nyakgoh (gawh-see-nyak-gonh); [Lit. leg is cut off].

Amputation- gayakgoh (gaw-yak-gonh); [Lit. its cut off].
Amuse (yourselves) - deswah:dahnigoewe:nye:h (des-swah-dawh-nee-gonh-enh
wenh-nyay); [Lit. think of something to entertain your minds].
Amused- deyo'nigoewe:nye:h (day-yoh!-nee-gonh-enh-wenh-nyay); [Lit. its
entertaining the mind].
- Amusement- dega,nigoewenye'ta' (day-gawh!-nee-gonh-enh-wenh-nyayh!
tawh!); [Lit. its used to entertain the mind].
- Analyzed- degaya•dowehdoh (day-gaw-yawh!-doh-wayh-donh); [Lit. it has been

thought about].
Ancestor - gahsosha' (gawh-sos-hah!); [Lit. ancient relatives].
-
......
Ancient- onehjihgowa:h (oh-nenh-geeh-goh-wawh); [Lit. long, long ago].
Ancestors- ogwashosha•sho'geo' (onh-gwah-sos-hah!-shonh!-genh-onh!); [Lit.
our ancient departed relatives].
And- koh (koh); {P}
And another- oya'-koh (oh-yawh!-koh); {C-P}
And its to be- ne'koh-niyaweh (nayh!-koh-nee-yaw-wenh); {C-P}
-- And likely- noh-koh (nonh-koh); {C-P}
And more - ahsoh-koh (ah-sonh-koh); {C-P}
And now -da:oneh (daw-oh-nenh); {C-P}
- And so- nah-koh (nawh-koh); {C-P}
-- And so it goes- dah-ne'-nah-ge:s (dawh-neyh!-nawh-genh-s); {C-P}

And so it is- ne'-nah-koh (nayh!-nawh-koh); {C-P}
And so therefore - dah-nah-koh (dawh-nawh-koh); {C-P}
And then-daneh-koh (daw-nenh-koh); {C-P}
-
.......
And usually- koh-ge:s (koh-genh-s); {C-P}
And when - ganyo'-ge:s (gaw-nyoh!-genh-s); {C-P}
-
....... Anemia - deyosgenya'goh (day-yos-genh-nyawh!-gonh); [Lit. it looks pale].
Anesthesia- goda'wata• (go-dawh!-wad-tawh!); [Lit. used for putting to sleep].
-.
-
14
--
Angel-hadioya'geo:no' (haw-dee-onh-yawh!-gay-oh-nonh!); [Lit. heaven
dwellers] a Christian concept of devine protection.
--
Anger- ono 1kwesha1 (oh-nonh!-kwenh-shah!); [Lit. loathing].
Anger- dewadenye 1do 1 s (day-wah-day-nyenh!-doh!-s); [Lit. seething], slow bum
--
Angle - otso:sgwa:d (oh-chos-sgwawd); [Lit. a comer].
Angola, NY- Joe 1 hesta, (joh-enh!-hays-tawh!); [Lit. a depot there ].
Angola-Evans NY area - Ga:negaji:h (gaw-nay-gaw-jee); [Lit. dark water].
-
Angry- ono 1kwe 1 oh (oh-nonh!-kwenh!-onh); [Lit. it is mad].
Anguish- deyo 1nigoe:gah:nya:de: 1 (day-yoh!-nee-gonh-enh-gawh-nyah-day-h!); --
(Lit. causing the mind to worry].
Animals [domestic]- gashene' (gaws-hay-nenh!); [Lit. its captive]. --
Animals (all) - ha 1dega:nyo 1 dage:h (hawh!-day-gaw-nyoh!-daw-gay); [Lit. all
wild Animals]. the Gano:nyog (Thanks Giving Address) refers to our
four legged cousins, thanking them for providing us with food, clothing, and
--
knowledge. ··--
.-
Animals (big)- ganyo 1dowa:nes (gaw-nyoh!-doh-waw-nenhs); [Lit. large wild
animals]. ,
Animal Clans Side - jo 1se:ad (joh!-say-ahd ); [Lit. bear, beaver, wolf, turtle].
Animals (small)- neganyo1 da 1 sa:a (nay-gaw-nyoh!-dawh!-saaw); [Lit. small wild
-
animals].
Animals [wild]- ganyo:' (gaw-nyoh!); [Lit. for killing as food]. the Creator
--
instructed them to give up their life for the peoples' use as food, clothing, etc;
...
and the Creator instructed the people to give thanks to the animal for its --
generousity, before taking its life.
Animal (young) - otwasa:a (oh-twas-aah); [Lit. it's a small being].
Ankle (Anat.)- ojio 1gwa' (oh-jee-oh!-gwah!).
Annihilated - gaihwahdo1 doh (guy-wah-donh!-donh); [Lit. the word, issue is
rubbed out]; made extinct
--
Anniversary- hejoahwheh (hay-joh-ah-whenh); [Lit. gone full cycle], year or any --
-
a e o -
-
-- ONONDOWA'GA:' GAWE:NO'
designated time; i.e. monthly phase of the moon].

Announcer (he)- taiyowanenta1 (taw-eeh-yoh-waw-nen-tawh!).
Annoyed (I am)- agahgai:ye1oh (ah-gawh-guy-yenh!-onh).
Annoyed (I become) - ogahgai:yeh (onh-gah-guy-yenh).
Annoying- joge:dat (joh-gay-dawt); [Lit. its irritating].
- Annual -hesga:whas (hays-gaw-whaws); [Lit. it reaches the cycle].
Annunity cloth - adahgwe:nya' (ah-dawh-gwenh-nyawh!); [Lit.'treaty' cloth].
A consideration of an annual percapita of fabric was included in the
Canandaigua (Pickering) Treaty {Article VI} for the renunciation of Six Nation
- Territories in 1794.
Annuity money- okiwisda:wis (onh-kee-wees-daw-wees); [Lit. they give us
money]. The Canandaigua (Pickering) Treaty {Article VI} included a sum of
money to be distributed on an annual percapita basis for the 'expressed
renunciation of Six Nation territories' in 1794.
Annulment- sgai:waga1tso:h (s-guy-wawh-gah!-chonh); [Lit. word/agreement is
- removed, taken off].

Anointed - wadohseoh (wah-doh-senh-onh); [Lit. its been sprinkled on].
Anorexic- o:ja 1da:sa1oh (oh-jaw!-dah-sah!-onh); [Lit. body is wasted, used up].
Another (its)- ne 1-noya' (nay!-noh-yawh!); { C-P};
-- Another- we:no:1 (way-nonh!); [Lit. not exact; different].
Answer - detgahsye 1oh (day-tgawh-snyayh!-onh); [Lit. in response].
-- Ant- ji 1hosdohgwe 1 (jeeh!-honhs-doh-gwenh!).
- Ant (red) - hi 1no1 (heeh!-nonh!).

Anteater- gahsahdogwas (gawh-saw-donh-gwas); [Lit. it unburies].
Anti - deyodogehdoh (day-yoh-doh-genh-donh); [Lit. its against, opposition].
Antiacid- deyago:nishewageo' deyodogehdoh (day-yah-goh-nees-hay-wah-
-- genh-onh!--day-yoh-doh-genh-donh); [Lit. bloated stomach--works against it].
Anticipation - ga1nigoe 1 (gawh!-nee-go-enh!); [Lit. its happily expecting.. ].
Antigas- godeo:nyanih deyodogehdoh (goh-denh-onh-nyah-neeh--day-yoh-doh-
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ii as in on

16
--
genh-donh); [Lit.gasiness--works against it].
--
Antler- ono 1ga:1 (oh-nonh!-gah!). the antler of the deer is significant.
It symbolizes chieftanship when placed upon the headdress at the time of his
--
official installation.Dereliction of duties inconsistant of the Great Law is cause
to be dehomed
II
11•
Anxiety, worry- deyo 1nigohga:nyad (day-yoh!-nee-gonh-gaw-nyayd); [Lit.its --

bothersome to the mind].
Anxious - ga 1nigoe 1 (gawh!-nee-goh-enh!); [Lit. its happily expecting].
--
Any- ganyo 1-shoh (gaw-nyoh!--s-honh); [Lit. whatever, however].
Any thing - ha 1gwisde 1 (hawh!-gwees-denh!).
--
-
Any time- ganyo 1 -shoh-niyowa1geh (gaw-nyoh!--s-honh--nee-yoh-wawh!-gayh);
[Lit.just at whatever time]. --
Any way- gwah-nah (gwaw--nah). {C-P}
Anywhere - gatga 1hoh (gaw-tgah!-hoh).
--
AOA Nutrition- hadigehjih
.
henodekonya 1ta 1geh (haw-dee-genh-jeeh--hen-
-
nonh-day-konh-nyah!-tawh!-geh); [Lit.elders eat at this place].
--
Apart- deyode:kahso:h (day-yoh-day-kawh-sonh); [Lit.it has separated]. --
Apart (came)-ho 1watga 1tsi (hoh!-waw-tgawh!-cheeh!; [ Lit.it came apart].
1
Apart (comes) - watga 1tsohs (waw-tgawh!-chonhs).

--
Apart (has come) - otga 1tso:h (oh-tgawh!-chonh).
Apart (will come) -ewontga 1tsi 1 (enh-won-tgawh!-cheeh!).
--
Apathetic - de 1ogayes (dayh!-oh-gaw-yenhs); [Lit. itis unwilling]. --
Apiece, a share - gaya 1ko 1 (gaw-yah!-konh!); [Lit.cut in parts].
Apology- sgaihwahsyoni:h (sguy-wah-shonh-nee); [Lit. issue made better]. --
Apparent (quite)- oye:de:d (oh-yenh-dayd); [Lit.appears clearer].
-
Apparently- tigehji:weh (tee-genh-jee-wenh); [Lit. clear, no doubt].
Appearance (features)- negaya 1do 1de:h (nay-gaw-yawh!-doh!-denh); [Lit.the
--
way it looks].
Appearance of - 01 wadado:ni 1 (oh!-waw-daw-donh-neeh!); [Lit.how it came to
--
--
a e o
--
--
-
--.. be].
Appended- gaihwa 1ho:n (guy-Wawh!-hon); [Lit. more words added].
Appendix (Anat.) - o:ho 1daniyo:n (oh-hoh!-daw-nee-yon); [ Lit.a hanging tube].
Appetite - gakwano:wo:s (gaw-kwa-nonh-wonhs); [Lit. its hungry for food].
......
Applaud- dehsenisohda1 e:g (day-senh-nees-oh-dawh!-ayg); [Lit. clap your
......
hands].
- Apple - ganyo 10:ya 1 (gaw-nyoh!-oh-yawh!); [Lit. wild apple].

Apple sauce- ganyo 10:ya 1 ojisgwa1 (gaw-nyoh!-oh-yawh!--oh-jees-gwah! ); [Lit.
apple mush], pudding, mash.
Apple (dried)- ganyo 10:ya 1 gahesdoh (gaw-nyoh!-oh-yawh!--gaw-henhs-donh].
- Apple pie - ganyo10:ya 1 degahgwa1se: 1 (gaw-nyoh!-oh-yawh!--day-gawh-gwah!-
sayh!; [Lit. apple (with) 2 layered breads].
Apply (put on) - sohga:h (soh-gawh).
Apply (medicine)- seni:sdoh (senh-nees-donh); [Lit. you put on medicine].
- Apply (name to) - sadadehsenoeh (saw-daw-day-senh-nonh-enh); [Lit. you put
-- your name to it].

Appointed- gage:ya:d (gaw-genh-yawd); [Lit. picked out].
Appointed - yo:wo:n (yonh-woh-on); [Lit. pointed at].
Appointed - wowoiyo 1 (woh-woh-ee-yonh!; [Lit. they gave him the task].
Apportioned- gaya 1ko 1 (gaw-yawh!-konh!); [Lit. its cut up for distribution].
Apportioner (he)-haya 1ko: 1 (haw-yawh!-konh!); [Lit. he cuts up].
Apportioning (she)- goya 1koje 1 (goh-yawh!-konh-jayh!); [Lit. she's distributing].
Appraise - gaga:syo:ni:h (gaw-gah-shonh-nee); [Lit. cost, value of is made].
Appraiser (he) - hagadogesta 1 (haw-gah-doh-genhs-tawh!); [Lit. he straightens the
- cost, value of things].
Approximately- ho 1geo:je 1 (hoh!-genh-onh-jayh!); [Lit. about to a point].
Appreciate (I) - gado1eshas (gaw-donh!-ays-haws); [Lit. I'm grateful].
Appreciation - wado1eshas (waw-donh!-ays-hawhs); [Lit. it is thankful].
Apprehended -gaye:no 1 (gaw-yay-nonh!); [Lit. it is caught].
,...,,
......
ONONDOWA'GA:' GAWE:Nb•
18
-·-
Apprehensive , fearing- ohjors (oh-jonh!-s); [ Lit.its fearful of].
--
Apprehensive (mental unrest) -we•nigoeye:do:s (wenh!-nee-gonh-yanh-:-donhs); --
[Lit. its mind is swaying], dreading.
Approaching- da:we' (daw-wayh!); [Lit. it is coming toward..]. -
-
Appropriate, manner- ojeno:ni:h (oh-jenh-nonh-nee); [Lit. its being respectful].
Appropriate, suitable- oye:sdoh (oh-yenh-s-donh); [Lit. it looks fine].
Appropriated, funded- gawisdage:ya:d (gaw-wees-daw-genh-yawd); [Lit. money
--
has been set], agreed to, established. --
Appropriated, grafted- wadojo:gwahse:h (wah-doh-jonh-gwah-sayh); [Lit. it has
been given to itself]. ._ -
Appropriation, funding- tgawisda:e• (tgaw-wees-daw-ayh!); [Lit. the money is
setting there].
--
Approved- gaihwi:yosdoh (guy-wee-yos-donh); [Lit. the issue has been made
good], favorable.
._ -
Approximate- ho 1 geo:je 1 (hoh!-genh-onh-jayh!); [ Lit. about to there]. --
April moon- Gano 1gad (gaw-nonh!-gawd); [Lit. planting moon].
Apron- yeni:nodahgwa• (yenh-nee-noh-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used as an apron].
Apron (put on -)- seni:no:deh (senh-nee-noh-denh); [Lit. you put on the apron]. -- -
Arbitrary - tidwe:nohdo1 (tee-wenh-nonh-donh!); [Lit. without much thought].
Arbitrator- tehnohdo:• (tenh-nonh-donh!); [Lit. he decides by his choice].
--
Area, space - neyonogka• (nay-yoh-nong-dawh!); [Lit. the amount of space].
--
Arguing- degaiwageheh (day-guy-waw-gay-henh); [Lit. tugging with the words]
Argumentative- oi:ha: 1 (oh-ee-hawh!); [Lit. troublesome], causing quarelling and --
dissent.
Arid- oha•doh (oh-hawh!-donh); [Lit. its hot/drying].
·--
Arise (you) - satgeh (saw-tgenh).
Arm (Anat.)- one:sha' (oh-nenh-shah!).
Arm band- yonehsa:hasta' (yonh-neh-saw-haws-tawh!).
Arm cuff- yene:sogwahasta' (yenh-nenh-soh-gwah-haws-tawh!).
--
--
a e o
-
·--
-
--. ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO•
Arm shake - ho1 tsadanesho:nda:t (hoh!-chaw-dawh-nenhs-honh-dawt); [Lit. they

shook each other's arm].
Arm Shaking dance- Oneshe 1doh (oh-nenhs-henh!-donh); [Lit. dropped arm].
Arm (out spread)- deyode1sadeoje1 (day-yoh-dayh!-sah-denh-onh-jayh!).
Arm (out stretched)- da:neshodaje1 (daw-nenhs-hoh-daw-jayh!); [Lit. he's
coming with an arm out stretched].
......
Army Corp. of Engineers - heno1swado:1 (henh-nonh!-swah-donh!); [Lit. they
make dams].
Aroma - ose:no 1 (oh-senh-nonh!); [Lit. odor, smell].
Aroma- gasenoe:tge' (gaw-senh-noh-ayd-tgenh!); [Lit. bad smell].
Aroma, strong- osenoded (oh-senh-nonh-dayd); [Lit. it's a rough smell].
Aromatic- gasenoga1oh (gaw-senh-nonh-gawh!-onh); [Lit. it smells good].
Around, encircled- deyotwada:se:h (day-yoh-twah-daw-sayh); [Lit. it goes
around].
Around, presence - odendaje1s (oh�den-dah-jayh!-s); [Lit. its lurking around].
Arouse, disturb- otge:sge1syog (oh-tgenh-sgenh!-shong).
Arrange (a marriage) - deowodia 1ne:ge:1 (denh-onh-wonh-dee-ah!-nay-genh!);
[Lit. they will put them side by side]. This practice where parents negociated
marriage partners for their grown children had diminished by the late 18O0's.
Arranged, put in order- gadogesda:001 (gaw-doh-genhs-daw-nonh!); [Lit. its
- straightened ].
Arrears- otga:tgihdoh (oh-tgah-tgee-donh); [Lit. its become an ugly debt].
Arrested - howoye:001 (honh-wonh-yay-nonh!); [Lit. they have caught him].
-- Arrived (object) - 01wa:te:1 (oh!-waw-tayh!); [Lit. it got here].
Arrived (persons) - wadiyo1 (waw-dee-yonh!); [Lit. they got here].
Arrogance- newe:hah (nay-way-hawh); [ Lit. it thinks highly of itself].
Arrow - ga1no 1 (gawh!-nonh!).
Arrow head - ono 1da:1 (oh-nonh-daah!); [Lit. lead].
Arrow wood- ga•ga:1 waya:s (gawh!-gawh!--wah-yawhs); [Lit. crows eat its
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; 6 as in on

Seneca Language· Teacher's Dictionary
20
--
fruit].
--
Artery (Anat.)- ojino:ya 1da1 (oh-jee-nonh-yawh!-dawh!); [Lit. vein].
Artesian well- jonegitgeoh (joh-nay-gee-tgenh-onh).
--
Artist (he)-haya1daha1 (haw-yawh!-daw-hawh!); [Lit. he draws].
As done - nigaye:eh (nee-gaw-yay-enh); [Lit. the way it is done]. ---
As for- ha 1gwa-neh (hah!-gwah--nayh). {C-P}
As for me- ne 1-nah-ni1 (nayh!--nah--neeh!). {C-P}
-
As many of us - nidwa:di:h (nee-dwah-dee).
As soon as- niyosno:we 1 (nee-yos-noh-wayh!). --
As the day goes - hewade:nitsi:ne 1s (hay-wah-denh-nee-chee-nayh!-s).
As told- gyo1oh (gyoh!-onh). --
As yet- ahsoh-nah (awh-sonh-nah). {C-P}
ASAP- neyogwenda:je 1 (nay-yoh-gwen-daw-jayh!); [Lit. as soon as possible].
---
Ashamed (it is) - wahde:es (wah-day-enhs); [Lit. its embarrassed], chagrined.
Ash (black)-yeodagwa:sos (yenh-onh-daw-gwah-sonhs); [Lit. used for
pounding]. Basket makers used this wood for pounding off tree ring layers for
splints.
Ash (white)- ga:nyoh (gaw-nyoh).
Ash sifter- 0 ge: 1 yowo:kta1 (oh!-genh!-yonh-wong-tawh!); [Lit.for sifting ashes].
1
--
Ashes- 0 ge:e1 (oh!-genh!). The lye in hard wood ashes is used to clean com.
1
Ashore- wae:no1di:het (wah-enh-nonh!-dee-hayt); [Lit. they beached].

--
Asians -Deodigahga:diyo:n (day-oh-deeh-gawh-gah-dee-yohn); [Lit. their eye
lids are pulled back].
-
--
Aside -wakah (wak-awh); [Lit. near by].
Asleep (he is) - hoda1oh (ho-dawh!-onh). --
Asleep (she is)- goda1oh (go-dawh!-onh).
Ask (for)- se 1ne:g (sayh!-nayg) [Lit. you ask for it].
--
Ask (you)- sadaodo:h (saw-daw-onh-donh); [Lit. you ask about it].
Asked- wadaodo (wah-daw-onh-donh!); [Lit. requested].
--
1
--
-
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ii as in on --
--
Asked (I -) - ho 1gadao:do: 1 (hoh!-gaw-daw-onh-donh!).
- Asking (you are-) - sa:daodo:nyoh (saw-daw-onh-donh-nyonh).

Asking (you keep -)- sa:daodosgo:h (saw-daw-onh-donh-sgonh); [Lit. you
continually keep asking].
Asleep- oda'oh (oh-dawh!-onh); [Lit. its asleep].
Asmatic - wadoisha:sahs (waw-doh-ees-hahs-ahs); [Lit. it runs out of breath].
Asphyxiated - degaonya 1goh (day-gaw-onh-nyak-gonh); [Lit. its been choked].
Aspirin- gono 1 e:go 1s deyodogehdoh (goh-nonh!-enh-gonh!s--day-yoh-doh-genh-
donh); [Lit. headache--works against it].
Aspiring - hodejago:sdoh (hoh-day-jaw-gonhs-donh); [Lit. he's doing his best].
.-..
Assemblage - goya 1 da:yei1oh (goh-yawh!-dah-yeeh!-onh); [Lit. they are gathered
together] , as a group.
Asserted (it is) - gaiwaya:soh (guy-waw-yaw-sonh); [Lit. it is named to be].
Assignment - gaihwahwi:h (guy-waw-weeh); [Lit. given an task to do].
Assimu�ation - ho 1dwadetgwehsajes (hoh!-dwa-day-tgwenh-sawh-jays); [Lit. the
blood mixed].
Assistance - gaya 1dagehasha 1 (gaw-yawh!-daw-gayh-haws-hah!); [Lit. of help].
Assistant- haja 1 dage:has (haw-jawh!-daw-gay-hawhs), [Lit. he helps].
Assorted - degayesdoh (day-gaw-yays-donh); [Lit. mixed].
Assortment- ta 1jo 1de 1 (tawh!-joh!-denh!); [Lit. different kinds], variety.
Assaulted (me)- wa:gi:yo 1 (waw-gee-yoh!); [Lit. he beat on me].
Assumed (he) - wa:e: 1 (waw-ayh!).
Assured (I felt -) - oga:tsohgwe 1 (onh-gaw-choh-gwenh!); [Lit. I felt relieved],
more confident.
Asthma- degai:shahsiya:1 (day-guy-shah-see-yawh!); [Lit. its breath is being
tightened].
Astounded- wo 1oiwana:go 1 (woh!-oh-ee-waw-nah-goh!); [Lit. it was amazed],
surprised, awed.
Astounding- oiwana:gwad (oh-ee-wah-nah-gwad); [Lit. amazing], awesome,

ONONDOWA 1 GA:' GAWE:NO'
22
--
Surprising.
-
Astride- ohse' (oh-sayh!).
At-suffix- geh (gayh).
--
At least- nyo:gwa' (nyonh-gwawh!). --
At random-yo 1jih (yoh!-jeeh).
At that- waih-nah (waw-ee--nah). { C-P}
-
At that time- ne1 -ho:weh (nayh!--honh-wayh). { C-P}
At the same time -tsa 1deyawe 1 oh (chawh!�day-yaw-wenh!-onh).
--
At ;the start - tsi:johsa:' (chee-joh-sawh!). -
At those times- ne 1ho:wesho 1 (neyh!-honh-ways-honh!). --
Athletic- hajisgwageo:1 (haw-jees-gwah-genh-onh!); [ Lit.he's strong in games].
Atrocity- ganohgondasha 1gowa:h (gaw-nonh-gonh-daws-hah!-goh-wawh); (Lit. -
the worst kind of abuse].
Atrophy- wo 1ostwah (woh!-ohs-twah); [Lit. it became small, shrunk].
Attached- ganohso:n (gaw-nonh-sohn).
Attachments- heganohso:ndo (hay-gaw-nonh-sohn-donh!); [Lit. they are
--
-
1
tied on to].
Attached (on to)- heganohso:n (hay-gaw-nonh-sohn); [Lit.its tied to]. --
Attached (one with another)- dewa 1ho:n (day-wawh!-hohn).
Attacked- ganosganyeh (gaw-nonhs-gaw-nyenh); [Lit. assaulted with force],
-
causing destruction and/or death to persons and property].
Attained- oje 1nihdoh (oh-jayh!-neeh-donh); [Lit.it has gotten, gathered, or
--
accumulated enough]. --
Attempt, try (you)- sadeno 1ge:ad (saw-denh-nonh!-gay-ad).
Attempted- wadeno 1ge:ahdoh (waw-denh-nonh!-gay-ah-donh); [Lit.its been --
tried].
Attendants- henonja 1dage:has (henh-nonh-jawh!-daw-gay-hawhs); [Lit.they are
--
helpers], assistants, aides.
Attended (well)- 0 washa:de: 1 (oh!-was-hah-dayh!).
-
--
1

--
-
-
Attention (listening) - odaodiyosdoh (oh-daw-onh-dee-yos-donh); [Lit. keeping a
good ear].
Attentive- degaiwasnye' (day-guy-was-nyeh!); [Lit. tending to].
Attraction- jo1 nigo:n (joh!-nee-gohn); [Lit. the mind is strongly directed there].
Attractive- oye:sdoh (oh-yenhs-donh); [Lit. looks good, fine].
Auburn, NY- Dwasgo:oh (dwas-goh-onh); [Lit. a bridge there].
Auctioned- gaji:wehdoh (gaw-jee-wenh-donh); [Lit. it was hammered on].
Auctioneer- haji:wenta' (haw-jee-wenh-tawh!); [Lit. he hammers on].
Audacity- 0 1nigoe:tgi' (oh!-nee-gonh-enh-tgih!); [Lit.disgusting mind], bold,rude.
Audible- o:ogat (oh-onh-gawt); [Lit. it can be heard].
Auger- gayado 1gwata 1 (gaw-yaw-doh!-gwad-tawh!); [Lit. it digs holes]
August moon- Haye:nia' (hah-yenh-nee-ah!).
August moon - Gede 1 okneh (genh-den!-onk-nayh). { another version}
Aunt (my)- agehak ( ah-gay-hawk).
- Aunt (his) - ho:hak (hoh-hawk).
- Aunt (her) - o:hak (oh-hawk).
Aunt (your) - esa:hak (ay-saw-hawk).
-- Aunts (his) - howo:hak (honh-wonh-hawk).
Aunts (your) - sa:haksho' (saw-hawk-shonh!).
-- Aurora borealis- 0 1dwajo:yajeo:nyo: 1 (oh!-dwah-jonh-yaw-jay-onh-nyonh!); [Lit.
mysterious happening in the sky].
Austere- dewadenihdoh (day-waw-denh-neeh-donh); [Lit. rationing, scrimping]
making do, eking by, going without extras.
Authentic- gaiwagweni:yo' (guy-waw-gwenh-nee-yoh!); [Lit. the truth].
Authority- gaiwayehdahgoh (guy-waw-yenh-dah-gonh); [Lit. responsible]
ultimately the 'buck stops there'].
Authorized- gaiwahwi:h (guy-wawh-wee); [Lit. given the word].
Automatic- aho'sho:h (ah-honh!-shonh); [Lit. on it own].
Autumn- Geokneh (ganh-onk-nayh).

ONONDOWA1 GA:' GAWE:NO'
24
-
Available- ga:ye 1 (gaw-yenh!); [Lit. its there].
Avalanche (earth)- wo 1oehje1go 1 (woh!-oh-enh-jenh!-goh!); [Lit. the earth slid]. -
Avalanche (snow)- wo 1oniyoe 1go 1 (woh!-oh-nee-yoh-enh!-goh!); [Lit.the snow --
slid].
Avenge- desgaiwa 1 se:1 (days-guy-wawh!-sayh!); [Lit. one deed for --
another]. Interpretation: "eye for an eye"(quoted from a Christian Bible).
Avenged- desgaiwa 1 seoh (days-gaw-ee-wawh!-senh-onh); [Lit. given back
one deed for another]. Interpretation: gets even.
--
Averted- gahgae:gweh (gaw-gah-enh-gwenh); [Lit. i�s turned aside].
Interpretation: redirected.
--
Avoids (he- doing it)- hadeno:ohgwa 1ta 1 (haw-denh-noh-onh-gwah!-tawh!); --
[Lit. he makes it hard for himself].
-
Avoiding taboo - wajawenta 1 (wah-jaw-wenh-tawh!); [Lit. it avoids taboo].
Avon, NY -Ganowoges (gaw-nonh-wonh-genhs); [Lit. smelly water].
--
Awaiting - ono1 geahdoh (oh-nonh!-gay-ah-donh); [Lit. it is waiting].
Awake- o:ye:h (oh-yayh); [Lit. its awake].
Awake (all night)- dewage:hehdoh (day-waw-gay-henh-donh; [Lit. I was awake
--
all night]. --
Awake (I stay- all night) - degehenta 1 (day-gay-henh-tawh!).
Awakening-da:yoyea:je1 (daw-yoh-yay-ah-jayh!); [Lit. it is awakening].
Aware- ge:ga 1ehye:0 1 (gay-gawh!-enh-yenh-onh!); [Lit. I'm becoming aware of].
--
Awareness (sudden)- ogaje:gwah (onh-gaw-jeng-gwah); [Lit. I suddenly became -
aware].
Awarkward- de1gayeosdoh (dayh!-gaw-yenh-ohs-donh); [Lit. uncomfortable].
--
Away- ohde:jo:h (oh-denh-jonh); [Lit. it has gone]. --
Away (I am)- agahdejo:h ( ah-gawh-denh-jonh); [Lit. I have gone].
Away (I will go)- egahde:di 1 (enh-gawh-denh-deeh!); [Lit. I will be going].
-
Awesome- oiwana:gwad (oh-ee-wah-nah-gwad).
Awful- de1wiyo:h (dayh!-wee-yoh); [Lit. no good].
--
--
-
ONONDOWA·GA:' GAWE:NO•
- Awhile, in time - neyonishet (nay-yoh-nees-hayt); [Lit. however long it takes].

Awl - deyi>'isdahgwa' (day-yonh!-ees-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used to pierce with].
Axe (double bit)- deyo'swihsodahgoh (day-yoh!-sgwih-sonh-dawh-gonh).
Axe (tool) - ado:ge' (ah-doh-genh!).
- Axe (my tool) - agadoge:•sha' (ah-gaw-doh-genh!-shah!).
Axe (single bit)- ga'swihsa' (gawh!-swih-sah!); [Lit. aka tomahawk].
Azalea- ojigwe'da' aweo' (oh-jee-gwenh!-dawh!--ah-wenh-onh!).
B
Babies- nyonoho•sa:ah (nyonh-nonh-honh!-saah); [Lit. little lives].
Baby sitter (she) - yonde:noh (yohn-denh-nonh); [Lit. she remains with].
- Baby (infant)- ononi•a:a (oh-dohn-neeh!-aah); Lit. a small growth].

Baby (newborn) - gawiyahse:' (gaw-wee-yah-seeh!); [Lit. a new being].
Baby (my)- ageksa'da' (ah-gayk-sah!-dawh!).
Baby (your) saksa'da' (sawk-sah!-dawh!).
Baby's Welcome-rites - hadiksa•do:a' (haw-dik-�ah!-dow-ah!); [Lit. upholding
the babies]; a special ceremonial naming and welcoming speech is held at
designated times of year for the longhouse community to give thanks to the
Creator for each new life.
- Bachelor- deo:nyagoh (day-oh-nyaw-gonh); [Lit. he's not married].
Back and forth (I am)- agatowi:da'doh (ah-gah-tonh-wee-dawh!-donh); [Lit. I am
rocking, swinging].
Back (at the rear)- no'ge:' (nonh!-genh!).
Back (toward the rear) - no•ge:•gwa:h (nonh!-genh!-gwah).
Back (Anat.)- oswe•no• (oh-swayh!-nonh!).
Back (Anat./lower) - okahsa' (oh-kawh-sawh!).
Back ache- oswe•nono:wo:s (oh-swayh!-nonh-nonh-wonhs); [Lit. its back hurts].
Back bone (Anat.)- osje•sa' (ohs-jayh!-sah!).
Back hoe - gaehdo•gwa:s (gaw-ayh-doh!-gwahs); [Lit. it digs out dirt].
Back house- asdeh heyehdahgwa' (ahs-dayh--hay-yenh-dah-gwah!; [Lit. goes

26
--
outside] refers to out house, a 'privy', before private indoor bathroom toilets.
--
Back pack - yotgehdasta' (yohn-tgayh-daws-tawh!); [Lit. used for toting, carrier].
Back pack (frame)-ye1nigohsageta:sha1 (yayh!-nee-gonh-saw-gay-taw-shah!); -
[Lit. used for carrying large objects].
Back scratcher- yo:tge:da 1ta 1 (yohn-tgay-dawh!-tawh!); [Lit. used to scratch.with]. --
Backward (she is)- deyagodahsondai:goh (day-yaw-goh-dawh-sohn-dah
eeh-gonh); [Lit. she's in darkness], crude, has "not seen the light".
--
Backward (fell) - ga 1tsigahdo:d (gawh!-chee-gawh-dod); [Lit. fell on back, feet
._
up].
Backward (he's going)- hosho 1yoda:je1 (hohs-honh!-yoh-daw-jayh!); [Lit. he's
--
-
moving backward].
Backward- osho 1yo:d (ohs-honh!-yod); [Lit. its backward, not face forward]. --
Bad- de 1wiyo:h (dayh!-wee-yoh); [Lit. no good].
Bad breath (it has) - oishahges (oh-ees-hah-genhs).
--
Bad dream- oehsehda:tgi1 (oh-ayh-senh-dawd-geeh!); [Lit. ugly dream].
Bad storm- odetgihdoh (oh-dayd-geeh-donh); [Lit. ugly storm].
--
Bad (not good) - waetge 1 (waw-ayd-tgenh!).
Bag- gaya: 1 (gaw-yawh!).
Bail money- t'gawisda:e 1 (tgaw-wees-dawh-ayh!); [Lit. money put on there].
-
Bait- ye 1eodahgwa 1 (yayh!-ayh-oh-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used for trapping].
Bait (I will) - ege 1eode ( anh-gayh!-ay-oh-denh!); [Lit. I'm going to bait the trap].
1
--
Baited- ga 1e:od (gawh!-ay-ohd); [Lit. the trap is set with bait]. -
Bake (you)- satahgo:ndeh (saw-tah-gonh-denh). --
Baked bread- wahtahgo:ndak (wawh-tah-gonh-dawk).
Baked beans- wadesai 1do:ndak (wah-dayh-sah-eeh!-donh-dawk); [Cultural Tip: --
a pot of beans was baked in heated ashes].
Baked cob com (w/husk)- wade 1sgo:ndak 01nisda 1 (waw-day-sgonh-dawk
--
-oh!-nees-dawh!); [Cultural Tip: it was customary to bake com in embers].
Baked com- ogo:sa1 (oh-gonh-sah!); [Lit.green com scraped off cob] it was then
- --
--
--
- Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 27
- ONONDOWA·GA:· GAWE:Nb•
-
- baked and dried. It was rehydrated and cooked for serving.
Baked squash- wade:nyoso:dak (wawh-day-nyonh-sohn-dak); at
times squash was wraped in layers of wet squash leaves and baked in ashes.
Baker- hahgo:nis (hah-gonh-nees).
Baking pan-yontiihgondahgwa' (yohn-tah-gohn-dawh-gwah!; [Lit. she uses it for
baking bread].
Baking powder- yesa:ta' ( yayh-sah-tawh!); [Lit. used for rising bread dough].
Baking soda - o'ge:sde:h (oh-genhs-day).
Balanced- tsa,ja:weh (chawh!-jaw-wenh); [Lit. equal for each side].
Balancing - tsa'deyawe'oh (chawh!-day-yaw-wenh!-onh); [Lit. equally for each
- side].
Bald head - ono'hosde'oh (oh-nonh!-hohs-denh!-onh); [Lit. bare scalp].
Balking- ode'gwa:ye' (oh-denh!-gwah-yenh!); [Lit. unwilling].
Ball- e'ho:sha' (enh!-hos-hah!).
Ball game- ga:jisgwa'e:' (gah-jees-gwah!-ayh!).
Ball field- deadi:jisgwa'esdahgwa'geh (day-ah-dee-jees-gwah!-ays-dawh-gwah!-
gayh); [Lit. where they play ball games].
- Ball player- dea:jisgwa:es (day-ah-jees-gwaw-ays); [Lit. he's a ball player].
- Ball player's mush - o:jisgwa' (oh-jees-gwah!).
Balsam fir- sohgo:doh (soh-goh-donh!).
Baltimore oriole-jisha:ot Gees-haw-ont).
- Baltimore, Md- Gayahso:do' (Gaw-yawh-sohn-donh!); [Lit. standing crosses].

Band- gawahasha' (gaw-waw-hahs-hah!); [Lit. used to tie with].
Band (trumphet)-heneo'da:s (henh-neh-onh!daws); [Lit. they blow].
Band aid- oyehsa:' (oh-yenh-sah!); [Lit. poltice].
Bandaged- gayehsa:o' (gaw-yenh-sah-onh!); [Lit. a poltice on it].
Bandage (you) apply- sa:jehseoh (saw-jenh-senh-onh); .[Lit. you put on a
police] a 'bandage' in early times was likely to be a poltice of medicinal leaves
held in place with leather or cloth, which ever was available at that time, and

ONONDOWA•GA:• GAWE:Nb•
28
--
tied with cords or bands.
--
Banished (they)- ho:wenondo:wi:h (honh-wen-nonh-doh-weeh); [Lit. they have
been chased away]. -
,_
Banishment- wado:wi:h (wah-doh-weeh); [Lit. its chased away].
Banishing (continually) - wado:wia:je's (waw-doh-wee-ah-jayh!-s); [lit. keeps --
chasing away].
Bank (bldg.)- gawisdahye:ntoh (gaw-wees-dah-yehn-tonh); [Lit. where money is
planted].
-
Bank (eroded river-) - oni1ohganya'goh (oh-neeh!-onh-gaw-nyawh!-gonh). --
Bank (steep river-)- dege 1ohga:e:s (day-genh!-onh-gaw-ays).
Bankrupt- deyoja'gi:h (day-yoh-jawh!-geeh); [Lit. its become 'broke']. --·
Banned- gahnohja'goh (gaw-nonh-jawh!-gonh); [Lit. its been cut off].
Baptism- ganego:seoh (gaw-nay-goh-senh-onh); [Lit. sprinkled with water].
-
...
Baptist- Honohnesda:e' (hoh-nonh-nays-dah-ayh!); [Lit. they have a board on
them]
--
Baptized - honohnegohseoh (hoh-nonh-nay-goh-senh-onh); [Lit. they have been
sprinkled with water]. -
Bar (as barrier) - dewatso:we:ha' (day-wah-choh-way-hawh!; [Lit. used for
crossing the way].
--
Bar (tavern) - gawe 1ga:niyo:n (gaw-wenh!-gah-nee-yohn); [Lit. wood hangs
there], early saloon keepers displayed the name of the establishment on a
hanging board.
Barber- hage'i:ya 1 s (haw-gayh!-ee-yawh!-s); [Lit. he cuts hair].
·--
Barbed- oikdo:d (oh-eek-dod); [Lit. a thorn sticks out]. -
Barber shop- hage'i:ya'sgeh (haw-gayh!-ee-yawh!-s-gayh); [Lit. his hair cutting
place].
-•
Bare (empty)- de'ga:' (dayh!-gawh!). ....
Bare (nothing) - da'gwisde 1 (dawh!-gwis-denh!).
Bare (unclothed)- do 1 ohsyo:ni:h (doh!-oh-shonh-neeh).
--
-
--
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on -·-
--
Barefooted- osga•shiViih (oh-sgawh!-shonh!-onh!).

Bare (handed)- osohdahsga•ah (ohs-oh-dawh-sgah!-ah); [Lit. only its hand].
- Bare headed - ono•eosga•ah (oh-nonh!-ay-oh-sgah!-ah), [Lit. only its head].

Bare (naked) - o•nosda•geh (oh!-nos-dawh!-gayh); [Lit. on its skin].
Barely (amount)-de•ge:h (dayh!-genh); [Lit. not much].
Barely- sehgeh (senh-gayh); [Lit. with difficulty].
Bargain (agreement)- wadiwihsa•oh (waw-dee-wee-sah!-onh); [Lit. a promise
has been made].
Bargain (reduced)- wajehsa•gesdoh (wah-jay-sawh!-gays-donh); [Lit. made
- easier].
- Bark -osno• (ohs-nonh!); [Lit. tree bark].

Bark bread bowl - osno• ga•o:wo• (ohs-nonh!--gawh!-onh-wonh!).
Bark canoe- osno• gao:wo• (ohs-nonh!--gaw-onh-wonh!).
......
Bark house- osno• ganohso:d (ohs-nonh!--gaw-nonh-sohd).
- Bark hut- osno• wasgwa:de• (ohs-nonh!--wah-sgwah-dayh!); [Lit. bark lean-to].

Bark (inner)- ohga:a• (oh-gaw-ah!).
- Bark (outer) - o•wahjisda• (oh!-waw-jees-dawh!).

- Bark rattle- osno• gasdowe•sha• (ohs-nonh!--gaws-doh-wenh!-s-hah!).
Barking ( dog)- o:ni:h (oh-neeh).
Barn- gashene' weni•jo• (gahs-hay-nenh!--wenh-neeh!-jonh!); [Lit. where the
captive (tame animals) --(they) live].
Barred it - o•dwatso:we' (oh!-dwah-chonh-wenh!); [Lit. it went across it]
Barred me- o•dwakyowe:has (oh!-dwah-kyonh-wenh-has); [Lit. it came across
before me].
Barrel- ga•nohgwa• (gah!-nonh-gwah!).
Barren - da•ago:tgatwe:• gawi:ya• (dah!-ah-goh-tgaw-twenh!--gaw-wee-yah!);
[Lit. she didn't experience childbirth].
Barricade- degaoh (day-gaw-onh); [Lit. its put across].
Barrier- odeye•hihdoh (oh-day-yenh!-heeh-donh); [Lit. its in the way].

ONONDOWA'GA:' GAWE:NO' ..
30
--
Barter- dewadado 1 (day-wah-dah-donh!); [Lit. its been traded]. --
Base - ge 1 do:we 1 (genh!-donh-wenh!); [Lit. bottom].
Baseball - e 1hosha:niyoh (anh!-hos-hah-nee-yonh); .[Lit. hard ball].
.....
Bashing- gaihwayehdoh (guy-wah-yenh-donh); [Lit. hit with words].
Bashful - odi1 gyo 1 (oh-deeh!-gyonh!).
--
Basin- deyohso:d (day-yoh-sod); [Lit. with a raised edge]. --
Baskin Robins, etc - ojisgwano:h watgeo' (oh-jees-gwah-noh--waw-tgay-onh!);
-
[Lit. cold pudding --sold there].
Basket- ga 1asha 1 (gawh!-ahs-hah!).
--
Basketful - ga 1a:tsi:h (gawh!-ah-cheeh). --
Basket (ash sifter)- yo 1geo:wo:gta 1 (yonh!-genh-onh-wong-tawh!).
Basket (berry picking)- yodashe1nodahgwa 1 (yonh-das-hayh!nonh-dawh-gwah!); --
[Lit. she ties it at her waist].
Basket (comb) -yenohda:gwa 1 (yay-nonh-dah-gwah!); [Lit. used to put comb into]..
-
Basket (corn)- ye 1nisda:gwa1 (yayh!-nees-dah-gwah!); [Lit. used to put com into].
Basket (corn washing) -yegaehdowa 1ta 1 (yay-gah-aye-doh-wah!-tawh!); [Lit. used
-
for washing corn].
Basket (clothes)- yesdagwa:dahgwa 1 (yays-daw-gwah-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used
to put dirty clothes in it]. --
Basket (cross) - dega 1asheoh (day-gawh!-ahs-henh-onh); [Lit. square basket].
Basket curls- oji1syo:yo:do 1 (oh-jeeh!-shonh-yohn-donh!); [Lit. it has curled
--
points].
Basket (drop handle)- wadasha:ene 1s gatge 1sha 1 (wah-das-haw-eh-nenh!-s
--
gawt-gayh!-shah!); [Lit. drop--handle]. --
Basket (food) -yodeno 1sha:gwa 1 (yonh-denh-nonh!-shah-gwah!); [Lit. used to put
food into]. -
Basket (hominy sifter) - 0 1neyosdowanes yowo:gta' ( oh!-nay-yos-doh-waw
nenhs--yonh-wong-tawh!); [Lit. used for sifting big grains].
--
Basket (medicine) - ye 1ahsyohga:ta 1 (yayh!-ah-showh-gaw-tawh!); [Lit. medicine --
-
a e o
--
--
to put on baskets].
Basket (pack)- yohtgehdasta 1 (yohn-tgayh-daws-tawh!); [Lit. used to tote with].
Basket (potato)-yenono'dii:gwa 1 (yay-nonh-nonh!-dah-gwah!); [Lit. used to put
potatoes into].
Basket (sewing)- ye 1nikohshii:gwa 1 (yayh!-nee-konh-shah-gwah!); [Lit. used to
put sewing items into].
Basket (sieve, sifter)- yowo:gta' (yonh-wong-tawh!); [Lit. used to sift with].
Basket (small husk) - ono:shii:1 (oh-nonhs-hah!).
- Basket (winnow) - yowo:gta' (yonh-wong-tawh!). this is a large very

shallow basket used for winnowing flint com pearls, the basket is shaken in such
a way where the com pearls gather along the inner edge and the chafe gather on
......
the outer edge, if winnowed out in the wind, the chafe fly out of the basket.
-- Basket maker (she) - ye 1 ahsyo:nih (yayh!-ah-shonh-neeh).
Basket makers - hadi'ahsyoni:h (haw-deeh!-ah-shonh-neeh).
-
- Basket (singl� base) - ge 1do:we' (genh!-donh-wenh!); [Lit. basket bottom, its base
for shaping].
Basket (double base)- dege 1dowe 1se:1 (day-genh!-donh-wenh!-sayh!); [Lit. double
-- base basket bottom].
- Basket w/ strap - gasha:a1 (gahs-haw-ah!).
Bass (fish)- Jodii:do 1 Gow-daw-donh!).
Bass drum - gaoshiisde: 1 (gaw-onhs-has-denh!); [Lit. big box].
Basset hound-dewaohde:s (day-waw-onh-days); [Lit. it has long ears].
-- Basswood- o:osa 1 (ooh-sah!).
Bat (baseball)-yeyehdahgwa 1 (yay-yenh-dah-gwawh!); [Lit. used to hit with].
Bat (flying) - iiwisda 1 (ah-wees-dawh!); [Lit. a peel].
Batavia, NY - Jinyodahse:sgeh Gee-nyonh-daw-says-gayh); [Lit. mosquitos
there].
Bathing - hada:weh (haw-daw-wenh); [Lit. he is swimming]. Long before
bathtubs, bathing was done at swimming holes.
--
ONONDOWA1 GA:1 GAWE:N0 1
Bathing - haja 1dowae:s (haw-jawh!doh-waw-ays); [Lit. he is washing his body].

---
Bath rm. sink- yongohsowa 1dahgwa 1 (yohn-gonh-soh-wah!-d�-gwah!); [Lit. used --
for washing the face].
Bath tub- yoja 1 dowa: 1dahgwa 1 (yonh-jawh!-doh-wah!-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used --
for washing the body].
Bathe - saja 1 dowae:h (saw-jawh!-doh-waw-aye); [Lit. you wash your body].
--
Batter- hayehta 1 (haw-yenh-tawh!); [Lit. he hits]. -
Battle (up coming)-
going away to fight].
waenodiyoshe 1 (waw-anh-nohn-dee-yos-hayh!); [Lit. they are --
Battle (into)- henodiyoshe 1 (henh-nonh-dee-yos-hayh!); [Lit. they are here to
fight]. --
Battle (on going)- wadi:yo:h (waw-dee-yoh).
Battle axe - ga 1swihsa1 (gawh!-sgweeh-sawh!). these were weapons used during the
--
Chrusades and other conflicts on lands across the Atlantic Ocean.
Be-bopping (dance)- ohdahda:yo:h (oh:daw-daw-yonh); [Lit. popping about].
--
Beach- 0 1nehsa 1geh (oh!-nayh-sawh!-gayh); [Lit. on the sand].
Beached (away from)- waenonto:wo 1ga:go 1 (wah-anh-nonh-tonh-wonh!-gah
goh!); [Lit. they pushed the canoes from shore].
Beaching (onto shore)- waeno 1di:het (wah-anh-noh!-dee-hayt); [Lit.they are
--
coming ashore].
Bead (glass)- osdeo 1gwa 1 (ohs-day-oh!-gwah!); [Lit. (rain like) drops.
-
Beaded - degayeo1 (day-gaw-yeh-onh!); [Lit. netted work].
Bead necklace -degayeo 1 yenihjasta 1 (day-gaw-yeh-onh!-�yenh-neeh-jaws
--
tawh!); [Lit. netted work, for wearing around the neck]. -
--
Beaded belt- degayeo 1 deyotwahasta 1 (day-gaw-yeh-onh!--day-yohn-twah-haws-
tawh!); [Lit. netted work, for wearing around the waist].
Beagle - dewaohde:s (day-waw-onh-days); [Lit. it has long ears].
-
--
Beak - onyendahsa 1 (oh-nyeh-dawh-sawh!).
osae 1da 1
--
Bean (generic term)- (oh-sah-eeh!-dawh!).
-
--
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; i:i as in on --
--
Bean (baked) - wadesae1don (wah-day-saw-eeh!-dohn).

Beans (boiled) - gasae 1 dok (gaw-saw-eeh!-dok).
Bean (bush) - degagaha:d (day-gaw-gaw-hawd); [Lit. eye looking up], this bean is
white with a maroon spot.
Bean (dry)- osae 1date:h (oh-sah-ayh!-daw-tenh).
Bean Ceremony- Henodetgowo 1seoa 1 (henh-noh-dayh-tgonh-wonh!-say-oh-ah!);
[Lit. putting string beans in water].
~- Bean (chestnut)- onye1sta 1 osae 1da 1 (oh-nyeh!-stawh!--oh-sah-ayh!-dawh!); [Lit.
chestnut--bean]. {obsolete}
Bean (corn)- oea1 ge:ka: 1 ( oh-ah!-gay-kawh!); [Lit. corn stalk climber type].
Bean (hummingbird)- jitowendoh Gee-tonh-wenh-donh). {obsolete}
Bean (mashed)- osae 1daji:sgwa 1 (oh-saw-ayh!-daw-jees-gwah!).
Bean (marrow fat)- osae 1dowanehs (oh-saw-ayh!-dow-waw-nenhs); [Lit. big
-- beans].
Bean (pole)- yo 1 enota 1 (yoh-anh-noh-tawh!); [Lit. pole for vining bean variety]
Bean ( purple kidney)- aweonda:goh (awh-wenh-on-dah-gonh) [Lit. a scarlet
,- _
flowered climbing variety bean], also called scarlet runner.
Bean (roman)- ha:yok (haw-yok).
.......
Beans (scarlet runner) - aweoda:goh (aw-weh-oh-daw-gonh), [Lit. it has crimson
--.
flowers]. Also known as "bear beans".
Bean (Eng. Unknown)- odihgobso:wa: 1 (oh-dee-gonh-sow-wawh!); [Lit. they
have hooded faces].
Bean (shell) - odi1non (oh-dee!-non); [Lit. beans have formed in pod].
Bean (shelled)- wadoge:yo:h (wah-doh-genh-yonh); [Lit. it is shelled].
- Bean (small white)- osae 1dage:n (oh-sae!-dah-gehn).
Bean (sparrow)- gaisge 1 se: 1 (gaw-ees-genh!-se-h!). {obsolete}
Bean (string)- otgowo 1sa: 1 (oh-tgonh-wonh!-sawh!).
Bean (wampum)- otgo 1a 1 osae 1da 1 (oat-goh!-ah!--oh-sah-ayh!-dah!); [Lit.
wampum--bean]. {obsolete}
,--.
Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 34 ..
--
Bean (wild pea)- owendo 1 ge: 1a osae 1da1 (oh-wen-doh!-gayh!-ah--oh-sah-ayh!
dah); [Lit. pea--bean].
._ -
Bean pole- y<Viinodahgwa' (yoh!-anh-noh-dah-gwawh!); [Lit. poles used --
for climber type of beans].
Bean soup- osai 1da:gi 1 (oh-sah-eeh!-daw-geeh!). --
Bean watcher- yesai 1da:gwas (yay-saw-eeh!-da.h-gwas); [Lit. she takes out the
beans]. In the Dish-bowl game, the score is kept by the number of
--
beans won by the 2 teams (sides), a selected person is 'bean watcher'.
Beans beginning to form in pod - osarah (oh-sa.h!-ah).
--
Beans (threshed)- ga:tgwa:e:h (gaw-tgwah-ayh); [Lit. it is threshed]. --
Bear - nyagwai 1 (nyaw-gwah-eeh!).
Bear Clan - Hodijoni 1ga: 1 (Ho-dee-john-neeh!-gawh!); [Lit. they are members of
--
the Bear Clan]. Cultural Tip: The Bear Clan is 1 of 4 in the Animal Clans.
Bear dance -nyagwai' oeno (nyaw-gwah-eeh!--oh-enh-nonh!); [Lit. bear song] ;
restricted �o society members.
1
-
Bearing fruit- o:yo:n (oh-yohn); [Lit. it has fruit].
Beard- ho:tgostwi 1 0:d (hoh-tgonhs-tweeh!-od); [Lit. he is wearing a beard].
-
Beard (long) - ho:gostwi 1e:s (ho-gonhs-tweeh!-ays); [Lit. he has a long beard].
--
Beard (removed) - ho:tgostwi:ehdoh (hoh-tgonhs-tweeh!-enh-donh); [Lit. he's
taken down his beard].
--
Bears fruit - wayonta 1 (wah-yon-tawh!).
Bear skin- nyagwai 1 0 1syohsa 1 (nyaw-gwa-eeh!--oh!-show-sawh!). --
Beat (tempo)- oyehdoh (oh-yeh-donh); [Lit. it hits]
Beat (you- me in sports)- ho 1sge:gwe:ni 1 (hoh!-sgay-gway-neeh!). --
Beaten (hit)- gayehda:no' ( gaw-yenh-daw-nonh!); [Lit. its been hit over and
over]
--
Beaten (victory)- otgwe:nyo:h (oh-tgway-nyonh); [Lit. it has won]
Beater, mixer- degayesta 1 (day-gaw-yays-tawh!); [Lit. it mixes]
--·
'Beating the Dry Skin'- ga 1 nesdoga:1 e: 1 (gawh!nays-doh-gah!-ayh!); [a social dance -·-
--
Key: a as in ah; e as in.they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on -
--
_..., Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 35
- song].
-- Beatitudes -washe:h niyoiwa:ge:h (wahs-henh--nee-yoh-ee-waw-gayh); [Lit. 10

(Christian) messages].
- Beautiful- gaksa'gowa:h (gawk-sawh!-goh-wawh).
Beautiful flowers- awe:iyo's (aw-wenh-ee-yoh!-s).
Beautician - deyenohgwista' (day-yay-nonh-gwihs-tawh!); [Lit. she makes curls].
Beauty salon - deyodahnohgwista'geh (day-yonh-daw-nonh-gwis-tawh!-gayh);
[Lit. place where they make curls for her].
-
,-..
Beaver - nogonya'go' (nonh-gonh-nyah!-gonh!).
Beaver Clan- Hodige'ge:ga:' (Hoh-dee-genh!-gay-gawh!). [Lit. they are members
of the Beaver Clan]. The Beaver Clan is 2 of 4 in the Animal Clans.
Became - ho'wa:do' (hoh!-wah-donh!).
- Became time- ho'ga:e' (hoh!-gaw-ayh!).
Because (it is .. )- ne'-hegowa:h.. (nayh!-hay-goh-wawh) {C-P}
- Become (to)- ewondo' (enh-wonh-donh!).
- Becomes-light (a Clan given name)- Deyohateh (Day-yoh-haw-tayh) [it becomes

light]. { clan unknown}
Becomes morning- wo•o:het (woh!-oh-hent).
- Becomes autumn - desgadenyohs (days-gaw-day-nyonhs); [Lit. its changing].
Becomes evening- wo'o'ga:h (woh!-oh!-gah).
-
......
Becomes spri:µg - sagaswi:ne:d (saw-gaws-swee-nayd); [Lit. getting warm].
Becomes summer- ho,jogeho:di' (hoh!-joh-genh-honh-deeh!).
- Becomes winter- wo'o:sha:d (woh!-ohs-had).

Becoming- neyawe'o:je' (nay-yah-wenh!-onh-jayh!).
Becoming morning- dayohe 10:je• (dah-yoh-henh!-onh-jayh!).
Bed- gano:gda 1 (gaw-nong-dawh!).
Bed (get out of) - satgeh (sawh-tgenh); [Lit. get up].
Bed (go to)- sajashe:noh (saw-jaws-henh-nonh); [Lit. go lay down].
Bed (double)- deyogwe'da:ge:h (day-yonh-gwayh!-daw-gayh); (Lit. 2 persons].
,.....
- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ii as in on

Bed (single)- jogwe 1da:d Gonh-gwayh!-dawd); [Lit. 1 person].

Bed head (his)- hoge 1asde: 1 (hoh-gayh!-ahs-denh!); [Lit. his big hair].
-
Bed head (her)- goge 1asde:1 (goh-gayh!-ahs-denh!); [Lit. her big hair].
Bed room- ye:noesta' (yehn-noh-ays-tawh!), [Lit. used for sleeping].
Bed sores- a:oko1 (ah-oh-konh!); [Lit. sores from rubbing].
Bed time- niyeno:es (nee-yehn-noh-ays); [Lit. its when one goes to bed].
Bedbug- jikdo:ya 1 (ieek-doh-yah!).
Bedding mat (changed)- gaisga:denyo:h (gaw-ees-gah-day-nyonh).
Bedding (mat)-yenisgahgwa' (yenh-nees-gah-gwah!); [Lit. used as a mat]; furs
were used for bed mats long ago.
Bedridden (she is)- gonogdanendahgoh (goh-nong-daw-nehn-daw-gonh); [Lit.
she is stuck to her bed].
Bee- 0 1nohgo:n (oh!-noh-gohn); [Lit. it has a stinger]
Bee (mutual aide)- hodi sa:ye' (hoh-deeh!-sah-yenh!); [Lit. they help one another]
--
-
1
Many decades ago, it was common to see a group of longhouse community

._
members helping others with weeding gardens, braiding corn, etc. A group of 8
to 12 persons (men and women) from the Jonegano:h (Coldspring) longhouse -
humorously called their group 'Hadishewanehjo:d' (loaded bellies).
Beech (white)- dega:wisdaoh (day-gah-wees-daw-onh); [Lit. crossed bark].
Beechnut- osge1e 1 (ohs-genh!-enh!); [Lit. seed].
--
Bee hive- odihe 1do:n (oh-dee-hayh!-dohn); [Lit. they have a hive]. --
Beef-josgwaon 0 1wa: 1 (ios-gwaw-onh--oh!-wawh!); [Lit. cow--meat].
Beer- owe 1sta 1 (oh-wenh!-stawh!); [Lit. foam].
Bees wax - osowa 1da1 (oh-soh-wawh!-dawh!).
--
Beet - okdea' (ohk-day-ah!); [Lit. root].
Beetle- 01no:wa 1 (oh!-noh-wawh!).
--
Befitting- oye:sdoh (oh-yenhs-donh).
Before- gao' (gaw-oh!).
-
--
Beforehand - gao 1no 1wo:dih (gaw-oh!-nonh!-wohn-deeh).
--
..
-
-- 'Before All Else' - ne'edwo:jeen (nayh!-enh-dwonh-jay-ehn); [Lit. to begin with..]
-- the Gano:nyog (Thanks Giving Address), the 1st section refers to

the People: first thing is to greet one another "nyaweh sgeno'" and extend
- respect and friendship.
--- Before daybreak- dwendo:da 1s (dwen-doh-dawh!-s); [Lit. 1st rays of daylight].

Before sunset- hega:hgwa:ah (hay-gah-gwah-awh); [Lit. near to the time of
setting of the sun].
-- Befriending - odeo'syo:ni:h (oh-day-oh!-shonh-neeh); [Lit. showing friendship].

Beg (for tobacco) - hadiye1gwa 1ne:s (haw-dee-yanh!-gwawh!-nays); [Lit. they beg
-- for tobacco].
-
-- Began- johsa:' (joh-sawh!).
Began (it) - dawahsa:we' (daw-waw-saw-wenh!).
- Beggars (they are)- hadi 1nehka 1 (haw-deeh!-nay-kawh!).

Begging- ga 1ne:ka 1 (gah!-nay-kawh!; [Lit. its begging for].
-- Begin (now) - wahsa:weh (wah-saw-wenh).
Begin (with) - edwohsawe' (enh-dwoh-saw-wenh!); [Lit. it will start with... ].
Beginning (prior)- jojeehdoh (joh-jay-enh-donh).
Beginning (at the start) - johsawahgoh (joh-saw-waw-gonh).
-
-.
Begins (he) - hahsa:ha 1 (hawh-saw-hawh!).
Begrudging- ganosde 1seh (gaw-nonhs-denh!-sayh).
.-. Begun- dwahsa:1 (dwah-sawh!).
-- Begun (he has) - tohsa:1 (toh-sawh!).
Begun (she has) -jahgohsa: 1 (jaw-goh-sawh!).
Behave- sade 1ni:gos (saw-denh!-nee-gonhs); [Lit. you better act intelligent].
-
- Behaving- ode'nigo:sdoh (oh-danh!-nee-gonhs-donh, [Lit. its being intelligent].
Behavior (observable actions) - negayeno 1 de:h (nay-gaw-yenh-noh!-denh); Lit.
-- the way it is].
- Beheaded - gano'onya 1goh (gaw-nonh!-onh-nyak-gonh); [Lit. its head is cut off].

Behind- no 1ge: 1 (nonh!-genh!).
-
- Key: a. as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ii as in on
-
Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 38 _.
ONONDOWA1 GA: 1 GAWE:N0 1 -
Beholden- otga:od (ot-gaw-od); [Lit. it owes a debt]. --
Beige- onowo 1da 1e: 1 (oh-nonh-wonh!-dawh!-anh!); [Lit. color of silt].
Being that- ne 1neh (nayh!-nayh). {C-P}
Belated- oya 1dahgo:je 1 (oh-yawh!-dah-gonh-jayh!); [Lit. its coming late].
---
· Belch- 0 1dweniya 1 jak (oh!-dwenh-nee-yah!-jak); [Lit. it broke its esophagus].
Belief (our)- ogwaiwagweniyo:sdoh (onh-gwa-eeh-waw-gwenh-nee-yohs-donh);
[Lit. we are beliving].
Believe (I) - agiwagweniyo:sdoh (ah-geeh-wawh-gwenh-nee-yohs-donh).
Believed- gaiwagweniyo:sdoh (guy-wawh-gwenh-nee-yohs-donh).
Believeable- gaiwagweni:yo 1 (guy-wawh-gwenh-nee-yoh!) --
Believers (they are)- hadiwagweniyo:sta 1 (haw-dee-wawh-gwenh-nee-yohs-
tawh!).
--
Belittle - gage:nih (gaw-genh-neeh).
Bell -gashe:we 1da1 (gaws-hay-wenh!-dawh!); [Lit. shaped like a belly].
--
Bells ringing- oisdaga:h (oh-ees-daw-gawh).
Belly (Anat.)- oshe:wa 1 (ohs-hay-wawh!).
Belly (lay on my-)- degyosgwehda:1 (day-gyos-gwenh-dawh!).
--
Belly ache (it has)- gaswa:go 1s (gaws-wawh-gonh!-s); [Lit. it aches in the ribs].
Belly button (Anat.)- oshe1do:d (ohs-hayh!-dohd).
Belly laugh - ho 1tado:daik (hoh!-taw-doh-daw-eek).
--
Belong (to a medicine society)- hadiya 1 dahgoh (haw-dee-yawh!-dah-sonh); [Lit.
they are members].
--
Belongs (to)- o:weh (oh-wenh); [Lit. its].
Belonging (into a membership)- oja 1da: 1 (oh-jawh!-dawh!).
--
Belongings (my things) - agawehsho 1oh (ah-gaw-wenh-shonh!-onh).
Belongings (my security) - agashenonyasha 1 (ah-gaws-henh-nonh-nyah-shah!);
-
·•
[Lit. those things that keep me comfortable].
Beloved- ganoohgoh (gaw-noh-onh-gonh); [Lit. treasured].
Below - ehda 1geh (ayh-dawh!-gayh).
--
..
Key: a as in �; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on -
--
Belt- atwahasha1 (ah-twah-haws-hah!); [Lit. to tie around with].
- Belt- deyontwahasta 1 (day-yohn-twah-haws-tawh!); [Lit. used for tying around

oneself].
Belted - deyotwaheh (day-yoh-twah:.henh); [Lit. it has tied around itself].
Bench- gaji1 gaye:s (gaw-jeeh!-gaw-yays); [Lit. a long bench for seating].
Benches are used in the longhouse as seating for the people, and when two
are placed in the center of the room, its for the singers.
Bench (end of)- o:tsi1 ga:yok (oh-cheeh!-gaw-yok). At the end of one
-. of the singer's 2 benches is a pail of water, and spaces for the elders, who are too
-- frail to dance, to sit .

- Bench mark- oyano1 doh (oh-yaw-nonh!-donh); [Lit. it has a mark on itJ.
Bend (you bend over) - desasha 1 ge:d (day-saws-hawh!-gayd).
Bends it (he) - deahsha 1kdos (day-ah-shah!-k-donhs).
Bent (it is)- deyosha 1kdo:h (day-yoh-shawk-donh).
Bent (I - it) - ho1 gehsha 1kda:to 1 (hoh!-gayh-shawk!-dah-toh!).
Bent (its become -) - deyosha 1kdo 1he 1oh (day-yoh-shawk-donh!-hayh!-onh)
Beneath- no1 gogwa:h (nonh!-gonh-gawh).
Benefit- gaya 1dagehasha1 (gaw-yawh!-dawh-gayh-hawh-shlih!); [Lit. of
support and aid].
-..
Benefit (her) - godehs (goh-denhs); [Lit. a medicine ceremony is for her].
-.
Beneficial - wadesta 1 (waw-days-tawh!); [Lit. it helps].
Bequeathment- 0 1nigokdahgwa 1 (oh!-nee-gok-dawh-gwah!); a token given
by the family to friends and family to achnowledge rememberance and
resignation over the death of a loved one.
Bequeathment - yondahdagwadta 1 (yon-dawh-dawh-gwad-tawh!); a token of
rememberance, and for thanks given by the family to opposite Clan members
who took responsibility in fulfilling the protocols required of the traditional
-.
burial process, of their loved one.
Bereaved (they) - henode:no•s (hen-noh-denh-nonh!-s); [Lit. they are mourning].
-
Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary .
40
--
When a clan member of a Clan-side dies, that entire side is said to be in
mourning. The opposite Clan-side takes responsibility of all the details because
it is said that they are free of tears and can function.
-
Bereavement-wade:no's (waw-denh-nonh!-s); [Lit. its in mourning].
at one time the mourning period was longer, however due to wars and disease,
--
-
there was constant mourning by both Seneca Clan-sides that no one could
function, therefore the official period of mourning was reduced to 10 days.
--
Berries - ojiya'sho'oh (oh-jee-yayh!-shonh!-onh); [Lit. many fruits],
Berries (end of season) - oyagesdoh (oh-yaw-genhs-donh); [Lit. berries are gone],
-
Berries (many) -wayanoge' (wah-yaw-nonh-gayh!). --
Berries (types) - ta,joyo,de' (tawh!-joh-yoh!-denh!); [Lit. fruits of all kinds],
Berry (generic term)- ojiya' (oh-jee-yawh!). --
Berry (black)-otga:sha' (oh-tgawh-shah!).
Berry (black rasp) - otondakdo' (oh-tonh-dawk-donh!).
--
Berry (blueberry/dark)- oyaji 1 (oh-yaw-jeeh!); [Lit. huckleberry],
Berry (blueberry/high bush)-gehda 1ge:a 1 (genh-dawh!-gay-awh!).
--
Berry (goose)-jo 1 a:ga 1 waya:s Go-ah-gawh!--waw-yaws); [Lit. raccoon eats the -
berries],
Berry (low bush)- nohgwagai'ni1 (nonh-gwah-gaw-eeh!-neeh!).
--
Berry (nanny) -ga 1nehsa 1 (gawh!-nayh-sawh!).
Berry (partridge)-oshaisda 1 waya:s (ohs-haw-eehs-dawh!--waw-yaws); [Lit.
--
snake eats the berries], -
Berry (red raspberry)- dagwa 1da:ne 1 (daw-gwah!-dah-nenh!).
Berry (small, wild straw)-shesa:h ojisdohda'sha 1 (shehs-ah--oh-jees-donh-
--
dawh!-shah!). strawberry ade is said to be a medicine drink.
-
Berry (straw)- ojisdohda 1sha 1 (oh-jees-donh-dawh!-shah!); [Lit. embers on it],
Berry (thimble)- ono:sha 1 (oh-nonh-shah!).
--
Berry picking basket - yodashe'nodahgwa 1 (yonh-daws-hayh!-nohn-dawh
gwawh!); [Lit. a type of basket which was tied in front at the waist].
--
--
a e
--
-
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as. in go; u as in cue; as in at; as in end; ti as in on
-
- ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO·
Berry picking (she is)- yo:ya:s (yonh-yaws).
- Berry water- oya:gi 1 (oh-yaw-geeh!); [Lit. fruit drink].

Beside - wakah (wawk-ah).
- Besides- ne 1waih-nege 1 (nayh!-wah-eeh--nenh-genh!). { C-P}

Best- ogohso:d wiyo:h (oh-gonh-sod--wee-yoh).
Bet - (lost) - wo:ge1 ne:a' (woh-gayh!-nay-ah!); [Lit. I lost the bet].
Bet (won) - ho 1gade 1ne:a 1 (hoh!-gaw-denh!-nay-ah!); [Lit. I won the bet].
- Bet (you bet, wager)� dehsye:h (dayh-shanh); [Lit. you bet].
Better - aihge:h (ah-eeh-genh).
Betting- dega:ye 1 (day-gaw-yenh!).
Betting (for the ceremony)- de:nodeshaye: 1 (denh-nonh-denhs-hah-yenh!); [Lit.
they will play for the feast].
Beetle (7 year) - ogoyo 1 da 1 (oh-goh-yoh!-dawh!).
Beetle - wadenya:nya 1s (wah-day-nyah-nyah!-s); [Lit. it snaps its head] ; this
- beetle makes a snapping noise when moving its head.

Betray - hotga 1nigoe 1se 1 (hoh!-tgawh!-nee-gonh-enh!-senh!); [Lit. it double
crossed the mind].
- Better- aige:h - (ah-eeh-genh); [Lit. improved].
Better (advisement) - ne 1 sa 1gwah (nayh!-sawh!-gwah).
Between (position)- deyoge:h (day-yoh-genh).
Between (space)- no 1dewade 1 (nonh!-day-wah-dayh!).
Between-the-lines- de:gaiwado:gehsho (day-gah-eeh-wah-doh-genhs.,honh!);
1
[Lit. between the words].

Beware- esashaek (enh-sahs-haw-ayk); [Lit. you better be careful].
Bewitched- ganohgwa 1syoni:h (gaw-nonh-gwah!-shown-neeh); [Lit. a medicine
has been made].
Beyond (position)- si:gwa:h (see-gwawh); [Lit. over there, further]; this word is
often said to dogs if they linger too close to activities.
Beyond (distance) - oahdoh (oh-ah-donh).
- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ti as in on

42
·--
Bias (cloth) - deyotsosgwa:d (day-yoh-choos-gwawd); [Lit.threads running comer
--
to comer].
Bickering - dewadasha,oh (day-wah-daws-hawh!-onh).
--·
Bicycle - de:we'nisgao:n (day-wenh!-nees-gaw-ohn); [Lit. it has 2 wheels].
Bid- gawisdage:ya:d (gaw-wees-daw-genh-yawd); [Lit. start up price]. --
Bidder - hawisdage:yata' (haw-wees-daw-genh-yawd-tawh!; [Lit.gives a price].
Big - gowaneh (goh-waw-nenh).
--
Big (became) - ogowahe'oh (oh-goh-wah-hayh!-onh).
Bigamist (he)- deknih deonyagoh (day-kneeh--day-oh-nyawh-gonh); [Lit. he is
--
married to 2].
-
Big Breast (Myth)- Degano'gwe:s (day-gaw-nonh!-gways); [Lit."long breasts"]
Big Dipper (Ursa Major) -nyagwai' hadishe' (nyaw-gwah-eeh!--haw-dees-hayh!); -·-
[Lit. they are chasing a bear].
Big eater (it's a) - gako:waneh (gaw-koh-waw-nenh).
---
Big fish - genjo:wa:neh (genh-joh-waw-nenh).
Big hair (it has)- o:ge'asde:' (oh-gayh!-ahs-denh!). ·--
Big Heads - yade:yeo' (yah-danh-yanh-onh!); [Lit. known as uncles].
Big hearted- hodanideo:h (hoh-daw-nee-denh-onh); [Lit. he is generous]. --
Big mouthed (facial)- gahsohwaneh (gah-soh-waw-nenh).
--
Big mouthed (talks)- oiwaga,de' (oh-eeh-waw-gah!-dayh!); [Lit. it has a lot to
say].
--
Big news - gaiwasde:' (guy-waws-denh!); [Lit. much to be said]. -·
...
Big paddle - gatgonya'syowane:h (gaw-tgoh-nyah!-showh-waw-nenh).
Big Snake (Myth)- gashaisdowaneh (gahs-haw-ees-doh-waw-nenh); [Lit. aka --
Homed Snake].
Big water drum - ga'nohgo:oh (gawh!-nonh-goh-onh); [Lit. covered keg]. --
Bigoted- gage:nih (gaw-genh-neeh); [Lit. looks upon as inferior].
Bilateral- dejaohgwah ( day-jaw-onh-gwawh); [Lit. both sides], parties, groups.
-
Bile- ojitgwa:' (oh-jeet-gwah!). --
-
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ti as in on --
-
-
ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO·
Bilingual- degaweno:ge:h (day-gaw-wenh-nonh-gayh); [Lit. 2 voices].

........ Bill board- gane:stso:d (gaw-nays-chood); [Lit. standing board]
Billfish- ogawihso:d (oh-gaw-weeh-sowd).
Billiards- oji:we'da' (oh-jeeh-wenh!-dawh!); [Lit. wood knots].
- Bind (you)- swaha:h (swah-hawh); [Lit. you tie up].
Binding - gashao:n (gaws-haw-ohn); [Lit. its tied up].
Binoculars- degaga:is (day-gaw-gaw-ees); [Lit. it sees far].
- Bipartisan- degenjohgwa:ge:h (day-genh-joh-gwaw-gay); [Lit. 2 groups].

Birch (white)- dega:wisdaoh (day-giih-wees-daw-onh); [Lit. layered bark].
Birch bark- osno' (ohs-nonh!);.[Lit. bark].
- Bird (generic term)- ji'de'o:' (jeeh!-denh!-onh).
Birds (of all kinds) - ta'gahji'do'de' (tawh!-gaw-jeeh!-doh!-denh!). in
the Gano:nyog (Thanks Giving Address), a section refers to all birds, extending
- our thanks to our feathered cousins who provide us with food, decorations, song,
protection and guidance.
Birds - (flying flock) - deyonode•sade•syoje's (day-yoh-nonh-dayh!-siih
dayh!-shonh-jayh!-s); [Lit. they fly wing to wing]. {picture migrating birds}
Bird Clan Side (moiety) - jo•se:ad (joh!-say-iiyd); [Lit. 1 Clan-side: the Heron,
Snipe, Hawk, and Deer].
Birth- onogadoh (oh-nong-giih-donh); [Lit. it was born].
Birth (breech) - osho•yo:d (ohs-honh!-yod); [Lit. its backwards].
Birthday - hejoahweh (heh-joh-iih-wenh); [Lit. one cycle].
Birthing (water-break) - wa'agonegahdo:' (wah!-ah-goh-nay-gawh-donh!); [Lit.
she has lost her water].
Birthing (contractions) - yode'do':• (yonh-dayh!-donh!); [Lit. she is going through
the birthing 'process'].
Birthing (easy) - wajesa•geh (waw-jay-sawh!-gayh).
Birthing (painful) - deyago:dohoganyeh (day-yaw-goh-donh-honh-gaw-nyenh);
-- [Lit. she is suffering]. it is said the later stages of labor takes the mother at

44
--·
"death's door". In early times, women often died of childbirth complications
Birthmark- oge:no:1 (oh-genh-nonh!).
Birthmark (raised)., ojiya (oh-jee-yawh!); [Lit. a berry].
Bison- digiya 1go1 (dee-gee-yawh!-gonh!).
-
Bit (a little)- ni:yo:h (nee-yonh).
Bit (it) - 0 1ga:gai 1 (oh!-gaw-gaw- eeh!).
Bit (yourself)- esadade:gai 1 (ayh-saw-daw-day-gawh-eeh!).
Bite (you)- sasho:goh (sawh-soh-goh).
--
Biter- wadeganyahs (wawh-denh-gaw-nyahs). --
Bites - washogwao 1 (wawh-shoh-gwah-onh); [Lit. it takes several bites].
Bitten- washo:gweh (wawh-shoh-gwenh). -..
Bitter nut hickory- o:nyo 1gwajiwageh (oh-nyoh!-gwah-jeeh-waw-genh); [Lit. a
bitter tasting nut].
--
Bittersweet- geoda�a 1ko: 1 (genh-oh-daw-wawh!-konh!); [it holds the tree trunk].
Bivalve- ogo:sta 1 (oh-gonh-stah!).
--
· Black- ojesta 1e: 1 (oh-jenhs-dawh!-enh!; [Lit. color of coal, charcoal].
Black ash- yeodagwa:sos (yenh-onh-daw-gwah-sonhs; [Lit. tree used for
-
--
pounding out basket splints].
Black and blue bruise- odenohda:d (oh-denh-nonh-dawd); [Lit. a darkness inside] --
Black berry- otge:sha 1 (oh-tgenh-shah!).
Black bird- jago:gi:h (jaw-goh-geeh).
--
Black bird (red wing)- jago:gi:h (jaw-goh-geeh).
Black cohosh- geodanehgwisha:ges (genh-onh-daw-nenh-gwih-shah-genhs); [Lit.
-
smells like a horse].
Black corn- 0 1nisdaji:h (oh!-nis-dawh-jeeh); [Lit. dark corn].
Black eye (he has a -) - doahnohdo 1 (doh-ah-nonh-doh!).
-
Black-eyed Susan {Bot}- gajibso 1do:ta 1 (gaw-jeeh-sonh!-donh-tawh!); [Lit.
shines like stars].
--
Black leaves- onehda:ji 1gowa:h (oh-nenh-dawh-jeeh!-goh-wawh); Lit. great dark
--
--
--
ONONDOWA1 GA: 1 GAWE:NO'
leaves] ,of the tree of peace.

Black raspberry- otondakdo 1 (oh-tonh-dawk-donh!).
Black snake- sha:ya 1de:s (shah-yayh!-days); [Lit. his long body].
Black walnut- jo:nyo 1 gwa:k Uoh-nyoh-gwawk).
Bladder (Anat.)- gaheoda:gwa 1 (gaw-henh-onh-daw-gwawh!); [Lit. it holds the
urine].
Blame- gaiwa 1isdoh (gaw-ee-wawh!-ees-donh); [Lit. the matter has been placed
- against...].
Blame (I - it on) - giwa1 ista 1 (gee-wawh!-ees-tawh!); [Lit. I place the matter
against. ..].
- Blame (I am to -)- agi:wa 1sho 1 (ah-gee-wawh!-shonh!); [Lit. its my matter].
Blame (you are to)- sai:wa 1sho 1 (saw-eeh-wawh!-shonh!); [Lit. its your matter].
- Blamed (he - me) - wa:gehwas (waw-gayh-waws); [Lit. he placed the matter on
me].
Blameless- de 1gaiwaye:da:goh (dayh!-gaw-eeh-wawh-yenh-dawh-gonh); [Lit.
not responsible about the matter].
Bland- do 1 oga 1ohsha:d (doh!-oh-gawh!onh-shad); [Lit. no goodness], tasteless.
Blank - da 1 gwisde 1 (dawh!-gwees-denh!); [Lit. nothing].
- Blanket- yohgwa:sta 1 (yonh-gwas-tawh!); [Lit. use to cover with];
Blanket- i:yo:s (eeh-yohs).
- Blanket (covered with)- i:yo:s ohgwa:soh (eeh-yohs--oh-gwah-sonh); [Lit. it

covered with a blanket].
Blanket (wrapped )- i:yo:s deyode 1 hojeyo:h (eeh-yohs--day-yoh-dayh!-hoh-jenh-
yonh); [Lit. its wrapped itself in a blanket].
Blaze - ode:ka 1 (oh-day-kawh!); [Lit. its burning].
Bleach- wahsohgohgwas (wah-soh-goh-gwaws); [Lit. it takes out the color].
- Bleating- deyodi 1sto:d (day-yoh-deeh!-stowd).
Bleed - daga:tgwehsait (daw-gaw-tgwenh-sah-eet); [Lit. the blood came out].
..... Bleeding-jotgwehsair<ih Uot-gwenh-sah-eeh!-onh); [Lit. the blood keeps coming
-
46
--
out].
-
Blemish- ojahgwa: 1 (oh-jawh-gwawh!); [Lit. a spot].
Blend- degayesdoh (day-gaw-yays-donh); [Lit. mixed].
--
Blended- dewawenye:h (day-waw-wen-nyeh); [Lit. stirred].
Blessed (they are) - honideoh (hoh-nee-denh-onh); [Lit. they are fortunate].
--
-
Blight - oyehdoh (oh-yeh-donh); [Lit. its been hit].
Blind (he is)- deahgahgwe:goh (day-ah-gawh-gway-gonh); [Lit. his eye sight is
--
closed]
Blind (to become)- otgagahgwe:g (oh!-tgaw-gawh-gwayg); [Lit. its sigqt closed].
--
Blinding - deyoga:nyat (day-yoh-gawh-nyawt); [Lit. it bothers the eyes]. --
Blindness- deyogahgwe!he!oh (day-yoh-gawh-gweh!-hayh!-onh); [Lit. its eye
sight has become closed]. -
Blink- 0 1dwatgahgwiya1e:g (oh!-dwa-tgawh-gwih-yah!-eg); [Lit.it batted its lids].
Blinking light - dewatsisdo:gwas (day-wawh-chees-doh-gwawhs); [Lit. the embers
--
scatter].
Blister (I got)- o:go:k (onh-gohg); [Lit. Igot a raw spot].
--
Blister (on foot)- o:gahsi 1 do:k (onh-gawh-seeh!-dohg); [Lit. I got a raw --
spot on my foot].
Blisters- ao:ko 1 (ah-oh-konh!).
--
Blisters (infected)- otgehsyoni:h (ot-genh-showh-neeh); [Lit. its getting pus].
Blisters (watering)- onego:d (oh-nay-go-d); [Lit. its watering].
--
Blizzard- oye gwada:se:h (oh-yenh!-gwah-daw-sayh); [Lit. swirling snow].
1
Bloat- 01dwahda:geo 1 (oh!-dwah-daw-geh-onh!); [Lit. it swelled].

--
Bloated- deyohda:geo (day-yoh-daw-genh-onh!); [Lit. it has swelled].
1 --
Block (quilt) -oisda1 (oh-ees-dawh!); [Lit. pieces], sewed together into a block.
Block quilt- gaisda:kao' (gaw:..ees-daw-kaw-onh!); [Lit. pieces sewed together], --
blocks sewed together into a quilt.
Block (of wood)- oji:we 1da1 (oh-jee-wenh!-dawh!).
--
Blocked off- gajio:d (gaw-gee-od); [Lit. closed].
-
---
,_.
--
ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO•
Blocking off (they will be)- etadijio:de1 (enh-taw-dee-jee-oh-denh!).

Blonde hair - gohsihga:ge:n (goh-see-gah-gehn); [Lit. her light colored hair].
-- Blood - otgwehsa 1 (ot-gwenh-sawh!).
Blood clot- otgwa:1 (ot-gwawh!).
Blood sausage- okso:we 1 (ok-sonh-wenh!); [Lit. blood filled pork casings].
Blood sausage boiling- gakso:yo 1 (gawk-sonh-yoh!).
Bloodroot {Bot.} - one:kwa 1 (oh-nay-kwah!).
Bloodsucker- 0 1so:gwahdis (oh!-soh-gwah-dees).
-- Bloomed- 0 1dweo:ga: 1 (oh!-dwenh-onh-gaw:-h!).
Blooming- deyaweoga 1weh (day-yaw-wenh-onh-gah!-wenh); [Lit. opened flower]
-- Blouse- gashowesha 1 (gaws-how-ways-hah!).

Blow (you)- seo•da:h (senh-onh!-dawh).
Blowing (it is -) - 00 1da:doh (onh!-daw-donh).
-..
Blowing (I am -)- ageo1 da:doh (ah-genh-onh!-daw-donh).
Blowing (windy)- ga:ha 1 (gah-haw�!).
Blue - geoya 1e:1 (genh-oh-yawh!-enh!); [Lit. color of sky].
Blue berry (dark ) - oya:ji1 (oh-yaw-jeeh!).
Blue berry (low bush)- oohda 1ge:a 1 (onh-dawh!-gay-ah!).
Blue berry (low bush/ older Seneca version) - onohgwagae•ni1 (oh-nonh-gwa-
gaw-eeh!-neeh!).
-.. Blueberry ( med bush)- neyoo:daka:a (nayh-yoh-onh-dawk-aah).

...... Blueberry ( high bush huckleberry)- oo:de:s (oh-ohn-days).
Blueberry (swamp)- gehda 1gea:1 (genh-dawh!-gay-ah!).
Blue bells - gaswagaide1 (gaws-wah-gah-eeh-dayh!).
Blue bird- jinyowae• (jee-nyoh-waw-eeh!).
Blue cohosh- gahadago:h (gaw-haw-daw-gonh).
Blue flag - dagaodoh (daw-gaw-oh-donh!).
Blue jay- di•di:1 (deeh!-deeh!).
-
- Blue Lizard- (Myth. Being)- Jaenosgo:wa:h (jaw-enh-nohs-go-wawh).

-
--
Blue Panther- (Myth. Being) -Shodowago:wa:h (shon-doh-wah-go-wawh); [Lit.

great darkness].
--
Blunder- wo 1oye 1hik (woh!-oh-yenh!-heek); [Lit. a mistake]. -
Blunt, straight forward- oiwadohgehdoh (oh-eeh-wawh-doh-genh-donh); [Lit. ·--
straight talk]. ._
Blur - de1joye:de:d (dayh!-joh-yenh-dayd); [Lit. no longer recognizable]
Blush (make-up)- yontgo 1jonya 1dahgwa 1 (yohn-tgoh!-joh-nyawh!-dawh-gwah!];
--
[Lit. used for tinting the cheeks].
Blushing- deyo:detgwehda:nya 1s (day-yoh-day-tgwenh-daw-nyawh!-s); [Lit. she
breaks into redness].
Boar - gisgwis ganyo: 1 (gees-gwees--gawh-nyoh!); [Lit. wild pig]. --
Board- gane:sda• (gaw-nays-dah!).
Board· (hits the-) - ganesda 1es (gaw-nays-dawh!-ays).
--
Boarder- hane:woshe 1 (haw-henh-wonh-shenh!); [Lit. he's stays temporarily].
Board floor - ganesda:dehda: 1 (gaw-nays-dah-denh-dawh!); [qt. boards laid on
the floor].
--
Board house- deganesda:do• (day-gaw-nays-dah-donh!); [Lit. surrounded with
·-
boards].
Boasting (he is)- deoja 1daista 1 (day-oh-jawh!-daw-ees-tawh!); [Lit. he's putting --
himself forward].
Boat - gaowo 1 (gaw-onh-wonh!).
--
Bob cat- jigohsahse:h (jee�gonh-saw-senh); [Lit. fat face].
Bob sled -gaiyo 1ja 1 (gaw-eeh-yoh!-jawh!).
--
Bobwhite- gohgwai1 (goh-gwah-eeh!). --
Body (Anat.) - oya1da 1 (oh-yawh!-dawh!).
Body guard - haya 1danoh (haw-yawh!-daw-nonh); [Lit. he stays with the body].
-
-
Boil (infection)- ogwa:on (oh-gwaw-ohn).
Boil (she will -) - e:ye:nya:t (enh-yay-nyaw-t).
-
_,
Boiled- ganya1do:no 1 (gaw-nyaw-t-donh-nonh!); [Lit. it had been in hot water]. --
-
a e o
--
--
-
ONONDOWA1 GA:' GAWE:NO•
-
- { see: Standing pot}
Boiling (she is- it)- gonya:tdoh (goh-nyaw-t-donh).
Boiling (was)-o:nyaehsgwa1 (oh-nya-enhs-gwawh!).
Boiling- o:nyaehs (oh-nya-enhs).
-..
Boiled bread - gahgok (gawh-goh-k).
Boiled meat - ga1waok (gawh!-waw-ok)
--- Boiled sweetened com - ono 1gwisha1 (oh-nonh!-gwis-hah!); [Lit. milky com ].
Boiled green com- 0 1nisdaga1oh (oh!-nees-daw-gawh!-onh); [Lit. good tasting
com].
-. Boiled squash - ganyohsok (gaw-nyonh-sok).
Bold (he is) - hasyo:eh (haw-show-enh).
Boldness - gahsyoehsha 1 (gawh-show-enh-shah!).
'Bolt up ' - syoweo:doh (shonh-way-oh-donh); [Lit. put the bolts in], Iron worker
Term.
Bondag�- gashe:ne 1 (gahs-hay-nenh!); [Lit.captive].
Bone (Anat.)- 0 1ne:ya1 (oh!-nenh-yawh!).
- Boneset - dega1neya1honta1 (day-gawh!-nenh-yayh!-hohn-tawh!); [Lit. heals

broken bones] wild plant.
Book - gayadosha 1 (gaw-yaw-dohs-hah!); [Lit. its written on]
- Book keeper - go:tsadosha:tgae:yo: 1 (go-chawh-dohs-shah-tgaw-enh-yonh!]; [
Lit. she keeps her eyes on the papers].
Book store- gayadosha1 watgeo 1 (gaw-yaw-donh-shah!-waw-tgay-onh!); [Lit.
books and papers are sold there].
Boots -deyedahgwane:dahgwa1 (day-yeh-daw-gwah-nay-dawh-gwah); [Lit. used
over the shoes].
Boots (you put on)- desehdahgwane:deh (day-senh-dawh-gwah-nay-denh); [Lit.
-- layer your shoes].
Borders - wakdaje 1sho 1 (wawk-daw-jayh!-shonh!); [Lit. around the edges].
Bordering- dewadehkeh (day-waw-day-kenh); [Lit. next to].
-
50
-·-
Bore- ho'gayado:ni' (hoh!-gaw-yaw-donh-neeh!; [Lit. it made a hole].
--
Boring (you are) - saya'dagwenda:d (saw-yawh!-daw-gwen-dahd); [Lit. you are
a dull person].
--
Boring (he is)- hoya'dagwenda:d (hoh-yayh!-daw-gwen-dawd; [Lit.he's a dull --
person].
Born- onogadoh (oh-noh-gah-donh).
-
Borrow (I did -)- agata'do' (aw-gaw-tawh!-donh!).
Borrow (I will go to -) - egata,do:no' (enh-gaw-tawh!-donh-nonh!).
--
Borrow (you)- sata'do:h (saw-tawh!-donh).
Borrowed - wata,do' (waw-tawh!-donh!).
--
-
Borrows (he)- hahta'do:' (hawh-tawh!-donh!); [Lit. he borrows].
Bosom (Anat.) - ye:nyasda'geh ( yay-nyas-dawh!-gayh); [Lit. on her bosom].
--
. Bosom-ye:nyastago:h (yay-nyas-dawh-gonh); [Lit. concealed in her boson].
Boss (I will be) - entgenohdo:' (enh-tgenh-nonh-donh!); [Lit. I will 'take charge'].
--
Boss (she is) - je:nohdo: 1 Genh-nonh-�onh!); [Lit. she's in charge].
Boss (he is) - te:nohdo: 1 (tenh-nonh-donh!); [Lit. he's in charge].
Bothered (me)- ho 1dwaknowe:ha:e 1 (hoh!-dwak-noh-wayh-haw-enh!); [Lit. it got
--
to be trouble for me].
Bothering (me)- dewaknowe:ha:ni:h (day-wak-noh-wayh-hah-neeh); [Lit. its
being troublesome for me].
Bothersome (pesky) - dega 1nowe:ha: 1 (day-gawh!-noh-way-hawh!).
Both sides- de:jao:gwah (day-jaw-onh-gwah). --
Bottle - gashe 1da 1 (gaws-hayh!-dawh!).
Bottle-brush grass- osdisda:ne' (ohs-dees-dawh-nayh!); [Lit. a com medicine]; --
used in preparing com seed for planting.
Bottle (your)- sashe 1da 1 (saws-hayh!-dawh!).
--
Bottom - ge 1dowe 1 geh (genh!-donh-wenh!-gayh); [Lit. on the botton surface].
Bottom land- yoago:h (yoh-ah-gonh); [Lit. in the valley].
--
Bounced - 0 1wahdahda:i 1 (oh!-wawh-daw-daw-eeh!); [Lit. it sprung up]. --
-
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; ii as in at; e as in end; o as in on
--
-
--
.......
- Bouncing- ohdahda:iyo:h (oh-daw-daw-eeh-yonh); [Lit. its springing up and

down].
Boundary- gaisdi1 syo:h (gay-ees-deeh!-shonh); [Lit. marked border].
Bow (weaponry)- wa 1e:no 1 (wawh!-enh-nonh!).
Bowed (her head) - dayonde1 nen (daw-yonh-denh-nen). {aversion of bow}
Bowel (Anat.)- okso:we' (ohk-sonh-wenh!); [Lit. intestine].
Bow legged- dega:nyodagaide 1 (day-gaw-nyoh-daw-gaw-eeh-dayh!).
Bow string- ganohsoda:a' (gaw-nonh-soh-dah-ah!).
-. Bow string (stretched)- ganohsoda:de 1 (gaw-nonh-soh-dah-dayh!).
Bowing ( he's)- deono:nya 1 goh (day-oh-nonh-nyawh!-gonh). {aversion of bow}
Bowl -deyohso:d (day-yoh-sowd); [Lit. it has an edge].
Bowl (mixing) - deyowenye 1 dahgwa 1 (day-yonh-wenh-nyeh!-dawh-gawh!);
[Lit.its used for stirring into].
Bowl game- ga:nyendowa:neh (gaw-nyen-doh-waw-nenh); [Lit. big game].
Bowl game (aka)- gaje 1 ge:ka:1 (gaw-jenh!-gayh-kawh!); [Lit. bowl/dish gam�].
- Bowl game (dice) - gasge'e' (gaws-genh!-enh!); [Lit. peach stones], 6 pits, one side
darkened; 6 identical pits wins 5 beans, 5 identical pits wins 1 bean.
Bowl game (bean watcher) - yesae 1 da:gwas (yay-saw-ayh!-dah-gwas); [Lit. she
picks out beans].
-- Bowl game (payer) - yega:nya 1s (yay-gaw-nyawh!-s); [Lit. she pays].
Bowl game (referees) - honotgaeo' (hoh-nohn-tgaw-enh-yonh!); [Lit. they watch].
Bowl game (collector) - ha:es (haw-ays); [Lit. he collects the bets].
Bowling - deadiji:we 1da:yeo' (day-ah-dee-jee-wenh!-daw-yenh-onh!); [Lit. they
play with wood knots].
Bowling pins - oji:we1 da 1 (oh-jee-wenh!-dawh!); [Lit. wood knots].
Bowman's root - odekdagwado 1 (oh-dek-dah-gwa-donh!); [Lit. crooked root].
- Bow string - ganohsodahta 1 (gaw-nonh-sonh-dawh-tawh!); [Lit. to attach with].
Box- gaosha 1 (gaw-onh-shah!).
Box turtle - ga 1 ja:sgwa 1 (gawh!-jaw-sgwawh!).

52
-
Box turtle rattle - ga•ja:sgwa 1 ga'nowa' (gawh!-jaw-sgwawh!-- gawh!-noh
--
wawh!).
Box turtle rattle (used for)- yontowi:sata 1 ga 1nowa 1 (yonh-tonh-wee-saw-tawh!-- -
,_
gawh!-noh-wawh!); [Lit. women's rattle].
Boxer- deadadego:es (day-ah-daw-day-goh-ays); [Lit. he hits]. -
.._
Boxing- dewadadego:es (day-waw-daw-day-goh-ays); [Lit. it hits].
Boy- haksa 1 a:ah (hawk-sawh!-aah).
·--
Boys (2)- possessive pronoun prefixes: de:ni; wa:ni, hi:
Bra - deyohno 1gowagta 1 (day-yonh-noh!-goh-wag-tawh!); [Lit. holds the breasts
--
tight]. --
Bracelet -yeneshahasta 1 (yenh-nehs-haw-haws-tawh!); [Lit. to be worn around the
wrist]. -...
Bracken- onya 1gwa 1 ( oh-nyah!-gwah!); a large fem..
Braid- ganyahji 1da 1 (oh-nyah-jeeh!-dawh!).
--
Braid- oisge 1da 1 (oh-ees-genh!-dawh!). { old language} --
Braided- ganyahji 1do:d (gaw-nyah-jeeh!-doad).
Braided- gaisge 1do:ni:h (gaw-ees-genh!-donh-neeh). { old language} --
Braided dry com- osde 1sha1 (ohs-denh!-shah!).
Braided dry com (long)- osde 1she:sos (ohs-denh!-shay-sonhs).
--
Braids (long)- ganyahji 1de:sos (gaw-nyah-jeeh!-days-sonhs).
Brain (Anat.)- oji'tsowohda 1 (oh-jeeh!-shonh-wonh-dawh!).
--
._
Brain (in your -)- saji 1syowohda:go:h (saw-jeeh!-shonh-wonh-dawh-gonh).
Brain drain- 0 1nigoehshehdoh (oh!-nee-gonh-enh-shenh-donh); [Lit. tired mind]. --
Brain stormed (they) - waenenohdo:nyo 1 (waw-enh-neh-nonh-'donh-nyonh!); [Lit.
they thought repeatedly].
-
--
Brambles - oikdatgi 1 (oh-eek-daw-tgeeh!); [Lit. ugly thorns].
Branch- 0 1swi:ya1 (oh!-sgwee-yah!).
Branch (tip of) - ogwi:ya1 (oh-gweeh-yah!).
--
Brant, NY -Tgeodo:d (tenh-onh-doad); [Lit. pole standing there]. --
--
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ti as in on -
--
Brats- gaksa 1 dae 1gehdoh (gawk-sah!-daw-ayd-genh-dong); [they have been

made spoiled children].
-- Brave- gahsyo:eh (gawh-show-enh); [Lit. daring].
Brawl - wae:nondiyohsyo: 1 (wah-ayh-nonh-dee-yoh-showh!; [Lit. they got to
- fighting].
Bread- oahgwa 1 (oh-ah-gwawh!).
- Bread crust- odawehga: 1 (oh-daw-wenh-gawh!).
- Bread (inside of) - oa 1da 1 (oh-awh!-dawh!); [Lit. its core].

Bread (type of) - ono 1da: 1 (oh-nonh!-dah!); [Lit. unknown].
-.. Bread (baked) - watahgondak (waw-tah-gohn-dawk).
--- Bread (boiled) - gahgok (gawh-gook); [Lit. flint com dumplings].
Bread (dry) - oahgwa:te: 1 (oh-ah-gwah-tenh).
Bread (early)- ganeo:te 1doh (gaw-nay-oh-teh!-donh); [Lit. pounded com].
Bread (fresh)- oahgwa:se: 1 (oh-ah-gwah-sayh!).
Bread (fried) - gahgwagi 1da:h (gawh-gwah-geeh!-dawh).
Bread (stale) - oahgwa:ga:yoh (oh-ah-gwah-gaw-yonh); [Lit. old bread].
Bread (unsliced)- de 1gaisja 1goh (dayh!-gaw-ees-jawh!-gonh).
Bread (white com wheels)- gagaehdehdo 1 (gaw-gaw-eeh-denh-donh!); [Lit. hulls
removed].
- Bread (yellow com)- gahgok (gawh-gook); [Lit. yellow com meal dumplings].
Bread ceremony- henotahgwe:es (henh-nonh-tah-gways); [Lit. gathering bread].
Bread, 1 slice - joisda:d (ioh-ees-dawd).
Bread, sliced- gaisja 1goh (gaw-ees-jawh!-gonh).
Break (you) - sa:jo:h (sah-jonh); [Lit. you break it].
- Break (into bits) - de:shid (days-heed); [Lit. you break it into bits].
Break (off) - edwodowa:go1 (enh-dwonh-doh-wah-goh!).
........
Breaking wind - ho 1gaisde:ni 1 (hoh!-gaw-ees-day-neeh!).
Breaking wind - deyo 1dohdoh (day-yoh!-doh-donh). Vulgar term.
Breast (Anat.) - deyeno 1go:n (day-yoh-nonh!-gohn); [Lit. her breasts].
-
-- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; 5 as in on
Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary ·
54
--
Breast feeding - yodeno1gea 1ta 1 (yonh-denh-nonh!-gay-at-tawh!).
--
Breast milk - ono 1gwa 1 (oh-nonh!-gawh!).
Breast milk (producing less) - gano 1 gwasdesta 1 (gaw-nonh!gwas-days-tawh!).
Breast milk (dried) - 0 1gano1gwasdes (oh!-gaw-nonh!-gwas--days).
Breath- oisha 1 (oh-ees-hah!). --
Breath (baby's first)- ho 1wado:wi 1 (hoh!-waw-donh-weeh!).
Breath (final)- ho 1wadoiswe 1de 1 (hoh!-waw-doh-ees-wayh!-denh!; [Lit. end.of
--
breath]. ...
Breath (last few breaths) - wadoiswe 1ta 1 (waw-doh-ees-wayh!-tawh!).
Breath (lose one's) - wa 1agodoishado:1 (wah!-ah-goh-doh-ees-hah-donh!); [Lit.
--
she lost her breath]. --
Breath (he's short of -) - hadoishasahs (haw-doh-ees-hahs-ahs).
Breathe in- dasadoisheo 1e:g (daw-saw-doh-ees-henh-onh-ayg).
--
Breath out - dasadoishen (daw-saw-doh-ees-hen).
Breathing - wado:nye 1 s (wah-donh-nyeh!s); [Lit. it is breathing].
·,-_
--
Breathless- de 1joihsha:d (dayh!-joh-ees-had); [Lit. it has no more breath].
Breathes (he)- hado:nye 1s (haw-donh-nyayh!s). --
Breech birth- osho 1yo:d (ohs-honh!-yoad); [Lit. its backwards].
Breech cloth - ani:nodasha (aw-nee-noh-daws-hah!); [Lit. used as an apron].
1
-....
Breeze- deyoawe:nye:h (day-yoh-ah-wenh-nyayh).
Briars- oikdaye' (oh-eek-daw-yenh!); [Lit. thorns here].
--
Bribed - gaga:nya 1gi:h (gaw-gaw-nyah!-geeh); [Lit. its been paid off].
Brick- 01sgwa:ih (oh!s-sgwah-eeh); [Lit. cooked stone].
Brick house - degasde:do' (day-gaws-denh-donh!); [Lit. surrounded by mortar].
--
Brick layer- deasde:do:' (day-ahs-denh-donh!); [Lit. works with mortar].
Bride-to-be- gonya:ke 1 (go-nyaw-kayh!); [Lit. she's getting married].
-
Bridegroom- honya:ke1 (ho-nyaw-kayh!); [Lit. he's getting married].
Bridge- wasgo:h (waws-go-onh).
Bridge (long) - wasgwe:s (waws-gways).
-
--
--
- Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary
55
Briefly - da 1jiuh (dawh!- jee-uuh); [Lit. for a little while].

Bright - deyohateh (day-yoh-haw-tayh); [Lit. light].
Bright day- deyohatetsi:yo:h (day-yoh-haw-tayh-chee-yoh); [Lit. full light].
Brightness - deyohatehsha 1 (day-yoh-haw-tayh-shah!).
Brilliant - dewadehgondo:nyoh (day-waw-denh-goh-donh-nyonh); [Lit. sparkling]
Brimstone- deyo1 dohgwahgwa 1 (day-yoh!-donh-gwah-gwah!); [Lit. it bursts into
flames], refers to the "fire of hell" found in passages in the Bible.
Brine- ojike 1da:gi 1 (oh-jee-kayh!-daw-geeh!); [Lit. salt water].
Bring (you)- dasha:h (daws-hawh).
Bring about - nehtga:wihdak (nenh-tgaw-weeh-dak); [Lit. it will become].
- Bring to a point- hehgaya 1te: 1 (henh-gaw-yawh!-tayh!); [Lit. it will bring it to that
- place].
Bring to conclusion - hegayeisdong (henh-gaw-yay-ees-dong); [Lit. it will reach to
its end].
Bring in (you) - dahsyo 1t (dawh-shont); [Lit. you enter it].
-
--
...
Bring to life - ewondohe:d (enh-won-donh-hayd); [Lit. it will come to life].
Bring to light - 01yohahsi 1 (oh!-yoh-hawh-seeh!); [Lit. it revealed it].
- Bring trouble to - dewogye 1hihde 1 (denh-wonh-gyenh!-hih-denh!); [Lit.it will
cause me troublesome obstacles] .
Bring (the 2 boys --)- tia:s (tee-awhs).
Bring (the 2 girls --) - knia:s (knee-awhs).
Broad cloth - oswa:de:h (oh-swaw-denh).
Broad - wadagwen (wah-daw-gwen); [Lit. wide].
Brockport, NY- Gwehda:e1 Netganodo 1de:h (gwenh-d'h-anh!--nay-gaw-non
.....
doh!-denh); [Lit. red village there].
Broke water- wa 1agonegahdo: 1 (wah!-awh-goh-nayh-gawh-donh!); [Lit. s he lost
her water].
Broke (off) - 0 1wadowa:go 1 (oh!-waw-doh-wah-goh!); [Lit. it snapped off].
. Broken (it is)- oda:jo 1 (oh-dah-jonh!).

