MARCH, I 963

MOSQUITONEWS

John

JOHNLANE, who was born in SZo Paula

on March 12, 1905, the son of one of
the American families that emigrated to
Brazil from the southern United States
after the Civil War, died suddenly in
SZo Paulo on January 4, 1963 of a
heart attack. Well known throughout
the Americas, Mr. Lane was Associate
Professor in the Department of Parasitology and Rural Health in the Faculty
of Hygiene and Public Health, University
of SZo Paulo.
His secondary education was at Mackenzie College in Sso Paulo, and he received his earliest scientific training in
%o Paula under Herman Luederwaldt
and Frei Thomaz Bergmeier. Later, in
Rio de Janeiro he worked with Dr. G.
M. de Oliveira Castro at the Oswald0
Cruz Institute, and then with Raymond
Shannon and Nelson C. Davis of the
Rockefeller Foundation stat?. In 1941-42
he studied at Cornell under Matheson, on
a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship.
In 1953 two volumes Of his Neotropical
Cu&dae were published by the University of SZo Paulo. Volume III of this
work, dealing with the biology of mos-

57

Lane
quitoes, has been in preparation since 1959,
and on December 7, 1962 Mr. Lane wrote
to the Pan American Health Organization,
which was sponsoring the work, to say
that the text of this volume had been
finished, and that the typescript ran to
548 pages.
Lanes magnum opus is the culmination
of some 23 years of work with the Neotropical Culicidae, in the course of which
he collaborated with many well-known
specialists in the group. His studies were
much helped by a Guggenheim travel
grant in 1950 to visit museums in Europe
and the United States to examine type
and other specimens of special interest.
His studies and publications involve
species in at least seven families of Diptera
in addition to Culicidae. The current list
of title of his scientific papers contains
152 entries, on a great variety of forms.
Among these entries is the chapter in
Boyds Malariology Anophelines of the
Neotropical Region. He also assisted in
the translation into Portuguese of Praytical Malariotogy by Russell, West and
Manwell.

NEOTROPICAL

Volume I -

Dixinae,

CULIC1DAE

Chaoborinae and Culicinae,

tribes Anophelini,

Toxorhgln-

chit&i and Culicini (Genus Culex only).

_kljunct

professor, Department
Health,

of Parasitology,

University

Faculty

of Hygiene

of S&o Paulo, Brazil.

S2Xo Paulo.
Published

by the University
1953

of Sao Paula,

Brazil

and Public

(:OSTEir;TS

Page

. . . . . . _.

INTRODUCTION
KEY

FOR

CHAOBORINA4E

....

...

.
. .

Genus Corethrella

...

Genus Sayomyia

Genus Edwardsops

FOR

TRIBE

TRIBES

KEY

..

. .

..

..

Genus Chagasia
Genus Anopheles

KEY

FOR

GENERA

65

....

66

93

......

106

..

111

.
.

111

..

112
112

.. . ... ....

137

.......

...........

.......

........................

138

..........

........

.......................

148

............

138

................................

307

................................

308

. Genus Culex .............

Printed

. ....

............

..............

CULICIKI

63

100

....... ..

...

GESERA

TOXORHYI\CHITINI

FOR

TRIBE

...

. .
.

BNOPHELINI

31

Genus Toxorhynchites
TRIBE

..

..

......

31

33

. . ,. . .

..

Genus Lutxomiops.

KEY

. ..

...

Genus Eucorethra

CULICINAE

..... .
..

Genus Dixa.

Fi

SUBFAMILIES

..... .

DIXINAE

in S. Yaulo by tne lnddstna

309

Gr&flca Yiqueira S.A.

INTRODUCTION.

The scope of this monograph is taxonomic. We find, however,

that data on the breeding places, habits and zoogeographical distribution are important and so have included them in brief notes. Due
to lack of time and space, the sections referring to internal morphology
and physiology, were excluded. Summarized data on vehiculation
of disease are also included.
Until the beginning of this century, the mosquitoes * were
only superficially known by entomologists. The discovery that species
of this group of insects were vectors of filariasis, malaria and yellow
fever resulted in an intensive study of this family of Diptera. Such
studies were published in numerous monographs, excellent morphological papers, observations on their biology, and the local fauna in
several parts of the world. Further work resulted in the discovery
that species of this group also transmit dengue and encephalomyelitis.
Taxonomic papers on the larval, pupal and egg stages of these insects
also enabled taxonomists to arrive at a better classification of this
family.
As was to be expected, the groups which contained species that
are vectors of disease received special attention, while genera and
subgenera in which the female does not suck blood, took a secondary
place. Such being the case the tribe Anophelini and the genera Aedes,
Culex, Haemagogus and kindred folms are now better known but, the
subfamilies Dixinae and Chaoborinae, not having such econamic importance, are not well known.
In this monograph we divide the family Culicidae in three subfamilies and seven tribes. In the Neotropical region there are twenty
two genera and fifty subgenera and the number of described species
is approximately six hundred and fift.y. The sequence of genera in
this work is from the more primitive, starting with Dixa to the more
developed ending with Sabefhes.
Historical.
As the study of Cu7icidae in the Neotropical region was not undertaken, as elsewhere, from a single point of view, we believe it advisable
to divide it into periods (see Lane, 1939) which would, approximately
correspond to the main modifications which this group underwent up
to now. An idea of such changes is obtained by the four subdivisions
given below : * We here delimit the word mosquito to mean only the Culicidae.

.
t-i
-

__ -._

INTRODUCTIOK
-_.

* This period began, as far as our

1st. period
or Linnean
fauna is concerned, in 1794 when Fabricius published the descriptions
of Megarhinus haemorrhoidalis and Psorophora ciliata, both of which
he placed in the genus Culex. In the following century only forty
two species were described by seventeen authors. Mosquitoes were
then considered as of no economic importance and harmless.
2nd. period or medical - This period started in the end of the
last century with the discovery of the transmission of several diseases
by mosquitoes. Such a period reached its peak in the first decade of
this century when more than two hundred species were described
chiefly by Theobald, Lutz and Coquillett.
This activity resulted, without doubt, in great progress but it
also caused great confusion, involving a vast. generic and specific
synonymy due to the creation of a large number of entities based on
trivial cha.racters.
3rd. period
(1910-1932)
This period was characterized by
intense faunistic and biological studies and in the establishment of
generic concepts that resulted in a classification which was of a more
natural nature. The better generic concepts were due to work done
by Howard, Dyar & Knab, Dyar and his collaborators, Knab, Shannon
and Edwards. More efficient methods for the control of vector species
were also developed.
4th. period Such a period is the present one and started in
1932. Actually there are about 640 Neotropical species. Most genera
have become stable and although new species continue to be occasionally described there is still a lot of work to be done in the description
of egg, larval and pupal stages of known species because less than half
of them are known.
Relationship

of CULICIDAE.

Among t,he Kematocera, the family which is most related to the

Culicidae is Chironomidae. These two families, together with Ceratopogonidae and Simulidae (see Edwards in Barraud, 1934) segregate
tlhemselves into a well defined group. The following classification is
the one given by Edwards who places these four families in an homogeneous group which, however does not merit a systematic name.
His characters for this group are as follows : - 1) adult, without a
reduction of the first antenna1 segment (scape) ; 2) absence of ocelli ;
3) similarity in the arrangement of pleural sclerit,es, as for instance,
tlhe presence of a membranous area behind the first prothoracic spiracle ; 4) pupae with the leg sheaths coiled and not projecting beyond
t.he short wing-cases. Edwards is also of the opinion, shared by us,
-

._-_* As the bibliography of this period and the following

they are included at the end of this chapter.

one is not extensive,

that in this group, the disposition of the veins in the wing is of secondary importance.
Phylogenetic

dassification

of the CULICIDAE.

We belive that the characters of the culicid archetype would be

the following : - mouth parts short ; palpus four-segmented ; eyes
well separated on top ; pronotal lobes developed ; sternopleura hypertrophied to such an extent that the front and mid pairs of legs become
separabed ; postnotum with a longitudinal median groove ; body
covered only with setae and hairP, the scales being absent ; legs elongate and with tibia1 spurs ; wing with about the same general vein
disposition ; haltere elongate and with well developed knobs.
If we consider as specialization the reduction of the number of
palpal segments, the lenghtening of the mouth parts, the approximation of the front and mid legs, the reduction in size of haltere and
the substitution of setae for scales, then we can form a series which
comprises nearly all the groups of this family, from the most primitive
to the most evolved. Such a series would show that the most primitive
group are the Dizi72ae.
The next one is Chaoborinae, having the CorethreZZinias the most specialized tribe. In the next groups the proboscis
is elongate. Anophelini are the most primitive tribe of the Culicinae.
The passage from AnopheEini to Culicini is made through the genera
BironeZZa and Chagasia for we find short palpi in t,he first of these
genera, and a three-lobed scutellum on the second. We do not know
where to place the tribe Toxorhynchitini which shows primitive characters but also some very specialized ones such as the dense scale
covering. It is quite possible that this tribe belongs to a separate
branch. In Culicini we note that CuZex and related genera are the most
primitive, while Aedes and related genera are the most specialized, up
to Haemagogus which links this tribe to the Sabethini. The Sabethini
are considered the most specialized tribe because, besides the reduction
in the number of palpal segments, setae are nearly absent. The following sequence is given to show the above mentioned seriation : Dixinae + Chaoborinne t CorcthreZlini t CuZicinae t Anophelini t
Bironellrc t Chagasia + Culicini + Haemagogus t Sabethini.
Diagnosis

of CULICIDAE.

Characters
Adult : Small, slender, nematocerous Diptera
varying much in coloration. Antenna with 15/16 segments (except
in Neochaoborus where there are only 10/B) ; scape quite reduced
(except in Dixinae where it is slightly smaller than the torus) ; torus
globose.; ocelli absent.
Thorax with the anterior pronotum divided and forming distinct,
lobes ; mesonotum in a single disk and without transversal sutures ;

INTRODUCTION

postnotum developed and arched. Abdomen with seven or eight visible

segments. Legs long ; tibiae without distal spines (except in some
species of Chaoborinae). Wing with the subcostal vein ending in costa.
Second, fourth and fifth veins forked, the third and sixth simple.
Transverse veins present between the third and fourth and the fourth
and fifth longitudinal veins.
Swims freely and is orthorrhaphous. Tube always
Pupa present and with a single opening. Leg sheaths not projecting beyond
the short wing cases. Thorax and abdomen always without spiny
projections, the last abdominal segment moves and ends in paddles.
Larva - Aquatic and swims freely. Head, antenna and mouthparts well developed. Thorax and abdomen distinct. Only the hind
pair of spiracles functional.
Egg - Needs water for eclosion. Is deposited in rafts or singly.
Is extremely variable in shape.
Morphological

names

and their

definition.

The nomenclature of the sclerites of the head, wing-veins and

abdomen has been studied in detail by many authors and there is
little to be added. In the adult, the nomenclature of the pleura has
not reached stability and the same sclerite is frequently known by
two or more names. We show in fig. 1 the nomenclature here used.

Fig.

1.

Thorax
of mosquito
showing
The British
Mosquitoes).

the

principal

sclerites.

(Based

on Marshall,

1938,

We include below the more important synonyms.

pronotal lobe = prothoracic lobe = anterior pronotal lobe
meron = lateral metasternal sclerite = meso-merocoxa = merocoxa
mesonotum = scutum = disk = disk of mesonotum
post,notum = metanotum.
Chaetotaxy.

The chaetotaxy of mosquitoes has had special taxonomic value

since the publications of Dyar and Shannon (1924). The nomenclature
here adopted is given below.
Head.

oculars = the setae which, on each side of the

to the eye margin until they reach the
head. Known also as the orbitals.
vertex = the proclinate setae inserted in this
occasionally forming a tuft.
mentum= the setae found on the lower portion

vertex, run parallel

lower portion of the
region of the head,
of the head.

Thorax.

The setae of this region recieve the name of the sclerite in which
they are inserted. They can be divided into seven main groups as we
explain below : - 1) those on the pronotal lobe or pronotals ; 2) those
on the propleura or propleurals ; 3) those on the posterior pronotum ;
4) those on the anterior spiracle or spiraculars ; 5) those inserted behind
this spiracle or post-spiraculars ; 6) those on the sternopleura or sternopleurals which according to where they are inserted, receive the
name of pre-alar, superior or inferior and ; 7) those on the mesepimeron
or mesepimeral setae which also can be upper or lower ones.
The setae inserted on the free margin of the scutellum are the
marginal setae. The mesonotum has the acrostichal, dorsocentral as
well as setae over the root of wing and on the prescutellar depression.
Male

genitalia.

The structures comprising the male genitalia are of great taxonomic

importance. The names of the structures have many synonyms. In
fig. 2 we show the nomenclature here used. Although we would like
to follow, to a greater extent, the names accepted for Diptera in general,
some of the names used for Culicidae have had such frequent use that
their maintenance is advisable. Below our terminology is given with
the most frequently used synonyms.
genitalia = hypopygium = terminalia
basistyle = side-piece = basimere = coxite

IXTRODUCTION

11

dististyle = clasper = style = distimere

claw- = sub-apical or terminal spine = appendicle of style
mesosome = phallosome = aedeagus
anal lobe = proctiger.
The ninth tergite and tenth sternite have no synonyms. The
nomenclature of the legs is uniform. As to the wings, it can be seen
that we have used the system of numbering the veins instead of the
Comstock-Needham one which is generally used in Diptera. We have
c0atf&1 vein.
sUbOOSt61

-%I~~~

Anterior

Fig.

3. --

Fig. 4. -

Wing of mosquito
Mosquitoes).

aZ.066

P6il.L

min.

Pho\ving veins.

or

(Hascd

Dim
(Dimella)
vcnezuelensis
Lane, 1942.
system of vein nomeclature for Culicidae.

adopted it because of its simplicity.

are shown for comparison.

5th.longv6in
mid or066
vein,

on Marshall.

Wing.
Showing
Original.

1938,

Thp

British

Comstock-Needham

In figures 3 and 4 both systems

Pupa.

The names of setae and hairs are given in fig. 5. We have abhreviated breathing tubes to tubes.

III

VI

VIII

Paddle

Fig.

5.

Pupa.
text.

Abdomen
Original.

showing

letters

and

numbers

of

principal

setae

used

in

this

6. A.

6. c,

6. 0.

Fig. 6. A. -

Head of Anopheles larva. Hair 1, preclypeal: 2, inner clypeal: 3 outer

clypeal; 4 posterior clypeal; 5, inner frontal;
6, middle frontal; 7, outer
frontal; 8, inner occipital; 9, outer occipital; 10, terminal antennal; 11,
antenna1 ; 12, subantennal;
13, hair from side of the cpicranial plate and
14, orbital hair.
(Based on Russsl, Rozeboom 85 Stone, 1943).

Fig. 6. B.

Thorax of Anopheles
larva.
Dorsal view. P. Prothorax;
M. Mesothotrax ; MT. Metathorax. 1, 2, 3 P. are the hairs comprising the
Hairs 4, 5, 6 and 7 P. complete
prothoracic group in the Anophelini.
the prothoracic hair group and comprise the prothoracic hairs formula
mentioned in other groups.
(Based on Gater, 1934).

Fig. 6. C.

Abdominal segments I-IV

of Anopheles. Hairs and tergal plates shown.
A. T. is the anterior and P. T. the posterior tergal plate.
Hair 1 is the
(Based
palmate tuft, 2 the ante palmate and 6 the lateral abdominal hair.
on Russel, Rozeboom & Stone, 1943).

Pig. 6. D.

Prothorax.
Showing the nomenclature adopted by Senevet & Abonnenc and
below the numerical system here used. The prothoracic hair formula here
used gives the number of elements found in hairs of prothorax from 1 to 7.
(Based on Lane & Whitman, 1951).

INTRODUCT
---___

Larva.

The nomenclature of the regions of the body and chaetotaxy are

given in fig. 6. The air-tube or breathing tube has been abbreviated to
siphon and the lateral comb of the eighth segment to comb.
Bionomics.

As the bionomics of most groups vary to a large extent we mention the habits of each group separately. The best paper on this subject, in our region, is that of Shannon (1931 a and 1931 b) for the
Culicini. The Anophelini have been intensively studied and we have
given, in the bibliography, the most important references. Lane and
Cerqueira (1942) condensed the information for the bionomics of the
Sabethini and various authors have made interesting observations on
the Toxorhynchitini. I,ittle is known about the bionomics of the remaining groups.
Yredatism.

In this family predatism is restricted to the larval stage. The

larvae of a number of species are predators which feed an any other
animal weaker or smaller than they are. Such is their voracity that
they will even attack and eat members of their own species.
One of the most astounding facts regarding predatism in this
family is that it occurs in both primitive and highly developed genera
also in bloodsucking and non-bloodsucking species.
This condition is found in the very small Corethrella as well as the
large Toxorhynchites and Culex (Lutzia) species. Species of Psorophoru
s. str. are also predators and among the brilliantly coloured Trichoprosopon which we place in the most, specialized branch of t.his family,
predatism also occurs.
Zoogeographical

distribution

of mosquitoes.

Before discussing the zoogeography of the mosquitoes of our

region we find it advisable, for a better understanding of our point
of view, to give a brief zoogeographical distribution of the mosquitoes
in the world, as compared to that of the Neotropical region. Below
we mention the occurrence of the genera and subgenera occurring
in the regions of the World.
Dixinae - Dixa is found in all the regions except the Australasian
and Neotropical, the first of these has an indigenous subgenus (Neodixa)
and there is yet another subgenus found in bot,h these regions (Nothodixa) .
The subgenus Paradixa distributes it,self thru the Nearctic,
Palearctic and Australasian regions. DixapueZZa is indigenous to the
Nearctic region.

Map.

1.

Showing the zoogeographical centers of endemism and dispersion in So$l

(Based on Lane, 1943, The geographic distribution of Sabet.hml
America.
Rev. Ent., 14 (3) : 409-429).

16

INTRODUCTION

Chaoborinae - The Palearctic region has five subgenera of which

one is indigenous. The Ethiopian three, one of them indigenous. The
Oriental (India, Burma and Ceylon) has two, the northern portion
of the Oriental region two and Malasia one ; the Australasian region
has three genera one of these being indigenous. The Nearctic region
(except Eucorethra) has four and, finally, the Neotropical region has
four of which two are indigenous.
Culicinae - Tribe Anophelini. This tribe has three genera and
twelve subgenera. The genus Chagasia is indigenous to the Neotropical region while BironeEZa,with two subgenera, is indigenous to
the Australasian region. AnopheZes is a genus of world wide distribution. Myxomyia is the only one of the subgenera which does not
occur in the New World. Celodiaxesis is found both on the Nearctic
and the Neotropical regions. All the other subgenera are restricted
to the Neotropical region.
The tribe Toxorhynchitini has a single genus of world wide distribution.
While the subgenus Toxorhynchites occurs everywhere
except in the New World, the other subgenera are indigenous and
Ankylorhynchus is restricted to the Neotropical region.
A discussion of the zoogeography of the tribe Culicini is difficult
because there are seventeen genera and fifty five subgenera belonging to it. Of these, the genera Uranotaenia, Aedes and Culex and
five subgenera are of world wide distribution.
Orthopodomyia is found everywhere except in the Ethiopian
region. The subgenera Coquilletidia and Aedimorphus are not found
in the Neotropical region while Stegomyia is absent in the New World
(except the species aegypti which is tropicopolitan). The subgenus
CuZiceZZais Palearctic.
The subgenera Theomyia, Dunnius and
Eretmapodites are Ethiopian.
Ficalbia, Christophersiomyia, Lasiosiphon and Barraudius are indigenous to the Oriental region. Cancraedes and AcaZZeomyiaare found on the Malagasian subregion. Leicesteria occurs in both of the last mentioned regions. Opifex, Macleaya,
Chaetocruiomyia, Pseudoskusea, Geoskusea and Leptosomatomyia are
Australasian. There is no genus restricted to the Nearctic region.
Mansonia,
Rhynchotaenia, Howardina,
Haemagogus,
_llicraedes,
Microculex, Mochlostyrax and CarroZZia are endemic to the Neotropica1 region. All the other genera and subgenera are found in two or
more regions.
In this tribe we see that the Neotropical region has nine genera
and twenty four subgenera. Of the subgenera, nine are indigenous
and show a high differentiation as those of Culex.
Sabethini - This tribe is found from 300 latitude K. to little less
than 300 latitude S. For this reason it is absent in the Palearctic and
Nearctic regions except for the occurence of Wyeomyia smithi in the
last of these regions. This tribe reaches its greatest development in

17

ISTROD17CTION

the Neotropical region where there are five genera and sixteen subgenera which are indigenous. The other regions, as the Malagasian
subregion, have three genera, one of them indigenous. The Australasian region has one genus and four subgenera, three of them being
indigenous and the Oriental region (not counting the Malagasian subregion) has a single genus, Tripteroides.
Taking in consideration the above mentioned distribution we
can see that while the more primitive genera and subgenera are of
great disperssion, some of them restricted to the northern hemisphere,
the more specialised genera and subgenera are, in the majority of
cases, restricted to the southern hemisphere.
Limits

of the

Neotropical

region.

This region is formed by the southern portion of Mexico, all

Central and South America. It would roughly correspond to what is
politically known as Latin

America, and can be divided in two

sub-regions, namely : 1) Central America and 2) South America.
South America can be divided into several centers of endemism
and dispersal for the Culicidae. These centers (see map 1) are as
follows : - 1) Cariba, 2) Incasic, 3) Plateau, 5) Tupi and 6) Chilean.
We still belive that there is yet another center of endemism, the Patagonic (7). The area marked secas

is considered a negative subregion

for this group.
Abbreviations

used

of Neotropical

for

Institutions

CULICIDAE

are

where

types

deposited.

B. M. F. H. -

British Museum (Natural History), London, England.

Faculdade de Higiene e Satide Publica da Universidade
de S. Paulo, Brasil.
F. M. - Departamento de Parasitologia da Faculdade de Medicina
de Universidade de S. Paulo, Brasil.
I. B. - Instituto Butantan, S. Paulo, Brasil.
I. B. B. A. - Instituto Bacteriologico de1 Departamento National de
Higiene, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
I. 0. C. - Instit,uto Oswald0 Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro,
Brasil.
M. P. - Museu de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
U. S. N. M. - United States National Museum, Washington, D. C.,
U. S. A.
Descriptions

and

drawings.

We have taken the following procedure with regards to descriptions. When we do not have or have not been able to study a species,

18

t,he original descriptions or the one which we find most adequate is

given. Our own descriptions or the ones based on our material are
given with the alterations deemed necessary. Illustrations were made
witlh t,hc aid of a (amera

lucida and are schematic.

Hibliographical

entries.

We have given only the taxonomical entries relative to the status

of a species up to 1939. From this date all entries are included except,
for omission.
Acknowledgements.

The financial help given by the Fundos Universitarios de Pesyuizas da Universidade de S&o Paulo, Brasil a.nd the John Simon
Guggenheim Memorial Foundat,ion, New Yo k,

U. S. _4. enabled,
to a large extent, the publication of this monograph.
We are under great obligation for the help and ancouragement
given by the late Dr. G. H. de Paula Souza and Drs. Paulo C. A.
Antunes, Alvaro Guimarges Filho, JoZo Alves Meira and A. L. A.
Galv&o of this Faculty.
We are also greatly indebted for the unstinted help and valuable
suggestions given by Drs. Ala,n Stone of the Division of Insect Identification of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, P. F.
Mattingly and Paul Freeman of the British Museum (Natural History),
Eduardo Del Ponte of the Institut,o de Entomologia Sanitaria, Buenos
Aires, C. P. Alexander and E. I. Coher of the University of Massachussetts, A. da Costa Lima of the Escola National de Agronomia,
Rio de Janeiro, E. S6guy of the Museum National DIIistoire Naturelle
in Paris, W. H. W. Komp of the Tropical Diseases Laboratory of the
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, L. and M. Deane
of the Service National d,t Malaria, Rio de Janeiro, H. W. Kumm and
0. R. Causey of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller
Foundation, New Yo k and Renato R. Correa of the Serviso de Profilaxia de Malaria, S. Paulo.
We are deeply obliged to the Trustees of the following Institutes
who kindly put their collections at our disposal and permited t)he st,udy
of types and comparison of specimens : - U. S. National Museum,
Washington, D. C., British Museum (Natural History), London,
Institjuto Bacteriologico, Buenos Aires, Serviqo National de Febre
Amarela, Tnstituto Oswald0 Cruz, ServiCo Especial de Saude Publica
all in Rio de Janeiro and Museum DHistoire Naturelle, Paris.
The publication of this monograph was made with funds provided
by the Rectory of the University of S. Paulo, Brazil.
Most of the original illustrations were made by Mr. E. B. Ferraz
who put, the best of his hability and effort in them. Dr. A. L. ,4. Gal-

19

v%o gave us permission to use his drawings of the Anophelini. Dr. XI.
0. de Oliveira Pinto kindly loaned us the plates of Sabethini made by
Mr. 0. V. Ferreira which illustrate the work on this group made by
.J. Lane & N. I,. Cerqueira. 81x-s.M. A. 1. DAndretta helped us with
figures 276, 310, 314, 410, 414, 487, 491 a,nd 501. We have based quite
a few of our illustrations on the excellent figures made by W. H. W.
Komp, L. E. Roseboom, 0. R. Causey, L. Deane, M. Deane, M.
Palacios, L. Vargas, E. S. Ross and H. R. Roberts. To all these the
author is deeply obliged.
Dedication.

This monograph is dedicated to the memory of R. C. Shannon.

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II;.

Cient.

LYNCH

INTRODUCTION

20

PHILIPPI, R. A. - 18S5 - Aufzunlung des Chilenischen Dipteren. Verh. d. zool.bot. Ges. Vienna, 15 : 595-78.5, 7 pl. (Culicidae pgs.
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--1856 Insecta Saundersisna or characters of undescribed species in the
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WIEDEMANN,
C. W. 1828-1830 Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten.
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-__
1821 Dipiera Exotica. Kiliae.
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-__
1896 - On the Diptera of St. Vincent. Trans. Ent. Sot. Lcnd3n, 270-272.
Historical,

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J. - 1909 - No& on the mosquitoes of British Guiana. 5th. Series. British Guiana Med. An. for 1908. 25 pp.
AUTR~N, E. 1904 - Notes sur les Culicides argzntins. Act. 2nd. Cong. Med.
Latin0 Americano, 2 : 142-144.
__1907 Los mosquitos argentinos. Examen sumario sistematico de 10s
Culicidos Argentinos. An. Dep. Nat. Hyg., 14 (1) : l-38, 5 pl.
BRI~THES, J. 1905 - Insectos de Tucuman. An. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. B. Aires.
Ser. 3, 4 : 329-347.
-__
1910 - Los mosquitns de la Rep. Argentina. Arc. Cang. Cient. Int. Amer.,
1: 351.
--1911 Dipteros nuevos o poco conocidos de Sud. America.
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Nat. Hist. Nat., B. Aires, 3, 13 : 469.
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BUSCK, A. 1908 - Report or a trip for the purpose of studying the mosquito
Fauna of Panama. Smiths. Misc. Coils., Quar. Iss., N. 1795. 52 (1) : 49-77.
COQUILLETT, D. W. 1901 - Three new species of CuliczXae. Can. Ent., 33 (9) :
258-260.
1902 a - Three new species of Culex. Can. Ent., 34 (11) : 292-293.
-1902 b J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 10 : 191-200.
--1906 a - New Culicidae from the West Indies an Central America. Proc.
Ent. Sot. Wash., 7 : 182-186.
-1906 b - A classification of the mosquitoes of North and Middle America.
U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser., 11 : 7-31.
--1906 c - Five new CuEicidue from the West Indies. Can. Ent., 33 (1) : 60-62.
DYAR, H. G. - 1905 a - Illustrations of the abdominal appendages of certain mosquitoes. J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 13 : 53-56, 2 pl.
-__
1906 a On the classification of the Culicidue. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash.,
7: 188-191.
DYAR, H. G. and KNAB, G. - 1906 a - The larvae of Culicidae classified as independent organisms. J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 14 : 169-253.
--1907 a - On the classification of the mosquitoes. Can. Ent., 29 : 47-50.
FELLT, E. P. - 1904 - Mosquitoes or Culicidae of New York State. N. Y. State
Mus. Bul., 79-400 and 391 a to 391 f pp., 57 pls.
AIKEN,

IXTRODUCTION

21:

--1904 - Studies on Culicidae. N. Y. State Mus., Bul. 97 : 442-497, 19 pl.

GOELDI, E. A. - 1905 - OS mosquitcs no ParSi. Reuniiio de quatro trabalhos sobre
OS mosquitos indigenas, principalmente as espkies que molestam o homem.
Mem. Mus. Goeldi, Hist. Nat. e Etn., 4 : I-154, 20 pl.
GRABHAM, M. 1905 - Notes on some Jamaica Culicidae. Can. Ent., 37 (2) :
401-411.
-__
1906 a Notes on some mcsquitoes from Newcastle, Jamaica.
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Ent., 38 : 167-173.
--1906 b -- Four new Culicidae from Jamaica, West Indies. Can. Ent., 38
(8) : 311-320.
KR~AB, F. - 1904 - The episkmal appendages of mosquito larvae. J. N. Y. Ent.,
sot., 12 : 175-177, 1 pi.
-__
1907 - The classification of t,he Culicidae according to scale vestiture characters. Ent. News, 18 : 151-154, 1 pl.
LAHILLE, F. - 1904 - Notes sur la classification des moustiques. Actas y trabajos
de1 2.0 Cong. Med. Latin0 Amer., 11 : 71-91.
LUTZ, A. - 1905 - Novas espkies de mosquitos do Brasil. Imp. Aled., 13 (2) :
26-29 ; (3) : 48-52 ; (4) : 65--70 ; (5) : 81-84 ; (6) : 101-104 ; (7) : 125-128 ;
(8) : 169-172 ; (11) : 212-214 ; (14) : 269-271 ; (15) : 287-290 ; (16) :
311-314 ; (18) : 347-350.
MITCHELL, E. G. - 1907 - Mcsquito life.

xv + 281 pp., 54 fgs.

Neveu-Lemaire, 121.- 1902 a - Classification de la familie Culicidae. Mem. Sot.
Zool. France, 15 : 195-227.
-1902 b - Sur la classification des Culicides. C. R. Sot. Biol. Paris, 52 : 1329.
RANGEL, R. and ROBIERO-SIERRA, 1907 - These de doctorat du Dr. Romero,
Caracas, Venezuela.
THEOBALD, F. W. 1905 New Culicidae from India, Africa, British Guiana
and Australia. J. Econ. Biol., 1 : 17-36, 3 pl.
--1901 a - The ciassification of mosquitces. J. Trop. Med., 4 : 229.
Entomologist, 36 : 282.
--1903a --1905 a - A catalogue of the Culicidae in the Hungarian National Museum
with descriptions of new genera and species. An. Mus. Nat. Hung., 3 : 61-120.
THEOBALD, F. W. and GRABHAR~, M. 1905 - The mcsquitoes or Culicidae of
Jamaica. Pub. Inst. Jamaica, (B. W. I.).

Monographs.
BARRAUD, P. J. - 1934 - The fauna of British India. Diptera. Fam. Culicidae.
Tribes nlegarhinini and Culicini. London, 1 : + 463 pp.
BLANCHARD, E. - 1905 - Les moustiques. Histoire naturelle et medicale. Paris,
673 pp., 316 fgs.
BONNE, C. and BONNE-WEPSTER, J. - 1925 - The mosquitces of Surinam. Royal
Institute of Amsterdam. Dept. Trop. Hyg., & Med., n. 21 : 588 pp., 83 fgs.
BOURROUL, C. - 1904 - OS Mcsquitos do Brasil. T&e da Fat. Med. Bahia, 78 pp.
BR~THES, J. - 1912 - Los mcsquitcs de la Republica Argentina. Bol. Ins. Ent.
y Pat. Veg., 1 : l-48.
DYAR, H. G. - 1928 - The mcsquitces of the Americas. Carnegie Institution of
Washington, n. 387. 616 pp., 418 fgs.
EDWARDS, F. W. - 1932 - Fam. Culicidae. (in Wytsmann).
Genera Insectorum.
Fast. 194 : 258 pp., 5 pl.
-1941 Mosquitces ef the Ethiopian Region. III Culicine adults and
pupae. London. 499 pp., 4 pl., 183 fgs.
HOWARD, L. O., DPAR, H. G. and KNAB, F. - 1912 - The mosquitoes of North
and Central America and the West Indies. Carnegie Institution of Washington, n. 159, 1 : l-520 pp.
--1912 ibd., vol. 2 : 150 pp. of plates.

IS TKODCCTIOS

- -1915 -- ibd., vol. 3 : 523 pp.

-__
1917 ibd., vol. 4 : pp. 526-1064.
MARSHALL, J. F. - 1938 - The British Mosquitoes. London, l-341 pp., 20 pl.
MATHESON, R. 1944 - Handbook of the mosquitoes of North America, 2nd.
ed., l-313 pp., 33 pl., 42 fgs.
PIERTASS~?,A. G. 1908 - OS Culicideos do Brasil. Trab. Ins. de Manguinhos.
407 pp., ill.
S&xx-, E. 1924 - Les moustiques de 1Afrique Mineure de LEgypte
et de la
Syrie. Enc. Ent.. 1 : 257 pp., 106 fgs. 29 pl., 10 maps.
SHASNON, R. C. and DEL PONTE, E. 1927 - Los Culicidos en la Argentina.
Rev. Ins. Bact. B. Aires, 5 : 29-140, 14 fgs.
THEORALD, F. W. - 1901 - A monograph of the Czrlicidne or mosquitoes of the
World, 1 : 424 pp.
1901 -- ibd., vol. of 42 pls. + viii pp.
~- - 1901 ibd., vol. 2 : 391 pp.
-~- 1903 b ibd., vol. 3 : 359 pp.
-1905 b Fam. Cz~Zicidae (in Wytsmann).
Genera Insectorum.
Fast. 26 :
_ 1907 - A monograph of the C~!icidae or mosquitoes of the World. vol. 4 :
d39 pp.
_
1910 --~ ibti., vol. S : 646 pp.