56
--
Broken arm (it has) - deyohnentsakgoh (day-yoh-nen-chawk-gonh).
-
Broken leg - deyohtsi:nyakgoh (day-yoh-chee-nyak-gonh).
Broken (off) - odowa:gweh (oh-doh-wah-gwenh).
--
Brooch- ganyo1sga 1 (gaw-nyonh!-sgah!). --
Brooch (owl shaped) -0 10:wa: 1 (oh!-oh-wawh!).
Brood- gawaji:ya 1 (gaw-wah-jee-yah!).
--
Brooding- gane:ta1 (gaw-nay-tawh!); [Lit. setting hen warming her eggs].
Brook- geho:de 1 (genh-honh-dayh!).
-
Brook trout- ja:we:h (jaw-wenh).
Broom- gasgawa1sha 1 (gaws-gaw-wawh!-shah!) [Lit. branches used for raking],
--
-
the story of Handsome lake upon rising from his bed and falling at the doorway,
· his daughter was at that time raking/sweeping up to the edges of the woodline. --
Broom (my)- agesga:wa1sha 1 (ah-gays-gah-wah!-shah!).
Broth- onegagi1 (oh-nay-gaw-geeh!); [Lit. watery].
--
B�other Sun- ede:ka: 1 gahgwa: 1 (enh-day-kawh!--gaah-gwah!); [Lit. daytime
orb]. Oral Tradition: The sun is the transfonned body of SkyWoman's brother. -- -
Brother (my older) -hahji 1 (hawh-jeeh!).
Brother (my younger)- he 1ge: 1 (hayh!-genh!). --
Brother (your) - snyade 1ge: 1 (snyaw-dayh!-genh!).
Brother-in-law (my) - agyajoh (ah-gyaw-joh).
--
Brothers- yade1ge: 1 (yaw-dayh!-genh!); [Lit. they are brothers].
Brothers (all) - swade 1ge:1sho1 (swaw-dayh!-genh!-shonh!). ---
Brothers and sisters (they are) - henode1 ge: 1sho1 (hen-nohn-dayh!-genh!-shonh!).
Brothers and sisters (we are)- agwade 1ge: 1sho1 (aw-gwa-dayh!-genh!-shonh!). -...
Brothers-in-law (your)- yajoh (yaw-joh).
Brothers-in-law (my)- agya:joh (ah-gyaw-joh).
--
Brothers - dwadade 1ge:1 (dwa-daw-dayh!-genh!); [Lit. we are brothers]. In the
various oratory by Hodino:so:ni' leaders in negociations at official meetings,
--
had consistently referred to the colonialists as 'Brothers'. --
-
a e o
--
--
-
ONONDOWA·GA:• GAWE:Nb•
Brought about (they)- to:diawihdahgoh (toh-dee-ah-weeh-dawh-gonh); [Lit. they

have brought the matter with them].
Brow (Anat.) - ogahgweohsa' (oh-gawh-gwe-ohs-hah!).
Brown- oisgwanye•da•e:' (oh-ees-gwa-nyenh!-dawh!-enh!); [Lit. the color of
wood smut].
Bruise - odenohda:d (oh-denh-nonh-dawd); [Lit. black and blue within].
Bruise (to)-ewohdahgwa:s (enh-wonh-dawh-gwaws).
- Bruised (it is)- ohdahgwa:seh (oh-dawh-gwah-senh).

Brush - osga:wa' (ohs-gaw-wawh!).
- Brush fire- wo•osgawa:de:g (woh!�ohs-gaw-waw-dayg).

Brush (teeth)- sahno•jowae:h (sah-noh!-joh-waw-ayh); [Lit. wash your teeth]. Up
- to a hundred and fifty years ago, the cleaning of teeth by rubbing them with
powdered charred wood particles and rinsing well was still practiced.
Brush wood- osga:wa• (ohs-gaw-wawh!).
-
- Brutal - ga•nyagasde• (gawh!-nya-gaws-dayh!); [Lit. heavy handed].
Bucket - gano•ja• (gaw-nonh!-jawh!).
Bucktooth - Sohsowa; [Lit. big cap]. He was born in 1752, at the Genesee Flats
He was said to be about 4 feet tall. In 1815, as the story goes that as a young
man brought his family by boat up river in search of a place to settle, prior to
- 1798. He happened to be digging and found a huge tooth, eighteen inches long
which he kept for a long time. People coming to see it eventually named him
'Bucktooth'.
Bucktooth, NY- Sohsowa- an original settlement at West Salamanca
named for a Seneca man, Sohsowa, before the area was surveyed in 1798. West
- Salamanca had an Erie Railroad depot in 1852, Hotel and Post Office named for
Bucktooth, for many years. Villages were laid out by US Commissioners in
1875.
Bucktown (Cattaraugus territory)- Onondago:gwah (oh-non-daw-gonh-gwawh);
- [Lit. below the hill]. The 1st resettlement from Buffalo Creek was at Newtown
--
58
--
(Catt.), other settlements were named from Newtown's vantage point.
--
Bud- osgwe 1e:a 1 (oh-sgwayh!-eyh-ah!).
Budged- 0 1 joni1e:g (oh!-joh-neeh!-ayg); [Lit. it moved slightly] tremor.
--
Buffalo- digiya'go' (dee-gee-yah!-gonh!). --
Buffalo dance - degiya1go' oeno' [restricted to society members].
Buffalo mullet - odo 1a 1 (oh-doh!-ah!); [Lit. hump back]. --
Buffalo, NY- Dosyo:we:h (doh-show-wenh); { a corruption of the original word
for the Buffalo Creek settlement, a pronounciation which has become the
--
'norm'}
Buffalo Creek - Dejohsyoge:h (day-joh-show-genh); [Lit. between the basswoods]
--
-
Buffet- godaja1 dagehas (goh-daw-jawh!-daw-gay-haws); [Lit. helping yourself]
Bug- 0 no:wa1 (oh!-noh-wawh!).
1 --
Bug zapper - gashe 1danyohs (gas-henh!-daw-nyohs); [Lit. it traps flies].
--
Build (to)- egahsyoniak (enh-gawh-showh-nee-ayk); [Lit. to be made].
..
Building - ganohso:d (gaw-nonh-soad); [Lit. house].
Bulb- 01nohsa1 (oh!-noh-sawh!). refers to bulbs for planting. --
Bulge - ao 1 ga:de 1 (ah-oh!-gah-dayh!).
Bulge out - dayoyage'o:je' (daw-yoh-yah-genh!-onh-jayh!); [Lit. its coming out]. --
Bulging eyes - deyogao 1 gwao 1 (day-yoh-gaw-oh!-gwa-onh!).
Bull- deyo 1sgwa:d (day-yoh!-sgwawd); [Lit. it has testes].
--
Bull frog - gwaneno:h (gwah-nenh-nonh!).
Bull-headed - ga nigoe 1hasde 1 (gawh!-nee-goh-enh!-haws-dayh!); [Lit. it has a
--
--
1
strong mind].
Bullets - 0 1sgwa: 1 (oh!-sgawh!). ._
Bullish - watsi:nosta' (waw-chee-nohs-tawh!); [Lit. it acts tough].
Bumble bee - wadi1nohgi:i:ta1 (waw-deeh!-nonh-goh-tawh!).
--
Bumped- ho 1ga:yen (hoh!-gaw-yen); [Lit. it hit].
Bunch- ohgwaihsa' (oh-gwah-ee-shah!); [Lit. a bunch i.e.,flowers].
--
Bunch berry- ohsigweon o:ya' (oh-see-gweh-ohn--oh-yawh!); [Lit. snake berry]. --
--
- -
- Bundle - gane:nosha• (gaw-nenh-nonhs-hah!); [Lit. something wrapped].

'Bundle of Arrows' - ga•hasdehsha' (gawh!-haws-days-hah!); [Lit. an expression of
strength in unity]. A metaphor that a unity of Nations is stronger than one
Nation in dealing with threatening forces.
Bundled( together)-degayoa:goh (day-gaw-yoh-ah-gonh); [Lit. gathered and tied]
Bundled (swaddling)- dega•hoje:yo:h (day-gawh!-hoh-jenh-yonh); [Lit. wrapped]
Bundles (they made)- waenode:nonya:no:' (waw-enh-nonh-day-nonh-nyaw-
- nonh!).
Bur - onohda• (oh-nonh-dawh!).
Burden litter - gaeyo•ja' (gaw-ayh-yoh!-jawh!).
Burden strap- ganohsoda:a' (gaw-nonh-sonh-dawh!).
Burdock- onehd·owa:nes (oh-nenh-doh-waw-nenhs); [Lit. big leaves].
Burgler- hanosgwaoh (haw-nohs-gwa-onh); [Lit. he steals].
Burglary - ganosgwe1 (gaw-nonhs-gwenh!); [Lit. thievery].
Buried- gahsa:do' (gawh-saw-donh!).
- Buried- t'gasa:do 1 (t' gawh-saw-donh!); [Lit. it's buried there].

Buried (I- it)- ho•gehsado:' (hoh!-gayh-saw-donh!).
Burial- egahsahdo:g (enh-gawh-saw-dong); [Lit. it will be buried].
.....
Burn (you - it) - sontoh (sohn-toh).
Burned (I- it)- 0 1ke 1da: 1 (oh!-kenh!-dawh!). (refers to object)
- Burned (flesh) - ho•ge•sgo:dat (hoh!-gayh!-sgonh-dawt); [Lit. I burned my flesh].

Burned (my hand) - ho•genisohde•da:' (hoh!-genh-nees-oh-denh!-dawh!).
· Burned (was)- gae•da:h (gaw-enh!-dawh). (refers to object)
Burned- wo 10:de:g (woh!-oh-dayg); [Lit. it burned]. (refers to object)
Burning - ode:ka 1 (oh-day-kawh!). (refers to object)
Burning tobacco (he is) - haye 1gontwas (haw-yenh!-gon-twas).
Burning Springs (Catt. Terr.) -Jonegade:gas Goh-nay-gaw-day-gaws); [Lit.
burning water there] from seeping under ground natural gas.
- Burned House (Cornplanter Grant) - Jonohsade:geh Goh-nonh-saw-day-genh);

60
-
[Lit. burnt house there]. In 1795, U.S. president George Washington and state of
··--
Pennsylvania granted Cornplanter and his heirs 780 acres to be held in
perpetuity, on the west bank of the Allegany river, south of the NY state line.
,_ -
Burnt- ode:geh (oh-day-genh). (refers to object)
Burnt-com soup - one 1da 1 (oh-nenh!-dawh!). --
Burped - ho 1 dweniya1jak (hoh!-dwenh-nee-yawh!-jak).
Bur-r-r- aju:h (aw-jooh); { expression for feeling cold}
--
Burrows - oyadehnyo 1 (oh-yaw-day-nyonh!); [Lit. holes]. -
Burying - hadihsahdo: 1 (haw-deeh-sawh-donh!); [Lit. they are burying].
Bury (I will) - egehsado: 1 (anh-gayh-saw-donh!). --
Bury (process of covering with dirt) - ho 1dwahtehdeo 1 e:g (hoh!-dwah-tayh-denh
onh-ayg).
-
....
Bury the Hatchet - swa 1 sgwihsahsed (swawh!-sgweeh-sah-sayd; [Lit. hide the
hatchet] is referenced to the founding of the Hodinohso:ni' Confederacy, when
-·
-
member nations symbolically threw weapo_ns of war into a large pit, burying
them under the Great Tree of Peace.
--
Bush- osga:yo:d (ohs-gaw-yoad). -..
Bush honeysuckle - gasha:ge 1 s (gaws-hah-genh!s).
Bushel- sga 1a:tsi:h (sawh!-aw-cheeh); [Lit. one basket full].
--
Burst- 0 wahdohdai1 (oh!-wah-doh-dah-eeh!); [Lit. it popped].
1
Bursting - ohdadohgweh (oh-daw-donh-gwenh); [Lit. popping].

--
Busy- dega:yeho:1 (day-gaw-yenh-honh!). --
Busy (I am)- dewage1 nyodage:1oh (day-wah-genh!-nyoh-daw-genh!-onh); [Lit.
my fingers are quickly moving about]. --
Busy body (she)-yewe:ho: 1 (yay-wenh-honh!).
But- ne 1gwa:neh (nayh!-gwah-nayh). {C-P}
--
Butcher - dea 1waita 1 (day-ah!-waw-eeh-tawh!); [Lit. he cuts up meat].
Butter- owisa:ta 1 (oh-wee-sah-tawh!).
--
Butter milk- ono gwatge:h (oh-noh!-gwa-tgenh); [Lit. spoiled milk].
1
--
-
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on -
-
-
ONONDOWA•GA:· GAWE:Nb•
- Butter nut-jonyo'gwe:s (joh-nyoh!-gways).
- Butter fly- oji'dano:we' (oh-jeeh!-daw-nonh-wenh!).
Buttocks (Anat.) - gano,sha' (gaw-nonh!-sah!).
-- Button - gajihgwa' (gaw-jeeh-gwah!).
Button hole- deyenohsondahgwa' (day-yay-nonh-son-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used to
fasten with].
Button wood- gajihgwa:no:ta, (gaw-jeeh-gwah-noh-tawh!); [Lit. it hangs
- buttons].
-- Buy (you)- sni:noh (snee-nonh).
-
-..
Buyer - haninoh (haw-nee-nonh); [Lit. he buys].
Buzzard- oji•do:geh (oh-jeeh!-doh-gayh).
By gone - oahdoh (oh-ah-donh).
By the way ...- nege:t koh ... (nenh-gent--koh). { C-P}
C
--
Cabbage - ono'eosa' (oh-nonh!-ay-oh-sawh!).
-.. Cabin- ne:wasgwa'a:a (nay-was-gwah!-aah); [Lit. small lodge].
......
Cabinet - eni:sha• (enh-nees-hah!); [Lit. pole shelf]. Longhouse type homes had
pole shelves above the sleeping quarters for storage of personal items. Much
later when cupboards and cabinets were introduced, the same word 'pole shelves'
was applied to identify this piece of furniture.
Cabinet maker - henihsyo:nis (henh-nees-shonh-nees); [Lit. he makes pole
--
- shelves].
Caboose- no•ge:' ga'sehdani:yondaje' (nonh!-genh!--gawh!-sayh-daw-nee-yohn
daw-jayh!); [Lit. at back--is an attached car].
-- Cake- oahgwa:wenoe• (oh-ah-gwah-wenh-noh-ayh!); [Lit. sweetened bread].
Cake (iced)- gaste:od (gaws-day-od); [Lit. tear drops]. Cakes iced with a sugar
glaze dripped down the sides like tear drops. Long ago, girls entered missionary
schools and there learned to bake cakes with icing, bringing this new talent
home and to the communities. Language was invented to identify 'iced cake'.
-
....
62
--
Calamity- oda'swae:tge'oh (oh-dah!-swaw-ayt-genh!-onh). [Lit. it has met with
--
bad luck].
Calculator- washe:das (waws-hay-daws); [Lit. it counts]. - -
....
Calf- ojisda'tsa' (oh-jees-dawh!-chawh!).
Calico com- hehgowa:h (hayh-goh-wawh). --
Calico (fish)- ojisdanohgwe:o' (oh-jees-daw-noh-gwenh-onh!); [Lit. colorful].
Calico print- ojisdahnohgwe:o' (oh-jees-daw-noh-gwenh-onh!); Lit. colorful].
--
Calking-_deyocfo:ekohgwa' (day-yoh-doh-ay-konh-gwah!); [Lit. used to fill
spaces with].
--
Call (you will) - ehsya:s (enh-shaws); [Lit. you will name it]. --
Called (name)- gaya:soh (gaw-yaw-sonh).
Called (come)- hegeno:goh (hay-genh-nonh-gonh). -
--
Called (phone)- hegaisdoda:doh (hay-gaw-ees-donh-dawh-donh).
Caller (dance)- dai:wahgwa' (daw-eeh-wah-gwah!); [Lit. he calls out] name given
to the square d�nce caller].
--
._
Callous- a:gwahda' (ah-gwah-dawh!).
Callous (I have)- o:ga:gwahdaeh (onh-gah-gwah-daw-enh). --
Calm - tiyojeeh (tee-yoh-jay-enh); [Lit. quiet].
Camel (bactrain)- odo'agwa:on (oh-doh!-ah-gwah-ohn); [Lit. it has a hump].
--
Camel (dromedary)- ganya'sgwa:d (gaw-nyah!-sgwawd); [Lit. its neck is bent].
Cameleon - jaenos (jaw-enh-nonhs).
--
Camera - gaya,daha' (gaw-yawh!-daw-hawh!); [Lit. it draws]. --
Camisole- no'goka:' gashowesha' (nonh!-gonh-kawh!--gaws-hoh-ways-hah!);
[Lit. under-shirt]. -
Camp- ganondaye' (gaw-non-daw-yenh!); [Lit. a temporary shelter]. Also refers
to the temporary lodges built by hunting parties when hunting for game in far
--
away forests. The opening of Gaiwi:yoh speaks of the hunt. When the
Europeans descended on the shores of Turtle Island, their settlements were -
referred to as 'camps' ; in time the definition changed from temporary to
--
--
--
-
ONONDOWA•GA:' · GAWE:NO'
- permanent.
Camp (large)- ganondasde:' (gaw-non-daws-denh!); [Lit. a large mumber of
camps] also refers to a large city.
Camp (small)- ne:ganonda,a:a (nay-gaw-non-dawh!-ah-ah); [Lit. a small number
of camps] also refers to a village.
-.. Camp (I will) - eknondaye:' (enh-knoh-daw-yenh!); [Lit. I will set up camp for
- myself and my things, temporarily.

Camping (I am) - aknondaye' (awk-knoh-daw-yenh!); [Lit. I have set camp
temporaily.
Camp fire (I will make )- egade:gat (enh-gaw-day-gat).
- *Burst into flame- ho'jo'dohgwak (hoh!-joh-donh-gwak).
*Embers - oji:sta' (oh-jees-dawh!).
..... *Fire.burned out- ho'gahje:dat (hoh!-gaw-jenh-dat).
*Fire dying out-wa'swas (wah!-swaws).
*Fire put out - wa'swahdoh (wah!-swah-donh).
*Fire started- wadega'doh (wah-day-gawh!-donh).
*Good burning fire - gahje:iyo:h (gah-jenh-eeh-yoh).
*Heavy smoke - oye'gwa:tgi' (oh-yenh!-gwah-tgeeh!).
*Hot embers - oji:sdaye' (oh-jees-daw-yenh!).
-- *Smoking- oye•gweod (oh-yenh!-gway-od).
*Started to bum well - ho'gahje:iyoh (hoh!-gaw-jenh-eeh-yoh).
Canada- Swe:ge' (sway-genh!).
Canadian- Swege:ono' (sway-gay-oh-nonh!); [Lit. people of Canada].
Canadian tickclover- wahnohdosa:s (wawh-nonh-doh-sahs).
Canandaigua, NY - Tganoda:gweh (tgaw-nohn-dah-gwenh); [Lit. selected place ]
Canawaugus - Ganowo:ges [Lit. ill smelling water].A community of about 1000
Senecas, Com planter and Handsome lake were born here.
Cancer- goji:gwes (goh-jee-gwenhs).
Can do- ogwe:nyoh (oh-gway-nyonh).

64
--
-
Candy- owa:no• (oh-wah-nonh!); [Lit. sugar].
Cane- ada•disha• (aw-dawh!-dees-hah!); [Lit. walking stick] also used for
-
keeping tempo for specific dances. -
Canned heat - o:jisge•ya:gi• (oh-jees-genh!-yaw-geeh!); [Lit.death drink]. --
Cannibal- o:gweh i:ga:s (onh-gwayh--eeh-gaws); [Lit. it eats people].
Can not be- da•o:h (dawh!-onh).
--
Can not be avoided- agwas-oweh-da•o:h (ah-gwas--onh-wayh--dawh!-onh).
--
{C-P}
Canoe- gao:wo• (gaw-onh-wonh!).
Cantaloupe- waya:is (waw-yaw-ees).
--
Cantankerous- odahno•kwehsyo:ni:h (oh-dah-nonh!-kwenh-shonh-neeh); [Lit.its --
in an angry mood]
Cap (type of hat) - waohsa• (waw-onh-sawh!); [Lit. it has a visor]
--
Capable (he is very -)- deono•go:was (day-oh-nonh!-go-waws); [Lit.he can do
anything] Old Seneca word.
--
Cape- deye:nehsawe•sa:ta• (day-yenh-nenh-saw-wayh!-sah-tawh!); [Lit. used to --
put around the shoulders].
Capillaries (Anat.)- oji:noya•da• (oh-jee-noh-yawh!-dawh!). --
Capsized (has) - otgaha:tweh (oh-tgah-haw-twenh); [Lit. it has turned over].
Capsized -ho•watgaha:to• (hoh!-waw-tgah-haw-toh!); [Lit. it turned over].
--
Capsizes- watgaha:twas (waw-tgaw-haw-twas); [Lit. it turns over].
Captivity (held in -) - gashe:ne' (gaws-hay-nenh!).
-
--
Captures- gaye:no:s (gaw-yay-nonhs); [Lit. it catches].
Captured...:. gaye:no• (gaw-yay-nonh!); [Lit. it was caught]. --
Car - ga•sehda• (gawh!-sayh-dawh!); [Lit. it drags]. Language from the past was
-
applied to vehicles and trains. Originally, it was anything that was used for
dragging; verb: ga'se' (it drags); noun: ga'se:ta' (thing used for dragging).
--
Invention also brings new meaning to words and concepts.
Carbuncle - osho•yo:d (ohs-honh!-yoad); [Lit. its backward] inverted boil.
-
--
--
--
-
- ONONDOWA1 GA:' GAWE:NO' -
65
Car chase- wadi 1sehdahshe: 1 (waw-deeh!-sayh-daws-hayh!); [Lit. they chased the

car].
Car dealer- ga 1sehda 1 hadeninoh (gawh!-sayh-dawh!--haw-denh-nee-nonh); [Lit.
he sells cars].
Car dealers- ga 1sehda 1 hadeninosgeh (gawh!-sayh-dawh!--haw-denh-nee-nohs
- gayh).
Car oil- ga 1sehda 1 ono' (gawh!-sayh-dawh!--oh-nonh!).
Cards (playing)- deyeyado:shayendahgwa1 (day-yay-yaw-dos-hah-yen-daw
gwah!). Cultural Tip: it was prophesized that playing cards would be 1 of 4
evils brought to the people of Turtle Island from across the big waters.
Cards (they are playing -)- do:diyadosha:ye1 (doh-dee-yaw-donhs-hah-yenh!].
Car repair garage- henode1 sedonisgeh (hen-nonh-dayh!-sayh-donh-nees-gayh);
[Lit. where they fix cars].
Car wash- henode 1sehdo:waesgeh (hen-nonh-dayh!-sayh-dow-wah-eys-gayh);
[Lit. the place where they wash the cars].
Cardinal flower- gaisdaga:a (gaw-ees-daw-gaw-ah).
Cardinal (bird)- ja 1kwi:yo1 (jawh!-kwih-yoh!).
Cardinal Principals - gaiwa:dehda:1 (gaw-eeh-wah-denh-dawh!); [Lit. 3 principals
decreed by the Peace Maker's Great Law for Peace].
The Great Law- Gayanesha 1go:wa:h (gah-yah-nays-hah!-goh-wawh).
*Health and peace (1) -Sgeno 1geog (sgenh-nonh!-genh-ong).
..... *Civil authority, strength (2)- Ga 1hasdehsha 1 (gawh!-haws-days-hah!).
*Truth and righteousness ( 3)- Gaiwiyo:h (gaw-eeh-wee-yoh).
Carefully (thoroughly) - doge10: 1 (doh-genh!-onh!).
Carefully (attentively)- oshae:je1 (os-hah-ayh-jayh!).
Caretaker (he) - dea:snye 1 (day-ah-snyayh!); [Lit. he takes care of property, etc...]
Caretakers - deowodi:snye' (denh-onh-wonh-dee-snyayh!); [Lit. they take care of
them], elders, patients, children...
Caring- degaiwa:snye1 (day-gaw-eeh-waw-snyayh!); [Lit.giving attention to

ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:N0 1
66
--
matters].
-
--
Caring (for) - dega:srtye' (day-gaw-snyayh!); [Lit. kept neat, orderly, tended to..].
Carnivore- 0 1wa: 1 i:ga:s (oh!-wawh!--eeh-gawhs); [Lit. it eats meat].
Carp- watga 1steowe:s (waw-tgawh!-stay-oh-ways); [Lit. it covers with mud]. --
Carpenter- hanohso:nih (haw-nonh-sonh-neeh); [Lit. he builds houses].
Carpet- yodehda:dehda:gwa 1 (yonh-denh-dah-denh-dah-gwah!).
Carrion- ojiehda 1 (oh-jee-ayh-dawh!).
Carrot- okdea' (oak-day-ah!); [Lit. root].
--
Carry (I) - kawi 1 (kaw-weeh!).
Carry (they) - hadiawi1 (haw-dee-ah-weeh!).
--
Carry (you)- ho 1sha:h (hoh!-shawh).
Carry (you - it up)-ho 1sawe:n (hoh!-saw-wehn).
--
Carry away (you) - snehgwih (snenh-gwih).
Carry on shoulders (you) - satgehda:d (saw-tgay-dawd).
--
Carry it out (I can) - egadio:ni 1 (enh-gaw-dee-onh-neeh!); [Li�. I can manage].
Carry-out-the-kettle - Gano 1jitgeo 1 (gaw-nonh!-jee-tgenh-onh!). Cultural Tip: its
-
said to be the devil's dance.
Carrying (they were -)- hadiawino:je 1 (haw-dee-awh-wee-nonh-jayh!). --
Carrying basket - yontgehdasta 1 (yonh-tgayh-daws-tawh!); [Lit. used for carrying
on one's back].
--
Carrying strap - gasha:a 1 (gaws-hawh!).
Carve (you ...:. the meat) - se 1waisjak (sayh!-waw-ees-jawk).
--
Carved meat - ga 1 waisjakgoh (gawh!�waw-ees-jawk-gonh).; [Lit. cut up meat]. -
-
Carved wood - wahga:weh (wawh-ga:h-whenh); [Lit. whittled].
Carver (wood) - ha:ga:was (hah-gah-waws).
Cascade- jo 1sgohse 1 dob (ioh-sgonh!-senh!-donh); {Lit. waterfall].
--
Cash - gwenis (gwen-nees).
Cashier-yega:gwas (yay-gah-gwaws); [Lit. she takes the money].
-
....
Casket - yonja 1 donda:gwa 1 (yonh-jawh!-donh-dah-gwah!); [Lit. used for putting --
--
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ii as in on -
--
-
67
ONONDOWA·GA:' GAWE:NO'
- the body into).

Cast iron stove - degahsi:no:d (day-gawh-see-nood); [Lit. it has legs].
Cast off - wada 1sehdoh (waw-dawh!-senh-donh); [Lit. no longer of use].
Castrated - dega 1hosdahgweh (day-gawh!-hohs-dawh-gwenh).
Cat - dagos (daw-gohs).
Cat (dark) - dago:ji1 (daw-goh-jeeh!).
Cat (lynx)- jigohsahse:h (jeeh-gonh-sawh-senh); [Lit. its fat face].
Cat bird- o:we' (oh-wenh!).
Cat tail- o:eohgo:d (oh-ayh-oh-goad).
-- Cat tail flower - ono:weda 1 (oh-noh-wenh-dawh!).
Catch (you)- sye:no:h (shay-nonh).
- Catch disease- o:ga:at (onh-gah-aat); [Lit. I caught a disease]
Catch it - dehsno 1honyak (days-nonh!-honh-nyawk); [Lit. you catch it]
-- Catch on - dehsno1honyak (denh-snonh!-honh-nyawk); [Lit. you will 'catch it' and

understand].
Catch up (I will)- e:kat (enh-kat).
Catcher- deano 1ho:nya 1s (day-ah-nonh!-honh-nyah!s); [Lit. he catches].
-- Catches (it)- gaye:no:s (gaw-yay-nonhs).
Caterers- hadikwae:ha 1 (haw-deek-kwah-ayh-hawh!); [Lit. they put on the food].
Caterpillar- watehdahda:ne' (waw-tenh-dah-daw-nayh!); [Lit. its moving its
-- bristles along].
Catfish- ogo 1sgwa: 1 (oh-goh!-sgwah!).
Catholics - Deadiyahsonta 1 (day-ah-dee-yah-sohn-tawh!); [Lit. they cross
themselves].
Catnip- dagoji 1 ganehda:s (daw-goh-jeeh!-gaw-nenh-daws); [Lit. cat eats leaves].
- Cattaraugus Territory Residents- Ga 1dagesgeo:lio 1 (gawh!-dah-genhs-gay-oh

nonh!).
Cattaraugus Territory- Ga 1dagesgeo 1 (gawh!dah-genhs-ganh-onh!); [Lit. once
- smelly banks there]. This Seneca territory is 21,680 acres, thirty miles
Key: a as in. ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; . a as in at; e as in end; 6 as in on

68
-
,_
south of Buffalo, NY, along the Cattaraugus Creek where it enters Lake Erie.
-
Caughnawaga, Mohawk Territory- Caughnawaga (ga:nowcYgeh); [Lit. on the
rapids]. --
Caught- gaye:no 1 (gaw-yay-nonh!). ..
Caught (I got -)- 0 1kniya:t (oh!-knee-yaat); [Lit. I got trapped].
Caught up to (I)- aka: 1oh (awh-kah!-onh).
--
Cause - oiwa 1 (oh-eeh-wawh!); [Lit. matter at hand]. -
Cause - odo 1oh (oh-donh!-onh); [Lit. made to become]. --
_Cause- oiwa 1sho 1 (oh-eeh-wawh!-shonh!); [Lit. its given blame].
Cause distress - degaiwadiyo:de 1 (denh-gaw-eeh-wawh-dee-yohn-denh!); [Lit. to --
create a tugging of words] argument.
Cause to remain - e:ge 1jo: 1 (enh-genh!-jonh!); [Lit. make it stay].
--
Cave - oya:da 1 (oh-yaw-dawh!); [Lit. chamber].
Cavern- oyadogaen (oh-yaw-doh-gaw-ehn); [Lit. chamber opening]. see:
--
Cherokee
Cavity- ao:gaen (awh-oh-gaw-ehn); [Lit. an opening] hole.
--
Cayuga Longhouse - Da1 dewahge 1otgeh (dawh!-day-wah-genh!-ont-gayh); [Lit. -
that place which has no eaves]. There was also a settlement of Delawares in this
area among the dispersed Cayugas in the early 1840s.
--
Cayuga Road- Da 1 dewahge 1otgeh (dawh!-day-wawh-genh!-onh-tgayh); [Lit. the
place without eaves). Cayuga Road runs between Brant Road and Plank Road
on the northern side of the Seneca-Cattaraugus Territory. The road was named
for the Cayuga settlement there; they had a longhouse located at the east end of
--
-
Cayuga road which has been obsolete since the mid 1800s.
-
Cayuga Nation -Gayogweo:no 1 (gaw-yoh-gway-oh-nonh!); [Lit. People of the
Great Pipe].This is the name this Nation is known by within the Hodinohso:ni'. --
They still maintain their traditional ceremonies, language, and their role, with
the Oneidas, as the 'younger brothers' in the debating protocol of the Grand
-
._
Council, today, 2007.
-
a e
--
--
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; as in at; as in end; i:i as in on
-
- ONONDOWA1 GA:' GAWE:NO'
Cease (should )- awe:ni:he: 1 (awh-wenh-nee-henh!); [Lit. it should stop].

Ceased- oni:he 1 (oh-nee-henh!); [Lit. it has stopped].
Cedar waxwing - daohdaoh (daw-onh-daw-onh).
Cedar- deyoeda1kwehadha1t (day-yoh-enh-dah!-kwenh-hawd-hawh!-t).
Celery - nokaenyoh (nonh-kaw-ayh-nyonh).
Cellar- oyadago:h (oh-yaw-dawh-gonh); [Lit. into the hole].
Cementery- howodihsadohgwa1geh (honh-wonh-dee-saw-donh-gwawh!-gayh);
- [Lit. where they bury them].
Census taker - hagoyashe:das (haw-gonh-yaws-hay-daws); [Lit. he counts people]
Cent - gwenis (gwen-nees).
Center (middle)- ha1dewahse:noh (hawh!-day-wawh-senh-nonh).
Center (of a space)- ha1degano:sheh (hawh!-day-gaw-nonh-shenh).
Center (lacrosse) - da 1nyoda:s (dawh!-nyoh-daws); [Lit. he crosses the stick].
Centipede - jogagwisgwe:h Goh-gaw-gwis-gway).
Central - gaya 1dagweni:yo 1 (gaw-yawh!-daw-gwen-nee-yoh!); [Lit. foremost].
Central Fire of Governance - Gayanesha1 go:wa:h Gajisda:ye 1 ( gaw-yah-nays-
--- hah!-goh-wawh--gaw-jees-daw-yenh!); [Lit. the central fire of the Great Law],
located at the Onondaga Longhouse, Onondaga Territory near Nedrow, NY.
Central Fire of Traditional Belief- Gaiwiyo:h Gajisda:ye' (gaw-eeh-wee-yoh-
gaw-jees-daw-yenh!); [Lit. the central fire of the Gaiwiyo:h], located at the
Tonawanda Longhouse, Seneca Territory near Alden, NY.
Century- sgad-newe1nya1e:h niyoshage:h (sgawd--nay-wenh!-nyah!-aye--nee-
yohs-hah-gay); [Lit. one strike of the finger-number of years].
- Ceremony (medicine)- ade:sha 1 (awh-denh-shah!).
Ceremony (he held a medicine -)- wa:dweno:go:d (waw-dwen-nonh-goad).
Ceremony (she held a medicine-)- wo 1 odweno:go:d (wonh!-wonh-dwenh-nonh-
- goad).
Ceremony- oi:waneh oiwa 1 geh (oh-eeh-waw-nenh--oh-eeh-wawh!-gayh); [Lit.
very important matter].
-
70
-·-
Ceremony, medicine - wade:syo 1 (wah-denh-syoh!).
Ceremonial - odiwahde 1 (oh-dee-wah-dayh!); [Lit. the matter at hand] .
·--
Ceremony (started)- 01 wadiwahde:di 1 (oh!-waw-dee-wah-denh-deeh!); [Lit. the
matter has started].
-
Ceremony (arranger) - hasdista 1 (haws-dees-tawh!).
Ceremony (notifier) - hajaswas (haw-jaws-was).
Certain- agwas (aw-gwas).
--
Certain time (at a)- niyowa 1 geh (nee-yoh-wawh!-gayh).
Cervical vertebra (7th) (Anat.) .. o:nyo 1 gwa 1 geh (oh-nyoh!-gwah!-gayh); [Lit. on
-
--
the nut]. A spinal protrution located at the back of the neck.
Chain- de:gewe 1ho:jo 1 (day-genh-wenh!-honh-jonh!). --
Chain Breaker - Tewenya1s (tenh-wenh-nyah!-s). A Seneca, born near Seneca Lake
-
(Finger Lakes region) in about 1749, he was a nephew of both Cornplanter and
Handsome lake. Tewonya's died at Cold Spring on the Allegany Territory in
--
,_
1859, aged 110.
Chain of events- neyawe 1syo 1 (nay-yaw-wayh!-shonh!).
Chair- gaji 1ga:ya 1 (gaw-jeeh!-gaw-yawh!). This Seneca word is original, its literal
--
meaning is unknown, and 'chair' is a relatively recent translation for what was -
originally used as a 'seat' for the people before the introduction of 'chairs'.
-
Chairman - haji gaya 1geo:no (haw-jeeh!-gaw-yawh!-gay-oh-nonh!); [Lit. he's of
the chair]
1 1
--
Chalk - gayanota 1 (gaw-yaw-noh!-tawh!); [Lit. it makes marks].
Challenged (him)- wowohgai:ya 1de 1 (woh-woh-guy-yah!-denh!); [Lit.they
--
agitated him], dared him. --
Chameleon - ja:enos (iaw-eh-nonhs).
Champions- henontgwe:nyohs (henh-non-tgwenh-nyonhs); [Lit. they're winners].
-
Chance (by)- sha 1 dwad (shawh!-dwad).
Chance - tsa 1 de:won (shawh!-denh-won); [Lit. just might be ].
-
Change (coin) - gwenis (gwen-nees).
--
--
--
--.
Change-of-mind (generally)-'- dosawadi:wade:nye' (donh-saw-waw-dee-waw-day
- nyenh!]; [Lit. the matter turned around].

Change-of-mind (my) - dosawagadi:wade:nye' (donh-saw-waw-gaw-dee-waw
day-nyenh!); [Lit. I turned the matter around].
.....
Changeable - desgadenyos (days-gaw-day-nyonhs); [Lit. it changes].
Changeable (weather) - desgadenyos (days-gaw-day-nyonhs). This may take place
- in the spring when mornings are cool and warm afternoons; or it could be in the
fall when days are warm and nights cold.
Changed (information)-degaiwahde:nyo:h (day-gaw-eeh-waw-day,.nyonh);
[Lit.the matter was altered].
Changed - degade:nyo:h (day-gaw-day-nyonh); [Lit. it was altered].
·changed- deyohde:nyo:h (day-yoh-day-nyonh); [Lit. it has changed].
Changing color-dewadesohgwa:de:nyos (day-wah-dayh-soh-gwah-day-nyonhs)
This refers to the color changes of leaves in the fall.
. Changing ribs ceremony - odeswade:nyo:' (oh-days-swah-day-nyonh!).
-- Changing ribs (distribution) -wenoda•doas (wenh-noh-dawh!-doh-ahs).

- Chants for the dead (public event)- ohgi:we:h (oh-gee-wayh).
Chapped-deyodisja1ko 1 (day-yoh-dees-jawk-konh!); [Lit. cracked dry skin].
Chapped hands (my)-dewagadis:tsako• (day-waw-gaw-dees-jawk-konh!); [Lit. I
have dry cracked skin].
Character- neyogwe 1do 1de:h (nay-yonh-gwayh!-doh!-denh); [Lit. kind of person].
Charcoal - ojesda• (oh-jenhs-dawh!); [Lit. black coal].
Charity - adenideosha• (aw-denh-nee-denh-onh-shawh!).
-- Charge (a) - ohga:' (oh-gaw-ah!); [Lit. there is a price].
- Charge (paid) - gaganya•goh (gaw-gaw-nyah!-gonh).
Charged (I) - ho•tge:ga:d (hoh!-tgay-gaad); [Lit. I owe the price for it].
Charged (I-for) - ho•gega:d (hoh!-gay-gaad); [Lit. I charged a price for it].
Charges (he) - haga:ta• (haw-gah-tawh!); [Lit. he requires a price for it].
Charm (medicine) - otsinohgeida• (oh-cheeh-nonh-genh!-dawh!].
......
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; i:i as in on

72
--
Charm bundles - ga'hohsyonya:no' (gawh!-hoh-shonh-nyaw-nonh!).
-
Charm bundles - ganosdonya:no' (gaw-nonhs-donh-nyaw-nonh!).
Charm holders - hodinohgwa'shaye:do' (hoh-dee-nonh-gwah!-shah-yehn-donh!).
-
Charming (person) - yagogwe,di:yoh (yaw-gonh-gwayh!-dee-yoh); [Lit. she is a
good natured person].
--
Chase (you) - seshe:h (says-hayh); [Lit. you follow it].
Chased-ho'gowohshe:' (hoh!gonh-wonhs-hayh!); [Lit. its being followed].
Chaser - gashe' (gahs-hayh!); [Lit. the follower].
--
Chasing - gowoshe' (gonh-wonhs-hayh!); [Lit. its being fallowed].
Chastised - o'gowe'daswaeh (oh!-gonh-wenh!-daws-swah-enh); [Lit. it scolded it]. -
Chatter -odi,sta:h (oh-deeh!-stawh!); [Lit. many voices at once].
Chattering (from cold)-deyoyo'gwa:e:h (day-yoh-yoh!-gwaw-ayh). --
Chautauqua, NY -Johdo:gweh (ioh-doh-gwenh); [Lit. great snake emerges there].
Chautauqua Lake -Johdo:gweh (ioh-doh-gwenh); [Lit. great snake emerges there]
according to a now obso�ete local Seneca legend
Cheap (they found it to be cheap) -wonoje:se'he's (woh-nonh-jayh-senh!-hayh!s).
--
Cheap -waje:seh (wah-jay-senh). ·--
Cheat (they) - hadi'nigoho'ta' (haw-deeh!-nee-gonh-honh!-tawh!).
Cheated (I) - ho'knigo:ho't (hoh!-kneeh-gonh-honh!t).
Cheated (he-me) - waknigoho'de' (waw-kneeh-gonh-honh!-denh!).
--
Cheater -ha,nigo:ho'ta' (hawh!-neeh-gonh-honh!--tawh!); [Lit. he cheats]
Cheating - waya'ga:heo' (wah-yawh!gah-henh-onh!); [Lit. he cheats by deceiving]
--
Cheating (shaving) - waya,ga:gwa:o' (waw-yawh!-gah-gwa-oh!); [Lit. he pulled --
some off]. This term may go back to the fur trade days when pelts could be
'pulled off. --
Cheek (Anat.) - odahosgwa' (oh-dawh-hohs-gwawh!).
Cheektowaga, NY Jikdowa'geh (ieek-doh-wah!-gayh); [Lit. crab apples there].
--
Cheese (swiss) - deyohagwendenyo' (day-yoh-haw-gwen-day-nyonh!); [Lit.with
holes] ---
-
--
-
--
.....
Cheeses (a plant)- deyo:nehdagwe'nonya:no' (day-yoh-nayh-daw-gweh!-nonh

nyawh-nonh!); [Lit. it has round leaves].
- Cheerful- sgeno• wenohdonyoh (sgenh-nonh!--wenh-nonh-donh-nyonh); [Lit. it

has a good mind].
Cheering - ode•gahdoh (oh-denh!-gawh-donh).
Chef- hahko:nis (haw-konh-nees).
Cherokee(people)- Oya:da'geo:no' (oh-yaw-dawh!-gay-oh-nonh!); [Lit. People
of the Caves].
Cherokee stomp dance - oya:da•ge:a' (oh-yah-dah!-gay-awhl); [Lit. of the cave]
Cherry (blk. Bark)- e:i' (ay-eeh!).
Cherry, fire - ganojohgwane' (gaw-nonh-joh-gwah-nayh!).
Cherry (red bark)- hanojok (haw-nonh-jok).
-- Cherry, wild black - ay:i' (ayh-eeh!).

Chest (Anat.)- o'dohsa' (oh!-donh-sah!).
Chestnut- onye'sta' (oh-nyayh!-stawh!).
- Chestnut bur- ohsi:ga' (oh-seeh-gawh!).
Chew (you- it) - desasgano't (day-saws-gaw-noh!t).
Chewed (it) - hordwasgahno•t (hoh!-dwas-gawh-noh!t).
-..
Chewing (it is) - deyosgano'doh (day-yos-gawh-noh!-donh).
Chickadee - jikjo'kwe' (jeek-joh!-gwenh!); The chickadee birds are
significant in the Creation Story. The story goes that when Skyholder was to
play the Dish Bowl game against his grandmother, for the continuity of his
creation, the odds were so great that he asked the chickadees for their help, 6
- . birds gave their heads as his 'stones' for the game. See: Dish Bowl Game
Chicken- daga:,e:' (daw-gah!-enh!).
Chicken dance- daga'e:' oeno• (daw-gah!-enh!--oh-en-onh!); [Lit. chicken song].
Chicken coop - daga'e:' odinohso:d (daw-gah!-enh! oh-dee-nonh-soad).
..... Chicken pox -go'no:sde's (goh!-nohs-denh!-s); [Lit. becomes scabby].
Chicory - gaseyendahgwa' (gawh-senh-yen-dawh-gwawh!).

. ONONDOWA1 GA: 1 GAWE:Nb 1
-
Chief - hoyane:h (hoh-yaw-nayh);
Chief- gakdeagweni:yo' (gawk-dee-iih-gwen-nee-yoh!); [Lit. main root].
Chief (sub)- okdea1 geh ha:ad [he's guards the roots of the Tree of Peace].
Chieftainship (symbol) - deono 1ga:e 1 (day-oh-nonh!-giih-ayh!); [Lit. he wears --
antlers]. When a clan mother selects a man for chieftanship, it is said that she
places deer antlers on his head. He is chief for life, if he neglects his duties, he --
stands to be 'dehomed' by the clan mother and ostracized or exciled from the
community.
Child (boy)- haksa 1a:a (hawk-sawh!-aah).
Child (girl) - yeksa1a:a (yayk-sawh!-aah).
Child (my) - ageksa 1da1 (ah-gayg-sawh!-dawh!). --
-Child (their) - hodiksa 1da1 (hoh-deek-sawh!-dawh!).
Childbirth- wo 1ode1do: 1 (wonh-onh-dayh!-donh!); [Lit. she gave birth]. --
Childhood (my) - tsigeksa1a:a (cheeh-gayg-sawh!-aah); [Lit. when I was a child].
_Childish - gaksa1 a:ka: 1 (gawk-sawh!-aah-kawh!); Lit. child like].
--
Children - hadiksa1 sho1oh (haw-dik-sawh!-shonh!-onh).
Children (of the earth) - deodida1 0:je 1 (day-oh-dee-dawh!-onh-jayh!); [Lit. they are
--
continuing to stand up] Cultural Tip: philosophy that children are connected
to the earth, and their faces appear and rise up from the earth. --
--
Chilled (iced)- gano 1nosdoh (gaw-nonh!-nos-donh).
Chilled (to the bone) - agejis:jo se:h (ah-gay-jees-jonh!-say).
1
Chimed- ho1ga:yen (hoh!-gaw-yen); [Lit. it struck].

Chimney- ga1dao:d (gawh!-daw-od).
--
Chin (Anat) - oyo1 ha1 (oh-yoh!-hawh!). --
Chinese- Deodigahgadiyo:n (day-oh-dee-gah-gah-dee-yon); [Lit. their eyelids are
pulled].
--
Chip- ohga:a 1 (oh-gaw-aah!); [Lit. wood chip].
Chipmunk - jiho1 gwais Gee-hoh!-gwah-ees).
--
Chisel - yohgeogwata 1 (yonh-gay-oh-gwah-tawh!); [Lit. used for chipping]. --
--
--
ONONDOWA•GA:• GAWE:NO•
Choice (make the right) - tsa•de:won (shawh!-denh-won); [Lit.it will be the right
one by luck].
Choir- henondeno:ta 1 (hen-nonh-den-no-tawh!); [Lit. they sing].
Choke (a lump in the throat) - deyo:nya 1ta:h (day-yoh-nyah!-taw-h).
Choke cherry- deyago:nya 1 ta:s (day-yaw-go-nyah!-taws); [Lit. it constricts the
throat].
Choked (it)- ho•johsiya:s (hoh!-joh-see-yawhs).
- Choked (I)- ho 1dwage:nya 1ta: 1 (hoh!-dwa-gay-nyah!-tah). {from anything bitter}
- Choking (its) - deyohsiya: 1 seh (day-yoh-see-yah!-sayh).{from an object, food}

-- Choose (you)-sa:goh (sah-goh); [Lit. you pick it out].
Choose a Partner (dance) -jodadenyatga:s (jonh-daw-day-nyaw-tgahs); [Lit. grab
a partner].
Choose (wrongly) - gane 1 agoh (gaw-nayh!-awh-gonh); [Lit. wrong choice].
--
-. Chopped - degaihdoh (day-gaw-eeh-donh).
Christ - Shagaohe:das (shawh-gaw-onh-hay-daws); [Lit. he brings back life].
Christian - Honohnesda:e 1 (hoh-nonh-nays-dah-ayh!); [they have a board on them]
Chunk - ohjohgwa 1 (oh-joh-gwawh!).
Church - gayoweod (gaw-yonh-way-od); [Lit. it has a point] steeple.
Chum - yeno 1gwate 1da 1 (yay-nonh!-gwa-tayh!-dawh!); [Lit. used for pounding
milk]. Old time churns of 70 years ago consisted of a large pottery jar about
knee-high, and a round wooden clapper at the end of its handle, the up and down
-- motion of "pounding" the cream eventually became butter.

Churning (for butter)- wa 1eno 1gwa:tet (wawh!-ayh-nonh!-gwaw-tayt); [Lit. she
pounded the milk].
Cicada - gane:ita 1 (gaw-nenh-eeh-tawh!).
Cider - oji 1ja 1 (oh-jeeh!-jawh!).
- Cinder - oji:sda 1 (oh-jees-dah!).

Cinema- gaya 1daha 1 (gaw-yawh!-daw-hawh!); [Lit. it makes pictures]
Cinnamon fem - onya 1gwa 1 (oh-nyah!-gwawh!).
-
-
ONONDOWA·GA:• GAWE:NO•
--
Circle- deyotwada:se:h (day-yoh-twa-daw-sayh); [Lit. it goes around].
Circle game -yontwadases (yon-twah-daw-says); [Lit. they go around].
-
Circle Wampum - symbolizes the founding of the Hodinohso:ni' Grand Council -
with 50 strings of wampum in a circle, one for each of the 50 chieftain titles of
the council. One string is longer than the others, symbolizing the position of
the Peacemaker, who is believed to be present in spirit. The equal length of the
other 49 reminds Chiefs their equal rank and responsibility to the people.
-
Circling - otwadahse:h (oh-twa-daw-sayh); [Lit. it goes around].
City - ganondasde:• (gaw-non-daws-denh!); _[Lit. a large settlement].
Cities - ganondasde•s (gaw-non-daws-denh!-s); [Lit. large settlements].
Citrus - ogwa:• (oh-gwah!). Refers to any citrus fruit.
--
Civil- ho•wadiwagano:ni• (hoh!-waw-dee-waw-gaw-nohn-neeh!); [Lit. the matter ·--
was handled in an orderly way].
Civil authority- ga•hasdesha• (gawh!-haws-days-hah!) [strength].
--
Claim (for myself)- egadajo:gwas (enh-gaw-daw-joh-gwas).
Claim (for yourself)- esadajo:gwas (enh-saw-daw-joh-gwas).
-
Clairvoyants- jisge:h deadita:hah (jees-genh--day-ah-dee-taw-hawh!); [Lit. they
talk with the spirits]. -..
Clam- ogo:sda• (oh-gonh-stawh!).
-
Clan, father's - agadoni:h (ah-gaw-donh-neeh); [Lit.from where I came from].
Clan - ga•sa:de• (gawh!-sah-dayh!); [Lit. members of one clan].
--
Clan (same) - shodi•se:ad (s-hoh-deeh!-say-ad).
Clan-given Names - gahsenowi•ho• (gawh-sen-noh-wee!-honh!); [Lit. given
-
names]. Each clan has a wide selection of names, names are selected by the clan --
mother, names are often 'old' names which had been given to clan members
many generations before. A child's name is replaced with an adult name which -
makes it available to another child of the same clan. An adult assuming official
status is given a Faith.keeper's name. All adult and official names are
--
retrieved at the graveside, to be used again, and again down through the --
�ey: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on
--
--
--
generations through the mother's clan.
-. Clans - ga1 sade:nyo1 (gawh!-sah-day-nyonh!); [Lit. members of each of the clans].
Clap (you)- desenisohda 1e:g (day-senh-nees-oh-dawh!-ayg); [Lit. clap your
hands].
Clapping (it is)- deyonisohda 1e:h (day-yoh-nees-oh-dawh!-ayh).
Clarence, NY- Tanonogeo1 (taw-nonh-noh-genhOonh!). **meaning unknown.
-.. Clarified - degai:wate1 oh (day-gaw-eeh-wah-tayh!-onh); [Lit. made the issue
clear] To explain, interpret the meaning.
Clarify (you)- dehsi:wate 1t (denh-see-waw-tayt); [Lit. you will make the issue
clear] To explain, to interpret the meaning.
- Clavicle (Anat) - 01 newonta1 (oh!-nay-won-tawh!). Collar-bone

Claw- ojino:ya 1da 1 (oh-jee-noh-yawh!-dawh!).
-- Claw necklace- ojinoya 1 da 1 yenihjasta 1 (oh-jee-noh-yawh!-dawh!--yenh-neeh-

jaws-tawh!).
- Clay - oahdohgwa 1 (oh-ah-doh-gwawh!). a light colored mud.
Clean- do 1otgi 1 (doh!-oh-tgeeh!); [Lit. not dirty].
Clean up - sahgwi 1ho:h (sah-gwih!-honh); [Lit. you pick up, tidy up].
.....
Cleansing (body)- esaja 1 dagehsi1 (enh-sawh-jawh!-daw-genh-seeh!).
Clear (became) - wo1odo:ge 1te1t (woh!-oh-doh-genh!-tayh!-t).
Clear (visible)- o:get (oh-gent).; [Lit. able to see].
Cleared (area) - deyohdahoh (day-yoh-dawh-honh). Cleared of debris.
-- Cleared (tidy).- wahgwi1ho 1 (wawh-gweeh!-honh!). Picked up and stored.

Clearing (forest) - deyohadagwe:de• (day-yoh-haw-daw-gwenh-dayh!).
· Clearly.- agwas-nah-gyo 1oh (aw-gwas--nah--gyoh!-onh); [Lit. said to be certain].
......
{C-P}
Clearly (plainly)- oye:de:d (oh-yehn-dayd); [Lit. recognizable].
-- Clear night- wahsondiyo:h (wah-son-dee-yoh); [Lit. it's a good clear night].

Clear water- onegiyo:h (on-nay-gee-yoh); [Lit. its good clear water].
Clear weather- weni:tsiyo:h (wenh-neet-cheeh-yoh); [Lit. it a good clear day].
--
-- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on
ONONDOWA1 GA:' GAWE:N0 1
78
--
Clearing weather- odeni:tsiyosdo:je 1 (oh-denh-neet-cheeh-yos-donh-jayh!);
-...
[Lit. the weather is becoming good and clear]. --
Clerk- yeyado:1 (yay-yaw-donh!); [Lit. she writes].
Cleveland, OH- Gayaha 1geh (Gaw-yaw-hawh!-gayh). (**meaning unknown) --
Cliff- onoja 1goh- (oh-nonh-jawh!-gonh); [Lit. the slope is cut away].
Climb (you)- e:sa 1te 1 (enh-sah!-tenh!).
--
Climbed (over)- 01wadawe:n (oh!-waw-daw-weh-n); [Lit. it climbed up and over].
Climber- ha: 1tehs (hah!-tenhs); [Lit. he climbs].
--
Climbing- oa 1teo:je 1 (oh-ah!-tenh-onh-jayh!); [Lit its climbing up]. --
Climbing (they are)- daodia 1teo:je 1 (daw-oh-dee-ah!-tenh-onh-jayh!); [Lit. they
are climbing up]. --
Clinging- oa 1neda:goh (oh-ah!-nenh-daw-gonh); [Lit. its stuck on].
Clock - gaisda1 is (gaw-ees-dah!-ays); [Lit. it strikes the tin/bell]. When clocks were
--
brought to this country from across the ocean, a name was invented for it by the
bgwe'oweh, the name above described 'Yhat the clock did, striking the tin/bell.
-
Clogged- ho 1dwahsiya:t (hoh!-dwah-see-yawt); [Lit. it got stuck].
Close -'- dosgeh (dohs-genh); [Lit. near to]. --
Close (it will -)- dewodeo e:g (denh-wonh-denh-onh!-ayg); [Lit. it will close into
itself].
1
--
Close (you)- seho:doh (say-hoh-donh); [Lit. you close the door].
Close (your mouth) - sasgwe:g (saws-gwayg).
--
Close game - degadoge 1oh (dat-gaw-doh-genh!-onh); [Lit. difficult game].
Closed (door)- gaho:do 1 (gaw-hoh-donh!).
--
._.
Closed (eyes)- deyotgahgwe:ko 1 (day-yot-gawh-gway-konh!); [Lit. its has its eyes
-
closed].
Closed (it is -) - deyodeo 1e:h (day-yoh-denh-onh!-ayh); [Lit. its vacant].
-
Closed gentian-oedage:wagah (oh-enh-daw-gay-waw-gawh).
Closely (to you) - 0 1waja 1doeg (oh!-waw-jawh!-doh-ayg); Lit. its up close to you].
--
Closet - asyonyahsha 1 yeniyondahgwa1 (ah-shonh-nyah-shah!--yay-nee-yon- --
--
--
-
ONONDOWA•GA:· GAWE:NO·
dawh-gwah!); [Lit. a place for hanging clothes].

Closed- odeho:do 1 (oh-day-hoh-donh!); [Lit. the door has shut].
- Closer (nearer to) - dosgehah (dohs-genh-hawh).
Closure- odahdahgwahdoh (oh-dawh-dawh-gwawh-donh); [Lit. it has accepted
- as fate].
- Clot - otgwa:1 (ot�gwah!).

Cloth cover- gaehda:1 ye 1howegta 1 (gah-enh-dah!--yayh!-hoh-wayg-tawh!); [Lit.
used as a cloth covering].
Cloth- gaehda:1 (gah-enh-dah!).
Clothes - ahsyonyahsha 1 (awh-shohn-nyah-shah!); [Lit. made to be worn].
Clothes hanger- yeniyodahgwa 1 (yay-nee-yohn-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. its used for
hanging things on].
Clothes line - yodeha 1dahgwa1 (yonh-dayh-hawh!-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used for
drying].
Clothing store- ahsyonyasha 1 watgeo 1 (awh-shohn-nyah-shah!--wah-tgay-onh!);
[Lit. clothing--for sale].
- Cloud - ohji 1ga 1 (oh-jeeh!-gah!).
Cloudless - de 1ohji 1ge1 (dayh!-oh-jeeh!-gayh!).
Cloudy - ohji1ge 1 (oh-jeeh!gayh!).
Clover - seh neyonehdo:n (senh--nay-yoh-nenh-dohn); [Lit. it has 3 leaves].
Clown- hayano da 1ah (haw-yaw-nonh!-dawh!-ah); [Lit. he's all marked on].
1
Club- ga 1hnya 1 (g�!-h-nyawh!); [Lit. tempo beater in a specific dance].

-. Club foot- wahsi 1dagaide 1 (wawh-seeh!-dawh-gaw-ee-dayh!); [Lit. twisted foot].
Clubs, groups - gejohgo:do 1 (genh-joh-goh-donh!); [Lit. upstanding groups of
- people].
Clump - oyahgwVii1 (oh-yah-gwih!-ah!).
Cluster- ohgwaisha 1 (oh-gwah-eeh-shah!); [Lit. a bunch].
-
--.
Cluster (hanging)- wahgwaisha:niyo:n (wah-gwa-ees-hah-nee-yon).
Clustered (they are) - wa•gohso:d (wawh!-goh-soad); [Lit.huddle of persons].
-
-
80
-
,_
-
Clutched- wahjio:wa:goh (wah-jee-oh-wah-gonh); [Lit. scrunched up].
-....
Coach (sports) - hajesdanih (haw-jenhs-daw-neeh); [Lit. he teaches].
Coagulate - 0 wadetgweoni (hoh!-wah-dayt-gweh-onh-neeh!); [Lit. blood clot].
..
1 1
Coal- ojesda' (oh-jenhs-dawh!); [Lit. black]. --

Coast line- ganyoda:kdaje' (gaw-nyoh-dak-daw-jayh!); [Lit along the lake].
Coat (over) - deyode1 nehdahgwa' (day-yonh-denh!-nay-daw-gwah!); [Lit. used
-
._.
for layering ].
Coaxed (I - them)- 0 ke:je:onyo (oh!-kay-jenh-onh-nyonh!).
--
-
1 1
Cob- ono:nya' (oh-noh-nyah!).

Cob web- oda1 a:de 1 (oh-dawh!-ah-dayh!). --
Cockscomb- oahnehsha' (oh-ah-nenh-sawh!).
Code of Handsome lake - Gaiwiyo:h (guy-wee-yoh); [Lit. the good words]. This is
the tradional belief system of the Hodinohso:ni', a lengthy recitation of the
Creator's instructions for personal betterment. The term 'Code of Handsome
lake' is an invention of the early missionaries for their convenience and to over
-
shadow the "original good words" with their own biblical views. --
Coerced- dwe:nohdo ni:h (dwenh-nonh-donh-neeh); [Lit. forced to do].
Coexisting - dewadi:h (day-waw-deeh); [Lit. living together]. --
Coffee - onegaji:h (oh-nay-gaw-jeeh); [Lit. dark water].
Coffin-yoja1dodahgwa1 (yonh-jawh!-donh-dah-gwah!); a place to put the body].
--
Cognition - wo10 nigoe:ye:dat (woh!-oh!-nee-gonh-enh-yenh-dawt); [Lit. it -
--
1
recognized, understood].
Cohesive- onihe 1oh (oh-nee-hayh!-onh); [Lit. firmed up].
Cohosh, black- geodanehgwisha:ges (genh-onh-daw-nenh-gwihs-hah-genhs); --
[Lit. smells like a horse].
Cohosh, blue - gahadago:h (gaw-haw-daw-gonh).
--
Coined words - gawenohsyo:ni:h (gaw-wenh-nonh-shonh-neeh); [Lit. made-up
words]. These are 'invented' Seneca words to label the new and unfamiliar
--
objects introduced by the immigrant cultures entering the shores of Turtle
---
a e
-
---
-
Island, for example, the clock; which was named for what it did, "it hit the metal
bell".
Coins - gwenis (gwenh-nees).
Coins- owisda' (owisda'); [Lit. money] .
-- Colander- dewenowo:yehdahgwa' (denh-wenh-nonh-wonh-yenh-dawh-gwawh!)'
- [Lit. it filters through].

Cold- ono'no (oh�nonh!-noh).
Cold, will become - egano'nos (enh-gawh-nonh!-nohs).
......
Cold day - awenisha:no:h (aw-wenh-nees-hah-nooh).
Cold feet (I have)- dewagahsa's (day-waw-gaw-sawh!s).
- Cold fingers (I have)- dewage'ni:ya's (day-waw-gayh!-nee-yawh!s); [Lit. it breaks
· my fingers].
Cold food- o:kwano:h (oh-kaw-nooh).
Cold medicine - gotowinyo'se:h deyodogehdoh (go-tow-wee-nyonh!-saw--day-
- yoh-doh-genh-donh); [Lit. colds--works against it].
Cold night- ohsondanosdoh (oh-sohn-daw-nos-donh).
Cold (common) -gotowinyo'se:h (goh-toh-wee-nyonh!-sayh).
- Cold rain- osda:no:h (ohs-dah-nooh).
Coldspring (Allegany Territory) - Jonegano:h (joh-nay-gaw-nooh); [Lit. cold
-.. water there].
Coldspring longhouse at Ohiyo' (Allegany) - Jonegano:h todinohse:s (joh-nay
gaw-nooh-toh-dee-nonh-says) The original longhouse was built along
-- a narrow strip of land along the upper bank of the Allegany River by Handsome
lake and Traditional followers from Jonohsade:geh (Complanter's grant) around
1810. Later, a larger longhouse was built across the wagon road opposite the
- first longhouse, this continued to be in use until 1965 when the Corp of
Engineers burned it to the ground. The US government subsidized the rebuilding
- of a new, larger longhouse at a site farther inland, its present site today, 2007.
Colic - gaswa:go s (gaws-waw-gonh!s); [Lit. it aches at the ribs].
1

82
-
Collapsed - o rwa 1sent (oh!-wawh!-sent); [Lit. it came down].
Collapsed house - 0 1ganohse't (oh!-gaw-nonh-sent); [Lit. the house came down].
-
Collapsed - daganishent (daw-gaw-nees-hent); [Lit. it tumbled down in parts].
Collar - onya:a' (oh-nyaw-ah!). --
Collar bone (Anat.) - 0 newonta 1 (oh!-nay-wohn-tawh!).
1
Collect (you) - e:syo:eg (enh-show-ayg); [Lit. you collect the (donations)]. Every
-
longhouse ceremonial event concludes with some kind of soup. Designated
persons collect ingredients for the soup which are donated by the community.
--
Collected - ga:e:goh (gaw-ayh-gonh), [Lit. donations are gathered].
Collected (calm) - tiyoje:eh (tee-yoh-jay-enh); [Lit. its quiet].
-
--
Collectively (everyone)- gejohgwahgwe:goh (genh-joh-gwah-gway-gonh); ,,
[Lit.all persons within a community]. Public.
-
Collector - haga:gwas (haw-gah-gwas); [Lit. he charges].
Collided- ho 1gaji:wen (hoh!-gaw-jee-wen); [Lit. it bumped into].
--
Colon (Anat.) - O'daisha 1 (oh!-dah-ees-hah!). A smooth and muscular extention of --
the large intestine and the rectum.
Color- ohsohgwa 1 (oh-soh-gwawh!).
Colored- wahso:oh (wawh-soh-onh).
-
--
Colored into- ho'wahso:t (hoh!-wawh-sot).
Coloring (shade) - neyohsohgo de:h (nay-yoh-soh-goh!-denh).
1
--
Colorist- hahso:s (hawh-sohs); [Lit. he paints].
Colorless- do•ohsohgwa:d (doh!-oh-soh-gwawd).
Colt - ojisda,tsa' (oh-jees-dawh!-chawh!).
--
Colt's foot- osgwai1da 1 (oh-sgwaw-eeh!-dawh!)
Comatose- de 1sgaga 1ayo: 1 (dayh!-sgaw-gawh!-ah-yonh!); [Lit. its no longer
--
aware].
Comb - ganohda• (gaw-nonh-dawh!).
--
Comb basket - yenohda:hgwa' (yay-nonh-tah-gwawh!); [Lit. a place for a comb]. --
Comb, of a fowl - onehsa• (oh-nenh-sawh!).
--
a e
-
--
-
Comb hair - sado:tgah (saw-doh-tgawh); [Lit. you comb your hair].

Combative - wadiyosha:nowo:s (wah-dee-yos-hah-nonh-wonhs); [Lit. it wants to
fight].
Combination - gayesda:no 1 (gaw-yays-daw-nonh!); [Lit. a mixture of things].
Combinder - ganoji:ya 1s (gaw-non-jee-yah!s); [Lit. it cuts and threses grain].
Combustible - odegasgo:h (oh-day-gaws-gonh); [Lit. burns easily].
Come again - denshe' ae' (den-shayh!-- ah-eyh!).
- Comes apart - dwatga: 1was (dwah-tgah!-wawhs); [Lit. edges come up].

Come from somewhere else - dwage:doh (dwah-gay-donh); [Lit. I have come from
some other place].
Come visit again- denshajo 1 se:ne 1 ae 1 (den-shaw-jonh!-say-nayh!--ah-eyh!).
Come (here)- gajih (gaw-jeeh).
- Come in - da:joh (daw-jonh).
Come into being (form) - odado:ni:h (oh-daw-donh-neeh).
Come into force (law) - odohe:doh (oh-donh-hay-donh).
Come near (to me) - dasado:ek (daw-saw-doh-ehk).
Come straight on- etsego:daje:d (enh-chay-gohn-daw-jayh!) [Iron working term].
Come to light- oyedete 1 oh (oh-yenh-day-tayh!-onh); [Lit. rcognizable].
-.
Come to pass - 01 gai:wayeis (oh!-gaw-eeh-waw-yay-ees); [Lit. it did happen].
......
,
Come to the surface - odo1gahgoh (oh-doh!-gah-gonh); [Lit. it has surfaced],float.
Comedian - hodiwajanon (hoh-dee-wah-jaw-nohn); [Lit. he's funny].
Comet- gaohsyoje:ta1 (gaw-onh-shonh-jay-tawh!).
Comfort - adenideosha1 (ah-denh-nee-denh-onh-shah!); [Lit. tender care].
Comfortable- gayo:sdoh (gaw-yonhs-donh).
Comical (they are)- hodiweno:we1s (hoh-dee-wenh-no-wayh!s); [Lit. they are
humorous].
Coming (they are)- daodige:yohda:ne 1 (daw-oh-dee-genh-yohn-daw-nayh!); [Lit.
- meaning unknown]. {old word}

Coming (it is) - da:we 1 (daw-wayh!).
-
-.
- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; i:i as in on

84
-
Commendation- gahseniyo:sdoh (gawh-senh-nee-yos-donh).
-
Commented (he had) - haweh (haw-wenh).
Committee- honenihjo:go:d (hoh-nenh-nee-joh�goad); [Lit. they have a g roup],
--
club, organization. -
Common cold (it has)- otowinyo1se:h (oh-toh-wee-nyonh!-sayh).
Common Faces dance- hodigohsosga•ah (hoh-dee-goh-sos-gawh!-ah); [Lit. faces
--
without pouches].
Common pin - ojisgo 1go:n (oh-jees-goh!-gohn); [Lit. it has a knot].
-
Common sense- 0 1nigon (oh!-nee-gon).
Commonreed- ohsa 1ge:da 1 (oh-sah!-genh-dawh!); [Lit. used as com medicine].
--
Community - gane:gwe:goh (gah-nenh-gway-gonh).
Compact- wadiwihsa 1oh (waw-dee-wee-sah!-onh); [Lit. an agreement]. --
Comparable-tsa 1deyo1de:h (chawh!-day-yoh!-denh); [Lit. about the same].
Compared-doge•o:• watgatweh (doh-genh!-onh!--wah-tgaw-twenh); [Lit.
--
carefully--looked at].
Compassion- 0 1nigoehni:de:s (oh!-nee-gonh-: enh-nee-denhs); [Lit. it has a kind,
--
humble mind]. --
Compatible - ho1 tgayeostet (hoh!-tgaw-yenh-onhs-tayh!t); [Lit.it was comfortable
for both].
-
Compatibility- degayeosdoh (day-gaw-yenh-onhs-donh); [Lit. comfortable].
Compensation- gaga:nyakgi:h (gaw-gaw-nyak-geeh); [Lit. it was paid].
--
Compensation- odetga:nyakgoh (oh-dayt-gaw-nyawk-gonh); [Lit. it is paid].
Compensation (for stories)- waowonya:tsi 1s (waw-oh-won-nyah!-chees); [Lit.
--
-
they treated his throat].
Compete (it will)- dewontge:ni1 (denh-won-tgenh-neeh!). --
Competition (its in)- deyotge:nyo:h (day-yoh-tgenh-nyonh).
Compiled- gaiwahsyoni:h (gaw-eeh-wah-shonh-neeh); [Lit. the words are made].
-
--
Complaint -jodiok Goh-dee-oak); [Lit. incompleteness], cause for concern.
Complaining-jodiokdanih Goh-dee-oak-daw-neeh); [Lit. concern over an issue]. --
-
--
--
-
Complement- degayeosdoh (day-gaw-yenh-ohs-donh); [Lit.ease for both].

-- Complete (normal) - tga:yei:1 (tgawh-yay-eeh!).
Complete (you - it) - syene:ndat (shen-nehn-dawt).
Completed (I- it) - 01gyene:ndat (oh!-gyenh-nehn-dawt).
Completed (its)- gayene:nda 1oh (gaw-yenh-nehn-dawh!�onh).
- Completed (he - it) - wayene:ndat (waw-yenh-nenh-dawt).

Completed (ended) - ojene:nda 1oh (oh-jenh-nehn-dawh!-onh).
Completed (Ifulfilled) - agiwayi:sdoh (aw-gee-waw-yees-donh); [Lit.Ihave
completed it according to my word].
Completes (she-it) - yeyene:nda1 s (yay-yenh-nenh-dawh!s).
Complex - oiwade:s (oh-eeh-waw-denhs); [Lit. the matter/issue is deep].
Complicated - wo 1oiwadeshet (woh!-oh-eeh-waw-denhs-hayt); [Lit. the
matter/issue became deep].
- Component - joihwasho1 (joh-eeh-was-honh!); [Lit. one matter at a time].

Composed- 0 1nigoehniyoh (oh!-nee-gonh-enh-nee-yonh); [Lit. it has a firm mind].
Compost- gaediyo:sdahgwa 1 (gaw-enh-dee-yos-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. it fertilizes].
Comprehensive- 0 1nigoehye:dad (oh!-nee-gonh-enh-yenh-dawd); [Lit. its
understandable].
Compromise- hotgaiwa 1dihet (hoh!-tguy-wawh!-dee-hayt); [Lit. agreement].
Comtroller- hotwisdatgaeyo:1 (hoh-twihs-dawd-gaw-enh-yonh!); [Lit. he watches
the money.
Companion- ogya:tsih (onh-gyaw-cheeh); [Lit. my friend].
Concealment- wahsehdoh (wawh-sayh-donh); [Lit. its hidden].
Conceit- gaye:nye (gaw·-yenh-nyayh).
Conceited- wadatgonye:sta 1 (waw-daw-tgonh-nyenhs-tawh!]; [Lit. snobbish].
Concentrating- 0 1nigo:hwi:h (oh!-nee-goh-weeh); [Lit. the mind stays on it].
Concentration (lost)- wo 10 1nigoehsgwahde 1 (woh!-oh!-nee-go-enh-sgwah-denh!);
[Lit. it caused the mind to go astray].
Conception -o'wadohe:d (oh!-waw-donh-hayd); [Lit. it became alive].
Key: a as in ah; e as.in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ii as in on
-
ONONDOWA1 GA:; GAWE:NO'
Concluded- wo 1oiwae 1 het (woh!-oh-eeh-wah-enh!-hayt); [Lit. discussion stops].

Conclusion- oiwae 1he 1oh (oh-eeh-wah-enh!-hayh!-onh); [Lit. matter is ended]. -
-
Concurred- gaihwiyosdoh (guy-wee-yos-donh); [Lit. matter is good, agreed on].
Condemn - gaihwawa 1se:h (guy-waw-wah!-say); [Lit.issue is shortened and --
closed].
-
Condescending- gage:nih (gaw-genh-neeh); [Lit. it belittles].
· Condition - niyo1de:h (nee-yoh!-denh); [Lit. its the way it is].
-
Condole- ga 1 nigoe:gesgweh (gawh!-nee-goh-eh-gays-gwenh); [Lit. uplift the
mind]
Condolence ceremony- aja:kgosha 1 go:wa:h (ah-jah-konhs-hah-goh-wawh) [a --
great feast].
Condone - dwade:he:h (dwa-denh-hay); [Lit. sticking up for bad action].
--
Conduct- netgaiwiya 1doh (nayh-tguy-wee-yah!-donh); [Lit. in the manner of the
matter/issues direction].
--
Conductor-ha:ga:gwas (haw-gah-gwas); [Lit. he collects the charge].
Conduit - aweo 1da 1 (aw-way-oh!-dawh!); [Lit. pipe]. --
Cone (ie pine)- onohgwe 1da 1 (oh-nonh-gwenh!-dawh!).
Confederation- honontwe1 no:ni:h (hoh-nohn-twayh!-nonh-neeh); [Lit. they have --
come together as one group].
Confer- hodi:ashe 1 (hoh-dee-ah-shenh!); [Lit. they are in council over it].
--
Confer (I--) in a whisper - 01 gada:ne:ge: 1 (oh!-gaw-daw-nay-genh!).
Conferred- hodia:shehdahgo:no 1 (hoh-dee-ah-shen-dawh-donh-nonh!); [Lit. it
-
has been discussed about].
Confinement- gaya 1 dae 1he 1oh (gaw-yawh!-daw-enh!-hayh!-onh); [Lit. made to
stay in one place].
Confirmed - gaihwaniyii:doh (guy-waw-nee-yah-donh); [Lit. hardened the word].
--
Confiscated-wahdehgweh (wah-denh-gwenh); [Lit. taken from one forcefully].
Conflict- degaiwadi:yon (day-guy-waw-dee-yohn) ; [Lit. tugging with the words].•
--
Confront (verbally)- sagaihyoh:de 1 (saw-guy-yoh-denh!); [Lit. returning the
--
--
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; ii as in at; e as in end; i:i as in on
·-
--
words] bringing back the words said about themselves, to the one who said it.
Confronted (them) - waenontgahde' (waw-enh-nohn-tgah-denh!); [Lit. they faced
them] about the issue/matter.
Confusion- de'joyede:d niyojeeh (dayh!-joh-yenh-dayd--nee-yoh-jay-enh); [Lit.
its unclear what is hppening].
Confusing (the issue)- deyodiwawenye:h (day-yoh-dee-waw-wenh-nyay); [Lit.
the matter/issue is getting stirred around].
Congealed- wo'o:nihet (woh!-oh-nee-hayh!t); [Lit. it became hard].
Congenial, kindly- oje:noni:h (oh-jenh-nohn-neeh); [Lit. its respectful].
Congestion (chest) - deyoshahsiya:' (day-yos-hah-see-yawh!); [Lit.the breath is
- tight].
Congratulate- degano:nyoh (day-gaw-nonh-nyonh); [Lit. its honoring].
Congregation-hodiya 1 dahyi:oh (hoh-dee-yayh!-daw-yeeh-onh); [Lit. they are
- having a meeting].
Congregating - genjol;lgwaye1 (genh-joh-gwawh-yenh!); [Lit. a group there].
Congress of the US - hadigehji:neh (haw-dee-genh-jeeh-nayh); [Lit. at the place
of the old ones].
Connects - 0 1 dwa 1ho:nde' (oh!-dwah!-hon-denh!); [Lit. joins one with another].
- Connected- dewada'ho:n (day-waw-dawh!-hohn); [Lit. joined another as one].
Connected- dewa 1ho:jo 1 (day-wawh!-honh-jonh!); [Lit a series of connected
-- objects].
- Connecting- deyonohsondahgoh (day-yoh-nonh-sonh-dah-gonh; [Lit.it joins].

Connector (occupation) - ganyorosha 1 deno 1ho:ta 1 (gaw-nyonh!-shah!--denh
nonh!-hohn-tawh!); [Lit. they connect iron]. Ironwork.
- Conquered - howodihgwe:nyo:h (hoh-woh-deeh-gweh-nyonh); [Lit. they have
beaten them].
Consensus - ho 1tgaihwa 1 di:het (hoh!-tguy-wawh!-dee-hayt); [Lit. all agreed].
-- Consented- ogaye'oh (oh-gaw-yenh!-onh); [Lit. it was willing].
Consequence- ne 1hoh niya:wehs (nayh!-hoh--nee-yaw-wenhs); [Lit. it happens].
-
ONONDOWA1 GA: 1 GAWE:NO•
Conserving- wadohnye:0 1 (waw-donh-nyeh-onh!); [Lit. it saves], putting away.

Consideration - degaya1 dowehdoh (day-gaw-yah!-doh-wayh-donh); [Lit. to help].
Considerable (amt.)- sa1niyo:h (sawh!-nee-yonh); [Lit. quite a bit].
Considerate- oje:no:ni:h (oh-jenh-nonh-neeh); [Lit. respectfully].
Consistant- jawe 1oh (jaw-wenh!-onh); [Lit. continually].
Consoled- ho 1tga 1nigoehgwat (hoh!-tgawh!-nee-goh-enh-gwat); [Lit. it lifted the
mind].
Consolation- ga 1nigoe:gesgweh (gawh!-nee-gonh-enh-sgwenh); [Lit. the mind has
been lifted up].
Consolidate- ha1de:ga: 1 (hawh!-denh-gawh!); [Lit. as much as can be merged].
Conspicuous - gwa1tiyoye:de:d (gwah!-tee-yoh-yenh-dayd); [Lit. in full view].
Conspiracy- degayenowo 1ko 1 (day-gaw-yen-nonh-wonh!-konh!); [Lit. among all
those working together].
Contagious- wade:whas (wah-day-whahs).
Container - yeahgwa1 (yay-ah-gwawh!); [Lit. used to put thing into].
Constantly- jewo 1oh (jenh-wonh!-onh), [Lit. all the time].
Constellation - Oditgwe 1deo:nyo 1 (oh-deet-gwenh!-denh-onh-nyonh!).
Constipated- oha1seh (oh-hah!-sayh); [Lit. its dry (bowel movements)].
Constrained- gadowa:goh (gaw-doh-wah-gonh); [Lit. held down tight].
Construct (I will) - dege:ka1 (denh-gay-kawh); [Lit. I'll put it together].
Consult - e:siwihsa:g (enh-see-weeh-sawg); [Lit. look for more information].
Consultant- he1nigo:ta1 (henh!-nee-goh-tawh!); [Lit. he gives ideas].
Consumed - heyosahdoh (hay-yos-ah-donh); [Lit. it all gone].
Contemplating- wenohdohnyoh (wenh-nonh-donh-nyonh); [Lit. thinking].
Contemptible - joya1dage:dat (joh-yawh!-daw-gay-dawt).
Content (word)- negaiyo 1de:h (nee-guy-yoh!-denh); [Lit. meaning of the word].
Contentment - 01nigoe:yoh (oh!-nee-gonh-enh-yoh); [Lit. it has a good mind].
Contest....:. dewatgenyo:h (day-waw-tgenh-nyonh); [Lit. in competition].
Contestant- deyontge:ni 1 (denh-yohn-tgenh-neeh!); [Lit. she will compete].
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; li as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Contract - waehnondi:wisa:' (wah-enh-non-dee-wees-ah!); [Lit. they made an

agreement].
Continuation- heyo'ho:n (hay-yoh!-hohn); [Lit. adding on and on].
Continuing (word) - ho'gaiwahdaje' (hoh!-guy-wah-daw-jayh!); [Lit.words being
added on and on].
-- Continuous - jawe•oh Gaw-wenh!-onh); [Lit. all the time].

Continous to be - ahsoh niyo,de:h (awh-sonh--nee-yoh!-denh); [Lit. still being
that way].
Contract - wadiwahsyo:ni' (wah-dee-wah-shonh-neeh!); {Lit.they make the words]
Contrast, different - dewe:no:' (day-way-nonh!).
- Contributed (donated)- dwatga'weh (dwah-tgawh!-wenh).
Contributed (added to) - hegayesdoh (hay-gaw-yays-donh).
Control - dwenohdo:' (dwenh-nonh-donh!); [Lit. it determines].
Controls (he -)- tenohdo:' (tenh-nonh-donh!); [Lit. he determines].
Contusion - ho'dwagege:ja'ko:' (hoh!-dwa-gay-genh-jawh!-jonh!); [Lit. I got
small cuts].
Convalesing - swado:gweh (swah-donh-gwayh); [Lit. its getting healthier].
- Convenient - gayeohsdoh (gaw-yeh-ohs-donh).
Conversation- dega:ta:' (day-gaw-tawh!); [Lit. there is talk].
- Convict- deodi:wa:e' (day-oh-dee-waw-ayh!); [Lit. he did wrong].

Convicted - wowoiwawa's (wonh-woh-eeh-wah-wawh!s); [Lit. the talkended].
Convulsions (afflicted with) - goja'do:wi:h (goh-jawh!-doh-weeh).
Convulsions (having ) - o'noehtsa's (oh!-noy-chawh!s).
- Cookhouse - wadikonya,ta' (waw-deeh-kohn-nyah!-tawh!); [Lit. where they
cook].
Cooks - wadiko:nih (waw-deeh-kohn-neeh); [Lit. the women cook].
Cook (you) - sekonih (sayh-kohn-neeh).
Cooked - owi:h (oh-weeh).
Cooking - gako:ni:h (gaw-kohn-neeh).
-- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; i:i as in on

Cooking stove-yekonya 1dahgwa 1 (yay-konh-nyah!-dah-gwah!; [Lit. for cooking].

Cooling trend- sawato:wa:d (saw-wah-toh-waad); [Lit. it cooled off again].
Cooperation - degayenowo 1ko1 (day-gaw-yenh-nonh-wonh!-konh!).
Copper - ogwesha 1 (oh-gwenh-shah!).
Coquettish, flirting- 0 1noweha:d (oh!-noh-wayh-hawd); [Lit. troublesome].
Cord, rope- geohga: 1 (genh-oh-gawh!).
Cord, tendon, sinew- ono:ya 1 (oh-nonh-yah!).
Cord, wood- o:te:sha 1 (oat-enh-shah!).
Core- o:a 1da 1 (oh-ah!-dawh!).
Cork - o:jia 1 (oh-jee-ah!).
Corn ( tamale)- ganyahji 1 da 1 (gaw-nyah-jeeh!-dawh!); [Lit. a braid]'. Mashed
green com cooked in a husk bundle.
Corn (roast on open fire) - wade 1jeo:dak (wah-dayh!-jenh-onh-dawk).
Com ( with husk)- o:we 1da 1 (oh-wenh!-dawh!).
Corn ( without husk). - 01nisda 1 (oh!-nees-dawh!).
Com (baked)- ogo:sa 1 (oh-gonh-sah!).
Com (black or dark)- oneo:ji:h (oh-nenh-oh-jeeh).
Com (braided)- osde 1sha 1 (ohs-denh!-shah!).
Com (cracked)- 0 1neyosda 1 (oh!-nay-yos-dawh!}; [Lit. hominy grains].
Com (decayed, foul) - otgi 1 oneo1 (oat-geeh!--oh-nenh-onh!). Early traders have
logged about having been served a "wretched com dish". Recipe extinct.
Com, field - ono 1ja 1 (oh-noh!-jawh!); [Lit. tooth].
Corn (flint) - hehgowa:h (hayh-goh-wawh).
Com (fried) - gagosagi: 1 da: 1 (gaw-gonh-sah-geeh!-dawh); [Lit. fried green corn
kernels].
Com (generic term)- oneo 1 (oh-nenh-onh!).
Com (good tasting) - 01nisdaga 1oh (oh!-nees-daw-gawh!-onh).
Com (green)- osa 1ah (oh-sah!-awh); [Lit. milky kernels].
Com, hominy - hehgo:wah (hayh-goh-wawh).

Com (hulls removed)- gagaihdehdoh (gaw-guy-denh-donh!); [Lit. hulls taken off]

by a solution of ashes or soda, depending on variety of com.
Corn (maturing kernels)- wadahwisahs (wah-daw-wees-ahs).
Com (mature kernels) - odahwisa 1 oh (oh-daw-wees-sawh!-onh).
Corn (mush)- ojisgwa' (oh-jees-gwawh!).
- Com, native - oneo 10:weh (oh-nenh-onh!-onh-wayh). Oral Tradition: that corn was
one of the first original vegetables to grow on Turtle Island.
Corn (nibblets)- odigohsa:d (oh-dee-gonh-saad); [Lit. just become milky].
Corn (parched meal)- oshowe: 1 (ohs-honh-wenh!).
Corn (popping) - one:sohgwa 1 (oh-nenh-sonh-gwah!). { One version}
- Corn (popping) - wahdado:gwas (wah-daw-donh-gwas); [Lit. it bursts].
Corn (samp)- oshowe: 1 (ohs-honh-wenh!)i
Corn (sweetened) - ono 1gwisha 1 (oh-nonh!-gwees-hah!); [Lit. milky com].
Corn (they are gathering) - hadi 1nisde:s (haw-deeh!-nees-days).
Corn (white)- oneoge:n (oh-nenh-onh-gehn). [aka Tuscarora corn].
Com (whole)- ono 1ja 1 (oh-noh!-jawh!); [Lit. tooth].
Corn basket -ye 1nisdanehgwista 1 (yayh!-nees-daw-nenh-gwees-tawh!); [Lit. one
.......
uses it to carry com].
Com bread - gagaihdehdo 1 (gaw-gaw-eeh-denh-donh!); (Lit. with hulls removed)
-- Com bread broth - oahgwahgi 1 (oh-ah-gwah-geeh!).

Com bug- 0 1nowatgo 1 (oh!-no-wawh-tgonh!); [Lit. bug with evil power].
Corn cob - onohgwe 1 e 1 (oh-nonh-gwenh!-enh!).
Com cropper - gawe 1denta 1 (gaw-wenh!-den-tawh!); [Lit. it takes the corn ears
- down].
Corn dance- oneo oeno 1 (oh-nenh-onh!--oh-enh-nonh!); [Lit. corn's song].
1
Com dumplings (flint)- hehgo:wa:h 0 1ho:sda1 (hayh-goh-wawh--oh!-honhs

dawh!); [Lit. flint com--dumplings].
Corn hulls - ogaehda 1 (oh-gawh-ayh-dawh!).
Corn husk- ono:nya 1 (oh-noh-nyawh!).
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ti as in on

Com husk basket, sm. - ono:sha' (oh-nonh-shah!).

Com kernel rows- o:ade' (oh-aw-dayh!); [Lit. a trail].
Com leaf - ojowohsa' (oh-jaw-wonh-sawh!).
Com lily- tado:ahseshah (taw-doh-ah-says-hawh).
Com meal (flint)- hehgowa:h ote'sha' (hayh-goh-wayh--oh-tayh!-shah!);
[Lit. flint com--flour].
Com meal (white) - oneoge:n ote'sha' (oh-nenh-oh-gehn--oh-tayh!-shah!);
Lit. white com--flour].
Com meal (yellow)- ojitgwa:e:' ote rsha' (oh-jeet-gwah-enh!--oh-tayh!-shah!);
-
[Lit. yellow com--flour].
Com medicine - gahsa'ge:ta' (gaw-sawh!-gayh-tawh!). {common reed}
Com medicine- osdisda:ne' (ohs-dees-daw-nayh!). {bottle-brush grass}
Com oil- oneo' ono' (oh-nenh-onh!--oh-nonh!); [Lit. com--oil].
Com Planter- Gayentwahgeh (gaw-yen-twah-gayh); [Lit. planted there]. Born in
1735 into the Wolf Clan, Cornplanter was raised by his mother Deyago'ka:heh,
(also mother of Handsome lake). He knew his Dutch father, John O'bail, only
slightly.
Cornplanter Grant - Jonohsade:geh (burnt house there). In 1795, George
Washington, acting through the new federal government and the state of
Pennsylvania; granted Cornplanter and his heirs 780 acres, to be held for them
in perpetuity.
Com pollen- ogojirda' (oh-gonh-jeeh!-dawh!).
Com silk- oge'a' (oh-gayh!-ah!); [Lit. silk inside husk].
Com silk (1st stage) -ogyo:d (oh-gyod); [Lit. silk protruding from husk].
Com smut - oji:gwes (oh-jeeh-gwenhs).
Com snapper- gane:ita' (gaw-nenh-eeh-tawh!).
Com soup (cracked com)- o'neyosda:gi' (oh!-nee-yos-daw:geeh!)
Com soup (green) - ogosagi' (oh-gonh-sah-geeh!).
Com soup (hominy)- ononda:' (oh-nohn-daah!). { made from flint com}

Com soup (hull) - onohgwa• (oh-noh-gwawh!).

Com soup (roast)- one1da 1 (oh-nenh!-dawh!).
Com soup liquor - onegagi• (oh-nay-gaw-geeh!).
Com stalk- o:yea' (oh-yay-ah!).
Com stalk cutting - ganowiyakgoh (gaw-nonh-wee-yawk-gonh).
Com stalk cutting machine- ganowi:ya•s (gaw-nonh-wee-yawh!s).
Com stalk cutter (sickle) - yenowiyakta 1 (yay-nonh-wee-yawk-tawh!).
Com stalk cutters - hadinowiya1s (haw-dee-nonh-wee-yawh!s).
Com stalks (cut) - ganowiya 1goh (gaw-nonh-wee-yawh!-gonh).
Com stalk stack- gaji 1hosdohgo:d (gaw-jeeh!-honhs-doh-goad).
Com syrup - oneo' oshesda 1 (oh-nenh-onh!--ohs-hays-dawh!); [Lit. com --syrup].
Com tassle- oji 1jo:d (oh-jeeh!-joad); [Lit. standing· tassle, 2nd stage].
Com tassle- oji 1jowa: 1 (oh-jeeh!-joh-wawh!); [Lit. tassle over end of ear, 3 rd stage].
Com washing basket- yegaido:wa 1 ta 1 (yayh-guy-doh-wah!-tawh!).
Com worm - osho1yohta1 (ohs-honh!-yoh-tawh!); [Lit. it goes backwards].
Comer- otsosgwa:d (oh-chos-gwawd).
Comer (of a room)- gehsa:g (genh-sawg).
Comer (he will -)- eo 1nonta:h (enh-onh!-nonh-dawh).
Cornered (him) - wo 1nohda:h (woh!-nonh-dawh).
- Cornered- 0 1nohta: 1 oh (oh!-nonh-dawh-honh); [Lit. it became trapped].

Com-on-the-cob - ga 1nisdok (gawh!-nees-dok); [Lit. boiled com].
Corpse- awe:yo 1da 1 (ah-way-yonh!-dawh!).
Correct - joyi:sdoh (ioh-yees-donh); [Lit. right].
Correctly- joyi:sdo:je• (ioh-yees-donh-jayh!); [Lit. becoming right].
Correct choice- tsa 1dwahdoh (chawh!-dwah-donh); [Lit. on the target].
Corset- deyonja 1dowa:gta1 (day-yonh-jawh!-doh-wahg-tawh!); [Lit. used to
tighten around the body].
- Cosmos- geoya 1 ge:ka: 1 (genh-onh-yawh!-gay-kawh!); [Lit. of the skies].

Cost - oga: 1 (oh-gawh!); [Lit. everything has a price].

Cost - niyoga: 1 (nee-yoh-gah!); [Lit. its price] .

Costume, woman's - oswade:h (ohs-swaw-denh).
Cotton - ogo 1ho 1 (oh-gonh!-honh!).
Couch - gaji 1gaye:s (gaw-jeeh!-gaw-yays); [Lit. long seat].
Cough (I) - gahsa 1 ka 1 (gah-sawh!-kawh!).
Coughing (he is) - hohsa 1geh (hoh-sawh!-genh).
Cough medicine -gohsa 1geh deyodogehdoh (goh-sawh!-genh--day-yoh-doh-genh-
donh); [Lit. cough--itworks against it].
Coughed (I) - ho 1gahsa 1k (hoh!-gawh-sawk).
Coughing (I am) - gahsa 1 ka 1 (gawh-sawh!-kawh!).
Could be- ne 1-noh-nah (nayh!-nonh-nah). {C-P}
Council fire - gajisdaye (gaw-jees-daw-yenh!); [Lit. the place of the fire]. Oral
1
Tradition: The central fire of governance as established by the Peace Maker is

located on the land of the Onondaga Nation.
Council of Chiefs - Hodiyane:h (hoh-dee-yaw-nay). Oral Tradition: the collective
name given by the Peace Maker to the new confederation of 50 chiefs of the
original five Nations of the Hodinohso:ni'.
Council house - hadia:shendahgwa' (haw-dee-ah-shen-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. they
hold council there]. Up to the 1940s, the Seneca Nation held council in the
Coldspring longhouse at Allegany, it became known as the 'council hoy.se'
among the Allegany residents.
Council (adjoumment)-wa:diwaha: 1 (waw-dee-waw-hawh!); [Lit. they tied the
words] a temporary measure.
Council (end of session) - wa:dia:shenda:go' (waw-dee-ah-shen-daw-goh!); [Lit.
they dismantled the council session].
Council (reconvened) - saeno:je: 1 (saw-enh-non-janh!); [Lit. they reseated].
-
Councilors -hadia:sheo' (haw-dee-aws-henh-onh!).
Counselor - hene 1nigo:ta 1 (henh!-nee-goh-tawh!); [Lit. gives ideas], advises.
Count (you) - sashe:d (saws-hayd).
-
-- Counted - washe:deh (waws-hay-denh).

Counter-hodeshe:datgaeyo:' (hoh-days-hay-daw-tgaw.;enh-yonh!); [Lit. he is in
charge of watching the numbers].
Counter (to) - deyodogehdoh (day-yoh-doh-genh-donh); [Lit. against].
Counter acts - ho 1dwado:gen (hoh!-dwa-doh-gen); [Lit. works against].
- Couple (number)-deknih (day-knee); [Lit. 2].
-
- Couple (dance ) - ho,ti:nyo:de' (hoh!-tee-nyoh-denh!).
Court - hadia:shedahgwa 1 (haw-dee-ah-shen-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. where
- deliberations are made].

Court house - hadia:shedahgwa 1 geh (haw-dee-ah-shen-dawh-gwah!-gayh); [Lit.
the (building) where deliberations are made].
Cousin (my) - agea:'se: 1 (ah-gee-ah!-sayh!).
Cousins (we are) - a:gyea:•se: 1 (ah-gyay-ah!-sayh!).
- Cousins (2 males are) - ya: 1se: 1 (yah!-sayh!).

Cousins (males are) - hene: 1se: 1 (henh-nenh!-sayh!).
Cover (lid)- awe1sa 1 (aw-wayh!-sah!).
Cover (you) - sa:we1sah (saw-wayh!-sah); [Lit. you cover it with a lid]
- Cover (wrap) - ye1howe:gta 1 (yayh!-hoh-wayg-tawh!); [Lit.wrapping material].
Cover (with a blanket)- sahgwa:s (sah-gwaws); [Lit. you cover yourself].
- --
Cover (you wrap)- se'ho:we:g (sayh!-hoh-wayg); [Lit. wrap with material].
Covered (un wrapped) - ga 1howehso:h (gawh-hoh-wayh-sonh) { with material}.
Covered (it is)- wawe1seoh (waw-wayh!-senh-onh) {with lid}.
Covered (lid off) - wawe1sa:gweh (waw-wayh!-sah-gwenh).
Covered (I-it) - agawe 1seoh (ah-gaw-wayh!-senh-oh) { with a lid}.
- Covering - yowe1sa:ta 1 (yonh-wayh!-:sah-tawh!); [Lit. used to cover with].
Covering (body) -henoja 1dowe:sgwa 1 (henh-noh-jawh!-doh-way-sgwah!); [Lit.
used to cover their bodies with]. This may be a time when leathers were worn,
before cloth clothing.
Cow-johosgwa 1on (ioh-hos-gwah-hohn);[Lit. it chews the cud] as per JBHewitt.
-
Creeper (its a)- dewatsosgwi:ne' (day-wah-chos-gweeh-nayh!).

Creeping (boy)- deatsosgwi:ne•s (day-ah-chos-gweeh-nayh!s).
Creeping (girl)- deyontsosgw�:ne 1s (day-yohn-chos-gweeh-nayh!s).
Creeps (it)-dewatsosgwi:ne 1s (day-wah-chos-gweeh-nayh!s).
Cremation-gaya1de•da:h (gaw-yawh!-denh!-dawh); [Lit. body is burned].
Cresent (moon) - ga•ehda: 1 (gawh!-ayh-dawh!).
Crew - henojo•da:s (henh-nonh-joh!-daws); [Lit. they are workers].
Crick - geho:de 1 (genh-honh-dayh!).
Cricket-jisda:h (jees-dawh).
Cried (it)-ho 1wasdae• (hoh!-was-dah-enh!).
Crime-deyodi:wae 1 (day-yoh-dee-waw-eyh!); [Lit.it did wrong].
Criminal- de 1tgai:wayei: 1 (dayh!-tguy-waw-yay-eeh!); [Lit. wrong doer].
Crimped-deyohji 1dowa:goh (day-hoh-jeeh!-doh-wah-gonh); [Lit. pinched].
Crimson-otgwehdaiyo:h (oat-gwenh-daw-eeh-yoh); [Lit. bright red].
Cringing (its) - deyotohsi:h (day-yoh-tonh-seeh).
Crisis- deyoye1hihdoh (day-yoh-yenh!-heeh-donh); [Lit. hardship].
Critical (bashing)- oiwayehdoh (oh-eeh-waw-yenh-donh); [Lit. hitting with
words].
Critical (judgmental)- otge:nih (oat-genh-neeh).
Critical (emergency) - ho 1tgaye1 hid (hoh!-tgaw-yenh!-heed).
Criticism - gaiwahyehdoh (guy-wawh-yenh-donh); [Lit. struck with words].
Croaking (peepers) - wadi1no 1s (waw-deeh!-noh!s).
Crock - ono 1da: 1 (oh-nonh!-dah!).
Crooked (dishonest)-de 1tgai:wayei: 1 (dayh!-tguy-waw-yay-eeh!); [Lit. the word
is not straight).
Crooked (shape)- otsi1gwado 1 (oh-cheeh!-gwaw-donh!); [Lit. zig zag].
Crookneck squash - onya 1sa 1 (oh-nyah!-sawh!); [Lit. neck].
Crop- gaye:toh (gaw-yenh-tonh).
Crops (ceremony)-yotowi:sas (yohn-tonh-wee-saws). Songs sung by women

ONONDOWA•GA:· GAWE:NO•
99
to benefit crops.
Cross basket - dega 1asheoh (day-gawh!-ahs-henh-onh); [Lit. square basket].
Cross (biblical)- degayahso:n (day-gaw-yah-sohn).
Cross cut saw- yeojakta 1 (yenh-onh-jawk-tawh!); [Lit. cuts trees with].
Cross (ornery)- osha:nid (ohs-haw-need).
Cross eyed- deyotga 1se: 1 (day-yoh-tgawh!-sayh!).
..... Cross examination- dedwadao:do1 (day-dwa-daw-onh-donh!); [Lit. asked again].
'Crossed the fire' - degajeiya 1kdoh (day-gaw-jenh-eeh-yak-donh).
- Crossed (the water)- hotgaya:yak (hoh!-tgaw-yaw-yawk); [Lit. it crossed the

water].
Crossed (x'ed)- degayahso:n (day-gaw-yah-sohn).
Crossbars - degayendao 1 (day-gaw-yehn-daw-onh!); [Lit. boards set at a cross].
Crossing- deyoiya 1goh (day-yoh-eeh-yah!-gonh); [Lit. crossing a path].
- Crossing the woods - gahadiya 1ko 1oh (gaw-haw-dee-yawh!-konh!-onh).

Restricted ceremony.
- Crossroad - dewahta 1se: 1 (day-waw-tawh!-sayh!); [Lit. one road over the other].
Crotch- 0 1howe: 1 (oh!-honh-wenh!).
Crow- ga 1ga:• (gawh!-gawh!).
Crowbar - gasho:a1 (gaws-hoh-ah!).
Crowd- genjohgo:d (genh-joh-goad).
---. Crowd (big)- gejohgowa:neh (genh-joh-goh-waw-nenhs).

Crown of thorns- oikda 1 degano•e:heh (oh-eek-dawh!--day-gaw-nonh!-enh-
henh).
Crucifix - degayahso:n (day-gaw-yawh-sohn); [Lit. it's a cross].
Crucifixion- degayahso:n (day-gaw-yawh-sohn); [Lit. put upon a cross].
Crucify (will)- deowoyahso:nde 1 (denh-oh-wonh-yawh-sohn-denh!); [they will
-.. put him upon a cross].
Crucified (they)- ho 1 towoyahso:nde 1 (hoh!-tonh-wonh-yawh-sohn-denh!); [Lit.
- they put him on a cross].
-
-
Cruelty (it is)- ga1 nyagasde 1 (gawh!-nyaw-gaws-da.yh!); [Lit. heavy handed].

Crumbled - ho 1 tgait (hoh!-tgaw-eet); [Lit. it broke into pieces].
Crumbs- ohdo:nye 1sha 1 (oh-donh-nyenh!-shah!).
Crumpled mess- wahgwi 1a:ye1 (wawh-gwih!-yah-yenh!).
Crutches (she's using)- deyagoda 1 dihsyo:n (day-yaw-goh-dawh!-deeh-shohn;
[Lit. she's using two canes].
Crunching- deyodoe 1ja:ga:h (day-yoh-doh-enh!-jaw-gawh); [Lit.chewing loudly].
Crushed - degaihdoh (day-gah-eeh-donh); [Lit. broken into pieces].
Crusty- odawehga: 1 (oh-daw-wenh-gawh!).
Cry (don't you)- senoh esasda:eh (senh-nonh--enh-saws-daw-enh).
Cry baby -0 da nih (oh!-dah!-neehh); [Lit it cries often].
1 1
Cried (I)- 0 1gasda:e 1 (oh!-gaws-daw-enh!).

Crying- wasda:ha1 (was-daw-hawh!); [Lit. it is crying].
Crystal- atgahtwasha 1 (ah-tgah-twas-hah!); [Lit. used by Messengers to lift the
devil's house].
Cucumber- onyohsatgos (oh-nyonh-sawt-gonhs).
Cucumber tree - geodane:khe:h (genh-oh-daw-nay-kenh).
Cultivator-gaehdoge:yos (guy-doh-genh-yonhs).
Cultural Metaphors - ha1desgayo:da: 1 (hawh!-days-gaw-yohn-dawh!); [Lit.
similar] the world view of the Hodinohso:ni' is rich with metaphors where
figurative language is used to suggest a likeness of an idea or thing.
Culture - netodiyeehstahgoh (nay-toe-dee-yay-enh-staw-gonh); [Lit. the way they
do it, custom]. The total way a society functions through its language, each
culture has its own belief system, history, philosophy, arts and music and world
view.
Culver's root- oji 1jo:wa: 1 (oh-jeeh!-joh-wawh!).
Cunning - 0 1nigowaneh (oh!-nee-goh-waw-nenh).
Cup- gawisda1 (gaw-wees-dawh!).
Cupful - gawisdi:h (gaw-wees-deeh).
..
-
- Cure - gaya 1dage:hasha 1 (gaw-yayh!-daw-genh-haws-hah!); [Lit. a help].
Curable- swahdo: 1 (swah-donh!).
Cured- sawa:do 1 (saw-waw-donh!).
Curiosity- 0 1nigoehno:wo:s (oh!-nee-gonh-enh-nonh-wonhs); [Lit. its mind is is
-- bothered].
Curls - onohgwi 1da 1 (oh-nonh-gweeh!-dawh!).
- Curly hair- deyonohgwi:h (day-yoh-nonh-gweeh).

Current (water) - odihade:joh (oh-dee-hawh-denh-jonh).
- Curtailed- gaihwanya1 goh (guy-wee-nyawk-gonh); [Lit. the matter/issue was cut ].
Curtains- oda 1a:de:nyo 1 (oh-dawh!-ah-day-nyonh!); [Lit. webs hanging about].
Curve- wa:hsa 1 gwa:de 1 ( wah-sawh!-gwaw-dayh!); [Lit. bent].
Curvy road- ota:tsi 1gwado 1 (oh-taw-cheeh!-gwah-donh!).
Cushion - gago 1sa1 (gaw-gonh!-sah!); [Lit. pillow].
- Cushioned - gago 1sahgoh (gaw-gonh!-sah-gonh); [Lit. its under it].

Cushion it - sege1sah (say-genh!-sah); [Lit. put it underneath it].
Cushion (under it)- gago 1sahgo:gwa:h (gaw-gonh!-sah-gonh-gwawh); [Lit. under
the pillow].
Custom (procedure) - gaiwahdehgoh (guy-wah-dayh-gonh).
Custom (as it is done)- nigayeno 1 de:h (nee-gaw-yenh-noh!-denh).
Cut (you/s)- i:jak (eeh-jawk).
Cute- oja:non (oh-jaw-non).
Cut (I- it off)- 0 1gyak (oh!-gyawk).
Cut (I - it)- ake:neh (aw-kay-nenh).
Cut (I- myself)-ogadate: 1 (onh-gaw-daw-tayh!).
- Cut off - gaya 1goh (gaw-yawh!-gonh).

Cut up- degaya 1ko1 (day-gaw-yah!-konh!).
Cycle - hejoa:weh (hay-joh-ah-wheh); [Lit. anniversary]
Cycle to cycle- hesga:ho1 (henh-sgaw-hoh!); [Lit. once around].
-
Key: a as in ah; e as in they;.· i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on
--
Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 102 ~
ONONDOWA1GA: 1 GAWE:NO' ~
'-
D 'w
D d • letter symbol borrowed from the English alphabet; '-
\a,
the 1st consonant in the Seneca alphabet
\a...
Dabbing - yedohgao:nyoh (yay-doh-gaw-onh-nyonh); [Lit. she's dabbing things].
'-
Dace- gaho:sgwa:d (gaw-honh-sgwawd). ~
Daffy- do 101 nigon (doh!-oh!-nee-gohn); [Lit. its not sensible]. \ii.;
Daily- ha 1 dewenishage:h (hawh!-day-wenh-nees-hah-gay]. ~
Dad - ha 1nih (hawh!-neeh). '-,.
~
Daddy - ha 1nih (hawh!-neeh).
.....
Daddy-long-legs - gaehsoge' (gaw-eh-soh-gayh!).
Dairy cow- gano 1gwa:d (gaw-nonh!-gwawd); [Lit. it has milk].
...
_,.
Dairy farm - wahno 1gwahdenyedta 1 (wah-nonh!-gwa-denh-nyay-tawh!); [Lit. it \.,
sends out milk]. '-'
Dairy farmer- hahno 1gwadenyedta (haw-nonh!-gwa-denh-nyay-tawh!); [Lit. he \.,..
~
sends out milk].
Daisy {Bot.} - gajihso 1do:ta 1 (gaw-jih-sonh!-dohn-tawh!). '-
Iii.,
Dam - wa 1swa:do 1 (wawh!-swa-donh!).
~
Dam (they plan to build a -) - heno 1swado:ne 1 (henh-nonh!-swa-donh-nayh!).
'-
Damaged - oda:jo 1 (oh-dah-jonh!). 1-,
Damp - oahno:we:h (oh-ah-nonh-wenh). -~
Dampness - oshade 1oh (ohs-haw-denh!-onh).
Dance - gaye:da 1 (gaw-yen-dawh!).
Dance (type of-) - no 1ganonyo 1de 1 (nonh!-gaw-nonh-nyoh!-denh!).
Danced(they) - ho 1teno:n (hoh!-tenh-non).
-
~
Dance, (no English term) - sawano:no 1 0: 1 (saw-waw-noh-noh!-onh!). {obsolete}

Dance for the dead- ohgi:we:h (oh-gee-wayh).
Dance for dead (goods distributed) - yoda 1sata 1 (yonh-dawh!-sah-tawh!).
Dance in progress - dewa:tgweh (day-waw-tgwenh!).
Dance (war) - wasa:seh (waw-saw-sayh).

Dancer-deatgwa• (day-ah-tgwawh!); [Lit. he's a dancer].

Dancer - deyontgwa• (day-yon-tgwah!); [Lit. she's a dancer].
Dancers - denontgwa' (denh-non-tgwah!); [Lit. they are dancers].
Dances- gano:nya• (gaw-noh-nyah!).
Dandelion {Bot.} - ojiso•da• (oh-jeeh-sonh!-dawh!); [Lit. stars].
Dangerous- ohjon (oh-john).
Dared - dawe•nigoentgid (daw-wenh!-nee-gonh-enh-tgeed). [Lit. it became
aggressively determined].
Darien, NY - O•so:ontgeh (oh!-soh-ohn-tgayh); [Lit. place of turkeys].
- Daring (he is) - hahsyo:eh (hawh-show-enh).

Daring (they are) - hadihsyo:eh (haw-dih-show-enh).
Dark (color)- wa:ji:h (waw-jeeh).
Dark eyes- degaga:ji•s (day-gaw-gawh-jeeh!s).
Darkened (night) - ho•dwadahsondaik (hoh!-dwa-dawh-sohn-daw-eek).
Dark corn- oneo:ji:h (oh-nay-onh-jeeh)
-- Dark dance- deyodahsondai:goh (day-yoh-dawh-sohn-daw-eeh-gonh); [Lit.
-..... restricted to society members].
Dark hair- oge•aji:h (oh-gayh!-ah-jeeh).
- Dark red- otgwehda:dagoh (oh-tgwenh-dah-daw-gonh).
Dark skin- geno:ji:h (genh-nonh-jeeh).
...... Darkness (in the)- ohsondago:h (oh-sohn-dawh-gonh).
Dart -gage:da 1 (gaw-gay-dawh!).
Data (gathering)- gaiwe:goh (guy-way-gonh); [Lit. gathering of information].
Date (time)- nejoda:h (nay-joh-daw).
Date (appointment)- wenishahge:ya:d (wenh-nees-hah-genh-yawd).
.....
Daughter (my)- kea:wak (kay-ah-wawk).
-- Daughter (your) - shea:wak (shay-ah-wawk).
Daughter-in-law (my)- ke:sa• (kay-sawh!).
Daughter-in-law (your) - she:sa• (shay-sawh!).
...
- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; 6 as in on
.....
Davenport- yondoishendahgwa1 (yonh-doh-ees-hen-daw-gawh!); [Lit. for resting].

Dawn- dawendode 1 (daw-wen-doh-denh!); [Lit.first rays of sun rise].
Dawn song- gone:owi 1 (goh-nay-oh-weeh!); [Lit. song to the Creator].
Dawn song (singer)- hone:owih (how-nay-oh-weeh!); [Lit. he sings Dawn song].
Day (during)-newenishe:s (nay-wenh-nees-hays).
Day (end of)- odeni:syok (oh-denh-nees-shok).
Day (every)- ha 1deweni:sha:ge:h (hawh!-day-wenh-nees-hah-gay).
Day (has come)- ho 1weni:sha:e 1 (hoh!-wenh-nees-hah-ayh!).
Day after day- ha 1deweni:shahge:h (hah!�day-wenh-nees-hah-gay).
Day ended- 01weni:she:dat (oh!-wenh-nees-henh-dawt).
Day light- deyohateh (day-yoh-haw-tayh).
Day time - e:deh (enh-dayh).
Day, next - henjo:hent (henh-joh-:-hent); [Lit. next morning].
Daybreak - dawe 1nyaga:e 1 (daw-wenh!-nyah-gaw-eh!); [Lit. hand making a noise].
This Seneca term for 'daybreak' is an old term and obsolete for generations now.
Daybreak- ohe 1oje 1 (oh-henh!-onh-jayh!); [Lit. becoming morning].
Days (in those)- dwe:nishade:nyong (dweh-nees-hah-day-nyong).
Days of the week- no 1dewa:dondae 1 (nonh!-day-waw-donh-daw-ayh!).
Dead (all) - go 1wenda 1 oh (goh!-wenh-dawh!-onh); [Lit. all persons are dead].
Dead (it is)- awe:yo:h (aw-way-yonh).
Dead end- o:taok (oh-taw-oak); [Lit. end of road].
Dead issue- gaiwahnyo:h (guy-waw-nyoh); [Lit. the issue is has been killed)
Deaf (I became) - ho 1 tga 1 swe:g (hoh!-tgawh!-swayg).
Deaf (you became) - ho 1tsa 1swe:g (hoh!-chawh!-swayg).
Deafness - dewa 1 swe:goh (day-wawh!-sway-gonh).
Deafening- deyo 1swekde: 1 (day-yoh!-swayg-dayh!).
Deal (they made a -)- 0 1tadinowo:yen (hoh!-taw-dee-nonh-wonh-yehn).
Dealing (they are making a-)- deadinowo:yenta 1 (day-aw-dee-nonh-wonh-yen-
tawh!).
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; ii _as in at; e as in end; ii as in on

•'"'"\. Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 105
- Death's door -geehya'tgeh (genh-eeh-yawh!-tgayh); [Lit. at death's door]. it is

said in Gaiwiyoh,_ a woman approaches death's door in childbirth.
Death (spirit after -)- de'shodigo:do' (dayh!-show-dee-gonh-donh!); [Lit. they are
all knowing].
...... Debate- degaiwahgeheh (day-guy-waw-gayh-henh); [Lit. tugging with the words].

Debilitated- oya1dage:yo:h (oh-yawh!-daw-gay-yonh); [Lit. its become feeble].
Debility- de 1jo:gwenyo:h (dayh!-joh-gwayh-nyonh); [Lit. it can no longer able].
Debit- otgaod (oat-gaw-od); [Lit. it has a debt).
Debris - ao'geh (ah-oh!-gayh); [Lit. scattered].
- Decapitated - ohno'onya'goh (oh-nonh!-onh-nyah!-gonh); [Lit. it cut its head off].

Decay- otge:h (oh-tgenh); [Lit. rotten].
- Decayed com - oneortge:h (oh-nenh-onh-tgenh).

Deceased- awe:yo:h (aw-way-yonh); [Lit. it is dead].
-- Deceived (double-crossed)- ho'tga1nigoe 1se' (hoh!-tgawh!-nee-go-enh!-senh!);

[Lit. it.put one mind over the other mind].
December moon- Nisah (nees-ah).
Decide (you)- i:s senohdo:h (ees--senh-nonh-donh).
Decided (I have)- agi:waerbesdoh (ah-gee-wah-enh!-hays-donh); [Lit. I have
stopped the words ].
Decision- oiwa1he:oh (oh-eeh-wah!-hay-onh); [Lit. the word is firm].
Declined- ho'we 1nigo'ne:g (hoh!-wenh!-nee-goh!-nayg); [Lit. withdrew its mind].
Decomposing- otges (oat-genhs); [Lit. rotting].
Decorate (you) - sya 1dahsyo:nih (shawh!-daw-shown-neeh); [Lit.you make it look
- attractive].
Decorated- gaya1dahsyo:nih (gaw-yawh!-daw-showh-neeh); [Lit. made
-.
....... attractive].
-. Dedicated - 0 1 nigo:wi:h (oh!-nee-goh-weeh); [Lit. the mind is focused].
Deducted - joahgweh (joh-ah-gwenh); [Lit. cut off].
Decreased- jo:no:o' (joh-noh-onh!); [Lit. lacking].
-
ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO' \i.,
....
Deep pockets- aohgeshe:s (ah-onh-gays-hays); [Lit. it's long pockets]. '-"
'-,;
Deep side- deyohse:s (day-yoh-says).
Deep snow -oniyanode:s (oh-nee-yaw-noh-days). "-'
....
Deep thought - wenohdonyoh (wenh-nonh-donh-nyonh).
'-'
Deep water- onode:s (oh-noh-days).
'-'
Deer - neoge' (nay-oh-genh!). ~
Deer antlers - ono 1ga: 1 (oh-nonh!-gah!); [Lit. symbol of chieftainship]. '-

Deer button game - gasge 1ehse:ta, (gaw-sgenh!-enh-say-tawh!). '-
Deer button game (free throws) - ehseji:wed (enh-say-jee-wen); [Lit. to 'hammer']. '-'
Deer clan- Hodinyo:gwaihyo1 (hoh-dee-nyonh-gwah-eeh-yoh!). ""'
'-
Deer fly - jitge:oge' (iee-tgay-oh-genh!). ~
Deer's tongue - shogwaje:no 1kda,oh· aweo' (shonh-gwa-jenh-nok-dawh!-onh--ah- ~
wenh-onh!); { same name as the Hiawatha sunflower} \..

Deer horn war club - gano'geordasha' {gaw-noh!-gay-oh-daws-hah!). '-
'-,,.;
Deer jaw scraper- yegahsyogaya rta'. (yay-gawh-shonh-gaw-yayh!-tawh!).
Defaced- gasgohdoh (gaws-goh-donh); [Lit. spoiled]
'-'
'-
Defamed- gahsenoetgehdoh (gawh-seh-noh-ayd-genh-donh); [Lit. ruined a name].
'-'
Defeated - gowogwenyo:h (gonh-wonh-gway-nyonh). \a;
Defeated issue- o'gaiwahge:, (oh!-gaw-eeh-wah-gayh!); [Lit. became a dead '..,.
issue]. '-"
Defeats -watgwe:nyos (waw-tgway-nyonhs); [Lit. it wins]. '-'
\..
Defecated - ho'weni'do:de 1 (hoh!-wenh-neeh!-doh-denh!]; [Lit. feces stands on
'-,r
end].
'-'
Defect, imperfect- jodok niyo 1deh (ioh-dok--nih-yoh!-denh); [Lit. lacking in its
'-'
appearance]. '-'
Defectating - weni 1dota' (wenh-neeh!-doh-tawh!). '-'
Defend- dawadehe1 (daw-wah-denh-hayh!); [Lit. it stuck up for ...].
._.
Defense- tga:he:h (tgawh-hayh); [Lit. sticking up for. ..].
....
Defense (sport) detadiyenta 1 (day-taw-dee-yehn-tawh!); [Lit. they hit back]. '-"
'--
'-'
<.,.
~
\a..
,__
...
- ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO'
- Deficient- jono:o' (ioh-noh-onh!); [Lit. lacking].

Defiant -de 1wato:da:s (dayh!-wah-tonh-daws); [Lit. it doesn't listen, doesn't mind].
- Defiant - jotsinosdoh (ioh-chee-nohs-donh); [Lit. acting tough, belligerent].
Deficit- jodok (ioh-dok); [Lit. lacking].
Defiled- gaitgehdoh (guy-tgenh-donh); [Lit. ruined].
Defoliation - onehde 1oh (oh-nenh-denh!-onh); [Lit. fallen leaves].
Deformity- oja'dajeo' (oh-jawh!-daw-jay-onh!); [Lit. abnormal body].
Defrauded- ga 1nigoho 1doh (gawh!-nee-gonh-honh!-donh).
Dehydrated (it) - gaha1doh (gaw-hah!-donh); [Lit. its dried].
Dejected- jo'nigoe 1oh (joh!-nee-goh-enh!-onh); [Lit. mind has dropped].
- Delaware (person) - Shagane 1ga: 1 (shawh-gaw-nenh!-gawh!).
Delaware Nation- Hadishagane 1ga: 1 (haw-dees"' shawh-gaw-nenh!-gawh!)
- Delay- eweno 1 gead (enh-wenh-nonh!-gay-ad); [Lit. it will have to wait].

Delegate (you will assign) - esadeho 1t (enh-saw-denh-honh!t).
Delegate (person)- gaya 1dage:ya:d (gaw-yawh!-daw-genh-yayd).
Delegation - howodiya 1dage:ya:d (honh-wonh-dee-yayh!-daw-genh-yawd); [Lit.
they have been appointed].
- Deleted - wahdo 1doh (wah-donh!-donh); [Lit. its been erased].
Deli- odohdo 1 sho 1oh (oh-doh-donh!-shonh!-onh); [Lit. assortment].
Deliberately - tijahwehdoh (tee-jawh-wayh-donh); [Lit. done on purpose].
- Deliberation - ga:she 1 (gawh-shenh!); [Lit. councilled over the matter].

Delicious - oga1 oh (oh-gawh!-onh); [Lit. tasty].
Delivered - watga1 weh (waw-tgawh!-wenh); [Lit. it was brought, left].
Demanded- tgaiwaikdoh (tguy-waw-eek-donh); [Lit. insisted on].
Demented- oya1 niyo 1de:h (oh-yawh!-nee-yoh!-denh); [Lit. something strange].
Demolished - gaihwentweh (guy-wen-twenh); [Lit. torn to pieces].
Demonic- ganisheono 1ka: 1 (gaw-nees-hay-oh-noh!-kawh!); [Lit. its devil like].
- Denial- wadohi:yeh (wah-donh-hee-yenh); [Lit. says its blameless].

Dense (heavy)- osde 1 (ohs-dayh!).
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; ii as in at; e as in end; ti as in on
-
Dense (packed tight)- odendo:oh (oh-denh-doh-onh).

Dent - deyo:dodahgoh (day-yoh-doh-dawh-gonh) [Lit. pitted].
Dentist- hano 1jo:nis (haw-noh!-jonh-nees); [Lit. he fixes teeth].
Denture- oyo 1da1 (oh-yonh!-dawh!); [Lit. gums].
Denying - odohi:yeh (oh-donh-hee-yenh); [Lit. its pleading blameless].
Denies - wadohi:yas (waw-donh-hee-yaws); [Lit. pleading blamelessness].
Departed- ohde:jo:h (oh-denh-jonh); [Lit. gone away, left].
Depleted- heyosahdoh (hay-yos-ah-donh); [Lit. all gone, used up].
Depot- oe 1hesta1 (oh-enh!-hays-tawh!); [Lit. it stops].
Depot (at) - oe 1hesta 1geh (oh-enh!-hays-tawh!-gayh); [Lit. place where it stops].
Depressed-jo 1nigoe1 oh Goh!-nee-gonh-enh!-onh); [Lit. the mind has dropped].
Deprived- ganohsde 1se:h (gaw-noh-stanh!-sayh); [Lit. stingy of it].
Depth (of soil) - neyoyade:s (nay-yoh-yaw-days).
Depth ( of water)- neyo:node:s (nay-yoh-no-days).
Decendent- ne:tonehdoh (nay-toe-nay-nonh); [Lit.where they came from].
Decided - ga 1nigoehsa1oh (gawh!-nee-go-enh-sawh!-onh); [Lit. the mind is made
firm].
Deranged-oya 1niyo 1de:h (oh-yawh!-nee-yoh!-denh); [Lit. some other thing is
going on].
Derisive- gano 1geahnih (gaw-nonh!-gay-ah-neeh); [Lit. its mocking].
Dermatitis - 0 1syohsawi s (oh!-showh-saw-weeh!s); [Lit. it has skin sores].
1
Derriere (Anat.) - gano 1sha 1 (gaw-nonh!-shawh!); [Lit. buttocks].

Descending- dayoja'dehdo:je 1 (daw-yoh-jawh-denh-donh-jayh!); [Lit. its coming
down].
Descriptive- negaya 1do 1de:h (nay-gaw-yawh!-doh!-denh); [Lit. how it looks].
Deserted - gowo:jo:h (gonh-wonh-jonh); [Lit. its been thrown away]. Rejected.
Deserted- gaya1do:jo:h (gonh-wonh-jonh); [Lit. its been left behind].
Desolate - ogwenda:d (oh-gwen-dad); [Lit. so lonely].
Despairing (she is) - gowene 1 doh (goh-wenh-nenh!-donh).

- Despise - gahswaehs (gawhs-wah-enhs); [Lit. it hates].
-- Despised - gahswae'oh (gawh-swah-enh!-onh); [Lit. its become hated].

Despondent - ga1nigoetge 1s (gawh!-nee-gonh-ay-tgeI1.Q.!s); [Lit. its mind is
saddened].
Destiny- neyoda1swa:weh (nay-yoh-dah!-swa-wenh); [Lit. however it happens].
Destitute- o:de:s (oh-denhs); [Lit. it poor].
-- Destitute- ode:ste'oh (oh-denhs-tayh!-onh); [Lit. its lives in poverty].

Destroyed - oiwenda1 oh (oh-eeh-wen-dawh!-onh).
Destructive- gaiwentwasho:h (gaw-eeh-wen-twah-shonh); [Lit. it ruins].
- Detail (word)- neyoiwaka:a (nayh-yo-eeh-wak-awh); [Lit. brief message].
-- Deteriorated - ogayosdoh {oh-gaw-yonhs-donh); [Lit. its become old].
Deteriorating""'" ogayosdo:je1 (oh-gaw-yonhs-donh-j'ayh!); [Lit. its becoming old].
Deterioration - wagayosta1 (waw-gaw-yonhs-tawh!); [Lit. its getting old].
--. Determination- tga1nigo:n (tgawh!-nee-gohn); [Lit. persistant mind].

Determined (he)- toi:waeh (toe-eeh-waw-aye); [Lit. he's insistant].
Detour - heyotwada:se:h (hay-yo-twah-daw-sayh); [Lit. it goes around].
-.
Detoxification - waja1dagehsos (wah-jawh!-daw-genh-sonhs); [Lit. its cleansing its
body].
Detoxify - e:woja'dagehsi' (anh-wonh-jawh!�daw-genh-seeh!); [Lit. it will cleanse
- its body].
- Develop- 0 wadado:ni (oh!-waw-daw-donh-neeh!); [Lit. it came about on its

own].
1 1
Devastation- agwas gaiwentweh (ah-gwas--guy-wen-twenh); [Lit. absolutely

destroyed].
Deviate- 01wada:go1 (oh!-waw-dah-goh!); [Lit. it went off the path].
Devil - ha'nigo:etge 1 (hawh!-nee-go-ayd-tgenh!); [Lit. his mind is evil].
Devil - shagoewata 1 (shawh-go-ayh-wah-tawh!); [Lit. the punisher].
Devil's dance - jihayah (jih-haw-yawh).
Devil's feather dance- jihayah (jih-haw-yawh).

Devil's Hole - Jonowonda:s Goe-nonh-won-daas); [Lit. whirlpool rapids there].

The Devil's Hole is described as sort of a bay, worn by the water into the cliff on
the right bank of the Niagara River, 4 miles below the falls, where in 17 63 the
British, on their way to take Fort Schlosser, were ambushed by the French and
Native allies and driven 'over the brink' of the 100' gorge.
Devout- degai:wahga:ne:1 (day-guy-wah-gaw-nayh!); [Lit. it looks only at the
word].
Dew- 0 1 a:ya 1 (oh!-aw-yawh!).
Dew - osa 1oh (oh-sah!-onh); [Lit.light dew] . old term
Dew (everywhere)- deyo 1a:yo:n (day-yoh!-awh-yon).
Dewberry- ogao 1 gwa 1 (oh-gaw-oh!-gawh!).
Dew eagle- oshada 1 gea 1 (ohs-haw-dawh!-gay-awh!); [Lit. it flies at the heights of
clouds]. the dew eagle is said to fly above the Tree of Peace as
protection of the people because of it ability to see great distances.
Dewy (be)-deyo 1a:ye 1 ( day-yoh!-awh-yenh!).
Diagonal- heyotsosgwa:d (day-yoh-chohs-gwad]; [Lit. to the comer].
Diagram- gaya 1da: 1 (gaw-yawh!-dawh!); [Lit. it's a drawing/picture].
Dialect - no1 gaweno 1de1 (nonh!-gaw-wen-noh!-denh!); [Lit. the type of
voice/language].
Diaper- ga 1syo:da:1 (gawh!-shoh-dah!).
Diarrhea - deyoja 1 dogota 1 (day-yoh-jawh!-donh-go-tawh!); [Lit. it goes down
through the body].
Diarrhea (I have) - dewagaja 1dogota 1 (day-waw-gaw-jawh!-donh-go-tawh!); [Lit.
it goes dowh through my body].
Dice - deyeye:dahgwa 1 (day-yay-yehn-daw-gawh!); [Lit. used for betting games].
Die- 0 1wadoiswe 1de 1 (oh!-waw-doh-ees-sweh!-denh!); [Lit. no breath left]. -
Died (he)- wa:e:1 (waw-ayh!).
Died (she)-wa 1ai:ye: 1 (wawh!-ah-eeh-yayh!).
Diet- negako 1de:h (nay-gaw-koh!-denh); [Lit. type of food].

Different- dewe:no: 1 (day-way-nonh!).

Different (became)- 0 1dweno 1het (oh!-dway-nonh!-hayt).
- Different (I am)- gya 1deno:' (gyawh!-day-nonh!).

Different (person)- tiyogwe'da:de 1 (tee-yonh-gweh!-daw-dayh!).
Difficult- sehgeh (senh-gayh); [Lit. barely able].
Difficult, be- gano:o' (gaw-noh-onh!); [Lit. hard to do].
Difficult (how) - negano:0 1 (nay-gaw-noh-onh!); [Lit. how hard it is].
Difficulty (with)- otgado:geh (oh!-tgaw-doh-genh); [Lit. it was a hard struggle].
Dig (you) - syado'gwa:d (shaw-doh!-gwawd).
Digging (I am)- gyado'gwa:s (gyaw-doh!-gwaws).
- Digging tool- gayado 1gwa:s (gaw-yaw-doh!-gwahs)

Digest- degadekwaid (denh-gaw-day-kwah-eed); [Lit. I will digest my food].
Digestion- deyodekwaidoh (day-yoh-day-kwaw-eeh-donh).
Dignity- odadogweh (oh-daw-donh-gway); [Lit. personal, respect for self].
Dignity - ojeno:ni:h (oh-jenh-noh-neeh); [Lit. respectful].
- Dilapidated - osgo1oh (ohs-goh!-onh); [Lit. ruined].
Diluted- sga:nego:oh (sgaw-nay-gonh); [Lit. added water/liquid to].
Dim- do,o:gent (doh!-oh-gent); [Lit. unclear).
Dimwitted - jo:dok (ioh-doak); [Lit. lacking].
Dime- washeh gwenis (waws-henh--gwen-nees); [Lit. 10 cents].
- Diminished - ho1 wa:sa:a 1 (hoh!-was-aah!). [Lit. entirely out, gone, used up].
Diminished (lessened in size) - ostwa 1oh (ohs-twah!-onh).
Dining table- yondehkwa:gwa' (yohn-day-kwah-gwah!); [Lit. where she places
the food].
Dip (you)- se:jen (say-jehn).
Dipped out (I)- ho1ge:jen (hoh!-gay-jehn).
.......
Dipped -gajehdoh (gaw-jenh-donh).
Dipper- yejehdahgwa 1 (yay-jenh-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used for dipping].
- Direction (to go)- hewe:' (henh-wayh!); [Lit. the way it will go].
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; . o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

ONONDOWA'GA:' GAWE:N0 1
Direction (it went) - heyawe:no:h (hay-yah-way-nonh); [Lit. the way it went].

Direction (in that)- heyotgo:dak (hay-yoh-gohn-dawk); [Lit. toward that way].
Direction ( in this)- nogko:gwa:h (nong-koh-gwah); [Lit. toward this way].
Directly, go - hehsegonda:je:d (henh-sayh-gohn-daw-jayd); [Lit. go straight to].
Director - godiwayendahgoh (goh-dee-wawh-yehn-dawh-gonh); [Lit. her
responsibility].
Direct towards - ho 1 gego:dak (hoh!-gay-gohn-dawk); [Lit. I went straight to ..].
Dirt (soil) - oehda 1 (oh-ayh-dawh!).
Dirty, become - wa 1 otgihe 1t (wahl-oh-tgeeh!-tayh!t); [Lit. it became dirty, soiled].
Dirty clothes basket-osdagwa: 1 yeahgwa 1 (ohs-daw-gwah!--yay-ah-gwah!); [Lit.
laundry--container].
Dirty house- onohsatgi (oh-nonh-saw-tgeeh!).
1
Dirty laundry- osdagwa:' (ohs-daw-gwah!).

Dirty looks - o:ga:tgi 1 s (oh-gaw-tgeeh!-s); [Lit. angry eyes].
Dis�bled - dejogwe:nyo:h (dayh!-joh-gway-nyonh); [Lit. no longer able to do].
Disagreement- otgaiwagai:deh (oh-tguy-waw-guy-denh); [Lit. talk goes off-
center].
Disallowed - do 1odioni1 (doh-oh-dee-onh-neeh!); [Lit. it could not happen].
Disappeared (it)- ho 1wahdo 1 (hoh!-wah-donh!); [Lit. it became lost].
Disappears - wahdo 1s (wah-donh!s); [Lit. it becomes lost]. -
Disappoint (to)- wo 1 ohsehde 1 (woh!-oh-senh-denh!); [Lit. causes sorrow].
Disappointed (I am) - dwaknigoe 1oh (dwa-knee-goh-enh!-onh); [Lit. my mind has
dropped].
Disarray, be in - deyo:doha:1 (day-yoh-doh-hawh!); [Lit. things out of place].
Disassociate- ho 1waja 1 dondago 1 (hoh!-waw-jawh!-dohn-daw-goh!); [Lit. it pulled
itself away from.. ].
Disaster- ho 1tgaye 1hid (ho-tgaw-yenh!-heed); [Lit. became a difficult time].
Disbanded- ho1tgejohgwa:it (hoh!-tgenh-joh-gwaw-eet); [Lit. group broke up].
Disbelieve- ke:nowehdoh (kay-noh-wenh-donh); [Lit. I didn't believe them] .
--
- Disbursed - wadiya 1ko: 1 (waw-dee-yawh!-konh!); [Lit.they portioned out].

- Discard (you -)- sashoh (saws-hoh); [Lit. you throw away].
- Discarded- wahjo:h (wah-jonh); [Lit. its thrown away].
Discharged- swatga'weh (swaw-tgah!-wenh); [Lit. its been let go].
Discipline (behavior)- gayesdani:h ne 1hohjisho1 (gaw-yenhs-daw-nee--nayh!
hoh-jees-honh!); [Lit. its been taught respectfulness].
Discipline (self) - o:jenoni:h (oh-jenh-nonh-neeh); [Lit. respectful].
Disclaimer - odohiyesdohsha 1 (oh-donh-hee-yenhs-donh-shah!); [Lit. making
- notice of claiming no credit].
- Disconnected- ho 1dwada 1hondago 1 (hoh!-dwah-dah!-hohn-daw-goh!).
Discontent- de 1 ga 1nigoeyo:h (dayh!-gawh!-nee-gon-anh-yoh); [Lit. feeling not of
-
- a good mind].
Discontinued- o:ni:he 1 (oh-nee-henh!); [Lit. it has stopped].
- Discounted (reduced)- wajesa 1 gesdoh (waw-jayh-sawh!-gays-donh); [Lit. its

been made easier].
Discouraged- dehgaihwaihda:ni:h (day-guy-waw-eeh-daw-neeh); [Lit. the
- words have been crushed].
Discovered- gashe:nyo:h (gaws-henh-nyonh); [Lit. found].
Discovery- 0 1 gaihwa:ho 1 (oh!-guy-waw-hoh!); [Lit. it clearly understood].
Discredit- wo 1ohsenoetget (woh!-oh-sen-noy-tgenh!-t); [Lit. it got a bad name].
- Discrepancy- ho 1dweno1het (hoh!-dway-nonh!-hayt); [Lit.there is a difference].

Discrepancies - aogaendo1 (ah-oh-guy-ehn-donh!); [Lit. holes in it].
Discussion- dega:ta:' (day-gaw-tawh!); [Lit. there's much talk].
Disease- ga:ha 1 (gaw-hah!).
Diseases- ga:ha 1sho 1oh (gaw-hah!-shonh!-onh).
-- Disease (harsh)- oha:tgi' (oh-hah-tgeeh!); [Lit. nasty illness, ugly disease].
Disgraced- honodeatdahgwa:nih (ho-non-day-ot-dawh-gwah-neeh); [Lit. it
brings them shame].
Disgusted (me) - ho 1 dwagadeseohgwas (hoh!-dwa-gaw-denh-senh-oh-gwas); [Lit.
.......
. Key: a as in ah; e as_ in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on
-
it offended me].
Disgusted (by it)- dewagadeseohgwahseh (day-waw-gaw-denh-seh-onh-gwawh-
sayh); [Lit. I am offended].
Disgusting - 0 1da: 1e:h (oh!-dah!ayh); [Lit. shameful, vulgar].
Dish - gahje 1 (gaw-jenh!).
Dish-cloth - yeksagoe:wata 1 (yayk-sah-go-ayh-waw-tawh!); [Lit. used for
wiping dishes].
Dish Bowl game- Gayendowa:neh (gaw-yen-doh-waw-nenh); [Lit. the big game].
The original dish bowl game was between Skyholder (the right-handed twin)
and his grandmother; she used 6 peach stones, he used 6 chickadee heads (self
donated).The pits were darkened on one side, a field of 1 color to score 5 points.
They each had 1 throw . When Skyholder took his tum the heads flew away,
singing, then they came back, landing into the bowl, all dark sides facing up, a
perfect score, indicating a win for him and all his creation.
Dish towel - yegsagoehwata 1 (yayg-sah-go-ayh-waw-tawh!); [Lit. used for wiping
dishes].
Dish-washers - hadiksowae 1hoh (haw-dik-soh-waw-ayh!-honh); [Lit. they wash
dishes].
Dish pan-yeksowae 1dahgwa 1 (yek-soh-wah-eh!-dawh-gawh!); [Lit. used to wash
dishes].
Dish WithOne Spoon - swadogwa 1sha:d (swaw-doe-gwaw!-sha:d); [Lit. one
spoon]. From the Great Law of Peace of the Hodinehso:ni', "there is to
be only one dish filled with beaver tail stew to be shared and to feed all", this
cultural metaphor means 'all of the Hodinohso:ni' have rights to hunt game that
roams the shared hunting lands'.
Dish With One Spoon Wampum - the wampum is a white field of 7 rows wide with
a symbol of the rounded dish in the center of the wampum belt. "This represents
all the Ogwe'oweh on the contintent. They have entered into one great league
and contract that they will all be one and have one heart, what belongs to one

ONONDOWA·GA:' GAWE:Nb·
will belong to all," Skanawadih (John Buck) 1888.

- Dishonest (he is)- detaihwayei 1 (dayh!-taw-eeh-waw-yay-eeh!).
Disintegrated- ho 1 gaihwe:dat (hoh!-guy-wenh-dawt); [Lit. it broke to pieces).
Disinterested - de 1 gaiwasdi:sta 1 (dayh!-guy-was-dees-tawh!); [Lit.pays no
attention].
Disinterred- gahsahdohgweh (daw-saw-donh-gwenh); [Lit. unburied].
Disker- degai:daihta 1 (dayh-guy-daw-eeh-tawh!); [Lit. it breaks up dirt].
Dislike- de 1ganoe 1s (dayh!-gaw-noh-ayh!-s).
Disobedience- de 1wato:da:s (dayh!-waw-tonh-daws); [Lit. doesn't mind].
Disown- ho•wada•sen (hoh!-waw-dawh!-sehn); [Lit. cast aside].
Dispatched- wadenyehdoh (wah-denh-nyah-donh); [Lit. sent on to].
Dispersed- wado:wi:h (waw-doh-weeh); [Lit. sent away].
Displacement - wenohgwahdoh wenh-nonh-gwah-donh); [Lit. made to move].
- Display - wadasgano 1doh (waw-daws-gaw-nonh!-donh); [Lit. shown off].

Display (flowers) ...,..odaweo:d (oh-daw-way-od).
Dispossessed- gahgweh (gawh-gwenh); [Lit. unstabilized through seizure].
Dispute- ho 1dwadi:wagi:s (hoh!-dwaw-dee-wah-gees); [Lit. the words met with
resistance].
Disqualify - gaya 1 dohdahdoh (gaw-yayh!-doh-dah-donh); [Lit. taken out].
- Disrespectful- do 1 ojeno:ni:h ( doh!.,.oh-jenh-nonh-neeh).

Disruptive- dega•nigaha:je•s (day-gawh!-nee-gaw-hah-jayh!-s); Lit. its being
bothersome to the mind].
Dissatisfied (it is) - do 10 1nigoehyo:h (doh!-oh!-nee-goh-enh-yoh); [Lit. its mind is
not happy].
Disseminated - ho 1dwadogwad (hoh!-dwah-_doh-gwad); [Lit. it passed around].
Dissipated - 0 1wahdo 1 (oh!-wah-donh!); [Lit. its lost].
Dissolved (issue)- degiewaihdoh (day-guy-waw-eeh-donh); [Lit. the words of the
""" matter have been cut up].
Dissolved (substance) - o:ge 1oh (oh-genh!-onh); [Lit. into the liquid].

Distance (ahead) - heniyo:we 1 (hay-nee-yoh-wayh!).

Distance (between) - no 1dewade1 (nonh!-day-waw-dayh!).
Distant - we:eh (way-enh); [Lit. far away].
Distressed (I am) - agadowe:doh (ah-gaw-dow-way-donh).
Distinct (cultural group) - dwaya 1de:no: 1 (dwa-yawh!-day-nonh!; [Lit. we are
different people], i.e. we are Ogwe'oweh (Real people).
Distinct traditions and customs - we:no: 1 nedwayeno 1deh (way-nonh!--nay-dwa
yenh-noh!-denh); [Lit. our ways of living and doing are different].
Distinct philosophy and beliefs - we:no: 1 neyogwaiyosdohsyo 1deh (way-nonh!
nay-yonh-gwa-eeh-yos-donh-shoh!-denh); [Lit. our fundamental belief system
and traditional governance being synonymous, is different].
Distinct language - we:no: 1 nedwaweno1de:h (way-nonh!--nay-dwaw-wenh-noh!-
denh); [Lit. our language reflects a different world-view].
Distributed - gaya 1ko 1 (gaw-yawh!-konh!); [Lit. portioned out].
Disturbed (I am) - agadowe:doh (ah-gaw-d(?h-way-donh).
Ditch - deyohda:dahgweh (day-yoh-daw-dah-gwenh).
Ditch (along road) - deyohda:dahgweo:je 1 (day-yoh-daw-dah-gwe-onh-jayh!).
Ditches - deyohda:dahgwao 1 (day-yoh-daw-dah-gwah-onh!).
Dive (you) - sahdo:h (sawh-doh).
Divide (math.) desya1 ko:h - day-shawk-konh); [Lit. cut into].
Divided - degaya 1 ko 1 (day-gaw-yawh!-konh!); [Lit.cut up].
Divided (2 equal parts) - deyo:we 1 (day-yoh-wenh!); [Lit. cut in half].
Divorce - deswadekahso:h (day-swa-day-kawh-sonh); [Lit. become divided].
--
Dizziness - oondenyohs (onh-day-nyonhs); [Lit. feels like its going around].
Doctor - hade:je 1s (haw-day-jenh!s); [Lit. he's a healer].
Doctors - henodeje 1s (henh-nonh-day-jenh!s); [Lit. they are healers].
Doctor's office - hadeje 1sgeh (haw-day-jenh!s-gayh); [Lit. at the doctors's place].
Dottle - oehsa 1 (oh-enh-sawh!); [Lit. unsmoked tobacco left in pipe].
Dog - jiyah (jee-yah).
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ii as in on -

117
- Dog-tooth violet {Bot.}- ogai 1sah (oh-guyh!-sawh).

- Dogwood- gahsi:sad (gaw-seeh-sawd).
- Do not do it - senoh (denh-nonh).
Doing okay - odio:ni:h (oh-dee-onh-neeh).
-- Doings- ade:sha1sh<>'i:ih (ah-denh-shah!-shonh!-onh); [Lit.for restricted societies].
-
.....
Doll - gaya1da1 (gaw-yawh!-dawh!).
Dollar- sga-wisda:d (sgaw-wees-dawd); [Lit. one dollar].
Domestic (animal) - gashe:ne1 (gaws-hay-nenh!); [Lit. in captivity].
Donation- degaya 1dowehdosha1 (day-gaw-yah!-doh-wayh-donhs-hah!); [Lit. a
..-,
considered contribution].
Done- gayenenda•oh (gaw-yehn-nen-dawh!-onh); [Lit. completed].
Donkey - dewaohde:s (day-wah-onh-days); [Lit. it has lorig ears].
Donut (twist)- dega1 hosdaga:dase: 1 (day-gawh!-honhs-daw-gah-daw-sayh!); [Lit.
twisted dough].
Doomsday - eswodoehjokde• (ehs-wonh-doh-enh-jok-denh!); [Lit. when the world
ends]. A Christian concept of evil cleansing.
Door - gahoa• (gaw-hoh-ah!).
Door (you close)-seho:doh (say-hoh-donh).
- Door (you open)- sehodo:goh (say-hoh-donh-goh).
Door opening - gahogaen (gaw-hoh-gaw-ehn).
Doorkeeper-hahoa:nosda:s (hah-hoh-ah-nonhs-daws); [Lit. he guards the door].
-
--.
Doorkeeper's dance - deye:si1dadias [Lit. they alternate their feet].
Doorway- degaho:d (day-gaw-hoad).
...... Doorway (near) - gahoakah (gaw-hoh-ak-ah).

Dot - ojahgwa:• (oh-jah-gawh!).
Double (to)- dewoja•se' (denh-wonh-jawh!-senh!); [Lit. 1 over the other].
Double-bit axe- dega1sgwihso:n (day-gawh!-sgwih-sohn).
Double boiler- dege•dowe•se:• (day-genh!-doh-wenh!-sayh!); [Lit. double bottom].
Double chin - deotso•hahgwe:ne:d (day-oh-shoh!-haw-gwenh-nayd).
-
Double minded - dega 1nigoe 1se:1 (dayh-gawhl-nee-gonh-enhl-sayhl).

Doubled- dewaja 1se: 1 (day-waw-jawhl-sayhl); [Lit.1 on top the other].
Double-wide trailor- deyonohka:gwenh (day-yoh-nonh-kah-gwenh); [Lit. two
parts of a dwelling together].
Doubter- dai:wagweniyo:sta 1 (daw-eeh-waw-gwenh-nee-yos-tawhl); [Lit. he
doesn't believe it].
Doubtful- adi 1 gwah-shoh (ah-deehl-gwah-shonh); [Lit. questionable].
Dough- oshe1a1 (ohs-hayhl-ahl).
Dough making bowl - yeshe 1awenya 1ta 1 (yays-yayhl-ah-wenh-nyawhl-yawhl).
Dove- jahgowa: 1 (jah-goh-wawh!).
Down hill - onondasdehdoh (oh-nohn-daws-denh-donh).
Down pour - dagasdaen (daw-gaws-daw-ehn); [Lit. the rain pours down].
Down stream- odihehdoh (oh-deeh-heh-donh).
Down stream (I will go)- e:gadi:hen (enh-gaw-deeh-hen).
Downward- e�da 1ge:gwah (ayh-dawh!-gay-gwah).
Drafty - jo:d (joh-od); [Lit. a coolness there].
Drag (farm tool) - de:gaehda:wenyeh (day-guy-daw-wenh-nyayh); [Lit. it mixes
up the soil].
Dragging - ga 1se 1 (gawh!-sayh!); [Lit. its dragging it].
Dragging past- wade1se 1 (waw-dayh!-sayh!); [Lit. its being dragged on by].
Dragging tail - wahno 1tsi 1se 1 (wah-nonh!-cheehl-sayh!). Dogs do this.
Dragon fly- jona 1aesdo:wa: 1 (joh-nawh!-ah-ees-doh-wawh!).
-
Drained (liquid) - onegitge 1oh (oh-nay-gee-tgenh-onh); [Lit. water's draining out].
Draped over- yoda:hoh (yoh-daw-honh).
Draw (you) - sya 1 da:eh (shawh!-daw-enh).
Drawing (she is) - yeya 1 deo:nyoh (yay-yawh!-denh-onh-nyonh).
Dreading- we 1nigoe:ye:do:s {wenh!-nee-gonh-enh-yenh-donhs); [Lit. its mind is
swaying].
Dress - aja 1dawi 1sha1 (ah-jawhl-daw-weehl-shah!).

- Dress (you)- saja 1 dawit (saw-jawh!-daw-weet); [Lit. you put on the dress].
- Dressed (I am fully -) - agatsehsa 1oh (ah-gaw-dayh-sawh!-onh); [Lit. I'm ready].

Dredging (flouring) - gate 1syohga:h (gaw-tayh!-shoh-gawh); [Lit. flour put on it].
-- Dream - oisehda 1 (oh-enh-senh-dawh!).
Dream (bad) - oisehda:tgi (oh-enh-saw-daw-tgeeh!).
-- 1
Dream (devining) - waowowenisa:g (waw-onh-wonh-wenh-neeh-sawg); [Lit.
- searching for the words about the dream].

Dream (in the ) - gaehsehda:goh (guy-senh-daw-gonh).
Dream (nightmare) - dawage:geot (daw-waw-gay-geh-ont); [Lit. I had a
- nightmare].
Dream guessing- yeisehdihsa:s (yay-enh-senh-deeh-saws); [Lit. she's searching
- through the dream].
Dreaming (he is) - hojano 1syoh (hoh-jaw-nonh!-shonh).
- Dreams (I had) - ogajano 1syo: 1 (onh-gaw-jaw-nonh!-shonh!).
-- Dresser (fumiture)-yohsyonyasoda:gwa 1 (yonh-syonh-nyah-sonh-dah-gwah!).

Dried (jerky) - ga 1wate 1doh (gawh!-waw-tayh!donh).
Dried - gaha 1doh (gaw-hah!-donh).
-- Drifted (it) - wo 1 oe 1go 1 (who!-oh-enh!-goh!).
.... Drill-yogaenta 1 (yoh-guy-ehn-tawh!); [Lit. it makes holes].
- Drink (you)- snege:ah (snay-gay-ah).

Drinker -hanegeha 1 (haw-nay-gay-hawh!); [Lit. he's an (alcohol) drinker].
- Drinker (heavy) -hanegaga 1wasta 1 (haw-nay-gaw-gah!-was-tawh!).

Drinking- ganege:ha 1 (gaw-nay-gay-hah!); [Lit. it is drinking). Birds, animals, etc.
- Dripping-yo:kas (yoh-kaws).
Drive (you)- sado:wih (saw-doh-weeh).
Driven (away)- wado:wi:h (wah-doh-wee-h); [Lit. it was driven away].
Driven (they were- away) - howenondo:wi:h (honh-weh-non-doh-wee-h).
Driver (he)- hado:wis (haw-doh-wees); [Lit. he drives .. ].
- Drizzling - 0 1ayo:jo:h (oh!-ah-yoh-jonh).
- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o_ as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Duration (as long as) - no 1onishet (noh!-oh-nees-hayt).

During - no•we: 1 (nonh!-wayh!).
Dusk - dewadahsondais (day-waw-daw-sonh-daw-ees); [Lit. becoming dark].
Dust pan- 0 1ge: 1 degahgwa• (oh!-genh!--day-gawh-gwah!); [Lit. picks up dirt].
Dusty- deyo 1geo:go:h (day-yoh!-ganh-onh-goh).
Duties - odiwade:nyo• (oh-dee-waw-day-nyonh!); [Lit. matters to tend to].
Dwarfs - jogeo: 1 (joh-genh-onh!); [Lit. little people].
Dwelling - ganogesha• (gaw-nonh-gays-hah!); [Lit. the site where one lives].
Dwelling (our place)- dwano:ge• (dwa-nonh-gayh!).
Dwelling (places)-hadinoge:nyo 1 (haw-dee-nonh-gay-nyong); [Lit. they used
to live in these places].
Dyed- wahso:oh (wah-soh-onh); [Lit. it was colored].
Dying (off)- heno•we:da•s (henh-nonh!-wenh-dawh!s); [Lit. they are dying].
E
Ee - 2nd vowel of the Seneca Alphabet; pronounced as . e, as in they
Ee- 2nd vowel (with umlats) pronounced as e, as in end
Each - sgahsho' (gawh-shonh!); [Lit. one per person].
Each one - sniya1dasho1 (snee-yah!-daws-honh!); [Lit. one at a time for you both].
Eagle (bald)- jonyoda:h (joh-nyonh-dawh).
Eagle (dew) - oshada•gea1 (os-haw-daw!-gay-awh!); [Lit. flies at the heights of
clouds].
Eagle (red) - ja1 gwi:yoh (jah!-gwee-yoh).
Eagle dance- gane 1 gwa:e:• (gaw-nayh!-gwah!-ayh!).
Eagle dance fan- gane•a 1 (gah-neh!-ah!); [Lit. a feather stick].
Eagle dance pole - gaye1ehta 1 (gaw-yenh!-enh-tawh!).
Eagle dance striking stick- yene•gwa:esta' ga•hnya1 (yay-nayh!-gwah-ays-tah!-
gawh!-nyawh!); [Lit. Eagle dance stricking -- stick]
Ear ache- o:ohdaga:s (oh-onh-daw-gaws).
Ear wax - osowa•da• (oh-soh-wawh!-dawh!).

- ONONDOWA·GA:' GAWE:NO'
Ear (Anat.)- o:ohda 1 (oh-onh-dawh!).

,-.. Early - gwendahje 1 (gwen-daw-jayh!).
- Early AM - sedehja:h (say-day-jawh).
-- Early Childhood Center- Hadiksa1 sho 1oh Henodeyesdahgwa 1 (haw-deek-sawh!-
shoh!-onh--henh-non-day-yenhs-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. children learn there].
Early corn pudding- ganeotedo1 ojisgwa 1 (gaw-nenh-onh-tayh!-donh--oh-j ees
gwah!); [Lit. mashed green corn mush].
-- Early bread- ganeote 1doh (gaw-nay-oh-tayh!-donh); [Lit. pounded corn cakes].

Early risers - hadiye:wa:d (haw-dee-yay-wawd); [Lit. they get up early].
Earring- a 1washa:1 (awh!-was-hah!); [Lit. hoops].
Ears (ringing)- oohdaga:h (o-onh-daw-gaw-h).
Earth songs -yoeja 1ge:ka:1 gae:001 (yonh-enh-jawh!-gay-kawh!--gah-enh-nonh!);
[Lit. earth -- songs] These are the social dance songs; robin, rabbit, etc ...
Earth - yo:ehja 1geh (yoh-enh-jawh!-gayh); [Lit. on the earth].
Earth - Etino 1enh (aye-tee-noh!-enh); [Lit. our mother]. In the
Gano:nyoh (Thanks Giving Address), a section refers to the earth as our Mother
to whom we give thanks as she continues to provide for our comfort and well
- being for as long as we walk about the earth.
Earth quake- wo 1oenjo:nda:t (who!-oh-enh-john-dawt); [Lit. the earth shook].
Earth worm- 0 1nowehda 1 (oh!-noh-wayh-dawh!).
Ear with husk - owe 1 da 1 (oh-wenh!-dawh!).
Ear without husk- 0 1nisda 1 (oh!-nees-dawh!).
Eased up - dejotso 1 desdoh (day-joh-choh!-danhs-donh), [Lit. it has let up].
Eased up (I have -) - dedwagatso 1desdoh (day-dwa-gaw-choh!-danhs-donh).
East Randolph, NY -Jogeo 1jiyo:h (ioh-gay-oh!-jee-yoh); [Lit. nice grass there].
- East- tgatgwitge 1sgwa:h (tgah-tgweed-tgenh!-sgwah); [Lit. toward the rising sun].
Easy labor - wa 1agojesa 1gesde 1 (wah!-ah-go-jay-sawh!-gays-denh!); [Lit. easy for
her].
Easy- wajesa 1geh (waw-jay-sawh!-gayh).
......
-
Easy- sgeniVii:sho 1 (sgenh-nonh!-onh-shonh); [Lit. go carefully] Ironworker's term.

Eat (you)- sadeko:nih (saw-day-konh-neeh).
Eating (you are)- sadeko:ni:h (saw-day-konh-nee-h).
Eatened (I've eaten all on my plate)- ho 1gehsa 1ho: 1 {hoh!-gayh-sawh!-honh!).
Eatened (I have) - agekwehda 1 oh (ah-gay-kwenh-dawh!-onh); [Lit. done eating].
Eavedropped (on them) - wowodiwanosgo 1 (wonh-wonh-dee-waw-nohs-goh!);
[Lit their words were stolen].
Eavesdropping- gai:wanohsgwe' (guy-waw-nohs-gwenh!); [Lit. stolen words].
Eavesdropping (I am) - giwanohsgwaoh (gee-waw-nohs-gwah-onh); [Lit. I am
stealing words].
Eclipse- 0 1gahgwahdo 1 (oh!-gah-gwah-donh!); [Lit. a lost moon].
Echo - oweniVis (oh-wenh-nonh!-ees); [Lit. the sound hits].
Echoing- owen<Visda:noh (oh-wenh-nonh!-ees-daw-nonh); [Lit. the sound hits
back and forth].
Ecological time- johehgoh (john-hayh-gonh); [Lit. keepers of our life]. Cultural
Tip: marked by an annual cycle of rituals of giving thanks for natural and
agricultural phenomenons. By connecting to these cycles, the Hodinohso:ni' also
connect to those countless generations who walked this land before us.
Eden, NY- Detgano ga:e 1 (dayt-gaw-noh!-gah-ayh!); [Lit. horns hanging there].
1
Edge- deyohso:d (day-yoh-soad); [Lit. raised edge].

Edge(at the)- wa:a 1geh (waw-ah!-gayh).
Edges- wakdaje 1 sho1 (wawk-daw-jayh!-shonh!).
Editor- daisdowa:s (dah-ees-doh-wahs); [Lit. he airs the news].
Eel- goda:noh (gonh-daw-nonh).
Egg white - gage:n (gaw-gehn); [Lit. white].
Egg yolk-ojitgwa:e 1 (oh-jeet-gwah-enh!); [Lit. yellow].
Egg - 0 hohsa 1 (oh!-honh-sawh!).
1
Eight (8)- degyo' (day-gyonh!).

Eight hundred (800) - degyo 1 newe 1nya 1e: (day-gyonh!--nay-wenh!-nyah!-ayh).
·-
[Lit. 8 strikes of the finger].

Eight thousand (8000)-degyo' negaoshage:h (day-gyonh!-nay-gaw-onh-shah-
gay); [Lit. eight cases, each holding a thousand items].
Eighteen (18) - degyo'sgae' (day-gyonh!-sgaw-ayh!); [Lit. base 10 + 8]
Eighth (8th) - degyo' wado:ta' (day-gyonh!--waw-donh!-tawh!).
- Eighty (80) - degyo' newasheh (day-gyonh!--nay-waws-henh); [Lit. base 10 x 8]
- Elbow (Anat)- onyosda' (oh-nyoh-stawh!).

Elder (he) - hagehjih (haw-genh-jeeh); [Lit. he sees far and clearly].
Elder (she)- yegehjih (yay-genh-jeeh); [Lit. she sees far and clearly].
-
.....
Elders- hadigehjih (haw-dee-genh-jeeh); [Lit. they see far and clearly].
{Interpretation: Elder's ability to see far and clearly stems from their years of
experience, actual and observed, the ways of people and nature, and life's
consequences, immediate and far reaching}.
- Elecampane - gawe'ohsonta' (gaw-wenh!-onh-sonh-tawh!). {medicine plant}

Electrician- heweda:s (henh-wenh-daws); [Lit. he puts up wires].
Electricity - gaye'gyohgwa' (gaw-yenh!-gyonh-gwawh!), [Lit. like lightning].
-- Electrocuted- ho 1 gaye'gyo: 1 (wo:ye'gyo:'); [Lit. its struck by lightening].
Electrocution - wowoye'gyohgwe' (wonh-wonh-yenh!-gyonh-gwenh!); [Lit. they
struck him with lightning].
Elephant- gago:swe:s (gaw-gonhs-ways); [Lit. it has a long snout].
...... Elevator (hay) - ga'eohdawe:s (gawh!-ay-oh-dawh-wenhs); [Lit.takes the hay up].
- Eleven (11) - washeh-sgae' (waws-henh-sgaw-ayh!); [Lit. base 10 + 1 on top].

Eleven Acres , Catt. Terr.- Sga:sgae' neganohgesha:ge:h (sgaw-sgah-ayh!--nay-
gaw-nong-gays-hah-gay)
.....
Elk - jonoe'da' (joh-nonh-enh!-dawh!).
Ellicottville, NY- Hadiashedasgwa'geh (haw-dee-ah-shenh-dawh-gwah!-gayh);
[Lit. they held court there].
Elm (Amer.)- gaoga: 1 (gaw-onh-gaah!).
Elm (great)- gaoga:'gowa:h (gaw-onh-gaah!-goh-wawh).
-
--
Elmwood- skaheneh (sgawh-henh-nayh).

Elm (slippery)- o:sga' (ohs-gah!).
Elves- jogeo' (ioh-genh-onh!).
Emanciated-ho'waja'dasa:' (hoh!-wah-jawh!-daws-awh!); [Lit. body is gone],
this implys the skeleton remains though the flesh (body) is gone.
Embarrassed - odee'oh (oh-day-enh!-onh); [Lit. it feels shame].
Embarrassment:.... ode:at (oh-day-awt); [Lit. its shameful].
Ember- oji:sda' (oh-jees-dawh!); [Lit. a light].
Embryo - oji,do' (oh-jeeh!-doh!); [Lit. the start of an embryo].
Emcee- taiyowa:nenta' (taw-eeh-yoh-waw-nen-tawh!); [Lit. he announces].
Emerged (from ground)- deyoejotga 1weh (day-yoh-enh-jot-gawh!-wenh).
Emerged (from water)- dawahdo:go' (daw-waw-doh-goh!).
Employee - gaha,sha' (gaw-hah!-shah!); [Lit. hired help].
Employees - hadiha'sha' (haw-dee-hah!-shah); they are hired helpers].
Employer- hade:ho's (haw-denh-honh!s); [Lit. he asks for help].
Employers - henode:ho's (henh-nonh-denh-honh!s); [Lit. they ask for help].
Empty- de'sga:' (dayh!-sgawh!); [Lit. nothing in there].
Empty bottle - oshe'dosga' (ohs-hayh!-dohs-gawh!-ah); [Lit. bottle by itself].
Enamel ware- gaksohga:h (gawk-soh-gawh); [Lit. something's put on it].
Encouraging word-ja:goh (iaw-gonh); [Lit. 'be strong', 'keep going', etc...].
Encouragement - gae:jeonyo' (gaw-enh-jeh-onh-nyonh!).
End (of)- o:dok (oh-doak).
End of bench- otsiga:yok (oh-cheeh!-gaw-yok).
-
'
End of day- o'wenishe:dat (oh!-wenh-nees henh-dawt).

End of season - ogosdoh ( oh-gonhs-donh).
End of world - e'wodoehjokde' (enh-wonh-doh-enh-jok-denh!).
Ended- o'wadokde' (oh!-waw-dok-denh!).
Ended (completed)- ho'gayene:dat (hoh!gaw-yen-nenh-dawt).
Ended (event) - ho'wadahgwi' (hoh!-waw-dawh-gweeh!).
-
-
127
- Enemies -do:nodogehdoh (doh-nonh-doh-genh-donh); [Lit. opposing force].

English language - Ganyo 1 oka:1 gawe:no' (gaw-nyoh!-onh-kawh!--gaw-wenh-
nonh!); [Lit. white type -- voice].
En mass - genjohgowa:neh (genh-joh-goh-waw-nenh); [Lit. huge group].
Enlarged- ogowahe 1oh (oh-goh-waw-hayh!-onh); [Lit. become bigger].
Enlargement - ho 1gowahe 1t (hoh!-goh-wah-hayt); [Lit. it became bigger].
Enough- ha 1degaye:i 1 (hawh!-day-gaw-yay-eeh!).
Enough (I had-food)- o:gado:1 (onh-gaw-donh!); [Lit. I have had plenty].
Enter (you)- dahjoh (daw-jonh); [Lit._ come in].
Entered (she)- daye:yo 1 (daw-yay-yonh!); [Lit. she came in].
Entered (he)- da:yo 1 (daw-yonh!); [Lit. he came in]:
Entered (they)- dadi:yo 1 (daw-dee-yonh!); [Lit. they came in].
- Entered (word)- gai:winyo 1doh (guy-wee-nyonh!-donh); [Lit. issue is submitted].

Entered (into)- 0 1wadonda:h (oh!-waw-donh-dawh); [Lit. became established].
Entertainer - hajano 1ta 1 (haw-jaw-nonh!-tawh!); [Lit. he acts].
Entertaining- deyo1 nigoewe:nyat (day-yoh!-nee-gonh-enh-wenh-nyat); [Lit. it
amuses the mind].
Entirely (general)- heyogwe:goh (hay-yoh-gway-gonh); [Lit. all of it].
Entirety (word)- oiwahgwe:goh (oh-eeh-wah-gway-gonh); [Lit. the whole matter].
Envious- 0 1 nosha1oh (oh!-nohs-hah!-onh); [Lit. jealous].
Epidemic (sicknesses)- ganohsodai:ye 1s (gaw-nonh-soh-daw-eeh-yayh!s).
Epilepsy- 0 1 noehtsa 1s (oh!-noy-chawh!s).
Epsom salts - ohse:1 (oh-senh-enh!).
Equal -tsa 1deyo 1de:h (chawh!-day-yoh!-denh).
Equality - sha 1 degade 1 (shawh!-day-gaw-dayh!); [Lit. all at one level].
Eraser -wahdo 1ta 1 (wah-donh-tawh!); [Lit. it rubs it out of sight].
Escape (did) - 0 1ga 1 nyage 1t (oh!-gawh!-nyah-genh!-t).
Escaped (has) - 0 1 nyage 1 oh (oh!-nyah-genh!-onh).
Escaped (again) - saga 1 nyagent (saw-gawh!-nyaw-gent).
-.. Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; ii as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Escapes - ga'nya:ge's (gawh!-nyaw-genh!-s); [Lit. it gets away].

Escort (me) - dasgegahda:je:h (daws-gay-gawh-dawh-jayh); [Lit. watch over me].
Escort - hagahdahje' (haw-gawh-daw-jayh!); [Lit. he's watching over someone].
Escorting - hagahdahje's (haw-gawh-dawh-jayh!-s); [Lit.he watches over
someone].
Esophagus (Anat.) - onya 1 da' (oh-nyah!-dawh!).
Established (word) - gaiwihsa 1oh (guy-weeh-sawh!-onh).
Estimate - gagahsyo:ni:h (gaw-gah-shonh-neeh); [Lit. cost is determined].
Estimator - hagadogesta, (haw-gah-doh-genhs-tawh!); [Lit. determines cost].
Evaluator (he) - deaya 1doweta' (day-ah-yayh!-doh-way-tawh!); [Lit. he considers].
-
Evaporated - osdesdoh (ohs-days-donh); [Lit. it has dried up].
Evaporating - wasdesta' (waws-days-tawh!); [Lit. its drying].
Evaporate (will) - e:wosdes (enh-wonhs-days).
Evening- o'ga:sah (oh!-gahs-ah); [Lit. close to night time].
Event - neyoje:eh (nay_-yoh-jay-enh); [Lit. a happening].
Events - neyawe1syo' (nay-yaw-wenh!-shonh!); [Lit. happenings].
Eventually- ta 1ge:oh (tawh!-genh-onh); [Lit. in due time].
Every time- ha 1dewage:eh (hawh!-day-wah-gay-enh).
Everything- ha 1deyoi:we:h (hawh!-day-yoh-eeh-wenh); [Lit. all that's said].
Everywhere- tigagwe:goh (tee-gaw-gway-gonh).
Evict - sya 1di:tgeh (shawh!deet-genh); [Lit. you put it out from its place]. 'throw it
out'.
Evicted - wowoya 1ditgeh (wonh-wonh-yawh!-deet-genh); [Lit. they put him out
from his place];
Evicted (again) - sayokiya 1 ditgeh (saw-yonh-kee-yawh!-deet-genh); [Lit. they
put us out again].
Evidence -odiwa:joehgoh (oh-dee-wah-joh-ayh-gonh); [Lit. details have been
accumulated].
Evil - gaiwane'aksha' (guy-waw-nayh!-awk-shah!); [Lit. a disposition outside of

-
-
.......
righteousness].
Evil power- oihwane1agoh (oh-eeh-waw-nayh!-ah-gonh); [Lit.it goes outside
righteousness] .
Exactly- ne 1 -agwas (nayh!-ah-gwaws). { C-P}
Exaggerated (he) - ho 1taihwaisda 1no1 (hoh!-taw-eeh.:waw-ees-daw-nonh!); [Lit. he
moved his words out beyond what is].
Examined (considered)- degaya 1 dowehdoh (day-gaw-yayh!-doh-wayh-donh);
[Lit. it has been thought about].
Examined (by doctor)- wakdonyo:' (wawk-donh-nyonh!); [Lit. he checked here
..... and there].
- Examined (I)- ho 1ge:ge:do: 1 ( hoh!-gay-genh-donh!); [Lit. I looked at closely].
- Examines (he)- ha:ge:do:1 (haw-genh-donh!); [Lit. he looks closely].
Excavated- gayado:ni:h (gaw-yaw-donh-neeh); [Lit. hollowed out] .
....... Excessive - deyode 1saisdoh (day-yoh-dayh!-saw-ees-donh).
Exchange (I will) -degadado' (denh-gaw-daw-donh!).
..... Exchanged - dewadado1 (day-waw-daw-donh!); [Lit. its been traded] .
- Exchanging (she is) - deyendado:' (day-yonh-daw-donh!); [she trades].
Execution- ga:nyo:h (gaw-nyoh); [Lit. killed].
Exert (yourself)- dasade,ha:sdo:h (daw-saw-dayh!-haws-donh).
Exertion - dwade'hasdo1 (daw-dayh!-haws-donh!); [Lit. used much strength].
Exercised (I)- ho'tgahsha:nye: 1 (hoh!-tgah-shah-nyayh!); [Lit. I limbered up].
Exercise (going to go)- degasha:nye'ha 1 (denh-gahs-hah-nyayh!-hah!).
Exercising (they are)- denosha:nyeh (denh-nonh-shah-nyayh!); [Lit. limber up].
-- Exfoliate- o:jenda: 1 (oh-jen-daah!).
Exhale (you will)- e:sado:ishen (enh-saw-doo-ees-hen); [Lit. you will make you
breath go out].
Expecting (I will be -)- egehe:ak (enh-gay-hay-awk); [Lit. I will be in hope of...].
Expecting (you are -)- sehe:je' (say-hay-jayh!); [Lit.looking forwaed to .. ].
Expensive- gano:0 1 (gaw-nooh!).
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; 1i as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Expensive (they found it to too expensive) - wodino:0 1he 1s (who-dee-nooh !

hayh!s].
-
Experience (my) -newagya 1 dawe 1 oh (nay-waw-gyah!-daw-wenh!-onh); [Lit. it
happened to me].
Expressions - negaweno 1de:h (nay-gaw-wenh-noh!-denh); [Lit. a type of
language].
Extent - hega:de1 (hay-gaw-dayh!); [Lit. at a certain level].
Extended - we:eh hega:de 1 (way-enh--hay-gaw-dayh!).
-
Extinct - oi:wahdo 1 oh (oh-eeh-wah-donh!-onh); [Lit. no longer exists].
Extinct (becoming) - oiwahdo 10:je 1 (oh-eeh-wah-donh!-onh-jayh!).
Extinct (destined to become) - dentoje:to:je 1 (denh-toh-jenh-tonh-jayh!); [Lit. he
will be pulling things back]. This refers to the traditional belief that the Creator
will be recalling species of bird, animal, plant life.
Explosives - dewada 1negeos (day-wah-dah!-nay-genh-onhs).
Extremely - agwas oweh (aw-gwas-onh-wayh); [Lit. absolutely].
Eye lash (Anat.)- ogaehda 1 (oh-gaw-eyh-dawh!).
Eye strain (I have)- dewagega:ge:yoh (day-waw-gay-gaw-gay-yonh).
Eye (Anat.)- oga:a' (oh-gaw-ah!).
Eye brow (Anat.)- ogahgwaohsa1 (oh-gah-gwaw-onh-sawh!).
Eye (crust) - deyone 1gyo 1 (day-yoh-nayh!-gyoh!).
Eye (foreign body) - ogahdahgweh (oh-gah-dah-gwenh); [Lit. something has
entered the eye).
Eye lid (Anat.)- ogahgwi 1a 1 (oh-gah-gweeh!-ah!).
Eyes (bulging) - deyogao 1gwao 1 (day-yoh-gaw-oh!-gwa-onh!).
F
Fabric softener - gao 1desta 1 (gaw-oh!-denhs-tawh!); [Lit. it makes it soft].
Face (Anat.) - ogohsa 1 (oh-gonh-sawh!).
Face-paint - yontgo 1 johga:ta 1 (yonh-tgonh-joh-gaw-tawh!).
Faces (appearing) - dadigohsoda:je 1 (daw-deeh-gonh-soh-daw:jayh!); [Lit. faces of

131
- babies continually rising from the earth] Metaphor for continued birth.
-
-..
Facial makeup- yontgohsohga:ta' (yonh-tonh-soh-gaw-tawh!).
Facing incarceration (they are)- howodihodosgeh deo:di:gane:' (honh-wonh
dee-hoh-donhs-gayh--day-oh-dee-gaw-nayh!); [Lit. place where they lock them
in is looking at them].
Factual (word) - gaiwahgweniyo' (guy-wah-gwenh-nee-yoh!).
- Faded - ho,wahdo't (hoh!-wah-donh!-t).

Faded color - odahsogweh (oh-dah-soh-gwenh).
Failed- do•odio:ni:' (doh!-oh-dee-onh-neeh!).
Failed attempt (my) - agahdagwa'oh (ah-gawh-dawh-gwawh!-onh).
Failing- da'awadio:ni' (dawh!-ah-waw-dee-onh-neeh!); [Lit. it can't happen].
Failing health (he's in)- hogai:da:di:h (hoh-guy-daw-deeh); [Lit. his illness is
leaning him toward the downward side].
Failing health (she's in)- gogai:da:di:h (goh-guy-daw-deeh); [Lit. her illness is
- leaning her toward the downward side].
Fails (to do)- ohda:gwas (oh-dawh-gwahs); [Lit. just can't do it].
- Fainted (she) - wa'ago'nigoehdo' (wah!-ah-goh!-nee-gonh-enh-donh!].
- Fair weather- ogwasdoh (oh-gwas donh).

Faith keepers -honondio:n (hoh-non-dee-ohn).
Faith keepers (head ones) - oedosho' (oh-enh-donhs-honh!).
Faith keepers (wampum keepers) - honodi:wage:o' (hoh-nohn-dee-waw-gay-onh!).
Fall (autumn) - ge'okneh (genh!-onk-nayh).
Fallen (he has) - hoya'jene'oh (hoh-yawh!-jay-nenh!-onh).
Falling star- gajihso'do:je' (gaw-jeeh-sonh!-donh-jayh!).
Fallopian tube (Anat)- [unknown]
- False- de'ne:' (dayh!-nayh!); [Lit. not that].

False face - gagohsa' (gaw-gonh sawh!).
False face mush - ojisgwa' (oh-jees-gwah!). Samp, a mush made from toasted
ground white corn, sweetened with maple sugar.

Familiar - oyede1oh (oh-yen-dayh!-onh); [Lit. its used to it].

Family (extended)- ga:waji:ya' (gaw-waw-jeeh-yah!).
Family (his immediate) - ha:waji:ya' (haw-waw-jeeh-yah!).
Family line - daga:waji:yada:je' (gaw-gaw-waw-jeeh-yah-daw-jayh!).
Fan- yo:da:wa:gta, (yonh-dah-wawg-tawh!); [Lit. used to fan yourself with].
Fanned (she - it) - wo 10:wa:g (wonh!-onh-wawg).
Fanning (herself) - godawa:goh (goh-dah-waw-gonh); [Lit. she's fanning herself].
Far -we:eh (way-enh).
Farewell party- waowo:dio:wo:go' (wonh-wonh-dee-onh-wonh-goh!); [Lit. boat
send off]. This term comes from our early travel by canoe. This term is still
used, especially at the close of the annual Six Nations 'doings' when a social
dance is held as the "boat send off" by the host longhouse.
Farmer- hayento 1geo:no 1 (haw-yen-tonh!-gay-oh-nonh!); [Lit. he's a planter type].
Farmers - hadiyento•geono• (haw-dee-yen-tonh!-gay-oh-nonh!); [Lit. they are of
the planter type].
Farnham, NY -Tgaji•ehdo• (tgaw-jeeh!-ayh-doh!); [Lit. crabs in water there].
Fastened - deganohso:n (day-gaw-nonh-sohn); [Lit. of 2 connected].
Fastened - deganohso:ndo• (day-gaw-nonh-sohn-donh!); [Lit. connections].
Fast runner (he)- hayano:we• (haw-yaw-noh-wayh!).
Fast runner (she) - yeyano:we1 (yay-yaw-noh-wayh!).
Fast- o•ha:sde• (oh!-haws-dayh!).
Fast dance- ganonya:sno:we• (gaw-noh-nyah-snow-wayh!); [Lit. quick steps].
Fast talker (he)- hawenosno:we1 (haw-wenh-nohs--snow-wayh!); [Lit. fast words].
Fatal (to him) - honogeoh (hoh-noh-genh-onh).
Fat back- o•do:sa• (oh!-donh-sah!).
Fat- 0 1do:sa 1 (oh!-donh-sah!).
Fate- oda•swa• (oh-dah!-swawh!); [Lit. happenstance].
Father and son/daughter - yadatawag (yaw-daw-taw-wawg).
Father (my) - ha 1nih (hawh!-neeh).

- ONONDOWA GA: 1 1
GAWE:NO'
133
- Father (your) - ya 1 nih (yawh!-neeh).

Father (our) - she:dwa 1 nih ( shay-dawh!-neeh).
..... Father (sons') - hodi 1 nih (hoh-deeh!-neeh).
Father (daughters') - howo 1nih (honh-wonh!:-neeh).
Father-in-law(of new son or daughter) - yadahnehohs (yaw-dawh-nayh-honhs).
.......
Father's clan- agadoni:ono 1 (ah-gaw-donh-neeh-oh-nonh!); [Lit. people who
engendered me].
Father's (daughter) -shagoawak (shaw-goh-ah-wawk).
Father 1s (son) - ho:awak (how-ah-wawk).
......
Father's (children) - hagowogsho 1 (haw-gonh-wong-shonh!)
- Fatigued- oya 1da:ge:yo:h (oh-yawh!-daw-gay-yonh); [Lit. it feels wilted].
- Favor- degaya 1dowehdohsha 1 (day-gaw-yayh!-doh-wayh-donhs-hah!); [Lit. a
consideration].
Favorable (ref. to weather) - ogwasdoh (oh-gwas-donh).
- Fearful - ohjo 1s (oh-jonh!-s); [Lit. it fears for..].

Feast (10 day) - saeno:jeahko: 1 (saw-enh-nonh-jay-ah-konh!); [Lit. a feast to mark
- the ten days after burial, or the ten days after death, depends on community].
Feast -wajeahko 1 (wah-jah-konh!); [Lit. foods brought together].
Feast bundle ( their) - waenondahdahgwahde 1 (waw-enh-nonh-dawh-dawh-gwaw-
- denh!); [Lit. a gift for their help and/or a token to bring closure].
Feast food- a:jeahko:sha (ah-jay-ah-konhs-hah!); [Lit. gathering of food].
1
Feast of the dead- ohgi:we:h (oh-geeh-way). { annual event}

- Feather- oa 1da 1 (oh-ah!-dawh!).
Feather Dance- osdowa 1go:wa:h (ohs-doh-wah!-goh-wawh).
Feather Dance,Great - ganonyowa:neh (gaw-nonh-nyoh-waw-nenh).
Feather stick- gane1a1 (gaw-nayh!-ah!); [Lit. eagle dance fan].
Feather-wearers- hodisdowa:e1 (hoh-dees doh-wah-eyh!); [Lit. name given to
- traditional Senecas by Christian Senecas favoring the change from the

traditional governance via Great Law to the elective-system during the mid
.......
- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; ii as in at; e as ·in end; ii as in on

1800's].
Feathering - ga: 1 dae 1 s (gah!-daw-ayh!-s).
February moon - Niyo 1nota:a (nee-yoh!-noat-aah); [Lit. peepers few].
Feces- 0 1 da 1 (oh-dawh!).
Feeble - sehgehtiyod<Viih (senh-gayh-tee-yoh-donh!-onh); [Lit. getting about with
great difficulty]. -
Feeling ill (I am)- de 1gadohgwe:ta 1 (dayh!-gaw-donh-gway-tawh!).
Feeling good (I am) - gadohgwe:ta 1 (gaw-donh-gway-tawh!)
Feet (anat.) - ohsi 1da 1 (oh-seeh!-dawh!).
Fell (it)- 0 1 ga 1 hnye:nent (oh!-gawh!-nyay-nent); [Lit. it went down from an
upright position].
Fell (I)- ho 1 gya 1je:nent (hoh!-gyah!-j-ay-nent); [Lit. my body went down].
Fell (I - backward)- ho 1geshadat (hoh!-gays-haw-dawh!-t).
-
Fell (I - forward) -hotgyosgwehda: 1 (hoh!-tgohs-gwenh-dawt).
Female (it is)- ge:oh (genh-onh).
Female- ye:oh (yay-onh).
Females - wenye:oshiViih (way-nyenh-onh-shoh!-onh).
Fence- ga 1 e:de1 (gawh!-enh-dayh!).
Fenced area- dega 1e:de 1 (day-gawh!-enh-dayh!); [Lit. fence all around it].
Fermented- otgesoh (oh-tgenhs-onh).
Fem (Chrismas) - johehgo 1 (ionh-hayh-goh!).
Fem (ground) - oane 1da 1 (oh-ah-nenh!-dawh!).
Fem (lousewort)- johehgo 1 (ionh-hayh-goh!).
Fem (maiden hair)- deganyenda:ji 1s (day-gaw-nyenh-daw-jeeh!-s); [Lit. it has
black shins].
Fem (New York) - johehgo 1 (ionh-hayh-goh!).
Ferry - gawe:no 1 (gaw-way-noh!); [Lit. a raft].
Ferryman- shago:we:no:a 1 (shaw-goh-way-noh-ah!); [Lit. he takes them on a raft].
Fertilize (soil)- eshehdi:yos (enh-shen-dee-yohs); [Lit. make the soil good].
-
.......
Fertilizer - gaediyosdahgwa' (gaw-enh-dee-yos-wah-gwah!); [Lit. it is used to
make the soil good].
Fetus-gawi:ya' (gaw-wee-ylih!).
Festivals - awendetga:desha' (ah-wen-day-tgah-days-hah!); [Lit. times for fun].
Feverish- 0 1dohgweo:h (oh!-donh-gwenh-onh).
Few-dohga:ah (doh-gaw-ah).
Fiddle- ga 1no:wa1 (gawh!-noh-wawh!). Oral Tradition: Its been said to be one of
four evils brought from across the salt waters to introduce to the native people
and cause idle gossip and distruption.
Fiddler-ha 1nowaga:nyes (hawh!-noh-wah-gah-nyays).
- Field-geda:ye' (genh-daw-yenh!); [Lit. a meadow].
- Field com-ono 1ja1 (oh-noh!-jawh!); [Lit. tooth].
Field (large)-ge:dasde: 1 (genh-daws-denh!).
Fifteen (15)- wis-sgae' (wees-sgawh-ayh!); [Lit. base 10 + 5 on top].
Fifth (5th)-wis-wado:ta, (wees-waw-donh-tawh!).
Fifty (50)- wis ni-washeh (wees-nee-wahs-henh); [Lit.base 10 x 5].
Fifty-cents - geih nigahsyo1sha:ge:h (gay-eeh--nee-gawh-shonh!-shah-gay); [Lit.
4 shillings] see: shilling
Fighting- wadi:yo:h (wah-dee-yoh).
Fights (over it)-wasge:heh (waws-gay-henh).
Fights (over her)- hoya1 dasge:heh (how-yayh!-daws-gay-henh); [Lit. he fights
over the body].
Fights (over him) - goya 1 dasge:heh (goh-yawh!-daws-gay-henh); [Lit. she fights
over the body].
- 'Figured it out' (he) - waihwa:ho1 (waw-eeh-waw-hoh!).
Figworth-deyo:yoge:ho' (day-yoh-yoh-gay-honh!)
Fill (you -)-sno:he:d (snonh-hayd); [Lit. you fill it up].
Filled (I- it)-akno:hehdoh (awk-nonh-hayh-donh); [Lit. I have filled it up].
Filled to capacity - ho 1ganohe 1 t (hoh!-gaw-nonh-hayh!-t).

Filter- dewenowoyenta• (day-wenh-nonh-wonh-yehn-tawh!); [Lit. it filters thru].

Fins- gedahso:do 1 (genh-dawh-soh-donh!); [Lit. fins sticking up].
Final- hesgago:n (hays-gaw-gohn); [Lit. for the last time].
Finality- oiyogo:soh (oh-eeh-yonh-goh-sonh); [Lit. matter is ended].
Finally (about time) - wa:eh nab (waw-ayh-nah).
Finally - (last moment)- oiwage:yatgeh (oh-eeh-waw-genh-yawt-gayh).
Financial loans- owisda 1 wata 1donyo1 (oh-wees-dawh!--waw-tawh!-donh!); [Lit.
money borrowed].
Finger (Anat.)- 0 1nya 1 (oh!-nyah!).
Finger (he-puts a- on it)- he 1nya:ha 1 (henh!-nyah-ayh-hawh!).
Finger nail (Anat.) - 0 1ehda 1 (oh!-ayh-dawh!).
Fingernail (moon)- ga 1ehda: 1 (gawh!-ayh-dawh!).
Finished (event ended) - ho 1wadahgwi1 (hoh!-waw-dah-gweeh!).
Finished (I - a task) - ho•gyenendat (hoh!-gyenh-nehn-dawt).
Fire- ode:ka 1 (oh-day-kawh!); [Lit. flaming].
Fire - gaje:od (gaw-jay-od); [Lit. standing flame]. Fire symbolizes the power of
purification. Smoke from the fire connects the Turtle Island to the Sky World,
by carrying the words and hopes of the humans to the Spirit Beings above.
Fire cherry- ganojohgwane' (gaw-nonh-jonh-gwaw-nayh!).
Fire Department- Heno1swata 1 (henh-nonh!-swaw-tawh!); [Lit. they put out fires].
Fire fly- dewatsisdo:gwas (day-wah-chees-donh-gwaws); [Lit. scatters sparks].
Fire keepers - honondion (hoh-nohn-dee-ohn).
Fire making tool- yodega 1dahgwa 1 (yonh-day-gawh!-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. for
making fire].
Fire place - yondega 1dahgwa 1 ( yonh-day-gawh!-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. where fire is
made].
Fire wood- oye:da 1 (oh-yenh-dawh!).
Fireman- ha•swata• (hawh!-swaw-tawh!); [Lit. he put out fires].
Firmly put (word)- oiwa:niyoh (oh-eeh-waw-nee-yonh); [Lit. strongly worded].
-
137
First - joje:ehdoh (joh-jay-enh-donh); [Lit. beginning with].

Firsthand - ne 1yakjih (nayh!-yawk-jeeh); [Lit. before anything].
Fish dance - genjae:no 1 (genh-jaw-enh-nonh!); [Lit. fish song].
Fish fins - gedahso:do 1 (genh-dawh-soh-donh!); [Lit. fins sticking up].
Fish hawk- onijogwe 1 (oh-nee-joh-gwenh!); [Lit. it picks fish out of water].
Fish hook - gasdo 1sha 1 (gaws-donh!-shah!).
Fish- genjoh (genh-jonh).
Fish scales - osta1 (ohs-tawh!).
Fish scales (on it)- osta:e1 (ohs-taw-ayh!).
Fish tail - gedahsa1geh (genh-dawh-sawh!-gayh).
Fisherman (ice) - owisa 1 geh hadanyoa1 (oh-wee-sah!-gayh--haw-daw-nyoh
awh!).
Fisherman (net) - hadayeo 1 s (haw-daw-yenh-onhs).
...... · Fist (he made)- wahjohja:gwe 1no:ni1 (wawh-joh-jaw-gwayh!-nonh-neeh!).
-- . Five (5) - wis (wees).
..... Five Confederated Nations -wis nyonoehjage:h (wees--nyoh-nonh-enh-jaw-gay].
Five hundred (500) - wis niwe 1nya1 e (wees-ni-wenh!-nyah!-ayh); [Lit. 5 strikes of
- the finger].
Five pennies - wis gwenis (wees--gwenh-nees).
Five thousand (5000) - wis nigaosha:geh (wees-nee-gaw-onh-shah-gay); [Lit. 5
cases, each holding 1000 items].
Fifteen (15) - wis-sgae 1 (wees-sgaw-ayh); [Lit. base 10 + 5 on top].
Fifth (5th) - wis-wado 1ta1 (wees-waw-donh!-yawh!).
Fifty (50) - wis niwasheh - wees-nee-waws-henh); [Lit. base 10 x 5].
Fives (by) - wis-sho 1 (wees-honh!).
Flag- yo:sa 1 (yoh-sah!).
Flag (up) - yo:so:d (yoh-soad).
-
.......
Flag (covered by)- o:dohso:oh (oh-doh-soh-onh).
Flame - 0 1 dohgwa1 (oh!-donh-gwawh!).

ONONDOWA1 GA: 1 GAWE:N01
Flame (up)- 0 1dohgo:d (oh!-donh-goad).

Flat- gada:gwehda:1 (gaw-daw-gwenh-dawh!).
Flat (tire) - ho 1tgada:gwehda:t (hoh!-tgaw-daw-gwenh-dat); [Lit. it became flat].
Flat - degada:gwehdeh (day-gaw-daw-gwenh-denh).
Flats (terrain)- yo:nya:de1 (yonh-nyaw-dayh!).
Flattened- deyoda:gwehde: 1he 1oh (day-yoh-daw-gwenh-denh!-hayh!-onh).
Flatulence - odeo:nya:nih (oh-denh-onh-nyaw-neeh); [Lit. its gassy].
Flayed- gaye:syo:h (gaw�yenh-shonh); [Lit. skinned].
Flea - dewahsentwas (day-wah-senh-twaws); [Lit. it kicks about Gumps) ].
Flicker (bird) - gwido 1gwido1 (gwee-doh!-gwee-doh!).
Flint - otagwe 1da 1 (oh-tlih-gwenh!-dawh!). Oral Tradition: the 'bad' twin of Sky-
woman's grandsons was said to be named Flint.
Flint com- hehgo:wah (hayh-goh-wawh).
Flipped over- gagahatweh (gaw-gah-haw-twenh); [Lit. turned inside out].
Flirtatious- 01noweha:d (oh!-noh-wayh-hawd); [Lit. bothersome].
Floated (in water) - wo 1oe 1go 1 (who!-oh-enh!-goh!).
Floating- odo 1gahhoh (oh-doh!-glih-gonh).
Floating (in air) - ode:de 1 (oh-denh-dayh!).
Floats - wado1gahgwa 1 (waw-doh!-goh-gwah!).
Flood- ono:do1 (oh-noh-donh!).
Flooded - ho 1weno:do1 (hoh!-wenh-noh-donh!).
Floor (on)- ganesda 1geh (gaw-nays-dlih!-gayh).
Floor{squeaking) - deyohji:esha:ga:h (day-yoh-jee-ayhs-hlih-gawh).
Flooring- ganesdadehda:1 (gaw-nays-dlih-denh-dawh!).
Florist - aweo1 watgeo1 (aw-wenh-onh!--waw-tgay-onh!).
Florist - hononda:weo:tgeo1 (hoh-nohn-daw- wenh-onh-tgay-onh!).
Flour - ote 1sha 1 (oh-tayh!-shlih!).
-
Flourished- odo:gway (oh-donh-gway).
Flower - aweo1 (ah-wenh-onh!).
-
. Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on
Flowed - dagane:gait (daw-gaw-nay-gaw-eet).

Flowing - jone:gaViih (joh-nay-guyh!-onh); [Lit. water flowing out].
Flowing (water) - odihahde:joh (oh-dee-hawh-denh-jonh). Refers to stream, etc ...
Flu medicine- gotowinyo 1se:h deyodogehdoh (goh-tih-weeh-nyonh!-say--day-
yoh-doh-genh-donh); [Lit. it works against a cold].
Fluid substance- one:go:d (oh-nay-goad); [Lit. oozing].
- Flute (Native)- ga: 1 ge:ta 1 (gawh!-genh-tawh!).

Flute, reed instruments - yeo 1dasha 1 (yenh-oh!-daws-hah!); [Lit. to blow with].
Flute- gahsa 1ge:da 1 (gah-sawh!-genh-dawh!); [Lit. used in little water ceremony].
- .. 1da:wa:s (hah-ay-oh!-daw-waws).
Flute (he plays the-)-ha:eo
- Pluvial plain- yo:nya:de 1 (yonh-nyah-dayh!).
Fly ribbon- gashe 1daye:no:s (gaws-hanh!-daw-yay-nonhd); [Lit. it catches
flies].
- Fly swatter - onawe 1sta 1 (oh-nah-wenh!-stawh!); [Lit. a floppy thing].

Fly (insect) - oshe 1da 1 (ohs-hanh!-dawh!).
Flying - gaje 1 (gawd-jayh!).
Flying about- gajenonje 1s (gaw-jay-non-jayh!-s).
Flying away - ho 1ga:je 1 (hoh!-gaw-jayh!); [Lit. its flying away].
Flying (flock) - wadi:je 1 (waw-dee-jayh!); [Lit. there's many in flight ] (birds,
butterflies, bees, etc)
Flying toward - daga:je 1 (daw-gaw-jayh!).
Plys - dega:dehs (day-gaw-denhs); [Lit. it flys] referred to air planes
Foam - owe 1sta 1 (oh-wenh!-stawh!). Oral Tradition: It is said that caucasians are
made of foam from the sea.
Focused - 0 1nigo:wi:h (oh-nee-goh-weeh); [Lit. mind stays on task].
Fog- oshadohgwa 1 (ohs-haw-doh-hwah!); [Lit. a vapor/cloud].
·- Fog patch- osha:do 1 (ohs-haw-doh!).

Foggy- deyoshadohgwahye1 (day-yos-haw-doh-gwah-yenh!); [Lit. low lying
Clouds/vapor].
.........

140 ...
'-'
I.,.
Follow (me)- daskno:ndeh (daws-knonh-denh). ~
Follow-deswadahno:ndeh (days-swah-dawh-nonh-denh);[Lit. follow one \w'

~
another] Before any roads, Woodland people walked narrow trails in single
~
file.
....
Fond (of you)-go:noe 1s (gonh-noy-ayh!s) ....
Food - wago 1 (waw-gonh!); [refers to any edible food]. ~
Food-ga:kwa1 (gaw-kwah!); [refers to prepared food]. \i,,;.
Food (our sustanence)-johehgoh (john-hayh-gonh); refers to the 3 ....

~
sisters, corn, beans, and squash; there's a celebration ceremony for them.
Food-yeya1dano:wehs (yay-yawh!-daw-nonh-wenhs); [Lit.taking into the body']. '-'
\a.
Food (items)-adeno 1sha 1 (ah-denh-nonh!-shah!).
\iar
Food (will take)-egade:no 1t (enh-gaw-denh-nonh!-t);[Lit.take provisions ]. i....
Food (taken along)- agadeno doh (ah-gaw-denh-nonh!-donh); [Lit. took my
1
.....
"lunch" with me. Once it was food for the hunt; today its food for noon-break. ~
Fo�ling (I am) - agadendo:nya 1 doh (ah-gaw-denh-donh-nyah!-donh).

Foot (Anat) - ohsi1 da1 (oh-seeh!-dawh!).
Football- yesentwas (yenh-senh-twawhs); [Lit. they kick].
Food basket- yondehkwa:gwa1 (yonh-day-kwah-gwah!); [Lit. used to told food].
Foot odor - wahsi 1dages (wah-seeh!-daw-genhs); [Lit. smelly feet].
Foot prints-wahsi1deonyo1 (wah-seeh!-denh-onh-nyonh!); [Lit. prints of feet ].
Foot race- denoje:noeha 1 (denh-nonh-jenh-noh-ayh-hawh!); [Lit.they race].
Footwear- deye:sowekta1 (day-yenh-soh-wayg-tawh!); [Lit. foot covers].
For-no-reason- hewe:geh-ges (hay-way-genh--genhs). {C-P}
For sure - se 1eh (senh!-enh). {C-P}
Forehead (Anat.)- oge 1ja1 (oh-genh!-jawh!).
Forced (he's- by it)-tonohdoni:h (toh-nonh-donh-neeh).
Forced (they-him)-daowenohdo:s (daw-onh-wenh-nonh-donhs).
Foreign body (in eye) - ohgahdahgweh (oh-gawh-dawh-gwenh).
Forenoon- wenishase 1a:neh (wenh-nees-hah-sayh!-nayh); [Lit. toward a new day].
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue;· a as in at; e as in end; ti as in on

Forest fire - wo'hohahde:g (who!-oh-haw-dayg); [Lit. the forest burned].
- Forest- gaha:da:ye' (gaw-haw-daw-yenh!).

Forests- gahado:do' (gaw-haw-doh-donh!).
Forever (gone) - ho'dwatgo:de' (hoh!-dwad-tgoh-denh!).
Forgetful (I am) - aknigohehesgo:h (ahk-neeh-gonh-henhs-gonh).
Forgetful (you are all) - swa'nigohesgo:h (swah!-neeh-gonh-henhs-gonh).
- Forgetful (its)- o•nigohesgo:h (oh!-neeh-gonh-henhs-gonh);

Forgiven- swadi:wahsyoni:h (swah-deeh-wawh-shonh-nee-h); [Lit. made
amends].
- Forgiveness (asking)- swadi:wahsyo:nih (swah-deeh-wawh-shonh-neeh); [Lit.
- asking to make amends].
Forgiveness (plead for)- gadanide:sta' (gaw-daw-nee-denhs-tawh!).
- Forgot (I) - oknigo:heh (onh-kneeh-gonh-henh).

Forgot (you) - esa•nigo:heh (eyh-sawh!-nee-gonh-henh).
Fork- gahsigwa:• (gaw-seeh-gwah!).
- Fork (on end of pole)- gahsigweo:a:' (gawh-seeh-gway-oh-wawh!).
Forked path- deyotao:ge' (day-yoh-taw-oh-genh!).
Formal address (lecture)- gaiwahdehda:• (guy-wah-denh-dawh!); [Lit. the matter
is properly laid out in its entirety].
Formal greeting-Nyaweh sgeno' (nyawh-wenh--sgenh-nonh!); [Lit. I am grateful
for your well being].
Formalized - o'wadiwagano:ni• (oh!-waw-dee-wah-gaw-nonh-neeh!); [Lit. it was
carried out in a proper way].
Formed (it)- odado:ni:h (oh-daw-donh-neeh); [Lit. it formed on its own].
Fortunate (you are) - sendeoh (senh-deh-onh).
Fortune teller- yeneyo:• (yenh-nay-yonh!); [Lit. she reads fortunes].
Found (for myself)- o•gade:ge' (oh-gaw-denh-genh!).
- Found (I- it)- o'gesheo:wi• (oh!-gays-henh-onh-weeh!).
Found (you- it again)- sa:sesheo:wi' (saw-says-henh-onh-weeh!).

Foundation (building)- degasde:do' (day-gaws-denh-donhl).

Four (4)- geih (gay-eeh).
Four Beings -Geib nyenondi:h deyokiye'nyado' (gay-ih-�nyenh-non-dee--day
yoh- kee-yenh!-nyaw-donh!) ; [Lit. our four protectors].
Four Comers (Catt. Terr.)-Dedwata'se:' [cross roads].
Four hundred (400) - geih newe'nya'eh (gay-eeh--nay-wenh!-nyah!ayh); [Lit. four
(4) strikes of the finger].
Four Messengers - Hadioya'geono' (hah-dee-onh-yayh!-gay-oh-nonh!); [Lit. they
are of the Sky World]. in the Gano:nyog (Thanks Giving Address)
a section refers to our Celestial Messengers to whom we give thanks for their
instructions for personal guidance, and protection.
Four Mile Level (Catt. Terr.) - Ga:nehdaeh (gaw-nayh-daw-ayh!); [Lit. level
plateau].
Four nights- geih niyohsonda:geh (gay-eeh--nee-yoh-sohn-daw-gay). Ceremony
held in Swege' only].
Four o'clock - geih-niyoisda:e: (gay-eeh--nee-yoh-ees-daw�ayh).
Four Sacred ceremonies - geih-niyoiwa:ge:h (gay-eeh--neeh-yoh-eeh-waw-gayh).
Four thousand (4000) - geih negaosha:geh (gay-eeh--nay-gah-onh-shah-gayh);
[Lit. 4 cases, each holding a 1000 items]. So far its unknown what the 1000
items in the box were.
-
Four Winds - deyoa:wene:h (day-yo-ah-wenh-nyay); [Lit. the moving winds]
In the Gano:nyog (Thanks Giving Address), is a section to acknowledge the
Four Winds, respect and gratitude is extended to the winds for bringing the
Grandfather thunders who provide the life giving rains to all life, and -
freshening the air.
East- tga:tgwitge'sgwah (tgah-tgweeh-tgenh!s-gwah); [Lit. toward the rising
sun].
West - hegagwe'sgwah (hay-gah-gwenh!s-gwah); [Lit. toward the setting sun].
North - otowe•ge:gwah (oh-toh-wayh!-gay-gwah); [Lit. toward the cold].

ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:Nb·
South - oneno 1ge:gwah (oh-nay-noh!gat-gwah; [Lit. toward the warmth].

Fours (by) - geih-sho 1 (gay-eeh-shonh!).
Fourteen (14) - geih- sga:e' (gay-eeh--sgaw-ayh!); [Lit. base 10 + 4 on top).
Fourth (4th)- geih wado: 1ta1 (gay-eeh--wah-donh!-tawh!).
Forty (40) - geih-newasheh (gay-eeh--nay-wahs-henh); [Lit. base 10 x 4].
Foul com- otgi' oneo' (oh-tgeeh!--oh-nenh-onh!); ancient com recipe, long lost.
Fox- no 1 gwatgwa:h (nonh!-gwaw-tgwawh).
Fragrant- gasenoga 1oh (gaw-senh-nonh-gawh!-onh); [Lit. smells good].
Frame of back pack-ye 1nigohsagehta:sta 1 (yenh!-nee-gonh-saw-gayh-taws-tah!].
Frayed- odo:yeoh (oh-doh-yenh-onh!).
Freckles (she has)- gogeneo:nyo' (goh-genh-nenh-oh-nyonh!).
Fredonia, NY- Gane 1daweo 1 (gaw-nenh!daw-wenh-onh).
- Free (of charge) - do 1 oga: 1 (doh!-oh-gah!).
Freedom (you will have) - ejisadadweniyo 1het (enh-jeeh-saw-daw-dwenh-nee-
-. yoh!-hayh!); [Lit. you will again be free].
Freeze (it) - snehsdos (snayhs-dohs).
Freezing - onesdoa:je' (oh-nays-doh-ah-jayh!); [Lit. it continues to freeze].
Freezer - ganesdosta 1 (gaw-nays-tohs-tawh!); [Lit. it freezes things].
Free throw- ehse:jiwen (enh-sayh-jeeh-when); [Lit. you are going to hit].
Frequent - da 1 ja 1ne 1 (dawh!-jawh!-nayh!) ; [Lit. at short intervals].
Frequent visitor- ojo 1sesgo:h (oh-jonh!-says-gonh); [Lit. visits too often].
Fresh grown food (I got)- 0 1gehso:nye' (oh-gayh-sonh-nyayh!); [Lit. I tasted this
food once again] refers to foods not tasted very often. { old term}
Fresh meat- 0 1wa:se: 1 (oh!-waw-sayh!); [Lit. new meat].
- Fresh milk- ono 1gwahse: 1 (oh-nonh!-gwah-sayh!); [Lit. new milk].

Friday- Wenda:kah (wenh-dawk-ah); [Lit. near Saturday] .
Friday- wis wenishade 1 (wees--wenh-nees-hah-dayh!); [Lit. 5th day].
Fried bread- gahgwahgi1da:h (gawh-gwawh-geeh!-dawh).
- Fried- gaisdagi 1da:h (gaw-ees-daw-geeh!-dawh).
--. Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u · as in cue; a a:s in at; e as in end; ti as in on
-
ONONDOWA·GA:' GAWE:N6•
Fried green com- gasogagi 1 da:h ( gaw-sonh-gah-geeh!-dawh).

Friend (my)- aga:tsih (ah-gaw-cheeh); [Lit. my companion].
Friend (my)- ogyadeo 1 (onh-gyaw-day-oh!).
Friendly- yogwe 1diyo:h (yonh-gwayh!-dee-yoh); [Lit. person of good
temperment].
Friends (became)- wonodeo 1 stet (woh-nonh-day-oh!-stay-t).
Friends (their)- honodeo'sho 1 (hoh-nonh-day-oh!-shonh!).
Friends (they are)- honodeo: 1 (hoh-nonh-day-oh!).
Friends (we are -)- ogyadeo 1 (onh-gyah-day-oh!).
Friendship -adeo 1 sha 1 (ah-day-oh!-shah!).
Frightening - ohjon (oh-john); [Lit. scary].
Frightens (he) - hahjohgwanih (hawh-joh-gwaw-neeh); [Lit. he scares].
Fringe - deyohgi'ci:n (dayh-yonh-geeh!-ohn); [Lit. its frayed].
Frivolous- do 10 1ni:gon (doh!-oh!-nee-gohn); [Lit. no brainer, silly].
Frog - sgo 1 ak (sgoh!-ahk).
Frog legs- sgo 1ak ohsi:no' (sgoh!-ahk.--oh-see-nonh!).
Front- o:endoh (oh-enh-donh); [Lit. forward].
Frost - ohse:e' (oh-senh-enh!).
-
Frost (light)- ohse:ye' (oh-senh-yenh!).
Frost (heavy) - ohseowanehdoh (oh-say-oh-waw-nenh-donh).
Frost bite (fingers) - ho'wage'niya1 ko:' (hoh!-dwaw-gayh!-nee-yah!-konh!); [Lit. it
broke my fingers].
Frost Spirit - Hato 1 (hah-toh!).
Frowning (he is) - deotge 1gehdoh (day-oh-tgenh!-genh-donh); [Lit. he has brought
his eye brows down].
Frozen- onesdo:h (oh-nays-doh).
Fruit on tree- oji:yo:n (oh-yohn).
Fruit (generic term)- oji:ya1 (oh-jee-yayh!).
Frustrating - johge:dat (joh-gay-dawt); [Lit. its irritating].

Fry pan - gagawa•sha• (gaw-gaw-wawh!.:.shah!).

....... Full- gano:hoh (gaw-nonh-honh).
Full (getting filled)- gano:he•s (gaw-nonh-hayh!-s).
- Full (from food)- ohda 1oh (oh-dawh!-onh).
- Full (I got)- ogahdat (onh-gawh-dawt); [Lit. I got enough to eat].
Full (are you?)- esahdat? (ayh-sawh-dawt); [Lit. did you get enough to eat? ].
Full moon- wadeni 1 dokta 1 (waw-denh-neeh!-dok-tawh!); [Lit. end of month].
Fumed (she) - godenye 1do:d (goh-day-nyenh!-doad); [Lit. she's harboring anger].
--. Fuming (she's)- godenye1doni:h (goh-day-nyenh!-donh-neeh); [Lit. she's getting
madder inside herself].
Fumes- ose:no 1 (oh-senh-nonh!)
-
- Funeral - eshagodihsado:1 (enh-shaw-goh-deeh-saw-donh!);[Lit. they will bury
her].
Funeral (time of)- howohsado:ne1 (honh-wonh-saw-donh-nayh!).
-
""'
Fungus (type)- onahsa 1 (oh-nah-sawh!).
Fungus ( type)- awe 1ohso:d (ah-wenh!-onh-sawh!).
Funny- osga:tgwat (ohs-gah-tgwat); [Lit. laughable].
--. Fussy (you are -)- sno:ye:h (snoh-yay); [Lit. you are particular].
Fuzz- oehda: 1 (oh-enh-dah!).
- G
Gg � 2nd consonant in the Seneca Alphabet, pronounced [ g ] as in girl
Gag (it makes me -)- age1 nowa:1dahgwa:nih (ah-gayh!-noh-waah!-dawh-gwah
neeh).
Gagged (he) - wo 1 nowa:1de 1 (woh!-noh-waah!-denh!).
-
- Gall bladder (Anat.) - gajitgwa:dahgwa 1 (gaw-jeet-gwah-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. it
holds the bile].
Gallon -geih-nigashe 1 di:h (gay-eeh--nee-gaws-heyh!-deeh); [Lit. 4 quarts].
-
.....
Gambler - deahyeo 1 (day-ah-yenh-onh!); [Lit. he bets].
Gamblers - deadiyeo 1 (day-ah-dee-yenh-onh!); [Lit. they bet].
.-..
Key: a as in ah; e as in_ they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Games (all)- ha 1dewatganye1sha:ge:h [games of all kinds].