Affinities

and

habits.

~~~~~E:-W~E:PYT~:H,
J. and BONNE, C. - 1921 - Sates on South American mosquitoes in the British Museum. Ins. Ins. &lens., 9 : l-26.
CAVSEY, 0. R. and KUXM, H. W. 1948 - Dispersion of forest mosquitoes in
Brazil. Am. J. Trop. Ned., 28 (3) : -l69--1-80.
CAUSF;Y, 0. It., Krjnrnr, H. W. and LAF,RWERT Jr., H. IV. --- 1950 - Dispersion of
forest mosquitoes in Brasil : Further studies. Am. J. Trop. JIed., 30 (2) :
301-312.
CHRISTOPHERS, S. R. and B.~RRAI.L), P. J. --- 1922 a. Descriptive terminology of
male characters of mosquitoes. Ind. J. Med. Res., 10 : 827-828.
1922 b - The development and structure of the t)erminal abdominal segments and hypopigium of the mosquito. Ind. J. Med. Res., 10 (2) : 530-572.
1923 - The structure and development, of t,he female genital organs and
hypopigium of the mosquito. Ind. J. bled. Res., 10 (3) : 6Wi20.
CRAMPTOX, G. C. - 1942 - (in Guide to the insecbtsof Connecticut. Pt. 6. Th(1
Diptera or True flies of Connecticut).
Fast. 1 : 10-165.
D_4vrs, D. E. - 1944 a - A comparison of mosquitces captured with an avian bait
at different vegetational levels. Rev. Ent., 15 : 209215.
1944 b T,arval habitats of some Brazilian mosquitoes. Rev. Em., 15 :
221-235.
~
1945 A comparison of mosquitoes captured with avian bait and with
human bait. Proc. Ent. SW. Wash., 47 : 252256.
DY.~R, H. G. 1905 b - Remarks on genitalic genera in Culicidatl. Proc. Ent .
Sot. ?jash., 7 : 47.
-~ -1921 a - Comment on Notes on South American mosquitoes in the British Museum by Bonne-Wepster and Bonne. Ins. Ins. Mens., 9 : 26-31.
1923 a Mosquitoes described by von Humboldt.
Ins. Ins. &lens., 11
(7/9) : 121-122.
DYAR, H. G. and SHANSON, R. C. - 1924 a --- The subfamilies, tribes and genera
of American Culicidae. J. Wash. ,4c. Sci., 14 : 472-486.
EDWARDS, F. W. -- 1922 - ,4 revision of the mosquitoes of t]he Palearctic Region.
Bul. Ent. Res., 12 : 263-351.
- --.
1924 - (in Barraud P. J.) - The fauna of British India. Appendix, 427-453.
-~~-~ 1930 a -- Mosquito notes. IX.
Bul. Ent. Res., 21 (3) : 287-306, 8 fgs.

-.

INTRODUCTION

-- ---~_---__-..

23

FREEBORN, S. 13. - 1924 - The terminal structures of male mosquitoes. Am. J.

Hyg., 4 (3) : 188-212, 18 fgs.
GALINDO, P., CARPENTER, S. J., and TRAE~IDO,H. - 1949 - Notes on forest mosquitoes of Panama. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 51 : 277-278.
GALINDO, P., TRAPIDO, H. and CARPENTER, S. J. 1950 Observations on
diurnal forest mosquitoes in relation to sylvan yellow fever in Panama.
Am. J. Trop. Med., 30 (4) : 533-574.
GERRY, 13. I. 1932 Morphological studies of the female genitalia of Cuban
mosquitoes. An. Ent. Sot. Am., 25 : 31-75.
.JOHANRSEN, 0. A., 1924 - Aquatic Dipt,era I. - (ornell Univ. _4gr. Exp. Sta.
Mem. 164. Pt. 1 : 34-37.
KNAB, F. 1907 An early account of the c*opulntion of Stegom.@n calopus.
J. S. Y. Ent. Sot., 15 : 13-18.
---1916 - The earliest name of the yellow fever mosquito. InR. IQS. Mens., 4
(416) : 59-60.
KO~IP, W. H. W. 1937 The nomenclature of the thoracic sclerites in the
Culicidae
and their setae. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 39 (9) : 241-252.
LAKE, J. 1951 - Svnonymy of Neotropical Cdicidae. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash.,
53 (6) : 333-336.
rlF,vI-CASTILLO, R. - 1949 - Lista provisional de 10s mosquitos &lex de1 Ecuador.
Physis, 20 (57) : 190-193.
MACFIE, J. W. S. and INGRAM, A. - 1922 - On the genital armature of the female
mosquito. An. Trop. Med. R: Par., 16 : 157.
MARTINI, E. 1923 Uber einige fur das System bedeutung;volle Merkmale
der Steckmucken.
Zool. arhb. Syst., 46 : 517-590.
--1928 Uber die Segmentale Gliederung nematocercr Diptprtbn 4. Dio
Terminalia der Culiciden und Pspchodiden. Zool. Anz., 76 (T/10) : 147-162.
PRADO, ,4. - 1934 - Observa@es sobre OSmosquitos que se criam nos entren6s das
taquaras. Bol. Biol. (L\;. Ser.), 2 (2) : 39-41.
ROOT, F. M. - 1923 - The male genitalia of some American mosquitoes. Am. .J.
Hyg., 3 (3) : 264-279, 5 pl.
REMPEL, J. G. - 1950 - A glide to the mosquito larvae of Western Canada. Can.
J. Res.. 28 : 207-248.
SHANNON, R. C. - 1931 a - The environment of some Brazilian mosquitoes. Pro(*.
Ent. Sot. Wash., 33 (1) : l-27.
---- 1931 b - On t,he classification of brazilian Culicidae with special reference:
to those which harbour yellow fever virus. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 33 :
125-163, 7 pl.

Geographical

distribution

and

catalogues.

AGUILLAR, S. G. - 1931Claves para identificar mosquitoes. Tesis de Doctorado

en medicina. San Salvador, 50 pp., 5 pl.
ANDUZE, P. J. - 1936 - Historia y distribucihn geog-gfica de 10s zancudos (Xosquitos) en Venezuela. Bol. Sot. Venezolana Cien. Xat., Caracas, 3 (28) :
307-312.
~~-1941 a - Lisla provisional de 10s zancudx hematofagx en Venezuela. 1301.
En. Venezolana, 1 (1) : 6-18.
--__
1941 b - Anotaciones sobre 10s xancudos de1 Estado de Carabobo, Venezuela. Rev. San. y As. Sot., 6 (4) : 491-508.
ANDUZE,

P. J., PIFANO, C. and VOGELSANG, E. G. - 1947 - Nomina de 10s Art&

podos vulnerantes conocidos actualmente en Venezuela. Bol. Ent. Venezolana. Numero extra, 16 pp.
ANTUNES, P. C. A. - 1937 - Informe sobre una investignci6n entomol6gica realizada en Colombia. Rev. Fat. Med., Bog)&
6 (2) : 3-29.
.--1938 - Xota s8bre culicideos e fleb6tomos encontrados em certos municipios

24

INTRODUCTION

do E. de S. Paulo, contemporaneamente a surtos epidemicos de febre amarela silvestre. An. Fat. Med., Montevideo, 23 (11/12) : 1-16.
ARNETT Jr., R. H. - 1947-1950 - Notes on the distribution, habits, and habitats
of some Panama mosquit,oes. J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 55 : 185-200 ; 56 : 175-193
57 : 233-251 ; and 58 : 99-115.
BEQUAERT, J. 1924-1925 - Medical and Economic Entomology.
XV (Pt. 2).
Insecta. Culicidae.
Med. Rept. of the Hamilton-Rice
7th. expedition to
the Amazon, in conjunction with the Dept. of Trop. Med. of Harvard Univ.
Contribution from the Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. and Med., 4 :
BODKIN, G. E. 1921 The mosquitoes of British Guiana. J. Bd. Agr. Br.,,
Guiana, 14 (4) : 251-261.
Report of the government economic biologist. An. Rept. Dept,
-1920 Sci. Agr., 1919, Ap. 3: 9.
Rept. Dept. Ser. Agr., 1919, Ap. 3 : 9.
BONNE-WEPSTER, J. and BONNE, C. - 1919 - Diagnosis of new mosquitoes from
Surinam with a note on synonymy. Ins. Ins. Mens., 7 :165-180.
Mus. Hist. Nat., B. Aires, 16 : 277-305.
1920 - Description dun nouveau moustique du PBrou. Rev. Chilena de
H. Nat., 24 (2/P) : 41-43.
CAMPOS, F. 1925 Mosquitos de Guayaquil y alrededores. Rev. Col. Nat.
Vicente Rocafuerte, 12 (40/41) : 3-11.
--1930 a - Contribucicin al estudio de 10s mosquitos que habitan la ciudad y
zonas adyacentes. Rev. Col. Nat. Vicente Rocafuerte 12 (40/41) : 3-11.
-1930 b Entomologia medica. Mosquitos peligrosos. Rev. Col. Nat.
Vicente Rocafuerte, 12 (40/41) : 23-25.
CERQUEIRA, N. L. - 1943 - Lista dos mosquitos da Bolivia. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz,
39 (1) : 15-36, 1 mapa, 1 fig.
__1943 - Algumas especies novas da Bolivia, e referencia a t&s espbcies de
Haemagogus. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 39 (1) : 1-14, 4 pl.
CHAGAS, C. 1908 a Zeit. f. Hyg. Infekt., 59 : 321-000.
--1908 b Rev. Med. S. Paulo, 11 : 391-000.
CHAGAS, E., CUNHA, A. M. e CASTRO, G. M. 0. - 1937 - Leishmaniose visceral
americana. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 32 (3) : 325-389, 45 pls.
CHAGAS, E. et al., - 1938 - Leishmaniose visceral Americana. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz,
33 (1) : 89-229, 40 pls.
DAMPF, A. - 1935 - Nuevos dados sobre la fauna de 10s mosquitos de Mexico.
Rev. Mexicana Biol., 16 (1) : l-4.
DAVIS, N. C. and SHANNON, R. C. - 1931 - Further attempts to transmit yellow
fever with mosquitoes of S. America. Am. J. Hyg., 14 (3) : 715-722.
DUNN, L. H. - 1919 - Report on the mosquitoes caught by hand in t,he Canal
Zone from Feb. lst., 1916 to Jan. 31st., 1917. Proc. Med. As., Isthmian
Canal Zone, 10 (2) : 145-169.
1929 Notes on some insects and other arthropods affecting man and
animals in Colombia. Am. J. Trop. Med., 9 : 493-508.
DURHA~I, E. H. E. and MYERS, W. -- 1902 - Report of the yellow fever expedition
to Par&, of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Medical Parasitology. Liv. Sch. of Trop. Med. Mem and Thompson Yates Lab. Rept.,
4 : 485-563.
DYAR, H. G. - 1906 a - Illustrations of mosquito larvae. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash.,
8 : 15-21, 5 pl.
1918 New American mosquitoes. Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 : 120-129.
-1919 A note on Argentine mosquitoes. Ins. Ins. Mens., 7 : 85-89.
-1921 j The mosquitoes of Argentina. Ins. Ins. R/lens., 9 : 148-150.
-1922 Notes on Tropical American mosquitoes. Ins. Ins. Mens., 10 :
188-196, 8 fgs.

INTRODUCTION

--.__---

25

1923 a Mosquito notes. Ins. Ins. Mens., 11 : 64-72, 1 pl.

1923 a - The mosquitoes of Panama. Ins. Ins. Mens., 11 : 167-186.
1924 j Mosquitoes from Chile. Ins. Ins. Mens., 12 : 128-131.
1925 b Some new mosquitoes from Colombia.
III.
Ins. Ins. Mens.,
13 : 21-24.
-1925 e Some mosquitoes from Ecuador. Ins. Ins. Mens., 13 : 27-31.
1925 h The mosquitoes of Panama. Ins. Ins. Mens., 13 : 101-195.
-1925 i Some mosquitoes from Venezuela. Ins. Ins. Mens., 13 : 213-216.
-1926 f Notes on Panama mosquitoes. Ins. Ins. Mens., 14 : 111-114.
DYAR, H. G. & KNAB, F. 1906 b - Diagnoses of new species of mosquitoes.
Proc. Biol. Sot. Wash., 19 : 133-142.
1906 c Notes on some American mosquitoes with descriptions of new
species. Proc. Biol. Sot. Wash., 19 : 159-172.
1907 a - New American mosquitoes. J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 15 : 100-101.
1907 d - Descriptions of some American mosquitoes. J. N. Y. Ent. Sot.,
15 : 9-13.
1907 f - Descriptions of new mosquitoes from the Panama Canal Zone. J.
N. Y. Ent. Sot., 15 : 197-212.
1908 a Description of some new mosquitoes from Tropical America.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 35 : 53-70.
1908 c - Notes on mosquito work. Can. Ent., 40 : 309-312.
1909 - Descriptions of some new species and a new genus of mosquitoes.
Smiths. Misc. Colls., Quar. Iss., 52 : 253-266.
1909 a - Description of three new American mosquitoes. Proc. Ent. SOL
Wash., 11 : 173-174.
1909 b - Description of some new species and a new genus of American
mosquitoes. Smiths. Misc. Colls., Quar. Iss., 52 : 253-267.
1909 c - Description of a new mosquito from Cuba. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash.,
11: 39.
DYAR, H. G. and NU~EZ TOVAR, M. 1926 - Notes on biting flies from Venezuela. Ins. Ins. Mens., 14 : 152-155 and 190.
-1927 Notas sobres nuevos dipteros haematofagos
de Venezuela.
Translation of the below mentioned paper.
--1928 Descriptions of new species of mosquitoes from Venezuela. Am.
J. Hyg., 8 (1) : 89-92.
DYAR, H. G. & SHANNON, R. C. - 1924 - The subfamilies, tribes, and genera of
American Culicidae. J. Wash. AC. Sci., 14 (20) : 472-486, 4 figs.
-1925 - New mosquitoes from Brasil. J. Wash. AC. Sci., 15 : 39-41.
EDWARDS, F. W. 1929 Culicidae. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile,
2 : 99-110.
-1934 - Oxford University expedition to British Guiana. 1929. An. & Mag,
Nat,. Hist., 40 : 632-635.
EDWARDS, F. W. and Box, H. E. - 1940 - Notes on mosquitoes. An. & Msg.
Nat. Hist., 5 : 314-322.
EVANS, A. M. 1921 - Notes on Culicidae collected in Venezuela. An. Trap.
Med. & Par., 15 (4) : 445-454, 2 pl.
--1923 - Notes on Culicidae in Venezuela with descriptions of new species.
An. Trop. Med. & Par., 17 (1) : 101-111, 5 fgs.
-1924 Descriptions of new mosquitoes from South America. J. Trap.
Med. & Par., 18 : 363-375, 7 fgs.
EVAXS, A. M. and WALKER, G. R. 1935 Notes on Brazilian mosquitoes :
Species observed in the Amazon Valley and record of Aedes albifasciatus
invading a ship in harbour. An. Trop. Med. & Par., 29 : 463-467.
FISZIER, H. C. - 1920 - Report of the Health department of the Panama Canal
for the Calendar year 1919. 134 pp., 20 pl.
GORDON, R. M. and EVANS, A. M. - 1922 - Mosquitoes collected in the Manaos
region of the Amazons. An. Trop. Med. & Par., 16 (3) : 315-338.

26

IV.
C. 1913 - Sanitary organisation of the Isthmian Canal. J. Ass.
Med. Bul., 28 : 192-222.
HECHT, 0. and ANDTXE, P. J. - 1942 - Contributi6n al conocimiento de la fauna
Culicidiana de la parte Xorte de la Guayana Venezolana. Rev. Ent. Ven.,
3 (3) : 105-118.
HILL, R. B. and HILL, C. M. 1945 - A list of mosquitoes found in Jamaica.
Cat. Ins. Jamaicensis, supl. 3 pp.
~---- 1948 - The mosquitose of Jamaica. Bul. Ins. Jamaica. Sci. Ser., 4 : 60 pp.,
10 pl.
HUXTER, W. D. 1900 - Catalogue of the Diptera of South -4merica. Trans.
Am. Ent. Sot., 26 : 260-298.
KERTESZ, C. - 1902 - Cat#alogus Ii?terorum.
Mus. Xat. Hungaricum, 1 : 338 pp.
KNAB, F. - 1915 - (in Strong et al.) - Xotes on Peruvian mosquit,oes and mosquito literature.
Rept. of the first expedition to South America, 1913. Harvard School of Trop. Med., z4p., III, pp. 212-217.
KO~IP, W. H. W. - 1936 - An annotated list of t,he mosquitoes found in the vicinity of an endemic focus of yellow fever in the Republic of Colombia. Proc.
Ent. Sot. Wash., 38 (4) : 57-70.
KUlrlhf,
H. W. - 1931 - The geographical distribution of the yellow fever vectors.
Am. J. Hyg., (Mon. Ser. 12) : 110 pp.
KTJMM,
H. W. and FROBISHER, 11. 1932 - Attempts to transmit yellow fever
with certain Brazilian mosquitoes and with bedbugs. Am. J. Trop. Med.,
12 (5) : 349-361.
Kuhfnr, II. W. and NOVIS, 0. - 1938 - Mosquito studies on the Ilha de MarajG,
Par& Brazil. Am. J. Hyg., 27 (3) : 498-515.
KUNN, H. W. and SOTO, H. RXJIZ - 1940 - The mosquitoes of Costa Rica. Am.
J. Trop. Med., 20 : 385-422.
Kvnrnf, H. W. and ZUNIGA, H. - 1942 --- The mosquitoes of El Salvador. Am. J.
Trop. Med., 22 (4) : 399-415.
LAKE,
J. 1933 - Notas sobre a distribui@o geographica dos Culicideos de S.
Paulo. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 4 (2) : 72-75.
-- ~~ 1935 - Notas sobre Culicideos de Rifaina. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 6 (2) : 74-78.
1936 a - Notas sobre Culicideos de Mato Grosso. Rev. Mus. Paul., 20 :
173-206, 4 pl.
~
1936 b Notas sobre mosquitos de Sao Paulo. Rev. Mus. Paul., 20 :
GORGAS,

229436.
1936 c - Notas sobrcl mosquit,os de Sao Paulo.

Ins. Hyg. de S. Paulo, Bol.

00 : 16 pp., 5 pl.
t936 d Notas sobre investigs@es entomol6gicas em localidades onde
halve fkbre amarela silvestre em Sao Paulo. 1. parte. Arch. Hyg. & Sau.
Pub., 2 : 127-133.
t937 ibd. 2nd. part. 3 : 123-130.
~
1939 -- Cat&logo dos mosquitos neotrbpicos. Bol. Biol., (Ser. Mon.), n. 1 :
xiii + 218 pp.
-~
1949 - Zoogeography of the Culicidae in the world. Ar. Mus. Paranense
7 : 247-267.
LAKE, J. and GUIMAR~S, L. 1937 Notas sobre culicideos de Campos do
Jordgo. An. Paul. Med. Cir., 33 (3) : 211-217, 1 pl., 1 fg.
LEE, D. J. - 1944 -- An atlas of the mosquito larvae of the Australasian region.
Tribes Megarhinini
and Culicini.
Dept. Zool. Univ. Svdne.y, 199 pp.,
85 pl., 1 map.
LECER, 31. - Contribution a l&ude de la faune culicidienne de la Guyane
franqaise. Bul. Sot. Pat. Exot., 11 :
T,Ix~, A. DA COSTA 1914 - ContribuicBo para o estudo da biologia dos culicideos. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 6 (1) : 18-33.
- 1916 - Contribui&o
para o estudo da biologia dos culicideos. Mem. Ins.
0. Cruz, 8 (1) : 44-49.

INTKODUCTIOS

LUDLOW, C. S. - 1913 - Disease bearing mosquitoes of North and Central America, the West Indies and the Philippine Islands. War Dept. Office Surgeon
Gen., Bul. 4 : 97 pp., 30 fgs. 27 pls.
LUTZ, A. - 1912 - Contribuiqgo para o estudo da biologia dos dipteros hematcifagos. Mcm. Ins. 0. Cruz, 4 : 75-83.
__-1928 - Estudios de zoologia y parasitologia Venezolanas. 133 pp., 26 pl.
T,T~Tz,A. and MCIACHADO, 8. - 1915 - Viajem pelo rio S. Francisco e por alguns dos
seus afluentes entrc Pirapcira (3 .Joazeiro. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 7 (1) : 5-50,
18 pl.
Mrlc
DON_~LD,
A. 1917 - Notes on blood sucking flies in Grenada. Bul. Ent.
Res., 7 (3) : 259-264.
MARTINI, E. 1931 a - Die Ausbeute der deutschen Chaco-Expedition 1925/6.
XXV Culicidae. Konowia, 10 (2) : 116-120.
--~ 1931 b - Ueber einigc sudamerikanische Culiciden. Rev. Ent., 1 : 199-219.
--1935 - Los mosquitos de Mexico. Dep. Sal. Pub. (Bol. Tech. Ser. A. n. l),
67 pp., 11 fgs.
MATHESOS, R. - 1934 -- Sates on mosquitoes from South America, with a description of a new species. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 36 : 120-122.
Notes on mosquitoes. Daily Argosy, 62, 11, 26.
MOORE, H. W. B. Aug. 29, Sept. 20 Oct.
MULLIN-DIAZ, E. - 1947 - A prop&it0 de algunas especies de Culicini nuevas
para el Uruguay. An. Ins. Hig., iMontevideo, 1 (1) : 135-155.
NEIVA, A. and BARBARIC, B. 1916 - Contribucibn al estudio de 10s Artr6podcs
hematofagx de la Rep. Argentina. Bol. Dep. Nat. Hyg., 2 (2) : 17-35.
_
1917 - Mosquitos Argentinos. 1. conf. Sot. S. Americana de Hig. Micr.
Pat., B. Aires, pp. 395-401, 6 fgs.
NEIV,Q, A. and PENNA, B. - 1916 - Viagem cientifica pelo Korte da Bahia, Sudoeste de Pernambuco, Sul do Piaui e de Norte a Sul de Go&s. Mem. Ins.
0. Cruz, 8 (3) : 74-224, 1 map, 28 est., 116 fgs.
NEVEU-LEMMAIRE, M. - 1902 - Description de quelques moustiqur s de la Guyanc.
Ar. Par., 6 : 5-25, 15 fgx
NEWSTEAD, R.. and THOMAS, H. If. 1910 - The mosquitoes of t,hc Amazon
region. An. Trop. Med. & Par., 4 : 141-150.
OLIVEIRA, S. J. - 1942 - Sobre OS mosquitos do E. de Mato Gross0 corn a descriqao clo macho de Tneniorh?/lnchus (Rhyncholaenia) shannoni. Rev. Bras.
Biol., 2 : 209-212.
PATERSON, G. and SHANNON, R. C. - 1927 a - Mosquitos de Embarcacicin (Salt,a).
3.a Reun. Sot. Arg. Pat. Reg. N., 649-658.
1927 - Mosquitos de Embarcacibn (Salta) con notas sobre la zona biologica de1 Chaco. Bol. Ins. Clin. Cir., B. -4., 3 : 757-766.
PAZOS, J. H. - 1909 - Contribucidn al estudio de 10s mosquitos de Cuba. San.
y Ben., 2 (1): 29-63.
--1904 - Liste de moustiques de Cuba. Bul. Sot. Ent. France, 134-135.
PERYAS&, A. G. - 1922 - Considera@es medico-sanit&rias e biologicas do Vallc
do Rio Dote. A Fl. Med., 3 (13114): 145-148, and 157-164.
_-_1923 - Cat&log:, das subfamilias, g&neros e esp&ies de mosquitos do Brasil.
A Fl. Med., 4 : 69-71, 74-76, 85-87.
PETROCCHI, J. - 1923 - Estado actual de la sistem&t,ica de 10s Cztlicinae (mosquitos) en la Rep. Argentina.
Enumeracibn de Esphcies. Rev. Ins. Bact. B.
Aires, 3 : 83-93.
- - 1924 Mosquitos transmissores. Guia de su classification.
Dep. Nat.
Hig., B. Aires.
PINTO, C. 1930 a Arthropodes parasit,os e transmissores de mol&tias.
1:
l-397 and 2 : 397-843, ill.
.-- -- 1930 b - Mosquitos da regiao neotrcipica. 1. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 23 (3) :
153-157, 2 pl.

28

--

INTRODUCTION

1932 - Alguns rro;quitos do Brasil e do Oriente da Bolivia. Rev. Med.

Cir. Bras., 40 (10) : 285-296, 17 fgs.
1938 - Zooparasitos de interesse medico e veterinario. 154-174, fgs. 59-70,
pls. 51-59.
PINTO, C. and CERQUEIRA, N. L. - 1940 - Chaves para identificacao dos Culicineos Brasileiros transmissores de doengas. Mos. R. G. do Sul. (in Silveira
Neto, A. - Mosquitos do Rio Grande do Sul). 21 pp., 12 figs.
PRADO, A. - 1931 - Contribuicao para o conhecimento dos culicideos de S. Paulo.
Mem. Ins. Butantan, 6 : 193-212, 3 pl.
PRIMIO, R. DI - 1935 - Alguns culicideos do Rio Grande do Sul. Considera@es
nosologicas a respeito. Ar. Riograndenses de Med., 14 : l-38.
RIPSTEIN, C. - 1935 - Los mosquitos de1 Valle de Mexico. An. Ins. Biol. Mexico,
6 : 63-70.
ROOT, F. M. 1922 - Notes on mosquitoes and other bloodsucking flies from
Porto Rico. Am. J. Hyg., 2 (4) : 394-405, 5 fgs.
-1924 Notes on blood-sucking arthropods collected at Tela, Honduras
and Port Limon. United Fruit Co., Med. Dept., 207-209.
-1927 - Note on the mosquito fauna of the Rep. of Haiti. Am. J. Hyg., 7
(4) : 463-469.
1929 (in Hegner, R., Root, F. M. and Augustine! D. L.). Animal Parasitology. With species reference to man and domestrcated animals. xxi + 731
pp., 280 fgs.
RONNA, E. - 1924 - Apontamentos sobre a microfauna Rio Grandense. Egatea,
9 (2/3) : 267-269.
ROSE, F. G. - 1921 - Report of the government bacteriologist, British Guiana.
Proc. Roy. Sot. Med., Sect. Trop. Dis & Par., 14 (8) : 1-17.
Russo, G. - 1927 - Informe de entomologia agricola dominicana. Inf. Est. Nat.
Agron. Col. Agric. Moca, 2 : 33-244.
SENEVET, G. 1936 Les moustiques dc la IMartinique.
Arch. Ins. Pasteur
dAlgerie,
14 (2) : 123-134, 5 fgs.
-1938 - Les moustiques de la Guadeloupe. Ar. Ins. Pasteur dAlgerie, 16
(2) : 176-190, 5 fgs.
-1941 - Les moustique de la Martinique
(2e. Memoire).
Ar. Ins. Pasteur
dAlg&ie,
19 (2) : 248-264.
SERRE, P. A. 1921 - Insects piquantas et parasites au Costa Rica. Bul. Mus.
Nat. Hist. Nat., 27 : 2 pp.
SHANNON, R. C. - 1930 a - RelaMrio de uma rapida investiga&o de mosquitos
em Recife. 0 Saneamento, 8 (12/13) :
1930 b - Relatorio de uma inspeccao de mosquitos na cidade de Bomfim,
Bahia. 0 Saneamento, 8.
-1931 - List of species of Argentine Culicidae. 6.a Reun. Sot. Arg. Pat.
Reg. N., B. Aires, 494-500.
SHANNON, R. C., WHITMAN, L. and FRANCA, M. - 1938 - Yellow fever in jungle
mosquitoes. Science, 88 : 110-111.
SILER, J. F. - 1916 - Medical notes on Jamaica. Am. J. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med.,
3 (8) : 433-458.
__1933 - Report of the Health Dept. of the Panama Canal for the Calendar
Year of 1932. Med. Svo., 94 pp.
SILVEIRA NETTO, A. 1941 - Mosquitos do Rio Grande do Sul. Teze, 101 pp.
SOPER, F. L. et al., - 1933 - Study of a rural epidemic in the Valle do Chanaan.
Am. J. Hyg., 18 (3) : 555-587.
SURCOUF, J. and GONZALES-RINCONES, R. - 1911Dipteres piqueurs et succeurs
de sang actuellement connus de la Republique de Venezuela. Ar. Par., 15 :
248-314, 43 fgs.
--1911 - Essai sur les diptdres vulnerants du Venezuela. Paris.
TALICE, R. V. - 1930 - A proposito de 10s Culicinae e Aedine de1 Uruguay, classificados por Edwards. An. Fat. Med. Montevideo, 4 : 238-244.

INTRODtTCTION

29

THEOBALD, F. V. and GRABHAM, M. 1905 - The mosquitoes of Culicidae of

Jamaica. Pub. Ins. Jamaica (B. W. I.).
TH~ZE, J. - 1916 - Pathologie de la Guyane franGaise. Bul. Sot. Pat. Exot., 9 :
THOMAS, H. W. - 1906 - First report of the expedition to the Amazon, Lancet, 2 :
Tov~~R, IM. NU~EZ - 1921 - Insectos Venezolanos trasmisores de enfermidades.
3. Cong. Ven. Med., 1 :
--1924 a - Indice Dipterologico de Venezuela con la contribution Geografica
por Estados. 4. Cong. Ven. Med.,
--1924 b - Mosquitos y flebotomos de Venezuela. 4.0 Gong Ven. Med.
TOWNSEND, C. H. T. 1934 Mosquitos of the Rio Tapajos. Rev. Ent., 4 :

486-499.
TULLOCH, G. S. - 1937 - The mosquitoes of Puerto Rico. J. Agr. Univ. P. Rico,
21 (2) : 137-167, 8 fgs., 1 map.
VARGAS, L. - 1940 - Clave para identificar algunos generos de mosquitos americanes, utilieando 10s caracteres de 10s adultos. Rev. Ins. Enf. Trop., 1
(2) : 189-198.
WEYEIVBERGH, H. - 1882 - Los habitantes (vertebrados y invertebrados) de1 rio
Primeiro.
Montevideo, Uruguay.
\TIIITMAN, I,. and ANTUNES, P. C. A. - 1937 - Studies on the capacity of various
Brazilian mosquitoes of the genus Psorophora, Aedes, Mansonia and Culex
to transmit yellow fever. Am. J. Trop. Med., 17 (6) : 803-823.

Before the study of the different groups we have decided to give

key for the sub-families of CUIICIDAE.
Key for the subfamilies

of CULICIDAE.

Flagellum with fourteen segments ; subcostal vein ending before

or at the origin of the second vein ; wing very long ; body
and wing wit)hout scales ; mouth parts as long as or shorter
than the length of clypeus ; eyes nearly united below, broadly
separated above ; haltere as long as or longer than the width
.
_ Dixinae
of thorax . . .
Flagellum with thirteen segments ; subcostal vein ending quite
beyond the origin of the second vein ; veins with scales J eyes
approximated above ; haltere shorter than width of thorax. .2
2. Proboscis short, less than three times the length of clypeus ; body
sparsely covered witch scales ; scales narrow ; palpus curved
inwards and with five segments
...
. ChaoborinaP
Proboscis long, longer than thorax ; body covered with scales,
t,hese frequently broad ; palpus straight or curved outwardly
a,nd wit,h four segments or less
. Cu licinac
I.

Subfamily- DIXINAE.
We consider this as a subfamily of t)he ir&cidac NS Edwards
(1929, 1932) and Johannsen (1934) have done although several authors
have given it a family rank.
Characters
Adult : Scaleless, covered only by hairs. Head
and mouth parts short and not adapted for sucking. Palpus five
segmented, the first globose, the others long and bent inwards. Clypeus shorter than the length of head. Antenna with developed scapc
which is nearly as large as torus ; flagellum filiform and with fourteen
segments in both sexes. Eyes large, reniform, wide apart above but
nearly united below.
Thorax sparsely hairy.
Abdomen without
scales. Male genitalia without a basal lobe on basistyle, the apical
lobe developed. Dististyle simple. Ninth tergite developed. Wing
very long and without< scales on veins. Subcost,al vein ending at base
of second vein ; second vein with oblique and short, stem, the branches
parallel and usually bending downwards ; fourth vein with long stem,
* This key is a modification
and Edwards (1932).

of the ones given by TIywr and Shannon (1924~)

Fig.

7.

Dixa

(Dixella)

Original.

torrentia

Lanr,

1939.

Profile

of adult male to show habitus.

D I

33

A E

the branches short. Squamula nude. Haltere very long and developed,
generally longer than the width of t borax. Legs long, comaeelongate
and developed.
Pupa Abdomen elongate. Paddles fused basally. Tergites
with median tubsrcles.
Larva Elongak, nearly cylindrical. Head short. Maxillary
palpus antenna-like. Ventral pseudopods present and in pairs on the
under portion of the first and second abdominal segments as well as
in the fifth and sixth, or fifth to seventh segments, when they take tl~e
form of sclerotized plates (functioning as pseudopods). Posterior spiracles surrounded by a complex valvular process, the anterior and
posterior valves surrounded by hairs. Anal segment elongate and
without brush.
Note Two genera are considered as valid in this subfamily.
They arc IXxu and LVeodixa. The genus Neodixa, from New Zealand,
is monot8ypical and characterized by n peculiar type of wing venation,
one of the branchx of the second vein being absent. Edwards (1932)
thinks that such a character can 1)~ anomalous since the single species
is rcpresentcd by one specimen.
Genus DIVA
1818

Dixa

hleigen,

Syst.

Beschr.,

1916

Eriopterites

Meunicr,

T;erh.

1924

Dixella
and Dixapelln
and marginata
Loew.

1924

Paradixa

1930

Nothodixa

Tonnoir,
Edwards,

Meigen, 1818.

Type

Pat.

Rlus.,

mncuZata.

Amsterdam

:md Shannon,

Cant.

Dipt.

218 -

Akad.,

Dy.w

Rec.

Ins.

223 -

S: S. Chile,

(2),

18,

Ins.

hlens.,

Type

(31, 15 -

nco:elandiea

101 -

Type

Tl.pe

12 : 201 -

iwtiurius
Typms lirio

Mermirr.
D.

&z S.

Tonnoir.

campbelli

Ales.

Of the five subgenera into which this genus is subdivided only

two of t.hem are found in our region. WC will not give generic characters because they are the same as subfamily ones. Below we present a key for the subgenera and species found in our region. Fig. 7
serves to show the habitus of the flies belonging to this genus.
Key

for

the

subgenera
adn

and
Dixella.

species

of

Nothodisa

1. Upper mesepimera,l setae present and in a tuft ; antenna a little

longer than t.he length of the thorax, the first flagellar segments
fusiform, distinct and much broader than rest of flagellum ;
male genitalia with the apical lobe of basistyle little developed
(restricted to the Chilean center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.
Cpper mesepimeral setae a.bsent ; antenna generally two or three
times the length thorax, first flagellar segments indistinct and
about as wide as the other segments ; male genit,alia with the
* The present key is an alteration

of the one compiled by J. Lane (1942).

apical lobe of the dististyle developed and half as long as length

of basistyle or even longer
. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
Subgenus Nothodixa.
Head completely blackish . .
...... .
. . . . . 3.
Head yellowish ; wing with dark brownish marking on t,he anterior margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c?zilensis
3. Haltere yellowish throughout ; genit{alia of male with the penis
sheath longer than the abdomen ; female with the 8th. aternite
bzre at base and flattened setze on lower lobe of cerci. . ensifera
tfalterc
wif h yellow stem and brown knob ; genit,alin normal . .

2 .

afrovittata
nitida

. 3.
4. Wing ornamented with spots
.
. . 8.
Wing without spots
. .....
.
5. Wing with a single spot in the center . . . . . . . . .
. . . 6.
Wing with other spots as well . .
.. .. . .
. . . . . 7.
6. M~~onotum with three black velvety marks . . . . . . . argeniina
Mesonotum brown, the marks dark brown ,
. . wygodxinskyi
7. Abdomen blackish . .
.
.
. trinifmsis
. cln~dus
Abdomen dark brow:!? . . . . . . . .
..
8. Mesonot,um with three rounded spots of a velvety black color. 9.
Without such spots on mesonotum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.
9. Pleura with an irregular transversal band of a velvety black
color...............................................
alra
Two blackish spots on pleura, the first on propleura and reaching t)he anterior margin of sternopleura and lower portion of
posterior pronotum ; the second on posterior margin of ster.
..
.
. . Zimai
nopleura jus;t above meron . . . . . .
. . . II.
10. Anterior portion of mesonotum without a silvery spot . . .
Mesonotum yellowish, with a large spot on anterior portion giving off a silvery sheen in certain angles ; pleura yellowish
with two transverse brown bands ; upper portion of head
silvery ; male genitalia with the basiatyle as broad as long,
apical lobe about one third the length of bxistyle and ending
in three stout setse ; dististyle slightly longer t,han basistyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . andeana
11. Mesonotum light or dark brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.
Mesonotum brilliant black with yellowish border that, from the
anterior portion reaches root of wing ; male genitalia with
basistyle broader than long, apical lobe longer than height

of this structure ; dististyle longer than basistyle . . . . . . . . Zirio

12. Pleura wit.h transversal stripes which always include a black

spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.
Pleura without :I black spot ; transversal bands may, however,
15.
bc p1x5:,nt . . . . .._........................_...........
13. Without two small rounded spots on mesonotum besides the
three large ones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.
With such spots ; pleura with a single band, the black spot on
Aernopleura ; occiput yellowish ; propleura blackish. . hoffmani
14. Occiput yellowish ; pronotrtl lobe brown on top, yellow below ;
propleura yellowish ; legs yellowish, male genitalia with basistyle wider than long, apica,l lobe shorter than baGstyle and
without setae or modified strl:ctrrre~ at apes ; dististyle longer
than length of basistyle . . . . .
. ...
. . venexuclensis
Occiput blackish : pronotal lobe dark brown ; propleura brown ;
legs dark brown ; male genit,alia with bas&ylz longer than
wide, apical lob:: nearly as long as basistyle and wit,h three
apic2.l t?cth ; dististyle one and n half times the length of
..
.
chapcade~zsis
bnsistyle and modified at ap?s
15. Pronotal lobe brown. .
. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 16.
Pronotxl lobe blackish ; pleura with two bands ; a.ntenna with
blackish torus ; haltere with darkened knob ; r-m with stem
of 2nd. and 3rd. veins anastomozcd for a short length after
r-m ; male genitalia with the apical lobe nearly as long as
basistyle and bare ; dististyle one and a half times as long as
.... ......
. . . . . . . . . . . peruviana
basistyle .
16. Median mesonotal spot indistinct
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.
Median mesonotal spot distinct and of the same color as the two
lateral ones ; clypeus as long as one and a half to twice the
grea.test width ; wing with stem of 2nd. vein and 3rd. anastomozing for a short length after r-m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clavulus
17. Mcsonotum lighter anteriorly, darker posteriorly ; m-cu before
fork of second and third vens ; male genitalia with the basist!yle longer than wide, t,he apical lobe shorter than the basistyle and ending in a point, dististyle slightly longer than basistyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . torrentia
Mcsonotum dark brown, bordered with yellow on fore portion,
up to root, of wing ; plxra with transversal band ; stem of
2nd. and 3rd. vein with lxs than half the length of these veins ;
male genitalia wit,h basistyle lit,tle longer than wide ; apical
lobe slightly longer than basistyle and bare ; dististyle more
than twice the length of basistyle . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . shannoni
The males of the following species are unknown : - clavulus
Williston, afra Lane and hoffmani Lane.

36

s I

As the pupae and larvae of only a few species are known there is
no need of keys for them.
Subgenus SOTHODIXA
1930

Nothodim

1912

Lane,

Rev.

Edwards,
Ent.,

Dipt.
13

Pat.

& S. Chile,

Edwards,

2 : 101 -

type

1930.

campbtlii

_Ucx.

: 8.3.

Subgeneric diagnosis : - (taken from Edwards, 1930). Antennae

still shorter than in subgenus LXxa, not longer than thorax ; first five
or six flagellar segments all quite distinct from one another and more
or less fusiform ; first flagellar segment, almost oval, at most three
times as long as broad. Numerous short hairs present on sternopleura,
and at least a few (often many) on mesepimeron in both sexes. Hypopygium much as in subgenus Diva. Wings with vein M. usually hairy
to near base. Cross vein r-m always well before fork of Its.
Larva with dorsal hair-crowns on each of segments 2-7 ; ventral
ambulatory plates present only on segments 5 and G ; otherwise as
in subgenus Dimu.
The above mentioned genus has, up to the present, ten species.
Of these six are found in the Australasian region while t)he remaining
four are restricted to the Chilean center of the Seotropical region.
The Neohropical species are : - chilmsis Alesander, nihdn Edwards,
msifera Edwards, and atroviffata Edwards.
Dixa

(Nothodixa)

1913

Diva

Alexander,

1930

Dixa

(No&xGm),
Edwards,

Ent.

News,

21:
Dipt.

Alexander,

chilensis

1913

176.
Kl.t.

8: s.

Chile,

10F.

Male Mouth parts reduced, brown. Clypeus longer than broad, yellow
in the middle, brown on the sides, covered with sparse, short, pubescence. Palpus
blackish ; third segment slightly shorter than second *, fourth longest. Antenna
with reduced, yellowish scape ; torus longer than broad, large, mostly brown,
yellowish at extreme base ; flagellum as long as thorax ; first flagcllar segment
twice the greatest width, the broadest, 2nd. also fusiform, shorter and slenderer
than the first, 3rd. with a more cylindrical shape, the other segments becoming
cylindrical and losing their distinctiveness ; first four segmeuts with longer setae.
Occiput yellowish pruinose with distinct sublateral brown marks.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown. Propleura blackish. Mesonotum yellow with
three dark brown marks whose margins are bordered with black ; the median
mark goes from the anterior margin to near scutellum ; the lateral ones from about
anterior third reach scutellum ; covering formed by a double row of setae. Scutellum yellowish in the middle, on the sides brown. Pleura with two brown transversal stripes ; posterior pronotum yellowish and slightly darker in the middle ;
first stripe from anterior coxa to over apex of third one : second stripe from propleura reaches the base of hal_tere. Postnotum dark brown.
Legs. Fore cosa dark-brown,
mid and hind ones yellow.
Trochanteres
yellow with an internal dark spot. Femora and tibiae of fore :~nd mid pzirs yellow
* Unless otherwise stated, all our measurements are approximate.

with the apex brown ; hind pair with yellow femur but brown markings larger ;
corresDonding tibia dark brown, blackish at apex and yellow preapically.
Wing with veins and spots as in fig. 8. Hnltere with pale stem and black
knob.

Fig.

8.

Dixa

(Nothodixa)

chilensis

Alexander,

1013.

Wing.

Original.

Abdomen with dark brown tergites, covering formed by pale hairs. Sternites yellowish and very sparsely setose.
Genitalia (fig. 9) : Basistyle as broad as long. Dististyle two thirds the leng$h

Fig.

Fig.

0.

Fig.

9.

Diva

(Nothodira)

chilcnsis

Fig.

11.

Dixa
(Nothodixa)
Ilitida
Original.
dististyles.

Alexander,
Edwards,

1013.
19::O.

1lnlc
Males

11.
genitalia.

geilifalia.

Original.
Cnsistyles

and

of basistyle, broad, pointed apically.

Rlesosome short, elongate, blunt at apex.
Tenth sternites subtriangular and with long hairs on inner margin.
Female Similar to male.
Pupa and larva Unknown.

1) 1 s I s .I

3s

Type locality Distribution -

Dixa

Chile, Conception. Type in Ungarischen National

Chile and Argentina.

(Nothodixa)

nitida

Museum.

Edwards, 1930.

1930 Dtia (Nothodim), Edwsrds, Dipt. Pat. & S. Chile, 2

1942 Lane, Rev. Ent.. 13 : 83-84, fig. I.

102, figs. 12-16.

Female -- Xfouth parts reduced. Palpus blsckish brown. Upper potion of

head blackish. .1ntenna with the scape developed and incised anteriorly : torus
elongate, blackish, sparsely piloye : flagellum with short pilosity and as long as
mesonotum, first segment two :t:~tt :I half times greatest width ; first four segments
rounded and di<tinct, tlw oit:c>~5 c+!~lintlric~nl
and becoming indistinct towards apes.
lol~cbc!:i~.i; brown.
hlesonotum yellowish, with three
Thorax : lronotal
dark brown spots, the median ():I,(1 from anterior margin to prescutellar region, the
two lateral ones from the middle of disk to root of wing. Scutellum yellowish,
brown in the middle, with 1608 marginal black setae irregularly distributed.
Postnotum brown, pruinose. Pleura dark brown with six mesepimeral setae in
a row.
Legs : Cosae yellowish.
Femora and tibiae yellowish but dark brown at
aper;,more so on hind tibia which is swollen apicxlly. Tarsi dark. Claws with a
single tooth.
Wing unicolorous. \eins as in fig. 10. llaltere with p,tle stem and d:lrk knob.

FSZ. 10.

--

L)ixa

(Nothodixa)

nitida

P:d\r,?rds,

1930.

\Ving.

Original.

Abdomell : Tergites bl;~ckish, sparsely covered with pale hairs. Sternites

yellowish.
Male - Darker than the female. Base of hind basitarsus with a long and
sinuous seta ; claws pectinate.
Genitalia : (fig. 11). Basistyle one and a half times the greatest width, setose,
slightly narrowed at apex ; apical lobe small and with a median group of eight
short spicules. D&style
half as long as basistyle, slender, curved, apex enlarged
and with two distal setae.
Type Zocnlity -- Chile, Rsriloche. Type in H. 11.
Diskibution Chile.

39

IXxa
1930

Diza

1942

Lane,

(Nothodixa)

(Nothodiza)
, Edwards,
Rev. Ent.,
13 : 84,

Dipt.
fg.

atrovittata
Pat.

8: S. Chile,

Edwards,
2 (3)

1930.

105, fg. 19.

2.

Female - Mouth parts reduced. Palpus dark brown. Clypeus brown and
sparsely setose. Upper portion of head shining dark brown. Antenna with scape
incised ; torus dark brown, elongate, slightly shorter than twice its broadest
width ; flagellum with segment I t,hree and a half times greatest width ; first
four segments distinct, with strong basal setae which do not form verticils, other
segments subcylindlical
and becoming progressively indistinct towards apex ;
length about one third longer than thorax.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe and propleura blackish brown, pruinose. Mesonotum
yellowish, with three blackish spots, the mesial one from anterior margin to prescutellar area ; the lateral ones from beyond the middle of disk to scutellum ; disk
sparsely pilose. Scutellum yellow, with ten marginal setae. Postnotum yellowish
Pleura yellowish above and brown below.
at base, brown posteriorly.
Legs brown, darker at apex of femors and tibiae, on hind leg which is thickened, they are even darker. Claws with a singule tooth.
Wing unicolorous. Veins as in fig. 12. Haltere longer than width of thorax
between wings ; stem pale, knob blackish.
Abdomen : Tergites blackish with pale hairs. Stefnites brown.

Fig.

12.

IJim

(Nothodixa)

atro\ittata

Edwards,

1930.

\Vinc,.D

Original.

Male Claws pectinate.

Genitalia : Rasistyle broader than long, apical lobe drawn into a slender
protuberance, more than half as long as length of dististyle and finger like. Dististyle two thirds the length of basistyle and blunt at apex.
Type Zocality - Chile, Bnriloche and Lake Guticrrez.
Type in I% 31.
DiStrihUtio?Z
Chile.

Disa
1930

Dim

<Nothodixa),

(Nothodixa)

Edwards,

Dipt.

Pat.

ensifera
& S. Chile,

Edwards,

1930.

2 (3) : 103.

Female Mouth parts reduced. Clypeus yellowish. Antenna with scape

developed ; torus longer than broad ; flagellum with the first segment three times
as long as greatest width ; first five segments fusiform, the others subcylindrical ;
length of flagellum a little longer than that of thorax. Occiput shining brownish.
Thorax as in D. atrovittata except. pleura which have posterior pronotum and
mesepimeron completely yellow as well as lower portion of the other pleural sclerites.

40

Wring unicolorous.

Fig.

13.

Dixa

_I

Ireins as in fig. 13. Hnltere

(Kotlldixa)

ensifera

Ed\rnrds,

1930.

yellowish.

1Ving.

Original.

Legs as in D. atrovittata.
Abdomen : Tergites blackish with pale hairs. Sternites dark brown.
.$Iale - Similar to female, the mesonotal spots coalescing. Spine on hind
basitarsus smaller than in D. nitida.
Genitalia : (fig. 14). The striking penis sheath is twice the length of-abdomen
in dried specimens.
Bnsistyle large, irregular, with two small setose protuberances on internal,
apical surface. Dististyle slender, curved, less than half the length of basistyle,
with two preapical internal setae.
Type locality - Chile, Casa Pangue, Ancud. Type in B. MY.
Distribution Chile.

Subgenl-s Dixella
1924

Dixella

Dysr

1924

Paradim

6c Shannon,

Tonnoir,

Rec.

Ins.

Ins.

Cant.

Dyar and Shannon, 1924.

: 200-201 - type D. Zirio Dynr
2 : 2 23 - - type D. neozelnnrlica Tonnoir.

R!Ienq., 12

Mus.,

& Shannon.

We do not think that the m-cu transversal vein, blurred in DixeZZa and distinct in Paradixa is a sufficient character to maintain both of these as distinct
subgenera. With regards to the first flagellar segment (third antenna1 segment),
we found that it varies from more than five times up to eleven times the greatest
width. The species hitherto known vary from 1,8 to 2,5 mm. in length. The wing
measures from 2,2 to 3 mm. from base to apes.
The pupae of only four species are known (D. venczuelensis, trinitensis, Zimai
and wygodzinskyi) and the same holds true for the larvae in our region. The characters used by Edwards for the separation of this subgenus from Paradixa (pupa
with wing-sheath serrate on margin, larva without long setae in internal region of
head and caudal process short and without distinct terminal spine) are only true
for D. venezuelensis. Other pupae show characters of Paradiza.
Foi the above
reasons we have synonymized these two subgenera.

Dixa
1942

Dixa

1942

Lane,

(Dixella)
Rev.

(Disella)
Dy:tr

FM.,

13

$ Shannon,

Dyer

lirio
Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

& Shannon, 1924.

12 : 200.

87.

Original description - Male - Small shining black species with unspotted

wings. M-cu cross vein obsolete. Head black ; clypeus yellowish ; last palpal
joint one-third longer than preceeding #joint, mesonotum shining black, edged with

an indefinite yellowish stripe ; legs yellowish, middle and hind femora blackish
apically ; all tibiae darkened apically ; all claws pectinated. Petiole of R.2 slightly
longer than thesforks ; abdomen pale, eighth segment black. Length, 23 mm.
Male hypopygium.
(Fig. 15) Eighth segment chitinized and infuscated all

Fig.

14.

Fig.

14.

Dixa
(Nothodixa)
dististyle.
Original.

Fig.

15.

Dixa
(Dixella)
lirio
dististylc.
Original.

Fig,
ensifera

Dyar

Edwaucls,

&

Shannon,

1950.

1924.

l\lalc

Male

1.5.
genitalia.

genitalia.

Bnsistyle

and

Basistyle

and

around, the infuscation less dorsally, where the ring is a little wider. Aedeagus
invisible. Side piece obliquely conical, wider than long, infuscated and minutely
setose besides a few normal large setae outwardly ; only one lobe, a long angular
structure, reaching middle of clasper, a seta at each angle, the tip curved over.
Clasper longer than side piece, infuscated, conical, with rounded tip. Tenth sternites flattened thin, with darker margins, plsojecting normally, with two spines at
the tip. Nnth tergites a pair of long inflated tubes, finely setose at base, the tip
with angular ridges, and just before it a ridge shaped like a dormer window, its
margin roughened by a few tubercles.
A very distinct species, for which t,he subgeneric name DiseTla is proposed.
Type locality - Panama,
Canal Zone, Monte Lirio. Type in U.S.S.M.
Distribution - Panama.
Observations - Antenna is about twice the length of mesonotum. The abdomen is pale.

I)

42

Dim
1896

D$.z:n Williston,

1942

D&z

(Dixella)

Trans.

(Dizellu) Lane,

Ent.
Rev.

Sot.
Ent.,

F:

Williston,

clavulus
London,
13

1896.

298.

85, 90.

Female Mouth parts reduced, light brown. Clypeus twice as long as

broad (shorter in cotype). Ialpus blackish ; 1st. segment short, globose ; 2nd. five
times the length of fnst, stout ; 3rd. shorter ; 4th. as long as 1st. ; the other segments indistinct ; flagellum two and a half times the length of mesonotum. Occiput
shining dark brown.
Thorax : Ironotal lobe brown ; propleura yellow. Mesonotum light, brown
with three dark brown spots ; median spot from anterior margin to prescutellar
region ; lateral spots from a little before middle of mesonotum to scutsllum ;
acrostichal and dorsocent,ral setae very short and yellowish.
Scutellum dark
brown. Pleura with posterior pronotum yellowish ; sternopleura dark brown ;
mesepimeron dunker above.
I,egs : Closae yellow. Anterior and mid pairs brown ; hind pair lighter brown,
the apex of femora and tibiae dark brown.
Wing unicolorous showing a brownish tinge. Haltere with base of stem yellowish, the apes and knob dark brown.
Abdomen dark brown above, yellowish below, the colors separated on the
sides in a straight line.
Xale, pupa and larva Unknovvn.
Type localit!y - St. Vincent
(H.W.I.).
Type in B.M.
Distribution .- St. Vincent.

Disa
1943

Dtia

(DizeUn)

Lane,

(Dixella)
Rev.

Ent.,

14

trinitensis

162,

Lane, 1943.

1 fig.

Female - Mouth parts twice the length of clypeus, yellowish white. Clypeus wider than long, dark brown, pruinose. Palpus longer than mouth parts,
light brown, the last segment slender. Antenna with yellowish scape ; torus yellowish, the inner side with whitish pruinosity ; flagellum dark brown, two and
a half times the length of mesonotum ; 1st. segment ten times greatest width ; 2nd.
to 9th. about the length of the 1st. fl.xgellnr segment ; other segments indistinct.
Occiput bulging and yellowish above, brown on the sides and below, with two setae
on each side.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brownish yellow at ends. ,Mesonotum with dark
brown integument except on anterior margins which are yellowish and meet snte-

Fig.

16.

Dixa

(Dixella)

trinitensis

Lane,

1943.

Wing.

Original.

DIYINAE
.-. - _ __-- __ __-__I

-~

4::

__ _

riorly ; two darker stripes extend alon,v dorsocentral setae, these setae are small
and indistinct except on prescutellnr region where they are quite visible ; prescutellar region darker ; integument between stripes of a lighter color. Scutellum
blackish, with eight ma.rginal setae inserted at regular intervals. Postnotum dark
brown, pruinose. Pleura with anterior pronotum yellowish, the other sclerites
with lightel. areas.
Legs : Coxae yellowish, trochanters with a blackish spot internally. Femora
yellowish, apex blackish, preapical region of a lighter color. Tibiae with the same
color as femora. Femora and tibiae covered with brown setae. Tarsi yellowish,
covered with dark brown setae aud ending in two simple claws.
Wing spoted.
(fig. 16). Haltere longer than width of thorax, whitish at
base and darker on rest of stem and knob.
Abdomen with short, pale hairs. Blackish above, whitish below. the colors
separated on the sides in a straight line.
Nale (fig. 17). Similar to the female. Genitalia : Basistyle as broad as
long, attenuated apically. covered with short pilosity but with six long setae at
apex ; apical lobe half as long as bssistyle, pilose at base, the rest glabrous, a slender
seta in the middle and two thick apical setae, curved at apex, one of them inserted
at apex and tlhe other slightly below. Dististyle slightly shorter than basistyle,
densely pilose, thick, curved and with three short setae, they are curved, differentiated and inserted at base ; there ace seven setae at apex and three slentlcr and

Fig.
Fig. 17. -

Dixa

tistyle.
Fig. 17 A. -

Dixa

17.

(Dixella)

Fig. 17 .\.

trinitenkis

Lane,

1943.

Male

genitalia.

Easistyle

and

dis.

Original.
(Dixella)

Original.

trinitensis

Litn~,

1943.

Pupa. Terminal

abdominal segments.

long ones on external margin. Tenth sternite membranous, slender, ending in a

blunt point and having four developed spicules in a line on the internal margin.
Mesosome nea.rly hyaline. Ninth tergite with rows of pilosity on the upper margin
Pupa - (fig. 17A), Tube twice as broad as long, uniform, the opening beyond
middle, upper margin serrate. Cephalothorax darkened, densely spiculose anteriorly.
Abdomen long, evenly darkened, the surface minutely spiculosc, segments
about the same length ; hair B on segments I-VII single and one third the length
of segment, on segment VIII hair A is also quite distinct. Paddles fused at base,
spiculose, twice the length of segment VIII, the free portion slender, serrate, pointed
and ending in a minute spine.
Larva - (fig. 18). Body densely covered with long hairs, some of the abdominal

segments spiculose as well. Head narrower than prothoras, broacler than long.
Antenna short, with hairs at apex. Prothoracic setae more than twice the length
of head ; hair formula 1-2-2-1-1-1-1.
Mesothorax with two lateral Iong setae.
Metathorax with three small lateral setae.
Abdomen with pseudopods on segments I and II. All segments with short
and simple setae. Terminal segments as in figure 18.
Type locality - Trinidad
(B.W.I.).
Type in F.H.
Distribution Trinidad
(B.W.I.)
and Bras&
State of Bahia.
Note - The specimens from Bahia have the body darker and the mAle genitalia shows more setae on dististyle.

Dixa
1920

Dim

Alexnnder,

1942

Dim

(Dixdlrl)

Ent.
Lanr,

(Dixella)
New,<,
Rev.

31:

Ent.,

argentina

Alexander, 1920.

29-1.
13 : 90

Male
Mouth parts reduced. Clypeus nearly as long as wide, yellowish,
with a seta in the middle. Palpus much longer than mouth parts, dark brown ;
1st. segment globose, 2nd. the longest, 3rd. and 4th. shorter than 2nd., the 5 th.
slender. Antenna with light yellowish scape, torus darkeLm; flagellum dark brown,
sparsely pilose, the first segment about ten times the greatest width ; 2nd. to 7th.
segments about half as long as the first segment, remaining segments indistinct.
Occiput dark brown, shining, with four short setae on each side.
Thoras : Fronotal lobe brown, shining. Mesonotum with brown integument
but yellowish in the middle and on anterior margins ; three blackish spots present ;
the mesial one is cuneiform while the lateral ones are rounded ; acrostichal and

45

A E

dorsocentral setac small and pale. Scutellum dark brown. Pleura with posterior
pronotum, borders of wing sclerite and base of sternopleura yellow, the rest dark
brown.
Legs : Anterior coxa brown, the middle and hind ones yellowish as well as
trochanters, these have an internal dark spot. Femora and tibiae brown, a little
lighter internally,
the apes darker.
Claws pectinate.
Wing with a small rounded dark spot at r-m. (fig. 19). Hnltere longer than
the width of thorax ; the stem is pale and the knob is dark.

Fig.

10.

Dixa

(Disella)

argentina

Blesander,

1920.

sting.

Original.

Abdomen sparsely pilose. Tergites dark brown, sternites yellowish, the colors
are separated on the sides in a straight line.
Genit.alia : (fig. 20). Basistyle setose, ljronder than long, the apex rounded ;

Fig.

20.

Disa

(Dixella)

argcntina

Alesander,

1920.

Xabz

genitalia.

Original.

apical lobes smooth, longer than the bnsistyle and with a seta at base and internally,
the apex flattened and ending in three points inserted on an expanded portion.
Dististyle shorter than the basist,yle, strongly setose and with two differentiated

46

setae, one at apex and the other below the apex and on the same side. Mesosome
nearly hyaline, formed by two long slender sheaths which are serrate on the external
border. Ninth tergite hypertrophied as in the figure.
Female. pllpa and larva Unknown.
Qpe locality - Argentina,
Province of Cordoha, Alta Gracia, La Granja.
Type in F.H.

Disa

(Disella)

w~gdzirdcyi

Lane,

1945.

Female - Mouth parts reduced, blackish. Clypeus nearly square, brown on

the sides and blackish in the middle. Palpus blackish, the 1st. segment short,
twice the broadest width, the 2nd. over twice the length of the 1st. ; 3rd. shorter
than 2nd., the 4th. longer. _Intenna with light brown scape ; torus blackish with
setae above ; 1st. flagellar segment seven times broadest width, 2-6 shorter,
subequal, indistinct (other segments broken). Vertex and occiput light brown with
whitish pruinosity.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown and with two setse. Propleura blackish.
Mesonotum with indistinct setae, sides yellowish, with three dark brown spots,
the median one reaching middle of disk from where it contines as a slender stripe
up to scutellum, the lateral spots with darker margins and extending from anterior
third to posterior margin. Scutellum dark brown, with eight, marginal setae. Postnotum dark brown except on the sides which are yellowish.
Pleura vellowish,
with two brown stripes ; the upper one from propleura to mesepimerm wilere there
is a small black spot, the second one from anterior coxa up to above posterior one.
Legs : Coxae yellowish. Trochanters with an internal black spot. Femora
and tibiae brown ; the femora of a lighter tinge. Claws simple.
Wing (fig. 21). With a black spot in the middle and involving nearly all the
veins. Haltere longer than width of thorax ; stem white, knob blackish.

Fig.

I. - -- ~iwa (Dixella)

wygodzinskyi

Lane.

194.5.

M-illg.

Original.

Abdomen with black tergites and yellowish sternites, the colors separated
on the sides in a straight line.
Unknown.
Male Yupa - Tube as in fig.L22A. Cephalothorax darkened, nude.

Abdomen (fig. 22B) long, also darkened, the surface finely spiculose, the
segments with about the same size escept VII and VIII which are longer ; hairs
minute. Paddles fused at base, the length twice that of the eighth segment, both
margins finely serrate, the apex ending in two darker points.

Fig. 22.
Fig. 22. ---- L)ixa (3ixella)
wygodzinskyi
1945, Rev. Ent.).

Fig. 23-I.
Lane,

Fig. 2:: --- l)ixa (Dixelllaj wygodzinskyi

Lane,
(Rased on Lane, 1945, Rev. Ent.).

1945.
1943.

Pupa.
Larva

Tube.
Hrad

(Based on Lane,
and

prothorax.

Larca --- Head : (fig. 23X). Antenna strongly sclerotized and shorter than
the length of head, uniform, surface spiculose, a short hair beyond middle and
ending in shorter elements. Maxillary
palpus antenniform, the length slightly
shorter than that of antenna, the whole structure strongly sclerotized. Ventral
brush developed. Capsule of head cylindrical, more than half the length of thorax,
setae single and very short.
Thorax finely spiculose ; prothorax narrower than meso - and metathorax.
Prothoracic hair formula l-l-l-l-l-l-l,
hails 3, 6 and 7 short.
Abdomen spiculose, segments I and 11 with pairs of pseudopods. Terminal
segments as in fig. 24.
Iype locality - Brasil, State of S. Paulo, Cnmpos do Jordao. Type in F.H.
Distriblction - That of type locality.
Bionomics - Pupae and larvae were found in the water which gathers at the
base of epyphitic bromeliads growing in Arczucaria forests. The larvae take a U
shape position, with their ends sticking out of the surface of the water.

48

.I

__~__

_______~

Dixa

(Dixella)

1931

Dim (DixeZZa) Edwards,

3942

Lane,

Rev.

Ent.,

A.

Fig.

24.

Nat.

Hist.,

F,dwards, 193 1.
: 261.

: 85,91.

Fig.
23

peruviana

& ?tIag.

Mouth parts reduced, brown.

Clypeus slightly longer than broad,
Pnlpus blackish 1st. segment, globose, 2nd. the longest, 3rd. a little

Mule

yellowish.

Pi:.

13

.4n.

24.

Dixa
(Dixeila)
dorsal,
(Based

Fit.
wypodzinskyi
Lane,
1945.
on Lane,
1945,
Rev.
Ent.).

Dixa (Dixella)
wygodzinskyi
dorsal.
(Based
on Lane,

Lane,
1954,

1943.
Larra.
Rev.
Ent.).

PLlpa.

Terminal

2213.
~~bdominal

:~l~tloiiiinal

segments,

segments,

shorter than 4th. _kntenna with dark brown torus ; flagellum with 1st. segment
nine times greatest width ; 2nd. one and a half times t,he length of 1st. ; 3rd. and
4th. subequal and a little shorter than 1st. ; other segments indistinct ; length of
flagellum three times that of thorax. Occiput shining, dark brown, pruinose.

Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish on top, brownish below ; propleura black.

Xesonotum with yellow integument and three distinct dark brown spobs ; mesial
one is lighter in the middle and behind and, from anterior ma.rgin surpasses a little
the prescutellar depression ; lateral spots from before middle reach scutellum.
Scutellum yellow. Postnotum light brown.
Pleura yellowish with two transversal brown stripes ; lower one involving base of fore coxa reaches the front of
hind coxa but does not involve it ; upper stripe from propleura reaches the mesepimeron.
Wing unspoted. Haltere with base of stem yellowish, the apes and knob
brown.
Legs : Coxae yellowish except basal spot on fore* one. Femora and tibia
yellowish, their apices darker.
Abdomen dark brown above, yellowish below, the colors separated on the
sides in a straight line.
Genitalia : Basistyle as broad as wide, attenuated at apes ; apical lobe half
as long as basistyle, curved, nude. Dististyle one third longer than b&style,
slender, curved, attenuated at apex and uniformly setose.

Fig.
Fiq. 23. -

Dixa

25.
(Dixella)

clististyle.
Fig.

33. -

Dixa

Fig. 33.
venezuelensis

(Dixella)

clististyle.

Lane,

1942.

Male

genitalia.

Gasistyle

and

Lane,

1939.

xialc

genitalia.

Basistyle

and

Original.
chapadensis

Original.

50

Female, pupa and larva - Unknawll.

Type locality - Peru, Lima, Verrugas.
nistrib7rtion --- That of type locality.

Dixa
1932

Dixa

(Dixclla)

1942

Dixa

(Dixela)

sp.

(Dixella)

Edwards,

venezudensis

Gen.
Lane,

Ins.,
Rev.

Type in H.M.

venezuelensis
Fasr.

194:

Ent ., 13

Lane,

1942.

15.

: 91,fge.

3 and 4.

Female - Mouth parts reduced, blackish. Clypeus elongate, two and a half
times the basal width, dark brown, sparsely pilose. Palpus blackish. Antenna
with scape very much rgduced, anteriorly cleft, light brown ; torus ovate, the
integument brown but darker on anterior portion ; flagellum with 1st. segment
little more than five times greatest width and thicker than others ; 2nd. half the
length of first ; first three segments distinct, the others quite fused ; flagellum
blackish and a little less than twice the length of mesonotum. Upper portion of
head shining brown, with a few marginal setac and sparse pilosity.
Thorax : Pronotnl lobe dark brown above, lighter below. Mesonotum with a
broad median, blackish stripe which, from the anterior portion, which is darker,
reaches the prescutellar depression ; two lateral spots from middle of disk reach
the scutellum, the rest of disk with yellowish integument.
Scutellum yellowish,
with marginal setae. Postnotum black, nude. Pleura with whitish integument
except for a dark brown stripe above coxae not including the anterior one ; another
stripe starts from behind the posterior pronotum, which is yellow, and reaches the
mesepimeron forming, in the upper portion of this sclerite, a distinct black spot.
Legs : Coxae yellowish. Femora, tibiae and tarsi blackish except the posterior femur which is yellowish and has a blackish apex. Claws thickened at apex.
Wing unspoted. (fig. 4). Haltere with white stem and yellowish knob.
Abdomen : Tergites blackish, sternites yellowish, the colors separated on
tlrc sides in a straight line.
Male --- Similar to female. Claws pectinate.
Genitalia : (fig. 25). Rasistyle broader than long, pilose over whole surface,
ext.ernally setosc ; basal lobe developed ; apical lobe shorter than the length of
basistyle, curved upwards, spiculose on basal half and with a sets at base. DisGstyle, t,hick, about twice the length of basistyle, curved, densely pilose and with
setae on external margin, the apes blunt. Sinth tergite large and setose.
Pzcpn -Tube
short, flared apically, margins dentate, opening nearly reaching
base. Cel)halothorax having the wing sheath strongly serl*:itc anteriorly.

Eig.

26.

I)ixa

(Dinella)

shannoni

Lane,

1942

Wing.

Originnl.

Abdomen one and a half times the length of thorax, the segments broader
than long, the last one subquadrat,e. All segments with a strongly sclerotized point
on apical corners of segments. Paddles over twice the length of segment VIII,
the anex filnmentous.
Larva - Prot,horacic hair formula l-Cl-l-1)-l-l-l.
JGst two segments wifh
pseudopods. Posterior segments wit!11 three rows of spine? in t,he middle.
Type locality -- 16Tellezuelzx, Marucay.
Type in mr.
Distribution - Venezuela
and Costa Rica.

Jfale - RIouth parts reduced, dark b~x~wn. Cly pew rounded, broader t h;Lil
long, spalzely pilose. Palpus the color of proboscis. Antenna with yellowish scape ;
torus globose, yellowish and with a few dark brown hail-s on upper surface ; first
flagellar segment more than six times its broadest widt,h ; 2nd. to 6th. about half
the length of first ; other segments indistinct ; length of flagellum twice that of
mesonotum. Upper portion of head pilose, blackish, shining except for a yellowish
spot on occipital region : two ocular setae.
Thoras : Pronotal lobe dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown, the middle
mark indistinct, laterally a broad yellowish stripe from the anterior portion to
little before root of wing. Scutellum blackish, pilose, with ten golden marginal
setae. Postnotum nude. Pleura dark brown with a transversal median yellowish
or silvery stripe.
Legs dark brown, apes of femom and tibiae Mwkish.
Wing unspotted. (fig. 26). Ilaltere darkened on stem a.nd knob.
Abdomen blackish and sparsely pilose.
Genitalia : (fig. 27). J3a~istyle short,, slightly longer than broad, basal lobe
rounded. developed, setose ; L
apical lobe quite developed and longer than basistyle,
curved towards apex, nearly nude, with a seta at base and a longer one beside it.
Dististylc over tn-ice the length of bnsistyle, Ftrongly spiculose and wtose, curved
:jntl thjckened at apex whirh is notched.
/lewa/e ---~ Similar to male.
7?/pp locu/ii!/ -- Costa Rica, Sun llIatco, IIigllit,o. Iy
pc in K.S.S.AI.
I)>.uf:ih//tion
Thnt of type loc31it8~-.

F~wuZc -~-- Mouth parts reduced,_ yellowish. Clypw~s longer than broad, reddish at apes, blackish at base. Palpus blakish. ,1ntenna with blackish scape and
a few setae ; torus blackish, ovate and wit,h a few setne (flagellum missing). Upper
portion of head shining blackish, t\vo ocular setae on each side.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, lighter below. hIesonotum very sparsely
setose, the surface smoot,h and shining black except for three velvety black spots ;
mesial one cuneiform. the lateral ones rounded and from middle of disk to root of
wing ; :I, small irregul:~~~yellowish pattern which, from where the posterior pronotum meets the post spiracular area goes to anterior portion. Scutellum the color
Pleura with the posterior pronotum
of mesonotum. Postnotum nude, black.
yellowish, other sclerites blackish escept for an irregular transversal velvety black
stripe.
T,egs blackish except the posterior femur which has a lighter tinge.
Wing unspoted. (fig. 28). Haltere longer than the width of mesonotum, d:trkened exceut at base of stem which is lighter.
.Ilale,A pupu an,d larva -- Unkno&.
7gpe locality - Panama,
Gatun Lake, (ano Saddle. Type in 1.8.N.3I.
Distrih~tion - That of type lorality.

Fig.
Fig.

25. -

Dixa

27.

(Dixella)

Fig.
shannoni

Lane,

3 942. Male

Original.
Fig.

30. -

Dim

(Dixclla)

andeana

Jiane, 1942.

Originid.

Fig.

28.

Dixa

(Dixella)

atra

Lane, 1942.

Xale

Wing.

genitalin.
genitalia.

Original.

30.

Bnsistyle

and distidyle.

Bnsiityle

and cli~ti~t3~le.

33

Dixa
1942

D~xa

(Diz~lZa)

Lane,

Rev.

(Dixella)
Ent..

13

andeana

Lane, 1912.

: 91,3 fgs.

McrZr - Mouth parts reduced, yellowish. Clypeus broader than long, rounded, dark brown, sparsely pilose. Palpus dark brown. -4ntenns with the scape
reduced, dark brown and bearing a few hairs below ; toras globose, whitish,
pruinose except for the upper portion which is dark brown ; flagellum with first
segment more than ten times the broadest width, elongate, cylindrical ; 2nd. to
6th. shorter than the first and indistinct as well as the other segments ; length
of flagellum about two and a half times that of mesonotum. Upper portion of
head bulging, broader than messnotum and covered with white pruinosity which
can give off silvery reflections ; a few ocular setae on each side.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe pruinose and silvery above, below with light brown
integument.
Mesonotum narrower than in the other species of the subgenus, the
median silvery pruinose spot broader anteriorly but narrowed on the prescutellar
region ; disk covered with the same pruinosity as the head, the sides yellowish
and finely pilose, the prescutellar depression with the same yellowish pale color ;
acrostichal and dorsocentral setae brown, the acrostichals reaching the prescutellar depression while the dorsocentrals reach the scutellum.
Scutellum finely
pilose, the integument yellowish and with ten marginal setae. Postnotum yellowish brown and nude. Pleura with yellowish integument except for two trnnsversnl
dark brown stripes.
Legs with coxae and trochanters yellowish. Femora and tibiae light brown
except at apex which is dark brown. Clsws pectinate.
Wing unspotted.
(fig. 29). Halterc brown, longer than \vidth of thorax :
base of stem pale, the rest blackish.

Fiq.

29.

Dixn

(Dixrlla)

andeana

Lane,

1942.

Original.

Abdomen sparsely pilose. Tergites brown, sternites yellowish, the colors

separated on the sides in a straight line.
Genitalia : (fig. 30). Basistyle setose, conical. as broad as long ; basal lobe
broad, shallow, sparsely setose ; apical lobe approximately one third the length
of basistyle, with three thick setae at apex besides a short foliareous one. Dististyle slightly shorter than basistyle, densely pilose, broad, apes triangular and
strongly setose on external border.
Female - Similar to male, the tarsal claws simple.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type Zocality - Peru, Iquitos, Type in B.hI.
Distribution That of type locality.

34

I)

Disa
1943

Dim

(Dirella)

(Disella)

T~:mc~,
Rev.

s I s

.I

k:

hoffmani

Ent., 13 : 95, 1

T,ttne, 1942.

fe.

Female -- Mouth parts and pnlpus blzlckish. Clypeus longer than broad? the
base blackish, the rest yellon-, sparse hairs in the middle. Antenna wit,h reduced
scape ; torus globose, both blackish ; 1st. flagellar segment six times the broadest
width ; basal four segments distinct, the others indistinct and linear ; length of
flagellum twice that of mesonotum. Upper portion of head shining blackish, pilose,
a few marginal and two ocular setae.
and yellow below. Propleura blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown ahovc~
Mesonotum pilose, with three large blackish elongate spots ; the mesial one with
a narrow brown line which divides it longitudinally ; the lateral ones from middle
of disk to behind root of wing ; there are t)wo additional dark brown, rounded
spots in front of the lateral ones ; prescutellar depression light brown ; dorsocentral
and acrostichal setne yellowish. Scutellum dark brown, a row of marginal setae.
Postnotum dark brown. Pleura with yellowish integument and a broad transversal
light brown band which originates a black spot on the sternopleura.
Legs with yellowish comae and trochanters. Femora and tibiae dark brown ;
posterior femur blackish at apes. Tarsal ~laws simple.
Wing unspotcd ifig. 31).

Fig. 31. -

Original.

Abdomen sparsely pilose, the tergit)es light brown in the middle,

yellowish.
Male, pupa and Earua -- Unknown.
Type Zocalily - Puerto
Rico, Pueblo Tiejo. Type in K;\f.
Distribzdion

Dixa

Puerto

the rest

Rico.

(Dixella)

chapadensis

Time, 1939.

1939 Dixa (Dizella) lmx, no!. Biol. (N. Sm.), 4 : 99.

1942 Lane, Rey. Ent., 13 : 97, 1 f&

AfaZe - Mouth parts reduced, dark brown. Clypeus broader than long, yellowish, sparsely setose. Palpus brown ; 1st. segment globose, 2nd. twice the greatest width, 3rd. twice the length of second, 4th. the length of 3rd and slender, 5th.
thickened and as long as 3rd. Antenna with yellowish scape that is strongly incised
anteriorly ; torus yellowish, rounded, whitish pruinose on anterior portion ; 1st.
flagellar segment eleven times the greatest width : segments 3-7 half the length of
3rd. segment, the others indistinct ; length of antenna more than twice that of
meeonotum. Occiput blackish, shining, with blackish ocular setae.

I)

s .\

.i5

F:

Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, with two setae. Propleura brown.
Mesonotum with three dark brown large spots : t#he anterior one in the middle
and from anterior margin reaches the prescutellnr depression ; the two lateral
spots start at base of anterior third and reach the posterior margin ; dorsocentral
and acrostichal setne dark brown and indistinct.
Scutellum yellow, with eight
marginal setne. Pleura yellowish, with two transversal stripes, the first dark brown
and, from base of anterror coxa to the posterior one ; the second originates a black
spot on mesepimeron and is brown in the rest. extending from the middle of propleura to nearly the base of halt,eres.
Legs dark brown. Coxae with apical blnckislr setae. Femora of a lighter
tjnge at base and internally, on the middle one such a color is mpre extensive while,
on hind pair it covers the whole surface. Posterior tibia blackish ;,nd with an
apical spur. Tarsal claws pectinate.
Wing unspoted. (fig. 32). Hnltere yellowish, the stem long, tllc k:loh thick
and wit11 2111incision.

Pig.

:12.

Dixa

(Dixella)

chapadensis

Lane,

1939.

Wing.

Original.

Abdomen blackish brown, sparsely covered with short brown pilosity.

Genitalia : (fig. 33). Basistyle setose, longer than wide ; apical lobe of the
length of basistyle, curved at apex, thickened basally and in the middle, with a
long seta besides two short spines in the apex. Dististyle one and a half times the
length of basistyle, curved and with distal spines, strongly thickened before apex,
the point slightly rounded. Ninth tergite large and setose. Tenth sternites bearing
a large apical tooth.
Female - Similar to the male except that the clypeus is slightly shorter, the
haltere is a little darker and the claws are simple.
Type locality - Bra&l,
State of Mato Grosso, Ponce. Type in the F.H.
Distrihfion
- Bra&l,
States of Mato Gross0 and S. Paulo.

Dixa
1939

Dixa

1942

Lane,

(Dixella)
Rev.

Lnne,

Ent.,

Bal.

(Dixella)
Hid.

(N.

torrentia
Ser.),

Lane, 1939.

101.

13 : 96, 1 fg.

Male - (fig. 7) Mouth parts reduced, dark brown. Clypeus nearly as broad
as long, dark brown. Palpus twice the length of clypeus, dark. Antenna with
scape broader than long, incised on the side internally, covered with sparse setae
before apex ; torus ovate, attenuated at apex and a little less than one and a half
times as broad as long ; third segment six times the broadest width, basally thickened and incised on apical fourth, the other segments indistinct ; length of flagellum

56

II

three times that of mesonotum. Occiput blackish, shining and with a few marginal setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe developed, dark brown, with four setae above.
Propleura brown. Xlesonotum with blackish integument, of a lighter color anteriorly, on the sides and in the prescutellar region ; acrostichal and dorsocentral
setae small but distinct. Scutellum yellowish with twelve marginal setae. PostPleura dark brown on sternopleural region, on the sides of a
notum yellowish.
lighter color : posterior pronotum with about five setae, other sclerites nude.
Legs pilose. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae and tarsi blackish, the hind
tibia thickened and bearing a terminal spur. Claws pectinate.
Wing unspoted. (fig. 34). Haltere darkended except at base of stem where it
is yellowish.

Fig.

34.

Dixa

(Dixeila)

torrcntia

Lanr,

1939.

Wing.

Original.

,\bdomen blackish, snarsely covered with dnrk brown hairs ; tergitcs bl~ickish. the stcrnites yellowish.
Genitalia : (fig. 3ii). Bssistyle setose, longer than wide : apical lobe shorter
than basistylc, curved at apex, thickened mesially and narroweel at end. Dististyle the length of basistyle, attenuated distally and with many strong setae internally. Sinth tergite in the shape of a triangular plate, incised at apes. Tenth
sternite with rounded tooth.
Female - Similar to the male except that the clypeus is l,nger than wide
and the claws are simple.
Pupa and lnrva Cnknown.
Type ZocaZitg-- Brad,
State of S. Paula, Mimcatb. Juquia. Types in F.H.
Ijistribution - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Juquia, State of Rio de Janeiro,
Grajahti, Tingua, Repress do Cigano and Itatinia.

Disa
1940

Disa

1042

I.ane,

(Di.rciin)
Rw.

bt.,

(Disella)

Santas,
Tese lac.
13 : 85, 97, 1

1imai

Santos,

1940.

Odont.
ff.

FernaLe Mouth parts reduced, dark brown. Clypeus longer than-wide,

yellowish, with sparse setae. Pnlpus brown ; 1st. segment as broad as long ; 2nd.
five times broadest width ; 3rd. and 4th. pi-ogres&&
shorter, the 5 th. globose
and nearly as broad as long. Antenna with dark brown scape and as broad as torus ;
torus longer than wide, dark brown and with setae of this color ; flagellum with
1st. segment six times the broadest width, the other segments smaller and_indis--

-,

,)h

I)

lx

spots ; the first on propleura and reaching the ant,erior margin of sternopleura
and inferior portion of poet.erior pronotum ; the second is on the posterior margin
of sternopleura above meron.
Legs brown. Femora and tibiae with slight distal darkening.
Wing unspoted. (fig. 36). Haltere slightly longer than width of mesonotum,
the st,em whitish, the knob blackish.

Eiz.

:Ifi. -

Diaa

(Dixella)

mng.

Santos. 1940.

limai

Original.

,Abdomen with blackish-tergitcs, very sparsely pilose ; sternites whitish.

AlfclZe- Similar to female. CJ1awt-s
pectinate.
Genitalia (fig. 37). Basistyle one and a half times the basal width, densely
hairy, sparsely setose, basal lobe reduced ; apical lobe ,a long arm which is longer

Fig.
E:ig. 3i.

37.

Dixa

Fig. 38.
(Dixdla)

Fig.

37.

Fig.

limai

Sxntos, 1940.

Male grnitalia.

limai

Santos, 1940.

Pupa.

39.

Basistyle and dististyle.

Original.
Fig. 38. -

Diva

(Dixella)

Fig. 39. -

Dixa

(Dixella)

Original.

limai

SantoS,

1940.

Pupa.

Tube.

Original.

Terminal

abdominal

segments.

than length of basistyle, nude except for two setae on distal portion, slender, thickened before apes, then attenuated and strongly curved. Dististyle one and a
half times the length of basistyle, densely hairy but sparsely setose, sknzler, slightly broadened apically and ending in a blunt point with three short setae.
Pupa (fig. 38). Tube twice as broad as long, reticulate on whole surface,
broadly opened from the middle to margin ; upper margin dentate. Cephalothorax
evenly colored and nude.
Abdomen long, unicolorous, the surface minutely
spiculose ; segments
subequal, hairs minute. Paddles slightly less than twice the length of segment
VIII, fused basally, the free outer portion slender, each paddle ending in a strongly
sclerotized, short, blunt spine ; inner surface dentate.
Larvn - (fig. 39). Head slightly broader than prothoras, subquadrangular.
Prothoracic hair formuIa 1-3-1-1-1-1-l.
Hair 7 is minute. Mesothorax with
two setae which are slightly longer t.han length of segment and lateral. Metathorax
with a small lateral setn.
Abdomen with first two segment bearing pseudopods ; segments V-VII with
setae. Distal segments as in fig. 39.
Type locality - Brad,
Stat,e of Minss Gerais, Uberaba. Type in the Iniversidade de Minas Gerais.
Distribution Brad,
State of Minas Gerais, Uberaba and Governador
Valadares ; State of S. Paula, Pirassununga ; State of Mato Grosso, Ssl6b~ :
State of Bahia, Romfim.

pig.

40.

Edwardsops

Original.

mngnificus

(LHIIC,

1012).

Profile

of

adult

male

to

shox\~ habitus..

Fig.

41.

Corethrclla

Original.

bromelicola

Profile

of

adult

to

show

Imbitus.

Subfamily CHAOBORTNAE.
Characters
-- Adult Alandible smooth. Male antenna plumose. Thorax generally without scales (except for the posterior tuft,
present in Chaoborini which is similar to the one found in Chironomidac
and the covering on mesonotum of some species of Corethrella and
Lulzomiops). Postnotum with a longitudinal groove which is sometimes
Sternopleura divided.
quite pronounced but generally vestigial.
Meron reduced. Jfale genitalia not undergoing the rotation process
found in Czdicinae. The habitus is given in figs. 30 and 41.
Pupa - Without the abdominal protuberances found in ZXxzkac.
Paddles fused at base.
Larua With antenna modified as a prehensile organ ; mout,h
brushes absent. Thoracic segments somewhat fused. .I11 known larvae
are predaceous.
Taxonomy --~ iZs t,o the subdivisions of this group we quote Edwards (1932) : -- The differences between these (genera) are on the
whole greater than those between the tribes of Culicinae, and, for
logical consistency we should recognise t,hree separate tribes of Chaoborinae, Corethrellini, (Corethrella only), Eucorethrini (Eucorcthra only)
and Chaoborini (the remaining genera) though nothing would be gained
by such a course, as the genera are so few. The Chaoborinae are in
some respects more primitive than the Culicinae, although the latter
cannot have been derived from any existing member of the former.
On the other hand there arc some noteworthy resemblances between
the Chaoborinac ati the Chironomidae, which have probably been
derived from the same primitive stock.!
?JTeaccept the division of Urnissubfamily into three tribes as being
logical and consistent with a more natural systematic arrangement.
We deem that the small number of genera described up to now could,
in part, bc explained by t,he fact that the group has not merited
much attention on t,he part of entomologists.
The three tribes of Chaoborinae are divided as follows : ---- 1.
Chaoborini with the genera Chaoborus, Mochlonyz, Cryophila, Promochlonyq Schadonophasma, ilrcochaoborus, Sayomyia and Edwardsops ;
2. Eucorethrini with the single genus Eucorethra ; 3. PorcthrPllini with
t,he genera Corethrella and Lutxomiops.
Taxonomical position - The reduction of a segment in the antenna
(in Neochaoborus anomalua, of several), the much reduced scape, the
lengt,hening of the costal vein, the wing with narrow scales along the
veins and the eyes united above, link the adults of this subfamily to
the Cldicinae. On the other hand, the short mouth parts, the body
nearly denuded of scales and the long, pendulous palpus, formed by

five segments, link it, to the Dixinae. In the larva, the thorax, being
broader than the abdomen, approximate it to the Culicinae. The above
mentioned characters place this subfamily in an intermediate position
between the Dixinae and Culicinae.
It is of interest to note that the projection of the thorax and retraction of the head, characters found in the adults of Chaoborini, as well
as tlhe tufts of scales on the upper portion of the mesonotum, found
in some genera of this subfamily, are common to the Chironomidae as
well. In three genera the siphon is developed (Mochlonyx, Corethrella
and Lutzomiops) while in Eucorethra it is reduced as in the Anophelini
and, in the other genera, it is absent.
Key

for the

tribes

and

genera

of CHAOBORINAE.

1. Thorax bulging and projecting over the head ; clypeus always

densely pilose . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 4.
Thorax never bulging over the head and, at most, slightly inclined
towardsthefront
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.
2. Clypeus always shorter than the length of the head and sparsely
pilose ; 1st. vein near the subcostal one ; body of adult always
with less than 3mm. in length ; cervical sclerite nude . . . . . . 3.
Tribe Eucorethrini.
Clypeus longer than the length of head, densely pilose ; 1st. vein
ending at apex of wing ; body with 10 mm. in lengt,h ; cervical
sclerite with upper tuft of long hairs . . . . . . . . . . . (Eucorethra.)
Tribe Corethrellini.
3.

Wing unmarked, tarsi without rings ; mal;? genitalia with a

median sclerotinization on basistyle with one to three setae ;
below this sclerotinization there are one to three additional
foliaceous setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lutxomiops
Wing generally with darker spots (when unicolorous, the tarsi
have rings) ; tarsi generally with rings ; male genitalia with a
single median seta, the sclerotiniaation absent as well as the
foliaceous setae at base ; frequently there is a row of pointed
setae which, from base of basistyle, reach the apex, . Corethrclla
Tribe Chaoborini.

4. First tarsal segment longer than the second . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.

First tarsal segment shorter than the second. . . . . . iJfochZonyx) *
(Cryophila)
(Promochlonyx)
* The genera placed between
region.

parenthesis do not occur in the Xeotropical

--.___.-__

-. ___-

65

CHAOBORINAE
-_ --.

-- __--___

--___

___

_ ___.

6.
5. Antenna bearing 13 segments on flagellum .................
(Neochaoborus)
Whith only S/l0 segments on flagellum .........
6. Lower branch of 5th. vein ending in the lower margin of wing and
never parallel to it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Chaoborus)
(Schadonophasma)
Lower branch of 5th vein with a prolongation which is parallel
to the margin of wing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.
7. With a transversal vein between the 1st. and 2nd. longitudinal
veins, at about the distance of the transversal veins of the 3rd.
vein ; legs without spots or rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Edwardsops
Without such a t,ransversal vein ; legs with spots or rings in the
integument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sayomyiu
Key

for

Pupae.

Chaoborini
Tube with the spiracle opening mesially ...........
Tube with a nearly closed spiracle, placed at or near its end .... 2.
Corethrellini
2. Paddles rigid and fused at base ...................
Eucorethrini
Paddles free and with movement .................
1.

Key

for

Larvae.

1. Head with a posterior transversal row of modified setae ; siphon

developed ; anal segment without developed brush. . Corethrellini
Head without such a row of modified setae ; anal segment with
a developed brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.
2. Without air pockets on thorax and 7th. abdominal segment ;
spiracular apparatus developed . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . Eucorethrini
With air pockets on thorax and 7th. abdominal segment ; with
developed siphon only on genus Mochlonyx, the other genera
with the spiracular apparatus very much reduced. . Chaoborini
TRIBE

EUCQRETHRINI

Edwards, 1932.

Is formed by a single monotypical genus.

- Adult - Clypeus longer than the length of head,
densely pilose ; thorax not projecting over the head ; cervical sclerite
with an upper row of hairs ; 1st. vein ending at apex of wing.
Pupa -- Tube with the spiracle opening at apex ; paddle free
and movable, with a. distinct mid rib.
Larva - Without pockets of air on thorax and 7th. segment ;
thorax and abdomen with developed lateral pilosity, the thorax
narrower than abdomen ; spiracular apparatus of 8th. segment deveCharacters

* This key and the one for larvae

Edwards (1932).

are a modification

of the ones given by

loped and similar to the ones found on Anophelini ; vent.ral brush

developed ; four posterior gills.
This tribe is represented by Eucorethra underwoodi Underwood,
1903 a species endemic to the Nearct,ic fauna.
Tribe CORETHRELLINI

Edwards, 1932.

The above mentioned tribe is formed by two genera, Corethrella

and Lutzomiops. The characters peculiar to it have already been
included in t,he keys. The genus Corethrella with numerous species
in our region is also distributed over all the regions of the world except
the Palearctic. The genus Lutzomiops, on the other hand, is restricted
to the Keotropical region.
Genus CORETHRELLA
1902

CorethreUa

1911

Raw&z

1912

Corethrellu

Coquillett,

Aunandsle,
Lane,

J. N. Y. Ent.
Spolia

Rev.

Sot.,

ZeJ-landica,

Ent.,

Coquillett,

10 : 191 --

187 --

type

type

brakeleyi

inellfa

1902.
Coq.

Aun.

13 : 97.

Characters
Adult Besides the characters given in the keys we add
the following : - Clypeus slightly longer than wide and sparsely pilose ; antenna
filiform in the female, plumose in the male ; thorax slightly longer than wide ;*
scutellum with long marginal setae ; pronotal lobe reduced and lateral. Abdomen
short, the tergites densely covered with linear scales. Legs with very long pilosity
besides scales ; tibiae wit,hout spurs ; tarsal claws simple. Squamula with incompletc fringe. Habitus given in fig. 41.
Pupa - Tube short, the opening large. First abdominal segme&s appearing
fused to the cephalothorax. Postcrolateral angle of abdominal segment-3 protruding.
Paddles fused and pointed.
Larua - Head rounded and with a characteristic row of differentiated sctae.
Antennae approximat8cd, inserted in the frons, near mid-line, and doubled up in
grooves when not in use. Mandibles and mentum developed. Abdomen with long
laWa
setae. Siphon with apical hooks. Anal segment tubular. Ventral brush
with few hairs.
Bionomics - The aquatic stages are passed in a great variety of breeding
places, as follows : - C. brakeleyi, inepta, and quadrivittata breed in large swamps
or pools ; C. appendi&lata, blanda, fulva, infuscata, bromelicola, whitmani, arborealis and downsi breed in water collected in tree-holes, bamboo internodes, calatheas and bromeliads ; C. stonei and tripunctata breeds in the wat,er found inside
crabholes.
Nothing is known about, the eggs. The larvae are predacous and eat all
aquatic animals which they can get, from small Crustacea up to first stage mosquito
larvae. They rarely come to the surface and when this happens they rest parailel
to the surfare film. They can stay for a long time, without moving, anchored to
any object, by their siphonal hooks. The pupae take a vertical position in the water,
move very little and rarely come to the surface. The adults are found on fo@ge,
at low height,s, in humid forests. They are frequently attracted to light at night.

Key

for

the

adults

of CORETHRELLA.

1. Costa1 vein without, spots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.

Costa1 veins with dark spots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
* This key is a modification

of the one given by Lane (1942).

CHAOBORINAE

67

2. Xfesonotum without anterolateral, shining spots ; dark brown

or blackish species ; femoro Gbial joints without shining
scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.
Mesonotum with anterolateral shining spots ; yellowish species ;
femoro tibia1 joint shining white
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . julva
3. Dark brown species ; male genitalia with dististyle the length
of basistyle . . . . . . . . . .
.. .
. tarsata
Yellowish species ; male genitalia with the basistyle longer than
the dististyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . injuscata
4. Costa1 vein with one or two dark spots or nearly completely
darkened (travassosi) ; basistyle with a median seta and a row
of five or six setae which, from base, nearly reach apex ; these
setae may or may not be in a row ...................
5.
Costa1 vein with three or four dark spots ..............
23.
6.
5. Wing covered with light scales and with dark spots ......
Wing covered with dark scales, and with light spots .... travassosi
6. Mesonotum sparsely covered with scales besides the setae. .... 7.
Mesonotum densely covered with scales which are distributed
pillosa
over the whole surface .............................
7. Mesonotum with brown or blackish integument, sometimes for8.
ming patterns .......................................
Mesonotum light yellow, with antero lateral iridescent spots ;
pronotal lobe shining ; tarsi with distal rings .......
jenningsi
8. Mesonotum with a definite pattern on the integument ...
10.
Mesonotum without a pattern ..........................
9.
blanda
9. Femoro tibia1 joint iridescent .........................
This joint without an iridescent spot .................
maculata
10. Mesonotum with blackish integument ..................
11.
Mesonotum with dark or light brown integument .......
16.
11. Hind tibia darkened in the middle .....................
12.
Hind tibia completely yellowish in the middle ; 3rd. vein completely covered with white scales ....................
15.
13.
12. Haltere completely whitish ............................
Haltere with whitish stem and black knob .............
14.
Postnotum
dark
brown
..........................
bromelicola
13.
Postnotum blackish .................................
downsi
14. Band on wing distinct and, from the costal vein, reaching hind
margin ...........................................
striata
Band on wing restricted to the Costa, subcosta and 1st. veins,
indistinct in the other veins .......................
whitmani
jlavitibia
15. Haltere with white stem and black knob .............
Haltere completely whitish .........................
ananacola
16. Wing with a single dark spot on the costal vein ........
17.

G8

CHAOBORINAE

Wing with two spots on the costal vein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.

17. Hind tibia yellowish in the middle and dark at base and apex . .18.
Hind tibia dark, with an internal row of white scales ; 3rd. vein
without dark scales at base ; abdomen blackish with dense
yellow pilosity ; mesonotum with filiform scales, which are
sparse, and also with setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . appendiculata
18. Abdominal tergites with whitish integument ; mesonotum with
normal setae, spots not iridescent ; 3rd. vein without dark
scales at base . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zopesi
Abdominal tergites with blackish integument ; mesonotum sparsely setose and with iridescent spots ; 3rd. vein usually with
dark scales at base , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cardosoi
19. Third vein with a basal dark spot ; abdominal tergites with
20.
blackish integument ; hind tibia dark. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Third vein without a basal dark spot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.
20. Wing markings light brown (Nearctic) . . . . .
. . . Gra?ceZeyi
Wing markings dark brown (Neotropical) . . .
. . . . seluicola
21. Abdominal tergites with yellowish integument ; hind tibia yellow except the apex which has dark integument . . . . . . . . stonei
Abdominal integument blackish ; hind tibia also blackish . . puella
22. Costa1 vein with three dark spots . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . _. . . 23.
24.
Costa1 vein with four dark spots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23. Hind tibia with blackish integument ; 2nd. vein with dark spots
on branches ; wing peppered with blackish spots . . . . . . kummi
Hind tibia yellowish except at apex which is dark brown ; 2nd.
vein without spots on branches ; wing not peppered, the spots
not much detached; male genitalia with the basistyle having
a basal seta and three pointed ones, diagonally inserted and
below it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tripu,nctata
24. Tarsi with very narrow white rings ; male unknown . . . . . . . .25.
Tarsi
with broad and distinct rings ; male genitalia with the
basistyle bearing a strong seta and a row of five setae which
from base nearly reach apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.
25. Mesonotum with blackish integument and spots of this color ;
halter? whitish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . edwardsi
Mesonotum with brown integument and spots of this color ;
haltere with white stem and black knob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dyari
2G. Haltere wit)h white stem and black knob ; hind tibia dark . . . .
quadrivittata
I&&&
WditiSh ; . ii&i ii% &2Lily
&l&&h
1: 1: . . . . . . vittata
Note - We have included C. brakeleyi, a species which does not occur in
our region but is endemic to the Nearctic one. A second Nearctic species has
recently been described by Vargas.

-_

-__-_

~HAOHOKINAE
___-_
______c___-

______~__

Corethrella
1939

Corethrella

1942 Corethrella

Lane,

Bol.

(Coretlwella)

Biol.,

(N.

Lane,

S.),

Rev.

fulva
4
Ed.,

___-

Lane, 1939.

107, 388,
13

69
_ __

101,

2 fgs.
fg. 7.

Femde Similar to the male. Antenna filiform and slightly less than three
times the length of mesonotum.
ivuZe - Mouth parts, clypeus and palpus light brown. Palpus with the lst.
segment small, broader than long, 2nd. thickened, slightly longer than broad, 3rd.
six times the broadest width, 4th. more than three times broadest width, last,
segment nine times as long as broadest width. Clypeus with sparse scales on median
region. Antenna densely plumose ; torus large, yellow, darker anteriorly and with
verticils of yellowish scales ; lst. flagellar segment twice the length of 2nd. ; 3-10
one and a half times as long as 2nd.; 11-14 about the same size as 2nd.; 2-13 broader
at base and plumose, terminal segment with blunt apex. Eyes separated above by
the distance of four ommatidia. Occiput covered with yellow scales, ocular margin
formed by setae of this color ; there is a darker median suture longitudinally
dividing the front and occiput.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe iridescent and with two yellow setae. Mesonotum
sparsely covered with linear scales, integument with two large lateroanterior
iridescent spots, the rest cream colored except for three yellow stripes on which
the acrostichal and dorsocentral setae are inserted ; median stripe from the anterior portion nearly reaching prescutellar region ; lateral stripes reaching scutellum ;
posterolaterally
there are additional yellow, setose, spots. Scutellum whitish
except for a dark rounded spot in the middle ; ten long marginal setae besides
smaller ones. Postnotum yellow. Pleura with two darker marks on sternopleura ;
tufts of short, pale setae on pronotum and mesepimeron.
Legs : Yellow, with iridescent spots on femoro tibia1 joints and darker on
distal portion of tibiae ; hind pair darkened. Tarsi with broad, darker, basal
rings from segments II-IV,
I and V yellow. Claws simple and unequal.
Wing : (fig. 42). With narrow yellow scales. Haltere whitish.

Fig.

42.

Corethrella

PuIva

Lane,

1939.

Wing.

Original.

Abdomen : Integument yellow and densely covered with hairs of this color,
the apical segments darker. Sternites with distal brown bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 43). Basistyle more than twice broadest width with a thick
internal seta besides five narrow ones on a row. Dististyle as long as basistyle and
with an internal seta on basal fifth. Claw developed. Nnth tergite pilose, the
hairs long. Tenth sternite conical and sclerotized. Mesosome shallow and weakly
sclerotized.

Fig.

43.

Corethrells

fulva

Lane,

1939.

Xalc

genitalia.

Original.

LI

Fig. 44. -

Curethrella

fulva

Lane,

1939.

Pupa.

.\bdominul

segments, dorsal. Original.

_____~

CHAOBORINAE
--__--_

71
.-.

Pupa Tube expanded at apex. Cephalot,horax blackish, nude.

Abdomen (fig. 44) with whitish integument ; segments II-IV
witch seta R
longer than length of segment ; V-VII
with this seta short and small but quite
distinct ; seta A short and small ; lateral margin of segments smoot,h. Paddle
wit)h a lateroexternal seta beyond middle, a spine and slender seta at apex.
Larva - (fig. 45). Head triangular. Antenna as long as head, slightly curved,
ending in three long, curved setae half as long as this structure ; lateroposterior
row with sixteen spines. Mandible with six apical teeth, the 2nd. being the longest ; external margin with numerous spicules giving it a serrate appearance ;
apical portion with three setae, the two apical ones thicker, the basal one longer
and slenderer. Menturn with thirteen teeth, the median longest.

Fig.

43.

Cor~thrella

fulva

Lane,

1939.

Head

ot larva.

Origiual.

Body nude, covered wit,11 numerous long hairs. Hooks of siphon long and
curved the posterior ones with two thirds the length of the anterior ones. Anal
segment with two long double setae.
Type locality Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, Per&.
Type in F. I-I.
Distribution Brad,
State of S. Paulo, (Per& and JuquiB) ; State oti
Ha.hia, (Salvador).
Bionon~ics - The aquatic stages are passed in the water held by epiphytic
bromeliads.

Corethrella

1W2Cmethrella

(Corethrella)

Lane,

Rev.

Lane, 1942.

tarsata
Ent.,

13

102.

Mule - Mouth parts blackish. Palpus blackish and covered with hairs of
this color. Clypcus blackish, sparsely pilose. Antenna with t,orus of the same color

72

-___

II _I 0 R 0
___--__

A E

as clypeus but lighter above, with verticils of golden hairs ; flagellum twice the
length of mesonotum, the segments with whitish plumosit,y. Occiput with blackish
integument, the ocular setae yellowish.
Thorax : Integument blackish. Pronotal lobe whitish, pruinose, with an
upper seta. Mesonotum with blackish integument, the pattern whitish and pruinose ; prescutellar depression with a blackish median stripe ; acrostichal and
dorsocentral setae golden, these the longest ; some setae and linear scales over the
root of wing and anteriorly.
Scutellum light, pruinose, except for a black spot in
the middle, with eight long marginal setae besides smaller ones. Postnotum blackish. Pleura blackish except for a shining spot on sternopleura.
Legs : Femora and tibiae of fore and mid pairs dark brown with a spot of
yellow scales on femoro tibia1 joint. Hind femur yellowish on distal half. Hind
tibia yellowish in the middle, with a broad blackish ring before base and another
one at apex. Basitarsus whitish on mid and hind legs. Tarsi with broad distal
whitish rings formed by integument and scales of this color.
Wing without spots, the veins with yellow scales. Haltere with whitish stem
and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish with long golden pilosity.
Genitalia : (fig. 46). Rasistyk three times the broadest width, attenuated

Pig.

46.

Corethdln

tarsata

Lane,

3942.

Original.

73
-at apex, setose ; a thick pointed seta at base and an internal irregular
long setae. Dististyle of the same length as basistyle with a seta on
Claw a terminal spicule. Ninth tergite elongate and blunt at end.
Female, pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - Bra&l, State of Bahia, Camassarf. Type in B.
Distribution - Bras& State of Bahia and Trinidad
(B.W.I.),

Corethrella
1939

Corethrella

Lane,

Bol.

Biol.

(N.

1942

Corethrella (Corethrella) Lane,

infuscata
S.),

Rev.

row of five
basal third.

M.
Cumuto.

Lane, 1939.

: 389, 1 fg.

Ent.,

13

103.

Female - Similar to male. -4ntenna filiform and more than three t#imes the
length of mesonotum.
Male - Mouth parts and palpus dark brown. Clypeus dark brown with two
long median setae. Antenna with large, globose torus, reddish on top and dark
below, bearing verticils of golden hairs ; flagellum plumose, the hairs whitish,
integument darker at joints. Vertex covered with long proclinate, golden hairs.
Occiput with dark brown integument, pruinose on margin of eye, ocular setae
golden and small setae, of this color, on nape.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe whitish with long golden setae. Mesonotum with
brown integument, lighter lateroanteriorly with an irregular pruinose spot ; there
are three stripes corresponding to the insertion of the acrostichal and dorsocentral
rows of setae, these stripes are blackish, from the middle up to scutellum ; covering
of golden hairs ; prescutellar depression blackish on top narrowing towards scutellum, brown on the sides. Scutellum light brown with a median blackish spot
and ten long, marginal setae besides short hairs. Postnotum glabrous, brown.
Pleura dark-brown, blackish near coxae.
Legs with anterior and mid femora brown except at base which is blackish ;
hind femur also blackish at base, brown in the middle and yellowish at apex, the
transition of one color to the other gradual. Fore and mid tibiae slightly darker at
base, brown in the middle and with a large blackish spot at apex ; hind tibia with
distinct rings at base and apex, the middle portion yellowish ; basitarsi vcllowish,
other tarsi with blackish rings, the distal portion whitish ; II blackish on basal
half, whitish on the rest.
Wing without spots, covered with golden scales. Haltere with whitish stem
and vellowish knob.
-Abdomen brown, densely covered with golden pilosity.
Genitalia : Basistyle three times basal width, blackish at apex, with sis
setae ending in a sharp point ; two of them basal, one small, the other thicker,
the remaining four setae arrange themselves diagonally from base. Dististyle
longer than basistyle with a long basal seta and terminal spicule.
Pupa - Tube ovate, the opening large. Cephalothoracic group of setae small
and simple. Thoracic integument dark except at anterior portion.
Abdomen : (fig. 47). Darkened in the middle ; abdominal segment I with a
simple and large seta on anterior plate ; III-VII
wit,h seta B simple, short but
distinct ; setae A of segment IV-VII
distinct but short ; lateral margins of segments
smooth. Paddle with a lateral external seta beyond middle ; apex pointed and
ending in a long and a short setae.
Larva - Head triangular.
Antenna longer than length of head, in a sharp
curve at apex which ends in three long setae ; such setae are half as long as antenna
and curved ; there is also a central appendicle ; lateroposterior row with eleven
spines ; mouth brushes formed by many hairs. Mandible with seven apical teeth ;
six in line, the second being the longest ; external margin with numerous serrate
spicules ; apical portion with four setae, the two distal ones the largest. 3Ientum
with thirteen teeth, the median longest.
Body nude, with numerous long hairs. Hooks of siphon long, curved, the
posterior ones shorter. Anal segment with a long single seta and a triple one.

Type locality - Brad,

State of S. Paulo, Juquia. Type in F. H.
Rio~~omics - Aquatic stages are passed in the water of epiphytic hromeliads.
Fourth stage larvae t.ake near1.v a month to pupate. The pupae take a week to
give forth the imago.

Fig.

47.

Corethrele

infuacata

Lane,

Corethrella
1942

Corethrella

(Corethrella)

Lane,

1939.

Pupa.

_Sbdominal

Ent.,

13

dorsal.

Original.

Lane, 1942.

travassosi

Rev.

segments,

105.

Female - Mouth parts and palpus blackish, with blackish hairs, labellum
whitish. Clypeus rounded, blackish, with three dark brown setae. Antenna with
blackish torus, internally and in superior portion lighter, the verticils of golden
hairs ; flagellum with segments and hairs blackish, more than twice the length of
meson&urn.
Proclinate setae at vertex. Occiput black, also the setae.
Thorax : Integument blackish brown. Pronotal lobe dark with iridescent,
r eflexes.. 1Wesonotum pruinose in the middle and on lateral spots ; 1acrostichal setae
shorter than the dorsocentrals, the rest of the disk with sparse setae and hairs ;
prescutellar region whitish and pruinose except in the center which is blackish.
Scutellum brown with twelve marginal setae and smaller ones. Postnotum brown
with a dark brown stripe. Pleura dark brown.
Legs dark brown, femoro tibia1 joint lighter. Hind tibia with a yellowish
longitudinal stripe. Tarsi brown with indistinct apical rings.
Wing covered with blackish scales, of a lighter color on distal third where
they give off a golden reflex. Small spots of white scales on stem of 2nd. part of
4th., 5th. and 6th. veins, junction of 1st. vein with costa and in median portion
of this vein. Haltere with whitish stem and blackish knob.
_$bdomen dark brown with long brown hairs, whitish ones at apex.
ilfale, pupa and larva - Unknown.
Ilqpe Eocality - Brasil,
State of Mato Grosso, Salabra. Type in F. H.
Ikstribution - Brasil,
State of Mato Gross0 and State of Goias, _An&polis.

. Corethrella
JYYY
Corethrellu

Lane,

1942

(CorethreZZa)

Corethrella

Bol.

Biol.,
Lane,

(N.

S.),

Rev.

pillosa
4
Ent.,

Lane, 1939.

108, 390.
13

106.

12/aZe- Mouth parts and palpus with reddish yellow integument and whitish
hairs. Clypeus blackish brown with three median setae. Antenna with small

scape, the torus large, both with reddish integument, the torus with verticils of
golden hairs ; flagellum plumose. Occiput with blackish integument, the ocular
setae yellow. Vertex with proclinate setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe whitish and covered with sparse pilosity. Mesonotum
with blackish integument, densely covered with short, narrow, curved, yellow
brown scales ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae of this color besides others on
the lateral margins ; prescutellar region slightly depressed and also densely covered
with scales. Scutellum with dense covering of scales and ten golden marginal setae.
Pleura with blackish integument and bearing two lower mesepimeral setae.
Legs : Coxae blackish. Femora with blackish integument on the basal portion while the, distal one has the integument yellow as well as dense scales of this
color. Anterior andmid tibiae blackish except at apex, the hind one with yellow
integument and black rings before base and apex. Tarsi with yellow basal rings.
Wing with yellow scales except for a blackish band beyond the middle which
involves the following veins : - junction of costa and subcosta, upper branch of
2nd., stem of 4th. and the upper branch of the 5th. vein. Haltere wit,h white stem
and brown knob.
Abdomen with black integument, the tergitcs densely covered with yellow
scales.
Genitalia : Basistyle more than three times the basal width, setose ; a thick
seta on basal third and also a row of five internal setae. Dististyle as long as the
basistyle, bearing an internal seta on basal third. Claw small and like a spicule.
Ninth tergite elongate and ending in a point.
FemaEe - Similar to the male except that the antenna is filiform and more
than three times thta length of mesonotum.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality Brasil,
State of SBo Paula, Juqui& and Jaragu&. Type
in F. H.
Distribution - Brasil,
Statfb of S&o Paulo, JuquiB, Jaragu&, Casa Grandt
and Tiorto Florestal.
Corethrellu
lY&2

Corethrella

(Co~ethreZIa)

Lane,

Lane, 1942.

jenningsi
Rev.

Etit., 13

106.

Yen&e - Mouth parts and palpus light, brown, covered with golden pilosity.
Clypcus dark brown with a long golden, basal seta. Antenna with dark brown
iridescent torus, bearing a verticil of golden hairs ; flagellum with brown segments
and golden hairs, two and a half times the length of mesonotum. Front, with two
iridescent spots. Vertex with two proclinate golden setae. Occiput covered witJh
golden hairs on nape, ocular setae dark, integument, brown with iridescent reflexes
on ocular margin.
Thorax : Integument yellow. Pronotal lobe with shining white iridescence.
Mesonotum yellowish except for two large spots of whitish iridescence surrounded
by brown integument in the antero lateral region : covered with setae and golden
hairs ; prescutellar depression smooth and shining. Scutellum smooth and shining
with twelve marginal setae and golden hairs. Postnotum nude, with sparse golden
hairs.
Legs : Femora yellowish, darker at apes. Tibiae of fore and hind pairs yellowish, slightlv darker at apex ; hind tibia with an internal stripe of long, white
scales. Tar2 darker with distal rings of yellow scales.
Wing covered with yellowish scales escept for a spot, forming a band across
the wing and over distal portion of subcosta, costa, 1st. and distal portion of stem
of 2nd. vein ; dark brown scales also on stem of 4th., branches of 5th. and basal
portion of costal veins ; fringe darker in continuity to these spots. Haltcrc with
whitish stem and yellowish knob.
Abdomen reddish; sparsely COVCWY~
with goldon hairs.

76

CHAOBORINAE

Male, pupa and larva Unknown.

Type locality - Panama,
Canal Zone.
Distribution That of type locality.

Corethrella

1939

Corethrella

Lane,

1942

CorethTella

(Corethrella)

Bol.

Biol.,

(N.

Lane,

maculata
S.),

Rev.

4 :

Lane, 1939.

104.
13

Ent..

Types in U. S. 1\J. 3f.

107.

Male - Mouth parts and palptis with yellowish integument. Clypeus brown
with one or two setae. Antenna with large light brown torus and verticils of this
color ; flagellum slightly plumose. Occiput with brown integument and a row of
oculars besides a few proclinate setae at vertex and others behind.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe reduced, with two dark set,ae on lower margin. Mt.sonotum with brown unadorned integument ; prescutellar region deep, without
scales ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae long, golden and others on the sides.
Scutellum light brown with a marginal row of brown setae. Postnotum brown,
nude, with a longitudinal darker stripe. Pleura brown.
Legs brown. Femora and tibiae darker than tarsi. Femoro tibia1 joint of a
lighter color but without iridescent spots. Claws simple.
Wing with the following spots ; - costa with a basal dark and a median
blackish spot ; a large spot crosses wing from junction of costa with the subcosta,
involving all veins up to the 5th. There is also a small spot near the base of wing.
Haltere with whitish stem and yellowish knob.
Abdomen with blackish integument ; tergite I with medioapical spot ;
others with apical whit,ish bands ; distal segments pale and covered with pale
scales.
Genitalia : Basistyle more than twice as long as broad ; a row of five setac
besides a strong internal one. Dististyle as long as basistyle ; a seta on basal fifth.
Claw distinct. Ninth tergite setose, the set,ae very long. Tenth sternite conical,
sclerotized, the apex spear shaped, the point sharp.
Female, pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Peru, Iquitos. Type in F. H.
Distribution - Peru, Iquitos and Cuba, Santiago.
Observations The references made to C. punctulata found in the original
description of C. peruviana refer to C. maculata as the name C. puntulata was
overlooked when the revision of that paper was made. A specimen from Cuba has
yellowish integument on thorax.

Corethrella
1939

Corettr rella

Lane,

1942

Corethrella

(CorethreZZa)

Bol.

Biol.,
Lane,

bromelicola

(N.

S.),

Rev.

4
Ent.,

Lane, 1939.

108, 390.
13

107,

2 fgs.

Female Similar to male except the antenna which is filiform and three
times the length of mesonotum.
Male - (Fig. 41). Mout,h parts and palpus with yellow integument and setae.
Clypeus very small and with two setae. Antenna with reduced scape ; torus
flattened and verticils of whitish hairs ; flagellum plumose. Occiput dark brown,