Games- gajisgwaie:1 (gaw-jees-gwah!-eyh!).
Gaming- gaye:da 1 (gaw-yan-dawh!); pertaining to wagering.
Gano:nyog (gaw-nonh-nyong); Lit.Thanks giving address]. Spiritual Value: to
thank all life on earth and the universe for following the original duties given by
the Creator]
Garage - yoDde1sehdayeDdahgwa 1 (yon-day!-sayh-daw-yan-dawh-gwah!); [Lit.
where one places the vehicle there].
Garbage collector- otgi 1 haDehgwih (oat-geeh!--haw-nenh-gwih); [Lit. he hauls
dirty/nasty things].
Gardeners- hadiyeDto 1geo:no 1 (haw-dee-yan-toh!-gay-oh-nonh!); [Lit. they are
planters]. -
Gargle- esasho:wae1 (enh-saws-hoh-waw-ayh!; [Lit. you rinse your mouth].
Garnisheed - gaga:yeno 1 (gaw-gah-yay-nonhl); [Lit. the wage is held].
Garter dance - De�atsi:hasyo 1 0: 1 (day-waw-chee-haws-shonh!-onh!).
Garters - atsihasha 1 (aw-chee-haws-hah!); [Lit. used to bind the leg with].
Garter snake - shaDo:ya:eDe 1 (s-hah-nonh-yaw-aye-nenh!).
Gasoline -ODO' (oh-nonh!); [Lit. oil/gas] oil and gas are named the same.
Gas pumper- ODO' ha:eha 1 (oh-nonhl--haw-ayh-hawhl); [Lit. he pours oil/gas].
Gas station- ODO' hadieha 1geh ( oh-nonhl--haw-dee-aye-hawh!-gayh); [Lit. they
pour in oil/gas there].
Gassy - odeoDyaDih (oh-denh-oh-nyaw-neeh); [Lit. its full of gas]. Flatulent.
Gate down - jo 1ehdoh (ioh!-enh-donh); [Lit. the gate has been brought down].
Gathered (persons)- honoja 1de:oh (hoh-non-jawhl-day-onh); [Lit. they have
...
come together, assembled].
Gathered (were)- wodiya 1de:g (woh-dee-yah!-dayg); [Lit. an event brought
them together].
Gathered (- them)- wowodiya 1de:g (wonh-wonh-dee-yah!-dayg); [Lit. they
brought them together].

'
ONONDOWA'GA:' GAWE:NO•
Gathered (huddled)- honojoe:goh (hoh-nonh-joh-aye-gonh); [Lit. they are

gathered together (as a crowd)].
Gathered (stitch)- ojoe:goh (oh-joh-ee-gonh); [Lit. it is gathered, bunched up].
Gathering (things)- hadi:es (haw-dee-ays); [Lit. they go about gathering]. It was a
custom of the tradional community to be prepared with food stuffs for the
gathering of donations when ceremonies occurred.
Gatherings (random) - go:gweo;nyo1 several people gathered in spots
Gate up- dasawa 1 ehdehgwat (daw-saw-wawh!-enh-dayh-gwawt).
Gave (I)- 0 1ga:do1 (oh!-gaw-donh!); [Lit.I gave it away].
Gave (I-to)-dahke:yo1 (daw-kay-yonh!); Lit. I gave it to --].
Gave (to him)- wo:wo:yo1 (wonh-wonh-yonh!); [Lit. they gave it to him].
Gee whiz!- a:ge ! (awh-gayh).
Ge 1ne1 -oneh (genh!-nayh!-oh-nenh)- expression of mild disgust. { C-P}
........ Generations (new)- dayegohso:daje1 (daw-yay-gong-soh-daw-jayh!); [Lit. the
faces keep appearing].
Genesis- shonda:wahsa:we1 (shohn-daw-wah-saw-wenh!); [Lit. in the
beginning ... ].
Genesseo, NY- Jonehsi:yo:h (joh!nayh-see-yoh!); [Lit. fine sand there].
Geneva, NY- Ganondase:1geh (gaw-nohn-daw-sayh!); [Lit. at the new town].
Gentle - ao1deoh (ah-oh!-denh-onh); [Lit. soft].
Gentle voice- oweno:1deoh (oh-wenh-noh!-denh-onh); [Lit. in a soft voice]
George Washington - Hanondaga:nyahs (haw-nohn-daw-gaw-nyahs); [Lit. town
destroyer]. During the mid 18th and early 19th centuries, Geo. Washington
- earned this name after he had authorized the systematic destruction and
genocide of Native populations.
Gestation - 01 wado:ni 1 (oh!-wah-donh-neeh!); [Lit. it grew].
Get (you go) - ho1se:goh (hoh!-say-goh).
Get (you-in) - sade1nohda:h (saw-dayh!-nonh-dawh).
- Get ready- sade:sa:h (saw-days-ah).
--.
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as _in end; 6 as in on
Ghost- jisge:h Uees-genh).

'Ghost' bread- gahgwagi 1da:h (gawh-gwah�geeh!-dawh); [Lit. fried bread]. This
food item has likely been miss named by immigrants who did not understand the
significance of the death feast and so named it 'ghost' bread, or 'spook' buns.
Giant Raven (myth)- ga'ga'go:wa:h (gawh!-gawh!-goh-wah).
Gift- ganiyondasha 1 (gaw-nee-yon-daws-hah!). Describes a time when small
gifts of a hanky or a bar of soap for children were hung on the Christmasmas
tree in reservation schools and churches up to the early 1900's.
Gift (for her)- wo 1 odahniyontas (woh!-onh-dawh-neeh-yon-taws); [Lit. a gift was
hung for her].
Gift (for him)- wowoniyontas (wonh-wonh-neeh-yon-taws); [Lit. a gift was hung
for him].
Gift (ribboned)- ode 1hehso:d (oh-dayh!-hayh-so-d).
Gift (you ribbon it)- se 1hehso:deh (sayh!-hayh-so-d-denh).
Gift (tied)- gawa:heh (gaw-waw-henh).
Gift (wrapped)- dega 1hoje:yo:h (day-gawh!-hoh-jenh-yonh);
Gift (you wrap it - dese 1hoje:ye:g ( day-sayh!-hoh-jenh-yayg ).
Gift (you unwrap it)- se 1ho:tsih (sayh!-hoh-cheeh).
Gift (wrapped box)- degaohsyoje:yo:h (day-gaw-onh-showh-jenh-yonh).
Gifted (you are)- saya 1dai:wa 1 (saw-yawh!-daw-eeh-wawh!); [Lit. you are set
apart].
Ginseng- joe 1do:ge 1 (ionh-enh!-doh-genh!). {medicine plant}
Giraffe - ganya 1se:s (gaw-nyawh!-says); [Lit. it has a long neck].
Girdle- deyonja 1 dowa:kta 1 (day-yon-jawh!-doh-wag-tawh!); [Lit. used to squeeze
the body tightly].
Girl- yeksa 1a:a (yak-sawh!-aawh); [Lit. a small girl].
Girls (2) '-- 0 1kni (oh!-knih); onoh (oh-nonh); possessive Pronoun prefixes.
Giving thanks- ganonyog (gaw-nonh-nyong).
Gizzard - otgweno 1da 1 (ot-gwenh-noh!-dawh!).

-.. Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 149
Glanced off - awisahdoh (awh-wee-soh-donh!); [Lit. it slid off].

Glancing - hewatgahtwas (hay-wat-gwah-twas); [Lit. it looks there frequently].
Glasses (eye)- gagaisda 1 (gaw-gaw-ees-dawh!); [Lit. makes eyes see farth.er].
Glass pane - atgatwasha 1 (aw-tgaw-twaws-hah!); [Lit. used to see through].
Glassware - atgatwasha 1 (aw�tgaw-twaws-hah!); [Lit. clear(material)].
Glazed(dessert)- gashesdohga:h (gaws-hehs-doh-gawh); [Lit. syrup on it].
Glimpses (in)- watge 10:nyoh (wawt-genh!-onh-nyonh).
....... Glimpses ( appears in)- watge 10:ne 1s (wawt-genh!-onh-nayh!s).
Gloves- e 1nyo:sha 1 (enh!-nyoh-shah!).
......
Gluttonous- onya 1dowis (oh-nyah!-doh-wees); [Lit. it eats a lot].
Gnats - 0 1ge:when (oh!-genh-whehn).
God (Christian term) - Haweniyo1 (haw-wenh-nee-yoh!); [Lit. his main voice].
...... Go for it!- jagoh ! Gaw-gonh).
Goalie- daho:ta 1 (daw-hoh-tawh!); [Lit. he guards].
....... Goat - gaya 1dages (gaw-yawh!-daw-genhs); [Lit. its smelly body].
Going (on ahead) - ho 1we 1 (honh-wayh).
Going toward - hegatgo:dak (henh-gawh-gohn-dawk).
-
-..
Going (mechanically operational)- ohde:jo:h (oh-denh-jonh)
Gold finch- ganoni 1da:s (gaw-nonh-neeh!-dawhs)
Gold thread- ojitgwa: 1 (oh-jeet-gwah!).
Gold- gawisdahno:0 1 (gaw-wis-dah-noh-onh!); [Lit. its expensive metal] .
Goldenrod- jitgwa:e 1 niyaweo 1de:h Geet-gwah-enh!--nee-yaw-way-oh!denh);
[Lit. its flower is yellow].
- Gone - ohde:jo:h (oh-denh-jonh); [Lit. it went].
- Gone ( by)- oahdoh (oh-ah-donh); [Lit. past].
Gone (for good)- ha 1deyotgo:n (hawh!-day-yoh-tgon).
Good (became) - awiyo 1he 1oh (aw-wanh-eeh-yoh).
- Good bye- there is no Seneca word for 'good-bye'. See: I'll see you again.
Good crop- gaendiyo:h (gaw-en-dee-yoh).
....... Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Good luck - jagoh (jaw-gonh); [Lit. do your best].

qood medicine -onohgwa 1tsiyo:h (oh-noh-gwah!-cheeh-yoh).
Good message - Gaiwiyo:h Guy-wee-yoh).
Good (road) - oa:iyo:h (oh-ah-eeh-yoh).
Good (car) ga 1sehdiyo:h (gawh!-sayh-dee-yoh).
Good (house)- ganohsiyo:h (gaw-nonh-see-yoh).
Good- wiyo:h (wee-yoh).
Good-for-nothing - de 1 ga:sdak (dayh!-gaw-stawk).
Good-mind- ga 1nigoiyo:h (gawhl-nee-gonh-eeh-yoh).
Good tasting com - 0 nisdaga 1oh (oh!-nees-dawh-gawh!-onh).
1
Good Message - Gaiwiyo:h (guy-wee-yoh); [Lit. the good word]. The

teachings for personal guidance as revealed to Handsome lake (Ganyodai:yo')
by the Messengers. In the Gano:nyog (Thanks Giving Address) a
section refers to Handsome-lake to whom acknowledgement is given as the
carrier of the Gaiwiyo:h (Good Message) to the people.
Goose (Canadian)- ho:ga:g (honh-gawg).
Gooseberry- jo 1aga wa:ya:s (ioh-ah-gawh!--waw-yaws); [Lit. raccoons eat its
1
berries].
Groove- ohso:wohgeoda:je' (oh-soh-wonh-gay-oh-daw-jayh!); [Lit. along the
edges].
Gorilla- oisagi:gowa:h (go-ee-saw-gee-go-waw); [large monkey] see:monkey
Gossip (general)- gyo 1 ohsho 1 oh (gyonh!-onh-shon!-onh); [Lit. bits of hearsay].
Gossip (malicious)- gaiwaetgehsho 1 oh (gah-ee-wide-genh-shonh!-onh); [Lit. bad
words, malicious issues].
Gossiper (she is)- deyode 1nyi;finyoh (day-yonh-denh!-nyenh-onh-nyonh).
Gossiper (malicious)- yi:wano 1go: 1 (yee-waw-nonh!-go-oh!) [Lit. her words are
careless].
Gotten (I have)- hewage:gweh (hay-waw-gay-gwenh); [Lit. I have gotten it].
Gourd rattle- onyohsa 1 gasdowe 1sha1 (oh-nyonh-sawh!--gaws-doh-wenh!-sah!)

Governor Blacksnake-. Tewonya's (tenh-wonh-nyawh!-s); [Lit. chain breaker].

Seneca, 1749-1859, named 'Gov. Blacksnake' by Geo.Washington, said to have
been because of his height. Tewonya's, uncle to Cornplanter and Handsome
lake, lived well beyond 120 years old. Tewonya's was born near Seneca Lake,
dies in Cold spring on the Allegany Territory.
Gowanda, NY -Jogowonde• joh-goh-won-dayh!); [Lit. other side of the ridge].
Grab (it)- ho 1senyatga:h (hoh!-say-nyawt-gawh); [Lit. you grab it].
Grab Your Partner dance - jodadenyatgii:s (ionh-daw-day-nyawt-gahs).
•
- Graduated (I) - 0 1tgo:god (ot-gonh-gohd); [Lit. I went through].
Grains - ono:za' (oh-nonh-zawh!).
- Grand Council - hodiahshe• (hoh-dee-aw-shenh!); [Lit. Chiefs council in session].
Grand Council of Chiefs- wis nyonoehjage:h Hodiyane:h hodiahshe' (wees--
nyoh-nonh-anh-jaw-gay-- Hoe-dee-yaw-nayh --hoe-dee-ah-shanh!--); [Lit. 5
Nations of Chiefs in Council] to address issues which effect the Hodinohso:ni'
Confederation as a whole; each issue introduced by the Onondagas is considered
- by the 'older brothers' (Mohawks and Senecas); their spoksman reviews their
thoughts, the issue then 'crosses the fire' for the 'younger brother's' (Cayugas,
-' Oneidas and Tuscaroras) consideration; If unanimity is not reached, the issue
can be introduced again.
- Grand children (my) - keyade'sho' (kay-waw-dayh!-shonh!).

Grand daughter (my) - keya:de 1 (kay-yaw-dayh!).
Grand father- hakso:d (hak-sod).
Grand Island, NY - Gawe:no•geh (gaw-way-nonh!-gayh); [Lit. on the island].
Grand son (my)- heya:de 1 (hay-waw-dayh!).
Grandfather Thunderers - Hi•no' (heeh!-nonh!); {thunderers' name}. The west
winds bring the thundering voices that signal the coming of life-giving rains.
- The Thunder beings are our guardians.

Grandmother- akso:d (awk-sod).
Grandmother Moon-Etiso:d (ay-tee-sood); [Lit. our grandmother]. The moon is

the transformed head of the 1st woman born on Turtle Island, to watch over the
fertility of all living beings.
Grand River Reservation - Ohsweken (oh-sway-gen). After the
American Revolution, the British Crown granted Joseph Brant 675,000
acres in Ontario in the 1780s; a community was established at Grand River for
those Hodinohso:ni' supporters and about 10% non-natives. Small bands of
each of the Nations migrated there.
Granite- ga 1ja:sgwa 1 (gawh!-jaw-sgwah!).
Grape - onyogwi1sa 1 (oh-nyoh-gweeh!-siih!), [Lit. it in bunches].
Grapefruit- ogwa:a 1 (oh-gwawh!).
Grass fire (green) - wo 1ogeo 1jade:g (woh!-oh-gay-oh!-jaw-dayg).
Grass fire (dry)- wo1ohgwahde:g (woh!-oh-gwah-dayg).
Grass - ogeo 1ja 1 (oh-gay-oh!-jawh!)
Grasses - ta 1otgeo 1jo 1de1 (tawh!-oh-tgay-oh!joh!-denh!); [Lit. grasses of all kinds].
Grasshopper- jisda:h (iees-dawh).
Grasshopper (a type of -) - jino 1deok (iee-noh!-day-ok).
Grateful (it is -)- ao 1eshas (aw-onh-ays-hawhs).
Grateful (I am) - gado 1eshas (gaw-donh!ays-hawhs).
Gratitude (people's expression of -)-deyokno:nyo dahgwa:g (denh-yonh-knoh
1
nyonh!-dawh-gwawg); [Lit. an expression with which to voice gratitude].

Gravel-digger operator- ha 1nehsogwa:s (hawh!-neh-soh-gwas); [Lit. he digs out
gravel].
Grave- gahsa:do 1 (gawh-saw-donh!); [Lit. its buried there].
Grave - 0 1da:gwa:od (oh!diih-gwa-od); [Lit. a mound there].
Grave (his) - wao 1 da:gwa:o:de 1 (wah-oh!-diih-gaw-oh-denh!); [Lit. his mound].
Grave digger- hayado 1 gwa:s (haw-yah-doh!-gwaws); [Lit. he digs the opening]
Grave side (at) - oyadakah (oh-yaw-dawk-ah); [Lit.at the opening].
Grave-sites- hadihsahdo:nyo 1 (haw-dih-saw-donh-nyonh!; [Lit. place where they
are buried].
-
Gravely (ill) - ye:yo 1da:ye 1 [someone near death].

Gravely ill (to care for)- agateyo•daye' [I have someone near death].
Gravy- yenono1dohga:ta 1 (yay-nonh-noh!doh-gawh-tawh!); [Lit. its put on
potatoes].
Gray - 0 1ge 1 e 1 (oh!-genh!-enh!); [Lit. its like ashes].
Gray hair - goha•te• (goh-hah!-tenh!); [Lit. her gray hair].
Grayish - 0 1 ge: 1e: 1 oh (oh!-genh!-enh!-onh).
Grease - 000 1 (oh-nonh!).
Great bear ·(myth) - nya•gwaehe:h (nyawh!-gwah-eeh-hay).
Great black leaves - onahdaji•go:wa:h (oh-nah-daw-jeeh!-goh-wah).
Great burden strap - shosheowa: 1 (s-hohs-hey-oh-wawh!).
Great Darkness- ohsondagohgo:wa:h (oh-sonh-dawh-goh-goh-wawh); [Lit. a
huge darkness]. Oral Tradition: It was said long, long ago, that a huge darkness
was coming which would overshadow the land of the Ogwe'oweh on Turtle
Island, bringing chaos and suffering upon the people ... that the great dakness
was coming over the eastern waters, and like the waters, there would be waves
of massive death and destruction.
.....
Great dipping spoon- adogwa•syo:waneh (ah-doh-gwah!-showh-wah-nenh).
"'"'
Great elm tree - gaoga:•go:wa:h (gaw-onh-gah!-goh-wawh).
Great Feather dance- osdowa•go:wa:h (ohs-doh-wah!-goh-wawh). This dance is
said to be the most powerful and sacred. The beat of the turtle rattle, a symbol of
Turtle Island, stirs gratitude in participants for the Creator's life supporting
sustenance and the Peacemaker's uniquely designed discipline of governance.
Great grandchild (my) - dewagade•shahne:d (day-wah-gaw-dayh!-shah-nayd);
[Lit. I have a double layer of grand children].
Great granddaughter (my) keyade•go:wa:h (kay-yaw-deyh!-goh-wawh).
Great grandfather - haksodgo:wa:h (hak-sowd-goh-wawh).
- Great grandmother- aksodgo:wa:h (awk-sowd-goh-wawh).

Great grandparent (our)- ogwahsosha•go:wa:h (onh-gwah-sos-hah!-goh-wawh).
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as. in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Great grandson (my) heyade•go:wa:h (hey-yah-dayh!-goh-wawh).

Great Homed Owl - ohi:ih (oh-hee-eeh).
Great Homed Serpent (myth) - jodehgwatoh (ioh-dayh-gwah-tonh).
Great Law - gayanesha 1go:wa:h (gaw-yaw-nays-hah!-goh-wawh).
Great long roots- gakdeakgweni:yo• (gawk-day-ah-gwen-nee-yoh!); [Lit. main
root] [chiefs name.
Great naked bear (myth) - nya•gwaehego:wa:h (nyawh!-gwa-eeh-hay-goh-wawh).
Great northern pike -jigohso:s (iee-gonh-sohs).
Great shuffle dance - e:sga:nye:1 go:wa:h (enh-sgah-nyeh!-goh-wawh).
Great turtle rattle - ganyahde:hgo:wa:h gasdowe 1sha 1 (gaw-nyah-denh-go-wawh
-gaws-donh-wenh!-shah!).
Great Warrior of War (Sup. Nat Being) myth- hosge•egehdohgo:wa:h (hos-
genh!enh-gayh-donh-gow-wawh).
Greedy- osge:ha1seh (ohs-gay-hawh!-seh); [Lit. it is greedy/stingy].
Green-ganehdaikoh (gaw-nenh-daw-ee-konh); [origin unknown].
Green briar - o:yowe:ji• (oh-yoh-wenh!-jeeh!).
Green com- ogo:sa:d (oh-gong-sa:d).
Green com soup - ogosahgi• (oh-gonh-sah-geeh!).
Green snake - noyaene• (nonh-yaw-eh-nenh!).
Greet (they - each other)- deyadahno:nyo: 1 (denh-yaw-dawh-nonh-nyonh!).
-
Greetings (formal)- nyaweh sgeno• [Lit. thank you for your wellness]; Cultural
value: a traditional expression of gratitude for one's well being as
instructed in the Gano:nyo'.
Greetings (informal) - sgeno 1 dinah (sgenh-nonh!--dee-nawh); [Lit. are you well
then?].
Greetings- Ganonyo:g (gaw-noh-nyong) [an address of thanks giving for all of
the Creator's gifts]. Cultural Tip: The first of numerous sections relates to the
acknowledgement and greeting of the people.
Grey (It.) - o•ge•e:• (oh!-genh!-enh!; [Lit. color of ashes].

155
Grey - oye'gwa,e:' (oh-yenh!-gwah!-enh!; [Lit. color of smoke].

Grey fox- no 1gwatgwa:h (nonh!-gwad-gwawh).
Grey hair - oha1te1 (oh-hah!-tenh!).
Grey squirrel - joni:sgyo:n (ioh-nees-gyoh-ohn).
Grind stone - yegahiyo:gwa 1 (yay-gaw-hee-yonh-gwah!); [Lit. for sharpening].
Grinding (he is -)- hatsagahiyonyoh (haw-chaw-gawh-showh-neeh; [Lit. he's
sharpening with a grind stone].
Grinding Dishes dance- gaksoge:yo:1 (gawk-soh-genh-yonh!).
Grinding the Arrow dance- ga 1 noge:yo: 1 (gawh!-nonh-genh-yonh!); [Lit.grinding
the arrow] Cultural Tip: its said to be the devil's dance.
Grit - ohdonye 1sha1 (oh-donh-nyenh!-shah!); [Lit. crumbs].
Groaning - ohsyoje:s (oh-showh-jenhs).
Grocer- hadeninoh (hah-danh-nee-nonh); [Lit. he sells]
Grocery store- tadeninosgeh (hah-danh-nee-nonhs-gayh); [Lit. where he sells
things]
Groove - ohsowohgeoda:je' (oh-sonh-wonh-gay-oh-daw-jayh!); [Lit. edged]
Grouchy- odesha:ni 1do:ni:h (oh-days-hawh-neeh!-donh-nee); [Lit. its working
itself to be cross].
Ground (above) - heyejage:ya:d (hay-yenh-jaw-genh-yawd).
Ground (in) - yoenjago:h (yonh-enh-jaw-gonh).
- Ground (on)-yoenja'geh (yonh-enh-jawh!-gayh).

Ground (under)- yoenjago:gwah (yonh-enh-jaw-gonh-gwawh).
Ground (deep into) - yoenjago:jih (yonh-enh-jaw-gonh-jeeh).
Ground (meat) - dega 1waihdod (day-gawh!-waw-eeh-donh).
.-,. .
Ground pine- watohji'syohs (waw-tonh-jeeh!-shonhs); [Lit. creeping vine].

Ground pine- one'dadehda 1 (oh-nenh!-daw-denh-dawh!; [Lit. laying pine].
Ground robin -jo:wi:s Go-wees).
Group (organized)- hadihsi:a: 1 (haw-dee-see-yawh!); [Lit. they are standing
- together].

Groups - gejohgo:do1 (genh-joh-go-donh!).

Grouse, ruffed- johgwe 1yoni 1 (ioh-gwawh!..yon-neeh!).
Grove - gaha:do:d (gah-haw-dod); [Lit. stand of timber].
Grow (plant will -)- ewondo:ni 1 (enh-won-donh-neeh!).
Grow (animal will-)- ewodoja:g (enh-won-doh-jawg).
Growing (animal life)- odojeo:je; (oh-doh-jenh-onh-jayh!).
-
Growing (plant life)- odonia:je 1 (oh-donh-nee-ah-jayh!).
Growling - otgeohnyo1 (oat-genh-onh-nyonh!); [Lit. it is growling].
Growling - honontgeohnyo' (ho-non-tgenh-onh-nyonh!); [Lit. they (people) are
mumbling menacingly].
Grown-up (he has)- hodo:jeh (ho-doh-jenh).
Growth - odo:ni:h (oh-donh-neeh).
Grudge - ono 1kweshe:s (oh-nonh!-kwenhs-hays); [Lit. it holds anger long time].
Guard- hotgaeyo: 1 (ho-tgaw-enh-yonh!); [Lit. he is watching].
Guard (you be on -) - es�shaek (enh-saws-haw-ek).
Guesstimate -ne 1hoh-noh-ho 1geoje 1 (nayh!-hoh-n6nh-hoh!-genh-onh-jayh!); [Lit. it
may be about that much].
Guffaw -ho1tadoda:ik (hoh!-taw-doe-daw-ik); [Lit. he gave a belly laugh].
Guide (me)- dasge:gahda:je:h (daws-gay-gawh-daw-jay); [Lit. come, look along
with me].
Guiding- gagahda:je 1 (gaw-gawh-dah-jayh!); [Lit.looking along with it].
Guilty (not)- wa:dohse: 1 (waw-doh-sayh!); [Lit. he became free].
Guilty (proven) - wowoihwawa 1s (wonh-wo-ee-wah-wah!s); [Lit. they had
evidence against him].
Gullible - awe1osgo:h (aw-wayh-onhs-gonh); [Lit. it believes everything].
Gulp - esato 1gwen (enh-saw-tonh!-gwen).
Gulping - deyoto 1gwehdoh (day-yoh-tonh!-gwenh-donh).
Gum - osowa 1da1 (oh-soh-wawh!-dawh!).
Gums (Anat.) - oyo 1da 1 (oh-yonh!-dawh!).

-- Gun - gaeyo 1da 1 (gaw-eh-yoh!-dawh!).

Gun powder- o'ge:e' (oh!-genh-enh!); Lit. dust].
Gust coming- daga:je 1 (dawh-gah-jayh!); [Lit. strong wind coming].
Gust - ga 1 hasde 1 (gah!-haws-dayh!); [Lit. strong wind].
Gwe:h - (gwayh); [ old expression of quiet surprise]
H
Hh - 3rd consonant in the Seneca Alphabet, pronounced as h, as in him
Ha:ah- (haah); [ old expression of mild disbelief].
Habit- oyende 1oh (oh-yen-dayh!-onh); [Lit. its become used to it].
Habit (became)- ho 1gaye:nde: 1 (hoh!-gaw-yen-dayh!); [Lit. it became used to it].
Had a Horse (song) -Geodanehgwih oeno 1 (Genh-onh-daw-nenh-gwih--oh-en-
nonh!); [Lit. the horse's song].
...... Had enough (of a bad thing)- ho 1gadahdahgo 1 (hoh!-gaw-dah-dah-goh!); [Lit. I
have had enough, can not take anymore, done!].
Had happened- ne-jawe1 oh (nay-jaw-wenh!-onh).
Hail - 0 1 neyosda 1 (oh!-nay-yos-dawh!).
Hailed- wo 10 1 neyosdeodi 1 (woh!-oh!-nay-yos-denh-onh-deeh!); [Lit. it dropped
......
hail].
Hail Spirit- (myth)- Deoja 1ja 1 goh (day-yoh-jawh!-jawh!-gonh); [Lit. divided body].
Hair (Anat.)- oge 1a 1 (oh-gayh!-ah!).
Hair (kinky)- deyo:tsiri:h (day-yoh-cheeh!-eeh); [Lit. its tangled].
Haired up (it) - ho 1dwatge 1 ageo1 (hoh!-dwaw-tgay-ah-genh-onh!).
Hairy - gaehdo 1ya 1 (gaw-enh-doh!-yawh!).
Half -ha 1dewahse:noh (hawh!-day-wah-senh-nonh); [Lit. in the middle].
Half moon (mid-month) - ha 1deweni 1 daeh (hawh!-day-wenh-neeh!-dah-enh).
Half ripe fruit- wayawe:ta:s (waw-yaw-wen-taws); [Lit. ripe fruit sectioning in].
Half-slip- deyode 1ka:ne:dahgwa 1 (day-yoh-dayh!-kah-nay-dah-gwah!); [Lit. she
uses it to double layer her skirt].
Halitosis- gaishages (gaw-ees-hah-genhs); [Lit. smelly breath].
-
Halter- gasha:a 1 (gaws-hawh!-ah); [Lit. a strap, used to guide animal].

-
Ham- gwisgwis oyahda 1 (gwis-gwees--oh-yawh-dawh!); [Lit. pig thigh].
Hamburg, NY - Ganondage:n (gaw-non-daw-gan); [Lit. white town].
Hammer- gaji:wa' (gaw-gee-wah!).
Hammer (pounding)- oji:waga:h (oh-jee-wah-gawh); [Lit. sound of hammer
pounding].
Hammerhead- gaisehda 1 (guy-sen-dawh!].
Hammock- gao:yo:n (gah-onh-yon) [Lit. a hanging canoe]. Over 50 years ago,
mothers made makeshift cradles, using a blanket pinned to 2 parallel 5 to 6 foot
clothes lines. The ends were knotted and placed over kooks; creating a nice
'swing' for the baby to sleep in.
Hamper -osdagwa: 1 yeahgwa' (ohs-dawh-gwah!--yay-ah-gwah!); [Lit. a place to
put in laundry].
Hand (Anat.) - osohda 1 (ohs-oh-dawh!).
Hand bag - gatge 1da 1 (gaw-tgwenh!-dawh!).
Handkerchief- ge:noh (genh-nonh).
Handle- gatge:sha 1 (gaw-tgeh!-shah!).
Hand-in-hand- deyadahnentsi:ne' (day-yaw-daw-nen-chee-nayh!); [Lit. they are
leading each other by the hand].
Hand saw -yenesja1kta 1 (yay-nays-jah!k-tawh!); [Lit. used to cut boards].
Handful (measurement)- gasohdi:h (gahs-oh-dee).; [Lit. 1 handful =1/2 cup].
Handful - wahjo:gaih (wah-joh-gah-eeh); [Lit. 1 handful].
Handkerchief (my)- agi:noh (aw-gee-nonh).
Handsome lake - Sga:nyodai:yoh (Sgaw-nyoh-dah-ee-yoh); [Lit. beautiful lake,
referenced to Lake Ontario]. This name was given by the Peacemaker to the
only Seneca man who accompanied and supported the Peacemaker in his
mission to establish the League of Peace in the 12th century.
Handsome lake - Sga:nyodai:yoh (Sgaw-nyoh-dah-ee-yoh); [Lit. beautiful lake,
referenced to Lake Ontario]. Born into the Wolf Clan in 1734 at Conawadas, a

Seneca community on the Genessee River. His mother's name was

Deyago'ka:heh. He was a sickly child, the women of the Turtle Clan adopted
him. It is not known what his boyhood clan name(s) were.
By about 1754, this young man was given the Chiefs title Sga:nyodai:yoh. His
life was eventful, particularly the still existing Gaiwiyo:h. In 1815, following his
- death at Ononda'geh at the age of 82 , his grandson, Sosheowa, succeeded the

Seneca chief, perpetuating the title of Sganyodai:yoh as the Peacemaker
intended.
- Handsome (he)- haksa•gowa:h (hawk-sawh!-goh-wawh).
Hand shake- ho•tsadasohdo:nda:t (hoh!-chaw-dahs-oh-donh-dawt); [Lit. they
shook each other's hand].
Handy - gayosdoh (gah-yonhs-donh); ILit. its comfortable, useful, handy].
Hang (you) -sniyo:deh (snee-yon-denh).
- Hanger- ojo:tga:' (oh-jod-tgah!); [Lit. a cut branch on a tree used as a hook].

Hanging - gani:yo:n (gaw-nee-yon).
Hanging cluster - wahgwaihshahniyo:n (wah-gwah-ees-hah-nee-yohn); [Lit. a
cluster of fruit or flowers hanging (from a vine, stem, or branch)].
- Hanging crane- wa•enoda:doh (wawh!-enh-non-daw-donh); [Lit. a pole set across
onto 2 crotched posts from which to hang kettle(s)].
-- Hangover- joetgedoh (joh-ayd-genh-donh); [Lit. queeziness].
Haphazard - gwa•tigaye:eh (gwah!-tee-gaw-yay-enh); [Lit.not done well].
Happened once- sga:d heyawe'oh (sgawd--hay-yaw-wenh!-onh); [Lit. one
happening], akin to 'once upon a time'.
Happiness- awendetga:de• (aw-wen-dayd-gah-dayh!); [Lit. good feelings]
Happy- o•nigoiyo:h (oh!-nee-gonh-ee-yoh); [Lit. of a good mind, satisfied]
- Hard (solid)- oniyoh (oh-nee-yonh).
Hard (difficult)- gano:o• (gaw-no-onh!).
Hardness - oniyosha:d (oh-nee-yonhs-had); [Lit. tends to be hard].
Hardwood- o:we'ga:niyoh (oh-wenh!-gah-nee-yonh); [Lit. hard wood].

Hardship- degadoge 1 oh (day-gaw-doe-genh!-onh); [Lit. having difficulty].

Hardship situation- hotgado:geh (hoh!-tgaw-doe-genh); [Lit. had difficulty].
Hardy (it is)- ao:ho:niyoh (aw-onh-:honh-nee-yonh); [Lit. it has a strong spirit].
Hardy (they are)- hodiya 1da:niyoh (ho-dee-yah!-daw-nee-yonh); [Lit. their bodies
are sturdy].
Hare - todaye:d (tonh-daw-yand).
Harness- waja 1dowe:kta 1 (waw-jawh!-doe-wayg-tawh!); [Lit. it slips over its
body].
Harsh- ga 1syohwaneh (gawh!-show-waw-nenh).
Harvest ceremony- heno:tahgwe:s [ they gather bread].
Harvesting (they are -)- hadiyentwa:gwas (haw-dee-yehn-twaw-gwahs); [Lit.
they are pulling up garden crops].
Harvesting (grain) - hadinonji:ya 1s (haw-dee-nohn-jee-yawh!-s); [Lit. they are
cutting grain crops]; oats, buckwheat, wheat.
Has to be - ha 1dega:go:n (hawh!-day-gaw-gohn).
Hat- gahigwa: 1 (gaw-hee-gwah!).
-
Hatchet - ga 1sgwihsa 1 (gawh!-sgwih-sawh!).
Hatching - dewenoja 1s (day-wen-nonh-jawh!-s); [Lit. they're cutting through].
Hatchlings- deyonoja 1goh (day-yo-nonh-jawh!-gonh); [Lit. they have cut through].
Hates - gaswaes (gaws-wah-enhs); [Lit. it hates it].
-
Hatred - gahswae 1 oh (gaws-wah-enh!-onh].
Hauled (I- it) - ho 1knehgwi 1 (hoh!-knenh-gweeh!).
Hauling (I am -)� a:knehgwi:h (awk-nenh-gweeh).
Haunted - dewajeonyohgwa 1 (day-waw-jenh-onh-nyonh-gwah!); [Lit. a place
that's said to be haunted]. -
Hawk (night) - gwe1di:s (gwenh!-dees).
Hawk clan - Hodiswe 1gaiyo 1 (ho-dees-swanh!-guy-yoh!); [Lit. they are members of
the Hawk Clan].
Hawk- gaji1da:s (gaw-jeeh!-daws); [Lit. it eats birds]

161
Hawthorn -aweoek (ah-way-oh-ayk). {wild plant}

Hay mower - ga'eohja's (gawh!-ay-oh-jawh!-s).
Hay rake - ga 1eohde:gta 1 (gawh!-ay-oh-dayg-tawh!); [Lit. it gathers the hay].
-- Hay spreader - dewadogwadta1 (day-waw-doe-gwah-tawh!); [Lit. it spreads
things].
Hay tea- 0 1 eoda:gi 1 (oh!-ay-oh-daw-geeh!). a water and hay mixture for tea to be
given to sick calves. I
- Hay - o'eohda1 (oh!-ay-oh-dawh!).

Hazel nut bush - osdodi1sha1 (ohs-doh-deeh!-shah!).
He, him - haho 1 (haw-honh!) ; Objective pronoun.
Head (Anat.) - ono 1e: 1 (oh-nonh!-anh!).
Headache ....:. ono1 e:goh1 s (oh-nonh!-anh-gonh!-s); [Lit. soreness in the head].
Head band- deyohno 1 e:sta1 (day-yonh-nonh!-anhs-tawh!); [Lit. used for putting
around the head].
Head dress-- gasdo:wa 1 (gaws-dow-wawh!); [Lit. feather cap]. It is a cap with a
- head band, decorated with split feathers and bead and/or quill work. The top
center would have one to five feathers The position of the feather(s) identified
the Nation that wore it, particularly at Grand Council.
Head lice- ji 1no:h (jeeh!-nonh).
- Head lice- (she has) - goji 1 nowoganyas (go-jeeh!-nonh-wonh-gaw-nyahs); [Lit.

she is being bit by head lice].
Head ones - oendosho 1 (oh-an-donh-shoh!); [Lit. they're up front]. Cultural tip:
refers to the traditional Faithkeepers.
Heals all- swado 1dahgwa1 (swah-donh!-dah-gwah!). {wild plant}
- Healing (salve)- swado 1dahgwa1 (swaw-donh!-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. it heals].
Healed (it) - sawa:do' (saw-waw-donh!).
- Healthier- jodo:gwe:aje 1 (joh-donh-gw_ay-ah-jayh!); [Lit. it is feeling better].

- Healthful - yagohiyosdahgoh (yaw-goh-hee-yos-dawh-gonh); [Lit. its for one's
good health].
-
Healthy growth- odo:nia:je 1 (oh-donh-nee-ah-jayh!); [Lit. its growing well].

Healthy-yohiyo:h (yonh-hee-yoh); [Lit. it is in good health].
Hear (I) - a:gahto:de 1 (aw-gaw-tonh-dayh!).
Heard (I)- o:gahto:deh (onh-gaw-tonh-denh).
Heard (I) - ho 1 gi:wao:g (hoh!-gee-waw-ong); [Lit. I heard news].
Heard (about myself)- ogada:di:wa:og (onh-gaw-daw-dee-waw-ong); [Lit.I
heard news about myself].
Heart (Anat.) - awenyahsa 1 (ah-wenh-nyah-sawh!).
Heart beat - deyohgwa 1 (day-yoh-gwah!); [Lit.it throbs].
Heart breaking- ohsehde:1 (oh-senh-dayh!); [Lit. its sorrowful].
Heat wave - oha 1doh (oh-hawh!-donh).
Heating stove - ganohsodaiya 1 ta 1 (gaw-noh-soh-dah-ee-yah!-tawh!); [Lit. it warms
the house].
-
Heaven (Christian) - jo 1 nigoeyosde:1 (joh!-nee-gonh-anh-yos-dayh!); [Lit. at the
peaceful place].
Heavy equipment operator- gaehdanehgwih hadowis (gaw-aye-daw-nenh-
gwih--haw-doh-wees); [Lit. he drives an earth mover].
Heavy frost - ohseowanehdoh (oh-say-oh-waw-nen-donh).
Heavy handed - ga 1nyagasde 1 (gawh!-nyaw-gaws-dayh!); [Lit. with heavy fingers].
Heavy (issue) - oi:wasde1 (oh-eeh-was-dayh!).
Heavy rain - ho 1gasdeowanen (hohl-gaws-day-oh-waw-nen).
Heavy- osde1 (ohs-dayh!).
Heavy load - oenosde 1 (oh-ayh-nonhs-dayh!).
Heavy thighs (it has)- degayahdowanes (day-gaw-yaw-doe-waw-nenhs).
Hectic - degayanodage:oh (day-gaw-yaw-noh-daw-genhl-onh); [Lit. so busy steps
are going every which way].
Hedged (he -) - ho 1taiwa:tge:d (hohl-tie-waw-tgayd);[Lit. he scratched over the
words].
Hedging- degaiwatge:deh (day-gaw-eed-waw-tgay-denh); [Lit. the words have

-
been scratched].
Heirloom - yontgahtwata, (yon-tgaw-twah-tawh!); [Lit. to be looked at (from time
to time) ].
Hell (Christian)- hanisheono 1 geh (haw-nees-hay-oh-nonh!-gayh); [Lit. the
devil's place].
Hell (Traditional)- shagoehwata,geh (shaw-go-ayh-waw-tawh!-gayh); [Lit. the
punisher' a place].
..... Hellebore, false- oska:a (ohs-kaw-awh).
Help (me)- dasgyeno:wo's (daws-gyen-nonh-wonh!-s); [Lit. (you) help me]
Help (us)- dasgwaya'dage:hah (daws-gwah-yawh!-daw-geh-hawh!).
Help (you) - saja,dage:hah (saw-jawh!-daw-gay-hawh).
Help (yourself)- sadaja,dage:hah (saw-daw-jawh!-daw-gay-hah).
- Help (them)- sheya•dage:hah (shay-yawh!-daw-gay-hawh).

Helpfulness- adanideosha 1 (aw-dah-nee-danh-onh-shah!).
Helping (themselves) - godaja,dage:ha:no 1 (go-daw-jawh!-daw-gay-haw-nonh!).
..... Hem - detgagwadtweh (day-tgaw-gwad-twenh).
Hemlock - one'da' (oh-nenh!-dawh!).
- Hemorrhaging- jotgwehsai'oh (ioh-tgenh-saw-eeh!-onh); [Lit. bleeding].
- Hen hawk- oswe'ga:da'gea1 (ohs-wenh!-gah-dawh!-gay-awh!).
Hepatica- ganowehdahgwa' (gaw-non-wenh-dah-gwah!); [Lit. it melts].
Herb - o'eohda• (oh!-ay-oh-dawh!).
Here (he was) - he'sgwa' (hayh!-sgwawh!).
Here (an object was) - ga:yendak (gaw-yan-dawk).
Here (place) - nogkoh (nong-koh).
Here-abouts - nogkoh-sh9' (nong-koh-shonh).
Here and there- ogwe:onyo' (oh-gway-onh-nyonh!).
Herefords (cattle) - wadigohsage:n (waw-dee-gonh-saw-gan); [Lit. they have
white faces].
- Heron - joahsha• Go-ah-shah!).

Seneca Language Teacher's. Dictionary 164
Heron clan - HonodaiNi:ga:' (ho-nohn-daw-anh-onh-gawh!); [Lit. they are of the

Heron Clan].
He-who-eats-innards (myth)- shago'dadahgwas (shaw-goh!-daw-dawh-gwas).
Her, herself - ga:ho' (gaw-honh!). Objective Pronoun
Hers - goweh (go-wenh). Possessive Pronoun
Hey - gweh (gwayh). {an old exclamatory term}
Hi- hae' (haw-ayh!). {a slanged, informal greeting}
Hiawatha-Ha:yewenta' (haw-yenh-wen-tawh!); [Lit. He who combs]. Mohawk,
c. 1100-c. 1180; accompanied Peace-maker in the gathering of the 49 village
leaders for chieftainship. It is said that Ha:yewenta' "combed the writhing
snakes from Tadodaho's hair", this is a metaphor which means to 'straighten and
reconstruct' the evil mind of Tadodaho' who was then able to accept the
Peacemakers' s message of peace.
Hibernated (it) - ho'wadohsyo:' (hoh!-waw-doh-shonh!).
Hibernates (it) - wadohsyo:' (waw-doh-shonh-!).
Hiccups - onyo'ska:s (oh-nyoh!-skahs).
Hiccupping (he is -)- hono'ska:s (ho-noh!-skahs).
Hickory (bitter) nut - onyo'gwajiwageh (oh-nyoh!-gwah-jee-waw-genh).
Hickory (shag) bark- jisdaga:o' (jees-daw-gah-oh!).
Ricky - ganya'saikgoh (gaw-nyah!-saw-eeh-gonh; [Lit. bitten on the neck].
Hidden - wahsehdoh (wawh-sayh-donh).
Hide (skin, fur) - O'syohsa' (oh!-showh-sawh!).
Hiding (it is)- odahsehdoh (oh-dawh-sayh-donh).
Hiding (I am) - agadahsehdoh (ah-gaw-dawh-sayh-donh).
Hiding place-yodahsehdahgwa' (yonh-dawh-sayh-dawh-gwawh!).
High plant growth- odihe:s (oh-dee-hays); [Lit. the plants have grown high].
High - hetgeh (hayt-genh).
-
High-heels - dega:de:sos (day-gah-days-sonhs).
High jumper - dea:no'sgwe:s (day-ah-nonh!-sgways); [Lit. he jumps high and

-- ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:N0 1
long].
- Highway workers - henontaonih (heh-non-taw-onh-nih); [Lit. they make roads].

Hill - onondade 1 (oh-non-daw-dayh!).
Hill top- onondage:ya:d (oh-non-daw-ganh-yawd).
-- Him, himself - ha:ho 1 (haw-honh!); Objective Pronoun

Hinders- wadeye 1 hita1 (waw-day-yenh!-heeh-tawh!); [Lit. it gets in the way].
Hinge- wadehoa:niyodahgwa1 (waw-day-ho-ah-nee-yon-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used
for hanging the door].
Hint (I understood the--) -ho 1giwado:g (hoh!-gee-wah-dohg).
Hip bone (Anat.) - ojisgo 1gwa1 (oh-jees-goh!-gwahl).
- Hip (Anat.)- oi 1 ya1 (oh-eeh!-yawh!).

Hire (I will)- egadeho 1 (enh-gaw-denh-hohl).
- Hired (helpers)- agadeho 1 she:do 1 (ah-gah-denh-honh!shenh-donhl); [Lit. I have

hired helpers].
Hired help- gaha 1sha 1 (gaw-hawh!-shah!).
-, Hired (me) - wogehat (wonh-gay-hawt).

Hirees (available)- gaha1syo:d (gaw-hawh!-showd); [Lit. many to be hired];
Hirees (bad) - hadiha 1shaetge 1 (haw-deeh-hawh!-shah-ayd-genh!); [Lit. they are
bad workers].
Hirees (good)- gaha1 tsi:yo 1 hs (gaw-hawh!-cheeh-yoh!-s); [Lit. there are good
..... workers].
-
......
Hirees (scarce)- de 1gaha 1shanoge 1 (dayh!-gaw-hawh!-shah-nong-gayh!).
Hippopotamus- weni:no 1syo 1 (wenh-nee-nonh!-shonh!); [Lit. layers of skin].
His- ho:weh (hoh-wenh). Possessive Pronoun
Historical - nondayawe 10:je 1 (noh-daw-yaw-wenh!-onh-jayh!); [Lit. events that
have happened].
History - nondayawe 1 syonje 1 (non-daw-yah-wenh!-shown-jayh!); [Lit. events and
happenings along the way].
Hitch-hiking (he is) - deahjohgeohta1 (day-ah-jonh-gay-oh-tawh!); [Lit, he puts
-
-.
..... Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ii as in on
-
'-'
i._
out his thumb). About up to the 1950's, it was common to see and give rides to %..,
hitch-hikers; cars had running boards and the hitch-hiker would stand on the .....
right running board, outside of the car and hang on to the window support. '-'
Hitter - hayenta1 (haw-yen-tawh!); [Lit. he hits]. '-'
'-
Hive- odihe 1do:d (oh-dee-hayh!-dohd).
'-
Hoarfrost- ohse:ye 1 (oh-senh-yenh!); [Lit. frozen dew]. .....
Hoarse (voice) - a:ka 1ji:h (aw-kawh!-jeeh); [Lit. my voice is raspy]. ~
Hoe - gaohjisha1 (gah-oh-jees-hah!); [Lit. meaning unknown]. '-'

Hodinohso:ni' (Ho-dih-nonh-sonh-nih!); [Lit. People of the longhouse]. -~
The Hodinohso:ni', a confederation of 5 original Nations (Seneca, Cayuga, ''-'
Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk) are. those peoples who support the traditions,
'-
\,,, 1
beliefs, values and authority of the Great Law. '-,,.

Holding (gripping) - gayenowo 1ko 1 (gaw-yan-noh-wonh!-konh!); [Lit. it is
holding].
Holding (I am)- ika:1 (ee-kawh!).
Holding (he is)- ha:a' (haw-ah!).
-
'-"
\a;
Hole- ao:gaen (aw-oh-guy-an).

Holes - oyadoga:endo' (oh-yaw-doh-gaw-ehn-donh!).
Hole driller- gayado 1 gwa:s (gaw-yah-doh!-gwas); [Lit. it digs holes].
Hollow- deyoswe:de 1 (day-yos-swen-dayh!).
Homely (it is)- ga:etge 1 (gaw-aye-tgenh!).
Home wrecker- deyenohsaita 1 (day-ye-nonh-saw-eeh-tawh!; [Lit. she breaks up
houses].
Hominy corn- hehgowa:h (hayh-goh-wawh). Flint corn.
Hominy grains - 0 1niyosda1 (oh!-nee-yos-dawh!); [Lit. hail stones].
Flint corn which has been pounded to the size of hail stones.
Hominy sifter- 0 1niyosdowanes yowo:gta' (oh!-nee-yos-doh-waw-nenhs--yonh
wong-tawh!); [Lit. large grains--sifter]. this small square basket is
used to sift the hail stone sized grains through, leaving the large grains to be
-
. ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO'
repounded.
Honest (he is)- taihwaye:i 1 (taw-eeh-waw-yay-eeh!); [Lit. right with his words].
Honesty- oiwadogehdoh (oh-eeh-waw-doh-genh-donh); [Lit. straight words].
Honey bee- ganonih (gah-non-neeh); [Lit. it makes honey].
.... Honeycomb - ogohsa 1 (oh-gonh-sawh!).
Honey- ganonih oshesda 1 (gah-non-neeh--ohs-hays-dawh!); [Lit. honey--syrup].
Honeysuckle - ojigwe1da 1 (oh-jee-gwenh!-dawh!).
Honeysuckle (bush) - gasha:ge1s (gaws-hah-genh!s).
Honoring- dewadeno:nyoh (day-waw-denh-nonh-nyonh).
Hook (fish) - gasto 1sha1 ojohtga: 1 (gahs-donh!-shah!--oh-jonh-tgah!); [Lit. fish
pole--hook].
Hooked (I- it)- 0 1 gejohtgeoda:h (oh!-gay-jonh-tgay-oh-dawh).
Hoop- e 1niga: 1 (enh!-nee-gawh!).
..... Hoop and javelin- gano 1ga 1 0: 1 (gaw-nonh!-gawh!-oh!). {less used term}
Hoop and javelin - gage:da 1 (gaw-gay-dah!).
Hope- adwenoda:gsha1 (ah-dweh-nonh-dawg-shah!); [Lit. in prayer].
Horizontal- dega:oh (day-gah-onh); [Lit. its across].
Homed Snake- (myth) - gashaisdowaneh (gahs-haw-ees-doh-waw-nenh); [Lit.
big snake].
Hom rattle- ono 1 ga: 1 gasdowe 1sha1 (oh-nonh!-gah!--gahs-donh-wenh!-shah!);
[Lit. hom--rattle].
Hom - ono 1gii: 1 (oh-nonh!-gah!).
Hom war club - gano geo dasha (gaw-nonh!-gay-oh-daws-hah!); [Lit. used with
1 1 1
-
.
an inserted horn]. This type of war club had an inserted sharpened antler spike at
- the weighted end.

Horse dance- geodanehgwih oeno1 (genh-onh-daw-nenh-gwih--oh-anh-nonh!);
[Lit. horse's -- song].
Horse fly - jitge1oge1 (jeet-genh!-oh-genh!).
Horseshoe (Allegany Res.)- Dejodiha:kdo:h (day-joh-dee-hawk-donh); [Lit.
.....
,
-
...... Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ti as in on
curved river].
Horseshoe longhouse- Dejodiha:kdo:h ga:nohse:s (day-joh-dee-hawk-donh -
gaw-nonh-says); [Lit. Horseshoe--longhouse].
Horse- geo:danehgwih (ganh-onh-dawh-nenh-gwih); [Lit. it hauls logs].
Horseback - eosade 1 geodanehgwih (ay-oh-saw-denh! ganh-onh-dawh-nenh
gwih); [Lit. he will go by horse back ].
Hot- 01 da:ye:h (oh!-daw-yanh).
Hours- no 1 gaisda:e:g (nonh!-gaw-ees-daw-ayg); [Lit. number of times it struck
the tin/bell]. {Earlier clocks had a metal hammer which struck the tin/bell}.
House (abstract) - ganohsa 1 (gaw-nonh-sawh!).
House (concrete)- ganohso:d (gaw-nonh-sod); [Lit. a standing house].
House (opening) - onohsogaen (oh-nonh-soh-gaw-ehn).
Housefly- oshe 1da1 (ohs-henh!-dawh!).
House of Representatives - Honontga 1 de 1geh (ho-non-tgawh!-dayh!-gayh); [Lit.
th,e place of many persons].
House sitter- hanohsanoh (haw-nonh-saw-nonh); [Lit. he is house-sitting].
House to house - jo:nohsashe:deh (joh-nonh-saws-hay-denh).
House top - ganohsage:ya:d (gaw-nonh-saw-genh-yawd); [Lit. on top of the
house].
Hovering- ode:de1 (oh-denh-dayh!).
Hovers- ohde:je's (oh-denh-jayh!s).
How ever... - ganyo 1shoh (gaw-noh!-shonh); [Lit. done how ever way ... ] {C-P}
However -: ne 1gwah-nah-nege1 (nayh!-gwah--nah--nenh-ganh). { C-P}
How many? - doh-niyoh? (doe-nee-yonh).
Hub - ojiwe 1da 1geh (oh-jeeh-wenh!-dah!-gayh); [Lit. on a block].
Hubbard squash- oshe1do:d (ohs-hayh!-dod); [Lit. it has a navel ].
Huckleberry - oyaji 1 (oh-yaw-jeeh!); [Lit. dark fruit].
Huddle- wa 1gohso:d (wawh!goh-soad); [Lit. a small group� people, animals, birds].
Huddle (drifted) - wo 101sae1 go 1 (woh!-oh!-saw-enh!-goh!); [Lit. the group
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in e11d; o as in on

- drifted/moved further beyond].
Huddled (beyond) - heswa'gohso:d (hays-wawh!-goh-soad); [Lit. they are huddled
a short distance beyond].
Hull - ogaehda' (oh-guy-dawh!).
...... Hull corn soup - onohgwa' (oh-noh-gwawh!).
Hulled - gagaihdehdoh (gaw-guy-genh-donh!); [Lit. hulls have been taken off].
Hulling basket- yegai:dowa:'ta' (yay-guy-doh-wah!-tawh!); [Lit. used to wash off
- hulls].
-- Human character- neyogwe'do'de:h (nay-yonh-gwayh!-doh!-denh); [Lit. the
- nature of the person].

Humble (mind)- O'nigoehnide:s (oh!-nee-gonh-enh-nee-denhs); [Lit. it has a
humble mind].
- Humming bird - jitowendoh Uee-tonh-wenh-donh); [Lit. bird flits about].
- Humorous - osga:tgwat (os-gaw-tgawt); [Lit. its laughable].
Hump - odo 1a 1 (oh-doh!-ah!).
-
-- Humpback- odo'agwao:n (oh-doh!-aw-gwa-ohn).
Hundred - we1 nya:e:h (wenh!-nyah-ayeh); [Lit. strike of the finger].
- Hundred (no. of) - ne:we'nya 1e:h (nay-wenh!-nyah-ayeh); [Lit. number of strikes

of the finger].
Hung (suicide) (he) - wodaja 1tae1 (wo-dah-jawh!-taw-enh!); [Lit. he hung himself].
Hunger- e:da 1 (enh-dawh!); [Lit. starvation].
Hungry (it is)- odoswe'da:nih (oh-donhs-wayh!-daw-neeh).
Hungry for (I am)- kno:wo:s (knonh-wonhs); [Lit. I am hungry for... ].
Hunt (gone to -)- hodowa:to:h (hoh-doh-wah-tonh); [Lit. he has gone to hunt].
Hunted - wadowadoh (wah-doh-wah-donh); [Lit. it is being hunted].
. Hunter- hado:wa:s (haw-doh-wahs); [Lit. he hunts].
-- Hunting (it is) - wadowa:s (waw-doh-wahs); [it is hunting].
Hunting dog- wadowa:s dewaohde:s (wah-doe-wahs--day-waw-onh-days); [Lit.
a hunting (dog)-- with long ears].

........
Hurry - gO'geh (goh!-gayh).

Hurry (you)- desa•sae:yeh (day-sah!-saeh-yenh); [Lit. you need to rush].
Hurt (I got)- o:gye:h (onh-gyenh).
Hurt (you got) - e:sa:ye:h (ay-saw-yenh).
Husband and wife - yada:tso:• (yaw-daw-chooh!).
Husband (her) -gonohgwa• (goh-nonh-gwah!); [Lit. her love].
-
Husband (my) - hegehjih (hay-genh-jeeh); [Lit. my older one, the wise one].
Equivalent to' my better half'.
Husk- ono:nya• (oh-no-nyah!).
Husk (ready for braiding)- ono:nyo:d ( oh-nonh-nyod); [Lit. husks are standing
out]. Ears of com are prepared for braiding by selectively pulling
husks straight out.
Husk (they are preparing for braiding)- hadino:nyo:ta• (haw-deeh-nonh-nyoh
tawh!].
Husk doll- ono:nya• gaya•da• (oh-no-nyah!--gaw-yawh!-dawh!); [Lit. doll of
husk]. Oral Tradition: it is said that the husk doll is faceless because only the
Creator can create a face.
Husk face- gajihsa• (gaw-jeeh-sawh!). [restricted to society members].
Husk salt bottle - yejihke•da:gwa• (yay-jee-kayh!-dah-gwawh!); [Lit. used for
keeping salt in].
Husking com (they) - wadinowi:ya•s (waw-dee-no-wee-yayh!s)
Husking pin-yenowi:yakta• ( yay-no-wee-nyak-tawh!); [Lit. used for husking
com). the husking pin was a wooden stick 1/2 "in diameter about
5" long; pointed at one end and a strip of leather looped at the end, the loop just
enough for the middle finger to firmly hold the pin.
Husk mat- ono:nya• yenisga:gwa• (oh-no-nyawh!--yan-nees-gah-gwah!); [Lit.
used as a mat to lay on].
Husk slippers - ono:nya• gayo:wah (oh-no-nyawh!--gaw-yoh-wah); [Lit. husk-
moccasin].

170
Hurry - go 1geh (goh!-gayh).

- Hurry (you) - desa 1sae:yeh (day-sah!-saeh-yenh); [Lit. you need to rush].
Hurt (I got)- o:gye:h (onh-gyenh).
Hurt (you got) - e:sa:ye:h (ay-saw-yenh).
- Husband and wife - yada:tso: 1 (yaw-daw-chooh!).
--. Husband (her) -gonohgwa 1 (goh-nonh-gwah!); [Lit. her love].
-- Husband (my) - hegehjih (hay-genh-jeeh); [Lit. my older one, the wise one].
Equivalent to' my better half'.
Husk- ono:nya' (oh-no-nyah!).
Husk (ready for braiding) - ono:nyo:d ( oh-nonh-nyod); [Lit. husks are standing
- out]. Ears of com are prepared for braiding by selectively pulling

husks straight out.
Husk (they are preparing for braiding) - hadino:nyo:ta 1 (haw-deeh-nonh-nyoh
tawh!].
Husk doll- ono:nya 1 gaya 1da 1 (oh-no-nyah!--gaw-yawh!-dawh!); [Lit. doll of
......
husk]. Oral Tradition: it is said that the husk doll is faceless because only the
Creator can create a face.
Husk face- gajihsa 1 (gaw-jeeh-sawh!). [restricted to society members].
- Husk salt bottle - yejibke1 da:gwa 1 (yay-jee-kayh!-dah-gwawh!); [Lit. used for

keeping salt in].
- Husking com (they) - wadinowi:ya's (waw-dee-no-wee-yayh!s)

Husking pin - yenowi:yakta 1 ( yay-no-wee-nyak-tawh!); [Lit. used for husking
com). the husking pin was a wooden stick 1/2 "in diameter about
......
5" long; pointed at one end and a strip of leather looped at the end, the loop just
enough for the middle finger to firmly hold the pin.
Husk mat - ono:nya 1 yenisga:gwa 1 (oh-no-nyawh!--yan-nees-gah-gwah!); [Lit.
used as a mat to lay on].
Husk slippers - ono:nya 1 gayo:wah (oh-no-nyawh!--gaw-yoh-wah); [Lit. husk-
moccasin].

Imitator (habitual)- hodeno 1gea:nisgo:h (ho-denh-nonh!-gay-ah-nees-gonh).

Immediacy - deyo1saiyat (day-yoh!-saw-ay-yawt); [Lit. must rush].
Immediately- oneh-shoh-koh (oh-nenh-shonh-koh); [Lit. now-just-and].
Impaled - yowa: 1 (yoh-wawh!); [Lit. stuck on top of].
Impatiently (waiting) - onohdohs (oh-nonh-donhs).
Imperative - ha 1dega:go:n (hawh!-day-gaw-gohn); [Lit. must].
Implements -yeya'dahgwa' (yay-yawh!-dah-gwah!); [Lit. what its used for].
Impossible - ohda:gwad (oh-dawh-gwad); [Lit. failed attempts].
Impolite - do 1 oje:noni:h (doh!-oh-jenh-nonh-neeh); [Lit. it ac�s disrespectful].
Imprisoned- wowohodo:no' (wonh-wonh-hoh-donh-nonh!); [Lit. they went to
close the door on him].
Improper -do 1 ode 1nigosdoh (doh!-oh-denh!-nee-gonhs-donh); [Lit. not doing
things with a good mind], acting disrespectful, being irresponsible.
Improved- ai:ge:h (ah-ee-genh); [Lit. somewhat better].
Improving - tgago:n (tgaw-gohn); [Lit. much better].
In between - no 1dewade 1 (nonh!-day-waw-dayh!].
In the beginning - shondawahsa:we' (shonh-daw-wah-saw-wenh!).
In the way of- nigaye:eh (nee-gaw-yay-enh); [Lit. the way its been done].
In this very place - nege-nogko-dah (nenh-genh--nong-koh--dah) . {C-P}
Inappropriate - do10:wis (doh!-oh-wees); [lit. does not belong, unnecessary].
Inch (1) - joyohga:d (joh-yonh-gahd); [Lit. one thumb knuckle].
Inchworm- do:nya 1kda:ne 1 (doh-nyak-daw-nayh!); [Lit. he's bobbing his neck as
he goes] .
Included (merged)- ha 1 degayeahgoh (hawh!-day-gaw-yay-ah-gonh); [Lit. all put
together].
Included (along)- heyoahje:doh (hay-yo-ah-jay-donh); [Lit. it went along with it].
-
Included (contains)-i:ga: 1 (ee-gawh!); [Lit. its in there].
Includes - ne 1-ha'gwah (nayh!--hah!-gwah); [Lit. its also that]. {C-P}
Incomplete (word) - jodiok (joh-dee-ok); [Lit. the language/issue is not all there].
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as i_n cue; a as in at; e as in end; ii as in on

--. Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary_ 173
-
- Incomplete (lacking)- jono:o• (joh-no-onh!); [Lit. its not all there].
-- Incomplete (short of)- jo:dok (jo-dok); [Lit. its short of].
Incomprehensible- do•o•nigoe:ye:dak (doh!-oh-nee-gonh-enh-yenh-dak); [Lit. the
--. mind can not grasp it].

Incredible - da•aye: 1ne:• (dawh!-awh-yenh!-nayh!); [Lit. it couldn't possibly be].
Increased - ogi:sdoh (oh-gees-donh).
Increased (more) - hejogi:sdoh (hay-joh-gees-donh).
Increased (most) - heyogi:sdoh (hey-yoh-gees-donh).
Increasing - otgi:sdo:je• (oh-tgee-stonh-jayh!); [Lit. its gradually moving ahead].
Increasingly-yotge•o:je• (daw-yoh-tgenh!-onh-jayh!); [Lit. its becoming more].
- Indebted- otgao:d (ot-gaw-od); [Lit. it has more to be paid].

Indecent- de•wade:es (dayh!-waw-day-enhs); [Lit. it has no shame].
'Indian' - No Seneca word. Columbus, upon arriving in the Carribean, thought he
had landed in China in search of a new route to India, he named the people he
saw "los Indios". The Spanish, as well as the Portuguese labeled the indigenous
people of the Americas "Indios", which changed to "Indian", a term applied
-- racially to the entire population of native Nations on the Northern Hemisphere.

'Indian' dice- gasge•ise:do:• ( gahs-genh!-ee-say-donh!). { deer buttons game}
'Indian' flute - ga:ge:da• (gaw-geh-dah!).
'Indian' Hill (Catt. Terr.)- Sgeho:dih (sgenh-hon-dih); [Lit. across the river].
'Indian' Hill longhouse - Sgeho:dih.Hodinohse:s (sgenh-hon-dih--ho-dih-nonh-
says); became extinct generations ago
'Indian' psychic (Bot.)- odekda:gwado• (oh-dayk-dah-gwa-donh!); [Lit. twisted
root]. Used for medicine.
'Indian' squash - onyohsa•oweh (oh-nyonh-sah!-onh-wayh), [Lit. real squash]. One
of the original plants grown on the new Turtle Island.
'Indian' summer - ga•eohje:nenta• (gawh!-gay-oh-jay-nen-tawh!); [Lit. it lays the
.......
grass down]. The brief warm spell after this first snow fall levels the grasses.
'Indian' time - neyowa•geh - (neh-yoh-wawh!-gayh); [Lit. about that time]. Before
-
clocks, natural time was observed by the positions of the sun, moon, stars; by
the natural rhythems of seasons, birds, animal, human and plant life. Words
exist describing daytime according to position of the sun, i.e. ha'dewenishe:h -
midday. "Indian time" has taken a negative connotation in that it implys Native
peoples are slow and late. "Indian time"is based on racial judgement.
Colonialists had clocks and scheduled their lives accordingly, which was in
conflict to the Nation's use of natural time, clocks being foreign as a measure of
time. Hegahgwa:ah (toward the setting sun) could be from 3o'clock toward the
start of the sun setting (depending on season, winter days are shorter).
'Indian' tobacco- oye 1gwa 10:weh (oh-yanh!-gwah!-onh-way); [Lit. real tobacco].
One of the original plants grown on the new Turtle Island.
Indicated - niyo:wo:n (nee-yonh-wo-on); [Lit. it has been scheduled to be].
Indication -0 1 wahjeo:ni 1 (oh!-wah-je-onh-neeh!); [Lit. it manifested itself].
Indicates - ge:doh (genh-donh); [Lit. it means ].
Indifferent - gwa 1 -de 1we:h (gwah!-dayh!-way); [Lit. no interest either way].
Indigestion - onishe:od (oh-nees-hay-od); [Lit. bloat from over eating]. --
Individual (one person)-jogwe1da:d (jonh-gwayh!-dawd).
Individually - sga:sho 1 (sgaw-shonh!); [Lit. one each].
Indoor- ogye:ka: 1 (onh-gyay-kawh!); [Lit. indoor type].
Indoors- ogye:gwa:h (onh-gyay-gwawh); [Lit. toward the inside].
Inexpensive - waje:seh (wah-jay-senh).
Infection (I have an -) - agatgesyo• (ah-gaw-tgenh-shoh!).
Infested (lice) - 0 1no:ste 1s (oh!-nos-denh!-s).
Infinite - ha•deyotgo:n (hawh!-day-yot-gohn); [Lit. gone, never to return].
Informant- ho 1 dwadi:waye:ndog (hoh!-dwa-dee-wah-yehn-dong); [Lit. it told on,
gave information on].
Information - oiwa 1 geh (oh-ee-wawh!-gayh); [Lit. about that issue].
Information (lacking) - ho 1 dwadi:watgai 1 (hoh!-dwaw-dee-wah-gah-eeh!); [Lit.
more about the issue badly needed].
-
t
- Information (with held)- oiwahnosde' (oh-ee-wah-nonhs-dayh!); [Lit. keeping

issue details to itself, secretive].
--. Ingredient- yeyesdahgwa 1 (yay-yays-dawh-gwawh!); [Lit. to add to mixture].

Inhale (you) - e:tsadoisha:je:nto' (enh-chaw-doo-ees-shah-jenh-toh!); [Lit. you
will pull your breath in].
Inherit (you will)-esadadahgwahde' (enh-saw-daw-dawh-gwah-denh!).
- Inheritance (you got)-esadadahgwahde1 (ayh-saw-daw-dwah-gwah-denh!).
Inn - hadiyo1dahgwa 1 (haw-dee-yonh!-dawh-gwawh!); [Lit. a place to stop in].
Inner bark- ohga:a: 1 (oh-gaw-ah).
- Inner body- gaya 1dago:h (gaw-yah!-daw-gonh); [Lit. inside the body].

Innocence (his)- hohdohi:yeh (hoh-donh-hee-yanh); [Lit. he's denying any blame].
Innocence (lost) - gosgo1 oh (goh-sgoh!-onh); [Lit. she's no longer pure].
Innocent - do 1 oi:wa:e 1 (doh!-oh-ee-wah-ayh!), [Lit. no word of blame].
Insane - owenoih (oh-wen-no-eeh).
Insane asylum - hodiweno:ineh (hoh-dee-wenh-noh-eeh-nayh).
....... Insect infested - oji 1nowoganyas (oh-jeeh!-nonh-wonh-gaw-nyaws); [Lit. its being
-
.....
bitten by insects].
Insect - ji 1no:h (ieeh!�nonh).
- Insect (English term unknown)� onya:a 1 (oh-nyah-ah!).
Insect (English term unknown) - wadenyanya 1s (wah-denh-nyaw-nyah!-s).
Insects & Worm life- oji 1nowo1sho'oh (oh-jeeh!-nonh-wonh!-shonh!-onh).
Insert (you)- sawe:ta:h (saw-way-tah).
Inserted - wawe:tahoh (waw-way-tawh-hoh); [Lit. put in between].
-- Inserted message -gaiwawe:tahoh (guy-waw-way-taw-honh).

Inserted song - gaenowe:tahoh (guy-nonh-way-taw-honh). restricted to Society
members.
Inside - o:gyeh (onh-gyay).
Inside out (its -) - gagahatweh (gaw-gaw-haw-twenh).
- Inside out (you tum it -)- segahahtoh (say-gaw-haw-toh).
-,
-
..- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on
ONONDOWA'GA:' GA WE:NO'
Inside out (turn it back)- sasegaha:toh (saw-say-gaw-haw-toh).

Insignificant- niyoiwa'a:a (nee-yoh-ee-wawh!-ah); [Lit. small matter, pettiness].
Instead of- ni-yo'deh-neh (nee-yoh!-denh--nayh). { C-P}
Issue (at hand)- oiwa'geh (oh-eeh-wah!-gayh).
Issue (unscheduled)- o'wadiwaye:ndog (oh!waw-dee-wawh-yan-dong); [Lit. that
issue took over].
Insufficient- jodokda,oh (ioh-dok-dawh!-onh); [Lit. a lack of ].
Insulated (walls)- degehsane:d (day-genh-saw-nayd); [Lit. layered walls].
Insult - ganohgodasha' (gah-nonh-gon-daws-shah!); [Lit. meant to defame].
Insulted (I- him)- waehnohgo:de 1 (waw-ayh-nonh-gon-denh!); [Lit. I abused·
him].
Insulted (they- me)- woknohgondo:nyo: 1 (wonh-knoh-gon-doh-nyonh!); they
each abused me].
Insults - ganohgondasha' (gah-nonh-gon-daws-shah!).
Intellect - ga'nigohdasha1 (gawhl-nee-gonh-daws-hah!); [Lit. sensible mind].
Intelligent - 0 ni:gon (oh!-nee-gon); [Lit. sensible].
1
Intensely focused- 0 1nigo:wi:h (oh!-nee-goh-weeh).

Intentionally (I did)- tiwahgehdoh (tee-waw-gayh-donh); [Lit.I did it on purpose].
Interesting (visually)- otsi 1wa:d (oh-cheeh!-wawd); [Lit. to look at intently].
Interfere - o'wadeye'hid (oh!-waw-day-yenh!-heed).
Interference - odeye 1hi:doh (oh-day-yenh!-heeh-donh).
Interpretation (word) - degaiwahtetdoh (day-gaw-eeh-wah-tayt-donh); [Lit. the
word has been brightened]
Interpreter- haiwadogesta' (haw-eeh-wah-doh-gens-tawh!); [Lit. he straightens
the words].
Interpreter (my)- agaohda' (awh-gaw-oh-dawh!; [Lit. my ear].
Interrogating (him) - howoihwa:dahgwas ( honh-wo-eeh-wawh-dawh-gwas); [Lit.
they are taking the words out of him].
Interrupted fern- osje 1sa' (ohs-jayh!-sah!).

177
- Interrupts - degaiwawe:nyeh (day-gaw-eeh-waw-wenh-nyeh); [Lit. it stirs up the

-
-..
words].
Intersection- dewata:'se:' (day-waw-tawh!-seh!); [Lit. where one road crosses
- over the other].

Interval (space)-·no'dewa:de 1 (nonh!-day-waw-dayh!); [Lit. space between
objects].
Interval (time)- wo'o:tad (woh!-oh-tad); [Lit. a bit of time in between].
--. Intersection- dewata:'se:' (day-waw-tawh!-sayh!); [Lit. a road crosses another].
Intestine (lg.) (Anat.)- oksoyowa:nes (ohk-sonh-yoh-waw-nenhs).
- Intestine (sm) (Anat.)- neyoksowe 1sa:a (nay-yok-sonh-wenh!s-aah).

Intestine - okso:we' (ohk-sonh-wenh!).
Introduced (issue)- tgaiwahge:sgweh (tgaw-eeh-wawh-gays-gwenh); [Lit. the
issue has been raised up].
Investigate (I will -)- e:gekdo:no 1 (enh-gayg-donh-nyonh!); [Lit. I will test things].
- Investigation- o'gai:washe: 1 (oh!-gaw-eeh-waws-hayh!); [Lit. it chased the issue].

Investigator (he) - haihwihsa:s (haw-eeh-weeh-saws); [Lit. he's searching for
words].
--
- Invisible- do 10:ge 1t (doh!-oh-genh-t); Lit. unable to be seen].
Invited - wajahsweh (waw-jaws-wenh).
Invitation - wajaswas (waw-jaws-waws).
Invitation stick- ganyo 1sga:1 (gaw-nyoh!-sgah!); [Lit. notches]. a short
slender 2" stick, decorated with beads, and with as many notches as days was a
- notification of a meeting at the Grand Council of Chiefs. The chiefs at

Onondaga, determined the date and sent the sticks by runners to each of the
other confereate Nations. Upon arrival at Onondaga, each Nation returned the
sticks, and voiced their home Nation's peoples' greetings.
Invites (she)- yonjaswas (yohn-jaws-waws).
Invite (you -) - sajahshoh (saw-jaws-hoh).
Iron - ganyo 1sha 1 (gaw-nyoh!-shah!); [Lit metal].
- a e o
- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; as in at; as in end; as in on
Iron ware ,,,- ganyo'sha' (gaw-nyoh!-shah!).

Iron - yeisdahwhahta' (yay-ees-dah-whah-tawh!); [Lit. used for ironing].
Iron (I will) - egisda:ho' (enh-gees-dah-hoh!).
Ironing board- yeisdahwhahta' (yay-ees-dah-whah-tawh!).
Ironwood - gasno:ne:' (gaws-nonh-nenh!).
Iron worker- hanyo'shaeha' (haw-nyonh!-shah-ayh-hawh!); [Lit. he puts on the
Irons].
Iroquois - No Seneca word. A derogatory French corruption of an Algonkian word,
meaning 'black snake'. There has never been an 'Iroquois' tribe, nation, or
Confederacy. 'Iroquois' was applied to the 5 nations of the Hodinohso:ni'
including the Wyandot, Cherokee, Erie, and Nanticoke in the 17th and
18th centuries for the linguistic convenience of the colonists.
Irritation- oyohgwat (oh-yonh-gwat); [Lit. itchy].
Irritating- joswa:'de:' (iohs-swah!-dayh!); [Lit. agitating the ribs].
Irving, NY- Jogeo•ja:e• (joh-gay-oh!-jaw-eeh!); Lit. grassy there].
Island- gaweno:d (gaw-way-nod).
Is it ? - ne'dih? (nayh!-deeh). {CP}
Is that so? - doges? (doh-gays).
Is - e' (enh!). {old term}
It, it's- ne' (neh!). {C-P}
It- a:ho• (aw-honh!). Objective Pronoun
Its- o:weh (oh-wenh). Possessive Pronoun
It appears it is- ne'-e'-noh (neh!-anh!-nonh). { C-P}
It can't be- nah-koh-da'a:oh (nawh-koh-dawh!-ah-onh) . {C-P}
It includes also- ne•-ha'gwah (nayh!-hah!-gwah). {C-P}
It is not that - nah-de'ne:' (nawh-dayh!-nayh!) . {C-P}
It is true that- doges-se•eh-nah (do-geys--senh!enh--nah). {C-P}
It doesn't help- de-wadesta' (dayh!-waw-days-tawh!).
It may- ne'-gi'sheh (nayh!-geeh!-shenh). {C-P}

179
It must- ne 1-ha 1dega:go:n (nayh!-hawh!-day-gaw-gon). {C-P}

It must have been - ge -noh (genh!-nonh). {C-P}
1
It seems- a:ye: 1 (aw-yenh!). {C-P}

It still is ..- ahsoh-nah (awh-sonh--nah). {C-P}
It should come back- ne 1-dodawe 1 (nayh!-donh-daw-wayh!). {C-P}
---. It should reverse- dodawahge:d (donh-daw-wah-gayd).
It was at that time - ne 1-ho:weh (nayh!-honh-wayh). {C-P}
It was just then - jogwa 1oh-shoh (jonh-gwah!-onh--shonh).. {C-P}
-- It was meant to be- ne 1-we 1oh (nayh!-wayh!-onh). {C-P}

Its also- ne 1 -ha 1 gwah (nayh!- hah!-gwah). {C-P}
Its at least- ne 1 -tgago:n (nayh!- tgaw-gon). {C-P}
Its because- ne 1 -hehgowah (nayh!- hayh-go-wawh). {C-P}
- Its been said- ne 1-gyo 1oh (nayh!-gyonh!-onh). {C-P}
Its enough- ha 1degayei 1 (hawh!-day-gaw-yay-eeh!).
Its far too..- ne 1-so 1jih (nayh!- soh!-jeeh). {C-P}
-
-
-...
Its for certain- ne 1-se 1 eh (nayh!-senh!-enh). {C-P}
Its gone forever- ha 1deyotgo:n (hay-yoh-tgon).
-- Its gone on- heyohdehjo:h (hay-yoh-denh-jonh).

Its hot- 0 1dai:ye:h (oh!-dah-ee-yenh) .
- Its hot (weather)- 0 1daiya 1doh (oh!-dah-ee-yawh!-donh).
Its how-dane:1 (daw-nayh!). {C-P}
Its in the way - odeye1hihdoh (oh-day-yenh!-hih-donh).
Its in those times- ne 1 -ho:weh-sho 1 (nayh!-honh-wayh-shonh!). {C-P}
Its just only- ne1 -waih-shoh (nayh!-waw-ee-shonh). {C-P}
Its just that - ne 1 -sho-heh (nayh!-shonh-hayh). {C-P}
Its likely- ne 1 -noh (nayh!-nonh). {C-P}
- Its my thought- ne1 -iwi (nayh!-ee-wee). {C-P}
Its pointless- ka 1-gowa:h (kawh!-go-wawh). {C-P}
- Its possible- ne 1-noh (nayh!--nonh). {C-P}

Its rather- ne 1-se 1eh-gwas (nayh!--senh!--gwas). {C-P}

Its rumored- gyiViih (gyonh!-onh).
Its said - gyiViih (gyonh!-onh).
Its scary - ohjon (oh-jon).
Its time-heyoeh (hay-yoh-ayh).
Its that- ne 1 -higeh (nayh!--hee-genh). {C-P}
Its that again- ne1-na:e 1 (nayh!-naw-ayh!). {C-P}
Its that kind- ne 1-na 1 0:d (nayh!-nawh!-od). { C-P}
It's the reason- ne 1-gaiyonih (nayh!-gaw-yonh-neeh). {C-P}
Its there - ne 1hoh (nayh!-hoh). {C-P}
Its this way- ne 1-niyo 1de:h (nayh!-nee-yoh!-denh). {C-P}
Its understood (got it!)- ne 1-waih ! (nayh!-wah-eeh). {C-P}
Its unknown-di 1gwah-noh (deeh!-gwawh--nonh) {C-P}
Its usually- ne 1-ge:s (nayh!-genhs). {C-P}
Italian - Gaehdo 1ya 1 (gaw-anh-doh!-yah!).
Itchy - oyohgwat (oh-yonh-gwat).
J
Jj - 4th consonant in the Seneca Alphabet, pronounces as j, as in jam, jump
Jack rabbit- todaye:n (tonh-dah-yan).
Jack stick- ga:yaga' (gaw-yaw-gah!), an old-time game.
Jacket - gashowesha1 (gahs-ho-ways-hah!); [Lit. worn to cover body with].
Jack-in-the-pulpit - ge:osha• (genh-onh-shah!); [Lit. hooded].
Jail - howodihodohgwa 1geh (hoh-woh-dee-ho-donh-gwah!-gayh); [Lit. where
they close the doors on them].
Jam- gaji:ya:te 1 doh (gaw-j�e-yah-tayh!-donh); [Lit. mashed fruit].
January moon - Nisgawakneh (nees-gaw-wak-nayh).
Jar- gashe1 da 1 (gaws-hayh!-dawh!).
Jaundiced- gojitgweo:nye:h (go-jeet-gway-oh-nyay); [Lit. her appearance shows
the color of a bile symtorn].

Jaw (Anat.) - oyo•ha• (oh-yoh!-hawh!).

Javelin- ga1hnya1 (gawh!-nyawh!); [Lit. sharp ended stick].
Jealous - o•no:she:h (oh!-nos-henh); [Lit. its envious].
Jealous (possessiveness)- gosheyeoh (gos-hay-ye-onh); [Lit. she is jealous of
someone regarding her signifigant other].
Jealousy- howoshe:ya: 1seh (honh-wonhs-hay-yah!-she); [Lit. she jealously
accuses him of some other woman].
Jealous - wa1eshe:yeohgo 1 (wah!-ays-hay-yah-onh-goh!); [Lit. she spoke and acted
out her jealousy].
Jerk it (you) - dasaje:twad (daw-saw-jenh-twad); [Lit. you pull it with a jerk].
Jesus- Shagaohe:das (Shaw-gah-onh-hay-das); [Lit. He restores their life].
- Jewel weed {Bot.} - aweoniyo:n (aw-wenh-onh-nee-yon); [Lit. hanging flowers].

Jigohsase: 1 (iee-gonh-saw-sayh); [Lit. she has a new face]. The Peacemaker spoke
to her of his plan for peace among nations, to stop the blood feuds, and told her
-- she should stop her part in supporting warriors jouming to battle. When she
heard his message of peace and embraced it, he told her she had a new face,
her name was now Jigohsase:'.
Jimersontown (Alleg. Rez.)- Jonya:dih (Jonh-nyah-dih); [Lit.other side of the
- Swale]. Prior to the Kinzua relocation, Jimersontown was known as Shongo.
Job-hunting (I am) - geha1tsihsa:s (gay-hah!-chee-saws).
Job-hunting (you are) - seha•tsihsa:s (say-hah!-chee-saws).
Joe pyeweed {Bot.} - sha1dewaweode 1 (shah!-day-waw-weh-onh-dayh! [flowers
lie even].
--. Join (you)- saja•da:eh (saw-jawh!-daw-enh); [Lit. put yourself in].
Join together (you)- desa•ho:deh (day-sawh!-hohn-denh); [Lit. you put together].
Joking (he is) - hodesgatgwa 1doh (ho-days-gawt-gwah!-donh); [Lit. he's laughing
and amusing himself with it].
Jovial (they are)- hodiwenno:we•s (ho-dee-wen-no-wayh!s); [Lit. they are
humorous].
.....
ONONDOWA'GA:'· GAWE:NO'
Judge- daya,doweta, (dah-yah!-doh-way-tawh!); [Lit. he considers].

Judgement day- wenihsyowa:neh (wan-nee-shoh-waw-nenh); [Lit. the big day].
Judge's decision - waihwae,hed (wah-ee-wah-anh!-hayd); [Lit. he ended the
process]
Jug - gashe'da' (gahs-hayh!-dah!); [Lit. hive like].
Juicy fruit- one:ga:d (oh-nay-gawd), [Lit. watery].
July moon -Saisgekneh (sga-ees-gayk-neyh)
Jumbled - dega'nonta:' (day-gawh!-non-tawh!).
Jumbles (he) - dea'nonta:ha' (day-ah!-non-taw-hawh!).
Jump (you) -deseno'sgwak (day-sen-nonh!-sgwak).
Jumped- ho'teno'sgwak (hoh!-tenh-nonh!-sgwak); [Lit. he jumped].
Jumped down (it)- dondaweno:'sgwen (don-dah-wen-nonh!-sgwen).
Jumping (it is)-deyono'sgo:jo:h (day-yoh-nonh!-sgon-jonh).
June bug- ge'dagahadenya'ta' (genh!-dah-gaw-haw-day-nyah!-tawh!); [Lit. it rolls
the feces around].
June moon-Yaikneh (yah-eek-neh); [Lit. when berries ripen].
June mullet- gaisdowa'go:wa:h (gah-ees-doh-wah!-go-wah).
June pink - ojigwe'da' (oh-jee-gwenh!-dawh!).
Juneberry- ha'doh (hah!-donh). The time to plant white com.
Juror (selected) - howodinihsyo:d (honh-wonh-dee-neeh-showd); [Lit. they have
seated them].
Jurors' conclusion - nodi'nigoehweh (no-deeh!-nee-go-eh-wanh); [Lit. how they
presented the result of their minds].
Jury - deadiya'dowe:ta' (day-ah-dee-yah!-doh-way-tawh!); [Lit. they deliberate].
Just- shoh (s-honh). {C-P}
Just all over-yo'jih-shoh (yoh!-jeeh--s-honh). { C-P}
Just any time- ganyo'-shoh-niyowa,geh (gah-nyoh!--s-honh--nee-yoh-wah!-geh).
{C-P}
Just never mind - awe'ojeh-shoh (ah-wayh!-onh-jayh). {C-P}

......
--..
Just shortly- jigwas-noh-nah-shoh (iee-gwas--nonh--nah--s-honh). { C-P}

Just whatever - ganyo1-nah-shoh (gaw-nyoh!--nah--s-honh). { C-P}
Just when - ganyo•-shoh (gaw-nyoh!--s-honh). { C-P}
K
Kk - 5th consonant in the Seneca Alphabet, pronounced as k, as in Kate, kite
-- Kadydid- jisga:ga:d (iees-gah-gad).
Kangaroo- aogehsyo:n (ah-onh-gays-shon); [Lit. it has a pocket].
Kayasuta (Gaw-yah-son:ta'); (Seneca;) 1722-1794; born along the Genesee River,
he was the maternal uncle of Handsome lake.He tried to maintain neutrality in
the American Revolution, but reluctantly joined the majority of Senecas to ally
--.. with the British. He was a chief in the Ohio Confederacy. In his later years he
was known as more an orator than a warrior. Gayahsonta' died of small pox
.......
in 1794.
Keep (I will) - egadi:yog (anh-gaw-dee-yong); [Lit. I will (take) and not give it
up].
Keep (I will) - egyo:go' (anh-hyonh-goh!); [Lit. I will accept it].
Kettle hook - ahahsha1 (awh-awh-s-hah!).
Kettle (Indian) - gano1 ja1 0:weh (gaw-nonh!-jawh!-onh'-wayh); [Lit. real
pail/kettle].
Kettle (large)- gano•jasde:• (gaw-nonh!-jaws-danh!); [Lit. large pail/kettle].
Key - yehodogwa 1shagwa:ta1 (ye-ho-doh-gwah!-shah-gwah-tawh!); [Lit. used for
opening a door].
Key (turned to unlock) - 01 gehodogwa1shadase1 (oh!-geh-ho-doh-gwah!-shah-dah
sayh!); [Lit. I turned the key].
Kicking- wesentwas (wanh-sen-twas); [Lit. it kicks].
Kidnapped - gaya1dadisgwahdoh (gaw-yawh!-daw-dees-sgwah-donh); [Lit. taken
someone away by force].
Kidney (Anat.)- ohgwe1no1 (oh-gwayh!-nonh!).
Killed (I)- 01gajo:0 1 (oh!-gah-jo-onh!); [Lit. I murdered].

Killed (him self)- hodadi:yo:h (ho-daw-dee-yoh); [Lit. he took his own life].
Killed (himself)- hodohnya 1goh (ho-doh-nyah!-gonh) [Lit. he cut his breath], old
Seneca term.
Killbuck-Seneca name unknown- lived near Great Valley Creek in early 19th
century. Killbuck is said to have been a chief, chieftain name is unknown..
Killbuck. NY -Jo 1sgwa:dase:h (joh!-sgwa-daw-say); [Lit. it goes around stone]
An Erie Railroad depot was named Killbuck in 1852. Killbuck is a village laid
out by US Commissioners in 1875. The burial mounds west of the railroad
crossings at the mouth of Great Valley Creek indicate far earlier settlements.
This area was reserved from lease in 1877, however the mounds have been
descrated.
Killdeer- disdowi 1 (dees-dow-weeh!).
Kin - wadeno:gsho 1 (waw-den-nong-shonh!).
Kinship - gano:gsha' (gaw-nong-shah!).
Kind (type)- na 1 0:d (nah!-od).
...
Kind-(he is- to us)- sho:gwende:s (shonh-gwen-danhs).
Kindling wood- oyendate:h (oh-yen-dah-tenh); [Lit. dry wood].
Kindness- adani:deosha 1 (ah-den-nih-denh-onh-shah!).
King- howehgowa:h (ho-wenh-go-wawh); [Lit. he claims everything], early
explorers and Europeans came to the "new world" and claimed land in the
names of their kings.
King bird - degasenodahgwe' (day-gawh-sen-nonh-dawh-gwenh!).
Kingfisher- ta:sa:h (taw-sah).
-
Kinky hair- deyotsM:h (day-yot-cheeh!-ee); [Lit. tangled].
Kinship- ganogsha 1 (gaw-nong-shah!).
Kinsmen- sho:dinohsa:d (s-ho-dee-nonh-sawd); [Lit.they are of the same house].
Kinzua, PA - Tgehjowa: 1 (tgenh-joh-wawh!); [Lit. fish on a spear].
Kinzua Dam - Tgehjowa: 1 Dwa'swa:do' (tgenh-joh-wawh!--dwawh!-swaw
donh!). In the 20th century, Senecas' restored landholdings from the
Key: a. as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

-
-
- 'Compromise Treaty' of 1842 saw an addititional 9000 acres of fertile land
- flooded for the construction of the Kjnzua Dam in 1965, in direct violation of
- the Canadaigua Treaty of 1794, under the US authority of "eminent domain".

Kissing - dewadadegwayohnyoh (day-waw-daw-day-gwa-yoh-nyonh); [Lit. on
-- one another's lips].

Kitchen- yekonya•ta•geh (yay-konh-nyah!-tawh!-geh); [Lit. cooking place].
- Kneading - yodedoegta 1 (yonh-denh-doh-ayg-tawh!); [Lit. making it denser].
-
- Knee (Anat.) - ohsha• (onhs-hawh!).
Knee (on my-)--go:sha•geh (goh-s-hawh!-geh).
Knee pants- neyohsinoka:a (nay-yoh-see-nong-aah); [Lit. short legged].
-- Kneeling (one knee) -deyodosho:d (day-yoh-donh-s-hod).

Kneeling (both knees)- deyodosho:do 1 (day-yoh-donh-s-ho-donh!).
- Knick knacks- do:oatsho•oh (doh!-oh-ad-s-honh!-onh); [Lit. unessential items].
Knife- gaganya•sha 1 (gaw-gaw-nyah!-s-hah!).
..... Knock (I will - on door) - e:gehoa•e:g (enh-gay-hoh-ah!-ayg).

Knock (you - on door) - sehoa 1e:g (sawh-ho-ah!-ayk).
Knock (on door) - dagahoa 1e:g (dah-gaw-ho-ah-ayk); [Lit. a knock at the door].
Knocking (at door) - johoa•e:h (jo-ho-ah!-ay).
Knocking ice- weniyo 1da 1ehsyoh (wen-nee-yonh!-dawh!-ayh-s-hoh); [Lit. sharp
cracking noise made by ice from extreme cold].
Knoll- ogowode• (oh-go-won-dayh!).
--- Knot- ganosgwe:od (gaw-nonh-sgway-od).
Knot (you/s make a knot)- snosgweo:deh (snoh-sgway-oh-denh).
Knot (you/s undo the knot) - snosgweo:da:goh (snoh-sgway-oh-daw-goh).
Knotted- deganosgweo1ko• (day-gaw-noh-sgway-oh!-konh!).
L
Labor - gaihyoada:sha 1 (guy-yoh!-daws-hah!); [Lit. work].
Labor force - henojo 1da:s (henh-nonh-joh!-daws); [Lit. workers].
- Labor pain - geoyage:sha 1 (genh-onh-yaw-genhs-hah!); [Lit. suffering].

Laced - dega•hosha:on (day-gawh!-haws-haw-ohn); [Lit. its laced].

Lacking- jono:o• (joh-noh-onh!).
Lacrosse - dewa•e:o• (day-wawh!-enh-onh!); [Lit. netting on it).
Lacrosse, said to be the Creator's game, has ceremonial, medicinal, and
religious meaning. The playing of lacrosse is said to promote life. This medicine
game was played to help lift the spirit of then ailing Handsome lake at
Onondaga; where he died shortly afterward, in 1815. The game of lacrosse is
also played for fun, physical fitness, to sharpen teamwork skills, and spiritual
development.
Lacrosse stick- dewa•e:o• (day-wawh!-enh-onh!); [Lit. netting on it].
Ladder - ga'tesha' (gah!-tenhs-hah!); [Lit. used for climbing up on].
Ladle - ado:gwa•sha' (ah-doh-gwawh!-shah!); [Lit. used for dipping into].
Ladle, big- ado:gwa'syo:waneh (ah-doh-gwah!-showh-waw-nenh).
Ladle, small - newado:gwa•sha,a:a (nay-waw-doh-gwah!-shah!-aah).
Lady slipper- gwe'gonye' ohdahgwa' (gwenh!-goh-nyenh!--oh-dah-gwah!); [Lit.
a whip-poor-will's shoe].
Laid (eggs) - odehse' (oh-dayh-senh!); [Lit. it has laid eggs].
Lake - ganyodae1 (gaw-nyoh-dah-ayh!).
Lamb - no 1 geodc>'i:ih (nonh!-geh-onh-donh!-onh).
Lamp - gaji:sta 1 (gaw-jees-dawh!); [Lit. light, ember]
Lamprey - gasgwe 1da:h (gaw-sgwenh!-dah).
Land - yoe:ja' (yonh-anh-jawh!).
Land (it will) - dege 1jo:ndat (denh-genh!-john-dawt).
Lands (it) - dege'jo:nda's (day-genh!-john-dawh!-s).
Landed (it)- ho'tge,jo:ndat (hoh!-tgenh!-john-dawt).
Landed (it has) - deyo•jonda'oh (day-yoh!-john-dawh!-onh).
Landed (when dropped) - ho'gaye:dat (hoh!-gaw-yenh-dawt].
Lap (on my)- ko'a'geh (koh!-ah!-gayh).
Lard- o:no' (oh-nonh!). This Seneca term applies to all types of oils.

-
187
-
Large house- ganohsasde:' (gaw-noh-saws-denh!)
- Large snapping turtle - ganyahde:gowa:h (gah-nyah-denh-goh-wawh).
- Large - gowaneh (goh-waw-nenh).

Laryngitis (I have) - o'gwe:nohdo'oh (aw-gwen-nonh-donh!-onh); [Lit. I have lost
my voice].
Laryngitis (you have) - sa:wenohdo'oh (saw-wen-nonh-donh!-onh); [Lit. you have
lost your voice].
- Larynx (Anat.) - gawenoda:gwa' (gaw-wen-noh-gawh-gwah!); [Lit. holds the
voice].
Last (end of) - heyo:dok (hay-yoh-dok); [Lit. at the end].
...... Last (he was) - wo:li:k (woh-ah-k).
Last (it was) - wo 10:ii:k (woh!-oh-ah-k).
- Last (one) - hesga:go:n (hays-gaw-gohn).
Lasted (it) - o'gagasdeh (oh!-gaw-gaws-denh).
Lasted (me)- o:gega:sdeh (onh-gay-gawhs-denh).
- Lasting - gaga:sde' (gaw-gaws-dayh!).
-· Last supper - hesga:go:n dohsae:nondo:n (hays-gaw-gohn--donh-saw-enh-non-

dohn); [Lit. they ate together for the last time].
Late (I am) - agya'da:goh (aw-gyawh!-dah-gonh).
Late (you are) - saya'da:goh (saw-yawh!-d·h-gonh).
Late (we will be) - ejo:gwaya'dahgo:je' (enh-jonh-gwah-yawh!-dah-gonh-jayh!).
......
....... Late (she is being) - goya'dahgo:je' (goh-yawh!-dah-gonh-jayh!).
Late afternoon- hegahgwa'a:neh (hay-gah-gawh!-aw-nayh);[Lit. toward the less
sun], approximately between 3 and 5p.m., depending on the season.
Lately - do'onehjih (doh!-oh-nenh-jeeh); [Lit. not that long ago].
Lateness - o:ya'da:gohsha' (oh-yawh!-dah-gonh-shah!).
Later- jigwas-ya:e' Gee-gwas--yaw-ayh!); [Lit. put off til later] { C-P}
- Laughable - osga:tgwat (ohs-gawh-tgwat); [Lit. it makes you laugh]
Laughed (at them) - wowodisga:tgweh (wonh-wonh-dees-gawt-gwenh).
-
Laughing (you are -)- sesga:tgwes (says-gaw-tgwenhs).

Laundromat - yodenowae1hosta1 (yonh-denh-noh-wah-eyh!-honhs-tawh!]; [Lit.
place where they do the washing].
Laundry soap - yodenowae 1 hogwa1 onowa 1sha 1 (yonh-denh-noh-waw-eyh!-honh-
gwah!--oh-noh-wah!-shah!); [Lit. soap for washing] .
Law - gayanesha' (gaw-yaw-nays-hah!); [Lit. far reaching effect].
Law (becomes -)-0 1wadohe:d (oh!-waw-donh-hayd); [Lit. it became alive].
Law, Great - Gayanesha 1go:wa:h (gaw-yaw-nays-hah!-goh-wawh).
Lawless - de 1gayaneshaye 1 (dayh!-gaw-yaw-nays-hah-yenh!).
Lawn mower - gageo 1ji:ya 1s (gaw-gay-oh!-jee-yawh!s); [Lit. it cuts grass].
Lawn mower (push)- deyohjaha 1 gageo1 ji:ya 1s (day-yonh-jaw-hawh!--gaw-gay
oh!-jee-yawh!s); [Lit. push type grass cutter].
Lawn mower (riding)- go 1se:ta 1 gageo 1 ji:ya 1s (goh!-sayh-tawh!--gaw-gay-oh!
jee-yawh!s); [Lit. riding type grass cutter]
Lawsuit - waeno:janesha:di:yo' (wah-enh-noh-jaw-nays-hah-dee-yoh!); [Lit. they
are fighting the laws].
Lawyer- daiwagehas (daw-eeh-waw-gayh-haws); [Lit. he argues].
Lawyer's summary- saiwe:ko: 1 (saw-eeh-way-konh!); [Lit. he regathers up the
words].
Laxative- ehda 1ge:weta 1 (ayh-dawh!-gay-way-tawh!). [Lit. sends it down].
Layer (single)- sgagehda:d (sgaw-denh-dad).
Layer (double)- dewaja 1se: 1 (day-wah-jawh!-sayh!); [Lit. one over the other].
Layer (remove a layer)- ga:gehdeoh (gaw-denh-deh-onh).
Layered - gaya 1syo 1 (gaw-yawh!-shonh!); [Lit. stacked one over the other].
Layering-degano 1ne:d (day-gaw-nonh!-nayd); [Lit. one below the other].
Layers (hens) - wenode:seo 1 (wenh-nonh-dayh-senh-onh!); [Lit. they lay eggs].
Laying eggs - wadehseo 1 (waw-dayh-senh-onh!); [Lit. its laying eggs].
Laying - ga:yashe' (gaw-yaws-henh!); [Lit. a (person or animal) is in a reclining
position].

-- · Laying (about)- ga:geo' (gaw-gay-onh!); [Lit. scattered].

Laying (here)- ga:ye' (gaw-yenh!); [Lit. an object setting on a surface here].
Laying (there) - hehga:ye1 (hay-gaw-yenh!); [Lit. object setting on a surface there].
Laying (flat) - ga:dehda: 1 (gaw-denh-dawh!).
- Lazy - ono 1seh (oh-nonh!-sayh); [Lit. it is lazy].

Lead dancer (female)- yee:de 1 (yay-enh-dayh!); [Lit.first female dancer in line].
Lead dancer (male)- hae:de 1 (haw-enh-dayh!); [Lit. first male dancer in line].
Lead (in the -)- gae:de1 (gaw-ehn-dayh!); [Lit. it is in the lead].
- Lead (metal)- ono1da: 1 (oh-nonh!-dah!).
- Leader (he is -)- hae:de 1 (haw-ehn-dayh!); [Lit. he is in a leader's position].

Leader (our)- shedwahse:no' (shay-dwah-senh-nonh!); [Lit. hes our
- representative].
Lead on the end - ga:nego:a 1 (gaw-nay-goh-ah!). Refers to a snow snake's nose.
-
......
Leading- oendo:h (oh-enh-donh); [Lit. ahead, up front].
Leaf - onehda1 (oh-nenh-dawh!).
-
- Leaf rake- ganehde:kta' gaw-nenh-dayg-tawh!); [Lit. it gathers leaves].
-
......
Leaf (changing) - dewahsohgwade:nyohs (day-wah-daw-soh-gwa-day-nyonhs);
[Lit. when leaves change their color].
- League - honenijohgo:d (hoh-nenh-nee-joh-goad); [Lit. a standing organization].
League of Six Nations - Hodinohso:ni1 (Hoh-dee-nonh-sonh-neeh!).
Leak (will)- eyo:ka 1 (enh-yoh-kawh!); [Lit. it will drip].
Leaking- yo:kas (yoh-kaws); [Lit. dripping].
Leaked (had)-yo:kasgwa 1 (yoh-kaws-gwawh!); [Lit. it used to drip].
Lean (thin)- 01 neyate:h (oh!-nay-yaw-tenh); [Lit. its bones are dry].
Lean (you lean your body against)- saja 1da1dih (saw-jawh!-dawh!-deeh).
Lean-to- wasgwa:de1 (wahs-gaw-dayh!).
Leaned (against)- 01 ga1gae:h (oh!-gah!-gaw-enh); [Lit. it leaned up against].
Leaned (I had- it )- a:ga1dioh [I leaned it up against ].
Learning- gaye 1he 1 s (gaw-yenh!-hayh!s); [Lit. its learning].
......

Learns fast- oye1he 1sgo:h (oh-yenh!-hayh!s-gonh); [Lit. it learns quickly].

Leatha! injection- wowonohgwa'syonda:h (wonh-wonh-nonh-gwah!-shohn-dah);
[Lit. they put a medicine in him].
Leather - ge:noh (genh-nonh).
Leatherwood - otgesyo 1da1 (oat-genh-showh!-dawh!).
Leavened - gahsa:doh (gaw-sah-donh).
Leave (you - it)- satgah (saw-tgawh); [Lit. you let it go].
Leaves (it)- watga 1was (waw-tgawh!-was); [Lit. it lets it go].
Leaves, great black- onehdaji,go:wah (oh-nenh-dawh-jeeh!-goh-wawh).
Leaving (they are)- eno:do 1ne:g (enh-nonh-donh!-nayg).
Leavings- odahdeo:nyo'sho1 (oh-daw-denh-onh-nyonh!-shonh!); [Lit. leftovers].
Leeks - 0 1nohsowa:nehs (oh-nonh-soh-waw-nenhs); [Lit. big onion/bulbs].
-
Left (direction)- hogwagwah (hoh-gwaw-gwawh); [Lit. that way].
Left (remaining)- o:dadeoh (oh-daw-denh-onh).
Left handed- gatgwa:dih (gaw-tgwaw-deeh).
Left out - hodiya 1dagohsota 1 (hoh-dee-yawh!-daw-gonh-soh-tawh!); [Lit. these
persons are left remaining].
Left side- jotgwa:di:gwa:h Got-gwaw-dee-gwah); [Lit. the opposite side].
Left (temporarily)- wadahgwaye1 (waw-daw-gwa-yenh!).
Left (things there)- hotga1ho (hoh-tgawh!-hoh!);. [Lit. he left things there].
1
Leftovers - odadeonyo 1 sho 1 (oh-daw-denh-onh-nyonh!-shonh!-onh); [Lit. bits of].

Leg (Anat)- ohsino 1 (oh-see-nonh!).
Leg (one over the other)- deyotsino 1se: 1 (day-yoh-chee-nonh!-sayh!);
Leg bands - yotsinohosta1 (yonh-chee-nonh-honhs-tawh!); [Lit. used around the
legs].
Leg bone (decayed) - 0 1 neyatge:h (oh!-nay-yaw-tgenh). Oral Tradition: it is said to
be one of four evils brought from across the salt waters to bring disease and
death, crumbling the bones of the native people.
Leg cramps- 0 1watsinogwi: 1 (oh!-wah-chee-nonh-gweeh!); [Lit. it got leg cramps].

-- Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 191
-
- Leggings, men's - gayahdowe'sha' (gaw-yaw-doh-wayh!-shah!); [Lit. leg covers]
- This term was eventually applied to 'pants', of all types.
- Leggings, women's- geisha (gaw-ees-hah!).

Length (entire)- hegawa'isdoh (hay-gaw-wah!-ees-donh); [Lit. gone to the end].
Length (I have gone the entire -)- hewakwa,isdoh (hay-gaw-wah!-ees-donh).
Lengthened - yosdoh (yonhs-donh); [Lit. its been made longer].
- Lemon - ogwa:jiwa:geh (oh-gwa-jee-waw-genh), [Lit. sour citrus].
Leopard- he:he:s (henh-hays).
-
- Less- ga:o' (gaw-oh!).
Lessened- dawada:go 1 (daw-waw-dah-goh!); [Lit. some came off to make less].
- Lessening- oda:gweo:je' (oh-dah-gwenh-onh-jayh!); [Lit. becoming less].

- Lessens- dwada:gwas (dwah-dah-gwahs); [Lit. some keep coming off].
Let's begin- dwahsa:weh (dwah-saw-wenh).
Let's eat - dwadekonih (dwah-dayk-kohn-neeh).
Let's go - dwahde:dih (dwah-denh-deeh).
- Let's start - dwahsa:weh (dwah-saw-wenh).
Let's work - dwajo'da:d (dwah-joh!-dawd).
Lettuce - onehdatgos (oh-nenh-daw-tgonhs); [Lit. raw leaves].
Level (even)- sha'degade' (shawh!-day-gaw-dayh!).
- Level (tool) - yedogesdahgwa' (yay-doh-genhs-dah-gwah!); [Lit. to make even].
- Liar (he is)- honowe:h (hoh-noh-wenh).
Liar (he is)- honi 1 dano:we:h (hoh-neehl-daw-noh-wenh). { vulgar term }
Library- gayadosha' yonta 1dohgwa'geh (gaw-yaw-donhs-hahl-yohn-tawhl-
donh-gwah!-gayh), [Lit. a place to borrow books].
-- Librarian- gayadosha 1 gotgae:yo:' (gaw-yaw-donhs-hah!-goh-tga-enh-yonhl);

[Lit. she watches the books].
Lice- ji'no:h (jeehl-nonh).
Licked (it)- o'gagane:n (ohl-gay-gaw-nehn); [Lit. I licked it].
Licking (it is)- ogane:doh (oh-gaw-nehn-donh).
-
- Key: a as in ah; e as in they;· i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; ii as in at; e as in end; o as in on
-
Lie (fib)- ojinowe 1da 1 (oh-jee-nonh-wenh!-dawh!).

Lies (fibs)- gonowe:h (goh-noh-wenh); [Lit. she tells lies].
Lie down (you)- saja 1je:nen (saw-jawh!-jay-nehn); [Lit. lay yourself down].
Life (come to)- o'wadohe:d (oh!-wah-donh-hayd); [Lit. it came to life].
Life (come back-)- sawadohe:d (saw-wah-donh-hayd); [Lit. came to life again].
Life sentence - nyo:hi:s (nyonh-hees); [Lit. for his entire life].
Lift (you) - desehgwat (day-sayh-gwawt).
Lift it up - desehgwat - day-sayh-gwawt); [Lit. take it up] ironworker term.
Lifted (erected)- gage:sgweh (gaw-gays-gwenh); [Lit. put up in place].
Lifted- degahgwa 1 doh (day-gawh-gawh!-donh).
Lifted (it)- ho 1 dwadehgwat (hoh!-dwah-dayh-gwawt).
Lifted (he erected it) -wagesgo' (wah-gays-goh!).
Light (color)- ohsohgwagen (oh-soh-gwah-gehn).
Light-:-complected- deyo:nonteh (day-yoh-nohn-tayh).
Light eyes- degaga:ge:ndo 1s (day-gaw-gaw-gehn-donh!-s).
Light hair- ohsiga:ge:n (oh-seeh-gah-gehn).
Light (artificial)- gaji:sto:d (gaw-jees-doad); [Lit. the light is on]. The original
meaning referred to 'flame' being up, creating some light.
Light (natural)- deyohahteh (day-yoh-haw-tayh); [Lit. light from sun, moon, stars].
Light (weight) - de•o:sde' (dayh!-ohs-dayh!); [Lit. not heavy].
Light flashing- dewahtsisdo:gwas (day-wah-chees-doh-gwas).
Lightning bug - ojisdanohgwa' (oh-jees-daw-noh-gwah!); [Lit. bursts of light].
Lightning strike - ho'gaye'gyo:' (hoh!-gaw-yenh!-gyonh!).
Lightning- gaye 1gyo:nyoh (gaw-yenh!-gyonh-nyonh); [Lit. lightning strikes].
Lightning flashes - deyonihweh (day-yoh-nee-wenh).
Lightning flashed- 0 1dweniho' (oh!-dwenh-nee-ho!).
Lightning (rapid succession)- deweniwahsyoh (day-wenh-nee-wah-shonh).
Likely - nob (nonh). {C-P}
Likely also the..- noh-koh-neh (nonh-koh-nayh). {C-P}

-
193
-- Likely too .. -s0 1jih-noh (soh!-jeeh-nonh). { C-P}

-
-- Limb-oegahsa 1 (oh-enh-gawh-sawh!). [old Seneca term, no longer used].
Limb (hanging)- gaegahsa:de' (gaw-enh-gawh-saw-dayh!). [old Seneca term, no
longer used].
--. Lime (a citrus fruit)- o:gwa:1 (oh-gwah!).

Limp (she's) - goya 1 dage:yo:h (goh-yayh!-daw-gay-yonh); [Lit. her body's limp].
- Limping- ohso 1ka 1 (oh-soh!-kawh!); [Lit. it walking with a limp].
Limps (she - along)- gohso 1ga:ne 1 (goh-soh!-gaw-nayh!).
Lineage - jawehdahgoh (jaw-wayh-dah-gonh); [Lit. where it comes from].
....... Lined (layered)- degaya 1se: 1 (day-gaw-yayh!-sayh!).
- Lined (marked) - gayano•doh (gaw-yaw-nonh!-donh).

Lineman- heweda:s (henh-wenh-daws); [Lit. he puts up wire].
Lingering (its hovering)- ohde:je 1 s (oh-denh-jayh!-s).
Lingering winter- 01 wadosha:yeos (oh!-waw-dos-hah-yenh-onhs).
Liniment- yenisdohgwa 1 (yenh-nees-donh-gwawh!); [Lit. pain application].
- Linking Arms dance - deyodeneshota 1 (day-yonh-deh-nenhs-hohn-tawh!); its said

to be the devil's dance.
-
........
Links (sausage)- oesha 1 (oh-ays-hawh!).
Links - deganohsondahgoh (day-gaw-nonh-sohn-dah-goh); [Lit. it holds one to
object with another object].
- Lint - ogo 1ho 1 (oh-gonh!-honh!).
Lion - ga:osyohje:ta 1 (gah-onh-shohn-jay-tawh!).
- Lips (Anat.)- ohsohgwa 1 (ohs-onh-gwah!).
-- Lip stick- yondehsohga:ta 1 (yonh-dayh-sonh-gaw-tawh!); [Lit. used for putting

on the lips].
Liquids - onea 1a 1 (oh-nay-ah-aah!).
.....
Liquor store- onega 1 dwatgeo 1 (oh-nay-gawh!--dwah-tgay-onh!).
Listen (we continue to -) - o:gwatoda:je 1 (onh-gwa-tonh-daw-jayh!); [Lit. we still
hear the instructions].
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; · ti as in on

Listen (you) sadaohdi:yos (saw-daw-onh-dee-yos); [Lit. make a good ear].

Listened (I)- agato:de 1 (ah-gaw-tonh-dayh!); [Lit. I heard it].
Listens (it)- wato:da:s (waw-tonh-daws); [Lit. it listens and minds].
Little Dry Hand Myth- 0 1 nyate:h (oh!-nya-tenh); [Lit. dry hand].
Little people- joge:0 1 (joh-genh-onh!).
Little Valley, NY- Negahada 1sa:a (nay-gaw-haw-dawh!s-aah); [Lit. small forests].
Little water- neganega 1a:a (nay-gaw-nay-gawh!-aah).
Little water song- niga:nega 1a:a (nay-gaw-nay-gawh!-aah). Cultural Tip:
restricted to society members.
Live forever sedum (Bot.)- de 1ge:eyos (dayh!-genh-eyh-yonhs); [Lit.it doesn't die].
Liver (Anat.) - otwehsa 1 (oh-twenh-sawh!).
Liver (meat food product)- otwehsa' (oh-ywenh-sawh!).
Load - gaehno:d (gaw-ayh-noad).
Loaded- gaehno:e: 1 (gaw-ayh-noh-eyh!); [Lit. piled on].
Lobster- oji 1ehda 1 (oh-jeeh!-eyh-dawh!).
Lock - ga 1 nowa 1 (gawh!-noh-wawh!).
Lock it-se 1nowaniyo:deh (sayh!-noh-waw-neeh-yohn-denh); [Lit. hang the lock].
Lockport, NY - Jodo:sho:d (joh-dohs-hoad); [Lit. a spring there].
Locust- gane:ita 1 (gaw-nenh-eeh-tawh!).
Log cabin- degeoda:do• (day-genh-onh-daw-donh!); [Lit. shielded with logs].
Log - geoda 1 (geh-onh-dawh!).
Logged timber - ga 1hahda 1 -(gawh!-hawh-dawh!).
Logged forest - gahajakgoh (gaw-haw-jawh!-gonh); [Lit. timber cut down].
Logger- haha:ja 1s (haw-haw-jawh!-s); [Lit. he cuts timber].
Lonely- ogwenda:d (oh-gwehn-dad).
Lonesome (I am) - gegwenda:1s (gay-gwehn-dah!-s).
Long (horizontally)- i:yo:sgwah (eeh-yonhs-gwah).
Long (became -)- o•yo:shet (oh!-yonhs-hayt).
Long arms (she has)- deyenehshe:sos (day-yay-nenhs-hay-sonhs)
-
Long bodied- gaya 1de:s (gaw-yawh!-days); this is a term given to a type of wood
- stove, it being low, narrow, and long.
Long face - gagohse:s (gaw-gonh-says).
Long fish- genje:s (gehn-jays).
Long hair- oge 1e:s (oh-gayh!-ayhs).
Long horns - deyodino 1 gais (day-yoh-nonh!-guys).
Long house- ganohse:s (gaw-nonh-says).
Longhouse (as metaphor) - the earthly Longhouse reflects the Sky World
Longhouse, and the Hodinohso:ni' live within a great longhouse , that stretches
from the sun rise to the sunset, with the Sky Dome as the roof and the earth as
the floor.
- Coldspring longhouse (at Ohiyo') -Jonegano:h [cold water there].
Horseshoe longhouse (at Ohiyo')-Dejodeha:kdo:h [Lit. the river bends there] .
- this longhouse, standing in the 1860s, was tom down in 1920 when the
Horseshoe and the Coldspring longhouse merged.. The boards were used to
build the cook-house at Coldspring longhouse.
· Cayuga longhouse (at Ga'dagesgeo')-Da 1dewahgeotgeh [without eaves].
-
......
{extinct}
Indian Hill longhouse (at Ga'dagesgeo') - Sgeho:dih [beyond the creek]. {extinct}
Newtown longhouse (at Ga·dagesgeo')- Tganodase:1 [new town].
Pinewoods longhouse (at Ga'dagesgeo')- 0 1soago:h [ in the pines]. {extinct}
Sandy's Road longhouse (at Ga'dagesgeo')- De:noje gwa: 1ho:n [ two smokes 1
joined together: the joining of fires from 2 older longhouses] {extinct}

Seneca longhouse (at Ta:nowode')- Ganodago:h [in the town].
Sand Hill longhouse (at Ta:nowode') - 01soago:h [in the pines]. {extinct}
Longhouse (at) - -ganohse:sgeh (gaw-nonh-says-gayh).
Long legs- degahsine:sos (day-gawh-see-nay-sonhs).
Long length (vertically) - ohe:sgwah (oh-haysgwah).
- Long nose gar - gayeta:h (gaw-yenh-tah).
a e
- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; as in at; as in end; ti as in on
Long snake- gashaisde:s (gaws-haw-ees-days).

Long way around- we:eh heyotsi 1gwa:tweh (way-enh--hay-yoh-cheeh!-gwah
twenh].
Longing (- to leave)- deyo 1nigoho:1 (day-yoh!-nee-gonh-honh!); [Lit. having a
mind to go].
Long time- wo 1onishet (who!-oh-nees-hayt).
Long-winded- oi:wi:s (oh-eeh-wees); [Lit. talks endlessly].
Look (at)- satga:toh (saw-tgaw-toh).
Look alike - deyoyedahgoh (day-yoh-yenh-dah-gonh).
Looked at (I) - ho 1gatgahto 1 (hoh-gaw-tgah-toh!).
Looked at (2 Fems.) - ho 1gyatghto1 (hoh!-gyawt-gawh-toh!); [Lit. the 2
girls/women looked at it].
Looked at (2 males)- wa:yatgato' (waw-yah-tgah-toh!); [Lit the 2 boys/men
looked at it].
Looking (at it)- degagane: 1 (day-gaw-gaw-neyhl); [Lit. it is looking at it].
Looking (back) - heshenontga:twas (hays-han-non-tgaw-twas); Lit. they keep
looking back].
Looking (closely)- degaganahji:weh (day-gaw-gaw-nah-jeeh-wenh); [Lit. it is
looking right at it].
Looking for (2 Males) - hodi:hsagoh (hoe-deeh-saw-gonh); [Lit. the 2 boys/men
are looking/searching for (something) ].
Looking for mate (he)- ho1 ehjihsa:goh (hohl-ayh-jeeh-saw-gonh); [Lit. he is
looking for a mate/wife].
Looking for a mate (she) - goehjihsa:goh (goh!-ayh-jeeh-saw-gonh); [Lit. she is
looking for a mate/husband].
Looking for 'snag' (he)- ho 1ehdihsa:goh (hoh!-ayh-deeh-saw-gonh).
Looking toward (I am) - ho 1gatgahde 1 (hoh!-gaw-tgah-denh!).
Looking upward (I am)- gegosgaha:d (gay-gohs-gaw-hawd). -
Loon- he 10:we' (henh!-oh-wenh!).
-
- 197
- Loon {another version} - gwiyo•ge:eh (gweeh-yoh!-genh-enh).
-
-- Looped - yoda:hoh (yoh-daw-honh).
Loose (flapping) - ode:de• (oh-denh-dayh!).
Loose- ho•wadtga' (hoh!-waw-tgah!); [Lit. it let go].
Loosened- de•jo:niyoh (dayh!-joh-nee-yonh); [Lit. no longer secure].
Lopsided- gagai:de• (gaw-guy-dayh!).
- Loser- de•ga:sdak (dayh!-gaws-dawk); [Lit. good for nothing person].
Losers - howodigwe:nyo:h (honh-wonh-dee-gway-nyonh); [Lit. they beat them].
Loss-for-words - ho•jodioko:s (hoh!-joh-dee-oh-konhs).
-- Lost -ohd<Vi>h (oh-donh!-onh).

Love relationship- ganoohgwahsha• (gaw-noh-onh-gwah!-shah!).
Love - ganoohgwahsha• (gaw-noh-onh-gwah!-shah!).
Love (I- you)- gonoohgwa• (gonh-nonh-gwah!); [Lit. I treasure you].
Love each other - desnyadahnoohgwa:g (days-nyaw-dah-noh-onh-gwawg).
Love her - eshede:se:g (enh-shay-denh-sayg).
Love him - e:sehde:se:g (ayh-sayh-denh,..sayg).
Love potion- o•noehda• (oh-noh-ayh-dawh!).
Love potion (makers) - hadinoehdayendi:h (haw-dee-noh-ayh-dawh-yehn-deeh).
Loud- otgae•ni:h (oh-tguyh!-neeh).
Loud (his voice is -)- howenogae•ni:h (hoh-wenh-nonh-guyh!-neeh).
Loudly- otgae•niahje• (oht-guyh!-nee-ah-jayh!).
Low - ehda•geh (ayh-dawh!-gayh).
Low pain threshold- ohwhe:eh (oh-whenh-enh).
Low self esteem - 0 1 nigoestwa 1 oh (oh!-nee-goh-enhs-twah!-onh); [Lit. its mind has
become diminished].
·Lower- ehda 1ge:gwa:h (ayh-dawh!-gay-gwawh).
Lower back (Anat.) - okasha• (oh-kaws-hah!).
Loyal - degaiwaga:ne:• (day-guy-wah-gaw-nayh!); [Lit. looking at it one way].
Luck (with) - oda•swa• (oh-dah!-swawh!); [Lit. fate].

Lucky (I am)- agada 1siyo:h (ah-gaw-dah!-swee-yoh); [Lit. fate is good to me].

Lucky (it is)- oda 1swiyo:h (oh-dah!-swee-yoh); [Lit. fate is good to it].
Lucky (you are -) - sada 1swiyo:h (saw-dah!-swee-yoh); Lit. fate is good to you].
Lucky (you got -) - esada 1swent (ay-saw-dah!-swent); [Lit. fate was good to you].
--
Lump (in throat) - 0 tonya 1ta:at (oh!-tow-nyawh!-taat); [Lit. he choked].
1
Lump-in-the-throat (it causes)- deyonya 1ta:gwe: 1 (day-yoh-nyawh!-tah-gwayh!)

Lunch- adeno 1sha 1 (aw-denh-nonh!-shah!); old term, literal meaning unknown.
Lungs (Anat). - ohsa: 1 (oh-sah!).
Lurking - odenda:je 1s (oh-den-dah-jayh!s); [Lit. showing up here and there].
M
Made (for)-gahsyonyanyani:h (gah-shown-nyah-nee).
Make (you) - sehsyo:nih (sayh-shown-neeh).
Magical transformation- gahai 1ya:h (gaw-haw-eeh!-yawh).
Magician- deade 1 nigohge:nyos (day-ah-denh!-nee-goh-genh-nyonhs); [Lit. he
tricks the mind].
Mail (I got -) - ogya 1do:went (onh-gyawh!-doh-wenht); [Lit. I received ].
Mail (will go to -) - e:kyadohsehnda:no 1 (enh-kyaw-donhs-hehn-daw-nonh!); [Lit.
I will go to drop paper].
Mailed (its) - gayado:shehndoh (gaw-yaw-donhs-hen-donh); [Lit. paper
is dropped].
Mailman- hayadashenehgwih (haw-yaw-daws-henh-nenh-gweeh); [Lit. he carries
the mail].
Main- gaya 1dagweni:yo 1 (gaw-yawh!-daw-gwenh-nee-yoh!); [Lit. single item].
Main wampum- gajisda:gweni:yo' (gaw-jees-dah-gwen-nee-yoh!); [Lit. central
fire] for the Gaiwi:yoh is at the Tonawanda longhouse.
Male and Female (as a pair) - deodi:go 1 da:1 (day-oh-dee-gonh!-dawh!); [Lit. of
opposite sex].
Majority vote (result)- ho 1dwado:god (hoh!-dwah-donh-goad); [Lit. it went thru].
Make (you) - sehsyo:nih (sayh-shonh-neeh); [Lit. you make ...].

199
.....
Make up (she has - on)- gotgo'jonya:no' (goh-tgonh!-joh-nyaw-nonh!); [Lit. she
..... has put color on her cheeks].
-
......
Making a nest - wa:dehso:nih (wah-dayh-sonh-neeh).
Making-do - wo'osgaste't (who!-ohs-gaws-tayh!-t).
Male -haji:noh (haw-jee-nonh).
-. Males - hadiji:nohsho'oh (haw-dee-jee-nonhs-honh!-onh).
- Malicious- ga'nigoetge' (gawh!-nee-goh-ayd-genh!); [Lit. evil minded].
Malingering - ode:nyieya'doh (oh-denh-nee-ay-yawh!-donh); [Lit. pretending
Illness] to get out of doing something.
..... Mall- heno:deninosgowa:h (heh-nonh-denh-nee-nohs-goh-wawh); [Lit. their hugh
shopping place].
Manroot- o:gweh okdea' (onh-gway--oak-day-ah!).
Man- hogweh (honh-gwayh).
Man (young)- hogwe'dase:' (honh-gwayh!-daw-sayh!); [Lit. new man].
Manager- doiwahja:' (doh-eeh-wah-jawh!); [Lit. promoting the program].
Mandrake- deyagonya'sagada:ses (day-yaw-goh-nyayh!-saw-gah-daw-says);
- [Lit. it will twist your neck around]. { medicine plant}
- Manure spreader- deweni'dogwata' (day-wenh-neeh!-doh-gwah-tawh!). Farmers

use this machine to spread organic fertilizer in preparation of planting fields.
- Many issues- oiwawe:so' ( oh-eeh-waw-way-soh!).
-- Many people - gotga'de' (goh-tgawh!-dayh!).
Many- odoho:do' (oh-donh-honh�donh!).
- Many fish- gejanoge' (genh-jaw-nong-gayh!).

Maple ceremony- dadino:nyoh wahda' (daw-dee-nonh-nyonh--wawh-dawh!);
[Lit. thanks to the maple tree, includes forests].
Maple (green stripe) -yeisdaye:dahgwa' (yay-ees-daw-yenh-dah-gwah!).
Maple (red) - ogohso' (oh-goh-soh!).
Maple (sugar)- wahda' owa:no' (wawh-dawh!--oh-wah-nonh!).
Maple syrup- wahda' oshesda' (wawh-dawh!--ohs-hays-dawh!).
----
......
. Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on
Maple tree - wahda 1 (wawh-dawh!).

Marble- ganeyage:ed (gaw-nenh-yaw-genh-end).
March moon - O 1notah (oh!-not-ah); [Lit. peepers all].
Marker (site)- gayano1ta1 (gaw-yaw-nonh!-tawh); [Lit. it marks].
Marker (tool) - yeyano1dahgwa 1 (yay-yaw-nonh!-daw-gwah!); [Lit. for marking].
Marked- gayano1doh (gaw-yaw-nonh!-donh).
Marked (I- it)- 0 gya:no1t (oh!-gyawh-nonh!-t).
1
Maroon - otgwedadagoh (oh-tgwenh-dah-daw-gonh); [Lit. dark red].

Marriage- gaiwaniya:doh (guy-waw-nee-yah-donh); [Lit. firmed the words].
Marriage (traditional)- dewodia 1ne:ge:1 (denh-wonh-dee-ah!-nay-genh!); [Lit. they
will put them side by side]. Arranged marriages continued up to the end of the
1890s, when parents chose a compatible partner for son or daughter and who
was not of the same clan.
Married (I am)- agenya:goh (ah-gay-nyaw-gonh).
Married (he is) - honya:goh (hoh-nyaw-gonh).
Married (they got)- wodinya:g (who-dee-nyawg).
Married couple -yada:tso:• (yaw-daw-choh!).
Married couples - henodatso: 1 sho1 (henh-nonh-daw-choh!-shonh!).
Marrow - osdaowo1 (ohs-daw-onh-wonh!).
Marsh hawk- oswe ga:da1gea1 (ohs-wenh!-gah-dawh!-gay-ah!).
1
Marsh land - onya 1geo1 (oh-nyawh!-gay-oh!).

Marten- oshe:we 1 (ohs-hay-wenh!).
Masculine- hahsyo:e•daji:noh (hah-show-enh!-daw-jee-nonh); [Lit. he's bold].
Mashed beans - osai dajisgwa (oh-saw-eeh!-daw-jees-gwah!).
1 1
Mashed - degajisgwaihdoh (day-gaw-jees-gwa-eeh-donh).

Masher - degajisgwaita• (day-gaw-jees-gwa-eeh-tawh!; [Lit. it mashes].
Mason- deahsde:do: 1 (day-ahs-denh-donh!); [Lit. he makes foundations].
Massacred - howeno1we:tweh (honh-wenh-nonh!-wenh-twenh); [Lit. they killed
them en mass].

Seneca Languag.e Teacher's Dictionary 201
ONONDOWA1 GA:1 GAWE:NO'
Mat - yege 1 sahgwa 1 (yay-genh!-sah-gwah!); Lit. used to put underneath it].

Matches - yejisdo 1gata 1 (yay-jees-doh!-gaw-tawh!); [Lit. used to make flame].
Matrilineal - no 1yehne:gwah (noh!-yenh-nay-gwah); [Lit. on mother's side] means
a society which follows the female linage. The society of the Hodinohso:ni' is
matrilineal; from the beginning woman was the keeper of the earth on Turtle
-- Island, she bears the children, she is kin to the 3 sisters and grandmother moon,
as a clan mother she gives the names. Under the system of the Great Law, she
can choose or depose the chiefs, she can declare or stop war.
- Mattress- yojadehda:gwa 1 (yonh-jah-denh-dah-gwah!).
- Mattress padding- yenisga:gwa 1 (yenh-nees-gah-gwah!).
Mature blossoms - Awe:ha 1i 1 (awh-wenh-hawh!-eeh!); [Sky woman's name].
Mature (he is)- hodo:jehji:weh (hoh-doh-jenh-jee-wenh).
Mature (ripe fruit)- ohyaihji:weh (oh-yay-eeh-jee-wenh).
- Mature (plant)- odon�hji:weh (oh-donh-neeh-jee-wenh).
Mauled (it)- 0 1 gagenye:h (oh!-gah-genh-nyayh!).
- May apple (Bot. -deyogonya 1 sagada:ses (day-yaw-goh-nyawh!-saw-gah-daw-
- says); [Lit it twists the neck].

Maybe - gi 1 sheh (geeh!-shenh).
May moon- Weo:dahgwa 1 (wenh-onh-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. blooming flowers].
Maybee's tires - e 1nisa 1 deadi1 nya: 1 (enh!-nees-gah!:--day-ah-deeh!-nyawh!); [Lit.
- they take care of wheels].
Mc Donald's (pick up)-Onohsogaen heyekwagwas (oh-nonh-soh-gaw-ehn--hay
yay-kaw-gwas); [Lit. they get food at the window].
Me- l 1 (eeh!) ; ni 1 (neeh!), Objective Pronoun
- Meadow lark - degayahdowanes (day-gaw-yawh-doh-waw-nenhs); [Lit. big

thighs].
-- Meadow rue - gajitgwe:kta 1 (gaw-jeet-gwayg-tawhl). {medicine plant}
Meadow- geda:ye1 (genh-daw-yenhl).
Meal (all gone)- gahsa 1 oh (gawh-sawh!-onh); [Lit. all eaten up].

ONONDOWA1GA:' GAWE:NO'
Meal (I ate all mine)- 01gehsa:1 (oh!-gayhs-aah!).

Meal sifter- yowa:gta1 (yonh-wawg-tawh!).
-
•
Mean (attitude)- ganohgonta 1 (gaw-nonh-gohn-tawh!).

Mean (I) - gi:doh (gee-donh).
Means (he - me)- l 1 hagi:doh ( eeh!--haw-geeh-donh).
Means (it)- ge:doh (genh-donh).
Meaning (double) - degaiwa 1se: 1 (day-guy-wawh!-sayh!).
Meaning (of)- ge:doh (genh-donh).
Meant (he)- hahwe:oh (haw-way-onh).
Measure (milestone) - odeno 1geahdashehdahgoh (oh-denh-nonh!-gay-ah-daws-
henh-dawh-gonh).
Measured- wadeno 1geahdoh (waw-denh-nonh!-gay-lih-donh).
Measurement - odeno 1geahdasha 1 (oh-denh-nonh!-gay-lih-daws-hah!).
Meat market- ha 1 wa:aneh {hawh!-wah-ah-nayh); [Lit. where he sells meat].
Meat - 0 1wa: 1 (oh!-wawh!).
Meat, fresh- 0 1wa:se: 1 ( oh!-waw-sayh!); [Lit. new meat].
Meat, fried -gaisda:gi 1da:h (guys-dawh-geeh!-dawh); [Lit. sliced fried meat].
Meat, salted - degajike 1dagohdoh (day-gay-jee-kayh!-daw-goh-donh).
Meat, smoked - gaye 1gwaikdoh (gaw-yenh!-gwah-eek-donh).
Mechanic- ha 1 sehdahsyonis (hawh!-sayh-dawh-shown-nees); [Lit. he fixes cars].
Meddled (had been) - deganohdai:yoh (day-gaw-nonh-daw-eeh-yonh).
Meddled (in her things)- ho 1jagohnohdai1 (hoh!-jaw-goh-nonh-dah-eeh!).
-
Meddled (in his things) - ho 1towonohdai1 (hoh!-tonh-wonh-nonh-daw-eeh!).
Meddling (it is) - deganohdai:ye 1s (day-gaw-nonh-daw-eeh-yayh!-s).
-
Medicine- onohgwa 1sha 1 (oh-nonh-gwah!-shah!).
Medicine (they made)- wadinohgwa 1 syo:ni (waw-dee-nonh-gwah!-shonh-neeh!).
1
Medicine ceremony- ade:sha 1 (sh-denh-shah!).

Medicine ceremony (for her)- go:dehs (goh-denhs).
Medicine ceremony (preparing for)-yodehsyo:ne 1 (yonh-denh-showh-nayh!).

-
Medicine ceremony (prepared for)- gode:syo 1 (goh-denh-showh!).
-- Medicines - onohgwa 1sha1shiViih (oh-nonh-gwah!-shah!-shonh!-onh).

Medicine plant- onohgwa 1sha 1 (oh-nonh-gwah!-shah!).
-. Meet (they will) - denondat (denh-nonh-dawt).
-- Meeting (called)- eodiya 1daye:ih (ay-oh-dee-yawh!-daw-yay-eeh); [Lit. they will

be having a meeting].
-- Meeting (persons called)- wowodiya 1de:g (wonh-wonh-dee-yawh!-dayg); [Lit.
they called the people together].
- Meeting (held)- hodiya 1dayei:oh (hoh-dee-yawh!-daw-yay-eeh!-onh); [Lit. they

are in a meeting].
Meeting house- hodiya 1dayeisdahgwa 1 (hoh-dee-yaw!-daw-yees-dawh-gwawh!);
[Lit. a place where they meet].
Meeting room- goya 1dayeisdahgwa 1 (goh-yawh!-daw-yay-yees-dawh-gwah!);
- [Lit. a room for meetings].
Meeting (started)- 0 1 wadiwahde:di 1 (oh!-waw-dee-waw-denh-deeh!); [Lit. the
matters have started].
Melted - ono'nowe:h (oh-noh!-nonh-wenh); [Lit. it is melted].
Melting - ono 1noweo:je1 (oh-noh!-nonh-wenh-onh-jayh!).
Memento- yontgatwahta 1 (yon-tgaw-twah-tawh!); [Lit. to look at now and then].
Memorize- esasha 1se:g (enh-saws-hah!-sayg), [Lit. remember].
Men- henogweh (henh-nonh-gwayh); [Lit. male people].
--. Men (as warriors)- hodisge 1e:gehdoh (hoh-dees-genh!-enh-gayh-donh); [Lit. they

are seed carriers].
Mending (I am) - gado:onyoh (gaw-donh-oh-nyonh).
Mended (I)- ho 1gado:0 1 (hoh!-gaw-doh-onh!).
Menopause- deyodohohdenyohs (day-yonh-donh-honh-day-nyonhs); [Lit. she is
going through her life change].
Menstruating - gohja:we:doh (goh-jaw-way-donh).
Menstruating- godahgwa:nye:h (goh-dah-gwah-nyeh); [Lit. during her 'moon'].
.....

Menstrual blood - gatgwehjitge 1s (gaw-tgwenh-jeeh-tgenh!s); [Lit. bleeding].

Mental hospital - hodiwenoi:neh (hoh-dee-wenh-noh-eeh-nayh); [Lit. a place for
the insane].
Mental illness - oya 1niyo1de:h (oh-yah!-nee-yoh!-denh); [Lit. the mind has become
strange], different.
Mentally scattered- deyo1nigo:gweh (day-yoh!-nee-goh-gwenh); [Lit. the mind
has become scattered].
Merged - ha 1degayeahgoh (hawh!-day-gaw-yay-ah-gonh); [Lit. all put together].
Messenger- da:diogwata 1 (daw-dee-oh-gwaw-tawh!); [Lit. he spreads the news].
Messenger (runner)- dehda:s (denh-daws); [Lit. he runs] At a time when traveling
the foot-path was the only means of transportation, the fastest runner in the
community was responsible for delivering official messages to other Nations,
running great distances to fulfil the mission.
Messengers (four) - geih nyenondi:h (gay-eeh--nyenh-non-deeh); [Lit. the four of
them] Oral Tradition: referring to our Protectors, from the Sky World. it is said
that it was 3 of the messengers who came to Handsome lake's door, calling to
him to come with them to the Sky World.
Messengers (four)- Deyo:kiye 1nyahdo 1 (day-yonh-kee-yenh!-nyaw-donh!); [they
have their fingers around us] The traditional concept of spiritual protection.
Messy- da 1degahsnye 1 (dawh!-day-gaws-nyayh!); [Lit. not cared for].
Met (they 2)- 0 tsa:da 1t (oh!-chaw-dat); [Lit. the 2 of them walked up to each
1
-
other].
Met (they 2) - ho tsadaje:de: 1 (hoh!chaw-daw-jenh-dayh! [Lit. the 2 of them
1
became acquainted].
Meteor- ojisdade:gas (oh-jees-daw-day-gaws); [Lit. burning embers].
Metropolis - ganondasde 1gowa:h (gaw-non-daws-denh!-goh-wawh); [Lit.huge
city].
Midday - ha•dewenishaeh (hawh!-day-wenh-nees-hah-enh).
Middle (in the) -ha 1dewahse:noh (hawh!-day-wah-senh-nonh).

Middle (one) - ba 1dewahsenohka: 1 (hawh!-day-wah-senh-nonh-kawh!).

Middle-age spread- ho 1dwa:ja 1da:gwaid (hoh!-dwaw-jawh!-daw-gwaw-eed);
-
- [Lit. its body widens].
- Midnight- ba1dewahso:ntweh (haw-day-wah-sonh-twenh).

Midnight (past) - 01 wahsodadia 1t (hoh!-wah-sohn-daw-dee-awt); [Lit. the night is
-...... becoming shorter].
Midwinter - ha 1degosha:eh (hawh!-day-gohs-haenh); [Lit. middle of winter].
Midwinter ceremony (we'll hold)- e:yohgwane 1yas (enh-yonh-gwaw-nenh!-yaws).
...... This ceremony signals the new solar cycle of the Hodinohso:ni' traditional oral
--
calendar of community ceremonial thanks givings for the Creator's gifts.
Midwinter ceremony - gai:wa:noohsgwa 1gowa:h (gaw-eeh-waw-no-onhs-gwah!
goh-wawh).
Might be - gi 1sheh (geeh!-shenh).
Mile- heyotgahtweh (hay-yoh-tgawh-twenh); [Lit. as far as can be seen]. This
Seneca word comes from the earliest days before broad land speculation, there
were instances when a new 'settler' requested a parcel of land, from any of the 5
....... Nations, for personal use. The story goes that the native said 'as far as ·you can
see should be enough'. Once granted; the settler stood at the top of a hill and
-- looked "as far as he could see", claiming it all as his own.

Milestone - ogwadeno 1geahdashedahgoh (onh-gaw-denh-nonh!-gay-ah-daws-
- henh-dawh-gonh); [Lit. what we measure by].
Milk can- yeno 1gwa:gwa 1 (yay-nonh!-gwah-gwah!).
Milk-ono 1gwa 1 (oh-nonh!-gawh!).
Milk snake - sha:wihso:n (shawh-weeh-sohn).
Milk weed - onosga' (oh-nonhs-gah!).
Milky way- gajiso 1danohoh (gaw-jees-sonh!-daw-nonh-honh); [Lit. full of stars] ..
As its told in the original Creation Story, the milky way was seen
as a trail leading home to the Sky World.
Millstones - shawa:guk (shaw-waw-gook); { very hard conglomerate}

Mind- ga 1nigohdasha1 (gawh!-nee-gonh-daws-shah!); [Lit. use of one's mind].

Mind (anxious)- 0 1nigo:n (oh!-nee-gohn).
Mind (bad)- de 1ga 1nigoe:yo:h (dayh!-gawh!-nee-gonh-enh-yoh).
Mind (being of two)- deyo 1nigoe:ge:h (day-yoh!-nee-gonh-enh-gay).
Mind (confident) - de 1we 1nigokta 1 (dayh!-wenh!-nee-gok-tawh!); [Lit. the mind
does not give up].
Mind (contented)- 0 1nigoe:yo:h (oh-nee-gonh-enh-yoh); [Lit. good minded].
Mind (creative) - 0 1 nigo:waneh (oh!-nee-goh-waw-nenh); [Lit. it has a big mind].
Mind (decided)- 0 1we 1nigoehsa: 1 (oh!-wenh!-nee-gonh-enhs-aah!); [Lit. it made
up its mind].
Mind (disappointed) - jo1 nigoe1oh (joh!-nee-gonh-enh!�onh). [Lit. the mind has
dropped].
-
..,
Mind (dreading)- we 1nigoe:ye:do:s (wenh!-nee-gonh-enh-yan-donhs); [Lit. its
mind is swaying ].
Mind (expectant)- ga 1nigoe:r (gawh!-nee-gonh-enh!); [Lit. the mind is excitedly
looking forward to.. ].
Mind (forgotten)- 0 nigohe1oh (oh!-nee-gonh-henh!-onh).
1
Mind (gives up) - we 1 nigokta 1 (wenh!-nee-gok-tawh!); [Lit. mind is giving up].

Mind (good)- sgeno' wenohdonyoh (sgenh-nonh!--wenh-nonh-donh-nyonh);
[Lit. the mind thinks good thoughts].
Mind (heavy)- 0 1 nigoe:sde 1 (oh!-nee-gonh-enhs-dayh!).
Mind (of the) - ga 1nigoe1 geh (gawh!-nee-gonh-enh!-gayh).
Mind altering- dega 1nigoehde:nyohs (day-gawh!-nee-gonh-enh-day-nyonhs);
[Lit. it turns the mind around]; refers to alcohol and drugs.
Mine, my- agaweh (aw-gaw-wenh); Possessive Pronoun
Mingo- mengwe [Lit. sneaky, stealthy]. This word is originally Lenni Lenape
(Delaware) language. In the mid 18th century, politically dissatisfied, 241
persons of league Delaware-Mahigans in Ohio converted to the Moravian sect
of Christianity in the mistaken believe their conversion meant adoption by

-
Europeans, and would be able to return to their home lands through their
- connection with the Moravians in Pennsylvania. When this was not the case,
- they "flung the epithet mengwe at the Hodinohso:ni' ". Moravian missionaries
- invented the term 'Mingo' and in their writings smeared all league peoples in
Pennsylvania and Ohio. During the Revolutionary War, this racial slur upon the
- Hodinohso:ni' became popular among the settlers. Later Western historians
- placed this slur on the league peoples of Ohio. By the 20th century, scholars had
come to think that the league peoples of Ohio had separated from the league and
called themselves "Mingos". This 20th century assumption is totally false; the
--
- league people of Ohio are trying to raise awareness in academia of the
impropriety of the term 'Mingo' in historical texts.
- Minister - haje:sdaji• (haw-janhs-daw-jeeh!); [Lit. he's in black].
Mink - jio•da:ga' (jee-oh-daw-gah!).
-..
Minnow - sgejage:e' (sgenh-jaw-genh-enh!).
- Mint - gano•nosta• (gaw-noh!-nos-tawh!). {medicine plant}
Minutes - neyono sga:ge:h (nay-yoh-nonh!-sgoh-gay); [Lit. number of notches].
1
The notches on the Invitation Stick are likened to the minutes on the clock.
Mittens - e•nyo:sha1 (enh!-nyo-shah!); [Lit. finger covers].
- Miraculous - oiwana:gwad (oh-eeh-waw-naah-gwad); [Lit. the matter is
without bounds]. Amazing.
Mirror - atgatwahsa 1 (ah-tgah-twas-shah!); [Lit. used for looking].
-- Miscarriage - sayagoya:ge:s (saw-yaw-goh-yaw-genhs); [Lit. it came out of her].

Miscellaneous - o:gohsohdo 1 (oh-gonh-sohs-honh!); [Lit. odds and ends].
Mischievious (he is) - ha 1 doiwaye:do• (hawh!-doh-eeh-waw-yehn-donh!).
Mischievious (she is) - ha•deyagoiwaye:do 1 (hawh!-day-yaw-goh-eeh-waw-yehn-
donh!); [Lit. she has issues].
Mismatched - de 1 jo:to 1 (dayh!-joh-tonh!); [Lit. not close to being alike].
Missing (it) - haha:deh (haw-haw-denh); [Lit. he's yearning after it].
Missing (he is - you) - wa:yahade• (waw-yaw-haw-denh!); [Lit. he's yearning
--
after you].
Mist (has fallen) - oshade1 oh (ohs-haw-denh!-onh).
Mist (on ground) - 0 1a:ya 1 (oh!-ah-yawh!).
Mistake (my)- o:gye1hik (onh-gyenh!-heek).
Mistake (your) - e:saye 1hik (ayh-saw-yenh!-heek).
Mistaken (I've -)- agye1hi 1 oh (ah-gyenh!-heeh!-onh).
Mistakes (I make -) - agye 1hi:syoh (ah-gyenh!-heeh-shonh).
Mistakes (you make) - saye 1hi:syoh (saw-yenh!-heeh-shonh).
Misting (as fog) - gashado:je 1s (gaws-haw-donh-jayh!-s).
Misty (ground, grasses) - deyo 1ayo:n (day-yoh!-ah-yohn).
Mixed- degayesdoh (day-gaw-yays-donh).
Mixer - degayesta1 (day-gaw-yays-tawh!).
Mixture - degayesdoh (day-gaw-yays-donh).
Mobile home - ganohsi 1se 1s (gaw-nonh-seeh!-sayh!-s); [Lit. a dragging house].
Moccasin - gayo:wa 10:weh (gaw-yoh-wawh!-onh-wayh).
Moccasin game- de:nohdahgwa:yeo 1 (denh-nonh-dawh-gwah- yenh-onh!); [Lit.
they are betting on a shoe]. this game is usually played at wakes.
Mocking - odedonya1 doh (oh-denh-doh-nyah!-donh); [Lit. its making fun of..].
Mockingbird - sa 1sa1 (sawh!-sawh!).
Moderation - ne1 hohjisho 1 (nayh!-hoh-jees-honh!).
Modem - oiwase: 1 (oh-eeh-waeh-sayh!); [Lit. something new].
Mohawks- Ganye: 1geono 1 (gaw-nyenh!-gay-oh-nonh!); [Lit.People of the Flint].
One of the 5 original Nations of the Hodinohso:ni' Confederacy, known as
the Keepers of the Eastern Door of the symbolic longhouse. It is said that both
the Peacemaker and Hayewonta' were adopted Mohawks, and the Mohawks
were the 1st to accept the Peacemaker's design for a collective peace.
Mohawk territory- Ganye: 1geh (gaw-nyenh!-gayh); [Lit. home of the People of
the Flint]. Originally Mohawk territory extended over much of Northeastern NY
state and into Southern Quebec. Today, there are three Mohawk settlements,

209
Akwesasne (which straddles the US-Canadian border at Massena, NYand

Cornwall, Ont.; Kahnawake, near Montreal, and Kanesatake near Oka, Quebec.
Moieties - ga•sade:nyo' (gah!-sah-day-nyonh!) refers collectively to the 2 "sides";
- the 'bird clans' and the 'animal clans'. Each has 4 brotherhood clan titles.
Note: Moiety comes from the French word 'maitie' meaning 'half'.
Moiety "side"- ga•sa:de• (gawh!-sah-dayh!); [Lit. a moiety of 4 clans per "side".
The 4 'bird' brotherhood clans are hawk, heron, snipe, and deer (kill-deer?); and
.....
the 4 'animal' brotherhood clans are turtle, wolf, bear, and beaver.
Moiety (in same)- agwadeno:jo• ( ah-gwah-denh-nonh-jonh!); [Lit. we are a
- brotherhood of all 4 animal clans; or a brotherhood of all 4 bird clans].

Moiety (opposite) - ogwa: 1 seshe• (onh-gwah!-says-henh!); [Lit. we are the opposite
'side' to them]; of animals to birds; or of birds to animals.
Moiety (opposite) - hone:•seshe• (hoh-nenh!-says-henh!); [Lit. they are the
opposite' side' to us]; of animals to birds; or of birds to animals.
- Mold- osge 1syo:d (ohs-genh!-showd}.

Mole (birth mark)- goge:no: 1 (goh-genh-nonh!).
Mole (rodent) - dega•nyagaide1 (day-gayh!-nyah-ga-ee-dayh!); [Lit. its fingers are
turned (inward)].
Momentarily- da1ju:h-shoh (dawh!-juu--shonh); [Lit. for just a short time].
- Monday- O 1wede:dat (oh!-wenh-denh-dawt); [Lit. end of week].
Monday - sga:d wenishade 1 (sgawd-wenh-nees-hah-dayh!); [Lit. day one].
Money - owisda 1 (oh-wees-dawh!).
- Monkey - goisagihs (go-ee-saw-gees); [Lit. it looks for] (vermin in monkeys's fur)

Monsters - odiya1dahjonsho•oh (oh-dee-yawh!-dah-john-shonh!-onh); [Lit.
frightful beings]. as is told in the Creation Story, Flint's monsters are
imprisoned deep into the earth's caves.
Month - weni 1dade• (wenh-neeh!-daw-dayh!).
Months - weni 1dade:nyo' (wenh-need-dawh-day-nyonh!).
- Moon - soe:ka:h gahgwa:' (soh-ah--gah-gwawh!); [Lit. nighttime moon]. In the
--
Gano:nyog (Thanks Giving Address) is a section referring to the

moon as our grandmother, to whom respect and gratitude is extended for her
power to determine birth, plant growth, and the rise and fall of the waters.
Moon - soeka: gahgwa:' (soh-ay-kawh!--gah-gwawh!); [Lit. nighttime moon].
Moon - end of the month - wadeni'dokta' (wah-denh-neeh!-dok-tawh!)
Moon, middle of the month - ha•deweni'daeh (hawh!-day-wenh-neeh!-daw-enh).
Moon, new- sawadahgw:e• (saw-waw-dah-gwah-enh!); [Lit. shows a moon
again].
Moon, quarter- ga'ehda:a' (gawh!-eyh-dawh!); [Lit. shows a finger nail].
Moon, phases of- gahgweo:nyo• (gah-gwenh-onh-nyonh!).
Moosewood - otgehsyo'da' (oh-tgenh-shonh!-dawh!).
Moose- oyeda:ni' (oh-yenh-daah-neeh!).
Mop- yenesjo:wa'dahgwa' (yenh-nees-joh-wah!-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used for
washing up the floors].
More - ahsoh (ah-sonh).
Moreles mushroom - oyahge•da' oh-yaw-genh!-dawh).
Morning sickness - joetgehdoh (joh-ayd-genh-donh); [Lit. nauseaous].
-
Morning (is coming)- -dayohe•o:je• (daw-yoh-henh!-onh-jayh!).
Morning star- tgedeowi:ta• (tgenh-denh-onh-weeh-tawh!).
Morning after morning - ohe•syonyoh (oh-henh!-shonh-nyonh).
Morning (became )- wo'o:hent (woh!-oh-henh!-t).
Morning (becomes) - ohe'oh (oh-henh!-onh). -
Morning, early- sedehja:h (say-dayh-jaw).
Morning (in the -)- sedehja:neh (say-dayh-jaw-neh).
Mortar - ga•nigahda' (gawh!-nee-gawh-dawh!).
Mosquito- jinyendahse:s (jee-nyenh-dawh-says); [Lit. long.beak].
Moss- awe:• (ah-wenh!).
Mostly - jogwe:kdo' (joh-gwayg-donh!).
Mother earth- Etino•eh (ay-tee-noh!-enh); [Lit. our mother]. Oral Tradition: The

-
earth is the transformed body of the mother of the Creator Twins, and since its
said humans were originally made from clay, she is our universal mother.
Mother earth (on) - ogwade:si•dage•sahgoh (onh-gwah-denh-seeh!-daw-genh!-
- sah-gonh); [Lit. supports our feet] as we walk about the earth.
Mother - no•yeh - (noh!-yenh).
Mother (her) - ono•eh (oh-noh!-enh).
- Mother (his) - hono•eh (hoh-noh!-enh).
Mother (my) - akno•eh (awk-noh!-enh).
Mother (our) - etino•eh (ayh-tee-noh!-enh).
Mother (their) - shagodino•eh (shaw-goh-dee-noh!-enh).
Mother (to son/daughter) - yadatawak (yaw-daw-taw-wawk).
Mother (your) - sano•eh (saw-noh!-enh).
Mother's (children) - hewodiawaksho• (henh-wonh-dee-ah-wawk-shonh!).
Mother-in-law- oge:sa• (onh-gat-sawh!). {said by woman}
Mother-of-Nations -Jegohsahse:• (Jee-gonh-sawh-sayh!); [Lit. she has a new
face]. When all 49 nation leaders were assembled, the Peacemaker asked her to
- place the official deer antlers on their heads, designating chieftainship status,
beginning with Tadodaho'. The PeaceMaker then named each chief, a name
which would be perpetuated forever. Her name, Jigohsase:', transformed to
.-..
Head Clan Mother, of the Hodinohso:ni' Laegue.; a status name forever.
Mountain - onondade• (oh-non-daw-dayh!).
Mountainous - onondade:nyo• (oh-nohn-daw-day-nyonh!); [Lit. many hills].
- Mourning- wade:no•s (waw-denh-nonh!-s).

Mouse- jinohdaiyo:• (iee-nonh-daw-enh-yonh!); [Lit. it meddles].
Mouse- jonihgais - (iee-nonh-gaw-ees); [Lit. long tails].
Mouth (Anat.)- ohsagaen (oh-saw-gaw-ehn).
- Mouth (he has in his -) - hoho:n (hoh-hohn).
Mouth (he puts back into his -) - sadeho:de• (saw-day-hohn-denh!).
Mouth (you close) - sasgwe:g (saws-gwayg).
-
-
a e o
j
ONONDOWA·GA:' GAWE:N6•
J J J J J J J J '
Mouth (you open)- desasga:h (day-saws-gab.).
Mouth wash - yoshowa'ta' (yonhs-hoh-wah!-tawh!).
Move (you- away)- sado'ne:g (saw-donh!-nayg).
Move (you - over) - satis (saw-tees).
Move (you- it)- segi:s (say-gees).
Moved (been)- gagi:sdoh (gaw-gees-donh); [Lit. its been moved].
~
Moved (it)- ho'watgei:s (hoh!-wawh-tgees).
J J J J J
Move fast- saja,dasno:wa:d (saw-jawh!-daws-snoh-wahd); [Lit. move your body
fast].
Moving ahead - otgi:sdo:je' (oh-tgees-donh-jayh!).
Moving ice- owi:sae'gweh (oh-weeh-saw-enh!-gwenh); [Lit. drifting ice].
Mower (hay) - ga'eohja's (gawh!-ay-oh-jawh!-s).
j
J J J J J
Mud hen- ge'gawah (gayh!-gah-wawh).
Mud holes- oga'steo:nyo' (oh-gawh!-stenh-onh-nyonh!).
Mud- oga'sta:' (oh-gawh!-sdah!).
Mud puddle - onya'geo' (oh-nyah!-gay-oh!).
Muddy (has become -)- otga'steoni:h (oh-tgawh!-stenh-onh-neeh).
~ J
Muddy- deyo'ga'steo:go:h (day-yoh-gawh!-stenh-onh-goh).
Muhlenberg's turtle- ganehsa:s (gaw-nenh-sawhs).
J J J
Mulberry- osha:a• (oh-shawh-ah!).
Mule- dewaohde:s (day-wah-onh-days); [Lit. it has long ears].
J
Mullein- jigohsahse' gehga:' (jee-gonh-sawh-senh!--genh-gawh!). [Lit. bob cat's
J J
tail]. { medicine plant}
Mullet- gaisto:wa:' (guys-doh-wawh!).
Multiply (math)- dehsya1se' (denh-shawh!-senh!); [Lit. you double it].
J J
Multiplied - degaya'syo' (day-gaw-yawh!-shonh!); [Lit. they are doubled].
j
j , ~ J
Multi-story building- dogwah neyono•ne:d (doh-gwah--nay-gaw-nonh!-nayd);

[Lit. several layers/ levels].
Murderer- ha:jo:o' (haw-joh-onh!); [Lit. he kills].
J J J J J J

Muscles (Anat.)- owihsa 1 (oh-gweeh-sawh!).

- Muscle-aches- onogde:nyo' (oh-nong-day-nyonh!).\; [Lit. hurts here and there].
-- Muscular (he is -)- hawihsa1ha:sde1 (haw-weeh-sawh!-haws-dayh!); [Lit. he has
strong muscles].
Museum- yontgatwata1 geh (yohn-tgaw-twah-tawh!-gayh); [Lit. a place to see].
Mush - ojisgwa1 (oh-jees-gwawh!).
-- Mushy - otsisgo:ni:h (oh-chees-gonh-neeh).
Mushroom- onege1da1 (oh-nenh-genh!-dawh!).
Mushrooming (they go -) - waenohja1ge1 doni 1 (waw-enh-nonh-jawh!-genh!-donh
neeh!).
Musical instrument- wadeno:ya' (wah-denh-noh-tah!); [Lit. it makes music].
Musical instruments- wadenondahgwa1sho1oh (wah-denh-nonh-dawh-gwah!-
shonh!-onh); [Lit. used to make music with].
Musicians - hadie:no 1oh (haw-dee-enh-nonh!-onh).
Muskellunge- jigiihsa:s (jeeh-gonh-saws).
- Muskmelon- waya:is (waw-yaw-ees).
-
- Muskrat - jinodaga1 (jee-non-daw-gawh!).
Muslin- oji 1noweiinyii 1 (oh-jeeh!-nonh-wenh-oh-nyonh!); [Lit. got bugs on it].
Must be- ha•degago:n (hawh!-day-gaw-gohn); [Lit. has to be].
Mustache (he has a) - da:gosga:e: 1 (daw-gonh-sah-eyh!).
- Mutual aid - adenideosha• (ah-denh-nee-denh-onh-shah!); [Lit. kindness].
Mutton - no 1geondo1oh (nonh!-geh-onh-donh!-onh).
Myths- gaga:1 (gaw-gawh!).
Big Breast --- Gano•gwe:s (gaw-nonh!-gways); [Lit. long breasts].
Big Snake --- Gashaisdo:waneh gaws-haw-ees-doh-waw-nenh); [Lit. big
homed snake].
Blue Lizard --- Jaenosgo:wa:h (jaw-enh-noh!s-goh-wawh).
Blue Panther--- Shodowahgo:wa:h (shaw-doh-wah-goh-wawh).
-- Com Bug --- O 1 nowatgo 1 (oh!-noh-wat-gonh!); [Lit.bug with evil power].
-
Divided Body--- Deyoja1 ja 1koh (day-yoh-jawh!-jawh!-konh); [Lit. his body is

cut in half].
Exploding Wren---Dewahjawo:e 1s (day-wawh-jaw-wonh-enh!-s).
Fire Beast----Ga:syoje:ta1 (gawh-shonh-jay-tawh!).
Frost Spirit----Hato1 (haw-toh!).
Giant Raven----Ga 1ga 1go:wa:h (gawh!-gawh!-goh-wayh).
Spirit of War----Hosge1 egehdohgo:wa:h (hos-genh!-enh-gayh-donh-goh-wawh);
[Lit. great warrior].
Great Bear----Nya 1gwaehe:h (nyah!-gwa-enh-hayh).
Great Homed Serpent----Jodehgwadoh Goh-day-gwa-donh).
Great Naked Bear----Nya1gwaehego:wa:h (nyah!-gwa-enh-hay-goh-wawh).
He-Who-Eats-Innards-----Shago1dadahgwas (shaw-goh!-daw-dah-gwas ).
Homed Snake----Do:no1ga:es (doh-nonh!-gaw-ays).
Little Dry Hand---'-O 1 nya:te:h (oh!-nyah-tenh).
Sharp Legs-----One:yo:d (oh-nyenh-doad).
Spring Spirit----Dejoswine:doh (day-jos-swee-nayh-donh); [Lit. it has thawed].
Stone Giant - Ge:nosgwa' (genh-nohs-gwawh!); [Lit. it ate skin].
Tide Spirit-----Shagowe:noa' (shaw-goh-way-noh-ah!); [Lit.he ferries people].
White Beaver----Noganya1goh (nonh-gonh-nyah!-gonh!).
Wind Spirit----Dagwano e:hed (daw-gwa-nonh!-enh-hend); [Lit. flying head].
1
-
N
Nn - 6th consonant in the Seneca Alphabet, pronounced as n, as in net, nice
Naked Dance- ga 1 nosda1ge:ka: 1 (gaw!-nos-dawh!-gay-kawh!); [Lit. naked type].
Nail punch - deyi>'isdahgwa' [punches holes with].
Nails (Anat.) - 0 ehda1 (oh!-ayh-daw!). Refers to finger and toe nails.
1
Nails (supplies)- ge:we: 1 (genh-wenh!).

Naked weed- sa1g:da 1 (sawh!-kdawh!).
Name- gahse:no1 (gawh-senh-nonh!).
Name of a game throw - onyo:1ah (oh-nyonh!-ah).

- 215
Name (my)- gya:soh (gyaw-sonh).

Name (old)-gahse:nohga:yoh (gawh-senh-nonh-gaw-yonh).
Name
• (You)- sya:soh (shaw-sonh); [Lit. your name].
Named- gahse:nowi:h (gawh-senh-nonh-weeh); [Lit. a name is given].
Names (of)- gaya:sho• (gah-yaws-honh!).
Naming Children:..... hadiksa 1doa1 (haw-dik-saw!-doe-ah!); [Lit. upholding the
-- babies]. A clan mother from the baby's clan chooses a name from her memory
of clan names, then prepares for the day of the event, Baby Day when babies are
.......
given the welcoming speech and name.
- Nannyberry - ga•nyehsa' (gah!-nyayh-sah!).

Nape (Anat.)- onya:geh (oh-nyah!-gayh); [Lit. on back of neck].
Nape (threads) - ohsiya:gon (oh-see-yah-gon); [Lit. the up and down direction of
threads in fabrics].
Napkin- ge:noh (genh-nonh).
Narrow- newadagwenda•a:a (neh-waw-dah-gwenh-dawh!-aah).
Narrow paddle- nigatgonya 1 sha 1a: (nee-gaw-tgonh-nyah!-shah!-aah).
Narrow road-niya:gwehda•a:a (nee-yah-gwenh-dawh!-aah).
Nasal mucus - oji•nohga' (oh-jeeh!-nonh-goh!).
Nasty- one•wa:d (oh-nayh!-wad).
Nation - no:noehjo•de• ( no-noh-anh-joh!-danh!); ]Lit. their territory], a geo-
......
political unit exercising sovereign control over a territory and a population.
Nation (of another)- oya•jio:no• (oh-yaw!-jee-oh-nonh!); [Lit. from another
- nation].
Native American - Ogwe•oweh (Onh-gway!-onh-wayh); [Lit. Real People]. An
English given term for the original peoples of this continent, Turtle Island.
Native clothing- Ogwe•oweka:• ahjonyahsa• (ogwayh!-oh-way-kawh!--ah
shonh-nyah-shah!).
Native foods - johehgoh (jonh-hayh-gonh); [Lit. our sustanence], com, beans, and
squash.
-
--- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on
-
Native language- Ogwe'owe:ka:1 gaweno1 (onh-gway!-onh-way-kawh!--gaw

wan-nonh!); [Lit. native type voice, words].
Native medicine -Ogwe 1owe:ka: 1 onohgwa 1sha1 (onh-gway!-way-kawh!--oh
nonh-gwah!-shah!); [Lit. native type medicine].
Native Nations - nyonoehjo1de' (nyoh-nonh-enh-joh!-denh!); [Lit. their territories],
geo-political units exercising sovereign control over their respective territories
and populations.
Natural- tsa 1oye:at (chawh!-oh-yay-at); [Lit. as it is].
Naturally- nigayeno1de:h (nee-gaw-yan-noh!-danh); [Lit. it goes its own way].
Natural talent - oya 1 daihwa 1 (oh-yawh!-daw-ee-waw!); [Lit. its body's own gift].
Natural spring- odo:sho:d (oh-donh-shod).
Naughty- de 1wato:da:s (dayh!-wah-ton-daws); [Lit. it doesn't mind].
Naughty (girl child) - do1onto:da:s (donh!-ohn-tonh-daws); [Lit. she doesn't
mind].
Nauseaous (it is)- 01ni:sa1danih (oh!-nee-sah!-daw-neeh).
Nauseated (I am)- age 1nisa: 1 da:nih (ah-gayh!-nee-sah!-daw-neeh).
Near- dosgeh (dohs-genh).
Nearer - dosge:hah (dohs-genh-hawh).
Nearly - tohah (toh-hawh).
Neat- dega:snye' (day-gaws-nyayh!); [Lit. its taken care of].
Neat (tidy)� ogo:nye:s (oh-gonh-nyenhs); [Lit. it is tidy].
Necessity - deyode:jo:h (day-yoh-denh-john); [Lit. a need for.. ].
Neck (Anat.)- onya 1sa1 (oh-nyawh!-saw!); [Lit. of the neck]
Necklace -:- yenihjasta 1 (yenh-neeh-jaws-tawh!).
Neck tie (lwill put on) - degade:nye:ode 1 (denh-gaw-denh-nyay-oh-denh!).
Nectar - oano1 (oh-ah-nonh!).
Needle- gewe: 1 (genh-wenh!).
Needle - dewajeweogo:ta 1 (day-waw-jenh-way-oh-goh-tawh!); [Lit. used to work
the needle in and out].
-
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; ii as in at; e as in end; ii as in on
- ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO•
Needless- ka•go:wa:h (kawh!-go-wah). {C-P}

......
Neighbor (my)- deyagyeno:skeh (day-yaw-gyan-nonhs-kanh); {Lit. house next to
- me].
- Neighboring- dewenoskao• (day-wan-nons-kaw-oh!); [Lit. its next to one another].
Neighbors - agwenoskao• (ah-gwen-nonhs-kaw-onh!).
- Negotiation- degaje:i:ya•s (day-gawh-jenh-ee-yawh!-s); [Lit. crossing the fire].

Hodinohsoni' Chiefs negotiated issues through a process traditionally known
- symbolicly as 'crossing the fire' in their Grand Councils.
Nephew (of uncle) - heyewo:de• (hay-yenh-wonh-dayh!).
-- Nephew (of aunt) -hehso•neh (kayh-sonh!-neh).
-- Nephew (your) -hehse:wo:de• (hayh-senh-wonh-denh!).

Nephews (of aunts)- howodihso•neh (honh-wonh-deeh-sonh!-nayh).
Nephews (of uncles) -hagowoye:de•sho• (haw-gonh-wonh-yenh-denh!-shonh!).
Nerve (Anat.) - o•nesha• (oh!-nehs-hah!).
Nervousness - deyo•nyaih (day-yoh!-nyaw-eeh); [Lit. its fingers are frantic].
Nest taken down - wadehsendoh (waw-dayh-senh-donh).
Nest- odehsa 1 (oh-dayh-sah!).
- Nest area - wadinehta• (wah-deeh-nay-tawh!); [Lit. where they brood].

Nesting - odehsaye• (oh-dayh-saw-yenh!]; [Lit. it has set eggs]. Birds and chickens
will have laid a number of eggs in a nest to sit on and keep warm during the
brooding period, until the chicks peck their way out of the egg and fully hatch.
Net- dewa•eo• (day-wawh!-enh-onh!).
Never- dewe:doh (day-wen-donh).
Never-the-less - gwa:heh (gwah-hayh). {C-P}
...... New - wase:• (waw-sayh!).
New born- gawiyahse: 1 (gaw-wee-yah-sayh!).
New house - ganohsase:• (gaw-nonh-saw-sayh!)
New idea - oihwahse:• (oh-eeh-waw-sayh!)
New moon- ga•ehda:• (gawh!-ayh-dawh!); [Lit. a finger nail there].

New York, NY -Tgano:do' (t-gaw-nonh-doh'); [Lit. village in water].

Newly weds - hodihnohgwase: 1 (hoh-dee-nonh-gwah-sayh!).
News- gaiwahno:ge' (gaw-eeh-waw-nonh-gayh!); [Lit. lots of talk].
News (brought forth) - joihwi:nyo:h (joh-eeh-wee-nyonh); [Lit.word has come in].
Newtown (Ga'dagesgeo')- Tgondase:1 (tgaw-non-daw-sayh!); [Lit. new town],
where some Buffalo Creek Senecas formed their new settlement iat after the
1842 'Compromise' Treaty.
,.
Next day- hejohent (heh-joh-hent). '-'
Next (to)- wakah (wawh-kawh).
'-
'-'
Next (close to me)- agya'doesdoh (ah-gyawh!-doh-ays-donh). \a.
Next (close to you) - saya'doesdoh (sah-yawh!-doh-ays-donh). ·\a,.
Next week - swenda:dih (swen-daw-deeh). ~

._,,
Niagara Falls, NY- Detga1tgohse:s (dayh-tgah!-gonh-says); [Lit. highest water
\a,,
falls there].
Nice day- wenitsiyo:h (wenh-neet-cheeh-yoh).
'-'
'-
Nice house- ganohsiyo:h (gaw-nonh-see-yoh). (._.
Nicely- doge'o: 1 (doh-genh!-onh!); [Lit. properly]. '-
Nickel- wis gwenis (wees--gwen-nees); [Lit. 5 cents]. '-
Niece (of uncle) - keye:wo:de' (kay-yanh-wohn-dayh!). '-
Niece (of aunt) - kehso'neh (kayh-sonh!-nayh). \ia,,
\a,,
Nieces (of aunts) - kehso'nehsho 1 (kayh-sonh!-nays-honh!).
Nieces (of uncles) - keyewode'sho' (kay-yenh-wonh-denh!-shonh!).
Night (warm)- ohsondane:00 (oh-son-daw-nay-nonh!).
1
..
'-'
Ii..,
Night time- soe (soh-ayh). w
Night (becomes) - wo'o'ga:h (woh!-oh!-gah). ~
Night (long)- wahso:ndi:s (wawh-sohn-dees). ~
\..
Night (throughout)- newahso:ndi:s (neyh-wah-sohn-dees).
Night hawk - gwe:di:s (gwenh-deehs).
Nightmare (he had)- dao:geot (daw-oh-genh-ont).

Night sitters - dadihenta' (day-ah-dee-hen-tawh!); [persons designated to attend a

traditional overnight wake are called 'sitters'.
Nine (9)- johdoh (joh-donh).
Nine hundred (900)- johdoh- niwe'nya'e: (joh-donh--nee-wenh!-nyah!-ayh; [Lit.
9 strikes of the finger].
Nine thousand (9000)- johdoh-nigaosha:ge:h (ioh-donh--nee-gaw-oh-shah-gay);
[9 cases, each box holding a 1000 items]. Contents unknown.
Nineteen (19) - johdo:sgae' (joh-donh-sgaw-ayh!); [Lit. base 10 + 9 on top].
Nineth (9th) - johdoh-wado'ta' (joh-donh-waw-donh!-tawh!).
....... Ninety (90)- johdoh-niwasheh (joh-donh-nee-wahs-henh); [Lit. base 10 x 9].
- Nipple (Anat.) - onohi,da' (oh-nonh-heeh!-dawh!).

Nit - o'hohgo:n (oh!-honh-gohn).
No- he'eh (henh!-enh).
Nocturnal - soe:ka:' (soh-aye-kawh!); [Lit. of the night].
- No doubt- gwas-ha'gwah (gwas-hah!-gwah). {C-P}
- Noise- otga:h (ot-gawh).
Noise (echo quality) - deganosga:h (day-gaw-nohs-gawh).
- Noises (it made)- wo'otgaeahsyo:' (woh!-ot-tgaw-enh-shonh!); [Lit. there were
noises here and there].
- Noisily- otgae'niahje' (ot-tgaw-ayh!-nee-ah-jayh!); [Lit. making loud noise along
the way].
Noisy (generally) - otgai'ni:h (ot-gaw-ayh!-neeh); [Lit. loud].
Noisy (they are) - hodigai'ni:h (hoh-dee-gaw-eeh!-neeh), [Lit. they are loud].
No one - de'so:ga:' (dayh!-sonh-gawh!).
Nominated- gage:ya:d (gaw-genh-yawd); [Lit. chosen].
- Nominated (been) - howodiya,dage:ya:d (honh-wonh-dee-yawh!-daw-genh

yawd); [Lit. they have been chosen].
Nominated (him)-wowoya,dage:ya:de' (wonh-wonh-yawh!-daw-genh-yaw
- denh!); [Lit. they chose him].

Nominated (her)- ho rshagodiya'dage:ya:de' (hoh-chaw-goh-dee-yawh!-daw-

genh-yaw-denh!); [Lit. they chose her].
Nominating - hadige:ya:ta' (haw-dee-genh-yaw-tawh!); [Lit. they are choosing].
Nominee (M.) - howoya rdage:ya:d (honh-wonh-yawh!-daw-genh-yawd).
Nominee (F.)- shagodiya rdage:ya:d (shaw-goh-dee-yawh!-dawh-genh-yawd).
None - da'gwisde' (dawh!-gwis-denh!); [Lit. nothing].'
None left- de'sga:' (dayh!-sgawh!); [Lit. empty].
None-the-less- gwa:heh (gwah-hayh). { C-P}
Non-issue- do'oiwa'geh (doh!-oh-eeh-wawh!-gayh).
Nonsense- do'o'nigon (doh!-oh!-nee-gohn).
Noon- ha rdewenishe:h (hawh!-day-wen-nees-henh); [Lit. mid-day].
North Collins, NY- Heyoahdoh (hay-yoh-aah-donh) [road passes through].
North star- nyagwai' detahgoswa'ha:' (nyaw-gwa-ih!--day-taw-gonh-swawh!-
hawh!); [bear's nose sticking out] referring to the stars out lining the form of a
bear.
North star - yoejade' gayano,ta, (yonh-enh-jaw-dayh!--gaw-yaw-nonh!-tawh!)
[Lit. earth marker]. reverence is given to the stars for the light and
guidance they provide.
North- Otowe'ge:gwa:h (oh-tow-wayh!-gay-gwah) [toward the cold]
Northern lights - o'dwajo:yajeo:nyo' (hoh!-dwaw-jonh-yah-jenh-onh-nyonh!);
[Lit. strangeness in the sky].
Nose (Anat.) - ogo:nda' (oh-gon-dawh!).
Nose (Anat.- sinus cavities) - o'nyohsa' (oh!-nyoh-sawh!).
Nose (my runny eyes/nose)- dewage'nyohsa'ista' (day-waw-gayh!-nyoh-sawh!-
ees-tawh!); [Lit. it pierces my sinuses].
Nose (blow your)- satsi'nohge:h (saw-cheeh!-nonh-gay).
Nostril (Anat.)- ogo:dahgoh (oh-gon-daw-gonh).
Notch- onyo'sga:, (oh-nyonh!-sgah!). Notches on the invitation wampum stick
indicated the number of days prior to a Grand Council meeting at the central fire

ONONDOWA·GA:' GAWE:NO·
at Onondaga Nation. Runners delivered these sticks to the other

Hodinoso:ni' Nations.
Not- he•eh-nah (henh!-enh--nah). {C-P}
Not enough- ta•degayei' (tawh!-day-gaw-yay-eeh!).
Not long ago - do•onehjih (doh!-oh-nenh-jeeh).
Not meant to be- de•we:oh (dayh!-way-onh).
- Not much- de•ge:h (dayh!-genh).
- Not really ! - de•doges ! (dayh!-doh-gays).
Not there-· noh-de•ne•hoh (nonh-dayh!-nayh!-hoh). {C-P}
- Not true- de•doges (dayh!-doh-gays).

Noticed (they)- wadiga•ayo:' (waw-dee-gawh!-ah-yonh!).
Noticing (I keep noticing) - gega'ayo:nyoh (gay-gawh!-ah-yonh-nyonh).
.......
Noticing (I am - it) - agiwasdi:sdoh (ah-gee-was-dees-donh).
-- Notify (him)- hehsao:gat (hay-saw-onh-gawt).
Nothing - da 1gwisde• (dawh!-gwees-denh!).
- November moon- Jodto:h (jo-d-toh!); [Lit. when its cold].

Now-oneh (oh-nenh).
Nowhere- de 1 gatga•hoh (day!-gaw-tgah!-hoh).
Nuisance- dega•nowe:ha:• (day-gawh!-no-way-hawh!).
Numb (I became)- ogatsisdeh (onh-gaw-chees-denh).
Numbness- otsisde 1oh (oh-chees-denh!-onh).
Number- oshe:da• (ohs-hay-dawh!).
- Number of- niwa:ge:h (nee-way-gay).

Numbered- oshe:dano' (ohs-hay-daw-nonh!).
Numerals- osheda•sho• (ohs-hay-dah!-s-honh!).
Nurses- hodino:kdanih deowodi:snye' (hoh-dee-nong-daw-nee--denh-onh-wonh
- dee-snyayh!); [Lit. they take care of the sick].
Nursing home- de•jo:• deowodi:snye•geh (dayh!-joh!-denh-onh-wonh-dee
snyayh!-gayh); [Lit. where the frail are taken care of].

Nut- onyo'gwa' (oh-nyoh!-gwah!).

Nut meat- 0 1 wa:a' (oh!-waw-ah!); [Lit. meat].
Nut shell- okda' (oak-dawh!).
0
Oo - 4th vowel in the Seneca Alphabet, pronounced as o, as in own, oh
Oo - 3rd vowel (with umlaut); pronounced as o, as in on, Don
Oak (red)- ogo:wa' (oh-goh-wah!).
Oak (white)- gaga1da1 (gaw-gawh!-dawh!).
Oar - hadigawe:ta 1 (haw-dee-gaw-wayh-tawh!).
Obedient- degai:wagane: 1 (day-waw-eeh-gaw-nayh!); [Lit. loyal to the word].
Obese- oh:seh (oh-senh) .
Obesity - deyo1 dohseohsyo' (day-yoh!-donh-say-oh-shonh!); Lit. surrounded by
fat].
Obeys- wato:da:s (wah-tonh-daws); [Lit. it listens/minds].
Obligation - hoiogohdoh (ho-eeh-onh-goh-donh!); [Lit. he has issues to tend].
Observer- hotgaeyo: 1 (hoh-tgaw-enh-yonh!); [Lit. he observes].
Observing (I am) - agatgaeyo:' (ah-gaw-tgaw-enh-yonh!).
Obsolete - oiwahdo 1 oh (oh-eeh-wah-donh!-onh); [Lit. extinct].
Obsolete:dance - sawano:00 10:1 (saw-waw-noh-nonh!-onh!).
Obsolete:dance - gayedo:'ge:a' (gaw-yenh-donh!-gay-ah!).
Obstacle - deyododahde:' (day-yoh-doh-dah-dayh!); [Lit. causes tripping].
Obvious- oye:de:d (oh-yenh-dayd); [Lit. clearly shown].
Ocean- ganyodeo:waneh (gaw-nyoh-day-oh-wah-nenh); [Lit. huge lake].
O'clock- niyoisda:e (nee-yoh-ees-daw-ayh); [Lit. number of metal be_en struck].
October moon - Gahsakneh (gah-sawk-nayh); [Lit. when I cough].
Odd- gwa 1 tiyo 1de:h (gwawh!-tee-yoh!-denh); [Lit. not quite right].
Odds and ends- de 1joa:tso 1oh (dayh!-joh-at-chonh!-onh).
Odor- ose:no 1 (oh-senh-nonh!).
Off center- wakah (wawk-ah).

-
Off-set-gagaida:doh (gaw-gaw-eeh-daw-donh); [Lit.been put on a slant].
Offends (me) - dewagadeseohgwahseh (day-waw-gaw-denh-denh-onh-gwah-
sayh).
Offense-hadiyenta 1 (haw-dee-yen-tawh!). [Lit. they are hitters].
Official- hahsenowaneh (haw-senh-noh-waw-nenh); [Lit. hisbig name].
- Officiator- taiyowanenta1 (taw-eeh-yoh-waw-nehn-taw') [Lit. he announces].
Often-da 1 ja1 ne1 (dawh!-jawh!-nayh!).
Originated-nejawehdahgoh (nay-jaw-wayh-dawh-gonh) [it comes from].
- Oh!! (exclamation)-ge:eh !! (gayh !!!!).
--. Ohiyo' residents-Ohiyo:no 1 (oh-hee-yoh-nonh!), [Lit. people who live along the
Allegany river] on the Allegany territory.
Oil- 000 1 (oh-nonh').
Oiled-ga:nohga:h (gaw-noh-gawh); [Lit. oil put on it].
Oil City, PA-Tgano 1s (t-gaw-noh'-s) [Lit. oil springs there].
- Oil gland (on fowl) - osyohgwa1 (oh-showh-gwawh!). Located on top of thebird's
tail, at thebase of the tail feathers. Birds use this oil for preening their feathers.
Ointment - yenisdohgwa' (yanh-nees-donh-gwawh!; [Lit. used as topical medicine]
Okay - nyoh (nyoh).
Ok, do yourbest-hao 1 ,jagoh (haw-oh!,-- jaw-gonh).
- Ok, now - hao 1, oneh (haw-oh!,-- oh-nenh).
Old (condition)-waga:yoh (waw-gaw-yonh) .
Old age (type of)-gagehji:ka: 1 (gaw-genh-jeeh-kaw').
Old car- ga 1sehdaga:yoh (gawh!-sayh-dawh-gaw-yonh).
Old custom-oiwaga:yoh (oh-ee-wah-gaw-yonh); [Lit. words through tradition].
Old fashioned - gaiwaga:yoka:1 (gaw-ee-wah-gaw-yonh-kawh!); [Lit. old
traditions].
Old hats-gahigwaga:yosho 1oh (gaw-hee-gwah-gaw-yonh-shonh!-onh].
Old house-ganohsa:ga:yoh (gaw-nonh-saw-gaw-yonh).
Old jackets- gashowashaga:yosho 1oh (gaws-ho-wah-shah-gaw-yonh-shonh!-onh).
-
--
Old moccasin dance - gayowaga:yoh (gaw-yoh-wah-gaw-yonh).

Old news - gaiwahga:yoh (gaw-ee-wah-gaw-yonh).
Old papers - gayadoshaga:yosho1oh (gaw-yaw-donhs-hah-gaw-yonh-shonh!-onh).
Old shoes - wahdahgwaga:yohsho 1 oh (wah-dah-gwah-gaw-yonh-shonh!-onh).
Old timers - hadigehjisho1oh (haw-dee-genh-jih-shonh!-onh).
Old Town , PA-Tga 1deodak (t-gawh!-de-yo-dawk); [Lit. once a chimney there].
Older brother - hahji1 (hawh-jeeh!).
Older sister- ahji1 (awh-jeeh!).
Olean, NY -Johihso1 (ioh-hih-soh!) [Lit. weeds in the water]. The corruption of -
the Latin word for oil, 'oleum' became the name for Olean, which was quite rich
with oil wells at one time.
-
Omen- 0 1 gasho:nye:g (oh!-gaws-honh-nyeng).
Omniscient- de 1shodigo:doh (dayh!s-hoh-dee-gon-donh!).
Oh ! ! - ge:eh !! (gay-ayh).
On - ga:e 1 (gaw-ayh!).
On the other hand - gwa-nege' (gwah--nenh-genh!). { C-P}
Once - sga:d-heyawe oh (sgawd--hay-yaw-wenh!-onh); [Lit. it happened 1 time].
1
Once-upon-a-time - sga:d heyoa:doh (sgawd-hay-yoh-aah-donh); [Lit. it

happened once in the past].
On foot-dewahta:gweh (day-wawh-tawh-gwenh).
One (1) - sga:d (sgaw-d).
One day - swenisha:d (swenh-nees-hah).
One day hence - sigwa:h henjo:hent (see-gwah--henh-joh-hent).
One-dollar ($ 1.00)- sgawisda:d (sgaw-wees-dawd).
One-forth (1/4)- sha 1deswahse:noh (shawh!-days-wah-senh-nonh).
One-half (1/2)- ha 1dewahse:noh (hawh!-day-wah-senh-nonh).
One handful - sgasohdi:h (sgaws-oh-deeh).
One hundred (100) - sga:d newe 1nya 1eh (sgaw-d--nay-wenh!-nyah!-ayh); [Lit. 1
strike of the finger].

225
- One inch (l ") - joyohga:d (joh-yonh-gaad); [Lit. one thumb].

One minute- jonyo'sga:d (ioh-nyonh!-sga-d); [Lit. one notch].
- One penny - sgagwenisha:d (sgaw-gwenh-nees-had).
- One person - jogwe1da:d (joh-gwayh!-dawd).

One pinch- sga:d dewahji1dowa:goh (sgaw-d--day-wah-jeeh!-doh-wah-gonh).
One rod - joa 1a:d (ioh-ah!-awd); [Lit. one rod, pace: 16.5'].
One side- sgaga:dih (sgaw-gah-deeh).
- One thousand (1000) - sgaohsha:d (sgaw-onh-shad); [Lit. 1 case holding 1000
items].
- One week- no 1dewado:dae' (nonh!-day-wah-donh-daw-ayh!).

One yard - jo1e:no:d (ioh!-enh-nond); [Lit. one pole].
Oneida Nation-O 1 neyotga:' (oh!-nay-yoh-tgawh!); [Lit. People of the Standing
Rock], one of the 6 Hodinoso:ni' Nations.
Oneidas- 0 1neyotgeo:no' (oh!-nay-yoh-tgeoh-nonh!); [Lit. People of the
- Standing Rock];
.- , Onion - 01 nohsa' (oh!-nonh-sawh!).
Only one - aosga 1ah (ah-ohs-gawh!-ah); [Lit. by itself].
Onondaga - Ononda 1geh (oh-non-dawh!-gayh); [Lit. on the hill].
Onondagas - Ononda1geo:no' (oh-non-dawh!-gay-oh-nonh!); [Lit.People of the
hill], one of the 6 Nations of the Hodinoso:ni', keepers of the central fire of the
- Great Law.
Onoville - Ganondayoshe1ge:h [Lit at the Old Town]. Onoville was once known
- as "Jugville", because the lumberjacks took jugs of rum from the tavern and into
the woods. The name was thought too undignified by the towns people, but any
name advised was met with "oh no, that won't do", then someone said, then just
call the town "Oh-no-ville".
Onward - ho1gada:je' (hoh!-gaw-daw-jayh!).
Open door- deyodehoo:jo:h (day-yoh-day-hoh-onh-jonh).
Open end- deyohahgwe:de1 (day-yoh-haw-gwenh-dayh!); [Lit. its tubular].
-,
.-

Opener- gahodogwas (gaw-how-donh-gwas); [Lit. it opens].

Opening- aogaen (ah-oh-gaw-ehn); [Lit. a hole].
Openings - aogaendo 1 (ah-oh-gaw-ehn-donh!); [Lit. holes].
Operation (in) - ohde:joh (oh-denh-jonh); [Lit. its going].
Operational - oi:yo 1de• (oh-eeh-yoh!-dayh!); [Lit. its working].
Opossum- jagoyo:di:h (iaw-goh-yohn-deeh); [Lit. it smiles].
Opponents -do:nondogehdoh (doh-non-doh-genh-donh); [Lit. they are opposites
in competition].
Opportunity - ho•dwahdehoohdi• (hoh-dwa-day-hoh-onh-deeh!); [Lit. the door is
open].
Opportunity (by chance)- wo•o:tad (woh!-oh-tad); [Lit. it got a chance].
Opportunity (I got a chance)- oga:ta:de 1 (onh-gawh-tah-denh!).
Opportunity (I missed) - agatge:hdoh (ah-gawh-tgenh-donh); [Lit. I let it rot].
Opportunity (missed his - ) - wo:1e:tges (who!-enh-tgenhs), [Lit. his gate rotted];
an old expression.
Opposed (to a marriage) - godesde 1shaetgehdoh (goh-days-denh!-shah-ayd-genh
donh); [Lit. she is working against the marriage].
Opposed - deyodogehdoh (day-yoh-dogenh-donh); [Lit. its against].
Opposite (teams) -deonodo:gedoh (day-oh-nonh-doh-genh-donh); [Lit. they are
against each other].
Opposition (in)- 0 dwado:gen (oh!-dwa-doh-gehn); [Lit. working against].
1
Oppressed (we will be) - deyohkiya•dowa:ke (day-yonh-kee-yawh!-doh-wah

kayh!); [Lit. they will be clutching us as a people].
Oppression - deowodi:ya•dowa:goh (denh-onh-wonh-dee-yawh!-doh-wah-gonh);
[Lit. they are clutching the people].
Opps - a:geh (ah-gayh).
Optometrist - hahgaisda ah (haw-gaw-ees-dawh!-ah); [Lit. he works with glasses].
1
Or- ge: (gayh) [C-P}.

Oral tradition- daenondo:je (daih-non-dooh-jay!); [Lit. they have always
1

-
said ....]. From the beginning of life on Turtle Island, our ancient ancestors were
given basic instructions about how to live on Mother Earth in a simple, but
- sacred, way. They were given seasonal and human life cycles that create the
rhythms of life. Each generation has since perpetuated and manifested the
Original Instructions from the Creator as best they can.
-- Orange- ogwa:a 1 (oh-gwa-ah!).
Orchard- gaodaye:toh (gaw-onh-daw-yan-tonh); [Lit. trees planted there].
1
Ordained (he)- hawe: 1 oh (hawh-wayh!-onh); [Lit. he meant for it to be..].
-- Organization (group)- honenijo:go:d (ho-nanh-nee-joh-goad); [Lit. they have a

standing group].
- Original Instructions - Shogwai:wawi:h (shoh-gwaih-waw-wee); [Lit. words he

(Creator) gave to us]. As Ogwe'oweh, we are to protect his gifts of creation,
.....
remain respectful of all living things, thankful for all he has provided, and by
doing so, he (Creator) will keep the cycles of life continuing.
Originated- ne-jawehdoh (nay-jaw-weh-donh); [Lit. where it came from]
- Ornaments- oja 1 dahjonya 1ta 1 (oh-jawh!-dawh-shon-nyah!-tawh!; [Lit. decorative].
Ornery- osha:nid (ohs-hawh-need); [Lit. it speaks crossly].
Ostrich- ga:daji 1 (gaw-daw-jeeh!).
- Osprey - onijogwe 1 (oh-nee-joe-gwenh!); [Lit. it plucks out fish].
- Other- ne 1-no:ya 1 (nayh!--no-yawh!); [Lit. it's the next one]. {C-P}
Others - o:ya 1 sho 1 (oh-yawh!-shonh!).
Otherside- hogwah no 1wo:dih (hoh-gwah-nonh!-wonh-deeh).
·-- Otter- dawe:edo 1 (daw-wenh-donh!).
Otter dance- dawe:edo 1 oeno• (daw-wenh-donh!--oh-anh-nonh!); [Lit. otter's--
song]. { restricted to society members }
-- Ouch !- agya:h ! (awh-gyawh).
Our ancestors- ogwahsosha 1geo 1 (ong-gwah-sohs-shah!-genh-onh!.
-- 'Our paths will cross again' - dejihnyahta: 1se 1 ae• (denh-jeeh-nyah-tawh!-senh!-
aw-ayh!).
-
.....
Ours - ognyaweh (ong-nyaw-wenh) Possessive Pronoun: Dual/Inclusive.

Ours - ogwaweh (ong-gwah-wenh) Possessive Pronoun: Plural/Inclusive.
Out door type - asde:ka:' (ahs-dayh-kawh!).
Outwit- ho'dwe,nigohge:ni' (hoh!-dwenh!-nee-gonh-genh-neeh!); [Lit. it tricked
your mind].
Outer bark - O'Wajisda' (oh!-wah-jees-dawh!).
Outer side - asde:gwah (ahs-day-gwah).
Outfit - ohgwahgwe:goh (oh-gwah-gweh-gonh); [Lit. the entire parts, the set].
Outlawed - gaihwahgwi:h (gah-ee-wah-gweeh); [Lit. erraticated issue].
Out side - asdeh (ahs-dayh).
Outside in - otgahatweh (oat-gaw-haw-twenh).
Outsmarted (him) - ho,towo'nigohge:ni' (hoh!-tonh-wonh!-nee-gonh-genh-neeh!).
Outsmarted (them) -ho•towodi'nigohge:ni• (hoh!-tonh-wonh-deeh!-nee-gonh-
genh- neeh!);[Lit. they outwitted them]. The means can be positive through
persuation or it can be negative through trickery; both tactics depend on
character.
Outstanding - ogohso:d (oh-gonh-soad).
Outstretched arm (his) - daneshoda:je' (daw-nenhs-hoh-daw-jayh!).
Ovary (Anat.) - o'hohsa• (oh!honh-sawh!); [Lit. egg].
Oven - yontahgondahgwa' (yohn-tah-gohn-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. where she bakes
bread].
Over eaten - onisheo:d (oh-nees-hay-od); [Lit. its stomach protrudes from over
eating].
Over flow - ho1dwadawe:nto:' (hoh!-dwah-daw�wan-tonh!); [Lit. it over flowed].
Over heard - wowodiwao:ga's ( wonh-wonh-dee-wah-onh-gah!-s); [Lit. they over
heard their talking; eve dropped].
Over night - ho'wenoe:d (hoh!-wen-no-ayd); [Lit. it stayed over night].
Over ripe - oyaihji:weh (oh-yaw-eeh-jee-wenh); [Lit. over ripe fruit].
'Over the brink' (it sent me) - o'dwa:gesde:n (oh!-dwah-gayhs-dehn); [Lit. it sent

- ONONDOWA1 GA: 1 GAWE:NO'
-
- me over the brink of the gorge]. This is an old term stemming from an incident
at the Devil's Hole,referring to a condition where a person's question is so
- 'profound' that there is no answer can be given by the responder, making

him/her feel "up a tree"; but worse, hopelessly "sent over the brink."
Over weight- ohse:h (oh-sanh); [Lit. its fat].
-
-.
Over slept (he)- wosonda1ne:a1 (woh-sohn-dah-nay-awhl); [Lit. his night over
ran].
Owl- 01owa:1 (ohl-oh-wawhl).
Owl brooch - 01owa1ah (ohl-oh-wawhl-awh).
Owl (great homed)- hihi:h (hee-heeh).
Owl (screech)- gwa:oh (gwah-oh).
- Ox tails----josgwaon-gehga:1 Gos-gwa-ohn--genh-gawhl); [Lit. ox/cow--tail].

Oyster- ogo:sda1 (oh-gonh-sdawhl).
p
Paces (no. of -)- niyoa1a:ge:h (nee-yoh-ah!-ah-gay); [Lit. number of steps].
Pack (you)- sadendo:ek (saw-denh-doh-ayk); [Lit. you make it dense].
..... Pack basket- yotgehdasta (yonh-tgayh-daws-tawh!); [Lit. used for hauling].
- Packed (tight) - odendo:oh (oh-denh-doh-onh); [Lit. it is dense, heavy].

Package (bundle)- ga1ho:sha 1 (gawhl-hohs-hah!).
Package (bundled)- dega1hoje:yo:h (day-gawh!-hoh-jenh-yonh).
Package (you bundle it)- dese1hoje:ye:g (day-sayh!-hoh-jenh-yayg).
Package (you unwrap it)- se 1ho:tsih (sayh!-hoh-cheeh).
-. Package (you rewrap it) - sa:se1hohje:ye:g (saw-sayhl-hoh-jenh-yayg).

Package ( you reunwrap it)- sa:se1hohtsih (saw-sayh!-hoh-cheeh).
Package (tied)- gawa:heh (gaw-waw-henh).
- Package (you tie)- swaha:h (swah-hawh).
Package (knotted)- ganosgweod (gaw-nohs-gway-od).
-- Package (you knot it)- snosgweo:deh (snohs-gway-oh-denh).
Package (you undo the knot)- snosgweo:da:goh (snohs-gway-oh-daw-goh).
--
a e o
Pacified - ga 1nigoehsyoni:h (gawh!-neeh-gonh-enh-shonh-neeh); [Lit. the mind

has been made to feel better].
Pad lock- ga'no:wa' (gawh!-noh-wawh!).
Pad lock (hanging) - ga 1nowani:yo:n (gawh!-noh-waw-nee-yohn).
Paddle - yegawehta 1 (yay-gaw-wayh-tawh!); [Lit. used for rowing].
Paddle fish- ogawihso:d (oh-gah-weeh-soad).
Paddle - gatgonya'sha' (gaw-tgonh-nyawh!-shah!); [Lit. implement to stir with].
Paddle (big) - gatgonya'syowaneh (gaw-tgonh-nyawh!-showh-waw-nenh).
Paddle (small) - negatgonya 1 sha1a:a (gaw-tgonh-nyawh!-shah!-aah).
Paddle (wide) - gatgonya 1sha:gwen (gaw-tgonh-nyawh!-shah-gwehn).
Paid- gaganya 1goh (gaw-gaw-nyah!-gonh).
Pail - gano 1ja1 (gaw-nonh!-jawh!).
Pailful - gano 1ji:h (gaw-nonh!-jeeh).
Pain- onokde' (oh-nong-dayh!); [Lit. it hurts ].
Pain (high threshold) - ohga:sde' (oh-gaws-dayh!); [Lit. it doesn't show pain].
Pain (low threshold) - ohge:oh (oh-geh-onh); [Lit. it can't take pain]. -
Pain (recurring)- sawagisdo:wi' (saw-waw-gees-doh-weeh!); [Lit. rehurt my sore].
Pain (rehurt)- o:gisdo:wi' (onh-gees-donh-weeh!); [Lit. it rehurt my pain spot].
Pain (stabbing) - dewa 1 ista' (day-wawh!-ees-tawh!); [Lit. it pierces].
Pain (subsided)- ha 1dohsagaye:dat (hawh!-donh-saw-gaw-yenh-dawt).
Pain (throbbing)- deyohgwa' (day-yoh-gwawh!); [Lit. it pulses].
Pain (unbearable)- do 1otgwe:nye:d (doh-oh-gwen-nyayd).
Pains - ono:gde:nyo' (oh-nonh-day-nyonh); [Lit. hurts here and there].
Paint brush - yohso:ta' (yonh-soh-tawh!); [Lit. used for painting/coloring].
Painter- hahso:s (hawh-sos); [Lit. he paints/colors].
Pair - deyogo 1da:' (day-hoh-gonh!-dawh!); [Lit. two of them].
Pallor, pale - deyosgenya'goh (day-yos-genh-nyah!-gonh); [Lit. it is pale].
Palm (Anat.) - agwahda' (ah-gwah-dawh!).
Pan-yeahgwa' (yay-ah-gwawh!); [Lit. used as a container].
-
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; ii as in at; e as in end; 5 as in on
Panther- dagoji•gowa:h (daw-goh-jeeh!-gog-wah); [Lit. big black cat].

Pants - gayahdowe•sha• (gaw-yawh-doe-wayh!-shah!); [Lit. thigh covers].
Paper - gayadosha• (gaw-yaw-donhs-hah!); [Lit. used for writing on].
Paper clip- gayadoshaye:no:s (gaw-yaw-donhs-hah-yay-nonhs); [Lit.holds paper].
Papered (wall)- degayadoshahne:d (day-gaw-yay-donhs-hah-nayd); [Lit. layered
with paper].
Paraphrased (word)- degaiwano•ne:d (day-guy-wah-nonh!-nayd); [Lit. it is
layered with the same meaning].
Parasol- yondeonosdahgwa' (yonh-deh-onh-rios-dawh-gwah!);[Lit. used for
shade].
- Parched (thirsty) - oa'date'oh (oh-ah!-daw-tenh!-onh); [Lit. its throat is dry].

Parched (I have)- agadehso' (ah-gaw-denh-soh!).
Parched com pudding (samp)- osho:we:• (ohs-hoh-wenh!).
Parched com coffee - o'nisdagi• (oh!-nees-daw-geeh!)
Parching corn (she is)-yode'sgondo:nyoh (yonh-dayh!-sgonh-donh-nyonh).
Parents-in-law (of same couple)- agwadeno:o• (ah-gawh-denh-noh-onh!).
Parasites (it has -) - oji'no:wo:s (oh-jeeh!-nonh-wonhs).
Parking lot - henode•sehdayendahgwa' (henh-nonh-dayh!-sayh-daw-yen-dah
gwah!); [Lit. the place where they park their cars].
Parrot (bird)- dega:kja•s (day-gawk-jawh!-s). [Lit. it breaks shells].
- Partner-desniyenowo•ko• (days-snee-yenh-nonh-wonh!-konh!);[Lit. you 2 are
holding together]. as a team.
Partnership - degayenowo'ko' (day-gaw-yenh-nonh-wonh!-konh!); [Lit. teamwork]
Partnerships - degayenowo•ko:nyo• (day-gaw-yenh-nonh-wonh!-konh-nyonh!).
Partridge (bird) - wahgwi:sas (wawh-gweeh-saws); [Lit. it drums].
Partridge berry- oshaisda' wa:ya:s (ohs-haw-ees-dawh!--wah-yaws); [Lit. snakes
eat these berries].
-- Parsnips - okdea' (oak-day-ah!); [Lit. root vegetable].
Passed (I have- by)- akahdoh (ah-kah-donh).
-
a e o
-
Passed (its)- 0 1ga:d (oh!-gawd).

Passing gas (audibly) - 0 1jo 1dod (oh!-joh!-doad).
Passing gas (publically) - wo 1 oni1dohse 1 (woh!-oh-neeh!-doh-senh!).
Passing gas (quietly) - 0 1gaisde:ni1 (oh!-guy-ees-day-neeh!)
Past- heoahdoh (hay-yoh-ah-donh).
Paste -yea1neda:kta 1 (yay-ah!-nenh-dawk-tawh!); [Lit. sticky substance used for
pasting].
Pasted- oa1neda:goh (oh-ah!-nenh-daw-gonh); [Lit. stuck on to].
Pasted (on)- ga 1neda:kdoh (gawh!-nenh-dawk-donh).
Pasted stickers - oa1ne:da:s (oh-ah!-nenh-daws); [Lit. it sticks].
Path :-- oaende 1 (oh-ah-ehn-dayh!).
Path (forked) - deyotao:ge' (day-yoh-taw-oh-genh!).
Pay (I did)- ho 1geganyak (hoh!-gay-gaw-nyawk).
Pay (I will ) - egeganyak (enh-gay-gaw-nyawk).
Peace- sgeno1 (sgenh-nonh!); [Lit. well being mentally and physically]
Peaceful future - a:sge:no1ge:og (ah-sgenh-nonh!-genh-ong).
Peace House of That Great Woman- Yegowaneh (yay-goh-waw-nenh); She was
Seneca, a Neutral Nation adoptee. Her longhouse was crossed by warriors of
both sides of the dispute on their way to battle, she provided food , as is the
custom, but she also spoke to them of peace, reminding them that ultimately
they were kin. The Peace Maker stopped at Yegowaneh' s home, after his meal,
he explained his mission for peace.
Peace maker- Deganowihdah (day-gaw-nonh-weeh-dawh). He was
born a Wyandot in the earlyllO0s, as a child he spoke of a Great Peace, ideas
-
rejected by his people. He then traveled to Mohawk country. He, along with
Jigohsahse, Sganyo:daiyo', and Hayewonta', eventually succeeded in uniting
the 5 territories (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca) and
accepting the Unity, Peace and Strength under the Great Law of Peace.
Peace-maker - Deganowihdah (day-gaw-nonh-wee-dawh). It is said that he was a
-
spiritual emissary, a 2nd Epoch person of the league-era Peace Maker come to
aid the Ogwe'oweh in their time of desperate need , warfare was rampant among
\
the people. It is said that he was born a Wyandot; that he possessed powers and
spoke of peace, later he left; sailing away in a white stone canoe. He was
adopted by the Mohawks after he proved his invulnerability, and they accepted
his peace plan. The Peace Maker continued to journey to the other four
territories speaking of a great peace. When all had assembled in Onondaga, and
after Jigohshse:' had placed the emblems of chieftainship, and all the chiefs had
been named, then the Peace Maker detailed the Great Law of the Hodinohso:ni'.
- governance which has stood for centuries of time.

Peace makers - deadiya•dowe:ta• (de-ah-dee-yawh!-doh way-tawh!); [Lit. they
deliberate]. The Seneca Nation Judicial system's 1st line of arbitrators are
known as PeaceMakers.
Peach- gae:da:e• (gah-enh-dah-ayh!); [Lit. ii has fuzz].
Peach stone - gasge•e• (gaws-genh!-enh!).
- Peach stone game- gaye:da• (gaw-yenh-dawh!).
Peacock (bird) - oahgweonyo' (oh-ah-gwenh-onh-nyonh!); [Lit. it moon marks].
Pear- oji:jo•gwa' (oh-jee-joh!-gwah!).
Pebbles- niga•sgwa•sa:a (nee-gawh!-sgwah!-s-a-ah); Lit. small stones].
- Pecking- degagenohs (day-gaw-genhn-ohs).

Pecking order - ho•dwadegagenosdo:je• (hoh!-dwa-day-gaw-genh-ohs-donh-
jayh!); [Lit. the pecking continues to go on] .
- Pecking (on wood)- joonda•e:h (ioh-ohn-dawh!-ayh); reference to wood pecker.
Pecks (on wood)- gaoda•es (gah-onh-dawh!-ays).
Peddler- haya•ah (hah-yaah!-ah); [Lit. the bag man], long ago peddlers walked the
Roads, stopping door to door, selling sewing notions, soaps, and many small
household items.
Peeking-gaganosgwaoh (gaw-gaw-nonhs-gwaw-onh); [Lit. its stealing looks].
Peel - awisda• (ah-wees-dawh!).
-
Peeled - ga'ho:tso:h (gawh!-hoh-chonh).

Peepers- dodi:s (doh-dees).
Peeping- owe:nodta' (oh-wenh-noad-tawh!); [Lit. a few early peeps].
Peevish - deyotsi'do:n (day-yoh-cheeh!-dohn); [Lit. its whiny].
Peewee (bird)- ganoni'da:s (gaw-nonh-neeh!-dawhs).
Pembroke, NY- Qa,geh (oh-ah!-gayh); [Lit. on the road].
Pen - yeyadohgwa' (yay-yaw-donh-gwah!); [Lit. used to write with].
Pencil - yeyadohgwa' (yay-yaw-donh-gwah!); [Lit. used to write with].
Pendants- yotwisdaniyodahgwa' (yonh-twees-daw-nee-yohn-dawh-gwah!).
-
Penetrated- ho'yo:goh (hoh!-yonh-goh).
Penny- sgagwenisha:d (sgaw-gwenh-nees-haad); [Lit. 1 cent].
People - o:gweh (onh-gwayh).
People of Nations - ho'tonoejo'de' (hoh!-toh-noh-enh-joh!-denh!).
People-watching - odogwe:nesdoh (oh-donh-gway-nays-donh).
Peoples - ogwehsho,oh (onh-gwayh-shonh!-onh).
Pepper- deyohsa:id (day-yoh-saw-eed); [Lit. bums the mouth].
Pepperidge- neyoga:gwa'sa:a (nay-yoh-gah-gwah!-saw-ah); [Lit. small chips].
Peppery- deyohsa:ihde:' (day-yoh-saw-eeh-dayhl); [Lit. bums the mouth].
Perch- wada:dahgwa' (wah-dah-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. a place birds/chickens sit on].
Perched (it is)- ga:ad (gaw-awd); [Lit. it is sitting on a perch].
Perfect score - ho 1 gaenda:e' (hoh!-gaw-en-daw-enh!).
Perhaps - adi'gwah (ah-deeh!-gwah).
Periodically- newa:jo' (nay-waw-jonh!); [Lit. at intervals].
Perjury- wowoiwaye:no:' (wonh-woh-eeh-waw-yay-nonh!); [Lit. they caught
him telling a lie].
Permitted - gagahye'se:h (gaw-gah-yenh-sayh); [Lit. it has been allowed].
Permission (I gave you)- gogahyehse:h (gonh-gah-yenh-sayh).
Permission (they gave us)- o:kigahye'se:h (onh-kee-gah-yenh!-sayh).
Perplexed- o'josde:en (oh!-jos-denh-en).