the ocular row and proclinate setae on vertex brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe pruinose and with three blackish setae. Mesonotum
blackish brown, pruinose, a lateral pattern besides the one found on the prescutellar region which is formed by three blackish stripes ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae of this color and a mixture with yellowish setae besides very small
hairs and with sparse white scales. Scutellum brown with ten marginal setae.
Postnotum blackish.
Legs : Coxae blackish. Femora with a vellow spot involving tibia and ovey
more than the distal third of hind pair. Tibiae blackish, the hind one slightlr

yellowish.
Basitarsi yellowish, all tarsal segments with basal blackish bands.
Claws simple.
Wing with yellowish scales, the basal portion slightly darkened and with
the following spots ; one on junction of costa and subcosta, reaching the 1st. and
the stem of the 2nd. veins ; one on the 3rd. vein, before the middle ; another on
base of fork of the 4th. and the upper branch of the 5th. veins. Haltere whitish.
Abdomen with blackish integument ; tergites densely covered with linear
yellow scales.
Genitalia : Basistyle slightly more than three times basal width, setose ; a
t)hick seta at base and a row of five irregularly placed setae from base to nearly
the apex. Dististyle as long as basistyle and with a seta on basal fourth. Claw
distinct. Ninth tergite elongate and ending in a blunt point.
Pupa Integument yellowish, darker ventrally.
Tube short, broadened
apically. Cephalothoracic group of setae formed by simple elements.
Abdomen (fig. 48). Segments I to VII with seta B short and simple ; margin
of segments serrate ; element A short and simple. Paddle triangularly shaped,
elongate, with a short seba, besides another short one and an appendicle at apex.

Fig.

48.

Corethrella

bromelieola

Lane,

1939.

Pupa.

Abdominal

segments,

dorsal.

Original.

Larva - Head rounded. Antenna shorter than length of head, slightly curved
at base and ending in three long setae, about a third the length of this segment
and an apical appendicle. Lateral posterior row with eleven to thirteen spines.
Mandible with eight apical teeth, the fourth most developed ; external margin
serrate, the apical portion with four setae. Labial plate with eleven teeth, three
of which are much more developed than the rest.
Body nude, with numerous long hairs. Siphon twice the basal width, terminal
hooks long, curved, t,he posterior ones smaller. Anal segment as long as siphon,
with a short dorsal seta approximately one fourth the length of others, two pairs
of long setae on each side. Ventral tuft represented by eight long setae.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Juquia and Casa Grande. Type
in F. H.
Distribution - Brasil,
State of 8. Paulo, (Juquia, Casa Grande, Martinopolis, Boracea) ; State of Espirito Santo, (SBo Joao).

Corethrella
1943

Corethrella

(CorethreUa)

Lane,

Rev.

Lane, 1943.

downsi
Ent.,

14

164.

Female - Mouth parts and palpus whitish. Clypeus blackish, rounded, with
long setae in the middle. Antenna with large torus, blackish, verticils formed

78

( H .f 0 B 0 R I I\ .Z E;

by whitish hairs ; flagellum two and a half times the lengt,h of mesonotum. Occiput
blackish, with a tuft of long yellowish setae at vertex and blackish ocular ones
besides sparse and very small, whitish yellow scales on the rest.
Thorax : Mesonotum blackish, with whitish pruinose areas forming a pattern;
acrostichal setae yellowish, dorsocentral ones blackish and with a few yellowish
ones mixed, other setae blackish and also a few sparse scales on the rest of disk ;
prescutellar depression with longitudinal blackish stripe. Scutellum blackish wit,h
ten equidistant marginal setae. Postnotum nude, black. Pleura dark brown.
Legs with coxae and fcmora blackish except hind femur which has yellow
integument and long hairs of this color on apical third. Femoro tibia1 joints with
small yellow markings. Tibiae blackish except hind tibia which is whitish internally on a narrow longitudinal stripe. Hind basitarsus yellowish, the apex whitish.
Tarsi blackish with apical whitish rings.
Wing basally darkened and with a transversal band of blackish scales in
junction of costa with subcosta and 1st. vein, reaching the 3rd. vein ; from this
vein the band is lighter and involves the branches of the 4th. and the apex of the
rith. vein until the fringe which is also dark. Fringe complete. Haltere whitish.
Abdomen : Tergites blackish and densely covered with whitish hairs.
Male Unknown.
Pupa - Thorax with sclerotized areas of a dark color. Tube six times basal
width, attenuated in the middle and apically where it is a little more sclerotized.
Abdomen : (fig. 49). With a median darker stripe from segment I to base

Fig.

49. -

Corethrella

downsi

Lane,

1943.

Pupa.

Abdominal

segments, dorsal. Original.

of VIII ; all these segments are darkened and serrate on lateral margin (chaetotaxy
of segments I and II not given) ; segments III-VII
with seta A, as well as B, thick,
simple and longer than the length of respective segment except that the hair B
becomes progressively smaller until segment VI, and specially in VII, where it is
shorter than length of segment. Paddle elongate, serrate on apex and internally
and ending in long hairs and a strong seta ; beyond the middle on the internal
margin is a small appendicle.

79

Larva - Head broader than long. Antenna half as long as head and ending
in three long, curved setae little more than half as long as antenna. Later0 posterior row with twelve spines. Mandible spiculose. Labial plat,e with eleven teeth,
the median larger.
Body nude ; a few setae inserted in sclerotizcd tubercles on thorax. There
are six square plates on abdomen. Eighth segment sclerotized and with seven laterai
setae. Siphon slightly longer than broad, the apical hooks curved and with two
setae which are longer than the hooks. Anal segment broader than long and with
a very long dorsal seta. Ventral tuft apparently formed by six long setae.
Type locality Trinidad
(B. W. I.),
Montevideo.
Type in F. H.
Distribution - Trinidad
and Panama,
C. Z.
Bionomics - Aquatic stage passed in the water held at base of the leaves
of .4chmea dichlamis var. triniten,sis (IV. G. Downs).

Corethrella
1942

Corethnda

(Corethrdla)

Lane,

Rev.

whitmani
Ent.,

13

108,

Lane, 1942.
2 fqs.

Female - Mouth parts and palpus with yellowish integument and whitish
setae. Clypeus blackish with a seta in the middle. hntenna slightly more than
twice the length of mesonotum ; torus blackish, the verticils with golden hairs ;
flagellum whitish, the joints and hairs dark. Vertex with proclinate golden hairs.
Occiput blackish with ocular row of black setae and hairs at nape.
Thorax : Integument dark brown. Pronotal lobe blackish, pruinose. Mesonotum with blackish integument and pruinose spots which can give white reflections ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and lateral setae long, blackish, and between these,
very short, golden, sparse white scales ; prescutellar depression darker in the
middle. Scutellum blackish with twelve marginal setae and a few golden hairs.
Postnotum black, shining. Pleura dark brown, upper portion of sternopleura and
mesepimeron blackish.

Boiy nude, with numerous long hairs. Siphon one and a half times basal
width, the terminal hooks long, curved, the posterior ones smaller. Anal segment

MI
____~

CHAOBOEINAE
__

_~

- ____~__

t,wice t#he basal width and longer than siphon, dorsal seta, short, about a fifth the
length of the other ; two pairs of very long setae on each side ; ventral tuft formed
by eight long setae.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Espirito Santo, Vitoria. Type in F. H.
State of Espirito Santo, (Vitoria) ; St,ate of S. Paulo,
Distribution - Brad,
tJuquid).

Fig. 50. -

Corethrdla

whitmani

Lone.

Corethrella
1942 Corethrella

(CorethTeZZa)

1942.

Pupa. Abdominal

striata

segments, dorsal. Original.

Lane, 1942.

Lane, Rev. Ent., 13 : 110.

Female - Mouth parts and palpus with blackish integument and golden setae.
Clypeus blackish with a strong seta in the middle. Antenna with blackish torus
bearing verticils of golden setae ; flagellum dark, hairs whitish, more than twice
the length of mesonotum. Vertex and occiput dark, the proclinate and ocular
setae dark also.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown. Mesonotum with blackish integument
and pruinose spots which are whitish in certain lights ; prescutellar depression
darker in the center ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae long, blackish and intermixed with them shorter golden setae and filiform white scales. Scutellum
blackish with ten marginal setae. Postnotum blackish. Pleura dark brown with a
shining spot on sternopleura.
Legs : Femora and tibia of fore and mid pairs dark except for a small spot
of yellowish scales on femoro tibia1 joints. Hind femur with a broad distal yellowish
spot ; tibia dark, lighter in the middle where there is an internal stripe of white
scales. Tarsi with small distal white rings.
Wing covered with yellowish scales except for two dark spots ; one of them
basal and light brown ; the other black, large and, from junction of costal and
sub costal veins, crosses wing reaching the fringe near the anal vein. Halteres with
whitish stem and blackish knob.
Unknown.
&faze, pupa and larva State of S. Paulo, Palmeira. Type in F. H.
Type locality - Brasil,
Distribution - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, (Palmeira) ; State of Rio de Janeiro, (Itaguay) ; State of Espirito Santo, (Sooretama).

81

Corethrella
1928

Corethrella

Dyar,

Ent.

News,

39 :

hlanda

Dyar,

1928.

79.

Male - Head : Mouth parts, palpus and clypeus brown. Clypeus with short
setae and a mesial long one. &4ntenna with yellow torus ; flagellum four times the
length of mesonotum. Occiput dark brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe very small, brown. Mesonotum shining brown, a
lateral whitish mark on each side of anterior angle. Scutellum the color of mesonotum and with eight marginal setae. Pleura brown with an iridescent spot on
sternopleura.
Legs brown. Iridescent white scales on femoro tibia1 articulation.
Wing pale brown, a broad smoky band across the middle involving the 3rd.
vein and apex of 6th. Haltere with white stem and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish with sparse yellowish hairs.
Genitalia : Dyar, 1928. S
ide piece conical and furnished with several stout
spines on the inner side ; of these a strong central one arises from a large tubercle,
and there are six other less strong ones, scat,tered over the inner surface and not
arranged in a line. Clasper as long as the side piece, rather thick, simple. Mesosome
very short, composed of two stout approximated cones. Male antennae 16-jointed,
tori very large ; joints 4 to 10 have the hairs verv long, not arising in whorls, but
throughout the slender joint, though the basal hairs are long& ; hairs shorter on
joint 11, and thence shorter and fewer to tip.
Pupa - With stout thorax and small tapering abdomen. An angularly- trilobed structure on each side represent,s the air-trumpets ; a solid flat plate, one
angular lobe pointing forward, another laterally, and the largest one posteriorly.
Abdominal segments produced laterally and posteriorly, granular, and with a
long terminal hair directed backward ; the two posterior horns end in a stout
thorn, and have a small lateral hair.
Larva - With the head transverse, the front conically produced, but moderately so, the cone not as long as the length of the rest of the head and only about
half as wide. Antennae inserted at the tip of the cone, folded backward in a. groove
when at rest, with three long spines at tip not of uniform lengths. Front margin
of labium with ten stout teeth. Mandibles curved in a semicircle, with three stout
teeth on apical aspect and four short ones at tip. Tube stout,, flat, about twice as
long as wide. Eighth segment with an encircling plate ; laterally behind it on each
side are four black hairs arranged in two groups. This plate reaches the middle
of the siphon and is supplemented by a small quadrate one ventrally.
Sixth and
seventh segments with round dorsal plates. Anal segment longer than wide, with
six dorsal hairs, eight ventral and a single lateral one, much smaller than the others.
Anal gills small, pointed, not as long as the width of the segments.
Type locality - Panama,
Las Sabafias. Type in U. S. K. M.
Distribution - That of type locality.

Corethrella

1906Corethrella

Grabham,

1924

Dyar

1942

Corethrella

& Shannon,

Ins.

syn.

1927

Corethrella

arborealis

1939

Corethrella

confusa

(Corethrella)

Grabham, 1906.

appendiculata

Ent.

News,

Ins.

Mens.,

Lane,

Rev.

Shannon
Lane,

Bol.

17

:
12

343.

Ent.,
& Del
Biol.

216.
13

113.

Ponte,
(N.

S.),

Rev.

Ins.

109.

Back

B. A.,

: 102.

Female - Mouth parts and palpus yellowish. Clypeus dark brown, with a
longer seta in the middle and smaller ones. Antenna with torus the color of clypeus
and verticills of yellow hairs ; flagellum two and a half times as long as mesonotum.
Occiput blackish, with two proclinate yellow setae at vertex and dark brown ones
on ocular margin.

Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish, with two or three setuc. 3icsonotum with
it dark brown pattern on tht> integument ; dark brown dorsocentral and acrostichal
s;cbtae
and others on the sides : evenly distributed pale hairs over disk ; prescutellar
depression dark with a median blackish stripe. Scutellum blackish, with ten long
marginal setae. Postnotum blackish, lighter on the sides. Pleura dark brown but
lightcbr mbar coxae.
Legs : Femora dark except the hind one which is lighter distally : femorotibia1 joint with silvery scales. Tibiae dark with a stripe of white scales along internal portion of hind one. Tarsi dark with distal white rings which do not, howcvrr,
c*omplctely surround t]he segments.
Wing with basal and median darkenings ; the median spot involves the costa
and
subcosta, before t,hey join, and extends to stem of 2nd., 4th., upper branch of
5th. veins ; the basal spot involves costa, subcosta and the branches of 1st. and
4th. veins. Halters with whitish stem and darkened knob.
Male - Similar to female. .4ntenna sparsely plumose, the hairs long and
yt~llow.
Genitalia : Basistyle more than twice as long as wide, darker at base ; a
&out basal differentiated seta and a row of five slender setae besides short ones
internally and long ones externally.
Dististyle nearly as long as basistylc, slender
and with a few spicules on the blunt apex. Mesosome pointed and subtriangular.
Pupa -- Original description : - Pale purple in color ; thoras and abdomen
in the same straight line : floating vertically when at rest at the surface of the
water. Each pointed process on the terminal segment has two short spines at the
apex, one half the length of thti other ; there is an&hey short spine on the outer
border at the tipi&l%hird. %Penult,imate segment with one small lateral hair ; ant<)penultimate segment with four short lateral hairs one on each side. Lateral margin
serrate, devoid of a fringe.
ILVYYI - Head pale yellow, cpmpress?d antero posteriorly. Antennae inserted
at the front of the head, folded back and hidden along the anterior border, on11
; apical spines slender, curved the
the three apical spines projecting fmard
longest nearly half as long as the shaft, the other two slightly shorter ; inserted
with them a shorter comb-like appendage. Spines of the lateral sclcrite about
fifteen, stout, not inserted upon a ridge, the larger obsoletely serrate along their
concave borders. Labium with thirteen teeth ; the outermost pair very small,
the next four pairs progressively larger : central tooth as 13ng as the longest of
this series . tooth ml each side of the central one only half its length. Mandibles
with sevenstout teeth, the two innermost largest. Thorax and abdomen glabrous ;
c*olorcd a pale purple, rather darker laterally.
Eighth and ninth s g nent 3 not
pigmented.
Thorax elliptical, broader than the head. First, sbdominal segment
very short, second widest, seventh and eighth segments much at,tenuated. Three
large simple setae on each side of the two first abdominal segments ; a pAir on each
of the following to the seventh, which has no long lateral setae. A stout subventral
hair on each scgmcnt from the third to the sixth, arising near the posterior border.
Subdorsal hairs apparently absent. _4 group of several st:;ut branrheA hairs at tht>
posterior lateral border of the eighth segment. Tube stout, compressed, about half
as long ag:Gn as wide : a pair of branched hairs at the back below the middle, n>t
reaching to the top of the tube ; at the posterior aspect of the summit there is a
small simple straight hair on each side ; in front of this nearer the side is a stout
spine, arising from a prominent tubercle, and curved inwards at its apex ; a little
in front of this again a large pyramidal tubercle with a thorn-like apex and a emspicuous black pigment spot near the top, it has also a long and stout subapical spine
which curves outwards at its point. Ninth seg.nent strongly curved downwards ;
the dorsal tuft of two pairs of very long double setae rather widely separated : n.
littk lateral to thcsc a single long stout spine arises from a prominent tuberclta 011
cash side. Yentral tuft of four pairs of long simple setae arising close together. Anal
gills four, fleshy, chqual, shortly subconical wit,h rounded apices. Between the VWI 1x11uft and thtb lo\vcbrpair of anal gills then1 ir :t small latpral prominence on ~c*li

side bearing four blade-like plates stlrrated along their anterior I~ordc~s
with a
number of progressively larger recurved serrations, and with two much longckl
pointed processes near their bases.
Kingston. Type in U. S. S. M.
ly
pe locnlif!y - Jamaica,
D&l-i&lioz
Jamaica,
Kingston ; Santo
Domingo,
(S. Francisco) ;
Panama,
(Tabernilla,
Canal Zone) : IT. S. _I., ((icborgia) ; Rrasil,
(Goiaz) ;
_Argen tina,
(Tucuman).

Corethrella
1926
syn.

ananacola

Corefh el[a ananacola

Dyne,

Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

1939

Corethrella

inca

Lane,

Bol.

Biol.,

(N.

1942

Corethrda

(CorethreZZa)

Lane,

Rev.

14 :
S.).

Ent.,

4
13

Dyzw,

1926.

1.50.

:
:

103.
113.

Similar to male. _$ntenna wit.h the filiform flagt4lurn three titncw

t hc length of mesonotum.
Male - Mouth parts and palpus whitish, with hairs of this color. Clypcus
apparently nude. Antenna with brown torus, sparsely setose ; flagellum plumosr
and yellowish. Eyes approximated on top by the distance of a single ommatidium.
Occiput blackish, with an ocular row of golden setae besides small golden scales.
Thorax : Pronot,al lobe blackish, pruinose, with two or three setae. Mesonotum with blackish, pruinose integument ; a pattern formed by a median longitudinal stripe and three spots, two anterior and one in the middle, besides this
ornamentation there is a small blackish stripe from the median spot to the prescutellar region, t,his region has three longitudinal stripes and two prealar spots ;
acrostichal setae short, the dorsocentral ones longer besides other setae on the side,
all of them golden. Scutellum blackish, with ten marginal Wac and some smalltbr
OIWK. Postnotum glabrous, brown. Pleura blackish.
Pemde

x4
--__-_

C 11 9

PC A

E
___

Legs : Fore and mid femora blackish except the femoro tibia1 joint#s which
are of a lighter color. Hind femur yellowish on distal half, the corresponding tibia
yellowish except for basal and preapical dark brown rings. Tarsi with dist,al rings
on all segments except, the last one which is whitish. Claws simple.
Wing with yellowish scales except for a basal darkening and a black spot over
co&a, subcosta and 1st. veins ; there is a slight darkening on stem of 2nd. and
branches of 5th. veins. Haltere yellow.
Abdomen with yellow integument and densely covered with yellow scales.
Genitalia yellowish. Basistyle ovate, two and a half times the basal width ;
a thick basal seta and a row of five internal ones. Dististyle as long as basistylc,
with a small seta near base, apex thickened and with a few appendicles. Ninth
tergite long and pointed at apex.
Pupa - (fig. 51). Tube long and slender as in the figure. Abdominal segments
I to VII darkened in the middle, serrate on the margins, wit,h hair A developed.
Segment II with a mesial spicule, III to V with a protuberance which does not
bear spiculcs, VT and VII with a pair of long spirules. Segment VIII
not darkened

Fig.

52.

Fig.

Fig.

52.

Corethrella
Original.

ana~~acola

Pig.

54.

Lutzomiops
davisi
dorsal.
Original.

Dyar,

(Shannon

1926.

&

Del

Larva.

Ponte,

Half

1927).

54.
of

dorsal

Pupa.

aspect

Abdominal

of

head.

segments,

--

85

in the middle and without setae, only serrate on margins. Paddle pointed and witch
a blunt spine at apex and a mesial one on external margin.
Larva - Head (fig. 52) with antenna ending in three long and stout setae.
Lateral row of eleven small spines. Mandible with six stout teeth. Labium wit,h
eighteen apical and small teeth.
First two abdominal segments with long lateral hairs from protuberances,
III and IV with shorter lateral hairs which are not inserted on protuberances : T
and VII without long lateral hairs. Eighth segment with two lateral tufts of hairs
and a simple one. Anal segment ending in four long, curved apical setae on each
side.
Type Zoc&ty - Panama,
C. Z., Ft. Randolph.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribzction Panama
: Peru, (Iquitos) : Venezuela,
(Tio Julian).
Bionomics Larvae were found breeding in the water held by the leaves
of Ananas magdalenae.

Corethrella
I!)30

Corethrella

Lane,

Hol.

Biol.

(IV.

Lane, 1939.

flavitibia
S.),

392.

Female - Mouth parts and palpus with yellow integument and whitish setae.
Clypeus reduced, blackish, wibh two setae. Antenna with scape and torus blackish,
torus with verticils of whitish hairs ; flagellum three times the length of mesonotum. Vertex with two pale setae. Occiput dark brown, with dark brown ocular
setae and short hairs behind.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe whitish, pruinose, with two long setae. Mesonotum
with a pattern ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae pale besides other long blackish
setae. Scutellum with marginal row of eight long setae and shorter ones. Postnoturn blackish.
Legs : Femora and tibiae of fore and mid pairs blackish except for femoro
tibia1 joints which are yellowish. Hind femur blackish on basal half, yellowish
on distal one. Hind tibia yellowish except at base and apex where it is blackish.
Fore tarsus I with a basal black ring, the median and posterior ones complete1.v
yellowish, segment II-IV of all tarsi with basal rings, V yellowish. Claw simple.
Wing yellow scaled except for a basal black spot from humeral cross vein and
involving origin of all veins and a median band occupying the region comprising
junct,ion of subcosta to opposite fringe but not involving the 3rd. vein. Haltere
with stem pale at base, the rest, as well as the knob, black.
Abdomen with the tergites densely covered with yellow hairs ; sternites
with sparse pilosity of the same color.
41ale, pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, JuquiB. Type in F. H.
Distribution That of type locality.

Corethrella
1942

Corefhrella

(Corethrella)

Lane,

Rev.

lopesi
Ent.,

13

Lane_ 1942.
117.

Female - Mouth parts and palpus yellowish, the hairs golden. Clypeus light,
brown, a long seta above and two smaller ones below. Antenna with brown torus,
the verticils with golden hairs ; flagellum brown with golden hairs ; two and a
half times the length of mesonotum. Occiput brown, vertex with proclinate golden
hairs, ocular setae brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with a few setae of this color. Mesonotum
covered with setae and sparse white scales ; ground color grayish, pruinose! a
pattern formed by three median longitudinal stripes corresponding to the insertion
of the acrostichal and dorsocentral setae which are of a golden color ; there are
antero lateral brown spots ; prescutellar region with golden pattern in the middle,
broader on top and, on the sides with yellow and longer black setae. Scutellum

rounded, brown, wit.h ten marginal long setae and a few golden hairs. Mesonotum
dark brown. Pleura brown.
Legs with femora and tibiae of fore and mid pairs dark, the femoro tibia1
joints whitish with golden setae. Hind femur yellowish on basal half where there
are golden setae, the corresponding tibia blackish at, base and apex, the middle
yellow. Tarsi dark with apical narrow, indistinct rings.
Wing covered with yellow scales except a spot of dark ones over subcosta and
the corresponding region on the costal vein ; this spot also includes part of the
lst., stem of 2nd., and two spots at base of 4th. ; the 5th. vein with a spot in both
branches involving the fringe which is darkest at. apex. Haltere with pale stem ;
knob dark brown.
Abdomen with whitish tergites, covered with yellow hairs ; sternites blackish : last abdominal segment completely blackish and covered with hairs of
this color.
Male - Antenna plumose ; abdomen with tergites sometimes darker.
Genitalia : Basistyle uniform, three times the basal width, with a line formed
by five setae which from base are irregularly distributed nearly to apex and, another
thick seta on basal t,hird. Dististyle as long as basistyle, with a seta on basal fourth
and ending in a t#hickening wit)h a few appendicles. Ninth tergite elongate and
with a blunt point.
Yz~pa and 1awc1 Unknown.
Iy
pe locality Brasil,
Stat,e of Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, Japufba.
Type in F. H.
Distribution Bras&
State of Rio de Janeiro, (Angra dos Reis, Itatiaia,
Itaguaf, Federal District) ; State of S?io Paulo, (Hort,o Florestal, Boracea, Juquia,
SBo Jose dos Campos, Pindamonhangaba) ; State of Santa Cat,arina, (Nova
TeutBnia).
Corethrella
1942

Corethrella

(Corethrella)
Lane,

Tmw,

cardosoi
Rw.

Ent., 13

1942.

118.

Pemale - Mouth parts and palpus whitish, with golden hairs. Clypeus blackish with a long seta. Antenna with blackish torus and verticils of golden hairs ;
flagellum blackish, the hairs golden, two and a half times the length of mesonoturn. Vertex with two long, golden setae. Occiput .w&h blackish integument and
long golden ocular setae and hairs.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe small, iridescent, a few short black setae. Rlesonotum
with dark brown integument,, the space between the stripes iridescent, laterally
t,here are two rounded, bare, iridescent spots surrounded by blackish integument
and covered with golden setae : acrostichal and dorsocentral setae golden, long ;
prescutellar region blackish in t,he middle. Scutellum dark brown with eight
marginal setae and some golden hairs. Pleura dark brown.
Legs : Fore and mid femora and tibiae dark ; femoro tibia1 joints whitish.
Hind femur with apical half yellowish, the tibia yellowish except at base and apex
where there are blackish rings. Tarsi dark with indistinct apical rings.
Wing covered with yellowish scales except for a transversal band that, from
junction of costa and subcost)a reaches the branches of 5th. vein and fringt at both
ends. Haltere with whitish stem and dark knob.
Male -- Antenna plumose ; spot on wing less distinct.
Genitalia : Basist,yle ovate, twice the basal width ; a st8rong seta at base and
a row of five long setae from basal region nearly reaching apex. Dististyle as long
as basistyle, with a long set,a on basal third, thickened at apex where there are a
few appendicles. Ninth tergite elongate and ending in a blunt, point.
I
Pupa and larvw TJnknown.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Casa Grande. Type in F. H.
l%stribution Brad,
State of S. Paulo, (Casa Grandc, Horto Florestal),
State of Rio de Janeiro, (Itaguaf, _4ngra. doa Reis).

Corethrella
1902

Corel/,rella

1924

Dyar

1932

Johaunsen.

1944

Mathewn.

Corpillett.

Cy: Shannon,
Cornell
Hsndh

J.
Ins.

N.
Ins.

Coquillett., 1902.

brakeleyi
Y.

Ent.

Sot.,

Mens.,

Univ.,

-1gr.

of the

MOP.

1X

Exp.
N.

10

191.

21.5.

Sta..

Meul.

America,

2 ml.,

164

: 33.

91.

Fenzalc
Mouth parts and palpus dark brown. Clypeus dark brown, with
two median setae. Antenna with torus the color of clypeus and verticils of pale
hairs ; flagellum twice the length of mesonotum. Occiput dark brown with t.wo
proclinate setae at vertex besides the ocular row of setae of this color.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark above, lighter below, covered with light setac>.
Mesonotum with dark brown integument ; the pattern formed with central darker
stripes and lighter lateral spots : acrosXidh&l and -dorsoceritral setac dark brown
and intermixed with golden ones. Scutellum with darker integxmeut and tctl
marginal sctae besides smaller ones.
Legs blackish with lighter femoro tibia1 joints. Hind tibia with broad basal
and preapical spots of darker scales besides an internal stripe of erect whitish ones.
Tarsi dark with narrow basal rings of lighter scales.
Wing : Costa1 vein with two spots. One basal the other median ; both cross
the wing and meet on 6th. vein. Spots placed as follows : subcosta vein with two,
1st. with two, 2nd. with one at apex of stem to base of branches, 3rd. with prebasal
spot, 4th. with two apots at ste?, 5th. with one near stem and om on each branch
from middle to base ; finally a single spot at end of 601. vein. Haltcrc whitish.
Male Antenna plumose. Otherwise similar to female.
Genitalia : Basistyle two and a half times basal width ; a st jut scta at base
and a row of five setae. Dististyle shorter than basistylc. Mcs~somc pointed and
smooth.
Pupa - Johannsen (1934) : - Thoracic respiratory tube rcscmbling C&r,
but plane of margin is oblique, with a little rounded projection on rim on inner sidth.
Intermediate abdominal segment with a few short setae.
These segments have small median basal setae, the internal ones being short
and stouter. On the segments I and VI there are, in the middle, lat,eral longer
setae. Margin of segments V-VIII
serrate. _4 median seta on paddle besides
apical one.
Antenna as long as head, slightly curved and
Larva Head triangular.
ending in three long setae less than half as long as antenna. Later0 posterior row
wit)l ten spines. Mandible with two large apical teeth and five inferior ones ; upper
margin serrate with two thick setae beyond the middle and two more slender ones
on basal portion besides a tuft of seven broad and very united setae. Mentum with
eleven teeth, the longer ones alternating with the shorter ones.
Body nude, with long lateral setae. There are six sclerobized plates intcrsegmentally ; they are rounded and, from segment I reach VI._* Segment VIII
with a branched process near the long setae. Siphon two and a half times the basal
width and ending in two hooks and two long setae. ,4t base and posteriorly t.herch
is a small seta. Anal segment with a plate which does not envelop the segment, and
a long poster0 dorsal seta. Anal segment with very small brush and a long seta.
Type locality - U. S. _4., New Jersey, Lakaway.
Types in U. S. Y. M.
Material studied - U. S. A., Kew Jersey, Alabama, Louisiana.
Note - This is the only species endemic to the Nearctic region. It is Vera
close to C. selzlicola Lane.

Corethrella
1939

Corethrella

Lane,

1942

Corethrella

(CorethreZZa)

Female mesonotum.

Bol.

Biol.,
Lane,

(N.

selvicola
S.),

Rev.

Similar to male.

Lane, 1939.

4 : 391.
Ent.,

13

.4ntenna slightly 111016than twice the length of

88
-Vale - Mouth parts and palpus with whitish integument and hairs. Clypeus
blackish with two long setae. Antenna plumose ; scape with internal incision ;
torus dark brown, globose, with verticils of appressed scales : terminal segments
with integument, and hairs yellowish. Vertex separated from eye by the distance
of t,hree ommatidia and with long, proclinate setae. Occiput blackish, the oculars
of this color and with a few pale setae behind.
Thorax wit,h light brown integument, and whitish pruinosity. Pronotal lobe
with few setae. Mesonotum with three longitudinal dark brown lines in the integument corresponding to t,he insertion of the yellowish acrostichal and dorsocentral
setae ; t,he dorsocentrals reach the scutellum while the acrostichal setae end in
the precutellar region ; long, yellowish and blackish setae are found in the lateral
region. Scutellum with ten marginal setae besides smaller yellow ones. Postnotum
blackish. Pleura shining brown.
Legs : Fore femur and tibia with blackish integument and pale hairs on femoro
tibia1 joint and apex of t,ibia. Hind femur with the basal two thirds blackish while
the distal one is yellowish ; tibia dark, mesially lighter and with an apical yellow
ring and internal stripe of white scales bordered by setae. Tarsi blackish with
apiGa1 yellowish rings.
Wing covered with yellow scales and with two dark spots on costal vein.
The first spot just beyond base over subcosta, lst., 2nd. and 4th. veins basally.
The second one from junction of costa with subcosta crosses the wing but does not
reach fringe. Haltere whitish, the knob slightly darkened.
Abdomen with blackish integument and yellowish scales on tergitcs ; sternites sparsely pilose.
Genitalia : Basistyle slightly more than twice as long as broad ; a strong
basal seta and a row of five internal ones. Dististyle longer than the length of
basistyle and with claw. Ninth tergite setose. Tenth sternite spearshaped and
strongly sclerotized.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Brasil, State of S. Paulo, Juqui&. Type in F. H.
Distribution - Bras& State of S. Paulo ; State of Bahia ; State of Rio de
(Cabima, Tucumen) ; Trinidad,
Janeiro ; State of Espirito Santo. Panama,
Guiana,
(New River).
(Port of Spain) ; British
Bionomics - On a specimen from Trinidad
we found the following label : Bamboo, F. Amanes, VI.1906.

Corethrella
X927 Corethrella

Shannon

puella
Del

Ponte,

Shannon & Del Ponte, 1927.

Rev.

Ins.

Bad.

B. A.,

101.

Female - Mouth parts yellowish. Palpus yellowish, 2nd. and 4th. segments
the longest. Clypeus blackish, two long median setae and sparse hairs. Antenna
with scape and torus dark brown ; torus with verticils of yellowish hairs ; flagellum two and a half times the length of mesonotum. Occiput dark brown, long
dark brown ocular setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown, with a few setae of this color. Mesonotum
light brown with whitish pattern ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae as well as
others, golden. Scutellum the color of mesonotum, marginal setae golden. Postnoturn dark brown. Pleura brown with a few upper mesepimeral setae.
Legs with fore and mid coxae, femora and tibiae brown except for the femoro
tibia1 joints which are yellowish. Hind femur brown but apical third yellowish ;
tibia also brown but with an internal stripe of whitish scales. Tarsi brown with
apical indistinct rings on segments I-IV, V dark.
Wing with white scales except for two light brown spots from the costa crossing the wing to the 5th. vein and not involving the 3rd. lower branch of 5th. and
the 6th. Haltere yellowish.
Abdomen blackish with long golden hairs.

Male, pupa and larva Unknown.

Type locality - Argentina,
Jujuy, Ledesma. Type in I. B. B. A.
Distti-ibution Than of type 1ocalit.y.
Note - Our description is based on a paratype. This species is very close to
C. se&cola from which it can be separated by the fore spot on wing which is of a
lighter tinge, the absence of dark scales on 3rd. vein and the tarsal markings which
are smaller and less distinct.

Corethrella
1942

Corethrella

(Corefhrella)

Lane,

Rev.

stonei
Ent.,

13

Lane, 1942.

119.

Male Mouth parts and palpus with yellowish integument and whitish
pilosity. Clypeus dark brown. Antenna with dark brown torus and verticils of
yellowish hairs ; length twice that of mesonotum, the segments with yellowish
plumosity. Occiput dark hmwn, proclinate setae at vertex and ocular margin, nape
with small scales, setae and scales golden.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, pruinose, with a few dark setae. Mesonotum dark brown with pruinose whitish spots ; acrostichal and dorsocentral
setae golden, golden setae on the sides ; prescutellar region smooth, shining, darker
in the center. Scutellum dark brown with marginal setae and hairs golden. Pleura
dark brown.
Legs : Fore and mid pairs brown ; hind ones with distal end of femur and
tibia except apex, yellowish. Tarsi dark with distal whitish rings.
Wing covered with whitish scales except the basal portion of costal, subcostal
and 1st. veins where there are dark scales forming a broad band. A second spot
at joint of costa with subcosta and lst. veins extends to branches of 2nd. and 4th.
veins. Haltere with whitish stem and darker knob.
Abdomen with yellowish integument and covered with sparse golden hairs.
Genitalia : Basistyle three times basal width, densely setose, a strong seta
on basal third. Dististyle longer than basistyle, a seta on basal fourth, t,hickened
at, apex where there are a few spicules. Ninth tergite elongate, pointed at apex.
Female, pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Panama,
Caldera Island. Type in U. S. N. M.
Note - Type has a la,bel mentioning its capture in crab-holes (Cardisoma spp.)

Corethrella
1942

Corethrella

(Corethrella)

Lane,

tripunctata
Rev.

Ent.,

13

Lane, 1942.

120.

Male - Mouth parts and palpus whitish, with whitish setae. Clypeus dark
brown. Antenna with dark brown torus and verticils of golden hairs ; flagellum
twice the lenth of mesonotum with whitish plumosity. Occiput with dark brown
integument and whitish pruinosity, long golden, proclinate setae at vertex and
ocular margin, besides golden, short hairs.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe pruinose and shining. Mesonotum dark brown with
whitish pruinose patches forming a pattern ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and lateral
setae golden ; precutellar region whitish, pruinose, except in the center where it
is blackish. Scutellum whitish, pruinose, with ten marginal setae and small whitish
ones. Metanotum light brown, more so on margins. Pleura brown.
Legs : Fore and mid pairs with light brown integument, the femoro tibia1
joints whitish. Hind femur yellowish on distal half, its tibia yellowish except at
apex where it is dark brown. Tarsi with lighter apical rings.
Wing covered with white scales except three dark brown spots. The first is
in the middle of distance between junction of costa and 1st. vein reaching costa,
subcosta stem of 2nd. and base of 3rd. veins ; second is at base ; the third spot is
near apex of wing and covers costa and upper branch of 2nd. vein. There are,
besides these spots, dark scales on stem of 4th. vein and stem and branches of the
5th. Haltere with whit,ish stem, the knob slightly darkened.

Abdomen blackish, with sparse yellowish sctae.

Female, pupa clnd larva Unknown.
Type locality - Puerto
Rico, Carolina.
Type in U. S. N. M.
IXstrihu~ion - That of type locality.
_Votp ~ The larvae were found in crab-holes beneath rocks.

Corethrella
10-U

Core/hrda

(Corethrella)

Lane,

Lane, 1942.

kummi

Rev.

Ent.,

13 :

121.

tcem&a - Mout,h parts and palpus light brown, tbe hairs whitish. Clypeus
dark brown with a long seta. Antenna wit,h dark brown torus and verticils of
yellowish hairs ; flagellum more than twice the length of mesonotum, integument
and setac yellowish. Vertex with golden setac and hairs. Occiput dark brown, the
ocular setse and hairs dark brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe pruinose. Mesonotum with brown inbegument, with
median stripes and lateral dark brown spots ; prescut,ellar region blackish in the
cent,er : acrostichal and dorsocentral setae and scales yellowish. Scutellum dark
brown with ten marginal yellowish setac and hairs. Postnotum black. Pleura
brown.
Fling with three spot,s on costal vein reaching subcosta. The general appearance of the wing is peppered with dark spots. First vein with four spots ; 2nd.
with one at stem and one at each branch ; 3rd. with a single spot ; 4th. with one
on stem and one on each branch ; 5th. with same spots as 4th. ; 6th. with two
spots : fringe darker corresponding to spots. Haltere with white stem and black
knob.
Legs : Coxae brown. Femora brown with white scales, hind one with nearl)
lhe apical half yellowish. Tibia brown, the hind one with internal yellowish scales,
the base and apex very narrowly yellowish. Tarsus I yellowish, the other segments
with broad apical yellowish rings.
Male, pupa and Lav-vu- Unknown.
Type locality Bras&
St,ate of Bahia. Type in H. M.
Distrih&ion - That of type locality.

Corethrella

quadrivittata
nt De1 Ponte,

Corethrella

Shmmon

Corethrella

(Corethrella)

I.:\ncL, Rev.

Rev.
Ed.,

Shannon & Del Ponte, 1927.

Bnrt.B. A., 3 : 101.
13 : 12X.

Ins.

Female Mouth parts and palpus whitish, with golden setac. Clypeus
blackish, with a long seta. Antenna with blackish torus, the verticils of yellowish
hairs ; flagellum two and a half times the length of mesonotum. Vertex dark
brown with long, proclinate, golden setae. Occiput blackish, pruinose, the ocular
sctae blackish, short yellowish ones at nape.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish with sctac of this color. Mesonotum blackish with whitish pruinosit,v and the following pattern : three black stripes in
the middle corresponding to- insertions of acrostichal and dorsocentral setae, on
the sides of the stripes lateral spots and a subquadrate one in the prescutellar
region ; acrostichal and dorsoccntral setae dark brown ; there are also setiform,
yellowish scales which, from the anterior portion reach the scutellum. Scutellum
blackish, rounded, with blackish setae and yellowish hairs. Postnotum blackish.
Pleura with yellowish sctac on the posterior pronotum and short, black upper
mesepimeral setae.
Legs : Fore and mid femora and tibiae blackish, with whitish spots on femoro
tibia1 joints. Hind femur yellowish on apical third, the tibia blackish except. fot
an internal stripe of white scales. Tarsi I yellowish, the apex whitish (in some specimens slightly darker basally), II-IV dark with apical whitish rings, V completely
whitish.

Wing with whitish scales and dark spot,s as follows : - four on costal vein
extending to subcosta ; 1st. vein with four spots, 2nd. with one on stem and ontb
at apex of each branch, 3rd. with one at base, 4th. with three on stem and one on
each branch, 5th. with two on stem and one on each branch and 6th. with a single
spot at apex. Haltere with pale stem and darkened knob,
;lfalc Similar to female. Antenna plumose.
.
Genitalia : Basistyle three times basal width : a strong internal seta and a
row of five setae which, from base, nearly reach apex. Dististyle longer than
basistyle, thickened at apex and with claw. Ninth tergitc> conical, the apex pointed.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
7ype locality - Argentina;
Salta, Tres Pozos, Resistencia. Type in I.B.B.A.
IXs2ribution - Argentina,
(Salta and Resistencia) ; Rrasil,
State of Mato
Grosso, (Salabra),
State of Bahia, (Maracogipc) and State of Espirito Santo,
(Sooretama).
Note Our specimens wert compared with paratyptas. The prescutellat
region has a dark spot but tarsi are as in our description.
Corethrella
1942

Corethdla

(Corelhrella)

Lane,

Rev.

dyari
Ent.,

13

Lane, 1942.

: 1%.

ZfenLule- Mouth parts and palpus yellow, with yc~llow hairs. Clypeus brown,
a long seta in the middle. Antenna with brown torus and verticils of golden hairs ;
flagellum four times the length of mesonotum, wit,h golden hairs. Golden proclinato
setae at vertex. Occiput dark brown, ocular setae dark brown, others vellowish.
Thorax with light brown integument.
Pronotal lobe blackish, with golden
setae. Mesonotum brown with three darker stripes corresponding to insertion of
acrostichal and dorsocentral setac which are yellowish, the external ones reaching
scutellum while the median stripe reaches the prescutellar region : on the sides of
these stripes there are darker spots which, from the anterior region, diagonally
reach the root of wing and have scales and setae as in the median stripes ; prescutellar region with a strong depression showing a blackish spot which narrows
towards the scut,ellum. Scutellum rounded, integument blackish, wit,h eight brown
marginal setae, yellow hairs also present. Postnotum dark brown. Pleura dark
brown a few lower sternooleural set,ae.
Legs : Fore and mid Iferpora and tibiae blackish except for the femoro tibia1
joints and apex of tibiae which are yellowish. Hind femur &th an extensive yellod~
apical spot, its tibia blackish except for an internal stripe of white scales on two
thirds of distal portion. Tarsi dark brown with apical narrow rings.
Wing with four bands, of blackish scales from costal vein to lower fringe of
wing. Fringe darkened in the apex beyond the spots. The spots arc of variable
width, the first and third of them the broadest,. Rest of wing covered with yellowish scales. Haltere with whitish stem and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish with yellow hairs.
Male, pupa and larm Unknown.
7ype locality - Panama,
Canal Zone. Type in 17. S. S. M.
IIistrihrrtion - Panama,
Canal Zonrl and Gatun T,akc.
Corethrella
1942

Corethrella

(Corethrella)

Lane,

Lane, 1942.

edwardsi
Rev.

l&t..

13

126.

Female - Mouth parts and palpus yellowish, with setae of this color. Clypeus
blackish with a single seta in the middle. Antenna with twice the length of mcsonotum ; torus blackish with verticils of yellow scales ; flagellum wit#h golden hairs.
Vertex with yellow scales. Occiput blackish, the ocular setae dark brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish, pruinose, covered with a few setae. Mesonotum gra.vish due to pruinosity and with the following pattern : three longitudinal

stripes reaching the middle of disk, laterally there arc two rounded, blackish marks
and a central black spot ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae blackish, besides
setiform yellowish scales sparsely covering the disk ; prescutellar region depressed
and blackish at base. Scutellum rounded, grayish, with a rounded spot on t,he
central depressed portion next to the mesonotum, covered with yellow hairs and
ten marginal blackish setae. Postnotum blackish.
Legs : Fore and mid femora with blackish integument of a lighter tinge at
base. Tibiae blackish, the femoro tibia1 joints and apex of tibiae yellowish. Hind
pair with blackish femur, the apical third yellowish. Tibia blackish except for a
stripe of white scales from near base to near apex where the int,egument is yellowish,
apex of tibia with a yellowish ring, similar to the one in fore pair. Tarsi light brown,
with very narrow rings at apex, sometimes absent.
Wing with four spots of blackish scales which, from costal vein reach the
posterior fringe. Fringe darkened ab apex and in places where there are black
spots. Rest of wing covered with yellowish scales. Halt.ere with white stem and
dark brown knob.
Abdomen blackish with long golden hairs.
Male, pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - Brasil,
State of Mato Grosso, Salabra. Type in F. H.
Distribution Brasil,
State of Mato Grosso, (SalBbra) ; State of Minas
Gerais, (Governador Valadares).

Corethrella
1939

Corethrella

1942. Corethrella

Lane,

Bol.

(Corethrella)

Biol.
Lane,

(N.

S.),

Rev.

Lane, 1939.

vittata
4 :
Ent.,

390.
13

124.

Female - Similar to the male. Antenna twice the length of mesonotum.

Male Mouth parts and palpus with yellowish integument and covered
with hairs of this color. Clypeus blackish with a single seta. Antenna plumose ;
scape reduced ; torus globose, blackish with verticils of appressed yellow scales.
Front, broad, with a median suture and yellow, proclinate setae. Occiput blackish,
ocular setae yellow besides a few very small yellow ones at nape.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe small and with three setae. Mesonotum with grayish
integument and three blackish longitudinal stripes, the median one ends at anterior
portion of prescutellar region, the laterals reach the scutellum ; there are also
lateral black spots and sparse yellow hairs intermixed with long blackish ones ;
acrostichal and dorsocentral setae yellow. Scutellum blackish, with eight marginal
long setae and a few small yellowish hairs. Postnotum blackish. Pleura blackish
and shining.
Legi : With mid femur and tibia blackish except for the femoro tibia1 joints
and apex of tibia which have yellow integument and hairs. Hind femur blackish,
the distal third yellow, tibia with the basal half yellowish and a double row of
white scales. Tarsi I brownish, with an apical yellow ring, the other segments
blackish with apical yellow rings. Claws simple.
Wing with four dark spots which, from costal vein reach the opposite margin
and fringe except of basal spot. Apical spot is interrupted in the 3rd. vein while
the apical portion of the fringe has a dark spot. Haltere yellow.
Abdomen with blackish integument and covered with yellow hairs, ventrally
nearly nude.
Genitalia : Basistyle four times the basal width ; a strong basal seta and a
row of five internal ones. Dististyle shorter than basistyle, apically thickened and
with a basal spine and claw. Ninth tergite setose. Tenth sternite conical, apex
pear shaped. Mesosome weakly sclerotized and with median teeth.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Juqui&. Type in F. H.
Distribution - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, (JuquX) ; State of Espirito Santo,
(Sooretama).

93
---

Genus LUTZOMIOPS
Coreth7da (Lutzomiops)
(as C. nigra

Rev.

Ent.,

13

Lane, 1942.
127 -

Type

C. davisi

Shannon

& Del

Ponte

Lane).

Adult: The following characters separate this genus from

CorethretEa: - Wing covered with unicolorous scales, tarsi without
rings. Male genitalia having in, the basistyle, a sclerotized plate
from which one to three setae originate. Below this sclerotized plate
there are three setae with modified apex.
Pupa - The only pupa known (L. davisi) shows a strongly spiculose tube and a paddle devoid of an apical spine but margins dentate.
Larva - Only the larva of L. davisi is known. It is not yet
possible to note characters which distinguish it from those of Corefhrella.
Biomics - As only the aquatic stages of a single species, L. davisi,
are known, which breeds in swamps, it is premature to draw conclusions as to the aquatic habits of species belonging to this genus. The
adults are found in the same habitat as Cowthrella.
Key for

the

adults

of

I,UTZO,MIOPS.

1. ,Lbdomen with apical bands on tergitcs . . .

2.

3.
4.

5.

G.

7.

. . . 2.
_ibdomen with tergites unicolorous or with small basal bands. .3.
,Ibdominal bands large and covering nearly t,he distal half of
tergites ; male genitalia wit,h three setae inserted in the sclerotized portion of basistyle . . . . . . . .
. .
alticola
Abdominal bands small and narrow ; male unknown . . . . . . Zutxi
Mesonotum with unicolorous integument, without a pattern. . 4.
Mesonotum marked, the integument forming a pattern . . . . . 7.
Femoro tibia1 joints with silvery scales forming a shining spot. . 5.
Femoro tibia1 joints with yellowish scales and not, forming a
shining spot ; dark brown species ; sternopleura with a white
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nigrescens
patch . . . .
Mesonotum with dark brown integument ; male genitalia with
a single seta on sclerotized plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shannoni
I\4esonotum with blackish brown integument ; male genitalia
with two setae on the sclerotized plate .
.
.
davisi
Xlesonotum with yellowish integument . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.
Shining spot on sternopleura large and surrounded by darker
sclerotization ; male unknown . . . . . . . _. . . . . . . . iridescens
Spot on sternopleura small and not surrounded by darker sclerotization ; male genitalia with two setae in the sclerotized
plate of basistyle . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . pallida
..............
8.
Haltere completely whitish
.
..............
9*.
Haltere with pale stem and
...&.

C
L&

3. Mesonotum with brown integument . .

. . .
. pwuciana
Mesonotum with blackish integument . .
.. . .
juyuiana
9. Mesonotum with brown integument . .
..
amaxonica
Mesonotum with bright yellow integument, sparsely setose ;
male genit#alia with a sclerotized plate bearing two setae and,
below the pla,te, a single foliaceous seta on basistyle . . iiwreffoi
Lutzomioys
Shannon

davisi

193

Core(hre/ln

-yn.

193!)

Corethrella

nigru

8: Del

1042

Corethrdla

(L~ctzomiops)

Lane,

Ionte,
Bol.
Lane,

(Shannon & Del Pont,e, 1927).

Rev.
Biol.

Ins.
(N.

Rm-.

Bad.
S.),

Ent.,

4 :
13

B.

A.,

.i

103.

105, 388.

: 127.

Ma/e - Mouth parts and palpus dark brown. Clypeus very small, with two
long setac. Antenna wit]h verv large, dark brown torus, verticils of this color ;
flagellum plumose, the hairs o$ a lighter tinge. Eyes approximated above by t,hc
width of four ommatidia. Occiput with blackish integument, ocular setac blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish, shining, nude. Mesonotum dark brown,
posteriorly of a lighter color, without scales ; dorsocentral and acrostichal setae
dark brown, long, there arc* other setac at root of wing and on the sides. Scutcllum

Fig.

3:;.

Pleura black
with twelve very long marginal setac. Postnotum light brown.
cscept for the sternopleura which has a shining silvery spot.
Wing covered with dark scales, the base of wing with whitish ones. Halttare
with whitish stem and blackish knob.
Legs with iridescent spots formed by white scales on all femora, the rest
blackish except for pale ciliation on posterior tibia.
9bdomen densely covered with blackish scales ; genital segments with vellou
integument and sctae.
Genitalia : (fig. 53). Basistyle twice as long as broad, two thick setac on
distal half inserted in a sclerotized plate, the distal shorter than the proximal,
seta ; basal half with three curved, foliaceous set,ae on distal portion. Dististyle
longer than basistyle with a seta at base internally and with terminal claw. Sinth
tergite pilose. Tenth sternite with ihc apes of triangular shape, blunt. Mesosomc
weakly sclerotized.
Fewzak - Similar to male. Antenna slight,ly more than twice the length of
mesonotum : hind tibia with more extensive markings.
Pupa Integument yellowish, laterally of a lighter tinge. Tube short,
densely spiculosc. Cephalothoracic setae simple.
Abdomen : (fig. 54). The setae of the abdominal segments are minute, hair
13 minute, -4 in t,he form of a spine inserted at the angle of a protubcrancc. Paddle
with smooth point, the margins with crude serration : a seta near base.
Antenna t,he length of head, slightly curved,
Larva Head triangular.
thickened in the middle and ending in three long setae, t,he longest slightly more
I han half the length of antenna. Later0 posterior row with ten long spines. Mandible with a large tooth, two smaller ones above and four below, there are also
t,hree thick, long setae on dorsum beyond the middle ; slightly before the middle
a tuft of six foliaceous set,ae. Mentum with eleven teeth, the median one the largest,
the others subequal, decreasing in size as they approach the sides.
Body nude and with long lateral setae. There are seven intersegmental plates,
the two posterior ones much larger than the five basal ones (terminal segment
not described). Siphon slightly longer than broad, ending in two hooks and two
.
long setae, a small hair at base.
7gpe locality - Argentina,
Tucuman.
Type in I. B. B. A.
State of S. Paulo, (ButnttDistribzction - Argentina,
Tucuman : Brasil,
tan) ; State of Mato Grosso, (Maracajti) ; State of Bahia, (Camassari) ; StRtc of
Minas Gcrais, (Governador Valadarcs) : Panama,
(Tucumcn).

Lut zomiops
1942

Corethrella

(Lutzomiops)

Lane,

Rex-.

lutzi
Ent.,

13 :

(Lane, 1942).
128.

Female - Mouth parts and palpus blackish, covered with hairs of this color.
Clypeus blackish with a long galden seta and dense yellowish hairs. Antenna
with yellowish torus, verticils formed by golden hairs ; flagellum three times the
length of mesonotum. Vertex witah proclinate golden setac. Occiput light bro\vn,
the ocular setae of this color ; dense pilosity at nape.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish on top and whitish below. Mesonotum
brown, with three median longitudinal stripes and two whitish spots on each side
(acrostichal and dorsocentral setar destroyed in the single specimen) ; prescutellar
region whitish with a stripe in the middle in continuation to the median one. Scutellum whitish with twelve marginal setae and short hairs. Postnotum blackish.
Pleura with three dark transversal stripes, the rest whitish.
Wing without spots, eovored with yellow scales : squamula with incomplctc
fringe. Haltere whitish.
Legs : Femora and tibiae of fore and mid pairs dark brown, lighter in the
middle,. femoraLwith distal ring and f&noro tibia1 articulation of a lighter color.
Hind femur as prececding one, the tibia with a broad basal blackish ring, the rest
yellowish. Halterta whitish.

Abdomen blackish on tar>. whitish below. the tereites with

narrow bands. covered wit)h sDarse golden hairs.
illale. w&a and larva -I UnknGwn.
Type Zbcdtity Brasil,
S. Paulo, Jaraguii.
Type in F. H.
Distribulion - That of type locality.
L

Lutzomiops
l!Ei9

Corethrella

Lane,

Bol.

1932

Corethrella

(Lutzomiops)

Biol.

(N.

Lane,

(Lane, 1939).

alticola
S.),

Rev.

110,

Ent.,

13

distal whitish

386.

128

Female - Similar to the male. Antenna with torus smaller and reddish ;
flagellum pilose and two and a half times the length of mesonotum.
&IaZe - Mouth parts and paipus brown, the hairs of a lighter color. Clypeus
reduced, brown, with a median seta. Antenna with brown torus, the verticils
with appressed whitish scales ; flagellum plumose and slightly more than twice
1he length of thorax. EIyes separated by the length of four ommatidia. Occiput
\vith a row of whitish setae, shorter ones behind.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe sparsely set.ose. Mesonotum brown with an indistinct whitish pattern formed by two longitudinal median stripes and two largn
IatcAral spots and a median stripe on prescutcllar region ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setac short, golden, besides sparse golden setae and scales. Scutellum pale
n-ith ten marginal darker setae. Postnotum dark brown.
Pleura with darker
spot,s on st ernopleura and mesepimcron.
Legs darker at apes of mid and hind pairs ; femoro tibia1 joints of all pairs
marked with white. Fore tibia with basal and apical rings, the mid one with only
I hc basal one. Hind femur pale, the tibia with a dark basal ring. Tarsi dark.
Wing covered with pale linear scales. Haltere whit,ish.
Abdomc~n sparsely pilose, the tcrgites blackish and with broad apical bands
on all segments.
Genitalia : Basistyle one and a half times as long as wide ; the sclerotized
plate with three thick and pointed setae ; basally and laterally there are two
curved foliaceous s&at>. Dististyle long, curved, median portion thinner, the apes
with a claw-. Ninth tcrgite quite pilose. Tenth sternite triangularly shaped and
chnding in a sharp point. Mesosomc weakly sclerot,ized.
Type locality - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, Campos do Jordgo. Type in F. H.
Distribution - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, (Campos do Jordgo, JuquiS, Cantareira and Pindamonhangaba) ; State of Goiaz, (AnBpolis) ; State of Rio de
Janeiro, (Ttati&ia and 9ngra dos Reis).

Lutzomiops
1942

Co~efl,rella

(I?utzomiops)

Lane,

nigrescens
Rev.

Ent.,

13

(Lane, 1942).

129.

Female ;LLouth parts and palpus blackish, the hairs blackish also. Clypeus blackish, with a long seta in the middle and smaller ones over the rest,. _4ntenna with dark brown torus, the verticils with golden hairs ; flagellum two and a
half times the length of mesonotum. Vertex with dark brown proclinate setae.
Occiput with blackish int,egument, ocular margin and smaller setae at nape blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with whitish integument.
Mesonotum
blackish
brown ; prescut cllar depression shining : acrostichal and dorsocentral set.ae, the
mm
on sides and over root, of wing, light brown. Scutellum the color of mesonoturn, with eight marginal sctac. Postnotum blackish. Pleura blackish brown, a
white spot on sternopleura.
Wing unicolorous, with dark brown scales. Squamula with incomplete fringe.
Haltere with whitish stem and blackish knob.
Legs blackish except femoro tibia1 joints which have yellowish scales. Tarsi
blackish.

97

CHAOBORINAE

Abdomen with blackish integument and setae.

Male, pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality _ Bras& State of Rio de Janeiro, Mag&
Distribution - Brasil, State of Rio de Janeiro, (Mag6)
(Juqui&).

Lutzomiops
1939

Conzthrella

Lane,

1939

Corethrella

Lane,

Bol.

Biol.

(N.

shannoni
S.),

Lutzomiops
Bol.

Biol.

(N.

4 :

(Lane, 1939).

104.

iridescens
S.),

Type in F. H.

; State of S. Paulo,

(Lane, 1939).

389.

Female Mouth parts and palpus brown, hairs lighter. Clypeus brown,
sparsely covered with gold&n hairs. Antenna with scape developed ; torus reddish,
verticils formed by appressed scales ; flagellum slightly more than twice the length
of mesonotum. Front with an iridescent spot which, from vertex, reaches insertion
of antennae, a few proclinate setae at vertex. Occiput iridescent on ocular margin
which has golden setae, behind the integument brown and covered with smaller,
yellow scales.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with a few upper setae. Mesonotum brown ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae long and golden, a few others over sides and root of
wing. Scutellum with ten golden marginal setae and a few others. Postnotum
brown. Pleura brown with an iridescent bluish spot on middle of sternopleura.
Legs brown except for iridescent spots on distal extremity of femora. Tarsi
brown.
Wing covered with brown scales except for a small area of yellowish ones on
cross vein m-cu and over 2nd. and 3rd. veins. Haltere with brown base and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish, sparsely covered with yellow hairs.
Male, pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, JuquiS. Types in F. H.
Distribution That of type locality.

98

CHAOBORINAE

Lutzomiops
1943

Corethrella

(Lu~~miops)

Lane,

Rev.

pallida
Ent.,

13

(Lane, 1942).
129.

,Plale - Mouth parts and palpus light brown, with golden hairs. Clypeus
dark brown with eight long, yellowish Mae. Antenna with yellow torus, verticils
formed by hairs of this color ; flagellum whitish with long, golden hairs and more
than twice the length of mesonotum. Vertex with golden proclinate setae. Occiput
with yellowish integument, ocular setae golden, small ones at nape.
Mesonotum
Thorax : Pronotal lobe yellowish and with silvery pruinosity.
with yellowish integument ; later0 anteriorly there is a whitish shading ; prescutcllar region smooth, shining, whitish, darker in the middle ; acrostichal and
dorsocentral setae long, golden, others on sides and over wing. Scutellum with
whitish integument in the middle. Pleura light brown and whitish ; a small pruinose spot on sternopleura.
Legs yellowish, femoro tibia1 joints with shining silvery scales.
Wing unicolorous, with yellowish scales. Haltere with whitish stem and
dark knob.
Abdomen light brown with basal whitish bands on tergites ; terminal segments yellowish and sparsely covered with golden hairs.
Genitalia : Basistyle twice as long as broad ; a strong seta, above it a smaller
and slenderer one, both inserted in a sclerotized plate ; below the plate two smaller,
shorter setae and basally three long foliaceous ones. Dististyle longer than basistyle, the claw short. Xnth tergite elongate, the apex blunt.
Female, pupa and larl;a Unknown.
Type locality - Panama,
Porto Bello. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution That of type locality.
Note - A label on one of the specimens shows the larvae were taken in
Tillandsia spp.

Lutzomiops
1939

Corethrella

Lane,

Bol.

1942

Corethrella

(Lutzomiops)

Biol.

(N

Lane,

(Lane, 1939).

peruviana

..

S.) , 4:

Rev.

Ent.,

110.
13

130.

Female - Similar to male. Flagellum filiform and twice the length of mesonotum.
Male - Mouth parts and palpus pale, with whitish hairs. Clypeus blackish,
with three long, golden setae. Antenna with light brown torus, the verticils whitish ; flagellum plumose, the terminal segments with yellowish integument and
hairs. Eves separated above by the distance of four ommatidia.
Occiput dark
brown, the median suture distinct ; ocular margin with golden setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe bare, pruinose. Xesonotum with blackish integument
except for pruinose regions forming a pattern ; prescutellar region depressed, with
three longitudinal stripes, the anterior spot darkest ; acrostichal and dorsocentral
setae brown, other setae on sides and over root of wing, brown. Scutellum darker
on margin, with three darker spots and ten marginal setae. Postnotum brown.
Pleura with blackish integument except for a paler stripe from propleura to upper
portion of sternopleura.
Legs with pale hairs and integument.
Hind tarsi darker.
Wing with costal, subcostal and 1st. vein covered with yellowish scales, the
others with grayish ones. Haltere cream colored except a brown spot near knob.
hbdomen covered with yellow scales, the last two segments with blackish
integument, the others with pale.
Genitalia : Basistyle ovate, twice the basal width, a sclerotized plate in the
middle toward apex where there are a single thick and pointed seta and another
smaller pointed one above it ; below the plate three slender foliaceous setae.
Dististvle longer than basistyle, uniform and ending in a claw.
Trinidad River. Type in F. H.
Type locality - Peru,
Iquitos : Panama,

CHlOl3ORINhE

Lutzomiops
1939

Cor~thrrl~a

Lane,

Femnlc mesonotum.

Bol.

Similar

Biol.

(N.

99

juquiana
S.),

to male.

(Lane, 1939).

109, 388.

Flagellum

filiform,

four times the length

of

lIEale - 1louth parts and palpus with brown integument and setae of this
color. Clypeus blackish with ten yellowish setae. Antenna with blackish scapc ;
torus blackish with verticils of golden hairs ; flagellum plumose. Occiput blackish
with white pruinosity, oculars blackish and small yellowish setae behind.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe bare. Mesonotum with blackish integument except
where there are pruinosc markings ; prescutellar region with three blackish stripes ;
acrostichal and dorsocentral setae blackish, others on the sides and over root of
wing blackish also. Scut,ellum blackish,ten
marginal setae. Postnotum blackish,
shining. Pleura blackish, nude.
Legs yellow.
Abdomen blackish, sparsely covered with yellow scales.
Genitalia : Basistyle twice the basal width ; sclerotized plate with two long
setae, the distal one slender, the basal one thick ; three curved foliaceous setae
at, base besides a more internal straight one. Dististyle one and a half times the
length of basistyle, with small hairs on basal third and a basal seta. Claw apical.
Sinth tergite strongly setose, the setae as long as basistyle. Tenth sternite triangularly shaped, the apes curved. Mesosome rounded, with a median and weakly
sclerotized incision.
Type locality - Brasil,
Distrib&on
- Brasil,

State of S. Paulo, Juquia. Tvpe in F. H.

State of S. Paulo, (Juquia and Casa Grande).

Lutzomiops
193!,
syn.

Coretlrrella
1942

Lane,

Corefhrella

Bol.

Biol.

(Lufzomiops)

(N.

amazonica
S.),

coufinhoi

(Lane, 1939).

110.

Lane,

Rev.

Ent.,

13

131.

Female - Mouth parts and palpus brown, with brown hairs. Clvpeus blackish,.with a long seta in the middle and shorter ones. Antenna ; torus yellowish,
vertlclls of golden hairs ; flagellum two and a half times the length of mesonotum.
Vertex blackish with dark brown, long, proclinate setae. Occiput blackish, the
ocular setae blackish and smaller ones at nape.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish. IIesonotum
with three blackish stripes
and lateral spots, basic color grayish ; prescutellar depression dark ; acrostichal
and dorsocentral setae golden, other golden setae on the sides and over root of
wing. Scutellum with ten marginal dark brown setae. Postnotum blackish. Pleura
dark brown.
Legs dark brown.
Wing with unicolorous scales. Haltcrc with pale stem and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish, with pale hairs and dark ones, apical segments with pale
scales.
&Tale - Similar to female. Antenna plumose.
Genitalia whitish.
Basistyle three times basal width, a sclerotized plate
in the middle where there is a strong median seta and two basal foliaceous ones ;
below three long setae. Dististyle as long as basistyle and with terminal claw.
Ninth tergite triangularly shaped, the apes ending in a blunt point.
State of ,4mazonas, Rio Madeira, Porto Telho.
Type loctrlity Brasil,
Type in U. S. IX. ;\I.
Brasil,
State of s. Paulo, (Palmeira) ; State of Espirito
Distribzction San to, (Sooretama).

100

C HrlOB

Lutzomiops
1942

Corethrella

(Lutzomiops)

Lane,

ORIh-TSE

(Lane, 1942).

barrettoi
Rev.

Ent.,

13

132.

Female - Unknown.
Male - Mouth parts light brown. Palpus blackish and covered with hairs
of this color. Clypeus yellowish with yellow hairs. Antenna with reddish torus,
brown internally, the verticils with black hairs ; flagellum slightly more than twice
the length of mesonotum, the segments and hairs blackish (in this species the flagellum is not as plumose as others of the genus). Occiput with brown integument,
a st,ripe of dark brown integument from vertex to nape, covered with brown hairs
on vertex, ocular margin and the rest.
Mesonotum with yellow integument and
Thorax : Pronotal lobe whitish.
three stripes, median slender, the lateral ones slender in front, wide behind and
reaching scut,ellum ; anteriorly lateral rounded, light brown spots nearly reaching
root of wing ; prescutellar region lighter in the middle ; dorsocentral and acrostichal as well as setae over root of wing and on sides dark brown. Scutellum with
light yellow integument, dark on the sides and bearing eight marginal setae. Postnotum whitish. Pleura whitish with a blackish stripe from posterior pronotum to
abdomen diagonally ; a yellow spot and another blackish one in lower portion of
sternopleura between fore and mid coxae.
Legs not marked, with yellowish integument and blackish hairs.
Wing with whitish scales. Haltere with white stem and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish, with dark brown hairs, terminal segments yellowish.
Genitalia : Basistyle twice the basal width ; two strong setae on a sclerotized
plate, below the plate an expanded seta which is foliaceous at apex. Dististyle
longer than basistyle. Claw long. Ninth tergite elongate, apex curved and blunt.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Casa Grande. Type in F. H.
Distribution That of type locality.

TRIBE

CHAOBORINI.

Eight genera arc ascribed to this tribe, of these, only two are found in the
Neotropical region Sayomyia and Edwardsops. The differential characters are those
given in the key for tribes and genera of this subfamily.

Genus SAYOMYIA
1903

Sayomyia

Coquillett,

Can.

Ent.,

35 :

190 -

Coquillett,
type

punctipennis

1903.
Say.

Besides the characters given in the key, the following ones can be added : 6th. vein slightly beyond branch of 5th. ; fringe of wing long ; male genitalia
with the basist,yle having a distinct apical lobe.

Key

for

the

adults

of SAYOMYIA.

Fore tarsi with rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.

Fore tarsi without rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . antillum
Wing without dark spots but with median bands . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.
Wing with dark spots in nearly all veins . . . . . . . . . . . punctipennis
Pleura without black spots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
Pleura peppered with black spots which extend to other parts of
body ; integument whitish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . souxai
Median portion of mesonotum (between the median and lateral
stripes) peppered with darker spots ; mesonotal tuft of scales

101

CHSOBORINAE

always blackish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.
Mesial region of mesonotum (between the median and lateral
stripes) without such spots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brasiliensis
5. Wing with two large bands in the middle ; scutellum darker on
on the sides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . australis
Wing with a single median band ; scutellum completely unicolorous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . elnorae
Sayomyia
1923

Corethra

1942

Chaoborus

Say,

J.

Lane,

AC. Sci.
Rev.

(Say, 1923).

puntipennis

Phil.,

Ent.,

13

16.

140.

Female - Mouth parts dark brown, short. Palpus longer than mouth parts,
dark brown and sparsely pilose. Clypeus twice the greatest width, light brown,
covered with dense yellow pilosity. Antenna with globose, brown torus ; flagellum
whitish. Vertex and occiput light brown, covered with golden hairs.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, covered with setae of this color. Mesonotum with whitish integument and three dark brown spots ; the median one
from anterior portion nearly reaches prescutellar region and is divided by a darker
stripe, where the acrostichal setae are inserted, until the posterior mesonotal tuft,
which is also formed by light colored scales, is reached ; lateral spots from the
middle of disk reach scutellum ; between the spots and in prescutellar depression
there are numerous dark spots which correspond to insertion of setae of this color.
Scutellum whitish, darker on the sides, the marginal row formed by fourteen setae
besides many smaller ones. Postnotum bare, blackish. Pleura dark brown, some
of the sclerites with darker margins ; posterior pronotum with an upper spot
extending to posterior portion and bett,er seen when the specimen is viewed from
above.
Legs with numerous rings on femora and tibiae. Tarsi with distal rings.
Wing with numerous darker spots which are distributed over all veins. Haltere completely whitish.
Abdomen yellowish, the tergites dark brown on the sides and with many
blackish spots ; sparsely covered with golden hairs.
illale - Antenna plumose, otherwise similar to female.
Genitalia : Basistyle three times the basal width ; apical lobe small, rounded
and covered by a few slender setae apically ; there are two or three rows of slender
hairs which from base nearly reach the apical lobe. Dististyle a third shorter than
basistyle, uniform. Tenth sternites parallel, thicker in the middle, curved and
more slender at apex which is blunt.
Type Eocality - U. S. A. Type in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Distribution of our material - Mexico,
State of Jalisco, Chapado : U. S. A.,
Georgia, Louisiana, Florida.
Note - This species belongs to the Nearctic region and is a further example
of overlapping species from this region into t,he Neotropical.
In the series which
we studied great variation as to general coloration and number of rings on legs
was noted.

Sayomyia
1901

Corethra

1942

Chaoborus

brasiliensis

syn.

1924

Chaoborus

1939

Chaoborus

Lane,

Theobald,

Rev.
festzvus
antunesi

Ent.,

(Theobald, 1901).

brasiliensis
Mon.
13

Dyar
Lane,

Cul.,

302.

141.

& Shannon,
Bol.

Biol.

Ins.
(N.

Ins.
S.),

Mens.,
4 :

392.

12

215.

Female - Mouth parts dark brown. Palpus the color of mouth parts and
longer than them. Clypeus light brown, covered with golden pilosity. Antenna
with reddish short torus ; flagellum pilose. Vertex and occiput with light brown
integument, covered with golden hairs.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe large, with whitish integument and setae. Mesonotum
with whitish integument except for two anterior and poster0 lateral spots which
are brown with black margins or even dark brown or blackish ; tuft behind the
acrostichal setae formed by shorter and paler anterior scales, the posterior ones
longer and blackish ; prescutellar depression blackish behind. Postnotum blackish,
basally and in the middle with an oblong whitish spot.
Legs with a variable number of rings.
King (fig. 55) with basal and median bands. Haltere whitish.

Abdomen white and sparsely pilose on two basal tergites ; III-VII

with
blackish triangles basally which are larger towards apex ; 1111 with a broad basal
blackish band. Sternites with diagonal stripes which reach the median ones.
Male - Similar to female except antenna which is plumosc and the abdomen
longer and of a lighter color than in the female.
Genitalia : Basistyle four times basal width, integument blackish on distal
third ; apical lobe digitiform ; a row of setae from base of basistyle nearly- reaching
apex. Dististyle slightly shorter than basistyle and with a few apical spiculcs.
Tenth sternite rod-shaped, narrower towards apex and with a point projecting
below middle. Mesosome densely spiculose except for the base which is setose.
Pupa - Tube three times broadest width, base thick, gradually diminishing
in caliber towards apex until a point is formed ; with a fine mesh of rounded hairs
up to near apex where it, ends in a smooth point ; opening very small. Paddle
broader and longer than segment VIII ; with three filaments which support a
membranous portion and are quite sclerotized ; internal filament curved and
reaching apex, the external margin finely serrate ; the middle one straight, smooth
and not reaching apex of paddle, the external one is curved only near base and is
finely serrate on external margin.
Larzla - Head : Antenna short, with three apical setae longer than length
of this structure, Labrum longer than antenna, ending in a setose patch ; eight
long, curved setae and two short straight ones between labrum and insertion of
antenna. Mandibles with two basal tufts of long hairs and three long curved teeth
at apex. Thorax rounded, the air-sacs also rounded.

Sayomyia
1913

Chaoborus

Knsb,

1942

Chaoborus

(Sayomyia)

Ins.

Ins.
Lane,

Rfens.,
Rev.

(Knab, 1913).

antillum
1 :
Ent.,

121.
13

142.

Female - Length of body 2,4 mm. ; wing 2,2 mm. Mouth parts slightly
longer than clypeus, light brown. Palpus the color of mouth parts, both covered
with golden hairs. Clypeus sub triangular, twice the basal width,. whitish, covered
with dense golden hairs. Vertex and occiput whitish with whitish hairs.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe whitish with hairs of this color. Mesonotum with
indistinct pattern, whitish with sparse blackish spots ; acrostichal and dorsocentral
setae slender, long and whitish ; mesonotal tuft light brown ; light brown setae on
sides and over root of wing. Scutellum whitish. Postnotum light brown. Pleura
light brown and whitish with blackish spots.
Legs : Fore pair with seven rings on femur, eight on tibia, tarsi whitish.
Mid pair with six rings on femur, six on tibia, tarsi with narrow apical rings. Hind
pair with ten rings on femur seven on tibia, tarsi like the mid-pair.
Abdomen light, the hairs golden.
Male - Similar to female. Antenna plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 56) Basistyle three times basal width ; apical lobe pointed ;
rows of internal setae from base to apex of apical lobe. Dististyle nearly as long as
basistyle, slender apically. Tenth stcrnite rod shaped, a strongly sclerotized tooth
in the middle, apex pointed.
Type locality - Cuba, S. Antonio de 10s Bafios. Type in U. S. K. 31.
Distribution - Cuba:
Peru,
Iquitos, Chimbate : Brad,
Amazonas.

Sayomyia
1927

Chaoborus

Shannon

1942

Chaoborus

(Sayomyia)

australis
& Del
Lane,

Ponte,
Rev.

(Shannon & Del Ponte, 1927).

Rev.
Ent.,

Ins.
13

Bact.

B.

A.,

5 :

99.

143.

Female - Length of body 2,2 to 2,5 mm. ; wing 2 to 2,2 mm. Mouth parts
blackish, slightly longer than clypeus. Palpus blackish ; two first segments globose ; III longer than the two basal ones together, broad ; IV nearly as long as
III and broader at apex ; T nearly twice the length of IV but much more slender.
Clypeus yellowish, covered with golden pilosit,y ; torus globose, whitish ; flagellum
slightly longer than mesonotum, the segments with brown rings at base, fusiform,
the last two segments elongate. Vertex and occiput brown, covered with brown
hairs.

Fig.

56.

Fig.

58.

Fig.

58

Sayomyia

A.

antillum

mesosome.

Original.

Edwardsops

magnificus

(Knab,

Edwardsops
magnificus
enlarged.
Original.

Xale

1913).

(Lane,

1942).

(Lane,

genitalia.

Male

1942).

Basistyle,

genitalia.

Male

genitalia.

dististyle

and

Original.
Plates

of mesosome

Thorax : Pronotal lobe whitish, setose. Mesonotum with acrostichal and

dorsocentral setae long, golden, others, of the same color on margins ; mesonotal
tuft with blackish scales, the apex lighter ; integument whitish except for three
spots ; the first is broadest and from anterior margin reaches two t,hirds of mesonotum, the middle is longitudinally divided by a lighter stripe bearing the acrostichal setae ; t,he two lateral spots, from the middle of disk reach scutellum and
are darker on the margins ; besides these spots there are darker ones antero laterally ; prescutellar depression darker ; space between the three mesonotal spots
peppered with numerous dark dots. Scutellum whitish except lateral margins
which are darker, covered with long marginal rows of setae. Postnotum blackish.
Pleura light brown.
Legs wit,h rings. Fore pair with nine rings on femur, eight on tibia. Mid
pair with six on femur and six on tibia. Hind pair with eight on femur and seven
on tibia. Tarsi with apical broad rings. Basitarsus with small basal ring, fifth
segment blackish.
Wing with two median darker bands which unite on upper branch of 5th.
vein ; densely pilose ; fringe broad ; squamula with fringe. Haltere yellowish.

105

CHSOBQRINAE

Abdomen with dark brown tergites ; the sides and basally with blackish
; sparsely covered with yellowish pilosity.
2lfaZe Similar to female. Antenna plumose.
Genitalia : Basistyle blackish, broader at apex, three times basal width ;
apical lobe finger shaped ; rows of setae from base until apical lobe. Dististyle
slightly shorter than basistyle. Tenth sternite darker at apex and ending in a
point broader at base and notched in the middle.
Type locality - Argentina,
Tucuman.
Type in I. B. B. A.
Distribution of our material Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro, (Itaguai) ;
State of Minas Gerais, (Governador Valadares) ; State of Mato Grosso, (Salobra).
spots

(Shannon & Del Ponte, 1927).

Ins. Bact. B. A., 5 : 100.
Chaoborus (Sayomyia)
Lane, Rev. Ent.,
13 : 145.
Femate - Length of body 3,2 mm. ; wing 2,2 mm. Mouth parts blackish
Sayomyia

1927
1942

Chaoborus

elnorae

Shannon

& Del

Ponte,

Rev.

slightly longer than clypeus. Palpus blackish, the first two segments globose, III
longer than total length of first two, broad ; IV slightly longer than III and as
broad as it ; V one and a half times the length of IV but more slender. Clypeus
ligth brown, covered with golden hairs ; torus dark brown, large ; flagellum as
long as mesonotum,. the segments fusiform, the basal ones nearly completely brown,
only the apex whitish, the distal ones with whitish area more extensive, last segments elongate. Vertex and occiput light brown with golden hairs.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe yellowish, the hairs yellowish.
Mesonotum with
acrostichal and dorsocentral setae long, golden, mesonotal tuft with brown scales ;
integument whitish with three dark brown spots, the first from anterior portion
where it is broader, up to prescutellar depression, in the middle it is divided by the
acrostichal setae inserted on darker spots ; the two lateral spots from the middle
of disk reach behind the roots of wings and are darker on the margins ; there are
numerous dark spots between the larger spots. Scutellum whitish, with two marginal rows of long, golden hairs. Postnotum dark brown. Pleura dark brown with
a lower sternopleural seta, three upper ones and a tuft of upper mesepimeral setae.
Legs with rings. Fore pair with eight rings on femur and eight on tibia ; Mid
pair with six on femur and six on tibia. Hind pair with eight on femur and eight
on tibia. Tarsi with distal broad blackish rings, the fifth segment nearly totally
dark. Fore basitarsus with basal and apical rings.
Wing covered with dense, yellow, filiform scales. Spots near fork of 2nd.
and 4th. veins, upper branch and apex of stem of 5th. Fringe broad. Squamula
with complete fringe. Haltere yellowish.
Abdomen with brown tergites, distally of a lighter tinge ; sparsely covered
with golden hairs.
Mule Similar to female. Antenna plumose.
Genitalia : Basistyle slightly less than three times basal width, apex blackish ;
apical lobe digitiform, with rows of setae which, from base, nearly reach the apex.
Dististyle shorter than basistyle. Tenth sternite sclerotized at apex which ends
in a point, base broader and notched.
Type locality - Argentina,
Salta, Tres Pozos, Near Embarcacibn.
Type
in I.B.B.A.
Distribution of our material - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Cantareira.
Note - The differences between our description and the original one, we
believe are due to variation both of size and number of rings found on femora and
tibiae. This and the preceeding species are quite close.

Sayomyia
1939

Chaoborus

Lane,

1942

Chaoborus

(Sayomyi

Bol.

Biol.

2) Lane,

(N.

souzai
S.),

Rev.

Ent.,

(Lane, 1939).

112.
13

147.

106

CHbOBORINdE

Fell&e - -4ntenna filiform, one third longer than length of mesonotum ;

torus globose, whitish ; flagellum with first segments fusiform and brown at base ;
last segments elongate. Mesonotum with smaller blackish spots. Pleura and
abdomen vrith black spots in greater number than the male. Other characters as
in the male.
ilfale - Length of body 25 mm. ; wing 2 mm. Mouth parts brown, longer
than clypeus. Palpus brown and setose. Clypeus with whitish integument and a
small black spot on each side, covered with many long brown setae ; torus whitish
with small anterior spots ; flagellum plumose, base of verticils brown. Eyes black.
Occiput white with a few ocular setae and other slender ones behind.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with white integument and setae of this color. Mesonotum white with three longitudinal broad stripes ; the median is triangularl!,
elongate with base at anterior margin of thorax, the apex blunt and beyond the
middle ; lateral spots darker and from middle of disk to posterior margin ; space
bet wcen spots with little dark ones ; a few acrostichal setae and lateral ones, all
pale ; mesonotal tuft of black scales. Postnotum with darker integument. Pleura
with a single sternopleural seta.
Legs ringed. Femur and tibia of fore pair wit.h nine rings each ; basitarsus
with basal and apical brown rings, tarsi II and III with the basal third white ; IV
with very narrow basal ring ; 1 dark. Mid legs with six rings on femur and eight
on tibia, four basal segments with apical rings, V dark. Hind pair with eight, the
tibia with nine rings ; tarsus I with a narrow ring on basal third the distal ring
nearly over whole half of the segment ; segments III and IV with apical brown
rings ; V nearly completely brown. Claws simple and with pulvilus.
Wing covered with white scales and an indistinct transversal band of darker
scales and integument which cross it. Haltere white.
Abdomen white ; tergites with basolateral black spots ; sternites with basal
blat k rings.
Genitalia : Basistvle with the distal third attenuated and with internal hairs
on basal two thirds. Dististvle shorter than basist,vle. Tenth sternite blunt anicallv
with an acute spine on distal third and at right angles with the sternite.
*
Tz/pe locality Brasil,
State of Par& Santa&m.
Type in F. H.
Distrihzction
Brasil,
State of Par&, (Santa&m) ; State of Minas Gerais,
(Governador Valadares) ; Trinidad,
(Counoupia) ; Panama,
(C.Z., Madden Dam).
Y

Genus EDWARDSOPS
1932

Chaoborus

(Eduardsops)

Lane,

Rev.

Ent.,

13

Lane, 1942.
:

135 --

Type

unicoEor

Lane.

Besides the characters giv*en in the key, the following ones can
be added : - tarsi without1 rings ; male genitalia without an an apical
lobe on distityle ; apex of distityle spiculose. Habitus given in fig. 40.
Key

for

the

species

of EDWARDSOPS.

1. Integument with distinct spots ..........................

2.
Spots of integument fused ..............................
3.
2. Mesonotum peppered with small dots between the large spots ;
male genitalia with the tenth sternite curved ; mesosome spiculose only on the basal portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stork
Without such a peppering of dots between the larger spots ; male
genitalia with the tenth sternite broadened in the middle ; mesosome spiculose on whole surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zmicolo?

107

CHAOBORINAE

3. Cost,al, subcostal and 3rd. veins with white integument which

continues on mesonotum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . magnificus
Without such wing markings ; mesonotum covered with blackish
hairs, the large spots fused _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . breuisector
Edwardsops
lc312Chaaborus

(Edwardsops)

Lane,

Rev.

(Lane, 1942).

unicolor
Ent.,

13

135.

Female - Length of body 2,2 mm. ; wing 1,8 mm. Mouth parts light brown
exceeding by little the length of clypeus. Palpus dark brown ; segments I and II
globose ; III longer than length of II and III, broad ; IV as long as III ; V slender
and longer than III.
Clypeus yellowish, with golden pilosity. Antenna with pale,
globose torus ; flagellum with the first segment thickened and longer, the color of
torus but with an apical brown ring, the other segments the color of first and fusiform except the last two which are longer and cylindrical.
Vertex and occiput
light brown and covered with golden pilositly.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with dark brown integument, globose, a few setac
on the lower portion. Mesonotum with acrostichal and dorsocentral setae golden,
others of this color on the sides : mesonotal tuft golden the insertions brown :
integument whitish except for the following spots : - a light brown spot, darker
on the margins which is in the middle, and from the anterior region, where it is
broader, reaches scutellum, in the prescutellar region it takes the form of a stripe :
two lateral elongate spots, the color of the first and which, from the middle of mesonotum, reach the root of wing ; prescutellar depression with whit,ish integument
and crossed by the median spot. Scutellum whitish, slightly darker in the middle
and covered by numerous long golden hairs. Postnotum light brown ; metepisternum and metepimeron with small blackish spots ; chaetot,axy the following : a pronotal, three upper and one lower sternopleurals and three upper mesepimeral
setae.
Legs with yellowish integument and covered by hairs of this color. Fore
tibia about two thirds the length of abdomen. Empodium half as long as length of
claws. Claws long and simple.
Wing yellowish, darker on transversal veins, radial sector and cubital one ;
3rd. vein and m-cu less distinct than the others ; fringe long ; squamula with
fringe. Haltere whitish.
Male - Antenna strongly plumose, other characters as in female.
Genitalia : Basistyle three times the basal width, sparsely setose, an internal
row of united spines at base, spaced towards apex and from basointernal region
nearly reaching apical third. Dististyle three fourths the length of basistylc, curved
and thickened towards apex and with basointernal spiculosity as well as at apex.
Tenth sternite strongly sclerotizcd, broadened in the middle, attenuated towards
the apex which is capitate.
Mesosome rounded, without apical sclerotization,
finely spiculose on whole surface.
Type Zoccdity- Brasil,
State of Rlato Grosso, SalGbra. Type in F. II.
D&r&&on
- That of t(ype locality.

Edwardsops
1942

Chaoboms

(Edwardsops)

Lane,

magnificus
Rev.

Ent.,

13

(Lane, 1942).

138.

Female - Length of body 3,2 mm. ; King 2,2 mm. Mouth parts a little
longer than clypeus, blackish. Palpus blackish ; first tu-o segments short, globose ;
III longer than both the basal ones, broader ; IV as long as III but more slender :
V the longest, attenuated at apex. Clypeus whitish, as long as three times the
basal width, covered with golden hairs, light brown. Antenna with globose, brown
torus ; flagellum brown, the first segments fusiform, the two last ones elongate,

108

CHAOBORINAE

length of flagellum slightly more than that of mesonotum. Occiput light brown,
the sides darker, covered with golden pilosity.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish on upper portion, whitish on the lower,
covered with whitish setae in this region. Mesonotum with brown acrostichals,
dorsocentrals whitish and brown; mesonotal tuft brown ; integument with three
coalescing spots, grayish, blackish on the margins, with a median line from anterior
region to scutellum ; sides with a whitish line which, from the anterior portion,
reaches the root of wing and is broader anteriorly.
Scutellum grayish, cut by a
median darker stripe, in continuation with the mesonotal one ; two rows of marginal setae. Pleura whitish, with two transversal median bands ; posterior pronotum dark brown.
Legs dark, without rings. Empodium nearly as long as the claws. Claws
simple.
Wing dark, (fig. 57), without spots except the integument and covering of
the costal, subcostal and 1st. veins which are white and form, with the lateral mesonotal stripe, a continuous line. Rs. and transversal veins are darker and form a
transversal band. Haltere whitish.

Pig.

57.

Edwardsops

magnificus

(Lane,

1942).

Wing.

Original.

Abdomen light brown, darker on the sides of tergites ; covered with yellowish
pilosity ; last segment whitish.
Male - Similar to female (fig. 40). Antenna strongly plumose, longer than
1
mesonotum.
Genitalia (fig. 58). Basistyle uniform, with an internal row of curved setae
from base to apex. Dististyle slightly thicker basally and with about seven apical
spicules. Tenth sternite capitate. Mesosome rounded.
Type locality - Brasil,
States of Mato Grosso, SalGbra and Rio de Janeiro,
Itaguai.
Type in F. H.
State of Minas Gerais, (Governador
Distribution - Peru, Iquitos ; Bras&
Valadares) ; State of Mato Grosso, (Salobra) and State of Rio de Janeiro, (Itaguai).

Edwardsops
1930

Chaoborus

Edwards,

An.

Mag.

brevisector
Nat.

Hist.,

6 (1)

(Edwards, 1930).
34 : 533.

Female - Mouth parts brownish. Clypeus brownish, sparsely pilose. Palpus

brownish. Antenna one and a half times the length of thorax ; torus shining brown,
flagellum yellowish, the segments sparsely pilose. Occiput brownish.
Thorax with brownish integument. Pronotal lobe brown, lighter above and
below. Mesonotum yellowish with three large brown spots, the mesial one from

109

CHAOBORINAE

anterior margin to prescutellar area ; the two lateral ones from before middle to
scutellum and fusing with the mesial one at apex ; a tuft of scalelike setae in front
and another one at apex of prescutellar depression, both formed by dark brown
setae ; the acrostichal row of setae dividing the mesial spot due to its darker color.
Scutellum light brown with many long setae. Postnotum dark brown.
Wing unicolorous, darker scales along the transversal veins. Haltere yellowish.
Legs brown, without any markings.
Abdomen yellowish, the sides basally brown.
AfaZe, pupa and Zarza Unknown.
Type locality - Bras&
State of Amazonas, XIanaus. Type in B. M.
Distribution That of type locality.

Edwardsops
1942 Chaoborus

(Edwardsops)

stonei

(Lane, 1942).

Lane, Rev. Ent., 13 : 137.

Female - Length of body 2 mm. ; wing 1,6 mm. Mouth parts brown. Palpus
with segments I an II globose, III longer than the total length of first two, as broad
as these ; IV slightly shorter than III and as broad ; V nearly as long as III and
IV jointly, but, with same width.
Clypeus long, three times the basal width,
yellowish, covered with golden pilosity. Antenna with large, globose torus ; flagellum shorter than the length of mesonotum. Vertex and occiput light brown,
covered with golden setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, lighter and setose in the lower portion.
Mesonotum with acrostichal and dorsocentral setae whitish ; lateral hairs of this
color ; meaonotal tuft with light brown scales ; integument yellowish except for
three dark brown spots, the anterior and median one narrowed posteriorly and
crossed by a longitudinal row of hairs, the two lateral spots from middle of disk
reach the scutellum, the yellowish portion of scutellum is peppered with darker
dots. Scutellum yellowish, darker on the sides and with a median dark spot near
the mesonotum, covered by two rows of long marginal setae ; postnotum bare,
brown. Pleura brown without definite spots.
Legs dark. Fore tibia two thirds the length of abdomen.
Wing darkened on transversal veins, covered with dark pilosity ; 3rd. vein
and r.-m. more distinct than in E. unicolor. Squamula with fringe. Haltere whitish
except the base of stem.
Male Similar to female. Antenna plumose.
Genitalia : Basistyle uniform, sparsely setose, three times the basal width,
a row of united setae at base, spaced towards apex and nearly reaching it. Dististyle a fifth shorter than basistyle, thick, curved and spiculose towards the apex
which is rounded. Tenth sternite strongly sclerotized, curved, apex capitate.
Mesosome slightly more sclerotized in the apex and with dense basal spiculosity.
Type locality - Venezuela,
Maracaibo.
(Inside a plane from Maracaibo but
captured at Miami, Florida).
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution That of type locality.
Note - It is interesting to observe the coincidence of capture of this species
in planes and the specimen of E. brevisec2orwhich was caught inside a boat navigating the Amazons.

Bibliography

for

C. P. - 1913 176-177, 1 fig.

ALEXANDER,

DIXINAE

and

CHAOBORINAE.

A new species of D&z

from Chile.

Ent. News, 24

* Consult also Edwards (1929), Howard, Dyar & Knab (1912a), Johannsen
(1934), Lane (1939), Matheson (1944), Shannon & Del Ponte (1927),
Theobald (1901) and Williston (1896).

CHAOBORINAE

110

--

1920 -

A new species of Dkru from Argentina.

COOPER, J. L. and RAW JR., M7. F. - 1944 Can. Ent., 77 : 247-252, 5 fgs.
DY.~R, H. G. -

1926d -

192% -

Note on Corethrella appendiculata. Ins. Ins. hqens., 14

A new Corethrella from Panama.

DY.%R, H. G. & Shannon, R. C. - 1924b Ins. Ins. Rlens., 12 : 193-201.

--

1924c -

Ent. Sews, 31 : 294.

Check list of Dizidae of the World.

The American

Chaoborinae.

Ent. hews,

: 150.

39 : 79-80.

Some new species of American Dixa.

Ins. Ins. Mens., 12

: 201-216.

EDWARDS, F. W. - 1930b - Kotes on exotic Chuoborinae, with descriptions of new

species. An. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 6 : 528540.
1931 - New Neotropical
6 : 528-540.
GRABHAM, 141.KPUAB, F. -

1906 -

1913 -

Nematocerous

Diptera.

A new Corethrella from Jamaica.

__-

: 343-345.
: 121.

Czclicidae. Bol. Biol. (S.S.),

1939 - Non hematophagous Culicidae (second paper).

4 : 386-393, 5 fgs.
1942 Dixinue e Chaoborinae.
13 : 81-148, 4 pl., 7 fgs.

Hist.,

Ent. Xews, 17

A new Cuban Chuoborus. Ins. Ins. Mens., 1

LAKE, J. 1939 Notes on non-hematophagous

4 : 99-113, 11 figs.
__-

An. & Msg. Nat.

Biol. Biol., (N.S.),

Revisao das espitcies neotropicas.

Rev.

Ellt.,

---

1943 - Additamento e corrigenda ao meu trabalho s8bre Dixinue e Chaoborinue. Rev. Ent., 14 : 162-166, 2 fgs.
1945 -

Uma nova espkcie de Diva brasileira.

~XATHESON, R. -

1945 -

Rev. Ent. 444-446, 5 fgs.

Notes on Chaoborinue. Can. Ent., 57

S~NTOS, 0. B. - 1939 - Sobre uma nova espBcie de Dixela.

Farm. Minas Gerais, 22 pp., 8 fgs.

: 150.

Thesis.

Fat. Odont.

v_4RGAS,1,. - 1946 - Corethrella (Corethrellu) laneana n. sp., procedente de Monterrey, N. L. Rev. Ins. Sal. y Enf. Trop., 7 (2) : 63-67, 7 fgs.
S. Paulo,

22nd. of January,

1951.

Subfamily CULICINAE.
Adult - Covered with scales which, in the tribe Anophelini, can
be missing in the abdomen. Head : Proboscis * always longer than
half the length of fore femur ; covered with scales and ending in a
bare labellum ; clypeus developed and globose ; palpus ** formed by,
at most, five segments which show great specific and sexual variation ;
eyes nearly united above and below ; antenna with scape reduced,
torus globose, flagellum with segments longer than broad, usually
filiform in the female and plumose in the male. Thorax with two pairs
of spiracles ; pronotum divided in two lobes which, in some genera,
are nearly united above ; mesonotum developed and forming a disk ;
pleura covered with setae and scales ; scutellum always bearing a
marginal row of setae ; postnotum oblique. Abdomen with seven or
eight visible segments. Wing with six longitudinal veins besides the
costal and subcostal ones, the disposition of such veins unique. Veins
always covered with scales. Legs elongate and always covered with
scales.
Pupa - Tube with apical opening. Abdomen movable and functioning, formed by eight segments. The first of these has multiple
and differentiated setae (dendritic tufts) and with last segment terminating in the paddles, which have a midrib.
Larva With a pair of posterior spiracles. There is always a
breathing tube or a spiracular apparatus. Antenna never modified
for prehension. Mandibles and maxillae developed and horizontally
placed. Body without organs modified for fixation. Thorax fused and
always broader than the abdomen. Anal gills usually four.
Egg Deposited singly or in rafts. With or without lateral
floats. Operculum indistinct. The shape varies in the different groups.
Classification Several classifications have been proposed for
this subfamily. We have here adopted the one given in Lane and
Cerqueira (1942).
KEY
1.

FOR

THE

TRIBES.

First abdominal tergite without scales ; hind coxa slightly shorter

than the width of mesepimeron ; hind margin of scutellum
always rounded (slightly trilobed in Chagasia) ; female with
palpus approximately the length of proboscis (shorter in Rironella) ; squamula with complete fringe . . . . . . . . . . . . Anophelini
* The labium or proboscis ends in the labellum, a small distal scaleless sclerite. The proboscis incloscs six stylets which are, the labrum or labrum
epypharinx, two mandibles, two maxillae and the hypopharinx.
** Only maxillary pa 1p i a re found in the adults of this subfamily.

112

TOHORHYNCIIITINI

First abdominal tergite with, at least a tuft of scales ; hind coxa

distinctly longer than the width of mesepimeron . . . . , . . . . . . .2.
2. Scutellum always rounded on the hind margin ; clypeus broader
than long ; female palpus longer than the antenna ; squamula
without fringe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toxorhynchitini
Scutellum with three lobes ; clypeus not much broader than long ;
female palpus shorter than length of proboscis . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.
3. Pronotal lobe distinctly larger than the meron . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.
Pronotal lobe generally smaller than the meron (at least the
breadth of the lobe is smaller than height of same) ; spiracular
setae present in Psorophora and Theobaldia ; fringe of squamula
nearly always complete, rarely incomplete . , . CuZicini (in Part).
4. Spiracular setae absent (Haemagogus, Eretmapodites) . . . . Culicini
(in Part).
Spiracular setae present (substituted by scales in Limatus) fringe
absent in squamula, when present, incomplete . . . . . Sabethini

Tribe TOXORHYNCHITINI.
1924

Megarhinini
Dyar

1948

Toxorhynchites

& Shannon

Stone,

Proc.

Ent.

(preocc.),
Sot.

J.

Wash.

Wash.,

AC. Sci.,

50 (6)

14

478.

61.

This tribe is represented by less than twenty species in the Neotropical region. They are large mosquitoes covered with scales of a
bright metallic color. They form a very homogeneous group showing
marked sexual dimorphism as to palpi, antennae and the leg markings.
The species are very similar as to characters of male genitalia and
larva not showing such differential characters as are encountered in
nearly all the other genera of Culicidae.
Edwards studied in detail and characterized this tribe in 1932
and 1941. He divided the genus Toxorhynchites in three groups :
Lynchiella, Ankylorhynchus and Toxorhynchites. Of these, the first
two are Neotropical while Toxorhynchites occurs in t,he other faunistic
regions of the World. * Such groups were considered by Lane (1944)
as subgenera.
The differential characters for the subgenera are given in the
keys.
Genus TOXORHYNCHITES
1827

Megarhinus
rhoidalis
Megarhina

1901

Robineau-Desvoidy

(net Rafinesque),

Theobald, 1901
Mem.

Sot. H.

Nat.,

403 -

type

haemor-

Fab.
Macquart,

Toxorhynchites

Theobald,

Walker,
Mon.

Osten-Sacken,
Cul.,

244 -

Skuse,
type

Arribalzaga,
brevipalpis

Giles,

Townsend.

Theob.

* T. septemtrionalis is a Xearctic form. We here revalidate

Lynchiella Lahille, 1904 and ascribe to it the Neotropical
were placed in Megarhinus.

the subgenus
species which

113

TOXORHTSCHITISI

1904

$nkyZorhynchus

1904

LunchieEZa Lahille,

1906

Worcesteria

1917

1948

454

Cat.

Mos.

15:

172.

(in Bourroul),

Act.

Banks,

Megarhinus
Sur.,

Lutz

2 Cong.

Philippine

J. Sci.,

Howard,

Dyar

1928 Dyar,
Neot.,

Tozorhynchites

Mos.

Trab.

38

Stone,

Mos.

Mon.,

Am.,

399

Ent.

Sot.

Brasil,

53 -

type

type

4 :

grata

927 ;

1925

1932 Edwards,

1fos.

Latino-Amer.,

1 : 779 -

& Knah,

1941 Edwards,
Proc.

Med.

Ethiopian

Wash.,

50 (6)

Gen.
Region,

not

designated.

13 -type

haemorrhoidalis

Fab.

Leicester
Bonne
Ins.,
3

& Bonne-Wepster,

Fast.

23

194

57

1944 Lane,

Mos.

1939 Lane,
Rev.

Ent.,

61.

Female - Head rounded : proboscis strongly curved downwards,

always longer than the length of fore femur and gradually attenuated
towards apex ; labellum long, slender and ending in a point ; palpus
curved upwards (in Ankylorhynchus it is always longer than the length
of fore femur while in the genus Toxorhynchites it is shorter) ; segment
I of palpus globose, the others elongate, in Anlcylorhynchus segment
V is elongate and acuminate at apex while in Lynchielkz this segment
is very small and reduced to a button-like structure. Clypeus broader
t,han long, sinuous on external margin. Antenna filiform, shorter than
the length of proboscis ; flagellar segment I dorsally ornamented
with scales. Occiput developed and, at most, w&h six setae on ocular
margin, including those of vertex.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe broad, quite approximate above, with an
anterior row of setae inclined towards the front and above. Mesonotum slender anteriorly, broadening posteriorly ; the disk nude
(that is, the dorsocentral and acrostichal setae are absent while those
on the sides and over the root of wing are present). Scutellum rounded,
with a single marginal row of setae, the scales broad and overlapping
t,his structure. Pleura with posterior pronotals absent, spiraculars,
sternopleurals and mesepimeral setae present.
abdomen with all segments densely covered with scales, the last
segments frequently with lateral tufts of modified scales ; tergite I
with a characteristic rim with scales overlapping it, ; segments broad,
flattened, the apex blunt ; female genitalia with three spermathecae.
Legs witch femora and tibiae nearly of the same length, but fore
femur longer than corresponding tibia while the mid and hind femora
are shorter than the corresponding tibiae. Tarsal claws simple, one
longer than the other.
Wing : Stem longer than fork on 2nd. and 4t,h. veins ; 5th. with
supplementary false veins, wing margin broader posteriorly beyond
5th. vein ; in front of the 5th. vein there is a membranous thickening
which takes the form of a V. Squamula with scales substituting
the setae.
Male Antenna strongly plumose. Palpus always curved
upwards and pointed. Legs frequently of different coloring. Abdomen
with the segments longer than in the female. Claws with a developed
tooth.
Genitalia with uniform basistyle, attenuated apically ; only the
basal lobe present and with long setae. Tenth sternite high, with a

114

TOSORHYNCHITINI

developed tooth. Mesosome ending in a point. Ninth tergit,e with the

interlobar space broad and concave.
Pupa - Hair A of abdominal segment VI developed ; on IV it
can be developed or reduced. Hair B variable in length on segments
II-VI.
Segments VII-VIII
without 14and B developed in the subgenera
Ankylorhynchus
and Lynchiella.
Paddle with peculiar shape, very
much expanded and always twice the length of segment VIII or more.
Larva Head large, subquadrate and strongly sclerotized, frequently with tegumentary patterns. Clypeus with four small hairs
in a transversal row. Preclypeus with two pairs of hairs. Antenna
cylindrical, with three slender hairs beyond middle. Mouth brushes
formed by ten thick setae. Mental plate broad.
Abdomen with sclerotized plates bearing a seta on segments I-VII.
Tube short, thick and without pecten. Pecten of segment VIII
modified into a plate. Ventral brush developed.
Egg - Edwards (1932). Shortly oval, almost round ; surface
covered with minute spines.
Note - The adults have probably the quickest wing vibration of
all Culicidae because their flight is noticed by a sound of such a high
and penetrating pitch that is unique as far as we know. They have
meeting places in the woods and I have observed them alighting in a
tree trunk or liana in a forest. When such a place was discovered it
was easy to, in several collecting trips, gather a dozen or so specimens
of both sexes. We do not know why they congregate in such places.
Key

for the

adults

of TOXORHYNCHITES.

Palpus of female with the last segment pointed . . . . . . . . . . . .2*

Palpus of female with the last segment blunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.
Subgenus

Female with
Female with
. . .....
Female with

-4NKYLORHYNCHUS

dark tarsi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . trichopygus

mid tarsi marked with white, hind ones dark . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . purpureus
mid and hind tarsi marked with white . . . . . . hexacis
Subgenus

LYNCHIELLA

L4bdomen with the apical segments with red lateral tufts . . . . .4.
Abdomen without tufts, when they are present they are of
another color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...6.
Second segment of hind tarsi with white rings in the female ; male
with abdominal tufts developed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . haemorrhoidalis haemorrhoidalis
Second segment of hind tarsus dark in the female ; male with the
abdominal tufts less developed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.

113

TOSORHTNCHITINI

5. From Central America . . . . . . . . . . . , . haemorrhoidalis superbus

From Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. haemorrhoidalis separaf us
6. Abdomen with black lateral tufts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T.
Abdomen without such tuft,s . . . . . . . . . .
. . . , . . . . . . . . .9.
7. Female with tarsi completely black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.
Second tarsus marked with white
. . . . . . . . . . . . . soZstitiaZis
8. Abdomen metallic dark blue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ziolaceus