- ONONDOWA·GA:' GAWE:NO•
Perrysburg, NY - Ganye 1sta:geh (gaw-nyayh!-stawh!-gayh); [Lit. a hill of

chestnut trees).
Persistence - oi:syohgoh (oh-eeh-shonh-gonh); [Lit. to go on stubbornly].
Persisted (I)- 0 1ga 1te:h (oh!-gah!-tay); [Lit. I made sure it happened].
Personal chant- ado:we 1 (ah-donh-wenh!).
--
' Personal chant (he sings) - hado 1ta 1 (haw-donh!-tawh!).
Personal chant (accompaniment) - henodoishenta 1 (henh-nonh-doh-ees-hen
- tawh!).
Personality- niyagoho•de:h (nee-yaw-goh-honh!-denh)
Persuade (them)- eshe 1nigoe:gae:go 1 (enh-shayh!-nee-gonh-enh-gaw-enh-goh!);
[Lit. you'll tum their minds around].
Pestle- yete 1dahgwa 1 (yay-tayh!-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used for pounding com].
Pesky- deyo 1nowe:ha:de:• (day-yoh!-noh-wayh-hah-dayh!).
Pettiness- niyoiwa•a: (nee-yoh-eeh-wawh!-aah); [Lit it's a small issue].
Pharmacist- hanohgwa1 sha 1ah (haw-nonh-gwah!�shah!-ah); [Lit. he's into
medicines].
Pheasant- gany:o daga 1e:1 (gaw-nyoh!--daw-gah!-enh!); [Lit. wild chicken].
Philadelphia, PA-Tganodaye1 go:wa:h (tgaw-non-dah-yenh!-goh-wah); [Lit. the
big town].
Phoebe (bird) - dakyo 1jihjih (dawk-yoh!-jeeh-jeeh).
Photographer - haya 1daha 1 (haw-yawh!-daw-hawh!); [Lit. he takes pictures].
Pick (choose)- sahgoh (saah-goh); [lit. you pick out and take].
Pick flowers- saweohgoh (saw-wenh-onh-goh); [Lit. you pick flowers].
Pick up (you) - de:sek (day-sayk).
- Pick up the ball (you) - dese 1hoshak (day-sayh!..:hohs-shak).

Picked up - degahgweh (dayh-gah-gwenh).
Pickerel (fish)- jigohso:s (jee-gonh-sohs).
Picture- gaya•da:• (gaw-yawh!-dawh!).
Pictures - gaya 1deonyo1 (gaw-yawh!-denh-onh-nyonh!).

Pie- degahgwa•se:• (day-gawh-gwah!-seeh!); [Lit. 2 layers of bread].

Pied-billed grebe (bird) - ga:nyaka:' (gah-nyah-kawh!).
Pierce (I) - ga'gahta' (gawh!-gawh-tawh!).
Pierced - gahsihgwa'gahda:no' (gah-see-gwah!-gawh-daw-nonh!); [Lit. stabbed
repeatedly with a fork].
Pierced - wa'gahdoh (wah!-gawh-donh).
Pig - gwisgwis (gwees-gwees).
Pig head - gwisgwis ono'e:' (gwees-gwees--oh-nonh!-enh!).
Pig sty - ga 1 e:ye' (gawh!-enh-yanh!); [Lit. small fensed off area].
Pigeon (bird)- jahgo:wa:' (jah-goh-wawh!).
Pigeon (homing) (bird)- jahgo:wa:' (jah-goh-wawh!).
Pigeon song- jahgowa:' oehno' (jah-goh-wawh!--onh-enh-nonh!).
Pike - joga:tge' (joh-gaw-tgenh!).
Pile - ohsojo:d (oh-soh-jod); [Lit. a pile of things].
Piled (they)- wadihso:jo:de' (waw-deeh-soh-joh-denh!).
Piled high- ohso:je:s (oh-soh-jays).
Piles - ohso:jo:do' (oh-soh-joh-donh!); [Lit. piles here and there].
Pillow case- yego'syowe:gta' (yay-gonh!-show-wayg-tawh!).
Pillow -gago'sa' (gaw-gonh!-sah!); [Lit. used to support].
Pills - heyonenta' (hay-yohn-nen-tawh!); [Lit. to be swallowed].
Pilot- dea:des (day-awh-denhs); [Lit. he flies].
Pimple- onohi 1 ga:a' (oh-nonh-heeh!-ga-ah!).
Pimple (I have)- aknohi 1ga:d (awh-knonh-heeh!-ga-d).
-
Pin cushion - ye:weo:dahgwa' (yay-way-oh-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used to stick the
pins].
Pinch (you)- desahji'dowa:g (day-sah-jeeh!-doh-wag).
Pinches- dewahji 1dowa:s (day-wah-jeeh!-doh-wahs); [Lit. it pinches].
Pinches (me)- dewagahjirdowa:gta' (day-wah-gawh-jeeh!-doh-wag-tawh!); [Lit.
it pinches me].

237
Pine (white)- 0 1soa1 (oh!-sow-ah!).

Pine cone - onohgwe 1da 1 (oh-nonh-gwenh!-dawh!).
- Pinewoods (Catt. Terr.) - O•soa:go:h (oh!-sow-ah-gonh); [Lit. in the pines]. This
part of the Cattaraugus Reservation was named for its pine forests. During the
great depression of the 1930s, most of the forest of hugh pines was depleted and
sold for lumber.
- Pink - deyodetgwehdeon (day-yoh-dayd-gwenh-denh-ohn); [Lit. it is tinged with
red].
Pinned- ge:weo:d (genh-way-od); [Lit. held by a single pin or nail].
Pinned- ge:weodo• (genh-way-oh-donh!); [Lit. held by many pins or nails].
Pint - degawisdi:h (day-gaw-wees-deeh); [Lit. 2 cupfuls].
Pious - hodiwiyosdoh (hoh-dee-wee-yos-donh); [Lit. they abide by the word].
Pipe- gashogwahda 1 (gaws-hoh-gwah-dawh!); [Lit. for smoking tobacco].
Pit - ga:yadoni:h (gaw-yay-donh-neeh).
- Pitch fork - gahsigwa: 1 (gaw-see-gwah!).
Pitcher (sport) - to:je 1s (toh-jayh!s); [Lit. he throws].
Pitcher (water) - yenegahgwa 1 (yay-nay-gah-gwawh!); [Lit. to hold water].
Pitcher plant {Bot.} - ha 1nowa: hoisha1 (hah!-noh-waw--hoh�ees-hah!); [Lit.
turtle's leggings]. {medicinal plant}
Pity- adenideoh:sha1 (ah-denh-nee-denh-onh-shah!); [Lit. compassion].
Pitied - ho 1ge:de: 1 (hoh!genh-denh!); [Lit. it felt compassion for it].
Pitiful - wo 1odestet (woh!-oh-denhs-tayt).
Pittsburg, PA-Jaode:geh (jaw-onh-dayh!-gayh).
-
...... Placed temporarily - wadahgwahye 1 (waw-dawh-gwawh-yenh!).
-- Placenta- yewiyada:gwa 1 (yay-wee-yah-daw-gwah!); [Lit. it holds the fetus].

Plain - aosga 1ah (ah-oh-sgah!-ah); [Lit. by itself], nothing else.
Plain (sight)- gwa 1tiga:ye 1 (gwah!-tee-gaw-yenh!); [Lit. out in the open].
Plantain- deya:oh (day-yaw-onh).{medicinal plant}
-- Plane (tool)- gahso:wiyosta• (gaw-sonh-wee-yos-tawh!); [Lit. makes it smooth]. -
-
-.

Plank Rd. (Catt. Terr.) - Ganesda 1ge:gwa:h (gaw-nays-dah!-gay-gwah); [Lit. road

made of planks].
Planter- haye:twas (haw-yan-twas); [Lit. he plants].
Planter (it) - gaye:twas (gaw-yan-twas); [Lit. it plants]. A machine that drops
seeds, seedlings or seed potatoes into the soil.
Planting basket- yontasheyondahgwa 1 (yont-aws-hay-yonh-daw-gwah!).
Plants (in rows) - gaya 1do:do1 (gaw-yayh!-doh-donh!).
Plaster - onowo 1da 1 (oh-nonh-wonh!-dawh!).
Plateau - ga:nehdaeh (gaw-nayh-dah-enh).
Platinum - gawisdano:0 1 (gaw-wees-daw-noh-onh!).
Play ground- henontga:nye 1ta 1 (henh-non-tgaw-nyayh!-tawh!); [Lit. place where
they play].
Player- hatga:nyeh (haw-tgaw-nyayh); [Lit. he plays].
Playful (they are -) - hodiwa 1 ne:ka 1 (hoh-dee-wawh!-nay-kawh!).
Playing cards - deyeyadoshayendahgwa 1 (day-yay-way-donhs-hah-yen-dah
gwah!). Oral Tradition: It is said that playing cards is one of four evils brought
from across the ocean to cause idleness and gambling problems for the people
on Turtle Island.
Plaza- henodeninosgowa:h (henh-nonh-denh-nee-nohs-goh-wawh!); Lit. huge
shopping place].
Plea (his) - watweno:nya 1t (wah-dwenh-nonh-nyawh!-t); [Lit. he used his voice].
Pleading- godoehsyohgoh (goh-doh-ayh-shonh-gonh); [Lit. she is seeking help].
Pleading (I am) - gadenide:sta 1 (gaw-denh-nee-denhs-tawh!); [Lit.I come
humbled].
Pleasant (day) - wenitsiyo:h (wenh-nee-cheeh-yoh).
Pleased (I am) - ago 1esha 1oh (ah-gonh!-ays-hawh!-onh).
Pleasing - ao 1 e:sad (ah-onh!-ayh-sawd).
Pleiades - oditgwa 1da: 1 (oh-dee-tgwah!-dawh!). this is the cluster of the 'seven
dancers' stars, which when they place themselves straight above notifies the

people that its time for the Mid-winter ceremonies. These stars are visible in the
constellation Taurus.
Plentiful- gano:ge' (gaw-nonh-gayh!).
Pleurisy- deyago 1ista 1 (day-yaw-goh!-ees-tawh!); [Lit. it stabs her].
Plover- disdowis (dees-doh-wees).
Plow- gaehdagahatwas (guy-daw-gaw-haw-twas); [Lit. it turns over the soil].
Plowed - gaehdagahatweh (guy-daw-gaw-haw-twenh); [Lit. turned over soil].
Plug- ojia 1 (oh-jee-ah!).
Plugged - gaji:od (gaw-jee-oad); [Lit. it has been stopped up].
Plum (wild)- ga:eh (gah-ayh).
Plum- ga:eh (gah-ayh).
Plump- ohse:h (oh-senh).
--.
Pocket- yoge:sha 1 (yonh-gay-shah!).
Pockets- yohgehsyo:do 1 (yonh-gayh-shonh-donh!).
Pocketbook, purse - gatgwe 1da1 (gaw-tgwenh!-dawh!).
...... Point (you) - ho 1 se1nyohdeh (hoh!-senh!-nyoh-denh); [Lit.point your finger].
Point (you)- sahja:deh (sawh-jaw-denh).
Point (sharp-) - wa 1ao 1i: 1 (wah!-ah-oh!-eeh!); [Lit. it comes to a sharp point].
Pointed (sharp angle)- ao 1i:h (ah-oh!-eeh).
Pointed (I- at) - ho 1gahja:de 1 (hoh!-gah-jaw-denh!).
Pointer - wahja:ta1 (wah-jaw-tawh!).
Pointing- ohja:d (oh-jaw-d); [Lit. it is pointing].
Pointless- ka 1gowa:h (kawh!-goh-wah); [Lit. unimportant now].
Poison ivy- go 1ene:hdane 1 (goh!-enh-nenh-daw-nayh!).
Poison sumac - gotgo 1da:s (goh-tgoh!-dahs).
Poisoned- degayesdoh (day-gaw-yays-donh); [Lit. given a mixture].
Poisonous- otgo 1 (oh-tgonh!).
-..
Poked - 0 1 gahdoh (oh!-gaw-donh); [Lit. pierced it].
Polk milkweed- gagiswi1do:ta 1 (gaw-gees-weeh!-donh-tawh!).
-
--.
......
Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 240 '-'
ONONDOWA 1 GA:' GAWE:NO' ~
'--
Pole- 0 1e:no1 (oh!-enh-nonh!). '--
Poles (upright)- geodo:do1 (genh-onh-doh-donh!).
'-
Police- shagoye:no:s (shawh-goh-yay-nonhs); [Lit. he catches (people)].
'- ·
'-
Police Dept. - shagodiyeno:sgeh (shah-goh-dee-yay-nonhs-gayh); [Lit. the place ~
of the catchers (of people)]. '4-,
Polish- Ga1hahda 1 (gawh!-hah-dawh!). ~
t._.
Polish - deyesda:te 1 dahgwa 1 (day-yays-dah-tayh!-dawh-gwah!); [used for
polishing].
'-'
'-'
Polished- degasda:te 1 doh (day-gaws-dah-tayh!-donh).
Polite - oje:noni:h (oh-jenh-nonh-neeh); [Lit. respectful].
...
\..
Polite (you be)- saje:nonih (saw-jenh-nonh-neeh); [Lit. you be respectful].
,_
Polka-dotted - ohjahgweonyo1 (oh-jawh-gwenh-onh-nyonh!). '-'
Pollywogs - 0 1 syo:gwahdis (oh!-shonh-gwah-dees). '-'
Pond - ga:nega:e 1 (gaw-nay�gaw-eyh!); [Lit. water on the surface]. '-'
'-'
Pool hall - deadi:jiwe 1dayeo1geh (day-ah-dee-jee-wenh!-daw-yenh-onh!-gayh) ._,
Poor (its become) - o:deste 1oh (oh-denhs-tayh!-onh). ~
Poor (it is)- o:des (oh-denhs). '-'

Poplar (tree)- gano 1ga: 1 (gaw-nonh!-gah!). '-,;
Pop com - wahda:do:gwas (wawh-daw-donh-gwaws); [Lit. it pops]. '-'

~
Pop shots (he's taking) - deahde 1 sahge:nyohs (day-ah-denh!-sah-genh-nyonhs).
......
Pops (it)- wahdado:gwas (wah-daw-donh-gwahs).
"-'
Popped- ho1 wahdadai1 (hoh!-wah-daw-daw-eeh!).
'-'
Popping - ohdada:yo:h (oh-daw-daw-yonh). "-'
Populated - wonontga 1deh (who-nohn-tgawh!-denh); [Lit. became many of them]. Ir...
Populus- genjohgowa:neh (genh-joh-goh-waw-nenh); [Lit. mass of people]. \.,;
~
Porch ( on) - asgwa 1geh (ahs-gwawh!-gayh).
~
Porch (under) - wasgwagogwa:h (waws-gwawh-gonh-gwawh).
\ar
Pork- gisgwis 0 1 wa: 1 (gees-gwees--oh!-wawh!); [Lit. pig-meat]. ._
Porcupine- gahe 1 da1 (gaw-hayh-dawh!). '-,
\a.,
'-'
~
'-
"-'
- Possession (taken) - wata:a:h (wah-taw-ah); [Lit. taken ny force].
Possession (I have taken) - agahta 1a:ah (ah-gah-tah!-aah); [Lit. I took by force].
Possible (if) - to 1ogwenyoh (toh!-oh-gway-nyonh); [Lit. if it could be.. ].
Post- geohdo:d (genh-onh-doad); [Lit. standing post].
- Post/mailman- hayadosha'ah (haw-yaw-donhs-hah!-ah); [Lit. paper man].

Post Master- yeyadoshenta,geh hotgaeyo: 1 (yay-yaw-donhs-hen-tawh!-gayh
- hoh-tgaw-enh-yonh!); [Lit. he's the 'mail drop' keeper].

Post office- yeyadoshenta 1 geh (yay-yaw-dohs-hen-tawh!-gayh); [Lit. place where
they drop the paper (mail) ].
Postpone (let us) - haehdwaihwais (haw-eyh-dwa-eyh-wah-ees); [Lit. let us move
- the matter further on ahead].
Postponing- wo1oiwaisdo:je' (who!-oh-eeh-waw-ees-donh-jayhl); [Lit. the matter
is kept moving on ahead].
Pot (standing) - gano1jo:d (gaw-nonh!-jod).Before Euro-kettles were introduced,
- food was cooked in pottery ware, stones supported the pot over the fire pit.
Pot holes - deyohdadahgwao' (day-yoh-dah-dah-gwaw-onh!); [Lit. there's ruts].
Potato - onono'da' (oh-noh-noh!-dawh!).
Potato basket- yenonorda:gwa' (yay-noh-noh!-dah-gwawh!).
Potato digger- ganono'do:gwas (gaw-nonh-nonh!-doh-gwas); [Lit. it digs
- potatoes].
Potent - ga'ha:sde' (gawh!-haws-dayh!); [Lit. strong].
Pottery- O'edohgwa' gaje' (oh!-enh-doh-gwah!--gaw-jenh!); [Lit. clay dish].
Pouch- gatgwe 1da 1 (gaw-tgwenh!-dawh!).
Pounced- ho1waja rdo'ya:g (hoh!-waw-jawh!-doh!-yawg); [Lit. it threw itself at it].
Pouncing- hewaja1do1ya:s (hay-waw-jawh!-doh!-yaws); [Lit. it throws itself at it].
Pound (Measure)- sgago1 sha:d (sgawh-gonh!-shad).
Pounded wood (I have) - a'gye:dagwa:soh (ah-gyenh-daw-gwah-sonh); [Lit. I
have bruised the wood], a process in obtaining splints for basket making.
- Poured (I) - o'geonto1 (oh!-genh-ohn-toh!).
-
Poured (had been)- dweontweh (dwenh-onh-twenh).

Poured (it) - daweodat (daw-wenh-onh-dawt).
Pours (it) - dweoda 1s (dwenh-onh-dawh!-s).
Pouting- odehsohgwe:sdoh (oh-dayh-soh-gways-donh); [Lit. its lips are long].
Poverty (its in)- odeste 1oh (oh-denhs-tayh!-onh).
Powder- ote1sha 1 (oh-tayh-shlih!).
Power - ga 1hasdehsha 1 (gawh!-haws-dayh-shah!).
Practiced- wadeno 1geahdoh (waw-denh-nonh!-gay-lih-donh); [Lit. tried out].
Practicing (they are)- honodeno 1 gea:doh (hoh-nonh-denh-noh!-gay-ah-donh);
[Lit. they are trying it out].
Pray (you)- sadeno:ye:h (saw-denh-nonh-yenh).
Praying (I am- for)- dewagade:no:n (day-wah-gaw-denh-nohn).
Praying (they are)- deononde:no:n (day-oh-nohn-denh-nohn).
Prayers- gai:wa 1ne:ge 1 (guy-wah!-nay-genh!); [Lit. asks for things].
Praying mantis - wade:00 1s (waw-denh-nonh!s); [Lit. its praying].
Preacher- hadenta:nih (haw-den-tlih-neeh); [Lit. he lectures].
Preaches (he)- hodenta:ni:h (hoh-dehn-tah-neeh).
Predictions (Traditional) - ne:jawe1syo:je1 (nenh-jaw-wenh!-shonh-jayh!); [Lit.
things to happen in the future]. a few of the predictions spoken of
in the Gaiwi:yoh are the discovery of airplanes, cars; and the effects of the 4
evils, acid rain, and global warming.
Pregnant (she is)- yene:oh (yay-nay-onh).
Pregnant (showing)- goya 1 daye:de:d (goh-yawh!-daw-yenh-dayd).
Pregnant (dropped) - jo 1je 1oh (joh!-senh!-onh); [Lit. baby has dropped into place].
Pregnant (due) -wa 1agoe:we 1 (wah!-ah-goh-eyh-wenh!); [Lit. her time has come].
Premonition - 0 1gashonye:g (oh!-gaws-honh-nyeng); [Lit. it showed an omen].
Prepare (you -)- sade:sa:h (saw-days-ah); [Lit. you get ready],
Preparation dance - yodaja 1dasyonya 1ta 1 (yonh-daw-jawh!-dah-showh-nyah!
tawh!].

--
Prepared (it is -)- odehsa 1oh (oh-dayh-sawh!-onh); [Lit. it is ready].
Prepared (I am•·)- agadesa1oh (ah-gaw-dayh-sawh!-onh); [Lit. I am ready].
Prepared (she is -)- godehsa1oh (goh-dayh-sawh!-onh); [Lit. she is ready].
- Prepared (public is) - honodehsa1oh (hoh-nonh-dayh-sawh!-onh); [Lit.they're

ready].
Prepared food - gakwihsa1oh (gaw-kwih-sawh!-onh); [Lit. ready made food].
- Presenter- taiwage:sgwas (taw-eeh-wah-gays-gwas); [Lit. he brings up the issue].
President- hanondaga:nyas (haw-nohn-daw-gaw-nyahs); [Lit.town destroyer].
-- This name originated when 1st president Geo. Washington ordered the
destruction of numerous villages and crops of the Hodinohsoni' in the Genese
areas.The name has been applied to U.S. presidents ever since.
Pretence- a:we:d (aw-wayd); [Lit. pretends].
Previously- ga:0 1 (gaw-oh!); [Lit. this side of..].
Prey (on one's mind) - esaenodahe 1s (enh-saw-enh-nohn-daw-hayh!-s); [Lit. the
voice will enter within your mind].
Price (how much)- niyoga' ? (nee-yoh-glih!).
Price (I've charged for)- agega:hdoh (ah-gay-glih-donh).
--. Price (whole)- oga:gwe:goh (oh-glih-gway-gonh).
Prick (finger) - gayewe'gahdoh (gaw-yenh-wenh!-gah-donh).
Pricked- 0 1 gahdoh (oh-gawh-donh); [Lit. its been stabbed].
Prickly- 0 1 gahde: 1 (oh!-gah-dath!).
Pride - odaja 1danoohgoh (oh-daw-jawh!-daw-noh-onh-gonh); [Lit. values itself].
Priest- hajesda:ji' (haw-jenhs-daw-jeeh!); [Lit. he's in black].
Prince's pine- onehde:sohs (oh-nenh-day-sonhs); [Lit. long leaves].
Printing press- degaisdo:wa:s (day-guy-stow-waas); [Lit. it presses the words].
Prior - jojeehdoh (joh-jay-enh-donh); [Lit. to begin with].
- Prisoner- howoshe:ne' (honh-wonhs-hay-nenh!); [Lit. he's held captive].

Probably- no:nlih (nonh-nlih). { C-P}
Procrastinating- odesha:ya'doh (oh-days-haw-yah!-donh); [Lit. its being slow].

Progressing- otgi:sdohje 1 (oat-gees-donh-jayh!); [Lit. its moving forward].

Promiscuous - 0 1noweha:d (oh!-noh-way-haad); [Lit. its bothersome].
Promised (I)- agi:wihsa•oh (ah-geeh-weeh-sah!-onh); [Lit. I gave my word].
Promised (word) - wadiwihsa1oh (waw-dee-weeh-sawh!-onh); [Lit. a promised
plan].
Prompter- hasha:gwa:nih (haws-hah-gwaw-neeh); [Lit. he reminds ].
Propane gas- ohse:no 1 (oh-senh-nonh!).
Proper (behavior)- ode 1nigo:sdoh (oh-denh!-nee-gonhs-donh); [Lit. its behaving].
Property (personal) - ashenonyasha1 (ahs-hen-nonh-nyahs-hah!); [Lit. things and
belongings which make a person comfortable].
Property (my personal)- agashenonyahsha 1 (ah-gaw-sheh-nonh-nyah-shah!); [Lit.
my things and belongings which make me confortable].
Property (home area) - ganogesha1 (gaw-nonh-gays-hah!).
Property (my)- aga:twe: 1 (ah-gaw-twenh-enh!); [Lit. my plot, area, garden].
Prostate - onyo1gwa1 (oh-nyoh!-gwawh!); [Lit. nut].
Prostitute (F)- godadagteo 1 (goh-daw-daw-tgay-onh!; [Lit. she sells herself].
Prostitute (M) - hodadatgeo 1 (hoh-daw-daw-tgay-onh!); [Lit. he sells himself].
Protect (you) - dese 1nyado:h (denh-senh!-nyaw-donh! [put your fingers around it].
Protect eachother - desnyadaje 1nya:do: 1 (denh-snyah-daw-jenh!-nyah-donh!); [Lit.
keep your fingers around eachother].
Protected- dewe 1nyado 1 (day-wenh!-nyah-donh!); [Lit. fingers around it].
Protective - onosde 1 (oh-nonhs-dayh!); [Lit. it treasures it].
Protecting- deyo:sha: 1 (day-yos-hawh!); [Lit. its guarding].
Protocol - gaiwahdehgoh (gah-eeh-wah-dayh-gonh); [Lit. process].
Protrudes - dewa1 ha:1s (day-wawh!-hah!-s); [Lit. it sticks out].
Protruding- dewa1 ha: 1 (day-wah!-hawh!); [Lit. its sticking out].
Proud- gano:yeh (gaw-nonh-yayh).
Provided (I)- dwagatga 1weh (dwaw-gaw-tgah!-wenh)); [Lit. I have given].
Provided- dwatga1weh (dwah-tgah!-wenh); [Lit. given].

-
245
Pry (it) - sesho:ah (says-hoh-ah).

-- Psychic (he is) - heneyo: 1 (henh-nay-yonh!); [Lit. he tells fortunes].
Public - o:gweh (onh-gwayh); [Lit. the people].
Public (in)- yogwe1dago:h (yonh-gwayh!-daw-gonh); [Lit. in among people].
Public (at large)- gejohgwa 1geh (genh-joh-gwah!-gayh).
Public at large (in) - genjohgwago:h (genh-joh-gwaw-gonh).
Public outcry - hadi 1sto:d (haw-deeh!-stoad); [Lit. they are voicing].
......
Public (make) - desadio:gwad (day-saw-dee-oh-gwad); [Lit. you spread the word].
Publicized- deyodio:gwahdoh (day-yoh-dee-oh-gwah-donh); [Lit. word is spread].
Published- degaisdowa:goh (day-gaw-ees-doh-wlih-gonh).
Puck - yeyenta 1 (yay-yen-tawh!); [Lit. used for hitting].
Puckering (lips)- osgwe:goh (ohs-gweh-gonh).
Puckering (material)- wadosgwihsyoh (waw-donh-sgweeh-shonh).
Pudding-ojisgwa 1 (oh-jees-gwah!); [Lit. mush].
Puffball - dewaje 1 gweo:gwas (day-waw-jenh!-gway-oh-gwaws); [Lit. it puts out
smoke]. Tender edible puffballs are white, when they become dry and brown
they emit a brown 'smoke' when squeezed; smoke is used to stop bleeding.
Puffy eyes - deyogao1gwao1 (day-yoh-gaw-oh!-gwaw-onh!).
Pulse - deyohgwa1 (day-yoh-gwah!); [Lit. it beats].
Pull (you) - dasahje:ntoh (daw-sah-jenh-toh).
Pulling (I am) - tgaje:twas (tgaw-jenh-twahs).
Pulling (its) - jojetweh (ioh-jenh-twenh).
Pull weeds (you) - se 1eohdo:goh (sayh!-ayh-oh-doh-goh).
--- Pump (water) -gahjenta• (gawh-jehn-tawh!); [Lit. it brings up water].

Pumps (she -) - yehjenta 1 (yay-jehn-tawh!); [Lit. she brings up water].
Pumpkin- o:nyohsowa:neh (oh-nyonh-soh-waw-nenh); [Lit. big squash].
Punch (paper) - yo 1gaenta 1 (yoh-guy-ehn-tawh!); [Lit. it makes holes].
Punishment- gaehwahdasha 1 (gaw-ayh-wah-daws-hah!).
Punished - gaewahdoh (gaw-ahy-wah-donh).

Punishment (type)- ne:gaihwahdahsyo 1de:h (nay-gaw-ayh-wah-dah-showh!-

denh].
Pupil (of eye) (Anat.) - osdeo 1gwa1 (ohs-day-oh!-gwah!); [Lit. bead].
Purging - eseniya1gwad (enh-senh-nee-yawh!-gwad).
Purple- oshea 1e:1 (ohs-hay-ah!-enh!); [Lit. color of pokeweed berries].
Purple - dewahsohgwa1se:1 (day-wah-soh-gwah!-sayh!); [Lit. mix of two colors].
Purple limas - aweoda:goh (ah-weh-onh-daw-gonh); [Lit. dark flowers].
Purple trillium- osiga1a:1 (oh-see-gah!-ah!).
-
Purse - gatgwe 1da 1 (gaw-tgwenh!-dawh!).
Pursing (your lips)- sasgwe:goh (saws-gway-gonh).
Purified (body)- saja•dagehso:h (saw-jawh!-daw-genh-sonh).
Purulence - otgehsa• (oh-tgenh�shah!); [Lit. infection matter].
Pus - otgehsa' (oh-tgenh-shah!); [Lit. infection matter].
Pussy willow- osehda1 (oh-sayh-dawh!).
Put aside- wakah ishis (wak-awh-ees-hees).
Put it away (you)- sehseno:nih (sayh-senh-nonh-neeh).
Put ( into) - sonda:h (sohn-dawh); [Lit. you put it into..].
Put (he- it on it)- wa:e• (wah-enh!).
Put (I will- it on it)- e:ke• (enh-kenh!).
Putrid- otge:h (oat-genh); [Lit. rotten].
Puts (he - it on.. )- ha:eha 1 (haw-ayh-hawh!).
Puttied - deyoekdoh (day-yoh-ayk-donh); [Lit. glazed].
Putty- deyodo:ekdahgwa' (day-yoh-doh-ayk-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used for glazing].
Q
Quail- gohgwai 1 (goh-gwa-eeh!).
Quaker Bridge, NY -Ha 1deyoya:ya1kdoh (hawh!-day-yoh-yaw-yak-donh); [Lit.
where the road crosses the river].
Quaker school- Hodiwiyosdo:neh (ho-dee-wee-yos-donh-nayh); [Lit. they keep
the good word]. This was a resident missionary school in Allegany.

orphaned children from the Six Nations were placed there, local
Allegany children made short term stays. Education went to 10th grade. The
school's intent was the same as other non-native efforts common at that time,
to eradicate the native language and to teach a different culture.
Quakers - odi 1kaes (oh-deeh!-kaw-ays); [Lit. the women wear long skirts].
Quarantine - wao:sahjawe:de 1 (waw-onh-sawh-jawh-way-denh!).
- Quarrel (they) - deya:dasahs (day-yaw-dahs-ahs); [Lit. those 2, they quarrel].
- Quarreling - dewadasha 1oh (day-waw-das-hawh!-onh).

Quarrelsome - oi:ha: 1 (oh-ee-hawh!).
Quart- gashe1di:h (gas-hayh!-deeh); [Lit. one jar full].
Quarter - degahsyo 1 sha:ge:h (day-gaw-shonh!-shah-gayh); [Lit. 2 shillings], The
British came to this land with money values in shillings, each shilling being
12.5, (sga:sycYshad), then the name and value changed to 'quarter, worth 25
cents'. Our word for shilling remained and doubled the value.
- Quavering song -yi:oda: 1ta 1 [trembling voice] restricted to society members].
- Quavering (ceremony) - yi:oda: 1ta 1 (yee-onh-dawh!-tawh!); [Lit. making the

words quaver].
Queen- gowehgowa:h (go-wenh-go-wawh); Lit. she claims everything].
Questioning- wadaodo: 1 (waw-daw-onh-donh!); [Lit. its asking].
Questioning (I am) - gadaodo:nyoh (gaw-daw-onh-donh-nyonh); [Lit. I am asking
questions].
Quick- osno:we1 (ohs-no-wayh!).
Quick sand- gaeyo: 1 (gaw-anh-yoh!).
Quick tempered- ono 1kwesgo:h (oh-noh!-kwenhs-gonh); [Lit. it angers quickly].
- Quickly- osnowa:je 1 (ohs-no-wayh!).
Quiet !- dewadi 1sta:je:h !(day-waw-deeh!-staw-jayh); [Lit. stop the speaking!].
Quill box - ohe1da 1 gaosha 1 (oh-hayh!-dawh!--gaw-oh-shah!); [Lit. quill--box].
Quill- ohe 1da 1 (oh-hayh!-dawh!).
Quilt- ganya 1kao' (gaw-nyawh!-kaw-onh!); [Lit. pieced up cut up pieces] often
-
J J J j
known as 'crazy quilt'.
J
Quilt block- oisda' (oh-ees-dawh!); [Lit. a block of pieces (in design)].
Quilt blocks - gaisdahkao' (gaw-ees-dawh-kaw-onh!); [Lit. block quilt] these
Quilts are planned design and named: log cabin, wedding ring, etc ...
jJJJJJjJJJ.JJJjJ
Quilting (on a frame) - wade 1sa:do 1 (wah-dayh!-sah-donh!).
Quit - 0 1weni:he: 1 (oh!-wenh-nee-henh!); [Lit. it stopped].
Quitter (habitual)- honi:he 1sgo:h (ho-nee-henh!-sgonh).
Quiver - ga1da:sha 1 (gawh!-daw-shah!).
Quiver dance- ga 1 da:syo:d (gawh!-daw-showd), [Lit, standing quiver].
Quivered- ho1 joni 1 e:g (hoh!-joh-neeh!-ayg); [Lit. it shook], trembled.
R
Rabbit- gwa1 yo: 1 (gwah!-yonh!).
Rabbit song- gwa 1 yo: 1 oe:00 1 (gwah!-yonh!--oh-enh-nonh!).
Raccoon- jo 1a:ga1 (joh-ah-gawh!).
Raccoon song- jo 1 a:ga1 oe:no1 (ioh!-ah-gawh!--oh-enh-nonh!).
Race car - dewajanoeha 1 (day-waw-jaw-noh-eh-hawh!); [Lit. it races].
Race horse - dewajanoeha 1 (day-waw-jaw-noh-eh-hawh!); [Lit. it races].
Radio - wadenota 1 (waw-denh-noh-tawh!); [Lit. it sings].
Raft- gawe:001 (gaw-way-nonh!); [Lit. island].
J J
Raft (flotilla)- waenontwe•no:ni (waw-enh-non-twayh!-nonh-neeh!); [Lit. they
1
J j j j j j J J }
put their rafts together].
Ragged- odahgi 10:ni:h (oh-dah-geeh!-onh-neeh).
Rail crossing gate - tga•e:e s (tgawh!-enh!-s); [Lit. the gate comes down]
1
Railing - ga1e:de 1 (gawh!-enh-dayh!).

Railroad coaches- ganohsi:yo 1s (gaw-nonh-see-yoh!s); [Lit. good houses].
Railroad (tracks)- gewe:dehda: 1 (genh-wenh-denh-dawh!); [Lit. laid rails].
Rails (on the -)- gewe: 1geh (genh-wenh!-gayh).
Rain (breaking)- degasda:nya1s (day-gaws-daw-nyah!s).
J J J ) J J J }
Rain (cold)- osda:no:h (ohs-dah-noh).

-
Rain (coming)- dayosdeojo:je 1 (dah-yos-denh-onh-jonh-jayhl).
Rain (constant)- 0 1nigo:wi:h osdeo:joh (oh!-nee-go-weeh--ohs-denh-onh-jonh).
- Rain (dripping)- gasdeo:kas (gaws-day-oh-kaws).

Rain (frequent)- gasda:noeh (gaws-dah-noh-eyh).
Rain (heavy)- osdeowanehdoh (ohs-day-oh-waw-nenh-donh).
Rain (in sheets)- wadidohje 1 (wah-dee-donh-jayh!); [Lit. they are standing]
Rain (misting)- 0 1ayohjo:h (oh!-aw-yon-jonh).
- Rain (pouring)- josdaehdoh (jos-daw-enh-donh).

Rain (predicted)- eyosdeodi 1 gyo 1 oh (enh-yos-denh-onh-deehl--gyonh!-onh).
- Rain (scattered)- 0 1 aeyohje 1s (oh!aw-yonh-jayh!s).

Rain (sound of) osda:ga:h (ohs-dah-gawh).
Rain (sprinkling)- odesda:denyo:h (oh-days-dah-day-nyonh).
Rain (warm) - osda:nowe:h (ohs-dah-nonh-wenh).
Rain drop- osda: 1 (ohs-dawhl).
Rain stops- 0 1gasdae:to 1 (oh!-gaws-daw-enh-tohl).
- Rain water - osda:gi' (ohs-dah-geeh!).
- Rainbow- 0 1hao:d (oh!-haw-od).

Rainbow (formed) - 0 1ga 1heode 1 (oh!-gawh!-hay-oh-denhl).
Raining - osdeojo:h (ohs-deh-onh-jonh).
-- Rainy - osdeohje 1s (ohs-deh-onh-jayhls).
Rainy season- gasda:noeh (gaws-dah-no-ayh).
Raised - degahgwa 1doh (day-gawh-gwah!-donh).
Raised dough- otahgwe1gwehdoh (oh-tah-gwenh!-gwenh-donh).
Rake - ye 1eohde:kta 1 (yayh!-ay-oh-dayk-tawh!); [Lit. used for gathering hay].
Random- ganyo 1agwah (gaw-nyoh!-aw-gwah); [Lit. here and there].
Rapid- osnowe' (ohs-noh-wayh!).
- Rapids- onowe:doh (oh-nonh-wenh!-donh).
- Rare- ga:ge:' (gaw-gayhl); [Lit. hard to find]
- Rare (doneness)-johtgwehsa:d (joh-tgwenh-sah); [Lit. a touch of blood].

Rare - de,ganoge' - (dayh!-gaw-nonh-gayh!); Lit. unusual].

Rasp - ganyo'sga:e' (gaw-nyonh!-sah-ayh!); [Lit. it has notches].
Rasping sticks - ga:nyo'sga:' (gaw-nyonh!-sgah!); [Lit. used for music].
Rat - jinohdaiyo'gowa:h (jee-nonh-daw-eeh-yonh!-goh-wawh); [Lit.big mouse].
Rattle (s) - gasdowe'sa• (gaws-doh-wenh!-shah!).
*Bark rattle- osno 1 gasdowe 1sa' (ohs-nonh!--gaws-doh-wenh!-shah!).
*Box turtle rattle- ga'ja:sgwa' ha'nowa:h gasdowe 1sa1 (gah!-jaw-sgwah!-
hawh!-noh-wah--gaws-donh-wenh!-shah!).
*Gourd rattle- onyohsa' gasdowe1sa' (oh-nyonh-sawh!--gaws-donh-wenh!-shah!).
*Hom rattle - ono'ga: 1 gasdowe'sa1 (oh-nonh!-gah!--gaws-donh-wenh!-shah!).
*Nut rattle (coconut)- onyo 1gwa 1 gasdowe'sa1 (oh-nyoh!-gwah!--gaws-donh-
wenh!-shah!).
*Tin rattle- gaisdatgos gasdowe'sa1 (guys-daw-tgohs--gaws-donh-wenh!-shah!.
*Turtle (snapping)- hanyahde:h ha'nowa:h gasdowe 1sa' (haw-nyah-denh
hawh!-noh-wawh!--gaws-donh-wenh!-shah!).
Rattling- osdowe 1sa:ga:h (ohs-doh-wenh!-sah-gawh).
Rattle snake root- ohsigweon odinyos (oh-see-gwenh-ohn--oh-dee-nyohs); [Lit.it
kills snakes]
Rattle snake - ohsigweon (oh-see-gweh-ohn).
Raven (myth) - ga'ga:'go:wa:h (gawh!-gawh!-goh-wah).
Raw - otgos (oat-gonhs).
Reach (not within our -)- ejagwe'nyo 1kde' (enh-jaw-gwenh!-nyoh!-denh!);
[Lit.our fingers will fall short].
Reach (unable to -)-done'nyok (doh-nenh!-nyok); [Lit. fingers too short].
Realized- ho 1gaiwaho' (hoh!-guy-waw-hoh!); [Lit. it was understood.. ].
Real People - Ogwe1oweh (onh-gwayh!-onh-wayh). It is said that this is the name
the Creator named his original people during the early days on Turtle Island.
Realtors- honohnohsatgeo' (hoh-noh-noh-saw-tgay-onh!); [Lit. they sell houses].
Really!? - doges !? (doh-gays).
-
Rear__ (at the)- no 1ge: 1gwah (nonh!-genh!-gwawh).

Reason being- ne1-gaiyonih (nayh!-guy-onh-neeh).
Recaptured- sga:ye:no' (sgaw-yay-nonh!); [Lit. caught again].
Receded water- dejo:nega:sde:h (day-joh-nay-gaws-dayh); [Lit. water's down].
Receding water- osdeahje 1 (ohs-day-ah-jayh!); [Lit. waters going down].
Receive (they will) - eodi:ya 1do:went (ayh-oh-dee-yayh!-doh-wenht).
Received (I) - o:gya 1do:went (onh-gyawh!-doh-wehnt).
Received (you) - e:saya 1do:went (ayh-saw-yayh!-doh-wenht).
Reckless (he is)- ha:sye 1daji:noh (hah-shenh!-daw-jee-nonh).
Recognized- sagaye:de: 1 (saw-gaw-yenh-dayh!); [Lit. it was familiar again].
Reoccurance- dodayotgent {donh-daw-yoh-tgent); [Lit. it started again].
Recover (it will-from illness)- e:swo:do 1 (enh-swonh-donh!).
-- Recovered (from sickness) -jodo:gwe:h Goh-donh-gway).

Recovered (fully)- sawado:gwe:jih (saw-waw-donh-gwayh-jeeh).
Recovering (from illness) -jodo:gwe:aje 1 Goh-donh-gway-ah-jayh!).
Rectangular- gaswe:s (gaws-ways).
Rectangular pan- gakse:s (gawk-says); [Lit. long pan].
Red- otgwehda:e: 1 (oat-gwenh-dah-enh!); [Lit. color of blood].
Red bellied snake - tgo 1dahe 1 (tgonh!-daw-henh!).
-
.......
Red clover- seh niyonehdo:n (senh--nee-yoh-nenh-dohn); [Lit. 3 leaf clover].
Red headed woodpecker- ogwa:e' (oh-gwah-enh!).
Red hot- deyone:yo:n (day-yoh-nenh-yohn).
Red House, NY (Alleg. Res)-Joe 1hesta 1 [Lit. where it stops]. The village of Red
House was named for the red painted building in the early days, which housed
--. raftsmen on the Allegany river. Later, when there were trains, a depot was near
there. In the mid 1960s, during the taking of Seneca lands for the Kinzua Dam,
the entire community of Red House was destroyed and the Seneca people, (as
well as non-Seneca families) had to relocate, most families went to
Jimersontown, some to swampy Steamburg relocation area.
-
......

Red Jacket- Shagoyewa:ta 1 (S-haw-go-yay-waw-tawh!); [Lit. he causes them to

be awake]. Born in 1755 - 1830, a nephew of Handsome lake; the Seneca Chief
Shagoyewa:ta' 's skills lay more in diplomacy and oratory than in waging war.
He was a major leader during the late 18th and 19th centuries. The name 'Red
jacket' came from a scarlet coat given him by the British.
Red maple- gohso:1 (gonh-soh!); [Lit.tree suitable for pounding out basket splints]
Red oak- ogo:wa' (oh-goh-wah!). -
Red raspberry- dogwa 1da:ne' (doh-gwah!-dah-nenh!).
Red tailed hawk - oswe'gada'gea' (ohs-wenh!-gah-dah!-gay-ah!). -
Red tint - jodetgwehda:d (ioh-day-tgwenh-dawd); [Lit. a bit of red there].
Red tone- jodetgwehda:d (ioh-day-tgwenh-dawd); [Lit. a bit of red there].
Red willow- gwehda:e:1 osehda' (gwenh-dah-enh!--oh-sayh-dawh!).
Reed - gano:da' (gaw-noh-dawh!).
Reemerged- dodawahdo:go' (donh-daw-wah�doh-goh!); [Lit. it came up again].
Reemerging- swahdo:gwas (swah-doh-gwaws); [Lit. it keeps coming up].
Referee - hatgae:o:s (hah-tgaw-enh-yonhs); [Lit. he watches].
Refilled- sgano:hehdoh (sgaw-nonh-hayh-donh).
Refix (you- it)- sasesyo:nih (saw-says-shonh-neeh).
Refrigerator - gano'nosta' (gaw-nonh!-nohs-tawh!); [Lit. it cools it].
Refuse dump- otgi' heonoswata• (oh-tgeeh!--hay-oh-nonhs-swah-tawh!).
Regurgitated - dodayo:di' (donh-daw-yoh-deeh!); [Lit. it threw back up, or out].
Reindeer- ojia:ne 1 da' (oh-jee-ah-nenh!- dawh!).
Reintroduced (issue)- sgaiwahge:sgweh (sguy-wah-gayh-sgwenh); [Lit. the
matter has been raised up again].
Rejected- wada'sehdoh (waw-dawh!-senh-donh); [Lit. discarded].
Rejects (he)- hada'senta' (haw-dawh!-sen-tawh!).
Relationship - gano:gsha' (gaw-nonh-shah!); [Lit. kinship].
Relatives - gano:gsho' (gaw-nong-shonh!)
Relatives (my)- keno:gsho' (kay-nong-shonh!).

-
Relatives (our) - dwadenogsho' (dwaw-denh-nong-shonh!).
Relatives (your) - she:no:gsho' (shay-nong-shonh!).
Released (I)- ho'ga:tga' (hoh!-gaw-tgawh!); [Lit. I let it go].
Relieved (mind) - 01 we 1nigoehse: 1 (oh!-wenh!-nee-goh-sayh!).
Reliable - ga 1 gahgoh (gah!-gah-gonh); [Lit. able to lean against it].
- Religion (general)- gaiwiyosdak (guy-wee-yos-dawk); [Lit. good word].
Relinquished - watga 1 weh (waw-tgawh!-wenh); [Lit. its been let go].
Relocated (they)- waenontgei:s (waw-enh-non-tge-ees); [Lit. they moved].
Relying (on)- agada'gahgoh (ah-gaw-dawh!-gah-gonh); [Lit. I'm leaning
- against it].
Remain (I) - gi'jO' (geeh!-jonh!); [Lit. I am here, home].
Remaining- odadeo:h (oh-daw-denh-onh); [Lit. left over].
Remember (I )- agasha:'s (ah-gaws-hah!s).
Remember (you) - sasha: 1s (saws-hawh!-s).
Remembered (just now) - sawagasha:t (saw-waw-gaws-hawt); [Lit. it just now
came back to me].
- Remembering (things) - agasha 1syoh (ah-gaws-hah!-shonh).

Reminded (me)- sawagasha:t (saw-waw-gaws-hawt).
Reminded me of)- sawagasha:gwe 1 (saw-waw-gaws-hah-gwenh!).
--
-
Reminded (you - me) -sasgasha:gwe 1 (saws-gaws-hah-gwenh!).
Reminds (me of)- agasha:gwanih (ah-gaws-hah-gwaw-neeh).
Remove (you)- s0 1ne:g (soh!-nayg); [Lit. you take it away].
-- Removed (them)- wowodiya'do1ne:g (wonh-wonh-dee-yawh!-donh!-nayg); [Lit.
they removed the people].
Removed (taken away) - hehga:h (hay-gawh).
- Removed (taken out) - gadahgweh (gaw-dawh-gwenh).
Repented (I did)- sagada:te:wad (saw-gaw-daw-tay-wawd).
-.
Repenting (I am) - sgada:te:wahta' (sgaw-daw-tay-wah-tah!).
Reply - detgahsnye'oh (day-tgawh-snyayh!-onh).
--. Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a· as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Reporters- hadi:we:s (haw-dee-ways); [Lit. they gather news].

Representative- shedwahse:no 1 (shay-dwah-senh-nonh!); [Lit.he carries our name].
Reputation - gawenohdasha 1 (gaw-wenh-nonh-daws-hah!); [Lit. its in the name].
Request- wadoihsyohgoh (waw-doh-ayh-shonh-gonh).
Requested (I) - ho 1gadoihsyog (hoh!-gaw-doh-ayh-shong).
Researchers- hadiwihsa:s (haw-dee-weeh-saws).
Resembles- desgayeo:da:' (days-gaw-yonh-dawh!).
Reservation status- okiyoe:jani:h (onh-kee-yoh-enh-jaw-neeh); [Lit. they have
reserved land for us]. This refers to the pockets of lands 'reserved' for the
Senecas under the negociated Compromise Treaty of 1842 when all Seneca
territories was lost through the Buffalo Creek Treaty.
Reserved - ganokdoda:ni:h (gaw-nong-doh-daw-nee); [Lit. saved a place for]
Reserved - ga:gweh (gah-gwenh); [Lit. set aside for]
Resourceful- 01nigowaneh (oh!-nee-goh-waw-nenh); [Lit. big mind].
Respect - ojenoni 1sha 1 (oh-jenh-nonh-nees-hah!); [Lit. decent personal conduct].
Respectful (in action) - ojenoni:h (oh-jenh-nonh-neeh).
Respectful (verbal)- oiwago:nye:s (oh-eeh-wah-gonh-nyenhs).
-
Responsible (he is) hoya 1dahdani:h (hoh-yawh!-dah-daw-neeh).
Rest (I will relax)- egadoishe: 1 (enh-gaw-doh-ees-henh!).
Rest (I did)- ho 1gadoishe:h (hoh!-gaw-doh-ees-henh!).
Resting ( I am) - gadoisheo 1 (gaw-doh-ees-henh-onh!).
Resting (he, in death) - wadoishe:1 (wah-doh-ees-henh!).
Resting (she, in death)- wo 1ohdoishe: 1 (wonh!-onh-doh-ees-henh!).
Restitution- sga:iwahsyo:ni:h (sgah-eeh-wah-shonh-neeh); [Lit. made right].
Restart - dejohdago' (denh-joh-daw-goh!); [Lit. to try again].
Restaurant - henodekonya 1ta 1 (henh-nonh-day-konh-nyah!-tawh!); [Lit. the place
where they go to eat].
Restlessness (it is-) - da1ayo 1ni:goeyoh (dayh!-ah-yoh!-nee-goh-enh-yoh); [Lit.
its mind is not at ease].

Restrained- gadowa:goh (gaw-doh-wah-gonh); [Lit. its being held down].

Resumed (issue)-hesgaiwa:gweh (hays-guy-waw-gwenh); [Lit. the matter has
been brought back].
Resurrection (Christian) - detotgeoh (day-toh-tgenh-onh); [Lit. He arose].
Resurfaced - sawado 1gak (saw-waw-doh!-gahk); [Lit. it came up again].
Retardation - jodok (joh-dok); [Lit. lacking].
Retrieved- hesga:gweh (hays-gaw-gwenh); [Lit. gotten back)].
Revealed - ho1yodahsi 1 (hoh!-yoh-daw-seeh!); [Lit. it exposed it].
Revelations (Christian)- nejawehse1 (nay-jaw-wenh-sayh!); [Lit. coming events].
Reverberating� deyo:tga:h (day-yoh-tgawh); [Lit. making noise every where].
Reversed- dondahwahge:d (donh-daw-wah-gayd); [Lit. it backed up].
Reversed decision- desgaiyowahdenyo:h (days-guy-yoh-wah-day-nyonh); [Lit.
the matter was turned around].
Revised (word)- sgaiwahsyo:ni:h (sgaw-eeh-wah-showh-neeh); [Lit. the matter
.....
was reworded.].
Revisited (I)- heswagakdo:no 1 (hays-wah-gak-donh-nonh!); [Lit. there again].
Revived - sawadohe:d (saw-waw-donh�hayd), [Lit. came back to life].
Rhinoceros - nya1 gwaehe1 (nyawh!�gwah-eeh-hayh!).
Rhubarb - 0 1no:da1 (oh!-noh-dawh!); [Lit. thick stalk].
Ribbon - ga1hesa1 (gaw!-hayh-sah!).
Ribboned - ode 1hehso:d(oh-dayh!-hayh-soad); [Lit. a ribbon on it].
Ribbon (you put a ribbon on it)- se1 hehso:deh (sayh!-hayh-soh-denh).
Rib cage (Anat). - oswa1 (ohs-wawh!).
Rice - 0 niyosda:ge:n (oh!-neeh-yohs-daw-gehn); [Lit. white grains].
1
Ride (I will- on animal's back)- ewogehsa:de1 (enh-wonh-gayh-saw-denh!).

Ride (in any moving vehicle) - ewoge1 se:1 (enh-wonh-gayh!-sayh!).
Ridge - gaenode1 (guy-nonh-dayh!).
Ridicule - wadedonya1doh (waw-denh-doh-nyah!-donh); [Lit. made fun ofJ.
Ridiculing (he is)- hodweno:we:h (how-dwenh-noh-wenh).

Ridiculous!- wa:tsisneh ! (waw-chees-nenh); { old expression}

Riding (I am- on animal's back)- agehse' (ah-gayh-sayh!).
Riding (I am- in vehicle) - age 1se 1 (ah-gayh!-sayh!).
Right (correct) - joyi:sdoh (joh-yees-donh).
Right (handed)- gayo:sdo:gwa:h (gaw-yonhs-donh-gwah).
Right (legal) - gayaneshe' (gaw-yay-nays-hayh!); [Lit. following the law].
-
l
Right (now)- oneh-shoh-koh (oh-nenh--shonh--koh). { C-P}

Right (yes)- doges (doh-gays).
Right then- wa:eh-nah (waw-eyh--nah). { C-P}
Rights - hodiwanoohgoh (hoh-dee-waw-no-onh-gonh); [Lit. established laws].
Ring (around) - deyotwaheh (day-yoh-twah-henh).
Ring (finger) - e'nyahasha' (enh!-nya-haws-hah!); [Lit. for the finger].
-
Ring (you - the bell)- sisdo:da:t (sees-donh-dawt).
Ringing (bell is -)- oisda:ga:h (oh-ees-daw-gawh).
Rinse (you) - segehsih (say-genh-seeh).
Rinsed - gagehso:h (gaw-genh-sonh).
Ripe fruit - oya:ih (oh-yaw-eeh).
Ripening - wayai:s (waw-yaw-ees).
Ripped - deyoda'negeoh (day-yoh-dah!-nay-genh-onh); [Lit. tom].
River - geho:de' (genh-hohn-dayh!).
River bed (dry) - onegasde:h (oh-nay-gaws-dayh).
River (main) - gehowaneh (genh-hoh-waw-nenh); [Lit. big river].
River (wide) - geho:gwen (genh-hohn-gwehn).
Roach- gahe 1 da 1 oge'a' gasdowa' (gaw-hayh!-dawh!--oh-gayh!-ah!--gaws-doh-
wah!); [Lit. porqupine-hair-head dress].
Road- oa:de' (oh-ah-dayh!).
Road (at the corner) - heyo:tsosgwa:d (hay-yoh-chohs-sgwad).
Road (at the tee)- de:johtao:ge' (day-joh-taw-oh-genh).
Road (closed)- ota:jio:d (oh-taw-jee-ohd).

- Road (cross roads)- dewahta'se: 1 (day-wah-tawh!-sayh!); [Lit. cross road there].

Road (curvy)- o:ta:tsi 1gwahdo 1 (oh-taw-cheeh!-gwa-donh!)
Road (good, smooth)- oa:iyo:h (oh-ah-eeh-yoh).
- Road ( lines)- gayano 1 da:no 1 oa 1geh (gaw-yaw-nonh!-daw-nonh!--oh-ah!-gayh);
- [Lit. lines on the road].

Road (main)- oa:sde: 1 (oh-ahs:-danh!); [Lit. big road].
- Road (merges)- hehjoa,oh (hay-joh-ah!-onh); [Lit. road re-enters].
- Road (new) - oa:se: 1 (oh-ah-sayh!).
Road (no longer a)- oa:deg (oh-ah-dayg); [Lit. used to be a road].
Road (rough)- oa:ded (oh-ah-dayd).
-
.- ,
Road (side)- o:akah (oh-ahk-ah).
Road ( side road)- odagwahdoh (oh-dah-gwah-donh).
Road (signs)- ganesjo:do• (gaw-nays-joh-donh!); (Lit. boards standing there].
Road (straight on) - heyodoge:doh (hay-yoh-doh-genh-donh).
- Road (under construction)- henontao:nih (henh-nohn-taw-onh-neeh); [Lit.they
are making a road there].
Roadways- oadenyo' (oh-ah-day-nyonh!).
Roan (reddish brown)- odagase'e' (oh-dah-gah-sayh!-enh!). as per J.Curtin 1896
Roast com/cob - ga 1nisde 1da:h (gawh!-nees-denh!-dawh).
Roast com soup - one dagi (oh-nenh!-daw-geeh!).
1 1
Roasted� wade 1sgo:ndak (waw-dayh!-sgohn-dawk).

Roaster- ye 1sgo:ndahgwa 1 (yayh!-sgohn-dawh-gwawh!).
Robbing- ga:nosgwas (gaw-nonh ...sgwas); [Lit. its stealing).
Robbing nest - wadehsanohsgwas (wah-day-saw-noh-sgwas).
Robin - joyaik (ionh-yaw-eek).
Robin dance song- joyaik oeno' (ionh-yaw-eek--oh-enh-nonh!).
- Rock- ga 1sgwa: 1 (gawh!-sgwah!); [Lit. stone].
Rock bank- gasde:de 1 (gaws-denh-dayh!).
- Rock bank effusion- osde:e 1 (ohs-denh!).
-
-
._
ONONDOWA'GA:' GAWE:NO' '-"
'-
Rock bass- ogahgwa:' (oh-gawh-gwah!). '-
Rocking chair- watsi'ga:yagaha:do:s (wah-cheeh!,.gaw-yaw-gaw-haw-donhs). '-'
'-'
Rocks (protruding)- ga1sgweo:do' (gawh!-sgay-oh-donh!). Ii.,
Rocky- o'sgwa:'geh (oh!-sgwah!-gayh); [Lit. on the stones]. \.,
Roman bean- ha:yok (haw-yok). i.. ·
Roof - wasgwa'geh (wahs-gwah-dayh!). ~
Roof shingle- yenohsowe:gta' (yay-nonh-showh-wayg-tawh!); Lit. house cover]. '-

~
Roofer- hanohsowe:s (haw-nonh-showh-ways); [Lit. he covers houses].
~
Roll over (you)- saja'tgaha:toh (saw-jawh!-tgaw-haw-toh); [Lit. tum your body
\-.
over].
'-
Rolling- otgahado:h (oh-tgaw-haw-donh); [Lit. its going around and around]. ...
Rolling along- otgahade:nyo:je' (oh-tgaw-haw-day-nyonh-jayh!). \a,.
Rome, NY -Dayaho:wa'gwat (day-yoh-hoh-wah!-gwawt); [Lit. place for carrying I.,.
boats over land]. '-'

Room- gehsa:de' (genh-saw-dayh!). '-
I..
Room (there's)- ono:kdo:d (oh-nong-doad). \.,;
Roomy- onokdowa:neh (oh-nong-doh-waw-nenh).
'-
Rooster - deyojinohgeon (day-yoh-jee-nonh-genh-ohn). Ii.,
Root- okdea' (oak-day-ah!); { a term for all root veggies}. '-

Root removal- gakdeo:da:gweh (gawk-day-oh-daw-gwenh). '-'
Rope- geohga:' (genh-onh-gah!); In reference to the Covenant Chain, before
.....
~
1677, the metaphor of alliance was a rope. With the Dutch, the 'Covenant' rope
'-
became an iron chain. The British made it to be seen as a silver chain (needing ~
to be diplomatically shined when rusty). The Massachusetts Bay tried calling it ~
a "golden chain", but their efforts fell in failure. ~
Rotate (you) - segahadoh (say-gaw-haw-donh); [Lit. you tum it around]. '-'

~
Rotating - otgahadoh (oat-gaw-haw-donh); [Lit. its going around and around].
Rotten - otge:h (oat-genh); [Lit. its spoiled]. '-'
~
Rotten eggs - o'hohsatge:h (oh-hoh-sawh-tgenh). \.,;
t_.
\..
~
\a,,
-
Rouge - otgo'ja' (oh-tgoh!-jawh!).

- Rough language - oiwaded (oh-eeh-waw-dayd).
--
-- Rough road - oaded (oh-ah-dayd).
Rough - oded (oh-dayd). Abrasive.
Round- deyotwe'oni:h (day-yoh-twayh!-nonh-neeh).
...... Round (circumference)- deyotwada:se:h (day-yoh-twah-daw-sayh).
Round face- deotgosagwe1no:ni:h (day-oh-tgonh-saw-gwayh!-nonh-neeh).
Round pan- deyodeksa:gwe'noni:h (day-yoh-dayk-saw-gwah!-nonh-neeh).
-- Rowing (I am)- gega:weh (gay-gaw-wayh!).
Rubbing- gae:ga:nyeh (guy-enh-gah-nyayh).
Rubbing (it)- aga:nye:h (ah-gah-nyayh); [Lit. I am rubbing it].
--.. Rubbing (elbows)- otsosgwa:nye:h (oh-chohs-gwah-nyayh).
Rubbing alcohol- ojisge1 ya:gi1 (oh-jees-genh!-yaw-geeh!); [Lit. death drink].
Rubber- odiyonta, (oh-dee-yohn-tawh!); [Lit. it stretches].
Ruffled - dewa'eon (day-wah!-enh-ohn).
Ruffled grouse - johgwe'yoni' (joh-gwayh!-yonh-neeh!).
Rug- yoda:dehda:gwa' (yonh-dah-denh-dah-gwawh!); [Lit. used as a mat].
Ruler- yodeno'geahdahgwa' (yonh-denh-nonh!-gay-ah-dawh-
gwah!);[Lit. used for measuring].
Ruler- tenohdo: 1 (tenh-nonh-donh!); [Lit. he makes decisions].
Rum- ganega'ha:sde1 (gaw-nay-gawh!-haws-dayh!); [Lit. strong drink]. Oral
--
- Tradition: it is said to be one of four evils brought from across the ocean to
cause the native people death and destruction, and to tum their minds to
foolishness, and homlessness.
-
.......
Rummy - hanege:e1da 1ah (haw-nay-genh!-dah!-ah); [Lit. slang for drunkard].
Rumor mill- gyo'ohsho'oh (gyonh!-onh-shonh!-onh); [Lit. hearsay].
Rumored to be - gyo'oh (gyonh!-onh); [Lit. 'he said', 'she said'].
Rumors (malicious)- gaiwaitge:sho 1oh (guy-wah-eed-genh-shonh!-onh).
- Run (you)- dehse:da:d (dayh-senh-dawd).
-
Run (you sprint) - dahse: 1sga:h (dawh-senh!-sgawh).

Runner - de:hda:s (denh-daws); [Lit. he runs]. In the early days when walking and
running was the only means of transportation, fast runners were the carriers of
messages, and official invitation sticks to Hodinohso:ni• Nations located
distances away. A runner could cover a 100 miles a day, during day light hours.
Running (taking off) - dase:nyahgo 1 (daw-senh-nyah-goh).
Runny (nose) - deyo 1nyohsa 1ista 1 (day-yoh!-nyonh-sawh!-ees-tawh!).
Rust - osge 1sa 1 (ohs-genh!-sah!).
Rusted - wo 1osge 1sa:eh (who!-ohs-genh!-sah-enh); [Lit. it got rust on it].
Rusting - osge 1syo:d (ohs-genh!-showd); [Lit. it is rusting]. In reference to the
Covenant Chain, the British seeking alliance with the Hodinohso:ni' against the
French was said that alliance represented a chain, metaphorically, that when
diplomacy was cordial the chain was being shined; if it was not, the chain was
said to be rusting.
Rusty - osge1sae 1 (ohs-genh!-sah-ayh!).
s
Ss - 7th consonant in the Seneca Alphabet, pronounced as s, as in sit, see
Saddle - yodadahgwa 1 (yonh-dah-dah-gwah!); [Lit. for sitting upon).
Sadness -ga 1 nigoetge 1s (gawh!-nee-go-ayd-genh!-s); [Lit. the mind is feeling bad].
Said (I've) - a:ge:h (aw-genh).
Salamanca, NY -Dejonyowe:gwaon (day-joh-nyoh-way-gawh-ohn); [Lit.
[swamplike].In 1863, Salamanca was named after the Duke of Salamanca, a -
Spanish financier in its early days of railroading. Prior to railroading, it was
known as 'Bucktooth' when non-natives began encroaching and began logging
operations upon Seneca's meager reservation lands after the Buffalo Creek
Treaty in 1838. Bucktooth later becomes West Salamanca.
Salamander - joa:nos (joh-ah-nos).
Sale (for) - watge:0: 1 (wah-tgay-onh!).
Salesman- hotge:0 1 (hoh-tgay-onh!); [Lit. he sells).

Saliva - osga 1 (ohs-gah!).

- Saloon-gawe 1ganiyo:n (gaw-wenh!-gah-nee-yohn); [Lit. a board hanging there].
Salt- ojike 1 da 1 (oh-jee-kayh!-dawh!).
Salt bottle (husk)- yejike 1da:hgwa 1 (yay-jee-kayh!-dah-gwawh!).[Lit. used for
putting salt into].
Salt brine pickles- degajike•dogohdoh (day-gaw-jee-kayh!-donh-goh-donh); [Lit.
soaked in salt].
Salt container- yejike 1da:gwa 1 (yay-jee-kayh!-dah-gwah!). i.e. salt shaker.
Salt pork - degajike 1dogohdoh (day-gaw-jee-kayh!-donh-goh-donh). Before
refrigeration, meats were packed in dry salt.
- Salted (on food)- gajike•dohga:h (gaw-jee-kayh!-doh-gawh).

Salted (on road) - gajike•dohga:h (gaw-jee-kayh!-doh-gawh).
Salty - ojike 1dae 1 (oh-jee-kayh!-dawh!).
Salve - yenisdohgwa 1 (yenh-nees-doh-gawh); [Lit. application for healing].
- Salve (drawing) - dwa:jehtwas (dwa-jenh-twas); [Lit. it pulls].
Salve (healing) - swado 1dahgwa 1 (swa-donh!-dah-gwah!); [Lit. it heals].
- Same - sha•ga:d (sah!-gawd).
Same moiety- sha 1ga1 sa:d (shawh!-gawh!-say-ahd).
Same size - tsa 1de:wa 1 (chawh!-day-wawh!).
Sanctioned - gaiwaniyadoh (guy-waw-nee-yah-donh); [Lit. firmed the words].
Sand - 0 1nehsa 1 (oh!-nayh-sawh!).
- Sanded (on road) - ga•nehsohga:h (gawh!-nayh-soh-gawh).
Sand Hill - O 1 soa:goh (oh-soh-ah-gonh); [Lit. in the pines] Tonawanda Terr,]
-
- Sandy- deyo•nehsa:on: (day-yoh!-nayh-saw-ohn).
- Sandpiper -no 1 jahgwe 1 (nonh!-jawh-gwenh!).

Sank - ho1dwahne:geo 1e:g (hoh!-dwah-nay-genh-onh!-ayg); [Lit. water closed in]
Sap - oano 1 (oh-ah-nonh!).
Sash- gagehda 1 (gaw-gayh-dah!); [Lit. worn over shoulder diagonally across
chest].
-
,....
-
Sassafras - onosda•sha• (oh-nonhs-dawh!-shlih!).

Satan (Christian)- hanisheono• (haw-nees-hay-oh-nonh!).
Satisfied (I got)- o:ga:do:• (onh-gaw-donh!); [Lit. I got enough].
Satisfied (it got)- wo•o:do:• (who!-oh-donh!).
Satisfied (happy) -oknigoehyoh (onh-knee-gonh-enh-yoh); [Lit. my mind is
happy].
Saturated (soaked)- ga:jino:wa• (gawh-jeeh-noh-wawh!).
Saturated - deyao:gosdoh (day-yaw-onh-gohs-donh); [Lit. become wet].
Saturday- We:da:g (wenh-dawg).
Sauce- yagohgata• (yaw-goh-gaw-tawh!); [Lit. used for topping].
Saul & Fox (person)- Hasgwahgi:hah (hawh-sgwah-geeh-haw). Sgwakie Hill is
named in the eastern Finger Lakes region.
Saul & Fox Nation- Hadisgwahgi:hah (Hawh-sgwah-geeh-haw).
Saved- wado:nhye• (waw-donh-nyhenh!); [Lit. set aside for saving].
Saved (Christian)- sgaya•dahgweh (sgaw-yawh!-dawh-gwenh); [Lit. saved by the
death of Jesus].
Saved- sgaya•dagweh (sgaw-yawh!-daw-gwenh); [Lit. rescued from a dangerous
situation ].
Saw (I) - ho•ge:ge• (hoh!-gay-genh!).
Saw (he - clearly) - ho•tagaye:dat (hoh!-taw-gaw-yenh-dawt).
Saw (they) - wadige• (waw-dee-henh!).
Saw- deganestsa•ko:• (day-gaw-nays-chawh!-konh!); [Lit. it cuts boards].
Saw horse - degayedao• (day-gaw-yenh-daw-onh!); [Lit. crossed wood/boards].
Saw mill- ganehsjo:nis (gaw-nays-joh-nees); [Lit. it makes boards].
Say (they)- heno:doh (henh-non-donh).
Says (he)- ha:doh (haw-donh).
Scalding - o•sgo:dad (oh!-sgonh-dawd) [Lit. it causes bums].
Scalp (Anat.)- ono•hosda' (oh-nonh!-hohs-dawh!).
Scalped (they- him)- ho•towo:no:eg (hoh!-tonh-wonh-nonh-eng); [Lit. they lifted

-- Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary
263
-
-- his scalp]. This practice originated among the Dutch who had immigrated to
Turtle Island and engaged in scalping as bounty hunters.
Scalped (they - them) - ho 1towo:dino:eg (hoh!-tonh-wonh-dee-nonh-eng).
Scar - gai 1wa: 1 (gaw-eeh!-wah!).
Scarce- de 1gano:ge 1 (dayh!-gaw-nonh-gayh!); [Lit. not many].
Scared - ohjo 1oh (oh-jonh!-onh); [Lit. it is afraid].
Scared (of)- gasha:nis (gaws-haw-nees); [Lit. it fears of].
Scarf- ahne 1eowe 1sha1 (ah-nayh!-aye-oh-wayh!-shah!); [Lit. head covering] .
Scarfed- wa:dekwasno:wad (waw�day-kwaws-no-wahd); [Lit. he ate quickly].
Scarlet- otgwehdaiyo:h (oht-gwenh-daw-eeh-yoh); [Lit. bright red].
Scarlet - jo:dago 1oh (joh-daw-gonh!-onh) { as per J. Curtin 1896}
- Scarlet fever- ogwe:sha 1 (oh-gwenh-sah!; [Lit. red rash].

- Scarlet tanager- jahgwi:yo:h (jawh-gwee-yoh!); [Lit. nice markings].
Scaring- wahjohgwahnih (wah-joh-gwaw-neeh); [Lit. its frightening it].
Scary- o:ji:h (oh-jeeh). Interpretation: an expression indicating that something is
- or might be frightening.
Scattered- ao 1geh (ah-oh!-gayh); [Lit. (a few) things laying about].
Scattered (it is) - deyodogweh (day-yoh-doh-gwenh); [Lit. (many) things laying
-- about].
Scattered (they)- ho1tenodo:gwad (hoh!-tenh-non-doh-gwawd).
Scheduled -heyo:wo:n (hay-yonh-wohn); [Lit. pointed at a time].
School - henodeyesdahgwa 1 (henh-nonh-day-yenhs-dawh-gwawh!); [Lit. where
they go to study/read].
- Scissors- degaganya 1sha1se:1 (day-gaw-gaw-nyah!-shah!-sayh!); [Lit. two blades,

one on top of the other].
- Scoke- 0 1shea' (oh!-shay-ah!). {a.k.a. poke berry, berries make purple dye}.
Scolded (- him) - howe1daswae1oh (honh-wenh!-daws-waw-enh!-onh).
-- Scolding (it is) - odehga:kdoh (oh-dayh-gak-donh).
Scoop up- se:jen (say-jehn); [Lit. you dip up].
e o
- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; ii as in at; as in end; as in on
Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 264 .....
ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO' '-'
'-
Scooped (I) - ho 1ge:jen (hoh!-gay-jehn); [Lit. I scooped/dipped it up]. '--
Scoops- adogwa 1sha1 (ah-doh-gawh!-shah!); [Lit. utencils for dipping up].
'-
'-"
Scorched (it is)- ode:geh (oh-day-genh). \.,
Scorched (you-it)- 01she 1 da:1 (oh!-shenh!-dawh!). '-'
Scorched - sgowode:geh (oh!-sgonh-wonh-day-genh); [Lit. burnt roast].
01 '-"
~
Scorching hot- 0 sgo:dat (oh!-sgonh-dawt).
1
Scraps - odohdo1sho1 (oh-doh-donh!-shonh!); [Lit. ends, bits, pieces]. ' 4w
Scraped- deyo:tgehsyo:h (day-yoh-tgenh-shonh). { abrasion}

'-
\a,;
Scrape (you - it)- desege:se:h (day-say-genh-sayh). ._
Scraper- degagehsyohs (day-gaw-genh-shonhs); [Lit. used for scraping]. \ia,.
Scratched (it)- ho 1dwahji:yo: 1 (hoh!-dwah-jee-yoh!); [Lit. fine cut lines from '-'
sharp objects or nails]. \,..
Scratching- otge:deh (oh-tgay-denh); [Lit. relieving an itch]. '-'

._
Scratchy- o:ded (oh-dayd); [Lit. rough, prickly].
'-,..
Screws- oji1syo:wo1 (oh-jeeh!-shonh-wonh!).
'-'
Scriptures - gaiwiyosdak (guy-wee-yos-dawk); [Lit. the true good word]. \.,;
Scum - aweo 1 (ah-way-oh!). ~
.__,
Sea gull- jo:we 1staga 1 (joh-wenh!-staw-gawh!).
Sea - ganyodae 1 (gaw-nyoh-daw-ayh!). "-
~
Sea (across the)- sga:nyoda:dih (sgawh-nyoh-dah-deeh).
\.,
Sea foam - owe 1sta 1 (oh-wenh!-stawh!). Ir.,
Seal- dawe:edo1 (daw-wenh-enh-donh!). ~
Seamstress- ye 1 nihko: 1 (yayh!-neeh-konh!); [Lit. she sews]. \a,.
Searching (they are)- hodisa:goh (hoh-dee-saw-gonh). \a.;
Seared- gaisde 1da:h (gaw-ees-denh!-dawh). I_.
Seasoned- gago1 ohsyoni:h (gaw-gonh!-onh-shonh-neeh); [Lit. made tastier].

Seat - yonjendahgwa 1 (yonh-jen-dawh-gwawh!); [Lit. place to sit on].
Second (2nd)- deknih- wado:1ta 1 (day-kneeh--waw-donh!-tawh!).
-
'-'
Second (time)- deknih-heyoahdoh (day-knee--hay-yoh-ah-donh).

-
- Second hand store- waja:1dahgono 1geh (waw-jah!-dawh-gonh-nonh!-gayh); [Lit.
at the used items place].
--.
Second thought (on)- gwa 1tis:wi:h (gwawh!-tees-weeh).
Secretary-yeyado: 1 (yay-yaw-donh!); [Lit. she writes].
Secret (information)- gaiwahsehdoh (guy-wawh-sayh-donh).
Secret (my) - agiwanosde1 (ah-gee-waw-nonhs-dayh!).
Secret (keeping it)- honodiwahsehdoh (hoh-nonh-dee-wah-sayh-donh); [Lit. they
- are keeping the word hidden].
Secret (place) - odahsehdo 1 geh (oh-dawh-sayh-donh!-gayh).
...... Secret (your) - saiwanosde 1 (saw-eeh-waw-nohs-dayh!).

Secretive - oiwanosde• (oh-eeh-waw-nohs-dayh!); [Lit. unsharing the word].
Secure (it)- se1nohda:h (sayh!-nonh-dah); [Lit. close it in].
..... Security guard- hanondanoh (haw-nohn-daw-nonh); [Lit. he guards the town].
Seed (any type) - onohgweo 1 (oh-nonh-gwenh-onh!).
......
Seed - osge'e' (ohs-genh!-enh!).
Seed ceremony- henohneogwa'syoa' (henh-nonh-nay-onh-gwah!-shoh-ah!); [Lit.
[putting seeds in water]. This ceremony is to honor the seeds which the will
germinate and feed the people. The community bring and share seeds.
Seed com - ganeo:gwe1 (gaw-nenh-onh-gwenh!); [Lit. saved com seed].
Seeder- gaye:ntwas (gaw-yen-twahs); [Lit. it plants].
Seeing 'things' - de:watga:jeohnyoh (day-wah-tgaw-jenh-onh-nyonh); [Lit. its
eyes are playing tricks].
-
-..
Seeking (it is)- gaihsa:s (guy-eeh-saws).
Seeking (information) - hodiwihsagoh (hoh-dee-weeh-saw-gonh); [Lit. they are
looking for information].
Seeking (they are)- hodi:sa:goh (hoh-dee-saw-gonh).
Seeking (refuge)- ode•gweo:je 1 s (oh-dayh!-gwenh-onh-jayh!-s); [Lits. It keeps
......
looking for a safe place].
Seems like- aye:' (ah-yenh!).

Seemingly - gyiViih (gyonh!-onh).

Seething - odenye 1 do:d (oh-day-nyenh!-doad); [Lit. keeping anger inside].
Seine- odawa: 1 (oh-daw-wiih!).
Seldom - gadi 1gya:h (gaw-deeh!-gyawh).
Self-help - sadaja 1dagehas (saw-daw-jawh!-daw-gayh-haws).
Selling (I will go -) - egatgeono 1 (enh-gaw-tgay-onh-nonh!).
Senators - hadigehjih (haw-dee-genh-jeeh); [Lit. oldsters].
Send (I will) - egade:nyed (enh-gaw-denh-nyayd).
Send (you) - sade:nye:d (saw-denh-nyayd).
Send off- howo:wo: 1gweh (honh-wonh-wonh!-gwenh); [Lit. they shoved his
canoe/boat out]. term used when people traveled by boat/canoe.
Sends (she)-yondenye:ta 1 (yonh-denh-nyay-tawh!)
Seneca (origin) - Onondowa 1ga: 1 (oh-non-doh-wawh!-gawh!). As per Dr. Arthur
C. Parker, Seneca is an Algonkian term, "Otsinika" meaning 'stone'. { this term
may have corrupted to be Seneca}. Another thought is that the name Seneca
comes from the Portugese orator Seneca because of the oratories spoken by
Hodinohso:ni' leaders.
Senecas - Onondowa 1ga: 1 - People of the Great Hills [one of the original 5 nations
of the Hodinohso:ni'. The Peace-maker said "your settlement is at the big
mountain and you shall be called Onondowa'ga:'"]
Seneca Chief titles: Onondowa 1ga: 1 Hodiyane:h hadiyasho 1 (oh-non-doh-
wawh!-gawh!-hoh-dee-yaw-nay-haw-dee-yaws-honh!):
*Sganyodi:yo' (sgaw-nyoh-daw-eeh-yoh!); [Lit. handsome lake].
*Sha 1degeo:ye:s (s-hawh!-day-genh-onh-yays); [Lit. even with the sky] .
*Shoge 1jo:wa: 1 (s-hoh-genh!-joh-wawh!); [Lit. he of the large forehead].
*Ga 1nogaeh (gawh!-nonh-gaw-ayh); [Lit. sound of flying arrow].
*Nisha:nye:ne 1t (nees-haw-nyay-nenh!-t), [Lit. yet unknown .
-
*Shajenowo 1s (s-haw-jenh-nonh-wonh!-s); [Lit. he who helps].
*Ganohgi 1dawi 1 (gaw-nonh-gweeh!-daw-weeh!); [Lit. yet unknown.

-
*Do:nihoga:'weh - (doh-nee-hoh-gah!-wenh); [Lit. doorkeeper].
Seneca (Ohio) chief name- Gayahsonta' (gaw-yaw-sohn-tawh!). See: Guyasuta
Seneca Language- Onondowa'ga:' gaweno' (oh-non-doh-wah!-gawh!--gaw
wenh-nonh!).
Seneca Nation- Onondowa'ga:' (oh-non-doh-wah!-gawh!); [Lit. People of the
great Hills]
- Seneca Prophet- Sganyodai:yo' (sgah-nyoh-daw-eeh-yoh!); [Lit. Handsome lake]

This name is also spelled Ganyodai:yo'.
Sensible - ga'nigohdasha' (gawh!-nee-gonh-dawhs-hah!); [Lit. intelligence]
Sent (it is) - wadenyehdoh (waw-denh-nyayh-donh).
Sent (he has) - hodenyehdoh (hoh-denh-nyayh-donh).
Sent (they have sent) - tonodenye:doh (tow-nohn-denh-nyayh-donh).
Sentencing- gaihwahda:ge:ya:d (guy-wah-dah-genh-yawd); [Lit. prescribed
......
punishment]
Separate (it will) - dewodekahsi' (denh-wonh-day-kawh-seeh!).
-- Separate (1 each) - sgahsho' (sgawh-shonh!).

Separate (you) - desekahsih (day-say-kawh-seeh).
Separate (issues) - joi:washo 1 (ioh-eeh-was-honh!); [Lit. one matter at a time].
Separated (into parts)- degakahso:gweh (day-gaw-kawh-sonh-gwenh).
Separated (into many pieces) - ho 1dwadekahso:go 1 (hoh!-dwa-day-kawh-sonh-
goh!)
- Separated (into groups)- deowodikaso:gweh (denh-onh-wonh-dee-kawh-sonh-
gwenh); [Lit. they have separated them].
Separated (object)- jotga:weh (ioh-tgah-wenh); [Lit.it has come slightly apart].
Separated (couple)- ho 1 tsadekahsi1 (hoh!-chaw-day-kawh-seeh!).
Separates- dwatga:was (dwah-tgah-waws); [Lit. it comes slightly apart].
Separating, clearing - degohda:s (day-goh-dahs); [Lit. I'm clearing a path].
September moon- Gede'okneh (genh-denh!-onh-knayh).
Sequestered- woweni'jo:' (wonh-wenh-neeh!-jonh!); [Lit. they're seated in].

Serious- do 1ohdendonya 1 doh (doh!-oh-denh-doh-nyah!-donh); [Lit. not fooling].

Serious (condition) - gaetgeh (guy-tgenh).
Seriously (I took it) - o'gegonye:s (oh!-gay-gonh-nyenhs).
Serpent - jonehgwahnoh (joh-nayh-gwawh-nonh).
Serve (food)- eke:has (enh-kay-hawhs); [Lit. I will serve up food to them].
-
Set- ohgwahgwe:goh (oh-gwah-gway-gonh); [Lit. the whole outfit].
Set-a-date - wenisha:yeoni 1 (wenh-nees-hah-yenh-onh-neeh!).
Set-free- swatga 1weh (swah-tgawh!-wenh); [Lit. its been let go].
Set it down- ihsye:h (eeh-shanh).
Set it on - isheh (ees-henh).
Settled- oya 1dae'he 1 oh (oh-yah!-daw-enh!-hay!-onh); [Lit. its in place].
Settlements (hamlet)- ganonda:geo' (gaw-nohn-daw-gay-onh!); [Lit. small
'camps' settled here and there].
Settlers- wadinondaye: 1 (waw-dee-nohn-daw-yenh!); [Lit. they set up camps].
Settlings- ono:woye 1 (oh-nonh-wonh!); [Lit. particles filtered at the bottom].
Settlings (particles)- ho 1wenowo:ye: 1 (hoh!-wenh-nonh-wonh-yenh!); [Lit. it
filtered to the bottom].
Seven (7) - ja:dak (jaw-dawk).
Seventeen (17) - ja:daksgae 1 (jaw-dawk-sgaw-eyh!); [Lit. base 10 + 7 on top].
Seventh (7th) - ja:dak-wado 1ta 1 (jaw-dawk-waw-donh!-tawh!).
Seventy (70) - ja:dak-newasheh (jaw-dawk-nay-waws-henh); [Lit. base 10 x 7].
Seven hundred (700) - ja:dak-newe 1nya1 eh (jaw-dawk--nay-wenh!-nyah!-ayh);
-
[Lit. 7 strikes of the finger].
Seven thousand (7000) - ja:dak-negaoshageh (jaw-dawk--nay-gaw-onh-shah-
gay); [Lit. 7 boxes , each containing a 1000 items ].
Seven year beetle- ogeyo 1 da 1 (oh-genh-yoh!-dawh!).
Several-dohga:ah (doh-gaw-ah).
Severe- ga 1nyagasde 1 (gawh!-nyah-gaws-dayh!); [Lit. heavy handed].
Sew (you)- sade 1nihko:h (saw-denh!-nee-konh).

Seneca Language Teacher's· Dictionary 269
Sewing- ga•nikohsha• (gawh!-nee-konh-shah!); [Lit. sewing notions].

Sewed (it was)- ga•ni:kog (gawh!-nee-kong).
Sewing (she is) - yode•nihko:nyoh (yonh-denh!-nee-konh-nyonh).
Sewing basket -ye•nikosha:gwa• (yayh!nee-konh-shah-gwah!); [Lit. used to keep
sewing work in].
Sewing machine- ga•nihko:• (gawh!-nee-konh!); [Lit. it sews].
-- Shabby - deyodehseogweh (day-yoh-denh-senh-onh-gwenh).
Shade- odeonoshago:h (oh-denh-onh-nos-hah-gonh); [Lit. in the shade].
Shady - odeonosdoh (oh-denh-onh-nos-donh).
Shadow- adeonosha• (ah-denh-onh-nos-hah!); [Lit. a shady area].
Shake (you will- it)- eso:nda:• (enh-sohn-dawt).
Shake arms- deyada:neso:da:t (denh-yaw-dawh-nehs-hohn-dawt); [Lit. they will
- shake each other's arm].

Shake hands - deyada:sohdonda:t (denh-yaw-dawhs-oh-dohn-dawt); [Lit. they
will shake each other's hand].
Shaking- aoda•ta• (ah-onh-dawh!-tawh!).
- Shaking (I am- it) - agoda•doh (ah-gonh-dawh!-donh).
Shake-the-bush dance- gasgoeoda•doh (gaws-goh-enh-onh-dawh!-donh).
- Shaking the jug dance- gashe•doda:•doh (gaws-hayh!-doh-dawh!-donh).
- Shake the Pumpkin- yei•do:s (yay-eeh!-dohs). {restricted to society members}

Shameful - ode:at (oh-day-awt).
......
Shampoo- yontge•owa:•ta onowa:•sha• (yonh-tgayh!-oh-wah!-tawh!--oh-no-wah!-
sah!); [Lit. soap-used for washing the hair].
- Sharp- oyagahi:yod (oh-yaw-gaw-hee-yod).

Sharp (objects)- o:yagahiyohdo•s (oh-yaw-gaw-hee-yoh-donh!-s).
Sharpened - gayagahi:yo• (gah-yaw-gah-hee-yonh!); [Lit. its been sharpened].
Sharpened (I- it)- akyagahi:yo• (ah-kyaw-gawh-hee-yonh!).
- Sharpening the sticks - wa•enodi:yo• (wawh!-enh-nonh!-dee-yoh!).
- Shattered - daganishe•t (daw-gaw-nees-henh!-t); [Lit. dropped in many pieces].

Shielded- dega:do• (day-gaw-donh!); [Lit. enclosed].

Shiftless- ono 1seh (oh-nonh!-sayh); [Lit. its lazy].
Shilling- sgahsyo 1sha:d (sgawh-shonh!-shad); [Lit. 12 V2 cents value ] British
money system, eventually, it changed to American money system.
Shin (Anat.) - onye:da 1 (oh-nyenh-dawh!)
Shingles (roof type)- ganejo:jo:h (gaw-nays-jonh-jonh); [Lit. thrown boards].
Shingles- go 1no:sde 1s (goh!-nohs-denh!-s).
- Shiny- deyosta:te1 (day-yos-dah-tayh).
Ship- gaowo1gowa:h (gaw-onh-wonh!-goh-wah); [Lit. huge boat].
Shivered- wo 1oya 1do:da:t (woh!-oh-yawh!-donh-dawt); [Lit. its body shook].
Shivering- oya1donda:ta1 (oh-yawh!-donh-dawh-tawh!); [Lit. its shaking body].
Shocked (me) - dawage:no:gde1 (daw-waw-genh-nong-denh!); [Lit. unexpected].
Shoddy - deyodehseohgweh (day-yoh-denh-senh-onh-gwenh).
Shoe- ahdahgwa1 (ah-dawh-gwawh!).
Shoeless - da 1deyoehso:oh (dawh!-day-yoh-enh-soh-onh).
Shoes- ahdahgwa1sho 1oh (ah-dawh-gawh!-shonh!-onh).
-- Shoes (put on )- de:sehso:we:g (day-senh-soh-wayg).
Shoes (take off)- se:sohtsih (senh-soh-clieeh).
-
- Shoe makers- henohdahgo:nis (henh-nonh-dawh-gonh-nees).
Shoe repair shop - shahdahgonisgeh (shawh-dawh-gonh-nees-gayh).
Shoe store- ahdahgwa• watgeo 1 (ah-dawh-gwawh!--wawt-gayh-onh!).
Shooter- daho 1ya:s (daw-hoh!-yaws).
Shoots (he- it)- hahsi:sta• (hawh-sees-tawh!).
Shongo (Alleg. Terr.)- Jonya:dih (jonh-nyah-deeh); [Lit. beyond the flats] In the
- mid 1960s, Shongo area was renamed Jimersontown (relocation area).

Short- niwaka:a (nee-wawk-aah).
Shortened (she- it)- wa 1e:gwat (wah!-ayh-gwawt).
- Short arms (he)- nyanehshaka:a (nyaw-nenhs-hawk-aah).
Short body (he) - nyaya1daka:a (nyaw-yawh!-dawk-aah).
-
-
-
ONONDOWA·GA:' GAWE:NO' '
Short cut - heyodoge:doh (hay-yoh-doh-genh-donh); [Lit. straightest way]

Short hair - neyoge 1aka:a (nay-yoh-gayh!-ak-aah).
Short legs (he)- no 1dasinogka 1sa:a (nonh!-daw-see-nong-kawh!-saah).
Short length - neyohaka:a (nay-hoh-hawk-aah).
Shortly- da 1ju:h (dawh!-juh).
Short pants- neyosinoka:a (nay-yoh-see-nong-aah); [Lit. short legged].
Short plants- neyodihaka:a (nay-yoh-dee-hawk-aah).
Shot (I- him)- waehsi:s (waw-ayh-sees.
Shot (I- it)- agehsi:seh (awh-gayh-seeh-senh).
Shoud not be- a:geog (aw-genh-ong).
Shoulder (Anat.) - onehsa' (oh-nenh-sawh!).
Shoulder (on my) - a:knehsa 1 geh (awh-knenh-sawh!-gayh).
Shoulder belt- ado:da:1 (awh-doh-dah!).
Shoulder blade (Anat.) - onyosga:a 1 (oh-nyonh-sgah-gayh).
Shoulder blade (on my) - agenyo:sga: 1 geh (awh-gay-nyonh-sgah!-gayh).
Shoulders (his wide) - deanehsa:gwen (day-ah-nenh-saw-gwehn).
Shovel - gagawihsa 1 (gaw-gaw-weeh-sawh!).
Show (them)- she:yo:wontwas (shay-yonh-wonh-twas); [Lit. you show them].
Showed (me)- wa:gowontwas (wah-gonh-wonh-twas); [Lit. he showed me].
Showing off - odasgano 1doh (oh-daws-gaw-nonh!-donh); [Lit. its showing off].
Shrill (voice)- owa 1daded (oh-wawh!-daw-dayd); [Lit. abrasive voice].
Shrink (will)- ewodoje:ye:g (enh-wonh-doh-jenh-yayg); [Lit. it will shrink].
Shrub - oane 1da 1 (oh-ah-nenh!-dawh!).
Shuffle Dance (Women's) - e:sga:nye:1 (enh-sgah-nyayh!).
Shuffle Dance (Great) - e:sga:nye:1 go:wa:h (enh-sgah-nyayh!-goh-wawh).
Shuffle Dance (Old Fashioned) - e:sga:nye:1 gaenogayoka: 1 (enh-sgah-nyayh!--
guy-nonh-gaw-yonh-kawh!); [Lit. shuffle dance-- old song]
Shrunken- ho 1 wadoje:ye:g (hoh!-waw-doh-jenh-yayg).
Shut (you)- sehodo:h (say-hoh-donh); [Lit. you shut/ close the door].

-.
Shut up - sajognyoh (saw-jong-nyoh).

Shy (it is ) - odirgyo' (oh-deeh!-gyonh!).
...... Siblings (brothers and sisters) - henode'ge:'sho' (henh-nonh-dayh!-genh!-shonh!).
- Siblings (they 2 are) - de:yade:no:de:' (day-yaw-denh-nonh-dayh!).

Siblings (they all are) - de:node:no:de:' (denh-nonh-denh-noh-dayh!).
...... Siblings (we 2 are) - deyagyade:no:de: 1 (day-yaw-gyaw-denh-nonh-dayh!).
- Siblings (we all are) - deyagwade:no:de:' (day-waw-gwah-denh-nonh-dayh!).
Sick (it is)- ono:gda:nih (oh-nong-daw-neeh).
Sickened (me)- o:knogda'de' (onh-knong-dawh!-denh!).
Sickly- de 1yohi:yo:h (dayh!-yonh-hee-yoh); [Lit. its of ill health].
Sickness - onohsoda:' (oh-nonh-soh-daw-ah!); [Lit. disease] .
Side (across from) - swadih (swaw-deeh).
- Side (other)- hogwa:h no'wo:dih (hoh-gwah-:-nonh!-wonh-deeh)

Side (this)- nogko:gwah no 1 wo:dih (nong-koh-gwah-nonh!-wonh-deeh)
Side (whichever)- no'wo:dih (nonh!-wonh-deeh); [Lit. any side].
Side ache - gaswa:go's (gaws-waw-gonh!-s); [Lit. its side aches].
Side bums - o:nya' (oh-nyah!).
Side by side- dewada'ne:keh (day-waw-dah!-nay-genh); [Lit. sitting together]
...... Side by side (objects are) - wadekao' (waw-day-kaw-onh!).
Side by side (roads) - wata:kao' (wah-taw-kaw-onh!).
Side pork - o'wa:se:' (oh!-waw-sayh!); [Lit. fresh meat].
Side to side (body motion)- ho 1dwaja 1de:doh (hoh!-dwah-jawh!-denh-donh).
Side to side (motion) - ho'jawe:doh (hoh!-jawh-wenh-donh).
..... Sides (both)- deja:o:no 1 wo:dih (day-jaw-onh-nonh!-wonh-deeh).
Siding- yenosowe:kta, (yay-nonh-soh-wayg-tawh!); [Lit. used as house cover].
Sifter- dewenowoyenta' (day-wenh-nonh-wonh-yen-tawh!).
Sightings - watge:ohs (waw-tgenh!-onhs); [Lit. seen here and there].
Sign (boards)- ganesjo:do' (gaw-nays-joh-donh!).
Sign in the sky - ho1gahgwahdo 1 (hoh!gah-gwah-donh!); [Lit. total loss of the sun].

Oral history about when the Senecas ratified the Great Law of Peace places the
time to when there was a total eclipse of the sun. European eclipse tables place
the date to be late August 1142.
Signature - gahse:no:' (gawh-senh-nonh!); [Lit. name].
Signature (signed my)- agadadehse:no:' (ah-gaw-daw:.. dayh-senh-nonh!).
Signature (you sign) - sadadesehno:eh (saw-daw-day-senh-nonh-enh).
Significant other - deyagyadi:h (day-yaw-gyaw-deeh); [Lit. the one I live with].
Significant other - deyagyatgo'sahgwa' (day-yay-gyaw-tgonh!-sah-gwah!); [Lit.
we share the pillow].
Signs (omens)- dewajeo:nyohgwa' (day-waw-jenh-onh-nyonh-gwawh!).
Silt - ono:wo (oh-nonh-wonh!).
1
Silver- onyo 1sgwa: 1 (oh-nyonh!-sgwah!).

Silver beads - yotwisdaniyodahgwa' (yonh-twees-daw-neeh-yohn-dah-gwawh!); ...
[Lit. used for hanging about oneself]
Silver Creek, NY -Tgaenodehda:' (tguy-nonh-denh-dawh!); [Lit. a ridge there].
Silver fem- 0 10:wa: 1 0 1no 1 (oh!-oh-wawh!--oh!-nonh!); [Lit. owl's arrow].
-
Silver thistle - ononi 1da 1go:wa:h (oh-nonh-neeh!-dayh!-goh-wah).
Similar- sgayo:nda:' (sgaw-yonh-dawh).
Sin - gaiwane 1aksha' (guy-waw-nayh!-awk-shah!); [Lit. taken the wrong word]
there is the right way of doing which has its own words (instructions); and the
wrong way of doing which also has its own words (forbiddings).
Since- no 1we:' (nonh!-wayh!).
Sing (you )- sadeno:deh (saw-denh-noh-denh).
Singers- henodeno:ta' (henh-nonh-denh-noh-tawh!).
Singing - gae:no:d (gawh-enh-nod).
Sink (kitchen)- yondeksowa: 1dahgwa 1 (yonh-dayk-soh-wah!-dah-gwah!).
Sinker- ono 1da:' (oh-nonh!-dawh!); [Lit. lead].
Sinned (I) - ho giwane:a:k (hoh-gee-wah-nay-awk); [Lit. I mistook the words].
1
Sinners (they are)- hodiwane 1a:goh (hoh-deeh-waw-nayh!-ah-gonh); [Lit. they

Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary. 275
keep going by the wrong words].

Sinus (attack) - dewage 1nyohsa 1ista 1 (day-waw-gayh!-nyoh-sawh!-ees-tawh!).
Sipping (loudly) - dewasgi: 1daoh (day-waws-geeh!-daw-onh). {hot liquid}
..... Sissy- awenda:geoh (ah-wen-dah-genh-onh).
Sister (my older -) - ahji 1 (ah-jeeh!).
Sister (my younger-)- ke1ge: 1 (kayh!-genh!).
Sister (your) - snyade•ge: 1 (snyaw-dayh!-genh!).
.......
Sister-in-law (my) - agya:joh (ah-gyaw-joh).
Sisters-in-law (your) - snyahjoh ( snyah-joh).
- Sisters (they are) - wenode1ge:•sho 1 (wenh-nonh-dayh!-genh!-shonh!)

Sisters (we 2 are) - agyade 1ge: 1 (ah-gyaw-dayh!-genh!).
Site-work- yone 1syo:ni:h (yonh-nayh!-shonh-neeh); [Lit. cared for lawn/yard].
Sitter (baby)- yode:noh (yohn-denh-nonh); [Lit. she's sitting with a child].
Sitters (night) - dea:dihenta 1 (day-ah-deeh-hen-tawh!);[Lit. they're sitters at a
wake].
Six (6) - yei 1h (yay-eeh!).
Six Nations - Yei 1h Nyonoehjage:h (yay-eeh!--nyoh-noh-enh-jaw-gayh).
{Seneca, Cayuga, Oneida, Onondaga, Mohawk, Tuscarora}
Six Nations Confederacy - Hodinohso:ni 1 (hoh-dee-nonh-sonh-neeh!); [Lit.
People of the Long House] a symbolic longhouse sparring over 400 miles. With
- 6 fires, one for each Nation and Mohawks as Keepers of the Eastern door, and
the Senecas as Keepers of the Western Door. All Nations under the traditional
governance of the Great Law.
--- Six hundred (600) - yei 1h newe 1nya 1e (yay-eeh!-nay-wenh!-nyawh!-ayh); [Lit. 6
strikes of the finger].
Six thousand (6000) - yei•h negaoshageh• ( yay-eeh!-nay-gaw-onhs-hah-gay); [Lit.
6 boxes, each containing a 1000 items].
Sixteen (16) - yei•sgae 1 (yay-eeh!-sgah-ayh!); [Lit. base ten+ 6 on top].
Sixth (6th) - yei•h wado•ta• (yay-eeh!-waw-donh!-tawh!).

Sixty (60) - yei 1 h newasheh (yay-eeh!-nay-waws-henh); [Lit. base 10s x 6].

Size (certain)- no 1wo 1het (nonh!-wonh!-tayt); [Lit. became of a certain size].
Size (different) - dewe:no: 1 (day-way-nonh!).
Size (same)- tsa 1de:wa 1 (chawh!-day-wah!).
Skates- deyonto1 jinondahgwa1 (day-yohn-toh!-jee-nohn-dawh-gwah!).
Skating (they) - denonto 1jino:nta 1 (denh-nohn-toh!-jee-nohn-tawh!).
Skater (she)- deyonto 1jinonta 1 (day-yohn-toh!-jee-nohn-tawh!).
Skeleton-in-closet (found) - e:sa 1neyodahsi' (ayh-sawh!-nay-yoh-dawh-seeh!).
Skeleton (Anat.) - o'ne:ya' (oh!-nenh-yawh!); [Lit. bones].
Skis - deye:we'geodahgwa' (day-yay-wenh!-gay-oh-dawh-gwah!).
Skimmed - degagesyo:h (day-gaw-genh-shonh); [Lit. taken off the top].
Skin (Anat. - 0 1syohsa 1 (oh-shoh-sawh!).
Skin disease - 0 1nosdahwi 1s (oh!-nos-daw-weeh!-s); [Lit. it has skin eruptions].
Skinned - ho 1waje:se: 1 (hoh!-wah-jenh-sayh!); [Lit. skin peeled deeply]
Skinny- 01neyate 1oh (oh-nenh-yah-tenh); [Lit. its become dry bones]
Skirt- ga 1ka: 1 (gawh!-kawh!).
Skirt (long)- 0 1ka:es (oh!-kaw-ays).
Skirt (swinging)- ode 1ka:de:de1 (oh-dayh!-kah-denh-dayh!).
Skirting (the issue)- oiwakda:je 1 (oh-eeh-wawk-daw-jayh!); [Lit. along the edges
of the issue].
Scrunched (shoulders) - deyotsi 1s0:n (day-yoh-cheeh!-sohn).
Skull (Anat.) - okda 1 (oak-dawh!).
Skunk - senoh (say-nonh); [Lit. re: odor].
Sky- geoya'geh (genh-onh-yawh!-gayh)
Sky-dwellers - hadioya'geono' deyokinye'nyado 1; celestial protectors that live in
the sky and look after the people as they travel about Mother Earth.
Slam (I will) - dego:yen (denh-goh-yehn).
Slammed - deyoyehdoh (day-yoh-yehn-donh).
Slandered (him) - wowoi:wahyen (wonh-woh-eeh-waw-yehn); [Lit. hit him with

-
-- ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO•
words].
-- Slanderous - gaiwaitge• (guy-wah-aye-tgenh!).
Slant (on a) - gagaide 1 (gaw-gaw-eeh-dayh!).
Slanted (advantage in sport )- wowodigaida:d (woh-woh-dee-guy-dawd].
- Slanted eyes -deodigahgadiyo:n (day-oh-deeh-gah-gah-dee-yohn).

Slanted words- gaiwahgai:de1 (guy-wah-guy-dayh!); [Lit. words don't sound
right].
Slaved (I) - 0 1gyo:yage 1 (oh!-gyonh-yaw-genh!); [Lit. I suffered].
- Slavery - hadishe:ne' (haw-dees-hay-nenh!); [Lit. they are captives].
Slaving - agyo:yage 1doh (awh-gyoh-yawh-genh!-donh); [Lit. I suffered because of
it]
- Sled - gaeyo 1 ja1 (guy-yoh!-jawh!).

Sled runner - ga:nyahga: 1 (gaw-nyah-gah!); [Lit. curved runner].
Sledding (they are) - henonteyo 1jenta 1 (heh-nohn-tay-yoh!-jen-tawh!).
Sledding (going) - waenoteyo 1jenda:ne1 (waw-enh-nohn-tay-yoh!jen-daw-nayh!].
Sleeping in peace- honida1ho 1 (ho-nee-daw!-honh!); [Lit. they are sleeping]. The
state of Christians in death while awaiting their Judgement Day. A Christian
graveside sermon ends with "may he/she rest in peace".
"Sleeping on it" - waenontgo 1se 1 (why-non-tgonh!-sanh!); [Lit. they use it as a
pillow]. This is from the debating practice of the Grand Council of the
- Hodinohso:ni', that if an issue on the floor has not been resolved through
unanimity before the sunset, it is tabled or "slept on" until the next day's session.
Sleeting - owisyo:jo:h (oh-weeh-shonh- jonh); [Lit. raining ice].
Sleigh bell(s)- gashe:we 1da 1 (gaws-hay-wenh!�dawh!).
Slender- 0 1neya:te:h (oh-nay-yaw-tenh); [Lit. dry bones].
- Sliced - gaisja•goh (guys-jawh!-gonh).

Slightly- de•ge:h (dayh!-genh); [Lit. not much, hardly].
Slight (persons) - nyeno 1 sa:a (nyenh-nonh!s-aah); [Lit.they are small].
Slim - o•neyate:h (oh-nenh-yaw-tenh); [Lit. dry bones].

ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO• \a,,,
'-
Slip (clothing item)- deyode'kaneta' (day-yonh-dayh!-kah-nay-tawh!); [Lit. used \.,
~
for layering the skirt].
Slip-go-down - ojinyowe'da 1 (oh-jee-nyoh-wenh!-dawh!).
'-
\,..
Slip-of-the-tongue- wo 1 oiwa 1se 1s (woh!-oh-eeh-wawh!-senh!-s); [Lit. it dropped
'-'
words]. ._,
Slipped (it)- ho 1joi1sko 1 (hoh!-joh-eeh!-sgoh!). .....
Slipped (from my hand) - ogadohse's (onh-gaw-doh-senh!-s). \...
Slippery- deyoi 1sgwa<l (day-yoh-eeh!-sgwad). 1w
Slippery (became) - 0 1 jiosgwa 1te 1t (oh-joh-eeh!-sgwah!-tayh!t).

....
Slipping-of-the-mind - 0 1 nigohehs (oh!-nee-gonh-henhs).
'--'
~
Slippers- gayo:wah (gaw-yoh-wah). ~
Sleep (in ) - gaehsehda:go:h (guy-senh-daw-gonh). '-'
Sleepy (it is) - oda 1 was (oh-dawh!-was). i...
Sleepless (it is) - de 1oda 1was (dayh!-oh-dawh!-was). '-'
Sleep over (she will)- heyeno:ed (henh-yenh-noh-ayd). '-'
Sleighbells - gashewe 1da1 (gaws-hay-wenh!-dawh!).
'-'
~
Slobbering - degano 1sga:ga:h (day-gaw-nonh-sgah-gawh); [Lit. eating loudly]. ~
Slope- ogaeda:je' (oh-gaw-ayh-daw-jayh!); [Lit. slanting]. ~
Slow - sgeno 10:h (sgenh-nonh!-onh). ....