Abdomen metallic violaceous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mariae
9. Tibiae dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..lO.
Tibiae mostly golden, chiefly on mid and hind pairs . . grandiosus
10. Female with some of the tarsal segments marked with white . 11.
Female with tarsi completely dark . . . . . . . . . . . . bambusicolus
11. Female with fore tarsi dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.
Female with some of the fore tarsi marked with white . . . _. .14.
12. Male with the fourth hind tarsus marked with white ; female with
the mid, or the mid and hind tarsi marked with white . . . . . .13.
Male with tarsi dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bambusicolus
guadeloupensis

13. Female with second, or second and third mid tarsi and fourth or
fourth and fifth hind tarsal segments marked with white
guadeloupensis

Female with mid tarsi dark, hind tarsi with the fourth segment
marked with white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . portoricensis
Male
with the hind tarsi marked with white . . . . . . . . . . . theobaldi
14.
Male with hind tarsi dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pusillus
Key

for

male

genitalia.

1. Basal lobe with four or five short hairs, some of them curved . .2.
Basal lobe with two or three very long, straight, stout
hairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . trichopygus
theobaldi
bambusicola
guadeloupensis
haemorrhoidalis

2. Dististyle ending in a long claw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.

Dististyle ending in a short claw . . . . . . . . . . . .
purpureus
3. Basistyle without a row of differentiated setae . . mariae
portoricensis

Basistyle wit,h a row of five differentiated setae . . . solstitialis

Toxorhynchites
1828
1901

Cules

trichopygus

Megarhinus
ibd.,

(Ankylorhynchus)
Wiedemann,

Theobald,
127.

Mon.

Zwrifl.

Aus.
Cul.,

243 ;

trichopygus
Ins.,
1907

(Wiedeman, 1828).

: 4.

Theohald,

ibd.,

114 ;

1907

Theolxzld,

116

TOSORHYNCHITINI

1908

PeryassG,

1925

Bonne

& Bonne-Wepster,

OS Cul.

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

1944

Lane,

syn.

1904

Ankylorhynchus

1907

Theobald,

ALon.

1908

Peryassti,

OS Cul.

1925

Bonne

Rev.

Brasil,

Am.,
Em.,

59.

.l.i

Fig.

61.

479.

176.
Cul.,

4:

Brasil,

& Bonne-Wepster,

lobe

(in Bourroul),

Mos.

Sur.,

Fig.

of

basistyle.

14.

480.

59.

lobe

Brasil,

144.

basistyle.

(Ankylorhynchus)

of

Mos.

127.

(Ankylorhynchus)

Basal

Toxorhynchites

Basal

Sm.,

neglectus Lutz

Toxorhynchites

talia.

Mos.

401.

Fig.
Fig.

147.

(Based

trichopygus

61.
(Wiedemann,

1828).

i\Iale

geni-

Original.
purpureus

on

Lane,

(Theobald,
1944,
Rev.

1901).
&Iale
Ent.,
15, fig.

genitalia.
2).

117

T 0 X 0 II. 1-I Y N C l3 I T I N I

Female - Dyar (1928). Proboscis curved, slender outwardly, black with

purple and golden scales. Palpi with the last joint long and pointed, bright purple
scaled. Occiput blue, with some purple scales. Prothoracic lobes bright blue.
Mesonotum dark, with bright blue, brown, and bronzy scales ; pleura and coxae
with silvery scales. Abdomen bright purple and blue, with small lateral segmental
yellowish silvery basal spots ; venter brassy yellow, with indistinct median purplish shade. Legs black, with purple and metallic scales.
Male - Proboscis covered with violaceous scales, a fourth longer than length
of fore femur. Palpus longer than proboscis, violaceous except in segments II-IV
where there is an extensive inferior white mark, V dark. Clypeus and torus blackish
with whitish pruinosity ; flagellum slightly shorter than length of palpus up to
segment IV ; second flagellar segment with dorsal metallic scales. Occiput covered
with scales with greenish reflexes, below white ; two proclinate setae at vertex and
two oculars on each side.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe covered with blue scales, a few white ones below.
Mesonotum with dark green and coppery scales in the middle, greenish yellow
ones on the sides. Scutellum with greenish yellow and violaceous scales. Pleura
with greenish scales on upper portion of posterior pronotum and blue ones on upper
portion of sternopleura, the rest with white scales.
Legs dark, femora lighter internally.
Abdomen light green on dorsum of segments I-II, on III taking on a bluish
green tone, IV bluish, V-VIII
dark blue with violaceous tinge. Ventrally with
white scales, the colors separated on the sides irregularly, ventrally, in the middle
a stripe of dark integument and scales.
Genitalia : Basistyle with two or three differentiated setae at apex and
internally ; basal lobe (fig. 59) with four setae, two of them longer. Ninth tergite
with nine setae on each lobe.
Pupa - Integument unicolorous. Tube three and a half times the apical
width, not expanded. Cephalothoracic setae with a long one, the others minute.
Abdomen (fig. 60) with hair B of segments II-VI longer than length of segment, in II a little longer but from III to VI more than twice the length of segment.
Hair C of II-III
a little longer than length of segment, in IV half as long as segment.
Segments III-IV
with C. 1 multiple and half as long as segment. Hair A in V-VI
more than twice the length of segment. Paddle three times the length of segment
VIII,
minute setae at apex.

Fig.

60.

Toxorhynchites

Abdominal

(Ankylorhynchus)

segments,

dorsal.

trichopygus

(Based

on

Lane,

(Wiedeman,
1944.
Rev.

1828).
Ent.,
15:

Pupa.
fig. 6).

Larva - Head without darker integument. Pecten of segment VIII with the
upper seta longer than lower. Siphon twice the basal width.
Type locality Brad.
Type lost ?
Distribution - Brad,
States of S. Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina.

118

TOSORHYNCHITINI

Toxorhynchites
1901

Megarhinus

1913

Knab,

Ins.

(Ankylorhynchus)

purpureus
Ins.

Theobald,

Mens.,

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar

1944

Lane,

s)-n.

1908

Ankylorhynchus

1910

Theobald,

& Bonne-Wepster,
(pro
Rev.

parte),
Ent.,

Mos.
15

Mon.

hlon.

Cul.,

purpureas
1

(Theobald,

1901).

231.

36.

Mos.
Am.,

Sm.,

480.

400.

176.
violaceus
Cul.,

5 :

PeryassG,

OS Cul.

Bras&

149.

95.

Female - Proboscis dark, with metallic scales, one fourth longer than the
length of fore femur, gradually attenuated towards apex, pilose baso-inferiorly.
Palpus the length of proboscis, segment I globose, II broader than the rest, III
one third longer than II, IV slightly longer than III and acuminate at apex, V
minute, button like ; the segments are dorsally covered with blue scales,. except
light blue shining ones at apex of segments II and III while IV and V have extensive
lower patches of yellowish scales. Clypeus blackish and covered with whitish
pruinosity.
Antenna ; torus blackish with whitish pruinosity ; flagellum two
thirds the length of palpus, the first segment with nearly erect dark scales on top.
Occiput with broad blue-green scales, white ones on mentum ; five black ocular
setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with blue-green scales except a few white ones. Mesonotum with scales which are more slender and greenish in the center but broader
and bluish on the sides, the root of wing with black setae. Scutellum bearing longer
scales with bluer reflex and eighteen marginal setae. Pleura white scaled.
Legs with violaceous scales except femora internally and segments III-IV
of mid tarsi which are covered with whitish scales on one side.
Abdomen blue violaceous on top, whitish yellow helow where there is a longitudinal violaceous stripe over whole length. Colors separated on the sides by
incisions of the white color cutting the dark one basally, t,he last segment completely blue violaceous. Lateral tufts of segment VI with the basal half covered
with long white hairs, the apical half and segmental tufts on segments VII and
VIII have blackish scales.
Male - Palpus with segment I globose, II-V long, inferiorly with spots of
whitish scales on II-IV, the spot on II smaller. Antenna plumose, nearly reaching
palpal segment IV ; the first flagellar segment covered with metallic blue scales.
Other characters as in the female.
Genitalia : Basal lobe (fig. 61) with four differentiated setae at apex, the more
internal one is the most developed, while the third (from the more internal one)
is slightly less developed, the second and fourth are the slenderest. Dististyle
longer than basistyle and ending in a claw. Claw nearly one fourth the lengt,h
of dististyle. Ninth tergite with six or seven setae on each side.
Pupa - Unicolorous but integument is darker on abdomen. Tube gradually
expanded towards apex, three times the apical width. Group of cephalothoracic
setae represented by a very long and simple seta, the others minute.
Abdominal segments (fig. 62) with a lateral stripe of darker sclerotization
reaching the paddle, these are strongly sclerotized except on apical margin and
over a small portion of internal margin. Segment II with hairs B and C. 1 longer
than the length of segment, III-VI
with the hairs B two or more times the length
of segment except on VI where it is smaller. Hair A in V-VI is very long while
in VII and VIII it is minute. Paddle more than twice the length of segment VIII,
very broad, irregularly shaped, pilose on apex and serrate on posterior margin.
Hair B. is thick in some specimens, in others more slender.
Larva - Head with a broader and darker stripe in the middle. Pecten of
segment VIII formed by a sclerotized plate bearing two posterior pennate setae,
the upper one longer than the lower. Siphon three to four times the basal width.
Type locality Brad,
State of Amazonas. Type in B M.

119

TOSORHTSCHITIK-I

Distribution

States of Amazonas,

Bras&

Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais,

Baia and S. Paulo.

G2.

Fig.

Tnvorhynchites
minal
segments,

Toxorhynchites
1931

Megarhinus

(Ankylorhynehus)
(Based
dorsal.

purpurcus
on Lane,

(Ankylorhynchus)

(Ankylorhynchus)

hem&

(Theobald,
1944,
Rev.

hexacis

Martini,

Rev.

Ent.,

pupa.
fig. 7).

1901).
Ent.,
15:

(Martini,

,4bdo-

1931).

217.

Original description - Der lange spitze weibliche Taster weist diese Art in
die Untergattung Ankylorhynchus, in der sie aber durch die weisse Zeichnung an
allen Bein paaren sich von den bisher beschriebenen Arten unterscheidet. Riissel
am Grunde violet, dann durch stahlblau in die braune ApikalhB;lft,e ubergehend.
Palpen so lang wie der Rtissel, letztes Glied ungefghr die H&lfte der ganzen Palpenlgnge, ziemlich spits. Farbe schwarzviolett mit perlviolett,en Segmentbgndern.
Hinterkopt
schwarz mit himmelblauem Reflex, der besonders and den Augenrgndern hell ist. Lobi des Pronotum unten braun, oben himmelblau reflektierend.
Scutum braun beschuppt mit einigen kupfrigen Reflexen, metallblaue Schuppen,
and den Seitenrtindern und in der Mittellinie,
ferner auf dem Scutellum. Fltigeladern ebenfalls metallbalu beschuppt. Beine : Femora oberseits dunkel mit metallblauem Widerschein, unterseits golden, Kniefleck perlviolett.
Tibien schwarz,
metallblau und violett reflektierend.
t. 1 aller Beine ebenso. t. 2 der Vorderbeine
Weiss, der Rest des tarsus des einzigen Voerderbeines abgebrochen. II t-2-5 Weiss,
der Rest des Tarsus des eizigen Vorderbeines abgebrochen. II t 2-5 Weiss bis auf
die schwarze Spitze des t 5. III t. 2 dunkel, III. t 3 dunkel mit einer weissen Linie
auf der Unterseite, welche sich gegen die Spitze verbreitert, III t 4-5 ganz Weiss.
Abdomen auf dem Riicken dunkel, vorn mit metallgrtinem Reflex, weiter hinten
mit metallblauem.
An den Seiten goldene Apikalseitenflecke.
Bauch golden.
Male, pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - Bolivia,
Yungas de Coroico. Type in the Dresden Museum.

Toxorhynchi

tes

(Lynchiella)

haemorrhoidalis

haemorrhoidalis

(Fabricius, 1794)
1794

Culex

1821

Wiedemann,

haemorrhoidalis

1827

Megarhinus

1828

Culex

1905

Megarhinus

1906

Dyar

Dipt.

Ent.

Aus.

Theobald,

& k-nab,

OS Cul.

Mem.

Zweifl.
An.

Smiths.
Brazil,

Ins.,

Mus.

Misc.
135.

Syst.,

401

N.,

Paris,

1805 Fahricius,

6.

Robineau-Desvoidy,

Wiedemann,

1908 PeryassG,

Fabricius,
Exot.,

Nat.

Colls.,

Sot.
1

H.

2.

Hun.,
Quar.

71.

Iss.,

48

243.

427.

Syst.

Antliat.,

251.

120

TOXORHYNCHITINI

1914 Lutz & Neiva, Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 6

1928
1931
1931
1944
syn.

50.

Dyar, Mos. Am., 403.

Lima, Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 25 : 308.
Martini, Rev. Ent., 1 : 217.
Lane, Rev. Ent., 15 : 180.
1910 M. sepuratus Newstead & Thomas, Am. J. Trop. Med. & Par., 4

142.

Female - Proboscis with violaceous and green metallic scales, a few white
ones at base inferiorly.
Clypeus blackish with whitish pruinosity.
Palpus with
segment ,111 longer than II, IV slightly more than half the length of III, V minute,
covered with violaceous and blue scales, segments II-III
with whitish scales lateroinferiorly. Antenna with blackish torus and white pruinosity ; flagellum nearly
the length of palpus. Occiput with metallic purple and green scales, white ones
on mentum ; two ocular setae on each side, near vertex.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with blue scales, the margins with white ones, setae
light brown. Mesonotum with blackish integument ; covered with small greenish
scales except over root of wing and prescutellar region where they are large, blue
and on posterior margin where they are rounded and white. Scutellum with overlapping blue scales, marginal setae quite close, brownish yellow and about twenty
five. Postnotum brown with whitish pruinosity. Pleura with blackish integument
and white scales except on posterior pronotum where they are mixed with bluish
and violaceous ones.
Legs : Femora violaceous bluish, internally yellowish. Tibiae bluish, internally and basally yellowish. Fore tarsi without markings. Mid tarsi with segment
II extensively marked with white, this color completely enveloping the segment
at base. Hind tarsi with tarsus I yellow at base and underside, II with basal third
white. Claws simple.
Wing covered with bluish and violaceous scales.
Abdomen : Tergite I with yellowish scales and a group of violaceous ones in
the middle ; II-VIII
with bluish and violaceous scales. Tergites II-V with basolateral spots of yellowish scales. Sternites covered with yellowish scales except
for a median longitudinal stripe which is interrupted and of violaceous and bluish
scales.
Male - Dyar (1928). Coloration of the female. Palpi with the third joint
long and pointed. Abdominal red tufts on the last four segments. Legs without
white markings. Hypopygium : Side-piece conical, tapering ; basal lobe with three
stout spines at tip and numerous minute setae. Clasper long, slender, uniform,
with long, sharp, subapical spine. Tenth sternites large, curved and infuscated
at tip, with laterally directed point. Ninth tergites a pair of ten setae chiefly on
the outer aspect. Mesosome a pair of long remote conical processes bearing some
plates, arcuate basally, attenuated apically, with short teeth within.
Pupa - Tube three and a half times greatest width. Cephalothorax with
a very long seta on cephalothoracic group, the other setae minute.
Abdomen with basal margin of segments narrowly darker, the rest unicolorous. Hair B one and a half times the length of segment in II, twice the length in
III, and IV, two and a half times in V and VI. Hair C two thirds the length of
segment and triple at apex in II, one and a half times length of segment in III.
Hair C. 1 double and two thirds the length of segment in III.
Hair A. long in segments V and VI, minute in segments VII and VIII.
Paddle broad, rounded and
four times the length of segment VIII.
Larva - Head with integument slightly darker on hind margin. Setae of
body inserted in sclerotized plates.
Abdomen (fig. 63). Lateral plate of segment VIII a sclerotized plate bearing
two feathered, strong setae on posterior margin. Siphon slightly more than one
time as broad as wide. Anal segment with a dorsal multiple tuft, a single feathered
lateral seta.

121

TOXORHYNCHITINI

Fig.

63.

Toxorhynchites

(Lynch&Ala)

Larva.

Last

Type locality Brad.

Distribution - From the
Note - We have placed
haemorrhoidaZis. Such a course
zoogeographical distribution of

Toxorhynchites

haemorrhoidalis

abdominal

Megarkinus

(Lynchiella)

1907

Dyar

1917

Howard,

1925 Bonne

superbus Dyar

& Knab,

J. N.

Dyar

Y.

& Knab,

& Bonne-Wepster,

1928 Dyar,

Mos.

Am.,

402.

1944

Rev.

Ent.,

15

Lane,

& Knab,
Ent.
Mon.,
Mos.

haemorrhoidalis

(Fnbricius,

1594).

Original.

Type lost ?
Guianas to the Amazon Valley.
T. superbus and T. separatus as subspecies of T.
taken by us is strenghtened by the fact that the
the three forms is quite distinct.

(Dyar
1906

segments.

Sot.,

haemorrhoidalis

superbus

& Knab, 1906).

Smiths.
15

Misc.

Colls.,

Quar.

Iss., 42

255.

12.

4 : 932.
SIX.,

476.

180.

Female - Similar to T. haemorrhoidalis haemorrhoidalis except for the hind

tarsi which are dark and the abdominal tufts which take an orange tinge. In
general appearance they seem to be darker.
Male Last palpal segment long and acuminate.
Antenna moderately
plumose, the hairs short. Tarsi dark. Abdominal tufts orange reddish.

122

TOXORHPNCHITINI

Genitalia : (fig. 64). B asistyle with

basal lobe with two strong, long setae.

Fig.
Fig.

64. 65. -

(Lynchiella)

setae internally

haemorrhoidalis

superbus

(Dyr

& Knab,

1906).

Original.

(Lynchiella)
solstitialis
(Lutz, 1904).
(Based on Lane, 1944, Rev. Ent., 15, fig. 3).

Toxorhynchites

tple.

differentiated

Fig. 65.

64.

Toxorhynchites

Nale genitalia.
Fig.

five

Male genitalia.

Basis-

Pupa Unknown.
Larva Tube two and a half times greatest width. Anal segment with
(2fl)
dorsal setae and a small feathered lateral one. The anal segment seems quite
broader than wide.
Type locality Trinidad
(B. W. I_) ; Mexico,
Tabasco, Frontera.
Type
in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Mexico : Costa Rica : Honduras
: Nicaragua
: Panama :
Equador

Trinidad

Cuba.

123

TOSORHTNCHITINI

Toxorhynchites

(Lynchiella)

haemorrhoidalis

separatus

(Arribalzhga, 1891).
1891

Megurhinus

separatus

1944

Lane,

Ent.,

syn.

Rev.

15

Arribalzaga,

1901

Megarhinus

haemorrhoiddis

1906

Jfegarhinus

Zynchi Dyar

1912

M.

1925

M.

Zynchi Bonne

1928

M.

Zynchi

Zynchi

Mus.

La

Plata,

Theobald,

Mon.

Cul.,

& Knab,

Smiths.

Ins.

Ent.

y Pat.

Veg.,

& Bonne-Wepster,

Mos.

Sur.,

477.

Brethes,
Dyar,

Rev.

133.

180.

Bol.

Mos.

Am.,

Misc.

222.

Colls.

Quar.

Iss.,

48

244.

18.

403.

Female Similar to T. haemorrhoidalis superbus.

Male Similar to T. haemorrhoidalis superbus.
Pupa - Tube elongate, thickened in the middle where it is blackish. Cephalothorax with two long, simple hairs. Other hairs small.
Abdomen darker on the sides of segments. Segment I with dense, black
dentritic tufts. Segment II with hair A triple and small, in III-IV
simple, or double
and small, in V-VI more than three times length of segment. Hair B simple and
longer than segment in II, much longer than segment in III-VI.
Hair C simple
and longer than segment in II, double in III, simple in IV where it is nearly as
long as segment. Paddle darkened, rounded, large and more than four times the
length of VII, hind margin finely fringed.
Larva - Head subquadrate. Brush of nine or ten setae. Antenna very small,
slender and with three setae on distal thirds, two short spicules at apex.
Body with the setae inserted in sclerotized plates. Pecten of segment VIII
with two thick setae inserted in a plate, they are fringed and strong ; also a very
small hair and a minute lateral tuft. Tube three and a half times basal width, a
tuft beyond the base. Anal segment ringed by the plate which is strongly fringed
on hind margin ; dorsal tuft (1 multiple + 1 multiple),; lateral seta simple, fringed
and long ; brush with six pairs of long fringed setae. Gills very small and rounded.
Type locality Argentina,
Chaco, Formosa. Type m M. L. P.
Distribution Northern Argentina:
Paraguay:
Bras&
State of S.
Paulo, (South).

Toxorhynchites
1904

Megarhinus

Lutz

1907

Thebald,

1908

Peryassb,

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

Am.,

1931

Lima,

Mem.

Ins.

Mon.

(Lynchiella)

(in Bourroul),
Cul.,

OS Cul.

4:

& Galvao,

1944

Lane,

Rev.

Ent.,

sy-n.

1907

Megarhinus

1925

M.

Sur.,

479

10.

141.
Mos.

404.
0.

Crux,

Rev.
15

25

Biol.

mara

307.

Hyg.,

81.

180.

chrysocephalus

chrysocephalus

1942 Megarhinus

Brazil,

133.

Brazil,

& Bonne-Wepster,

1935 Pessoa

(Lutz,

solstitialis

Mos.

Bonne
Anduze,

Theobald,

Mon.

CU.,

& Bonne-Wepster,
Bol.

Ent.

Ven.,

4:

Mos.
1

43.

136.

Sur.,

479.

1904).

124

TOXORHYNCHITINI

blue metallic scales in the middle and blue metallic ones on the sides. Scutellum
with metallic green yellow scales. Pleura white scaled except posterior pronotum
which is covered with metallic blue ones on upper portion.
Legs dark, femora internally whitish. Tarsi with segments II and III whitish
yellow on one side, the rest dark.
Abdomen blue violaceous above, white below. Sternites with an irregular
median stripe of violaceous scales which is broader at base and apex of segments.
Abdominal colors separated on the sides in triangular incisions, the white cutting
the dark color basally on segments. Abdominal tufts of segment VI white, those
of VII black.
Male - Similar to female. Palpus slightly longer than proboscis ; segments
II-IV with large ventral white spots, V unmarked, long and acuminate. Antenna
plumose, slightly surpassing segment III in length. Tarsi dark.
Genitalia : Basistyle uniform, setose ; an internal row of five or six differentiated setae ; basal lobe (fig. 65) with the internal seta longer and curved, the
second closer to the internal one, also long, the other two setae smaller and decreasing in size. Ninth tergite ten setae on each side.
Pupa Cephalothorax and abdomen dark brown, unmarked.
Tube gradually expanded at apex, slightly less than four times the apical width. Group
of cephalothoracic setae with a long one, the others short.
Abdomen (fig. 66) with elements B and C of segment II slightly longer than
length of same ; III-V with these hairs two and a half times the length of segment ;
hair A in V-VI more than twice the length of segments. Paddle more than twice
the length of segment VIII,
rounded, with short, posterior spiculosity.

Fig.

66.

Toxorhynchites

segments,

(Lynchiella)

clorsal.

(Based

solstitialis

on

Lane,

1944,

(Lutz,
Rev.

1904).
Ent.,
15:

Pupa.
Sbdominal
fig. 8).

Larva - We do not find elements for the separation of the larva of this species
from that of M. purpureus except that the siphon is shorter and thicker. In the
illustration shown by Dyar (1928) one of the pecten setae is double but, in our
specimens, both these setae are simple, the upper one being quite longer than the
lower.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo. Type in B. M.
Distribution Bras&
States of Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo, Minas Gerais :
Argentina,
Misiones.
Bionomics - Larvae breed in the water which gathers at the base of leaves
of epiphytic Bromehixeae.

125

TOXORHYNCHITINI

Toxorhynchites
1900

Megarhina

1903

Meg&&us

1906

Dyar

1917

Howard,

(Lynchiella)

grandiosus

Williston,

Biol.

(?Tozorhynchites)

& Knab,
Dyar

1928

Megarhinus

1935

IMartini,

syn.

1901

Misc.

Coils.,

& Knab,

Mon.,

4:

(Megurhinus)
Mos.

Theobald,

Smiths.

Mexico,

Megarhinus

Dyar,

(Williston,

grandiosus

Centr.

Amer.,

Mon.

Quar.

Diptera,

Iss.,

1900).

224.

113.
48

248.

939.

hlos.

Am.,

407.

26.

longipes

Theobald,

Mon.,

241.

Female - Proboscis one and a half times the length of fore femur, metallic
green. Palpus (only segment I remains) metallic bluish scaled, whitish underneath.
Antenna : torus blackish above, pruinose on the rest ; first flagellar segment dark
at base where there are a few metallic scales, the apex as well as other segments
yellowish. Occiput metallic bluish with a narrow band of white shining scales on
ocular margin, below with shining white scales ; two proclinate setae at vertex.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe metallic greenish. Mesonotum with scales and green
ones intermixed in the middle, on the sides, from anterior margin to scutellum,
with light bluish scales which invade posterior pronotum, where the golden scales
predominate, scales are longer over the root of wing. Scutellum with green
metallic scales in continuation with those of sides of mesonotum and with a row
of twelve setae. Propleura and front coxae densely covered with silvery scales :
sternopleura with many white scales ; mesepimeron covered with dense silvery
scales. Postnotum with yellowish integument and a darker stripe longitudinallv.
Wing with brown scales. Haltere with whitish stem and blackish knob, the
colors obscured by abundant white scales.
Legs : Femora dorsally with metallic green scales, on sides and underneath
with golden ones, on hind one the dark scales are bluish at tip. Fore tibia bluish
dorsally and on sides but yellowish beneath. Hind tibia with bluish metallic scales
at basal fifth and extreme apex, the rest with golden ones. Front tarsi I metallic
bluish, golden on distal seventh, II-V whitish yellow. Mid tarsi whitish yellow on
segments I-III.
Abdomen with metallic greenish scales dorsally ; whitish ventrally.
iWale, pupa and larva Unknown.
Omilteme in Guerrero. Type in B. M.
Type locality - Mexico,
Distribution Mexico.

Toxorhynchites
1906

Megarhinus

(Lynchiella)

Dyar

1917

Howard,

1925

Bonne

& Bonne-Wepster,

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

syn.

var.

Dyar

& Knab,

& Knab,

Am.,

1922

Megarhznus

1925

M.

Mon.,

(Dyar & Knab, 1906)

: 254.

guadeloupensis

Smiths.

Misc.

Co&.,

Quar.

Iss.,

48

4 : 954.

Mos.

Sur.,

462.

405.
horei

horei Bonne

Gordon

& Evans,

An.

& Bonne-Wepster,

tucumanus

Mos.

1926

Megarhinus

1927

M.

1928

M.

horei

1931

M.

tucumunus

1920

M.

guadeloupensis

guiunensis

Bonne-Wepster

1925

M.

guadeloupensis

guianensis

Bonne

1927

M.

tucumunus

tucumanus

BrethPs,

Trop.

Shannon

Dyar,

Mos.
Lima,

& Del
Am.,

408.

Mem.

Ins.

arborealis

2. a Reun.
Ponte,

Shannon

0.

Med

Sur.,
Sot.

Rev.

Cruz,

Ins.
25

Ars.

Pat.

Bact.

330.

N.,

80.

16

Ponte,

Rep.

B. _4., 5

: 88.

307.

& Bonne,

& Bonne-Wepster,

& Del

& Par.,

469.

Rev.

Ins.
Mos.
Ins.

Ins.

hlens.,

Sur.,

Bact.

180

462.

B. A.,

89.

Female - Proboscis one and a half times as long as fore femur, with metallic
violaceous scales, basally a few green and blue ones. Clypeus dark brown, with
white pruinosity. Palpus with metallic violaceous scales, the apex with bluish tinge,
infer0 laterally yellow scaled ; segments II and IV about same size, IV a little
shorter, III one fourth longer than II. Occiput metallic yellow, violaceous, a narrow

126

TOXORHYECHITINI

border of whit,e scales forming a patch on mentum ; two setae at vertex and a pair
of oculars on each side.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with metallic blue scales and proclinate brown setae.
Mesonotum with yellowish integument ; covered with narrow greenish scales and
two median stripes of small blackish scales, the anterior margin with broad whitish
ones intermixed with green scales. Pleura wit)h white scales, posterior pronotum
wifh blue ones.
Mid tarsus III and hind tarsus IV
Legs dark, femora whitish underneath.
white on one side.
Abdomen : Tergites metallic bluish, sternites white, the colors separated on
the sides by basal rounded markings of the white.
Male - Similar to the female. Antenna plumose and as long as little over
fourth palpal segment. Palpus with segment V acuminate at apex and the longest.
Genitalia : Basistyle two and a half times broadest width, attenuated at
apical half, a few differentiated setae apically ; basal lobe (fig. 67) with five differentiated setae at apex, three of them much shorter. Dististyle nearly as long as
basistyle, three or four spicules at apex and one or two below. Claw half the length
of basistyle. Ninth tergite with six setae on each side.

Fig
Fir.

67.

. 50.

Touorhynrbites

genitalia.
Fiq.

70.

Ranal

Toxorhyncbites

talin.

Basal

Fig.
(Lynchiclla)

lobe

of

gundcloupensis

(Lynchida)

&

64.
Knab.

Male

1906).

Original.

hasistyle.

101x2 of hasistgle.

(Dpr

theobaldi

(lhsed

(Dynr,
& Knab,
1906).
on Lane,
1944,
Rev.

Male

Ent., 15,

g:rnifig.

4).

Cephalothoras
and
Pqa - Tube slender, four times greatest width.
abdomen brown. A very long hair on cephalothoracic anterior group, the other
hairs minute.

127

TOSORHYNCHITINI

Abdomen with hair B of segment II slender, a little longer than segment,

III slender and one and a half times the length of segment, IV-VI thick, rugose
and more than twice the length of segment. Tuft A with few branches and small
on segment VII and VIII.
Seta C on segments II-III
trifid and one and a half
times the length of segment in II and one third length of segment in III.
Paddle
three times the length of segment VIII, pointed at apex externally, the rib strong.
Larva Integument of head of a single color. Setae of body inserted on
sclerotized plates. Howard, Dyar & Iinab (1917) Air tube stout, about three and
a half times as long as broad, slightly tapered, without pecten and with a multiple
tuft. close to base beneath. Anal segment nearly as long as broad, ringed by the
plate, which has a spinulose apical margin ; dorsal tuft of two long brushes on
each side ; a single spinulose lateral hair ; ventral brush well developed, the tufts
with long feathering ; anal gills very short, bud-like.
Type locality Guadeloupe
(W. I.), La Soufriere. Type in U. S. X. M.
Distdmtion - Argentina,
Northern portion ; Bras&
State of Amazonas,
Venezuela,
Maracay ; Guadelupe
: Haiti.

Fig.

68.

Toxorhynchites

Origiml.

(Lynchiella)

portoricensis

(Roeder,

1885).

Nale

genitalia.

12s

TOXORHYNCHITINI

Toxorhynchites
1885

Megarhina

1896

Williston,

1901

Megarhinus

1906

Dyar

1910

Theobald

Roeder,
Trans.

Ent.

(pro

1917

Howard,

1925

Bonne

Dyar

1928

Dyar,

1928

Lutz,

syn.

1906

Megarhinus

1910

M.

Mon.

& Knab,

Est.

Am.,
Zool.

huitiensis

London,

Misc.

portoricensis

46

Cul.,

(Roeder, 1885).

337.

270.
Mon.

Colls.,

Mon.,

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

Zeigt.,

Theobald,

Smiths.
parte),

Ent.

Sot.

parte)

& Gab,
(pro

(Lynchiella)
Stet.

Cul.,

Quar.

Iss.,

232.
48

247.

5 : 93.
4 : 958.

Mos.

Sur.,

478.

408.
y Pat.

Veg.,

hailiensis
Theobald,

19.

Dyar

& Knab,

Mon.

Cul.,

Smiths.
5

Misc.

Coils.,

Quar.

Iss., 48

248.

602.

Female - Proboscis one and a half times the length of fore, femur, dark.
Palpus bluish, segment II with extensive external yellowish spot in the middle :
apex of segment whitish ; segment IV minute and knoblike, pale violet scales at
apex of segment. Clypeus blackish with white pruinose sheen. Antenna with
blackish torus and white pruinosity ; flagellum three fourths the lengt,h of palpus.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with pale bluish scales. Mesonotum wit,h blackish
integument, sides pale bluish, also an indistinct bluish line in the middle and over
prescutellar region, the rest dark scaled. Scutellum with greenish metallic scales.
Postnotum nude. Pleura densely covered with silvery scales, the posterior pronotum with metallic bluish ones.
Legs : Coxae yellowish with patches of white scales ; femora bluish, ventrally
yellowish. Femoro tibia1 joints whitish. Tibiae dark, bluish. Tarsi dark except
hind tarsus IV which is white.
Abdomen : Tergites blue metallic, sternites silvery, the colors separated on
the sides in ondulations ; a longitudinal line of bluish scales on sternites.

Fig.

69.

Toxorhynchites
ble ; b. antenna

(Lynchiella)

; c. terminal

portoriccnsis
(Roeder,
abdominal
segments.

1885).
Original.

Larva.

a.

mandi-

TOXORHTNCHITINI

Toxorhynchites

1828Culer

feros

1837

Macquart,

1818

Megarhinus

1905

Theobald,

Wiedemann
Dipt.

theobaldi

1906

M.

Dyar,

Mos.

Am.,

1931

Lima,

Mem.

Ins.

1935

PessBa & Galvgo,

1936

Lane,

1944

Lane,

syn.

1906

Dyar

Hyg.

0.

15

Colls.,

Quar.

1,2.

Mus.,

Colls.,

Quar.

Iss.,

48

246.

hypoptes

1910

M.

Bol.

1913

Megarhinus
M.

trinidadensis

1921

M.

jluminensis

1923

M.

trinidadensis

M.

trinidadensis,

60

80.

13.

wiedemanni,

48

Knab,

248,

Can.

et Jluminensis

et hypoptes

1917

312.

Hyg.,

Iss.,

jeroz

M.

183.

Megarhinus

409,

Ins.,

71.
Misc.

25 (4) :

trinidadensis,

Megarhinus

1928

Brit.

Smiths.

Biol.

1907

466,

Cruz,

Rev.

1908

1925

Zweifl.

406.

Ent.,

Jeroz

Dipt.

Hun.,

& Knab,

Suss.

37.

List,

S. Paulo,

Megarhinus
Misc.

Nat.

33,

(Dyar & Knab, 1906)

theobaldi

Humboldt),

Walker,

Mus.

1928

Rev.

(net

Exot.,

feros
An.

Ins.

(Lynchiella)

Lutz

Howard,
Bonne

Ent.,

20
Cul.,

& Neiva,

Mem.

& Knab,

An.

moengoensis

Trop.

5 :

& Knab,

Smiths.

Ins.
Ins.

Med.

128.

0.

Cruz,

4 : 943,
Ins.

& Par.,

et moctezuma

Brazil,

90.

Mon.,

& Bonne-Wepster,

Evans,

Dyar

50.

OS Cul.

Mon.

Dyar

et moctezuma

258.

Peryassli,

Theobald,

posticatus

ambiguus

251,

Mens.,
17

Bonne

&

139.

956.
9

23.

110.
Bonne-Wepster,

Mos.

Sur.,

458,

iim.,

406,

478.
moengoensis,
410,

411,

jluminensis,
412,

413,

1931

M.

Jluminensis

1931

M.

trinidadensis

Shannon,

1935

M.

trinidadensis

PessBa

trinidadensis,

moctezuma

et ambiguus

Dyar,

Mos.

414.

et lrinidadensis
Proc.

Lima,
Ent.

& GalvBo,

Mem.

Ins.

Sot.

Wash.,

Rev.

Biol.

0.

Hyg.,

Cruz,
33 :
6

25

312.

9.

80.

Female Proboscis one fourth longer than length of fore femur, curved,
dark, with golden scales below. Palpus a little longer than half the length of
proboscis, covered with metallic scales ; segments II and III extensively marked
with .yellow below and on the sides, IV with a small yellowish spot ; segment II
with two thirds the length of III,
IV slightly more than half the length of III.
Antenna with torus brown and white
Clypeus brown with white pruinosity.
pruinosity ; flagellum four fifths the length of palpus ; first flagellar segment with
dorsal scales at base. Occiput greenish yellow except for a white border which
forms an extensive spot on mentum ; two proclinate setae at vertex and two
occipital ones on each side, all brown.

130

TOXORHTNCHITINI

Thorax : Pronotal lobe with blue violaceous greenish scales. Mesonotum

with dark brown integument ; covered with coppery scales except a median and
two lateral lines of greenish scales. Scutellum with greenish scales predominating.
Pleura with white scales, the post,erior pronotum with greenish ones above.
Legs dark, whitish below. White markings on t,arsi variable (see Lima (1931),
PessBa & Galvdo (1935) and Lane (1936).
Abdomen dorsally metallic green basally passing to blue until, at apex, it
becomes violaceous ; ventrally yellowish ; the colors separated laterally by white
rounded incisions in the middle of segments ; below there is a blue stripe, broader
at base but, which does not reach the last segment.
;UaZe Palpus slightly longer than length of proboscis. Antenna plumose,
first, flagellar segment with blue scales with white reflections ; flagellum nearly
reaching the fourth palpal segment.
Genitalia : Basistyle with two apical differentiated setae, the upper one
large ; basal lobe (fig. 70) with a long internal seta, the one nearest lobe slightly
smaller, two other small setae. Ninth tergites with seven or eight setae on each
lobe.
Pupa - Integument unicolorous except on abdomen where there are median
spots which are slightly darker in the first segments. Tube four times apical
width, slightly expanded at apex. Ccphalothoracic setae a long seta, the others
minute.
Abdomen (fig. 71) with segment II and III wit,h hairs B and C longer than the
length of segments, IV-VI with B more than twice the length of segment, VI with
hair A two or more times the length of segment. Paddle nearly three times the
length of segment VIII,
apical spiculositjy minute.

Fig.

il.

Toxorhynchites
minal
srgmenb,

(Lynchiella)
theohaldi
(&YIP
& Ihab.
190F).
dorsal.
(Based
on Lane,
1944,
Rev.
Ent.,
15:

PURR.A4bd~fig.

9).

Larva Head unicolorous. Pecten with the two setae of the same size.
Siphon subtriangular, the length about one and a half times the basal width.
Type locality and type - Unknown.
Distribution From Central
America
to Southern Brasil.

Toxorhynchites

(Lynchiella)

1931

Megarhinus

pusillus

Lima,

1944

Lane,

Ent.,

Rev.

15

Mem.

Ins.

0.

Crux,

pusillus
25

(Lima,

1931).

313.

184.

Female - Proboscis slightly shorter than length of fore femur, blue violahaving inferior spots ; III one and a half
ccous. Palpus with segments III-IV
times the length of II, IV slightlv more than half the length of III.
Clypeus black

131

TOXORIITSCRITISI

with whitish pruinosity. Antenna : torus black with whitish pruinosity : flagellum
slightly shorter than length of palpus. Occiput hluc violaceous cscept in the menturn where it is white : two setae on vertex and two on each side.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe covered with blue green scales. Mesonotum with
narrower greenish scales in the middle, on the sides broader and bluish, more so
over root of wing where there are black setae. Scutellum with metallic blue scales.
Pleura with white scales.
Fore tarsi with internal white spot ;
Legs dark, femora lighter internally.
mid ones with segments II-III
completely white, tarsus IV of hind leg white also.
Abdomen blue greenish at base, violaceous tJowards apex ; ventrally covered
with white scales : the colors separated laterally in an irregular line ; below there
is a median longitudinal violaceous stripe the sides of which are parallel ; last
segments with yellowish hairs.
Male - Tarsi dark.
Pupa - Integument, yellowish. Tube four times broadest width. Group of
ccphalothoracic setae with a very long one, the others minute.
Abdomen (fig. 72) with hair B of segment II as long as segment, on III-VI
longer than length segments, the apical ones longer still ; B and C of III longer
than length of segment. Hair ,4 of VI more than twice the length of segment.
Paddle twice the length of segment VIII,
apically with minute spiculosity.

Pig.

52.

Toxorhynchitcs
dorsal.
(Based

(Lynchiella)
pusillus
on Lane,
1944,
Rev.

(Lima.
Ent.,

1031).
15, fig.

Pupa.
10).

Alxlominal

segments,

Larva - We have seen no material. Illustrated bv Costa Lima (1930).

lype locality - Brasil, State of Rio de Janeiro, Tijuca, Alto da B6a Vista.
Type in I. 0. C.
Bionomics - i4quatic stage is passed in the water held by bamboo in tree
holes.

Toxorhynchites
1913

Megarhinus

1923

Peryassb,

1928

Dyar.

Mos.

1944

Lane,

Rev.

syn.

Megarhinus
1925

(Lynchiella)

bambusicola
A 11.

Bonne

Am.,
Ent.,

Med.,

Lute& Neivn,
4 : 70.

bambusicolus
Xlem.

Ins. 0.

Cruz,

(Lutz $ Xeiva, 1913).

: 13F.

408.
15

aldrichanus

186.
Bonne-Wepster

C Bonne-Wepster,

Mos.

& Boune,
Sur.,

Ins.

Ins.

Riens.,

179.

475.

Female - Proboscis one and a half times the length of fore femur, blue violaccous. Palpus with two thirds the length of proboscis, violaceeus, apes of scg-

132

TOXORHYNCHITINI

ments II and III with metallic purple scales, III the longest, V minute. Clypeus
black with whitish pruinosity.
Antenna ; torus black with white pruinosity ;
flagellum

slightly longer than the third palpal segment, segnent I with dorsal
violaceous scales. Occiput covered with violaceous scales, giving off bluish reflexes
and, on ocular margin, white scales which, in the mentum, form a patch, two black
proclinate setae at vertex and one on each side.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe covered with brilliant-blue scales, a few white ones
anteriorly. Rlesonotum light blue on the sides and in a narrow stripe which reaches
the prescutellar region, the rest dark coppery. Scutellum covered mainly with
brilliant, blue scales. Pleura with white scales except the posterior pronotum which
has blue and violaceous scales intermixed.
Legs violaceous, the femora whitish internally.
Tarsi dark.
Abdomen with segment I dorsally blue greemsn, the others bluish except the
terminal ones which are violaceous ; ventrally covered with silvery ones except
for a longitudinal median violaceous stripe ; the colors are laterally separated in an
irregular line ; terminal segments with yellowish pilosity which does not form tufts.
Male - Palpus longer than the length of proboscis. Antenna plumose, nearly
reaching the fourth palpal segment. Otherwise similar to the female.
Genitalia : (Fig. 73). Basal lobe with two very long internal setae, the others
much shorter. Ninth tergite with six to eight setae on each lobe.

Fig.

73.

Toxorhynchites
Basal
talia.
15, fig. 5).

(Lynchiella)
lobe of basistyle

Male
bambusicola
(Lutz
& Neiva,
1913).
(Based
on Lane,
1944,
Rev.
to show settle.

geniEnt.

Pupa - Homogeneou ;ly sclerotized. Tube more than four times the apical
width, slightly expanded towards apex. Group of cephalothoracic setae with a
long one, the others minute.
Abdomen (fig. 74) with seg nents II-VI with hair B progressively longer than
segment and, in VI, nearly three times the length of segment ; II and III with
hair C simple and longer than the length seg nent ; C. 1 in a tuft and about one
third the length of segment ; hair A of V-VI two and a half times the length of
segment. Paddle more than three times the length of segment VIII,
broad and
with very fine apical spiculosity.
Abdominal setae variable in length and thickness.
Larva - Head with front0 clypeus more sclerotized. Pecten with the upper
seta longer than the lower. Siphon variable in size.
Type ZocaZity- Bras&
State of Rio de Janeiro, Petr6polis. Type in I. 0. C.
Distribution Surinan
: Brasil : Colombia.

133

TOXORHYNCHITINI

Fig.

74.

1821

Culex

Toxorhynchites
(Lynchiella)
minal
segments,
dorsal.

Toxorhynchites
violaceus

1827

Robineau-Desvoidy,
Wiedemann,

1906

Dyar

1913

Megarhinus

J.

Knab.

1917

Howard,

1925

Bonne

Dyar

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

1931

Lima,

Mem.

1935

PessBa

1944

Lane,

Dipt.

Mem.

rlus.

& Knab,

(Lynchiella)

Wiedemann,

1828

Sot.

Zweifl.
N.

Y.

Ins.

& Knab,

Ins.

& Galvgo,
Rev.

Ent.,

Ent.
Ins.

Exot.,
H.

Ins.,

violaceus
1

Nat.,

Pupa.
Abdofig. 11).

(Wiedemann,

1821)

7.

Paris,

403.

3.

Sot.,
h/lens.,

Mon.,

& Bonne-Wepster,
Am.,

hambusicola
(Lutz
& Neiva,
1913).
1944,
Rev.
Ent.,
15:
(B ased on Lane,

14
1

179.

33.

4 : 936.

Mos.

Sur.,

477.

404.
0:

Cruz,

Rev.
15

25

Biol.

307.

Hyg.,

6 :

79.

187.

Female Proboscis half the length of fore femur, attenuated gradually

towards apex and slightly curved ; with greenish metallic scales except at base
where, below, they are yellowish and above, purple reddish metallic.
Palpus
slightly shorter than proboscis ; segment I globose, II about two thirds the length
of III, IV with three fourths the length of III, V minute spherical and covered with
brilliant blue metallic scales except the segments III and IV which have an extensive
patch of yellow scales. Clypeus and torus blackish with dense whitish pruinositv.
Antenna with short, flagellum surpassing palpal segment III.
Occiput covered with
metallic green scales except below where there is an extensive patch on mentum ;
ocular setae six, blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe covered with metallic green scales except below
where there is a small patch of white ones. Mesonotum with blackish integument ;
covered with metallic greenish or yellowish scales in the center and blue ones
on the sides. Scutellum with blue scales and twenty five marginal setae in a row.
Pleura covered with white scales except
Metanotum with yellowish integument.
on upper margin of posterior pronotum where there are metallic blue scales intermixed, the paratergite and postspiracular regions blackish, the other sclerites light
brown or even yellowish ; sternopleural and mesepimeral setae whitish.
Abdomen : Tergite I with greenish blue scales in the center, yellowish ones
on the sides, with setae of t,his color on the sides, II with blue greenish scales in the
with basal spots of whitish
center, basally the rest with purple blue ore; ; II-VII
scales ; lateral tuft of VI with yellowish setae, of VII with dark brown ones ; VII
completely covered with bluish scales except for the lateral tufts of dark brown
set,ae. Sternites densely covered with yellowish scales except for a median longitudinal stripe from III to VIII.
JJaZe - Undescribed. Genitalia figured by Costa Lima (1931).
Pupa Unknown.
Larva Dyar (1928). Head subquadrate, about as long as wide ; front
margin deeply emarginate at middle. Antennae very slender and rather long.

131
air-tube rather slender, slightly tapered, over four times as long as wide ; a single
pair of tufts at basal sixth. Anal segment about as long as wide, ringed by the plate,
the latter with long spines on posterior margin : dorsal tuft of five long hairs on
each side ; ventral brush well developed. Anal gills very short.
Type locality Brasil.
Type lost ?
Distribzdion

Toxorhynchites
1904

Megarhinus

1908

PeryassG,

1944

Lane,

syn.

1913

Rev.

mzriae
OS Cd.
Eut.,

Megarhinus

Trinidad

(Lynchiella)

Bourroul,
Brad,
15
iris

Brasil.

Nos.

Brazil,

(Bow-rod,

mariae

1904).

3.

138.
189.

Iinah,

Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

35.

Female - Proboscis one fourth longer than fore femur, violaceous, lighter
below. Palpus three fourths the length of proboscis, violaceous, segments III-I\
with yellowish spot below, the one on IV the largest. Clypeus and torus blackish
with white pruinosity.
Antenna with flagellum reaching half the distal palpal
segment. Occiput with blue and violaceous scales, the blue ones predominating,
mentum whitish ; two ocular setae on each side.
Thoras : Pronotal lobe covered with light blue scales, a few white ones below.
hIesonotum with dark green metallic scales in the middle, laterally light blue ones,
prescutellar region as well as scutellum with blue violaceous scales. Scutellum with
twenty marginal setae. Pleura with white scales except for the posterior pronotum
which has coppery scales mixed with white ones on the upper margin ; integument
siightly darker on paratergite and postspiracular areas ; metanotum yellowish,
darker in the middle.
Legs dark, femora extensively whitish internally.
Abdomen dorsally covered with violaceous scales, ventrally with whitish ones,
the colors separated laterally in basal, rounded incisions. Ventrally whitish with
a broad median longitudinal stripe. Lateral tufts on segment VII with yellowish
setae intermixed with dark brown ones, on segment VIII with dark brown ones.
Male - Similar to the female. Palpus longer than length of proboscis, violaceous, segments II-IV
with large whitish spots on lower side, segment V half
as long as IV.
Genitalia : Dististyle with claw longer than in T. solstitialis, the basal lobe
of basistyle as in 7. violaceus.
Pupa - Very similar to 1. solstitialis.
Tube four and a half times as broad
as apical width. Group of cephalothoracic setae with a long one the others minute.
Abdomen with segment VI having hair B. slightly longer.
Larua -Front0
clypeus not marked. In one mount there are two double sctae
on one side, on the other a simple one.
Type locality Brasil,
State of Bahia, S. Salvador. Type lost ?
Distribution
Brasil,
States of S. Paulo and Bahia.
Bionomics - Larvae found in water held in the axils of Bromeliaceae and
in tree holes.

Nomina
Toxorhynchites
1923

Megarhinus

lzeizai

Petrocchi,

Rev.

nuda.

( ?) neivai
Ins.

Bad.

B. A.,

Petrocchi, 1923
3

10.

TOSORHYSCHITISI

Bibliography

135

for TOXORHYNCHITES

ANDUZE, P. J. 1942a Fauna culicidiana de Venezuela.

espkies nuevas. Bol. Ent. Venezolana, 1 (2) : 43-49.
BONNE- WEPSTER, J. and BONNE, C. Surinam.
Ins. Ins. Mens., 11 :

1923b -

*
Descripcicin de dos

new

A$fegarhinus from

BRETH&, J. - 1926c - Contribution para el conocimiento de 10s mosquitos argentinos. Description de un nuevo Meyarhinus : Megarhinlts tucumanus. Bol.
Ins. Clin. Cir., B. Aires, 2 : 318321, 2 fgs.
DYAR, H. G. & KNAB, F. 1906a The species of Mosquitoes in the genus
Megarhinus. Smiths. Misc. Colls., Quar. Iss., 48 (3) : 241-258.
FLOCH, H. & ABONNENC, E. 1945b - Les moustiques de la Guadeloupe (II).
Les genres Megarhinus, *4edes, Culex, Deinocerites, Mansonia et Wyeomyia.
Ins. Pasteur de la Guyane et du Ter. de lInini,
110 : 48 pp., il.
KN~\B, F. - 1907b - ,4 new species of Meyarhinus. Can. Ent., 39 : 50-51.
1911 -

The food habits of Megarhinus.

1913 -

A new bromelicolous Megarhincls.

Psyche, 18 (2)

: 80-82.

Ins. Ins. Mens., 1 : 35-36.

LANE, J. 1944 - A tribo Megarhinini no Brazil Meridional.

Rev. Ent., 15 :
172-190, 11 fgs.
LI;\IA, ,4. DA C&TA - 1931c - SBbre as espkcies de 17Iegarhinu.s do Brasil. Mem.
Ins. 0. Cruz, 25 (4) : 307-315, 2 pl.
LUTZ, A. & NEIVA, A. - 1913 - Contribui@es para a biologia das megarininas
corn descriqoes de duas espkies novas. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 5 (2) : 129-140.
1914 Contribui&o
para o estudo das Megarhininae.
II. Do Megarhinus haemorrhoidalis. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 6 (1) : 50-57, 2 pl., 3 fgs.
PESS~A, S. B. & GALVXO, A. L. A. - 1935 - Notas sobre algumas especies do mosquitos que se criam em bromelias. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 6 (2) : 79-90, 10 fgs.
PRADO, A. - 1935 - Contribui@es ao conhecimento dos culicideos de Sao Paulo.
VI.
Sotas sobre mosquitos originarios das taquaras : Sabethoides intermedius e Jfegarhinus bambusicola. Mem. Ins. Butantan, 9 : 195-199.
* Consult also Arribalzaga (1880, 1883), Anduzc (1941a & 1941b), Antunes
(1937), Antunes & Lane (1933 & 1938), Brethes (1910), Busck (1908),
Coquillett (1906), Dyar (1921a, 1923b & c, 1925b), Dyar & TovAt- (1926),
Fabricius (1794), Giles (1900 & 1902), Hunter (1900), Kertesz (1902), Kemp
(1936), Kumm & Novis (1938), Lane, (1933, 1936, a, b & 1939), Lane & Guimaraes (l937), Macquart
(1837), Martini (1935), Roeder (1885), Shannon
(1931), Shannon & Del Ponte (1927), Wicdemann (1828) and Williston (1896).
S. lnulo,

31st. Janunr>-,19.31.

Tribe ANOPHELINI.
Characters
Adult : Clypeus longer than broad, with lateral
grooves ; vertex generally covered wit,h long, proclinate scales ; occiput
with the erect scales predominating ; palpus five segmented, at
least three fourths the length of proboscis (except in the genus Bironella
in which it is shorter) ; first palpal segment minute* the other segments elongate ; labium slender and flexible ; mandibles and maxillae
quite developed and toothed ; thorax slightly arched and elongate ;
scutellum rounded (except in Chagasia where it is trilobed) ; marginal
setae placed at regular intervals.
Abdomen genera.lly without scales, when the tergites are covered
by them, then, the sternites are sparsely scaled. Male genitalia with
simple, elongate dististyle ; claw before apex ; basistyle short, without
apical lobes and generally without basal ones ; mesosome tubular ;
female genitalia with a single spermatheca.
Legs elongate. Wing with the 3rd. vein beyond the transversal
ones. Squamula with complete fringe.
Pupa - Tube short, and open. Abdominal segment with hair A
simple in III-VII,
in VIII forming a tuft. Apex of paddle with a single
hair.
Lama - Head longer than broad, very movable and capable of a
180 rotation, antenna normal, with a single seta near base and ending
in two long spines (sabers) and two small ones and a hair ; mouth
brushes with numerous hairs ; mentum long and narrow, the teeth
irregularly placed ; thorax longer than broad. Abdomen with multiple, differentiated hairs (float hairs), formed by broad leaves, on most
segments ; intersegmental sclerotized plates present ; segment VIII
with a characteristic pecten ; siphon reduced ; ventral brush present.
Egg - Free and generally bearing l&era1 floats.
Systematic position - This tribe is considered as the most primitive one in this subfamily. It shows a direct link with the Culicini
(through the genus Chagasia) with has a trilobed scutellum, posterior
pronotal setae and the charact,eristic resting position of the adult. The
larva has characters which link it, on the other hand, with
Eucorefhrini.
In Anophelini the scale covering of the adult does not attain the
same development as found in CuZex while the palpus is long and has
five segments. In the larva the siphon has not become elongate.
* The palp is frequently described has having only four segments. In such
cases, the first segment, which is very small and globose is not taken into
consideration.

138

L I N I

This tribe is formed by three genera, of which two, are present in

our region. While the genus ,4nopheZesis of world wide distribution,
the genus Chagasia is strictly Keotropical and Bironella endemic to
the Australasian region.
Some species, where it not for their importance from a medico
entomological point of view, merit only subspecific status.
A key for the genera in our region is given below : Adults.

Scutellum trilobed ; posterior pronotal setae present ; adult resting

like mosquitoes of the genus Mansonia. Male with clavate
palpus ; genitalia with a basal lobe on basistyle. Dark brown
mosquitoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chagasia
Scutellum rounded ; posterior pronotal setae absent ; adults resting
at a characteristic and very open angle in relation to surface.
Male with flattened palpus, genitalia without a basal lobe in
the basistyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anopheles
Pupa

and

larva.

Pupa with abdominal hair B distinct and as a strong spine ; paddle

ending in a strong spine. Larva with anterior flap of spiracular
apparatus modified in a long process, ending in an equally
long seta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chagasia
,&bdomen with hair B slender and thin ; paddle ending in a slender
spine. Larva with the anterior flap of spiracular apparatus
normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anopheles
Egg.

**

With several floats on each side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . Chngasiu

With a single or no float on each side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anophetes

Genus CHAGASIA
1906

Chugasia

Craz,

Rrsz.

Med.,

20

199.

Type

I.

Cruz, 1906.
fajardoi

Lutz,

1904.

Characters
- Adult : Palpus longer than proboscis, in the male
with the t,erminal segments clavate ; antenna plumose in the male
and filiform in the female ; cervical segments disposed in such a manner
that the head is quite detached and inclined downwards ; posterior
pronotal setae present ; scutellum trilobed ; abdomen without scales.
* We have adopted Galv%os (1943) nomeclature for the male genitalia except
for the terms used by us (see pg. 9). We have also adopted the nomenclature
proposed by Ev&ns (1938) for the pupa. The larval chaetotaxy which w-e
use, is that of Russell, Rozeboom and Stone (1943).
** ,4 general key for the eggs of Anophelines is given in the ~V~ssorhynchws
section of this -monograph.

139

ANOPHELINI

Body covered with dark brown and white scales. With the following
pleural chaetotaxy : - two posterior pronotals, about six spiraculars,
a row of sternopleurals and prealars as well as tuft of mesepimerals.
Costa1 veins sinuous and giving the distal portion the appearance of
being broader ; peppered or not with white scales but never showing
distinct spots.
Pupa - i4bdomen with hairs A of segments V-VII and B from
III-VIII
thick and developed as well as the terminal hair on paddle.
Larva - Anterior angle of clypeus with hair 1 curved and thick ;
hairs 2, 3 and 4 with simple stem, the apex multiple and fan-shaped ;
antenna spiculose, internally with a basal hair, apex with simple dorsal
saber, the ventral one internally fringed ; pleural setae simple.
Abdomen spiculose on the sides and ventrally, dorsally bare ;
hair 1 characteristic (fig. 75) and with about twenty branches. Such
hairs are only found on segments III-V.
Anterior process of spiracular
apparatus modified into a long filament which ends in an equally
long seta.

Fig.

i6.

Fig.

73.

Chagasia
bathanus
(Based
on Kemp,

Fig.

76.

Chagasia
J. Hyg.,

Fig.
(Dyar,
1928).
I,alT;r.
Palmate
1942,
Au.
of the Caribbean
Region,

fajardoi
(Lutz,
pl. 6 fig. 10).

1904).

Nale

genitalia.

i5.

nhdomiual
fig.
52).

(Phased

on

Root,

1927,

hm.

Egg - With several floats on each side and having a modified

structure in one or both sides.
Rionomics - The resting position of the adult is similar to that,
The females take their blood meals during
of species of Mansonia.

140

ANOPHELINI

daytime but will feed also at night. The larvae are found in side pools
or regularly flowing streams.
Key

for

adults.

1. Wing peppered with white scales in all veins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,2.

Wing dark, or with a few white scales on Costa.1vein and others
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
roceboomi
f aJ*ardoi
with a single dark ring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . bonneae
2. Hind tarsi II-III
Hind tarsi II-III
with two dark rings, the basal one very small
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bathanus
Key

for

larvae.

1. Prothoracic hairs 5, 6 and 7 large ; inner pair inserted much

beyond median pair and with twelve to fourteen branches . .2.
Not so . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...3.
2. Abdomen with hair 1 (palmate tuft) of segments I-II with broad
leaflets, most of them with notched margins . . . . . , . . fajardoi
Such hairs on segments I-II with narrow leaflets, all or almost all
of them with smooth margins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bathanus
3. Head hairs 5, 6 and 7 large ; 5 inserted slightly anterior or at the
same level as median pair, with many branches, almost reaching
or surpassing anterior margin of clypeus . . . . . . . . . . . . . bonneae
Head hairs 5, 6 and 7 very small ; 5 inserted much beyond 6
(median pair) and with 5 to 8 branches, not reaching base of
hair 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . roxcboomi
Chagasia
1904

P~retophorus

Lutz

1907

Chugasia

Theobald,

1908

PeryassG,

OS Cul.

1926

Boyd,

1927

Shannon

Am.

Mon.

J. Hyg.,

& Del

1928

Dyar,

1931

Shannon,

Mos.

Am.,

1938

Galvso

& Barretto,

1942

Co&a

& Ramos,

1913

Rlissel

& Al.,

Proc.

Galvis,

1944

Unti

Rev.

1945

Causeg,

Deane
Mos.

Ser.,

Rev.

Sot.

123.

46

Ins.

Bact.

Wash.,

Rev.
Ar.

Fat.

& Romos,

16.

1927 Root,
B. A.,

Am.

J. Hyg.,

470.

61.

431.
Ent.

Keys

1943

Brazil,

122.

Mon.

Ponte,

Mos.

Cul.,

Brazil,

(Lutz, 1904).

fajardoi

(in Bourroul),

Hig.

An.
Hig.

1948

Giglioli,
Lane

(in Boyd),

Contr.

syn.

1906

Chagasiu

neivai

? 1931

Chogasia

bonneae

& Sau.

Pub.,

Serv.

Malariolopy,
Cruz,
and

Br.

114.
7

38, 323.

: 8**.

12

Nat.

:
42.

Bogota,
J.

152.

Pub.,

& Saud.

& Deane,

1949

33

Hyg.,

of the World,

Med.,

Ar.

Biol.

Mnl.

Guiana,

8 : 29 : 1944 Correa
Sot.,

199.

344,

& Ramos,

id., 9

135.

345.

37.

1 : 399.
Brazil.
Chagasia

Med.,

20

bathanus

Shannon,

Proc.

Ent.

Sot.

Wash.,

33

152

* This key is compiled from the t,a

ale given by Causey, Deane & Deane (1945).
* * Possibly Chaqasia roxeboomi.

A N 0

var.

1921

Chagasia

fajardoi

1932

Chagasia

fajardoi

maculata

P H

PeryassG,

stigmopteryx

E I, I N

A Fl. Med.,

Martini,

Rev.

141

Ent.,

18, 141
2:

1923 Peryassd,

id., 4

: 6s.

276

Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, covered with dark brown scales,
the lower inferior ones erect ; labellum slightly lighter. Palpus longer than proboscis, covered with erect, dark brown scales except at apex of segments III-V
where there are spots of white ones. Clypeus brown with basolateral expansions.
Antenna with visible scape, as broad as torus ; torus reduced, brown, with verticils
of scales ; flagellum short, segment I with broad blackish scales, a few white
ones intermixed, the verticils median ; segments II-VII
with apical tufts of broad
black scales, the verticils basal, VIII-XII
with basal verticils and without tufts
of scales. Occiput with brown integument, the suture median and longitudinal,
distinct and ending in a protuberance ; proclinate setae golden with short scales
of this color ; oculars dark brown, the rest covered with slender long scales and
short white ones intermixed with erect, very fine, forked black scales.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown, covered with white scales and golden setae.
Mesonotum brown, the acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae brown ; covered
with short or long and slender scales, those of the anterior margin golden while
the others are white and over the anterior half ; over the wings and in a transversal row there are brown scales, those of the sides being long and stemmed ;
prescutellar region covered with white scales. Scutellum trilobed, the marginal
setae in tufts ; covered with sparse white scales. Pleura brown.
Legs : Coxae brown with whitish setae and scales. Femora dark brown with
spots of white scales, the apex with white scales forming rings. Tibiae peppered
with white spots that, in the fore pair are smaller; dark scales of hind pair
somewhat, erect. Fore and mid tarsi with many white rings. Hind basitarsus with
five white ringa ; segments II-IV
with nearly the basal three fourths white, V
completely white, partially dark or totally dark.

b.

a.
Fig.

77.

Chagasia

fajardoi

(Based

on Root,

(Lutz,
1904).
Pupa.
Tube and
1927, Am. J. Hyg.,
7: pl. 5 fig.

terminal
abdominal
segments.
8 and pl. 7, figs. 19 and 21).

Wing densely covered with dark brown scales except for a few white ones on
cost,al region ; a few white scales can be found on other veins. Haltere with
yellowish stem and dark brown knob.
Abdomen brown, with long hairs ; sternites with golden hairs ; ccrci develoaed and elongate.
i%fale - Similar to female. -4ntenna nlumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 76). Dististyle longer*t,han basistyle. Claw small and nearly
apical. Basistyle twice the basal width, setose ; basal lobe densely spiculose ; in
the middle of basistyle there are two short, strong setae. Mesosome columnar,
short, the apex slightly curved. Anal lobe conical.
Pupa - Tube (fig. 77a) nearly square-shaped with a rounded projection on

Fig.
Fig.

78.

Chagasia
fajardoi
(Lutz,
1004).
Larva.
setae and abdominal
hairs
n. 1. (Based
J. Nat. MaI.
Sot.,
4, pl. 2).

Fig.

79.

Chagasia
pl. 1).

fajardoi

(Lutz,

1904).

Egg.

79.

Clypeal
hairs,
prothoracic
ZDOUp
Of
on Causeg,
Deane
& Deane,
1944,

(Based

on Caueey,

Deane

& Deane,

ibd.,

Thorax with hairs 1, 2 and 3 as in fig. 78b Pleural hairs long.

Abdomen : Segments I and II with hairs 6 and 7 long and pennate ; 1 (palmate tuft) of I and II formed by a subdivided element, in III-VI
as in fig. 78~.
in VII-VIII
a pennate hair ; hair 6 of III simple, in IV-V multiple, in VI-VII
simple. Terminal segments as in fig. 78d.
Egg - (fig. 79). With several floats on each side and only a modified structure
at one end.
Type localit~~- Brasil, State of S. Paulo, Cantareira. Types in I. 0. C.
Distribution - Brasil, States of S. Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiaz, Bahia, Rio
de Janeiro, Mato Grosso, Middle Coast States and Rio Grande do Sul ; Colombia,
Restrepo ; Argentina,
Iguassti ; British
Guiana.
Bionomics - Females take blood meals on man and animals during the day
and at night. With horse bait we capt,ured females from 9 a.m. until night. hquaticstages are passed on sides pools of small streams and rivers.

113

ASOIHELIXI

Chagasia
1!)44

Chayasiu

1945

Causey.

1947

Deane

1949

Rachou,

Deane
et al.,
MaI

Causey, Deane & Deane, 1941.

J. Hyg.,
39 : 3.
J. Nat.
Malaria
Sot., 4 : 341.
Esp. Sau. Pub.. 1 : 298, 299, 326, 340, 360.
Trap.,
1 (1) : 13.

rozeboomi

Causey,

Deane
& Deane,

Rev.

Serv.

B Doencas

& Deane,

Am.

Female Similar to C. jajardoi.

Male - Genitalia : Basistyle short and broad ; internal lobe small, bearing
two distinct, &out spines and numerous long hairs. Clasp&e lobes rudimentary,
uniformly clothed with numerous short, fine hairs, interspersed with few distinctly
longer hairs. Mesosome slim, tube-like.
Pupa Original description.
Breathing
trumpets with wide opening,
margin with depression at about middle of posterior portion ; two posterior angles almost similar.
Hair A and C of abdominal segments V-VII represented by strong conspicuous
spines ; hair A on segments II-IV
represented by thin, small spines in contrast
to much longer and stronger hair C. On segment VIII hair C absent. In all segments except V-VI hair C much longer than hair ,4 ; on segment V hair A decidedly
longer, and on segment VI both of about same size, but, hair A frequently slightly
longer. Posterior margin of abdominal segments dentate.
Paddle ovate, with
small but strong teeth on outer margin, smaller close to apex and on apical third
of inner margin ; basal two thirds of inner margin smooth ; terminal paddle hair
represented by short, strong and straight spine ; accessory paddle hair very small
and inconspicuous, single or bifid.

a.
Fig.

c!.

h.

Fig.

PO

Fig.

PO. -

1944.
Deane
8~ Deane,
Chaprasia
rozehoomi
Causr~,
prothoracic
group
of setae
and
abdominal
hairs
n.
Deane
& Deane,
1944,
J. Nat.
Mal.
Sot.,
4, pl. 2).

Fig.

81.

Chagasia
Deane
&

rozeboomi
Causep
I)eane
Deane,
ibd., pl. 1).

&

Deane,

1944.

81.

Lnrrn.
Clypeal
hairs.
1.
(Based
on Cnusey,
Egg.

P,axed

on

Cause:-,

Larva - (fig. 80 a) Preclypeal hairs small, widely separated. Inner anterior

clypeal hairs widely separated, long, with strong stem and many long conspicuous,
simple;lateral
branches arising from apical three quarters. Other anterior clypcal
hair similar and situated posterior to inner hairs. Posterior clypeal hairs similar
and inserted much behind. Front,al head hairs small, with about 5 to 8 branches ;
two pairs inserted on clypeus, the inner pair much anterior to median pairs ; tips
not reaching base of po&erior clypeal hairs ; outer pair inserted close to subsntennal hair.
Outer pair of submedian prothoracic group unbranchcd, (fig. 80 b.) inserted
on base of median hair. Median hair of unusual type ; stem bifid near base, the

two short stout branches developed into leaflets with notched leaflets arising
mostly from one side of stem and usually with short serrated tips. Ventral and
lateral surface of t,horax densely clothed with small hairs.
Lateral hairs of abdomen long and feathered on segments I-II ; segments
II-VI with small branched hairs. Palmate hairs on two first abdominal segments
composed of flattened leaflets with irregular margins and narrow tips ; on segment
III-V
racket-shaped with expanded portions much shorter than stem, (fig. 80 c.)
irregular serration on apical margins and short filament ussually shorter than
expanded portion. Anterior tergal plates well chitinized, small, more or less rounded
or polygonal, with longitudinal axis almost same length as transverse axis. Tergal
plate of segment VIII
broader and shorter than preceding one. Each abdominal
segment with dorso-lateral area covered with small hairs ; lateral and ventral
surface of abdomen also covered wit,h small hairs. Spiracular apparatus wit,h
peculiar appearance of genus. Anterior flap prolonged into whip-like process, stem
of whip represented by long appendage about l/3 of total length, at tip of which
is articulated long hair representing lash of whip. Posterior flap when viewed by
high power lens shows lateral margin fringed with flattened hairs. Pecten with
about ten teeth, two terminal long and eight median, short.
Egg - (fig. 81). Causey, Deane & Deane (1944). Strongly convex ventrally
and concave dorsally. About six or eight parallel floats tightly approximated over
surface of egg except for broad longitudinal dark band with faint reticulated pattern
enclosed by frill at dorsal surface, narrow longitudinal bands of distinct reticulated
exochorion at sides of frill and broader at ventral surface. Each extremity of egg
surmounted dorsally by thick, whitish, spongy cap-like structure. In some specimens one or more floats interrupted instead of extending from tip to tip of egg.
Type locality Brasil, St,ate of Ceara, Loanda. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Bras&
State of Ceara.

927.
1923
1924

v. Gen.,

48.

1925
1927
192s
1943
1943
1945
1947
1947

Female - Proboscis dark, the scales on basal half erect and with a few white
ones apically. Palpus dark with small rings of white scales on apex of segments,
those of segment I erect. Clypeus dark brown. Antenna as in C. fajurdoi. Vertex
with a tuft of yellowish proclinate setae and short scales. Occiput with brown integument, the suture and prot,uberance as in C. fujurdoi ; covered with erect, slender,
forked scales and black ones mixed with appressed, rounded white ones.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown with yellowish setae and scales. Mesonotum scutellum and postnotum as in C. fujardoi.
Legs : Coxae brown with whit.e setae and scales. Femora dark brown,
peppered with small white spots, the apex with scales of this color nearly forming
rings. Tibiae peppered with white spots which, on the hind pair, are smaller, the
dark scales on hind pair somewhat raised. Fore and mid tarsi with numerous white
rings ; hind pair with four (sometimes five) white rings, other segments w:t 1 a
single ring except the last one which is variable.
Wing dark with all veins peppered with white scales.
Abdomen as C. fujardoi.

145

ANOPHELINI

illale - Palpus longer than proboscis, last two segments swollen, sparsely
setose, three last segments with apical white scales. Antenna moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 82). B asistyle one and a half times as long as wide ; a median
lobe with six stout spines and small hairs. Dististyle one fifth longer than basistyle.
Mesosome tubelike.

Fig. 82. -

Chagasia

bonnea$

Root, 1927.

Male genitalia.

Original.

Pupa - Integument unicolorous. Tube quadrate, (fig. 83 a) an apical filament present. Abdomen (fig. 83 b) with hair A in the form of a short curved spine
in V and VI, in VII-VIII
it is short, straight and pointed. Hair B in III-VII
a
thick, short spine, similar to A. Paddle twice the length of segment VIII, the spicule
distinct, the lateral margin serrate.

b.
Fig. 83. -

Root, 1927. Pupa. Tube and terminal

(Based on Root, 1927, Am. J. Hyg., 7,
pl. 5, fig. 9; pl,

Chagasia

bonneae

146

ANOPHELINI

Larva - (fig. 84 a, b and c.) The only differences between this species and
C. bathanus is that the frontal head hairs are in a straight line.
Egg Unknown.
Type Zocalify Surinan.
Type in U. S. N. RI.
Distribution Surinan
; Colombia ; Peru, Tingo Maria.

b.

a.
Fig.

84.

1928

Anopheles

Chagasia
1928

Cury,

1936

Senevet,

1939

Kumm
19

1940

C.

Chagasia
bonneac
Root,
1027.
Larva.
Clypral
hairs,
prothoracic
setae and abdominal
hair
n. 1. (Based
on Causey,
Deane
& Deane,
Xat.
Illal.
Sot.,
4, pl. 2).

(Chugasia)

Dyar,

J. Trop.

Med.,

Am.
Ar.

Gahaldon

1941

Rozeboom,

1941

Komp,

Am.

,1m.

Bs. Adv.

et al.,

1943

et al., Am.

Kumm

Deane

Xlal.,

J. Trop.

As. Adv.

1943 Russell
194.5 Causey

Div.

Sci.,

An.

J. Trop.

& Deane,

map

J. Trop.
5

Med.,

1939 Humm
20

8: Ruiz,

Am.

J. Trop.

Med.,

412.

68.

21

(560.

98.

98

29.

Sot.,

Med.,

Sci.,

Ke5.s to the

1928).

433.

12 :

y Prot.

et al., 3m.

et al., Pub.

of
J.

243.

Sal. Pub.

Am.

Am.,

Algerie,

1940 Kumm

& Ram,

8:

Pasteur

et al., Men].

438

1941 Kumm

Ins.

(Dyar,

bathanus

Mos.

group
1944,

1942 Kemp,
of the

Med.,

J. Nat.

1946

Cova-Garcia.

XII

Cong.

San.

1949

Castellanos

et al.,

Am.

J. Trop.

23
Rlal.

Panam.,
Med.,

Nat.

World,

Ins. Hlth.

Bul.,

179

46, 82, 133.

30.

374.

Sot.,
1

29

61,

344,

107,

345.

143.

34.

Female - Differs from C. fajcmbi by the following characters : - Hind tarsus

I with five white rings ; II and III with a small white ring then a large one, the
apex black, IV much as in II and III but the white nearly over half the segment ;
V white except for two dark spots.
Male - Antenna moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 85). Basistyle one and a half times as long as wide, a median
lobe with eight stout spines and small hairs. Dististyle one fifth longer than basistyle. Meeosome tube-like.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 86 a and b). Head hairs 1 and 2 large, 2 much beyond 1 and
with 12/14 branches. Hair 1 of prothorax with long leaflets, the tip filamentous,
sparsely serrate but mostly smooth. hbdominal hair 1 on segments III-V
with a
very long apical filament.
Egg Unknown.
Type locality - Panama,
Canal Zone, Gatun. Type in U. S. N. M.
Disfdmtion

Guatemala

Panama:

and Venezuela.

Costa

Rica:

Mexico:

British

Honduras:

147

ASOPI-IELINI

Fig.

Fig.

P5.

86.

Chagasia
tales
figs. 98

bathkus

and

Chagasia
of setae,

bathanus
(Dyar,
(Based
on Komp,

; b. mesosomc.

(Dyar,
1928).
(Based
on

Male
Kemp,

b.
genitalia.
1942,
-\n.

a. basistyles
and
distisof the Caribbean
Region,

99),

1028).
1942,

a.

b.

Lnr~a.
Clypeal
hairs
and
_kn. of the Caribbean
Region,

prothoracic
group
figs. 50 and 51).

148

L I N I

Genus ANOPHIXLES
1818

Annplreles

Meigen,

Syst.

Beschr.,

1 :

13 (syno,\-my

Meigen, 1818.
under

subgenera).

Characters
Adult : Palpus the length of proboscis in both
sexes, in the male the last) two segments are thickened and flattened,
in the female, slender. Antenna filiform in the female and plumose
in the male. Thorax elongate, narrowed anteriorly, the acrostichal and
dorsocentral setae always present ; pronotal lobes developed ; posterior pronotum nude ; scutellum rounded and with a marginal row of
setae. Male genitalia without a basal lobe on basist,yle which has one
to five differentiated s&e.
Legs long. Wing generally marked with
white, the scales forming spots, the veins densely scaled.
Pupa - Tube short, the upper margin notched. Abdomen usually
covered with simple hairs or hairs subdivided int!o a few branches
except for the dendritic tufts ; hair A simple except on segment VII ;
paddle with a single apical hair.
Larva - Head with simple or pennate clypeal hairs, nearly never
with dense apical tuft,s ; hair 6 developed on the first three abdominal
segments ; hair 1 (float hair or palmate tuft) present on segments
III-VII
(except in Stethornyia) ; spiracular apparatus atrophied, the
anterior process without the long filament found in Chagusiu.
Egg - Free. Hind margin generally more pointed than the fore
one. Usually with lateral floats.
Bionomics Females take blood meals at night, sunset and
daybreak. In a few instances they bite during the day. Males form
swarms. The aquatic stages are passed in a large variety of natural
breeding places from hoofprints to large swamps. The subgenus
Kerksxiu has different habits, for the females take their blood meals
at any time during day or night and the aquatic stages are passed in
natural containers such as bromeliads and internodes of bamboo.
Importance us vectorsof malaria - Three subgenera belonging to
this genus have species which are vectors of malaria in our region.
They are Anopheles, Nyssorhynchus and Kertesxiu. In the subgenus
Anopheles the most important vector is A. pseudopunctipennis, a
mosquito of large dispersion. In the subgenus Nyssorhynchus the
most important malaria vectors are A. uZbimunus in Central America
and A. darlingi in South America. The vector species in the subgenus
Kertesxiu are A. cruxii and A. bellutor.
Key

for

subgenera.

Adult.
1.

Mesonotum with a silvery integumental stripe crossing it longitudinally ; wing with dark scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stethomyia
Without such a mesonotal stripe ; wing with scales of two or
more colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.

149

E L I p\T I

2. Hind femur without tufts of scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.

Hind femur with erect scales forming tufts . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lophopodo&.jia &&tj
3. Wing with white spots except on 2nd., 4th. and 6th. veins which
are covered with dark scales ; mesonotum with four integumental silvery stripes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iiertesxia
Wing and mesonotum differently marked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.
4. Hind tarsi with 2nd. to 5th. segments covered mostly with white
scales
.5.
Hind tarsi diffkrently m&l&d : : : : : : : : : : : 1: : : : : : 1: : : : : : : : .6.
5. Sixbh vein blackish with white spots ; abdomen without scales
on first seven segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . My;orhyncheZZa
Sixth vein white with blackish spots at ends ; abdominal segments with poster0 lateral tufts of scales which may be missing
on some of the Ggments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nyssorhynchus
6. Wing without a kink (except in A. minor) ; covered with broad
scales which are baloon shaped ; legs peppered with white ;
mesonotum with three dark spots, two of them lateral (except
A. maculipes and A. gabaldoni) and one in the prescutellar region ; abdomen with poster0 lateral
tufts of
scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . Arribalxagia
Without such a sum of characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anopheks
Lophopodomyia (in part)

1902

Theobald,

Subgenus STETHOAMYIA
Theobald, 1902.
Med.,
5 : 181 Type S. nimba Theohald.

J. Trop.

Characters
Adult : Prealar setae absent. Mesonotum with
a longitudinal silvery stripe from anterior portion to scutellum. Wing
unicolorous. Male genitalia with a single parabasal spine on basistyle.
Pupa - Shows no subgeneric characters.
Larca - Lateral flaps of spiracular apparatus with an elongate,
spinelike process. Abdomen with hair 1 vestigial or absent.
Egg - A distinct collar present in one of the extremities. Floats
united anteriorly. Exochorion with a pattern.
Rio?zomics- Silvan. Females take blood meals on man and animals. They breed chiefly in shaded pools and swa.mps.
Key

for

the

adults

of

the

suhgenus

STETMOMYPA.

1. The proclinate scales at, vertex project themselves beyond the

base of antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.
Such scales do not project themselves beyond the base of antenna ;
basistyle of male with a parabasal seta insc ted below the internal one ; ventral lobe with two setae . . . . . . . . . . . . kompi
canorii

150

ANOPHELINI

Genitalia of male with a seta on the ventral lobe of claspette . .3.

Male genitalia without such a seta but with a spatulate structure
in its place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . acanthotorynus
Ventral
lobe
Such a
lobe

lobe of claspette with a second spatulate seta ; dorsal

expanded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . thomasi
lobe with a seta in the form of a beak, the dorsal
reduced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ninzbus

Key

for

the

larvae

of the

subgenus

STETHOIMYIA.

Prothoracic hair 1 with three apical branches which are short

and simple . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thomasi
Such a hair with six or more branches (about, six in kompi and
fourteen in ni7nbus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.
Antenna with a small hair of two or three branches before the
middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kom.pi
Antenna with a small hair with four branches a little beyond the
middle. Abdominal hair 1 slightly more distinct than in lcompi ;
segment I with eight, II with twelve and III with eighteen
branches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._.......................
nimbus
Anopheles
1903

Stethom~ia

(Stethompia)

Theobald,

Mon.

1904

Bourroul,

Mos.

1908

Peryassh,

OS Cul.

Brazil,

1910

Newstead

8: Thomas,

1916

Neiva

& Penna,

1918

Anopheks

1925

Dyar,

Ins.

Dyar,

Mos.

Am.,

Lima,

Mem.

Ins.

1931

Shannon,

Proc.

Trop.

Ins.

0.

Dyer,

Mens.,

1928

Ins.

13

Med.

8 :

Ins.

Ent.

Cruz,

25

Sot.

Am.,

Bogota,

12

of the

World,

Galvis,

Rev.

Russell

et al.,

Keys

1943

Downs

et al.,

J.

et al.,

Deane

Fat.

1947 Floch

An.

Nat.

Am.
XII

et al.,

Mal.

Serv.

& Abonnenc,

Ins.

1947

Coutinho,

1948

Giglioli,

Thesis,

syn.

1903

Rhunchomgia

1910

Theobald,

1911

&not&

Surcouf

1923

Goeldia

(Goeldia)

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

Br.

Am.,

L)yar.

133.
1 : 296,

144

300,

325,

3.

37.

Med.,

?3

202.

555.

Ins.

Ess.
Ins.

Mos.

Dipt.

Vul.

Mens.,

11

Sur.,

99

* Modified

53,

56.

Imp.

& Rincones,

& Bonne-Wepster,
Moe

Pub.,

Guiana.

Lutz,

Cul.,

47.
29.

Guyane,

S. Paulo,

line&a

10.

2.

Sau.

Pasteur

Serv.,

Mon.

Pan.,

Esp.

2 :

39

San.

Univ.

Conk.

56.

Sot.,

J. Hyg.,
Conf.

Rev.

Mos.

146.

134.

Med.,

1943
1943

1947

,6:

Mens

67.
35

12

Causey

142.

446.
C.

Hig.,

Cova-Garcia,

94.

190.

et al., Ar.

1944

& Par.,

Cruz,

1942 Galvgo

1946

(Theobald,

nimbus
62.

88.

An.

(dtethoml/ia)

1930

36.

Brazil,

Mem.

Ins.

Cul.,

from Shannon (1933).

156.

Ven.,

: 88.

230.

341,

362.

1903).

151

ASOPHELINI

Fenzale - Proboscis three fourths the length of fore femur, brown, labellum
sparsely covered with whitish pilosity.
Clypeus blackish brown, lighter on the
sides. Palpus brown, lighter inferiorly. Antenna with dark brown torus ; flagellum
shorter than length of proboscis, the verticils with long hairs. Occiput dark brown,
covered with erect, forked scales and setae of this color except for a tuft of slender
white scales on vertex, the longest surpassing in length the first flagellar segment.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe light brown, sparsely setose. Mesonotum with dark
brown integument except, for a silvery stripe from cervical scleritcs to scutellum
and others later0 anteriorly ; without scales ; acrostichal and dorsocentral as well
as supralar setae discreet and brown. Scutellum brown, the marginal setae long.
Pleura brown, t,wo upper mesepimeral and a few lower ones.
Legs brown, the articulations lighter. Tarsi brown but with very small and
indist,inct rings.
Wing covered with brown scales. Squamula with fringe. Haltcre with whitish
stem and blackish knob.
Abdomen : Tergites brown, sparsely covered with golden hairs. Sternites
lighter.
Male - Palpus swollen distally. Antenna plumose, with four fifths the length
of proboscis. Similar to the female.
Genitalia : (fig. 87) Basistyle elongate, covered with minute spiculcs : parabasal seta large, broad and two thirds the length of basistyle ; internal seta slender,
curved and inserted above the parabasal one. Dististyle longer than basistyle,
slender, curved, sparsely covered with spicules. Claw nearly apical, the apex
rounded. Ventral lobe of claspette with a beak shaped setsa. Xlesosome bare.
Pupa - Integument unicolorous. Tube broad. Cephalot horacic hairs small.

87.
Fig.

87.

Fig.

88.

88.

Anopheles
(Stethomyia)
nimbus
(Theobalb,
1903).
Male
on Shannon,
1931,
Proc.
Ent.
Sot. Wash.
33:
163).
(Steth omyia)
nimbus
(Theobald,
1903).
Egg.
Anopheles
Deane
R- Deane,
1947,
Serv. Esp.
San. Pub.,
1: pl. 1).

(Based

genitalia.
(Based

on

Causey,

152

AN@PHELINI

Abdomen : Hair A from III-VIII

spiniform, progressively longer and stouter
to apex. B a feathered hair, the lateral plumes long, from IV-VII.
C as in B and
also from segments IV-VII.
Other hairs small. Paddle twice the length of segment
VIII
serrate on lateral margin, pilose at apex, the spicule simple.
Larva - Head hair 1 quite removed and longer than 3 ; hair 4 pennate ; 5,
6 and 7 nearly in a straight line ; 8 and 9 pennate. Antenna spiculose, a median
hair divided into four branches.
Thorax with long pennate setae. Prothoracic hair 1 with six or seven elements
but small and short.
Abdomen with hair 1 very discreet and with eight branches on segment I,
twelve on II and eighteen on III ; elements 6 and 7 long and finely spiculose and
pennate on segments I and II, in III and IV only hair 6 is developed and long.
Egg - (fig. 88). Causey, Deane & Deane (1944) : - Similar to A. kompi
but with collar placed dorso apically and formed by broader frill.
Type locality British
Guiana.
Type in B. M.
Distribution British
Guiana
: Brasil : Colombia : Panama.

Anopheles

(Stethomyia)

1930

Anopheles

(Stethomyiu)

1932

Anopheles

(Stethomyiu)

1933

Shannon,

Proc.

Ent.

1941

Komp,

Am.

As. Adv.

Komp,

Nat.

Ins.

1943

Russell

et al.,

Keys,

Causey

et al.,

Am.

1944

Correa

& Ramos,

1946

Cova-Garcia,

XII

1947

Deane

Rev.

1947

Coutinho,
Bloch

Pig.

89.

Thesis,

& Abonnenc,

Anopheles
Shannon,

kompi

Edwards,

Wash.,

Sci.,

Hlth.

1944

1947

Shannon

Sot.

1942

et al.,

nimba

An.
J.

Ar.

90

Bul.

48,

39 (1)
e Ssu.

86,

San.

Panam.,

Serv.

Esp.

Sau.

S. Paulo,
Pasteur

(St&horny&)
7931,
Proc.

Edwards, 1930.
Am., 23 : 473.

34.
id.,

98.

134.

33.
2.

Pub.,

Gong.

Ins.

Ins.,

Ent.

134.

of the World,

Hig.,

An.

1941 Rozeboom,

169

Hyg.,

Univ.

Gen.

35

kompi
& Davis,

Pub.,

54,
9

135.
102,

132.

135.

55.
Guyane,

144

3.

kompi
Edwards,
Ent.
Sot. Wash.,

1930.
33:
163).

Male

genitalia.

(Based

on

Femule - Vertex with short scales. Other characters as in A. nimhis. The

character of short,er mesonotal lateral stripes is not valid.
Male - Genitalia : (fig. 89). Basistyle with the parabasal seta on basal third,
expanded at apex, internal spine beyond the middle, slender. Dististyle longer

153

ANOPHELINI

t,han basistyle. Claw short and subterminal.

Mesosome tubular, rounded at apex.
Lobes of claspette (Komp, 1942) : - Dorsal lobe a low, rounded pedicel, from
which arise one or more long, flattened bladelike plates, either completely fused
into a single blade (Panama material), or separated into two (Brazilian form),
with narrow base, and widened, ventrally curved apical margin. Ventral lobes
with two sclerotized spines, the more dorsal arising from a short, conical pedicel,
upright, thick ; the more ventral spine arising from a long, fingerlike pedicel,
longer, slender, curved, tapering, with distinct, median tooth. Median ventral
area between claspette lobes trough shaped, with fine setae internally.
Pupa Characters as in fig. 90.

Fig.

90.

AnopheIes
(Stethomyia)
kompi
dorsal.
(Based
on Shannon
&

Edwards,
1930.
Davis,
1930,
An.

Pupa.
Ent.

Abdominal
Sot.
Am.,

91.
Fig.

91.

Fig.

92.

segments.
pl. 2).

92.

Anopheles
(Stethomyia)
kompi
Edwards,
rothoracic
hairs.
(Based
on Komp,
1942,
figs. 54 and 55).

Anopheles
& Deane,

22

(Stethomyia)
1947,
Rel-.

kompi
Edwards,
Serv.
Esp.
Sau.

1930.
Larva.
C!ypeal
hairs
and
An. Nos. of the Caribbean
region,

1930.
Egg.
Pub.,
1: pl.

(Based
1).

on Causey,

Deane,

Larva - (fig. 91). Similar to A. (8.) nimbus except for the characters given
in the key.
Egg - (fig. 92). Causey, Deane Rt Deane (1944) : - &
. . resembles those of
A. pseudopunctipennis. Anterior end stout, posterior end tapering ; exochorion
with polygonal pattern on all exposed parts except small area between floats ;
floats short and continuous anteriorly, fused at posterior end ; circular collar
formed by broad frill situated dorsally at, posterior end, in contact with fused posterior tips of floats.
Type ZocaZity - Panama,
Almirante.
Type in B. XI.
Distribution - From Costa Rica to Panama
until the southeast of Brasil
including Venezuela
and Colombia.

Anopheles
1937

Anopheles

1943

Russell

1940

Senevet

1947

Eloch

(Stethomyia)

(Stethonyin)

& al.,

Keys

An.

to the An.

& Abonnenc,
& Ahonnenc,

Kemp,
Al.
Ins.

Sot.

Am.,

of the World,

Ins.

Pasteur

Pasteur

Kemp,

acanthotorynus
Ent.

42.

dAlg&rie,

Guynne,

144

1937.

30 : 3%.

18

441,

442.

2.

Female Senevet & Abonnenc (1940) : Dun

autre c&6, nous avons
rechcrche le caractere de la touffe frontale indique par Shannon (1933) pour &parer
les femelles de A. kompi du groupe thomasi-nimbus. Chez un seul de nos six exemplaires, les Bcailles etaient suffisamment conservees pour avoir une certitude. Elles
surplombent le segment basal des antennas, ce qui rapprocherait A. acanthotorynus
du groupe nimbus-thomusi.
Genitalia : (fig. 93) Basistyle with a single parabasal spine which is long and
expanded at tip ; the internal spine is inserted at about the same level as the parabasal spine, is slender and pointed at apex. Claspettes in two lobes, the outer shorter
and bearing a leaflike seta at apex ; the inner with two compressed plates. Rlesosome slender, long and rounded at apex. Other structures as in figure.
Pupa, larva and egg - Unknown.
Type locality - Peru,
Iquitos.
Type in U. S. K. M.
Distribution - Perti and French
Guiana,
Cayenne.

Fig.

93.

Anopheles
on Komp,

(Stethomyia)
1927,
An.

acanthotorynus
Ent.
Sot. Am.

Iiomp,
30: fig.

1937.
1).

Xale

genitalia.

(Based

A K

0 P

II

E L I S

155

Note - The males have a median white line from anterior portion to prescutellar depression of mesonotum. The lateral lines are on anterior third. Senevet
& Abonnenc (1940) make the following remarks on this species : - Les ssules
diffbrences que nous onh paru notables sont dabord laspect plus large de lepine
du lobe interne qui est plus triangulaire que cclle reprksent6e par Kemp. En outre,
le mitsosome nia pas le m&ne aspect. 11 est vrai que Kemp en donne une vuc 1atB
rale tandis que notre rcpr@sentation est frontale.

Anopheles
1933

Anopheles

(Stethomyia)

Shannon

1933

Davis,

1943

Russell

An.

Ent.

19$6

Cova-Garcia,

1947

Deane

1949

Lar.e

(in Boyd),

syn.

1931

Anoplreles

& al.,

(n.n.),

Sot.

Keys
XII

& al., Rev.

lroc.

_kn.,

Ent.

26

to the An.

Am.,

Conf.

San.

Panam.,

Serv.

Esp.

Sau.
1

Zewisi Shannon,

35

1933.

: 5%

277.
of the World,

Malarioloqy,

Shannon,

thomasi
Sot.

Pub.,

50.

: 36, 133.
1 : 362.

401.

Prop.

Ent.

Sot.

Wash.,

33

: 134.

Female and male - Vertex with lone: white scales. Xcsonotum with three
distinct, lines on integument and 1 or 2 pr;alar setae.
Genitalia : (fig. 94). Differs from A. nimbus by the following characters
(Shannon, 1931) : - The more elongate condition of the larger arm of the claspette,
the elongate and trough-like intermediate arm, and the shorter and stouter spine
of the inner arm.

Fig.

94.

Anophdes
Shannon,

(Stethomyia)
1931,
Proc.

Pupa, larva and egg Type Zocality - Brasil,

Distribution - Brasil,

Anopheles

thomasi
Ent.
Sot.

Shannon,
1933.
Xale
33:
163).
Wash.,

genitalia.

(Based

on

Unknown.
State of Bahia, Cururipe rv. Type in U. S. N. 51.
State of Bahia and State of Par& ; Peru,
Iquitos.

(Stethomyia)

1945

Floch

& Ahonnenc,

Ins.

Pasteur

1947

Floch

& Abonnenc.

id.,

144

: 2.

canorii
Guyane

et Ter.

Floch & Abonnenc, 1945.

116 : 1.

Inini,

156

ANOPHELINI

Male - Floch & Abonnenc (1945) : - Ladulte

male ne differe de celui de
A. nimbus que par sa taille plus reduite. 11 Porte au front, comme celui-ci, la touffe
decailles blanches filiformes, projetee au devant des yeux, caractere qui &pare le
group nimbus-thomasi-acanthotorynus, auquel il appartient, de A. kompi.
Hypopygium : (fig. 95). Clasper tres long, plus long que le cosite, leg&ement aminci et incurvi: dans sa partie preapicale. Coxite ovoide allonge avec quelques soies eparses, pas decailles.
Sur sa partie mediane sinsere une forte &pine
parabasale incurvee dans ses 2/5 apicaux. Entre cette derniere et lapex prend
naissance lepine interne mince et plus courte que lepine parabasale. Harpagones
constituees par 3 lobes : un ventral comportant deux feuillets plats, sinueux,
diriges en dehors, termink en crochet et appliques lun contre lautre ; un lobe
dorsal portant une epine chitinisde 8 son extremite ; un lobe median de m&me forme
et de m&me longeur que le dorsal mais avec une &pine plus courte. Le lobe dorsal

Fig.

95.

canorii
Floch
& Abonnenc,
1945.
Male
genitalia.
Anopheles
(Stethomyia)
(Based
on Floch & Abonnenc,
1945,
Ins.
Pasteur
Guyane
et Ter.
Inini,
116:
fig. B., _ng. 3).

157

ANOPHELINI

fusionne avec son homologue par une menbra,ne pigmentbe qui a grosierement, sur
la pr&paration montee, la forme dun champignon. Mesosome arrondi 4 son extremite, la partie membraneuse est plus large que longe.
Female Unknown.
Pupa, larva and egg - Unknown.
Type ZocaZify- French
Guiana,
1_4pprouague, Saut Grand Canori. Type
in Institut Pasteur of French Guiana.
Note. - This species seems quite close to A. acanthotorynus

Subgenus ANOPHELES
1818

Anopheles

1901

CycZo7epteron

RZeigen,

Syst.

1901

CycZoEepidopterou

Blsnchnrd

1902

Rossia

J.

1902

Myzorhynchus

1903

Christya

Theobald,

Theobald,

Beschr.,
Mon.

Trop.

Blanchard,

Theobald,

Rept.

1 :

Cul.,

181 -

(emend.),
Med.,
C.

R.

Sleeping

10 --

C.

Sot.

type

202 R.

Biol.,

Sickness

maculipennis

type
Sot.
type

5L :
Corn.

s. str.

Biol.,

53

sinensis
795 -R.

Meigen.

grabhnmi

Sot.,

Theobald.

1046.

Wiedemann.

type
3

sinensis

31 --

Wd.
type

implexa

Theobald.

In this subgenus we do not study the following Nearctic species :

maculipennis, quadrimaculatus, walkeri, atropos, punctipennis a.nd
crucians. These species can be found in the northern portion of the
Neotropical region.
As far as our fauna is concerned, the species have been divided
into three series : Anopheles, Patagiamyia and Cyclolepteron. We have
not found sufficient characters to maintain the second of this series,
i. e. Patagiamyia. In the first series (Anopheles) we have included the
following species : pseudopunctipennis. tibiamaculatus, eiseni,
pseudotibiamaculatus, hectoris and parapunctipennis. In the second
\,Cyclolepteron) we have placed grabhami, vestitipennis, annulipalpis,
mattogrossensis,peryassui and xelajuensis.
One of the species belonging to our fauna, A. pseudopunctipennis,
is the most important vect,or of malaria in the Incasic and Chilean
centers and disperses from the western portion of the U. S. A. to the
northeastern part of Argentina.
There is a possibility that, when more is known about these
species, the subgenus Lophopodomyia will also be included here.
-

Kej Tfor

the

adults

of the

subgenera

ANOPHELES

and

LOPHOPODOMYIA.

1. Hind femur without a tuft of scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.

Hind femur with a tuft of erect, shaggy scales over distal third
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . squamifemur
2. Wing with white spots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.
Wing dark, no white spots visible but a few white scales can be
found at extreme apex ; legs dark except for an apical white
spot on hind tibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xelajuensis
3. Hind tibia with a large white spot on apex which can extend to
corresponding basitarsus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.
Hind tibia without such a spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.

4. Vein 6 marked with white ; the large spot of hind tibia extending
to corresponding tarsus I .............................
.5.
TTein 6 dark ; t,he large spot on hind t,ibia not extending to corresponding tarsus I ..................................
.6.
5. Costa1 vein with five white spots ; 6th. vein also with five white
pseudotibiamaculatus
spots ...............................
Costa1 vein with six white spots ; 6th. vein extensively marked
with white in the middle ..........................
gilesi
tibiamaculatus
6. Costa1 vein with three white spots ...............
Costa1 vein dark but with a small whit,e spot on 1st. vein reaching
the apex of wing .................................
eiseni
7. Femora and tibiae peppered with white ...................
Femora and tibiae unicolorous ...........................

-8.
10.

.9.
8. Last two hind tarsal segments dark with white rings ........
Last two hind tarsal segments completely white .... annzdipalpis
9. Veins 3rd. and 6th. with white scales predominating .... grabhami
These veins with dark scales predominating .......
vestitipennis
10. Vein 6th. with four or more dark spots ...................
This vein with less than four dark spots ..................

.ll.
.12.

11. Last abdominal tergite and cerci densely covered with white
scales intermixed with dark ones ; sternites I-VII
without
white scales ..................................
peryassui
Tergites and cerci without scales, covered with pilosity ; sternites
mattogrossensis
I-VII with median tufts of white scales .....
.l3.
12. Costa1 vein with more than two white spots ...............
This vein with only two white spots ......
pseudopunctipennis
13. Vein 6th. completely dark or with a single small white spot in
the middle .....................................
zargasi
This vein white or with one to three dark spots ............
.14.
14. Vein 6th. with three small dark spots ; coxae, trochanters and
base of femora white .................................
.15.
Vein 6th. fvith one or two dark spots ; coxae, trochanters and
base of femora yellowish .............................
.16.
15. Wing with yellowish scales ; costa with the spots evenly distributed ......................................
oiketorakras
Wing with white scales ; costs with two spot,s at base and two
additional ones at apex ..........................
hectoris
16. Vein 3 with three distinct dark spots ; subcostal vein with two
dark spots ; abdominal segments with basal whitish bands
..........................
parapunctipennis parapunctipennis
Vein 3 dark or with the three spots indistinct ; subcostal vein
dark ......................
parapunctipennis guatemalensis

159

AKOPHELINI

Key

for

the

larvae

of

ANOPHELES

and

LOPHOPODOMYIA.

.2.
1. Setae of body evenly and discreetely distributed ...........
Setae of body bunched into rosettes giving the larva and hirsute
xelajuensis
appearance ..................................
2. Abdominal segments IV and V with hair 6 divided into two or
.3.
more branches or with numerous branches ..............
Abdominal segments IV and V with hair 6 simple ...........
parapunctipennis parapunctipennis
..........................
parapunctipennis guatemalensis
.4.
3. Clypeal hair 3 simple ...................................
.7.
Clypeal hair 3 divided into two or more branches ...........
4. Clypeal hairs, 2, 3 and 4 long, simple and subequal ; meso and
5.
metathoracic setae thickened and spiniform ...............
.6.
Such hairs different ....................................
5. Spiracular apparatus with the post.erior plate elongated into two
projections which are curved upwards. ...................
pseudopunctipennis pseudopunctipennis
......................
pseudopunctipennis franciscanus
Without such projections ....
hectoris
6. Clypeal hair 3 longer and thicker than 2 .............
eiseni
This hair shorter and more slender than 2 .............
7. Prothoracic hair 1 short, with t,en branches and like a palmate
mattogrossensis
tuft
....................................
.8.
Such a hair without this shape ..........................
8. Clypeal hair 3 weakly branched, with less than t,wenty branches
.9.
or entirely bare .....................................
Clypeal hair 3 strongly branched and divided into fifty or more
.12.
branches giving it a fan-shaped appearance ..............
9. Abdominal tuft 1 with the branches as long and slender filagilesi
ments ...........................................
10.
This tuft without such filaments ..........................
10. Clypeal hair 3 divided near base into two strong branches ; abdominal segments IV, V and VI divided into five to eight branches
vargasi
.................................................
Clypeal hair 3 divided into about twenty terminal branches ... 11.
11. Abdominal segment IV and V with hair G double ; on VI absent
vestitipennis
..........
fi$ &
if a;dddmiiai

i,,ieit,~+:$;
dI:~~~d~j

annulipalpis
12. Larva nude ; abdominal hair 6 double on segments IV and V. .13.
Ventral surface of larva strongly spiculose ; hair 6 on IV and V
minor
triple ...........................................
13. Clypeal hair 4 with five branches ..................
This hair with three branches .......................

peryassui
grabhami

160

ANOIHELINI

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

pseudopunctipennis

1901

Anopheles

1906

Dyar

1916

Dyar,

Theobald,

& Knab,
Ins.

1917

Howard,

1918

Dyar,

Ins.

1923

Root,

Am.

1923

Ietrocchi,

1923

Bonne

1927

Ins.

4 :

Men.,

J. Hyg.,

Ins.

& Davis,

Mon.,

274

1928

Davis,

_4m. J. Trop.

Dyar,

Mos.

1932

Holfman,

1934

Earle,

1936

Senevet,

Am.,

1937

Komp,

1937

Hoffman

1937

Rozeboom,

1938

Gabaldon,

1939

Kumm

1939

Del

1939

Vargas,

1939

Kumm

J.

Wash.,

An.

Ins.

23

Mal.,

Rev.

Ins.

Ins.

1940

Vargas,

Rev.

1941

Kumm,

Am.

& al.,

1927

4 : 252.

Shannon,

Davis

6: Del

Ponte,

id.,

46.

id., 8

131

1928 Davis,

id.,

457.

20

Ins.

Div.

Sal.

J. Trop.

Med.,

16 : 459.

157.
8 : 239.

197.

19

Trop.,

438.

149.

1 : 79.

y Prot

Sot.

map 7

1940 Kumm

& Soto,

id., 22

1940

Kumm

411.
5

463.

Mal.,

y As. Sot.,

J. Trop.

Am.

29.

B. A.,

y Enf.

Pub.

San.

Earle,

Mexico,

Med.,

Sal. Pub.

Med.,

39

Caracas,

Bact.

Sal.

& al., Mem.

Rev.

id.,

538.

J. Trop.

Gabaldon

662

1928 Rickerd,

12 :

Biol.

Am.

Anduze,

:
:

id., 5

: 5.

1925 Petrocchi,

B. A..

-4lgerie,

Div.

1940

518.

: 523.
; 1936

44

Pub.

1940

Sur.,

167

25

Dept.,

Sot.

Par.,

& al., J. Trop.

id.,

10 ;

Ponte,

Pasteur

Ent.

Rev.

Root,

3 :

Bact.

& Ruiz,

Ponte,

21

Ins.

Med.,

& Roaro,
J.

176.

1014.

1924

& Del

San.

Ins.

Proc.

B. A.,

Med.

Med.

.4r.

448.

Southern

Rep.

4:

Mos.

Rev.

305.
14

143.

Bact.

1927 Shannon

2
Sot.,

50.

8: Bonne-Wepster,

1928

y Enf.
Med.,

38.

Trop.,

277.

21 : 93 ; 1941 Kumm

& Ram,

id., 21

560

1941 Vargas

&

al.,

780.

1941

Komp,

1941

Vnrgas,

Rev.

Am.

As. Adv.
Sot.

1942

Komp,

Nat.

Ins.

1943

Galvis,

Rev.

Fat.

Sci.,

1943

Kumm
Ross

& al., Am.

1943

Russell

& al.,

1944

Kumm

& Zbniga,

& Roberts,

J.

Trop.

El

1944

Levi-Castello,
RIatheson,

1945

Aitken,

1945

Hackett,

1945

Levi-Castillo,

An.

Rep.

1946

Cova-Garcia,

XII

Conf.

1949

Castellanos

& al.,

1950

Sassi

Univ.

Complejo
Mos.

N.

Ins.

J.

1950

Vargas

1950

Lane

& Palacios,

syn.

1907

Anopheles

1912

Protoreorhynchus

1912

Anopheles

1916

P.

(in Boyd),

374.

23,

24.

34.

18.

J.

Nat.

Ent.,

An.

Levi-Castillo,
43,

29
9

Levi-Castillo,

id.,

95,

J. Econ.

Ent.,

38

385.

134.

34.

181.

MCxico,

Mem.

BrethBs,

Lahille,

83.

An.
Mus.

Mun.
Bol.

Mus.

Lima,

Ins.
Nat.

Nat.

B. A.,

Anopheles

pseudopunctipennis

boydi

Vargas,

1944

Anopheles

pse-udopunctipennis

leuicastilloi

en el Ecuador,

1944

407.

Tamayo,

An.

1939

pennis

BrethBs,

327.

1945

Med.,

Mos.

:
1

Sot.,

argentinus

tucumanus

33

Trop.

6 : 239.

Panam.,

Tax.

peruvianus

Trop.,

Mal.

en el Ecuador,

112.

Ecuador,

Malariology,

argentinus

pse-udopunctipennis

San.

105.

140.

of the World,
39

id.,

12.

23
1

An.

y Enf.

Est.

12

hled.,

Pub.

Sal.

Am.

& Hackett,

93,

America,

California,

Rev.

179 : 49,

J. Hyg.,

1944

The

48.

iltlas,

to the
Am.

N.,

Bogota,

hiosquito

Keys

1941 Rozeboom,

H.

Bul.

Med.,

90

Mexicana
Hlth.,

1943

subsp.

Ent.

& Knah,

Ins.
Rev.

480

id.,

Cul.,

Y.

Men*.,

Dyar

Shannon
4

Mon.

J. N.

pseudopuncti-

Theobald, 1901.

pennis

7 pp.

35.

En.

y Pat.

H.

N.,

23

Rev.

23

Veg.,

15.

253.

201.
Med.

Levi-Castillo,

Mex.,
El

19

Complejo

356.
pseudopuncti-

6.

161

ANOPHELINI

1945

Anopheles

pseudopunctipennis

rivanaderai

1947

Anopheles

pseudopunctipennis

patersoni

Levi-Castillo,

Alvarado

Mosquito

& Heredia,

News,

An. Ins. Med.

Reg.,

: 73.

Female - Proboscis dark, one fifth shorter than fore femur, labellum lighter.
Palpus with dark brown scales except articulation of segments I and II and II and
III which have an apical white ring ; IV also having yellowish scales. Occiput
with brown integument, with forked brown scales except extensive anterosuperior
spot of white scales which reaches vertex, these scales are also forked and mixed
with long, slender ones and setae at vertex ; oculars brown.
Thorax : Pronot,al lobe brown, with setae of this color. Mesonotum with
dark brown integument and a large, broad longitudinal grayish stripe which enlarges towards scutellum ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae pale, and also pale
sparse scales ; setae and scales inserted on darker spots ; the darker portion of
mesonotum as discreet setae and scales. Scutellum darker in the middle, the marginal setae light, a few golden scales. Postnotum blackish brown with a discreet
longitudinal groove. Pleura brown with areas where the integument is darker.
Abdomen brown, darker apically ; covered with golden hairs ; cerci with
yellowish integument and hairs.
Legs : Coxae and trochanteres yellowish, base of femora dark ; the rest
dark except for the femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal joints which are whitish.
Wing (fig. 66) with slender scales, the markings variable (see Aitken, 1945).
Haltere with whitish stem, the knob blackish.

Fig.

96.

Anopheles

Wing.

(Anopheles)

In all our drawings

Only
the markings

Male apex

pseudopunetipennis

Theobald,

pseudopunetipennis

1901.

Original.

of the Anophelini
to be
are intended

Similar to the female.

we do
shown.

not

SllOW

the

shape

of

scales.

Antenna plumose, the hairs lighter towards

; palpus with the last two segments nearly completely whitish.

Genitalia : (fig. 97). Matheson, (1944) : - Side

piece almost twice as long

as wide. Internal spine prominent, slightly distad of the middle. Two stout basal
spines present, the inner with curved tip. Clasper longer than the side piece, somewhat constricted in the middle. Each claspet,te bilobed, the ventral lobe domeshaped with two long, stout, apical setae and a minute seta near them ; dorsal
lobe narrowly elongate, bearing three closely appressed spines. Mesosome short
with two to four pairs of deeply serrate leaflets. Ninth tergite narrow with low
conical processes.
Aitken (1945) discusses in detail the presence and number as well as the development of the mesosomal leaflets.

162
---

ANOPHELINI
--

..--

____-__

---_-I_

__ __

Pupn (fig. 98) Integument, unicolorous. Tube broad, covered with short
pilosity. Cephalothoracic hairs small. Abdomen (chaetotaxy not complete) hair A
from segments III to VIII
spinelike and progressively longer. Paddle distorted,
serrate on outer margin.

JGa.

97.

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

pseudopunctipennis

pscudopunetipennin

Male genitalia.
(Based on Matheson, 1944,
North America, fig. 6).
Fig. 98. -

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

pseudopunctipennis

(Based on Aitken,
Pupa.
Western America, fig. 26).

1945,

Handbook

Theobald, 1901.
of the Mosquitose of

Theobald, 1901.
Anopheline Complex of

pseudopunctipennis

Studies

on the

Larva -- (fig. 99) Head : Hairs 2 and-3 long and simple. Clypeal index 2.
Hair 4 long and simple. Hair 8 long with a-few branches ; 9 as 8. Antenna with
11 short and inserted below the middle.
Prothorax with hair 1 inserted on a separate sclerite, simple at base, forked
at apex, 2 long, branched and on the sarne sclerite as 3 which is simple.
Abdomen with tuft 1 absent on segments I-II but present on the rest, the
elements serrate on margins and about 20 on each tuft ; 2 long and simple on
; 7 similar to 6 but
segments IV-V ; hair 6 long and feathered on segments I-III
present on segments I-II ; respiratory apparatus with the tips of the posterior
plates produced into long, dark sclerotized tails which end in a small seta ; these
tails are bent upward at right angles to the plates and project through the water
surface.
Egg - (fig. 100) Suffers considerable variation.
Can or not have a collar ;
floats vary much both as to nurnber and as to position of divisions.
Type Grenada
(B. W. I.). Type lost ?
Dislribution For the interesting distribution of this important malaria
vector consult Shannon, Davis and Del Ponttb (1927) and the papers of Kumm and
Kemp. It occurs from Mexico to Argentina
and is also found in the Antilles.
Note We agree with Matheson (1944) in considering R. franciscanus as
a distinct species and not a subspecies of 8. pseudopunctipennis.

Fig.

99.

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

pseudopunctipennis

Larva.
Clypeal
hairs
the Caribbean
Region,
Fig.

100.

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

(Based
Egg.
America,
fig.

on
31).

pseudopunctipennis

and prothoracic
hairs.
figs. 61 and 62).
pseudopunetipennis

Aitken,

1945,

(Bawd

on

pseudopnnctipennis

Studies

on

th(a

An.

Theobald,
Komp,
1942,

1901.
An. of

Theobald,
1901.
complex
of Western

Aitken (1945) makes the following reference about A. pseudopunctipennis : NO description of the egg, larval and pupal stages, or of the male terminalia of
A. pseudopunctipennis have been made from the type locality.
Levi-Cast,illo (1944-1945)described two subspecies (rivadeneirai and levicastilloi). We believe that there is quite a probability that his subspecies rivadeneirai is A. peruvianus Tamayo, 1927 while levi-castilloi is the typical form. The
work on subspecies of A. pseudopunctipennis will be subject to error up to the time
when the cycle of this species is described in detail from the t,ype locality.

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

parapunctipennis

Martini,
1932

Anopheles

1935

Martini,

1939

Dampf,

An.

1941

Komp,

Sm.

1943 Russell

Martini,
Dep.

Est.

Nat.

Keys

& al.,

1949

Lane

1950

Vargas

(in Boyd),

syn.

1936

Anopheles

1939

Kumm

Mex.

Pub.,

Biol.,
90.

of the

Trop.

Med.,

Est.

chiriquiensis
ilm.

Tax.

23.
279.

An.

hlalariology

& Ruiz,

1 :

Sci.,

J.

1932

12 : 99.

Mexico,

to the
-4m.

& Palacios,

Biol.,

Mos.

Ci.

As. Bdv.

& al.,

1949 Castellanos

Rev.

Sal.

parapunctipennis

World,
29

33, 34.
34.

406.

,4n.

Mexico,

80.

Komp,

Proc.

Ent.

J. Trop.

Med.,

19

Sot.

Wash.,

38

438 ; 1940 Kumm

156.
& al., id., 20

410.

Female - Palpus with segment II blackish, with erect scales ; III with white
scales at base and apex ; white at ends and black in the middle ; V white.
Legs : Coxae yellowish ; trochanters yellowish, this color extending to the
base of mid and hind femora.

164

ANOPHELINI

Wing (fig. 101) with narrow scales.

Other characters as in A. pseudopunctipennis.
Male 2 Palpus the length of proboscis, last two segments elongate, dark
but with white scales at base. Antenna shorter than proboscis and moderately
plumose.

Fig.

Fig.

101.

102.

parapunctipennis
(Anopheles)
Anopheles
Wing.
(Based
on Vargas
& Palacios,
fig. 29).

(Anopheles)
parapunctipennis
Anopheles
Mesosome
and lobes of
Male
genitalia.

parapunctipennis
1950,
Est.
Tax.

Martini,
Xos.
An.

parapnnctipennis
Original.
claspette.

Martini,

1932.
MBxico,

1932.

A N

165

0 P H E L I N I

Genitalia : (fig. 102) Dististyle as long as basistyle with ten to twelve evenly
spaced spicules on ventral surface from base to apex. Claw subterminal. Basistyle
with thick, pointed internal seta on distal fourth and two rarabasal setae, one of
them shorter and pointed, the other longer and with curved apex ; claspettes with
internal1 lobe pilose, conical, setose internally and with a thick seta ; the external
lobe cone shaped and with two appressed, thick, blunt setae and an additional seta
curved outwards besides a smaller one which may be absent. Mesosome high,
slender and bearing apically two leaves on each side, the distal one large, foliaceous
and serrate on margins distally, the other short, slender and point,ed.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 103) Head with darker integumental markings. Hairs 2 and 3
simple, smooth, long, 2 longer than 3. Clypeal index 5,8. Hair 4 similar to 3 ;
hairs 5, 6 and 7 strong and feathered ; 8 simple and long ; 9 simple at base, divided
into four branches at apex ; 13 small and divided. Antenna sparsely spiculose ;
hair 11 at basal third and divided in four branches ; 10 feathered ; sabers with
the same shape, one of them smaller than the other.

Fig.

103.

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

Larva.
Clypeal
Palacios,
1950,

parapunctipennis

hairs
of head
and
Est. Tax.
Mos. An.

parapunctipennis

prothoraaio
hairs.
(Based
M&xico,
fig. 32 C. & D.).

Martini,
1932.
on Vargas
&

Thorax : From Vargas & Palacios (1950) : - Hair 1 half to three quarters
the size of 2 ; with nine to fourteen lateral branches ; 2 large and branched ; 3
slender, small and simple.
Abdomen : Hairs 6 and 7 strong and feathered on segments I and II. Hair 6
simple and feathered in III ; simple or divided in two branches in IV and simple

166

in V. Palmate hairs on segments II-VII.

Pecten with long teeth alternating with
short ones. Dorsal plate spiculose on sides, nude on top, the saddle hairs long and
simple. Spiracular hair branched.
Type Zoccdity- Mexico, Chiapas, San Cristobal de las Casas. Type ??
Distribution -- South of Mexico and Central
America.

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

parapunctipennis

guatemalensis

De Leon, 1938.
1938

A nopheles

1943

Russell

gualenLalensis

c/;iriquienti

et al.,

to the An.

Keys

De

Leon,

&nit.

Bol.

nf the World,

Guatemala,

416.

34.

Female -- Differs from ,I. pumpunctipennis pnrapunctipennis by the characters given in the keys.
Male - Similar to A. pampunctipennis parapunctipennis.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva Similar to A. parapunctipennis parapunctipennis.
Cumbre de1 Aire. Type in Entomoteca de
Type locality Guatemala,
Sanidad PGblica de Guatemala.
Distribution -- Guatemala.

Anopheles
1931

Anopheles

1933

De

1935

Martini,

1936

Mira,

Mira,

Leon,

Bol.
Bol.

Riv.
Leon,

San.
Tee.,

Mal.,

1938

De

1939

Dampf,

An.

1940

Vargas,

Ciencia,

Gac.

Bol.

Bol.

Med.

(Anopheles)

Dir.

Ceral

Guatemala,
Ser.

Sal.
4

_A., Ent.

hectoris

Guatemala,

&Era, 1931

606.

802.

Med.

Par.,

I : 21.

54.
San.

Est.

Guatemala,

Nnc.

Cien.

: 55;
Mexico,
81 :
1

1941 Komp,

Am.

1942 Vargas

& Palacios,

As. Adv.

1943

Russell

& al.,

1950

Vargas

& Palacios,

Keys

1949

Lane

(in Boyd),

syn.

1932

Anophelee

107

88

Ins.
Tax.

Malariology,
cricillium

279.

Rev.

Ins. Sa. Yub. y Enf.

;
1941 Rozeboom,

Sal.

to the Au.
Est.

1 :

1940 Vargas,

Sci.,

Rev.

9 : 405.
Biol.,

y Enf.

of the
10s Mos.
1

Martini,

Trop.,

World,
An.

id.,
3

106.

177.

32.
de Mexico,

76.

406.
Rev.

Mex.

Biol.,

12 : 99.

Per&e - Head : Proboscis slightly shorter than the length of fore femur,
blackish ; labellum slightly lighter. Palpus blackish ; segment II with erect scales
and a small ring of white ones on articulation with III and that of III and IV ;
segments IV and V white, a ring at joint and a small apical spot on V. Antenna
with dark brown torus, with white scales on top ; flagellum two thirds the length
of proboscis, the first segments with white scales. Occiput, with blackish forked
scales, anteriorly with white ones ; forked scales also intermixed with very long,
slender proclinate scales at vertex ; sctae at vertex yellowish ; oculars blackish.
Thoras : Pronotal lobe dark brown scales and setae of this color. Mesonotum
dark brown except for a broad longitudinal whitish pruinose band, broader posteriorly, slightly before the middle and covered with narrow white scales ; dark
scales on the sides of the anterior tuft which is also formed by white ones. Scutellum whitish, pruinose, with a central dark spot, the marginal setae yellowish,
a few white scales over the rest. Postnotum light brown, the longitudinal incision
dark brown. Pleura brown with lighter areas.
Legs blackish except the coxae, trochanters and base of femora. Femora and
femoro tibia1 joints and tibio tarsal ones also with small irregular white stripes.
Tarsi with small rings on two basal segments.

Wing (fig. 104). Covered-with narrow scales. Halterc

blackish knob, a few white scales at base.

Fig. 10.~. -

Anophdes

(Anopheles)

hectoria

Edira, 1931.

with whitish stem and

Wing.

Original.

Abdomen light brown, the apes darker, covered with yellowish pilosity ;
cerci vellowish and with short hair of this color.
&tale - Similar to female.? Palpus blackish except joint of segment II and
III and the two last ones which have large patches of white scales ; these segments
have also long yellow hairs. Antenna plumose, the hairs dense and golden.
Genitalia : (fig. 105). Basistyle twice as long as basal width ; two parabasal
setae inserted on discreet tubercles, they are long, slender and pointed. Dististyle
longer than basistyle, curved. Claw subapical, the point blunt.. Claspettes with
inner lobe conical, with two long, slender setae at apex ; outer lobe nude, ending
in three curved, broad, appressed, pointed and modified setae. Mesosome conical,
elongate ; three terminal leaflets on each side ; they are long, slender, the median
one being the longest. Anal lobe large, nearly hyaline.
Pupa ~- IJnknown.

Fig.
Kg.

105.

Fig. 106. -

105.

Fig.

106.

Mira, 1931.
?&ale genitalia.
Mesosorne and
lobes of claspette. (Based, on Vargas & Palacios, 1950, Est. Tax. MOP.. An.
MBxico,fig. 27 B. and C).
Anopheles

(Anopheles)

hectori&

Anopheles
(Anopheles)
hectoris
Mira, 1931.
Laws.
Clypeal hairs of head
and prothoracic hairs.
(Based on Vargas & Palscios, 1950, Est. Tax. Xo8.
Xkico,
fig. 28 _\. and B.).

168

ANOPHELINI

Larva (fig. 106). Characters from Vargas & Palacios (1950) : - Head :
Hairs 2 divergent, long ; 3 half the size of 2, both simple. Clypeal index, 8. Hair
4 simple and short. Hairs 8 and 9 strongly branched laterally. Antenna with sparse
spines, some of them very long ; sabers pointed, dark ; terminal hair simple, thick ;
hair 11 inserted on basal quarter and with four to seven branches.
Thorax : Prothoracic hair 1 inserted on a separate sclerite, long and laterally
branched ; 2 quite longer than 1 and also laterally branched ; 3 simple and inserted
on same sclerite as 2.
Abdomen : Hair 0 small and simple. Tuft 1 present on segments III-VII,
the leaflets broad, slightly sclerotized, serrate on distal margins ; on first segments
the leaflets are filiform. Hair 6 on segments IV-VI with numerous lateral branches.
Respiratory apparatus normal. Pecten large with twenty to twenty seven branches
of several sizes, five or six of them large. Lateral hair of anal segment simple and
inserted far from margin.
Egg Characters from Vargas & Palacios (1950) : - Floats dorsal and
united over whole length or leaving only a narrow space between them. Collar
present, its height, at least, 10% that of length of egg ; exochorion with hexagonal
pattern over its whole surface ; each float with 26 divisions.
Type locality Guatemala,
City of Guatemala.
Types Dep. Sanidad
Guatemala ?
Distribution Guatemala
and Mexico.

Anopheles
1902

Anopheks

1917

Howard,

1923

Root,

Coquillett,
Dyar

Am.

1923 Bonne

& Knab,

J. Hyg.,

Mon.,

Coquillett,

eiseni

Sot.,

192

11

10

1906 Dyar

& Knab,

1902
id.,

14

177.

1002.

274.

& Bonne-Wepster,

Sur.,

Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

127

1925

Bonne

& Bonne-Wepster,

Mos.

507.

1927

Root,

Am.

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

1938

Gabaldon,

1938

Kumm

J. Hyg.,
Am.,

602.

447.

Pub.

Div.

Mal.,

& Novis,

Am.

J. Hyg.,

1940 Kumm

1940 Ramos
1941

(Anopheles)
J. N. Y. Ent.

Kumm

Caracas,

& al., id., 20

& Unti,

Pub.

Serv.

& Ram,

Am.

J.

1941

Correa,

Ar.

1941

Komp,

Am.

Hig.

As. Adv.

1942

Komp,

Nat.

Ins.

Hlth.,

1942

Galvgo

& al.,

Ar.

Vargas,

Rev.

Ins.

1943

Galvis,

Rev.

1943

Downs

& al., J.

1943

Russell

& al.,

Keys

1944 Causey

& al.,

Am.

1944

Correa

& Ramos,

1946

Cova-Garcia,

1947

Deane

& al., Rev.

1947

Floch

& Abonnenc,

1947

Coutinho,

1949

Castellanos

1950

Kuyp,

Hig.,

1950

Vargas

1949

Lane

syn.

1920

Fat.

Med.,

Ar.

Hig.

Conf.
Serv.

Ver.

Indisch

& Palacios,
(in Boyd),
Anopheles

Est.

Sau.

niueopalpis

185.

16.

Inst.,

32.

133.

44, 95, 135.

Pub.,

300,

144

323,

3.

53.
Med.,

89
Mos.
1

Pub.,

Guyane,

Thesis,

Tax.

104.

2.

Pan.,

Trop.

Malariology,

id.,

139.

of the World,

Pasteur

J.

12

& Sau.

S. Paulo,

& al., Am.

7.

: 29.

39

Esp.

Ins.

Am.

Ludlow,

29

34.

61 et seq.

An.

de Mexico,

71.

406.
Psyche,

26

166.

342,

J. Trop.

Sal. Pub.

560.

51, 91,

Trop.,

San.

Mem.

56.

to the An.
J. Hyg.,

14

& Ruiz,

& Soto,

25.

Bogota,
Sot.,

1939 Kumm

1941 Rozeboom,

179

y Enf.

Nat.

Univ.

12

Sal.

XII

Kon.

Bul.

21

90

: 197.

Mal.,

Med.,

Pub.,

Sci.,

503

1940 Kumm

Prof.

Trop.

& Sau.

1942

410

27

362.

Med.,

y Prot.

19

Sot.,

:
22.

438;

169

ANOPHELINI

Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, Iabellum lighter. Palpus dark

brown ; segment II with erect scales above ; III the longest with a few white
scales at apex ; IV with white basal and apical rings ; V with the coloring of IV.
Antenna ; torus light brown ; flagellum two thirds the length of proboscis. Occiput
brown, covered with brown forked scales except on top and at vertex where they
are white, forked and intermixed with a few very long, slender, proclinate ones,
surpassing the first flagellar segment ; ocular setae brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with setae of this color. Mesonotum with a
broad whitish pruinose longitudinal stripe which reaches scutellum and broadens
posteriorly ; the rest with brown integument, lighter on the margins ; acrostichal
setae in a darker stripe, the dorsocentrals blackish and inserted in darker integumental spots ; there are some brown hairs in the stripe ; the only scales are white
and on the anterior tuft. Scutellum whitish, pruinose in the center, darker on the
sides. Postnotum brown. Pleura brown on top, lighter near coxae which are
yellowish.
Legs dark except apex of femora, tibiae and femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal
joints which are white, besides a broad white ring (fig. 107) over the apical sixth
of hind tibia formed by white and cream colored scales.

Fig.

107.

Anopheles

iAnopheles)

eiseni

Coquillett,

1902.

Leg.

Original.

Wing (fig. 108) covered with narrow scales, broader at apex, also some white
ones ; there are scales of two colors, the dark brown ones are in the costal region
and the forks of the 2nd., 4th. and base of 3rd. veins, the others are of light brown
color and distributed over the rest except apex and 1st. vein where there are the
spots of yellowish scales. Haltere with whitish stem and blackish knob.

Fig.

108.

Anophdes

(Anopheles)

eiseni

Coquillett,

1902.

Wing.

Original.

Abdomen dark brown, covered with brown hairs.

&laze Similar to the female. Palpus wit,h the coloration of the female.
Antenna densely plumose, the hairs light brown.
Genitalia : (fig. 109). Basistyle long, somewhat slender, externally covered
with setae and scales ; two parabasal setae, the apex curved, the external longer
and bhicker, both of them inserted on basal third ; the internal seta slender and
inserted at base of apical third. Dististyle slender and with one or two apical
spicules. Claw small and apical. Mesosome elongate, curved and with two large
leaflets at apex ; the leaflets have both margins serrate. Lobes of claspette, two

_I

I.70

___-__

--

Fig.

109.

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

and lobes of claspette.

figs. 110 and 111).

Fir.

1 1U

Anopheles

?;

II

.___ ---_---

(Anopheleu)

E L I N I
. _ _- -.-- --

eiseni
Coquillett, 1902.
Male genitalia.
Mesos?me
(Based on Komp, 1942, An. of the Cnribhean Region,

eiseni

(Based
prothoracic hairs.
Region, figs. 59 and SO).

Coquillett, 1902.
Larva. C&Peal hairs and
on Kemp, 1942, Anophelines of the Caribbean

-4

II

171

external and two internal ones ; the externals shorter, flattened and curved apitally ; the internals conical and longer than the externals, strongly pilose at apex
and generally with a single slender pointed seta. Anal lobe membranous and densely covered with spicu1osit.y which nearly reaches the apes. Paraprocts not devcloped, basally spiculose. Nmth tergite as a narrow ring.
Pupa - Correa (1941) : - Trompetas corn rebardos lisos ; espinhos postcrolaterais curtos e grossos. Nadadeiras corn espinhos no &pice.
Larva (fig. 110). Clypeal hairs 2 verv close together, long, smooth ; 3
inserted more posteriorly, slender, nude and half as long as internals ; 4 in a more
central position, relatively long and smooth. No antenna1 setae. Hairs 8, 9 and
13 branched.
Thorax : Pfothoracic hair 1 filamentous, not inserted in same sclerite as 2
and 3. Posteriorly and laterally there are palmate thoracic tufts like the abdominal
ones.
,4bdomen : Tufts 1 present on segments II-VII,
the hairs grooved apically.
Hairs 6 and 7 of segments IV and V with brancheq, that of VI simple and shorter.
Bgg - (fig. 110 a) Galvgo (1942) : - Comprimento 620 micra. Maior largura
200 micra. Xtimcro de gomos dos flutuadores 24 a 31. 0 ovo ostenta na parte mais
dorsal e media, uma abertura de 20 micra de largllra em t6da a sua extensgo longitudinal, sendo que as extremidades ngo se diferenciam em rebbrdos. 0 exocGrion
existente entre a abertura e OS flutuadores possuc car cinzenta e ostenta configura@es losangulares. Esses flutuadores s50 em ntimero de dois, divididos em 24
a 31 gomos e se inserem na parte mais mediana e lateral do ovo, possuindo uma
As duas partes distais quasi atingem as ext,remidades
c6r de tonalidade cinza-p&la.
livres do ovo, caracter que OS diferencia dos de punctimacula (tipo A) 110s quais
aquelas permanecem muito ayuem. 0 exoc6rion da part,e ventral mostra granula@es muito finas, assemelhando-se a urn pontilhado.
Type Zocality Guatemala,
Aguna. Type in U. S. K. M.
Iksfribution From Mexico
to Brasil
and Equador.

Anopheles
1938

.4noplteles

1942

Vargas,

194-

Galindo,

1950

Vargas

Leon,

Rev.

(Anopheles)

Bol.

Ins.

Pan-Jacific
& Ialacios,

Dir.

Sal.

Gen.

y Enf.

Ent.,
Est.

San.
hop,

23 (1)

Tax.

Mos.

Leon, 1938.

xelajuensis

Pub.,

Guatemala,

: 169;

1943

Vargas.

411.
id.,

37.

44.
An.

Mexico,

116.

Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, blackish, some shaggv scales at

base. Palpus a little shorter t,han proboscis, blackish with shaggy scales at base.
Antenna with dark brown torus, four fifths the length of proboscis. Occiput with
erect black scales, some white ones at, vertex where there are proclinatr scales
and setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish. Mcsonotum pruinose white in the middle,
blackish on the sides, nude except for thca white scales on anterior promontory.
Scutellum white pruinose. Pleura blackish, margins of some srlerites pruinose.
Legs : Coxae and trochanters yellowish. Femora dark, the hind one with a
broad white ring on apical tenth. Tibiae and tarsi blackish.
Wing covered with narrow blackish scales and dark brown ones, no white
spots. Apex of fringe golden. Hallere with white stem and black knob, the SC&S
black. There are a few whit,e scales at extreme apex of wing,
Abdomen blackish covered with black hairs.
Male - Palpus as long as proboscis, blackish, the lasl tw ) segments clavatc.
Antenna moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 111). L eon (1938) : -- Hasistilo conic*0 (*:)ii tscaso revestimiento de pelos largos. IXstistilo muy large, atenuado en su parte media y terminando en su v&tice por fina corta. Espinas parabasales dcl basistilo en n6mero tic
dos, la extcrna mayor que la interna, ambas incertadas sobre ncidul:)s distintc>x.

AN

172

Fig.

0 P H

E L I

N I

111.

Fig.

Fig.

111.

Anopheles
(Anopheles)
some and claspettes.
fig. 51 C. and D.).

Fig.

112.

Anopheles
protroracic

112.

xelajuensis
De LBon,
1938.
(Based
on Vargas
& Palacios,

(Anopheles)
xelajuensis
hairs.
Original.

.De

LCon,

1938.

Male
1950,

genitalia.
Mos. -4n.

Larva.

MesoMQxico.

Clypeal

and

Espina interna muy larga, un poco encorvada hacia su vkrtice. Lobos de1 harpago
Lobo externo alto, chnico, dando incersi6n a cinco filamentos estrechamente
unidos, que por su proximidad dan apariencia de dos hojas talladas en punta de
navaja. Lobo interno m6s corto, portanto dos espinas dispuestas de dentro hacia
fuera sucesivamente por orden de longitud. Mesosoma cilindrico, con ancha escotadura en su base y v&tice ostentando dos foliolas, una de ellas mayor que la otra,
con borde serrado. LDbo anal alto, cbnico, cubierto de fina pubescencia.
Pupa Unicolorous. Tube long and slender. Cephalothorax with short
hairs.
Abdomen with hair B one third the length of segment in II-V (in IV one third
the length of segment), in VI half as long as segment and in VII nearly the length
of segment. Hair A progressively longer and present on segments III-VIII.
Paddle
more than twice the length of segment VIII,
the terminal spicule developed.
Larva - (fig. 112). Head elongate. Hair 1 simple and curved. Hairs 2 and
3 simple, 2 long, slender, 3 short, broad and blunt. Clypeal index 2,2. Hair 2~simple
and slender ; 7 simple and slender as well as 8 ; 13 double and slender ; 14 simple
and slender. Antenna short, smooth, hair 11 simple, small and inserted in the
middle ; hair 10 long and simple. Outer saber short and blunt, inner long and
pointed.
Body with the hairs in spiny bunches resembling species of Sabethini. Prothorax with hairs 1 and 2 in spiny bunches, 3 feathered. Hair 6 very long, simple
and feathered in segments I-VI.
Dorsal plate of anal segment strongly hairy, the
saddle hair double long. Pecten with long scales and a few short ones.
Type locality Guatemala,
Quezaltenango, Cerro Quemado. Type in
Entomotkca de Sanidad Pfiblica de Guatemala.
Distribution Guatemala
: Mexico, Oaxaca : Panama.

Anopheles
1906

Anopheles

1917

Howard,

1918

Dyar,

1925

Bonne

Dyar
Dyar

Ins.

Ins.

(AnopheIes)
& Knab,
& Knab,
Mens.,

& Bonne-Wepster,

Proc.

Biol.

Mon.,
12

Sot.

4 : 989.

171.

Mos.

Sur.,

Dyar & Knab, 1906.

vestitipennis

529.

Wash.,

19

136.

173

ANOPHELINI

1926

Johnson,

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

Am.

& Aris,

J. Trop.

Am.,

1929

Boyd

1942

Komp,

Nat.

1943

Russell

& al.,

1947

Paul

1949

Castellanos

1949

Lane

1950

Vargas

Am.
Ins.

J.

Trop.

Hlth.,

Keys

& Bellerive,

153.

Nat.

Am.

Med.,

Bul.

to the

J.

& al.,

(in Boyd),

Med.,

458.

An.

& Palacios,

Est.

Mal.

Tax.

40, 44,

53,

of the World,
Sot.,

J. Trop.

Malariology,

11 : 295.

179

Med.,

Mos.

63.

29

97,
34,

142.
50.

34.

407.
An.

Mexico,

96.

Female Proboscis longer than fore femur, covered with blackish scales.
Palpus slightly shorter than proboscis, with blackish scales except at joints where
there are sparse yellowish ones. Occiput with forked blackish scales except at
vertex where there are proclinate yellowish ones and broad white ones on ocular
margin.
Thorax with blackish integument. Pronotal lobe with erect blackish scales.
Mesonotum reddish, mottled with indistinct marks on sides of prescutellar area ;
with yellowish scales on anterior promontory and over the roots of wing. Scutellum
yellowish scaled. Postnotum nude, brownish. Pleura mottled and with transversal white bands.

Fig.

11X.

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

on Vargas

& Palacios,

vestitipennis

1950,

Est.

Wing.
Dyar
& Knab,
1906.
Tax.
310s. An. Mexico,
fig. 38 A).

(Based

Wing (fig. 113) mostly dark scaled. Costa with five small spots of yellowish
scales, the basal one divided ; 1st. vein with a yellowish basal spot and scattered
scales of this color besides two yellow apical spots in continuation to the apical
ones of the costal vein ; 2nd. vein with a few yellowish scales at base of fork ;
upper fork with a small mesial spot ; 3rd. vein with yellow spots alternating with
the black ones, five in number ; 4th. vein with four small, yellow spots on stem,
two on upper branch and one on the lower ; 5th. vein with two spots on stem,
one on base of upper and another in the middle of lower branch ; 6th. vein with
five small yellowish spots. Haltere with white stem and blackish knob.
Legs mottled with yellowish spots which are variable.
Front femur with
eight ; mid one with six and hind one with seven external spots. Front tibia with
eleven, mid with seven and hind one with six spots. Tarsus I of foreleg with five
white spots, II and III white at base and apex, IV and V blackish. Mid tarsus I
with five small white spots. Hind tarsus I with five white spots, II and III with
two spots in the middle and apex ; IV white at base and apex ; V blackish.
Abdomen blackish with brownish hairs and no scales.
Male - Antenna plumose, three fourths the length of proboscis.

Genitalia : (fig. 114). Kemp (1942) : - Sidepiece short, thick, very slightly
tapered toward t,ip, with scales and setae on outer portion. Two parabasal spines
present ; the more dorsal long, slender, tapering, with curved tip. The other spine
shorter, thicker with curved tapering tip. Internal spine on ventral aspect about
two-t,hirds distance from base to tip of sidepiece, very long, slender, tapering, with
curved tip. Clasper slightly longer than sidepiece ; the base nearly straight, apex
abruptly curved and slightly widened, with a small blunt terminal spine. Mesosome
with two leaflets. Shaft long, incompletjely tubular, slightly widened at base, the
lateral arms very long and divaricate.
Leaflets very long, nearly three-quarters
the length of shaft ; slender somewhat widened at middle, with sharp pointed
tips. Claspette lobes with dorsal lobe high, conical, bearing at its tip two or three
closely appressed spines with slightly clubbed tips. Ventral lobe rounded, setose,
with a long stout apical hair, and one or two smaller accesory hairs. Ninth tergite
sclerotized, bandlike, with long projecting lateral processes. Anal lobe high, conical,
setose to tip ; hhe paraprocts poorly developed.

Fig. 114. -

Anopheles
(Anopheles)
vestitipennis
Dyar & Knab, 1906.
Mesosome and lobes of claspette.
(Based on Komp, 1942,
ribbean Region, Figs. 116 and 117).

Male genitalia.
An. of the Ca-

Pupa - (fig. 115). Tube quadrate, divided in two portions, one of them with
an anterior flap. Cephalothorax with short hairs.
Abdomen (last five segments only) with segments spiculose on hind margin,
unicolorous. Hairs B, B. 1 and C small and discreet, never more than half the length
of segment ; A on IV-VII
and feathered on VIII.
Paddle one and one third the
length of segment VIII,
serrate on out,er margin, pilose at apex ; terminal hair
short and bifid.

175
-__

ANOPHELISI

Larva - (fig. 116). Hair 2 long, simple,

before the middle in successive dichotomies ;
branches ; 8 and 9 moderate and branched ;
Antenna sparsely spiculose, hair 11 two thirds
hair 10 slender short and simple.

Fig.
Fig.

115.

a few branches apically ; 3 divided

4 very short and with two or three
14 small and simple ; 13 branched.
the length of antenna and branched,

115.

Fig.
( Anopheles)

Anopheles

Dyar

vestitipennis

&

Knah,

116.
1906.

Tub

of

pups.

Original.
Fig.

116.

Anopheles
head hairs

(Anopheles)
vestitipennis
Dyar
&
and prothoracic
hairs.
(Prothoracic

Knab,
hairs

Clyped

Larva.

1906.
based

on

Komp,

1942).

Prothoracic hair 1 small and feathered, 2 long and feathered, 3 short and
simpie.
Abdomen : Hairs 6 and 7 on segments I and II as usual, only 6 on III, a
little shorter, 6 on IV and V divided in two or three branches ; palmate tufts on
I and II discreet, on III to VI large and developed.
Egg - Illustrated by Kumm (1841).
Type locality Guatemala.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Mexico to Cen tral America : Colombia and Cuba : Puerto
Rico: Jamaica and Dominica.

Anopheles
1906

Myzomyia

Neiva,

1908

Peryassb,

OS Cul.

(Anopheles)
Brazil

1926

Prado,

An.

1941

GalvHo

& Barretto,

1942

Coutinho

1947 Coutinho,
1949

Lane

(In

Paul.

Med.,

Univ.
Boyd),

An.

288.

Hyg.,

11

20

1906).

101.
12

Rev.

& Farias,

Med.,

Brazil,

(Neiva,

tibiamaculatus

3.

Biol.

AC. Bras.

S. Paula,
Malario!ogy,

Fat.

Sci.,

Med.
1

14

67

1941 Galviio,

Ar.

Zool.

S. Paula,

569.

343.

(Thesis),

55.

404.

Femule - Proboscis blackish, labellum with white scales. Palpus as long as

proboscis, with blackish scales except at apex where they are white ; segment I
with erect scales ; II one fourth longer than I ; III half the length of I with blackish
scales on basal half, the distal one with white ones ; IV shorter than III and complet,ely covered with white setae and scales. Antenna with scape reduced, brown ;

176

ANOPHELINI

torus light brown ; flagellum with the first segment a little thicker than others
and dorsally covered with long, broad white scales ; II with basal verticil, with
short pilosity and smaller than I ; other segments subequal and as long as II.
Occiput with long, slender, proclinate tuft of scales at vertex and erect, broad and
forked ones behind ; ocular margin with blackish setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish with an upper tuft and two lower setae.
Mesonotum with integument white pruinose in the midde, the sides blackish ;
covered with sparse white scales and narrow, curved white scales anteriorly ;
acrostichal and dorsocentral setae short, longer ones on the sides and over roots of
wing. Scutellum dark in the middle, in continuation to the median band, on the
sides light brown with two rows of marginal setae. Postnotum blackish.
Wing with narrow scales as in fig. 117. Squamula with complete fringe.

Fig.

117. -

An~pheles

(Anopheles)

tibiamaculatus

(Neiva,

1906).

Wing.

(Courtesy of

Dr. A. L. A. GaMo).

Legs : Coxae yellowish. Femora and tibiae as well as tarsi blackish except
on the articulations which are lighter. Hind tibia (fig. 118) with an extensive white
spot which does not form a ring.

Fig. 118. -

Anopheles

( Anopheles)

tibiamaculatus

(Neiva,

1906).

Leg. Original.

-4bdomen with blackish tergites except at base where they are brown and
sparsely covered with hairs ; sternites with the same color and covering as tergites.
Male - Coutinho & Farias (1942) : - Apresenta OS caracteres de colora@o
das femeas. Trompa muito longa e delgada, Spice mais claro. Palpos negros - 3.0
segment0 negro corn anel branco apical incomplete ; 4.0 segment0 branco corn
anel negro na base. Antena muito plumosa.
Terminalia muito pequena e muito tipica. Pega lateral curta, conica,
comprimento 6 mais ou menos 2 vezes a largura. Algumas escamas no b&do lateral
e numerosos ~610s nas faces dorsal e ventral. Espinhos basais em nfimero de dois,
sendo o externo mais longo, ambos implantados em tuberculos individuais, pouco
pronunciados. Espinho interno longo, mais muito fino confundindo-se quase corn
OS espinhos caducos. Nono tergito bem desenvolvido, formado por duas placas
quitinosas muito tipicas, repousando sobre as peGas laterais, separados em dois
elementos, urn de cada lado. Pinceta - Lobo ventral formado por urn tuberculo
saliente tendo no &pice urn par de foliolos, 1 achatado e terminando em spice
arredondado e outro tambern achatado e de Spice afilado. Lobos dorsais muito

177

ANOPHELINI

baixos, formados por tuberculo discreto terminados por urn espinho no hpice,
&tes lobos s&o dificeis da vi&o, s6 se tendo uma idea perfeita dissecando a peqa
lateral, a qua1 est6 acolado. Lobo anal alto, membranoso, hialino, corn numerosas
estrias e glabro. Mesosoma muito tipico, (fig. 119) formado de duas hastes laterais
quitinosas ligadas por urn septo transparente. 0 t&co apical B dilatado e quitinoso.
A metade basal 6 formada pelas hastes do mesosoma dando de cada lado uma
espansgo larga, transparente de onde partem, de cada lado, urn apendice digitiforme
em forma de espinho, parecendo 1 par de foliolos dirigidos para o Spice do mes6soma
e meio divergente. 536 dissecando a peGa 6 que se tern uma id&a perfeita da forma
do mes6soma. PinGas longas e fortes, seu tamanho 6 mais ou menos igual B peqa
lateral.

Fig.
Fig.

119.

Fig.

119.

Anopheles

some.
Fig.

121

(Anopheles)

(Based

Anopheles

on

(Anopheles)

and lobes
Region,

Anopheles
Anophdes

1906

Dyar

1917

Howard,

I922

Root,

1925

Bonne

Am.

1926

Hoffman,

1928

Dyar,

J.

Boyd

& Aris,
Pto.

Komp,
Carr

1942

Komp,

Y.

Ent.

Sot.,
4:

Theobald, 1901.

grabhami

14

176.

1006.

Sur.,

id.,

274

1924 Root,

id.,

pl. 4.

517.

377.

J. Trop.

J. Pub.

Med.,

Hlth.

9 : 309 ; 1931 Carley,

& Trop.

Med.,

id.,

11 : 295.

381 ; 1936 Earle,

Bol. As. Med.

228.
Am.

As. Adv.

& Melendez,
Nat.
& Hill,

Sci.,

90

1941

Am.

J. Trop.

Med.,

Inst.

Hlth.

Bul.

Am.

J.

1942

Carr

i$42

Russell

1947

Paul

& Bellerive,

1949

Lane

(in Boyd),

& al.,

Mesosome
Caribbean

205.

1923 Root,

Mos.
6

1901.
Male
genitalia.
1942,
Anophelines
of the

457.

Am.

Rico

Mon.,

2 : 396 ;

J. Hyg.,

Am.,

Earle,

1941

Hyg.,

Am.

Mos.

1929

1942

N.

& Knab,

Theobald,
on Komp,

Male
genitalia.
MesoBras.
Ci., 14:
346).

Unknown.
State of Minas Gerais, Oliveira. Type in I. 0. C.
State of Minas Gerais, S. Paulo, Goi6z and Mato

Cul.,

& Bonne-Wepster,

1932

28:

Mon.

J.

Dyar

(Based
and 115).

(Anopheles)

Theobald,

& Knab,

& Farias,

grabhami

of clasp&e.
figs. 114,

Pupa, larva and egg Type Zocality - Brad,

Distribution Brasil,
Gross0
.

1901

Neiva,
1906.
1942,
An. AC.

tibiamaculatus

Coutinho

121.

Keys
J.

Trop.
to the
Nat.

Mariology,

179

Med.,
An.

52, 96,

141.

22 : 599.
Sot.,
406.

id.,

104.

22 : 59 ; 1942 Carr

of the World,

Mal.
1

Rozeboom,

62.

32.

& al., id.,

22

70.

Pto.

Rico

Female - Proboscis dark brown and as long as fore femur. Palpus nearly ati-*.
long as proboscis, dark brown ; segment II with erect scales. Antenna with blackish torus ; flagellum three fourths the length of proboscis and very sparsely
pilose. Occiput with forked, dark brown scales except above and on vertex where+
they are white and forked, mixed with others that are long and slender ; vdrtes
with white setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, with dark brown setae and an upper
tuft of broad brown scales. Mesonotum light brown, whitish pruinose, with three
dark spots, one on each side and tho othpr on prescutellar region ; peppered with
small dots which correspond to bhe insertions of setac ; acrostichal and dorsocentral as well as supralar setae whitish, there are slender, curved scales of this co101
chiefly over root of wing and on a tuft on anterior promontory which is bordered
with dark brown scales. Sctiellum brown, pruinose, with a dark spot in the center,
the marginal setae and scales pale. Postontum dark brown in the middle and
pruinose on the sides. Pleura with darker spots.
Legs : Femora and tibiae peppered with small spots,. femoro tibia1 and tibia
tarsal joints lighter. Tarsi with small white rings on all Jomts.
Wing with broad scales predominating on costal region (fig. 120). Scales
bunched on the forks. Haltere with whitish stem and blackish knob.

Fip. 120. -

AnopheIrs

(Anopheles)

grabhami

Theobald.

1901.

Wing.

Originnl.

_\bdomen dull blackish with brownish setac.

Male - (fig. 121). Basistyle attenuated at apex, short ; two parabasal &act,
the rsternal long and curved at apex, the internal shorter, thick and blunt at apex ;
internal seta on apical fourth, curved and pointed at apex. Claw subapical, blunt
and short. Claspettes with external lobe short with two flattened sctae at apex,
one of them shorter ; internal lobe pilose with a strong seta inserted on a peduncltt
and two slender, pointed ones. Mesosome with a pair of leaflets at, apex, one of
them is long, broad and lanceolate, below it the second seta is short, slender and
blunt at apex.
Pupa -- Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 122). Head : Hairs 2 very close together, long, slightly pennate,
3 dichotomized from near base into twenty branches in a fan shaped arrangement ;
4 small and branched ; 5, 6 and 7 branched, the internal longer ; 8 reaching the
frontals and with seven branches ; 9 shorter with seven branches and near the
suture : 12 branched. Antenna short, thick, spiculose ; hair 11 on basal fourth
or fifth ; sabers long, pointed and serrate in one margin, the cone long, the fingel
small ; terminal hair long and with two or three branches.
Thorax : Prothorax with hairs 1, 2 and 3 inserted in separate sclerites ; 1
slender and half as long as 2 ; 2 long, slender and strongly branched : 3 slender,
simple and half as long as 1.
Abdomen : Hair 1 with five branches on segment I, ten on II and on segments
1 II-VII
in tufts of broad leaflets, the sides serrate and the apex pointed ; Hair 2
,c)f segment II anterior to 1, very large and with six branches, on segments IV and
\ double and short ; hair 6 of segments TV and T l?ng and generally double, in

.1S

Fig.

122.

F, I, I N

Anopheles
(Anopheles)
grabhami
(Based
on
prothoracic
hairs.
Region,
figs. 63 and 64).

179
-

Theobald,
1901.
Larva.
Komp,
1942,
Anophrlines

Clypeal
of the

hairs
and
Caribbean

VI absent. Spiracular apparatus normal. Pecten with twenty teeth irregularl?

distributed in long and short ones, the long ones three times thr length of the
short ones.
Egg Unknown.
Type localfty - Jamaica.
Typo in B. M.
Lkstribution - Cuba:
Haiti:
S. Domingo:
Porte
Hico : Jamaica
:

St.

Thomas

1878

dnoplteles

Virgin

Anopheles

Panama.

(Anopheles)

Arribalziiga,

1883 _4lribalzAga,
2

Islands

El Nat.

Cat.

Dipt.

Roll.

ArribalztLga, 1878.

annulipalpis

A4rg., 1
La

149 ; 1883 Arribalz;ip:t.

Ilat:c,

Bol. Ac. Nav.

1891 Arribnlz6ga,

Rev.

Cien.,
Muc.

114

T>n 1lnt:t

137.

1901

Theobald,

1912

Breth&,

Xlon.

1915

Neiva.

1916

Bretlk,

1919

Prtrocchi,

Rev.

1927

Shannon

& Del

1928

Dgar,

Bol.
La

Sern.

Au.

Alo*.

1939 _4lvarado
Russell

1943

Rlullin-Diaz,

1949

Lank

Med.,

48

B. A.,

Bart.

1910

Veg.,

B. A.,

Ponte,

B. A.,
Ins.

bol.

Biol.,

Theobald,
1

id.,

84.

: 13.

: 1.

2 :

Rev.

299.

299

Bact.

H.

1983 letrowh1,
-4.. 3

id..

: 10.

17.

4%.
Ionte,

Keys
Com.

(in Boy-d),

211

J Pat.

Nat.

Ins.

Am.,

& al.,

Ent.

Mus.

& Del

1943

Cut.,

Ins.

388.

to the _4n. of the World,

Zool.,

Mus.

Malariology.

N.

H..

406.

43.

Alontevidbo,

1.

Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark scaled, labellum elongate

and lighter. Palpus slightly shorter t.han proboscis, dark except for spots of white
scales ; segment II with erect scales ; III with three small spots of white scales ;
IV with two spots ; V with a single white spot at apex. iZntenna with brown
torus ; flagellum filiform and pilosc, slightly shorter than length of proboscis,

180

ANOPHELIN.1

verticils formed by a few short hairs, the first seven segments with sparse white
scales. Occiput brown, lighter on margins and darker in the middle and in front,
insertions of scales leaving darker spots ; covered with light brown scales, darker
below and whitish near vertex ; tuft of vertex formed by white slender, proclinate
setae and scales ; ocular setae blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown, darker above. Mesonotum with pruinose
areas and darker stripes corresponding to the insertions of acrostichal and dorsocentral setae which are small and brown ; there are also numerous smaller dots ;
covering of narrow, golden scales, elongate whitish scales in front and over root of
wing. Scutellum light brown except in the middle and sides where it is dark brown,
the dots dark brown ; covered with filiform golden setae and scales. Postnotum
with darker integument in the middle.
Legs (fig. 123) dark, peppered with white spots. Fore pair ; femur and tibia
yellowish internally, externally with dark scales and numerous white spots ; tarsus
I with seven white spots, II to IV with apical white rings, V dark. Mid pair :
femur and tibia as in fore pair ; tarsus I with a variable number of rings, II and
III with apical white rings, IV and V dark. Hind pair : Femur, tibia and tarsus I
as in mid pair, II and III with white spots and end also covered with white scales,
last two segments white.

Fig.

123.

Anopheles

(Anophelcs)

annulipalpis

Arribtdzaga,

1878.

Leg.

Original.

Wing with narrow scales, the light ones cream colored (fig. 124). Haltere
with stem except apex white ; apex of stem and knob black.
Abdomen dark brown, sparsely covered with galden hairs ; cerci with sparse
blackish scales and a few golden ones on lower portion.
Male and pupa - Unknown.
Larva - Characters from Alvarado & Del Ponte (1939) : - Head : Hairs 2
close together, single, with very discreet, appressed hairs on apical half ; 3 branched,
one of the branches thicker than the others ; 4 branched ; 8 and 9 branched and
small. Antenna spiculose, antenna1 hair branched. Head with sclerotized spots.
Anal segment quadrate, a dorsal strongly quitinized, spinose plate.
Egg Unknown.
Type locality - Argentina,
Buenos Aires. Type in M. L. P.
Distribution Argentina
and Uruguay.

Fig.

124.

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

annulipalpis

Arribhlzaga,

1878.

Wing.

Original.

181

ANOPHELINI

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

1911

Anopheks

Lutz

& Neiva,

1921

Peryassfi,

Ar.

1925

Bonne

1933

Shannon,

Proc.

Ent.

Sot.

1937

Gabaldon,

Pub.

Div.

Mal.,

Mus.

Nat.

Rio,

& Bonne-Wepster,

1943 Galvis,

Rev.

Fat.

1943

Russell

& al.,

Keys

1944

Causey

& al.,

Am.

1946

Cova-Garcia,

XII

1947

Deane

Rev.

& al.,

1947

Coutinho,

1948

Giglioli,

1949

Lane

(in Boyd),

syn.

1923

Anopheles

1925 Bonne

Hyg.,
San.

amazonicus

World,
1

Rept.

Med.,

19

457.

47.

50, 100,
1 :

140.

296.

37.

406.

Christophers,

& Bonne-Wepster,

J. Trop.

55.

Guiana,
1

Pub.,

(Thesis),

Malarioloey,

Am.

2.

Sau.

Br.

1939 Gabaldon,

23.

Panam.,

Esp.

Serv.

12

297.

135.

1 : 197 ;

of the

39

3 :

543

35

BogotB,

Cruz,

13.

Caracas,

S. Paulo

Med.

0.

Sur.,

Wash.,

Serv.

Contr.

1926 Bequaert,

23

to the An.
J.

Conf.

Univ.
Mos.

Ins.

Mos.

Med.,

Lutz & Weiva, 1911.

mattogrossensis

Mem.

Mos.

Sur.,

Rice-Harvard

An.

Trop.

Med.

& Par.,

18

72.

543.
7th.

Exp.

Amazonas,

202.

Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark brown. Palpus dark brown
with very small rings on joints of segments II-V, scales shaggy chiefly at base.
Antenna with brown torus ; flagellum t,wo thirds the length of proboscis, sparsely
pilose, first two segments with yellowish scales. Occiput densely covered with
light brown, forked scales except for a small anterior spot and vertex which have
forked and slender white scales intermixed with the proclinate yellow setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, the setae dark brown. Mesonotum with
light brown integument ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae dark brown,
sparsely covered with filiform golden scales. Scutellum slightly darker in the
middle, the marginal setae long, brown, small golden scales over the rest. Postnoturn blackish. Pleura with darker regions, the setae yellowish.
Legs (fig. 125) dark-brown except the femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal joints
which are whitish. Tarsi dark except the fore and mid ones which have narrow
apical rings and the hind ones with rings on the four basal tarsi distally.

Fig.

125.

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

mattogrossensis

Lutz

&

Neiva,

1911.

Leg.

Original.

Wing with inflated scales (fig. 126). Haltere with brown stem, blackish knob
and a few white scales on stem and knob.

Fig.

126.

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

mattogrossensis

Lutz

& Neiva,

1911.

Wing.

Original.

182

>\SOPHELIICI

Male - Characters taken from Gabaldon (1939) : - Genitalia : (fig. 127)

Basal spines emerging very close together from a lobe-like st,ructure near the base
of baaistyle, with sharp, curved point of same thickness but outer one longer ; a
very distinct internal spine inserted near the middle of basistyle and much longer
than the basal spines. hfcsosome with only a pair of apical leaflets with smooth
surface, broader basally and longer than width of mesosome. Claspettes with two
conical ventral lobes covered with rather long hairs ; each lobe has three slender
apical spines, t#he middle one longest ; apparently two stout spines on a partl)formed lateral lobe are fused and form a club-like structure.

Fig.
Fig.

127.

127.

Anopheles

(Based
Fir.

3 28.

Anopheles

hairs.

Fig.
(Anopheles)

on

Gnbnldon,
(Anophetes)

mattngroswnsis

1939,

Am.

J.

mattoproswnsis

128.

LutL
&
Trap.
Ned.,

Sciva,
1911.
fig. 1).

Male

T,utz&

Neiva 1 1911
*
.

Larva.

gcnitalilr

Clp?nl

Ori.qinnl.

Lawn - (fig. 128). Head with darker spots on integument . Hair 2 sirnpltb Ltntl
feathered ; 3 in a tuft beyond base. Clypeal index 2,5. Hair 4 in a tuft, short :
S and 9 long and branched (7/S branches) ; 14 moderate, double, 13 small and
branched. Antenna spiculose ; hair 10 below middle, in a tuft and two thirds the
length of segment.
Thorax : Prothoracic hair 1 a palmate tuft, 2 long ard
branched, 3 ver)
short and simple.
Abdomen : Hair 6 long and branched on segment I-III, 011 IV long and double
011 V very
small. Hair 7 developed only on segment II. Palmate tufts of segments
I-VII
discreet in I and II. Pectcn with long teeth usually alternating with two
short ones.
Egg - Demc,
Causcy BcDeane (1944) : - (fig. 129) Strongly concave dorsally with very pointed tips ; exposed surface showing reticulated polygonal pattern
except on narrow dorsal longitudinal band enclosed by narrow and sinuous frill,
slightly broadened at extremities ; floats broad and long with about 40 ridges ;
in many eggs frill not continuous but interrupted, usually near center of egg, and
in some specimens showing one or more isolated small areas along longitudinal
lines.
Type locaKy - Brasil,
State of Mato Grosso, Manicor&
Type in I. 0. C.
-Dislribzrtion -.CAombia
: Venezuela
: _Brasil, Amazon Valley.

Fig.

129.

Anopheles
(Anopheles)
mattogrossensis
Causey,
Deane
& Deane,
1947,
Rey.

Fiq.

134.

Anopheles
(Arrihalzagia)
Causey,
Deane
k Deane.

Anopheles
1908
1913
1924
t925
1928
1928
1930
1931
1942
1942
1943
i943
19%4
1944
1946
1947
1947
1947
1948
1949
1950
syn.

LutL
Serv.

& Neiva,
1911.
Esp.
Sau,
Pub..

P:xg.

1i.

l<;gz:.
peryassul
I)yar
& Knab.
1908.
1947.
Rev.
Sew-. Esp.
San. Pnh.,

(Based

on

(Based

on

I : est.2).

(Anopheles)

peryassui

I>ya~

&

Klul),

: 33.

Anophcles pergassui Dyar

& Knah,
Iroc.
C. S. Nttt. Iln-.,
3.i
Knab,
8111. J. Trop.
Dis. & Prev. Med.,
1 : 36.
Bonne, Ned. Tijd.
v. Gen., 68.
Bonne $ Bonn+Wepster,
Mos. SW., 541.
Dyar,
Mos. Am., 460.
Lima,
Mem.
Ins. 0. Cruz, supl. 14
276.
Davis
& Shannon,
An. Ent. Sot. Am., 23
481.
Shannon,
Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 33
10
1933 Shttnnot~, id., 3.i
GalvBo
& al., .4r. Hig. 12 : 56.
Co&a
& Ramos,
Ar. Hiz.
& Hau. Pub., 7
38.
Galvis,
Rev. Fat. Med.,
BogotB.
12
24.
Russell & al., Keys to the An. of the World,
48.
Causey & al., Am. J. H\-g.,
39
Unti
& Ramos,
Sr. Hi?. & Sau. Pub., 8
25.
Cova-Garcia,
XII
Conf. San. Panam.,
1 : 49, 99, 141.
Deane
& al.. Rev. Serv. Esp. Sau. Pub., 1
296, 323, 341,

:
;

: 2.

: 1:i.i.

X2.

Coutinho,
Univ.
de S. Paula,
(Thesis),
55.
Floch & Abonnencs, Ins. Pasteur
Guy:me,
144
Giglioli,
MOP. Contr.
Serv. Br. Guiana,
37.
Lane (in Boyd),
Malariology,
1
406.
Kuyp,
Kon. Ver. Ind. Inst.,
89
46 et sen.
1907 Manguinhosia
lutzi Crux (ner Cruz, 1901),

: 4.

:
:

cm

nv.

(:cn.

1908 Peryassd,
OS Cul. Brasil, 32.
1925 Anopheles alagoani Peryassb,
-1 Fl. Med.,
6
258.
1925 Anopheles celidopus Dyar
& Shannon,
J. Wash. AC. Sci.,
19% A. alagoani
& wlidopus
Dynr,
140s. Am., 460, 4.79.

l<I:ls.

13

.iu.,

: +I.

1.

1908.

184

ANOPHELINI

Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark brown. Palpus dark brown,
with small white rings on joint of segment I-II and II-III,
I with erect scales.
Antenna with blackish torus and a few small white scales superiorly ; flagellum
slightly shorter than length of proboscis, verticils yellowish, white scales on segment I. Occiput with light brown, forked scales except anteriorly and on vertex
where they are white and mixed with slender long ones.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with brown integument, covered with scales of this
color. Mesonotum with brown integument and small dark dots, also three dark
large spots, two of them anterior and the largest on prescutellar region ; sparsely
covered with narrow, yellowish scales, anteriorly a tuft of white, narrow, longer
scales ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae light brown. Scutellum darker
in the middle, marginal setae yellowish, a few smaller ones of this color. Postnotum
brown, lighter on the sides. Pleura light brown with darker regions.
Legs dark brown, joints of hind pair lighter. Tarsi with small apical white
rings except on last segment.
Wing (fig. 130) with normal scales. Haltere with light stem and dark knob.

Fig.

130. -

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

peryassui

Dyar & Knab,

1906.

Wing.

Original.

Abdomen dark brown, covered with hairs of this color. Last tergites densely
covered with yellow scales dorsally and blackish ones ventrally.
Genitalia : Basist,yle short,
Male - (fig. 131). Shannon & Davis (1930) : rather thick ; the dististyle distinctly longer ; appendicle short and thick ; two
parabasal spines, no internal spine ; phallosome extends beyond the apical margin
of claspet,te lobe, with four to five well developed leaflets, the apical ones being
equal to one-half the length of phallosome ; claspette lobe short and broad, the
outer spines three in number, slender and situated very close together ; but one
marginal spine.
Pupa - (fig. 132). Trumpet prolonged posteriorly with a deep notch, similar
to that found in Arribalxagiu ; eighth abdominal spine simple ; paddles much
longer than broad, the rib slightly mesad of the middle ; terminal hair simple ;
spines on exterior margin very minute, but the apical and almost the entire inner
margin with a fringe of fine hairs.
Larva (fig. 133). Antenna with a small sub-basal five branched hair ;
inner anterior clypeals simple, well approximated ; outer clypeals thickly branched
with more than 50 ultimate branches ; posterior clypeals small, with five branches,
inner anterior thoracic hairs small with about seven slender branches ; palmate
hairs of the Arribulxugiu type present on segments one to seven, t,hose on segments
one and two with slender leaflets ; plumose hairs on lateral margins of segments
one to three, double on segment four and five, the remainder single ; pect,en with
alternating long and short teeth, the short ones only with marginal setae ; seven
to eight well developed grapling hairs.

185

dNOPHELIN1

131.
Fig.

Fig.

131.

133.

133.

Anopheles
(Anopheles)
on Shannon
& Davis,

peryassui
1930,
An.

Anopheles
(Anopheles)
peryassui
(Deane,
Causey
& Deane,
1947,

Dyar
Ent.

& Knab,
1908.
Sot. Am.,
23:

Dear
Rev.

& Knab,
1908.
Serv.
Esp. Sau.

Male
pl. 4

genitalia.
fig. 15).

(Based

Larva.
Clypeal
hairs.
Pub.,
1: fig. 48).

Egg - Causey, Deane & Deane (1944) : - (fig. 134). Floats long, narrow,
laterally placed, curved in wide arc approximating
each other at anterior and
posterior ends of eggs, formed by about 22 ridges with filamentous extensions longer
toward extremities of egg, the 2 or 3 ridges at center usually devoid of these extensions ; exochorion showing hexagonal pattern over exposed surface . . ..

Fig.

132.

Anopheles
(Anopheles)
peryassui
dorsal.
(Based
minal
segments,
25
figs.
19 and
20).
Am.,

Dyar
& Knab,
1908.
Pupa.
Tube
on Shannon
& Davis,
1930,
An.

and
Ent.

abdoSOC.

Type Zocdity Brad,

State of Minas Gerais, Bicudos. Type in I. 0. C. ?
Di&ibution
Surinam
: Colombia,
Meta, Restrepo : Brad,
States
of Par& Minas Gerais, Bahia, Amazonas, S. Paulo, Go&, Mato Grosso, AlagBas :
Peru,
Iqultos.

Subgenus LOPHOPODOMYIA
1937

Lophopodomyia

Antunes,

1941

Arthuromyia

Gnlvlo,

Ar.

1943

Arthuromyia

Deane

& al.,

1943

Lopltopodomyia

1949

Arthuromyia

Vargas,

Bul.

Ent.

Dep.

Zool.

Pap.

Rev.

S. Paulo,

Av.

Ins.

Dep.

y Sal.

(as Pgn. of Lophopodomyia)

Antunes, 1937.

28 : 39 --

Res.,

Zool.,
& Enf.

Deane,

:
3

type
564 --

quamifemur
type

Antulle\,

gileni

(Neiva,

1937.
1908).

167.

Trop.,
Dexue

57.

R- Damascwro.

Rev.

HIM.

Biol.,

9 (4) :

197-504.

Characters
Adult : Wing with three spots on costal region ;
3rd. vein with a greater number of blackish than of whitish scales,
these restricted to base ; 6th. vein like 3rd., the white scales restricted
to the middle of vein. Abdomen without scales and covered only by
hairs. Legs with a tuft of long, erect scales on hind femur (squamifemur)
or without it (other species). Tarsi with small rings. Male genitalia
with four basal setae on basistyle, not inserted on tubercles ; internal
sets quite detached ; claspette with atrophied lobe.
Pupa - Tube uniform and without notch ; abdomen with element A simple except on segment VIII where it is fringed ; paddle
ending by a straight seta with dense fringe on margin.
Larva - Hairs 5, 6 and 7 branched ; prothoracic and met,athoracic
groups with long branched setae, tuft 1 of abdomen distinct and developed, the elements irregular at apex ; abdomen with segment VI with
hair 6 long and developed.
Egg - Not characteristic.
Bionomics - Sylvan mosquitoes ; females seek a blood meal on
man and animals at twilight. Aquatic stages are passed on shaded
side pools of streams rich in organic mater.
Anopheles

(Lophopodomyia)

1937

Anophelev

Antunes,

1943

Y:trgns,

Rev.

Ins.

Sal.

1943

(;:dvi~,

Rev.

Fat.

Med.,

1943

Russt~ll

1946

Floch

& r2bonnenc,

Ins.

1947

Deanr

& al., Rev.

Serv.

Bras.

& al.,

Biol.,

Keys

Bul.

Ent.

Rcs.,

y Enf.

Troll.,

Bozotii.

to the

An.

Pasteur

squamifemur

28 :
4

12

of the
Guyane,

ICvp. Sau.

lrih.,

Antunes, 1937.

69.

37.

10.
Wor!d,
193

49.

1 ;

1 : 325 ;

1947 Floch
1949

Deane,

& Ahonncnc,
Deane

id.,

144

& Damasreno,

: 8.
Rev

: 497.

Pcmaie Proboscis blackish scaled, basally somewhat shaggy ; labellum

elongate and yellowish. Palpus as long as proboscis, segment II slightly longer
than I, III two thirds the length of II, IV slightly more than half as long as III,
with blackish scales except for a narrow apical ring of white scales at apex of
segments II and III a.nd nearly the distal two thirds of IV with these scales somewhat shaggy. Antenna with scape visible ; torus light brown, sparsely hairy ;
flagellum shorter than length of proboscis, segment I thicker, the verticil slightly
beyond the middle, other segments subequal, the verticils at base, the segments
with short pilosity, white, narrow, long scales present on flagellar segment I forming

_\.s

II

L I s

7x7

a tuft on apical internal margin. Vertex with long, slender, white, proclinate scales
which reach flagellar segment I. Occiput blackish, ocular setae blackish, in front
with white broad scales mixed with long ones, behind with blackish, broad scales,
all scales erect.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, with a few upper Mac.
AItsonotum
light brown with whitish pruinosity and two anterior spots and an area near
scutellum where the integument is blackish ; a small group of white scales on
anterior margin ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae modcrate, others over root of
wing, all golden. Scutellum the color of mesonotum except the mid portion which
has a black spot, ten marginal setae. Postnotum blackish. Pleura blackish with
lighter areas ; two lower mesepimerals and an upper mesepimeral.
Legs : For-c femur peppered with yellow, its tihia peppered with dark spots.
Tarsal segments I, II and III brown in the middle the end with white rings, I\
and V straw colored. Mid femur internally covered with white scales on a continuous stripe which nearly reaches the distal portion, the rest with blackish scales
except, a preapical and an apical white spot ; its tibia internally with cream colored
scales forming a continuous stripe which does not reach the distal portion, dorsall>
Tarsi internally with cream
with dark scales except for a peppering of white ones.
colored scales on a continuous stripe, externally tarsus I with dark scales and thretb
or four small white spots and a large apical one ; II Lvith blackish scales except
for a basal and an apical spot of white scales, III as II : IV with slightly darker
scales in the middle ; Y yellowish. Hind femur (fig. 13Fi) whitish internally, hla-

ckish externally except for IIUI~WOU

s white
spots, slightly 1~s than distal third
with a large tuft of erect black scales ; its tibia peppered with blackish scales. The
distal fifth completely whitish and with an internal seta ; tarsus I white at base
in continuation to the tibia1 apical ring, the rest with blackish scales except for an
apical ring ; II and III dark wit#h narrow apical rings ; IV and V completely dark.
Wing (fig. 136). Alula fringed. Squamula nude. Halterc with vellowislr
stem, knob blackish except base whirh is yellowish, with white and blackish sfaks
intermixed.

Pig.

136.

188

ANOPHELINI

Abdomen with light brown tergites, the sternites dark brown ; without
scales, moderately covered with quite long hairs ; cerci yellow, slender towards
apex, the scales of this color.
Male Antenna three fourths the length of proboscis, strongly plumose,
blackish at base, yellowish at apex. Palpus porrect.
Genitalia : (fig. 137). Basistyle ovate, twice as long as wide ; two strong
parabasal spines, the inner shorter, flattened, pointed ; the outer longer and hooked
at apex ; two internal spines, the inner much reduced, short, slender and pointed ;
the outer more than twice the length of the inner, slender, pointed. Dististyle one
fourth longer than basistyle, the claw at apex and pointed. Claspette with conical
outer lobe bearing a foliaceous seta at apex ; inner lobe spiculose. Anal lobe hyaline.
Mesosome elongate, with a strong leaflet at each side.

Fig.

137. -

Male genitalia.
squamifemur
Antunes, 1937.
(Lophopodomyid)
(Based on Deane, Deane & Damasceno, 1949, Rev. Bras. Biol., 9 (4) : 501,
figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5).
Anopheles

Pupa, larva and egg - Unknown.

Type ZocaLity- Colombia,
Restrepo, Meta,
Par&, Braganqa. Type in I. 0. C.
Distribution - Colombia
: French Guiana
Amazonas.

Vegagrande
:

Brasil,

; allotype

Brad,

States of Par6 and

tarsi nearly without hngs.

Wing with narrow scales (fig. 138).
knob.

Fig.

138.

Anopheles

(Lophopodomyia)

Haltere

gilesi

with yellowish stem and black

(Neiva,

190 8).

Wing.

Original.

790

.I

rr

T. I

.\bdomen with brown segments, covered with yellowish hairs.

Jfale - Palpus with segment I blackish ; II with a white ring at each end :
III with a white spot at apex ; IV with the spot on distal two thirds. Antenna
with long plumes, the apex lighter. Other characters as in female.
Genitalia : (fig. 139). Dististyle as long as basistyle, attenuated in t,he middle
and with a small seta on each side of the apical portion near claw. Basistyle slightlyconical, with many set,ae and scales laterally ; basal seta slender, curved and
pointed ; parabasal setae mesially inserted and on discreet tubercles, the external
longer, point, curved, the internal less curved ; internal seta slightly longer and
more slender than the parabasal ones ; claspette as a conical tuberclc ; a s
ingle
apical leaflet, spear shaped and slightly curved at apex, there is a small long,
slender seta, inserted on a subapical elevation of the claspette ; dorsal lobes of
claspette absent. Mesosome weakly sclerotized, without, leaflets, strongly curved
at the truncate apex. Anal lobe lit,tle sclerotized, rovered with very fine spiculosity,
the apex rugose, nude and nearly hpaline.

139.

Fig.

139. -

Anophe!es

141.

Fir.

141. -

gilesi
(Neiva, 1906).
Male
1937, Ar. Dep. Zool. S. Pado, 2: fig.

(Lophopodomyia)

Lane & Galvlo,

Egg. (Based on Deane,

Paul0 (10) : pl. 1).

Deane R- Cancey, 1943,

Pap.

genitalia.
3).
Ax-. Dep.

(Based on
Zool.,

S.

Pupa - Causey, Deane & Deane (1943) : mention the following characters :
- Tube slight,ly enlarged apically. Cephalothoraric setae with two to six branches
and small.
Abdomen : Hair B absent in II and VIII, with short and thick
branches on the other segments, shorter and fewer in III ; C present
in?V with thick and very short stem ending in eight, branches which
V and VII with slender stem and fewer branches ; ,C. 1 present only

stem slender
in II to VII,
are long ; in
in VT where

ANOPHELINI

191

it is shorter than in C ; A slightly sclerotixed, very small and spinelike in II to

IV, strong and divided a long distance from base in V and VII ending in three to
five branches, in VIII
with strong stem and eleven to fourteen long and slender
branches at apex. Apical seta long, stout and simple ; accessory seta slender and
simple. Paddle without teeth on external margin ; fringe over three-fourths of
distal portion of both margins.
Larva - (fig. 140). Head hair 2 long and simple, smooth and near 3 ; 3 short
and much shorter than 2, rarely simple, usually divided in two apically ; clypeal
index 3 or 4. Hair 4 very small, bifid, rarely simple or trifid ; 8 small slender and
divided near base : 9 small, strong and with two or three unequal branches.

Fir.

140.

Anopheles
(Lophopodomyia)
and abdominal
tufts.
(Based
Dep.
Zool., S. Psulo,
3 (1)

gilesi
(Keiva,
on Deane,

: pl. 1).

1908).
Larva.
Head,
protlloracic
Deane
8~ Ceusey,
194.7,
Pap.
-4~.

Abdomen : Tuft 1 present in segment I-VII, in I and VII smaller, in III and
IV larger, with broad leaflets serrate on margin beyond middle, the apex filamentous
and twenty to twenty five in number. Anterior plate of spiracular apparatus short,
broad, posterior margin concave ; segment IX with posterior plate of spiracular
apparatus without lateral expansions. Pecten with fourteen teeth which are
subequal.
Egg - (fig. 141). Em forma de bote, fortemente convex0 na parte ventral,
ligeiramente concave na dorsal ; exocorion corn pequenas bossas prateadas, elipticas ou arredondadas, distribuidas em toda a superficie do ovo, exceto na pore%
ocupaga pelos flutuadores e em pequena area situada em cada extremidade da face
dorsal, essas areas variam de tamanho, 60 irregularmente elipticas e rodeadas por
frill estreito, estriado ; flutuadores colocados lateralmente, muito afastados na
superficie dorsal, extendendo-se ao longo de quase t#odo o comprimento do ovo,
vistos dorsalmente OS gomos s&o muito sinuosos e n&o sdo individualizaveis
na
por@o media dos flutuadores, ventralmente stzo regulares e nitidos.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Minas Gerais, Rio das Velhas. Type in I.O.C.
Distribution - Brad,
States of Minas Gcrais and Mato Grosso.

192

Anopheles

NOPHELINI

(Lophopodomyia)

pseudotibiamaculatus

Galv%o & Barretto,

1941

Anopheles

1943

Russell

& al.,

1944

Cow&a

& Ramos,

1947

Coutinho,

1948

Lane,

1949

Rachou,

Galvno

Univ.

Rabello
Rev.

& Barretto,

Keys

Rev.

to the An.

Ar.

Hig.

& Sau.

de S. Paulo
& Gaeta,
Bras.

Mal.,

Ar.
1

Biol.

of the

Pub.,

(Thesis),
Fat.

Hyg.,

World,

Hig.

11

1941.

: 63.

48.
134.

56.
& Sau.

Pub.,

265.

39.

Female Proboscis slightly shorter than fore femur, dark brown ; labellum
lighter. Palpus dark brown ; segment I wit,h erect scales at base ; II with a basal
ring and a preapical internal white spot ; III and IV nearly completely covered
with white scales except at base. Antenna with reddish brown torus, a few white
scales dorsally ; flagellum three fourths the length of fore femur, verticils with
few hairs ; I with white scales. Occiput brown, covered with forked blackish
scales and white ones anteriorly and on vertex, mixed with long., slender white
proclinate ones which surpass antenna1 segment I ; vertex with whitish setae, oculars blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobes light brown with setae and scales of this color. Mesonotum dark brown except for a broad longitudinal band, whitish pruinose and
that broadens before middle and is without scales except for the white scaled anterior tuft formed by a few small ones ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae short and
yellowish, supralar ones longer and brown. Scut5ellum whitish except for a dark
brown spot in the middle, the marginal setae brown. Postnotum brown, darker in
the middle. Pleura brown with lighter areas.
Legs blackish. Anterior coxa light brown, the median and hind ones yellowish.
Femora with whitish bases and slightly lighter internally ; femoro tibia1 joints
whitish. Hind tibia with the apical quarter with white scales and integument.
Tarsi dark except tarsus I of hind pair which is slightly whitish internally.
Wing (fig. 142) with narrow scales. Haltere with white stem and black knob.

Fig.

142.

Anopheles

Wing.

(Lophopodomyia)

(Courtesy

of

Dr.

pseudotibiameculatus

A.

L.

A.

GalvSto

&

Barreto,

1941.

G&Lo).

Abdomen dark brown, sparsely covered with dark brown hairs ; cerci yellowish and covered with yellowish hairs.
Male - Similar to female. Palpus shorter than length of proboscis ; the last
two segments thickened and with blackish scales except the joints of I and II where
there are extensive spots and IV internally where there is a large white spot also.

_I

L I

193

hntenna nearly reaching third palpal joint ; strongly plumose, the plumes golden,
the segments whitish except for the two distal ones which are blackish.
Genitalia : (fig. 143). Basistyle elongate, three times the broadest width ;,
basal spine inserted in a very discreet elevation, very long, slender and pointed.
Parabasal setae inserted in distinct tubercles in the middle of basistyle, the external
slightly more slender and longer than the internal, both with expanded but pointed
apex. Dististyle nearly as long as basistyle, attenuated in the middle. Claw short,
thick and pointed. Claspettes on a developed tubercle, subconical, at apex with a
broad leaflet, distally expanded and blunt ; at base an accessory seta which is
long, slender and pointed. Mesosome without leaflets, tubular, curved at apex
which is truncate and weakly sclerotized. Anal lobe very weakly sclerotized and
finely spiculose at base, apes rugose. Ninth tergite wit,h separated lobes, they
are developed and nude.

143.
Fig. 143. -

Anopheles

144.
(Lophopodomyia)

Male genitalia.
Fig. 144. -

pseudotibiamaculatns

Galv%o

&

Barreto,

1941.

Basistyles, dististyle and mesosome.

Pupa.
Tube.
(Based on Lane,
Sau. Pub., 1: figs. 2, 3, and 4).

Rabello & Gaeta, 1948,

Cephalothorax with all hairs simple. (fig. 144).

Pupa reticulate, elongate, meatus large and nearly reaching base.

Ar. Fat.

Hig.

&

Tube externally

Abdomen : Segment I with the dendritic tuft developed ; II with hair B

strong and curved, this hair is small and slender on segments III-IV,
on segments
V-VII it is long, slender and nearly as long as segment. Hair A on segments V-VIII
progressively longer towards apex. Paddle large, ovate, with hairs which are everi
Terminal hair long and distinct.
longer at apex and internally.

1!)4
_-

-1

11 E

I,

Lurua - Head : Broader than long, evenly sclerotised except for a posterior
blackish ring. Hair 2 long and simple ; 3 simple and half as long as 2 ; 4 simple
and long ; 8 simple and moderate ; 9 simple ; 10 dichotomized ; 11 dichotomized
before basal third and with five or six branches ; 12 plumose ; 14 in three or four
branches. Antenna spiculose, chiefly on internal margin ; ventral saber pointed
and smooth ; dorsal saber hairy on internal margin and pointed.
Thorax with hair 1 in six branches, not, insertled on same self&e as 2 : 2
pcannate ; 3 simple. Other setae pennate.
Abdomen with hair 1 palmate, leaflets pointed at apex and hyaline distally.
Intersegmental plates small, those of II and III smaller. Segments I and II with
hairs 5 and 6 nearly the same size, plumose and inserted in a single sclerite. Segment
III with only hair 6 which is similar to those on preceeding segments. Segment
IV with only hair 6 which is slender and has sparse dichotomized branrhea. Pectcn
with long spines except for five small ones between them.
Type locality -

Brad,

State of S. Paulo, Magi das Cruzes.

Type in F. $1.

Distribution - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Magi das Cruzes, Sales6polis and
JuquiS ; State of S. Catarina, Palhoqa.

Anopheles

(Lophopodomyia)

vargasi

Gabaldon,

Cova-Garcia & Lopez, 1941.

1941

Anophdd-9(Arthummyia) Gabaldon,

Cova-Garcia

1943

Deane

1943 Russell

C al.,

Pap.

$ al.,

1946

Cova-Garcia,

1949

IJane

-4~.

Keys
XII

(in Hoycl),

Dep.

to the

Conf.

Zool.,
An.

San.

Malariolog> ,

oE the

Pnnanr.,

& Lopez,

Pub.

AId.,

7 : 23.

167.
World,
1

30.

: 52, 102,

14%.

402.

FernalP - Characters from Gabaldon, Cova-Garcia & Lopez (1941) : - Proboscis dark. Palpus nearly as long as proboscis, dark scaled, a gdod portion of
apex white. Antenna ; torus with scales : Occiput with dark scales, the vertex
with long white proclinate scales ; oculars dark.
Thorax : (fig. 145). Pronotal lobe with dark setae and scales. Mesonotum
with a broad white pruinose stripe nearly over whole surface leaving only a narrow
lateral dark margin ; covered with a tufh of white, long scales on promont80ry, the
rest of disk with yellowish setae. Scutellum with dark marginal s&ae.
Legs : (fig. 146). Cosac with long set,ae and narrow scales. Forr and mid
pairs dark ; hind lega dark wit,h white spots on joints.
Wing as in fig. 147.
Ahdomen wit,h long brown hairs.
Male -

(fig. 148).

Palpus as long as proboscis.

Antenna strongly plun~osc~.

Genitalia : Basistyle with the internal seta beyond middle, long and pointed ;
four parabasal setae,

one of them long, slender, pointed and more externally inserted, two st,out, thick, curved retae internally inserted, one of them shorter.
below bhese setae a short, sinuous seta. Mesosome elongate, broad, the margins
scotlprized. Claspettes with a conical ventral lobe ,cpding in a stout, blunt sets
and a smaller pointed spine internally inserted : dorsal lobe with two lanceolatc,
slender setae at apex.
Pupa -

(fig. 149). Tube with the apical margin somewhat depressed mesially.

Abdomen : Segments II-VII

with hair A very small; longer and pointed in
IV-VII
; hair B absent in II ; in III with three to seven branches, in the other
segments with four to ten branches and half to two thirds the length of segments ;

Fig.

Fig.

145.

148.

Fig. 150.

Fig. 140.
Fi::.

J I;.

Anopheles

(Lophopodonq-ia)

\ argasi

G~lXIId~~II,

Cor:>-(;;itci:\ & Loper,

104 1.

Mesonotum.
Fig. 146. -

Leg.

Pig. 347. -

Ring.

Fig. 144. -

Male genitalia.

Fig.

149. -

Pupa.

Pic.

1.50.

Larva. Clypeal hairs and prothoracic group. (All based on Gabaldon, Co\;1
Garcia & Lopez, 1941,
Pub. Div. Ma]., 7: figl. 2, fig. 3 and pk. 2 and
in part)

Abdominal

segments, tube and pa.cldles.

196

hair C with three to five branches on II-V, on VI and VII simple or with two or
three branches ; hair C. 1 present only on segment VT1and half as long as C, simple or trifid. Paddle with accessory seta bifid or trifid, terminal seta long, smooth
and simple, occasionally with two or three branches, the paddle is elongate and
has an index of 1,5 and the external border granulate on proximal fourth, spiculose
on second quarter and pilose on distal quarter.
Larua (fig. 150). Head with hair 2 simple, smooth and long ; 3 bifid,
smooth and much shorter than 2 ; clypeal index 2,5 ; 4 large and with six to ten
branches ; 8 simple, rarely bifid at apex ; 0
. small and with three to seven branches
beyond base.
Thorax : Tuft 1 of prothorax average and with ten to seventeen branches
2 long, thick and plumose ; 3 simple, average and pointed.

Abdomen : Segments I-VII with hair 1 very small, as a palmate tuft, slender
and with four to seven small branches on I, on the other segments it is large and
easily seen and rosette shaped, the leaflets elliptical and ending in a sharp point
with notches ; the number of elements from eleven to twenty two ; hair 6 in I,
II and III long, thick, strong and with many branches, plumose ; in IV, V and VI
as in I but with slender and fine branches near base ; in VII not as long as in IV ;
hair 7 in I and II long, strong and plumose, in III-VII
small, more ventral than
dorsal, slender, the branches inserted near base and with five to eighteen branches.
Egg - Gabaldon, Cova-Garcia & Lopez (1941). Tiene la forma corrient,e
de un bote, concave en el dorso y convex0 ventralmente, con el extremo anterior
rnas ancho que el posterior. La portion ant,erior de1 exocorion presenta una estructura semejante a un cue110de camisa que rodea el extremo anterior de1 huevo,
y se proyecta dorsalmente y hacia adelante. En la portion post.erior, se observa
t,ambien una estructura semejante a la ya descrita, pero mucho In& pequefia y
angosta. Los flotadores son laterales y dejan libre una superficie dorsal y otra
ventral, y alcanzan a veces las dos estructuras en cue110 de camisa de 10s extremos.
Los flotadores no muestran claramente sus compartimientos en la cara dorsal, pues
e&fin formados por una superficie con estrias muy irregulares ; en cambio ellos se
destacan bien cuando se mira el huevo lateralmente o por su cara ventral. Oscilan
entre 25 y 36 compartimientos, siendo de notar que a veces el flotador de un lado
t,iene m&s compartimientos que el de1 lado opuesto. En las caras dorsal y ventral
se encuentran porciones refringentes formadas por levantamientos de1 exorcorion
muy semejantes a 10s encontrados en 10s huevos de1 subgenero Nyssorhynchus.
2321

La longitud de1 huevo oscila entre 500 y 517,8 micras ; y su anchura entre
y 250 micras. Los flotadores tienen de 410,7 a 428,6 micras de large.

2ype locality - Venezuela,

Monagas, Quebrada de la Cueva de1 Guacharo.
Type in Museo

de la Division de Malariologia, Caracas, Venezuela.

Disttibution - That of type locality.

Anopheles

(Lophopodomyia)

oiketorakras

Osorno-Mesa, 1947.
1947

Anopheks

Osorno-Mesa,

Caldasia,

4 (2)

431-446.

Female - Proboscis blackish, slender, longer than fore femur ; labellum whit.ish. Palpus as long as proboscis, blackish, last segment white, I shaggy. Antenna
with brown torus ; flagellum slightly shorter than proboscis. Occiput with black
scales except in the middle where there is a large spot of white ones connected
with the white proclinate scales and setae t.hat overlap segment I of flagellum.
Thorax as in A. hectoris.
Wing with yellowish scales, the markings as in fig. 151. Haltere
and black knob.

with whit,e

.\

Fig.

151.

4nophrles

(Lophopadomyia)

11 R

1. I s

oiketorakras

Osorno-Mesa, 7947. Wine.

Legs dark. Hind tibia with a white ring on apical half.

tinct white marks on segments II-V.
Abdomen blackish with golden Mae.

Original.

Hind tarsi with indis-

Male - Proboscis one fifth longer than fort femur. Palpus longer than proboscis ; basal two segments blackish, narrowly white at joint, III whitish at base
and apex, IV with apical half white, the basal one black. Antenna with dense .vellowish hairs, nearly the length of proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 152). The following characters arc given in the original
diagnosis : - C
law blunt but attenuated at apes. Parabasal seta long, curved at
apes. Accessory setat-placed in a straight, oblique line. Mcsosome tubular. Ventral
lobe of claspette with terminal leaf slightly lanccolate and with very small internal,
preapical seta. Dorsal lobe of claspette with a strong, long, seta, the apical external
portion with two very slender leaflets.

.__
:
:il,.; .
,: I,
1

:..

.,

Fig.

152.

f.,

;:

*.

A. -

Anopheles

talia.

(Lophopodomyia)

oiketorakras

(Based on Osorno-X&n,

1947.

Omrno-Mesa, 1947.
CI71dtisic3,4: 445).

11~11~geni-

1~pu - Tube with the margin slightly tlcpresscd in the middle and very much
enlarged at, apes. Hair A of segment II small, nearly as long as corresponding hair
on segments III-IV,
its apex blunt ; of IV as long as that of III, its apex blunt ;
of 1 four and a half times as long as that of segment, IV, pointed ; of VI and VII
slightly longer than that of V ; of VIII longer than that, of VII, with three to five
long branches. apical hair of paddle spinelike, strong, long, pigmented and simple ;
the apex blunt but sometimes very sharp and curved at apex.

Larva - (fig. 152 B.). Head : Hairs 2 and 3 long, with lateral branches,
hair 4 long, sinuous, reaching hair 1, with sparse lateral branches. Hair 10 slender,
divided at apex in two or three branches.

Fig.

132.

1:.

Anophelos

(Lophopotlomyia)

pulniate
tuft
and
d;lGa,
4: 443).

oikctorakras

p~otliorncic

lrnirs.

Osowo-Mesa,
1947.
Lax~a.
Head.
(Based
on Osorno-Mesa,
1947,
Cel-

Abdomen : Hair 1 of segment I rudimentary with three leaflets inserted on

the stem ; in II-VIII
with broad leaflets which are not filamentous but have subapical notches ; apical hair of lateral papilla very long, simple, except,ionallv hifid :
basal hair of papilla very long, bifid, exceptionally simple.
Type locality - CIkdomhia,
(Cordillera Oriental), Bogota, Monserratc. Type
in U. S. N. M.
Distrihzltiorr That of type locality.

Anopheles
1049

iinophelvs

(Lophopodomyia)
Ar~tluzc

&

Cspdevielle,

guarao
Rol.

Ent.

Vm.,

Anduze & Capdevielle, 1949.

: 119.

Female Characters taken from original description. Proboscis long, slender, dark brown. Palpus dark, with golden scales at apex. Occiput with a tuft of
pale yellow scales at apex, behind with dark brown and yellowish scales intermixed.
Thorax : ?cilesonotum with pale integument and dark lateral spots, behind
with a dark spot which invades scutellum : sparsely covered with golden hairs.
Wing with white and black scales. Costa with three spots of black scales,
the membrane dark and the spots distinctly separated by the white scales. The
basal spot reaches the 1st. vein : the median spot reaches the 2nd. vein and the
preapical spot involves both branches of the 2nd. vein. The 1st. vein ends in white :
2nd. black at base and white scales with dark ones up t,o fork, base of fork black
then white and ending in black ; 3rd vein with white base followed by black then
white and black ending in two black spots ; 4th. vein white and black at base, a
black spot in middle over fork ; 5th. with black spot, near base then black and

.I

II

I3 1, I

s I

199

white scales, a black spot at base of fork, a small black apical spot on lower fork :
6th. white, sparsely peppered with black scales, middle with black spot, apex black.
Legs. With dark brown and yellow scales. Last segment of all tarsi ending
in yellow.
Abdomen greyish with golden hairs and lateral tufts of dark scales wit>h a
few white ones intermixed and from II to VIII.
Cerci dark.
Male Similar to female.
Genitalia : (fig. 153). Basistyle one and a half times basal width : two
parabasal setae ; internal seta relatively slender, longer than dorsal parabasal
seta, pointed.
Mesosome slender, somewhat tubular, with three leaflets which
are long and lanceolate with transparent margins, the two additional pairs veryslender and shorter. Ventral lobe of claspettes strongly pilose and ending in two
long, pointed setae ; dorsal lobe ending in four long, thick spines which are so
close together that, they seem three. Anal lobe high, conical, membranous and
with fine small setae. 3inth tergite broad, sclerotized, the lateral lobes fingcrlike,
very short and Tquit,c removed.

Fig.

153.

Anopheles
(Lophopodomyia)
tab.
Original.

gunrnu

.hlduze

&

Capdcrillr,

1949.

JIele

gcni-

Pupa - (fig. 154). Tube of t,he ~l~ibalxagia type but with a deep incision
and without modifications on margins.
Larva - Head : Hair 1 long, slender, simple, with very fine branchlets at
apex ; both hairs very close together ; hair 2 much shorter than t,he internals,
simple, double or triple with fine branchlets at apex : hair 4 simple ; 8 small ;
trifid ; 9 small, trifid ; 12 branched. Antenna nearly cylindrical, sabers long,

Fig.

154.

Anopheles
(Lophopodomyia)
guarao
Anduzc
B Capdeville,
and abdominal
segments
of pupa,
dorsal.
Original.

1940.

Pupa.

Tube

dorsal saber pointed, ventral shorter, the apes dentate ; hair 10 not longer than
dorsal saber and bifid.
Thorax : Prothorax with hair 1 simple or double : 2 long, strong and sparsely branched ; 3 dendritic, relatively short.
Abdomen with tuft 1 from segment III to VII.
Hair 7 of segment I long,
strong and plumose ; hair 6 of III long and strong, plumose ; hairs 6 of segments
IV-VI
simple.
Type locality - Venezuela,
Monagas, Caripito. Type in Anduze collection.
Distribution -- Venezuela,
Monagas.

1!)03 drribalzuyiu

Subgenus ARRIBALZAGTA
Theobald, 1903.
Theobald,
XIon. Cul., 3 : 81 - type n~acdipes
Theobald.

I Characters
Adult : Wing spotted, the kink small on cost/al
region except in A. minor, the scales broad and with characteristic
markings. Haltere wit,h knob broad and a characteristic row of white
scales. Mesonotum with at least the prescutellar spot, the lateral
ones absent only in A. maculipes and A. gabaldoni. Abdomen with
poster0 lateral tufts of scales. Legs peppered with white.
Larva - Antenna with spatulate and fringed saber. Abdomen
with hair 6 simple on segment IV.
Pupa and egg - Do not show subgeneric characters.
Key

for

the

adults

of the

subgenus

ARRIBALZkGIA.

1. Fifth hind tarsal segment totally or partially marked with white. 2.

Fifth hind tarsal segment dark ; light markings of wing large and
distinct ; median portion of 3rd. vein with an area of light and
dark scales intermixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . minor
2. Last hind tarsal completely covered with white or yellowish
scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...3.
This segment wi6h black
..
.
.
. .6.

3. Mesepimeron with a small patch of scales on upper portion .. .4 ..

Mesepimeron without such a patch of scales ; sternite I without
tufts of white scales ..................................
.5.
4.

Sternite I with spots of white scales ...........

This sternite without such scales .................

mediopunchtus
fhninensia

shartnoici
5. Tergite VIII white scaled .........................
This tergite with dark and white scales intermixed ... fluminensis
6. Scales of wing linear, three or four times as long as wide ..... .7.
Such scales broad, mainly on basal portion of wing, always less
than three times as long as wide ......................
..9.
7. Abdomen with dark scales intermixed with sparse white ones. .8.
Abdomen covered with white and dark scales which give it the
appearance of being covered with light colored ones. . gabaldoni
8. Costa1 region with two large spots besides the apical one ......
neomaculipalpus
...........................................
With three large spots besides the apical one ... pseudomacuZipes
maculipes
9.

White scales predominating on 5th. vein ..................

19.
Dark scales predominating on 5th. vein ...........
ayici,nacula

10. Wing scales rounded at apex ; dark spot at apex of wing as large
as the preceeding one .........................
punctimacula
Wing scales truncate at apex ; dark spot at apex of wing larger
than the preceeding one ........................
intermcdius
Key

for

the

larvae

of the

subgenus

ARRIBALZAGIA.

I.

Clypeal hair 2 with many branches and dichotomized, i. e. appearing as a tuft .......................................
..2.
apicimacula
Such setae simple or pennate .....................
ueomaculipalpus
.3.
2. Ventral surface of larva smooth ..........................
minor
This surface spiculose ................................
.....................
3. Hair6ofsegmentsIVandVsimple..
Such setae with two or more branches ...................
4. Clypeal seta pennate (n. 3j ..............................
This seta smooth .............................

4.
.S.
.5.
punctimacula

6.
5. Long setae of prothorax with two or more branches ..........
mediopunctatus
Such setae with a single branch ...............
6. Prothoracic hair 1 simple or with two or three branches ..... .7.
fluminensis
Hair 1 with more than four branches ..............
7. Clypeal hair 2 branched before the middle ...........
This hair branched after the middle ................

maculipes
interm.edizts

.\
Anopheles
1917

ilnopheles

muculapes
minor

Dyar

AaopheIes

1930

Shannon

1931

Shannon,

Sot.

Wash.,

33

1943

Russell

& al.,

Keys

to the

An.

of the

1944

Causey

& al.,

Am.

.J. Hyp.,

1947

Deane

1947

Coutinho,

1949

Lane

Proc.

Ent.

& al., Rev.

Univ.

{in Boyd),

Nem.

An.

II

I,

Ent.

Xerv.

Esp.

S. Paula
Malariology,

Ins.
Sot.

39

Sau.

(Thesis),
1

0.

Cruz,

Am.,

23

Lima, 1929.

minor

& Knab,

1929

& Davis,

(Arribalzagia)

Howard,

Lima,

Mon.,

4 : 990.

sup].,

12

484,

487.

287.

10.
World,

47.

3,
Pub.,

297, 300,

323,

341,

362.

54.
405.

Female Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark brown ; labellum lighter.

Palpus dark brown, somewhat shaggy, segment II to IV with some white scales
at base, IV with some &apex also. Antenna with brown torus and white scales,
dark ones above : flagellar segment I with scales, the vertics:l with yellowish
hairs. Occiput with blackish forked scales except anteriorly and on vert.ex where
they a.re white and mixed with whitish setae, ocular setae yellowish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish with white scales and set,ae. Mesonotum
whitish pruinose, peppered with brown spots and with three large ones, the laterals smaller t,han t,he prescutellar spot ; with whitish and yellowish scales, a whittb
tuft on anterior promontory ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae yellowish.
Scutellum brown in the middle with marginal yellowish setae.
Legs : Coxae brown with tufts of white scales ; femora, t(ibiae and tarsus I
peppered, lighter internally ; fore tarsi with white rings on ends of segments II
to IV ; V dark. Mid tarsi with small apical rings on segments II to IV ; V dark.
Hind tarsi with apical rings from I to IV ; V dark.
Wing with broad and narrow scales (fig. 155). Kink on costal vein barely
perceptible.
Halt,ere with white stem and black knob, internally wit,h white
SC&S.

Anopheles

(Arribaleagia)

minor

Lima,

1929.

Wing.

Original.

Abdomen with post#ero lateral tufts of scales on segments : tergites with

brown integument and hairs except the last one which has white and black scales
intermixed.
Sternites with lateral groups of white scales on I and median ones
on the others. Cerci with yellowish scales.
JJaZe Palpus the length of proboscis, dark white on joints of segments
I and II and at base of III and IV which are clavate. Antenna moderately plumosc
and shorter than proboscis.
Genitalia : - Shannon & Davis (1930) : - (fig. 156). Ninth tcrgite well
sclerotized with a pair of slender lobe-like processes ; anal lobe entirely membranous ; side-pieces thick, a little less than twice as long as wide and a little shorter
than the style ; appendiclc shorter than the width of the style ; both parabasal

.I

II

I.

s I

303

spines ending in a sharp curved point ; internal spine undifferentiated ; claspette

but little wider t]han high, with a deep median incision, forming a pair of ventral
lobes each of which possesses two slender spines and the modified spines, which
are coalesced into a stout club ; phallosome with a well developed pair of apical
leaflets, nearly equal in length to the club, and a variable number of much smallet
Icaflets, four to eight in number.

2%~~ - (fig. 157). Trumpet sub-quadrate, without a deeply incised notch :

paddle distinctlv broader than in peryassui, with a long series of well-defined teeth
at about the middle of the outer margin, apical margin with a fringe of fine hairs
which extend but a short distance on the inner margin ; apical spine of eighth
abdominal segment simple.
Larva - (fig. 158). Antenna1 hair sub-basal, delicate, with seven long branches ; inner anterior clypeals approximated with scattered, very fine, branched
hairs ; outer clypeals w&h approximately fifty ultimate branches, but as a whole
s;toutcr than in pwymsui ; thoracic and abdominal hairs similar to those of pe-

1 59

138.
Fig.

Fig.

158.

159.

Anopheies
Shannon

(Arribalzugia)
8~ Davis,
1930,

Egg.
(Eawd
1: est. 2).

on

Cnuep.

minor
Au. Ent.
Deane

Lima.
1929.
Sot. Am., 2s
KY I)cwnr,

1947,

L~PVR.
(3)

Thorns.

: pl. 6, figs.

Rev.

Serr.

18

Esp.

(Bawd
on
and 18a.).
Sal!.

Pull.,

A N 0 I

204
..__. ~_ _._ _-

II

E L I X I

._______

PYUSSU~,
but the lateral hairs of segment IV and V usually with three branches ; in
addition, the>ventral side of the thorax and at&men
clothed with fine hairs (best
seen in cast; skins) ; p&en with alternating long and short spines, the short ones
with marginal setulae which are more apparent than in peryassui ; eight to ten
grappling hairs present.
Causey, Deane & Deane (1944) : - (fig. 159). Strongly concave
Egg dorsally ; floats with abouth 30 ridges : frill not, sinous, enclosing narrow black
area expanded at extremities and extending the length of egg ; surface exhibiting
ret,iculated polygonal exochorion except for area enclosed by frill. One oviposition
was observed in which frill was confined to extremities surrounding small elliptical
areas at each end of dorsal surface.
Type locality - Brasil,
State of Rio de Janeiro, Estrela. Type in I. 0. C.
Bist&tfion
- Paraguay
: Surinam
: Brad,
States of S. Paulo, Rio de
@Janeiro,Rahia and thtb Amazon Valley.

Anopheles
1931

Anophees Davis,

1933 Shannon,

Proc.

(Arribalzagia)

_%III. ,J. HJ.~.,

Ent.

Sor.

Galviio

& al.,

Ar.

1943

Russell

& al.,

Keys

to the

1944

Causey

& al.,

Xm.

.J. Hyg.,

1947

Deane

1949

T,ane (in Boyd),

& al.,

1950

Kx~yp,

Kon.

Hig.,

Wa&.,

1942

Rev.

Ver.

12

Serv.

Ind.

Inst.,

3.i

345

Davis, 193 1.

shannoni

1931 Davis,

Riv.

MaI.,

::12,

363.

1 :

5.

136.

: 36.
&I.

Esp.

Malariology,

13

of the

3!)

Sau.
1

World,

4!).

3.
Pub.,

: 293,323,

406.

62 et seq.

Female - Proboscis slightly shorter I han fore femur, dark brown. Palpus
dark brown, with erect, scales and a few white ones on joints of scgmtbnts. Antenna
with brown torus, a few whit,<> scales dorsally ; flagellum shorter than length of
proboscis, vcrticils with sparse short hairs and a few scales on segment I. Occiput
with dark brown, forked scales except anteriorly and on vertex where they arc
white an mixed with long, slender, white scales.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with brown setae and scales. Mesonotum light
brown with whitish pruinosc rrgions and numerous dark dots, two mcsial spots and
a darker one on prescutellar region ; sparsely covered with slender, golden scales ;
acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae dark brown. Scutellum with the median portion darker and in continuation to the prcscutellar spot ; marginal sctne
long. Pleura dark brown with transversal lighter stripes.
Legs : Femora
and tibiae peppered with white, lighter intc>rn:tllJ- ; ta:G dark
cscqt for small apical white rings.
Wing with broad scales. (fig. 160). IIalt,erc with white stem and black knob.
.4bdomen dark brown, with dark brown hairs and post>cro latcral tufts of
dark scales on segments IT-\-TI : VIII apically dcnscly covered with white scales
which extend to cerci.

Fig.

160.

An~phel~~

(Arrihelzagia)

shannoni

Davis,

1931.

Wing.

Original.

2(J5

ANOPHELINI

- ..---__

Male - Shannon (1933) : - Ninth tergite with the usual pair of small, lobelike processes ; inner basal spine with curved tip, the outer straight, rather slender,
less than twice the length of the inner ; claspette much wider than high with a
median incision, consequently a pair of ventral lobes, each rather uniformly clothed
with short hairs and each bearing a single marginal spine and t,he usual club-like
set of three spines which stand on a prominent tubercle ; phallosome with a set
of seven to eight leaflets on each side at tip, all of similar shape and graduating
very uniformly in size from the upper one, which is about two-thirds the length
of the phallosome, to the lowermost one which is very minute.
Pupa - (fig. 161). The salient features of the pupa are ; the finger-like process extending across the opening of the pupal trumpet ; the short spine-like projections on segments IV-VII
; the short hairs on the hind margins of the segment
IV-VII,
equal to but one half the length of their segments ; and the simple condition of the spines on the eighth segment.

Fig. 161.

Anopheles
(Arribalzagia)
shannoni
Davis,
1931.
Pupa. Tube and abdominal
segments, dorsal. (Based on Shannon, 1933, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash. 35 (7) :

137).

Characters from Deane, Causey & Deane (1947) : (fig. 162)

L4WVU
Head : Hairs 2 very close together, long with a few branches ; hair 3 quite
removed from 2, dichotomized after base in several branches forming an apical
tuft ; 4 short, divided into four or five branches. Antenna with smooth, pointed,
sabers ; hair 10 a little longer than dorsal saber and with five to seven branches ;
11 about half the length of antenna, inserted on basal third and with eight branches.
Prothorax with hair 1 small and with four to six branches ; 2 long, stout
and branched.
Abdomen with hairs 6 and 7 of segments IV and V divided near base in two
to four branches. Tufts 1 as in other species of the subgenus. Pecten with long
and short teeth, irregularly distributed.
Egg - Causey, Deane & Deane (1944) : - (fig. 163). Similar to A. peryassui
but, broader, with broader floats curved near each extremity at right angles and
approximating each other dorsally, exposing large areas at anterior and posterior
ends of eggs ; floats composed of 34 to 38 ridges ; filaments as in A. peryassui,
much longer near each end of egg ; exochorion showing reticulated polygonal
pattern on exposed surface.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Amaeonas, Manaus. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Brad,
States of Par& and Amazonas ; Peru, Iquitos ;
Guiana s.

Anopheles

(Arribalzagia)

gabaldoni

1941 Anopheles Vargas, Medicins, Mexico, 21 : 285.

1943 Kumm & al., Am. J. Trop. Med., 23 : 374.

Vargas, 1941.

162.

16::.

Fig.

162.

(Arribalzagia)
-4llophe.k
and prothoracic
group.

Fig.

16:;.

Egg.
Pub.,

1943

Russell

1949

Lane

1950

Vargas

& al.,
(in Boyd),

(Both
1

shannoni

based on Causey,
& Est. 2).

: Est. 1

Keys

to the

An.

Malariology,

& Palacioe,

Est.

Tax.

of the
1

Davis,

Deane

World,

19:)l.

% Deane,

L:UTa.

1945,

CIyp< al lmiw.

Rev.

Sew.

antenna

Esp.

32.

405.

-411. iMexico,

102.

Female - Characters from Vargas (1941, 1950) : - Proboscis black,

lum brown. Palpus black, white scales on joints not forming rings. Head
white scales and setae.
Thorax : Mesonotum grayish, peppered with dark dots ; three large
but, the lateral ones may be diluted ; promontory with a tuft of long white
and some black ones on the sides, the rest with yellow hairs.
Wing as in fig. 164.

Fir.

164.

Anopheles
(Arribaleagia)
Mhxico,
Rev. Ned.
1950,

Sm.

gabaldoni
21:
390,

Vargas,
fig. 1).

1941.

Wing.

(Based

labelwith
spots
scales

on Vargas,

Legs : Fore femur and tibia irregularly marked with white ; apex of tarsi
I-V marked wit,h white. Mid femur, tibia and tarsus I irregularly marked wit,11
white, II-V extensively black with narrow apical white rings. Iiind femur and
t>ibia black with whit: spots, the apex black ; tarsus I with irregcllar white and
black rings, the white predominat.ing : II-V white at apex, II with four black ring<:,
III with two, IV and V with one.
Abdomen dark with brown hairs, ventrally with black and white scales which
are abundant on the apical segmentIs ; segments II-VII
with tufts of dark scales
on posterolateral margins ; cerci white scaled dorsally with black scales ventrallJ-.
MaZe - Palpus with shaggy black scales, a white ring on joints also on middle
of apical segment.
Genitalia : (fig. 165). Basistyle with two parabasal s&ae inserted on separate tubercles, t-he internal larger ; ventral lobe of claspette with a strong seta and
several smaller ones ; subapical seta large, strong and curved ; dorsal lobe of
claspette with three foliaceous, appressed, differentiated setae. Mesosome with
a pair of apical leaflets which arc large and strong1.v ribbed in the middle, the margins serrate.

166.

165.
(Arrihaleagia)
of claspettes.

Fir.

165.

Anopheles
and lobes

Fig.

166.

Larva.
Clypeal
Palacios,
1950,

hairs
Mos.

g&aldoni

T;rrpas,

and
prothoracic
An. Mesico,
703,

1941.

Xale

group.
(Both
fig. 1 and 42

genitalia.

AIesosome

based
on Vargas
E. and C.).

and

Pupa TJnknown.
Larva - Characters from Vargas & Palacios (1950) : - (fig. 166). Clypcal
hair 2 long, thicker than 3, with short feathers laterally ; 3 shorter than 2, branched
before middle and divided into four or five branches at apex ; clypeal index 1,5 ;
4 small and simple ; 8 with two to four branches ; 9 with four to six branches,
both of them small. Antenna with hair 10 shorter than sabers ; 11 inserted at
basal third and with numerous branches.
Thorax with hair 1 of prothorax wit,h three to six slender branches ; 2 largr
and feathered ; 3 short and simple.
Abdomen with tuft 1 rudimentary
on segments I and II, developed on
III-VII,
the leaflets broad, sclerotized with serrations on distal half of margins.
Pecten with seven large teeth alternating with about nine short ones.
Eyy Unknown.
Type Zocality - Mexico,
State of Tabasco, Tenosique. Type in Ins. Sal. 3.
Enf. Trop., Mexico.
Distribzt2ion Mexico,
States of Tabasco and Chiapas ; Guatemala.
Pet&.

Anopheles
1937

Anopheks

I,ima,

(Arribalzagia)

Rev.

Med.

Cir.

Bras.,

Lima, 1937.

evandroi

: 3.

45

Female - Lima (1937) : - Prob6scida reta, negra. Palpos tiio longos quanto
a prob&xida, densamente revestidos de escamas negras ; apenas algumas escamas
brancas nas articulaq&s
(o tiltimo segment0 revestido inteiramente de escamas
negras). Occiput corn escamas erect,as, negras, e, no meio, algumas esbranquiqadas.
Mesonotum cinzento-pardacento-escuro,
corn uma mancha negra de cada lado,
para diante da raiz da asa, e uma mediana, antescutellar, da mesma c6r, por6m urn
pouco maior que as laterais, cobrindo a parte media do scutellum. Pernas negras,
marcadas de maculas de escamas brancas, coma se v6 na figura. Tarsos posteriores
corn anel branco basal, quase tSo longo quanto o apical. Sbmente no tiltimo artictllo ; no penultimo (4) e no antepenultimo (3) aquele anel s6 se distingue corn
aumento forte, sendo, todavia, muito mais estreito que o apical. Tibias corn 5
tiaculas brancas muito pequenas no b&do anterior, ngo representadas na figura.
Asa corn0 na figura. AbdBmen negro, revestido de longos pelos pardacentos e provido de tufos de escamas negras nos angulos postcro-laterais dos tergitos 2-7 ;
no antepenultimo e penultimo urosternitos ha, em cada lado, algumas escamas esbranquiqadas e no meio do b&do posterior do penultimo urosternito, urn tufo compacto de escamas negras, erectas.
Mcsle, pupn, larva and qq - Unknown.
Type locality - Brasil, State of Rio de Janeiro, S. Bento. Type in I. 0. C.

Anopheles
1906

Anopheles

(Arribalzagia)

Dyar

& Knab,

1918 Dyar,

Ins.

Ins.

1923

Root,

Am.

J. Hyg.,

&lens.,

1925

Bonne

147.

& Bonne-Repster,

Dyar,

Ins.

Ins.

1926

Root,

Am.

J.

1928
1938

Dyar,
Mos. Am., 462.
Gabaldon,
Pub. Div. Mat.,

1939

Kumm
map

Mens.,

& Ruiz,

Trop.

Am.

1940

Med.,

1940 Gabald~l

13

31,

Med.,

al.,

Pub.

Div.

Mal.,

Am.

As.

-4dv.

Sci.,

90

1942 Komp,

Nat.

Ins.

1943 Galvis,

Rev.

Fat.

1943 Kumm

& al.,

& Roberts,

1943 Russell
1944

& al.,

Levi-Castillo,

Med.

Am.

J.

Mosquito

Keys
An.

1949 Castellanos
1949 Lane
1950 Ikyp,

& al.,

Am.

Panam.,
Pub., 1

Vargas
1906

Anopheks

atrigimacuZa

Est.

Tax.

1907

Anopheles

malefactor

1908
1918

A.
A.

1922

AnopheZes

1923

A.

strigimucula

Root,

Mos.

Am.

1925

A.

strigimacuZa

Bonne

1924

A.

strigimucula

Christophers,

id., 21

id.,

106.

374.

Worl,

34.

6.

1 : 46, 98, 138.

325, 342, 363.

29

34.

An.

Mexico,

& Knab,
& Knab,

107.

Proc.
J.

N.

Biol.
Y.

An.
J.

Trop.

Hyg..

Med.

Bonne-Wepster,
Ind.

Med.

Sot.

Ent.

Evans,

& Ram,

143.

Howard,
Dyar
& Knab,
Mon.,
4
Dyar,
Ins. Ins. Mens.,
6
147.

aenezuelae

Sal. Pub.

1940 Kumm

406.

Dyar
Dyar

22

25, 26.

Med.,

:
:

102,

San.
Sau.

1
89

& al., Mem.

%c.,

21.

of the

1950

var.

Trop.

y Prot.

Rozeboom.

Equador,

J.

1939 Kumm

Pub.

57,

23

Atlas,

438

36.

12

syn.

malefactor
malefactor

Med.,

(in Boyd),
Malariology,
Kon. Ver. Ind. Ins.,
& Palacios,

Quin.

1946 Cova-Garcia,
XII
Conf.
1947 Deane & al., Rev. Esp.

460.

id., 21 : 93 ; 1941 K&m

1941

179

to the An.
Ext.

Sal.

BogotB,
Trop.

1906.

136.

I :
19

Mem.

Bul.,

: 52.

1941 Kumm,

Hlth.,

id.,

19

530.

Caracas,

& Soto,

411

Wash.,

191.
5

1941 Komp,

1943 Ross

Sm.,

Ser.,

J. Trop.

Kumm
20

Mon.

Sot.

1924 Root,

Mos.

1925

Hyg.,

Biol.

275

Dyar & Knab,

punctimacula

Proc.

Wash.,

Sot.,

15

1000.

& Par.,

16

214.

275.
Mos.
Res.

Sur.,
Mem.,

530.
3

35.

19
198.

136.

y Prot.
& al.,

560.

Sot..

Am.

J.

Female -- Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, blackish with shaggy
scales at base. Palpus blackish, with erect, sparse white scales in groups at base
and apex of segment IV. Antenna with dark brown torus bearing a few white
scales ; flagellum white scaled on segment I, the verticils yellowish. Occiput having
a light whitish integumental ocular stripe, covered with forked, brown scales except
anteriorly and on vertex where there are white short and long scales intermixed,
the setae yellow ; ocular setae brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish, with golden and rare white scales. Mesonotum with whitish pruinose integument having dark dots and three larger dark
brown spots, the prescutellar one reaching scutellum ; without scales except on
the anterior promontory were there are white ones ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and
supralar setae golden. Scutellum with a median spot in continuation to the prescutellar one, marginal setae yellow, others shorter. Post,notum dark brown. Pleura
with a few white scales on middle of sternopleura.
Legs : Coxae brown with tufts of white scales. Femora and tibiae blackish
and peppered with white scales. Fore tarsi with basitarsus peppered, segments
II to IV with basal spots and groups of white scales, V with apex white. Mid tarsi
with basitarsus peppered, II to IV with small basal rings, V dark. Hind tarsi
peppered, II to V with rings on joints, V white at apex.
Wing with broad scales (fig. 167). Haltere with light &em and black knob
besides a dense internal patch of white scales.

Fiq.

167.

--

Anopheles

Davis,

(Anopheles)

1931,

Am.

punctimacula

J.

Hyg.,

13:

pl.

Dear
& Knab,
1, fig.
3).

1906.

Wing.

(Bawd

oa

Abdomen with poster0 lateral tufts of dark scales ; tergites dark brown ;
tergite VIII with sparse dark scales and many white ones ; sternites with lateral
groups of white scales ; cerci with dark brown and yellowish scales at apex.
Male - Palpus longer than proboscis by the last segment, blackish, white
on joint of segments I and II, III and IV rlavate and white at base. Antenna moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 168). Basistyle with the two parabasal setae one of them
long, pointed at apex, the other short, and curved at apex ; internal seta on apical
third, long, slender and curved at apex. Dorsal lobes of claspette with two flattened
filaments at apex, the ventral ones with two long setae, body setose. Mesosome
long and ending in four pairs of leaflets, larger towards apex.
Pupa - The tube is characteristic with the distal margin having a median
incision which nearly divides it in two ; the anterior margin is sinuously curved,
with a small rounded projection on posterior margin excised on the anterior one ;
segment VIII wit.h hair A short, thick and simple.
Larva - (fig. 169). Head ; Antenna weakly spiculose, tuft 11 very large and
on basal third, two thirds the length of antenna, pennate, the apex branched ;
sabers long, smooth, the apex of ventral saber fimbriate, the cone ramified ; hair 2
slightly shorter than 3 with many dichotomized branches beyond the middle and
fan shaped ; 3 long, simple ; clypeal index 3,5 ; hair 4 small and branched.

Fig.

168.

An~pb&~
Mesosome
Caribbean

(Arriballagia)
and
lobes
of
Region,
figs.

p~n~ti~nac~la
claspette.
118-119).

Dyar
(Based

& Knab,
1906.
Male
genitalia.
1942,
An.
of the
on Komp,

Thorax : HWs 1, 2 and 3 inserted in separate sclerites ; 1 half as long as

2 with long lateral branches ; 2 branched and thick ; 3 short and simple.
Abdomen : Tuft 1 on segments I-VII, smaller on I and II and with lanceolate
leaflets, on the other segments larger and with fifteen to twenty strongly pigmented leatlets, they are short, broad, with serrate margins beyond the middle,
the apex short .and smooth.

P&ten with fifteen short *and long teeth regularly

alternating, the long ones about seven in number.
Egg - Kumm (1941) : - (fig. 170). Similar variations have been observed
Figure 1 on plate III shows an egg
in Costa Rica in the ova of n. pmctimacula.

_-___
,Yn-e
\
._a

..m

UI

II

169.

Fix.

169.

Anoph&-s
hairr
and
taribheau

(Arribalzsgia)
punctimacula
prothoracic
group
1 to 3.
Region,
figs. 70 and 71).

li0.

Dyar
L Knab.
1906.
TAITR.
(Based
on Kemp,
1942,
.\n.

Cl?~~:ll
ot III<,

.I

II

s I

T, I

211

of A. puncfinzaczda enlarged 250 times, in which the dorsal frills arc continuous
from one end to the other on each side, with a distinct space between them. Figures
3 and 5 are photomicrographs of eggs laid by the same mosquito, but in figure 3
the dorsal frills are interrupted near one end and in figure 5 the frills are confined
to the poles only. Ova in which the frills are confined to the ends of the egg we
Such eggs
have designated as type B, as shown in figures 4 and 5 on plate III.
are like what Lawlor called his unusual type of egg6 of il. punctipennis. These
also resemble the winter eggs of Hurlbut.
Type locality - Panama,
Colon. Type in U. S. ;?j. M.
Distribution Mexico : Panama
: Venezuela
: Ecuador : Trinidad
:
British
Honduras:
Guatemala:
Costa
Rica and Brad.

Anopheles
1906

Atzopheles

1908

Dyar

1917

Howard,
Root,

& Knab,
Smiths..

Dyar
Am.

1924

Bonne,

1925

Dyar

1928

Dyar,

1938

Gabaldon,

1939

Kumm

Med.
Mos.

Am.,
Pub.

Ins.

Div.

1940 Kumm

20

& al.,

1943

Galvis,

Rev.

Fat.

1943

Kumm

1943

Downs

& al.,

1943

Rll.ssell

8: al.,

1946

Cova-Garcia,

1950

Vargus

ayn.

1923

Hlth.,

J.

Boeot&

136.

59.

8: a!.,

Nat.

Mnl.

Sot.,
An.

San.

.\m.

J.

& Palacios,

Ind.
Est.

macdipes

:
23

of the

1
89

Tax.
Dyer

& al., Min.

Sal. Pub.

22 : 1940 Kumm

1941 Kumm

& Ram.,

id.,

y Prot.

& al., Am.

Ser.

J. Tro~~

21 : 660.

id.,

106.

144.

22.

374.

2 : 29.

Trop.

Ins.,

Sot.,

36.

Panam.,

Malariolo~y,

Ver.

1939 Kumm

y Prot.

21 : 93;

12

Med.,

to the

438

1941 Rozeboom,

Trap.

Conf.

179 : 53. 99,

J.

Key?
XII

(in Boyd),

152.

Puh.

Bul.

Med.,

Am.

Anopheles

id.,

90

Ins.

Kon.

Kumm,

Sci.,

As. Adv.

Nat.

Kuyp,

:
19

Sal.

Mal.,

Am.

Lane

Med.,

Div.

Komp,

1950

19
52

& Soto,

1941

Komp,

1949

Iss.,

620.
12

Pub.

1941

1949 Castellanos

48

J. Trop.

1942

al.,

Wash.,

4 : 995.

Mens.,

Ma].,

Am.

408

Sot.
&uar.

& Knab, 1906.

463.

Gabaldon

Biol.

Dyar

275.

v. Gen.,

Ins.

apicimacula

Coils.,

IMon.,

T:jd.

& Ruis,

Proc.
Misc.

& Knab,

J. Hyp.,

& Tovor,

Med.,
1940

Dyar

& Knab,

1923

map

(Arribalzagia)

Med.,

: 405.
. 61 et

An.

World,
29

31.

45,

96,

137.

34.

seq.

Mbxico,

(nrc

99.

Theobnld),

Ins.

Ins.

Alens.,

13

192.

Female - Proboscis longer than fore femur, dark, labellum lighter. Palpus
with erect, dark scales except on joints of segments and apex where there are
white ones. Occiput with dark, forked scales, on vertex they are white and mixed
with slender ones, setae whitish on vertex, the oculars blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with brown setae and dark brown scales, a
few white ones below. Mesonotum with grayish integument, pruinose except for
dark dots and three large dark brown spots ; acrostichal and dorsocent,ral setae
light, sparsely covered with golden hairs, tuft on anterior promontory white with
dark scales on the sides. Scutellum with a darker median spot in continuation to
the prescutellar one, marginal setae long. Pleura with lighter spots.
Legs dark brown, the femora, tibiae and tarsi I peppered with white spots.
Fore tarsi with a spot on II two on III, IV and V dark. Mid tarsi with two spots
on II, III and IV with a single one, V dark. Hind tarsi with three white spots
01 II and III, IV and V with two spots.
Wing w&h broad and narrow scales intermixed (fig. 171). Halterc with the
stem lighter than knob. Knob densely covered with white scales.
Abdomen brown, with lighter hairs, the poster0 lateral tufts with dark brobvn
scales and from II to VIII ; cerci with dark brown scales.

,iNOPHELINI

212
__.__~~

Fig. 171.

p_-__L_____-.

Dyar L Knab, 1906.

Anopheles
(Arribal=gia)
apicimacula
on Komp, 1942, An. of the Caribbean Region, fig. 31).

Wing.

(Based

Male Komp (1942) : - (fig. 172). Side piece rather slender, scarcely
tapering, with scales and setae on outer aspect. Two parabasal spines present ;
the outer slender, tapering, the inner arising from a tubercle on a low conical offset,
thick, with abruptly bent tip. Internal spines on ventral aspect, about two-thirds
the distance from base to tip of side piece ; very long, with slender curved tip.
Clasper about as long as side piece, slender, regularly curved, slightly expanded
just before apex, with a small apically inserted terminal spine. Mesosome moderate,
curved dorsally, incompletely, rather wide in proportion to its length ; leaflets
variable in number, usually eight (four pairs) ; all of the same general shape, regularly decreasing in size, largest slightly more than three times the length of the
smallest. Basal plates large, triangular, without ventral projections.
Claspette
lobes of two parts, outer and inner lobes. Outer lobes basally sclerotixed, bearing
at apex three long, flattened, round tipped club-shaped spines, nearly equal in
length, and nearly as long as the chitinized base. Inner lobes conical much longer
than outer, their apices extending to tip of club-shaped spines, lobes very hairy,

Fig. 172.

Anopheles
(Arribaleagia)
apicimacula
Dyar & Knab, 1906. Male genitalia.
_Mesosomeand lobes of claspettes. (Rased on Komp, 1942, An. of the Caribbean Region, figs. 120 and 121).

_ ~__ ___.

__

I H

_~._

I, I K

_-__.

._~

213

with many short setae from papillate base ; apices with three or four very long
slender setae from large bases, one of the setae usually much longer and stronger
than the other. Ninth tergite centrally narrow, with moderate roundtiped lateral
processes ; lateral expanded portions lightly sclerotized, finely pilose. Anal lobe
low, rounded, rugose, covered with microtrichia, paraprocts weak, erect, with
sparse pilosity.
Pupa - The pupal breat,hing trumpets are characteristic in this species, as
pointed out by Curry. When viewed from above, the distal margin is seen to be
deeply cleft, forming two lobes. The outer posterior angle is produced into a triangular pointed flap, curving upward. Sometimes t,his upturned flap is rounded instead of pointed. A. intermdius of South America has a similar pupal trumpet.
Larva - (fig. 173) Head. Anterior internal clypeal hairs long, slender, simple ;
set close together, with hardly room between for another basal tubercle. Hairs 3
about half as long as inner ; simple, widely separated from 2. Hairs 4 short, simple,
sometimes branches set in line and behind outer clypeals. Hair 8 rather long,
laterally branched, set well inside suture. Hair 9 long, branched, set anterior to
8 close to suture. Antenna usually light yellow in color ; the shaft weakly spined
towards tip, but with a patch of coarse spines on the dorso-interior aspect, near
I he tuft ; tuft moderate, branched or feathered, inserted abouth one-third the distance from base to tip. Sabres long, the dorsal one smooth, pointed, the ventral
with flattened, minutely fimbriate tip, cone moderate ; finger small. Terminal
hair not exceeding the sabres, usually bifid or trifid.
Thorax : Hairs 1, 2 and 3 of prothorax not arising from a common chitinized
base. Hair 1 about half the length of 2, feathered along shaft ; 2 long, strong,
feathered along shaft ; 3 simple, short. Mesothoracic dorsal hair strong, long, shaft
moderately thickened, much feathered, arising from a small chitinized tubercle.
Small dorso-lateral hair about one-third the length of the large dorsal hair, the

Fig. 173. -

Anopheles

(Arrihalzagia)

Dyar & Knah,

(Based on Komp, 1942.

apicimacula

hairs and prothoracic group.

Region, figs. 67 and 68).

1906. Larva. Clypeal

An. of the Caribbean

shaft simple, slightly frayed at tip. hktathoracic

palmate tuft present, of about.
10 smooth transparent lanceolates leaflets. Prothoracic pleural hair group of four
hairs ; the dorsal hair of the anterior pair long, with seven to nine lateral branches,
the anterior ventral hair and the posterior ventral hair long and simple, .the post,erior dorsal hair short, bifid or trifid.
Spur moderate, slender. Mesothoracic
pleural hair group of four hairs, the anterior pair long, slender, simple ; the posterior ventral hair simple, about one fourth as long as anterior pair ; the posteriol
dorsal hair simple, microscopic. Spur short, blunt.
Metathoracic
pleural hair
group of four hairs ; the anterior pair long, simple ; the posterior ventral hair
short, bifid or trifid ; the post,erior dorsal hair simple, microscopic. Spur short,
blunt,.
Abdomen : palmate hairs present on abdominal segment 1 to 7 ; those on
segments 1 and 2 always small, inconspicuous, with transparent smoot,h, lanceolate
leaflets ; those on segment 3 to 7 large, conspicuoug, of about 16 leaflets, usually
heavily pigmented basally, with transparent tips ; single leaflets short, broad, the
edges beyond middle coarsely notched, the tip beyond short, smooth, pointed.
Hair n. 0 absent, on all abdominal segments. Antepalmate hair n. 2 on fourth
and fifth segmentIs, short, bifid. Lateral hairs on first three segments long, strong,
feathered ; double on segments 1 and 2 ; single on segment 3 ; on segments 4 and
5 usually bifid, sometimes trifid, long and slender. Long lateral hairs absent on
segment 6. Respiratory apparat,us normal. Pecten of about eight very long, and
eight very short teeth, more or less regularly alternating ; the long teeth smooth,
not spined, and directed somewhat dorsally ; the short teeth about one fifth the
length of the long teeth. Anal segment shows no characters of value in classification.
Eyg - Kum (1941) : - (fig. 174). Lateral floats reaching extremity of eggs ;
internal margins fused in the mid-line.
Type Eocalitz~- Guatemala,
Livingstone. Type in Ti. S. X. M.

li4.

is.

Fiq.

li4.

Anopheles
(Arribaleagia)
Kumm,
1941,
Am. J.

Fig.

178.

Anopheles
(Arribalzagia)
neomacnlipalpns
Kumm,
1941,
Am. J. Trop.
Med.,
21:
pl.

Fig.

180.

Anopbeles

(ArribaIeagin)

apicimacola
I)yw
Trop.
Med.,
21:
pl.

intrrmrdius

&
3).

Knah,

Curry.
4).

(Chsgb~,

1908)

1906.

193::.

Egg.

Egg.

(Based

(Based

on

on

21 .j

Distribution - Mexico : Guatemala

: Panama : Trinidad
Guianas : Colombia : Antilles : British
Honduras
: Costa

Anopheles
1933

Curry,
lroc.

1933

Shannon,

19%

Gahaldon,

1939

Kumm
Sot.

1940

map

Sot.
Mal.,

Ruiz,

Am.

1940

& al.,

Pub.

As. Adv.
Ins.
Fat.

1943 Galvis,

Rev.

Downs

8: al., J.

1943

Russell

& al.,

1946

Cow-Garcin,

XII

1947

Deane

Rev.

8: al.,

Cartellanos
Vargas

1950

Lane

& al.,

8: Soto,

id.,

Ma].,
90

Am.

Pxlacios,

Est.

1942

An.

San.
Esp.
J.

Malariology,

12
2 :

Pub.,
Mrd.,

Mos.
1 :

B: al., Aiezn.

Snu.

Pub.

Ilot.

191-l Iiwu~n,

Nat.

Inst.

lllth.,

id.,

21
Bul.

93.

179