Slow dance- sgeniVii:ka:' sgenh-nonh!-onh-kawh!); [Lit. slow type). .....
~
Slow learning- de 1 oye 1he 1sgo:h (dayh!-oh-yenh!-hayh!-s-gonh); [Lit. it doesn't
._.
learn easily].
Slowed down- dawade 1syo:ned (daw-waw-dayh!-shonh-nehn); [Lit. it went down
...
'-'
ward].
'-'
Slowly- sge:no'o:je 1 (sgenh-nonh!-onh-jayh!). '-'
Slush - ohse:o:' (oh-say-oh!). '-'
Small (in number)- niyo:h (nee-yonh). i..
~
Small (size) - niwa 1a:a (nee-wawh!..:aah).
~
Small basket (quart size) - ono:sha' (oh-nohs-hah!).
\a,
'-'
._.
I..
Key: a as in ah; e as in· they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; 6 as in on
-
279
- Small fish- negeja 1sa:a (nay-genh-jawh!s-aah).

Small game - neganyo 1da 1sa:a (nay-gaw-nyoh!-dawh!s-ahh).
Small house - neganohsa 1a:a (nay-gaw-nonh-sawh!s-aah)
Small minded (they have) - nyo:di1 nigoe 1a:a (nyoh-deeh!-neeh-gonh-enh!-aah).
Small paddle - negatgonya 1sa 1a:a (nay-gaw-tgonh-nyawh!-sah!-aah).
Small Plants - neyodi:haka:a (nay-yoh-deeh-hawk-aah).
-- Cultural Tip: In the gano:nyog (Thanks Giving Address) a section addresses the
small plant life which include the fruits, small plants for food and medicines,
and for whose beauty and aroma are given the peoples' respect and gratitude.
Small pox - onosgweo:doh (oh-nons-gweh-oh-donh!); [Lit. in knots]. The
Mohawks on the East coast were among the 1st to experience European contact
and the devastating epidemics of imported diseases, the deadliest being small
- pox during the mid 15th century, reducing the Mohawk population by half. As
- late as 1862, small pox was still a major killer in Seneca country.
Small toys- atganye 1sha 1sa:a (ah-tgaw-nyayh!-shah!); [Lit. play things].
Smell (you- it)- sade:swad (saw-day-swawd).
- Smelled (I- it) - ogeseno:sho 1 (onh-gayh-senh-nonh-shoh!).

Smells bad (it) - gahse:noetge' (gawh-senh-noyd-genh!).
- Smelly (its)- gahse:noges (gawh-senh-nonh-genhs).

Smelly feet - wahsi 1dages (wawh-seeh!-dawh-genhs).
Smidgeon - osto:h (oh-stonh); [Lit. a tad amount].
- Smock - aja 1dawi1 sha 1 (ah-jawh!-daw-weeh!-shah!).
Smoke - oye 1gwa: 1 (oh-yenh!-gwah!).
Smoke (drifting up)- oye 1gweo:d (oh-yenh!-gway-od).
Smoke Shop- honoje 1gwatgeo 1geh (hoh-nonh-jenh!-gwaw-tgay-onh!-gayh); [Lit.
they are selling tobacco there].
Smoked (meat)- deyoye 1 gwai:goh (day-yoh-yenh!-gwa-eeh-gonh).
Smoker (he is)- hajeota' (haw-jay-oh-tawh!).
Smoker (he is a heavy) - hajaga 1wasta 1 (haw-jah-gawh!-was-tawh!)
,.......

J J J J J J J J ' J J , J J J J J J J ' J J J J J J J J
ONONDOWA 1 GA: 1 GAWE:NO'
Smoking (he is) - hoja:od (hoh-jaw-od).

Smoky- deyoye 1gwa:ye1 (day-yoh-yenh!-gwah-yenh!).
Smooth - gahsohwiyo:h (gawh-sonh-wee-yoh).
Snail- onohsahgehde:d (oh-nonh-sawh-gayh-dayd); [Lit. it carries its house].
Snake (generic term) - oshaisda 1 (ohs-hah-ees-dawh!).
Snake (black)- shaya 1de:s (shaw-yawh!-days).
Snake (garter)- shano:ya:ene 1 (shah-nonh-yaw-ayh-nenh!).
Snake (green ) - ogeo1 ja 1ge:a 1 (oh-gay-oh!-jawh!-gay-ah!).
Snake (milk)- sha:wihso:n (shah-weeh-sohn).
Snake (rattle) - ohsigweon (oh-seeh-gwenh-ohn).
Snake (red bellied)- tgo 1dahe 1 (tgonh!-daw-henh!).
Snake (water moccasin) - gaga:tgwa:h (gaw-gah-tgwah).
Snake (water) - hano:doh (haw-nonh-donh).
Snap-of -the- finger - ho 1we 1nya 1e:k (hoh!-wenh!-nyah!-ayk).
Snapped (it off) - ho1dwa:jak (hoh-dwah-jawk).
Snapping turtle - ganyahde:h (gaw-nyah-denh).
Snapping turtle (great) - ganyahde:gowa:h (gaw-nyah-denh-gow-wawh).
Snare drum - nigaosha 1a: (nee-gaw-oh-shah!-aah); [Lit. small box].
Snarled- deyotge 1i:h (day-yoh-tgayh!-eeh); [it is knotted].
Snarled (hair) - deyotge 1i:h (day-yoh-tgayh!-eeh); [Lit. it is tangled].
Snarling (dog) - otga:0:1 (oh-tgaw-onh!).
Sneaking - odenosgwahdoh (oh-denh-nohs-gwah-donh); [Lit. its hiding].
j
Sneaking (they're - around) - honodahsehdo:je 1s (hoh-noh-dah-sayh-donh-jayh!-s]
J J J
Sneezed (I) - ho 1dwage 1tsohs (hoh!-dwah-gayh!-chonhs).
Sneezing (it is) - deyo1tsosta 1 (day-yoh!-chonhs-tawh!).
Snipped off-jowa:goh (joh-wah-gonh).
j
Snipe - no 1 jahgwe 1 (nonh!-jawh-gwenh!).

J J
Snipe clan- Hodi1 nehsi:yo 1 (hoh-deeh!-nayh-see-yoh!).

j
Snob - wadatgonye:sta 1 (waw-daw-tgonh-nyenhs-tawh!)

J J J J J J J

Snobbish (she is)-yondatgonye:sta' (yohn-daw-tgonh-nyenhs-tawh!).

Snore - ogohgwa' (oh-gonh-gwah!).
Snore (he began to -)- wa:gohgwa:e' (wah-gonh-gwaw-enh!)
Snoring (he is)- hagohgwa:ha' (haw-gonh-gwah-hawh!).
Snoring (loud)- ogohgwae'ni:h (oh-gonh-gwah-ayh!-neeh).
-
......
Snout - o'nyohsa' (oh!-nyoh-sawh!).
Snow - oniya' (oh-nee-yawh!).
Snow (blizzard)- odetgihdoh (oh-dayh-tgeeh-donh).
- Snow (coming) - dayo'gyo:jo:je' (daw-yoh!-gyonh-jonh-jayh!).
Snow (deep)- oniyano:de:s (oh-nee-yah-noh-days).
Snow (dense) - oniyasde' (oh-nee-yahs-dayh!); [Lit. heavy snow].
Snow (drift) - oye'gweohsyo' (oh-yenh!-gway-oh-shonh!).
Snow (dusting on ground)- o'ye:jawe'sah (oh!-yenh-jaw-wayh!-sah); [Lit. it has
just covered the ground].
......
. Snow (fluffy) - do'oni:yas:de' (doh!-oh-nee-yaws-dayh!); [Lit. light snow].
Snow (intermittent) - o'gyo:hje's (oh-gyonh-jayh!-s).
- Snow (new)- oniyahse:' (oh-nee-yawh-sayh!).
Snow (packed) - oniyasde' (oh-nee-yaws-dayh!).
Snow (predicted) - eyo'gyo:di' gyo'oh (enh-yoh!-gyonh-deeh!--gyonhr-onh).
Snow (sparkling)- deyoniyosta:the (day-yoh-nee-yos-dah-tayh).
Snow (wet)- deyoniyo:go:h (day-yoh-nee-yonh-goh).
Snow (whiteout)- oye'gwada:se:h (oh-yenh-gwah-daw-sayh).
Snow fall (first)- ga'eohjenenta' (gaw-gay-oh!-jay-nehn-tawh!); [Lit. it lays down
the grasses] . A short term of warmth follows.
Snow flake - O'ga' (oh!-gah!).
- Snow flakes (random)- ho'wada'gade:ni' (hoh!-wah-dah!-gah-day-neeh!).

Snow plow- daganiyahgwih (day-gaw-neeh-yawh-gweeh); [Lit. it picks up the
snow].
Snow shoe - deye:we'geodahgwa' (day-yay-wenh!-geh-oh-dawh-gwah!).
-
Snow shovel - deganiyahgwa' (day-gaw-nee-yah-gwah!); [Lit. it is used to pick

up the snow.
Snow snake- gawa:sa• (gaw-waw-sawh!).
Snow snake (long)- gawase:s (gaw-waw-says).
Snow snake (short) - ne:gawasa1a:a (nay-gaw-waw-sawh!-aah).
Snow snake lead (on end) - ga:nego:a' (gaw-nay-goh-ah!).
Snow snake nose - gagoda 1 geh (gaw-gonh-dawh!-gayh); [Lit. on its nose].
Snow snake tail -gatgwia1 geh (gaw-tgweeh-lih!-gayh); [Lit. on its stub].
Snow snake thrower - he:oje1 s (hay-oh-jayh!-s); [Lit.he throws].
Snow snake trough - ga•owogo:h (gah!-onh-wonh-gonh); [Lit. in the track].
Snow snake trough (mouth of) - hadiyehdagwa' [Lit. where they strike].
Snow snake wax - ye:wasohga:ta1 (yay-waw-soh-gaw-tawh!). Among serious
snow-snake competitors, their personal wax recipes are carefully guarded
secrets, only generally known as "swagum", and touching a competition snake
is strictly forbidden in the field as well as in the home. Females, as spectators is
not encouraged. To date, females have not entered this old winter time sport.
Snow squalls - 0 1 gyo:je•s (oh!-gyonh-jayh!-s); [Lit. intermittent snow outbreaks].
Snowing- o•gyo:jo:h (oh-gyonh-jonh).
-
Snowing (stopped)-de•jo1 gyonjo:h (dayh!-joh!-gyohn-jonh).
Snuggle (to you) - egoya•dais (enh-gonh-yawh!-dah-ees); [Lit. I am going to get
close to your body].
Snuggled (it)- o•gaya1 dais (oh!-gaw-yayh!-dah-ees); Lit. it got close to a body]
So- nah (nlih). {C-P}
So anyway- nah-gwas-shoh (nlih-gwas-shonh). {C-P}}
So I- nah-ni' (nlih-neeh!). {C-P}
So it goes- dah-ne 1-niih-ges (daw-nayh!-nlih-genhs). {C-P}
So it is - ne•waih-niih (nayh!-wah-eeh-nlih). {C-P}
So it must be- ne•-nah-koh (nayh!-nlih-koh). {C-P}
So just ...-... niih-shoh (nah-shoh). {C-P}

- ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:Nb•
-
- So now...-...wa:eh-nah (waw-ayh-nah). {C-P}
So some usually are...-...nah-ge:�-ge:h (nah-genhs-gay). {C-P}
So the ... -...nah-neh (nah-nayh). {C-P}
So usually... - ...nah-ge:s (nah-genhs). {C-P}
Soap - onowa•sha 1 (oh-noh-wah!-shah!).
Soak (to) - deyogohjih (denh-yonh-goh-jeeh); [Lit. to become thoroughly wet]
Soaked - jojino:wa 1 Uoh-jeeh-noh-wawh!); Lit. totally soaked].
Social dances- yoenja 1 ge:ka: 1 (yo-en-jawh!-gay-kawh!); [Lit. of the earth].
Society members - hadiya 1dodahgoh (haw-dee-yawh!-donh-dah-gonh); [Lit. they
belong to their respective societies].
- Socks - adahdi 1sha 1 (ah-dawh-deeh!-shah).
Sod - 0 1 ohgwa: 1 (oh!-onh-gwah!).
Soft - ao 1deoh (ah-oh!-denh-onh).
- Soft palate (Anat) - heyonendahgwa 1 (hay-yonh-nehn-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. used for

swallowing].
- Soil - oehda 1 (oh-ayh-dawh!); [Lit. dirt].
Soiled - wo 1 otgi 1het (who!-oh-tgeeh!-hayh!-t); [Lit. it got dirty].
Soldier - hosge 1 egehdoh (hos-genh!-enh-gayh-donh); [Lit. warrior].
- Sole (on foot) (Anat.)- ga:gwehda 1 (gah-gwenh-dawh!).
Solicitor- hawisda 1ne:ka 1 (haw-wees-dah!-nay-kawh!); [Lit, he asks for money].
Solomon's seal - dega•neya1honta• (day-gawh!-nay-yawh!-hohn-tawh!); [Lit. it
-..
heals bones back together], {medicine plant}
Solution (strong) - oge 1oh (oh-genh!-onh).
Some are......ne 1-ge:h (nayh!-gayh). {C-P}
Some day- wendohshtViih (wenh-donhs-honh!-onh).
Some of them are ... - ne 1-nah-ge:h (nayh!-nah-gayh ...). {C-P}
--- Some more- ahsoh koh (ah-sonh--koh); [Lit. and more]. {C-P}
Some one- so:ga: 1 (sonh-gawh!).
Some other place- oya 1 jih (oh-yah!-jeeh).

Some thing - gwisde• (gwees-denh!).

Some times- gatga:• (gawt-gawh!).
Some where- gatga•hoh (gaw-tgawh!-hoh).
. Some where else- oya•jih-nah (oh-yawh!-jeeh-nah ). {C-P}
-
Somersault (you) - dese•tsigahtsak (day-senh!-cheeh-gawh-chawk).
Sometime - gatga:• (gaw-tgawh!).
Something - gwisde• (gwees-denh!).
Son (my)- hea:wak (hay-aw-wawk).
Son (your) - hesha:wak (hays-haw-wawk)
Son-in-law (my)- akne:ho:s (awk-nay-honhs).
Son-in-law (to parents-in-law)- akne:ho:s (awk-nay-honhs).
Songs - gaeno•sho• (gah-enh-nonh!-shonh!).
Soon - jigwas (jee-gwas).
Sorcerers (they are)- hono:ntgo• (hoh-nohn-gonh!).
Sorcerer's medicine - otgo• (oat-gonh!).
Sore- ono:kde• (oh-nong-dayh!).
Sore (my eyes)- agega:no:wo:koh (ah-gay-gaw-nonh-wonh-konh).
Sore throat (I have ) - age:nya•sano:wo:s (ah-gay-nyah!-saw-nonh-wonhs).
Sorrel (It. brown) - oisgwanye•da•e• (oh-ees-gwa-nyenh!-dah!-enh!), J.Curtin 1896
Sorrow (my) - age:nye•ta• (ah-gay-nyenh!-tawh!).
Sorrowful (it is)- ohsehseh (oh-senh-sayh).
Sorrowful (I come feeling -) - agehsehse:ahje• (ah-gayh-senh-say-ah-jayh!).
Sorry (made me -)- o:gehses (onh-gayh-senhs).
Sorry (makes me -)- agesehseh (ah-gayh-senh-sayh).
Sort of (pretense)- awe:d (aw-wayd).
Sorted- deyo:nyahso:h (day-yoh-nyah-sonh); [Lit. its been picked over]
Soul - otwaihsha• (oh-twa-eehs-hah!).
Sound (audible)- oo:gat (oh-onh-gawt).
Sound (of the trumphet)- gawe:ni:s ( gaw-wenh-nees). Christian belief, that the
-
sound of the trumphet heralds the judgement day.

Soup- onegagi' (oh-nay-gaw-geeh!); [Lit. watery substance].
Soups (types of) - o rjonegi'syo'de' (oh!-joh-nay-geeh!-shoh!-denh!).
Sour- ojiwageh (oh-jeeh-wah-genh!).
-, Sour (became) - o'joyo 1jishet (oh!-joh-yoh!-jees-hah!-t).
Sour fruit- oya:jiwa:geh (oh-yah-jeeh-wah-genh).
South- Oneno'ge:gwa:h (oh-nay-nonh!-gay-gwah); [Lit.toward the warmth].
Sovereignty - honondadwe:ni:yo' (hoh-nohn-daw-dwenh-nee-yoh!); [Lit. an
independent government].
Spade- gagawihsa' (gaw-gaw-weeh-sawh!).
Spark- oji:sta' (oh-jee-staw!).
Sparked - ho rdwatsisdo:go' (hoh!-dwa-chees-doh-goh!).
Sparkling - deyostahde:noh' (day-yoh-stah-tay-nonh).
Sparrow (bean) -gaisge'se: 1 (guys-genh!-sayh!).
Spattered - ho rdwadesdeogo' (hoh!-dwah-days-day-oh-goh!).
Spattered mud - ho'dwatga 1steogo
• 1 (hoh!-dwah-tgah!-stay-oh-goh!).
Spatula- yegahatwa:ta 1 (yay-gaw-haw-twah-tah!); [Lit. for turning things over]

-
- Speak (you) - sesnyet (says-nyayt).
Speaker (he)- hahta:ha' (haw-taw-hawh!).
Spear - gahsigwa:' (gah-seeh-gwah!)
- Spearing- henotosyo:ta 1 (henh-nonh-tonh-show-ah!). In preparation for spearing, a
sizable ball of oil soaked rags wrapped in chicken wire, was tied at the end of a
long stick, and lit to create light for spearers to see the fish.
-- Spears (he)- hado:as (haw-doh-ahs).
Species (many) - ta,jo'de 1 (tawh!-joh!-denh!); [Lit. many types].
Speckled- ojisdanohgweo' (oh-jees-dah-noh-gwenh-onh!); [Lit.fields of light].
Speech (voice) - ga:weno:n (gaw-wenh-nohn); [Lit. its ability to talk].
...... Speech impairment - de'gawe:non (dayh!-gaw-wenh-nohn); [Lit. no voice]
- Speech impediment - owa 1his (oh-wah!-hees); [Lit. stutters].

Speechless - o rdwadio'ko:' (oh!-dwah-deeh-oh-konh!); [Lit. can't find the words].

Speedily - 01 hasdahje1 (oh!-haws-day-jayh!).
Spent- ode 1da:h (oh-denh!-dawh).
Spent blooms- aweo:gesdoh (ah-wenh-onh-genhs-donh).
Spice bush - da,ja1s (daw!-jawh!-s). {medicine plant}
Spider - jVii:ye:h (jeeh!-lih-yenh).
Spikenard- jowosesgo:wa:h (jonh-wonh-says-goh-wawh).
Spill - oi 1 oh (oh-eeh!-onh).
Spilled - ho1ga:it (hoh!-guy-eet); [Lit. it spilled].
Spilled (you - it)- ho1shih (hoh!-sheeh).
Spilling out - joi 1 oh (joh-eeh!-onh).
Spine (Anat.)- osje1sa1 (ohs-jayh!-sah!).
Spinning- otgahado:h (oat-gaw-haw-donh); [Lit. turning arouns and around].
Spinning (she is- thread)- yehsi:nyeh (yayh-seeh-nayh).
Spirit- otwaisha1 (oh-twa-ees-hah!).
Spirits (as omniscient) - de1shodigodo1 (dayh!-s-hoh-deeh-gonh-donh!).
Spit- osga' (ohs-gah!).
Spitting (he is -) - henisgyoje;s (henh-nees-gyonh-jayh!-s).
Splashed (it) - ho1dwadesdeogo1 (hoh-dwa-days-day-oh-goh!).
Spleen (Anat).- otgwisa' (oh-tgweeh-sawh!).
Splint- owe ga:1 (oh-wenh!-gah!). Prepared wood splints for basket making.
1
Splint dye, paint - ohsohgwa' (oh-soh-gwah!).

Splint curls (flat)- 01noweonyo' (oh!-noh-wenh-onh-nyonh!); [Lit. bugs on it].
Splint curls - oji 1syoyo:do' (oh-jeeh!-shonh-yoh-donh!); [Lit.standing peaks].
Splint (hem)- dehsa1enoe' (denh-sawh!-enh-noh-enh!); [Lit. you will hem the
basket top].
Splint, inner rim - deyo1eno:hgwa1 (day-yonh!-enh-nonh-gwah!).
Splint, outer rim- asde:ka:1 (aws-day-kawh!).
Splints (she's making)-yo:wege:onih (yonh-wenh-genh!-onh-neeh).

Splints (scraping)- yo:we'ga:ge:das [she's scraping splints]

Splints (trimming)- ye:wega:dogesta' [she's straightening splints].
Splinter- otsinosga' (oh-chee-nohs-gah!).
Splintered- o'watsinosgeoni' (oh!-wah-chee-nonhs-genh-onh-neeh!).
Splinter (I got)- ogatsinosga'gat (onh-gaw-chee-nohs-gah!-gawt).
Split (divided)- degakahso:h (day-gaw-kaw-sonh).
Split (i.e. wood)- deyo:we' (day-yoh-wenh!).
Split (forceably )- o'dwado:we:' (oh!-dwah-doh-wenh!).
- Split ends (hair)- deyotge'odo:we' (day-yoh-tgeh!-oh-doh-wenh!).
Spoiled (child) - gaksa'daetgehdoh (gawk-sah!-daw-ayh-tgenh-donh).
Spoiled (food)- oetgesdoh (oat-genhs-donh).
Spoiled fruit - oya:tge:h (oh-yaw-tenh).
Spoiling (boy child)- howosa'daetgenta' {honh-wonh-sawh!-daw-ayd-genh-tawh!).
Spoiling (girl child) - gowosa,daetgenta' (gonh-wonh-sawh!-daw-ayd-genh-tawh!)
.....
Spoiling fruit- oya:tges (oh-yaw-tgenhs).
Spoiling leaves- ganehdae:tgenta, (gaw-nenh-daw-aye-tgenh-tawh!); [Lit. its
- spoiling the leaves].A period of cool nights and rain in the fall prior to the
coloration of the leaves.
Spokesman - hawe:no' (haw-wenh-nonh!); [Lit. he's the voice].
...... Sponging (he is -)- hotwa'isdoh (hoh twah!-ees-donh); [Lit. he is staying for free].
- Sponsors- hono:dehs (hoh-nonh-denhs); [Lit. they prepare the 'doings'].
Spoon- adogwa'sha' (ah-doh-gwah!-shah); [Lit. to dip with].
Spoon, big- wadogwa'syowaneh (wah-doh-gwah!-show-waw-nenh).
-- Sporatic- ogweo:nyo' (oh-gwenh-onh-nyonh!); [Lit. here and there].
Spouse (his/her -)- ne:yo:' (nay-yoh-!).
- Spout (for sap)- ohga:a' (oh-gaw-ah!).

Spout (mouth of)- o:sohgwa' (oh-soh-gwah!).
- Spring peeper - ga'nO'S (gawh!-noh!-s).
Spring peepers (calling) - wadi'DO'S (wah-deeh!-nohs).

String (broke)-ho•dwadehsi:nyak (hoh!-dwah-dayh-see-nyak).

String {I tied the -)- ho 1gehsiyada:se 1 (hoh-gayh-see-yah-daw-sayh!).
Spread (I- it on)- a:gohga:h (ah-goh-gawh); [Lit. I spread it on].
Spreader (knife) - ya:gohga:ta 1 (yaw-goh-gaw-tawh!); [Lit. used for spreading].
Spreading- deyodogweohje 1 (day-yoh-doe-gwanh-onh-jayh!; [Lit. its scattering].
Spreads (food - ) - yagohgata 1 (yaw-goh-gaw-tawh!); [Lit. to spread on food].
(dressing, gravy, jams and jellies, mustard, etc..)
Spreads - dewadogwas (day-wah-doh-gwas); [Lit. it scatters].
Spread the news (you)- ehsiwano:ga:d (enh-see-wah-nonh-gad).
Spring - gegwedekneh (genh-gway-dayk-nayh).
Spring Spirit -Gegwedekneh (genh-gway-dayk-nayh).
Spring thaw-dodagaswi:ne:d (donh-daw-gaws-wee-nayd); [Lit. warmed a bit].
Spring (season)- ge:gwedekneh (genh-gway-dayk-nayh).
Spring (water)- odo:sho:d (oh-donh-shoad).
Spring- onegitgeoh Goh-nay-geet-genh-onh); [Lit. water comes out].
Sprinkled- ho 1dwadesdeogwad (hoh!-dwa-days-day-oh-gwad)
Sprinkled (with ashes)- wa 1geo:seoh (wah!-gay-oh-senh-onh).
Sprinkling- odesdadenyo:h (oh-days-dah-day-nyonh); [Lit. rain drops].
Sprint (you -)- dahse•sga:h (dah-senh!-sgawh); [Lit. take off running fast].
Sprout- ohwe•o:d (oh-wenh!-ohd).
Sprouted- o•gahwe10:de• (oh-gah-wenh!-oh-denh!).
Spruce- gaswa 1da 1 (gaw-swah!-dah!).
Spun (thread)- gahsi:nye:h (gah-see-nyayh).
Spun (she had- thread)- wa•ehsi:nye:h (wah!-ayh-see-nyayh)
Spur- ganyedahso:d (gaw-nyenh-dawh-soad); [Lit. a beak on it].
Squab- jahgo:wa: 1 otwasa:a Gah-goh-wawh!--oh-twas-aah); [Lit. baby piegeon].
Squandered- wade•da:h (waw-denh!-dawh); [Lit. spent].
Square- deyodoge:ho1 (day-yoh-doh-genh-honh!).
-
Square dance - gai•yani:yon (gaw-eeh!-yaw-nee-yohn); [Lit. hanging hip].

289
Cultural Tip: this dance is said to be displeasing to the Creator; that this dance is
done upon a red hot floor in the devil's house.
~
Square dance- ganohsoda:ga:nye: 1 (gaw-nonh-soh-daw-gah-nyayh!); [Lit.

'"'
unknown]. Another term for 'square dance.
Square pan- deyodoge:ho 1 (day-yoh-doh-genh-honh!); [Lit. it is square].
Squash (generic term) - onyohsa 1 (oh-nyonh-sawh!).
- Squash (crookneck)- onya•sa• (oh-nyah-sawh!); [Lit. neck].
- Squash (scalloped)- onyohsa 10:weh (oh-nyonh-sawh!-onh-wayh); [Lit. native
'real' squash]. Cultural Tip: it is said that this squash was the first variety planted
on the new Turtle Island.
- Squash (hubbard)- oshe 1 do:d (ohs-hayh!-dod); [Lit. it has a navel].

Squash (gray) - o•yagaen (oh-yay-gaw-ehn).
Squash (pumpkin)- o:nyohsowa:neh (oh-nyonh-sow-waw-nenh); [Lit. big
squash].
Squash (watermelon)-- o:nyohsatgos (oh-nyonh-sawd-gonhs); [Lit. raw squash].
Squash rattle- onyohsa 1 -gasdowe 1sa1 (oh-nyonh-sawh!--gawhs-donh-wenh!
shah!); [Lit. squash rattle].
Squatted (it)- ho 1dweno 1ta:ye: 1 (hoh!-dwenh-nonh!-tah-yanh); [Lit. it sat on its
haunches].
Squatter - otwa 1 isdoh (oh-twah!-ees-donh).
Squatting- deyono 1ta:ye 1 (day-yoh-nonh!-tah-yenh!; [Lit its sitting on its
haunches].
Squatting (partly)- deyono 1tso:d (day-yoh-nonh!-chod); [Lit. its nearly on its
haunches].
Squeaking- deyohtsi 1eshaga:h (day-yoh-cheeh!-ays-hah-gawh).
Squirrel (black)- jokda:go 1 (ioak-dawh-honh!).
- Squirrel (flying)- tha:wa:so:n (taw-wah-sohn).
Squirrel, (gray)- joni:sgyo:n (ioh-nees-gyohn).
Stabbed (I got)- oga'gad (onh-gah!-gawd); [Lit. I got pierced].
--.
Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 290 ~-
Stabbing pain- dewa•ista• (day-wawh!-ees-tawh!); [Lit. it pierces, stabs].

Stack- dewatehsyo:d (day-wat-enh-shod); [Lit. its stacked up].
Stack (you)- desatehsyo:deh ( day-sawd-enh-show-denh!).
Stain - ohso 1oh (oh-soh!-onh); [Lit. its become colored].
Stained - ho 1wahsot (hoh!-wah-soh!-t); [Lit. it colored].
Stair - ga 1tesha 1 (gah!-tenhs-hah!); [Lit. to climb up on].
Stairway- ga 1te:syo:d (gah-tenh-shoud); [Lit. steps to go up on].
Staggering (he is)- hashanye:ne1s (haws-haw-nyay-nenh!-s).
Stalk (thick)- 0 no:da 1 (oh!-noh-dawh!).
1
Stalking - ode:je 1s (oh-denh-jawh!-s); [Lit. lurking here and there].

Stalemate (issue) - ho 1dwahdioda:h (hoh!-dwa-dee-oh-dah); [Lit. the matter
-
became snagged].
Stalemate (end of)- ho 1 dwadio:da:go (hoh!-dwaw-dee-oh-dah-goh!); [Lit. the
matter straightened out].
1
-
Stamina - aohoni:yo 1 (ah-onh-honh-nee-yonh); [Lit. it has strength].
Stamping stick- ga 1hnya 1 (gawh!-nyah!).
Stanchions - josgwaon dewadidasta 1 (ios-gwah-ohn--day-wawh-deeh-daws-
tawh!); [Lit. where the cows stand].
Stand (you)- desdat (days-dawt).
Standing (you are) - sta:je 1s (stawh-jayh!-s).
Standing (upright/inanimate)- ganyo:d (gaw-nyod).
Standing forest- gaha:do:d (gaw-haw-dod).
Stand-in- oja 1dondahgoh (oh-jawh!-dohn-dawh-gonh); [Lit. its taking its place].
Standing- quiver dance- ga 1da:syo:d (gawh!-dawh-showed).
Standing pot - gano 1jo:d (gaw-nonh!-jod); [Lit. a standing pot]. Cultural Tip:
Before the introduction of handled kettles, the women made rounded bottom
clay pots in which to boil and cook food. The pot was placed over a fire pit, with
stones surrounding the pot as support.
Star- ojihso 1da 1 (oh-jeeh-sonh!-dawh!); [Lit. a light at night].

-
- Starling - jago:gi:h (jaw-go-geeh).
-- Starry night - gajihso 1dahsiya: 1 (gaw-jeeh-sonh!-dawh-see-yawh!); [Lit. lights at
night shining together].
- Stars- ojihso 1da1 : (oh-jeeh-sonh!-dawh!); [Lit. lights at night]. Cultural Tip: In

1
the Gano:nyoh (Thanks Giving Address), a section refers to the stars to whom
-- respect and gratitude is extended for their continued provision of the morning
dew, guidance by starlight, and signals proper times for ceremonial observance
and planting of seeds.
Stars (continual duty)- egajihso 1dahsi:a:k (anh-gawh-jeeh-sonh!-dawh-see-awk);
[Lit. there will (always) be many lights at night].
Start (let's all) - dwahsa:weh (dwah-saw-wenh).
-- Start over- dejohdagoh (day-joh-daw-goh).
Started (its already) - ohsa: 1 (oh-sawh!).
- Started (over) - dejohsa: 1 (day-joh-sawh!).
Started (it)- ho 1 wahsawe 1 (hoh!-wawh-sawh-wenh!).
Startling (its)- odeyogwahde: 1 (oh-denh-yoh-gwah-dath!).
Startled (me)- ogadeyo:go' (onh-gaw-denh-yoh-goh!).
Startled (I was) - ho 1dwaga:tgweni 1e:g (hoh!-dwaw-gawt-gwen-neeh!-ohg).
- Starts- wahsa:har (wah-saw-hawh!); [Lit. it begins].

Starvation - e:da1 hodinyos (anh-dawh!--hoh-dee-nyohs); [Lit. they die from
hunger].
State - ganogda 1geh (gaw-nong-dawh!-gayh); [Lit. at the 'level'].
.......
Statement (word)- gaiwahde 1 (guy-wah-dayh!)
State trooper- shagoye:no:s (shaw-goh-yay-nonhs); [Lit. he catches them].
Station - oe 1hesta 1 (oh-enh!-haws-tawh!); [Lit. place where it stops].
Stature (tall) - degae:ga:ye:s (day-gaw-enh-gaw-yays).
-. Staying- 0 1jo 1 (oh!-jonh!); [Lit. can not leave].
Steel - gaisda1 (gaw-ees-dawh!).
Steam- osha:da 1 (ohs-haw-dah!).
-
Steam locomotive & tender- ono 1 e:1 (oh-nonh!-anh!); [Lit. head].

Steam (rising)- oshado:d (ohs-haw-dod).
Steep bank - dege 1 ohgae:s (day-genh!-onh-guys).
Steep hill - ono:de:s (oh-nohn-days).
Stem- oonda1 (oh-onh-dawh!).
Step (you - on it)- sashe:dat (saws-hen-dawt).
Stepdaughter (my)-keno: 1 (kay-noh!).
Stepdaughter (their) - shagodi:no: 1 (shaw-goh-dee-noh!).
Stepfather (my) - hakno 1is (hawk-nonh!-ees).
Stepmother (her) - gono 1is (go-nonh!-ees).
Stepmother (his)- hono 1 is (ho-nonh!-ees).
Stepmother (my)- akno1 is (awh-knonh!-ees)
Stepparent - akniVisha 1 (ah-knonh!-ees); [Lit. my stepparent].
Stepped (I- on it) - agasheda 1 oh (ah-gawh-shen-dawh!-onh); [Lit. I have stepped].
Stepped (over)- 0 1wa:ta 1awe:en (oh!-waw-tawh!-awh-wen); [Lit. it stepped over].
Stepping- washe:da 1s (was-henh-dawh!-s); [Lit. its stepping on].
Steps (up)- wa:ta 1 awe:s (waw-tawh!-awh-wenh-s); [Lit. it steps up].
Steps on - yoshendahgwa' (yonhs-hen-dawh-gwawh!); [Lit. used for stepping on].
Stepson (my -)-heno:1 (hay-noh!).
Stepson (their)- howo:no:1 (honh-wonh-noh!).
Stereotyping - neyokiya 1do 1 de:sdoh (nay-yonh-kee-yah!-doh!-denhs-donh); [Lit.
what they have made us look like].
Stick - ga 1wasda 1 (gah!-was-dawh!); [Lit. for beating tempo in music].
Stick dance- wa 1eno 1e: 1 (wawh!-enh-nonh!-eh!); [Lit. striking the stick].
Stick- ga 1wasda 1 (gawh!-was-dawh!).
Sticky- oa 1neda:s (oh-ah!-neh-dawhs); [Lit. it becomes stuck].
Stiff (become) - odaga:0 1 (oh-daw-gah-onh!); [Lit. its brittle].
Stiff (material)- ganesdo 1ga:a 1 (gaw-nays-doh!-gaah!).
Stiff (hide)- ganesdo 1ga:a 1 (gaw-nays-doh!-gaah!).

-- Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary
. 293
......
Still air- tiyoda:jeeh (tee-yoh-dah-jay-enh).
Stinger (bee's) - gajinea 1 (gaw-jee-nay-ah!).
Stink bug - ga 1nowages (gawh!-noh-waw-genhs).
Stir (you)- desa:wenye:h (day-saw-wenh-nyay); [Lit. you stir it].
Stirred (it) - hordwa:wenye: 1 (hoh-dwa-wenh-nyayh!).
Stirring (food- they are) - deonowe:nye:h (day-oh-nonh-wenh-nyay).
Stirring implement - dewa:wenyes (day-wah-wenh-nyays); [Lit. it stirs].
Stitched - sga 1ni:ko 1 (sgah!-nee-konh!); [Lit. re stitched].
Stocking - adahdi 1 sha 1 (ah-dah-deeh!-shah!).
Stocking cap- gayowehdo:d (gaw-yoh-wayh-doad).
f
Stomach (Anat.)- yekwahdahgwa 1 (yay-kwah-dah-gwah!); [Lit. place for ood].
Stomach ache- gaswa:go 1s (gaws-swah-gonh!-s); [Lit. it has a side ache].
Stomach (in my) (anat.) - gekwadahgwago:h (gay-kwaw-dah-gwah-gonh); [Lit. in
my food area].
Stomp dance- ga 1dasyo:d (gawh!-daw-shod); [Lit. standing quiver dance].
Stone- ga'sgwa: 1 (gawh!-sgwah!).
Stone chisel- 0 1gaogwata 1 - (oh!-gaw-onh-gwah-tawh!); [Lit. for girding trees by
....... chipping away the burned areas].
Stone giant (myth) - genosgwa' (genh-nonhs-gwawh!).
Stone gauges -01 gaogwata 1 (oh!-gaw-oh-gwah-tawh!). { convex in shape for
excavating canoes, utensils, etc.}
Stone house- ga'sgwa:' ganohsonya1doh (gawh!-sgwah!--gaw-nonh-soh-dawh
.......
gonh); [Lit. a house made of stone].
Stone mortar - yeistonya1ta 1 (yay-ees-donh-nyah!-tawh!); [Lit. for
-- pounding and pulverizing corn, roots, barks]. At least 4 big stone mortars have
- been seen along a 20 mile stretch on the Great Valley Creek around September
when the water is low. One mortar is said to be 26' in circumference,
approximately 10 inches high with 12 hollows. These mortars are thought to
have been used in ancient times. A 4'x 6' mortar with 5 hollows can be seen in

front of the Seneca Iroquois National Museum on the Seneca Territory at

Salamanca, NY
Stone root - ogohga1sha1 (og-gonh-gawh!-shah!).
Stop (you) - sae 1 het (saw-enh!-hayt); [Lit. do not go].
Stop (you- doing that)- seni:he:h (senh-neeh-henh).
Stop sign- 'SAE 1HET' (saw-enh!-hayt); [Lit. you stop].
Stopped (activity)- oni:he 1 (oh-nee-henh!).
Stopped (at a point) - ho•ge:kdat (hoh!-gayg-dawh!-t); [Lit. I went up to there].
Stopped (had)- oe 1he1 0:no1 (oh-enh!-hayh!-onh-nonh!).
Stopped (vehicle) - oe 1 he1 oh (oh-enh!-hayh!-onh); [Lit. it has stopped).
Stopped raining- ho 1 gasdaento 1 (hoh!-gaws-daw-ehn-toh!).
Stopping place- oe1 hesta1 (oh-enh!-hays-tawh!); [Lit. where it stops] depot, station
-
Stops (it- it)- gae 1hesta1 (gaw-enh!-hays-tawh!).
Store - hadeninosgeh (haw-denh-nee-nohs-gayh); [Lit. where he sells at].
Stored- wadahgwahye• (waw-dah-gwah-yenh!); [Lit. placed temporarily].
Stored (I - it)- ho 1 gehseno:ni 1 (hoh!-gayh-senh-nonh-neeh!).
Store keeper- hadeninos (haw-denh-nee-nohs); [Lit. he sells].
Stove (heating)- yenosadaiya1da:gwa1 (yay-nonh-saw-daw-eeh-yayh!-dah
gwah!); [Lit. used for heating the house].
Stove (cooking)- yekonya 1da:gwa 1 (yay-kohn-nyah!-dah-gwah!); [Lit. for
cooking].
Stove pipe- aweo 1da1 (ah-way-oh!-dawh!); [Lit. a tube].
Straight- odogehdoh (oh-doh-genh-donh).
Straightened - ohdagwaihso:h (oh-dawh-gwaw-eeh-sonh).
Straight hair- oge 1ado:gehdoh (oh-gayh!-ah-doh-genh-donh).
Straight road- ao:do:gehdoh (ah-oh-doh-genh-donh).
Strainer- dewenowode:nya1 ta 1 (day-wenh-nonh-who-day-nyah!-tawh!).
Stranded (I am) - agi 1jo 1 (ah-geeh!-jonh!); [Lit. tied down, hindered].
Strange- gwa 1tiyo 1de:h (gwah!-tee-yoh!-denh); [Lit. uncanny].

-- Stranger (person) - so:gwah-sho:h (sonh-gwah-shonh); [Lit. unknown person].
- Strap- gasha:a1 (gaws-haw-ah!).
- Straw - ohsino1da 1 (oh-see-noh!-dawh!).
Straw stack- gaji 1hosdohgo:d (gaw-jeeh!-hohs-doh-goad).
-
- Strawberry- ojisdo:da 1sha1 (oh-jees-donh-dawh!-shah!).
- Strawberry (wild)- sesah ojisdo:da1sha1 (says-ah--oh-jees-donh-dawh!-shah!).
- Strawberry bean- { Seneca term lost}

Strawberry ceremony- Henonda:ye:es (hen-nohn-daw-yays); [Lit. gathering of
- berries] One version.
Strawberry Ceremony - Henodayo:s (hen-nohn-daw-yohs); [Lit. putting berries in
-
- water]. Another version.
Stream- geho:de 1 (genh-honh-dayh!).
- Stream (mouth of)- awe:geoh (aw-way-genh-onh).

Streams (will continue to be -)- eyojino:ya 1deonyo:g [in Ganonyog].
Strength - ga1hasdesha1 (gawh!-haws-day-shah!); {Lit. power of righteousness}
Stressed (upon) - tgaihwa:ekdoh (tgaw-eeh-waw-ayk-donh).
- Stretched - deyodi:yo:n (day-yoh-dee-yohn).
Stretched (became -)- 01tgadiyo:de 1 (oh!-tgaw-dee-yohn-denh!).
- Stretched (body muscles) - ho1waja1de:s (hoh!-wah-jawh!-days); [Lit. made the

body long].
Stretched (on a frame)- ga1sa:do1 (gaw!-sah-donh!).
- Stretching (muscles) - deyosha:nye:h (day-yos-hah-nyay); [Lit. exercising].
Stricking a stick- ganesda 1e:h (gaw-nays-dah!-ayh).
-
- String- gahsi:ya 1 (gah-see-yah!).
String bean- otgowo1sa:1 (oh-tgoh-wonh!-sawh!).
String bean ceremony- henodetgowo1seoa1 (henh-nohn-day-tgonh-wonh!-say-oh
ah!)[Lit. they put string beans in water].
Strings-attached- gasheo:do1 (gaws-henh-onh-donh!); [Lit. they are tied to.. ].
- Strip it (you) - dasegehda:h (daw-say-genh-dawh).
-
Strips (for refinishing) - tagehdeos (taw-genh-denh-onhs).

Stroked (I) - ho 1gya 1dosyo:ko 1 (hoh!-gyah!-doh-shonh-goh!).
Strong- ga•ha:sde• (gawh!-haws-dayh!).
Strong commitment- gaiwa 1ha:sde 1 (guy-wawh!-haws-dayh!).
Strong player (he) - hajisgwahgeo 1 (haw-jees-gwah-genh-onh!).
Strong willed- 0 1nigoehni:yoh (oh!-nee-gonh-enh-nee-yonh).
Strong wind- ga 1hasde 1 (gah!-haws-dayh!).
Storage- yeda:gwa• (yay-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. place where things are kept].
Stuck (in mud) - ho•gaga 1steo:dat (hoh!-gaw-gawh!-stay-oh-dawt).
Struck (mind)- wo•o•nigoe•e:g (woh!-oh!-nee-gonh-enh!-ayg); [Lit. an idea hit].
Stuck into - ho 1ga:nyodat (hoh!-gaw-nyoh-dawt).
Stuck on- oa 1neda:goh (oh-ah!-nenh-daw-gonh).
Stuck (I- it on)- o•ga•nenda:g (oh!-gah!-nenh-dawg).
Struggled - ho 1 tgade:nyo 1dagai: 1 (hoh!-tgaw-day-nyoh!-daw-gah-eeh!); [Lit.I
took advantage of it].
Stubbed my toe- ho 1gatahgwi:nyak (hoh!-gaw-taw-gweeh-nyawk); [Lit. I broke
my toe].
Stubborn (stays in place)- ode 1 gwa:ye 1 (oh-denh!-gwah-yenh!); [Lit. won't go].
Student (he)- hadeyesta 1 (haw-day-yenhs-tawh!); [Lit. he's reading].
Student (she) - yondeyesta 1 (yohn-day-yenhs-tawh!); [Lit. she's reading].
Stuffy nose (I have)- dege 1 nyogwe:goh (day-gayh!-nyonh-gway-gonh).
Stuffy nose (you have)- dese 1nyogwe:goh (day-sayh!-nyonh-gway-gonh).
Stumbled (I)- dawagasi 1 jak (daw-wah-gaw-seeh!-jawk);[Lit. it cut my foot off].
Stump- ohji 1gyo:d (oh-jeeh!-gyoad).
Stump smut - oisgwanye 1da• (oh-ees-gwah-nyenh!-dawh!).
Stung (I got)- oge 1nohgo:nde 1 (onh-gayh!-nonh-gonh-denh!).
Stunted (by overgrowth) - odehada:di:h (oh-day-haw-daw-deeh).
Stupid (it is) - do 10 1nigon (doh!-oh!-nee-gohn); [Lit. no intelligence].
Stupid (you are) - de•sa•ni:gon (dayh!-sawh!-nee-gohn); [Lit. you've no
Key: a as in ah;- e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 297.
-
.......
intelligence].
-- Sturgeon- ogawihso:d (oh-gaw-wih-soad).
Stuttering (she's) - gowa 1hihsyoh (goh-wawh!-heeh-shonh).
Stutters (he) - howa 1his (ho-wawh!-hees).
...... Stymied (I'm) - 0 1dwagesde:n (oh!-dwah-gays-dehn); [Lit. I'm put over the cliff].
Subchief - heodanoh - henh-onh-dah-nonh); [Lit. he guards the tree of peace].
Submerged- ho 1wahdo:h (hoh!-wah-doh); [Lit. it dove underwater].
Submitted (info) - gaiwinyo 1doh (guy-weeh-nyonh!-donh).
Subscribed - gaiwani:no 1 (guy-wah-nee-nonh!); [Lit. bought the news].
--.
Subsided (from pain) - ha 1dosagaye:ndat (hawh!-donh-saw-gaw-yenh-dawt).
......
- Subsiding - ha 1desgaye:nda 1s (hawh!-days-gaw-yenh-dawh!-s).

Subtract (you)- s0 1ne:g (sonh!-nayg); [Lit. you take sway].
Suburbs - deganondayendo 1 honjo 1 (day-gaw-nonh-daw-yehn-donh!-honh-jonh!);
[Lit. connected townships].
Success - wo 1osgastet (woh!ohs-gaws-tayh!-t); [Lit. it became possible].
Successful - osgaste 1oh (ohs-gaws-tayh!-onh); [Lit. it did come to be].
--.
Sucker (fish) - dawa:eno 1 (daw-waw-enh-nonh!).
- Sucker (on cornstalk)- awega:1 (aw-wenh-gah!).
Sucking- ao•ji:yo:h (aw-oh!-jeeh-yonh). { an old term}
Sucking (breast) - ono•geeh (oh-nonh!-gay-enh).
-- Sucks (it) - wasdeonta 1 (wahs-denh-onh-tawh!).
Suddenly- jogwa•oh-shoh (jong-gwah!-onh-shonh).
Suffered pain (it)- ho 1 dwadoho:gai 1 (hoh!-dwa-donh-honh-guyh!).
Suffered pain (I) - ho 1tgadoho:gai 1 (hoh!-tgaw-donh-honh-guyh!).
- Suffering - agyo:yage:h (ah-gyonh-yaw-genh); [I'm in torment].

Sugar- owa:no 1 (oh-waw-nonh!).
Sugar Grove, PA- Joe:je•syo: 1 (joh-enh-jenh!-shonh!); [Lit. sunken areas of land].
Suicide- wodadi:yo• (who-daw-dee-yoh!); [Lit. he killed himself].
Suit-wahgwa:se: 1 (wah-gwaw-sayh!); [Lit. new covering].
-
-
Suitcase - yeyaeowi:ta 1 (yay-yaw-enh-onh-wee-tawh!); [Lit. the bag one takes].

Suite - ohgwahgwe:goh (oh-gwah-gway-gonh); [Lit. the whole outfit, set].
Sulphur Springs, Catt. Terr. -Tganegages (tga-nay-gaw-genhs); [Lit.smelly water].
Sulphur water - ganegages (gaw-nay-gaw-genhs); [Lit. smelly water ], the
chemical sulphur enters a water table and creates a smelly and untasty water.
Sumac - otgo 1 da1 (oh-tgoh!-dawh!). {medicinal properties}
Summarized (orally)- sgaiwa:no:d (sguy-waw-noad); [Lit. matter repeated].
Summer (it is)-deyogeho:jo:h (day-yoh-genh-honh-jonh).
Summer- gehe:neh (genh-hay-nayh).
Summer (all) - ogehogwe:goh (oh-genh-honh-gway-gonh).
Summer (long)- gage:hi:s (gaw-genh-hees).
Summer (mid)- ha 1degagehoeh (hawh!-day-gaw-genh-honh-enh).
Summer (whole)- ogehogwe:goh (oh-genh-honh-gweh-gonh)
Summons - hege:no:s (he-genh-nonhs); [Lit. it calls to come].
Summoned (he- me)- wagi:no:g (waw-gee-nong); [Lit. he called me to come].
Sun- endeka: 1 gahgwa:' (enh-day-kawh!--gah-gwah!); [Lit.day time moon].
Cultural Tip: In the Gano:nyog (Thanks Giving Address) is a section referring to
-
the sun as our elder brother to whom respect and gratitude is expressed for the
light and warmth he continues to provide for the creation on earth.
Sun- deyogwadehate,dahgoh (day-yoh-gwah-day-haw-teh!-dawh-gonh); [Lit.
we use it for light].
Sun ceremony-dadino:nyoh edeka: 1 gahgwa:1 (day-awh-deeh-nonh-nyonh
enh-day-kawh!--gah-gwawh!; [Lit. they are giving thanks (for) daytime moon].
Sun fish- ogahgwa:1 (oh-gawh-gwah!).
Sun flower- owa 10:sa' (ah-wah!-onh-sawh!). Cultural Tip: When Skyholder was
creating animals and plants on Turtle Island, he created the sunflower, that it
would measure the approach of the sun.
Sun rise - daga:gwi:tgent (daw-gah-gweeh-tgent); [Lit. the sun came into view].
Sun set- ho'ga:gwe 1 t (hoh!-gah-gwent; [Lit. the sun went down].

....... ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO'
Sun stroke- esade:gwen (enh-sawh-denh-gwen); [Lit. you will be hit by the sun].
Sunday- Deyodenitsiya'goh (dat-yoh-denh-neet-chee-yuk-gonh); [Lit. a day is
broken in half] { this is one version of 'Sunday'.
Sunday- A:wendadogehdi1 (awh-wen-daw-doh-genh-deeh!); this is
-. another version of 'Sunday}

Sunshine- odehgo:d (oh-denh-go-d).
Superstitious- ohjawe: 1 (oh-jawh-wayh!); [Lit. taboo].
Support beams - ganosdo:do 1 (gaw-nonhs-doh-donh!); [Lit. support beams are
-- standing].
Supposedly (pretense) - awe:d (awh-wayd).
Supposedly (indefinite) - ne 1 noh (nayh!-nonh). {C-P}
Supplement- detga:e 1 (dayt-gah-ayh!); [Lit. another added on top of].
Supplement- owehde' (oh-wenh-dayh!); [Lit. adding to].
- Supplemented- wawehdahoh (waw-wenh-daw-donh); [Lit.extending on to].

Support beams - ganesjo:do 1 (gaw-nays-joh-donh!); [Lit. standing boards].
- Support (from underneath) - gage 1sa 1 (gaw-genh!-saah!); [Lit. its supported from
-- under].
Support (object) - yege 1sahgwa1 (yay-genh!-sah-gwah!); [Lit. used as support].
- Supports our feet - ogwadesi1dage 1sahgoh (onh-gwah-denh-seeh!-daw-genh!-sah:..
...... gonh); [Lit. our feet are supported] by Mother earth as we walk about this earth.
Sure- nyoh (nyoh); [Lit. okay].
- Sure seemed like! - ne 1waeh-aye: 1 ! (nayh!-waw-enh--ah-yenh!). {C-P}
- Surely- se 1eh-nege 1 (senh!-enh-nenh-genh!). { C-P}
Surfaced- 0 1 wado 1 gak (oh!-waw-doh!-gak); [Lit. it floated].
.-...
Surgeon- haya1daihta 1 (haw-yah!-dah-eeh-tawh!); [Lit. he cuts up bodies].
Surgery- gaya 1dae:neh (gaw-yawh!-daw-eyh-nenh); [Lit. cutting the body].
- Surround- dewontwada:se 1 (denh-won-twah-daw-sayh!); [Lit. it will go around].

Survey (information)- gaiwe:goh (guy-wayg-gonh); [Lit. information gathered].
Surveyed (land)- gaisdi1syo:h (guys-deeh!-shonh); [Lit. boundaries marked].

ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:N6·
300 ..
...
'-,.
Surveyor- haisdi•syos (haw-ees-deeh!-shonhs); [Lit. he marks boundaries]. \.,,
Suspenders - adoda:1 (aw-doh-daah!); [Lit. it goes over]. \..'

~
Sustenance (our) - johehgoh (ionh-hayh-gonh); [Lit. the 3 sisters; corn, beans, and
~
squash].
'-'
Swallow (bird)- ji 1de:1ogwe 1 (ieeh!-denh!-onh-gwayh!). ~
Swallow (gulp) - hehso:nen (henh-sonh-nen); [Lit. you will swallow]. '--
Swallowing (I am) - hegonenta• (hay-goh-nen-tawh!). -...
Swamp - gaehda• (gaw-enh-dawh!). '-
\_,
Swamp (in) - gaehda:go:h (gaw-enh-daw-gonh).
Swan- gasoyowa:neh (gaw-sow-yoh-waw-nenh); [Lit. big duck]. '--
It.,;
Swan (whistling) - owae•e (oh-waw-enh!-ay). '-,.
Swan dance - dwae•oeno' (dwa-enh!-oh-enh-nonh!). ....
Sweat- o•daie:sha• (oh!-daw-enh-shah!); [Lit. comes from heat]. 1w,
Sweating (I am) - dewage•do:kwa:1 (day-waw-geh!-donh-kwawh!). t_.
\a,,
Sweating (he is) - deo•do:kwa:1 (day-oh!-donh-kwah!).
~
· Sweet - owanoe• (oh-wah-noh-eyh!).
I.
Sweet flag - aweo•da• (ah-weh-oh!-dawh!).
Sweet citrus fruit - oyawa:noe:1 (oh-gwah-wah-noy-eyh!).
Sweetened - ga:nohga:h (gah-noh-gawh); [Lit. sugar on it].
Swelling (on a plant) - onohgwe•da• (oh-nonh-gwenh!-dawh!).
-
\a.,
'-'
'-,.
Swells (from infection, injury)- wahde1gwas (wah-denh!-gwas). '-'

~
Swill- ohkwa:gi• (oh-kwah-geeh!); [Lit. food soup], usually fed to hogs.
\.,;.
Swim (you) - sada:weh (sah-daw-wenh). This term also refers to 'batheing'
~
Because long age our people bathed as well as swim in swimming holes. ~
Swimming (they are) - henodaweh (hen-nonh-daw-wenh).
Swing- gao:yo:n (gaw-onh-yohn).
Swinging- goto:yo:n (goh-tonh-yohn); [Lit. she's on a, swing].
Swipe - dase•se:h (dawh-sayh!-sayh); [Lit. you drag it through].
Swiped - tga•syo:h (tgawh!-shonh); [Lit. it has been dragged through].

......
Swiping - tge'syohs (tgayh!-shonhs); [Lit. I am dragging it through].

Swollen (from infection)- ohde 1gweh (oh-denh!-gwenh).
Swollen (from moisture)- deyohdahge:o:' (day-hoh-daw-genh-onh!).
Sycamore tree - ge:ne:s (genh-nenh!s).
Syracuse, NY- Ga11ogdiyo1geh (gaw-nong-dee-yoh!-gayh); [Lit.at the good place].
Syrup - oshesda 1 (ohs-hays-dawh!).
T
T, t - is the 12th letter of the Seneca alphabet
Tt - 8th consonant in the Seneca Alphabet, prounced as t, as in tea, tee
-
........
Table -yondekwa:gwa' (yonh-day-kwah-gwah!); [Lit. place for setting food].
Table cloth - yondekwa:gwa' ye•howe:gta 1 (yonh-day-kwah-gwah!--yay-how-
- wayg-tawh!); [Lit. table--cover].

- Tabled- gaiwaisdoh (guy-waw-ees-donh); [Lit. issue set aside].
-- Table spoon- wadagwa•syowa:neh (waw-daw-gwah!-showh-waw-nenh).
Taboo (avoid)- hadahjawe:ta 1 (haw-daw-joh-way-tawh!); [Lit. he avoids taboo].
- Taboo- wahjawe: 1 (wah-jaw-wayh!).
Taboos (they had)- honohjawe:g (hoh-nonh-jawh-wayg).
-- Taboo (no longer) - de1sgai:wahjawe:e• (dayh!-guy-wah-jaw-wayh!).

Tadodaho (taw-doh-daw-hoh!). Once his mind and body were set straight, the
Peacemaker named him Tadodaho', then Jigohsase:' set the symbolic deer
- antlers of office on Tadodaho's head. He became the Head Fire Keeper, His
Onondaga Nation the Cen.tral Fire of the Hodinosohni' League.
Tadpole- osogwahde:s (oh-soh-gwah-days).
Tag (child's game)- honotsi1nya:doh (hoh!-nonh-cheeh!-nyah-donh).
Tag (label) - ohni:yo:n (oh-nee-yohn); [Lit. its has 'something' hanging].
Tag-along (I will)- egadeshe: 1 (enh-gaw-denhs-hayh!).
Tail - gehga: 1 (genh-gawh!).
Tail bone (Anat.) - gehga:•geh (genh-gah!-gayh).
Tail end (on birds) - 01 yohgwa' (oh!-yoh-gwawh!).
-
--,
Tailor- ha'nihko: 1 (hawh!-neeh-konh!); [Lit. he sews].

Take (you)- ho'sha:h (hoh!-shawh).
Take care of eachother - desnyadadasdi:s (day-snyah-dah-das-dees).
Take down (you)- sa'sen (sawh!-sehn).
Take a break - saduishe:h da1jeah (saw-doh-eehs-henh--dawh!-jay-ah).
Take it around - ho'sahtwada:she (hoh!-saw-twah-daw-sayh).
Take it back off - sasha:goh (saws-hah-goh).
Take it up - ho 1sahwe:n (hoh!-saw-wenh-ehn).
Taken (I have- it)- hewa:ka:h (hay-wah-kawh).
Taken off (I have-)- a:ka:gweh (ah-kah-gwenh).
Taken out- ga:gweh (gah-gwenh); [Lit. apportioning].
Taking the kettle Out- Gano'jitgeo• (gaw-nonh!-jeeh-tgenh-onh!). { devil's ritual}
Takes (he- it)- he:as (haw-ahs).
Tale- gaga:' (gah-gah!).
Talented (you are -)- saya'daiwa' (saw-yawh!-daw-eeh-wawh!).
Tale teller - ha:ga:donyoh (haw-gah-donh-nyonh).
Talking- dega:ta: 1 (day-gaw-tawh!).
Talked back - dejohsnye,oh (day-joh-snyayh!-onh).
Tall (growth)- o:he:s (oh-hays).
Tall (height)- ganeye:s (gaw-nenh-yays).
Tall plants- odihe:sohs (oh-deeh-hay-sonhs).
Tall trees- gaide:sohs (gah-eeh-day-sonhs).
Tall weeds- 0 eohde:s (oh!-aye-oh-days.
1
Tally stick- ganeshatiyotahgwa' (gaw-nays-hah-dee-yoh-taw-gwah!); [Lit. to

remind times of 6 nations meetings].
Tamale - ganyahji'da• (gaw-nyah-jeeh!-dawh!).
Tame- gashe:ne1 (gaws-hay-nenh!); [Lit. in captivity].
Tan (sun)- odehgwai:goh (oh-denh-gwa-eeh-gonh); [Lit. became sun tanned].
Tangled- deyotge•i:h (day-yoad-geh-eeh); [Lit. its snarled].

Tangled (became)- ho 1dwatge 1i: 1 (hoh!-dwah-tgayh!-eeh!); [Lit. snarled].

Tanning- odehgwai:s (oh-denh-gwa-ees); [Lit. it gets dark by the sun].
Tapping- hadiano:ta1 (hah-dee-ah-no-tawh!); [Lit.they're tapping for sap].
- Tapping (tree) - henohge:ota 1 (hen-noh-geh-oh-tawh!); [Lit. they are tapping].

Tape recorder- degaihwahgwa1 (day-guy-wawh-gwah!); [Lit.it picks up words].
- Tardy- oya 1da:goh (oh-yawh!-dah-gonh); [Lit. its late].

-- Tarp tent - ganigeo:syo:d (gaw-nee-genh-onh-showd).
Tartness - ojiwagehsha:d (oh-jee-wah-genhs-had); [Lit. taste of tartness].
Tassle (com) - oji 1jo:d (oh-jeeh!-joad).
- Taste (you)- sekdo:h (sayk-donh).
- Tasted - gakdo 1 (gawk-donh!).
- Tasted again - sawagehso:wi 1 (saw-waw-gayh-sonh-weeh!); [Lit. I was able to

taste again]. This term is meant as in thanksgiving to have servived to have been
-- able to taste this food item again.
Tasted (I have -)- agega 10:shakdo 1 (ah-gay-gawh!-onh-shak-donh); [Lit. I have
--- tasted for flavor].

Tasty (is)- oga 1oh (oh-gawh!-onh).
- Tasty (looks)- oga1ohsyooh (oh-gawh!-onh-shonh).

Tattled (he-)- ho 1tadiwaye:dong (hoh!-taw-dee-waw-yenh-dong); [Lit. he told].
Tattles (it) - dewadiwayendohgwa1 (day-waw-dee-waw-yenh-donh-gwah!); [Lit. it
tells on others].
Tattle tail (she is) - deyodiwaye:dohgwa1 (day-yonh-dee-waw-yenh-donh-gwah!).
Tavern- t 1gawe 1ga:niyo:n (tgaw-wenh!-gah-nee-yohn); [Lit. a board hanging
-
- there].
- Taylor Hollow (Catt. Terr.)- Wade 1danya 1s (waw-dayh!-daw-nyah!-s); [Lit.cliffs].

Teach (you will) - esajesde 1 (enh-saw-jenhs-denh!).
Teacher- hajonyanih (haw-jonh-nyah-neeh); [Lit. he teaches].
- Teacher- yonjonyanih (yohn-john-nyah-neeh); [Lit. she teaches].
- Tea kettle -yenegaiya 1 dahgwa 1 (yay-nay-guy-yawh!-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. it is used

ONONDOWA·GA:' GAWE:NO• Ii.,.
I_,
for heating water]. ~
Team - deadiyenowo 1 ko 1 (day-ah-dee-yay-nonh-wonh!-konh!); [Lit. they hold

\a,,
together as a unit]. '-

Teamwork - degayenowo 1ko 1 (day-gaw-yenh-noh-wonh!-konh!); [Lit. holding
'-'
~
together as a work unit].
'-'
Tear (drop)- osda:a 1 (ohs-daah!). '-
Tear (rip) - de:ga 1 nega: 1 (denh-gah!-nay-gawh!); [Lit. it will tear it]. '-
Tear down - ewo 1 sen (enh-wonh!-sehn); [Lit. it will tear it down].
._
Tearful - deyogahseo• (day-yoh-gawh-senh-onh!); [Lit. tears in its eyes]. '-
~
Tearing- ogahsa: 1 (oh-gawh-sah!).
"-'
Teasing - oaya•dahgoh (oh-ah-yawh!-dah-gonh); [Lit. its teasing it]. Ii.
Teasel - onohoni•da• (oh-nonh-hoh-nneeh!-dawh!).
'-'
Teaspoon - newadogwa•sha•a:a (nay-waw-doh-gwah!-shah!-aah); [Lit. small ....
spoon]. '-
Teaspoonful- wadogwa•tsi:h (waw-doh-gwah!-cheeh). '-
~
Teat- onohi 1da 1 (oh-nonh-heeh!-dawh!); [Lit. a nipple].
Tedious - ono•se:sde:• (oh-nonh!-says-dayh!); [Lit. it make one lazy].
'--
\a,
Teeth (Anat.) - ono 1ja 1 (oh-noh!-jawh!). \e.
Teeth (aching) - ono•ja:nowo:s (oh-noh!-jah-nonh-wonhs); [Lit. its teeth hurt]. Ii.,;
Teeth (all pulled) - ga:no•josga:h (gaw-noh!-johs-gawh). ~
~
Teeth (bad) - gano•jaetge:sho•oh (gaw-noh!-jaw-eyd-genh-shonh!-onh).
Teeth (cavities) - ono 1gaendo 1 (oh-noh!-gaw-enh-donh!); [Lit. it has holes] '-
Teeth (chattering)-: deyohno•ja:e:h (day-yoh-noh!-jaw-eyh); [Lit. its teeth are
'-
~
hitting together].
'-'
Teeth (filled) - gano:hehda:no 1 (gaw-nonh-hayh-daw-nonh!).
Teeth (refilled) - sgano:hehda:no• (sgaw-nonh-hayh-daw-nonh!).
--
Teeth (good) - gano 1ji:yo 1s (gaw-nonh!-jeeh-yoh!-s).
Teeth (losing 'baby') - wahno 1jenta 1 (wawh-nonh!-jehn-tawh!).
Teeth (molars) - ono 1jo:wanehs (oh-noh!-joh-waw-nenhs).

305
- Teeth (without) - de 1sgano 1jo:do 1 (dayh!-sgah-nonh!-joad).

Teeth (white) - gano 1j a:ge:do 1 s (gaw-noh!-jaw-gehn-donh!-s).
Teething- wahnO'jo:nih (wah-noh!-jonh-neeh).
Teething (breaking through) - wahno 1ja:ista 1 (wah-noh!-jaw-ees-tawh!).
Telephone - deyetahgwa 1 (dat-yay-tah-gwah!); [Lit. used to talk on].
Telescope- degagai:s (day-gaw-gaw-ees); [Lit. it sees far].
Television - gaya 1daha 1 (gaw-yawh!-dah-hawh!); [Lit. it makes pictures].
Tell (me)- daskyo:wih (daws-kyoh-weeh).
Tell (you)- satso:wih (saw-choh-weeh).
Teller- hawisdashe:das (haw-wees-daws-hay-daws); [Lit. he counts money]
Telling- watsonya:noh (wah-choh-nyaw-nonh); [Lit. it is telling].
Temperament - neyoho 1de:h (nee-yonh-hoh!-denh); [Lit. the way it it acts].
Tempermental (persons) - te:noho 1de:h (tenh-nonh-hoh!-denh); [Lit. they act in
- their own way].

-- Tempo beater - oyehdoh (oh-yenh-donh); [Lit. its hitting].
Temporary (time) - da 1ju:shoh (dawh-juh-shonh).
Temporary (placement)- wadahgwa:ye 1 (waw-dah-gwah-yenh!)
...... Temptation (for bad) - oiwane 1akde:1 (oh-eeh-waw-nayh!-awk-dayh!); [Lit. may

cause one to take the wrong way].
Tempting- odasga:no 1doh (og-daws-gaw-nonh!-donh); [Lit. showing off].
Tempting- osga:not (ohs-gaw-nonh!-t); [Lit. makes one wish for..].
Ten (10)- washe:h (wah-shenh).
Ten day feast - aja:ko:sha 1 (ah-jah-konh-shah!).
Ten hundred (1000) - washeh-newe 1nya 1e (was-henh-nay-wenh!-nyah!-ayh); [Lit.
Ten thousand (10,000) - washeh-negaosha:gay (was-henh-n:ay-gaw-onh-shlih
gay); [Lit. 10 cases, each holding a thousand items].
Ten commandments- washeh niyoiwage:h (was-henh-nee-yoh-eeh-wah-gay).
[Lit. 10 messeges].
-
-
ONONDOWA1 GA:' GAWE:NO' '-"
_,,
Ten days hence - washeh niyoda: 1 niyo:we 1 (was-henh--nee-yoh-dawh!--nee-yoh ._,
wayh!) '-'
Tend (will go to -)- egadeniVii:no 1 (enh-gaw-denh-noh!-onh-noh!); [Lit. I am
...
~
going to tend], stay with, as in baby sitting.
~
Tendency- negayeno 1deh (nay-gaw-yenh-noh!-denh); [Lit. it has a way of being]
'-'
Tending (I am)- gade:noh (gaw-denh-nonh). ~
Tendon (anat.) - dega 1neyaye:no:s (day-gawh!-nay-yah-yay-nonhs); [Lit. it holds ......

the bones]. ~
Tenement houses - henota 1dohgwa 1 ganohsodo 1 (henh-nonh-tawh!-donh-gwah!-- '-'

gaw-nonh-soh-donh!); [Lit. they borrow (rent) housing)]
...
~
Tens (by) - washenhsho (was-henh-shonh!).
1
Ir..,.
Tent- ganigeohsyo:d (gaw-nee-geh-onh-shoud). Ii.,,
Tenth (10th)- washe:h wado: 1ta 1 (was-henh-waw-donh!-tawh!). ~
Term - neyonishet (nenh-yoh-nees-hayt). '-'

Terminate- ewodokde 1 (enh-wonh-dok-denh!); [Lit. it will be the end]. \.,
Terminated - waenonde:jo:ya: 1 (waw-enh-nohn-denh-joh-yayh!); [Lit. they took '-'

.._
all the land] The identity of the nations of the Hodinohso:ni' is culturally one
with the land, therefore the loss of land is the loss of the indigenous status as a
'-'
~
people.
"--
Termination -e:yokiye:joya: 1 (enh-yonh-kee-yenh-joh-yayhl); [Lit.they will take '-
all of our land]. The Traditional leaders centuries ago recognized the different
.._
philosophy toward land ownership in the minds of the immigrants, and
ultimately fought a losing battle in their effort to maintain the philosophy of
'Mother earth'.
Territory- neyoehja 1 (nayh-yoh-enh-jawh!); [Lit. the land].
Territory (large)- yoehjasde: 1 (yonh-enh-jaws-denh!); [Lit. huge land areas].
Territory (ceded)- wade:joya:tga 10:h (wah-denh-joh-yay-tgah!-onh!); [Lit. land
given up], lands which is 'treatied' for promised peace.
Territory (reservation) - wadoejiya 1ko 1 (waw-donh-enh-jee-yawh!-honh!); [Lit.cut -
-
up portions of land]. Turtle Island's east side was the first to feel the sting of
Manifest Destiny; the immigrants' goal then was to control. The westward
- movement, to reach this goal by whatever means, is chronicled in centuries of
...... shameful history where the oppressed became the oppressors in the "new" land.
The inhabitants on Turtle Island, depopulated by disease and warfare are now
living on small stretches of land called 'reservations'. In reality, they are still
territories, populated by original indigenous peoples.
Terrify - wahjohgwanih (wawh-joh-gwah-neeh); [Lit. scares it].
Tested - wadeno•geahdoh (waw-denh-nonh!-gay-ah-donh); [Lit. tried].
Testify - gaiwagwaisdoh (guy-waw-gwah-ees-donh); [Lit. truth is told].
Testimony - gaiwagwaisos (guy-waw-gwah�eeh-sonhs); [Lit. tells truth].
Than (comparison) - ... ni-yo•deh (nee-yoh!-denh). {C-P}
Thanks - nyaweh (nyaw-wenh).
Thank (you) - nyaweh (nyah-wenh); [Lit. thanks to you].
Thanksgiving address- Ganonyok (Gaw-nonh-yonk).Cultural Tip: the Ganenyok
is recited at the beginning and closing of all ceremonial and other important
events, to bring all minds together as one and give thanks for all life on earth
and the universe for dutifully following the Creator's original instructions.
Thanksgiving dance- Osdowa•gowa:h (ohs-doh-wah!-goh-wawh); [Lit. the Great
Feather dance], Oral Tradition: it is said to be the Creator's dance. The 1st 3
songs are sung in the Creator's honor, without any dancers.
- That - higeh (hee-genh).

That also ...-...ne•-ha 1 gwah (nayh!-hah!-gwah). {C-P}
That is it!- da:ne:• ! (daw-nayh!).
- That it seemed ... -...da:ne:•-gyo•oh (daw-nayh!-gyonh!-onh).

That is why ...-...ne•-hegowah (nayh!-hay-goh-wawh).
[C-P}
{ C-P}
Thaw (you- out)- snesdano:weh (snays-daw-nonh-wenh); [Lit. thaw it].
-- Thawed- o:nesdano:we:h (oh-nays-daw-nonh-wenh).
Thawing- onesdano:weo:je• (oh-nays-daw-nonh-wenh-onh-jayh!)
-
a e
- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; as in at; as in end; i:i as in on
The - neh (nayh).

The way it was ... - ne•-ne-yo 1de:no 1 (nayh!-rtay-yoh!-denh-nonh!).
Theater - gaya1 daha1 (gaw-yawh!-daw-hawh!); [Lit. it shows pictures].
Theft - ganosgwe 1 (gaw-nonhs-gwenh!); [Lit. thievery].
Theirs- honoweh (hoh-nonh-wenh). Possessive Pronoun: Plural/Males & Females
Theirs- ono:weh (oh-nonh-wenh). Possessive Pronoun: Plural/Females
Theirs - onoweh (oh-nonh-wenh). Possessive Pronoun: Dual/Females
Theirs - honoweh (ho-noh-wenh); Possessive Pronoun: Dual/Males
Them, they- honoho 1 (ho-noh-honh!). Objective Pronoun: Plural/Males&Females
Them, they- onoho 1 (oh-noh-honh!). Objective Pronoun: Plural/Females
Them, they- onoho 1 (oh-noh-honh!). Objective Pronoun: Dual/Females
Them, they- honoho 1 (ho-noh-honh!). Objective Pronoun: Dual/Males
Then- daneh (daw-nenh).
Then usually- daneh-ge:s (daw-nayh!-genhs). { C-P}
There (at) - howeh (honh-wayh).
There about- ho 1geohje 1 (hoh!-genh-onh-jayh!).
There after - oahdo1geh (oh-ah-donh!-gayh).
Thereby - ne 1hoh (nayh!-hoh).
Therefore (so)-dah-nah-koh ...(daw-n'h-koh ...) {C-P}
There upon... - dah-ne•hoh (dawh-nayh!-hoh ... ). {C-P}
Thick- ga:de:s (gaw-danhs).
Thicket- osga:wa1 (ohs-gaw-wawh!).
Thickening (sauce)- deyonowi:ya:h (day-yoh-nonh-wee-yawh).
Thickness- negade:s (nay-gaw-denhs).
Thief (he is) - hanosgwaoh (haw-nonhs-gaw-onh); [Lit. he steals].
Thievery - ganosgwe 1 (gaw-nonhs-gwenh!).
Thieves - hadinosgwaoh (haw-dih-nonhs-gwah-onh); [Lit. they steal].
Thigh (Anat.) - gayahda1 (gaw-yah-dawh!].
Thimble- ye 1nyoahgwa 1 (yayh!-nyoh-ah-gwah!); [Lit. she puts it on a finger].

Thimbleberry - ono:sha• (oh-nonh-shah!).

Thin (body weight)- o•neyate:h (oh!-nay-yaw-tenh); [Lit. it has dry bones].
Thin (thickness) - negadageoh (nay-gaw-daw-genh-onh).
---
...... Thinned (liquid)- sgane:go:oh (sgaw-nay-goh-onh).
....... Thing- ha 1gwisde 1 (hawh!-gwees-denh!); [Lit. something].
Think (I)- i:wi:h (eeh-weeh).
Thinking (I am )- genohdonyoh (genh-nonh-donh-nyonh).
Thinking (she is -) - yenohdonyoh (yenh-nonh-donh-nyonh).
Thinks (he)- i:ye:h (eeh-yayh).
Third (3rd)- seh-wado: 1ta 1 (senh-waw-donh!-tawh!).
Thirsty (I am -) - ka•da:tehs (kawh!-daw-tenhs).
- Thirsty (it is)- ga:•da:tehs (gaw-ah!-daw-tenhs).

-- Thirteen 13)- seh-sgae• (senh-sgaw-eh!); [Lit. base 10 + 3 more on top].
-- Thirteenth (13th)- seh-sgae• wado: 1ta 1 (senh-sgaw-eh!-waw-donh!-tawh!).
- Thirteenth moon- hogwa:h nyadaje•s (hoh-gwah-nyaw-daw-jayh!-s) [Lit. he's
standing on the side].
Thirty (30)- seh-newasheh (senh-nay-was-henh); [Lit. base 10 x 3].
This - ne:geh (nenh-genh).
Thistle- ononi 1 da1 (oh-nonh-neeh!-dawh!).
This is it - ne•negeh ( nayh-nenh-genh). { C-P}
This time...-...ne:wa• (nay-wawh!). {C-P}
Thom-oikda• (oh-eek-dawh!).
Those ... - ...hi:geh (hee-genh).
Thought (better-of-it) - 0 1we 1nigoe 1ne:g (oh!-wenh!-nee-gonh-enh!-nayg); [Lit. it
drew its mind back].
Thought (on 2nd) - dondawi: 1 (donh-daw-weeh!); [Lit. I thought better of it].
Thoughtful - dega:ya•dowehdoh (day-gaw-yawh!-doh-wayh-donh); [Lit. thought
- was given to it].
Thoughtless - da 1gwisde 1 wenohdo• (dawh!-gwees-denh!--wenh-nonh-donh!);
,-

[Lit. no thought was given to it].

Thousand - no1dewe 1nya1eshashe1 (nonh!-day-wenh-nyah!-ays-shah-sayh!); [ by
the 1Os of hundreds].
Thousand - sgaosha:d (sgaw-onhs-had); [Lit. one box].
Thrash- ho 1gatgwa 1e:g (hoh!-gaw-tgwah!-ayg); [Lit. it beat with a stick].
Thread - gahsi:ya' (gawh-see-yah!).
Threat (I'll- you) - degojid (denh-gonh-jeed).
Three (3) - seh (senh).
Threes (by) - sehsho 1 (senh-shonh!). -
Three days from now - seh neyo:da: 1 niyowe 1 (senh-nee-yoh-dawh!-nee-yoh
wayh!).
Three hundred (300) - seh newe1nya 1e (senh-nay-wenh!-nyah!-ayh); [Lit. 3 strikes
of the finger]
Three rods, paces - seh niyoa 1a:ge:h (senh--nee-yoh-ah!-ah-gay); [Lit. 49.5'].
Three thousand (3000) - seh negao:shageh (senh-nay-gaw-onh-shah-gayh);
[Lit. 3 boxes, each containing a 1000 items].
Three Sisters - Johehgoh (jonh-hayh-gonh); [Lit. our sustenance]. The life-giving
crops (Com, Beans, and Squash) sustain us, along with potatoes and tobacco
which are the first sacred plants we were given originally.
Three yards - senh niyo•eno:ge:h (senh--nee-yoh!-enh-nonh-gay); [Lit. 3 poles].
Third - seh wado 1ta 1 (senh-wah-donh!-tawh!).
Thirteen- sehsgae' (senh-sgaw-ayh!); [Lit. 3 on top of base 10].
Thirty- seh-niwasheh (senh-nee-waws-henh); [Lit. no. of 10s is 3].
Thriving (plants)- odo:nia:je 1 (oh-donh-nee-ah-jayh!); [Lit. it growing well).
Throat (Anat.) - oa 1da 1 (oh-ah!-dawh!).
Throbbing - deyohgwa' (day-yoh-gwah!); [Lit. it pulses].
-
Throw (to me)- dehsa:dih (day-saw-deeh).
Throw (you)- hesa:dih (hayh-saw-deeh); [Lit. you throw there].
Thrower (pitcher) - to:je 1s (toh-jayh!-s).

- Thrown (away from)- hewa:jo:h (hay-wah-jonh); [Lit. it was thrown there].
Thrown(toward) - dwajo:h (dwah-jonh); [Lit. it was thrown this way].
Throw up - onya 1gwa 1 (oh-nyah!-gwah!); [Lit. stomach contents].
Throwing up (its) - onya 1gwaoh (oh-nyah!-gwah-onh).
Thud - wo 1otgaeh (woh!-ot-gawh-ayh); [Lit. there was a noise].
Thumb (Anat.) - oyohga:• (oh-yonh-gah!).
- Thumbing (he is - for a ride) - dea:johgeota• (day-ah-jonh-gay-oh-tawh!); [Lit. he
is putting his thumb up]. Back in the days when cars had running boards and
........
hitch hiking was legal, it was common to catch a ride by thumbing.
Thumbs-up-dance- deyojohgeota• (day-yonh-jonh-gay-oh-tawh!); [Lit. thumbs
up]. { restricted to society members}.
Thunder (approaching) - dagawenodaje• (daw-gaw-wenh-noh-daw-jayh!).
Thunder ceremony - do:wodinonyoh hadiwenodaje 1s (donh-wonh-dee-nonh
- nyonh--haw-dee-wenh-noh-daw-jayh!-s). This ceremony is observed in honor
of water life.
- Thunder clap- ho•gawenodat (hoh!-gaw-wenh-noh-dawt).
Thundering- gawenoda:je 1 s (gaw-wenh-noh-daw-jayh!-s).
Thunderers- Hi 1no1 (heeh!-nonh!).
Thursday - geih wenishade1 (gay-eeh--wenh-nees-hah-dayh!); [Lit. day four].
--. Thursday - Eyohetgeh (eh-yoh-hent-gayh); [Lit. morning after Wednesday].
- Tick- osehda• (oh-sayh-dawh!).
Tickled - ho 1 tga 1neyosgwat (hoh!-tgawh!-nay-yohs-gwat); [Lit. it tickled it].
- Tidy- wahgwi 1ho 1 (wawh-gweeh!-honh!); [Lit. things are picked up].
- Tidy up (you) - swahgwi•ho:h (swah-gweeh!-honh); [Lit. everyone pick up].

Tie (score) - tsa 1ja:weh (chawh!-jawh-wenh); [Lit. became even].
Tie (you tie) - swaha:h (swah-hawh).
Tied (secured) - gawa:heh (gaw-wawh-henh).
- Tied (tethered)- gashao:n (gaws-haw-ohn).
Tight- deyodowa:goh (day-yoh-doh-wah-gonh).

Tight curly hair- deyotehtsi'i:h (day-yoh-tenh-cheeh!-eeh).

Tighten up - sniya:to:h (snee-yah-tonh). Iron worker term.
Tilled - watehdo:ni:h (waw-tayh-donh-neeh); [Lit. soil has
• been worked].
Tilted - gagaihde• (gaw-gaw-eeh-dayh!); [Lit. lop-sided].
Tilted (became) - o'gagaihdeh (oh!-gaw-gaw-eeh-denh); [Lit. became lop-sided].
Timber (stand of -)- gahado:d (gawh!-hawh-doad); [Lit. timber forest].
Time (allowed)-neyo:wo:n (nay-yonh-wohn); [Lit. appointed time].
Time (of)- tsiyawe,oh (cheeh-yaw-wenh!-onh); [Lit. when it happened].
Time (same)- sha,ja:weh (shawh!-jaw-wenh); [Lit. at the same time].
Time (to)- heyoeh (hay-yoh-ayh); [Lit. it is time to..].
Tim Horton- onegaji:h dwatgeo' (oh-nay-gaw-jeeh--dwa-tgay-onh!); [Lit. the
place where coffee is sold].
Time (it is -)- ho•gae:• (hoh!-gaw-ayh!); [Lit. now is the time to..].
Time (this) - ne:wa' (nay-wawh!); [Lit. do this time, instead of..].
Time (nearing) - to:hah (toh-hawh); [Lit. nearing to the time of..].
-
Timekeeper - gaisda•es hasdi:sta• (guys-dah!-ays--haws-dees-tawh!).
Time limit - shoh-niyonogdo:d (shonh-nee-yoh-nong-doad); [Lit. up to that time].
Timely - sha'dwad (shawh!-dwawd).
Timid - awenda:geoh (ah-wen-dah-genh-onh); [Lit. it is shy].
Tin- gaisdatgos (gaw-ees-daw-tgohs); [Lit. raw metal].
Tin rattle- gaisda' asdowe'sha' (gaw-ees-dawh!--ahs-donh-wenh!-shah!).
Tip- hewage:ya:d (hay-waw-genh-yawd); [Lit. at the top of].
Tip (of branch)- ogwi:ya' (oh-gweeh-yah!).
Tip (leaves fall from -)- gagwi:ye's (gaw-gweeh-yenh!-s).
Tipped (over) - otgahatweh (oh-tgaw-haw-twenh); [Lit. its turned over].
Tips (over) - watgahatwas (waw-tgaw-haw-twas); [Lit. it turns over].
Tire - e'nisga' dewe:sowes (enh!-nees-gah!--day-wenh-soh-ways); [Lit. the wheel
wears shoes].
Tired - otsehdoh (oh-chenh-donh); [Lit. it is tired].

- ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO·
- Tiresome- otsehde:' (oh-chenh-dayh!); [Lit. it makes one tired of it].
Tiring (I am) - gatsenta 1 (gaw-chenh-tawh!); [Lit. lam getting tired]._
To and fro (going)- deyotaonya:no' (day-yoh-taw-onh-nyaw-nonh!); [Lit. making
-- tracks every which way].
- To become- ewo:do 1 (enh-wonh-donh!).

Toad- jino 1 sgwaes (jee-nonh!-sgwah-ees).
Toad rush- ogeo 1ja 1 ge:0 1 (oh-gay-oh!-jaw-gay-onh!); [Lit. tough grass] {plant is
common along paths, etc, springs back up when stepped on; trainers of runners
and lacrosse players were given a decoction of the plant as an emetic 4 mornings
......
prior to competition event.
- Toadstool.:... adeono:sha' (ah-denh-onh-nos-hah!); [Lit. for shade].
Tobacco - oye1 gwa 1 (oh-yenh!-gwah!).
Tobacco burning (he)- ha:ye 1 gontwas (haw-yenh!-gohn-twas).
Tobacco (burned in Ceremony) - gaye 1gwahsonyehdoh (gaw-yenh!-gwah-sonh
nyeh-donh); [Lit. smoke is being sent].
- Tobacco pouch - yeye1 gwadahgwa1 (yay-yenh!-gwah-daw-gwah!); [Lit. it is used
for storing the tobacco].
Tobacco (wild)- oye 1gwa 10:weh (oh-yenh!-gwah!-onh-wayh); [Lit. real tobacco].
One of the original plants on Turtle Island.
Toboggan - gaeyo 1ja 1 (gaw-aye-yoh!-jawh!).
Today- negeh-newa 1 (nenh-genh--nay-wawh!); [Lit. right now, today].
Toddler- waeh i:ye 1 s (waw-aye--eeh-yayh!-s); [Lit. just now walking].
Tododa:ho' (toh-doh-daw-hoh!); [Lit. tangled hair]. Cultural Tip: one of the 49
chieftain names given by the PeaceMaker at the time of the establishment of the
Great Law in the early 12th century.
Toe (Anat.)- oyagwi:ya 1 (oh-gweeh-yah!).
- Toe nail (Anat.) - 0 1 ehda 1 (oh!-ayh-dawh!).

-- Toilet paper - yontetgewehdahgwa' (yonh-tay-tgenh-wenh-dawh-gwah!); [Lit.
used for wiping the anal area].
.....

Toilet - asdeh heyehdahgwa1 (ahs-dayh--hay-yenh-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. they go

out side]. This is in reference to a time when out-houses were common.
Told (he -) - wa:tsowi 1 (waw-choh-weeh!).
Told (on him)-ho 1 towodi:waye:dog (hoh!-tonh-wonh-dee-waw-yenh-dong); [Lit.
-
they told on him].
"Told you so..." - gowa:h-koh (goh-waw-koh).
Tomahawk - ga1 sgwi 1sa 1 (gawh!-sgweeh-sawh!).
Tomato - wayakao 1 (waw-yah-kaw-onh!); [Lit. fruit in sections].
Tombs - howodisadohgwa 1 (honh-wonh-dee-saw-donh-gwah!); [Lit. they bury
them there].
Tomorrow - eyo:hent (enh-yoh-henh!-t); [Lit. when its next morning].
Ton (1)- degaosha:ge:h neyo:sde 1 (day-gaw-onh-shah-gay-nay-yos-dayh!);
[Lit. it weighs 2 boxes] { 1 box =1000 x 2 =2000 lbs. (1 ton).
Tonawanda Terr.- Tga:nowo:nde 1 (taw-nonh-wonh-dayh!); [Lit. swift water].
-
The Tonawanda Senecas still uphold the traditional form of government under
the Great Law, and Keepers of the Central Fire.
Tongue (Anat.) - oa 1nohsa1 (oh-ah!-nonh-sawh!).
Tongue (on my)- aga 1nohsa1geh (ah-gah!-nonh-sawh!-gayh).
Tongue (on your) - sa nohsa 1geh (sah!-nonh-sawh-gayh).
1
Tonic - gatgwehjiyosdahgwa1 (gaw-tgwenh-jee-yos-dah-gwah!); [Lit.blood

purifier].
Tonight- eyo 1ga:h (enh-yoh!-gah); [Lit. when its night].
Tonsil (Anat.)- Seneca unknown
Too - koh (koh).
Too ... (in excess) - ...s0 1jih (soh!-jeeh).
Too far- s0 1jih-we:eh (soh!-jeeh--way-enh); [Lit. its too far].
Too long- s0 1jih-i:yo:s (soh!-jeeh--eeh-yonhs); [Lit. its too long].
Too much (its)- s0 1jih-weso 1 (soh!-jeeh--way-soh!) { C-P}
Too short (its)- s0 1jih- niwaka:a (soh!-jeeh--nee-wawk-aah).

Took (I) - ho1ka: 1 (hoh!-kawh!); [Lit. I took it].

Took (out) - okdahgo1 (ohk-dawh-goh!); [Lit. I took it out].
-Tool - yojo'da:sta 1 (yonh-joh!-daws-tawh!); [Lit. its used for work].
Tooth - ono1ja 1 (oh-noh!-jawh!).
Tooth (baby's first) - ohno1jo:d (oh-noh!-joad).
- Tooth ache (it has) - ono1ja:no:wo:s (oh-noh!-jaw-nonh-wonhs).

Tooth ache (I have) - akno1ja:no:wos (ah-knoh!-jaw-nonh-wonhs).
Tooth ache (you have) -sano1ja:no:wohs (saw-noh!-jaw-nonh-wonhs).·
Tooth brush - yohno 1jowa 1dahgwa 1 (yonh-noh!-joh-wah!-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. its
used for washing the teeth].
Tooth cavity - ono1gaen (oh-noh!-gaw-ehn); [Lit. a tooth hole].
Tooth paste - yohno 1jowa 1dahgwa 1 (yonh-noh!-joh-wah!-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. its
used for washing the teeth].
Top - he 1 tge:neh (hayh!-tgenh-nayh); [Lit. at the top].
Top coat - deyode'nedahgwa 1 (day-yonh-denh!-nay-dah-gwah!); [Lit.to layer with]
Top of the stairs - hega 1 teshahge:ya:d (hay-gah!-tenhs-hah-gay-yawd).
- Torch - ga:sha 1 (gaw-shah!).
Tormenting (they are - him) - howonosgwa:ye 1 (honh-wonh-nonhs-gwah-yenh!).
Torn (ripped) - deyoda 1ne:geoh (day-yoh-dah!-nay-genh-onh).
Torn (down) - wa 1sehdoh (wawh!-senh-donh); [Lit. its been taken down].
Torn down house - ganohsehdoh (gaw-nonh-senh-donh).
Tornado - Hadu:ih (Haw-doo-weeh).
- Total - heyogwe:goh (hay-yoh-gway-gonh); [Lit. all of it].
Total eclipse - ho1gahgwahdo 1 (hoh-gah-gwah-donh!); [Lit. sun got lost].
Totally - heyoyi:sdoh (hay-yoh-yay-ees-donh); [Lit. to the very end].
Touch (you -)-dehsyeo:nyo:h (dayh-shonh-nyonh); [Lit. you touch it]
- Touch (with a finger) - e:se 1nyo1gat (enh-senh!-nyoh!-gawt).

Touching (it is -) - degayeo:nyoh (day-gah-yenh-onh-nyonh).
Touch-me-not - aweoni:yo:n [jewel weed].

ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:N6·
Tough (attitude) - gahsye•daji:noh (gawh-shenh!-daw-jee-nonh).

Toward - gao 1 (gaw-oh!); [Lit. closer].
Toward my way- I•-ge:-gwah (eeh!--gay-gwah). { C-P}
Toward (south) - joneno 1ge:gwah (joh-nay-noh!-gay-gwah); [Lit. to the warmth].
Toward the end - heyo:dok (hay-yoh-dok).
Towel (body) - yoja•dagoewata1 (yohn-jawh!-daw-goh-ayh-wah-tawh!); [Lit. its
used for wiping the body].
Towel (face) - yotgosagoewata1 (yohn-tgonh-saw-goh-ayh-wah-tawh!); [Lit. its
used for wiping the face].
Towhee - jo:wis (joh-wees).
Town - ganondaye1 (gaw-nohn-daw-yenh!); [Lit. a camp settlement there].
'- I
Toxic - otgo (oht-gonh!); [Lit. poisonous].

1
Toys - atga:nye•sha 1 ( ah-tgaw-nyeh!-shah!); [Lit. things to play with].

Toys R Us Store - atga:nye 1sha 1 watgeo 1 (ah-tgaw-nyayh!-shah!--waw-tgay-
onh!]; [Lit. they sell things to play with there].
Track (train rails) - gewedehda: 1 (genh-wenh-denh-dawh!); Lit. rails laid down].
Tracks ( prints) - gayano:de 1 (gaw-yaw-nohn-dayh!).
Tracks (I will follow your-)-egoyane:01 (enh-gonh-yaw-nenh-onh!).
Tracks (you follow its -) - sya:neoh (shaw-nenh-onh).
Tracking (it is -) - gaya:neo:wi 1 (gaw-yaw-neh-onh-weeh!).
Tract of land - neyoe:ja1 (nay-yoh-enh-jawh); [Lit. size of acreage].
Traded - dewadado 1 (day-waw-daw-donh!); [Lit. exchanged].
Traded (he) - ho 1 tadado 1 (hoh!-taw-daw-donh!); [Lit. he exchanged].
Tradition (oral) - daenondo:je1 (daw-enh-nonh-donh-jayh!) [Lit. they always said].
For hundreds of centuries, our ancestors recounted orally, the history, the stories
of origin, their world view, the connections with nature and all that which
surround life and well being, all spoken in the languages of the nations to the
following generations; of which we are inheritors still today.
Tradition (we follow) - hedwaiwaje:twas (hay-dwaw-eeh-wah-jenh-twas); [Lit.

- we go back and draw upon the words]. This refers to the oral tradition:
Tradition (our)- ne:dwayeno'de:h (nay-dwa-yenh-nonh!-denh); [Lit. its our way].
Tradition does not always mean what was taught us at the time of the creation,
It can be since the Great Law, or since the Kinzua Removal, or family reunions.
Traditional Belief- Gaiwiyo:h (gaw-eeh-wee-yoh); [Lit. the good word]. This
applies to the spiritual heritage of Ogwe·oweh culture.
- Traditionalists - hadi:nohsesgeo:no' (haw-dee-nonh-says-gay-oh-nonh!); [Lit.

people of the longhouse].
Traditionalists (government) hodisdowa:e' (hoh-dees-doh-wah-ayh!); [Lit. wearers
of feathers, gasdowa'].
Traditionally - dagadaje' (daw-gaw-daw-jayh!); [Lit. it has stood through time].
Traffic (cars) - ga 1sehdano:ge' (gawh!-sayh-daw-nonh-gayh!); [Lit. many cars].
- Traffic light - gajisdani:yo:n (gaw-jees-daw-nee-yohn); [Lit. hanging light].

Trailing - no 1ge: 1sho 1 (nonh!-genh!-shonh!); [Lit. lagging behind].
Trailing arbutus - watohtsi1se 1s (wah-tonh-cheeh!-says).
Train - ga 1sehdayano:we' (gawh!-sayh-daw-yaw-noh-wayh!); [Lit. fast car].
Transformation (witch's) - ho 1dwaja'daje:es (hoh!-dwa-jawh!-daw-jay-enhs);
[Lit. its body changed]. Seneca myths and legends tell of sorcerers who had the
abilty to transform themselves into animals or birds.
Transforms (it) - dewaja 1dade:nyohs (day-waw-jawh!-daw-day-nyonhs); [Lit. its
body changes].
Transfusion - gatgwehsonda:hoh (gaw-tgwenh-sonh-dawh-honh); [Lit.blood put
in].
........
Transit - gaisdi1syos (guy-steeh!-shonhs); [Lit. it marks borders].
Translated- degaiwa 1sa:gweh (day-gaw-eeh!-gwah-sah-gwenh); [Lit.taking a
-- language off another language].
Translator - dai:wa'sahgwas (daw-eeh-wah!-sah-gwas); Lit.he separates
languages].
Transient -hodeste'o:je's (hoh-denhs-tayh!-onh-jayh!-s); [Lit. drifting and poor].

Trap-ye,eodahgwa' (yayh!-ayh-oh-dah-gwah!); [Lit. used for trapping].

Trap (set) - ga1eo:d (gawh!-ayh-od).
-
Trapping (he is -) - ha1eo:do:nyoh (hawh!-aye-oh donh-nyonh).
Trapper- ha'eota' (hawh!-ayh-oh tah!); [Lit. he sets traps].
Treasurer- owisda1 hasdi:sta 1 (oh-wees-dawh!--haws-dees-tawh!); [money keeper]
Treatment (against) -deyodogendoh (day-yoh-doh-genh-donh); Lit. works
against].
Treaty - degaiodahgoh (day-gaw-eeh-yoh-dah-gonh); [Lit. agreement by 2].
Tree - gaid (gah-eed).
Tree (I have a tree up) - agatii:id (ah-gaw-tah-eed).
Tree (at top of) - hegaidage:ya:d (hay-gah-eeh-daw-genh-yawd).
Tree (tall) - giiide:s (gah-eeh-days).
Trees - gahadodo' (gaw-haw-doh-donh!); [Lit. stands of trees]. In the gano:nyog,
(Thanks-Giving Address), which refers to the varieties of tree life for which
respect and gratitude is given for their gifts to humans, birds and animals.
Trees (at random)- gaido' (gah-eeh-donh!).
Trees (in a row) - giiidoje' (gah-eeh-donh-jayh!).
Trees (orchard) - gaodayentoh (gaw-onh-daw-yenh-tonh); [Lit.trees planted].
-
Tree branch - o:ohda1 (oh-onh-dawh!).
Tree branch (broke off) - o'watojak (oh!-waw-tonh-jawk).
Tree branch (broken off) - o:tohja 1 goh (oh-tonh-jawh!-gonh).
Tree branch stub - o'hohga:' (oh!-honh-gah!). -
Tree (up rooted) - ho 1wa:taida:go 1 (hoh!-wah-tah-eeh-daw-goh!).
Tree knot - oadahsa' (oh-ah-dawh-sawh!).
Tree log - ga 1hahda' (gawh!-hawh-dawh!).
Tree roots - okdea' (ohk-day-ah!).
Tree stump - ohji 1gyo:d (oh-jeeh!-gyoad).
Tree twig - 0 1sgwi:ya1 (oh!-sgweeh-yah!).
-
Tree trunk - geo:da 1 (genh-onh-dawh!).
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; ii. as in at; e as in end; ti as in on

Tree whip - gahjohja' (gaw-jonh-jawh!).; [Lit. a young tree sapling].

Tree-of-peace - onehdaji:hgowa:h (oh-nenh-daw-jee-go-wawh).ln the center of
that metaphorical Longhouse the Tree of Peace was planted, to symbolize the
Great Law of Peace.
Tree rings - deyotwahahsyo' (day-yoh-twah-hah-shonh!); [Lit. layers of rings].
Tree toad - otaseo 1 (oh-taw-senh-onh!).
Tree trimmer- haida1ah (hah-eeh-dawh!-ah); [Lit. he works with trees].
- Tree trunk - ga'hahda' (gawh!-hawh-dawh!).
- Trembling hands (her)- deyago 1 eoda:ta' (day-yaw-goh!-enh-onh-dawh!-tawh!).
Trembling body (its) - oya 1donda:ta' (oh-yah!-donh-dawh!-tawh!).
Trembling voice (her)- gowenoda:ta' (goh-wenh-nonh-dawh!-tah!).
Tricky (you are -) - sa:jeosgo' (saw-jenh-onh-sgonh!).
Trial- deodiya 1dowe:d (denh-onh-dee-yawh!-doh-wayd); [Lit.they will deliberate].
-- Triangle- seh ni-yotsosgwa:d (senh-nee-yoh-chohs-gwawd); [Lit. 3 cornered].
Tributary - onegi:tgeoh (oh-nay-geeh-tgenh-onh); [Lit. water run offs].
Trickery - ojeohsgwa' (oh-jenh-onhs-gwah!).
- Trick-of-the-eye- ho 1 dwa:tgajeohnyo:' (hoh!-dwah-tgaw-jenh-onh-nyonh!).
-- Tricky (they are) - honojeohsgo' (hoh-nonh-jenh-onhs-gonh!).

Tripe- onege 1da' (oh-nenh-genh!-dawh!); (Lit. cow's stomach].
- Tripped (me)- ho 1dwagadoda:hde 1 (hoh!-dwa-gaw-doh-dah-denh!).
- Tripping (me)- dewagadoda:danih (day-waw-gaw-doh-dah-daw-neeh).
Tripping (me/continuously) - dewagadoda:dania:je 1s (day-waw-gaw-doh-dah-
- daw-nee-ah-jayh!-s)
Trotting dance -ga1da:syo:d (gawh!-daw-showd); [Lit. standing quiver dance].
Trouble - oiha: 1 (oh-eeh-hawh!); [Lit. squabbling].
- Trough basket - ga1owogo:h (gawh!-onh-wonh-gonh).

- Trout (brook) - ja:we:h (jaw-wenh).
True- doges (doh-gays).
Trumpet sound - tgawe:ni:s entgasnye1 (tgaw-wenh-nees--ehn-tgaws-nyayt);

[Lit.a sound to be heard prior to the Christian 'judgement day'].

Trusting- gaiwagweniyo:sta 1 (guy-wah-gwehn-neeh-yos-tawh!); [Lit. believing].
Truth- gaiwagweni:yo' (guy-gwa-gweh-nee-yoh!); [Lit. believable word].
Truthful- hoi:wadogehdoh (hoh-eeh-wah-doh-genh-donh); [Lit.he speaks straight].
Truth is- dab-doges (daw-doh-gays). {Expression}
Tried (with difficulty)- 0 1tgado:geh (oh!-tgaw-doh-genh).
Try (you)- sadeno'gea:d (saw-denh-nonh!-gay-ah-d).
Try (you will- again)- dedihsahda:go' (denh-deeh-sawh-daw-goh!).
Trying (I keep -)- agoehsyohgoh (ah-goh-ayh-shonh-gonh).
Trying (I am- to learn) - gadeyesta' (gaw-day-yenhs-tawh!).
Tuberculoses - gaha:etge' (gaw-hah-ayd-tgenh!); [Lit. the bad disease].
Tuberculoses (they have) - hodiha:gaya 1seh (hoh-dee-hah-gaw-yawh!-sawh).
Tubes - aweo 1da 1 (awh-way-oh!-dawh!).
Tuesday- degnih wenishade' (dayg-neeh--wenh-nees-hah-dayh!); [Lit. day two].
Tuesday-Swenda:dih (swenh-daw-deeh);_ [Lit. day after Monday].
Tug-o'-war - de:no'eni:ya:s (denh-nonh!-enh-nee-yayh!s); [Lit. crossing the pole].
Tulip tree- sga:ok (sgawh-oak).
Tumbling dance- odeswade:nyo:' (oh-days-swah-day-nyonh!); [Lit. changing
ribs]. women's society; unrestricted.
Tums, etc ..- gonisheod deyodogehdoh (goh-nees-hay-ohd--day-yoh-doh-genh
donh); [Lit. works against over eating].
Tunesassa, (Alleg. Terr.) Nejo 1 nehsa 1 sa:a ( nayh-joh!-nayh-sah!s-aaw); [Lit. fine
sand there], pronounced 'Tunessasa' by Quakers, it has become the accepted
term ever since.
Tunic- aja 1dawi 1sha' (aw-jawh!-daw-weeh!-shah!); [Lit. used as body cover]. This
term has become the accepted version; instead of 'aja'dawe'sha.''.
Tunneled- deyohagwe:de' (day-yoh-haw-gwenh-dayh!); [Lit. a pass through].
Turkey-0 1s0:on (oh!-soh-ohn); [Lit. pine on it].
Tum (you- it)- segae:goh (say-gaw-enh-goh).

Tum it on - segae:goh (sah-gaw-enh-goh).