: 39,10-1,
14.5.

75.

20.

of the

Sau.

1939 Kwnm

29.

Panarn.,

Trap.

Tax.

Kornp,

Trop.,

Sot.,

438

22.

20

Bopot&,

to the
Ser.

:
:

: 36.
: 410 ;

Med.,

Mal.

Conf.

1
19

1 Enf.

Med.,
Nat.

Keys

(in Boyd),

Sci.,

Sal.

1943

1949

Div.

1933.

33 :, 135.

Med.,

J. Trop.

645.

Caracas,

J. Trop.

Curry,

neomaculipalpus

13

Wash.,

Kumrn

.kn.

Rev.

1950

Hyg..

Div.

Am.

1942 Varpns,

J.

Ent.

& al.,

h-only,

rim.

Pub.
7

Gabaldon

1940 Kumm
1941

(Arribalzagia)

Anopheka

: Venezuela
Rica.

World,
1

:
1

29

Mfiuico,

33.

48, 97,

:
:

324,

139.
342.

34.
105.

405.

Proboscis the length of fore femur, blackish, shagg\T scaled at,

Female
base. Palpus a little shorter than proboscis, with blackish shaggy scales and a
few white ones on joints and at apex. Antenna the length of palpus, a few dark
scales on flagellar segment I, the torus blackish. Occiput with erect brown scales
and white ones, those on vertex whit,e, long, slender or filiform and proclinate.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with brown setae. Mcsonotum greyish,
mottled with darker spots and with three blackish marks ; covered with white
scales on anterior promontory and golden setae over the disk. Scutcllum blackish
in the middle, in continuation to the prescutellar spot, grey on the sides.
Legs as in A. punctimacula.
Wing (fig. 175) wit#h the basal costal spot] usually not extending to the 1st.
vein. 5th. vein with two basal black spots before fork. Posterior portion of wing
white scaled.

Fig.

175.

Anopheles
Komp,
An.

(Arribalzagia)
Mos. of the

neomaculipalpus
Caribbean
Region,

Cnrr~-,
1933.
fig.
33).

Wing.

(Based on

Male - (fig. 176). Basist4yle with two parabasal spines inserted at, same level,
one shorter and curved at apex, the other straight ; internal spine inserted at base
of apical third, long, straight, pointed. Dististyle slight,ly longer t.han basistyle,
the claw terminal and short. Mesosome long, slender with a broad leaf on each
side and three long, pointed shorter ones below it. Claspettes with t,hrec flattened,

216
- _--_

_-

-.___

-_

appressed, long leaflets which are blunt, at apex ; inner lobe pilose, conical and
with two differentiated setae at apex, the external longer than the internal and
inserted in a prominent tubercle.
Pupa - Integument unicolorous. Tube quadrate, cleft nearly in two equal
portions, serrate on margins, spiculose. Cephalothorax with short hairs.
Abdomen (segments I-III
not, seen). Hair A spine like and ending in a very
alender filament in some segments and from III to VIII.
B double or triple and
as long as segment in IV-VII.
B. 1 as long as segment and double in IV and V,
simple in VI and VII.
Paddle one and a half times the length of segment VIII,
t,he terminal hair divided into five or six branches, sclerotized on the side and hairy
at apex.
I

177.

176.
Fig.

176.

Anopheles

(Arribalaagia)

neomacalipalpus

Curry,

1935.

Mfble

genitalia.

Mesosome and lobes of claspettes.

Fig. 177.

Larva.
Clypeal
hairs and prothoracic group. (Both based on Komp,
An. of the Caribbwn Region, figs., 73, 74. 123 and 124).

1942,

Larva - (fig. 177). Head with unicolorous integument. Hair 2 long and simple ; 3 less than half the length of 2, divided at apex in two or three branches ;
4 small and simple ; 5, 6 and 7 long and feathered ; 8 small and branched at apex ;
9 like 8 but smaller ; 13 small and branched ; 14 small and simple. Antenna spiculose, hair 11 below middle, long and divided in three or four branches ; hairs
10 simple.
Thorax nude. Prothorax with tuft 1 small and dichotomized at apex, 2 long
and branched, 3 small and simple.
Abdomen : Hairs 6 and 7 of segments I and II long, strong and feathered,
6 of III as in II, in IV and V long and simple ; palmate hairs 1 present on segments
I-VII.
Dorsal plate spiculose on sides posteriorly, the seta long and simple. Spiracular hairs small and branched.
Egg - Kumm (1941) makes the following observations : - (fig. 178). The
egg has lateral floats in prolongation to both ends, so that the total length of the
egg and the length of the floats is the same.
Type locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Panama
: Costa Rica : Mexico : Colombia : Venezuela
:
Trinidad
: Tobago
(B. W. I.).
Note This species suffers the same variations as A. punctimacula with
regards to the female.

Anopheles
1908
1911
1916
1924

(Arribalzagia)

intermedius

Chagas (in PeryassG), OS Cul. Bras& 85.

Anopheks
Surcouf & Rincones, Ess. Dipt. Vul. Ven., 58.
Boyd, Am. J. Hyg., Mon. Ser., 5 : 39.
Root, Am. J. Hyg., 4 : 462.
C&oZeppteron

(Chagas, 1908).

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

& Bonne-Wepster,
Am.,

Mem.

Ins.

1929

Lima,

1930

Shannon,

1940

Ramos

An.

Moa.

0.

Cruz,

Sot.

Pub.

Serv.

& Ramos,

Ar.

1942

Galvao

& al.,

Ar.

Hig.,

1943

Russell

& al.,

Keys

to the

1943 Causry

& al.,

Am.

J. Hyg.,

1944 Corr&a

1947

& al.,

Ramos,

1947 Coutinho,
1947

Floch

1948

GiglioIi,

Mos.

Lane

1950

Kuyp,

syn.

1924

Ar.
Kon.

12

Hig.

Ins.

Contr.

Hig.
Ver.

I_ I

217

527.

Prof.

56

An.

Ind.

39

1943

Br.

89

Coutinho

Pub.,

Pub.,

Ent.

Sor.

117.

Wash.,

33

10.

& al.,

id.,

13

46.

:
:

134.
300,

324,

342,

363.

54.

Guyane,
Guiana,
14 :

Iroc.

: 7.
7 : 38.

2.

Sau.

Pub.,

Ins.,
var.

1931 Shannon,
14

of the World,

Pasteur

& Sau.

Pub.,

(Thesis),

Serv.,

281.

Mal.,

& Sau.

Malariology,

punctimacula

487

& Sau.

12

23

Esp.

S. Paulo,

(in Boyd),
A.

Hig.

Serv.

& Abonnenc,

1949 Corr&a,
1949

Ar.

Rev.

Univ.

P 11 E

Sur..

Supl.

Am.,

1942 Co&a

Deane

463.

Ent.

& Unti,

3.

79.

: 405.
: 61 et

inter-me&us

144
37.

seq.
Christophers,

Ind.

Med.

Res.

Mem.,

35.

Female - Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, dark, labellum lighter.
Palpus dark brown, scales dark except at base of segments II-IV and a few on II
and III which are white. Antenna with brown torus and sparse white scales ; flagellum with a few white scales on segment I. Occiput with brown forked scales
except on the ocular margin and anteriorly on vertex where they are yellowish
and mixed with long, slender ones and setae of this color ; oculars blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown, the setae yellowish, the scales whitish. Mesonotum with whitish integument, pruinose, peppered with dots of various sizes
and with three large spots, two of them median, the third extending to the prescutellar area and reaching the scutellum ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar
setae yellowish ; disk sparsely covered with yellowish scales which are slender
and curved. Scutellum white pruinose except for a median spot. Pleura with lighter
areas on sclerites.
Legs : Coxae brown with tufts of white scales mixed with blackish ones. Femora peppered, lighter internally. Tibiae peppered. Basitarsus peppered, the tarsal
joints white ; segments II and III with white spots in the middle.
Wing covered with broad rounded scales (fig. 179). Haltere with brown stem,
the knob blackish and with a dense internal covering of white scales.

Fig.

179.

Anopheles

(Amibalzagia)

intermedins

(Chagas,

1906).

Wing.

Original.

Abdomen light brown, with posterolateral tufts of blackish scales on segments II-VII,
VIII
sparsely covered with yellowish and blackish scales apically.
Sternites II-VII
with lat,eral white scales mixed with dark ones. Cerci with dark
and yellowish scales and yellow hairs.

Lart*a - Characters from Corrka (1949) : - Head with hair 2 having two
or three branches at apes ; hair 3 with long branches from basal half of stem.
Antenna with a spatulate saber.
Prothorax with tuft 2 having five or more branches. Hairs 9-12 with two
or more branches.
Abdomen with hair 6 of segment IV simple.
Egg Causey, Deane & Deane (1944) give the following characters : (fig. 181). Floats present, paired, dorso lateral. Frills absent or continuous with
floats. Esochorion with pattern which is hexagonal. Float ridge without filamentous tips, frills present. Floats not fused ant.erior1-y and narrow.
Striation on
frill oblique.

Fig.

1Pl.

Anopbeles
(Arribalzagia)
Causey,
Deane
8; Deane,

intermedius

1943, Rev.

(Chagas,
Serv.
Esp.

1908).
Egg.
Sau. Pub.,
1:

(Based
est. 3).

ou

Type locality - Bras& State of Rio de Janeiro. Type in I. 0. C.

Disttibution - Brasil, States of S. Paulo, Par&, Rio de Janeiro, northeastern States, Bahia : Mexico : British
Honduras
: Guatemala.

Anopheles
1903

Arribalzagia

1904

Anophdes

3908

Dyar

(Arribalzagia)

Thzobsld,
Bourroul,

Knsb,

.J. N.

Mon.

Cd.,

Mos. Brazil,
Y.

Ent.

maculipes

81.

36.

Soc.,tl4

176.

(Theobald, 1903).

1908

Peryassil,

1918

Dynr,

0s

1919

Petrocchi,

1925

Bonne

1926

Boyd,

t2m.

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

Am.,

1929

Lima,

Mem.

Ins.

1943

Coutinho

1943

Mullin-Disc,

1943

Russell

8: al..

Keys

to the An.

& al.,

Am.

J. Hyg.,

Ins.

Cd.

Ins.

Brazil,

Mens.,

Rev.

Ins.

106.

B.

& Bonne-Wepster,

1944

Causey

1944

Unti

1947

Deane

J. Hyg.,

& al.,

& al.,

1947

Floch

1947

Coutinho,

1949

Lane,

0.
Ar.

Ar.
Rev.

& Abonnenc,
Univ.

(in Boyd),

A.,

hfos.

Mon.

2 : 301 ;

Sur.,

Ser.,

1923

Ietrocchi,

id.,

IO.

319.

35.

12

464.

Corn.

Pr. Ramos,

147.

Bact.

Cruz,

Supl.,

Hig.,
2001.

Ins.

S. Paulo

H.

Pinto,

id.,

23

134.

N.,

Montevideo,

1 :

1.

46.

39 : 2.
Pub.,

Sau.

Pasteur
1

8 : 29;

Pub.,
Guyane,

(The&),

Malarioloey,

1930

o! the World,

& Sau.
Esp.

286

117.

hlus.

Hig.
Ser.

13

1944 Corr&a

& R:nno~,

id.,

: 134.

300.

144

: 4.

54.

403.

Female - Proboscis longer than fore femur, dark, labellum lighter. Palpus
dark brown, joints and apex with white, shaggy scales, sparse white ones on mesial
portion. Antenna with brown torus, dorsally with white scales ; flagellar segment.
I with white scales. Occiput with lighter marginal integument ; covered with
dark brown forked scales and on top and vertex white ones mixed with slender
scales ; setae of vertex yellow, oculars brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with brown sctac and darker scales on top.
Mesonot)um with grayish pruinose integument having dark dots and three large
brown spots ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae yellowish ; covered
with yellowish hairs and a few white scales on anterior tuft and sides. Scutellurn
with median spots in continuation to the prescutellar, the sides lighter ; a few
small setae and scales besides the marginal row. Pleura with lighter areas and
white scales on sternopleura.
Legs : Coxae brown with tufts of white scales. Femora, tibiae and basitarsi
peppered wit,h white. Fore tarsi with white joints from segments II-IV.
Mid tarsi
with white joints and median white spots on II and III.
Hind tarsi with white on
joints, II and III with one or two median spots, V white at apex.
Wing with narrow scales predominating (fig. 182). Haltert
with whitish
stem and blackish knob ; internally covered with white scales.
Abdomen brown, covered with lighter hairs and with posterolateral tufts of
dark scales on segments II-VII.
Sternites with sparse white scales from segment III.
Male - Palpus with the last two segments peppered with white spom and
with long golden hairs. Antenna densely plumosc, three fourths the length of proboscis.
Genitalia : Lima (1929) : - (fig. 183). OS dois foliolos apicais grandes, do
tamanho ou um pouco maiores que a pinceta. Apenas OS dois grandes foliolos
apicaes, ou estes acompanhados de cerdas quasi imperceptiveis.
Pupa - (Fig. 184). Costa Lima illustrates the terminal segments and paddles.
The paddles have the apical fringe quite long.
Larva Head : Hair 2 with vestigial feathering ; 3 branched before the
middle. Antenna with hair 11 more than half as long as antenna ; ventral saber
spatulate.
Hairs 5-7 feathered.
Thorax : Prothoracic dorsal anterior hairs of group 9-12 in two or three
branches ; hair 1 single or bifid.
Abdomen : Hair 1 with edges of the leaflets serrate ; hair 2 of segments IV
and V bifid or trifid ; hair 6 of IV-V single and unbranched. Pecten with regular
alternation of one long and one short, tooth.
Egg - (fig. 185). Causey, Deane & Deane (1944) separate this species from
A. intermedius based on the frill striation which is at right angles in this species.
l?~pe
localitzJ - Bras&
State of S. Paulo. Type in B. M.

220

182.

185

184.

183.

Fig.

182.

Anopheles

Fig.

183.

Male

(Arribalzagia)

maeulipes

Theobald,

1903.

Wing.

Fig.

184.

Pupa.

Fig.

185.

Egg.
(Based
on Costa Lima,
Supl.
Mem.
Ins.
0. Cruz,
12
36;
figure
of egg from
Causey,
Deane
and Deane,
1943,
Say. Pub.,
1: est. 2).

genitalia.
Terminal

Distribution

abdominal

Trinidad

segments,

Panama

dorsal.

Cuba

Venezuela

of 8. Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Bahia

Argentina,
Chaco, Iguass6, Buenos Aires, Misiones.

Anopheles

(Arribalzagia)

1903

Cycloleppteron

1904

Bourroul,

Mos.

1906

Anopheles

Dyar

1908

Peryassfi,

OS Cul.

1916

Neivn

1917

Anopldes

1918

Dyar,

1923

Bonne,

Theobald,
Brazil,

Ins.

Ins.

Tijd.

Mem.

Bonne
Root

1927

Shannon

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

Am.,

1929

Lima,

Mem.

Ins.

1930

Bonne,

1930

Shannon
10

& Del

Tijd.

46

1938

Kumm

1938

Gabaldon,

1942

Komp,

& Novis,

& al.,

1943

Galvis,

Rev.

1943

Del

Ponte,

1943 Downs

& al.,
& al.,

J.

1923

176.

4 : 993.

Bonne-Wepster

& Bonne,

id.,

11

: 127.

115.
Sur.,

538.

Mon.
Ins.

Sup].,

Ser.,

Bact.

B.

280.

25

A.,

; 1927
: 50.

Root,

Am.

J. Hyg.,

601.

Sot.

Med.,

12

Bact.

Nat.

Mal.

487
35

23

;
:

503.
1

179 :

60,

:
106,

147.

56.

Bogota,

Ins.

27

Caracas,

Bul.

Wash.,

Am.,
Sot.

J. Hyg.,

Hig.,

12
118.

Ent.

Mal.,

Hlth.,

Keys

115,

Ent.

Proc.

Am.

Fat.

1943

46

An.

Ar.

Rev.

14

8 : 95.

Mon.,

Mos.

Cruz,

Div.

Ins.

1942 Galvgo

Sot.,

461.
0.

Shannon,

Nat.

Ent.

Cruz,

147

Rev.

v. Ent.,

Pub.

0.

J. Hyg.,

Ponte,

& Davis,

1933

Russel

:
:

Am.

Y.

& Knab,

& Bonne-Wepster,
(in Boyd),

Ins.

v. Ent.,

1925

N.

80.

Dyar

Mens.,

1926

J.

Brazil,

Howard,

3 : 60.

36.

& Knab,

& Penna,

Cul.,

Bra&l,
States
: Uruguay :

(Theobald, 1903).

rnediopunctatus

Mon.

3, 27 and
Serv.
Esp.

figs.
Rev.

B.

12
A.,

Sot.,

to the An.

24.

11 : 489.
2

: 29.

of the World,

47.

1931 Shannon,
120.

Proc.

Ent.

Sot.

Wash.,

33:

221

ASOPHELINI

-__

_ __

_.._

1943 Russell

& al.,

Keys

1944

Causey

& al.,

Am.

3944

Corr@a

& Ramos,

to the An.
J.

Ar.

Hyg.,
Hig.

1946 Cova-Garcia,

XII

Conf.

1947

Rev.

Esp.

Deane

& al.,

Sau.

World,

Pub.,

Panam.,
Pub.,

Floch

1948

Giglioli,

1949

Lane

1950

Kuyp,

Ii-on.

dyn.

1923

Anopheles

1924

A.

rockefelleri

1927

A.

nigtitarsis

Prado,

Rev.

Biol.

A.

rockefelleri

Boyd,

Am.

J. Hyg.,

1927

S. Paul0
Contr.

(in Boyd),
Ver.

s.vn.1939

Anopheles

1940

Anopheles

1944

39

Ind.

Br.

:
89 :

Christophers,

134.

144

(Shannoniezia)

136.

342, 363.

4.

37.

61 et seq.
A Fl.

Ind.

Med.,

Res.
Hyg.,

Mon.

Mem.,

costalimai

68.

33.

87.
Ser.,

Zimai and costai Fonseca

(Shannonieziu) Eimui Fonseca

101,

324,

405.

Peryassfi,

(Shannoniella)

51,

55.

Guiana,
1

Inst.,

rockefelleri

1943 Anopheles
Crux,

Serv.

Guyane,

(Thesis),

Malariology,

301,

Coutinho,

Mos.

Pasteur

1947

Univ.

47.

2.

& Sau.

San.

Ins.

1947

var.

& Abonnenc,

of the

39

: 40.

& Ramos,

& Ramos

Fonseca

&

Mem.

(emend.),
Ramos

(in

Ins. Butantan,

Rev.

Ent.,

Coutinho),

13

:384.

11 : 966.
Mem.

Ins.

0.

425.

Anopheles

(8.)

costalimui

Corrda

1947 Anopheles

(8.)

costalimui

Coutinho,

Ramos,
Univ.

Ar.

Hig. & Sau. Pub., 9

S. Paulo,

134.

55.

Female - Head : Proboscis blackish, as long as fore femur, the basal scales
erect, labellum the color of proboscis. Palpus blackish, scales erect, a few white
ones on joints and at apex. Antenna with brown torus, a few white scales dorsally ; flagellum with white scales on segment I. Occiput with whitish margin,
covered with brown, forked scales except anteriorly and on vertex where they are
white and mixed with long proclinate ones which surpass the first flagellar
segment, setae of vertex whitish, oculars dark brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown, setae of this color and with white scales.
Mesonotum whitish pruinose, peppered with dark dots and with three large spots ;
covered with narrow, golden and rounded white scales on the sides ; acrostichal,
dorsocentral and supralar setae light brown. Scutellum with a mid spot in continuation to the prescutellar one, small golden hairs besides the marginal row of setae.
Postnotum blackish, lighter on the sides. Pleura blackish with lighter areas and
with white scales on posterior pronotum, sternopleura and mesepimeron.

Fig.

186.

Anophcles

(Arribalgaeia)

mediopunctatus

(Theobald,

1903).

Wing.

Original.

Legs : Fore and mid coxae dark brown, hind ones lighter, covered with white
scales. Femora lighter internally, peppered with white. Tibiae with more numerous
white spots than femora. Tarsi I peppered with white, the median with less spots
and the hind one with more white than dark. Fore tarsi with segments II-IV
peppered with white, V whitish. Mid tarsi white on joints of II and III, IV dark,
V whitish. Hind tarsi with I peppered, II blackish with several white spots, III

white at base and extensively so at apes, IV white with a single (or two) black
spots, 1 white.
Wing with broad white and blackish scales (fig. 186). Sixth vein with white
or dark scales predominating.
Abdomen blackish, with poster0 lateral tufts on segments II-VII.
Tergites
covered with light brown hairs, VI and VII with a few white scales, VIII with
white scales in larger number and intermixed with dark ones. Sternites covered
from tergite I, chiefly with white scales, some dark ones at apex. Cerci with dark
brown scales.
M&
- Antenna strongly plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 187). Basistyle with a short, basal seta inserted on a sclerotized base, a supplementary seta on side ; internal seta longer and slenderer than
t,he basal one ; near apex a very long, slender seta. Inner lobe of claspette setose
except internally where it is nearly nude, with a long sinuous seta at apes, a smaller
sinuous one below it followed by yet another short, spatulate set,a ; out,er lobe
ending in a characteristic, differentiated seta, followed by another similar one.
Mesosome elongate, tubular with an apical pair of leaflets which are broad and
pilose on internal basal margin to nearly the middle. Ninth tergite with two long
tapering, slender filaments.

Fiz.

185.

Anopheles

(Arrihalzagia)

Free

drawing.

hand

mediopunctntns

(Theohald,

1903).

l\lale genitalia.

Original.

Ptcpa - Coutinho (1944) for A. coslali~nai : - Trompa respiratoria de forma

de urn c&lice sem pe, tendo no bordo do c&lice uma salidncia digitiforme.
-4bd6men corn espinhos pbstero-laterais presentes e visiveis do 20 ao 8 segmento, o espinho do 20 segment0 6 vestigial, vao gradativamentc aumentando ate
o 80 que 6 forte e tendo na metade apical filamcntos laterais, espinho da palh&a
natatoria forte e corn Scpiceramificado, a borda da palh&a natatoria @visivelmente
revestida de pclos filamentosos.

.\

II

l-z I.

a r,

d-3

Larva (fig. 188). Cabeqa - clipeais anteriores internas muito prdsimas,

mais longas que as externas, retas e lisas at6 a extremidade apical que dB t&s filamentos. Externas mais curtas que as internas, dicotbmicas apresentando 15 filamentos longos, laterais. Clipeais posteriorcs muito curtas e finas dando dois ramos
na estremidadc.

189.

188.
Fig.

188.

Anopheles

hairs.
Fig.

189.

(Arribalaagia)

(Based

Egg.
(Based
est. 2).

on

Coutinho,

mcdiopunctatus
1943,
Blem.

on

Causey,

Deane

&

Ikane,

(Theobald,
Ins. 0. Cruz,
1947,

1903).
Larva.
39:
431,
fig.

Serv.

Esp.

Sau.

Clypeal
6).

Pub..

1:

Pelos protor&cicos. Grupo sub-mediano. P610 interno muito reduzido dando

dois filamentos a partir do meio -- Mkdio implantado em pequeno tub6rculo dando
10 ramos laterais, externo simples. Pelos humbrais. Interno forte e curto corn
ramos laterais a partir da base, dando 15 filamentos, n&dio largo forte e intensamente ramificado a park da base, externo muito longo, fino c simples.
Tufos palmados. Presentes no m&at&ax, muito reduzido c pouco quitinizado.
Pelos palmados abdominais presentes no lo e 20 segmento, muito reduzidos.
-4 partir do 30 segmento 60 hem visiveis e muito quitinisados, foliolos de Spice
serrilhado semelhantes a Anopheles grupo Arribalzagia.
Pelos alongados laterais
do abdbmen, presentes no 5 e 60 segmentos, longos, finos e simples. Placa quitinosa
dos tergitos abdominais presentes em todos OS segmentos, a 8. 6 duas vexes a 7..
Pento do 8 segmento corn sete dentes grandes e denticulos nos espa$os que separam
OS grandes .
Egg - Causey, Deane & Deane (1944): - (fig. !89>. In most specimens from
the Awz,on region the areas enclosed by frills are large and more elongated. Occasionally an extra frill surrounds isolated small area on median line. The frill is
rarely continuous from tip to tip of egg, enclosing narrow black band.

Type locality - Brasil,

Distribution - Panama
Brasil and Argentina.

Anopheles
1927

Anopheles

Root,

1928 Dyar,

Mos.

1929 Lima,

Mem.

1933 Shannon,
1942

&

0.
Ent.

Ramos,

Ar.

1943

Russell

& al.,

Keys

1944 Cnusey

&c al.,

-4m.

1944 Co&a

Cir.

1947 Deane

& al.,

(in Boy;l),

syn.

Anopheles

Root, 1927.

fluminensis

602.

Supl.

12

Sot.

Wash.,

35

Hig.
Exp.,

for
J.

Ar.

&
7

the An.

Hyg.,

39

: 285 ;
: 120.

Sau.
of the

& Sau.

Pub.,

(Thesis),

53.

Esp.

Sau.

(A.)

hdmbergi

Pub.,
1

Pinto,

id.,

23

154.

38.

Del

World,

45.

2.

Hip.

tialariology,

Pub.,

1930

133.

S. Paulo,

Rev.

1949 Lane
1945

Clin.

& Ramos,
Univ.

Hyg.,

Crue,

Ar.

1943 Grieco,

1947 Coutinho,

J.

? Type in B. &I.
: Ecuador

: Guianas

484.

Ins.

Proc.

Corr&s

(Arribalzagia)

Am.

Am.,

State of S. Paulo, Cubatao

: Venezuela : Colombia

1 :

133.

297,

300,

324,

342.

405.
Ponte

$ Heredia,

Rev.

Sot.

Ent.

Arg.,

12:

382.

Female - Proboscis blackish, longer than fore femur ; labellum yellowish.

Palpus nearly the length of proboscis, with shaggy black scales, white ones at
base of segments and some scattered ones on segment III.
Occiput with erect
black scales, white ones on vertex forming a tuft, ocular margin white.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with black scales. Mesonotum grayish pruinose with
the three blackish marks, many minute brown dots, chiefly between the acrostiehals ; setae golden, short ; acrostichals and dorsocentrals in dense, irregular
rows, sparse white scales from dorsocentrals to margin anteriorly ; promontory
with a tuft of erect, black scales intermixed with filiform white ones. Scutellum
grayish, pruinose, black in the middle. Pleura greyish pruinose, with blackish
spots, upper mesepimeron with a small group of white scales.
Legs : Coxae light brown with patches of white scales. Femora and tibiae
blackish, peppered with white spots. Front basitarsus wit,h five white spots
on dorsal side, tarsal segments II-IV
white at base and apex, V whitish.
Mid
tarsi dorsally with eight white spots on I, four on II, base and apex of II, base
middle and apex of IV, V white/ Hind tarsi dorsally with ten white spots on I,
four on II and III, three on IV, V whitish.
Wing with markings as in fig. 190. Haltere with whit,e stem, the knob
blackish, internally with dense patches of scales.

Fig.

190.

Anophdev

(Arribnlzagia)

fluminensis

Root,

1927.

Wing.

Original.

Abdomen blackish with yellow coarse hairs ; lateral tufts on segments II

to VII.
Male - Palpus as long as proboscis. Antenna with brown torus, strongly
plumose, the hairs golden.

225

ANOPHELINI

Genitalia : (fig. 191). Basistyle with two parabasal spines and an internal
spine also. Dorsal lobes of claspette with two long sctae. Mesosome with five pairs
of leaflets, the margins of leaflets smooth, the upper one long and broad, evenly
sclerotized, the others gradually diminishing in size.

Fig.

191.

Anopheles

(Arribalzagia)

(Based on Root, 1927,

Fig. 192. -

fluminensis

Am. J. Hyg.,

Boot,

3927.

Male

genitalia.

Xcsosome.

7: pl. 5, fig. 11).

Egg. (Based on Causey, Deane & Deane, 1347, R,ev. SCIT. Esp. San. Pub.,
1: est. 2).

Pupa - Root (1927) : - In the pupae, on the other hand, the breathing
trumpets of some species, at least, show characteristic and peculiar {modifications.
In my pupal skins of jl~~~inensis, the breathing trumpets arc, different from those
of the other Brazilian species, .being most like those of pserldornaclllipcs, and decidedly differwitS from those of znferrrreclills and mediopunctnt~ts.

-1 r\T 0 P H E L I r\ I

22G

Lurz~n It may be worth noting that while the ArribaZzagia larvae are
readily distinguishable, as a group, bay the form of the outer pair of clvpeal hairs,
it is verv difficult to find any distinctive character for differentiating the larvae
of the different species.
Egg Deane, Causey & Deane (1947) : (fig. 192). LOvos

levemente
ccincavos na face dorsal ; flutuadores compridos e quase paralelos em sua margem
dorsal ; ourela larga e ngo sinuosa, limitando uma faixa longitudinal larga, truncada
nas extremidades ; superficic corn desenho reticulado hexagonal, esc@to na Area
limitada pela ourela.
lype locality - Brasil,
State of Rio de Janeiro, Itaperuna. Type in U.S.K.M.
Distribution - Brasil,
States of Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo, CearB, Bahia, and
GoiAz : Peru, Iquitos.

Subgenus MYZORHYNCHELLA
Theobald,
Mon.
Cul., 4 : 23. Type

1907

Myzorhynchella

1941

Galvfio,

Ar.

2001.

E.

S. Iaulo,

2 :

502.

Theobald, 1907.
M.

nipa.

Adult : Mesonotum with lanceolate whitish-yellow

scales. Abdomen without) scales except on genital segments. Wing
with spot R. 2 very small on costal region, 6th. vein with two large
black spots. Male : Genitalia with mesosomal leaflets and with two
leaflets apically which are expanded, besides a subapica,l one in the
shape of a spine.
Pupa and egg - Do not show subgeneric characters.
Larva Anterior clypeal hairs very approximate. Prothorax
with hair 1 quite removed from its opposite (the space between them
is larger than half the length of the head) and with filamentous hranches ; hair 6 long on segments IJ, 1 and VI ; hair 9 absent ; hair 11
present on segments II to JII.
Characters

Key

for

the

species

of

MYZORHYNCEIELL

i.

**

Adult.

1. Wing with white predominating on the 3rd. vein . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.

J$ing with 3rd. vein black, with two small white spots in the
middle and two at apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lutzi
2. Third longitudinal vein whit)e with three black spots . . . . parvz~s
This vein with two sub-terminal black spots . . . . , . . . . antunesi
Male

genitalia.

1. Anal lobe pilose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.

Anal lobe nude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . antunesi
2. Mesosome with apex curved and hooklike . . . . .
. . . . . parvus
Mesosome with apex rounded . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . Zutxi
--

* We have used characters and descriptions given in t,his paper to a very

large extent,.
** The above kcvs are adapted from Galvao,
515-521.

1941, ,Ir.

Zool.

S. Paulo, 2

Head hair 4 long ; abdominal hair 6 with five branches ; hair 1

present on segments II to TII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.
Head hair 4 small and with four or five branches ; abdominal
hair 6 wit,h five to ten branches ; hair 1 hyaline and present
only on segments III to T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72&i
2. Head hairs 8 and 0 simple or double ; prothoracic hair 1 feathered
and with thick branches ; abdominal hair 6 of IV to 11 with
four or five branches ; hair 1 from segment I to 1
1
1 . . . parvus
Head hairs 8 and 0 with four or more branches ; prothoracic hair
1 with branches at about same height and with slender filaments ; abdominal hair 6 of segments IV to VI with two or,
at most 3, branches ; hair 1 present from segment II to TII
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nntzrnesi
1.

Anopheles
1101

-4nopheles

Cr~le,

1904

Pyrftophows

1237

Thcobalti,

1907

Myzc~~~ynci~r/!n

l!KI8

Irrpssti,

(3Iyzorhynchella)

Braz.

hlcd.,

nourroul,
AIOll.

1909

Neivs,

1917

dnophelea

1921

Myzorhynchflla

Rlos.

Cd.,

Cheqts,

OS Cul.
&fern.

Ins.

0.

1923

(Nyssorhynchus)
Anopheles

1926

Myzo,hqnchella

1928

D>-ar,

Mos.

36, 64.

EF~.

Cruz,

Cd.

Am.,

Rla~il,

Kac.,

23

278.

Am.

Mus.

.J. Hrg.,

Sm.

J.

RIos.

Hyg.,

1930

Pinto,

Shannon,

1937

Ramos,

1938

(Nyssorhynclius)
12:

Xlem.

531.

1927

tNyssorhync}~us)

Root,

id.,

7 :

599.

422.

In<.

PIO~.
.Ir.

0.

Cruz.

Ent.

Hig.

Sot.

23

Supl.

Mem.

Ins.

0.

1931

Pinto,

Rev.

Lied.

1.54 ;

Wash.,

& Sau.
GalvZo,

(Myzo,.hyncheZTo)
et al.,

Galvdo,

Pub.,
Rev.

Ieryassfi,

Ar.

Dep.

Air. Zool.

I!+41 CorrFa

& Hamoq,

1943

Grieco.

AI.

cluz,

3 :

93 :

1929

Lima,

irl.,

Cir.

Bmz.,

40

29.

: 49.

33

215.

Biol.

& al.,

Cir.

E.

S.

Ar.

Hig.

Exp.,

51 ; 1940 GalrRo

21

31.

I-Ivz.,

Russell
Unti

Keys

1947

Coutinho,

1950

l.ane,

(in BoJ-d),

q-:1.

1907

it&/rorhjjnchda

1913

iZ?rophP/es alhifnrsis
I:

Ar.

Vniv.

Med.,

Sau.

R.

& Sau.

& Amaral,

Eol.

Clin.

et Blol.

Pub.,

21.

38, 321.

Malariolo,p,

World,

Puh.,

Thesis,

niqra

do Sul.,

321.

of the

& San.

S. Paula,

Gde.

133.

to the An.
Hir.

Pau!o,

1943

& Ramos,

A Fl.

Est.

1944

1928

158.

1940 Pinto
1941

Sul.,

52

275.

1933

1940

: 971.
: 2.7.

Mon..

Ar.

1928 Nyssorhy~~c/~7rs (Myron ~fync/ie/Zn) Lima,

12:

3.

: 73.

& linnb,

I% Bonne-lVep.,ter,
Root

190 1.

Crux,

40.

Dyar

Root.

Sonnr

Brnz.,

Nov.

lerynssti,

1925

lutzi

423.

: 80.

Brazil,

Howard.

13 :

Theobald,

(pro parte,

29

46.

1944 Corren

& Ranlo;,

id.,

132.

52.
404.
Mon.

Cul.,

ner Arribalzirra~,

78

Ii:~nb,

1910 Theobald,
Am.

id.,

J. T~oJ). Diq.

46.

& Prev.

nlr(l.,

35.

Anopheles

(Nyssorl~yr~chusi

gmrnni

Shannon

(in D~nr),

Mos.

Am.,

441.

Female - Proboscis slightly longer than length of fore femur, dark brown,
labellum brown. Palpus covered with blackish, erect scales ; segments I to IV
with white scales at apex, more extensive on IV. Antenna with dark brown torus ;
flagcllnr segment I with a few white scales, all of them with whitish pilosity.

Occiput with dark brown, forked scales intermixed with white ones, at vertex
there are long white scales and setae forming a tuft ; ocular setae blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with blackish setae and scales, a few white
ones present also. Mesonotum with dark brown integument, lighter on the sides
and with a blackish longitudinal stripe : sparselv covered with white scales, the
acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae brown. Scutellum darker in the middle,
the marginal setac long and bearing white scales. Postnotum dark brown. Pleura
blackish with lighter margins on scleritcs and white scales on sternoplcura and
mcsepimeron.
Legs : Cosae brown, the posterior one lighter, covered with tufts of white
scales. Fcmora with a white basal ring and another beyond base, internallv whitish
as well as at apex and with a preapical external white spot on mid and lcind ones.
Tibiae dark, internally and on apes whitish, with whitish scales dorsally. Fore
and mid tarsi dark, the apes white ; tarsus I whitish internally.
Hind tarsi with
an apical white ring on I, II with the apical two fitfhs white, other segments white.
Vying with narrow scales (fig. 193). Haltere with whitish stem and blackish
knob.

193.
Fig.

193.

Anophelee
-1~. Zool.,

Fig.

195.

Pupa.

195.
(Myzorhynchelln)
2: pl. 3, fig. 7).
(Based

on

Galviio,

lutzi

1941,

Cruz,

ar.

1901.

Zool.,

2:

Wing.

pl.

(Eased

on

GalvBo,

5).

Abdomen with dark brown integument, covered with hairs of this color ;
the last, sternite with a few white scales ; cerci
,
with blackish scales
J/ale - Genitalia : (fig. 194). Uasistyle with black scales on external surface
and white ones on the internal one ; basal seta inserted on a pedicelate tuberclc,
flattened, the apex rounded and curved ; parabasal setac very close toglther and
inserted on small tubercles near the middle of basisty*lc, they are flattened, straight
and pointed ; internal scta slender and pointed ; anal lobe pilose and strongly
sclcrotizcd on the sides. ilIesosome broad, with a pair of thick leaflets and numerous
teeth. Claspette with two apical leaflets and a flattenel seta which is broad and
subapical, one of the leaflets is very broad at base. Lobes of clsqxttcs high, striate,
mesiall,y fused, expanded at base and smooth.
Pupa - Tube (fig. 195). Abdomen with hairs S. T and U of segment I dcveloped ; C and B developed only from segment III onwards ; hair A vestigial on
segment II, devclopel on III-YIII,
on TII not longer than half the length of segment. Paddle oval, the midrib indistinct and not, reaching the apical hair which is
strong and short. Subapical hair small and biramous, external margin of paddle
serrate and formed by small sipines on apical external third, the rest smooth.
LCWUU- (fig. 196). Hea 1 : Hairs 2 verv close together, simple (clypeal indes
4/Z) ; 3 slightly shorter than 2 and with vestigial branchlets ; 4 with four or five
slender and short branches ; 8 with four or five branches.
Thorax : Prothorax with hair 1 quite removed, the tuft] formed by small,
slender, filamentous branches ; metathorax with hair 4 in thick, hyaline branches.
Abdomen : IIair 1 present only on segments III, IV and V and hyaline to
such an extent that they are only visible with difficulty at high magnifications ;
on other scgmcnts these hairs are substituted by very fine, filamentous branches ;

0 P IT E I> I S

229

19G.

194.
Fig.

Fig.

194.

196.

Anuphelcs
(Myznrhyzmchella)
Galv50,
1041,
Ar.
Zool.,

2:

lutzi
Cruz,
p. 4, fig.

Lnrrn.
Head,
(A)
Prothoras
(B)
and
on Gal\-50,
1941,
dr.
Zoo]., 2 : 111. G).

1901.
10).

I\Tnle

ahdominnl

genitalia.

segments,

(Based

(C).

on

(Based

hairs 6 and 7 double on wgmcnts I and II, simple in III, in IF to VI they are very
slender and are not inserted on a sclcrotized base, having four to eight branches
except in VI whcrc they have a large number of branchq in VI and \-II they are
very small and with short branches while in 1-I only hair 6 exists and is very short.
Hair 11 is present on srgmtnts III to VIII.
Eqy - (fig. 197). With about 460 micra in length and 160 in greated width.
Floats narrow and with 22-30 divisions. Cephalic structuw minute, terminal and
anterior to floats. Floats united in micllinc of anterior and posterior portions.
into ovate, granulate
Caudal strwturc
abwnt.
Exochorion frw, diffcrcnliutctl
and low r)lwations.
7~ypc locality - Brad,
Stntc of Rio tl~ Janeiro, 13otaniwl Gardens. Type
in I. 0. C.
States of Rio tic Janeiro, S5o Paulo, Minas Gerais,
Dist~i6~fior~ - Brasil,
Bahia, Go&z, Pcrnambuco, Amazonas and Rio Grandc do Sul.

1907
1938
1!)09
1918
1921
192.5
1927
1925
1931
1932
l9lO

-1 S

230

19%

Cova-Garyin.

19-M

Corr&~

R; Rnlnos,

1917

Deane

& al.,

1847

Coutinho,

XII

tollf.

Rrv.

Vniv.

Serv.

Fig.

197.

Fig.

201.-1.

Fig.

203.

Fig.

203.

Anoplnelrs
Jr.
Zool.,
-

Tanon~.,

& %II.
EST,. Sau.

S. Iaulo,

203.

201-A

San.

-11. Hq.

0 I II

ThePi*,

III~)..
lub.,

1 :

E L I N I

43,

94,

117.

; 1944Ullti &
: ZK, 299, 320, 343,

9 : 132
7

: 29.

id.,

on

Galrtio,

363.

52.

197.
(Myzorhynchdla)
2:
filly. 1).

pl. 1I -

RX~IOS.,

203.
lutzi

CYUZ,

1901.

I:gq.

(Eased

((lla~ns
1907).
Ser. Es;>. Sah.

1:nl\-k)
fiq. 3).

Egg.
Pub.,
1

1941,

(Bt1srd
on
(2):
111. 1).

(Cased

Pe?nale Proboscis and labcllum blackish, covcrcd with spatulatc scales

and small dark sctae. Palpus blackish, with lanccolate, narrow scales and small
white rings 011 apes of segments I to III and apical half of IV. ,1ntennac Lvith
blackish torus, flagellum blackish with grayish brown setae ; verticils distinct :
segment I with white lanceolate, narrow scales at base. Vertex blackish with filiform, white scales, vcrv long 011 anterior portion and small, spatulate, postcriorlv.
Occiput black, covered with white scales in the center, and black ones on the
sides, they are spatulatc and broad or spatulatc and narrow or even lanccoalate
and blunt ; ocular setac blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish, covered with blackish scales and setac.
Mcsonotum dark grayish, with whitish yellow scales, behind they are narrower
with a more yellowish sheen ; thcrc are two nude, lateral integumental stripes on
the sides : intc~gument with longitudinal darker stripes ; anteriorly with a circular
black spot ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae blackish. Scutellum blackish, with fifteen dark marginal setae besides smaller ones and white scales.
Pleura blackish ; posterior pronotal setae blackish, spiraculars white, mixed with
a few white scalrs ; sternopleura with a tuft of white scales and black setae on
upper margin and another on the hind one ; a prealar tuft and another on upper
portion of I11cscI>illlcIo11,meron nude.
Legs : Fore pair ; cosa dark brown with blackish sctac and an upper tuft
of white scales ; trochanter with white scales on lower portion and a few black ones
supcro posteriorly ; femur blackish with a few yellowish scales on anterior margin
forming two longitudinal stripes and a few white scales at apes, posterior margin
with basal two thirds blackish, the apical third yellowish, with a small white
spot and a sub basal one : tibia blackish, peppered with light scales, the apes
white on anterior margin, the posterior one whitish yellow with the ends blackish
and the apes white ; tarsus I blackish with an apical white distinct ring, a longi-

.I

;I

0 P

II E L I

031

tudinal stripe of vellom scales on posterior margin ; II blackish, apical fifth white ;
III blackish, apical third white ; IV and V blackish. Uid pair. Goss with a
tuft of white scales and black setae on upper portion and on each lower angle.
Trochanter dark brown with white scales and black sttae ; femur black, peppered
with yellowish scales on anterior margin, a white subapical spot, and narrow white
ring near apex ; tibia black with a longitudinal stripe of yellow scales on each
side not reaching apex which is black with white scales at end ; tarsus I black,
with a broad apical ring and peppered with yellow scales on posterior margin, II
blackish with apical fourth white, III with abical third white : IV and V blackish.
Hind pair ; coxa and trochanter light brown with blackish sctae and a few white
scales ; femur blackish peppered with yellow scales and a white subapical spot on
external margin and a longitudinal yellow stripe which does not, however, reach
the end of internal margin ; apes with white scales ; tibia blackish, peppered with
yellowish scalcs, the apes white ; tarsus I blackish with a few yellow scales and
a nitid apical ring, II with the basal half blackish and the apical one white, segments III to V white.
Wing (fig. 198). Halterc with whitish stem and blackish knob.
~1bdomen blackish, with irregular lighter pattern ; covered with dark setac ;
ccrci with blackish inferoesternal scales and tiuperomtcrnal white ones.

198.
Fig.

Pig.

19s.

200.

200.

Amphcles
(Myzorhyncldla)
C;nlv50,
1941,
Ar.
Zoo].,
(Eased

Pupa.

on

2:

Gnlr%o,

Xale - Genitalia : (fig. 19!1).

on ventral and external portions and
slender, pointed, straight, inserted
strong, flattened, saberlikc, curved

1941,

199.

Anopheles
(Myzorhyncda)
some showing
hook.
(Based

Fig.

201.

Larva.
Zoo].,

Clypeal
~1. 8,

(Chapas,
fig.

_Ir.

Win 0.
v

1907).

(Rnsrd

on

20).
Zool.,

2:

pl. 5).

13asistyle conical, covered with blackish scales

white ones on the dorsal one ; basal sets long,
on a pedunculate tubercle ; accessory setae
and inserted on discreete elevations on basal

Pig.

2:

parws
171. 7,

parvus
(Chagas,
1907).
Male
genitalia.
Xesoon Galv5o,
1941,
_Yr. Zool., 2: pl. 8, fig. 21).

hairs
and prothoracic
figs.
22 and 23).

tuft.

(Based

on

Galdo,

1941,

Ar.

232

ASOPIIELINI

third of basistylc ; internal seta slender, long and inserted between the accessory
ones and the apex ; anal lobe conical, strongly sclerotized laterally and covered
with fine pilosity from base nearly to apex. Mesosome strongly sclerotized, the
apex curved and hoo!c like with a pair of short leaflets which are short, pointed
and without teeth. Claspcttes conical, with three leaflets, two apical espanded ones
from base and a subapical one. Lobes of claspette fused on midline, low, rounded,
smooth and slightly expanded basally.
Pzipn - (fig. 200). Abdomen with hairs L and &I much longer than in the
other species of this subgenus ; seta iz present on segment II. Paddle with a very
long, thick, curved apical scta, the external and lower margin fringed with long
hairs, midrib reaching the apical spine.
Larva - (fig. 201). Head : Seta 2 wit,hout branches, close together (clypeal
index 5) ; 3 slightly shorter than 2 and with vestigial branches ; 4 long but, with
vestigial branches ; 8 long, simple on one side and with two branches on the other.
Thorax : Prothorax with hair 1 much wider apart than in A. nryyritarsis,
large, thicker and plumelike ; tuft 1 quite visible ; hair 4 palmate.
abdomen with tuft 1 present on segments I-VII, quite sclerotized, the leaflets
narrow, straight, pointed ; hairs 6 and 7 present on the first two segments, in III
only one is present, in IV, V and VI they are smaller and with five to six branches.
Egg - Described by Causey, Deane and Deane (set fig. 201 A.).
Type locality- Brad,
State of Xinas Gerais, Oliveira. Type in I. 0. C. ?
I1is~~%ution - Brad,
States of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Sgo Paulo,
Mato Groeso, Pernambuco, Bahia, Sergipc, AlagGas, Paraiba and Rio Grande do
Norte.

Anopheles
19-10 Anophclcs

(AIyxorhynchella)
(Myzorhylnchella)

1941

Gdv50,

=Ir.

1943

Russell

& al.,

Zool.

1944

Unti

1947

Coutinho,

1950

Zane

(in

S. Iaulo,

Keys

R- Rnmos,
Univ.
RoycD,

G,zlvBo

dr.

to the
13~~.

S. Inulo,

2 :
An.

Fo!.

Clin.

et Viol.,

& Amaral,
12 :

1940.

150.

539.
of the

C! Sau.
Thesis,

ninla1iolog3-,

Galviio

antunesi
S: _imard,

Pub.,

World,

43.

8 : 29 ;

1944

Co~rb.

& Ranos,

id.,

: 133.

52.

401.

Female - Proboscis uniformly coverer1 with dark brown scales. Palpus with
black scales and hairs, apex of segment IT, III and IV and distal half of 1 with
white scales. Antenna ; torus dark brown and nude : flagellum with gravish hairs,
segment I n-ith white scales. Occiput dark brown, with white scales in the middle,
dark ones on the sides where there are black settle ; vertex with long n-hitc scales
and brown sdae ; ocular setac dark brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown with hairs of this color. Mesonotum
dark brown with yellow scales forming five longitudinal stripes, separated by nude
areas, the median stripe reaches prescutellar area where there is a median black
stripe ; thexe is also a rounded spot on distal portion of anterior third ; acrostichal,
dorsocentral and supralar selac dark brown. Scutellum light brown with fifteen
sctae besides smaller ones and a few oellowish scales. Pleura with dark brown
integument ; propleura with a tuft of dark brown setae ; proepimeron nude ;
spiracle with light setae ; postspiraclc nude ; sternopleura with dirty white scales
and black sctae on upper portion and another patch of scales and setae in the
middle posteriorly ; there are prealar and mesepimeral patches of scales.
LCgi, except on coxac and trochanters with brown scales and dirty white
ones. Fore pair ; coxa with dirty white scales on upper and lower portions mixed
with a few brown setac. Trochanter light brown with dirty white and brown setae.
Femur dark brown, posterior margin with dirty white scales, denser on basal third
but leaving two spots, one basal, the other near base ; anterior margin with sparse
white scales at base. Tibia dark brown with apical dirty white ring and yellow
scales forming an anterior stripe. Tarsus I dark brown with sparse scales on basal
third of anterior margin and a dirty white apical ring ; II with a dirty white ring ;

A S 0

II

E:

L I

233

III to V dark brown. Mid pair ; COSR

asin fore pair. Trochanter with dirty white
scales. Femur with a sub basal yellow spot which extends to the posterior margin
and a subapical isolated one ; posterior margin yellow except for the subapical
portion which is black, apes with a yellow ring ; tibia dark brown, both sides
with vellow scales peppering it, apes with dirty white scales, tarsus I with a few
yellowish scales at apes, other segments dark brown. Hind pair ; coxa brown,
with a tuft of dirty white scales and brown setae in the middle, hind margin with
long, brown Mae. Trochanter with dirty white scales and brown sctae on anterior
margin. Femur yellow on distal four fifths of anterior margin a dirty white subapical spot not, forming a ring, apes with a few yellow scales. Tibia dark brown
with longitudinal peppering of yellow scales on both sides, apes with a narrow white
ring. Tarsus I with aDica1 white rine ; II with basal three fifths dark, the rest
white ; III to V whitc.
Wing (fig. 202).

204.
Fiy.

202.

Fig.

204.

antuncsi
GalT50
S
2: pl. 9, fig.
25).
Larra.
Galr50,

Clypeal
hairs,
prothoracic
group
1941,
Ar.
Zool.,
2:
12 figs.

111.

_~mn~~:~l, 1940.

Wing.

(Based

and abdominal
33, pl. 11 figs.

Malp - ,\ntcnna with long brown hairs. Palpus dark brown, the apes of
segments II-I\
as well as distal half of V with dirty white scales ; III with many
brown sctae on lower margin. Legs with white apical ring on tarsus III of foreleg.
Wing with upper branch of 2nd vein lvith a yellow subapical spot near subcosta ;
3rd. vein yellowish with two small black subapical spots : 5th. vein with a few
yellow scales at. base, others on basal third and yet others before branch.
Genitalia : (fig. 203). Ijasistvlc and dististyle as in A. parcus ; a basal short,
broad, foliaccous, blunt, curved scta inserted in a very prominent tuberclc ; parabasal setae a little beyond basal third, flat, saberlike, pointed and inserted in separate, distinct tubercles ; internal seta long, slcndcr, at same level as parabasals
but insertcad in discreete tubercle. _\nal lobe conical, stronglv sclerotized on the
sides, membranous and hvalinc in the center, smooth. 11Iesosomc>strongly sclerotizcd laterally on distal half except at apex which is lighter, narrower and blunt
at apes ; leaflets slightly curved, strongly sclerotized, with four to six teeth on
external margin, inserted on mesosome on apical fifth, hasc of insertion hyaline.
Claspette with ventral lobes rough, conical, with three leaflets, two of them very

234

II

E Id I

cspslldedand inserted at apex, the other more slender. Dorsal lobes high, broad,
the apex blunt, slightly expanded laterally and fused on midline where they show
a strongly sclcrotiaed, longitudinal structure that ends in a notch ; the lobes smooth
but with numerous longitudinal structures, the lateral expansions developed and
smooth.
Pupu Similar to A. Iz&i.
Lnrva - (fig. 204). Head : Hair 2 very close (clypeal index 5), slightly longer
t,han 3 with vestigial branches ; hair 3 with a few vestigial branches ; 4 thick,
long, with vestigial branches at apex (sometimes the branches are distinct) ; hairs
5, 6 and i as in _\;yssorhgnchzts ; 8 long and with two or three branches ; 9 with
five or sis branches.
Thorax : Prothoras with hair 1 quite scparatctl from its opposite, bearing
five to scvc>n filamentous branches insertrbd at same 1~~~1, some of them dichotomized. Otht~r sctae as in AYyssorhynchus. Vflntr:tl thoracic setac small.
,1bdomen : Hair I with 16-20 leaflets, t hc apes hyaline and pointed, present
on srgrnc>nts II-VII,
on I substituted by a sets with two or three filamtnts ; t,his
hair has its clcmcnts arrangc:i like a partially closed fan ; hair 6 on first three
segments substituted by long setae, with two branches on segments IV-U.
Tergal
plat ts small, triangular, the eighth larger and more rounded. YostcGor flap of
spiracular apparatus with a short spine.
Egg - (fig. 205). With frills at, ends n-hi& are narrow : 29 float ridges gradually fusing into frills ridges irregular on central portion, there are longitudinal
stripes which can be divided three or four times. Where the floats change into
frills, the float ridges are shorter and the stripes change into an irregular pattern
with dots or oblique traces ; free space between frills large ; internal margins of
floats can be united in the middle of egg or quite separated. Exochorion free, ornamented with discreet oval or rounded elevations, the ground color black, the margins toothed ; these elevations arc quite separated by spaces in which the esochorion is peppered ; the cephalic end has the float ridges inflected on upper surface
of egg leaving the cephalic end without] frill but with a rounded surface, the caudal
end has a real frill with a sharp edge.
7r/pc ZorcrZi2y
- Brad,
State of S. Paula, Campos do Jordgo. Type in F. M.
I1~st,-ib~tiorr; - That of type locality.
Subgenus ;IJYSSORHYNCHUS
1002

& Feletti),

1903

. Sot.Biol.,

J. Trop.

Blanchard, 1902.
5 : 181 Type nryyrilnrsis

hled.,

54 : 79.7 -

Type

albimanus

11.-D.

Wicd.

Characters
Adult : Vertex with a tuft of long, proclinat,e,
white scales. Buccopharynx wit,h two rows of curved, developed teeth.
Mesonotum covered with white scales, integument with three blackish
spots, two of them lateral, the third prescutellar. Wing with 3rd. and
6th. veins white except for small dark spots at base and apex. Hind
tarsi with white scales from segment II but black rings may be present on other segments. Abdomen with poster0 lateral tufts except
in A. pictipennis. Genitalia of male with a basal seta inserted in a protuberance and two others which are approximate and inse! ted a little
beyond t,he middle of basistyle.
Pupa - Abdominal segments with hair A long and pointed, B
long and simple. Apical hair of paddle short.
Larva - Antenna with a branched hair at apex. Abdomen with
hair 1 generally lanceolate and never with filaments or notches ; hair
6 generally present and developed on segments IV-VI.

II

L I

h- I

53.5

Eyy - Shows no subgeneric characters.

Bionomics Females are hematophagous, some species prefer
human to animal blood. Most species try to feed at dusk or at night.
Males swarm at dusk. Aquatic stage is passed in swamps, lagoons,
inlets of rivers and natural depressions on soil. They prefer clear water.
Transmission of malaria - The most important malaria vectors in
the Cariba, Tupi and Plateau centers of dispersion and also in Central
America, belong to this subgenus. The most important vector in
Central America is ~4. albimanus. In the Cariba, Plateau and Tupi
centers, the most important vector is ,4. darlingi. Other species of
this genus may be local vectors of malaria.
Transmission of fihriasis - Some species of this subgenus have
been incriminated in the transmission of this Sematelminth.

1. Fifth hind tarsal completely white ; male genitalia with the fused
lobes of clasp&e nude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.
Fifth hind tarsal with a$bla~ckish ring ; male genitalia with the
fused lobes of claspettc pilose (except in 14. albimanus and J.
triannulatus where they are smooth) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Il.
2. First abdominal sternitc with a double row of white scales . . . .3.
This sternitc without white scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.
3. Poster0 lateral abdominal tufts of scales from segment III ; tergites n-it h yellowish scales ; mcsonotum and wing with dirty
lvhite or yellowish scales ; male genitalia with a broad and
lightly sclerotized mesosome ; lobes of claspette forming a
rounded elevation ; anal lobe with hairs on basal third of
paraprocts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..J.
Poster0 lateral abdominal tufts of scales from segment8II ; tergites
without yellowish scales ; mesonotum and wing with white
scales ; male genitalia lvith a narrow mcsosome, strongly
sclerotized, lobes of claspette high the apex rounded laterally
and forming a central depression ; paraprocts nude except on
basal portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brasiliensis
4. First hind tarsal wit,h an apical ring of white scales . . . . . . . . 5.
This segment without a ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.
5. Hind l,arsal II with 7Oyo or more basally black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alhitarsis dbitarsis
nlbitarsis limai
Hind tarsal II with 10 to 53 y0 basallvv black. . a,Zbitnrsisdomwticzls
G. Abdominal tergite VIII
with white scales ; two or more mid
tarsals with an apical ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brasiliensis
* This key and the larval one are modified from those given by G:~lvGo (1044).

236

-1

0 P II

1, I S

Abdominal tergite VIII without white scales ; mid tarsi without

rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . albitarsis (atypical form)
7. Wing with spot B. 2 la.rger than the pre-humeral black one, scales
white ; poster0 lateral tuft of abdomen from segments IV
orV..................................................8.
Wing with spot B. 2 much smaller than the pre-humeral black
one, the light scales yellowish ; poster0 lateral tufts of abdomen
from segment II ; male genitalia with very high mesosome, a
pair of leaflets with large teeth inserted laterally ; anal lobe
smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . da&@
8. Mid tarsi as well as the hind tarsus I, dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.
Two or more mid tarsals and hind tarsus I with apical white
rings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..g.
9. Abdomen without poster0 lateral tufts of scales ; male genitalia
with two very large apically broadened and serrate leaflets
on mesosome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . picfipennis
Abdomen with poster0 lateral tufts from segment II ; male genitalia with moderate, smooth, pointed leaflets on mesosome. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lanei
10. Male

genitalia with curved leaflets bearing small teeth and

rounded apex ; anal lobes pilose over nearly all the paraprocts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . argyritarsis argyritarsis
Male genitalia with high and attenuated apex, the leaflets straight
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . argyritarsis sawyeri
11. Without a black ring on tarsal segment III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.
A black ring on tarsal segment III ; male genitalia as in A.
strodei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rondoni
12. Palpus with penultimate segment bearing white scales . . . . . . .13.
This segment blackish ; male genitalia with fused claspette lobes
smooth, \\Tith t,wo membraneous expansions which are smooth
and weak before them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . abimanus

13. Wing with spot SC. very small or vestigial, B. 2 generally of the
same size or smaller than the pre-humeral black spot ; male
genitalia with the fused lobes of claspette smooth or with apical
expansions ; mesosome without leaflets . . . . . . . . . . . . .14.
Wing with spot SC. broad, B. 2 larger than the pre-humeral black
spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l~.
. . triannulatus triannulatus
14. Fore tarsus IV blackish . . . . . . . .
This tarsus generally with the apical half white. triannzdatus davisi
15. Dark portion of hind tarsus II with less than 207& white. . . . . . .
oswaldoi
Hind tarsus II ivith more
2
C$i &ite ...... ... ...... . . . . 16.
16. Wing with spot SC. moderate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17.

than

A N

I? II

I3 I,

237

Wing with spot SC very large ; male genitalia with the preapical
plate formed by a small semi lunar projection basally directed ;
setae of the basal expansions of lobes of claspettes thick, long,
erect externally and bunched in the internal portion . . . rangeli
17. M:ale genitalia with lobes of claspette without apical expansions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.
This structure with lateral expansions at apes . . . . . . . . . . . . .18.
. strodei
18. The expansions turned sideways . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The expansions directed upwards . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . benarrochi
19. Male genitalia with discreet leaflets on mcsosome or even without
them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ZO.
This structure vvit#hthe leaflets much developed and with serrate
margins . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anomalophyll us
20. Male genitalia with mesosome bearing a high apes . . . . . . . . .21.
This structure a low apex and appearing truncate . . noroestensis
21. Male genitalia with the fused lobes of claspctte with a preapical
ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...22.
Such a structure without a preapical plate which is substituted
by a hyaline ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nunez-tovari
22. Preapical plate of claspette developed . . . . . . . . . . . . gaZviFoi
This plate with two or three central darker granulations ; refringent structure forming a wide arch and sometimes appearing with lateral branching ; basal expansions of t,he basal
lobes of claspettes with slender setae bent in several directions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aquasalis (tarsimaculatus aucts.)
Key

for

the

larvae

of

NYSSORHYNCHUS.

1. Head-hairs 2 very close together (clypeal index 2,s to 3,s) . . . .2.

These hairs separated (clypeal index 1,O to 1,:) . . . . . . . . . . . .3.
2. Prothoracic hairs 1 approximated and with palmate tuft,s . . . .-I.
These hairs separated and wit,h filamentous leaflets . . . . . . . . . . .3.
3. Abdominal hairs 1 finely pointed . . . . . . . . argyritarsis sawyeri
The;e hairs short and thick . . . . . . . . . . argyritarsis argyritarsis
4. Prot8horacichairs 1 not inserted in the same sclerite as 2 ; abdomen
with hair 1 having finely pointed -leaflets ; head with hair 4
trifid or four branched . . . . . . . , . . . . . .
rondoni
strodei
anomalophyllus

Prothoracic hairs 1 and 2 inserted in the same sclerite ; abdomen

with hair 1 with truncate leaflets ; head with hair 4 simple
or bifid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brasiliensis
5. Prothorax with hair 1 having filamentous branches . . . . . . . 6.
Branches on hair 1 palmate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9.

.\ S

238

P H

E I,

I K

Prothorax with hair 1 bearing thick, filamentous branches ;

spiracular apparatus with short lateral expansions . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . triannulatus triannulatus
Prothorax with hair 1 separated and with very fine filamentous
branches..............................................f.
Head wit,h hair 3 bearing inconspicuos branches . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.
Hair 3 dichotomized, very thick and rigid ; internal margins of
p&erior flap of spiracular apparatus with a long seta . . Zanei
Internal margins of posterior flap of spiracular apparatus with
an average seta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . albimanus
Such a flap with a very lon,u seta inserted in a distinct tubercle
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._....................
darlingi
Prothoracic hair 1 with very slender palmate tufts ; tergal plate
of segment VIII slightly larger than in VII ; interspiracular
plate with the lateral processes short or long but never developed as in the following species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lO.
These setae with very slender palmate leaflets ; tergal plate of
segment VIII much larger than that, of VII ; interspiracular
plate with very long lateral processes which are pilose on posterior margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. triannu2atus davisi
. . . 11.
10. Head hairs 2 with short or vestigial branches . . . . .
These hairs with long branches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14.
11. Prothoracic hairs 1, 2 and 3 not inserted in a single plate, hair
1 smaller, lighter and quite removed . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . . . .12. *
Prothoracic hairs 1, 2 and 3 inserted in a single strongly sclerotized plate, hair 1 large, dark and near its opposite . . albitarsis
12. Head hair 4 short and branched near base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13.
Head hair 4 long, usually simple, sometimes divided, far from
the base in two or three branches . . . . . . . . . . . . nunex-tovari
13. Abdominal hair 1 of segments V-VII with rounded or truncate
apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . galvBoi
Such hairs in segments VT-VT11
with apex not truncate. . noroestensis
rangeli
14. Antenna1 hair small, frequently hardly visible . . . . . . , . . . . . .15.
Antenna1 hair large . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . benarrochi
15. Head hairs 2 and 3 with dichotomized branching ; posterior plate
of spiracular apparatus with long arms . . . . . . . . . . . . oswaldoi
Head hairs 2 and 3 not having dichotomized branching ; posterior
plate of spiracular apparatus with shorter arms . . . . . apuasalis
* Modified

from the key given by Deane, Causey & Deane, (1947).

P H

I,

239

.5.
1. Wit,h floats ............................................
.2.
Without floats .........................................
.3.
2. Frills smooth ..........................................
pictipennis
Frills striated ...................................
.4.
3. Exochorion finely granulated ............................
Exochorion with large ret,iculation which forms a, dis&ctive
strodei
pattern ..........................................
argyritarsis sawyeri
4. Frills lateral and even ...................
pessoai (atypical)
Frills dorsal, sinuous .......................
.7.
5. Asinglefloat oneachside ................................
.6.
With several floats on each side ..........................
C. fajardoi
6. With a single cap like structure at one end .........
C. roxeboomi
With two of these structures, one at each end .......
.8.
7. Float ridges with filamentous tips ; frills absent .............
.9.
Float ridges without, such filaments ; frills present .........
peryassui
8. With 20-25 ridges ................................
shannoni
With 30-40 ridges .................................
9. Dorsoapical end with a collar formed by a distinct and detached
.lO.
portion of the frill ...................................
Without such a structure (a small collar-like structure may be
.18.
found but it is not detached from the frill). ..............
parvus
...............
10. With a spine projecting from the collar
11.
Without such a structure ................................
.13.
11. Collar apical ..........................................
.12.
Collar subapical, showing clearly the end of the egg ........
pseudopunctipennis
..........................
Collar
narrow
12.
hectoris
Collar broad ......................................
vargasi
13. Another small collar present at posterior end also .......
.14.
This struct,ure absent ..................................
14. Collar minute ........................................
Collar well developed .................................
15. Floats lateral ........................................
FloatIs dorsal ...................................
16. Floats extending to the posterior end .............
: ........
Floats occupying the middle only .......

..17.
..15.
..16.
nimbus
kompi
rangeli
darlingi

* We have decided to give a general key for the eggs of the Anophelines in
this section due to the importance which the subgenus Nyssorhynchus anil
some other species have in relation to medical entomology. This key is
adapted from J. Lane (in Boyd), Malariology, 1949, 1 : 414-415.

Zuki
17. Floats with from 22-30 ridges ....................
benarrochi
Floats with about 40 ridges .....................
.19.
1s. Floats narrow ........................................
.21.
Floats wide ..........................................
.20.
19. Frills parallel .........................................
neomaculipalpus
Frills united dorsally ........................
intermedius
20. Striation of frill oblique ........................
maculipes
Striation of frill at right angles .................
21. Frills on a dorsoapical opening only, the remainder of the dorsal
.22.
surface occupied by the floats .........................
.23.
Frills on posterior end also, flat in the middle ..............
gaZv6oi
22. Cephalad opening free from the floats .................
aquasalis
This opening partially enclosed by the floats .......
oswaldoi
konderi
noroestensis
anomalophylus
triannulat us chagasi
.24.
23. Frills free from the floats ...............................
.32.
Frills anastomosed with the float,s .......................
.25.
24. Frills with cephalad and caudad openings .................
.28.
Frills more or less parallel sided ..........................
...............................
.2G.
25. The openings very small
..26.
The opening average .................................
......
vestitipennis
26. A narrow band connecting the openings
mattogrossensis
mediopunctatus
This band absent ...........................
vestitipennis
This band interrupted .......................
strodei
................
27. Floats small, median and dorsal
gilesi
Floats large and on whole length dorsally .......
apicimacula
.29.
28. Frills straight ........................................
ciseni
Frills sinuous ................................
punctimac uZa
minor
29. Frills nearly touching in the middle ..................
...30.
Not so .............................................
gambiae
30. Frills wider at the ends ............................
Frills parallel the whole length. .. parapunctipennis guatemalensis
jlunzinensis
31. Frills forming an elevated ridge ..................
..31.
xot so ..............................................
..33.
32. Exochorion smooth ...................................
.34.
Exochorion granulated .................................
albitarsis
33. Frills with slight median incision at ends ...........

_I

E 1, I S

1-I

241

Frills without these incisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brasiliensis

argyritarsis
Floats
median,
with
most
of
the
apical
and
distal
ends
free
. . . .35.
34.
Floats having only the extremities free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39.
. . . . . . . . .36.
35. Floats united in the middle . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .
Floats not united in the middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37.
36. Floats very small and leaving the ends completely free . . rondoni
Floats enclosing the base of both openings . . . . . . . . . . . . la&
37. Exorchorion deeply granulated . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .35.
Esochorion not deeply granulated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cruzi
bellator
38. Floats with more than twenty divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . strodei
boliviensis
Floats with fifteen divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . homunculus
39. Floats dorsal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..dO.
Floats lateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gilesi
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . antunesi
40. Floats united in the middle . . .
triannulatus davisi
Floats separated in the middle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . albimanus
aquasalis
antunesi
triannulatus triannulatus
Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)

1878

Anopheles

Arribalzliga,

1891

Arribalzliga,

1916

BrethEs,

1923

Petrocchi,

1926

Root,

1926

BrethCs

1927

Shannon

1928

Lima,

Alem.

1928

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Nos.

1923

Davlc,

Am.

1930

Pinto,

Mem.

1930

Shannon

1931

Shannon,

Rev.

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Proc.
Mem.
Am.

1933

Shannon,

1933

Gabaldon,

1933

Pessba,

iin.

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0.

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Bact.

11. .i.,

717

id.,

.i

: 32.

103.

An.

Kumm

et al.,

Ramos

& Unti,

Am.

Med.
Rev.

J.

Pub.

: 2.
120.

72.

503.

S. Inulo,
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1
20

Rlsl.,

:
: 144.
: 408.
12 : 7.

282

1937 Galvdo

23 : 2.3 ; 1937 Galvgo

S. I'nulo,

Hyvg.,

Med.,
Serv.

12

Paul.,

Caracas,
Biol.

Trop.
Div.

Mu&.

l?ac.

Ala].,
Rev.

10.

26

35
10

26

23.

200.

Wash.,

An.

Div.

1940

6 :

Cir.,

Fat.

33

& Par.,

Caracas,

&Lane,

Am.,

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Sot.

Med.

1.54.

Sot.

Med.

Med.,

& Bnrretto,

23 :

Ent.

Butnntan,

Ent.

1938 Galvao

437.

Sot.

& Lane,

Pub.

Ins.
20 :

Cruz,

An.

Paul.
Lane,

: 2.52.

443.

Ins.

65 ; 1937 Galv50

136.

28 : 200.

B. _I.,

Rev.

J. Troo.

Fnc.

Arribalzaga, 1878.

albitarsis

131.

702.

Crr~z,

Ent.

11.0~.

309.

& Davis,

Gabaldon,

Bact.
6

Hyg.,

Ins.

Prado,

1940

.i.,

0.

Am.
J.

Kumm,

1938

llata,

B.

Iontr,

Ins.

1931

1937

& Del

1932

1936

La

Ins.

Phya,

A%lgentino,

NW.

J. Hsy.,

albitarsis

Nat.

Xlus.

Mtls.

Rev.

Am.

El

13

: 223.

Lane,

Bc Lane, Rev.

I:ol.
Biol.

Clin

et B~ol.,

111-g., 8

: 41;

19-10 Barrette.
1940

GalviTo,

1941

Corr&

Rev.

Ent.

Rev.

Bbl.

11 :

167.

Hya.,

hi Rnmos,

Ar.

10 : 1G.i ; 1940 Gnlv,?o,

Hy-g.

e SRII.

1941

GalvBo

& Lane,

Rrv.

Biol.

Hyg.,

1941

Kemp,

A&n. -As. Adv.

Sci.,

90

1941

Lucenn,

1942

Iiomp,

Nat.

1942

Corr&

& Ramos,
et al.,

_1n. Sot.

Biol.

Ins.

Causey
Barrett0

1943

Mullin-Diaz,

Corn.

1943

Galvis,

Eac.

1943

Del

1943

Cow&,

Ent.

Rev.

Ionte,

Rev.

CGrieco, Ar.
Ro-is

1923

Downs

rt

1943 Russell

al.,

& Unti,

Bejalano,

1946

Rev.

Cova-Garcia,

1917 Deane

et al.,

Giglioli,

1948

Deane
Ricciardi

var.

et al.,

Rev.

& Lima,

(ind

Boyd),

Ken.

1021

Cellia

Chagas,

1937

Zimai

19Z2

marajoara

1923

imperjectus

Serv.
Rev.

: 2.

Ian.,

Esp.

NV.

Galv50

Sp.

Cor&,

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Sail.

Irib.,
1

89

& Peryassli,
Brazil,

: 24;

83, 118.

9n.

1 :

301,

321,

343,

364.

8.5s.

_2r. 11~~.

Nnc.,

23

70.

118.

I*uc.

Med.
Eol.

Iaul.

S. Palllo.

domesticus

Calv50

6r Damasceno,

<:alvHo,

Ar.

22 :

: 227.

Iul>..

14 : GO.

246.

Ain. Fat.

& S:lll.

13

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Med..

domes&us

H>-g.

: 23.

& Dnmasceno,
Rev.

_1r. Wig. c Snr~. Pub.,

: 129.

: 402.
: 40.

Ins.,

1941

1930

& Rnmos,
id.,

37.

Alal.,

1944

9 :

31,

Guiana,

Esp.

& Lane,

G3lvBo

Sau,

BI.

Cul.

42.
1944 Unti

43.

Bras.

Indisch

aEZopha Lutz

: 49;

13

1373.

S. Iaulo,

Serv.,

: 31, 32.
: 20.

San.

Serv.

39
45

iValnriolo,ay,

\-er.

1925

Hyg.,

: 1.

3.5.

1944 COII&:L & Rnmos,

Cotif.

Contr.

320.

of the Wolld,

Univ.

Rev.

Mos.

1949

syn.

Thesis,

133.

et Blol.,

AIil.,

38.

11 : 489.

SOI,.. 2

143 ;

J.

San.
SII

1947 Coutinho,

Lane,

et al., Am.

19%

to the An.

131.

: 128.

.Itla<,

hlal.

111.

Montevideo,

12 :
8

103.

1 : 435, 439.

122.

X.,

B. A.,

Exp.,

Fl. C!m.

id.,

H.

Iul).,

Mosquito

et al., Keys

1944 Cnusey

AIus.

id.,

S. Paula,

12.

Binl.,

Borot:i,

Nat.

Zoo].

10.

64,

44

Ar.

314.

Rozrl~oon~

Iulr.,

Bras.

Bact.

Clin.

J.

19+4 Ga!rBo,

Kuyp,

Zool.

2 :

179

Kash.,

e Sau.

Gil.

1941

e Sau.

Rev.

Ins.

Roberts,

1943 Fonsern

1949

Sot.

Med.,

_$r. Hip.

1943

1930

Hig.

& Coutinho,

1913

1948

Bul.,

Ar.

1942

11

Lernambuco,

Hltll.

1943

Pub.,

Med.,

20

14.5

81.

1944 Galv%o,

Cor!@.l

& Cricro,

ltl.,

83.

domesfzcus CorrPa

& al., J.

Nat.

Mal.

So,.,

9 : 279.

Head : Proboscis blackish. Clypeus blackish and pruinose.

Palpus with erect scales on segments I and II, blackish escept at apes and sides
of II and all segment IV which is covered with white scales. Antenna with blackish
torus, the first four or five flagtllar segments with white scales. Occiput, covered
with forked scales, blackish on the sides, on top white : ocular setae blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish-brown, covered with black setae and scales
cscept, for an upper tuft of scales. Mesonotum with grayish integument, covered
\vith white scales, they are narrow and curved anteriorly, on top and on the sides,
tufts of white, narrow, curved longer scales ; acrostichal, dorsocentral setae average
and brown. Scutellum with white scales, the marginal setae light. Pleura blackish,
the margins of some of the sclerites white pruinose, sternopleura and mesepimcron
with groups of white scales.
Ltags : (fig. 206). Cosae dark brown, lighter on the sides, with basal and
apica! white spots. Trochanteres with white scales. Femora basally whitish with
Ftmnle

____
* As the females of this subgenus are very similar,
rcntial diagnosis for the other species.

we include only a diffc-

II

E I,

I s

243

-___
a nc~arly complete ring of dark scales, internally whitish, externally dark. Joints
jvhitish. Tibiae dark except internally and at the joints where they are of a lighter
color. Fore tarsi with d&al white rings on three basal segments, the rest dark.
$Iid tarsi as fore tarsi, the rings narrower and in some specimens absent in the
third segment. Hind tarsi with a narrow distal ring on basitarsus, tarsus II with
755 (or more) covered with dark srales, the distal portion and the other segments
covered with white scales.

Fir.

206.

King (fig. 207). Haltere with light stem, the knob blackish csccpt for some
scales
A4bdon;cn with vellowish scales over most of the surface of tergites II-VII
the sides with dark scales, VIII
covered with white scales ; posterolateral tuft;
present from segments TV-VII.
Sternites with rows of white scales from segments
I-VI, on VII-1III
these scales are more lateral and diffuse.
white

,7l(/lc - Palpus with segments I and II dark, estensivelv marked with vvhitc,
III-IV
white with basal dark ring; and long golden hairs. A4ntenna shorter than
palpus, strongly plumosc, the hairs yellow.
Genitalia (fig. 208). Basistyle with external scales aud setae ; parabasal
scta inserted on a prominent tuber&
near base internally ; accessory setae long,
strong, the apex curved and inserted in a median protuberance.
Dististyle about
the length of basistyle, with a few distal spicules ; claw long and subt,erminal.
Mesosome tubular, broad, lightly sclerotixed, without leaflets, the apes rounded.
Lobes of claspcttes low, rounded and smooth. Anal lobe conical, slcn:lcr and pilose on basal third of paraprocts.
Prcpa Undescribed.
Lawa - (fig. 209). Head : Antenna spiculosc, chicfl)- internally, the sabers
with the externals longc; than the internals, both serrate on one of thcl margins,
apical hair bifid or trifid ; with a small scta on basal third formed bv six or more
elements. Clypeal index 1.0 to 1.2 ; hair 3 one third shorter than 2, all with short

244

I-1 E

I, I S

pilosity ; 4 small and bifid or trifid ; 5, 6 and 7 * pcnnatc and long : 8 generally
with four branches, occasionally with more ; 9 with two to five branches ; 14
with three or four branches.

Fig.

208. -

Anopheles

tillia.
Fig.

209. -

(Nysswhywhus)

alhitarsis

albitarsis

Arrilmlzagn,

1876. Nnle geni-

Nesosome and anal lobe.

Lnrvn.
Clypeal hairs, protlioracic
on Galx-So. 1943, Ar. Hig. & Sau.

qwul3 and interspiraculnr

8:
156-162).

plate.

(Based

Pub.,

Prothorax with hairs 1 approximate and in twenty leaflets with broad apes ;
2 long, strong and pcnnate, both inserted on the same Fcleritc ; hairs 4, 5 and 6
strong and pennatc, 7 quite longer than 4 and 5 ; 6 simple.
Abdomen : Hair 1 present on segments I-VII, on segments I and VII smaller,
palmatc and formed bv 25-30 long, bhrnt leaflets ; segment I with hair 2 small
and bifid, 3 simple, 4 branched, 5 with about five branches ; G and 7 verv long
and pennatc ; segment II with hair 0 small and with six branches, 2 with four
branches, 3 with five branches from base ; 4 long and simple, 5 pcnnatc, 6 and 7
as in I : segment III with hairs 0 and 2 as in II, 3 \vith four branches, 4 simple,
5 and 6 as in I and II, segment IV with 0 as in II, 2 long and simple, 3 trifid, 4
w&h three branches beyond the middle, 5 as in II and 6 long and simple : pccten
with a long tooth, three short ones, a long one, nine short ones and two long ones :
interspiracular plate with lateral short processes.
Eyg - (fig. 210). Length from 530 to 560 micra, average 550 micra : greatest
width 190 to 200 micra, average! 100 micra. Length of internal margin of floats
245 micra. Floats with 20 to 22 divisions, longitudinally striate and not interrupted
in the more external portion. Internal margins of floats quite separated, and lcaving a portion of the chorion visible. Alargins of esochorion placed at the poles
with a discreet groove at end.
7j~pc
localiiy Argentina,
Buenos Aires. Type M. I~. I. ?
Distribution
From Central
America
to northern Argentina.
Bionouzi~s - ,L\ sylvan species which does not enter habitations.
The aquatic
stages are passed in swamps.
_l;\ofe 11-crccognisc a subsperies as valid, it is donmfims.
A. albitarsis
impcrject~cs sho1v-sa variation similar to that found in A. trianmtlat~ts and A. nlbirt~lr~~s. A. ulbitarsis mnrajonrrc is, by its authors, consiciered as anomalous. ,-l.
nlbitcwsis limni most probablv represents the typical form.
* The above mentioned setac show no differential
mentioned in the other descriptions.

characters and are not

I%.

210.

Anophelcs
(Nyssorhynchus)
Cnnsc>-, I)rane
R- Deane,

Anopheles

brazilicnsis

45. Rev.

Ser.

(Nyssorhynchus)

Galviio &
n!bifnrsis

domesticus

1907).
( ChngaS.
Esp. Sau. Pub.,

albitarsis

ITKP.
(Eased
1: ::OG).

on

domesticus

hmasceno, 191 I.

Galviio

I% Dam

Inc.

1sce110.

s.

Mxl.,

Inrllo,

20 : 81.

ifa!

typicalform).

sw

,Idztlt - The female can bc scparatcd from the typical form by the hind
tarsus II which has 30 to .%c/~ of black basallv.
A1~aZe,and larva - Similar to tvpical form.
Egg - With an indistinct mosaic pattern. Other characters as in typical form
State of ParA, Maraj6 Island. Type in
lg
pe Iocality - Brasil,
Distribution- Brad,
State of Par& and State of Rio de Janeiro, Baisada
Fluminense.
svlvan,
domesticus entershouses and
Bionomics - \\hilc the typical form 9
1,
_
is a proved malaria vector.

Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)

1907

Cellia

Chagac,

NV.

Sp.

1908

Pepassil,

1909

Neiva,

Mem.

1916

Neiva

& Iennn,

Mem.

Ins.

1922

Godoy

& Pinto,

Bras.

Med.,

OS Cul.

1923

Root,

1926

Bnopltclrs

Am.

1928

Lima,

Men].
E:l,*.

Brazil,

Ins.

J.

Cul.

0.

H3.g.,

1934

Iires,
GalvBo

& Lane,

Rev.

1918

Deane,

Cnusey

& Deane,

>.\II.

1937 Annphe/es
1935

(;alvZio,

Cruz,

37

Bold,
3

Galvis,

Rev.

Gnlv~o

Pnc.

Q al.,

1943 Gricco,

Ar.

1044 Cause>.

8: al.,

Cir.

8: Lane.
9

Rev.

.J. Hyg.,

Biol.

701, 7Ok.

&II.

Puhl.,

B: Lnnc, An. linr.

An.

G:llr:?o,
7

12

39

131.

: 2.

7
Inc.

38.
43.

13

: 227.

67 ; 1937 <;nlv?io 8r I,al~e, Rev.

AIed.

S.

-11. Zoo!.

S.

: 317;

12 : 56.
of the Wo:Id,

AI?d. S. Iaulo,

: 866.
Hy-..

8: Lane,
1940

Bozot:i,

Exp.,

Inl~.,

31 ;

to the An.

Clin.

1937 GnlvBo

Snu.

1937 Ga!v50

XIptl.,

Itoo+, id., G

43.

: 67 ;

Esp.

H\g.,

Keys
Am.

8 : 91, 95.

106.

Rev.

Biol.

1943 R~lssell

hIed.,

Am. .J. HJ-a., RLoll. Ser., 5 : 3.5 ; 1920

1941Correa8:Ramos. AI-. IIlg. &

1912Gnlvfio8: a!.,Ar. Hig.,
1943

Braz.

29.

(The-,i.),

23 : 2.1, ;

Rev.

1907 Chapas,

69

0.

Biol. Hyg.,

prswai

(Chagas, 190T).
21 : 291-303.

braziliensis

277.

S. laulo

Paul.,

(ruz,

l93G

.\Ius.

;\Ied.

0.

11

18.

<ruz,

(N!/sso,,h!/,frhtrs!
Inq.

Brazil,

: 227.
: 2.

Palllo,

13

Pnrllo.

194% COL.I@;L & It:lmoc,

id. 8

38

246

ANOPHELISI

1944

Con&

1946

Coutinho,

& limbos,

1916

Con-Gxrcin,

ST1

7917

Deane

Rev.

19.&7 Iloch
1948

Univ.

& al.,

.1r. Ilig.
Conf.
Serv.

& ~~l,o1lncrlc,

Giglioli,

19.50 Iirlyp,

A104. Contr.
Kon.

Vel.

& Snu. Iul,.,

S. lxulo,

Ins.

(TIlesis),
Snn.

Ianm1.,

Esp.

San.

Ink?ur

Serv.,

Inclisch

Rr.
In-t.,

8 : 130 ; 1944 Unti

& Rarnos,

id., 9

17.

46.
1
Iu1)..

32,

8L,

119.

301,

321,

(;n~-:tl!c~. 144
C;lliann,

37.

89 :

41,

42,

343,

363.

: 6.

46, 48.

Separable from A. u1Ditarsi.sdbitarsis by the following characters :

- Scales of mesonotum and wing white. Palpus with segment III complctclv covcred with dark scales. Hind tarsi with scgmcnt I blackish, II with 40c;, (;f basal
black. Tergites with sparse white and yellowish white scales on the first five
segments and sparse ones miscd with these : on tergitcs VI and VII they arc more
abundant, on VIII they are white and dens<>. Stcrnites with 1wo parallel, longitudinal stripes of white scales on I, the other sternites with small longitudinal
groups. Postcro lateral tufts present on segment, II-VII.
Male - Ialpus with more white scales on segment I thau in female, apes
with a white spot, II dark with white apical scales, III and IV with long black and
white setac and dorsall>- with numerous white scales. Antenna with long blackish
hairs ; first thrct~ flagellar segments with white scales.
Genitalia : (fig. 212). Claspettes with two leaflets, the apes spear-shaped, a
third smaller and falciform leaflet also present. Tlolxs of claspet tcs high, striated,
fused in mid lint>, thv apes truncate, with a groove in the middle. 12csosomc \vithout
leaflets, strongly sclcrotizcd, the length corresponding to five times the basal width.
Anal lobe high, quite sclcrotized laterally except base laterally wh~e thcrc arc
very fine hairs.
Ferrmlr

Fig.

212.

Fig.

213.

Larva.
156-lC2).

(T:aaed

on

Gnlr%o.

1943,

_1r.

Hig.

&a SRII.

Pub.,

S.

Panlo.

(19)

Larm - (fig. 213). Head : A4ntenna with four or five branches on terminal
hair. Clypeal index 2,s ; hair 3 one fourth shorter than 2, both with short, sparse
pilosity ; 4 simple and more than half as long as 3 ; 8 with two or three branches ;
9 with four or five branches.
Prothoras lvith tufts 1 formed by twenty palmate leaflets, truncate at apes,
hairs 1 and 2 arc ins&cd on a single sclerite.

247

ANOPHELINI

Abdomc~ with tuft 1 present on segments I-VII,

in I with fifteen leaflets
with blunt apes ; tergal plate of segment VIII one and a half times larger than in
VII ; intcxrspiracular sclerite with elongate anterior processes the lateral ones
short ; pcctenwith fifteen to eighteen teeth, five or six of them being long.
Egg - (fig. 214). Length 475 micra. Length of floats 230 micra. Broadest
width 170. Float with 20 to 22 divisions, the.v are longitudinally striate and not
interrupted in the external portion. Internal margins of floats quite separated.
Margins of exochorion without apical groove at poles.
Brad,
State of Llinas Ckrais, Lassancc. Types ?
7ype localit,t/ Dist~ihrtlion Brasil,
States of Par&, Bmazonas, Xaranh;lo, Gear& Rio
Grande do Sortc, Paraiha, Pernambuco, Alag8as and S. Paul0 ; Colombia,
Xeta,
and Dutch
Guianas.
Santandcr ; Venezuela
; British

Anopheles
1916

Anoph:l.s Root

1928

Dynr,

Lion.
Alem.

1930

Iinto,

1931

Shannon,

1932

Kumm,
Shannon,

1938

Ga!vBo,

1115. 0.

Iroc.

J. Hyq.,

XXI.

Ent.

4F3,

\Vash.,

Hig.,

Hyp.,

11

101

Rev.

& Ran),

Am.

J. Tlop.

1941 GalvJo

B: Lane,

Rev.

Biol.

Hs-g.,

1941

Am.

,19. .Idv.

Sri.,

90

1941 Rozeboom,

Biol.

Am.

As. Adv.

1942

Kemp,

Nat.

Ins.

1942

Corr&n

& Ramos,

BuI.

*1r. Hig.

1942

Gnlv50

& al.,

_b.

Caosey

& al.,

Iror.

1943

Barrett0

Hig.,

1943

Galvis,

Rev.

Iar.

Rev.

Med.,

Am.

J.

& al.,

-11,. Hig.

1943

Grieco,

&Ar. (ir.

1943

Ross

1943

Russell

& al.,

1944

Causcy

& al., _1m. J. Hyg.,

1944

Galv.?o,

Ar.

1946

Bejnmno,

Clirl.
Keys

Hig.

Exp.,

& San.

Pub.,

In-.

Sal.

& Enf.

XII

Conf.

San.

1946

Lifschitz,

An.

Ins.

1947

Deane

& al.,

1947

Bates,

J.

Giglioli,

1948

Ricciartii,

1948

Zulueta

1949

Borges,

1949

Deane

1930

Varzts

Res.

Nat.

Sot.,

Rev.

Contr.
Bras.

I_%Griero,

T~op.

B: SXII.

ll~l).,

Med.,

it{.,

21

11 : 6%
: !i7).

123.
321.

33.

374.

30.
43.

2.

143

1944 Coda

8: Ramos.,

7
1

: 221.
: 30,

Argentina,

Sau.

Pub.,

82,

116.

1 : 349.

302,

320.

343,

: 1.5.;.
6 : 139.
Guyanp,

Serv.

Biol.,

144 :

5.

46.
Esp.

Sau.

Guiana,

I'uh..

501.

37.

: 633.
48 : 3.50.

Hyg.,
1

Rev.

Bras.

WM.,

& al.,

Rev.

Serv.

Esp.

Est.

Tax.

15 I:rlncios,

Reg.,

Br.

J.

Hiz.

1373.

Serv.,

Am.

.Ir.

132.

1:1\110, (Thesis),

& Dalnasceno,

1 : 29,

111s. la<te\lr

S.

& Bates,

23

Trap.,

Esp.

Sot.,

Mal.

Univ.

Rev.

-1~. Zooi.,

1.52.

:
:

4-1

lanam.,

Med.

Serv.

AM.

B: -Ahonncnc,

Mos.

(;.tlv?o,

133.

43

Talgns,

Deane

1940

38, 380.

of the World,

39

Cova-Garcia,

1948

163 ;

& Ramw,

_1n1. J.

12

An.

1946

1948

10 :

1941 G:llv,:lo

112,

Biol.,

Mil.,

66,

Iub.,

Atlns,

1946

Nat.

Med.,

to the

Ser.

10

Kemp,

\Vash.,

Pub.,

Alosquito

Rev.

Coutinho,

fj : 70.;.

irl

103.
179

Trap.

& Snu.

11

Bogoth,

CorrBa,

1947

Root,

21 : 5.59.

1941

Braq.

Kumm

RE Roberts,

Sor.

1943

J.

1925

: 56,237.

12

1943

Giglioli,

id.,

1941 CorrP:t

& Sau.

Ent.

& (outinho,

al.,

10.

Med.,

Sci.,

Hlth.,

1942

Rev.

108.

: 40;

Corrta,

Florh

3 : 60.

463.

Kumm

1947

Rool J 1926.

20

1941

1947

Ser..

: 2.
35 : 120.
; 1940 Gnlv50.

& lar.,

Sot.

Biol.

Wa\h.,

1941

Komp,

l\fon.,

33 :

Sup].,

Sot.

Trap.

Iroc.

;im.

(ruz,

Ent.

Rev.

Iaulo,

(in Boyd),

darlingi

Am.,41;J.

An.

1933

(Nyssorhynchus)

282.
Sau.
AIos.

Pub.,
An.

1 : 793.
de Mexico,

126.

364.

id., 9

: 120.

317.

S.

248

ANOPHELINI

19.50 Kuyp,
var.

Kon.

Ter.

Indislh

Ins.,

89

GalvBo,

Lane

& Corr$a,

1937

paulisfensis

1937

GalvBo

8: Lane,

1938

Galv80,

Rev.

An.

Biol.

Fat.
Hig.,

14, et seq.

Med.
9 :

S.

101,

Rev.
Inulo,

110 ;

Biol.
13

1938

Hyg.,

37.

232.

Bnrretto,

id.,

: 11G.

Femzle- Separable from the other species of the subgenus by the characters
given in the key.
Male - Palpus black with a ring on joint of segments I and II which may
also have sparse white scales ; segment III with numerous brown hairs and white
scales at apex, 11 with the distal half white ; other characters as in the female.
Genit.alia : (fig. 215). lllesosomc high, narrow, apex rounded and very curved
dorsally, little sclerotized, with two leaflets which have thick and pointed teeth on
the external margin. Lobes of claspcttes fused dorsally and with a!_small, nude
elevation.

217.

216.

215.
Big.

215.

Anopheles

Pig.

21G.

Larva.
Clypcnl
hairs,
on &lr%o,
1943,
Ar.

Fig.

217.

ISgq.

(Nyssorhynchus)

(ISaqcd

darlingi

Root,1026.

Prothorxcic
group
Hig.
& Sau. Pub.,

on Ga!rBo,

Lane

& CorrBa,

Male

and spiracular
8: 156-162).
1937,

Rev.

genitalia.

Xesosome.
(Based

apparatus.

J3iol.

IIyg.,

8:

37-43).

F%pcr - Root (1028) : - il. 1 . the breathing trumpets have a very peculiar
and characteristic shape. The greater part of the trumpet is abruptly truncate at
about half its length, leaving the two edges projecting club-like>. . . . The postero-lateral spines of the posterior abdominal segments ot the pupa, also, are much
shorter and stouter thayr in any other member of the group, and approach the condition foun 1 in species of the ArribaIzagia group.
LUWCL~- (fig. 216). Head : Antenna spiculosc, chiefly internally, the external
saber slightly smaller than the internal one, terminal hair bifid, a small multiple
hair on basal third ; clypeal index 1,6. Hair 3 one fourth shorter than 2, both simple
and covcrcd wi:h sparscl short pilosity ; hair 4 small and bili_i ; L8 with seven
*..
branches ; 9 with five or six ; 13 with four ; 14 bifid.
Prolhoras with tuft; 1 quite separated, inserted in a distinct sclcrite, and
composed of eight to ten filiform leaflets.

Abdomen with tuft 1 present on segments I-1-11, they arc palmate, blunt or
pointed at apes and vary from seventeen to twenty branches cscept on segments
I and VII where they are smaller and have fewer elements. Segment I with hair 2
trifid and short ; 3 simple ; 4 trifid ; 5 with five branches, all long ; 6 and 7 ver>r
long and pennate ; II with hair 0 small and four branched ; 2 with seven : 3
with four longer ones, 4 long and simple, 5 with six and 6, 7 as in I : III with hair
0 longer than in II and seven branched ; 2 with four, 3 bifid, 4 simple, 5 with
tight branches, 6 as in I ; IV with hair 0 six branched, 2 simple, 3 and 4 bifid, 5
with three branches, all long, 6 very long and simple. Posterior flap of spiracular
apparatus bearing an internal tubercle having a long seta ; interspiracular scleritc
with very long anterior process, the lateral one undeveloped ; tergel plate of VIII
more than three times the size of that of VII ; pectcn with a long tooth, a short,
a long, three short, a long, five short, a long, three short and one long tooth.
Eyy -- (fig. 217). Galvdo, Lane & Correa (1937, for paulister2si.s) : Corn-primcnto de 466 a 490 micra ; largura maxima de 140 a 150 micra. Face superior
(vcntre do embriao) corn urn par de flutuadores de 244 a 291 micra de comprimento
c divididos tm 25 a 27 gomos, quc raramentc se embricam na sua por&o mais
lateral. 0 polo cefalico 6 muito mais largo do quc o caudal, (3 B envolvido na sua
cstremidade por uma forma@0 do esorcorion em forma de urn colarinho, sustentado
por finissimas r&as. Tal colarinho abrc-se distalmentc.
90 rcsto da superficie
dcisada livre cntre OS flutuadores e o colarinho cefalico, o csorcorion SC difcrcncia
em numerosas eleva@es ovalarcs, rcgulares, granulosas e de uma bela c8r perola.
Type locality - Brasil,
Statcb of Rio de Janeiro, Porto das Caisas. Type in ? ?.
Distribrrtion - Mexico : Guatemala
: British
Honduras
: Colombia :
Venezuela
: Guianas : Brasil,
States of Amazonas, Par&, Xlaranhao, Piaui,
Ceara, AlagGas, Rio Grandc do Sorte, Paraiba, Pernambuco, >Iato Grosso, Sao
Paulo and Rio de Janeiro : Argentina.
Observations The variety paulishsis
was created for diffcrcnccs found in
the egg. As the eggs figured and described by Root do not represent rclality such
a variet,y is not valid.
Anopheles
1938

Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)

GalvZo

1940

Galv,?o,

Ar.

1943

Russell

& al.,

1944 Unti

Zool.

& R~rno~,

Amatal,

S. fnulo,

Keys
Ar.

to thp
Hig.

Rev.

Galviio

lanei
Hiol.

Hyg.,

& Amaral,

1938.

: 8.

1 : 473.
An.

& Saw

of the \\~orld,
Pub.,

46.

: 28;

1944 Coda

&I Ranlo;.

id., 9

129.

Galvao & Amaral (1038) mention the following characters : The largest species of the subgenus, the wing measures 4.07 to 5.2 mm. in length.
In the adult the light markings are pure white.
Palpus as long as proboscis, dark scaled, a xhitc ring at apes of segments
I and II, III black, IV white, a few sparse white scales on dorsal surface of first
three segments.
*Abdomen with all tergites except I covered with yellowish and white scales,
narrower and smaller on segment VIII where they are yellow ; poster0 lateral tufts
of black discreet scales, absent on first two segments.
Legs : Fore tarsi with segment I cream-colored except, an csternal stripe of
black scales, apes with a white ring ; segment II black, an apical ring nearly over
the distal third ; segment III with a little more than distal half white ; IV black ;
V black with a few apical white scales at apes of anterior portion. Mid tarsi with
segment I black, a st,ripc of white scales on internal and external surfaces and a
distinct apical ring ; segment II black, the apical white ring whiter ; III-IV
black ;
V black with a few apical white scales. Hind tarsi with segment I black, a longitudinal external white stripe on external and internal surfaces, the apical white
ring nitid ; segment II with more than basal half black ; other segments white.
Wing is characterized by the snow white coloration of spots contrasting lvith
the coal black ones.
Fmale

250

A N 0 P II

E L I S I

Male - Palpus black, a white ring on joint of segments I and II, also present
at apes of segments II and III ; IV with white apical half on dorsal surface, the
ventral oncablack. Fore tarsi with a small white apical ring on segment II ; III
with an apical white ring on 407& of segment. Mid tarsi with apical white ring
on II, III-V
black. Hind tarsi with 55y0 of basal portion black, the rest and segments 11X-1 \vhitc.
Genitalia : (fig. 218). Claspettes with lobes high, lightly sclerotized and
hvaline, nude, not fused in mid line and bearing, on each side, a rounded projection.
Mesosome long, slender 240 micra high by 30 broad, quite sclerotized at base, lightly
so at apex, the lcaflcts laterally inserted, straight, diverging, smooth. Anal lobe
smooth and strongly sclerotizcd on the sides.

J
218.
Fig.

218.

219.
-

Anopheles

(Nyssorhyichus)

lanei

GnlrZo

&

220.
hmral,

1938.

Male

genitalia.

Mlcsosome.
Fig.

219.

Larva.
Clypeal
8: 15(i-162).

Fig.

220.

Egg.

(Based

hairs.

on

GnlrIo

(Both

1940,

based

_h-.

on

GaMo,

Zool.,

1:

1943,

fig.

h.

Hig.

& Sak

Pub.,

5).

Pupa - Margins of tube smooth. Abdomen with hair ,4 short and strong.
Paddle with a simple apical &a which is short and thick, the subterminal ones
simple, long and slender.
Lawn - (fig. 219). Head : Antenna as in ~2. nlbilarsis. Clypcal index 1,5.
H$r 2 long, thick, with very small branches ; 3 two fifths the length of 2, strongly
branched and with several dichotomizations beyond apex ; 4 trifid and half as
long as 3 : 8 and 9 branched.
Prothorax with tuft 1 bearing nine filiform leaflets.
,4bdomen with t,uft 1 of sragmcnts I and II with filiform leaflets, in II thicker,
in III-VII
formed bv thirtv five broad, smooth, well sclerotized branches which
arc truncate at apes ; plate of segment, VIII
twice as large as in VII ; internal
flaps of spiracular apparatus with a thick, strong scta followed by nine minute
scales, each inserted in a depression.
Eyy - (fig. 220). From 585 to 620 micra in length, average 598 micra ; broadest width 163, smalltlr 134 micra ; length of floats on lateral margins 290 micra ;

231

ASOPIIELISI

length of float on mid line 198 micra. Average number of divisions on floats 10.
There is a pair of lateral floats, quite united in mid line and two terminal frills
sustained by fine striae disposed on upper surface of egg, the cephalic one larger ;
portion of egg between floats and inside frills covered with fine membrane of esochorion, which is not differcntiatcd and shows black chorion. In the rest of the
surface the cxochorion is differentiated
into small ovate elevations, appearing
granulated and regularly inserted : between them and the csochorion the black
chorion adheres, thus giving a contrast between the black and pearly colors.
Iy
pe locali@ - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, Campos do JordSo. Type in I!. 31.
Dist~*ib~tio~ -- That of type localit,y.

Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)

argyritarsis

Robineau - Desvoidy,
1827

drlopbtlcs
KohirleiLu-Dcsvoitl~.,

1901

Theobald,

Mon.

1902 Durh:un,

Liv.

Cul.,
Sch.

1902

Nevex-Ixmaire.

1906

Dyar& Kmh, J.

1910

Ncwitend

1913

Lutz

1921

: 85.
Evans,-in. Trap.

1921

Dya!,

1923

Godo)-

id.,

Trap.
N.

Xrd.,

II.

X.,

1: 2 7.

larik,

111.

Ent.

Am.

JIem.

AIenl.,

: 53C,.

: 6.

Y.

h Thomx?,

Sot.,

In\.

II

J. Trap.

17.5.

Med.

: 3;

0. C~uz, 7

Par.,

111.

1916 Neiva

& Ienlla,

id., 8 : 91, 9.5 ; 1YlY

JJlt7,

10

Ins.

Ins.

Aled.

Petrocchl,

1924

Bonne,

192r: Dyar,

Ins.

Sor.

Ins.

Ins.

1925

Bonne

1927

Shannon

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

Lima,

hlem.

Davis,

r2m.

J. Hyr.,

1930

Pinto,

AIem.

Ins.

1930

Dari,

& Shannon,

1931

Shamloll,

1932

Kunrm,In.

1934 Farle.

Ins.

lires,

1937

GsivZo,

Pac.

1938

Root

1938

Senrvet

0.

An.

Bact.

1~. .\..

illed.

Sot.

: 31.

Gnbaldon,
Galv?io

& Barrette,

Par.,

1939

Kumm

& Rlli7,

ai., Mem.

SC, :

Biol.

MaI.,

Hyq.,

Iaqteur,

Cwacau,
Biol.

.I. Trap.
Sal.

489.

Iub.

13.

1938

Alg+lir,

Rozebonm,
16

Gabaldon
Ram03

1940

Barretta,

& al.,
k

Unti,
Rev.

Pub.

Ent.

Are<!.,

19

1940

GalvBo,

Ar.

Kumm,

Akm. .J. Trap.

-1111. As. Adv.

1941

Kemp,
Lucrna,

lY42

Kemp,

Nat.

I!>42

Cow&l

An.

Zoo].

Serv.

y Plot.

Yoc., mnp

S.

Sot.

Biol.

1~.

111th.

R?mo,

RInl.,

.i

Ilof.

Illal.,

: 164.
Inrilo,
1 :

, .1r.

Med.,
Sci.,

21

7 ; I(310 KIIIUUI

36.

: 7.

14

148.

: 93.

90.

Iernambuco,
l<uI.,
IIw.

179
%u.

27 :

!,9.

: 112.
: 438.

11

1941
1941

Div.

Pub.

id.,

176.

1.

Hyp.,

40x.

1940

11.

3.

27 : 349 ;

Ins.

Rev.

;im.

10

: 32.

48

Rev.
Ar.

Div.

itI.,

23 :
: 10.

.Im.,
33

J. HJ-z.,

8: _4bonnenc,

104.

44.

S. Paula,

1Y.M

1940

: 128.

133.

TV:tsll.,
&

B Corr%,
Am.

12 : 3,

1929 Kun~nl,

23 :

Ent.

hIed.

457

Sor.

Dept.,

& Andrews,

11

St11., 333.

Ins.

CIUZ,

Ent.

Lub.

13.3.

132.

Yugl.,

Med.

Lane

Kumm

Cruz,

0.

1938

20:

Rev.

Trop.

Itept.

id.,

441.

1928

lroc.

Ed., 1 5:

cP: Ronne-Weephter,

193.

MO\.

Iontr,

Am.,

17 :

8: Bonne-Wepster,

1921 Stephens,

: 29.
A.. 3 : 10.

B.

13

447

1923 Bonnr

37

Exot.,

hIen<.,

1928

1934

Bnct.

I.5

149

Metl.,

Pat.

& Del

Ial.,

Nixz.

Rev.

Bul.

&

Mrns.,

Cy- Pinto,

1923

1939

Sot.

133.

Akr. Iar.,

& Alachado,

Mem.

argyritarsis

62,
lllh.,

12.
109,
7

II!).

: 38,314.

& al.,

.\rn. .J.

llop.

Mctl.

253

1943

AIullin-Dial,

Coru.

1943

Galvic,

lnc*.

Rev.

Ponte,

Bool.

1943

Del

Russell

& al.,

lies-s

1942

Causeg.

& al.,

Am.

Unti

Rev.

& Ratno<,

Ramo~,

id.,

1946

Cova-Garcia,

1947

Coutinho,

1947

Dcsne

1948

Giplioli,

In-.

B. .I.,

I-1 E

I ?; I

I,

Monteridio,

30.

11 : 489.

of the

\X-orld,

13.

2.

X!):

& &II.

Conf.

Sm.

S. Iaulo,

Rev.

S~rv.

Contr.

III~I.,

1949

CastelImos
TnIrrns
Kuyp,

& al.,

;\tn.

s>-n.

19%

Crllia

moti

wr.

1924

Cdliu

brasiliensis

Innxn,

ThesiP,
Esj).

Ser\-.,

1950
1950

26 : 1944 Gnlr50

R- al., id., 9 : 53 ; 1911 Corrka

&III.

lit.

J. Tlop.

28, 81,

11.7.

41.
Iub.,

Glliaua,

301,

320,

343,

364.

37.
29 :

Mfd.,

31.

ib Palncios,
Est. Tax. MO*. An. ~lEsic0.
123.
Kon. Yer. Intiisch
Inst., 89 : 11. $0, et sec/tl.

192% Celliu
r;yn.

N.,
12

An.

II>-g.,

129.

XII

AIos.

Bad.
to thr
J.

H.

Bo~ot,i,

&$lr. Hi:r.

Univ.

& ai.,

5lluc.

Med.,

1943
1944

_I

1933

allopl~a

dnoplrelrs

Iaulo,

48

BrethCs,

Ihysis,

8 : 309.

Christophers,

~hristophers,

darling2

Pessba,

id.,
.\]I.

Ins.
3

Iaul.

Med.

Rrs.

MPIII.,

37.

38.
Med.

Cir.,

20

1934

Piles,

I;nc.

Mrtl.

S.

42.

Fenrnle
Characters taken from GalvBo (1941) : - Palpus with the first
three segments blackish with white ring;, IV white, III with sparse whit>e scales.
Legs : Fore tarsi with a distal white ring on first three segments. Mid tarsi
and hind basitarsus generally without apical white rings, rarely with an indistinct,
ring on basitarsus and mid tarsus II and very rarely with om on hind ta.rsus I :
hind tarsal II with 25y0 basally black, this color can, however, occupy half or even
three fourths of the segment.
Ming 3,3 mm. in lenght. Light scales are snow white ; spot B. 2 larger than
the pre-humeral black one, sometimes the same size and rarely smaller.
Abdomen with tergites covered with yellowish scales including segment VIII.
Postcrolateral tufts present only on segments V and VI. Sternite I without white
scales.
JInle - (fig. 221). Genitalia : Mesosomc with a pair of leaflets, generally
curved and directed towards the median line, bearing fine teeth.
Pupa - Tube truncate, with a small apical notch. Hair A of abdominal segments long and slender. Paddle with long terminal hair, curved, apex hooked.
Larva - (fig. 222). Head : Clypeal inoex, 3,5 ; hair 3 one fifth shorter than
2, simple, both moderately branched ; hair 4 simple and two thirds the length of 2.
Prothorax with tuft 1 formed by twelve filiform leaflets inserted on a separate
srlerite from 2.
Abdomen with tuft 1 palmate and wit,h twenty to twenty five leaflets on
segments II-VII.
Pectcn with sixteen long and short teeth irregularly placed.
Egg - (fig. 223). The exochorion has, between the frills and floats, granulations which form regular, discreet patterns. Minimum length 465 micra, maximum
510, average 495 ; minimum breath 160 micra, maximum 195, average, 180 micra.
Length of floats minimum 265, maximum 295 micra, avcrag: 285 micra. Divisions
of floats, minimum 23, maximum 25, average 24 micra.
lqpe localzhy Brasil.
Tape ? ?.
From Me&o
to Paraguay,
Sorthrrn
Argentina
and
&tribu t ion -

Uruguay.

Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)

argyritarsis

sawyeri

1943

Causey, Deane, Deane & Sampaio, 1943.

A~~ophelrs
Cause)-,
Deane,
Deane
& Snmpnio,
.41x. Ent. Sot. -~Jll., 36 : Il.

1943

Rllssell

1944

&use)-

& al., Am.

al.,

1947

Deane

Pz al.,

Key3
Rev.

to the

A%n. of the World,

49.

J. Hyc.,
Serv.

Esp.

Sau.

ltlh.,

301,

320,

343,

36-C.

0 P H

E I,

I S

253

The differences betxeen this subspecies and the typical form arc those given
in the keys. Genitalia (fig. 224.
Floats
Egy (fig. 211). Causey, Deane, Deane & Sampaio (1043) : absent ; general size and shape of egg similar to A. argyritarsis, but with slightl)
greater concavity of dorsal surface. Anterior end somewhat broader than posterior
end. Exochorion dark, showing hexagonal pattern on dorsal surface enclosed bs
frill. Wide frill continuous around entire dorsolatcral area, much broader at end.
7ype locality - Brasil,
State of Ceara, Scrra da Ibiapaba, near S. Bcnedicto.
Type in IT. S. S. AI.
Disiribhm2
That of type locality.

222.

211.

223.

221.

Ent.Fig.

221.

Fig-,

222.

Sot.

Anopheles
talia.

_Im.,

Pl.

1).

(NyssorhJnchus)

(Based

on Ro~cl~oom,

Fig.

223.

Egg.

Fig.

224.

Ampheles
(Nyssorhymhus)
194::.
Male
genitdiil.
(19)
156-162).

argritarsis

lO:;$,

nohhleau-Desroidy,

,Zm.

S. I-Iyg.,

27

1827.

(I)

sawyeri
l)rane.
srpyritarsis
(13asctl on C;:rl~Zo, 1943,
Ar.

Xale

geni-

: 99).
Dcnnc
&
Sampaio,
Hi%. S- Sau.
Pub.,
8

A s 0 P II

254

Anopheles
1865

Cnle.r

Philippi,
Mm.

1928

Dyar,

1930

Edwards,

1930

Pinto.

1931

Martini,

1941

GnlvRo,

1913

Nq$l~ne,

1924

\-PI~.
-iIn.,

Dint.
.?r.

(Nyssorhynchus)

Par.

Rev.

Anopiwlrs

Ge<.

(Philippi,

pictipennis

\\-irn,

15

1865).

: XX.

440.
Put.

& S.

& ?~a?.
Ent.,

A1r. ZOOI.
RPV.

Zool-Rot.

E L I s

1
s.

Chil.

Chilr,

218

I:u1lo,
Hiz.

2 :

Doenqa~,

;
29

1931

106.

: 641.
Alultini,

Bonowin,

10

120.

: x0.

y Med.

(N,IJsso~~~wA~Is~

Irer.,

nwyrilarsis

5 :

263,

27G.

(hriniophers,

J~ld. Med.

Rcs.

P\Irrn.,

37.

Fr,nale - Proboscis blackish, one fifth longer than fore femur. Palpus slight11
longer than proboscis, with crcct, dark scales on segment I : all segments with
narrow rings except the penultimate one which has only a dorsoapical spot ; in
the last segment the scales nearlv reach distal half.
Legs : Fox tarsus I darkin the middle! apex whitish, II nearly completclv
dark except for apical white ring, III and IV as II, V dark. Mid tarsus I with
apical fifth white, II with apical fourth white ; other segments dark. Hind tarsi
with apical sixth of tarsus I white ; II with apical fourth white ; other scgmcnts
dark.
Wing with three black spots 011 costal region. Spot H. 1 very small, B. 2
even smaller.
Male - Palpus with larger rings, the last scgmcnts with long hairs. Adntcnna
with yellowish plumes ; three fourths the length of palpus.
Genitalia : (fig. 225). Hasistyle conical, broad ; two accessory thick, pointed
setac ; internal spine above accessory ones, slender (in some specimens there may
be one on one basistyle and two on the other) : a single curved, thick parabasal
seta inserted on a protuberance.
External lobe of claspcttc nude and ending in
two foliaccous. united. slcndcr. curved setac besides a straight slender one inscrtcd
a little below. Estcrnal lobe covered with fine spiculositv_ Mesosome broad. the
apes blunt and less sclcrotixcd, with two very large leaflets which arc striated and
scrratc on external margin, the point sharp. Anal lobe tubular, with fine spiculcs
on the external margins which arc more sclerotizcd, the apes hyalinc.
Pupa Undcscribed.
Lama - (fig. 226). Ilead with darker regions and spotted. ;2ntenna blackish,
spiculosc : hair 11 feathcrcd, inserted on basal sixth ; dorsal saber pointed, the
ventral one shorter ; hair 10 triramous, divided beyond the middle. Clypcal indcs
0,83 ; hair 3 nearlv as derelopcd as 2 both slightly plumose. Hair 4 similar to 3.
Occipitals 8 and 9 broad ant1 with three or four branches. Hair 14 doublr, 12
plumose. 13 with six branches.
P&thorax with hair 1 divided into tight branches bcsidcs the basal ones ;
2 branched and dichotomized ; 3 simple, each of these hairs on a scpnrate sclcritc.
-Abdomen with tufts 1 from segment III to apex ; these tufts arc formrd bx

dorsal una bandn o ribete de 20 a 30 microncs de anchura transparcntcl,A y con

227.
Fig.

223.

Fig.

226.

Lnr~a.

Pig.

225.

Egg.
83-93,
Pres,

226.

223.

Anophclrs
Mesosome

(Philippi,
(iK;yssorhynchns)
pirtipennis
and lobes of cla\pettes.
Basistyle
and
Head,

prothorncic

hairs

and

phnate

based
on Lane
(Firtst
two
figure;
head original;
egg based on Xeghme,
5: 2 pk.).

fuft

1865).

31ale

ginitain.

dististyle.
of

abdomen

R- Neghme,
1943,
Item.

1946,
Chilena

n.

1.

Biolbgira,
Hig.

4:

1\Ied.

Hemos ctncontrado ronsidcrablcs varianumerosas estriacioncsL. . . . Tlongitud.

ciones en cl largo de 10s hucvos. Las cifras extremas son 540 y 700 mkroncs. . . . . . .
cl tkrmino medio fuk de 654 micrones. Anchura . . . . . una medida de 217 microncs
siendo las sifras extremas 160 p 260 micrones.
Type locality - Chile.
Type ? ?
I>istrih,~fion - Restricted to the Chilean center.

25G

-1

Anopheles
dnopheles

Wiedemann,

1827

Robinear~-I;esvoid,-,

1818

Wiedemann,

1901

Theobald,
Zetek,

An.

1916

Neiva

& Irnni,

1
Y.

Dyer,
Evans,

An.

Ins.
Tiop.

1922

Dy:rr,

Proc.

U.

1922

Root,

;irn.

J.

Hyg.,

Am.

J.

Dyar,

AIoQ. Am.,

1928

T.inia,

Meni.

193% Hoffman,
1932

Ewle,
Ito.

IIF.

Pto.

0.

Cruz,

238

Sup].,

23

Hlth.

Roeeboom,

1939

Kumni
map

1920

Tn rpns,

19 41

I<rlIlrIII

1941

Romp,
(a~:.

Irib.

;
,

Iasteur
Dir.

J.

Alal.,

Biol.,

Kurrmi

Med.

Br11.

J. Trap.

Mbsiro,

I\omp,

Nat.

Ins.

1943

(;:dviq,

Rev.

Pac.

1913

Iit~mm

B al.,

1943

Ross

1943

R~~ssell $

al.,

1944

Kr!nlIll

%im:gn,

& Roberts,

194-l

Levi-Cxhtilln,

1944

Gnlv;lo,

XII

1946

Corn-Garcia,
Paul

1948

\nrgns,

1950

Ku>-p,

1930

Znrgas

.cyn.

1821

Anopheles

albipes

1900

Anophrles

cubensis

1901

Anopheles

nry,yrotarsis

Rev.
Ron.

Conf.

&

19C14 Inxoq,

J.

Ins.

Sal.

San.

Palacios,

Est.

Bol.

-1~. Med.

434.

al.,

Rev.

Ins.

1941 &mm

& al., >Iem.

Am.

Sal. I'LI~I.

J. Trap.

Sal. 3. Enf.

& Ram,

id.,

Med.,
Trap.,

y Prot.

Sot.

20 : 406.
1

277.

21 : 5.59.

id., 98 ; 1941 C!wk

8 Konl;),

id., 2S2.

& al., id., 21 : 59, 70, 39!1.

23:

874.

1 : 33.
St)

30.

8.

Ecuador,
8

6.

146.

: 33, 83,
: 62.
9 : 1.53.

Panam.,

Mal.

120.

SOC., 6
Trap.,

Ins.,
Tax.

89 : 40, 42 et seq.
Mos.

Wiedemann,
_igramonte,
Ent.

of the World,

y Enf.

Indisch,

SW.

11

12 : 39.

Zuin,

Nat.

Vei.

Bul.

179

Irib.,

&

: 749 ; 1942 Cair

: 67, 115, 154.

21

*in.

Ci.

1947

& Belkue,

3941 Rozehoom,

_itlas.

& Sau.

1939 Kumm

~IIIII~

J. HJ.~.,

As. Est.

-11. Hig.

438

1940

1940 Vnrgas.

lted.,

to the

93

Bogotri,

Mosquito

I9

;
:

90

J. Trap.

_hlI.

$ How:nd,

Hlth.,

176.

22

114

Bul.

Med..

Keys

J. Pub.

1.

id., 22

Med..

Hlth.,

_kn.

381 ; 1936 Enrle

Rico.

483.

16

Med.,

Med.,

J. Ilop.

1942

Pto.

177.

Soto,

Akni. -4s. =2dv. Sci.,

& a!., ;\m.

29

Caracw,

&

Gac.

c%

709.

27 : 99.

_%m. J. Trop.

1940

Med.,

& al.,

Alg&tie,

Ain1. .J. Hye.,

9: Ruin,

1911

Ins.

Am.

377.

$ Prop.

1938

Gabaldon,

id.,

516.

3 : 91.

1936 Earle

Senevet,

Hoffman,

Root,

323.

Rozehoom,
An.
Ent. Sot., dtn.,
Curry,
Canal Zone San., 20.

1938

447.

103.

1938

1938

1924

1936
1936

;ii.

15
62

Med.,

J. Pub.

: 91,0.i.

979.

A104. Sur.,

Med.,

Riro
28

176.

434.

South,

Rico,

411.

1.51.

2761

Trop.

RIM.,

1%

Crux,

& Par.,

6: Bonne-Wepster,

1928

0.

S. Nat.

221.

Mon.,

&led.

1821.

10.

13.

Sot.,

8:

Ins.

Alerts.,

Wiedemann,

albimanus

212.

Xm.,

Mem.

1918

192G Hoffman,

E L I r\ I

Tu. Paris,

Ent.

B: Kinat),

1921

192.5 Bonne

Cul.,
Sot.

DJ-ar
Ins.

II

., 1

H.

In?.,

.J. N.

Ent.

Got
Sot.

Zweifl.

Mon.

1915

Dipt.
Mem.

Aus.

& I&lb,

1917Howard,

(Nyssorhynchus)

1821

l9OG Dear

albipes
Gmncr,

190.5 9nopheles

dubius

Blnnchard,

1906

Anoplleles

albipes

II:-ar

1911

ilnopheles

cubensis

In.
El

119.

Exot.,
11og.

Theobald,

Med.,

10.
10 : 460.

Mon.

Cul.,

125.

134.
Les Jloustiques,

& k-nab,

Smconf

Xexico,

Dipt.

J.

N.

& Rincones,

Y.
Esi.

202.
Ent.
Dipt.

Sot.,
Vul.

14

Vcn.,

173.
68

72.

Female - Palpus with segments I and II blackish with an apical white ring,
blackish, IV u-hitc, rarely with grayish scales intermixed.
Legs : Fore tarsi. Segment I dark with apical white ring, II 2nd III basal)
dark, apically white, IT and V dark. Mid tarsi ; segments I and II dark escept

III

257

ANOPHELINI

for a small distal white ring, other segments dark. Hind tarsi. Tarsus I dark
with sparse white scales at apex, II with 50% basal black, the apex and segments
III and IV white, V with a basal black ring, the rest also white.
Wing (fig. 228). covered with blackish and yellow whitish scales ; spot B. 2
larger than the dark ones which preceeds it.

Fig. 22 8. -

Fig. 229. -

Anophelrs (Nyssorhynchus)
Ross & Roberts, 1943,

albimanus
Wiedemann,
Mosquito Atlas, 1: 35).

1621.

Wing.

(Based on

(Nyssorhynchus)
albimanus
Wiedemann,
1821.
JiIale genitalia.
(Based on Komp, 1942, An. of the Caribbean Region, figs. 137, 138, 139).

Anopheles

ANOPHELINI

258

Abdomen dark ; tergites covered with light scales ; poster0 lat,eral t.ufts
; sternites without white scales on first tergites ;
present, from segments III-VII
cerci with blackish and yellowish mixed scales.
iWale - Genitalia : (fig. 229). Lobes of claspette united, the apes blunt, a
small sclerotized spot in middle preapically, in front two ovate, delicate, lightly
sclerotized lobes. Mesosome tubular, without leaflets, the apex rounded. Anal
lobe conical, delicate, the paraprocts quite developed.
Pupa Not described.
Larva - (fig. 230). Head : Antenna spiculose, the spicules large on interna.
portion, terminal hair four branched, antenna1 hair on basal fourth and triramous.
Clypeal index about 1 ; hair 3 a little shorter than 2 both covered with simple,
long hairs ; 4 simple and small ; 8 bifid or trifid and long ; 9 trifid a.nd long ; 14
bifid or trifid and shorter ; 13 trifid or four branched.

230

231.

Fig. 230. -

Wiedemann, 1821.
Larva.
Clypeal
hairs and prothoracic group.
(Based on Kemp, 1942, Anophelin,s of the
Caribbean Region, 116, fgis. 88 and 89).

Fif.

Egg.

231. -

Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)

albimanus

(Based on Roaeboom, 1938, Am. J. Hyg.,

27 (1)

99).

Prothorax
with hair 1 inserted in the same sclerite as 2 and with more than
twenty filiform leaflets inserted at different levels and appearing feathered.
Abdomen with tuft 1 from segment I to VII, in I with ten leaflets which are
palmate and blunt at apex, in II-VII
with 20 lanceolate, blunt leaflets ; segment
I with hair 2 trifid, 3 simple, 4 branched, 5 trifid, 6 and 7 long and pennate ; II
with hair 0 four branched, 2 trifid, 3 four branched, 4 simple, 5 five branched, 6
and 7 as in I ; III with hairs 0 and 2 as in II, 3 trifid, 4 and 5 as in II but longer
and 5 with six branches ; IV with hair 0 as in II, 2 simple, 3 and 4 triramous, 4
longer, 5 with four branches, 6 long and simple. Pecten with two long teeth, two
shorter, a small one, three even smaller, a long one, five shorter and a long one.
Egg - Rozeboom (1938) : - (fig. 231). The exochorion covering the ventral
surface with rows of small silver spots ; the exposed dorsal endochorion of an even
black color ; dorsal surface flattened. The floats are large, about four-fifths, the
length of the egg, and are placed laterally. The inner dorsal edges of the floats are
well separated from one another, and often gradually approach one another at the
center of the egg, so that the lateral borders of the exposed dorsal surface are slightly
concave. The frill is a very narrow band extending from the end float ridges, bardering the dorsal surface, except at the ends of the egg, where it dips below the

.I

II

L I N

rounded tips, so that when viewed dorsally a small portion of the frill cannot be
seen.
Type Zocdity S. Domingo.
Type ? ?
Bistribu2ion - Central
America
: Mexico,
Coast of Venezuela,
Colombia, Guianas
and Equador.
Transmission of mdariu - Wherever found it shows itself one of the most
important malaria vectors.

Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)

1932

Anopheles

(N.)

tarsimaculatus

1940

AnopheZes

(IV.)

aquasalis

1940

Gabaldon

& Aguilera,

1941

Rozeboom,

1942

Komp,

Nat.

1942

Galvao

& Damasceno,

1943

Galvis,

Rev.

1943 Russell
1943

Ross

Am.

Keys

1943

Downs

1943

Ga!vgo,

Ar.

& al.,

1944

Causey

Cova-Garcia,

1947

Floch

1947

Deane

1948

Giglioli,

1948

Deane

1950

Downs,

1950

Kuyp,

1951

Giglioli,

syn.

1905

Am.

Ins.

Rev.

Mos.

& Damasceno,
Mos.
Kon.

Ver.

Indian

1915 Zetek,
Howard,

1923

Godoy

1923

Root,

1923

Bonne
Root,

An.

1923

Petrocchi,
Bonne

1927

Shannon
Dyar,

1930

Shannon

1931

Shannon,

Goeldi,

1933

Shannon,
Senevet

Sot.

Am.,

Hyg.,

Hyg.,

Ins.

Sau.

322,

Pub.,

276.

463.

345,

363.

501

1949 Deane

& al.,

: 793.

5 (4)

465-512.

Par&,

19

133.

160.

221.
4 : 975.

Ins.

Bact.

37 :

29.

Ins.

B.

Men.,

A.,

Mos.

Ponte,

Sur.,

Rev.

Ins.

Ent.

Sot.

11

127.

253.
511.

Bact.

B. A.,

53.

439.

& Davis,

An.

Am.,

Proc.

Ent.

Sot.

Wash.,

33

Proc.

Ent.

Sot.

Wash.,

35

& Abonnenc,

Ar.

Rep.

1Med. San.

1936 Earle,

Bm.

J. Trop.
J.

1938

Rozeboom,

Am.

Gabaldon,

Pub.

44

1938

GalvSio

& Lane,

1939

Kumm

& Ruiz,

Am.

Kumm

& Soto,

hlem.

& Unti,

Pub.

Liv.

16
27

Mal.,

J. Trop.

Meh.,

Sal.

Pub.

Serv.

Prof.

1941

Komp,

Am.

As. Adv.

Sci.,

GalvBo

& Damaqceno,

Fol.

AlgCrie,

12 : 29.
Am.

J. Med.,

16 : 459.

100.

Prof.

1942

120.

1936 Earle,

Caracas,

488.

100.

459.

Jubilar

S. Paulo,

23

:
:

Pasteur

Dep.,

Hyg.,

Div.

Zool.

Ins.

Med.,

1938

Ar.

301,

Wash.,

Mon.,
Med.,

1931 Earle,

Galvgo,

122.

4.

37.

OS Mos.

Sot.

Am.,

87,

41 et seq.

Biol.

& Del

35,

Pub.,

Proc.

Rev.

XIos.

1934

1940

89

& Bonne-Wepster,

1928

1940 Ramos

Sau.

& Bonne-Wepster,

1925

130.

31.

144

5 (3) : 293-403

Bras.

J.

Guyane,

Esp.

& Pinto,

Am.

159.

14

2.

Serv.

& Knab,

J.

122,

2pp.

Dyar
Am.

566.

29.

Guiana,

Ins.,

Ent.

26, 38.

142.

Br.

tarsimacuZata

& Knab,

1917

1924

Ind.
J. hlal.,

AnopheEes

1906 Dyar

10

15

46.

Panam.,

Esp.

Rev.

News,

39

Serv.,

Mal.,

33.

2 :

Pasteur

Serv.

Contr.

J. Hyg.,

Div.

World,

Sot.,

San.

of the

Pub.,

J. Hyg.,
Conf.

& Abonnenc,
& al.,

Mal.

73,

12

Atlas,

& Sau.

XII

& Biol.,

Bogot&,

to the An.

Nat.

Hig.

Am.

Pub.

102.
179

Clin.

Mosquito

& al., J.

1946

Bol.

Curry,

& al.,

67.

Bul.,

Med.,

& Roberts,

Sci.,

Hlth.,

Fat.

& al.,

id.,

As. Adv.

Ins.

aquasalis

Gabaldon

Curry, 1932.

aquasalis

197.

Travassos,
19

y Prot.
Mal.,

173.

438
Sot.,

14

7.

14

1940 Kumm

& al., id., 20

412

1940

22.

412.

90.
Clin.

& Biol.,

129

1942 Galr:lo

& al., _lr. Hig.,

12

260

A N 0 P H

56 ;

syn.

syn.

1942 GalvBo,

1943

Del

Ponte,

1943

Barrett0

1943

Mullin-Diaz,

1943

Coutinho,

1943

Co&a,

id.,

12 : 237.

Ins.

Bact.

& Coutinho,

Rev.

Corn.
Ar.

Ar.

Zool.,

Hig.,

Hig.

13

B. A.,

Mus.

85

id.,

S. Paula,

Thesis,

46.

65

gorgusi

Dyar

1907

Anopheles
A.

1932

Anopheles

(IV.)

tarsimacuZatus

Anopheles

(N.)

emiliunus

1941

1948

An.

var.

Anopheles

aquasalis

Pet.

Co.,

H.

N.,

1943
8

& Knab,

tarsimuculatus

of the World,

Biol.,

Komp,

J.

321.

id.,

N.

aquaselestis
Ent.

Y.

Ent.

Curry,
Sot.

and Anopheles

Am.,

1944 GalvBo,

Corr&a

103, 103 ; 1946 Coutinho,

Univ.

15 :

Med.

Am.

Ar.

1.

id., 8

SOL,

Trop.

51.

id., 9

An.

45 ; 1944 GalvBo,

guarauno

1943 Galvgo,

& Ramos,

Evans,

An.

Montevideo,

Ramos,

124

1944 Corr&a

1921

albimanus

11 : 489.

Bras.

& Sau. Pub.,

& Grieco,

to the
subsp.

Rev.

E L I X I

J.

142

198.

& Par.,
Hyg.,

15

13

460.

566.

34 : 794 ; 1943 Russell

Hig.

aquasalis

& Sau.

Pub.,

delta Anduze,

& al., Keys

142.

Bol.

Med.

Creole

18.

Female - Palpus with segment I having erect, blackish scales, a few white
ones at apex, II blackish, rarely with white scales on dorsal surface ; III and IV
white on upper surface and with a transversal dark band separating the segments ;
the inferior surface is also dark.
Legs : Fore tarsi with basitarsus black dorsally, yellowish ventrally and
with a narrow apical ring ; segments II and III with more than the basal half
dark, the apical one white ; IV and V dark. Mid tarsi with segments I, II and III
dark, except for a narrow apical white ring, IV and V dark. Hind tarsi with I
dark on dorsal surface, yellowish below, II with 25% of basal black but some
specimens can have as much as 50% black, III and IV white, V with a narrow
basal ring.
Wing with 3.4 mm in length ; light scales yellowish white ; spot B. 2 larger
than the pre-humeral one, rarely smaller ; spot SC. large.
Abdomen dark, tergites covered with light scales ; posterolateral tufts present from segment II to VII ; sternite without white scales on segment I ; cerci
with white scales.
Male - Genitalia : (fig. 232). Lobes of claspettes broad, the apex broad and
truncate, little sclerotixed, covered with fine, short pilosity, with a small preapical
plate. Mesosome without leaflets, the apex rounded, basal plates triangularly
shaped. Anal lobe slender, conical, the paraprocts quite developed, expanded
at base.
Pupa - Abdominal seta A with little less than half the length of respective
segment.
Larva - (fig. 233). Head : Antenna with longer and denser spiculosity internally, the external sabers longer than the internal ones, the apical hair a little longer
than sabers and trifid ; basal half with a four branched hair. Clypeal index 1.0
to 1.4 ; hair 3 slightly shorter than 2, both covered with long, simple pilosity ;
4 bifid or trifid and small ; 8 with four branches ; 9 with three or four, both quite
long ; 13 and 14 trifid.
Prothorax with tuft 1 formed by 11 to 17 palmate leaflets with blunt apex,
this tuft is not inserted on same sclerite as hair 2.
Abdomen : Tuft 1 from segment I to VII, on I formed by twelve leaflets, on
others by twenty ; I with hair 2 four branched, 3 simple, 4 branched, 5 trifid, 6 and
7 feathered ; II with hair 0 four branched, 2 with four longer branches, 4 a tuft
of five branches, 5 simple, 6 and 7 as in I ; III with hairs 0 and 2 trifid and long,
3 with four branches, 4 simple and long, 5 long but with a tuft of six branches, 6
pennate ; IV with 0 five branched, 2 simple, 3 with four branches, 4 and 5 a long,
trifid tuft, 6 long and simple. Interspiracular sclerite with anterior process developed, the lateral ones short.

exochorion with rows of

Egg - Rozeboom (1938) : - (fig. 234). Ventral
silvery spots ; the exposed dorsal surface of an even black color. The dorsal surface

261

ANOPHELINI

is strongly concave. The floats are large, approximately three fourths the length
of the egg, and placed laterally. The margins of the floats may cover a considerable
portion of the dorsal surface, and may be quite irregular. The frill is a narrow
band extending from the end float ridges, bordering the dorsal surface.

232.

233.

Fig.

232.

Anopheles

Fig.

233.

Larva.

Fig.

234.

Egg.
(Based
on Galvgo,
1943,
br.
Hig.
& Sau.
Pub.,
S. Paulo,
156-162;
egg based on Rozeboom,
1938,
Am. J. Hyg.,
27 (1):
99).

(Nyssorhynchus)

aquasalis

1932.

&
my,

Male

genita!ia.

(19)

Type locality - Bras& State of Par& Belem. Type lost.

Distribution Mexico : Central
America
and South
America
as far
south as northern Argentina
and Uruguay.
Note - CeZZiu evansi BrethQs, 1925 can be the above mentioned species or
A. strodei Root, 1926. A. gorgasiDyar & Knab, 1907 was based on a specimen
with additional markings on hind tarsi. Such aberrant forms have been found
also in A. triunnu2atus and A. ulbimunus.

Anopheles
1922

CelZia Peryassfi,

1933

Anopheles

1934

Senevet,

(Nyssorhynchus)
A Fl.

Med.,

(Nyssorhynchus)
Ar.

Ins.

Pasteur

3 :

Verteuil,
Algkrie,

oswaldoi

(Peryassti, 1922).

179.
Pap.
12 :

Leg.
29.

Coun.

Trin.

& Tob.,

32

27.

.\ s

262

1938

Rozeboom,

1938

Galvt?o

1938

Gabaldon,

Am.

.J. Hyg.,

& Lane,

Lv.

Pub.

Div.

Rev.

1938

& _ibonnenc,

Senevet

1940 Gabaldon
1940

Biol.

& al.,

Ramos

& Unti,
A El.

1940

Galvgo,

,4r.

1940

Unti,

1941

Komp,

Am.

1941

GalvEo

& Lane,

121,

131

Med.,

Komp,

1942

Fonseca

Nat.

1942

Co&a

& Ramos,

1942

Galvis,

Fat.

& al., J.
& al.,

Keys

1944

Causey

& al.,

Am.

1944

Co&a

& Ramos,

1946

Cova-Garcia,

XII

1947

Deane

Rev.

1947

Coutinho,

1947

Floch
Giglioli,

1950

Kuyp,

syn.

1926

Anopheles

1928

Lima,

1937

GalvBo

1924

Anopt,eles

S. Paulo,

Abonnenc,
Mos.

Kon.

Ver.

(N.)
(N.)

1939 Galvao
8:

Rev.

IMed.

102,

35

& Damasceno,

Fol. Clin.

et Biol.,

14:

106.

1943 Corr&a

& Ramos,

id.,

51.

48.

Pub.,

130.

34,

86,

121.

301,

321,

Guyane,

344,

36.5.

144

6.

37.

42 et seq.
3

,Zm. J. Hyg.,
6 : 709.
: 95 ; 1930 Pinto, id., 23

37.

Root,
Supl.

Hyg.,

osaaldoi

Cir.,

larsimaculatus

& Lane,

102.

160.

Guiana,

Cruz,
Biol.

: 509.

48.

tarsimaculatus

-111. Paul.

Anophefes

lnsteur
89

41
id.,

1.

56.

16

Pub.,

San

Ins.,

id.,

: 29.

Panam.,

tarsimaculatus

& al.,

124,

2.

Thesis,

0.

74,
Pub.,

& Sau.

Br.

Ins.

12

39

Serv.,

Ind.

(N.)

Mem.

Pee&a,

sgn.

Ins.

Contr.

Med.,

1942 Galvao

of the World,

Esp.

Africa

45.

Sot.,

San.

10

Butantan,

12

Hig.

Serv.

7.

Rozeboom,

Hig.,

179

Hyg.,

Ar.

& Sau.

Mal.

J.

432.

-4r.

to the An.

Conf.

Univ.

1948

Hig.

Nat.

14

430,

1941

: 493.

16

65.

Lucena,

11

Ins.

Bogota,

Downs

1937

Mem.

Med.

*Mal.,

Hig.,

Bul.

Russell

WI.

Biol.

Ar.

26,

1940

90

Hlth.,

Ins.

Algerie,

: 379 ; 1941 Unti,

40

& al.,

1943

vn1.

;
1 :

Galv%o

1943

Prof.

175.

101.

Pasteur

:
Sci.,

& Fonseca,

& al.,

51,

Serv.

Med.,

1942

Ins.

Mal.,

As. Adv.
1942

Div.

Rev.

Travassos,

S. Paula,

Zool.

Paul.

Ar.

Pub.

1940 Lucena,

An.

Hyg.,

Pub.

101.

Prof.

Mal.,

1938 GalvBo,

27

Jub.

Lv. Jub.

26

Christophers,

1934 Pires,

Ind.

Fat.

Med.

Med.

metcalji

Galvao

& Lane,

Prof

Travassos,

175

154.

Bre.

Mem.

S. Paulo

An. Fat.

Med.

1944 Galvso,

(Thesis),

ilr.

: 39 ; 1934
54 : 59.

S. Paula,
Hig.

13

218

& Sau. Pub.,

143.

1942

Anopheles

1947

A.

(N.)

(Nyssorhynchus)

1947

A.

(IV.> kondtrz

konderi

Coutinho,
Deane

konderi
Univ.

& al., Rev.

Galvgo
S. Paulo,
Serv.

& Damasreno,
Thesis,

Esp.

Sau.

Fol.

Clin.

et Biol.,

14

115.

50.
Pub.,

301, 321, 344, 365.

Female - Palpus with segments I and II having an apical white ring, III
and IV with the white predominating, the blackish ring separating these segments,
a blackish stripe on ventral surface.
Legs as in A. strodei except hind tarsus II which has only the basal sixth
black. King and abdomen as in A. strodei.
Male - Genitalia : (fig. 235). Lobes of claspettes pilose, subtriangular, with
median sclcrotization and a sclerotized preapical plate. Mesosome without leaflets,
short, thick, the apex rounded, laterally with a groove before apex. Anal lobe
delicate, conical, the paraprocts developed and subtriangular.
Pupa - Abdominal hair A short.
Larva - (fig. 236). Head : Antenna as in A. strodei. Clypeal index 1. Hair
3 slightly shorter than 2, bot.h with dichotomized branches beyond the basal third ;
4 small and with three to five branches.
Prothorax with hairs 1 quite separated and with twelve palmate branches,
exceptionally with a larger number, apex pointed ; these tufts are on a distinct
sclerite from 2.
Abdomen with tuft, 1 with slender, truncate leaflets, rarely they are pointed ;
tergal plate of segment VIII larger than in VII ; interspiracular sclerite with the

0 I

I-,

L I

263

anterior process developed, the lateral ones even more developed and nearly as
long as the narrowest portion of this sclerite.
Egg - Galvao & Lane (1938) : - (fig. 237) Apresenta apenas urn colarinho
no polo cephalico. OS fluctuadores tomam todo o seu comprimento e apresentam
de 40 a 45 gomos.
237.

236.

235.
Fig.

235.

Anopheles

some
Fig.

Fig.

226

237.

Type

(Nyssorhynchus)

and

anal

hairs,
1943,

Egg.

Rozeboom,

locality

on

Anopheles
1939

Kwnnl
Soto,

Komp,

& Ruiz,

Costa

Kemp,

Am.

As. Adv.

19-Q

Iiomp,

Nat.

Ins.

1942

Galvao

& Damasceno,

Russell

&Z al.,

1949

Lnur,

1950

Ku\

Keys

(111 Boytl).

Sci.,
FI.

Clin

to the

Inst.,

of the
1

J.

Meso-

genitalia.

Hyg.,

: 438 ;
: 1941
123.

27:

Trinidad

95-107).

1940 Kumm

132.

VVorld.

31.

14

, 42 et vq.

Gerais and Rio de

Venezuela

Kemp,

Colom-

1936.

160.

Kumm,

161.

(Both

spiracular
apparatus.
8: 156-162).

Santo, Minas

38:

402.
8!>

Rica

Rozeboom,

75,

et Biol.,

An.

Malarioloey,

22

1941

179

and

Sau. Pub.,

_lm.

Wahb.,

19

Sot.,

90

Bul.

VET. Indisrh

Xals

anomalophyllus

Sot.

Med.

y Prot.

Hlth.

1943

Ent.

J. Trop.

Pub.,

1941

l,, Ken.

Proc.

9m.

Sal.

group
&

1938,

(Nyssorhynchus)

(IV.)

Nem.

protboracic
_Lr. Hig.

State of Espirito

Brasil,

Janeiro. Type in I. 0. C. ?
Distribution - Panama
bia:
Guianas
and Bra&l.

193B Anopheles

1922).

lobe.

Larva
Clypeal
based on

Galvlo,
(Based

(Peryassn,

oswaldoi

id.,

& al., 20 : 408 ; 1940

_4m. .J. Trap.

103.

Ned.,

21

43.

&mm 8~.

264

SNOPHELINI

Female - Similar to A. strodei.

Male - Genitalia : (fig. 238). Claspette having three long pointed filaments
on inner lobe, outer lobe with two long, rounded expansions. Mesosome with rounded apex, bearing a serrate leaflet on each side, one third the length of this structure.

239.

238.
Fig.

238.

Anopheles

Fig.

239.

Egg.
(Based
on Komp,
and Kumm,
1941,
Am.

(Nyssorhynchus)

Kemp,

anomalophyllus

Xale

1936.

1942,
An. of the Caribbean
J. Hyg.,
21:
100, Pl. 2).

Reg.,

162,

genitalia.
figs.

149,

150

Pupa - IVot described.

Larva Similar to A. strodei.
Egg - Kumm (1941) : - (fig. 239). The ventral surface has the same pattern,
so characterisc of A. albimanus and A. strodei, of silvery or minute elevations, like
the surface of a raspberry or blackberry.
On the dorsal surface the frill is absent
posteriorly, where its place is taken by the much enlarged floats.
Type locality - Panama,
Almirante.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Panama
and Costa Rica.

(Nyssorhynchus)

Anopheles
1938

Anopheles

1942

GalvLo

1943

Barrett0

1943

Corr&a,

1943

Fonseca

1944

Causey

1944

Unti

1944

A.
8

oswaldoi

Hig.

Fol.

Am.

& Ramos,

Ar.

noroestensis

143 ;

1947

Coutinho,
Deane

1949

Lane,

Univ.

1940

Anopheles

(N.)

1942

Anopheles

(N.)

.4n.

& Sau.

Jub.

Prof

Travassos,

176.

321.

49.

id.,

28.

Ar.

Hig.

& Sau.

Pub.,

37 ;I

1944 GalvBo,

id.,

130.

50.

Sau.

Pub.,

301,

322,

344,

365.

403.

oswaldoi
darki

of the

15 :

& Unti.

Thesis,
Esp.

Liv.

125.

128.

Pub.,

Lane

& Ramos,

Serv.

& Lane,
14:

: 2.

39

GalvBo,

Biol.,

& Biol.,

S. Paulo,

Rev.

Malariology,

to the

Bras.

Hyg.,

Hig.

Galvao

et Biol.,

Pub.,

Clin.

J.

1944 Corr&a

& al.,

Clin.

Rev.

& Sau.

& Unti,
et al.,

(N.)

noroestensis
Fol.

& Coutinho,
Ar.

1947
syn.

(N.)

& Damasceno,

Galviio & Lane, 1938.

noroestensis

agrozai

Komp,

World,

44.

Proc.

Unti,
Ent.

An.
Sot.

Paul.

Med.

Wash.,

44

& Cir.,

197

40

377.

1943 Russell

& al., Keys

265

-4NOPHELINI

Female - Palpus with segment I dark at base, with white scales ; II dark
with scattered white scales and an apical white ring ; III with white scales predominating on dorsal surface, dark ones on the ventral ; IV with a few white scales.
Legs : Fore pair ; tarsus I with dark brown scales mixed with yellowish
ones and a light ring at apex ; II with 60% basally dark brown, the rest white ;
III with 30% basally dark brown, the rest white ; IV dark brown ; V with basal
two thirds dark, the rest white. Mid pair. Tarsus I with light scales on one side
and dark brown ones on the other, the otherisegments dark brown with a light
241.

242.

240.

Pig. 240. -

Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)

noroestensis

Galvlo

&

Lane,

1938.

Xale

talia.
Fig. 241. -

Larw.

Fig. 242. -

Egg.

Clypeal hairs.
(Based on Galvgo, 1943,

Ar.

Hig. C Sau. Pub. 8 (19)

156-162).

geui-

266

13 E

L I

apical ring on segments II-V.

Hind tarsi with tarsus I brown having an apical white
ring, II with 2530% basally dark, the rest white as well as III and IV ; V with
basal portion dark and the apical one with white scales.
Wing : The light spots formed by whitish-yellow scales. Spots B. 1 and B. 2
fused ; pre-humeral spots very small.
Abdomen : Tergite I nude. Other segments with a triangular yellowish spot
from base to apex of tergites and covering the three last> ones : posterolateral
tufts of black scales on tergites II to VII.
Sternite I nude, others with a few white
scales ; a bunch of white scales on mid line of each sternite, t,he apical margins
with black scales. Cerci with black scales internally and yellowish ones on the rest..
Male - Genitalia : (fig. 240). Anal lobe hyaline, nude, the paraprocts strongly sclerotized and also nude. Claspettes with the lobes fused, high, with light
hairs on lateral margins up to apex which is notched. Preapical plate large and quite
sclerotized ; refrigent structure in the form of an inverted U with traces of branthings ; lateral arms uniting the lobes of claspettes to the basal ones with small
outer hairs and larger ones inwardly.
Mesosome high, narrow, slightlv sclerotized,
the apex very low, truncate and hyaline ; preapical expansions hyaline and blunt.
Pupa - Tube without a notch on margin. Abdomen with hair A from III
to VII ; hairs B present on IV-VII
and two and a half times the length of respective
segment. Paddle with hyaline fringe, the apical seta short and simple, the preapical
hair bifid at apex.
Larva - (fig. 241). Head : Antenna as in A. oswaldoi.Clypeal index 1.3 to
1.5 ; hair 3 slightly shorter than 2, both with very short branches ; 4 with two or
three branches ; 8 with four branches.
Prothorax with hairs 1 quite removed, not on same sclerite as hair 2 and with
about ten palmate leaflets with truncate apex.
Abdomen with hair one from segment I to VII, in I with twelve leaflets ; II
to VII with twenty five to thirty palmate leaflets with truncate tips. Tergal plate
of VIII one and a half times larger than that of VII.
Interspiracular sclerite with
anterior process long, the lateral ones short.
Egg (fig. 242) 450 to 500 micra in length by 185-200 micra in greatest
width. Floats occupy nearly the length of egg and measure 360-445 micra in length
and have from 34 to 40 divisions which are striate, a larger groove separates the
divisions. Cephalic end with a collar on upper surface bearing striations. Caudal
end without colar. Lateral and lower surfaces with the exochorion differentiated
in quite large, regular, oval, granulated, perlaceous elevations.
Type Locality - Bras&
State of S. Paula, Pereira Barrett0 (formerly Sovo
Oriente). Type in F. H.
Brasil,
States of S. Paula, Maranhgo, Piaui, Ceara, Rio
Distribution Grande do Norte, Paraiba, Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro : Argentina
:
Uruguay.

Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)

Cova-Garcia
1940

Anoph~les

Gabaldon,

26, 36, 69
1941

Rozeboom,

1942

Galvfio

1912 Galvgo,

Cova-Garcia

1941 Cova-Garcia

Am.

As.

Adv.

8.~ Damasceno,
Ar.

Hig.,

1943

Russell

& al.,

1943

Galvis,

Rev.

1943

Causey

& al.,

1946

Cova-Garcia,

XII

1947

Deane

Rev.

1945

C;ig!ioli,

& al.,
Mos.

12

Keys
Fat.

Am.

Contr.

Serv.

Pub.
id.,

Div.
7

Mx.,

3 : 9 ; 1940

: 57.

103.
& Biol.,

14

121.

241.
of the World,

BogotB,

J. Hyg.,
Conf.

& Lopez,

Clin.

to the An.

Med.,

& Lopez, 1940.

& Marcano,

Sci.,

Fol.

Gabaldon,

rangeli

39

San.

Rr.

49.

43.

2.

Panam.,

Esp.

Serv.,

12

Sau.

Pub.,

Guiana,

37,

89,

123.

302,

322,

1
37.

344,

3%.

Gabnlclo!l

Cyral.. id.,

1950

Kuyp,

1950

Lane

Kon.

Ver.

(in Boyd),

Indisch

Ins.,

Malariology,

89 :
I

0 P II

E L I N I

267

42 et seq.

403.

Fen&e - Tying with spot B. 2 half as long or three times as long as t,he prehumeral spot ; spot on SC. very large. Fore tarsus II with 45 to 85% of basal black
generally 60 to 70y0 ; III with 20 to 45y0 basally black, Hind tarsus II with 15 to
359$ basally black, generally from 20 to 30%.
Mule - Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of the last segment.
Genibalia : (fig. 243). Dorsal lobes of claspettes fused, the preapical plate
not strongly sclerotized with a small, basally directed projection, the basal espansions with thick externally erect and internally bunched setae ; refringent structure
U-shaped and hyaline. Mesosome with long apex and usually without leaflets.

243.

244.

Fig.

243.

Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
Male
genitalia.

Fig.

244.

Egg.

(Based

on

the

original

rang eli

Gabald LO%

Cova-Garcia

&

Lopez,

1940.

de 5cription).

Pupa Gabaldon, Cova-Garcia & Lopez (1 940) : - Paleta subtriangular

con indice de 1.4. El borde externo de la paleta es liso en su parte anterior ; tiene
en la mitad algunas espinas cortas, y m&s atr&s estA provista de una hilera doble
de pelos hacia la mitad de1 borde interno. El pelo de la paleta es largo, fino p
recta. El pelo acessorio es pequefio y bifurcado. La trompeta respiratoria no ayuda
en la diferenciacibn de estas con las de ayuasalis y oswaldoi. La espina posterolateral de1 segment0 II es pequefia y sin pigmento, muy similar a la de aquasalis,
pero difiere de la de oswaldoi en donde es pigmentada. Las espinas III y IV son
cortas y romas. La espina V es m& delgada que en oswakloi y m&s corta que en

265

ANOPHELINI

aquasalis. La espina II es cerca de un decimo de la longitud de la espina V. La

espina IV es cerca de un cuarto de la longitud de la espina VIII . . . ..
Larva - Similar to A. noroestensis.
Egg - (fig. 244). Characters from Deane, Deane & Causey (1947). A broad
collar like structure anteriorly.
Floats united at both ends, long and reaching
posterior end of egg ; exochorion with rounded protuberances.
Type locality - Venezuela,
Carabobo, Puerto Cabello. Type in the Division
of Malariology of Venezuela.
Venezuela,
Carabobo, Aragua, Trujillo : Trinidad
: CoDistribution lombia : Bras&
Acre Territory.

Anopheles
1940

Anopheles

1942

Galvao

(Nyssorhynchus)

Gabaldon,

& Damasceno,

1943

Russell

& al., Keys

1943

Galvis,

Rev.

1944

Galvgo,

Ar.

1947

Deane

& al.,

1947

Floch

Fat.
Rig.

Coutinho,

1948

Giglioli,

1950

Kuyp,

1950

Lane

Kon.
(in

Boyd),

Aguilera,

Div.

Br.

Inst.,

Malariology,
(N.)
Mal.,

ooeldii
5

Sau.

Keys

A.

goeldii

Russell

& al.,

A.

goeldii

Causey

& al., Am.

1945

Anopheles

dunhami

122.

id.,

7 : 59.

47.

301,

144

322,

341,

365.

6.

37.

42 et seq.

403.

1941

1943

(N.)

1944

14 :

& al.,

50.

Guiana,

Rozeboom
72

Gabaldon

World,

Guyane,

1941

146.

89
1

40.

Pub.,

Thesis,

Serv.,

Indisch

Pasteur

S. Paula,

Ver.

Anopheles

Esp.

Ins.

Contr.

of the

Pub.,

Ser.

& Biol.,

Bogota,

& Sau.

Univ.

Clin.

Gabaldon, 1940.

nuGez=tovari

Mal.,

to the An.

Rev.

Mos.

Div.

Fol.

Med.

& Abonnenc,

1947

syn. 1941

Pub.

& Gabaldon,
Gabaldon
to the An.
J. Hyg.,

Causey,

J.

Nat.

Am.

J. Hyg.,

& al., id.,

39

of the

7 :

33 : 89 ; 1941

Gabaldon

&

59.

World,

46.

2.

Mal.

Sot.,

Female - Proboscis longer than fore femur. Palpus the length of proboscis,
last two segments white scaled, black at base, II and III blackish and shaggy, IV
white at apex, scattered white scales on distal portion.
Legs : Fore tarsi with broad white rings of first three segments, IV dark, V
white on apical half. Mid tarsi with distinct rings on I and II, III and IV with
such rings indistinct, V with a white ring at apex. Hind tarsi I with small apical
spot, II with 40yo basally black, other segments white but V with a distinct apical
ring.
Wing with spot B. 2 larger or smaller than the preceeding black one. SC. small.
Abdomen : Tergites extensively covered with yellowish scales ; posterolateral
tufts from segments II-VII
and blackish scaled. Sternites with segment I dark
scaled. Cerci densely covered with yellow scales.
iWale - Palpus nearly as long as proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 245). Claspettes with fused internal lobes, basally hairy ;
preapical plate rounded ; apex broadened, rounded, incised centrally ; external
lobes long and rounded at apex, ending in three long, curved leaflets. Mesosome
as broad as long at apex which is rounded, broad and with a pair of leaflets on each
side.
Pupa Undescribed.
Larva - (fig. 246). Hairs 1 and 2 single, with minute lateral branchelets on
apical half. Clypeal index 1. Prothorax with hair 1 palmate, formed by ten or
twelve pointed leaflets arising at same level. Abdomen with tufts 1 present from
segment I, the leaflets pointed and with smooth margins. Hair 6 of segments IV-VI
very long and single. Breathing apparatus with anterior flaps reduced or absent.
Egg - (fig. 247). Rozeboom & Gabaldon (1941, for goeldii) : - . . . The frill
is present on both ends of the egg as a horseshoe-shaped ribbon of exochorion ; the
floats are separated from one another on the dorsal surface, so that there is an

exposed area of dorsal endochorion between the floats and in the area bordered by
the frill. Float with approximately 25 ridges.
Type locality - Venezuela,
Cojedes, San Carlos. Type in Div. Mal. Venezuela.
Distribution - Venezuela,
Cojedes, San Carlos, Maracay, Aragua, La Ceiba,
Trujillo : Co1ombia,
Andagoya : British
Guiana
: Brad,
Northern portion.

245.
Fig. 245. -

Anopheles

24G.
(Nyssorhynchus)

Gabaldon,
Original.

nuiiez-tovari

Lobes of claspettes and mesosome.

247.
1940.

Male

genita;iu.

Fig. 246. -

Larva.
Clypeal hairs, prothoracic hair 1 of abdomen and spiracular .appara(Based on Cova-Garcia, 1946, XII Conf. San. Pan-americana 1).
tus.

Fig. 247. -

Egg.

Anopheles
1943
1943
1944
1947
1947
1950

(Based on Causey, Deane & Deane, 1944, -4m. J. Hyg., 29:

(Nyssorhynchus)

galvgoi

2).

Causey, Deane & Deane, 1913.

Causey, Deane & Deane, Rev. Paul. Med., 23 : 293.

GalvBo, Ar. Hig. & Sau. Pub., 8 : 143 ; 1944 Co&a & Ramos., id., 9
Causey & al., Am. J. Hyg., 39 : 2.
Coutinho, Univ. S. Paulo, Thesis, 50.
Deane & al., Rev. Serv. Esp. Sau. Pub., 1 : 301, 322, 344, 365.
Lane (in Boyd), Malariology, 1 : 403.
Anopheles

131.

Female - Similar to A. aquasaks.

Male - (figs. 235, 248). Characters from Causey, Deane & Deane (1943) : Similar to A. oswaldoi but membraneous apex of mesosome shorter and blunter
and the apex of fused lobes of claspettes slightly broader and less notched at apex
than in oswaldoi. Preapical plate large and strongly sclerotized, the basal lobes with
a row of pectinate setae along basal margin directed backwards as in oswaldoi.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Characters from Deane, Causey & Deane (1947) : (fig. 249) - Head
hairs 2 and 3 nearly of same size, with sparse lateral branches. Clypeal index
slightly more than 1. Hair 4 divided before the middle in* three to five branches.
Antenna1 hair on basal fourth, small and divided into six branches. Apical hair of
antenna longer than sabers and divided into two or three long branches.
Prothoracic hair 1 quite removed from its opposite ; 2 inserted on a sclerotized plate ; 1 small, palmate, with ten to fourteen slightly sclerotixed leaflets
and not inserted in same sclerite as 2. Palmate tufts of metathorax and segment
I of abdomen developed and with lanceolate leaflets ; tufts 1 of other segments
of abdomen with leaflets truncate at apex, chiefly from segments IV to V. Sclerotized plate of spiracular apparatus with moderate lateral flaps.

"70

_\SOPHELINI

Egg - (fig. 250). Causey, Deane & Deane (1943) : - (0~0s

do tipo de oswaldoi. Colarinho anterior formado por est,reito reb6rdo. Flutuadores longos extendendo-se da ponta posterior ao quartoinferior
do colarinho. Area entre of flutuadores escura, estreita e sem desenhos. C&ca de 45 gomos nos flutuadores. Exoc&ion da superficie ventral todo ocupado por manchas brancas ou eleva@es que
parecem brancas quando vistas sob luz forte.
Type locality - Brad,
TerriMrio do Acre, Rio Branco. Type in University
of S. Paulo.
Disttibution - Brad,
Territorio do Acre, States of Amazonas and Sao Paulo.

250.
Fig.

248.

Anopbdes
genitalia.

Fig.

249.

Larva.

Fig.

250.

Egg.
Pub.,

1926

daopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)
galvFioi
Cause?.
Deane
&fesosome.
(Based
on GalrSio,
1944,
Ar.
Clypeal

(Both
1 (2)

1927

Shannon

1928

Lima,

Root,
& Del

Mem.

1931

Shannon

Proc.

1934

Senevet,

Ar.

1936

Galvgo
23

Med.

Hyg.,

Galv~o,
1938

Rozeboom,
Lucena,

1938

Senevet

1939

Kumm

1940

An.
13

id.,

1938

Sot.

Am.

Rev.

GaMo,

1941

Unti,

Pub.

J.

Hyg.,

27

Hyg.,

Ar.

Am.

Serv.

Esp.

Sau.

Root, 1926.

strodei

B.

A.,

53.

10 ;

S. Paulo,
Fol.

1933

Shannon,

id.,

35

120.

20.

12

Clin.

275

et Biol.,

& al., Rev.

id.,

104

1936 Galvgo

65

Biol.

& Lane,

1937 Galvao

Hyg.,

1938 Galvgo

41

& CorrBa,

Rev.

Xus.

& Lane,

Paul.,
Fat.

An.

Rev.

1928 Galvgo,
id., 9

112

1938

Pub.
1

: 102.
: 47.

Ins.

Pasteur

J. Trop.

Prof.

Mal.,

AlgBrie,
19

Med.,

& Soto,

Div.

Ent.,

Serv.

Rev.

100.

12

1938 Corr&a,

Biol.

Zool.,

Rev.

1947,

133.

& al.,
Ar.

1937 GalvSlo

7 ; 1940 Kumm

Gabaldon
Barretto,

221

Bact.
3

33 :

Med.

Deane,

711.

Blgerie,

& Lane,

& Abonnenc,

map

1940

Ins.

Wash.,

Fat.

51, 56

& Ruiz,

1940

Sot.

Supl.

Pasteur

1937 GalvWo

S. Paulo,

Biol.

Rev.

Cruz,

Ent.
Ins.

& Lane,

26 ;

0.

&

(Nyssorhynchus)
J. Hyg.,

Ponte,

Ins.

Deane
2).

Am.

&Tale
11).

Hairs.

based on Causey,
fig. 91 and pl.

-4nopheles

& Deane,
1943.
Hig.,
8 (19)
fig.

id.,

22

36.

438

16 : 493.

1939 Kumm

1940 Kumm

& al., Mem.

& al., -4m. J. Trop.

445.

11

159.

Mnl.,

9 : 1941 Unti,

An.

Paul.

Med.,

41

507.

Sal.

Pub.

Med.,

y Prot.
20

412.

.I

1941

Kumm,

1941

Co&a

& Ramos,

1941

Komp.

Am.

179

71,

120,

1943

Kumm

I% al.,

Grieco,

Ar.

1943

Russell

& al.,

1943

Corr&a,

Ar.

1944

Causey

1946

Cova-Garcia,

1947

Floch

Am.
Keys

& al.,

Am.

271

r\ I

38, 314.
id.,

102

1942

Komp,

Nat.

Ins.

Hlth.,

Bul.

Ins.

1947

Deane

Coutinho,

Rev.

1948

Giglioli,

1949

Castellanos

1950

Vargas

1950

Kuyp,

1950

Lane

(in Boyd),

sgn.

1928

Anopheles

1930

A. evansi Pinto,

Contr.

Ver.

1940

Anopheles

Guiana,
Med.,

1941

Anopheles

Mos.

Inst.,

Malariology,
evansi

(NJ

Mem.

27

1943 Galv%o

id., 8:

91,

125.

7.

302,

322,

344,

364.

37.

29

34.

de MBxico,

130.

42 et seq.

404.
(net

Ins. 0.

strodei

id., 8

49.

An.

89

Dyar

40,
144

Pub.,

Br.

Indisch

(N.)

Sau.

Trop.

Tax.

Guyane,

Serv.
J.

& Ramos,

2.

Panam.,

Esp.

49.

1944 Unti

131.

(Thesis),

Est.

(N.)

S. Paula

& al., Am.

& Palacios,

39

374.

World,

126
9

Pasteur

Serv.

Med.

of the

San.

23
133.

id.,

J. Hyg.,
Conf.

& Abonnenc,

Mos.

& Ramos,

XII

Fat.

Ned.,

Exp.,

to the dn.

1947

subsp.

Pub.,

90 ; 1942 Rozeboom,

& Sau. Pub.,

Corr&a

Kon.

& Sau.

J. Trop.

Clin.

Hig.

8: al.,

21 : 93.

Hig.
Sci.,

F, L

158.

Cir.

1944

Med.,

Ar.

9s. Adv.

1943

143

_%m. J. Trop.

P H

ramosi

strodei albertoi,

Brethk),

Crux,

23

Unti,
arthuri,

Mos.

An.

153

Paul.

artigasi

Am.,

438.

1932 Pinto,
Med.

Rev.

& Cir.,

and lloydi Unti,

Med.
40 :

Cir.,

40

287.

489.

Pub. Serv.

Prof. Mal.

8: 9.

Female - Palpus with the last segment dorsally white ; IV variable but with
a black ring or such a ring reaching the basal third or over whole segment or even
intermixed with white scales.
Wing with spot B. 2 always larger than the preceeding black one, sometimes

fused with B. 1 ; B. 3 and M. 3 are frequently missing. SC. generally large. Wing
scales whitish yellow.
Fore tarsi with 75?& black on II and 50% on III.
Hind tarsi with an apical
white ring I ; II with 40-45% black but from 33% to 50% in some specimens.
MaZe - Genitalia : (fig. 251). Root (1926) : - Similar to those of tarsimaculatus except as follows. The parabasal spine is more slender in strodei than in
tarsimaculatus. The chitinized strips which support the anal lobe are more slender
and less bulbous apically in strodei. The fused dorsal lobes of the claspette have
their tips laterally expanded, folded or striate, and hairless, and the hairy lobes
which project antero-dorsally are comparatively large. . . . the expanded and
striate tips of the dorsal lobes of the claspette are usually rather conspicuous and
form the best character for differentiating strodei from tarsimaculatus.
Pupa - Indistinguishable from those of albitarsis and alhimanus, thus having the postero-lateral spines of the posterior abdominal segments slender and
somewhat longer than in tarsimaculatus.
Larva - (fig. 252). Antenna as in al&tars&, the basal hair shorter. Clypeal
index from 2 to 3 ; hair 3 little shorter than 2, both with very short, sparse pilosity ; 4 small and bifid ; 8 with five branches ; 9 with four or five, this hair as
well as 8 short ; 14 trifid.
Prothorax with hair 1 divided into fifteen broad and pointed leaflets inserted
on a separate sclerite from 2.
Abdomen with tuft 1 formed by thirty pointed leaflets ; intersegmental
plate of segment VIII
one and a half times larger than in VII ; interspiracular
sclerite with the anterior and lateral processes developed and elongate.
Egg - Galvgo (1940) : - (fig. 253). Grupo I - Ovos largos, corn flutuadores
corn mais de 18 gomos e reb8rdos terminais longos. Grupo II - Ovos est,reitos,
corn flutuadores corn menos de 18 gomos. Existe urn tipo, deste grupo, corn rebbrdos
unidos aos flutuadores (Galvgo, 1938). Ha ainda urn Segundo tipo, deste grupo,
em que OS reb8rdos terminais apresentavam-se isoladod dos flutuadores. Grupo

272

ANOPHELINI

252.
Fig. 251. -

Anopheles

253.
(Nyssorhynchus)

strodei

Root, 1926.

Male

genitalia.

Mesosome

and anal lobe.

Fig. 252. -

Fig.

253.

Larva. Clypeai hairs and prothoracic group.

Ar. Hig. & Sau. Pub. 8: 156-162).

(Both based on Gal\-Zo, 1943,

%?z.Several types. (Based on Causey, Deane & Deane,

Esp. Sau. Pub., 1 (2) : 306).

1947,

Rev. Serv.

III - Galvgo & Barr&to

(1939) descreveram uma forma curiosa de ovos que n5o
apresentavam
flutuadores nem reb6rdos terminais e flutuavam
perfeitamente
nagua.
Galvdo (1943) adds the following information : - LRozeboom

(1938)
colectando ovos de strodei em criadouros naturais verificou que OSmesmos variavam
muito de morfologia, varia@o esta que agrupou em 3 tipos principais - A, B e C.
Na mesma 6poca Galvgo (1938) tendo oportunidade de estudar oviposi&o de A.
strodei em cativeiro, de femeas isoladas, verificou tambern uma grande variaggo
na forma dos ovos em diferentes oviposi@es. Dentre estas varia@es foram caracterizados 3 tipos diferentes, que sugeriam a possibilidade da existencia de diversas
variedades ou subesp&ies que foram denominados de tipo I, II e III.
Foram tambkm observadas numerosas v$zes anomalias acentuadas representadas pela presenga, numa mesma oviposi&o, de ovos de formas diferentes. Todavia estas anomalias sempre foram vistas em ovos que se enquadravam no tipo I e II. Concluimos,
pois, que OS ovos tipo A, B e C de Rozeboom representam anomalias de ovos que
.correspondem ao tipo II de Galvgo.
He continues. Unti
(1941) criando A.

II

pi

273

strodei a partir de ovos do tipo I, II e III de Galvgo e do tipo II anomalo, verificou

que as f&meas assim punham ovos dos mesmos tipos respectivamente.
Concluiu,
entao, tratar-se de variedades distintas de A. strodei que assim constituiam urn
complex0 de formas afins. Denominou aos strodei corn ovos tipo I de A. strodei
typicus, aos correspondentes ao tipo II var. arthuri, aos do tipo II an6malos var.
artigasi e aos do tipo III var. albertoi. Julga que, se id$nticas pesquisas confirmaram
o carater transmissivel dos ovos de tipo C de Roeeboom (1938), devem 6les corresponder a uma outra variedade de A. strodei, para a qua1 propde o nome de A. strodei
lloidi. Como se observaram numa mesma postura, ovos do tipo da var. artigasi e
e da var. arthztri, que parecem representar a forma normal, (tipo II de Galvao),
julgamos que estas duas primeiras variedades sejam iddntica a arthuri. Por outro
lado nZio sabemos a qua1 das formas, tipo I, tipo II ou tipo III correspondem a
forma tfpica do A. strodei descrito por Root. Como 6le n5o descreveu OSovos destas
especies, seria necessario verificar se na localidade tipo OS strodei apresentam urn
ou mais d&tes tipos de ovos. No primeiro easo, urn d&les deveria corresponder a
forma tipica, uma vez que tal carater seja transmissivel. No Segundo case o autor
ter& a liberdade de eleger a forma tipica o tipo I de Galvao. Ha grande inter&se
que &stes estudos sejam continuados, pois uma destas formas de strodei foi eneontrada naturalmente infectada por Correa (1939), (igual a typicus de Unti ou de
ovos tipo I de Galvao).
Type locality Bras&
State of Minas Gerais, Juiz de Fora, Agua Limpa.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution From Mexico
t#o Argentina.

Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)

1922

Cellia

1925

Anopheles

Neiva

& Pinto,

1925

Bonne

1926

Root,

1927

Shannon

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

1928

Davis

& Shannon,

1933

Davis,

An.

Petrocchi,

Braz.
Rev.

& Bonne-Wepster,
Am.

1934 Pires,

J. Hyg.,,
& Del
Am.,

Ent.

Fat.

36

Ins.

Bact.

Mos.

Sur.,

Ins.

Bact.

Am.
Sot.

J.

Am.,

26

S. Paulo

(Thesis),

& al.,

1943

Galvgo,

Ar.

Hig.

& Sau.

Pub.,

8 :

1945 Ramos,

dr.

Hig.

& Sau.

Pub.,

10 : 9.

1950

Lane

Ins.

Keys

Rev.

(in Boyd),

Mos.

S. Paulo,

Rev.

Fat.

57.

67.

Russell

& al.,

448.

Del

Coutinho,

B. A.,

278.

1943

Zool.

Pub.,

1943

Deane

Sal.

Hyg.,

Galvgo,

1947

523.

715.

Rev.

1940

1946

522.

Martini,

Ponte,

322.

B. A.,

1935

Ar.

(Neiva & Pinto, 1922).

436.

Med.

Dep.

Ponte,

Med.,

rondoni

Back
to the

Serv.

Med.

Mexico,

B.

A.,

An.

Esp.

11 : 489.

of the World,

(Thesis),
1

49.

143 ; 1944 Corr&a

Sau.,

S. Paula

Malariology,

22.

447.

322,

& Ramos,

id.,

132.

364.

49.

403.

Differs from A. strodei because there is a black ring on hind tarsal

and a large blackish mark on the prescutellar region.
Male Genitalia : Differs from that of A. strodei in details such as the apex
of fused lobes of claspettes which are less expanded laterally and the branches of
basal expansion which do not have hairs.
Pupa Unknown.
Larua Similar to that of A. strodei.
Egg - Similar to the eggs of A. strodei (type II of Galvao, 1938).
Type locality - Brad,
State of >Iato Grosso, Ladario. Type in I. 0. C.
Distribution - Brad,
States of Mato Gross0 and S. Paulo : Argentina,
Corrientes, Jujuy : Mexico,
Tamaulipm.
Female

segment III

Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)

triannulatus

triannulatus

(Neiva & Pinto, 1922).

1922

Ce2lia Neiva

1925

Anopheles

1926

Root,

Am.

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

1938

Galvao

& Barretto,

1940

Galvlo,

Ar.

Zool.

Galvgo,

id.,

11

1941

Komp,

& Pinto,

Bonne
J.

Hyg.,

Am.,

Am.

179 : 69,

As. Adv.

& Ramos,
& al., Keys
Rev.

1943

Fonseca

1943

Unti
id.,

1944

Hyg.,

502.

144.

437

90

1941 Rozeboom,

1941 GalvBo

& Lane,

Rev.

Biol.

Hyg.,

11

10 ; 1941

id.,

101 ; 1942 IComb,

Nat.

Ins. Hlth,

Bul.

Wig.

12

to the An.
Med.,

Bogotg,

1942

12

Ins.

Bact.

B.

Unti,

Fol.

Clin.

& Biol.,

Ar. Hip.

56

GalvBo,

of the World,
.4.,

id.,

12

241.

50.

41.

11 : 489.

& Sau. Pub.,

15

47.

28

1943 GalvBo,

id., 8

144

1944 CorrPa

& Ra ,mos,

132.

Causey

& al.,

1946 Coutinho,

Am.

Univ.

Floch

1948

Giglioli,

1949

Lane

1950

Kuyp,

syn.

1923

Cellia

1924

C. cuyabensis

J. Hyg.,

S. Paulo

1947

Abonnenc,
Mos.

(in Boyd),
Kon.

Ins.

Contr.

Anopheles

1925

A.

Pasteur

Serv.

(N.)

Neiva

A.

cuyabensis

and

A.

cuyabensis

and

bachma&

1928

Anopheles

(N.)

perezi

1933

Anopheles

(IV.)

strodei

1932

A.

1933

Gabaldon,

(N.)

1933

Shannon,

1935

Senevet,

Fat.

Med.

Proc.

1936

Rozeboom,

1937

Galvlo

& al.,

& Novis,

1938

Kumm

1938

Gabaldon,

1939

Am.

Sot.

J. Trop.
Biol.

,4m.

Pub.

Div.

Kumm

& Ruiz,

Am.

Kumm

& Soto,

Mem.

Gabaldon

& al.,

Rev.

Pub.

Med.,

Sal.
Div.

:
:

Med.,

Pub.
MaI.,

Paul.

hlos.

Med.

Am.,

& Cir.,

435.
26

1934 Pires

(net

287.

521.

41.

Caracas,

J. Trop.

(in Dyar),

715.

: 120.
: 352.

15

27

42

4 : 69.

70.

35

J. Hyg.,
Mal.,

437.

Cir.,

15

Hyg.,

B. A.,

Hyg.,

61.

AlgPrie,

Bact.

235.

J.

Ponte

132.

Am.,

(Thesis),
40

521.

An.

Med.

37

Sur.,

Root),

Wash.,

Pasteur

Rev.

8: Del

S. Paulo

Ins.

Am.

Mos.

PessBa (net

17

110s.

Root,

Caracas,

Ent.

Ins.

Rev.

Dyer,

Shannon

Pinto,

Gac.
Ar.

bachmani

Med.

bachmani

Med.,

Euot.,

Petrocchi,

A.

An.

Braz.
Pat.

& Bonne-Wepster,

1926

7.

52 et seq.

Sor.

1928

Root),

& Pinto,

bachmani

144
37.

404.

89

Bul.

Bonne

49.

Guyana,

Inst.,

Bonne,

cuyabensis

2.
Guyane,

Br.

Indisch

cuyabensis

39

(Thesis),

Malariology,

Ver.

1925

1940

Rev.

& Ramos,
9

Biol.

Sci.,

Ar.

Fat.

Ponte,

Sur.,

156.

Russell
Del

356.

Mos.

52.

Corr&a
Galvis,

36

715.

Rev.

1943
1943

6:

S. Paulo,

118,

Med.,

437.

1942

1943

Braz.

& Bonne-Wepster,

; 1938
: 197.
19 : 438 ;
503

y Irot.
5

Rozeboom,

id.,

27

101.

38.

Sot.,

1940 Kumm
22.

& al., id.,

20

410

; 1940

Male - Genitalia : (fig. 254). Dorsal lobes of claspettes nude with lateral
expansions which are earlike and very characteristic.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 255). Head : Clypeal index 1,5 ; hair 3 slightly shorter than 2,
both w&h discreet lateral branches : 4 bifid and one fifth the length of 3.
Prothorax with the tufts 1 quite close together, inserted onseparate sclerites
from 2 and with fifteen to twenty slender and blunt leaflets.
*Abdomen with tuft 1 blunt at apex ; interspiracular sclerite with the anterior
process developed, the lateral ones much developed and nearly reaching the external
margin of spiracles, the internal margin serrate.

255.
Li~p. 2.54.

Anopheles
talk.

(Nyssorhynchus)

256.
triannulatus

(Neivn

&

Pinto,

1922).

Male

ge-

Egg - Galvao (1940) : - (fig. 256). Sas ovipos@es que obtivemos OS ovos
se apresentam de 2 tipos ; nos que chamamos de SalGbra I, &les sao curtos e largos,
de 396-408 micra de comprimento por 163-175 micra de largura. OS flutuadores
sao muito afastados na linha mediana e OS rebbrdos terminais se dispdem muito na
estremidade, de modo a envolver OS seus poles ou ultrapassti-los urn pouco. -4s
faces inferior e laterais apresentam o exocorion diferenciado em desenhos discrctos,
formando figuras hcxagonais e nzio as eleva$Tjes ovaladas que encontramos 110sovos
da cspecie nas diferentes zonas de S. Paulo. A sua configura@o geral, na face
superior lembra a de A. albimanus figurada por Rozeboom (1938). OS ovos do
segundo tipo, a que chamsmos de SalBbra tipo II, corn 419-437 micra de comprimento por 151-163 micra de largura, flutuadores longos e mais unidos na linha
mediana e rebbrdos terminais muito pcquenos e se inserindo na face superior do
A sua configura&o geral lembra a dos ovtis tlrsta
ovo, em posigao subterminal.
cxpecie de exemplares provenientes de Itapira da var. davisi. T&m entretant3, a
particularidade de r&o apresentarem o exocorion das faces inferior e laterai3 dilc-

276

E 1~ I N

renciados em eleva@es ovalares, mas sim quasi liso, apenas corn esb6Eo de eleva@es,
so observavel sob certa incidencia de luz . . . .
Type locality - Bras&
State of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba. Type in I. 0. C.
Distribution Panama:
Costa
Rica : Guianas:
Venezuela:
Peru :
Brad
: Paraguay
and Argentina.

Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)

triannulatus

davisi

Paterson & Shannon, 1927.

1927
1928

Anopheles
Lima,

subsp.

Paterson

Supl.

& Shannon,

Mem.

Ins.

1941

Anopheles

1943

Russell

& al.,

1943

Galvgo,

Ar.

1946

Cow-Garcia,

(N.)

0.

Cruz,

3 .a Reun.
3

triannulatus
Keys

Hip.
XII

Conf.

Sot.

Arg.

An.

Pub.,
San.

Pat.

Reg.

N.,

100.

claoisi GalvZo

to the

& Sau.

& Lane,

of the World,
8

Rev.

Biol.

Hyg.,

11 : 10, 92.

50.

144.

Panam.,

38,

90,

125.

FemaZe - Generally larger than in the typical form. Spot B. 2 in most cases
large, sometimes as large as twice the size of the pre-humeral black spot. Otherwise
similar to the typical form.
Male - Genitalia similar t)o the t,ypical form.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 257). Clypeal index 1,2 ; hair 3 a third shorter than 2, both
with very short branches ; 4 small. bifid or trifid.
Prothorax with tuft 1 formed by thirteen to twenty slender leaflets with blunt
apex and inserted in a different sclerite from 2 ; interspiracular sclerite with average
anterior and lateral processes.
Egg - Galvao, Lane & Correia (1937) : - (fig. 258). Muito semclhantes
aos de strodei dos arredores de S. Paulo. As suas dimens6es sao urn pouco menores.

257.
Fig.

257.

Anopheles

258.
(Nyssorhynchus)

triannulatus

davisi

Paterson

&

Shannon,

1927.

Larva.
Fig._

258.

Egg.

(Eased

on

Galvgo,

1943,

Ar.

Hig.

&

Sau.

Pub.,

(19)

156-162).

0 P H

277

Comprimento - 431 a 466 micra ; maior largura, 139 a 151 micra. OS flutuadores
medem 244 a 291 micra de comprimento e sao divididos em 25 a 27 gomos, que n6o
apresentam embricamento lateral coma em strodei. 0 polo cefalico e mais dilatado
do que o caudal. Exocorion das faces lateraes e inferior corn eleva@es ovalares
identicas as de strodei e tarsimaculatus.
Argentina,
Type in U. S. N. M.
Type locality Distribution Argentina
and Brasil.

Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)

Cova-Garcia
1941

Anopheles

1943

Russell

Gabaldon,

& al.,

1943

Galvao,

Ar.

1944

Causey

& al.,

Keys

Hip.
Am.

1946

Cova-Garcia.

XII

1947

Deane

Rev.

& al.,

Cova-Garcia
to the An.

& Sau.
J.

Conf.
Serv.

& Lopez,

39 :

San.

Pub.

Mal.,

7 :63.

146.

2.

Panam.,

Esp.

Div.

44.

of the World,

Pub.,

Hyg.,

;Gabaldon,

benarrochi

& Lopez, 1941.

Sau.

Pub.,

41,

93,

127.

302,

322,

344,

365.

Similar to A. aquasalis.
Female Male Genitalia (fig. 259). Gabaldon,%Cova-Garcia
& Lopez (1941) : . . . es semejante a 10s de las otras especies dela sub-serie triannulatus con excepcion de 10s 16bulos fundidos de la claspeta. Estos tienen el vertice ligeramente
ensanchado terminando en extremos agudos, muy diferentes de 10s abultamientos
apicales de A. strodei y de las prolongaciones en oreja de murcidlago de A. tkannuZatus. El vertice est& coma en las dos especies nombradas, desprovisto de pelos y
surcado por estrias bastante regulares. En su cara ventral se notan dos abultamientos que se unen en el centro, algo separados de 10s ensanchamientos laterales.
La placa quitinosa pre-apical es oval, de centro homogeneamente pigmentado, con
prolongaciones laterales de pigmentation difusa, que le da ,un aspect0 semilunar.

260.

269.
Fig.

259.

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus)
Nesosome
(Based
7: 22, fig.
4).

Fig.

260.

Fig.

261.

Larva.
apparatus.

Palmate
(Based

Egg.
(Based
fig.
1).

on

on

261.
Gabaldon,
Cova-Garcia
&

benarrochi

Gabaldon,

tuft,
clypeal
on Cova-Garcia,
Gab&don,

hairs,
1946,

Cova-Garcia

Cova-Garcia
Lopes,
1941,

prothoracic
XII
Conf.
&

Lopez,

& Lopez,
Pub.
Div.

1941,
Ma].,

group
and
spiracular
San. Paranamericana
1).
1941,

Pub.

Div.

Mal.,

7:

4,

Pupa - A detailed description is given by Gabaldon, Cova-Garcia & Lopez

(1941).
Larva (fig. 260). The above mentioned authors mention the following
characters : - Head : Clypeal index 1 ; hair 3 as long as 2, both thick with long

27s

branches beyond the middle ; 4 small and with three to five branches ; 8 with
four to seven branches ; 9 with five to eight branches ; 14 two or three branched
and small ; 13 with five to seven branches.
Prothorax wit.h t,uft 1 bearing twelve to fourteen broad, lanceolate leaflets.
Abdomen with tuft 1 small, with six to ten palmate, lanceolate leaflets on
segment I : II-VII
with fourteen to twenty five palmate, broad and truncate
leaflets. Interspiracular plate with anterior process blunt, the lateral ones reaching
the internal margins of spiracles ; pecten with long, serrate teeth at base.
Eyg (fig. 261). Extreme ant,erior provisto de una pequefia estructura
similar a un cue110 de camisa, mucho m&s estrecho que 10s presentados por A.
darlingi v A. mngeli. Los flotadores se extienden desde muy cerca de1 cue110referido
hasta casi cubrir el extremo posterior, de1 que apenas queda librc la punta. Los
flotadores, de un lado se encuentran en la cara dorsal con 10s de1 lado opuesto, no
dejando superficic dcscubierta. Los flotadores tienen alrededor de 40 compartimientos. La longitud de1 huevo oscila entre 482 y 500 micras ; y su anchura entre
214 y 232 micras. Los flotadores tienen de 410 a 428 micras de large.
?ype loculity - Venezuela,
Trujillo, La Ceiba. Type in Div. Mal. Venezuela.
Distribution - Venezuela,
Trujillo : Brasil,
Territorio do acre

Subgenus KERTESZIA
1905 Kerteszin Theobald,
An. PIUS.
1918 Dendropaedium
Dyar
& Knab,
1937 Kerteszia
1946 Kertesziu

Kemp,
An. Ent.
Coutinho,
Univ.

Nat.
Ins.

Hung.,
3
Ins. Men.,

Theobald, 1905.
:

Sot. Am., 30 : 492.

S. Paulo, Fat. hled.

66 6

type

: 141--

(Thesis),

boliviensis
type cruzi

Theobald.
Dyar
& Knah.

17.

Adz& : Mesonotum with four longitudinal stripes

which take a dark or whitish sheen due to incidences of light. Wing
with patches of. while scales on a dark background but with 2nd.,
4th. and 6th. veins mostly dark scaled. Legs with white rings. Xbdomen without white scales except in A. boliviensis. Male genitalia with
the following arrangement of setae on basistyle : - two accessory
setae near apex, a median internal one and a parabasal one, all of them
blunt, long and curved ; ext,ernal lobe of claspettes with a group of
slender leaflets forming a tuft on each side ; internal lobes divided and
hairy on the apical third.
Pupa - Segments VI to VIII with hair A the length of segment,
external margin serrate.
Larva - Head hairs 2 and 3 the same length ; 5, 6 and 7 simple ;
8 and 9 also simple. Prothorax with hair 1 in two long branches which
are finely feathered ; 2 long and simple, 3 short and sometimes bifid
at apex. Abdomen with tuft 1 reduced, the base conical, the leaflets
narrow ; ha,ir 6 simple and long on segments IV to VII.
Egg - Similar to those of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus.
Bionomics - The adults are small sylvan mosquitoes which breed
in epiphytic plants belonging to the family Bromeliaceae. Only one
species (A. bambusicolus) breeds in living bamboo joints. They will
bite readily both man and animals at daytime as well as at night, and
in some regions (A. cruxi and A. bellator) will frequent houses to feed.
Transmission of malaria - A. cruxii and A. bellator are important
carriers of malaria in Trinidad (B. W. I.) and Southern Brazil.
Characters

Key

for

the

II

adults

I,

279

of KERTESZIA.

1. Abdominal segments without scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.

Abdominal segments with black scales on apex of tergites II-VIII
;
sternites II-VIII
with white scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . boliviensis
2.- Fifth hind tarsal black with a white ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.
Not so, fifth tarsal unicolorous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.
3. Fifth hind tarsal entirely white ; male genitalia with the mesosome without leaflets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . bambusicolus
Fifth hind tarsal completely black ; male genitalia wit,h the mesosome bearing leaflets at apex _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bellator
4.
Vein 3 with more than one white spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.
Vein 3 with a single basal, small white spot ; male genitalia
wit,hout leaflets on mesosome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . neivai
5.
Dorsal lobes of claspette elongate, the hairs directed upwards or
sideways ; mesosome with normal leaflets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cruzi
Dorsal lobes of claspette short, thick, some of the hairs also
directed downwards ; mesosome without leaflets or with very
small ones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . homunculus
Anopheles
1905

Kertestia

1913

Knab,

1917

Anopheles

1922

Kerteszia

(Kerteszia)

Theobald,
Ins.

Ins.

An.

Mus.

Mens.,

(Kerteszia)
Boy-d,

Dgar

Am.

Anopheles

(Anopheles)

1928

Anopheles

(Kertesziu)

1936

Anopheles

(Kerteszia)

1939

Anopheles

(Nyssorhynchus)
(Kertesria)

1941

Anopheles
Simons

1942

Anduze,

Rev.

1943

Russell

& al.,

1944

Lane,

1943

Castillo,

1916

Coutinho,

1946

Cova-Garcia,

1949

Lane

& ilitken,

Rev.
An.

Komp

Rep.
XII

(in Boyd),

Ar.

Med.

1st. Exp.
5

40

Mon.

to S. Am.,
1917 Dyar

Cul.,

118.

296.
& Knah,

id., 6

140

.%n. Ent.
Pub.

Zool.

Bul.,

Mos.

SW.,

id., 30

503.

533.

467.

E.

Sot. &km., 29
Div.

S. Paulo,

JIal.,
2

: 415 ;
: 5.

1937 Kemp,

516.

: 101.
7 : 45.

50

Venezuela,

of the World,

44.

264.

Ecuador,

Med.

Am.,

& Osorno,

to the An.

66 ; 1907 Theobald,
Rept.

Ins. Ins. Mew.,

Cova-Garcia,

S. As. Sot.,

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

Galv.?o,

15

Hun.,

1915 Knab,

2 : 379.

Bonne
Dyar,

Keys

Fat.

& Knab,

Army

Ent.,

Nat.

17

J. Hyg.,

1925

1942

(Theobald, 1903).

boliviensis

S. Paulo

Conf.

San.

Malariology,

128.

(Thesis),
Panam.,
1

33.
1

57,

103,

131.

401.

Fernale Palpus dark, with white rings at apex of segments II-IV,

a few
ones at apex of V.
Wing : Costa with four white spots which reach the 1st. vein ; 2nd. vein
with a white spot at branch ; 3rd. with a basal white spot ; 5th. with a white spot
at branch and another small one beyond base of upper branch near transversal vein.
Legs : Fore tarsi with tarsus I white having a preapical and a mesial black
spot ; II and III white with basal black ring, IV and V black. Mid tarsi with I
and II black with a longitudinal white stripe at apex, the rest black. Hind tarsi
with I and II black with an apical white ring, larger on II ; III to V with a basal
blat k ring.
Abdomen dark with brown hairs ; tergites II to VII with apical dark scales ;
sternites with white scales ; cerci with dark scales.
white

280

ANOPHELINI

IMale - Komp & Osorno (1936) : - (fig. 262). Genitalia Side-piece rather
long, somewhat tapered towards tip, clothed outwardly with long setae and sparse
long scales. Clasper long, slender, curved, the tip somewhat enlarged, with very
small conical terminal spine. A minute patch of pilosity is near the base of the
clasper, and one or two long setae near the tip. *4t the base of the sidepiece, arising
from a tubercle, is a single long sinuate parabasal spine, tapering, with blunt tip.
About half-way up the side-piece is a pair of accessory spines. The inner spine is
longer and stouter than the outer, the tip flattened, widened and blunt. The outer
spine is more slender, shorter than the inner, tapered, with blunt tip. The mesosome
is long, tubular slightly expanded at tip, with no apparent leaflets. Claspette
composed of two lobes. The dorsal lobe bears two sets of filaments arising from
tubercles. The filaments are long, slender, flattened, sinuate, widened centrally,
the tips long and pointed. The ventral lobe is flattened, narrow at base, the apex
abruptly expanded into a thin membranous structure, the inner margin thickened,
straight, the outer edge thin, basally expanded, sinuate. The membrane is heavily
clothed with slender curved setae, dense on the inner margin, the outer margin
bare. Anal lobe rounded, conical, membranous, pilose basally. Ninth tergite membranous, without processes.

Fig.

262.

Anopheles
on Kemp

(Kerteszia)
&- Osorno,

boliviensis
1936.
Sn.

Theobald,
Ent.
Sot.

1905.
_4m., 29:

Male
fig.

genitalia.
416,
fir.

(Based
1 ).

Pupa - Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 263). Preclypeal spine very long and slender. Anterior clypeal
hairs long, simple, slightly further apart than the distance between them and the
outer clypeals ; anterior external clypeal hairs very stout, short ; posterior clypeal
hairs long, slender, well behind the anterior hairs ; subantennal hair very long,
exceeding the tip of the antenna, finely branched at tip ; all six frontal hairs simple,
the inner pair the longest, and strongest, the middle pair set close to these, somewhat
shorter, the outer pair inserted anterior to the middle pair, well separated from
these. Inner occipital hair missing but probably long and simple ; outer occipital
hair long, simple, inserted close to the sut#ure. hntenna rather short, scarcely
tapered, with a few weak spines towards tip ; sabres short, the terminal hairs
simple. A stout simple hair outwardly on shaft, about one-third the distance from
base to tip.
Anterior submedian prothoracic group with long branched middle hair, the
outer hair similar, but shorter and more slender ; inner hair rather long, simple.

N 0 P II

281

E L I X I

Palmate hairs on II-VII

segments, the single elements moderate, lanceolate
with pointed tips. Spiracular apparatus rather small, the spiracular openings
well separated, oval. Pecten small, the pecten-hair simple ; with about 20 pointed
teeth, equal, uniform! fringed on one side. Anal segment moderate, with small
saddle, the lateral hair simple, long ; apex of segment spiculate posteriorlv, dorsally. Caudal hairs missing. Ventral brush weak, of many branched hairs.

263.

264.

Fig.

263.

Anopheles
(Kerteszia)
boliviensis
Theobald,
190.5.
Larva.
Head,
prothoracic
group,
abdominal
hair
1 and peden.
(Based
on Komp
& Osorno,
1936,
an.
Ent.
Sot. Am.,
29:
416,
fig. 2).

Fig.

264.

Egg.

(Based

on

Bnduze,

1942,

Rev.

S.

A.

S.,

8:

45,

fig.

1).

Egg - Anduze (1942) : - (fig. 264). Tienen estos huevos el exocori6n de

una coloraci6n castafio escuro y una red de figuras hex&gonas en relieve que les dan
una apariencia rugosa. La membrana de 10s flotadores es gris perla, recubre el
huevo casi totalmente, dejando un espacio dorsal de ancho variable, hacienda reborde en 10s polos. Los flotadores son relativamente anchos, inclinanse hacia el
eje central y tienen units 30 camarillas de aire.
Type locality Bolivia, Songo. Type at Budapest Museum.
Venezuela:
Peru:
Ecuador:
Bolivia.
Distribution - Colombia:

Anopheles
1937

Anopheles

1941

GalvBo,

Ar.

1942

Simons

& Aitken,

Zool.

1943

Galvis,

Rev.

I943

Russell

& al.,

1944

Lane,

1946
syn.

Rev.

Coutinho,
58

1936

(Kerteszia)

(Kerteszia)

1947

Est.

Ent.,

14
Corn.

Coutinho,

Anopheles

Med.

Med.

Keys

An.

Ent.

S. Paula,

Army

Fat.

Liv.

Komp,

Bogot&

to the

An.

2
Bul.,
12

Komp, 1937.

bambusicolus
Sot.

Am.,

30

: 515.

517.
59 : 99.

53.

of the World,

14.

263.

R.
Fat.

(Kerteszia)

F.

DAlmeida,

Med.

S. Paulo

bellator

Komp,

150

1950

(Thesis),
Proc.

Coutinho,

Fat.

Med.

S. Paula

53.

Ent.

SOC. Wash.,

38

68.

(Thesis),

82

-1

II

L I

s I

Female - Proboscis black, one fifth longer than fore femur, labellum yellowish. Palpus a little shorter than proboscis, with shaggy blackish scales, white
ones at apex of penultimate segment.
Legs blackish. Fore pair with white internal line on femora and tibia, the
apex of tibia with a preapical white patch ; tarsus I with basal, sub basal and
an apical white mark. Mid tarsi with white on underside of femur and tibia and
basal two segments, the rest blackish. Hind tarsi white on underside of femur and
tibia ; tarsus I with three white marks, II and III white on distal two thirds,
IV on more than distal half, V completely white.
Wing dark scaled except for a preapical white spot on costa and involving
1st. vein ; 1st. vein with four white spots ; 3rd. with a white spot at base ; 5th.
with white scales on fork.
Abdomen blackish.
Male - Characters from Coutinho (1946) : - (fig. 265). External lobe of
claspettes broad and with two groups of leaflets apically, the external one with
three falciform leaflets bent in the middle and pointed at apex ; the internal group
with three shorter leaflets which are falciform, pointed, enlarged and bent near apex
near distal end of internal lobes of claspettes. Internal lobes of claspettes high,
narrow and thickened at apex with a ventral apical membrane protruding on external margin, they are nude except at apex where there are sparse hairs which are
directed inwards and upwards. Mesosomc quite sclerotized laterally, broader on
basal half and attenuated on the apical one, without leaflets. Anal lobe conical
and with microtriquiae chiefly at -base.

263.
Fix.

265.

Anopheles

Fin.

266.

Anopheles

based

266.
(Kerte-zia)

bambusicolus

(K cr t eszia)

on

Coutinho,

Kemp,

1937.

Xale

genitalia.

Dyar
& Knah.
1906.
Xale
genitalia.
Thesis,
78, figs.
11, 12, 1 and 2).

bellator

1946,

(Both

Pupa Undescribed.
Lawa - Head hairs simple, 2 longer than 3 ; 4 as long as 3 ; 5 and 6 close
together ; 7 much removed from 5 and 6 ; 13 as long as antenna.
Hairs 1 of abdomen present on segments I-VII with twenty slender, pointed
leaflets ; postspiracular hairs short and simple.
Egg Unknown.
Type Zocality - Colombia,
Meta, La Union. Type in U. S. 5;. M.
Distribution - Colombia
: Brasil, Paran&, Londrina.

Anopheles
1906

Anopheles

Dyar

1910

Myzomyiu

Theobald,

(Kerteszia)

& Knab,
Mon.

Proc.
CM.,

bellator

Biol.
5

Sot.

: 86.

Wash.,

19

Dyar & Gab,

: 160.

1906.

.
1917

Anopheles

1917

Dyar

& Knab,

Howard,

1922

Root,

*Am. J.

1924

Bonne,

Ned.

Dyar

Ins.
Hyg.,

1926

Anopheks

1928

Dgar,

Mos;

1936

Kemp

& Osorno,

1939

Anopheles
Anophdes

1941

Simons,

Am.,

An.

Sot.

Mal.,

Rozeboom
Coutinho,

1943

Galvis,

1943

Ross

1943

Downs

& al.,

J.

1943

Russell

& al.,

Keys

1944

Correa

& Ramos,

1944

Coutinho

& al., Mem.

1944

Barretto,

-41. Hig.,

85 Laird,

283

Root,

id.,

278.

J. Hig.,

119.

dm.,

Ar.

J. Trap.

Ptled. Bogota,

E.

1937 Kemp,

Div.

hlal.,

S. Paulo,

Mos.

ritlas,
hfal.

to the

Med.,

22

His.,

13

-4r.

12

Nat.
Ar.

417

Pub.

Zool.

& Ricciardi,

I% Roberts,

29

id.,

30

306.

: 3.

517.

129.

4m.

Rachou

& Ssu.

Ins.

0.

115.

36.

Sot.,

23.

-An. of the World,

Hig.

83.

53.

:
:

Pub.,

Cruz,

41

44.

9 : 9 ;

1944 Corren

85 Ramos,

id.,

133.

18.

14 : 430 ; 1945 Barrette,

Tratado

Hyg.,

2:

637;

1945 Barretto,

_Ar. Hig.

230.

1946

Downs

1946

Cova-Garcia,

1946

4 : 985;

Cova-Garcia,

Galvao,

Hum.

1943

L I

40.

1923

Am.

Ent.

1942

15

Mon.,

48.

Davis,

(Kertesziu)

Rev.

469.

(Nyssorhynchus)
Sym.

379

v. Gen.,

(Kertesziu)

1941

Mens.,

& Knab,

Ins.

Tijd.

.I

& Pittendrigh,

Coutinho,
Med.

XII.
Liv.

(Thesis),

1947

Rachou

1950

Pittendrigh,

Am.
Conf.

Corn.
37

& Ferreira,

J.

San.

Trop.

R.

F. dAlmeida,

1947

Coutinho,

A Fl.

Evolution,

Med.,

26 : 47.
: 58,104, 128.
150 ; 1946 Coutinho

bled.,

Panam.,

id.,
28

43, 64

& Rachou,

1947 Coutinho,

Fat.

52.

2.

1950

Pittendrigh,

Am.

J. Trop.

Med.,

30

457.

Female - Palpus blackish, a narrow white ring at apex of segment IV.

Tarsi : Fore pair. I whitish at base, the rest blackish, II black, the apes
white, IV and V black. Mid pair. I black at base, the rest white, II and III wit,h
and apical white ring, IV and V black. Hind pair. I to IV black with a narrow
apical white ring ; V black, a few specimens may show the apex white.
Wing : Costa with three white spots which reach the 1st. vein. There are
specimens with five white spots. 1st. vein with two additional broad white spots
on basal third ; 3rd. vein with a pre basal spot and another mesial one ; 5th. vein
with a white spot on stem and another at fork.
Male - Palpus with a broader white ring and a spot on dorsum of segment V.
Genitalia : (fig. 266). Claspettes with dorsal lobe having two groups of three
falciform, pointed filaments.
Internal lobes divided in a V, broadened at base,
narrowed preapically where they are membranous, hairy internally and apically,
the hairs pointed inwards and upwards. Mesosome broad basally with a straight,
smooth leaflet on each side. Anal lobe high and blunt at apex with microtiquiae
in the middle.
Pupa and egg Unknown.
Larva - Head : Hair 2 simple ; 3 bifid ; 4 bifid at apes ; 8 not reaching the
insertion of 5 ; 5 long but not reaching clypeus.
Abdominal hair 1 present but vestigial on segment I, nitid in the other segments up to VII, the leaflets fusiform and lanceolate. Post spiracular hairs long
and frequently bifid. Pecten with eighteen to twenty teeth which are subequal
and fringed only at base.
Type locality Trinidad
(B. 1;. I.).
Type in U. S. Y. 11.
Distribution - Trinidad
: Venezuela
: Brasil, St,ates of Paraiba, Espirito
Santo, R. de Janeiro, S. Paulo, Parana, S. Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul.

Anopheles
1912

Anopheles

1922

Root,

Am.

(Kerteszia)

Howard,
3. Hyg.,

Dyar
2

neivai

& Knab,
391

hlon.,

1923

Root,

Howard, Dyar & Knab, 1912.

: Pl. 41 ; 1917 Howard, Dynr & Knab, id., 4 : 986.
id., 2 : 264.

1943

Senevet,

1937

Anopheles

Ar.

1938

Senevet

1939

Simmons

Ins.

Pasteur

(Kertesziu)
& Abonnenc,
& al.,

Ar.

& al.,

Am.

1941

Komp,

Symposium

1941

Galvgo,

Ar.

Zool.,

Ins.

Hlth.,

1941

Komp,

Nat.

1942

Simons

& Aitken,

1943

Russell

& al.,

1943

Galvis,

Rev.

1944

Lane,
Castillo,

Rev,

1946

Coutinho,

1947

Flooh

1950

Vargas

1950

Kuyp,

1950

Lane,

syn.

1917

Anopheles

1942

Anopheles

Res.

90

414.

1941

102.

Rozeboom,

id.,

107

1941

Simons,

id.,

128.

59

of the World,

12

33.

53.

464.
1946

Univ.

Castillo,

S. Paulo

Pasteur
Tax.

Indisch

Malariology,

Los Mos.

(Thesis),

Guyane,

Mos.

Inst.,

hyzephilus

89
1

144

Rep.

118.

133.

401.
Ins.

Ins.

(Nyssorhynchus)

bellator

var.

neivai

61 et seq.

& Knab,

8.

_4n. de MBxico,

Ecuador,

52.

Dyar

Mem.,

509.

505.

39.

Bul.,

Bogot&,

Est.

Ver.

30 :
16

180.
20

179:

Med.

Ins.

& Palacios,
(in Boyd),

Bul.

14 :

Med.

ilm.,

.41g&ie,

517.

to the An.

15

& Abonnenc,

Med.

Malaria,

Med.,

Fat.

Kon.

Human

Med.,

Ent.,

Rev.

Pasteur

Med.,

Army

Fat.

Sot.

in Panama,

44.

Ent.

J. Trop.

Keys

12

An.
Ins.

Malaria

1940 Kumm

1944

AlgBrie,

Komp,

Mew,

and

40

1918 Dyar,

var.

hylephilus

Ins.

Ins.

id.,

6 : 146.

Christophers,

Ind.

42.

1925

Anopheles

(Dendropaedium)

cruzii

1928

Anopheles

(Dendropaedium)

hglephilus

var.

neivai
Lutz,

Dyar,
Zool.

& Par.

Mens.,

Ven.,

13

26.

18.

Female - Hind tarsi with segments II to V with broad white apical rings
over half or more of the segment. Wing (fig. 267)

with three small, white spots on

costa, one on basal third and two on the apical one. 1st. vein with five white spots ;
3rd. with a single small white spot at base ; 5th. with a small white spot at base
and another one at fork.

267.
Fig.

267.

Anopheles
on Kemp,

Fig.

268.

Xale

268.
(Kertesaia)
An. Ent.

genitalia.

neivai
Howard,
Sot. Am.,
30: pl.

(Based

on Komp,

Dyar
& Knab,
2, fig. 5).

1937,

Bn.

Ent.

Sot.

1912.

_Im.,

Wing.

30:

527,

(Based

pl.

2).

Male Genitalia : (fig. 268). Internal lobes of claspette separated by a

V-like opening, broad from base to apex, the margin nearly straight ; hairy on
mid third to apex, the apical hairs longer and upturned. Mesosome without leaflets,
apex narrower and with a rounded point, basally slightly broader. ,4nal lobe
membranous.
Pupa and egg Unknown.
Larva - Differs from A. cruzii and A. homunculus bEcause hair 1 of abdominal segment I is absent.
Type locality - Panama,
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribtition Panama:
Mexico : Costa Rica : Venezuela : French
and Dutch Guianas:
Ecuador:
Colombia:
Salvador.

285

XSOPHELINI

Anopheles
1909

Anopheles

1912

Knnb,

1918

Dyar

& Knab,

Proc.

1922

Root,

Am.

1926

Anopheles

1934

Pirea,

(Kerteszia)

Dyar

& Knab,

Ent.

Sot.

Ins.

Med.

Ar.

Dyar,

Mos.

Senevet,

Cova-Garcia,
Pub. Div. Mal.,
2
Ramos & Unti,
Bul. Serv. Prof.

Pasteur

1940

C. Pinto

1940

Galv%o,

1940
1941

PeryassG, A Fl. Med., 4

30.
GalvBo, Ar. Zool. E. S. Paulo,

1941

Fonseca

& Corr&a,

1942

Amaral,

A Fl.

1943

Corr&a,

Rev.

1943

Griecco,

Sr.

1943

Coutinho

1943
1943

Fraga, -4 Fl. bled.,

Russell & al., Keys

1943

Galvis,

Ar.

Am.

Sau.

Hyg.,

1943

Corr&a,

1944

Lane,

1944

Coutinho

1944

Corr&a

1944

Barretto,

Med.,

Malaria,

Ar.

Fat.

Fol.
Rev.

& al.,

1944

Corr&a
Barretto,

1946

Coutinho,

1946

Cova-Garcia,

1947

Rachow

1947

Coutinho,

1950

Lane

syn.

1901

Ar.

Tratado
Liv.

XII
Univ.

(in Boyd),
Anopheles

181

1903

1908
1908
1909

Mytorhynchella
M. lutzi Neiva,

44.

23.

S. l.,

F.

41 : 9.

111.

San.

A Fl.

1945
150

lanam.,

Med.,

Par.,

59, 105,

13

Fat.

230.

?IIed.

S. Paula

(Thesis),

43

Med.,

10:

129.

53.
401.

Jlon.

Mon.

Llr. Hyg.,

1946 Coutinho,

: 2.

28

Barretto,

1 :

(Thesis),

Theobald,

Bakt.

9 : 9, 133.

632 ;

Almeida,

Theobald,

Central.

World,

: 54.

12

Cruz,

Malariology,

Lutz,

187.

S. Paulo,

S. Paula,

Bourroul),
Peryassfi,

Anopheles

0.

Hyg.,

Zutzii

1.

450.

Conf.

1903

1913

R.

& Ferreira,

15

115.

Hig.

de Wig.,

Corn.

17.

517.

of the

15

Ins.

14

462.

Ar.

Hig.,

& Ramos,

Bogotj,

Mem.

& Cerqueira,

1945

7
13

& Biol.,

47.

Hyg.,

15

Butantan,

187.
to the An.

Clin.

7.

do Sul,

171.

Exp.,

hted.,

Ent.,

Ar.

27

Clin.

14

Grande

166.

Ins.

15

468.

12 : 29.

R.

10

Mem.

Med.,

Rev.

145.

: 5.

& al.,

35

21.

Alg@rie,

Dep.

Biol.

Cir.

141,

(Thesis),

1934

Rev.

1939
1940

& al.,

Mus.,

14 : 79.

Mew.,

S. Paulo

Ins.

Dyar & Knab, 1909.

: 53.

cruzii

S. Nat.

2 : 379.

(Kertesziu)

Fat.

U.

Wash.,

Ins.

J. Hyg.,

cruzii

Proc.

Cul.,

51.

Cul.,

282

177 ;

1903 Lutz,

1902,

J. Trop.

Theobald,
>Ied.,

J.

Trop.

112

1904 Lutz

(in

Mos. Brazil,
2.
OS Cul. Brasil, 78.
adolphoi Neiva,
Mem.
Ins. 0.

boliviensis

1913

15:
110.
M. Zutzi Lutz,

1921

A.

1950

AnopheEes

Proc.

Zutzi Peryass6,
(K.)

Knab,
Ent.

An.

Rev.
Cruz,

Ins. Ins.
Sot.

Wash.,

do Brasil,

montemor

Correa,

hfed.,
11
1
76.

hlens.,
15

:
17

460.

1913 Knab,

Proc.

Ent.

Sot.

Wash.,

108, 169.

14.
Ar.

Hig.

& Sau.

Pub.,

14

53.

Female - Palpus black with white scales on apes of segments III and IV.
Legs : Fore tarsus with I black, a white spot at base, middle and apex not
involving segment, II and III with basal half black, the apical one white ; IV
and V white. Mid tarsi with I black with white spots ; II and III black with apical
white markings, IV and V black. Hind legs with II and III with about 60% of
white apically, IV with half the segment white ; V black at base and apical half
white.
Wing : Costa with five white spots, two smaller basal ones and three larger
apical ones which reach the 5th. vein. 1st. vein with two additional white spots.
3rd. vein with a large basal and an apical white spot, the rest white. 5th. vein
with a broad white spot at base, another at fork and a small one on upper branch.

286

L I N I

illale - Genitalia : (fig. 269). External lobes of claspette with two groups
of three leaflets each, ribbon-like, curved at level on internal lobes and having a
sharp apex ; internal lobes funellike, opening longitudinal, base broader ; internal
margin smooth, external pilose, the hairs directed outwards and upwards, the apical
ones longer. Mesosome high, narrow, the base broader ; a pair of tubular leaflets
near apex ; the leaflets are a third the length of mesosome.

269.
Fig.

269.

Fig.

270.

Anopheles

270.

(Kerteszia)

Anopheles

(Kerteszia)

genitalia.
and 14).

(Both

cruzii

eruzii

cruzii

based

on

Dyar

&

Rnah,

1909.

Male

Corr@a
& Crrqueira,
1946,
Thekis.
pg. 78,

laneanus

Coutinho,

genitalia.
1944.
figs.
5,

Male
6, 13

Pupa Unknown.
Very similar to that. of A. bellator but with postspiracular setae
Larca smooth.
Type locality - Bras&
Rio de Janeiro. Type in B. M.
Distribution Panama:
Costa
Rica:
Venezuela
: Ecuador:
Peru:
Guianas
: Brasil,
States of Amazonas, Pars, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais,
Paran&, S. Catarina, S. Paulo, Territory of Acre, Rio Grande do Sul, Sergipe,
Espirito Santo.
Transmission of malaria - A vector in the states of S. Paulo, Parana, S.
Cat>arina and Rio Grande do Sul.

Anopheles

(Kerteszia)

1944

Anophdes

(Kerteszia)

1946

Co&a,

1947

Coutinho,

Fat.

Med.

eyn.

1937

Azopheles

(IV.)

1937

A.

Ar.

Hig.

(K.)

& Sau.

cruzi

cruzii

Zaneanus
Pub.,

S. Paulo
cruzi
Kemp,

Lane

11

& Cerqueira,

Ar.

Hyg.

& Sau.

Pub.,

9 :

109.

603.

(Thesis),

56.

& Guimarges,

i2n. Ent.

Corrda & Cerqueira, 1914

laneanus

Co&a

Sot.

Am.,

An.
30 :

Paul.

hIed.

& Cir.,

33

212

504.

Female - Similar to il. cruxii cruxii. Usually can be separated by the larger
white spot on 3rd. vein and the hind tarsi II, III and IV which have the basal two
thirds white.
_lInle Genitalia : (fig. 270). Internal lobes of claspette separated by a
IT-like opening, each lobe rectangular and slightly enlarged at apex ; external
lobes with leaflets. Alesosome high, quite sclerotized laterally, broader at base,
attenuated at apex and bearing two tubular well developed leaflets inserted near
the apex. ,4nal lobe conical, membranous, with the margins more sclerotized.
Pupa Unknown.

Lnrm
-Similar to that of A. cruzi cruzi but postspiracular hairs may be
branched api tally.
Ilype locality - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, Campos do Jordao. Type in F.H.
Distribution
Mountain ranges of the States of Rio de Janeiro and S. Paulo.

Anopheles
1937

Bnopheles

1941

Galvao,

.4r.

1942

Anduze,

Rev.

1942

Simons

(Kerteszia)

(Kerteszia)
Zool.

lz.

_Irm>-

1943

Downs

& al.,

1943

G&is,

Rev.

J.

Nat.

1943

Russell

& al., Keys

1944

Lane,

Fat.

1945

Barrette,

1946

Downs

Ar.

1946

Cova-Garcia,

1946

Coutinho,

Mal.

Hig.,

15

& Pittendrigh,
XII.
Corn.

1947

Coutinho,

Fat.

1949

Lane

(in Boyd),

1950

Pittendrigh,

Sot.,

syn.

1937

Galvt-io,

Ar.

& Aitken,

Zoo].

1943

Downs

& al.,

1943

Galvis,

Rev.

Russell

& al.,

1944

T,ane,

J.
Fat.

Rev.

29.

50.

J. Trap.

Med.,

Panam.,

43, 64

S. Paula,
Army
Nat.
Med.
15

60.

(Theiii),

49.
106,

130.

Coutinho,

Fat.

1\Ied.

S. laulo

(Thesis),

34.

53.

401.

1950 Pittrndiigh,

Med.

Mal.

26

~lnoplus Kemp,

_4n. Mos.

Ent.,

4G.

150 ; 19%

S. Paula

(Kertesziaj

Simons

433

101.

of the World,

San.

Med.

1941

1937.

509.

230.

Malariology,

1943

2 :
12

3
59 :

R. F. diilmeida,

1942

30 :

263.
Am.

Evolution,

Anopheles

Bul.,

Bogota,

Conf.

Liv.

Am.,

: 517.

to the rin.

15

Sot.

Venerurla,

Med.

Med.

Ent.,

Sor.,

Kemp,

homunculus

-An. Ent.

S. Paula,

Ser.

& Altken

Rev.

Kemp,

of the

Aim. J. Trap.
Sot.

_b.,

30

Med.,

30

457.

: 514.

517.
Bul.

Sot.,

Bogota,

_4n. Ent.
59 :

99.

2 : 29.
12 :

World,

50.
43.

: 263.

Femule - Similar to A. cruzii cruxii.

Male Genitalia : (fig. 271). Claspette with external lobes bearing t\vo
groups of three falciform leaflets, the apex pointed ; internal lobes much like in
A. cruzii. Mesosome broader at base, at,tenuated at apex, with a pair of tubular
leaflets. The leaflets can be vest.igial or absent.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Very similar to A. crwii cruzii. Head with hair 5 simple, slightly
longer than 6 and a little shorter than 7. Hair 12 longer than antenna, smooth,
with a few branches at apex.

272.

271
Fia.

271.

Anopheles
Coutinho,

Fig.

27.2.

BK~.

(Kertesnia)
homunculus
1946,
Thesis,
79, figs.

(Based

on Anduzr,

1942,

KWI~J.
193i.
7 to 10).
Rw.

S. -1.

S.,

1ltale

rrnita!i:l.

1)

fig.

(I:aietl

on

ANOPHELINI

288

Egg - Anduze (1942) : - (fig. 272). Exocorion de superficie rugosa y de

coloraci6n castafio oscuro. Flotadores amplios, con quince c&maras de aire muy
bien definidas cuya mitad superior se alzan coma velas erectas. Aunque el huevo
esttCdescubierto en el dorso, el reborde de la membrana se inclina hacia el eje central,
sobre todo en 10s poles.
Iype locality - Colombia,
Restrepo, Meta. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution
Colombia : Venezuela : Trinidad
(B. W. I.) : Bra&I,
State of S. Catarina.
Incertae

Anopheles
1947

dnopheles

Anopheles
1947

il~~opheles

(Nyssorhynchus)
(Nyssorhynchus)

Floch

Floch

ininii

& Abonnenc,

(Nyssorhynchus)
(Nyssorhpnchus)

sedis.

Ins.

sancti-elii
& Ahonnenc,

Bibliography

Ins.

Floch & Abonnenc,

Pasteur
Guyane,
144 : 4.

1947.

Floch & Abonnenc,

Guyane,
144 : 7.

1947.

Pasteur

for ANOPHELINI.

AITKEN, T. H. G. - 1945 - Studies on the Anopheline complex of western America.

Univ. California Pub. Ent., 7 (11) : 273-364, 39 fgs.
ALV_~RSDO, C. A. & DEL PONTE,
E. 1939 - Sobre la existencia de Anopheles
nnnuZipaZpi.s en la provincia de Mendoxa - Descripcibn de su larva. Fol.
Biol., Argentina, 388-389.
ALVARADO, C. A. & HEREDIA, R. L. 1947 - Observaciones sobre una nueva
variedad de1 Anopheles (A.) pseudopunctipennis encontrada en la provincia
de Tucum&n. (Kota previa). An. Ins. Med. Reg., 2 (1) : 73-78.
AKDTZE, P. J. - 1942 b - Sobre la fauna culicidiana de Venezuela. Descripcibn
de1 huevo de1 AnopheZes (Kertesziu) homunculus. San. y As. Sot., 7 (3) :
433-434.
--1942 c - Sobre la morfologia de la armadura buco faringea de algunos representantes Venezolanos de1 Subgenero Kertesxia. Rev. San. y As. Sot., 7
(3) : 435-436.
__1942 a - Huevos de Kerteszia. San. y As. Sot., 8 (1) : 45-46.
__1942 - La fauna culicidiana de Venezuela. Descripcibn de una especie
nueva. Rev. San. y As. Sot., 8 (4) : 558-560.
__1943 b - Variaciones en huevos de Anopheles pseudopunctipennis. San. y
4s. So?., 8 (3) : 463-463.
1948 - DOS variedades nuevas de A. aquasaZis. Bol. Med. Caracas, 1 (1) :
17-19.
ASTUSES, P. C. A. - 1937 - A new Anopheles and a new Goeldia from ColBmbia.
Bul. Ent. Res., 28 (1) : 69-73, 2 fgs.
B.ICHRIAN, A. - 1921 - Notes sur les moeurs des Anopheles et leurs conditions de
gites dans la ville Famailla (Tucuman). Bul. Sot. Pat. Exot., 14 : 506-511.
BARBER, M. A. - 1940 - The present status of A. gambiae in Brasil. Am. J. Trop.
Aled., 20 (2) : 249-267, 1 map.
BARRETTO, M. P. - 1938 - Observa@es sobre a ecologia do A. durlingi var. paw
listensis. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 9 (2) : 116-132, 2 pl.
__1940 - Observasdes sobre a ecologia dos anofelinos do grupo Nyssorhynchm.
Rev. Ent., 11 : 159-172.
B_~RRETTO, ill. P. & COUTINHO, J. 0. 1943 - Cria@o de algumas espdcies de
anofelinos brasileiros. Rev. Bras. Biol., 3 (3) : 317-323.

---__* The bibliography

given in the introduction

should also be consulted.

ANOPHELINI

289

BATES, M. 1947 - The laboratory colonization of Anopheles darlingi. J. Nat.

Mal. Sot., 6 (3) : 155-158.
BEJARANO, J. F. R. - 1946 - Algunos aspectos entomologicos de1 paludismo en la
Rep. Argentina. Rev. San. Mil., 45 (12) : 1373-1380.
BENARROCH, E. I. - 1928 - Est,udios relativos al paludismo. Tesis presentada a
la Universidad Central de Venezuela, l-38.
1931 - Studies on malaria in Venezuela. Am. J. Hyg., 14 : 690-693.
1934 a - El paludismo en el estado Bolivar. Cultura Venezolana, 12 (98) :
8 PP.
1934 b Distribution geografica de 10s zancudos Venezolanos de1 genero
Anopheles. Caracas, 6 pp.
-~
1934 c Estudios relativos al paludismo en Venezuela.
Observaciones
acerca de 10s zancudos trasmisores. Bol. Sot. Ven. Cien. Nat., 14 : 178-190,
3 pls.
BEZERRA, -4. - 1936 - Habitos dos anophelineos do Brasil. A Fl. Med., 17 (7) :
125-128.
Sur le demembrement des Anophelinae. C. R. Sot.
BLANCHARD, E. 1902 Biol., Paris, 52 : 794-795.
BODKIN, G. E. - 1921 - Some recent entomological surveys bearing on malarial
incidence in British Guiana. J. Bd. Agr. Br. Guiana, 14 (4) : 226-229.
1921 b Report on malarial mosquitoes in the Potaro District. J. Bd.
Agr. Br. Guiana, 14 (4) : 262-265.
BONNE, C. 1923 d - Variability
of AnopheZes tarsimaculata. Ins. Ins. Mens.,
11 (719) : 127-128.
1923 e The male hypogygium of Chagasia fujardoi.
Tijd. v. Ent. 46 :
122-114.
-1923 f The male Hypopygium of Anopheles mediopunctatus. Tijd. v.
Ent., 46 : 115-117.
1923 c - The eggs of Anopheles mediopunctatus. Tijd. v Genesck, 46 : 118.
1924 c - Malaria in Surinam. Ned. Tijd. v. Genesk, 68 : 616-637.
BONNE-WEPSTER, J. & BONNE, C. - 1921 -Surinaamsche
Anopheles coorte. Gen .
Tijd.
Med.-Ind.,
61 (6) : 673-679.
BORGES, C. B. 1949 - Distribuicao geografica de A. (IV.) darlingi no Ceara.
Rev. Bras. Mal., 1 (4) : 282-287.
BOYD, M. F. 1922 - The census and first malaria index survey of the city of
Mag& Progress Report n. 4.
1926 - Studies of the epidemiology of malaria in the coastal lowland of
Brazil, made before and after the execution of control measure. Am. J.
Hyg., Mon. Ser., 5 : 2-252.
1930 - An introduction to malariology. 437 pp., 2 pls., 80 fgs.
1949 Malariology, 1 : 787 pp., 237 fgs.
BOYD, M. F. & ARIS, F. W. - 1929 - A malaria survey of the Island of Jamaica (B.
W. I.), Am. J. Trop. Med., 9 (5) : 309-399, 2 pls., 13 fgs.
BRETHI?S, J. - 1926 a - Description provisoire de deux especes nouvelles dAno_
pheles Argentiens. La Prensa Med. Ar., 13 : 106.
1926 b - Notas sobre 10s anophelinos Argentinos. Physis, 8 : 305-315.
BUTLER, C. S. & PATERSON, E. - 1927 - Malaria in Haiti. U. S. Naval.
Med.
Bul., 25 : 278-288.
CARLEY, P. S. - 1931Results of the dissection of 1.017 wild-caught Anophelines
in Jamaica. Am. J. Trop. Med., 11 (4) : 293-295.
CARNEIRO, H., DEL NERO, C. & SIM~ES, J. B. - 1927 - Inspec@o antimalarica
do Guandb. (Campos). A Fl. Med., 8 (20) : 241-243.
CARR, H. P. 1938 - A. albimanus breeding in relation to degree of shade in
breeding places. The Southern Med. J., 31 : 803-805.
CARR, H. P., MELI?NDEZ, J. F. & MELI?NDEZ, A. P. - 1941 - Malaria reconnaisance of the province of Camaguey in Cuba. Am. J. Trop. Med., 21 (6) :
739-750, 1 map.

290

A Ii

P IX E L I S I

II. I?. et a!., - 1932 - Malaria reconnaissance of the province of Havana

in Cuba. Am. J. Trop. Med., 22 (1) : 63-71.
CARR,
H. P. & HILL, R. B. - 1942 - A malaria survey of Cuba. Am. J. Trop.
%led., 22 (6) : 587-607, 1 fg.
CARR,
II. P. & MELENDEZ,
J. F. - 1942 - Malaria reconnaissance of the province
of Pinar de1 Rio in Cuba. Am. J. Trop. Med., 22 (1) : 51-61, 1 map.
CARVALHO, J. - 1932 - Dipteros hematofagos do municipio de Ponte Nova (Minns
Gerais). Bras. Med., 46 (34) : 740.
CASTELLSNOS, J. B., lIURRIETA, L. C., LASSJIAX, G. & ORTIZ, C. 1949 - A
malaria reconnaisance of the State of Veracruz, ilfcxicw. Am. ,J. Trop.
Med., 29 (1) : 23-35.
(AVSEY, 0. It. et al., - 1942 - Sate clarifying the status of 11nophelcs czlbitarsis
and nnophe2e.s darlingi. Ent. Sot. Wash., 44 (6) : 122-126, 1 pl.
-1943 ,4. (_V.) sawyeri a llew anophelinc mosquito from Ceard. Brasil.
An. Ent. Sot. Am., 36 (1) : 11-16, 4 pl.
C.~I-SEY, 0. It., DEANE, L. M. & DEANE, M. P. -- 1943 - Ecology of LtnopheZes
gambiae in Brasil. ,4m. J. Trop. Med., 23 (1) : 73-94.
1943 - Descri&o de urn novo anofelino da parte alta do vale do Amazonas,
Anopheles (Nyssorhynchns) galvaoi n. sp. Rev. Paul. Med., 23 (6) : 293-296.
1944 - An illustrated key to the eggs of thirty species of Brasilian hnophelines, with several new descriptions. Am. J. Hyg., 39 (1) : l-7,2 pl.
-~-1945 --- Description of Chugasia rozeboomi, aI1 Anophclirw from Ceara,
Brazil. J. Kat. Mal. Sot., 4 (4) : 341-350, 24 figs.
_
1947 - Chave ilustrada para a identifica@o de ovos de trinta especies de
anofelinos brasileiros, corn algumas descri@es novas. Rev. Serv. Esp. Sau.
Pub., 1 (2) : 293-308, 2 pl.
-~-1947 Chavc ilustrada para a identificaqao de trinta c quat,ro especies
de anofelinos das regidcs Xordcstina c Amazciaica do Brasil pelos caracteres
da genitalia masculina, corn notas s&r c a tecnica de disseca~go. Rev. Ser.
Esp. Sau. Pub., I (2) : 337-3-18, 36 fgs.
CHA~AS, C. - 1907 a - 0 nova gencro d1i/lxorh?/nchelladc Thcobal:l. Braz. Ared.,
21 : 291-303.
-----1907 b - Novas espbcies de Culicidcos Brasileiros. Trat). 1~. 1Zangclinhos,
28 pp., 3 fgs.
C~RISTOPE-IERS,S. R. ~- 1!)15 - The male genitalia of Anophelcs. Ind. J. hIed.
Res., 3 : 371.
_- -1923 An Anopheles of the Nyzorhynchus group (-4nophales a~nnzonicus
sp. IL) from South. America. A%n.Trop. Xled. & Par., 17 (10) : 71-76, 1 pl.
--1918 --- Irovisioual list and rcfcrencc catalogue of the ~1nophrli~ti. Ind. III&.
lies. Mem., II. 3, 105 pp.
CLARK, H. C. - 1926 -- _1 malaria survey of the Tcla railroad Compxry farms
and the results of treatment of malaria in the farm camps. United Fruit
co. Rept., 1925 : 187-196.
- A six years report on malaria in Punan1.t
CLARK, 1-l. C. & Kow, I-1. W. - 19
with reference to drug control. Am. J. Trop. Jled., 17 : 59-7.
_-___ 1938 - A seven years observation on malaria in Panama. Am. J. Trop.
MC&
18 (3) : 271-288, 2 pl.
--1941 A summary of ten years of observations on malaria in Panama
with reference to control with quinine, atabrinc, and plasmochin, withoutj
anti-mosquito measures. Am. As. Adv. Sri., 273-284.
CLEARE, L. D. - 1927 -- Notes on the breeding habits of two mosquitoes (Anopheles tarsimacl&ztus and Aetles tczeniorhynclzus). Bul. Fnt. Rcs. 17 (4) :
405-409, 1 pl.
COLLIER, JV. A. - 1928 -- Durch Protozocn v~rursachts Krankeheitcn in Llanos
gebiet Venezuela. hrch. Schiffs. y Tropenhyg., 32 (10) : 489-494.
COOK, S. S. - 1950 - llalaria control in Haiti. South. Med. J., 23 (5) : -155-459.
CARR,

.
-1

II

L I s I

291

CORR&A, R. R. 1936 -- InformaCocs s8bre a malaria na colonia jsponeza

do
__
Tietk. ,4n. Paul. Med. & Girl, 32 (2) : 131-142.
1938 -- 0 ;2nophcles LVyssorhynchus) strodei coma provavel veci8r da
malaria. Rev. Viol. Hvg., 9 (2) : 104-109, 2 pl.
1941 t-l -- Obscrva~&s scibre o -4nopheZe.s(1~~!/ssorh~?tChz(s)
tlcrrlinyi no I%tado de S. Paulo. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 11 (1) : 40-54, 7 quadros, 1 mapa.
1941 b -- Das formas evolut ivas aquaticas (10 Anophelcs cd nopheles) ciscni.
Xr. IIig. & Sau. Pub., 7 (15) : 25-33, 6 fgq.
1943 a Do ciclo evolutivo, em condi@ks ~~sprrimcntais do rlnopheIes

(Kwteszin) crud. Fol. Clin. et Biol., 15 (1) : 63-68, 4 fgs.

1943 b Da infccao natural, pcla plasmodiose malarica do Anophelas
(Kerteszicr) crltzi. Fol. Clin. et Biol., 15 (1) : 21-32, 11 figs.
1943 b - id. (reimpression). Rev. Med., 27 (110) : 47-57, 11 figs.
1944 a - 0s vetores do malaria no Estado de S. Pau!o. ,4r. Hig. k Sau.
Pub., 8 (19) : 119-132.
1944 b - Kotas s8bre o wtudo da biologia do A. tarsimaculatus CIU C~raguatatuba.
Ar. Hig. & Sau. Pub.. 9 (20) : 103-108.
1946 - Do ciclo evolutivo em condi@ts wpcrimentais do ~1nophcles (Ker!eszia) laneanus. Ar. Hig. & Sau. Pub., 11 (30) : 603-612.
___- 1950 - Descri@o dc dnopheles (Kertesxia) rnontemor nova especie de anofelino do Brasil. Ar. Hig. h Sau. Pub., 14 : 53-55, 1 pl.
1950 tZlguns informes sabrc Anopheles (Arribalzcqia) intermedius. ,lr.
Hig. & Sau. Pub., 14 : 79-8!1.
CORR&~, R. R. & &R&UEIRA,
F. AI. c. -- 1944 - Dcscriqao tk 11nopheles (kerteska) Ic~neanus, nova especie de anofelino dchCampos do Jordao. Ar. Hig.
& Sau. Pub., 9 (20) : 109-118.
CORR~A, R. It., I,IhIA, F. 0. & con,\, D. - 1950 - Observations on the flight and
longevily in nature of L-lnophdes crlbitarsis domesticus. J. Xat. Mal. Sot.,
9 (3) : 280-284.
CORR~A, R. R. & RARIOS, A. S. -- 1942 -- Do cncontro do n. (N.) dadingi, e de A.
oswuZcEoivar. metca2fi naturalmente infetsdos corn 0s parasitas malkicos,
na regigo sul do Iktado de S. Paulo. Ar. Hig. & Sau. Pub., 7 (15) : 379-387,
2 pk.
1944 a - I - Xotas s8bre o estudo da biologia do A. tarsimaczdatus em Caraguatatuba.
Ar. Hig. & Sau. Pub., 9 (20) : 105-151.
~-~
1944 b -- Contribui@o ao conhecimcnto da distribuiggo geografica dos anofclinos do E. de S. Paula. Ar. Hig. & Sau. Pub., 9 (20) : 125-152.
-~1947 --- OS anofelinos de Caraguatatuba.
Especial rcferdncia ao vetor de
malaria. Ar. Hig. & Sau. Pub., 12 (31134) : 5-62.
COUTINHO, J. 0. - 1943 - Contribui@o para o cstudo do Anopheles (N.) tarsimaculates no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Ar. Hig., 13 : 65-77.
_..__~ 1944 - .Inopheles (Shannoniezia) costalimai, novo nome e a redescri@o da
espfkie. hIem. Ins. 0. Crux, 39 (3) : 425-434.
____ ._ 1946 a - Contribui@o para o estudo do sub-g@nero Ke&szia corn a descri@o
do macho de Anopheles (Kertcsxia) hambusicolus. Liv. Homcnagem R. F.
dAlmeida,
13 : 149-154, 2 fgs.
~---- 1946 b Anofclinos do Rio de Janeiro (Distrito Federal) corn referencia
aos transmissores de malaria. 0 Hospital, 30 : 651-662.
1946 c Contribui#o
para o conhecimento das especies do sub-genero
hertesaia. (Thesis), 87 pp., 14 fgs.
__ _ __ 1947 - Contribui@o para o estudo da distribui@o geografica dos anofelinos
do Brasil. Sua importbncia na transmissao da malaria.
Univ. S. Paulo,
Fat. Rledicina, (Thesis). 117pp., 2 maps.
COUTINHO, J. 0. & FARIAS, CT. S. 1942 - AnopheZes (Ayrozamyia) tibiumaculatus. Descri@o do macho e cria@o de novo sub-genero. ,4n. AC. Bras.
Ciencias, 14 (4) : 343-347, 2 figs.

292

ANOPHELINI

COUTINHO, J. O., RACHOU, R. & RICCIARDI, I. 1943 Contribuigao para o

conhecimento dos transmissores de malaria no Brasil.
Anopheles (K.)
cruzi e A. (K.) bellator. Ar. Hig., 13 : 115-127.
COVA-GARCIA, P. 1939 - Notas sobre 10s anofelinos de Venezuela y su identificacion. Pub. Div. Mal., Caracas, 2 : 34 pp.
-1943 - Penetration y dispersion en Venezuela de las especies A. (N.) darZingi y A. (N.) albimanus. Serv. As. Sot., 8 (3) : 467-472, 1 map.
-1946 - Notas sobre 10s Anofelinos de Venezuela y su identification.
XII
Conferencia Sanitaria Panamericana-Cuadernos
Amarillos. 208 pp., 42 fgs.
__
1951 - Distribution
Geografica y Datos Bionomicos de 10s Anofelinos de
Venezuela. Pub. Div. Mal., 10 : 226 pp.
COVA-GARCIA, P. & MARCANO, A. G. - 1941 - Emergencia de Anopheles rangeli
de una pupa en estado de sequedad. Pub. Div. Mal., 7 : 57-58.
CRUZ, 0. - 1901 - Contribuioao para o estudo Culicideos no Rio de Janeiro.
Brazil-Med.,
15 (43) : 423-426.
__
1906 Urn novo gknero da sub-familia Anophelinae. Braz. Med., 20 :
199-200.
--1907 - Urn novo genero brazileiro da sub-familia Anophelinae. Trabalho
do Instituto de Manguinhos, 10 pp.
CURRY, D. P. - 1925 - Some observations on mosquito control in the Canal
Zone with special reference to the genus Anopheles. Am. J. Trop. Med., 5
(1) : 1-16.
__1928 - A new Anopheline mosquito, Anopheles (Chugasia) bathanus Dyar,
discovered in the Canal Zone. Am. J. Trop. Med., 8 (3) : 243-248.
-1930 a - Anopheles (Anopheles) neomzculipalpus a new species of the Arribalzagia group of Angpheles from Panam&. Am. J. Hyg., 13 (2) : 643-647,
1 fig.
--1930 b Recognition of AnQpheZes argyritarsis by the characteristics of
the male genitalia. Am. J. Hyg., 13 (2) : 648.
-1932 a The anopheline mosquitos of the Isthmus. Rept. Health Div.
Panam& Canal, 52-56.
--1932 b Some observations on the Nyssorhynchus group of Anopheles
of Panam4. Am. J. Hyg., 15 (2) : 566-592.
--1936 - Canal Zone Sanitatixr.
Rept. Health Dep. Panama Canal, 13.
-1937 - Canal Zone Sanitation.
Rept. Health Dep. Panama Canal, 20.
DAI\IPF, A. - 1939 - Los hipopigios masculines de Anopheles hectoris y Anopheles
parapunctipennis. An. Est. Nat. Ci. Biol., 1 (2) : 279-286, 3 pl.
D.\RLING, S. T. 1910 - Studies in relation to malaria, Isthmian Canal Corn.
Lab., Bgard Health. Dept. San., I. C. C. (Canal Zone).
DATIS, N. C. - 1926 - Notes on the female hypopigia of Anopheline mosquitoes
with special reference to some Brazilian species. Am. J. Hyg., Supl., 1 :
l-22, 38 fgs.
--1927 - Anopheles pseudopunctipennis as a malaria transmissor in the Argentine Republic. Am. J. Trop. Med., 7 : 167-176.
-1928 a Notes on the development of the ovarian follicles in Argentina
Anophelines. Am. J. Hyg., 8 (3) : 467-475.
--1928 b Variability
in the Nyssorhynchus group of Anopheles. Am. J.
Hyg., 8 (4) : 539-563.
--1931 a - A note on the malaria carrying anophelines in Belem, Para and
in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Riv. Mal. 10 (1) : l-11.
--1931 b A new Anopheline mosquito from Par&, Brasil. Am. J. Hyg.,
13 (1) : 345-348, 2 pl.
--1933 - Notes on some South American Mosquitoes. An. Ent. Sot. Am.,
26 (2) : 277-295, 6 pl.
DAVIS, N. C. & KUM;M, H. W. 1932 Further incrimination of Anopheles
darlingi as a transmitter of malaria. Am, J. Trop. Med., 12 (1) : 93-95.

DAVIS, N. C. & RICKARD, E. R. - 1928 - Plan de lucha contra la malaria urbana

en el norte argentino. 4. Reun. Sot. Arg. Pat. Reg. N. (in) Bol. Ins. Clin.
Quirur., 4 : 119-130.
DAVIS, N. C. & SHANNON, R. C. 1928 - The habits of Anopheles rondoni in
the Argentine Republic. Am. J. Hyg., 8 : 448.
DEANE, L. M. - 1947 - Observa@es sobre a malaria na Amazonia brasileira. Rev.
Serv. Esp. Sau. Pub., 1 (1) : 3-37, 7 pls.
DEANE, M. P. & CAUSEY, 0. R. - 1943 - Viability of Anopheles gambiae eggs and
morphology of unusual types found in Brazil. Am. J. Trop. Med., 23 (1) :
95-103, 1 pl.
DEANE, L. M. & DAMASCENO, R. G. 1948 - Altura de pouso das femeas de
Anopheles darlingi e de Anopheles aquasalis nas paredes internas das casas.
Rev. Serv. Esp. Sau. Pub., 2 (2) : 501-508.
DEANE, L. M., DEANE, M. P. & CAU~EY, 0. R. - 1943 - Descri@o do ovo, larva
e pupa de Anopheles (Arthuromyia) gilesi. Pap. Av. Dep. Zool. S. Paulo, 3 :
167-192, 29 figs.
1947 a Chave ilustrada para a identifica@o de trinta e cinco especies
de anofelinos das regioes Nordestina e Amazonica do Brasil pelos caracteres
da femea, corn notas sdbre OS transmissores da malaria. Rev. Serv. Esp.
Sau. Pub., 1 (2) : 309-336, 63 fgs.
-1947 b Chave ilustrada para a identifica@o de trinta e duas csphcies
de anofelinos das regioes Nordestina e Amazonica do Brasil pelos caracteres
da larva, corn a descrirdo de duas larvas. Rev. Serv. Esp. Sau. Pub., 1 (2) :
355-384, 92 fgs.
-1948 - Notas s6bre a distribui@o e a biolcgia dos Anofelinos das regides
Nordestina e Amazonica do Brasil.
Rev. Serv. Esp. Sau. Pub., 1 (4) :
827-965, 6 cr. and 39 maps.
DEANE, L. M., DEAXE, M. P. & DAMASCEKO, R. G. - 1949 - Encontro e descri&o
do macho do Anopheles (Lophopodomyia) squamifemur. Rev. Bras. Biol., 9
(4) : 497-504.
DEANE, L. M., VERNIN, C. S. & DAXIASCENO, R. G. - 1949 - Avaliaeao das prefer&cias alimentares das fdmeas de Anopheles darlingi e Anopheles aquasalis em Bel@m, Par&, por meio de provas de precipitina.
Rev. Serv. Esp.
Sau. Pub., 10 : 793-808.
DOWNS, W. G. 1950 Morphological notes on Anopheles aquasalis and Anopheles oswaldoi. Mosquito News, 10 (1) : 2 pp.
DOWNS, W. G. & GILLETTE, H. B. S. & SHANNON, R C. 1943 - A malaria
survey of Trinidad & Tobago (B. W. I.). Supl. to the J. of the Nat. Mal.
sot., 2 (1) : l-44.
Downs, W. G. & PITTENDRIGH, C. S. 1946 - Bromeliad malaria in Trinidad
(B. W. I.). Am. J. Trop. Med., 26 (1) : 47-66, 7 fgs.
DUXN, L. H. - 1917 - A simple method of identifying Anopheles mosquitoes of
the Canal Zone, Ent. News., 28 (1) : 14-19.
DYAR, H. G. - 1918 f - Notes on American Anopheles. Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 (719) ;
141-151.
1924 a - American references in the catalogue of Indian Culicidae. Ins.
Ins. Mens., 12 : 57-60.
--1924 k - The male of Anopheles vestitipennis. Ins. Ins. Mens., 12 : 171.
--1925 - Note on bromelicolous Anopheles. Ins. Ins. Mens., 13 : 25-27.
DYAR, H. G. & KNAB, F. 1917 - Bromelicolous Anopheles. Ins. Ins. Mens.,
5 : 38-40.
1918 - Bromelicolous Anopheles. A correction. Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 (719) : 140.
EARLE, W. C. 1930 Malaria in Porto Rico. Am. J. Trop. Med., 10 (3) :
207-230.
___
1932 Notes on the life history of Anopheles albimanus and grabhami.
Porto Rico J. Pub. Hlth.
& Trop. Med., 7 (3) : 381-384.

294
___~_

_ _ __

K.
C. 1934 Summary of malaria activities in Grenada B. W. I.,
1929-1932 inclusive. Rep. Med. San. Dep. Grenada 1932 : 44-52.
-__
1936 a - Anopheles grabhami a possible vector of malaria. Bol. As. Med.
Puerto Rico., 28 (10) : 228-232.
- - ~~- 1936 b The determination
of Anophelinc mosquito prevalence.
Rol.
As. Med. Puerto Rico, 28 (10) : 233-240.
- -1936 d - The relative importance of A. tarsimaculatus, A. arggritarsis and
,4. pseudopunctipennis czsvectors of malaria in the windward group of the
West Indies. Am. J. Trop. Med., 16 (4) : 359-469.
- ~-1937 - The relation bt-\tcvccn breeding awa, Anopheltv ulhinmnzrs dcnsit,y,
and malaria in Salinas, Puwto Rico. South. Med. J.. 30 (9) : 946-949.
EVANS, A. M. - 1922 -- Sotcs 011 Cdicidite
in Venezuela, with descriptions of newspecies. Xn. Trap. >frrl. & Par., 16 (2) : 213-222, 1 pl.
FERREIRA,
hl. 0.
1948 -- Con1b:tte ao vetor de malaria em zona de transmissao
por anofelinoa do sub-gencw LLIkteszia.
>Iul. & DocnGas Trop., 1 (1) :
17-25.
FLOCH, II. & ABONNSC,
YE. -- 1945 - Lcs 111oustiqucs de la Guadeloupe.
Le
genre Anopheles. An. Ins. Pasteur de la Guyanc et du Ter. Inini, 108 : 16 pp.
-~~--- 1945 --- Description dune 11ouvelle espece danophele : A. (Stethomyia)
116 : 3 pp.
canorii. Tns. Pasteur dc la Guvanc ct du Ter. de LInini,
--1946 -- Sur la validitt: dcs es&es A. ilrilzii et A. sancti-elii. Ins. Pasteur
de la Guvanc et Tcr dc LInini,
124 : 4 pp.
-~
1946 - Presencc~ dc -4nopheks (Lophopodomyia) squamijemur en Gup.11~
Franc;aise. Ins. Pastrwr Guyanc
ct Tcr. Inini,
139 : 4 pp.
----1947 -- Distribution
des .2nophilcs 1x11Guyanc francake.
Ins. Pasteur
Guyane et Tcr. Inini, Ii4 : !I pp.
FOXSECA, F. & CORR~A, It. It. -- 1941 -- Jufc&
experimental de Anophcles
(Kerfes,-ia) cruzi polo Plasmodillm virus. Mtlm. Ins. Butantan, 1S : l-9, 1 pl.
FOSSECA,
F. & RAA~OH,A. S. --- 1939 -- Novas subgkwos
c novas csp@cicsdc dnophelinos neotrcipicos. Alem. Ins. Butantan, 13 : 383-387, 2 pl.
FOSSECA, J. A. R. $ F~NSECA, F. -- 1942 - Transmissao da malaria humann por
anofclineos da s&k tarsimcwulafus. Mem. 111s. l?ut)antan, 16 : 03-123, 12
pl. & graphs.
FONSIXA, J. _A. 13. & USTI, 0. ~~ 1943 -- Inft~C~o c~sperirnental tl~ .~nofclino~ tic
regiocs indenes ri hlalaria.
Fol. Clin. h Biol., 15 (1) : 43-52.
G_4BAT,I)ON,
A. 1938 - Primer informc anual (1937) de la division tl(> llalariologia. Pub. Div. Mal., 1 : 197 pp., 31 fgs. 9 graphs.
--1939 - 011 Anopheles maffogrossensis from Venezuela, with description of
the male. 14m. J. Trop. Med., 19 (5) : 457-460, 1 fg.
-~~-I!)30 -- Dwcripcion de ,4. (Y.) nu%ez-tollari 11.sp. J- considcraciones sobrc una
division de1 grupo ~Y~/ssorhynchus. Pub. Div. AIal., 5 : 3-7, 2 fgs.
G.~~Au,oK , A. & AGI;II,ERA, C. 1940 --- Variaciones de1 color tic ias wpccies
venozolanas de la sub-scric oswaldoi. Pub. Div. hlal., S : 63-82, 10 p., 5 fgs.
C:.~RALI~X,
A., L\ (:I-ILERA, c'. & L~~~~'~4~,~, L%. 1941 -- Espinas basales >- accesorias anormales en 10s hipopigios dc n n3phrlcs goeldii y Anopheles nufiiczfouari. Pub. Div. Alal., i : 59-61.

EARLE,

~k4R_4I,DOS,

.\.

(h-A-C;ARCI.4,

I-'.

&

I~RI?~'AT,O,

_A. -

I!)!0

--

ihOph&S

(s.,

?"an.fJdi

la sub-&ric oswnldoi dc amplia distribucicin c11 Vc~lezuc~la.

Pub.
Div.
YUal., 5 : 9-23.
--1940 -- Ohwrvacioncs sobrt: nfimwo de huevos, salinidad de criadtros >
ticmpo dc dcsarrollo dr trcs espkiw dcx la sub-s&k
oswal,loi. Iul~. Div.
Jfal.,
S : 25-32, I pl.
(;ABAI,I)OK,
_k, Co\-.\-(:.~RcI.A,
1'. & hh~m,
J. _\. -- 1041 --- AILO~~P~PS
(_i-.) h,xarroc-hi, u11a IIWV~
<speck dc la subseric triannu1ntcL.s. Pub. Div. hIal., 7 : 3-24.
--1941 - Anopheles (.lrthuromyia) vargasi, n. sp. y rcdcscripcion de1 subgenero
Arfhuromyia.
Pub. Div. Alal., 7 : 25-56.
G.\n.I\r,noN, A., Ocrro,~-Par,~cros, 11. Rr PEREP-VI~~_~S,
M.
X. 1940 -- Observallllzl

Il.

Sj'.

de

_I

PH

ELISI

295

ciones sobrc lecturas de trampas-establo

com who animal.
Pub. Div.
Mal., 5 : 41-56.
GABALDON,
A. et al., - 1940 - Chayasia bnthanus ; su hallaego en Venezuela y
nota sobre variaciones morfologicas de las pupas. Pub. Div. Mal., 5 : 57-62,
3 fgs.
C&HAN,
J. B., DOWXS, W. G. $ ALIS, S. H. - 1949 - Control of Anopheles pseudopuncfipenn.is in Mexico with D. D. T. residual sprays applied in building<.
Am. J. Hyg., 49 : (3) : 285-289.
G.QLINDO,
P. - 19-- - Anopheles xelujuensis, a new addition to the known Anopheline fauna of Panama. Pan-Pacific Ent., 33 (1) : 44.
GALVXO, A. L. -4. - 1938 a - Observa@es sobre algumas cspecies do sub-g&w
IVyssorhynchz~s corn especial refcrencia h morfologia dos ovos. Rev. Biol.
Hyg., 9 (1) : 51-60, 6 pl.
___ _ 1938 b - Observa@es sobre o ciclo cvolutivo de d nopheles oswnldoi. Rev.
Biol. Hyg., 9 (2) : 101-103.
--- ~- 1938 c - Sobre a infec@o experimental do Anopheles strodei pelo Pinsn~odiunt vicar. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 9 (2) : 133-134, 2 pl.
~ - - 1940 a - 0 surto de malaria nas prosimidades da repreza do Rio Grande nxs
imedia@es da cidade de S. Paulo. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 10 : 164-169.
-~- 1940 b - Contribuiqdes ao conhecimento dos anofelinos do grupo Nyssorh?ynchusde S. Paul0 e wgi&s visinhas. _4r. Zool. E. S. Paclo, 1 : 399-484,
18 1~1.
1941 a --- Sotas sobre alguns anofclinos do sub-gencro IVyssorhynch7ls tlo
nortc do Brssil. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 11 (1) : 92-96, 2 fgs.
_~_ ~_ 1941 b Contribui@o ao conhecimento das esp6cies de My~orhynchella.
Ar. Zool. S. Paula, 2 (18) : 505-575, 13 pl.
---~
1942 Ii~~latorio das pesquisas entomologicas realizadas na Amazonia,
apresentado ao Ilmo. Sr. Prof. Dr. J. de Barros Barretto, Diretor do Dep.
Sac. de Sauclc. Ar. IIig., 12 : 233-241.
---~1943 Chaves para a determina@o das especies do sub-g$nero _Vyssol.hymhus do Brasil. Ar. Hig. & Sau. Pub., 8 (19) : 13!1-162, 34 fgs.
GALVXO, A. L. A. R: AMARAL,
A. D. F. 1938 - SBbre um novo anofelino de Campas do Jordao, E. de S. Paula, Anopheles (N.) lnnti n. sp. Rev. Viol. Hyg.,
9 (1) : 8-16, 4 pl.
~
1940 -- I:studos sobrc OSanofclinos do grupo Myxorhynchek corn a descri&o
dc uma esp&ic nova, Amopheks (_V.J antunesi 11. SE).Fol. Clin. & Isiol., 12
(5) : 150-160, 6 fgs.
GALVXO,
A. I,. A. $ %REETTO, M. P. 1938 a - Contribui#o
ao conhecimento
dos primciros e&adios dos anofclinos de S. Paulo. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 9 (2) :
110-115, 12 fgs.
~-~-- 1938 b ~- Observa@es sbbrc o Anopheles albitursis e .I. trictnnlllnfus dc S.
Paula. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 9 (2) : 144-157, 2 pl.
-1041- SGbre um novo anofclino de S. Paula, Anopheles (Anopheles) pselcdofibiamaculatus n. sp. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 11 (1) : 65-70, 3 fgs.
G_k~vKo, A. I,. A., CORR?A, It. R. & GRJECO, S. J. -- L944 Alguns dados sobre a
manuteneao dc colonias de _~!/ssorh!~nch~sem laboratorio. Ar. Hig. & San.
Pub., 9 (2) : 83-102, 8 fgs.
C.\~viio, ~1. I,. A. & DAMASCENO, It. G. ~- 1942 - Sobre urn novo Anofelino da
Ilha Marsjo, Anopheles (X.) murnjonra n. sp. Fol. Clin. & Biol., 14 (2) :
60-66, 2 fgs.
~---- 1942 - Anopheles (_VyssorhynchrLs)kondcri nova especie de ,Inopheles clo
Tale do Amazonas e consideraedts sobre as especies do complexo tclrsimtrculatus. Fol. Clin. & Biol., 14 (5/6) : 115-135, 2 pl.
--- 1944 Obscrva@es s8bre anofelinos do complexo alDitaws.
An. Fat.
Med. S. Paulo, 20 : 73-87, 1 pl.
C_zr,vXo. A. I,. :I., D_~~_~sc~so, R. G. $ PORTO MARQCH
-1942 - _Ugumas obscr-

vaqdes sdbre a biologia dos anofelinos de importancia epidemiologica de

Belem, Par&. Ar. Hig., 12 : 51-111, 10 fgs. 5 pls.
GALVXO, A. L. A. & GRIECO, S. J. - 1941 - Infec&o natural do Anopheles (N.)
darlingi pelos parasitas da malaria nos arredores de S. Paulo. Rev. Biol.
Hyg., 11 (1) : 61-64.
GALVXO, A. L. A. & LANE, J. - 1936 - Notas s8bre OS Nyssorhynchus de S. Paulo.
I. Fat. Med. S. Paulo, 12 (2) : 269-288, 33 fgs.
-1936 - Notas s8bre OS Nyssorhynchus de S. Paulo. II. Descri@o de uma
nova especie Anopheles (N.) pessoai. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 7 (2) : 67-79, 7 fgs.
1937 a - Notas s6bre OSNyssorhynchus de S. Paulo. III.
Observa@es s8bre
OSovos. Rev. Mus. Paul., 23 : 25-27, 2 fgs.
--1937 b - Notas sobre OSNyssorhynchus de S. Paulo. IV. - SGbre a infec@o
experimental do Anopheles albitarsis e A. strodei da cidade de S. Paula, pelo
Plasmodium vivaz. Fol. Clin. & Biol., 3 : 65-69.
c__
1937 c - Notas sbbre OS Nyssorhynchus de S. Paulo, VI. Revalidacao de
Anopheles (N.) oswaldoi e discuss&o s6bre o Anopheles (N.) tarsimacuZatus.
Liv. Jub. Prof. Travassos, 169-180, 2 pl.
Estudo s6bre as
1937 - Nota sobre OS Nyssorhynchus de S. Paulo. VII.
variedades ddste grupo corn a descri@o de Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis var. Zimai n. var. A. F. Med. U. S. Paulo, 13 : 211-238, 12 fgs.
-1941 - Observaqdes s8bre alguns Anophelinos de SalBbra, Mato Grosso.
Rev. Biol. Hyg., 11 (1) : 10-18.
GALV~O, A. L. A., LANE, J. & CORR~A, R. R. - 1937 - Notas sobre OS Nyssorhynchus de S. Paulo. V. SGbre OS Nyssorhynchus de Novo Oriente. Rev.
Biol. Hyg., 8 (1) : 37-45, 5 fgs.
GALV_~O,A. L. A., LANE, J. & UNTI, 0. - 1943 - SBbre o Anopheles noroestensis.
Ar. Hyg. & Sau. Pub., 8 (19) : 37-48, 6 fgs.
GALVIS, A. G. - 1943 - Biologia y distribution geografica de 10s Anophelinos en
Colombia. Rev. Fat. Med., Bcgota, 12 (2) : 5-55, ill.
GIGLIOLI, G. - 1947 - Laboratory colony of Anopheles darlingi. J. Nat. Mal. Sot.,
6 (3) : 159-164.
-1948 Malaria, filariasis and yellow fever in British Guiana. Mosquito
Control Services, Med. Dept., Br. Guiana, 226 pp.
1951 - Studies on the Bionomics of Anopheles aquasalis. Indian J. Mal.,
5 (3) : 293-403 and 5 (4) : 465-512.
GODOY, A. & PINTO, C. - 1922 - Estudos sobre malsria. A Fl. Med., 3 (8) : 87.
1923 - Estudos s6bre malaria no municfpio de Campos. Bras. Med., 37 : 29.
GODOY, A., LOBO, A. & CRUZ Fo, 0. - 1930 - Sur les Anopheles qui transmitent
le paludisme ao Bresil. C. R. Sot. Biol. Paris, 105 (34) : 731.
GRIECO, S. J. - 1943 - Estudo clinico, parasitologico e epidemiologico da malaria
no Municfpio de S. Paulo. Ar. Cir. Clin. Exp., 7 (3/4) : 104-299, 41 fgs.
HACKETT, L. W. - 1945 - The malaria of the Andean Region of South America.
Rev. Ins. Sal. y Enf. Trop., 6 (4) : 239-252.
HOFFMAN, C. C. - 1927 a - Zur Kenntnis des Anopheles Mexikos. Abh. Gebiete
Auslandsk., Hamburg Univ., 26 pp.
-1927 b Zur Kenntnis der Anopheles Mexikos.
Festschr.
B. Nocht,
183-196.
1929 - La distribution geografica de 10s mosquitos Anopheles en el Estado
de Veracruz. Dep. Sal. Pub., iMexico, 76 pp., 25 pl., 3 maps.
1932 On Anopheles pseudopunctipennis and its relation to malaria in
Mexico. South. Med. J., 25 (5) : 523-527.
1935 - La formation de razas en 10s Anopheles mexicanos. I. A. maculipennis, A. quadrimaculatus e una raza nueva de1 maculipennis. An. Ins.
Biologia, Mexico, 6 (1) : 3-22.
-1937 Contribution al conocimiento de 10s mosquitos de1 Valle de Mezquital. An. Ins. Biol. Mex., 8 (l/2) : 207-215.

ANOPHELINI

297

HOFFMAN, C. C. 1938 - La formaci6n de razas en 10s Anopheles mexicanos.

II. Anopheles albimanus y sus variedades en la Rep. Mexicana. An. Ins.
Biol. Mex., 9 : 167-180, 7 fgs.
HOFFMAN, C. C. & SAMANO, A. 1938 - Los criaderos invernales de A. pseudopunctipennis en el Estado de Oaxaca. An. Ins. Biol. Mex., 9 : 181-182.
1938 - Nota acerca de 10s criaderos invernales de A. albimanus en 10s pantanos de Veracruz. An. Ins. Biol. Mex., 9 : 193-199.
HOFFMAN, C. C. & NIETO ROARO, D. - 1937 - Segunda contribuci6n al conocimiento de1 paludismo en el Valle de Mezquital.
An. Ins. Biol. Mex., 8 :
293-302.
HOFFMAN, W. A. - 1926 - Resting position of Haitian Anopheles. Am. J. Trop.
Med., 6 (5) : 377-379, 4 fgs.
1927 - Biological notes on Haitian Anopheles. J. Wash. AC. Sci., 17 (7) : 175.
HTLL, R. B. 1930 - Ciassification of certain Anopheles of the Nyssorhynchus
group by immediate examination of the male genitalia. Am. J. Hyg., 11
(3) : 711-713.
1934 - Feeding habits of some Venezuelan Anophelines. Am. J. Trop.
Med., 14 (5) : 425.
IDOYAGA, B. - 1928 - Patologia mkdico militar de1 Chaco Paraguayo. 4.a Reun.
Sot. Arg. Pat. Reg. N., 4 (28/31) : 20-36.
JOHNSON, H. A. 1926 - Occurrence of Anopheles vestitipennis in Porto Rico.
Am. J. Trop. Med., 6 (2) : 153-155.
KNAB, F. 1913 e Names and synonymy in Anopheles. Ins. Ins. Mens., 1
(1) : 15-17.
~
1913 g - The species of Anopheles that transmit human malaria. Am. J.
Trop. Dis. and Prev. Med., 1 (1) : 33-43.
1913 f Contentions regarding forest malaria. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash.,
15 (3) : 108-118.
-__
1913 h - Anopheles and malaria. Am. J. Trop. Dis & Prev. Med., 1 (3) : 217.
1916 - The earliest name of the yellow fever mosquito. Ins. Ins. Mens.,
4 (P/6) : 59-60.
KOMP, W. H. W. - 1936 d - Anopheles (Anopheles) chiriquiensis, a new species of
Anopheles from Panam&. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 38 (7) : 156-160, 1 fig.
1936 e Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) anomalophyllus, a new species of
Anopheles from Panam
and Costa Rica. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 38 (7) :
160-163, 1 fig.
1937 a - Anopheles acanthotorynus, a new species of the subgenus Stethomyia
from Perk An. Ent. Sot. Am., 30 (2) : 358-360, 1 fg.
1937 b Notes on the identificat,ion of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis.
Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 39 (6) : 157-163, 2 pl.
1937 c The species of the subgenus Kertesxia of Anopheles. An. Ent.
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1940 a - The occurrence of Anopheles darlingi in British Honduras
and
Guatemala.
Pub. Hlth. Bul., 55 : 693-694.
1941 c - The species of Nyssorhynchus confused under tarsimaculatus, and
a new name, A. emilianus, for one species found in Par& Brazil. An. Ent.
Sot. Am., 34 : 791-807, 8 fgs.
1941 b - The occurrence of Anopheles darlingi in Central -4merica. Am.
J. Trop. Med., 21 (5) : 659-670, 4 fgs.
1941 a - The classification and identificat,ion of the Anopheles mosquitoes
of Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. Am. As. Adv. Sci., (15) :
88-97.
1942 a - Anopheles clarki, a new species of Nyssorhynchus of wide distribution in South America. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 44 (9) : 196-201, 4 fgs.
1942 b - The Anopheline mosquitoes of the Caribbean region. Fed. Sec.
Agency. U. S. Pub. Hlth. Serv., Nat. Ins. Hlth., Bull79 : 195 pp., 155 fga.

LI, FEEG-SWES 1933 - A list of disease carrying Anophclines in the 17orld.

Yearb. Bur. Ent., Hongchew, 2 : 71-98, 2 maps, 4 pl.
LIFBCHITZ, J., ~JMAXA,A. C. & VERGARA, J. J. 1946 - Hallazgo de Anopheles
(S.) darlingi, con ooquistcs. An. Ins. Med. Reg., 1 (3) : 349-355.
LIMA, A. C. - 1927 - Sur la respiration des larvcs ddnopheles albinlanzts. Compt.
1%. Sot. Biol. Paris, 97 : 1092.
1928 - Nyssorhynchus bachmaui. Compt. It. Sot. Biol. Paris, 99 : 1349-1350.
1928 b Sobrc algumas anophelinas encontradas no Brasil. Sci. Med.,
6 (7/8) : 334-341, 406-411, 10 fgs., 6 pl.
1928 c SGbrc algumas anophelinas cncontradas no 13rasil. Mem. Ins.
0. Cruz, Supl., 3 : 91-113, 25 fgs.
1929 a - SGbrc urn novo Anophelino do Brasil. Bras. Med., 42 (37) : l-100.
1929 b - SBbre alguns anophclineos encontrados no Hrasil. hIem. Ins. 0.
crus. Supl., 12 : 275293, 18 pk.
1937 - Im nova Anophelcs da Baisada I;lumincnsc. Rev. Jktl. Cir. Bras.,
45 (1) : 3-5, 2 fgs.
LUCEN~~, II. T. - 1940 a - 0s AVyssorhynchus de Pernambuco : 1. Identilica~iio
de il llopheles oswalnoi var. metca/ji, em Pontcsinha, Pcrnambuco, Brasil.
Africa Med., (5) : 1-8.
-~-~1940 b OS ~V?yssorhynchusde Pernambuco.
IT. ,4nopheles oau~aldoi var.
metcalji muito provavcl vector da malaria em Pontesinha.
A Fl. Med.,
1-4, 1 fg.
III.
Tdentificacho de ~1nopheIes
-~194 1 -- (1s .\~~sso,-h~/n~~1
US de Iernambuco.