Tum around (you)- desadihsade:nih (day-saw-deeh-saw-day-neeh).
Turned aside (I)- o'gata:go' (oh!-gaw-tah-goh!); [Lit. I took a by-path].
Turned (over) - gagahatweh (gaw-gaw-haw-twenh).
Turning - otgahahdo:h (oht-gaw-haw-donh); [Lit. it goes around and around].
......,_ Turning (I'm - pages) agyadoshahgahahdo:h (ah-gyaw-donh-shah-gaw-haw-
donh).
Tuscarora chief name- Ganedawa'goh (gaw-nenh-daw-wawhl-gonh); [Lit.
grasping a big tree].
Turning - otgahado:h (oat-gaw-haw-donh).
- Turning place- de:nodihsadenya1ta 1 (denh-nonh-deeh-saw-day-nyahl-tawhl);
[Lit. place where they tum around].
-. Turnip - okdea' (oak-day-ah!); [Lit. root vegie].
Turtle- ha'nowa:h (hawhl-noh-wawh). (generic term)
Turtle (box) - ga'ja:sgwa' (gahl-jaw-sgwah!).
Turtle Clan- Hadinyahde:h (haw-dee-nyah-denh).
Turtle (musk) - ga1nowe:s ganyahde:h (gawhl-noh-ways-gaw-nyah-denh); [Lit.
--
- long back snapping turtle].
Turtle (snapping)- ganyahde:h (gaw-nyah-denh).
- English unknown - sga'nowageoh (sgawhl-noh-wah-genh-onh); [Lit. thin turtle]

smaller than snapping turtle.
Turtle Island - as floating in an endless sea, the 2nd of three realms in a sphere as
defined in the Seneca Universe; known as North America.
--.
Turtle rattle - ga 1no:wa 1 (gawl-noh-wawhl).
Tuscarora com- oneo:ge:n (oh-nenh-onh-gehn); [Lit. white com].
Tuscarora - Dasge:weo:no' (Daws-gay-way-oh-nohhl); [Lit. Shirt wearing
- -- people]. They were adopted by Hodinohso:ni' in the early 1700s.
Tuscarora Nation-Dasge:weo:no' (Daws-gay-way-oh-nonhl); [Lit. Shirt
wearing people]. As the 6th Nation of the Hodinohso:ni', it is governed by a

ONONDOWA•GA:• GAWE:Nb•
traditional council of 13 Chiefs chosen by the clan mothers with the consent of
their 9 families. The Chiefs sit in the Grand Councils with the Younger Brothers
who speak for them.
Tuscarora Terr.- Dasge:we•geh (Daws-gay-wenh!-gayh); [Lit. at Dasge:weo:no's
place]. Reservation occupies 5,778 acres north east of Niagara Fall, near the
southern shore of Lake Ontario.
Twelve (12)- deknih-sgae• (day-knee-sgaw-ayh!); [Lit. base 10 + 2 more on top].
Twenty (20) - dewasheh (day-waws-henh); [Lit. base 10 x 2].
Twenty-one (21)- dewasheh-sgad (day-was-henh-sgawd); [Lit. base 10 x 2 + 1].
Twenty-five cents ($.25) - degahsyo•sha:ge:h (day-gah-shonh!-shah-gay); [Lit. 2
shillings] 1 shilling= 12 1/2 x 2 = 25.
Twig - o•sgwi:ya• (oh!-sgweeh-yah!).
Twins (boy/girl) - dei:keh (day-eeh-kenh).
Twins (boys) - deni:keh (da-neeh-kenh).
Twins (girls) - dekni:keh (day-kneeh-kenh).
Twins (Creator) - de:ni:keh (day-nee-kenh); [Lit. twin boys] Cultural Tip:
Grandsons of Sky Woman; even before their birth, the twins were at odds, one
was antagonistic and insisted he was NOT going to be born normally, the other
twin warned him that by doing so their mother would die. Ultimately, Sky
Woman's daughter, dies upon the hirth of the 2nd twin when he is born through
her arm pit.
Twist (you) - desdoga:daseh (days-doh-gah-daw-sayh).
Twisted- degadoga:da:se:h (day-gaw-doh-gah-daw-sayh).
Twisted-his-arm - ho•towonoshagada:se• (hoh!-tonh-wonh-nonh-shawh-gaw-daw-
sayh!).
Twitching- ohdi 1gyogweh (oh-deeh!-gyonh-gwenh).
Twitching eye - ohgahdi•gyo:gweh (oh-gawh-deeh!-gyonh-gwenh).
Two (2) - deknih (dayk-neeh).
Two days from now - sigwa:h hehjo:hent (see-gwah--henh-joe-hent); [Lit.day
-
after tomorrow].
Two-story- deyonogda:ne:d (day-yoh-nong-daw-nayd); [Lit. 2 upper rooms].
--.
Two days hence-dewenisha:ge:h niyowe' (day-wenh-nees-hah-gayh--nee-yoh
wayh!); [Lit. up until 2 days].
Two hundred (200) - deknih ne-we 1nya 1e:h (dayh-knee-nay-wenh!-nya-ayh); [Lit.
Two inches (2") - deyoyohga:ge:h (day-yoh-yonh-gah-gay); [Lit. 2 thumbs].
Two rods, paces - deyoa 1 a:ge:h (day-yoh-ah!-ah-gayh); [Lit. 33'].
Two Row Wampum- Gushenta (gaws-hehn-tawh!); this belt records the first
agreement with the Dutch in 1613 in the 17th century and has formed the basis
- for all subsequent treaties.
Two thousand (2000) - degaosha:geh (day-gaw-onh-shah-gayh); [Lit. 2 boxes,
--
......
each box contains 1000 items].
Two yards - deyo 1eno:geh (day-yoh!-enh-nonh-gay); [Lit. 2 poles].
- Twos (by) - deknih sho' (dayg-kneeh-shonh!).
Type (kind) - na 10:d (nah!-od).
Type of (its) - ne 1 -na 10:d (nayh!-nah!-od). { C-P}
Type writer - degagenos (day-gaw-gehn-ohs); [Lit. it pecks].
- Typist- deyegenos (day-yay-gehn-ohs); [Lit. she pecks].
u
Uu - 5th vowel in the Seneca Alphabet, pronounced as u, as in cute, cue
Ugly (it is -)- gae:tge' (gaw-ay-tgenh!).
Ulcer - de 1swa:do:1 (dayh!-swah-donh!); [Lit. it doesn't heal].
Ultimate- heyogohso:d (hay-yoh-gonh-sowd); [Lit. far beyond].
Ultimatum- ho 1towoiwahdogehde 1 (hoh!-tonh-woh-ee-waw-doh-genh-denh!);
[Lit. they put the word straight to him].
Umbilical cord (Anat.) - oshe 1daisha 1 (ohs-hayh-daw-ees-hah!); [Lit. used as a
.-.
navel].

-
·0N6NDOWA1 GA:' GAWE:NO'
Umbrella- yodesdawe1sha:ta 1 (yon-days-daw-wayh!-slih-tawh!; [Lit. used as

cover from rain].
-
~
Umbrella (fungus)- adeonosha (aw-denh-onh-nos-hah!); [Lit.shade like].

1
'-'
\.
Umpire- hadogesta 1 (haw-doh-genhs-tawh); [Lit. he keeps things straight].
'-'
Unable - ohda:gwas (oh-daw-gwas); [Lit. unsuccessful tries]. ._.
Unable (I'm) - agahdagwas (ah-gawh-daw-gwas); [Lit. my unsuccessful tries]. '-'
Unaccepted- de 1 ga:gweh (dayh!-gaw-gwenh); [Lit. rejected]. '-
~
Unaccommodated - da 1degaiwasnye 1 (dawh!-day-guy-was-nyayh!); [Lit.
neglected]. '-'
Unaccompanied- ha 1deyoya 1disdoh (hah!-day-yoh-yawh!-dees-donh); [Lit. alone].
'-
'-'
Unaccomplished-de 1gayenenda 1oh (dayh!-gaw-yehn-nenh-dawh-onh); [Lit.
'-
undone]. '-'
Unaccustomed- do 1oyende:oh (doh!-oh-yehn-dayh!-onh); [Lit. still new to it]. \..
Unacknowledged- do 1oiwasti:isdoh (doh!-oh-eeh-was-dees-donh); [Lit. ignored]. ...
Unacquainted-de 1wajendi:h (dayh!-wah-jehn-deeh); [Lit. unknown to it]. '-'
Unadaptable- da 1agaye:de:1 (dawh!-ah-gaw-yehn-dayh!);[Lit. can't adjust to it].
'-'
Unadorned- do 1oja 1dahsyo:ni:h (doh!-oh-jah!-dah-shonh-neeh); [Lit. plain].
'--
'--
Unadvised- do 10 1nigo:d (doh!-oh!-neeh-goad); [Lit. it gave no ideas]. ._,
Unaffected- da 1deyoyo:nyo 1 (dah!-day-yoh-yohn-nyonh!); [Lit. untouched]. ~
Unafraid- de 1gasha:nis (dayh!-gaws-hah-nees); [Lit. does not fear it]. '-'

~
Unalterable- do 10:sagade:nyo:g (donh!-oh-saw-gaw-day-nyong); Lit. can't
~
change]. ._,
Unambitious- ono 1seh (oh-nonh!-sayh); [Lit. its lazy].
~
Unamiable- de 1yogwe1diyo:h (dayh!-yonh-gwayh!-deeh-yoh); [Lit. unkind]. '-,.
Unanimous- sga 1nigo:n (sgawh!-neeh-gohn); [Lit. all of one mind]. Ii.,
Unanimity- ho 1tgai:wa 1dihet (hoh!-tgah-eeh-wawh!-deeh-hayt); [Lit. all agreed]. Ii.,,;
Unanswerable- 0 josde:n (oh!-johs-dehn); [Lit. stymied for an answer].

1 '-'
Unappealing-do 1osganot (doh!-ohs-gaw-nont); [Lit. nothing to wish about]. '-'
Unappeasable- da 1ayo 1nigoehyoh (dawh!-ah-yoh!-nee-gonh-eeh-yoh); [Lit. no '-'
'-
'-'
~
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; 6 as in on -

-. Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 325
--- pleasing it].

Unappetizing - do•oga 1 ohsyo:oh (doh!-oh-gawh!-onh-shonh); [Lit. it doesn't look
- good tasting].
Unappreciated- de 1gai:wanohgoh (dayh!-gaw-eeh-waw-noh-gonh); [Lit. not
treasured].
Unapproachable- da 1oh ha:satis (dawh!-onh--haw-saw-tees); [Lit. can't get close].
- Unapproved-de 1gaiwiyosdoh (dayh!-guy-weeh-yos donh).

Unashamed- de 1wade:ehs (dayh!-waw-day-enhs); [Lit. it has no shame].
Unassertive- odi 1 gyo 1 (oh-deeh!-gyonh!); [Lit. its timid].
- Unassisted -de1gayenowo 1se:h (dayh!-gaw-yenh-nonh-wonh!-sayh); [Lit. no help].
-
- Unassuming - da•gwisde 1 de•we:h (dawh!-gwees-denh!-dayh!-way); [Lit. it has
no thought one way or the other].
Unappropriated- de 1tgawisda:e 1 (dayh!-ygaw-wees-dah-ayh!); [Lit. no money].
Unattached- de 1 gasheon (dayh!-gaws-henh-ohn); [Lit. its not tied].
Unattainable -da 1oh aga:gwe:og (dawh!-onh-ah-gaw-gwenh-ong); [Lit. it can
not be gotten].
Unattempted- do 1odeno 1geahdoh (doh!-oh-denh-nonh!-gay-ah-donh); [Lit. untried]
-- Unattended- de 1 gagahda:je 1 (dayh!-gaw-gah-daw-jayh!); [Lit. unescorted].
Unauthorized- de 1gahsenogeya:d (dayh!-gah-senh-nonh-genh-yawd);
[Lit.unnamed].
- Unavailable- de 1gaye• (dayh!-gaw-yenh!); [Lit. not any].
Unavoidable- da 1gwisde 1 hagaye:1 (dawh!-gwees-denh!--haw-gaw-yayh!); [Lit. it
could not be helped].
Unaware- de•gaga 1aeyo: 1 (dayh!-gaw-gawh!-ah-yenh-onh!); [Lit. unnoticed it].
Unbalanced- ho•gagai:da:d (ho!-gaw-gah-eeh-dawd); [Lit. slanted one way].
Unbearable- do•ogwe:nye:d (doh!-oh-gwenh-nyayd); [Lit. can't stand it].
Unbeaten- de 1gowogwenyo:h (dayh!-gonh-wonh-gway-nyonh); [Lit. champion].
Unbecoming - do 1 oyesdoh (doh!-oh-yenhs-donh); [Lit. not suitable].
Unbelievable- oiwana:gwad (oh-eeh-wah-nah-gwad); [Lit. amazing].
-
a e
-
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; as in at; as in end; 6 as in on
Unbound- de'sga:wa:heh (dayh!-sgaw-wah-henh); [Lit. freed].

Unborn- do'onoga:doh (doh!-oh-nonh-gah-donh); [Lit. yet to be born].
Unbreakable- de,wa:dahjo:' (dayh!-wah-dah-jonh!); [Lit. does not break].
Unbroken- do'odahjo' (doh!-oh-dah-jonh!); [Lit. intact].
Unburdened - watweno:da:gweh (wah-tway-noh-daw-gwenh); [Lit. unloaded].
Unbuttoned - da'deganohsondagweh (dah!-day-gaw-nonh-sonh-daw-gwenh);
[Lit. it is still buttoned].
Uncanny- gaiwanoeh (gaw-eeh-wah-noh-ayh); [Lit. it happens]. '-
~
Unceasing- jawe'oh (iaw-wenh!-onh); [Lit. all the time].
~
Uncertain- deyo'nigoe:ge:h (day-yoh!-nee-goh-enh-gay); [Lit. of two minds]. .._
Unchangeable- da,desgade:nyos (dawh!-days-gaw-day-nyonhs); [Lit. stays the I_,
same]. ...
Unchanged- tsiyo,de:h (cheeh-yoh!-denh); [Lit. as always]. I.,.
Uncharitable - do 1odanideoh (doh!-oh-daw-nee-denh-onh); [Lit. stingy]. '-

Unclad- o'nosda'geh (oh!-nos-dawh!-gayh); [Lit. nude]. '-'
. ~
Uncle (my -) - hakno'seh (haw-knooh!-senh).
\..
Uncle (your) - yano'seh (yaw-noh!-senh).
'-'
Uncle (his or her) - hono•seh (hoh-noh!-senh). \ii..
Uncles (his) - howoye:wo:de• (honh-wonh-yenh-wonh-denh!). '-
Unclean- otgi' (oh-tgeeh!); [Lit. dirty]. ~
Unclear- do'oye:de:d (doh!-oh-yenh-dayd).

--..
Unclothed- do•ohsyoni:h (doh!-oh-shonh-neeh).
'-'
Ii..,.
Uncluttered - wahgwi•ho' (wah-gweeh!-honh!) ; [Lit. tidy].
'-'
Uncomfortable - de•gayeosdoh (dayh!-gaw-yenh-onhs-donh); [Lit. feels weird].
'-'
Uncommitted- de'o•nigoehsa•oh (dayh!-oh!-nee-gonh-enh-sawh!-onh); [Lit. it has '-'
not made up its mind]. t.,.
~
Uncommon- de'ganoge' (dayh!-gaw-nonh-gayh!); [Lit. rare].
~
Uncommunicative- de•gasnye's (dayh!-gaws-nyayh!-s); [Lit. it doesn't talk].
Uncompleted- de'gayenenda•oh (dayh!-gaw-yenh-nehn-dawh!-onh); [Lit.not done]
'-'
\..
'-,
\a,
I..,
~
'-
'-=
327
Uncomprehending- do10 1nigoehye:da 1s (doh!-oh!-nee-goh-enh-yehn-dawh!-s );

[Lit. it does not understand].
........
Unconfined- odadweni:yo 1 (oh-daw-dwenh-nee-yoh!); [Lit. it has freedom].
Uncornfirmed-de 1gai:wihsa 1oh (dayh!-guy-weeh-sah!-onh); [Lit.the matter is
still open].
- Unconnected- da 1dewa 1ho:n (dawh!-day-wawh!-hohn).

Unconquerable - da•aowodigwe:ni• (dawh!-ah-onh-wonh-dee-gway-neeh!); [Lit.
they can not be beaten].
Unconscious(its)- onoehdo 1oh (oh-nonh-enh-donh!-onh); [Lit. its passed out].
Unconscious (she's) - gonoehdo 1oh (goh-nonh-enh-donh!-onh); [Lit she's out].
- Uncounted- de1washe:deh (dayh!-was-hay-denh).
Uncovered- wawe 1sa:gweh (waw-wayh!-sah-gwenh).
Uncut- de 1gaya 1goh (dayh!-gaw-yayh!-gonh).
Undecided- do 1o•nigoihsa•oh (doh!-oh!-nee-gonh-eeh-sawh!-onh); [Lit. it has not
- made up its mind].
Undeniable - gaiwagweniyo 1 (guy-waw-gwehn-nee-yoh!); [Lit. truth].
.......
Undependable- do•oya•dahdani:h (doh!-oh-yawh!-dah-daw-neeh).
Under- no 1 go:gwah (nonh!-gonh-gwah).
Under age- do•oishahyi:sdoh (doh!-oh-ees-hah-yees-donh); [Lit. has not of age].
Under arm (anat.)-wohohdago:h (wonh-honh-dah-gonh).
Under brush- odesgayo:jeh (oh-days-gaw-yoh-jenh); [Lit. grown brush].
Under clothes- no1gohka:• (nonh!-gonh-kawh!); [Lit. under wear].
- Under cover- odahsehdo1geh (oh-dah-sayh-donh!-gayh); [Lit. in hiding].

Under developed- do•odawihsa•oh (doh!-oh-daw-weeh-sawh!-onh).
Under done (food)- jono:0 1 neyowi:h (joh-noh-onh!--nay-yoh-weeh).
Under growth- odesgayo:jeh (oh-days-gaw-yoh-jenh); [Lit. grown brush].
Under lined- tga•syo:h (tgawh!-shonh); [Lit. marked across].
.~ .
Under neath- no•go:gwah (noh!-gonh-gwawh).
Under ripe - do 1oyaih (doh!-oh-yaw-eeh); [Lit. green fruit].
......
ONONDOWA'GA:' GAWE:Nb·
Understand? - esa'nigoeyendat? (ayh-sawh!-nee-goh-enh-yehn-dawt); [Lit. did

your mind grasp it?].
Understandable- o'nigoehyendad (oh!-nee-goh-enh-yenh-dawt); [Lit. the mind
can grasp the intent].
Understandable (not) - do 1 0 nigoehyendad (doh!-oh!-nee-goh-enh-yehn-dawt);
1
[Lit. the mind can not grasp the intent].

Understood - wo'nigoe:yedat (woh!-oh-nee-gonh-enh-yenh-dawt); [Lit.the mind
got it].
Understood (I) - olmigoehye:dat (onk-knee-gonh-enh-yenh-dawt); [Lit. I got it].
Understood (got it!)- ne 1 -waih ! (nayh!-wah-eeh). { C-P}
Under taker- haosha'ah (haw-onhs--hah!-ah); [Lit. he works with boxes].
Under water- onegago:jih (oh-nay-gaw-gonh-jeeh); [Lit. deep in the water].
Underwater World-yonejago:jih (yoh-enh-jaw-gonh-jeeh); [Lit. in the deepest
depth of the earth] the 3rd of 3 realms in a sphere as defined in the Seneca
Universe; below the Turtle Island is a realm of fire where the monster beings,
serpents and evil creatures exist.
Under wear- no'gohka: 1 (nonh!-gonh-kawh!); [Lit. under clothes].
Undecided - de'o'nigoehsa'oh (doh!-oh!-nee-gonh-enh-sawh!-onh); [Lit. [its mind
is not made up].
Undecided (he's) - ho'to,nigoe:ge:' (hoh!-toh!-nee-gonh-enh-gayh!); [Lit. he was.
-
of 2 minds].
Undisputed- da'degaihyo:n (dawh!-day-guy-eeh-yohn); [Lit. no tugging of
· words].
Undivided- da'degaya:goh (dawh!-day-gaw-yah!-gonh); [Lit. left whole].
Undone- sgaga,tso:h (sgaw-gah!-chonh); [Lit. it been taken back apart].
Undress (you)- sahsyonyahsih (saw-shonh-nyah-seeh); [Lit.take your clothes off].
Undressed- ohsyonyahso:h (oh-shonh-nyah-sonh); [Lit. it took its clothes off].
Uneasy- de'wajehsa:geh (dayh!-wah-jay-saw-gayh); [Lit. its difficult].
Uneatable- de'e:s (dayh!-ayhs); [Lit. not fit to eat, for anyone].

--
......
.
Seneca Language Teacher's Dictio_nary
329
-- Uneducated - de•gayesdani:h (dayh!-gaw-yenhs-daw-neeh); [Lit. not been taught].

Unemployable-de•gaha•tsiyo:h (dayh!-gaw-hawh!-chee-yoh); [Lit. bad worker].
Unemployed- dodi:yo•de• (doh-deeh-yoh!-dayh!); [Lit. they're not working].
Unending - jotgo:n (jot-tgohn); [Lit. forever].
Unequal- deyodieh (day-yoh-dee-enh); [Lit. not even].
Unessential-da•deyode:jooh (dawh!-day-yoh-denh-joh-onh); [Lit. not needed].
-- Uneven- da•deyo•de:h (dawh!-day-yoh!-denh); [Lit. not the same].
Unexpected- de•joshaikgoh (dayh!-joh-shaw-eek-donh); [Lit. big surprise].
Unfair- ga•nigoho•doh (gawh!-nee-gonh-honh!-donh); [Lit. had cheated].
Unfamiliar- do•osagaye:de:• (donh!-onh-saw-gaw-yenh-dayh!); [Lit. no
-
- recognition].
Unfinished- de•gayenenda•oh (dayh!-gaw-yehn-nen-dah!-onh).
Unfit - do•o:wis (doh!-oh-wees); [Lit. does not belong].
Unforeseeable- do•o:ge•t (doh!-oh-genh!-t); [Lit. can not see clearly ahead].
- Unforgettable- da•esa•nigoheh (dawh!-ayh-sawh!-nee-gonh-henh); [Lit.can't
forget].
Unfortunate-do•oda•swi:yo:h (doh!-oh-dah!-swee-yoh); [Lit. unlucky].
- Unfounded- do•oiwa•geh (doh!-oh-eeh-wah!-gayh); [Lit. of no matter].

Unfrequented- gatga:• (gaw-tgawh!); [Lit. sometimes].
Unfriendly- da•ao:de:d (dah!-aw-onh-dayd); [Lit. indifferent].
Unglued- ho•wada•nendahsi• (hoh!-wah-dah!-nehn-daw-seeh!); [Lit.became
unstuck].
Unglued- oda•nendahso:h (oh-dah!-nehn-daw-sonh); [Lit. its no longer stuck].
Unhandy- de•gayeosdoh (dayh!-gaw-yenh-onhs-donh); [Lit. cumbersome].
Unhappy- da•ao:detga:de• (dah!-ah-onh-day-tgah-dayh!); [Lit. its feeling down].
Unharmed- de•gaye:sdoh (dayh!-gaw-yenhs-donh); [Lit. it hadn't been hurt].
Unhatched- da•deyononja•goh (dawh!-day-yoh-nonh-jawk-gonh); [Lit. the
'chicks' have not yet broken through (the egg shell)].
Unhealthy- de•yohiyo:h (dayh!-yonh-hee-yoh); [Lit. its sickly].

ONONDOWA1 GA: 1 GAWE:Nb•
Unheard- do1oto:de1 (doh!-oh-tonh-dayh!); [Lit. it did not hear it].

Unheard of- de 1waogeh (dayh!-waw-onh-genh);[Lit. never known about].
Unheated- de1wa 1dae:ya 1doh (dayh!-wah!-daw-ayh-yawh!-donh); [Lit. left cold].
Unheeded- de 1wato:da:s (dayh!-waw-tonh-daws); [Lit. it doesn't mind].
Unhitched- gasheodagweh (gaws-henh-onh-daw-gwenh); [Lit. its untied].
Unhurried- da•deo 1saeyat (dawh!-day-yoh!-saw-aye-yawt); [Lit. not to rush].
Unify- degaye:no: 1 (denh-gaw-yay-nonh!); [Lit. hold together].
Unilateral- sgaga:dih (sgaw-gah-deeh); [Lit. one side only].
Unimpeachable - da 1 ohsahgowoya 1den (dah!-onh-sawh-gonh-wonh-yah!-dehn);
Lit. can not take down what has been put up].
Uninformed- do'1onohdo 1 (doh!-oh-nonh-donh!); [Lit. it doesn't know].
Unintelligent - do 1 0 1nigon (doh!-oh!-nee-gohn); [Lit. its not thinking right].
Unintentional- de•we:oh (dayh!-way-onh); [Lit. it wasn't meant to happen].
Uninvited- de 1gayasweh (dayh!-gaw-yaws-wenh); [Lit. not asked to attend].
Unironed-de•gaisda:wheh (dayh!-gaw-ees-daw-whenh); [Lit.its not ironed].
Unison- tsa 1ja:weh (chawh!-jaw-wenh); [Lit. at the same time].
Universe -tigeoyagwegoh (tee-genh-onh-yaw-gway-gonh); [Lit. all over the sky].
Unkempt -deyodehseogweh (day-yoh-denh-senh-onh-gwenh); [Lit. shoddy].
Unknotted- de•ganosgwaon (dayh!-gaw-nonhs-gwah-ohn); [Lit. left untied].
Unknot- desnosgweondagoh (days-nohs-gway-oh-daw-goh); [Lit. you unknot it].
Unknotted (it is)- deganosgweoda:gweh (day-gaw-nonhs-gway-oh-daw-gwenh).
Unknown- di 1gwa:h (deeh!-gwah): [Lit. (I) don't know].
Unknown - da•agenohdo 1 (dawh!-ah-genh-nonh-doh!): [Lit. I don't know].
Unknown (name)- do•ohseno:ye• (doh!-oh-senh-nonh-yenh!); [Lit. it has no name].
Unknown when- wendoh-gwah (wenh-donh-gwawh) { C-P}
Unknown wild plant (in English) - gahse:yedahgwa 1 (gawh-senh-yenh-dawh
gwah!); [Lit. it brings the frost]. Plant has white fall flowers.
Unlaced- dega 1hosha:gweh (day-gawh!-hohs-hah-gwenh).
-
Unlatched - ga:hodo:gweh (gaw-hoh-donh-gwenh); [Lit. its been opened].
-
Unlaundered- osdahgwae' (ohs-daw-gwah-ayh!); [Lit. its soiled].

Unleavened- de1otiigwe'gweh (dayh!-oh-tah-gwenh!-gwenh); [Lit.it has not rised].
Unless - ne 1 -gi 1 -sheh (nayh!-geeh!-shenh). {C-P}
.......
- Unlighted - de1 gajisdo:d (dayh!-gaw-jees-doad); [Lit. light is not up]. This word
was from a time when light referred to flame.
- Unlikely- ha1 deyoi:wage:h (hawh!-day-yoh-eeh-wah-gay); [Lit. questionable].
- Unlimited - ganyo 1 -nah-shoh-niyo:h (gaw-nyoh!-nah-shonh-nee-yonh). {C-P}

Unlined- da 1degano 1ne:d (dawh!-day-gaw-nonh!-nayd); [Lit. not layered].
Unlisted- de 1 gayado 1 (dayh!-gaw-yaw-donh!); [Lit. its unwritten].
Unloaded - watenoda-:gweh (waw-tay-noh-daw-gwenh).
Unlocked-de 1ga 1nowaniyo:n (dayh!-gawh!-noh-wah-nee-yohn); [Lit. no padlock
hanging there].
Unloved- de 1gowede:s (dayh!-gonh-wenh-denhs); [Lit. not treated with love].
- Unlucky- de 1oda 1swiyo:h (dayh!-oh-dah!-sweeh-yoh); [Lit. it has no good luck].
- Unmanly- hotsino 1daje:at (hoh-chee-nonh!-daw-jay-at); [Lit. he's wimpish].
- Unmask- 0 watgo:sa:go' (oh!-wah-tgonh-sah-goh!); [Lit. it took its face off].
1
Unmeaning- de'gendoh (dayh!-genh-:donh); [Lit. it isn't serious].

-- Unmeasured- - de'wadeno'geahdoh (dayh!-wah-denh-nonh!-gay-ah-donh).
Unmerciful- do'odanideoh (doh!-oh-dah-nee-denh-onh); [Lit. it has no pity].
....... Unmerited- do'ogagwenyo:' (doh!-oh-gah-gway-nyonh!); [Lit. it didn't earn it].
- Unmindful- de'wenohdo:nyoh (dayh!-wenh-nonh-donh-nyonh); [Lit. no thought].
Unmistakable- agwas-tgaye:i' (awh-gwas-tgaw-yay-eeh!). {C-P}
Unmoved (object)- do'otgi:sdoh (doh!-oh-tgees-donh); [Lit. it has not moved].
-- Unnatural- o'dwajeonyo:' (oh-dwah-jenh-onh-nyonh!); [Lit. unreal happening].

Unnecessary- da'deyode:jooh (dawh!-day-yoh-denh-jonh); [Lit. not needed].
Unnoticed - de'gage:h (dayh!-gaw-genh); [Lit. it was not seen].
-. Unnumbered- de'osheda:' (dayh!-ohs-hay-dawh!); [Lit. it has no number].
Unobservable- do 10:gent (doh!-oh-gent); [Lit.not easily seen].
Unobstructed - da'degaoh (dawh!-day-gah-onh); [Lit. nothing across it].
-
-
Unoccupied- aosga 1ah (ah-ohs-gawh!-ah); [Lit. nothing there].

Unopened (door)- de 1gahodo:gweh (dayh!-gaw-hoh-donh-gwenh).
Unorganized- adi 1 gwah shoh tiyoje:eh (ah-deeh!-gawh--shonh--tee-yoh-jenh);
[Lit. every thing is every which way].
Unowned-de 1gagweh (dayh!-gaw-gwenh); [Lit. its not claimed].
Unpaid (its)- de 1 gaganya 1goh (dayh!-gaw-gaw-nyah!-gonh).
Unpopular (issue)- gaiwa:yendoh (guy-wah-yehn-donh); [Lit. hit with words].
Unpredictable- adi 1gwah shoh tewo:je: 1 (ah-deeh!-gwah--shonh--tenh-wonh-
jayh!); [Lit. its not known what it will do].
Unprepared - do 1 odehsa 1oh (doh!-oh-day-sawh!-onh); [Lit. its not ready].
Unpretentious- de 1we:h (dayh!-wayh); [Lit. its unassuming].
Unprincipaled - de 1 tgaihwa:yei 1 (dayh!-tguy-waw-yay-eeh!).
Unproductive- de 1 wajesta 1 (dayh!-waw-jays-tawh!); [Lit. results in no growth].
Unprofitable- de 1wadesta 1 (dayh!-waw-days-tawh!); [Lit. results in no gain].
Unrecorded- de 1gayado 1 (dayh!-gaw-yaw-donh!); [Lit. its not written].
Unrelated- de 1wade:ino:g (dayh!-wah-denh-nong); [Lit. no kinship].
Unrelated - de 1jo:to 1 (dayh!-joh-tonh!); [Lit. different altogether].
Unrelenting- de 1weniheh (dayh!-wenh-nee-henh); [Lit. it doesn't stop].
-
Unrepentant- de 1jodate:weh (dayh!-joh-daw-tay-wenh); [Lit. it has not repented].
Unreported- de 1wahtsowi:h (dayh!-wah-chooh-weeh); [Lit. it hasn't been told of].
Unrest (worry)- we 1nigoe:ye:do:s (wenh!-nee-goh-enh-yenh-dohs); [Lit. the mind
sways back and forth].
Unripe-de 1odawihsa 1oh (dayh!-oh-daw-weeh-sah!-onh); [Lit. still immature].
Unripe fruit - de 1oyaih (dayh!-oh-yaw-eeh); [Lit. green fruit].
Unruly (children) - denoto:da:s (denh-non-tonh-daws); [Lit. they don't listen].
Unsent- de 1wadenye:doh (dayh!-wah-denh-nyay-donh).
Unstitched -de 1ga 1niko 1 (dayh!-gawh!-neeh-konh!).
Unsaid- de 1 we:h (dayh!-wenh).
Unsalted- de 1 gakike 1dohga:h (dayh!-gaw-jeeh-kayh!-doh-gawh).
a e o
-
Seneca Language Teacher's. Dictionary 333
Unsanitary- otgi' (oh-tgeeh!); [Lit. dirty].

Unscheduled- de1wenishahgeya:d (dayh!-wenh-nees-hah-genh-yawd); [Lit.no
date].
-- Unsealed- gajiodagweh (gaw-jee-oh-daw-gwenh); [Lit. opened].

Unseasoned- de1gaga 1ohsyoni:h (dayh!-gaw-gawh!-onh-shonh-neeh); [Lit. it has
- not been made to be tasty].

Unsecured- de'gasheon (dayh!-gaws-heh-ohn); [Lit. not tied].
Unseen- de 1gage:h (dayh!-gaw-genh); [Lit. it has not been seen].
-- Unselfish- do 1 onosde 1 (doh!-oh-nohs-dayh!); [Lit. generous].
Unsettled (its)- do 1oya 1 dae 1he 1oh (doh!-oh-yawh!-daw-enh!-hayh!-onh).
Unshod- da 1 deyoehso:oh (dawh!-day-yoh-enh-soh-ohn); [Lit. it has no shoes on].
Unsifted (its)-de 1wawahgoh (dayh!-waw-wah-gonh).
Unsmiling (its)- do 1 oyondi:h (doh!-oh-yohn-deeh).
Unsociable- ohsawe:e' (oh-sah-wayh!); [Lit. its fearful of strangers].
- Unsorry - de 1 ohsehseh (dayh!-oh-senh-sayh); [Lit. its unregretful] .
Unspecified - de 1yo:wo:n (dayh!-yonh-wohn); [Lit. it hasn't been appointed].
-,
Unspoken- de 1we:h (dayh!-wenh); [Lit. it has not been said].
- Unspotted (dot)-de 1 ohjahgwa: 1 (dayh!-oh-jah-gwawh!); [Lit. a clear field].
Unspotted (seen)- de 1gage:h (dayh!-gaw-genh); [Lit it has not been seen].
Unsteady- deyoendo:s (day-yoh-enh-donhs); [Lit. its swaying back and forth].
Unstoppable (its)- da 10:sawenihe:' (dah!-onh-saw-wenh-nee-henh!).
Unsuccessful - da•ayosgastet (dawh!-ah-yos-gaws-tayt); [Lit. just won't work!].
.......
Unsuccessful- de 1 odoge: 10:' (dayh!-oh-doh-genh-onh!); [Lit. its still unclear].
Untaught (its been)- de 1gayesdani:h (dayh!-gaw-yenhs-daw-neeh).
Untidy- de 1wahgwi 1ho 1 (dayh!-wah-gweeh!-honh!); [Lit. nothings picked up].
- Until- hehniyowe' (hay-nee-yoh-wayh!).
Untold- de1watsowi:h (dayh!-wah-choh-weeh); [Lit. it has not been said].
- Untried- de 1wadeno 1geahdoh (dayh!-waw-denh-nonh!-gay-ah-donh).

-- Untrue (lie) - de 1 doges (dayh!-doh-gays).

ONONDOWA1GA: 1 GAWE:NO'
Ununderlined- de1tga 1syo:h (dayh!-tgawh!-shonh); [Lit. it has not been lined].

Unused (its)- de1waja 1dahgoh (dayh!-waw-jah!-dah-gonh).
Unwanted - da 1 deyode:jonih (dawh!-day-yoh-denh-jonh-neeh); [Lit. rejects it].
Unwashed (its been)- de 1ganowaeh (dayh!-gaw-noh-waw-aye)
Unwearable- de 10:ja 1dahgwa 1 (dayh!-onh-jah!-dah-gwah!); [Lit. not fit to wear].
Unwed (single) - de 1 onyagoh (dayh!-oh-nyaw-gonh); [Lit. not married].
Unwed (divorced)- deswadehkahso:h (days-waw-dayh-kawh-sonh); [Lit. there
has been a separation].
Unweeded- de 1ga1eohdogweh (dayh!-gawh!-aye-oh-doh-gwenh).
Unwilling - do 1ogayes (doh!-oh-gaw-yenhs); [Lit. it doesn't want-to].
Unworkable (its) - da 1awadio:ni 1 (dawh!-ah-waw-dee-onh-neeh!)
Unworn- de1waja1doh (dayh!-wah-jah!-donh); [Lit. its been unused].
Unwrapped (its not)- de 1ga 1hotso:h (dayh!-gawh!-hoh-chohn).
Unwrinkled- de 1jodosgwi:h (dayh!-joh-donhs-gweeh); [Lit. its now straightened].
Unwritten - de 1 gayado 1 (dayh!-gaw-yaw-donh!).
Up- hetgeh (hay-tgenh).
Up hill (its going)- onondokda:je 1 (oh-nohn-dok-daw-jayh!).
Upkeep- dega:snye 1 (day-gaws-nyayh!); [Lit. its taken care of].
Upward mobility - he 1tgeh otgi:sdo:je 1 (hayh!-tgenh--oh-tgees-donh-jayh!); [Lit.
it is steadily moving upward].
Upon - gae: 1 (gaw-eyh!).
Upper-hetge:gwah (hayh!-tgenh-gwah).
Upright- ganyo:d (gaw-nyod); [Lit. standing].
Uproot (you)- e:se1hontgo 1 (enh-sayh!-hohn-tgoh!); [Lit. you up and leave].
Uproot (move)- 0 1wenoga:go 1 (oh!-wenh-nonh-giih-goh!); [Lit. roots escape].
Uprooted (tree, etc.)- ode 1hontgweh (oh-dayh!-hohn-gwenh).
Uprooted stump - 0 1hotga: 1 (oh!-honh-tgah!).
Up side down- ga 1no:esho:d (gawh!-noys-hoad).
Up stairs- jonogdahne:d Goh-nong-daw-nayd); [Lit. at the next level].

Upward (going)- hetgeh wa1aweno:je1 (hay-tgenh--wawh!-ah-way-nonh-jayh!)

Urea- oheo:sa1 (oh-hay-oh-sawh!)
Urged (he)- hagoe:je:0 1 (haw-gonh-ayh-jenh-onh!); [Lit. he encourages them].
Urgent- oiwage:yatgeh (oh-eeh-wah-genh-yawt-gayh); [Lit. a priority].
Urinary bladder (Anat.) - gahe:o:dahgwa1 (gah-henh-onh-daw-gwah!)
Urinate (it needs to -)- ohe:no:wo:s (oh-henh-nonh-wonhs).
Urinate (had needed to -)- tsiyobe:no:wo:s (cheeh-yoh-henh-nonh-wonhs).
Urinates '-- waja:ges (wah-jaw-gays); [Lit. it urinates].
Urine- oheo:sa1 (oh-hay-oh-sawh!).
Ursa major ( big dipper) - nyagwai 1 hashe1 (nyaw-gwah-eeh!--hawhs-hayh!); [Lit.
....... he's chasing a bear].

---. Ursa minor ( little dipper) {Seneca unknown as yet}
Us, me- i (eeh!) or ni 1 (neeh!). Objective Pronoun: Singular/Dual/Plural (Inclusive)
1
Used- wa:ja 1dahgoh (wah-jah!-dah-gonh).

Useful- gasdak (gaws-dawk); [Lit. good for something].
Using - waja 1 ta1 (wah-jah!-tawh!); [Lit. it uses].
- Useless- de1ga:sdak (dayh!-gaws-dawk); [Lit. good for nothing).
Usually..- ge:s (genhs). {P}
Usually in excess- s0 1 jih-ge:s (soh!-jeeh-genhs). {C..,P}
Usually when- ganyo1-ge:s (gaw-nyoh!-genhs). {C-P}
Usher- hago1jo:o• (hah-gonh!-jonh!); [Lit. he seats them].
Uterus (Anat.)- gawiyada:gwa 1 (gaw-wee-ya-daw-gwah!); [ Lit. it holds the
embryo].
..... Utilized- waja 1dahgoh (wah-jah!-dah-gonh); [Lit. used].

Utmost- ogohso:d (oh-gonh-soad).
V
Vacant - aosga1ah (ah-oh-sgawh!-awh); [Lit. nothing in it].
Vacant house - onososga 1ah (oh-noh-sos-sgawh!-awh); [Lit. empty house].
- Vaccination - ganohgwa1syo:dahoh (gaw-nonh-gwah!-shohn-daw-honh); [Lit. a
.....
Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 336 \ia.,
ONONDOWA1 GA:' GAWE:Nb• \.,.
'-
medicine has been put in]. '--
Vagrant- odeste 10:je 1s (oh-denhs-tayh!-onh-jayh!-s); [Lit.going about in poverty].
It.,
Vague- do 1oiwaye:de:d (doh!-oh-eeh-waw-yenh-dayd); [Lit. it doubtful]. '- ·

'.,;
Vain - oda:ja 1danoohgoh (oh-daw-jawh!-daw-no-onh-gonh); [Lit. self-pride].
~
Valid - doges (doh-gays); [Lit. truth]. ....
Villages (random) - ogwahgweo:nyo 1 (onh-gwah-gweh-onh-nyonh!); [Lit. our ~ ;,
scattered settlements]. Senecas, as well as other Nations lived in longhouse '-

settlements scattered throughout territories. '-'
Valley-yoahgo:h (yoh-ah-gonh); [Lit. in the low lands]. '-
\..
Valuable- gano:ohgoh (gawh-no-onh-gonh); [Lit. treasured].
~
Value-negano:0 (nay-gaw-no-onh!); [Lit. at what cost].
1
'-'
Vandalized - gaiwentweh (guy-when-twenh); [Lit. destroyed]. '-'
Vandalized house - gano:saiwentweh (gaw-nonh-saw-eeh-when-twenh). \a.
Vanished - ohdo 1oh (oh-donh!-onh). '-
Variation - ta1jO'de 1 (tawh!-joh!-denh!). '-
Varies - dewajesdoh (day-waw-jays-donh). "-'
'-'
Various- degayesdoh (day-gaw-yays-donh).
~
Variety - ta 1jo 1de 1 (tawh!-joh!-denh!); [Lit. different types of things].
'-
Vase- aweo' yeahgwa' (ah-wenh-onh!--yay-ah-gwah!). "-'
Veal-ojista 1tsa 1 o•wa: 1 (oh-jees-tawhl-chawh!); [Lit. meat from young beef calf]. '-'
Veered (off)- o•wata:go' (oh!-waw-tgaah-goh!). It.
Vegetables -gaendago:ka: 1 (gaw-ehn-daw-gonh-kawh!); [Lit. garden variety]. '-"

Vehicle-ga•sehda 1 (gawh!-sayh-dayh!).
'-'
Veil -oda 1e:oh - (oh-daw!-ayh-ohn). source of winds. ---
Veil -yondosowe:ta 1 (yonh-doh-soh-wayg-tahl).
Veiled (F)- goda 1e:oh (goh-dawh!-ayh-onh). Re: baby veiled at birth.
Veiled (M) hoda 1e:oh (hoh-dawh!-ayh-onh). Re: baby veiled at birth.
Veins (Anat.)-oji:nyowo 1da 1 (oh-jeeh-nyonh-wonh!-dawh!).
Veneral disease- goji:gwes (gog-jeeh-gwenhs).

ONONDOWA'GA:' GAWE:NO·
337
Venison- neoge' o•wa:• (nay-oh-genh!--oh!-wah!).

Venom - otgo' (oh-tgonh!).
Ventriloquist - hadweno•ya:s (haw-dwenh-noh!-yaws); [Lit. he throws his voice].
Verbose (he) - hoi:we:s (hoh-eeh-ways); [Lit. his long talk].
....... Versailles, NY- Gasde:go:h (gaws-denh-gonh); [Lit. in the gorge].
Vertebra (Anat.) - dega•neya•hondo• (day-gawh!-nay-yawh!-hohn-donh!); [Lit.
connected bones].
Vertebra prominens (7th) (Anat.) - onyo•gwa' (oh-nyoh!-gwawh!); [Lit. nut].
-- Vertical- gada:je 1s (gaw-daw-jayh!-s); [Lit. it stands].
........
Very- agwas (aw-gwas).
Very Important Person- hahsenowa:neh (hah-shenh-no-waw-nenh); [Lit. his big
- name].
Very soon-jigwas-shoh Gee-gwas-shonh). {C-P}
- Vest - gashowesha• (gaws-hoh-ways-shah!).
Veterinarian-- gashene 1 hade:je•s (gaws-hay-nenh!--haw-day-jenh-s); [Lit.
animal--he takes care of].
Vice President- Shono•ne:d (shoh-nonh!-nayd); [Lit. next level].
Victor, NY- Ganondage:n (gaw-non-daw-gehn); [Lit. white mountain]
- Victory- watgwe:nyo:h (waw-tgway-nyonh).

Vigil- weno:os (wenh-nonh-onhs); [Lit. its closely attending].
Village- ganodagwehda:• (gaw-nohn-denh-dawh!); [Lit. town laid out]
Villages- ganonda:geo' (gaw-nohn-daw-gay-onh!)
Vindictive - desgaya•se• (days-gaw-yawh!-sayh!); [Lit. doubled]
Vine- ojawohsa 1 (oh-jaw-wonh-sawh!).
Vine (creeping) - watohji 1syohs (waw-tonh-jeeh!-shonhs).
Vinegar- deyo:nega:yo•jis (day-yoh-yoh!-jees); [Lit. bitterness].
Violet- wadenya•ja's (waw-day-nyah!-jawh!-s); [Lit. its head comes off].
Violin- ga•no:wa• (gawh!-no-wawh!); [Lit. meaning unknown]. Cultural Tip:
this instrument was 1 of 4 evils brought by the Europeans and condemned by
-
Key:. a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on
the inhabitants of Turtle Island as an item of evilness, as prophesied.

Virginia cowslip (bluebell) - gaswagaide' (gawh-swah-guy-ee-dayh!; [Lit. it has a
crooked side].
Virtuous - godado:gweh (go-daw-donh-gwayh); [Lit. she respects herself].
Visible - o:gent (oh-gent); [Lit. its clear], easily seen, transparent.
Visible row (of sprouts)- oa:yede:d (oh-ah-yenh-dayd).
Visit (brief) - ho'watsi'gwa:to' (hoh!-waw-cheeh!-gwaw-toh!); [Lit. it went there
briefly, left, and went on].
Visiting - ojo'se:h (oh-jonh!-sayh); [Lit. it is visiting].
Visitors- honojo'se:h (hoh-nonh-jonh!-sayh); [Lit. they are visiting].
Visits (it) - wajo'seh (waw-jonh!-sayh!); [Lit. he visited].
Vitality - agyoshaniyehgoh (ah-gonh-shah-nee-yenh-gonh); [Lit. it strengthens my
being].
Vocal cords (Anat.) - gaweno' osha:de:nyo' (gaw-wenh-nonh!--ohs-hah-day-
nyonh!); [Lit. voice--cords].
Vocalizing- odi'sta: 1 (oh-deeh!-stawh!); [Lit. it is speaking].
Voice - gawe:no' (gaw-wenh-nonh!).
Voice box (Anat.) - yewenonda:gwa 1 (yay-wenh-nonh-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. where
the voice is kept].
Voice (modulated)- oweno: 1deoh (oh-wenh-noh!-deh-onh); [Lit. in a soft, quiet,
gentle voice].
Voice (frail) - deyowenondi:yo:n (day-yoh-wen-nonh-dee-yohn); [Lit. the voice is
strained]. This condition occurs in weakened, frail persons.
Voice (shrill) - owa'da:ded (oh-wah!-daw-dayd); [Lit. loud,shrill voice].
-
Voices (their) - honondi1sta: 1 (ho-non-deeh!-stawh!); [Lit. many are speaking].
Voices (few) - honodi'steonyo 1 (ho-non-deeh!-stenh-oh-nyonh!); [Lit. a few are
speaking].
Voices (many)- ti:gai1sta: 1 (tee-guy-eeh!-stawh!); [Lit. many are speaking loudly,
-
at once].

Voices (many, loud)-tigai 1stahnohoh (tee-guy-eeh!-staw-nonh-honh); [Lit. a

roomful of many, loud voices speaking at once].
- Volunteered - wa:toga:nyak (waw-tonh-gaw-nyak:); [Lit. he took it on].
Volunteers- henonjenowo 1seh (henh-noh-jenh-noh-wonh!-sayh); [Lit. they are
helpers].
Vomiting - onya 1gwaoh (oh-nyah!-gwa-onh); [Lit. it is throwing up].
Vote- gayadoshehdoh ( gaw-yaw-donhs-hehn-donh); [Lit. the paper is dropped
in]. This definition is from a time when paper ballots were used up to the '70s as
--- opposed to the voting booths used today. The Seneca word is still used.
Voters- hadiyadoshenta 1 (haw-dee-yaw-donhs-hehn-tawh!); [Lit. they are
dropping in the paper( s)].
--- Vulgar language - oihwatgi 1 (oh-ee-wawd-tgeeh!); [Lit. dirty words].

w
Ww - 14th consonant in the Seneca Alphabet, pronounced as w, as in we, was
- Waded- ho 1diswa:denye:doh (hoh!-dees-wah-day-nyen-doh); [Lit. you put your
shins in water].
-.
Wading- deyode 1sgo:oh (day-yoh-dayh!-skoh-onh); [Lit. it is wading].
Wag (tail)- ho 1 dwenihgaendoh (hoh!-dwenh-neeh-gah-enh-donh); [Lit. it wagged
its tail].
Wagging (its tail)- deyonihgae:ndo:h (day-yoh-neeh-gah-enh-donh).
- Wages earned- hotga:nyakgi:h (hoh-tgaw-nyak:-geeh); [Lit. he got paid].
Wage earner- hai:wagwe:nyohs (haw-ee-waw-gway-nyonhs); [Lit. he earns].
Wager- gaye:da 1 (gaw-yen-dawh!); [Lit. a betting game].
Wagon- ga'sehdaniyo:n (gawh!-sayh-dawh-nee-yohn); [Lit. attached vehicle]. At
one time wagons and such were attached to teams of horses, oxen, mules.
Wagon train- dewade 1sehdaho:jo 1 (day-waw-dayh!-sayh-dawh!-honh-jonh!);
[Lit. vehicles end to end].
Wahoo - oshaisda1 o:yon (ohs-haw-ees-dawh!--oh-yohn); [Lit. snake berry].
.......
Waist (Anat.) - de:sya 1ja 1goh (day-shawh!-jawh!-gonh), [Lit. at half of your body].

Wait (you) - seno•ge:ad (senh-nonh!-gay-ad).

Wait (I will - for you) - ego:yeno 1 ge:ad (enh-gonh-yenh-nonh!-gay-ad).
Waiter- hakwaeha 1 (haw-kwa-ayh-hawh!); [Lit. he serves food].
Waiting (it is)- ono 1geahdoh (oh-nonh!-gay-ah-donh).
Waiting (I am tired of-) - aknohdohs (ah-knonh-donhs); [Lit. I'm tired of waiting].
Waitress -yekwaeha 1 (yay-kwa-ayh-hawh!); [Lit. she serves food].
Wake (vigil) - degahehdoh (day-gah-henh-donh); The traditional funeral requires
certain protocal, the opposite moiety of the deceased select 2 members and of
the same sex as the deceased to sit in wake from midnight to daybreak when the
speaker officially releases them of their duty.
Wake (from sleep) - 0 1 ga:yeh (oh!-gaw-yayh); [Lit. it became awake].
Wakeful- de•oda•was (dayh!-oh-dawh!-waws); [Lit. it can not sleep].
Wake (him)-hehsyed (hayh-shay-d); [Lit. wake him up].
Walk (you)- desata:ak (day-saw-taw-ak); [Lit. you walk].
Walk { old version} desata•ak (day-saw-tawh!-awk); [Lit. lift your foot].
Walked (you)- desata:hgweh (day-saw-tawh-gwenh); [Lit. you have walked].
Walking (about)- deonondawenye:h (day-oh-non-daw-wen-nyay); [Lit. they are
walking around].
Walking stick- o:gweh (onh-gwayh); [Lit. named 'person' in resemblance].
Wall - gehsa:de• (genh-saw-dayh!).
Wall paper- deyotsadoshahne:dahgwa• (day-yon-choh-donhs-hah-nay-dawh-
. gwah!); [Lit. used for layering with paper].
Walnut, black- jo:nyo•gwa:k Goh-nyoh!-gwak)
Wampum- gaji:sda 1 (gaw-jees-dawh!); [Lit. ember, light].
Wampum bead- oye:e• (oh-yenh!). Cultural tip: wampum beads were tubular,
--
made from purple and white quahog shells.
Wampum (invitation)- ganyo•sga:• (gaw-nyonh!-sgah!); Cultural tip: an invitation
wampum is a notched 2" stick, decorated with quahog shell tubes. Notches
indicate days prior to meeting.
a e
Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; as in at; as in end: 5 as in on
-
Wampum, main- gajisdaweni:yo1 (gaw-jees-dah-gwen-nee-yoh!); [Lit. the main

light/embers of Gaiwiyo:h is situated with the Tonawanda Senecas].
Wampum belt - gaswenta 1 (gahs-wen-tawh!).
Wampum keepers - honondi:wageo1 (ho-non-dee-waw-gay-onh!; [Lit. keepers
of messages].
Wampum string - otgo1a1 (oht-goh!ah.!). Each Nation has its own special string The
Seneca is represented with 4 strings tied together, 2 purple beads alternating with 2
white beads.
- Wandering (it is) - deyoda:we:nye:h (day-yoh-daw-when-nyay).
Wandering aimlessly (its)- o:de:je1s (oh-denh-jayh!-s).
Wandering milk weed- sgaji:wa:k (sgah.-jee-wawk).
Want (I)- dewagade:jonih (day-wah-gaw-denh-joh-neeh).
-- Wanted (I) - dewagade:joni:ak (day-wah-gaw-denh-joh-neeh-awk).

Wants (it)- deyode:jonih (day-yoh-denh-joh-neeh).
Wants (it - to)- i:we:h (eeh-wayh).
War - wadi:yo:h (wawh-deeh-yoh); [Lit. there's fighting].
War (going to)- waehno:diyosha 1 (wah-enh-nonh-deeh-yos-hah.!); [Lit. they went
-
- to fight].
War (they made) - henohdiyosgwa 1 (henh-nonh-dee-yos-gwawh!); [Lit. they used
to fight].
- War club - gaji:wa 1 (gaw-jeeh-wawh!).
War dance - wasa:she (waw-saw-sayh).
- War dance (doing the) - waeneni1 je: 1 (waw-enh-nenh-neeh!-jayh!)
Warden- hagoyatgae:yo: 1 (haw-gonh-yaw-tgaw-enh-yonh!); [Lit. he watches
them].
- Warfare- wadiyo:h (wah-deeh-yoh).

Warm (weather)- one:no1 (oh-nay-nonh!).
Warm (clothing) - ohda 1 no:we:h (oh-dawh!-nonh-wenh).
- Warmed over- swa 1daeya 1doh (swah!-dah-ayh-yawh!-donh).
-
-
Warmer (weather)- onenohje' (oh-nay-nonh-jayh!)

Warming ( myself)- agadonte1 doh (ah-gaw-donh-tayh!-donh).
Warm temp- one:no' (oh-nay-nonh!)
Warm up (you)- sado:tet (saw-donh-tayt) [warm yourself].
Warm rain- osdada:yeh (ohs-dah-daw-yenh).
Warmed - dagahswi:ne:d (daw-gaws-wee-nayd).
Warmed (food) - swa 1 daiya 1 doh (swah!-daw-ayh-yah!-donh)
Warming (themselves) - honondo:te1 doh (hoh-nohn-donh-dayh!-donh). '-"
i...
Warming trend - o:neno:je1 (oh-nay-nonh-jayh!). ._
Warm night - ohsondane:no' (oh-sohn-daw-nay-nonh!). \a,
Warren, Pa. - Ganowogo:h (gaw-nonh-wonh-gonh); [Lit. in the rapids].
'--
Warrior- hosge'egehdoh (hohs-genh!-enh-gayh-donh). '-,,;
Warrior (great)- hosge1egehdo:gowa:h (hohs-genh!-enh-gayh-donh-goh-wah). '-'

Wart- onohi1 ga:d (oh-nonh-heeh!-haad) '-
~
Wart (I have)- akohi1 ga:d (ah-knonh-heeh!-gaah)
\a,
Wary- osha:e1 (ohs-haw-ayh!). ._
Wash (you)- snowae:h (snoh-waw-ayh). \.;
Wash bowl - yontgosowa:1 dahgwa 1 (yohn-gonh-soh-wah!-daw-gwah!); [Lit. used ._
for washing the face]. '-'
Wash cloth - yontgosowa1 dahgwa' ga:ehda:1 (yohn-gonh-soh-wah!-daw-gwah! '-'
\.-
gaw-enh-daah!).
Washington , DC - Hanodaganyasgeh (haw-non-daw-gaw-nyaws-gayh); [Lit. at '--
the town destroyer's place] referring to the first US President, George
'-'
Washington who ordered the destruction of Eastern Nations who did not support
his wars.
Washed- ganowaeh (gaw-noh-wah-eyh).
Washing floor (I am)- knesjowae:s (knays-joh-waw-ayhs).
Washing machine - ganowae1hoh (gaw-noh-wah-eyh!-honh).
Washout- onowaeh (oh-noh-waw-ayh); [Lit. eroded by water].

Wasp- gaga1steonih (gaw-gawh!-stenh-onh-neeh); [Lit.it makes mud].

Was said ... - gyo 1oh (gyonh!-onh).
Wasted - wajehsahdoh (waw-jayh-sawh-donh)
Wasted (my words)-ho1 gadiwa:je:sad (hoh!-gaw-dee-waw-jay-sawd).
Wasting disease -ga:ha:etge 1 (gaw-hah-ayd-tgenh!); [Lit. terrible disease]. This
disease was once referred to tuberculosis, a long debilitating terminal disease;
- which could now be referred to diabetis, and cancer.

Watch (you)- satgaeyo:h (saw-tgaw-enh-yonh); [Lit.you put your eye on it].
Watch for it! - esatgaeyo:1 (enh-sah-tgaw-enh-yonh!); [Lit. keep your eye on it!]..
- Watch it! - sashaek ! (saws-haw-ayk).

Water- oneganos (oh-nay-gaw-nohs).
- Water - onegitgehso 1 (oh-nay-gee-tgenh-sonh!); [Lit. where waters run].

Cultural Tip: In the Gano:nyog (Thanks Giving Address) is a section in
reference to the waters on earth, respect and gratitude is extended to the rivers,
- streams, lakes and oceans for their life giving properties to the water life, and
- needs of the people.

Water bird/English unknown- shaga:neh (shaw-gaw-nenh) { smaller than crow,
....... found in swampy areas}
Water (boiling) - oneganyaes (oh-nay-gaw-nyenhs).
Water (clear)- onegiyo:h (oh-nay gee-yoh).
Water (cold)- onegano:h (oh-nay-gaw-noh).
- Water (dirty)- onegatgi 1 (oh-nay-gaw-tgeeh!).
Water - (it fell into) - 01ga1 sgot (oh!-gawh!-sgoh!-t)
- Water (heater) - ganegadaiya 1ta 1 (gaw-nay-gaw-daw-eeh-yawh!-twah!)
Water (hot)- onegadae:ye:h (oh-nay-gaw-daw-enh-yenh).
Water (get into) - sade 1sgoh (saw-dayh!-sgoh).
Water (get out of) - sade 1 sgo:goh (saw-dayh!-sgoh-goh).
Water (go dip)- sejendo:noh (say-jenh-donh-nonh). This term reflects an earlier
-..
time when water had to be gotten by dipping form natural sources. When water
......
ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO' ---
~
._
pumps came to use, the term was applied to the pumping action. '-'
Water (polluted) -onegatgo' (oh-nay-gaw-tgonh!); [Lit. poisoned water]. '--'
\r
Water (purifier) - ganegiyosta' (gaw-nay-gee-yos-tawh!); [Lit. it makes water ._
good]. ._.
Water (pump)- gahjenta' (gaw-jehn-tawh!); [Lit. it dips up]. ~
Water (softener) - ganegao1desta 1 (gaw-nay-gaw-oh!-denhs-tawh!). '-'

Water (warm)- onegano:we:h (oh-nay-gaw-nonh-wenh). \a...
\...
Water drum- ga'nohgo:oh (gawh!-nonh-goh-onh); [Lit. covered drum].
~
Water falls - jotgo'sendoh (jod-tgonh!-senh-donh); [Lit. water coming down].
'-,.
Water front (lake)-ga:nega:e' (gaw-nay-gaw-ayh!); [Lit. water laid on top].
'"-'
Water hemlock- 0 nohse:e (oh!-nonh-senh-enh!).
1 1
~
Water line (depth)- neyonode:s (nay-yoh-noh-days); [Lit. how deep it is]. t.,,
Water logged- ojino:wa 1 (oh-jeeh-noh-wawh!).

Watermelon - onyosatgos (oh-nyonh-saw-tgonhs); [Lit. raw squash].
""
~
.._
Water moccasin- hano:doh (haw-nonh-donh).
\a.
Water proof - da 1deyaogosgo:h (dawh!-day-yah-onh-gos-gonh!); [Lit. doesn't get --.
wet].
'-'
Water Purification Plant -t'ganegiyosta'geh (tgaw-nay-gee-yos-tawh!-gayh); [Lit. ...
where water is made good/clear]. '-'
Water snake - hano:doh (haw-nonh-donh). ~
Water the plants- snego:sah (snay-goh-sah); [Lit. you water the plants]. "-
-.,.,
Waters - ganegeonyo 1 (gaw-nay-genh-onh-nyonh!). Refers to puddles, ponds;lakes.
I..,
Waters (plants)- ho 1ganego:sah (hoh!-gaw-nay-gog-sah). Refers to rain. ~
Waves (hand) - 01 wenisohdonda:t (oh!-wenh-nees-oh-donh-dawt).

'-"
,_
Waves (water)- odo 1daonyo 1 (oh-doh!-daw-onh-nyonh!).
Waving (I am- it)- a:gendo:h (ah-gehn-donh). '-"
~
Waving (in the wind) - deyode:de 1 (day-yoh-denh-dayh!).
Wax - osowa 1da 1 (oh-soh-wah!-dawh!). '-'
'-'
We - 1, (eeh!); Ni• (neeh!) - Objective Pronoun
~
-
'We will see each other again' - dejihnyadade:ge 1 ae1 (deng-jeeh-nyaw-daw-day-

genh!--ah-ayh!).
Weak - de1ga 1hasde1 (dayh!-gawh!-haws-dayh!); [Lit. its not strong].
Weakened- de 1sga 1hasde 1 (dayh!-sgah!-haws-dayh!); [Lit. its no longer strong].
Weak minded (it) - do 10 1nigoehni:yoh (doh!-oh-nee-gonh-enh-nee-yonh).
Wealthy- otgano:ni:h (oh-tgaw-nonh-neeh); [Lit. it is rich].
Wealth- otgano:ni 1sha 1 (oh-tgaw-nonh-nees-hah!).
-- Weaned (it has ) - ono 1gwa:tga 1weh (oh-nonh!-gwah-tgawh!-wenh); [Lit. it has
given up the milk].
Weapon - yondiyosdahgwa' (yonh-dee-yos-dah-gwah!); [Lit. to fight with].
Wear (you) - sa:ja•dak (saw-jah!-dawk); [Lit. you use it].
Wearing- o:ja 1doh (oh-jah!-donh); [Lit. its using it].
Weariness - w_a:tsenta1 (waw-chehn-tawh!); [Lit. it gets tired].
- Weary (I am) - agatsendoh ( ah-gah-chehn-donh); [Lit. lam tired].

Weary (its) - o:tsendoh (oh-chehn- donh); [Lit. its tired].
Weasel- hano:go:d (haw-nonh-goad).
Weather- ne-wenisyo•de:h (nay-wenh-nees-showh!-denh); [Lit. kind of day].
Weatherized- dewadoe:ko 1 (day-waw-doh-ayh-konh!).
- Web (spider)- oda 1a:do 1 (oh-dah!-ah-donh!).

Wedding (to be) - eowodi:wania:de• (enh-onh-wonh-dee-waw-nee-yah-denh!);
- [Lit. they will firm up the words for them].
Wednesday- Ha 1dewendaeh (hawh!-day-wenh-dah-enh); [Lit. half way---].
Wednesday- seh wenishade 1 (senh--wenh-nees-hah-dayh!); [Lit. day three].
- Weeds (tall) - oyo:wo' (oh-yonh-wonh!).
Weeds- 0 1eohda:tgi 1 (oh!-ayh-oh-daw-tgeeh!); [Lit. bad grasses].
Weedy- odi 1eohda:nyos (oh-deeh!-ayh-oh-daw-nyohs); [Lit. weeds killing plants].
Week - no 1dewadodae 1 (nonh!-day-waw-donh-daw-ayh!); [Lit. during the week].
- Weep (she will) - eyosdae' (enh-yohs-daw-enh!).
Weeping (it is)- wasda:ha 1 (waws-daw-hawh!).
-
Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 346 ._,
ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO' '-'
'-'
Wedged- dewahsi:ya: 1 (day-wawh-see-yawh!). \..
Weft element- yotwadase:ta 1 (yonh-twah-daw-sayh-tawh!).

,_
Weight (its)- ni-yo:sde 1 (nee-yos-dayh!).
'-'
I,_
Weightless- do 10:sde 1 (doh!-ohs-dayh!); [Lit. not heavy]. ~
Weighty - osde 1 (ohs-dayh!). ~
Weird - adi 1gwagwas (aw-deeh!-gwa-gwas); [Lit. seems strange]. '-'

Well (water)- ganego:d (gaw-nay-goad). \a.,
t.,.
Well, - sot, (sow-t).
Well being- sgeno' (sgenh-nonh!).
'--
\..
Well done (effort)- dwadeyeosdoh (dwaw-day-yenh-onhs-donh). ._,
Well done (food)- owihji:weh (oh-weeh-jee-wenh). ....
Well flavored- gago 1ohsyo:ni:h (gaw-gonh!-oh-shonh-neeh). '-'
Wellness- yohiyo:h (honh-hee-yoh); [Lit. its in good health]. ~
West- hegahgwe•sgwah (hay-giih-gwenh!-sgwah); [Lit. toward the setting sun] 'la.
Western- hegahgwe•sgeono' (hay-giih-gwenh!-sgay-oh-nonh!); [Lit. person from '-'

'-
the west].
~
Westward- hegahgwe 1sgwah (hay-giih-gwenh!-sgwah); [Lit. toward the setting ~
sun]. ~
Wet- deyaogo:h (day-yonh-goh). ~
Wet land- gaehdo 1 (gaw-enh-doh!).

c,,..
\i..,
Wetting- deyao:gos (day:-yaw-onh-gohs).
'-'
What ?- de 1 eh? (denh!�enh). ..,,
What ? (unheard)- he:h ? (henh). {expression} \-.
What for?- de 1eh-gowah ? (denh!-enh-goh-wawh). {C-P} ~
Whatever- ga:nyo 1 -sho:h (gaw-nyoh!-shonh).
What is it?-de1eh-na10:d ? (denh!-enh-nah!-od) {C-P}
{C-P}
-
Wheel - e1nisga 1 (enh!-nees-giih!).
Wheel (turning) - ode 1nisga:gahado:je 1 (oh-denh!-nees-giih-gaw-haw-donh-jayh!).
Wheelbarrow- sga:d we 1nisgeon (sga:d--wenh!-nees-genh-ohn); [Lit. 1 wheel].

- Wheelbarrow - deyohjaha 1 (day-yonh-jaw-hawh!); [Lit. its to be pushed].
Wheeze -deyo:shahsi:ya: seh ( day...:yohs-hah-see-yah!-sayh); [Lit. it choking on
1
- its breath].
When - ganyo 1 (gaw-nyoh!).
When? -we:doh? (wenh-donh).
When its night - ganyo 1 eyo 1ga:h (gaw-nyoh!-enh-yoh!-gaah).
When its morning- ganyo 1 ejo:hent (enh-yoh-henh!-t).
When its time - ganyo 1-hega:e1 (gaw-nyoh!-henh-gaw-ayh!).
- Whenever- wendodi gwah (when-donh-deeh!-gwah).
1
Where - ho:weh (honh-wayh).

Where?- gawe:h? (gaw-way).
Where from- adi 1 gwah nejaweno:h (ah-deeh!-gwah-nay-jaw-way-nonh).
Wherever- adi 1 gwaoweh (ah-deeh!-gwaw-onh-wayh).
Whether- adi 1 gwah (ah-deeh!-gwah).
Whet stone� yega:hiyosda 1 (yay-gaw-hee-yohs-dah-gwah!); [Lit. used for
sharpening].
Which?- gaeni:ga: 1 ? (guy-nee-gawh!).
Whichever- gatga:1 niga: 1 (gaw-tgawh!-nee-gawh!); [Lit. either one].
-. Which is ...- nege1 (nenh-genh!) {C-P}
Which way? - gawe:gwah? (gaw-way-gwawh).
- While- no 1we: 1 (nonh!-wayh!).
Whimpering - deyotsi do:n (day-yoh-cheeh!-dohn).
1
Whiny- deyotsi 1 do:n (day-yoh-cheeh!-dohn); [Lit. cheeping like a baby bird].

Whip (branch) - gahjohja 1 (gaw-jonh-jawh!). Cultural tip: old time parents, after
having told their children 1 st time to stop their mischief, the 2nd time splashing
water in the child's face, and on the 3rd time, to swipe across the calves with 3
red willow sticks, switches which the child is required to get for the parent's use.
- Whipping - wa:sohgwahwehsho (wah-soh-gwah-way-shonh!). This term means a
1
severe beating with leather strops, bull whips.
-.
ONONDOWA1 GA: 1 GAWE:Nb·
Whippoorwill- gwe 1go:nye 1 (gwenh!-go-nyenh!).

Whirlpool -onowonda:se:h (oh-nonh-wonh-daw-sayh); [Lit. circling water].
Whirl pool rapids - jonowonda:se:h (joe-nonh-wonh-daah-saay); [ Lit.water
circling there].
Whirls - weodenya1ta1 ( weh-onh-day-nyat-tah!); [Lit.it spins around].
Whirlwind- odada:se:h (oh-daah-dah-sayh); [Lit. the wind goes around].
Whirl wind - Shagojowehgo:wah (shaw-goh:.joh-wayh-goh-wawh).
Whiskers-ogostwVii1 (oh-gonhs-tweeh!-ah!).
Whiskers (he has) - dagostwi 1 0:d (dah-gonhs-tweeh!-od).
Whiskered (long)-gagostwi'e:s (gaw-gonhs-tweeh!-ays).
Whiskey- ganega1ha:sde 1 (gaw-nay-gawh!-haws-dayh!); [Lit. strong drink].
Whisper - ajeosgwa1 (ah-jenh-onh-sgwawh!).
Whispered (he)- wajeosgwaye: 1 (waw-jenh-onh-sgwawh-yenh!).
Whispering (females are)-odijeosgwahye 1 (oh-dee-jenh-onh-sgwawh-yenh!).
Whistled (he)- wanoga:eh (wah-nonh-guy).
Whistles- ganogaehyas (gaw-nonh-guy-yaws).
Whistling - gano:ga:h (gaw-nonh-gawh).
Whistling frogs - wadinogae:yohs (waw-dee-nonh-guy-yonh!-s).
White - gage:n (gaw-gehn). In general use today.
White - onowo•da 1e:' (oh-nonh-wonh!-dawh!-enh!). Another version.
White - nowo 1 dage:n (nonh-wonh!-daw-gehn). {as per W.Chafe, 1959 Alleg.}
White - nowu 1da1 a' as per J. Curtin 1896 (Cattaraugus)
White ash - ganyoh (gaw-nyonh). [tree suitable for pounding out basket splints].
White beans-osai 1 da:ge:n (oh-saw-eeh!-daw-gehn).
White Beaver Myth- noganyaa1goh (noh-gaw-nyaah!-gonh!).
White breasted hut-hatch-degeodeoho 1 (day-genh-onh-denh-ohn-honh!).
White cedar-deyoeda 1kwehad:ha 1t (day-yoh-enh-dah!-kwenh-hawt-hawh!-t)
White com-oneo:ge:n (oh-neh-onh-gehn).
White com gruel - oahgwahgi 1 (oh-ah-gwah-geeh!); [Lit. bread broth]. gruel is

--.
from the water in which com bread wheels are boiled, bits of com meal from the
wheels thicken the water, creating the gruel.
White effusion- osde:e 1 (ohs-denhl) {from rock banks, medicinal}
White hair (she has)- goge1 a:ge:n (goh-gayhl-aah-gehn).
White man- hanytViih (haw-nyoh!-onh).
White man's flute -wao1dasha 1 (waw-onh!-daws-hah!).
White oak - gaga 1da1 (gaw-gah!-hawh!); tree suitable for pounding out basket
splints.
White out (snow) - oshadago:h (ohs-haw-dah-gonh).
White rock - ga1sgwa:ge:n (gawh!-sgwah-gehn). Oral Tradition: it is said the
- Peace maker carved this stone for his canoe.

White roots - okdeage:n (oak�day-ah-gehn). White roots of peace ...
White savage- howogwe1deo:gweh (honh-wonh-gway!"denh-oh-gwenh); [Lit. they
adopted him]. Colonist's expression for any of their members who preferred to
live among their adoptive Native Nations.
White trillium - osigii'ii'ii: 1 (oh-see-gah!-ah!-aah!
White violet - gage:n wadenya 1ja 1s (gaw-gehn-waw-day-nyah!-jawh!-s).
Whitish- gagen-ab (gaw-gehn-ah).
Whittle (you) - sahgeo:goh (sah-gay-oh-goh).
Who ? - soh ? (sonh).
Whoever- soh-di 1gwah (sohn-deeh!-gwah).
Whole - heyogwe:goh (hay-yoh-gway-gonh); [Lit. all of it].
Whole communities - ganeohgwe:goh (gah-nenh-onh-gway-gonh).
Whole piece - oisdahgwe:goh (oh-ees-daw-gway-gonh).
-- Whole price - oga:gwe:goh (oh-gah-gway-gonh).

Whore - godadatge:0 1 (goh-daw-daw-tgay-onh!); [Lit. she sells herself].
Why? - de 1eh go:wa:h? (denh!-enh-goh-wawh). {C-P}
- Why (its) - ne1 -gaio:nih (nayh!-guy-onh-neeh). {C-P}
Wicked (it is) - oiwane1agoh (oh-eeh-waw-nayh!-ah-gonh).

Wickedness - gaihwane 1 aksha1 (guy-waw-nayh!-awk-shah!).

Wide- wada:gwen (waw-daw-gwenh-n).
Wide awake (it is)- oyehji:weh (oh-yayh-jee-wenh).
Widened-ho 1dwahdahgwai:d (hoh!-dwah-daw-gwa-eed).
Widens- wadagwenta, (waw-daw-gwehn-tawh!).
Wide face- gagohsahgwen (gaw-gonh-saw-gwehn).
Wide spread- weeh heyokda 1oh (way-enh-hay-yok-dah!-onh).
Width -newadagwen (nay-waw-daw-gwehn).
Wide road- oa:gwen (oh-ah-gwehn).
Wife (his)- ne:yo:' (nay-yoh!); [Lit. when one speaks of her, as his wife].
Wife (my)- kegehjih (kay-genh-jeeh); [Lit. my wife/significant other, the wise
one]. Equivalent to' my better half'.
Wife (his deceased)- yo 1 ge:o: 1 (yoh!-genh-onh!), [Lit. she was his wife].
Wife beater- hanohgwa:nogae's (haw-nonh-gwah-nonh-gaw-ayh!-s); [Lit. he's
abusive to his wife]. The practice of wife beating originated earlier than medival
times in Europe when women were regarded as servants.
Wild- ganyo:1 (gaw-nyoh!).
Wild animals- ganyo: 1dano:ge' (gaw-nyohl-daw-nonh-gayh!).
Wild black cherry- e:i 1 (ayh-eeh!).
Wild filbert - osdodi 1sha1 (ohs-doh-deeh!-shah!); [Lit. hazel nut].
Wild forget-me-not - genowehdahgwa' (genh-noh-wenh-dah-gwah!).
Wild geranium - ojisdahgwad (oh-jees-hah-gwad).
Wild ginger - osgwai da 1 (ohs-gwaih!-dawh!).
1
Wild grape - onyogwi 1sa' (oh-nyonh-gweeh!-sah!).

Wild onion - 0 nohsao 1 (oh!-nonh-saw-oh!).
1
Wild indigo (yellow)- yoda:yo 1ya:kta1 (yonh-daw-yoh!-yawk-tawh!).

Wild senny leaves- onehde:sos (oh-nenh-day-sonhs); [Lit. long leaves].
Wild strawberry- sesah ojisdoda 1sha1 (says-ah--oh-jees-daw-donh!-shah!).
Wild tobacco- oye 1gwa 10:weh (oh-yenh!-gwah!-onh-wayh).

Wild yarn - watohji 1syohs (waw-tonh-jeeh!-syonhs).

--
' Wilderness - ogahsontge:ah (oh-gah-sohn-tgay-ah).
Willing (it is) - oga:yehs (oh-gaw-yenhs).
--- Willing (they are) - hodiga:yes (hoh-dee-gaw-yenhs).
Willow (red) - gwehda 1 e: 1 osehda 1 (gwenh-dah-enh!--oh-sayh-dawh!).
Will-of-the-wisp - gahaih (gaw-haw-eeh).
Wilting flowers - weogesta 1 (wenh-onh-genhs-tawh!).
Wilted- odage:yo:h (oh-daw-gay-yonh).
Wins - watgwe:nyohs (waw-tgway-nyonhs); [Lit. it wins].
Winced (it) - ho 1dwahtohsi: 1 (hoh!-dwah-tonh-seeh!).
Wind - ga:ha 1 (gah-hawh!).
Wind Spirit - dagwano 1e:yed (daw-gwaw-nonh!-enh-yend); [Lit. hitting us with a
head] myth: Flying Head.
Window-of-opportunity - 0 1dwadehoohdi 1 (hoh-dwaw-day-honh-onh-deeh!); [Lit.
it opened].
Window glass - atgatwasha 1 (ah-tgaw-twas-hah!); [Lit. used to look through].
Window opening - onohsogaen (oh-nonh-soh-gaw-ehn).
Window pane- watgatgwahsyo:oh (wah-tgaw-twah-showh!); [Lit. a window
-- glass is put in].
Windpipe (Anat.) - oa 1da 1 (oh-ah!-dawh!).
--- Windpipe (in) - oa 1 dago:h (oh-ah!-daw-gonh).
Wind storm - ga 1hasde 1 (gah!-haws-dayh!); [Lit. strong wind].
Windy- ga:je 1s (gah-jayh!-s).
Wine - onyogwi 1sa:gi 1 (oh-nyoh-gweeh!-sah-geeh!).
Wing (s) - onegosda 1 (oh-nenh-gonh-stawh!).
Wing span- neganegosdagwen (nay-gaw-nenh-gonhs-daw-gwehn).
Wing tip- onegosdage:ya:d (oh-neh-gohs-daw-genh-yawd).
Winked (he)- ho 1tatgwi:ya:e:g (hoh!-taw-tgwih-yah-ayg).
Winner- otgwe:nyo:h (oh-tgway-nyonh); [Lit. it won].

Seneca Language Teacher's Dictionary 352 _,.
ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:Nb• I.;
'-'
Winners- honontgwe:nyo:h (hoh-nohn-tgway-nyonh); [Lit. they won]. '-'
\..,
Winnow (you)- se:gaehda:wa:g (sayh-gaw-ayh-daw-wawg).
~
Winnow basket- yegaehda:wa:gta• (yay-gaw-ayh-daw-wawg-tawh!); [Lit. used
'-'
for sifting and separating the com pearls from the chafe]. \.,
Winnowed (she)- wa 1egaehda:wa:g (wawh!-ayh-gaw-ayh-daw-wawg). ~
Winnowing (she is) - yegaehda:wa:s (yay-gaw-ayh-daw-waws). ~
Winter - goshe:neh (gohs-hay-nayh). ~
Wintergreen- ojisda 1 ge:a• (oh-jees-dawh!-gay-ah!). \w

\...
Winterized- dewadoe:ko 1 (day-waw-doh-ayh-konh!); [Lit. packed all cracks].
~
Wintry- goshe:ka:• (gohs-hay-kawh!); [Lit. winter-like]. Ii.,
Wipe (you)- sahgo:eh (sah-goh-ayh). f_,
Wiping (you are) sagoehwas (sah-goh-ayh-waws). Ii.,
Wire- gewe:• (genh-wenh!). ~
Wisdom - o•nigohdasha1 (oh!-nee-goh-daws-shah!); [Lit. intelligence]. '-"

Wise - o•nigon (oh!-nee-gohn).
Wish (I) - agaje:gwah (ah-gaw-jenh-gwah).
Wishful- osga:no•t (ohs-gaw-noh!-t).
Wishing for- wasga:ne:s (waws-gaw-nays).
Wishy-washy - deyo•nigoe:do:h (day-yoh!-nee-gonh-enh-donh); [Lit. the mind
sways back and forth].
Wit- o•nigo:waneh (oh!-nee-goh-waw-nenh); [Lit. a big mind], creative.
Witch- gahaih (gaw-haw-eeh).
Witch craft - otgo• (ot-gonh!).
Witch's hunt- ho 1gahai1ya:h (hoh!-gaw-haw-eeh!-yawh).
Witch's transformation- ho1 dwaja•daje:ni 1 (hoh!-dwa-jawh!-daw-jay-neeh!).
Witness- degaga:ne: 1 no•o:weh (day-gaw-gaw-nayh!--nonh!-onh-wenh); [Lit. I
saw what happened].
Witnessed (to the extreme) - o•wadi:watgato 1 (oh-waw�dee-waw-tgah-toh!).
Witnesses (in court) hadiwagwaisohs (haw-dee-waw-gwa-eeh-sonhs).

Witch hazel - dagwa'syo:nih (daw-gwah!-shonh-neeh).

With- i:kne' (eeh-knayh!); [Lit. along with] in addition to.
Within - i:ga:' (eeh-gawh!); [Lit. included] { in the Present tense}
Within- he:ga:' (hay-gawh!); [Lit. included] { in the Past Tense}
Whithered - ho'gadage:' (hoh!-gaw-daw-gayh!).
Withdraw - dentso'ne:g (denh-chonh!-nayg); [Lit. you subtract a little].
Withdrawn -jo'no:h Gonh!-nonh); [Lit. its been taken away].
Withe -yotwadas:ta' (yonh-twaw-daws-tawh!); [Lit. used to go around]; this is a
term used in basket making.
With held- ganosde'se:h (gaw-nonhs-denh!-sayh).
- Without- de'ga:' (dayh!-gawh!); [Lit. not included].

Without question - gwas-ha'gwah (gwahs-hah!-gwah). { C-P}
With stood - ho'gagasdeh (hoh!-gaw-gahs-denh).
Witnessed - degaga:nahji:weh (day-gaw-gaw-nah-jee-wenh); [Lit.looked right at
- it].
Wobbling- do1 oya1da:niyoh ( doh!-oh-yawh!-daw-nee-yonh); [Lit. not strong].
Wolf- ota:yonih (oh-taw-yonh-neeh).
Wolf Clan members- Hononta:yonih (hoh-non-taw-yoh-neeh).
Wolf Run area at Alleg. Rez. - gasde:go:h (gaws-denh-gonh); [Lit.in the cliffs].
- Woman- yago:gweh (yaw-gonh-gwayh).
Woman (young) -yagowe 1da:se:' (yaw-gonh-gwayh!-daw-sayh!).
Woman- yago:gweh (yaw-gonh-gway).
Womanish - yagogwehka:' (yaw-gonh-gway-kawh!).
Womanizer- hagwaiye's (haw-gwa-eeh-yayh!s).
Woman's name - Ga,do:d [standing feather] clan unknown.
Women (as a group) - akino'enh (ah-kee-noh!-enh); [Lit. our mothers].
- Women's Shuffle dance - e:sga:nye' (enh-sgah-nyayh!).
Women's great shuffle dance - e:sga:nye:'go:wah (enh-sgah-nyayh!-goh-waw).
Womem's old-fashioned shuffle dance - e:sga:nye:' gaenogayoka:' (enh-sgah-

ONONDOWA·GA:' GAWE:Nb•
nyayh!-gaw-enh-nonh-gaw-yonh-kawh!); [Lit. womens' shuffle dance-old

song].
Woman's society- odeswade:nyo: 1 (oh-days-swaw-day-nyonh!).
Womb- yewiyad�:gwa 1 (yay-wee-yah-daw-gwah!).
Women- weno:gweh (wenh-nonh-gwayh).
Women's leggings - geisha' (guy-eeh-shah!).
Women's song- wenontowi:sas (wenh-nohn-tonh-wee-saws).
Won- watgwe:nyo:h (waw-tgway-nyonh).
Won (I)- ho•gatgwe:ni 1 (hoh!-gaw-tgweh-neeh!).
Won (they) - waenontgwe:ni 1 (wah-enh-nohn-tgway-neeh!).
Wondering - adi 1gwah (ah-deeh!-gwah).
Won't fit - da1agaye:ih (daw-ah-gaw-yay-eeh). Iron working term.
Wood- oye:nda 1 (oh-yenh-dah!).
Wood carver- hahgeo:gwas (hawh-genh-onh-gwas); [Lit he whittles].
Woodchuck- tehdo:0 1 (tayh-doh-onh!).
Woodcock (bird)- ga:da1shaya:neh (gah-dawh!-shaw-yah-nayh).
Wood branch stub - 0 hahdo:d (oh!-haw-dod).
1
Wood chunks - oyadahsa (oh-yaw-dah-sawh!); [Lit. wood chunks with knots].

1
Wood cutter - hayendahgwas (haw-yehn-daw-gwas); [he cuts wood].

Wood (split) - degayendowehsyo 1 (day-gaw-yehn-doh-wenh-shonh!).
Wooded - gahadaye1 (gaw-haw-daw-yenh!).
Wooden- owe 1ga:• (oh-wenh!-gah!).
Wood knot- 0 1hahdae 1 (oh!-haw-daw-ayh!); [Lit. knot on a board].
Wood knots - 01hahdeonyo• (oh!-hah-denh-onh-nyonh!); [Lit. knots on boards].
Wood land - gahadaye 1 (gaw-haw-daw-yenh!).
-
Wood nettle - oisha 1 (oh-ees-hah!). { wild plant} .
Woodpecker- disdis (dees-dees).
Woodpecker (red headed) - ogwa: 1 (oh-gwah!).
Wood pile- oyendahso:jo:d (oh-yenh-dawh-soh-jod).
-
-
- Wood siding- deganesda:do 1 (day-gaw-nays-diih-donh!); [Lit. boards around it].

Wood sorrel- oisgwanye1da 1e: 1 (oh-ees-gwaw-nyenh!-dah!-enh!) {as per
--.
JBHewitt}
...-.
'
Wood tick- sehdohgwa:ne' (sayh-donh-gwaw-nayh!)
Wooden bread bowl- owe1ga: 1 ga 10:wo1 (oh-wenh!-gah!--gawh!-onh-wonh!).
Wooden bowl- ga 10:wo1 (gawh!-onh-wonh!).
- Wooden mortar- ga 1nigahda 1 (gawh!-nee-gawh-dawh!); [Lit. for pounding com].

- Wooden spoons- owe1 ga: 1 adogwa 1sha 1 (oh-wenh!-giih!--ah-doh-gwah!-shiih!).
Wordless - do 1oweno:ye1 (doh-oh-wenh-nonh-yenh!); [Lit. it has no voice].
Words (wasted my) - ho 1 gadiwa:je:sad (hoh!-gaw-dee-wah-jay-sawd).
'Words before all else' - ga:wenitge'O' (gaw-wenh-nee-tgenh!-onh!); [Lit. the
- Gano:nyog (Thanks giving address), to bring all minds together as one].
Work- gaihyo 1da:sha 1 (guy-yoh!-daws-hah!).
Workable- ogwenyoh e:wondioni' (oh-gway-nyonh--enh-wonh-dee-onh-neeh!)
Working (they are)- hodiyo 1de 1 (hoh-dee�yoh!-dayh!). �--
Work force - henojo 1da:s (henh-nonh-joh!-daws).
Work man-hajo1 da:s (haw-joh!-daws).
Work out, exercise- ho 1dwasha:nye:1 (hoh!-dwas-hiih-nyayh!); [Lit. limbering].
Work woman-yonjo 1da:s (yonh-joh!-daws).
World - t'ye:jagwe:goh (tee-yenh-jaw-gway-gonh); [Lit. all over on earth].
World War I- wadiyoshago:wa:h jo:jeehdoh (waw-dee-yohs-hah-goh-wawh--
joh-jay-enh-donh); [Lit. the first big war].
World War II- wadiyoshago:wa:h deknih- wado1 ta 1 (waw-dee-yohs-hiih-goh
wawh--day-kneeh--waw-donh!-tawh!); [Lit. the second big war]
World War III - wadiyoshago:wa:h seh-wado1 ta 1 (waw-dee-yohs-hiih-goh-wawh
-senh--waw-donh!-tawh!); [Lit. the third big war].
Worldwide war- ti:yehja:gwe:goh ewondiyo:ag (tee-yenh-jaw�gway-gonh
enh-wohn-dee-yoh-ak); [Lit. there will be war every where on earth].
-- Worm- oji 1no:wo1 (oh-jeeh!-nonh-wonh!). General term.
-
Worm/English unknown- osho'yota 1 (oh-shonh!-yoh-tawh!); [Lit. it tends to go

I.,
backward].
\.,.
Wormy- oji: rnowo:' (oh-jeeh!-nonh-wonh!).
-..,
Worn- wahja dahgo:no (wah-jah!-dah-goh-nonh!); [Lit. it had been worn].
1 1
\w
Worried (it is)- O'nigoe:syo' (oh!-nee-gonh-enh-shonh!). e...,
Worrisome- deyo 1nigohganyad (day-yoh!-nee-gonh-gaw-nyad) '-'
Worse- wo 1oiwagi:s (woh!-oh-eeh-waw-gees); [Lit. it became more intense]. '-'
Worsen- oiwagi:sdoh (oh-eeh-waw-gees-donh); [Lit. its even more intense].
\.,, ·
~
Worsening - oiwagi:sdo:je' (oh-eeh-waw-gees-donh-jayh!); [Lit.becoming intense]
Worship dance- gone:o' (goh-nay-onh!).
'-'
.....
Worship dance (accompaniment)- henodoishenta r (henh-nonh-doh-eehs-hehn .__
tawh!). \.,
Worst - agwas oiwagi:sdoh (ah-gwas--oh-eeh-waw-gees-donh); [Lit. it has become ~
most intense]. '-'

\a,.
Worth - gasdak (gaws-dak).
\.
Worthless- de•ga:sdak (dayh!-gaws-dawk); [Lit. good for nothing].
\a.,
Worthwhile - gaihwa r (guy-wawh!). 4t.,
Wound (superficial) - deyotgeja'goh (day-yoh-tgenh-jawh!-gonh). .._,
Wounded- oye:'oh (oh-yenh!-onh); [Lit. its been hurt]. '-'
Wrapped - dega rhoje:yo:h (day-gawh!-hoh-jenh-yonh); [Lit. it is wrapped]. ~
~
Wrapping (material) - deye'hoje:yekta' (day-yoh!-hoh-jenh-yayg-tawh!); Lit. it is
used to wrap with].
-..
~
Wreak (car) - 0 1dwade'sehdagi:s (oh!-dwa-dayh!-sawh-daw-gees); [Lit. 2 cars
'-'
moved each other].
'-'
Wren (bird) - johjoh (joh-joh). ~
Wrestle (you)- desadaje:no:h (day-saw-daw-jay-nonh); [Lit. you hold]. '-'

Wrestling- denodaje:no:s (denh-nonh-daw-jay-nonhs); [Lit. they hold]. \a,,
~
Wrestler- deadaje:no:s (day-ah-daw-jay-nonhs); [Lit. he holds].
I..,.
Wring (you)- sahjio:wa:g (sawh-jee-oh-wag); [Lit. you grasp it].
...
\.,;
Ii.
-
I..,.
\.,
~
- Wrinkled-odo:sgwi:h (oh-donhs-gweeh).
Wrinkling - wadosgwihsyoh (wah-donh-sgwih-shonh).
Wrist (Anat.)-onesho,gwa' (oh-nenhs-hoh!-gwah!).
Wristband - yenesho'gwahasta' (yanh-nees-shoh!gwah-haws-tawh!); ]Lit. used
for wearing around the wrist].
Write (you)-syado:h (shaw-donh).
- Writers (they are) - hadiya:do:• (haw-dee-yaw-donh!).
Written - gayado' (gaw-yaw-donh!).
Written (to me)-tokya:doni:h (tonh-kwaw-donh-neeh); [Lit. they have written to
-..... me].
Writing desk - yeyadohgwa'geh (yay-yaw-donh-gwah!-gayh); [Lit. its for writing
on].
Writing paper - gayadosha' yeyadohgwa' (gaw-yaw-donhs-hah!--yay-yaw-donh
-
......
gwah!); [Lit. its paper to write on]
Writhing (it is) - wa:ja,dage:nye:h (wah-jawh!-daw.:. genh-nyeh); [Lit. its rolling it
body around]
- Wrong (do not do) - de'ne 1hoh (dayh!-nayh!-hoh); [Lit. its not the way].
Wrong (not that) - de1ne:' (dayh!-nayh!).
- Wrong (not exactly)-de 1joyi:sdoh (dayh!-jo-yees-donh).
--
Wrong doer - deadiwaeha' (day-ah-dee-waw-ayh-hawh!); [Lit. he goes against the
word of law].
Wrong iron - de 1jonyo'sha:to' (dayh!-joh-nyonh!-sah-tonh!). {Iron working term}
Wronged-deyodiwa:e' (day-yoh-dee-waw-ayh!); [Lit.it went against the law] .
Wrote (you) - ho 1sya:do: 1 (hoh!shaw-donh!).
X
Xerox - gaya'daha1 gayadosha 1 (gaw-yawh!-daw-hawh!-gaw-yaw-donhs-hah!);
- [Lit. it takes pictures of paper].
Xray-gaya 1daha 1 gaya1dagoh (gaw-yawh!-dah-hawh!--gaw-yawh!-daw-gonh);
[Lit. it takes pictures--inside the body].

ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO• ~
'-,.
y '-
~
Yy - 10th consonant in the Seneca Alphabet, pronounced as y, as in yes, yet
~
Yam (wild)- watohji•syos (wat-onh-jeeh!-shonh-s); [Lit. it's a creeping vine].
Yard, lawn- yone•sha' (yonh-nayh!-shah!), [Lit. a cleared area].
'--
'-
Yard (one)- jo 1e:no:n (joh!-enh-non); [Lit. one pole]. .._.
Yards ( two)- deyo 1 e:noge:h (day-yoh!-enh-non-gay); [Lit. 2 poles]. lw'
Yardage- neyo 1eno:ge:h (nay-yoh!-enh-non-gay); [Lit. number of yards]. '-"
'-,..
Yarrow - gane•donta 1 ( gah-nenh!-don-tawh!)
\a,.;
Yawned (she) - ho 1jagosga 1wad (hoh!-jaw-go-sgah!-wad); [Lit. it made her mouth
~
open].
~
Yawning (I keep)- dewagesga wada:noh (day-waw-ges-sgah!-waw-daw-nonh);
1
'-
[Lit. it keeps making my mouth open]. '-' .
Yawning (it is)- deyosga1wata 1 (day-yos-gah!-waw-tawh!); [Lit. it makes its \a,
mouth to keep opening]. "-'

~
Year - yoshade• (yos-had-dayh!); [Lit. the winter of..]. .._
Yearling (calves)- hejo:diawheh (hay-joh-dee-ah-whenh); [Lit. they've gone a
cycle].
...
Yearlong- hejoahwheh (hay-joh-ah-whenh); [Lit. a complete cycle] .
Yearly- ha 1deyosha:ge:h (hawh!-day-yos-hah-gay); [Lit. every year].
Yearning- 0 nigo:n (oh!-nee-gohn); Lit. the mind tends to be turning toward..].
1
Years - niyosha:ge:h (nee-yos-hah-gay); [Lit. the number of years].

Years -yosha:ge:h (yos-hah-gay); [Lit. an undetermined number of years].
Yeast -yotahgwe 1 gwata 1 (yon-tah-gweh!-gwad-tawh!); [Lit. she uses it to raise
the bread].
Yell (you/s) - desa:ed ( day-saw-ayd).
Yelled (he)- ho to:ed (ho!-toe-ayd).
1
Yelling (I am) - dewake:ta (day-waw-kay-tawh!).

1
Yelling (he is) - doe:ta (doe-aye-tawh!).

1
Yelled (I have - )- dewake:doh (day-wah-kayd-donh).
L
'W'
a e o
-
- ONONDOWA1 GA:1 GAWE:NO'
-
- Yellow- ojitgwa:e: 1 (oh-jeet-gwah-enh!); [Lit. the color of bile].
Yellow dock- i:je:d (ee-jayd); [Lit. she's standing there].
Yellow leaf cup-degagodo:dahgoh (day-gawh-gonh-donh-dah-gonh); [Lit. nose
-
- to.nose].
Yellow pigweed-osge:no (ohs-genh-nonh!); [Lit. unknown].
1
Yellow violet- jitgwa:e: 1 wade:nya 1ja 1s (iee-tgwah-enh!--waw-day-nyah!-jawh!

s); [Lit. color of bile -- it beheads itself].
Yellow wild indigo- yoda:yo 1ya:kta 1 (yonh-daw-yoh!-yawg-tawh!); [Lit.
unknown].
-.
Yes- e:h (enh).
- Yesterday - te:de (tay-denh!).
1
Yodeling (she is) - yodenogwatwahsos (yonh-denh-nonh-gwah-tgwah-sonhs); [Lit.

......
, she turns her voice over].
Yolk- ojitgwa: 1 (oh -jit-gwah!); [Lit. the bile].
0
You- i:s; ni:s (ees; nees) { Objective Pronoun; Singular/Dual/Plural Exclusive

You sinners - swai:wane 1agoh (swaih-waw-nay!-aw-gonh); [Lit. you are
- mistakingly following the wrong words].
'You're the one' - I:s-nah ! (ees-nah); { C-P}
Yours- saweh (saw-wenh); Possessive Pronoun [ yours /singular / exclusive].
- Yours- snyaweh (snyaw-wenh); Possessive Pronoun [yours /dual/exclusive].
- Yours- swaweh (saw-wenh); Possessive Pronoun [yours/ plural / exclusive].
Young animal - otwasa:a (oh-twah-saaw); [Lit. it is small; young].
Young bean - onosa 1ah (oh-nonh-sah!-ah); [Lit. soft, immature shell beans].
- Young children - hadiksa 1sho 1oh (haw-dik-saw!-shonh!-onh).
-
-- Young man- hogwe 1dase: 1 (hoh-gway!-daw-sayh!); [Lit. he's a new man].
Young people- henogwe 1da:se: 1 (hen-noh-gway!-daw-sayh!); [Lit. they are new
people].
Young woman- yagogwe 1dase: 1 (yaw-gonh-gway!-daw- sayh!); [Lit. she's a new
-
- woman].
-
ONONDOWA•GA:' GAWE:NO• '-'

'-'
Younger brother- he 1ge: 1 (hay!-genh!); [Lit. my younger brother]. \..
Younger sibling -ke 1ge: 1 sho• (kayh!-genk!-shonh!); [Lit. my younger siblings]. '-
\a.
Younger sister- ke 1ge: 1 (kayh!-genh!); [Lit. my younger sister].
~
Youngest (it) -jostoh Uos-tonh); [Lit. it is the youngest]. -..
Youth-henogwe•da:se: 1 (hen,noh-gway!-daw-sayh!); [Lit. they are new people]. \..
Yuk - a:a1 (aah!); [Lit. nasty]. ~
Yummy- oga•oh ! (oh-gaw!-onh); [Lit. delicious]. '-"

z \w,
\or
Zz -The 11th consonant in the Seneca Alphabet '-,..
Zebra- deyoja•dahahsyo (day-yoh-jaw!-dawh-hawh-shonh!); [Lit. it has marks
1
'-'
around its body]. v...
Zero- da 1gwisde• (daw!-gwees-denh!); [Lit. nothing, as in non-number]. \.,
Zig zag- deyotao:nya:no• (day-yoh-taw-oh-nyaw-nonh!); [Lit. its going this ~

\a.,
way, that way, etc ... ].
......
Zipper- deganohsondahgwa• (day-gaw-noh-son-dawh-gwah!); [Lit. it holds it
'-'
together]. '-,;
Zitz- onohi'ii:d (oh-nonh-hih!-gaad). [Lit. pimple]. \.,
Zoo - there is no known Seneca word for 'zoo', the concept of holding wild animals '-'
and birds in captivity in display gages and cases is totally foreign; and counter to \;.,
traditional philosophy.

-
-
--
--
-
--.
-
..... Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; 6 as in on
-

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Seneca Language Teachers Dictionary Phyllis E. Wms. Bardeau PDF

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ONONDOWArGA:'

Seneca Nation Education Department

SENECA LANGUAGE TEACHER'S

First Printing, December, 2007

12861 Rt. 438; Irving, NY 14081

- Other Research materials:

*** Author's Comments***

Snow Snake - gawa:sa'

Snow Snake - gawa:sa'

[ Anatomy I Cheek (Anat.)

- o.....as in .....on........... as in.......soh

- The ample use of nasalized vowel sounds throughout the Seneca

- appear in Seneca words. The only requirement is to pronounce

- These symbols make the difference in meaning in the spoken

- 1st Seneca vowel pronounced as: ah, awful, father.

- Abandoned-watga1weh (waw-tgaw!-wenh); [Lit. its been let go].

- Abiding- degai:waga:ne: 1 (day-guy-wawh-gaw- nayh); [Lit.its watching the

Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Accelerate (you)- dese 1sai:yat (day-sayh!-saw-eeh-yat); [Lit. you speed it up].

- Accident- odiwahjeosha1 (oh-dee-wah-jay-onh-shah!); [Lit. a mishap].

- Accidental - 0 1wahdiwahjeo 1 (oh!-wah-dee-wah-jay-onh!); [Lit. a mishap

-.. Accompanied- 0 1gagahda:je:1 (oh!-gaw-gawh-daw-jayh!); [Lit. it went,

- Add- ehsyes (enh-chase); [Lit. you add something to].

- Addicted (I'm) - agajano'oh (ah-gaw-jaw-nonh!-onh); [Lit. I'm poisoned].

- Adopt (I will) - e:geksa'deogo' (enh-gayk-sah!-denh-onh-goh!); [Lit I will accept

- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

- Affluent- otgano:ni:h(oh-tgaw-nonh-neeh); [Lit. it is wealthy].

- Afterward- oahdo 1geh(oh-ah-donh!-gayh); [Lit. in the past].

Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski;. o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Air- deyoa:we:nye:h (day-yoh-ah-wenh-nyeh); [Lit. air in flowing motion]. ....

Airplane- dega:dehs (day-gaw-denhs); [Lit. it flies].

- Alcohol (antifreeze)- ojisge_1ya:gi 1 (oh-jees-genh!-yaw-geeh!); [Lit. d�ath drink].

- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Aligned- oja1da: 1 (oh-jawh!-dawh!); [Lit. it joined, became part of].

- Altered (smaller) - gastwahdoh (gaws-twah-donh).

Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Amputated leg - gahsi:nyakgoh (gawh-see-nyak-gonh); [Lit. leg is cut off].

- Analyzed- degaya•dowehdoh (day-gaw-yawh!-doh-wayh-donh); [Lit. it has been

-- And so it goes- dah-ne'-nah-ge:s (dawh-neyh!-nawh-genh-s); {C-P}

designated time; i.e. monthly phase of the moon].

- removed, taken off].

- Ant (red) - hi 1no1 (heeh!-nonh!).

Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; ii as in on

Anxiety, worry- deyo 1nigohga:nyad (day-yoh!-nee-gonh-gaw-nyayd); [Lit.its --

Apart (comes) - watga 1tsohs (waw-tgawh!-chonhs).

- Apple - ganyo 10:ya 1 (gaw-nyoh!-oh-yawh!); [Lit. wild apple].

-- your name to it].

Arm shake - ho1 tsadanesho:nda:t (hoh!-chaw-dawh-nenhs-honh-dawt); [Lit. they

Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; 6 as in on

Ashore- wae:no1di:het (wah-enh-nonh!-dee-hayt); [Lit. they beached].

Asked (I -) - ho 1gadao:do: 1 (hoh!-gaw-daw-onh-donh!).

- Asking (you are-) - sa:daodo:nyoh (saw-daw-onh-donh-nyonh).

- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

- Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

- Awhile, in time - neyonishet (nay-yoh-nees-hayt); [Lit. however long it takes].

- Baby (infant)- ononi•a:a (oh-dohn-neeh!-aah); Lit. a small growth].

Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

- Baltimore, Md- Gayahso:do' (Gaw-yawh-sohn-donh!); [Lit. standing crosses].

Key: a as in ah; e as in they; i as in ski; o as in go; u as in cue; a as in at; e as in end; o as in on

Barefooted- osga•shiViih (oh-sgawh!-shonh!-onh!).

- Bare headed - ono•eosga•ah (oh-nonh!-ay-oh-sgah!-ah), [Lit. only its head].

- Bark -osno• (ohs-nonh!); [Lit. tree bark].

* Author's Comments*

- Cattaraugus Territory Residents- Ga 1dagesgeo:lio 1 (gawh!-dah-genhs-gay-oh

Cheeses (a plant)- deyo:nehdagwe'nonya:no' (day-yoh-nayh-daw-gweh!-nonh