aryyritarsis (1 Anophelrs (*q.) alhitarsis mx Tigipici, arrabalde tit> Rwifc,
Pernambuco, Ekasil. An. Sot. Biol. Pernambuco, 2 (1) : 7-15.
-~--~- 1944 0 _~nopheles (AV.) tarsimaculatus.
Sua morfologia 11,) Sordcstc
Srasilciro. An. Yoc. Biol. Pcrnambuco, 5 (1) : 7-13, 9 fgs.
-~-1949 ITabitos domiciliarw do AnopheIes farsimacuZaf7~s. -111 SW. Biol.
Pernambuco, 9 (1) : 18 pp., 7 graphs.
Lunww, C. 8. -- 1920 - Sew mosquitos from Panama. Psych@, 26 (6) : 166-169.
LUTZ, A. --- 1913 b -- Forest malaria. Proc. Ent. Sot. IVash., 15 (1) : 169-176.
Proc. Ent. Sot. \l\ash., 13
-__~- 1913 a --- The insect host of forest malaria.
(3) : 108.
LUTZ, ~1. & SF;I\~A, -4. - 1911 ~~
Sotas dipterologicas -- ContribuicGo paru o conhc~cimcnto dos dipteros sanguesugas do S. 1::. de S. Paula e do Nstado c!c
Jlinas Gerais. 11cm. ins. 0. Cruz, 3 (2) : 295-300.
MAHTIUI, E. --- 1932 -- tk~yusitr /a~ja,*tloivar. sti{gnzopirrynrIlv. var. lkv. li:llt., 2
(3) : 276-277.
PIo(. +:nt. SW. ~I-asll.,
--1933 -- The hypoplrgia of wrtairl suophclinw.
35: 61.
J\~INK, 0. F. - 1933 - Rfosquito control in Haiti. U. S. Sav. 1led. 13~1., 31 (3) :
323-334.
~~IR.I, G. -- 1031 -- Una nucra cspcc*ic~dtl ,Inopheles (ri Cuatcmala
_lnn@c!cs
hectoris mihi. Bol. Dir. Sal. (+uat<mala, 1 120/2S) : 606-615.
Mom, A. A. - 1937 - Anoft~lcs p paluriismo d(l alturn en la ,kncrica Latina. 1301.
Dir. Gen. Sau. Pub., 406-310.
Lc paludisme & la ;Ilarliniquc.
15~1. Sot. Pat. Esot .,
AI~ST*~~PRUC, 5:. -- 1936 29 (2) : 193-202.
MOORE, H. W. 13. 1908 - Egg laying c::puc~itiw of malaria mosquitoes. ,4gr.
J. Hr. Guiana, 2 (2) : 69-75.
~IUILIS-DLAZ, F:. - 1943 - I,as cspecics dc -4nopheZes tic11I-mgsila>-. Corn. Zool.
Ylus. H. Sat. Montcvidco, 1 (3) : l-8.
SEGHJIE, A. - 1943 - Contribution a la biolcgia de1 d~loplz( 1rs.s
pictipejzrlrs. Rcr.
Chil. Hyg. y Ued. Rev., -5 : 265-276, 2 pl., 1 graph.
SMSFI, W. 11. 1913 - The Tttbanidatl and hnophelirws okJanGca.
Ilcpt. IGt.
Med. Of., Spanish Tmvn, Jamaica.

SNOPHELIhTI

NEIVA, A. - 1906 - Uma nova esp&ie de Anophelina brazileira. Trabalho Inst.

Manguinhos, 8 pp., 2 fgs.
1908 - Das Anophelinas Brasileiras. Memoria apresentada ao 6 Congress0
Brasileiro de Medicina e Cirurgica. Rev. Med. S. Paulo, 11 (22) : 455-459.
1909 Contribui&o
para o estudo dos dipteros. Observa@es s6bre a
biologia e sistem&tica das anofelinas brazileiras e suas rela@es corn o impaludismo. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 1 (1) : 69-77.
1915 Contribucibn al estudio de 10s Anophelinos argentinos. La Sem
Med., 48 : l-11 (reimpr. in R. Kraus, Ins. Bact. B. A. Mem. Inf. de1 Ins.
Bact. Dep. Nat. Hyg., 1916 pgs. 316-366).
NEIVA, A. & BARBARA, B. - 1915 - Estudio de algunas anophelinas argentinas y
su relation con la malaria. Prensa Med. Arg. B. A., 2 (19) : 257-259, 8 fgs.
(reimpr. in 1916 R. Kraus, Ins. Bact. Mem. Inf. de1 Ins. Bact. Dep. Nat.
Hyg., B. A., 367-374).
__1916 a - Primera Conferencia de la Sot. Sud Americana de Hygiene Microbiologia y Patologia. B. Aires, 395.
NEIVA, A. & PINTO, C. - 1922 - Contribui@o para o conhecimento dos Anophelineos do E. de Mato Gross0 corn a descri&o de uma espkcie CeZZk rondoni.
Bras. Med., 36 (2) : 321.
__1923 - Considera@es sbbre o g&nero Cetlia, corn a desk&o
de uma nova
espkcie. Bras. Med.,
36 (48) : 355-357, 4 figs.
-1923 SBbre uma nova anophelina brasileira CeZZia cuyabensis nv. sp.
Bras. Med., 37 (17) : 5-7, 2 fgs.
NICHOLLS, L. - 1912 - Some observations on the bionomics and breeding places
of Anopheles in Santa Lucia, B. W. I. Bul. Ent. Res., 3 : 251-267.
OLIVEIRA, S. J. & VERANO, 0. T. 1942 - Estudo sbbre as cerdas clipeais das
larvas de Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi e Anopheles (iVys.sorhynchus)
argyritcmis da Baixada Fluminense. Rev. Bras. Biol., 2 : 353-360.
OSORNO-MESA, E. - 1947 - Una nueva especie de Anopheles de BogotB, Colombia.
Caldasia, 4 (20) : 431-446.
-1948 Una nueva variedade de Anopheles pseudopunctipennis. Caldasia,
5 (21) : 105-l 13.
PAUL, J. H. & BELLERIVE, A. - 1947 - A malaria reconnaissance of the Republic
of Haiti.
J. Nat. Mal. Sot., 6 (1) : 41-67.
PELAEZ, D. - 1950 - Anofelinos de Mexico. Ciencia, 6 (2) : 69-77.
PERYASSU, A. G. - 1921 - OS Anophelineos do Brasil. Ar. h/lus. Nat., 23 : l-99.
1922 c - Duas novas espkies de mosquitos do Brasil. A Fl. Med., 3 (23) : 179.
-1923 - Uma nova espkie de Anophelineo do genero Cyclolepteron. A Fl.
Med., 4 (9) : 68-69, 1 fg.
1925 - Anopheles alagoani n. sp. A Fl. &led., 258-259.
PESSQA,S. B. & PRADO, A. - 1925 - Ligeiras notas s6bre a malaria em S. Vicente.
An. Paul. Med. & Cir., 13 (2) : 142.
PETROCCHI, J. - 1919 - Anofelino trasmissor de malaria encontrado en la Capital
Federal. Rev. Ins. Bact. B. A., 2 (3) : 295-302, 2 fgs.
-1923 - Las especies argentinas de1 g&nero Anopheles. Physis, 7 (24) : 139.
__1924 - Descripcibn de un nuevo Anopheles. An. Dep. Nat. Hyg., 30 (2) :
147-152, 5 fgs.
1925 c - (in Muhlens, Dios, Petrocchi y Zucharini) - Estudios sobre paludismo y hematologia en el N. Argentino.
Rev. Ins. Bact. B. A., 4 (3) :
244-270.
__
1927 a Descripci6n de un nuevo Anopheles. Rev. Ins. Back B. A4., 4 :
69-75.
PINTO, C. - 1923 a - Anophelinas de Angra dos Reis. Bras. Med., 37 (5) : 77.
-1923 b - Anatomia, biologia e distribuiqgo geogrftfica de CeZZia brasiliensis.
Sci. Med., 1 (3) : 143-147.
--1939 Chave para identifica&o
das larvas de Anophelinos de interesse
medico no Brasil. Trab. da Corn. de Obras contra a Malaria, 2 pp.

ANOPHELINI

301

PINTO, C. 1939 Disseminaoao da malaria pela avia&o :Biologia do Anopheles gum&e e outros anofelineos do Brasil. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 34 (3) :
293-430, 61 pl.
PINTO, G. S. - 1925 - Sobre urn novo metodo de identificaqao dos Anophelineos.
D. N. S. P., 2: 19.
1931 - SBbre a presenqa de Anopheles costalis no Brasil. A Fl. Med., 12
(28) : 330-332.
1934 - OS Anophelineos do Brasil. A Fl. Med.,
PIRES, R. E. 19- Contribui&o
para o estudo dos Anophehneos do grupo
Nyssorhynchus. Fat. Med. S. Paulo (Thesis), l-89, 25 fgs.
PITTENDRIGH, C. S. - 1950 - The quantitative evaluation of Kerteszia breeding
grounds. Am. J. Trop. Med., 30 (3) : 457-468.
__1950 - The ecoclimatic divergence of Anopheles bellutor and A. homunculus.
Evolution, 4 (1) : 43-63.
1950 - The ecotopic specialization of Anopheles homunculus ; and its relations to competitions with A. bellutor. Evolution, 4 (1) : 64-78.
PONTE, E. DEL - 1928 - Nota previa sobre la bibliografia argentina y estranjera
sobre 10s mosquitos argentinos y su relaci6n con el paludismo. Rev. Sot.
Ent. Arg., 7 : 81-94.
1931Anopheles du haut Parana. C. R. Sot. Biol. Paris, 105 (5) : 393.
-__
1939 - Observaciones sobre A. pseudopunctipennis en Mendiets, Prov. de
Jujuy.
Rev. Ins. Bact. B. A., 9 : 149-155.
1943 - Estudios sobre el paludismo de1 litoral argentino. Rev. Ins. Bact.
B. A., 11 (4) : 469-509.
PONTE, E. DEL & HEREDIA, R. L. - 1945 - Anopheles (Anopheles) holmbergi n.
sp. de Misiones (Argentina).
Rev. Sot. Ent. Arg., 12 (5) : 382-386.
PRADO, A. - 1926 - Especie de Anofelino raramente encontrado no E. de S. Paulo.
An. Paul. Med. Cir., 17 (8) : l-5.
1927 - Not)as sobre OS anophelineos do E. de S. Paulo. Rev. Biol. Hyg.,
1 (2) : 87.
PRIMIO, R. DI - 1932 - SBbre a presenoa de A. tursimaculutus em Porto Alegre.
Ar. R. Grandenses de Med., 11 (6) :
RACHOU, R. G. 1948 - Encontro da Chugasia roxeboomi no Estado de S.
Paulo. Mal. & Doenoas Trop., 1 (1) : 13-16.
--1949 - Mais uma especie de anofelino identificada em Santa Catarina. RRv.
Bras. Med., 1 (1) : 39-45, 3 fgs.
RACHOCJ,R. G. & FERREIRA, M. 0. - 1947 - As Kerteszias coma OSgrandes responsaveis pela malaria no litoral do Estado de S. Catarina.
A Fl. Med.,
28 (1) : 8 pp.
RA>~os, A. S. 1937 - Descri&o do macho de Nyssorhynchus (Myzorhynchella)
Zutzi. Rev. As. Paul. Med., 11 (2) : 78-84, 3 fgs.
1944 Observaooes sBbre OS Anofelinos do litoral Paulist,a. Ar. Hig. &
Sau. Pub., 8 (19) : 49-62.
-__
1945 - Observa@es sobre o Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) rondoni e mais urn
anofelino do Brasil. Ar. Hig. & Sau. Pub., 10 (23) : 9-14, 4 pl.
RATIOS, A. S. & UNTI, 0. - 1940 - Notas s6bre OS Anofelinos de S&o Vicente e
suas imediaodes. Pub. Serv. Prof. Mal., 14 : 3-9, 1 map.
RAYNAL, J. - 1932 - Notes sur le paludisme daltitude.
Marseille Med., 49 (6) :
RICCIARDI, I. 1948 - Sobre a marcaoao negra basal do 2 tarso posterior de
,
Anopheles (N.) darlingi e A. (N.) argyritarsis. Rev. Bras. Biol., 8 (4) : 535-539.
RICCIARDI, I. & LIMA, M. M. - 1949 - Varia&o morfolcigica do A. (N.) albitursis
de Juaaeiro, Bahia. Rev. Bras. Mal., 1 (1) : 25-33.
RINCONES, R. G. - 1916 - Presentation de dos Anofelinos capturados en Aragua
por el Dr. Nuiiez Tovar. Gac. Med. Caracas, 23 (22) : 171-172.
ROOT, F. M. 1922 b - The classification of American Anopheles mosquitoes.
Am. J. Hyg., 2 (3) : 321-322.

302

.t

E 1. I S

ROOT, F. Al. - 1922 a --- The larvae of American Anophcles mosquitoes, in relation
to classification and identification.
Am. J. Hyg., 2 (4) : 379-393, 2 pl.
____
1924 - Further notes on the male genitalia of American Anophcles. Am. J.
Hyg., 4 (5) : 456-465, 3 pl.
-__
1925 -- American Anophcline mosquitoes, their classification and relation
to the transmission of malaria. Proc. Inst. Conf. Hlth. Probl. Trop. Am.
Kingston, Jamaica, 1922 : 149-156.
1926 - Studies on Brazilian mosquitoes. Anophelines of the JVUssorhynchus
group. Am. J. Hyg., 6 (5) : 684-717, 9 pl.
1927 d Studies on Brazilian mosquitoes. II Chagasia jqjurdoi. Am. J.
Hyg., 7 (4) : 470-480, 4 pl.
1927 c Studies on Brazilian mosquitoes IIT. Xotcs on some Brazilian
species of Anopheles. A%nl.J. Hyg., 7 (5) : 599-605, 2 pls.
_._
1929 - The present status of our knowledge of the Nyssorhynchus group of
Anopheline mosquit ow. Trans. 4th. Int. Cong. Ent., 2 : 316-321.
1931 - The pleural hairs of .4mcrican Anopheline larvae. Am. J. Hyg.,
15 (3) : 777-784.
1934 - Abnormal parabnsal spines in the male hypop>Tgium of Anopheles
pseudopunctipennis. J. Par., 20 (5) : 315.
ROOT, F. hl. & Andrews, J. - 1938 - Malaria and ,4nophelinc survcv of Grenada,
B. W. I. Am. J. Hyg., 27 (3) : 549-579, 1 fg. 5 maps.
Ross, E. S. oi: ROBERTS, H. R. - 1943 -- Mosquito atlas. Pt. I - The ncarctic
Anopheks, important malaria vectors of the Americas and Aedes negypti,
Culex qlcirlqlLejasciatus. ,4m. Ent. Sot. & Ac. Sci. Philadelphia, IV : 44
pp. of il.
ROZEROO&~,I,. E. - 1935 - Infection of Anophtles bachmani with 1. zGr_x and
observations on the bionomics of the mosquito. Am. J. Trop. hIed., 15
(5) : ,521-528.
~~ 1936 The life cycle of laboratory-bred Anopheles aEDimanus. An. Ent.
Sec. Am., 29 (3) : 480-489.
-- -1937 - On Anopheles albitarsis in Panama. South. Med. J., 30 (9) : 950-951,
3 fgs.
--- ~~ 1937 - The egg of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in Panama. J. Par., 23
(5) : 538-539, 1 fg.
-~--1938 - The role of some common anopheline mosquitoes of Panama in the
transmission of malaria. Am. J. Trop. Med., 18 (3) : 289-302.
1938 - The eggs of the iVyssorhyzchus group of A nopheles in Panamb. Am.
J. Hyg., 27 (1) : 95-107.
1941 Distribution and ecology of the A~zophrles mosquitoes of the Caribbean region. _4m. As. Adv. Sci., 98-107.
-~~~- 1942 Subspecific variations among neotropical Anopheles mosquitoes
and their importance in the transmission of malaria. Am. J. Trop. hIed.,
22 (3) : 235-255, 5 pl.
ROZEBOO;~I,I~. E. & CABALDOK, A. - 1941 - A summarv of the t~TsinlaCz~lutU3
complex of Anopheles. Am. J. Hyg., 33 (3) : 88-100, 4 pl.
ROZEBOON, I,. E. & LNRD, R. I,. 1942 - Anopheles (herfeszia) bektor as a
vector of malaria in Trinidad (B. W. I.). Am. J. Trop. IIcd., 22 (1) : 83-91,
2 graphs.
RUSSELL, P. F., ROZEBOORI,L. E. & STONE, A. - 1943 - Keys to the Anopheline
mosquitoes of the World. With notes on their identification, distribution,
biolcgp and relation to malaria. An. Ent. Sot. & AC. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
152 pp., 10 fgs.
S~SSE, B. E. & HSCKETT, L. W. - 1950 - Sates on the host preferences of Anopheles pscudo;l;Ilnctipennis. J. Nat. Mal. Sot., 9 (2) : 181-182.
SWSI, M. M. 1931 - Contribuci6n al estudio de1 anofelismo en Chile. Rev.
Ins. Bact. Chile, 2 (1) : 27-38.
SUGER, I?. A. - 1928 - Malaria in Barbados. Trop. Agr., Trinidad, 5 (3) : 4&50.

303

G. - 1930 - Contribution ?iletude des nymphes de Culicidcs (le. Mcm.).

Ar. Ins. Pasteur Algkrie, 8 (3/i) : 297-382, 48 fgs.
1930 (2~. Mem.), id., S : 17-122, 57 fgs.
----1932 (3e. Mem.), id., 10 (2) : 204-254, 21 fgs.
- __ 1934 (4~. Mcm.), id., 12 (1) : 29-76.
--__
1937 I,es moustiques de la Guyanc fran$aise (mision 1934). _4r. Ins.
Pasteur, Alg&e, 15 (3) : 352-382, 12 fgs.
SESET-ET, G. R- ABOSNESC, E. 1938 Quelques Anophclincs de la (:uyane
Franc&e.
Ar. Ins. Pasteur Algeric, 16 (4) : 486-512.
1940 - Les moustiques de la Guyane Francaise. VI. Les Anophelincs. Lc
sous genre Sfethonzyia. 9r. Ins. Pasteur Alghrie, 18 (4) : 441-442.
SI-IA?~NOR,R. C. - 1926 - Observaciones sobre 10s mosquitos Anophclcs de1 Korte
Argentino. ,4ct. 3er. Cong. Nat. Med., 1 : 679-706.
1927 - Contribucibn a 10s estudios de las zonas biologicas de la Rep. Argentina. Rev. Sot. Ent. Arg., 2 (43) : l-44, 1 map.
-1930 c Observations of Anopheles pseudoptcnctipennis in Perd. Am. J.
Hyg., 12 (1) : 442-448.
-_1930 d - 0 aparecimcnto de uma cspecic africana de anopheles no Brazil.
Bras. Med., 44 (19) : 515-516.
1930 e - Urn cmigrado africano para o Brasii. 0 Sancamcnto, 8 (12) :
-- 1931 d - Itnophe7es gambiae in Brazii. Am. J. Hyg., 15 (3) : 633-663, 2 fgs.,
4 maps.
-~
1933 - Anophelincs of the Amazon valley. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 35 (7) :
117-143, 10 fgs.
SHANKON,
R. C. 1942 -- Brief history of ;InopheZcs yuml,icxc in Brazil,
Caribbean Med. J., 4 (4) : 7 pp., 1 map.
SHA WON, R. C, & ,~Z;DR~ZDF:,
G. - 1%0 - Dry season observations on the African
mosquito An,opheZes gcmbiae in Brasil, 1938. Am. J. Trop. ;\Tcd., 20 (5) :
641-669, 9 pls., 1 map.
SHAKXON, R. C. & Dnvrs, T\T.C. - 1927 - Condiciones de reproduction de Anopheles p.sezldop?lnctipennis tm la provincia de Tucuman.
Rev. Ins. Bact.
13. A., 4 : 662-678.
1930 Observations on the LlnophPlmi of Bahia, Brazil. An. Ent. Sot.
Am., 23 (3) : 467-505, 7 pl.
SHANSOY, 12. C., DAVIS, N. C. & DET, PONTE, E. - 1027 - La distribution de1
iinophelrs pseudopmctipennis y su r&&on con el paludismo cn la Argentina.
Rev. Ins. Bact. B. Aires, 4 (7) : 679-705, 2 maps.
1927 c -- Informe de una investigation
S~asxor;,
It. C. & DEL PONTE, E:. p:elimina.r sobre 10s anophelinos dcl rio Alto Paran&, en la Argentina. Rev.
Ins. Bact. B. A., 4 (7) : 706-723, 5 fgs.
SHAXXO~T, It. C., DEI, PONTI:, E. & (~P~RZABM,, J. - 1927 - Informe prehminar
sobre 10s ATLophelestransmisores de1 paludismo en la gobernar%n de Misiones.
Constatacibn protozoologica de1 paludismo en la gobernacicin de Misiones.
Sem. Sled., 695-699.
SH.4NxoNT, R. C. & SERAFIM JR., J. -- 1930 - Revisdo do cat6logo da fauna de
anophelinos no Bra&l corn observa@cs s8bre algumas esphcics do grupo
zV!yssorhynch7tscncontradas na Bahia e Recife e consideradas de importBncia
como OS mais provdveis vehiculadorrs de malaria nessa regiso. Ar. Hig.,
4 (2) : 79-96.
SHROISHIRE, J. B. $ X!ETEK, J. -- 1927 - Unusual Anopheles habitats in the Canal
Zone. Am. J. Trop. Med., 7 (5) : 331-338, 4 fgs.
SILER, J. F. - 1934 - Report, of the Health Department of Panama Canal for t,he
Calendar year 1933. 1Icd. 8~0. : 84 pp.
SIMMONS, J. S. - 1936 - The infection of dnopheles punctipennis with malaria.
Rev. Par. Clin. y Lab., 2 (3) : 455-460.
--1936 - Anopheles (Anopheles) pun~timacula naturally infected with malariaAm. J. Trop. Med., 16 (2) : 105-105.
SESEVET,

304

A N

P H E L I N I

STAGE, H. H. & GIGLIOLI, G. - 1947 - Observations on mosquito and malaria

control in the Caribbean area. Part. II.
British Guiana. Mos. News, 7
(2) : 73-76.
STEP~IENS, J. W. W. - 1921 - Malaria on a Venezuelan Oilfield. Am. Trop. Med.
& Par., 15 (4) : 435-444, 2 pl.
Studies of the malaria problem in Port,0 Rico - 1927 - Porto Rico Health. Rev., 2
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THEOBALD,

F. W. - 1902 - The classification of the Anophelinae. J. Trop. Med.,

5 : 182.
TOURNIER,
1937 - Les moustiques ci la Guayane. An. Med. Pharm.
Colon, 35 (1) : 227-228.
TOVAR, M. NUREZ - 1919 - Fauna Anofelina de Venezuela. An. Dir. San. Nat.
Caracas, 1 (3) : 255-256.
TOWNSEND, C. H. T. - 1933 - On Nyssorhynchus turs~macuZutus and the races of
N yssorhynchus. Rev. Ent., 3 (1) : 7-12.
1933 Notes on Anopheles of the Nyssorhynchus group. Ent. News, 44
(4) : 101-102.
1934 - On the Nyssorhynchus complex. An. Ent. Sot. Am., 36 (2) : 192-194.
UNTI, 0. - 1940 a - Anofelinos do vale do Paraiba. Nova variedado e ciclo evolutivo do Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi. An. Paul. Med. Cir., 40

(11) : 377-392.
-__

1940 b - Anofelinos do vale do Paraiba.

An. Paul. Med. Cir., 40 (12) :
489-505.
___1941 a - Anofelinos do Vale do Paraiba. Xota 1 - SBbre a morfologia de
alguns ovos. An. Paul. Med. Cir., 41 (6) : 505-510, 6 fgs.
Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus)
--1941 b - Anofelinos do Vale do Rio Paraiba.
strodei corn a descri@o de t&s variedades novas. Pub. Serv. Prof. Mal.,
33 : 18 pp., 8 fgs.
UNTI, 0. & RAR~OS,A. S. - 1944 - SBbre a fauna Anofklica do Vale do Paraiba.
Ar. Hig. & Sau. Pub., 8 (19) : 21-34.
URICH, F. W. 1913 - Proceedings of the -4gricultural Sot. of Trinidad & Tobago. 35 : (574).
VARGAS, L. - 1941 - Detalles morfol6gicos de 10s Anopheles americanos de1 grupo
macuzipennis y especies pr6ximas. Science, 23-25, 4 fgs.
-1939 - Notas sobre la quetotaxia de la larva de1 Anopheles pseudopunctipennis de Temxico, Morelos. Rev. Ins. Sal. y Enf. Trop., 1 (lj : 78-99, 8 fgs.
-1939 b - Datos acerca de1 A. pseudopunctipennis y de un Anopheles nuevo
de California.
Rev. Med. Mex., 19 : 356.
1940 - Clave para ident,ificar las larvas de Anopheles Mexicanos Ciencia,
1 : 66-68.
--1940 - Clave para identificar las hembras de Anopheles Mexicanos. Rev.
Ins. y Enf. Trop., 1 (2) : 199-203.
~
1940 - El indice maxilar en algunos Anopheles americanos. Rev. Ins. Sal.
y Enf. Trop., 1 (3) : 275-289.
Anopheles (Anopheles) barberi en Mexico. Rev. Ins. Sal. y Enf.
---1940 Trop., 1 (4) : 319-322.
-Notas sobre 10s huevecillos de Anopheles mexicanos. Gac. Med. Mex.,
107-123.
-1941 El problema de las variedades de Anopheles punctipennis. Rev.
Sot. Mexicana H. N., 2 (213) : 175-186,4 figs.
1941 Anopheles (Anopheles) gubuldonf n. sp. de1 Estado de Tabasco,
Mexico. Rev. Med., 21 (395) : 385-394, 7 fgs.
-1941 Detalles morfol6gicos poco o nada conocidos de Anopheles, Mexicanes. Sci., 2 : 66-69, 11 fgs.
1941 - Anopheles pseudopunctipennis willardi.
Rev. Sot. Mex., H. N., 2

(1) : 47-49.

ANOPHELINI

305

VARGAS, L. 1942 - Las hembras americanas de1 subghnero Anopheles. Rev.

Ins. Sal. y Enf. Trop., 3 (1) : 67-74.
1942 El huevecillo de Anopheles (Anopheles) eiseni. Rev. Ins. Sal. y
Enf. Trop., 3 (2) : 185-187.
~1942 Anopheles xelujuensis en Mexico. Rev. Ins. Sal. y Enf. Trop., 3
(2) : 169-175, 4 fgs.
-1942 - Nota sobre la presencia de Anopheles neomaculipalpus en Mexico.
Rev. Ins. Sal. y Enf. Trop., 3 (1) : 75-79.
-1942 - El huevo de Anopheles barberi. Rev. Ins. Sal. y Enf. Trop., 3 (4) :
329-331.
__
1943 - El grupo maculipennis de1 nuevo Mundo y el Anopheles earlei. Rev.
Ins. Sal. y Enf. Trop., 4 (3) : 279-284, 2 pl.
-1943 Los subgeneros Americanos de Anopheles. Rev. Ins. Sal. y Enf.
Trop., 4 (1) : 57-77. 5 pl.
-1946 - El Anopheles darlingi en Mexico. Rev. Ins. Sal. y Enf. Trop., 7
(4) : 221-226.
--1948 Nota sobre la antigua presencia de Anopheles (IV.) albimanus en
Brasil. Rev. Ins. Sal. y Enf. Trop., 9 (2) : 153-i59, 2 pl.
VARGAS, L., CASIS, G. S. & EARLE, W. C. - 1941Anopheles pseudopunctipennis,
a vector of malaria in Mexico. Am. J. Trop. Med., 21 (6) : 779-788.
VARGAS, L. & PALACIOS, A. M. 1942 - Anopheles hectoris. Rev. Ins. Sal. y
Enf. Trop., 3 (2) : 177-184.
--1949 - Los Anophelinos de1 sur de Chiapas. Algunos datos sobre biologia
y distribution geografica. Rev. Ins. Sal. y Enf. Trop., 10 (3) : 253-260.
VERTEUI~, E. J. 1925 - Some observations on malignant tertian malaria in
Trinidad, B. W. I. Trans. R. Sot. Med. & Hyg., 19 (4) : 235-239.
-1933 - Malaria survey for 1932. Pap. Legis. Count. Trin & Tobago, 32 of
1933, 27 pp., 4 pls., 2 graphs.
VERTEUIL, E. J. & SPENCE, J. - 1937 - Malaria in Trinidad. Low tide level culvert system in coastal drainage. Trans. R. Sot. Trop. Med. & Hyg., 30
(4) : 449-460, 2 pl., 1 fg.
VIABIONTE, J. M. R. and CASTRO, M. 1951 - Estudio de la morfologia de la
armadura faringea de algunos anofelinos. Rev. San. & Hig. Pub., Madrid,
25 : 313-330, 12 fgs.
WELLS, C. W. - 1930 - The identification of the Anopheline mosquitoes of Porto
Rico. Am. J. Trop. Med., 10 (4) : 243-248, 5 fgs.
ZETEK, J. 1915 - Behaviour of Anopheles ulbimanus and tarsimaculafus. An.
Ent. Sot. Am., 8 : 221-271.
--1920 Anopheles breeding among water lettuce. A new habitat.
Bul.
Ent. Res., 11 (1) : 73-75.
ZULUETA, J. & BATES, M. 1948 - Laboratory experiments with selection of
oviposition site by Anopheles darlingi. Am. J. Hyg., 48 (3) : 350-360.

Tribe

CU L I C I N I .*

Characters
- AdztZl : Clypeus longer than broad, rounded above
and in front. Proboscis slender and flexible, or somewhat swollen
at tip, not hooked. Mandibles and maxillae, in the femzlle, reaching
as fal as end on labium and provided with a series of teeth apically.
Labellum not elongate. Thorax rather strongly arched above, scarcely
longer than broad ; scutellum always trilobed, each lobe bearing bristles, but areas bet,ween lobes without, bristles. Abdomen completely
clothed lyith broad scales which nearly always lie flat over the surface.
Male genitalia variously constructed, but anal segment always with
well-developed paraprocts and aedeagus never with leaflets at its
tip. Female usually with three spermathecae. Legs less slender than
in Anoplielini ; t$ibiae usually with scattered bristles. Wings with
cell R.2 seldom much shorter than its stem ; base of R. 4 + 5 usually
oblique ; cross-vein r-m vertical, not bent at, right angles ; no distinct
spur extending basally from angle of R,. 3 + 5 ; no emargination of
hind margin and no thickening of membrane between branches of Cu.
Pupa Abdominal segments II-VI
with hair A. placed some
distance from the apical corner, different fro*m those of segments VII
and VIII which are closer to the corner of the segments and often
similnr to one another, and branched from base. Paddles usually
with a hair or tuft at tip of midrib.
I,nt~u -- Head variously shaped, often l:~g;c? usually non-rotatnble. Clypeus usually with a pair of spines or bristly hairs on front
margin and with four pairs of hairs. Kane of the hairs of the body are
pinnately branched as in Anopkclivzi; frequently ?,hclarger hairs, and
often also many of the sma!ler hairs of head, thorax and aMomen are
branched in a,fan-like OI- stellate manner from the base ; the individual
hairs of the tufts may oft,en be shortly plumose. Antennae variously
formed, but never with two stout terminal spines with a hair between,
as in A nophelini, or with three similar hairs on shaft, as in Tozorhynchitini. Mouth brushes composed of a large number of hairs, which
are often finely pectinate along one side ; in t,he prekceous species
t,he number ofl;hairs in the mouth-brush may be reduced, but is never
less than about thirty, and their bases are never arranged in one line
as in Toxorh~~v~chitini. Mentum usually triangular, seldom longer t*han
broad, median tooth usually t,he longest. Thorax broad or moderately
broad. So eversible appendages on front margin of prothorax. Cheatotaxy variable in different genera and subgenera. Propleural hairs
usually if not always four in numhclr, but variabIe in dev4opment ;

308

CULEX

mesopleural group with three long hairs, metapleural with two long
hairs and one shorter. Abdomen without float-hairs ; chaetotaxy
otherwise very variable. Eighth segment with a posterodorsal air-tube
(siphon) ; a lateral chitinous plate may or may not be present, but
a trace of a lateral comb always present. Siphon with or without
pecten ; at its tip are the same five plates (a fixed anterior median
piece, a smaller anterior and a larger posterior pair of movable valves)
On side of eighth segment posteriorly are
as occur in the -4~~nopheZin~L
five hairs or hair-tuft,s. Anal segment with one or both pairs of dorsal
hairs usually branched from base ; ventral brush with all the hairs
of the same type, branched from near base.
Eggs - Variously shaped, but never roundedly oval, as in Toxorhynchitini, or provided with lateral floats, as in Anophelini.
Systematic position. - We consider this tribe as taking a place
between the Anophelini on one side and the Sabethini on the other.
The most developed genus of this tribe is Haemagogus which has some
Sabethini characters.
Key

to

genera.

A-2dults.
1. Squamula

with a complete fringe ; 6th. vein ending always

beyond fork of 5th. vein ; wing with microtriquia visible at
low powers of microXope . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.
Squamula with less than five hairs on fringe ; 6th. vein always
ending before fork of the 5th. vein ; microtrichiae only visible
at high magnifications ; small mosquitoes with iridescent
spots of scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uranotaenia

2. Prescutellar setae present ; meron larger than pronotal lobe . . .3.

Prescutellar setae absent (disk of mesonotum nude) ; meron
smaller than pronotal lobe ; spiracular setae absent ; apex of
abdomen diagonally slanted ; middle sized mosquitoes with
metallic coloration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Haemagogus
3. Postspiracular setae present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
Postspiracular setae absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.
4. Spiracular setae absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.
Spiracular setae present, sometimes very small ; abdomen ending
in a drawn out point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psorophora
5. Wing scales broad ; wing nearly always peppered with light and
dark scales ; abdomen blunt at apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mansoniu
Wing scales narrow ; wing never peppered ; abdomsn with apex
drawn out in a point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aedes
6. Mid mesepimerals present _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.
Mid mesepimerals absent ; fore tarsus IV reduced, i.e. nearly as

long as broad ; wing with broad scales ; large mosquitoes

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Orthopodomyia
7. Antenna with normal segments, i.e. they are elongate ; mid femur
without a tuft of long scales ; pulvilli present . . . . . . . . . . . .8.
Antenna with short and thick segments ; mid femur with a
tuft of long scales ; wing covered with broad scales ; small mosquitoes of black and white color ; pulvilli absent . . . . A edeomyia
8. First flagellar segment very long ................
First flagellar segment normal .........................

1758

Culex

Linnaeus,

Genus

C U L E X

Syst.

ed. 10.a

Nat.,

602 -

Deinocerites
Cu7e.z:

Linnaeus, 1758.
Type

pipiens

L.

(Synonymy under subgenera).

Characters
- Small or medium sized mosquitoes (except Lukia) ;
they are dark colored and do not show met,allic spots (except Carrollia).
Pulvilli well developed.
FemaZe - Proboscis slightly shorter or longer, sometimes of the
length of fore femur ; slender or slightly thickened at apex. Eyes
united above antennae and on lower portion. Bucco-pharynx with
teeth on armature. Antenna with first flagellar segment the size of
II, all subequal, Ocular setae in a rcw.
Thorax : Pronotal lobes quite separated. Mesonotum with dorsocentral and supralar setae developed. Postnotum nude. Pleura with
upper margin of meron quite above the upper margin of hind coxa,
sclerites with the following chaetotaxy : posterior pronotals,
prealars, sternopleurals and upper mesepimerals present, lower mesepimerals reduced or absent (except in Lutzia) ; spiracular and postspiracular setae absent.
Abdomen distally blunt ; cerci short, broad and generally hidden.
Legs wit,h hind tarsus I as long or little longer than corresponding
tibia. Claws simple.
Wing with scales on both surfaces. Microtriquiae dist,inct. Squamula with complete fringe.
Male Palpus generally long, the two last segments slender
and up-curved, exceptionally short, i.e. a third the length of proboscis.
Antenna strongly plumose, the segments long, the two last ones elongate. Claws of fore and mid pairs long, unequal, generally toothed,
the ones on hind pair simple.
Genit,alia : Basistyle subconical, the basal lobe absent, t,he subapical one present, generally divided and with setae. Dististyle curved.
Tenth sternites developed and with tufts or rows of apical setae.
Mesosome formed by two plates.

310

Pupa - Tube quite developed, the opening distal. Abdomen wit.11

the dendrit.ic tuft developed. Paddle smooth and with two terminal
spicules.
Larva - Head w&h frontal setae simple or multiple ; antenna1
tuft generally quite developed. Siphon with pecten and tufts. Segment VIII with a comb bearing numerous free scales. Anal segment
with developed pecten.
&w - -Elongate. Deposited in raft-shaped batches.

1. One, two or three mesepimeral setae, without or with one to three

lower mesepimerals ; small or medium sized mosquitoes . . .2.

With a row of six or more lower mesepimerals ; large mosquitoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lutxia
2. Abdomen dark or with white stripes . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .3.
Abdomen with basolateral spots of scales which give off metallic
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carrollin
reflexes . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Vertex with broad or erect forked scales
. . . . . . . . . . .4.
Vertex with slender curved scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . Culcx
4. Tarsi with distal rings OCwhite scales . . . . _lIicroc~dex (in part)
Tarsi dark . . . . . . . . ,
.
. . . . . . . : Aedinus
Tinolestes
Xelanoconion
JIic~~oculen:<in part)
1. Abdomen dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Z.
C.u~&Zia
Abdomen with basolateral metallic spots . . . . . . . .
2. Palpus longer than proboscis . . . . . . . . . . .
.. .
. . .4.
Palpua shorter than proboscis . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ..
. . 3.
3. Basistyle with the lobe-mesially placed and having a long appendix
i2cdintbs
Basistyle with a divided subapi&l idbh . .. . .. , .. .. . . . . Tinoksles
4. Without lower mesepimerals, when they are present, at most
there are only six ; small or medium sized mosquitoes . . .5.
With a row of six or more lower mesepimerals ; large mosquitoes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lut;ia
5. Tenth sternite with a row of setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.
Tenth sternite with a tuft of setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Culex
6. Mid plate of mesosome with a long and retrose filament inserted
at the super0 lateral angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Microculex
&Sucha plate without such a filament . . . . . . . . . . . Melanoconion

311

We do not, have sufficient data which permit the characterization

of the mentioned subgenera in the stages of pupa, larva and egg.
Subgenus
1903

Lutziu

Theobald,

1906

Janbesia

1932

Lutz&z

Mon.

Christophers,

Edwards,

L U T 2 I A Theobald, 1903.
: 153 - type bigoti Bellardl.
Mem.
Med.
Ind., 25 : 12 type juscanus Wiedemxm.

Cul.,
Scl.

Gen.

Ins.,

190.

Edwards (1932) recognizes two groups of species in this subgenus.

The first of these groups is restricted to the Neohropical region while
the second (Jamesia) occurs in the other tropical regions. He further
believes Ihat the species of these groups are separated with difficulty.
Characters
14duZt : They are the largest mosquitoes of this
genus. Palpus in the male longer than length of proboscis, upcurved
and pilose ; in the female one fourth the length of proboscis. Scales
of posterior .pronotum narrow ; those of the sternopleura and mesepimeron grouped and broad ; there is a row of six to eight lower mesepimerals. Legs extensively marked with white. Pulvilli large and
well developed. Wing with transversal veins nearly in :inc. Male
genitalia with the upper lobe of basist:yle reduced and with st,raight
setac. Dististyle simple, short and curved. Tenth sternite in a dense
tuft of setae. Mesosome formed by a pair of plates.
Pupa - Without subgeneric characters.
Larvu - Head with mouth parts modified for prehension and well
developed. Antennae short, and uniform. Mouth brushes formed by
many strongly sclerotized lamellae. Setae of front0 clypeus long and
simple. Siphon short, the pecten formed by regularly spaced scales ;
there are multiple posterior tufts from base nearly to, apex. Anal segment covered by the plate which is longer than broad.
Rionomics - The females of the Neotropical species do not attack
man and are not hematophagous. The larvae are predaceour, very
voracious and found in small pools of water.
Note - We consider as valid only two species ; for this reason
keys will not be given.
Culex
1861

Culez

1862

Bellardi,

Bellardi,

1901

Lutzia

1904

Taeniorhynchus

1906

Lutzia

1908

Peryassb,

Dit.

Mem.

Mon.
Giles,

1915

Howwd,

1923

Petrocchi.

1925

Culex

Bonne

1928

Lutz&a

Dyar,

1936

Martini,

1936

Lane,

Ap.

Cul.,
J.

& Knab,

OS Cul.
Dyar

J.

N.

Brazil,

Ins.

Dep.

Sal.

Mus.

Pub.,
Paul.,

343;

Y.

200.
1903
7

Ent.

Theobald,

382.

Sot.,

14

182.
Mon.,

Bact.
Am.,

2.

Med.,

B.

& Bonne-Wepster,
Moe.

Hellardi, 1861.

bigoti

21

Trop.

& Knab,

Rev.

Rev.

Med.,

-4~. SC]. Torino,

Theobald,
Dyar

(Lutzia)

3
A.,

468.

10.

Mos.

Sur.,

Me&o,

57.

266.
Mos.
20:

187.

195.

180.

id.,

155.

312
syn.

CULEX

1923

Lutziu

bradtie

Dyar,

1925

Culex

brasiliae

Bonne

1928

Lutzia

bra&tie

Dyar,

1928 Lutziu
1930

L.

1932

Culex

patersoni

brasiliae

and

patersoni

Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

11

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

Am.,

& Del

patersoni

Shannon,
Gen.

67.
Sm.,

195.

267.

Shannon
Edwards,

Mos.

Ponte
Ins.,

(in Dyar),

6.~ Reun.

Sot.

Mos.

Am.,

Arg.

Pat.

268.
Reg.

N.,

496.

190.

Female - Proboscis one eighth longer than fore femur, blackish except for
a broad white ring over all the median third, there are dark scales scattered over
the white ring ; labellum whitish. Bucco-pharyngeal armature with broad lateral
processes, the space in the middle with thirty blunt teeth ; the body of armature
with four spicules (fig. 273). Palpus one fifth the length of proboscis, segment I
globose, II long, III two and a half times the length of II, covered with light
and dark intermixed scales besides light pilosity ; last palpal segment flattened,
the apex apex rounded. Antenna slightly longer than length of proboscis, the segments subequal, the verticils basal and with five or six hairs, on basal segment
the verticil is median. Occiput with slender, curved, white scales mixed with
brown, erect forked ones ; mentum with broad appressed scales ; vertex with
golden proclinate setae, oculars upturned, golden and numerous.

273.

275.
Fig.

273.

Culex

(Lutzia)

Fig.

275.

--

Male
genitalia.
Original.

bigoti

Bellardi,

Basistyle

and

1861.
dististyle.

Buccopharynx.
Mesosome

Original.
side

and

front

views.

Thorax : Pronotal lobe covered with slender golden scales and golden and
blackish setae. Mesonotum wit,h brown disk, median portion with dark brown
scales and a pattern of golden and white ones on the sides and reaching prescutellar
region ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae decumbent and blackish, above
paratergite golden setae. Scutellum covered with white scales, the tufts with
yellow setae on the lateral ones and brown ones on the middle. Postnotum dark
brown, lighter on the sides ; pleura brown, the margins whitish ; there are two
spots of white broad scales on sternopleura and upper portion of mesepimeron ;
posterior pronotum with slender, curved, golden scales on upper portion and a
row of setae of this color on posterior margin ; sternopleurals and mesepimerals
also golden, the lower mesepimerals six or seven.

313

CULEX

Legs : Coxae with spots of dark and white scales and whitish setae. Femora
dark except at base where there are white ones and at apex where there is a ring
of white scales. Tibiae dark except for basal and apical broad rings and the internal
portion which are white. Tarsi dark with broad rings on joints. Claws simple,
pulvilli developed and white.
Wing with broader scales on costal region (fig, 274) ; the other veins covered
with narrow scales ; there are white spots ; 1st. vein with three large distinct
white spots, the other veins with white spots but their distribution variable ;
2nd. vein with upper branch white except ends which are blackish, lower branch
blackish ; 3rd. vein blackish at base, the rest whitish ; 4th. vein with upper
branch having a median white spot, the lower one can show two white spots, a
basal one, or be completely white or even have white and dark scales intermixed ;
5th. vein with base of branches blackish, the rest white ; 6th. vein variable, with
a distal blackish spot or with a basal one also.

Fig.

274.

Culex

(Lutzia)

bigoti

Bellardi,

1861.

Wing.

Original.

Abdomen blackish, with apical white spots which, in the last segment, originate stripes ; segment VIII reduced ; cerci hidden.
Male - Proboscis with smaller but more distinct ring. Palpus longer than
proboscis by the length of the last segment ; segments marked with white mainly
at base, with long and dense brown and golden hairs on sides. Antenna with shorter
segments, densely covered with brown plumes, the two apical ones with short
pilosity and elongate. Wing with 6th. vein completely covered with white scales.
Two fore and mid claws long and toothed, hind ones simple.
Genitalia : (fig. 275). Basistyle elongate, more than three times basal width,
lobe bevond middle, reduced, with four larger setae and smaller ones, there is also
a subapical group of small setae. Dististyle with less than half the length of basistyle, curved, thick, the claw subterminal, the apex expanded. Mesosome with
upper horn ending in an upcurved tooth, the external margin with protuberances
or smooth (see Lar:e, 1036 b). Tenth sternite with a dense crown of setae below
it, approximately seven spicules.
Pupa - Tube subtriangular, the opening large and notched, two and a half
times the apical width ; a blackish characteristic spot on internal basal portion.
Cephalothorax unicolorous, the setae small and simple or multiple.
Abdomen (fig. 276) with first four segments blackish in the middle ; hair B
on III with more than half the length of segment, in IV and V generally double
and quite longer than length of segment ; hair C of III multiple and with more
than half the length of segment, in IV and V dolrble, while in VI it is simple, in
these segments it is lorger than lenglh of segment ; hair A on II-V double, in VI
triple, finally in VII-VIII
multiple and with a third the length of segment. Paddle
nearly rounded, twice the length of segment VIII anl with two small setae at apex,
one of them is simple and the other double or triple.

314

CULEX

.
Fig.

276.

Cdex

(Lutzk)

and tube.

Bellardi,

bigoti

1861.

Pupa.

Abdominal

segments, dorsal

Original.

Larva (fig. 277). Head broader than long, the integument unicolorous.
Antenna very short,, uniform and with a single seta beyond middle ; apex with
two setae and a spicule which is short and strongly sclerotized. Mouth brushes
formed by numerous strong, curved, sclerotized elements. Ma.ndibles strong and
with four large and a number of small teeth. Labial plate with five teeth on each
side, longer than the central ones which are small and blunt. Clypcus with simple
long setae.

275.
Fig.

277.

C&x

(Luteia)

bigoti

Bellardi,

1861.

Larva.

Head aud k

rninal segments.

Original,
Fig. 278. -

Culex

(Lutzia)

Mesosome.

aliostigma

Original.

Howards,

Dpar

& Knab,

1913

Male

genitalia.

315

CULES

Isod?; finely spiculosc. Thoracic setae inserted in sclerotized, mamillated

struckres.
Pcctcn of segment VIII formed by numerous scales in irregular rows.
Siphon (SW Lane 1936 b) two and a half times basal width, the pecten with twelve
scales beyond middle and eight tufts, the last one beyond pecten. Anal segment
ringed by the plate which is finely spiculose as the siphon ; such a plate is quite
longer than wide and has two long dorsal and a small lateral seta ; brush developed.
Gills four, short.
Type lost ?
I(!/pe locnlit!/ - Mexico.
Dist/.ih?tlion - From Mexico
to 2\rgef~tina.

Culex
1906

Lutziu

1918

Cules Dyar,

(Lutzia)

Howard,

Dyar,

id.,

& Knab,

471.
& Honnc-I\-epstel,

id.,

I1 : 124 ; 1923 L&M

175.

1925

Bonne

& Bonne-Wepster,

1925

Lutzzu

Dyar,

1931

Culex

,Ilartini,

1939

Senevrt

syn.

1906

Mos.

Mob.

Brn.,

Rev.

Ent.,

, Ar.

Ins.

bigoti

Sur.,

192.

267.

& Abonnenc

Lutzia

Mon.,

6 : 93 ; 1923 Bonne

Ins. Ins. Alens.,

11

Howa,rd, Dyar & Knab, 1915.

allostigma

Dyar

Dyw

217.
Pasteur

& Knob

.Ugbrle,

fpro

: 63.

17

parte),

J.

N.

Y.

E:nt.

Sot.,

14 :

180.

iVcbrv similar to C. higoti. Can bc separated from this species by the following
characters : - Adult.
A distinct white spot on middle of costal region which reaches 1st. vein. 11Ialc genitalia with numerous developed and pointed teeth on
external margin of mcsosomc. (fig. 278). Lark : Scales of p&en not, surpassing
the middle of siphon.
Eyy - Jennings (in Howard, Dyar & &lab,
1915 pg. 472) : - I. . . , The
cgga were cylindrical, about l/32 of an inch in length, as nearly as could be estimated, slender, and terminated in a nearly hemispherical head of the same diameter as the body of the egg, which, however was drawn to a low point or apex.
The body of the rod-like egg was of a pale yellowish white with a metallic reflection
appearing almost galden in certain lights, whik~ the apex or head, which was sharply
defined, was of a pale blue color. The eggs were arranged in a double row, forming
a raft or boat. The largest, mass contained Iwenty-five pairs . . . .
Type locality- Panama.
Type in U. S. ir;. XI.
Distribution

Panama

Nicaragua

Surinam

Peru

Colombia

States of Amazonas and Par&

Brad,

Subgenus
1758

Culex

Linnneus,

Syst.

Nat.

Theobald,

ed.

1903

Lasioconops

1903

Hcptaphlebomyia

Mon.

1905

Pseu.doheptaphlebomyia

1905

Trichopronomgiu

1907

Aporoculex

Theobald,

Mon.

1907

Leucomyia

Theobnld,

id.,

1907

Pseudoculex

1907

OcuZeomyia

Theobaldiomyia

1914

Phalangomyia

1916

Laiomuia

1917

Transculiciu

1918

Cacoculex

Theobald,

Izquierdo,
Dyw,

:
4

Ins.

type
-

type
Mus.,

Ins.

type

98 -

type

poicilipes

poicilipes.

squumosus

Taylor.

Theobsld.

Theobald.

poiciliprs.
bi!aeniorkyncltus
4

Mens.,

Pueblo
5

type

gelidus

type

Mens.,

100 -

s. str.

3 :

Hung.,

150 -

Ind.

Ins.

s. Pal.,

Nat.

4 :

372 -

& Knab,
Inv.

Mus.

: 318
: 51.5

Recd.

Ins.
id.,

Cul.,
4

id.,

Brunetti,
Dyar

An.

id.,

Theobald,

Dyar,

id.,

Ventrillon,

Theobzld,

1912

Cul.,

Theobald,

C U 1, E X

: GO2 - type pipiens 1~.

type poicilipes Theobald.
3 : 235 : 336 - type univiftatus Theobald.
Bul. Mus. Paris, 11 : 427 .- type

10.8

462 2

(thesis),
184 -

habilitator

58 65 -

type
D.

Gales.

type
type
type

gelidus.
debalis D.

& K.

? stigmatosoma

bahamensis

D.

Dyar.

& K.

& K.

Characters
Fcrde : Proboscis slightly thickened apically.
Palpus twice the lengtlh of clypeus. L4nte,nna longer than proboscis,

316

CULEX

filiform. Occiput with erect, forked scales and curved slender ones
except on ocular margin and mentum where they are broad, rounded
and always whitish.
Thorax : Mesonotum with narrow scales. Scutellum with sparse
scales.
Mule - Proboscis articulated in the middle in many Neotropical
species, the mesial spot often originating a ring. Palpus always longer
than proboscis by the length of last two segments (except in C. joliaceus), laterally with denser pilosity than in female ; in many species
dark in the female but with basal white spots in the male.
Genitalia : Differs from those of other subgenera by the number
of elements in the apical lobe of dististyle, conformation of mesosome
and tenth sternites which always bear tufts of hairs.
Pupa - Without subgeneric characters.
Larva - Head broader than long. Antenna with a developed tuft
at base of distal third, apical portion attenuated. Scales of pecten of
segment VIII numerous and free. Siphon with pecten. Anal segment
with numerous ventral tufts.
Egg - There are few observations from a taxonomical point of
view.
Some species are difficult to place because the
Systematics descriptions are vague and the characters of male genitalia, specially
the mesosome are frequently incorrectly described. Larvae show
much variation, chiefly as to the position and number of elements on
siphon. This genus can be divided into the two groups mentioned
below.
Group A - In this group the species which do not bear a cha.racteristic leaf on the apical lobe of basistyle of male are placed. They
bahamensis, beauperthuyi, bonneae, brevispinosus, coronator,
are : derivator, duplicator, habilitator, maracayensis, maxi, saltanensis and
surinamensis.
Group B - All the species with a characteristic leaf on upper lobe
of basistyle of male are placed here. They are : - abnormalis, acharistus, airosai, articularis, apicinus, carcinoxenus, chidestri, corniger,
diplophyllum, dolosus,jatigans, joliaceus, injlictus, interjor, interrogator,
janitor, levi-castilloi, lygrus, mauesensis, mollis, nigripalpus, pinarocampa, pipiens, secutor, sphinx, spinosus, stenolepis, stigmatosoma and
virgultus.
Bionomics - The females of some species are markedly anthropophilous, others prefer several mammals while yet others have a
marked preference for the blood of birds. They take their meals at
dusk or at night time. The males swarm at dusk for mating. BreThey breed in large and small
eding places are very variable.
collections of water, natural and artificial containers.

Key

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

for

the

females

of

317

CULEX

s. str.

3.
Wing with unicolorous scales ...........................
2.
Wing with white scales ................................
A distinct line of white scales on first vein ; legs average . .deZys
Dirty white scales on fork of second vein ; legs long and slender ;
apicinus
restricted to the Incasic center .....................
4.
Tarsi dark .............................................
.18.
Tarsi with rings (indistinct in some species of dolosus) ......
5.
Abdomen without white bands on tergites .................
11.
Abdomen with white bands on tergites ...................
9.
Mesonotum with a pattern formed by light colored scales ....
Mesonotum without such a pattern, the light scales, when present, are restricted to the prescutellar region and sides of
6.
mesonotum ..........................................

6. Mesonotum with light brown, nearly yellowish, integument. . 8.

Mesonotum with dark brown, nearly blackish, integument . . 7.
Wing
with filiform scales ; tibiae with normal setae ; restricted
7.
articularis
to the Andean center ..........................
Wing with a mixture of broader and filiform scales ; tibiae with
numerous long setae ; restricted to the T&pj,~er$er ... spinosus <X
Zygrus-+
8. Mesonotum with very short and straight scales . : ... 1 ......
bonneae +
breuispinosus 2
Mesonotum with long and curved scales ..........
virgultus
.
infzictus
10.9. Prescutellar region dark scaled ..........................
Prescutellar region with white scales ; mesonotal setae dark
foZiaceus4,
brown .........................................
abnormalis
I
......................
Mesonotal
setae
light
brown
10.
scutatus .
Mesonotal setae dark brown .........................
.12.
11. Abdomen with apical white bands ......................
.13.
Abdomen with basal white bands .......................
sphinx
12. The stripes forming as uniform band ...................
deri%ator
The band interrupted in the middle .................
.15.
13. Mesonotum without a pattern .........................
Mesonotcm with a pattern formed by light colored scales ... .14.
14. From the Incasic center ; lljng, slender ani large species ......
diplophyllum ..
...........................................
interrogator
From Central America ; average sized species ......
* This key will serve only to approximate species but not for a secure identification because the characters are variable to such an extent that only the
total sum of characters found in males, pupae and larvae will enable a correct
identification.

318

15. Mesonotum with long and curved scales . . . . . . . . . . . . .16.

Mesonotum densely covered with short, straight, hronzy scales
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nigripalpus-l
..
....... .
. . . . . . . . . .17.
16. These scales light colored
Such scales bronzy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . chides&z
carcinoxenus
17. Mesonntjum with yellowish scales ; tropicopolitan species . . . . .
. ... ........... ......... . ...........
pipiens fatigans
Mesonotum w&h whitish scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . beauperihuyi
18. Proboscis with a white ring beyond the middle . . . . . . . . . . . .19.
Without a ring on proboscis but a patch of white scales may be
present ventrally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22.
19. Mesonotum with a pattern or with anterior white or yellowish
scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...20.
Mesonotum without such a pattern .
. . . . . . bahamcnsis
.... ..... .....
.21.
20. Intxegumentj yellowish or brown .
Integument blackish, a distinct pattern on mesonotum . . airosai
21. Mesonotal pattern formed by two light spots . . . . . . stigmatosoma
duplicator
Mesonotal pattern wit,h a dense covering of yellow golden scales,
on prescutellar region and antero laterally there are white
golden scales . . . . . . . . . .
..... ..
. . mauesensisy
Y_
maxi
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23.
22. Mesonotum with a light colored pattern
Mesonotxn without such a pattern
. .....
..
. . . . .26.
23. Last hind tarsal with a basal white ring, the rest blackish . . .24.
Last hind tarsal completely u-hi&h . . . . . . . . pinarocampa
stenolepis
2-4. Occiput with blackish scales or, supralar setae dark brown . . .25.
Occiput with narralv scales, t)he forked ones golden : supralar
setae yellowish .
.
.
..
. .
. . . . surinamensis y
Mesonotal
pattern
with
more
than
two
light
spots on middle
25.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . corniger b-i& -+.
of disk . . .
Mesonotal pattern formed by two spots in the middle of disk
besides the lateral white scales . . .
. .
. . . . coronator 3? I -:,
&Jloaus 3 Gi-z-b
inferjor J-*
26. From Central Americ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . habilitator
janitor
secutol
mollis t
virgultus
From South America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . acharistus
T.

virgultus - _

319

CTJLEX

The following species are unknown in the female : and saltanensis.

Key

for

the

male

genitalia

of

CULEX

ma?acayensis 5 27
levi-castilloi

s. str.

1. Apical lobe of basistyle without leaves, foliaceous setae may,

however, be present . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.
Apical lobe of basisbyle with one or more leaves on its upper
division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...12.
2. Apical lobe of hasistyle simple and with two setae at apex . . . 3.
This lobe with a single protuberance which bears three developed
setae preceeded by smaller ones or pilosity ; mid plate of mesosome with numerous teeth on lateral margin . . . . . . . . . . 4.
Apical lobe always with more than three developed setae, nearly
always divided into an upper and a lower portion . . . . . . 8.
3. Setae of apical lobe short. and thick ; distist,yle uniform (from
Central America) . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . bahamensis
These setae long and slender, the lower one pointed ; dististyle
thickened in the middle (Northern Argentina)
. . . . habilitator
4. Tenth sternite pilose on external margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 5.
Without such pilosity on the tenth sternitc
... .....
. . . 6.
5. Apical lobe of basistyle with sparse pilosity . . . . . . . maracayensis
This lobe with numerous setae besides the pilosity . . bcauperihuyi
6. Setae of the apical lobe with a curved point . . . , . . . . . . . . 7.
These setae straight ; the upper horn of mesosome fingerlike
and straight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . saltanensis
7. Upper horn of mesosome with numerous teeth at, apex ; columnar
process with pilosity besides the setae . . . . . . . . . . duplicate?
Upper horn of mesosome simple, large and curved and surpassing
the plate ; a group of short set,ae on the upper division of the
apical lobe . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bonneae
8. Median plate of mesosome with the upper horn never much
beyond the teeth of same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.
Upper horn of median plate much beyond the lateral horn ;
internal angle of horn with small setae ; apical lobe of basistyle
divided and with two groups of setae ; apex of basistyle with
differentiated set)ae . . . . . .
. . . . . coronator
9. Dististyle short and much thickened in the middle ; upper division of t,he apical lobe with foliaceous setae ; mid plate of mesosome with nine thick teeth, the apical protuberance T-shaped
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drwispinosus
Dististyle normal . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . -10.
10. Apical lobe of basistyle subdivided, the upper horn with four

320

CULEX

sphinx
..ll.

foliaceous setae ..................................

Not as above ........................................
11.

Apical lobe of basistyle with ten setae ; median plate of mesosome

with four to eight long and slender teeth, the space between the
teeth and the lower horn with a rounded concave incision
surinamensis
......................................
A&ai lobe of basistyle with from six to eight setae inserted in
a single protuberance ; median plate of mesosome with five
or six thick teeth, the space between the teeth and the lower
maxi
horn with a concave incision .........................

12. Apical lobe of basistyle simple and with only two or three appen..13.
dicles ............................................
14.
This lobe subdivided ....................................
13. Apical lobe of basistyle without a columnar process ; there is a
single foliaceous seta with straight ones above and below it.
..... ..... .......
. lobe with

. only two developedaz~~~~~

Ud&r division

of
a&ai

joliaceus
...............................................
14. With
With
15. With
With

.17.
a single leaf on the upper branch of apical lobe .......
.15.
more than a leaf on upper branch of apical lobe ......
.16.
two leaves on the apical lobe ......................
three leaves on the upper branch of apical lobe. . Zeui-castilloi

16. With two leaves on upper branch of the apical lobe ; below the
apicinus
apical lobe a densely setose protuberance ...........
diplophyllum
Without. such a protuberance ....................
17. Mesosome without teeth on the lateral margin ............
Mesosome with teeth on the lateral margin ..............

.18.
.21.

18. Upper division of apical lobe with three or four setae besides the
leaf.................................................lg.
Such a division with only two setae besides theleaf, one of them
20.
curved .............................................
19. Setae of the upper division straight ...........
pipiens fatigans
scu.tatus
With three hooked and one straight setae ............
20. A striated leaf on the upper branch of the apical lobe .... interfor
acharistus
With this leaf smooth ............................
21. With two to five teeth on the lateral margin of mesosome ... .22.
With more than five teeth on the lateral margin of mesosome. .26.
22. Upper margin of mesosome smooth ......................
Such a margin spiculose, the teeth blunt at apex ....

.23.
nigripalpus

23. Teeth of mesosome pointed .............................

.24.
Such teeth with blunt apex, a pointed and long tooth which is
pinarocampa
longer than the upper horn ...................

c u
-_

Id

321
- -__

24. Mesosome with small teeth .............................

.25.
Mesosome with three or four large, spaced teeth which occupy all
the space between the upper and the lower horns. .. virgultus
25. With a protuberance which is serrate on the margin ....
Without such a serration at level of lower tooth ..........
26. Upper horn of mesosome T-shaped .......................
This horn uniform .....................................
27. Upper branch of apical lobe with a leaf and a seta .....
This branch formed by a leaf and two setae .............

Zygrus
secutor

.27.
.28.
slenolepis
moZZis

28. Mid plate of mesosome with ten teeth on t.he external margin. .29.
.37.
This plate with twenty teeth on the external margin .......
............................
.30.
29. Teet!h of mesosome pointed
corniger
These teeth blunt and very close together ...........
30. Upper horn never beyond the teeth ......................
This horn quite beyond the teeth ........................
31. J,ower horn of mid plat,e of mesosome long
upwards. ............................................
This horn short and straight ........................

and

.33.
.31.
curved
32.
janitor

32. Lpper division of the a,pical lobe with a hooked seta besides-the
articularis
leaf .........................................
dolosus
This division with straight setae ....................
.34.
Upper division of the apical lobe with curved setae ........
This division with a single foliaceous seta besides the leaf. ...
carcinoxenus
............................................
This division with a foliaceous seta, a leaf and a* pointed seta
m.auesensis
.............................................
.35.
34. Tenth sternite with sparse spicules ......................
.36.
This sternite densely spiculose ..........................

33.

35. Upper branch of the apical lobe with a single seta beyond the
......................
inflict us
leaf ....................
With other elements besides the above mentioned ones. .........
abnormalis
..............................................
36. The teeth of the mid plate of mesosome nearly over all the margin
spinosus
and long .......................................
These teeth inserted only on the upper half of the margin ....
stigmatosoma
...........................................
interrogator
37. Xlesosome with t,wenty teeth restricted to the upper portion
corniger
................................................
chidestri
These teeth from base to the upper margin ...........
While C. deZys is unknown in the male, C. deriuator is insufficiently described.

322

CULEX

Key

for

the

larvae

of

CULEX

s. str.

Antenna uniform, the tuft. in the middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.

Antenna with distal portion attenuated, the tuft dense and at
base of distal third . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.
Siphon less than three times the basal width ; p.h.f. * 1.1.1. 4/G - 1.1.314 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . corniger
Siphon with four times the basal width ; p.h.f. 2.2.2. - 3 - 1.1.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . janitor
Body pilose or spiculose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
Body nude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...12.
Siphon with a distal crown of spines or distally spiculose . . . . . 5.
Siphon smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.
Siphon twelve times the basal width ; p.h.f 1.1.1 -

2 - 1.1.3
breuispinosus
fji&Ai eight i,&& tie

&&,i %&:h ; p1h.f ; 1i.i : - 2 - I. 1.2/3

coronato
Siphon five times t~hehasal~vk& * .. . . . .. *.*.*.. . . .. . . .. deauperthuyi
maracayensis
6. Siphon less than five times the basal width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.
Siphon more than six times the basal width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.
7. Siphon four times t,he basal width, the tufts short . . . . . . . . . . . 8.
Siphon twice the basal width, the tufts very long ; p.h.f. 1.l.l 1 - 1.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bonneae
8. Pecten two thirds the length of siphon ; p.h.f. 1.1.1 - 2 - 1.1. ?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . interrogator
Pecten less than half the length of siphon ; only the thorax finely
pilose ; p.h.f 1.l.l - 2 - 1.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . virgultus
9. Siphon more than seven times the basal width . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.
Siphon less than seven times the basal width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.
10. Siphon eight times the basal width, with only four t,ufts beyond
the pecten ; p.h.f. 3.2.1 - 1. - 3.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . habilitator
Siphon seven and a half times the basal width, seven multiple
tuft,s beyond the pecten ; p.h.f 1.1.1. - 1 - 1.1.3 . . chide&i
Siphon eleven times the basal width, five tufts beyond the pecten
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . derivator
11. Siphon six and a half times the basal width ; only three double
tufts beyond the pecten ; p.h.f 1.1.1 - 2 - 1.1.3. .nigripaZpus
Siphon six times the basal width, only three double tufts beyond
the pecten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inflictus
* We have used the abbreviation p.h.f for prothoracie hair formula.
** The prothoracic hair formula of C. maracayensis is 1.1.1 - 2 - 1.1.3.
do not know the prothoracic hair formula of C. beauperthuyi.

PTc

CULEX

-_

~___

~ ~~_

~__ ._~,

323

Siphon five and a half times the basal width, five multiple tufts
beyond t,he pecten ; p.h.f 1.1.1 - 2 - 1.1.213 . . surinamensis
12. Siphon less than six and a half times the basal width . . . . . . .13.
Siphon eight times the basal width ; p.h.f 1.1.1 - 2 1.1.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . abnormalis
13. With four gills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14.
With only two gills which are very short ; p.h.f. 1.1.1 - 2 - 1.1.3
bahamensis
. . . . . . . . . ..I.................................
14. Plate of anal segment with very short and sparse spiculosity . .15.
Plate of anal segment with long and dense spiculosity over its
whole surface ; p.h.f. 1.1.1. - 1 - 1.1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . spinosus
15. Siphon six times the basal width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16.
Siphon less than six times the basal width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17.
16. Tufts of clypeus with less than five hairs ; p.h.f. 1.1.1 -- l/2 1.1.2 (from South America) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dolosus
Tufts of clypeus with more than five hairs; p.h.f. (for pinarocampa only) 1.1 .l - 2 - 1.1.2 (from Mexico) . . . . stenolepis
pinarocampa
17. Siphon four times the basal width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.8.
Siphon five or five and a half times the basal width . . . . . . . . .22.
18. Abdominal segments III and IV with double or triple settle 6. .19.
Abdominal segments III and IV with a single seta 6 ; p.h.f.
1.1.2 - 2 - 1.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , scutatus
19. Abdominal segments III and IV with double setae . . . . . . . . .20.
These segments with triple setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stigmatosoma
20. Tufts on siphon normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . .21.
Tufts on siphon minute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . foliaceus
21. Tufts of siphon shorter than width of same . . . . . . . carcinoxenus
diploph~llum *
Tufts of siphon longer than width of same . . . . . pipiens fatigans
22. Siphon with three tufts beyond the pecten . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23.
Siphon with five tufts beyond the pecten ; p.h.f. 1.1.1 - 2 - 1.1.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . se&or
23. Tufts with two or three slender branches ; p.h.f. 1.1 .l. - 2 1.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mollis
Tufts with four or five distinct, branches ; p.h.f. 2.2.2 - 2 - 1.1.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . apicinus
The. larvae of the following species are unknown or insufficiently
described : - acharistus, airosai, articularis, delys, duplicator, interfor,
levi-casfilloi, lygrus, mauesensis, maxi, and saltanensis.
* Prothoracic

hair formula

1.1.1 -

2 -

1.12.

324

Group

Culex
1906

Culez

1915

Howsrd,

Dysr

(Culex)

& Knao,

Dyar

& Knab,

J.

N.

Y.

Mon.,

InF.

Mens.,

Ent.

Sot.,

: 300.
3 : 114 ;

A.

Dyar & Knab,

bahamensis

& Knab,
Ins.

14

210.

1915

Dgar

1925

Boone

1928

Dgar,

syn

1917

Culcx

(Tmnsculicia)

eleulhera

D>.ar,

Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

1920

Culex

(!,%mscu~iciu)

petersoni

Dyar,

Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

1925

C. (T.)

& Bonne-Wepster,
Rlos.

Am.,

1906.

Mos.

Sur.,

1920 Dyar,

id.,

29.

190.

360.

petersoni

Bonne

& Boom-Wepster,

Amos. Sm.,

:
:

184

; 1918

Dyar,

id.,

:,100.

27.

190.

Fe?ruxle- Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark except for a median white
ring ; labellum whitish. Palpus twice the length of clypeus, dark but with a few
white scales at apex. Ant,enna with light brown torus, darker internally ; flagellum
as long as proboscis. Occiput with erect forked, black scales intermixed with
appressed, narrow, curved white and light brown ones, on the sides and below with
broad white scales.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with blackish setae and white scales. Mesonotum
with light brown integument ; covered with bronzy scales except on the sides and
on prescutellar region where thev are whitish ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae brown. Scutellum white scaled. Pleura with center darker ; posterior
pronotum with narrow, slender, curved scales ; sternopleura and mesepimeron
with patches of white scales ; two posterior pronotal blackish setae ; sternopleurals
golden below, darker above ; lower mesepimerals two, brown ; upper mcsepimerals
golden.
Legs : Fore coxa covered anteriorly with white scales above and dark ones
below ; mid coxa with white scales ; both coxae with dark brown setae ; hind
coxa with sparse white scales, the setae of a lighter color. Femora and tibiae dark
except internally where they arc whitish and at apex which are yellowish. Tarsi
wit,h discreet rings on joints.
Wing with narrow scales, those of costal region broader. Haltere whitish.
Abdomen dark with broad basal white bands. Sternites with whitish scales.
Male Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of last segment,, the
segments dark with apical rings, the distal segments with dark setae. Antenna
shorter than proboscis, the plumes dark brown. Abdomen and tarsi with markings
more distinct than in the female.
Genitalia : (fig. 279). I3usistyle slightlv more than twice the basal width,
rounded, the apical lobe developed and bearing two short and very thick set,ae
at apex, the upper one can be blunt or curved at apex (in some specimens there
cm
be an additional scta curved at apex) ; internal lateral margin with a group
of foliaceous, curved setae which deer-case in size as they approach apex ; body of
basistrle with two tufts of differentiated setae. one of them is on t,he side but the
other is subapical. Mesosome with a short,, curved upper horn, the lateral margin
with a protuberance which is strongly sclerotized and from which many laminate.
pointed and very united teeth emerge. Tenth sternite with sparsely sctose apex,
t,he setae weakly sclerotixed.
t?tpa linknown.
Larva - (fig. 280). Head broader than long, the tufts with three to five hairs.
Antenna spiculose, the tufts multiple and on apical third.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.3. - 2 - 1.1.3. Eighth segment
with the scales free and in a patch ; siphon four times the basal width, the pecten
of a few scales on basal fifth but with six multiple tufts beyond it. Anal segment
with a saddle-shaped plate ; dorsal hairs 1 + 3 ; ventral brush dense. Rranchiat:
two, short, blunt.
7ype locality - Bahamas
(H. IV. I.). Type in G. S. K. R/I.

I)istribution

: Virgin

Bahamas

: U. S. A., Florida.

Islands

Puerto

Rico.

2i9.
Fig.

259.

Culex

Fir.

2RO.

Larva.

1906

Cukx

Dyar

1915

Howard,

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

1938

OConnor

syn.

1915

240.
(Culrx)
Head

Culex

J.

& Knab,

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Cukz

nntl

Am.,

& Knab,

abdominal

habilitador
Y.

Mon.,

Ent.
3

MOF.

SW.,

Ser.,

1906.

Dyar
14

JInlc

segments.

genitalia.

Original.

Original.

Iinab, 1906.

&

212.

261.
189.

361.

& Reatty,
ewmiia

N.

Dyar

terminal

(Culex)

& Knab,

Dyar

bahammsis

Trans.
Howard,

R.

Sot.

Dyer

Trop.
& Knab,

Med.
Mon.,

& Hyg.,
3

31

413.

261.

Pemnle
Proboscis the length of fore femur, dark, a large ventral white
patch in the middle nearly forming a band. Palpus dark, twice the length of
clypcus. AIntenna filiform, as long as proboscis. Occiput with dark erect scales,
white ones on margin and mentum.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe. with dark scales and setae. Mesonotum w&h dark,
bronzy scales, without a pattern, sides and prescutellar region with yellowish
scales. Scutellum with brown and yellowish scales. Pleura brown, a single mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark. Femora whitish ventrally.
Tarsi with narrow white rings on
joints.
Abdomen : Tergites blackish with narrow basal white bands on segments.
Halterc whitish .
Male Proboscis longer than fore femur, the white beyond articulation
and nearly forming a ring. Palpus acuminate, longer than proboscis by nearly
the last two segments which arc sparsely setose. Antenna moderately plumosc.
Genitalia : (fig. 281). Basistyle elongate, the apical lobe little dcvelopcd and
with two long setae inserted on a developed base, the lower smaller. Distist,yle
short and thickened in the middle. Claw subterminal and developed. Mesosome
(Dyar, 1928) plate broad, thin, denticulate on the edge, with a very long tooth
from base, twice as long as the plate. Parameres and basal plates normal. Tenth
sternites stout, tufted with fine spines.

326

CULEX

Pupa - (fig. 282). Tube elongate, slightly flared at apex. Tuft A small and
in a three branched tuft on segments III-VII
; B as long or longer than segment
in V-VII,
in V with five branches, in VI and VII double. Paddle twice the length
of segment VIII.

Fig.

282.

Culex
dorsal

(C&X)
habilitator
Dyar
and tube.
Original.

& Knah,

1906.

Pupa.

Abdominal

segments,

Larva - (fig. 283). Head with darker integument on the sides. Antenna
sparsely spiculose, the tuft on distal third.
Prothoracic formula 3.2.1. - 1. - 3.2.1. Body nude. Lateral comb of the
eighth segment with two or three rows of about 50 scales. Siphon eight times broa-

283.

281.
Fig.

281.

Fig.

28.3.

Culex
(Culex)
habilitator
Dyar
tion of basistyle
and dististyle.
Head

and

siphon.

& Knab.
Original.

1906.

Male

genitalia.

Apical

por-

327

dest width, the pecten on basal fourth ; three small double hairs beyond pecten.
Anal segment ringed by plate ; dorsal tuft 3 + 1. Gills four.
Type 2ocaZity S. Domingo.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution S. Domingo
: Virgin Islands : St. Croix.

Culex
1923
1925
1928
syn.

(Culex)

Evans, 1923.

maracayensis

C&z Evans, An. Trop. Med. & Par., 17 : 102.

Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 234.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 362.
1924 Culex (Culez) aghschws Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 12

121

1925 Dyar, id., 13

21, 213.

Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark, a broad white ring beyond
the middle. Palpus dark, twice the length of clypeus. Occiput with dark and
yellowish scales intermixed, white scales on ocular margin and mentum.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with yellowish scales and setae. Mesonotum dark
brown, without a pattern, whitish scales on sides and prescutellar region. Scutellum
with whitish scales. Pleura brown.
Legs dark. Femora and tibiae white underneath, also femoro tibia1 joints.
Tarsi with broad white rings on joints.
Abdomen : Tergites with narrow basal white bands on segments.
MaZe Proboscis the length of fore femur, a white ring at base of distal
third. Palpus longer than proboscis by the last two segments which are plumose;
thickened and have basal-white rings ; I and II whitish at base. Tarsi with white
rings on joints. First five abdominal segments with basal, narrow, white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 284). Apical lobe of basistyle ending in a narrow protuberance
having, at apex, two long setae curved at apex, the body of lobe with three short
hairs. Second Dlate of mesosome with the upper horn stout and pointed, the margin
with two groubs of small teeth.

285.

284.
Fig. 284. -

Culex (Culex) maracay-ensis

Evans,
basistyle and mesosome. Original.

Fig. 285. -

Larva.

Head

and terminal

1923.

abdominal

Male

segments.

genitalia.

Upper

lobe of

Original.

Unknown.
Pupa Larva - (fig. 285). Head broader than long, the tufts in four. Antenna long,
the tuft on outer third.

328

Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. - 2. - 1.1.3. Body nude. Lateral comb of

the eighth segment of many scales. Tube nearly five times the broadest width,
spiculose on apical fifth, the pecten on basal third followed bv five multiple tufts.
Anal segment ringed by the plate which is spiculose on dorso aiical surface ; dorsad
hairs 1 + 3 ; pecten dense. Gills four, short.
Type locality - Venezuela,
Maracay. Type in t,he Hungarian Museum.
Distribution Venezuela,
Maracay : Colombia,
Barranquila,
Bogot&,
Apulo, Puerto Berrio. Apparently restricted to this center.

Culex
1943

Culex

(Cdez)

Andum,

(Culex)
Rev.

Anduze, 1943.

It,eauperthuyi

S. A. S.,

Venrzuelz,

8 .

469.

Female - Proboscis slightly shorter than fore femur. Palpus dark, a little
longer than clypeus. Antenna &h
yellowish torus, darker internally.
Occiput
with narrow, golden scales.
Thorax : Integument light brown. Pronotal lobe with golden scales and
sctae. Mesonotum with the scales not forming a pattern ; covered with curved,
golden scales, the sides and prescutellar depression with whitish scales. Scutellum
with golden scales and 5-S-5 setae. Pleura with a single lower mesepimtral seta and
groups of white scales in middle of sternopleura and mesepimeron.
Legs dark except femora and tibiae internally also apex and base of hind
tarsus I ; tarsi with dist,inct rings of white scales on joints.
Abdomen with broad basal white bands on tergites. Sternites with basal
dark bands, the rest, whitish.
MaEe - Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of last two segments ;
II and III with a vent,ral white patch, IV and V with a basal white ring. Antenna
reaching apex of segment III and densely plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 286). Basistyle elongate, the apical lobe with three lower
setae, one is shorter and ends in a sharp point, the longer ones end in curved points ;
apically there are two or three thicker pointed setae ; between these there are
numerous smaller setae which occupy all the surface of the lobe up to base. Mesosome with numerous t$ecth on mid plate, they are inserted nearly over all the external margin and end apirally in a larger longer tooth ; upper horn short and
straight. Tenth sternitc weakly sclerotized with sparse setae at apes and spiculose
on 1:1teral margin.
Pupa - Tube with over three times greatest width.
Abdominal segments VI-VIII
with short and small hairs. Paddle a little
over twice the length of segment, VIII.
Larva Anduze (1943) : Cabeza sub-globular ; antenas graudes y
gruesas en la base, atenuadas apical, donde hay cuatro espinas largas y un pequefio
artcfacto truncado. En el coda hay un gran mechrin de pelos y una espina corta en
tridente. La parte m&s gruesa tiene muchas espinas. Los pelos occipitales inferiorcs
y superiores, en mechones de 5-6 pelos. Integumento de1 t$rax y abdomen piloso.
El octave segment0 abdominal tiene una mancha triangular dc dicntes espinados.
El sif6n Iargo, finamente espinado hasta el cuarto apical, donde las espinas se hacen
m&s fuertes, dejando la parte apical sin espinas. Ventral se encuentran cinco pares
de mechones mliltiplos y dos hileras de diez dientes largos, agudos, con dos ganchos
que parten de la base. Silla anal rodeando el segmento, csclcrosada y finamente
espinada. En partes se ven las espinitas coma reunidas en grupos de cuatro. Cepillo
dorsal, dos pares de pelos largos simples y dos pares de mechones de cerdas largas.
Cepillo ventral, siete pares de mechones de pelos largos. En ninguna de las exuvias
pude observar 10s hranquios.
Type locality - Venezuela,
State of Carabobo, Borburata.
Types in the
Institute of Hygiene of Venezuela.
Disfriblction - Venezuela
and Bras& State of Bahia.

329

CULES

---

_~

Sate - This species is very close to C. nzaracayensis. The only difference

which we noted in t,he male genitalia was the dense pilosity over all the apical lobe
of basistyle. The adults are, however, quite different as can be seen bv the keys.
The larvae do not seem to show differential characters. The extension of this
species into the State of Bahia is very interesting as it enlarges considerably its
distribution.

286.

Cules

(Cults)

saltanensis

IIyar,

1928.

Female Unkno\vn.
Jilal~ - Dyar (1928) : - Tarsi dark, with minute white rings at the joint,s.
Proboscis wit,h a small white ring near the middle. Palpi with white marks at
middle of long joint and at bases of the last two.
Genitalia : (fig. 287). .4pical lobe of basistyle with about, ten slender, pointed
sctac, the apes ending in two thick, short rods, the upper one blunt, the lower
one longer than the upper and point.ed. Second plate of mesosome wit,h the uppct
horn long and slender, margin with many pointed teeth leaving only a small space
befort the lower horn which is short and blunt.
Yupa and larva Unknown.
Province of Salta, Camp0 Santo de Salta.
Type locality -4rgentinq
Type in U. S. N. AI.
Note - The type is a whole mosquito mount~ed on a slide>.

330

1909
1915
1918
1925
1928

Culex (Cukx) Dyar & Xnnb, Smiths. Misc. Coils., Quar. Iss., 52 : 258.
Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mon., 3 : 235.
Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 : 100.
Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 239.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 384.

Culex

(Culex)

duplicator

Dyar & Knab, 1909.

Female - Proboscis the length of fore femur, a white ring beyond the middle.
Occiput with golden scales, white ones on margin and mentum.
Thorax : Mesonotum with brown scales and an indistinct pattern of yellowish
ones. Scutellum with yellowish scales. Pleura with brown integument.
Legs dark. Femora and tibiae white ventrally, large femoro tibia1 and t,ibio
tarsal white marks. Tarsi with broad white rings on joints.
Abdomen : Tergites with white basal bands on tergites.
Male - Proboscis longer than fore femur, a white ring beyond the middle.
Palpus with extensive white marking on underside, III and IV with white rings
at base and sparsely pilose. Antenna moderately plumose, as long as proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 288). Basistyle with apical lobe undivided, the lower seta
shorter and straight, the median one longer than the other, the apex curved ; base
densely covered with pilosity. Second plate of mesosome with an upper horn and
a large number of spaced teeth ; the lateral margin with numerous teeth.

289.

288.
Fig. 288. -

Culex

Fig. 289. -

Culex (Culex)

Fig. 290. -

Larva.

(Culex)

duplicator
bonneae

Terminal

290.
Dyar

Dyar

abdominal

& Knab,
segments.

Pupa and larva Unknown.

Type locality Santo
Domingo.
Distribution Santo
Domingo

Culex

(Culex)

& Knab,

bonneae

1909.

1919.

Xale

genitalia.

Nale genitalia.

Original.

Original.

Original.

Type in U. S. N. hf.
and Haiti.

Dyar & Knab, 1919.

1919 Culez Dyar & Knab, Ins. Ins. Mens., 7 : 3; 1923 Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, id., 11 :
1925 Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 237.
1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 385.

1%.

Female - Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, blackish. Palpus twice
the length of clypeus. Occiput with forked dark scales intermixed with yellowish
ones, white scales on margin and mentum.

331

CULEX

Thorax : Pronotal lobe with yellowish setae and scales. Mesonotum with
yellowish integument and very slender scales ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae
short. Scutellum with whitish scales in the middle. Pleura yellowish.
Legs brown.
Abdomen : Tergites dark, without bands but with large basolateral white
spots.
illale - Palpus longer than proboscis by the last two segments which are
acuminate and sparsely setose. Antenna moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 289). Basistyle with the apical lobe bearing three setae, the
two upper ones curved at apex ; the upper division represented by seven short setae
which are very united. Mesosome with the upper horn developed and surpassing
the plate which is formed by numerous united and pointed teeth.
Pupa - Tube flared at apex, thick. Hair B on segments IV and V twice as
long as segment. Paddle nearly three times the length of segment VIII.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - Head rounded, slightly bulging at the sides ; antennae not as long as head, a tuft beyond the middle, the part beyond it more slender, basal part spinulated.
Body spiculose.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (inserted in a single sclerotixed plate) 1 - 1.2.1. (fig. 290). Lateral comb of the eighth segment formed by three rows
of free scales. Siphon curved, less than three times the broadest width, pecten
starting quite beyond base and nearly reaching apex, formed by long teeth, four
long double or trrple tufts within the pecten and followed by a single long seta.
Anal segment ringed by the plate ; dorsal setae 1 + 2. Gills four, longer than the
segment.
Type locality Surinam,
Lawa river, Compagnie des Mines dOr.
Type
in U. S. N. M.
Type locality Surinam
: Bras&
States of Amazonas and Par&

.Culex

(Culex)

coronator

coronator

Dyar

& Knab, 1906.

1906 C&x Dyar & Knab, J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 14 : 215.

1915 Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mon., 3 : 386.
1922 Dyar. Proc. U. 5. Nat. Mue., 62 : 16.
1925 Bonne t Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 225.
1927 Root, Am. J. Hyg., 7 : 577.
1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 387.
1931 Martini, Rev. Ent., 1 : 216.
1931 Shannon, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 33 : 9.
1932 C. Pinto, Rev. Med. Cir., 40 : 294.
1936 Lane, Rev. Mus. Paul., 20 : 188.
1939 Senevet & Abonnenc, Ar. Ins. Pasteur Alperie, 17 : 73.
syn. 1901 Culex cingulatus Theobald (net Fabricius), Mon. Cul., 2 : 5.
1908 Peryassd, OS Cul. Brazil, 200.
1918 Culex ousquu and usquutus Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 : 99, 122.
1922 Cules usquutissimus Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 10 : 19.
1922 Culex ousqua and usquutus Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 10 : 18, 19.
1943 Culex albertoi Anduze, Bol. Ent. Ven., 2 : 193.

Female - Proboscis the length of fore femur, dark except for a large white
ventral spot which nearly forms a ring. Palpus twice the length of clypeus. Antenna one fourth longer than proboscis. Occiput with narrow, golden scales, the
forked ones brown.
Thorax : Integument brown. Mesonotum densely covered with bronzy scales
and white ones on the sides and anteriorly which also extend to the prescutellar
depression, above it two spots forming a distinct pattern. Scutellum with white
scales. Pleura with narrow curved scales on posterior pronotum, broad white

332

ones on sternopleura, below and on the middle ; mescpimeron with mid and upper
setae, the lower with one or two setae.
Legs dark except femora and tibiae internally and the femoro tibia1 and
tibio tarsal joints which are whitish. Tarsi with broad white rings on joints.
Abdomen with broad basal white bands on tergites. Sternit#es with narrow
basal bands.
Male - Proboscis with a white ring beyond middle. Antenna plumose and
reaching t,he apex of palpal segment III.
Palpus with basal white rings, III with
an extensive lower and median white spot.
setae at
Genitalia (fig. 291) : Basistyle having a group of differentiated
apex, they are long or short,, dense or sparse ; apical lobe with thicker setae at
base and shorter, more slender ones at apex, the apical setae slender or broadened,
their number variable ; there can be or not a small group of setae beyond the apical
lobe. Mesosome with upper horn longer than the median teeth, these varying in
number. Tent.h sternite weakly sclerotized and with sparse hairs.
Pupa - More sclerotized dorsally and on the first abdominal segments. Tube
six times the basal width, blackish at basal third. Group of setae on cephalothoras
with small hairs.

Fig. 291. -

Culex (Culex)
coronator eoronator Dyar & Knab, 1906.
Upper lobe of btlsistyle, dististyle and mesosome. Original.

Male

genitalia.

Abdomen : (fig. 292 .-I). Hair C on segments II-VI multiple, half the kngt h
of stlgmcnt ; 13on II and III half the length of segment,, in 11 triple, in V and
VI double and longer than segment ; hair A simple on II, short and double in III-VI,
in VII half as long as scgmcnt. Paddle two and a half times the lcngt,h of segment
VIII and with two minute apical spicules.
Lartn - (fig. 292 13). Head broader than long, with charartcristic darker
spots, the tufts multiple. Antenna spiculose on basal two thirds, the tuft, at base of
apical third ; apical third blackish and ending in long s&se.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) -- 2 - 1.1.2;3.
Siphon eight times the basal width and ending in a subapical crown of spines, pect,en

on basal third followed by three double or triple tufts. Scales of segment VIII in a
triangular patch. Anal segment broader than long, dorsal setae (2 + l), the lateral
ones double.

292.

Fig.
Fit.

292. A. 292.

Il.

a.

292. e.

Culex (Culex) coromtor

minal segments, dorsal.
Lal%i.

Dgnr

coronator

& Knah,

1906.

Pupa.

Original.

Head and terminal

abdominal segments.

Origind.

The subapical crown of spines in the

described one of these types as C. albe&.
siphon also shows much variation as to number of elements.
Culex

(Culex)

coronator

1925 Culez Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mena., 13

camposi

Dyar,

1925.

28.

Female - Similar to coronator coronator.

Male - Shows a great reduction in the number of sctae on the apical lobe
of basistyle.

334

Pupa and larva - Unknown.

Type locality - Equador.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Equador.
Note - We consider this form as a subspecies of coronator due to the reduction
of setae on apical lobe of basistyle and its restricted zoogeographical distribution.
We have also noted that, in the type material there are males with long and
others with short wings. All the females have a long wing which measures about
one and a half times the length of the abdomen.

Culex

(Culex)

brevispinosus

Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, 1920.

: 121.

1920 Cules (Culez) Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, Ins. Ins. Mens., 8

1925 Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 234.
1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 389.
sp. af. 1934 Townsend, Rev. Ent., 4 : 490.

Female Proboscis slightly shorter than fore femur, dark. Palpus twice
the length of clypeus. Occiput with dark erect scales intermixed with yellowish
ones, on ocular margin and mentum they are white.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with bronzy scales and setae. Mesonotum
bronay. Scutellum yellowish. Pleura greenish ; a single mesepimeral and a tuft
of white scales on upper mesepimeron.
Legs dark. Femora whitish ventrally ; very small femoro tibia1 and tibio
tarsal white marks on joints. Tarsi dark.

294.

293.

Fig. 293. -

Culex

(Culex)

brevispinosus

Bonne & Bonne-Wepster,

1920.

Nale genitalia.

Original.
Fig.

294.

Lax-a.

Head

and terminal

abdominal

segments.

Original.

Abdomen : Tergites blackish with basolateral white spots.

Male - Proboscis dark except for a lower spot of white scales which nearly
forms a ring beyond middle. Palpus longer than proboscis by last and half the
penultimate segments, the segments with spots of white scales below. Antenna
densely plumose, as long as proboscis. Abdomen with basal bands.

335

Genitalia : (fig. 293). Basistyle three times the basal width, apical lobe
with three straight setae on columnar process ; upper division nearly fused with
the columnar process, formed by six or seven foliaceous setae, there is apically
sparse pilosity. Dististyle short, thick, basally thickened.
Mesosome with the
plate ending in a characteristic protuberance which is T shaped and similar to
C. mdis, the external margin with ten or eleven pointed and spaced teeth.
Pupa Tube eight times the basal width, darker before the middle and
slightly expanded at apex. Other characters unknown.
Larva - (fig. 294). Head broader than long, without darker spots, the tufts
multiple. Antenna spiculose on the two basal thirds, smooth beyond the tuft.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.3. Siphon seven
times the basal width, the pecten on basal fourth and followed by a small triple
tuft and a simple hair. Scales of segment VIII in a patch. Anal segment longer
than broad ; dorsal setae (2 + 1) ; laterals double and small.
Type locality Surinam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Surinam
: Colombia
: Brad,
State of Amazonas.

Culex
1915
1915
1925
1928

(Culex)

sphinx

Howard, Dyar & Knab,

Culez (Cukz) Howard, Dyar $ Knab, Mon., 3 : 301.

Dyar & Knab, Ins. Ins. Mens., 3 : 114 ; 1918 Dyar, id., 6
Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 221.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 390.

Female the length of

intermixed.

1915.

100.

Proboscis slightly shorter than fore femur, dark. Palpus twice

clypeus.
Occiput with golden erect scales and white ones

296.

Fig. 295. -

Culex (Culex) sphinx Howard, Dyar & Knab, 1915.

ktale genitalia.
lobe of basistyle, tenth sternite and mesosome. Original.

Fig. 296. -

Larva.

Head and terminal

Upper

abdominal segments also tube of pupa. Original.

Thorax : Pronotal lobe yellowish. Mesonotum with yellowish integument,

and light bronzy scales, whitish ones on prescutellar region. Scutellum with whitish
scales. Pleura brown, a single mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark, femora whitish ventrally.
Abdomen with dark tergites having basolateral white spots.
_WaZe Proboscis dark, a little longer than fore femur, slightly swollen
at apex. Palpus longer than proboscis by only the half of the last segment, dark,
light$er at base, sparsely setosc. Antenna a little shorter than proboscis and moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 295). Apical lobe of basistyle with three setae on columnar
process, the lower shorter and curved at apex, the upper one, the longest and blunt
at apex : upper division formed by two foliaceous setae separated from a foliaceous
seta and a long, pointed, slender one. Tuft of tent#h sternite sparse, the elements
broad. Mesosome with simple plates.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 296). Head broader than long, the tufts of four or five setae.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (on a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.3.
Lat.eral comb of segment, VIII
formed by many scales in a patch. Siphon more
than four times broadest width, the pecten over basal third ; a short double tuft
within pecten, another double one just, beyond it, a single preapical hair ; dorsally
a short double tuft and a single hair. Anal segment broader than long, ringed b.y
the plate ; dorsal setae (2 + 1). Gills very short and pointed.
Type totality Bahamas
(B. W. I.). Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribl&o?t - That of type locality.

Culex
1918

Culex

(Cdez)

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

1931

Shannon,

Dyar,

(Culex)
Ins.

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

Am.,

Proc.

Ins.

surinamensis

Mens.,

Mos.

Sur.,

Dyar, 1918.

121.

230.

388.
Ent.

Sot.

Wash.,

33 :

9.

Female - Proboscis dark except for a broad and large lower spot which, in
some specimens, nearly forms a ring. Palpus dark, twice the length of clypeus.
Antenna with yellowish torus ; flagellum little longer than proboscis. Occiput
with narrow, golden scales, the forked ones bronzy.
Thorax : Integument, light brown. Pronotal lobe covered with whitish scales.
Mesonotum densely covered with yellowish scales except for a pattern formed by
a short anterior longitudinal stripe, four lateral spots and the prescutellar depression
which are covered with whitish scales. Scutellum white scaled. Pleura with upper
portion of the posterior pronotum with slender, curved, golden scales ; st.ernopleura
with white scales below and in the middle ; mesepimeron with scales of t,his color
in the middle and on top, there are two lower mesepimeral setae.
Legs dark except the femora and tibiae internally, the femoro tibia1 and tibio
tarsal joints which are white. Tarsi with disCnct rings on joints.
Abdomen with broad basal white bands on tergites. Sternites with blackish,
narrow apical bands, the rest white.
Male - Proboscis a little longer than fore femur, dark except for a broad
white ring beyond the middle, little thickened at apex ; labellum whitish. Palpus
longer than proboscis by more than the length of the last segment which is dark
white scaled in middle of segment III and base of IV. Antenna as long as proboscis,
strongly plumose. Pattern of mesonotum less distinct than in female. A single
mesepimeral seta. Abdomen quite pilose.
Genitalia : (fig. 297). Apical lobe with three straight rods in columnar
process followed by a compact group of seven setae, the upper ones hooked and also
an apical narrow, foliaceous striated seta. Mid plate of mesosome with seven
elongate teeth, lower horn straight, and short ; between the horn and the teeth
there is a notch. Tenth sternite with short apical setae.

Pupa Unknown.
Laroa (fig. 298). Head broader than long, the tufts multiple.
hntenna
longer than length of head, spiculose, even beyond the tuft.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.2/3. Body nude.
Pecten of segment VIII with a compact group of about t,hirty free scales. Siphon
seven times the basal width, the pecten with fifteen scales and six tufts of which
three are inserted beyond, two of t)hese are more spaced and all of them are multiple,
the last tuft is simple. ,4nal segment ringed by plate which is broader than long
and saddle-shaped, the whole segment is finely spiculose ; dorsal setae (1 + 3) ;
lateral setac t,wo, very small.

297.

298.

Fig.

297.

Culex
(G&x)
basistyle
and

Fin.

298.

Larva.

Type locality

Distributim
Coastal Region.

surinamensis
Dyar,
mesosome.
Original.

Head

and

Surinam,
Surinam

Culex
1928

Culez

(Culez)

1930

Shannon,

terminal

Dyar,

6.~ Reun.

Mos.
Sot.

Arg.

abdominal

Marowine

Bolivia

(Culex)
9m.,

1918.

SIale

segments.

genitalia.

Guianas:

maxi

Dyar,

lobe

of

Original.

and Lawa rivers.

Upper

Brasil,

Type in U. S. S. Jf.
Middle States of

1928.

386.
Pat.

Reg.

N.,

496.

Female Proboscis wit,h a broad white ring beyond the middle, slightly
longer than fore femur. Palpus twice t,he length of clypeus. Occiput with narrow
golden scales, the forked ones bronzy.
Thorax with light brown integument. Pronotal lobe with white scales Mesonotum densely covered wit,h short, curved, yellow, golden scales except, on the
sides and prescutellar region where they are whitish ; acrostichal, dorsocentral
and supralar setsac yellowish.
Pleura with upper region of posterior pronotum
bearing slender, curved, golden scales ; sternopleura wit.h white scales in the middle
and below ; mesepimeron with white scales in the middle and above.

338

Legs dark except the femora and tibiae internally and femoro tibia1 and tibio
t,arsal joints which are white. Tarsi with small white rings on joints.
Abdomen dark ; the tergites with basal spots nearly forming bands.
iWale - Palpus dark except segments II to IV at base and on large median
spot on III which are white scaled. Antenna strongly plumose and a little beyond
palpal segment III.
Abdomen with broad basal bands on tergites.
Genitalia : (fig. 299). Basistyle with one or two differentiated setae at apex,
internally; apical lobe with divisions fused, above with two slightly thicker setae,
below with five straight setae expanded at tip. Mid-plate of mesosome with four
to six developed, short, thick, blunt teeth ; lower horn straight, the space between
the teeth and the horn without a notch. Tenth sternite with few, slightly sclerotized setae.

-.
-3
-.
_ -_
--_
_--_

z;

300.
Fig.

299.

Culex
(Culex)
maxi
tyle and mesosome.

Dyar,
1928.
Original.

Male

Fig.

300.

(Culex)
airosai Lane,
1945.
Male
Culex
tyle and dististyle
mesosome.
Original.

Pupa and larva Unknown.

Type locality - Argentina,
Tucuman.
Distribution Argentina,
Tucuman

genitalia.

genitalia.

Upper

Upper

division

of

basis-

division

of

baris-

Type in U. S. N. M.
Bahia and Rio Grande do

: Bras&

Sorte.
Group

Culex
1945

Culez

(Culez)

Lane,

Rev.

(Culex)
Ent.,

16

airosai

Lane, 1945.

204.

Female - Proboscis dark, a white ring beyond the middle which may not be
complete. Palpus blackish, one and a half times the length of clypeus. Occiput
with blackish integument, proclinate and ocular setae golden, narrow white and
yellowish forked scales intermixed.
Thorax with dark brown, nearly blackish, integument.
Pronotal lobe with
golden setae and scales. Mesonotum with .lighter integument on the sides and two
longitudinal blackish stripes ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae short, brown,
the humeral and supralar ones long and golden ; with dark brown scales except

339

CULES

on the sides and in front where there are yellowish white ones advancing in the
middle of the disk, there are also small groups nearly forming spots ; prescutellar
region with white scales. Scutellum white scaled. Pleura having groups of white
scales on upper portion of sternopleura and mesepimeron.
Legs dark, femora lighter internally ; apical white rings on femora and tibiae.
Tarsi with white rings on the joints.
Abdomen with blackish tergites except for basal bands of white scales. Sternites basally white, apically black.
Male - Proboscis with a white ring beyond the middle. Palpus longer than
proboscis by the length of the last two joints. Antenna shorter than proboscis,
plumosity long and dense.
Genitalia : (fig. 300). Basistyle elongate, setose, the apical lobe formed only
by the protuberances resulting from the insertion of the three setae which are in
a row ; the first of them is long and ends in a point, the second is leaf like and the
third is very slender and ends in a point. hlesosome with the upper horn smooth
and with seven or eight teeth and one or two spicules. Ninth tergite densely pilose.
Unknown.
Plhpa and larva Type ZocaEity- Brasil,
State of Amazonas, Paruary river. Type in F. H.
Distribution That of type locality.

CuIex
1945

Cdex

(Culex)

1950

Stone,

Rev.

Lane,
Ent.,

(Culex)

Rev.
21

Ent.,

16

foliaceus

Lane, 1945.

206.

237.

Female - Proboscis and palpus dark. Palpus two and a half times the length
of clypeus. Occiput with golden, narrow scales, the forked ones blackish.
Thorax : Integument dark brown. Pronotal lobe with golden setae and
scales. Mesonotum lighter at the sides, anteriorly and in the middle ; with two
longitudinal median lines of blackish integument ; covered with bronzy scales
except for a pattern of golden ones on the sides and over root of wing and two
median spots which fuse with the lateral stripe, scales of this color on the sides of
prescutellar depression ; acrostichal setae short, two or three pairs of long dorsocentral setae present. Scutellum with golden scales.
Abdomen dark brown, the tergites having basolateral spots formed by urhite
scales. Sternites with basal white stripes, the rest dark.
Legs dark except the femora on basal two thirds and apex of femora and
tibiae which are white. Tarsi dark.
Haltere with yellow stem, the knob a little darker.
MaZe - Proboscis one sixth longer than fore femur, dark brown. Palpus
longer than proboscis by two thirds the length of last segment, dark except at
base of segments where there are white scales. Ant,enna plumose. Abdomen dark
with basal bands of white scales on tergites.
Genitalia : (fig. 301). Columnar process of apical lobe of basistyle prominent
setose at base and with three set,ae at apex, the lower is the shortest and the upper
one the longest, lowest is blunt at apex, the others end in a curved point ; besides
these three differentiated setae t,here are two broad, large leaves, the lower one
being the largest. Mesosome with the median horn at right angles, ending in eight
subapical teeth, the upper margin with an elongate horn. Ninth tergite with a
nearly even interlobar space and seven setae on each lobe.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva Charact,ers taken from Stone (1950) : Head : Anteantcnnal
tuft multiple, weakly plumose, slightly shorter than antenna ; upper and lower
head hairs bifid or trifid, plumose ; postclypeal hair single, very slender ; sutural
and trans sutural hairs with 3-4 slender branches ; orbital and subantennal hair
long, double or triple ; infraorbital hair small, 4-branched ; subbasal hair long, 5
branched ; preclypeal spines slender, pale. Antenna with tuft near outer fourth ;

340
-

CULEX
^____ _

~~_

302.

301.
Fig.

301.

Fig. 302. -

Culex

(Culex)

fuliaccus

Lane,

1945.

genitalia.

Mnle

Original.

Larva. Head and terminal abdominal segments. (Based on Stone, 1950,

Rev. Ent., 21 : 237, 238).

basal three fourths sparsely spiculate, the portion beyond tuft slightly narrowtxl,
smooth ; antenna1 tuft multiple, plumose.
Abdomen : Integument non-spiculate ; lateral hair on segment I triple, on
II to VII single or double. Comb of segment, VIII a patch of about 75 spatulate,
fringed scales in about four rows. Siphon : Index 5 to 5.25, slightly narrowed at
base and tapering slightly at apical third ; p&en on basal third of siphon of 10
to 14 scales, mostly with three lateral teeth ; siphonal tufts very small and weak
and rarely all present, but at most consisting of four pairs of bifid hairs, one in
line with pecten just before middle, one more laterad at about apical third, one
1:tterad near apical fifth, and one ventrad near apical tenth. Anal plate smooth,
ringing the segment, the lateral hair small, simple. Upper and lower caudal hairs
hoth simple, long, non plumose ; ventral brush of 11-12 tufts. :!nal gills moderately stout, the dorsal pair about as long as dorsal length of anal plate, the ventral
pair about three-fourths as long.
Type locality Brasil,
State of Rio Grande do Sorte, .W%. Type in S.F.A.
Distribution

Brad,

States of Iiio

Grande

do Nort,e, Bahia

and Per-

nambuco.

Culex

(Culex)

levi-castilloi

Lane, 1945.

1045 Cules (Culez) Lwe, Rev. Ent., 16 : 200.

Unknown.
dfale - Proboscis dark above, below whitish scaled and dark ones intermisecl
over whole length. Palpus dark with whit,e spots on joints of segments II and III
lower

portion of III, IV and V. Antenna plumose, a+~long as proboscis. Occiput

with curved, white scales and erect blackish ones.
Thorax : Integument brown. Pronotal lobe with white scales and blackish
setae. Mesonotum with bronzy, short, narrow scales, on sides and prescutcllar
region they are white. A single lower mesepimeral seta.
Female

341

CULEX
_ __

Legs dark except femora and tibiae internally and femoro tibia1 and tibio
tarsal joints which are whit,e. Hind tarsi with moderate white rings on joints.
Genitalia : (fig. 303). Columnar process of apical lobe with three setae, the
upper longest and both this and the median one with curved apex, the lower seta
shorter and blunt at apex ; upper division with a broad, developed, striated leaf,
above a foliaceous seta and below two narrower, distorted leaves which are fringed
in the middle. Mesosome with the lower horn curved downwards, the upper horn
small and short ; above there are three upturned teeth, laterally a large protuberant
t)ooth which is blunt at> apex and at right angles to the plate, the space bet,ween
the large tooth and protuberance is smooth. Tenth sternite with d&in&, strongly
sclerotized teeth.

Fig. 303. -

Cuber
(Cnlex)
Ievicastilloi
Lane,
basistyle, dististgle and mesosome.

Male
1945.
Original.

genitalia.

Pupa and larva Unknown.

Type in F. H.
Type locality - Equador.
Distribution - That of type locality.

C&x
1865
1910
1924
1928
syn.

(Culex)

apicinus

Philippi,

Upper

1865.

Culex PhilippI, Verh. ZOOI.- bot. Ges. Wien, 15 : 596.

Theobald, Mon. Cul., 5 : 399.
Aedee P Dyw, Ins. Ins. Mens., 12 : 130.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 360.
1914 Phalangomyta debilis Dyar & Iinab, Ins. Ins. Mew, 2: 58.
1918 CuEecescomeliBrethBs, Rev. Chliena H. N., 24 : 41.
1926 C. (P.) debi1i.sDyar. Ins. Ins. Mens., 14 : 42.
1928 C. (P.) escomeliand debilk Dyar, Mos. Am., 359.
1931 Culex (Phalagomyia) a&cola Martin], Rev. Ent., 1 : 216.

lobe of

342

Female Proboscis as long as fore femur, light brown, darker apically,

whitish underneath.
Palpus slightly longer than clypeus. Occiput with narrow
white scales and forked brown ones intermixed, on mentum white.
Thorax : Mesonotum yellowish brown, with dull brown scales and an indefinite pattern of white ones ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae very slender but
ones over root of wing stronger. Scutellum white scaled. Pleura with scales on
side of sternopleura and on mesepimeron which also has two lower setae.
Wing with white scales on costal vein.
Legs very long and slender, whole underside of femora whitish. Tarsi dark.
Abdomen dark, tergites with very broad white basal bands which, on last
segment, cover half the basal portion, no lateral white spots. Sternites white.
Male - Palpus longer than proboscis by nearly the length of the last segment,
with very narrow white spots. Antenna reaching base of last palpal segment,
strongly plumose, the whorls blackish, last segment pilose. Abdomen with large
broad basal bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 304). Basistyle with the lobe in the middle, the setae transversally placed on a blackened, strongly sclerotized base ; externally about eighteen
foliaceous setae, one of them smaller and hooked ; beyond the lobe a large digitiform protuberance on apex of which a very large differentiated seta is inserted
into a caliciform structure which is longer on one side ; apex of basistyle with a
patch of very long slender setae inserted on a sclerotized base. Dististyle snoutshaped on apical third. Mesosome with upper horn slender, pointed, lateral margin
with four or five blunt teeth at apex, one of them the largest, the rest smooth
except for a median triangular point.. Tenth sternite broad, with many strongly
sclerot,ized setae at apex.
Pupa Unknown.

304.
Fig.

ZO4.

Culex

l?ig.

305.

Larva.

Larva -

(Culex)
Head

(fig. 305).

305.
apicinus
and

Philippi,

terminal

1865.
abdominal

Nale

genitalia.

segments.

Original.

Original.

Head broader than wide, the tufts multiple.

Antenna

short.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 2.1.2 (on a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.3.
Lateral comb of segment VIII
formed by three rows of free scales. Siphon less
than three times broadest width, the pecten on basal third ; ten tufts of three
to five hairs from within pecten to near apex. Anal segment with a saddle shaped,
spiculose plate ; dorsal setae (1 + 3).

Type locality - Chile,

Sant,iago. Type
Distribution - Chile : Peru : Bolivia.

Culex
1929

Cukx

(Phalangomyiu)

(Culex)
Dyar,

Am.

343

diplophyllum
J. Hyg.,

Dyar,

1929.

9 : 509.

Femub A slender, long legged, large species. Proboscis the length of

fore femur, dark, whitish in the middle ventrally.
Palpus twice the length of
clypeus. Antenna as long as proboscis. Occiput with yellowish scales intermixed
with blackish, erect ones.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish. Mesonotum with brown integument and
broney scales ; two white spots in the middle besides whitish scales on anterior
margin ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae long ; prescutellar region
with white scales. Scutellum with white scales. Pleura brown, a single mesepimeral
seta and a bunch of scales on upper mesepimeron and sternopleura.
Legs dark. Femora whitish ventrally. Tarsi dark.
Abdomen with broad basal white bands on tergites.
Male - Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus dark and
longer than proboscis by length of last segment. Antenna sparsely plumose and
shorter than proboscis. Abdominal bands widened laterally.
Genitalia : (fig. 306). Columnar process with seta a shorter, slender and
straight, ; b hooked at apex, c longer and thicker, the apex blunt ; upper division
an elongate leaf, another smaller and more slender one and a slender seta between
the two leaves. Dististyle shorter than basistyle, apex thickened, upper margin
spiculose. Tenth sternite sparsely pilose. Mesosome with the upper horn surpassing
the teeth ; teeth seven or eight and pointed ; lower horn straight $nd short.

306.
Fig.

306.

Culex
(Culex)
diplophyllum
Dyar,
lobe of basistyle,
tenth
sternite
at

Fig.

307.

Larva.

Head

and

terminal

1929.
apex

segments.

Male
genitalia.
and mesosome.

Dististyle
Original.

upper

Original.

Pupa Unknown.
Larva (fig. 307). Head broader than long, the tufts multiple. Antenna
with tufts on outer third, spiculose before tuft..
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.2. Body nude.
Lateral comb of segment VIII with many free scales in three or four rows. Tube
more than four times basal width, the pecten on basal third followed by four mul-

c c

344

I,

1:

tiple tufts and a single seta before apex. Anal segment ringed by the plate which
is spiculose on posterior margin ; dorsal setae (2 + 1) ; lateral setae three, small.
Type hdity
- Peru, Verrugas Canyon. Type in U. S. N. M.
Bisttibution - That, of type locality.

Culex

(Culex)

pipiens

fatigans

Wiedemann,

1828.

1828 Curer Wiedemann, Aus. Zweifl. Ins., 1 : 10.

1932 Edwards, Gen. Ills., 208 (with extensive reference list n:ld synonymy).

Female Proboscis dark, white scales below and in the middle. Palpus
twice the length of clypeus. (fig. 308). Antenna with light brown torus ; flagellum
one fifth longer t,han proboscis. Occiput with narrow golden scales, the forked ones
brown.

308.
Fig. 308. l?ig. 310. -

Calex

(C&X)

ture.

Original.

Pupa.

pipions fatigans Wiedemann,

1820.

Tube and abdominal segments, dorsal.

Buccopharyngeal

Original.

arma-

Thorax : Integument brown. Pronotal lobe with yellowish scales and brown
setae. Mesonotum with light yellow dull scales ; dorsocentral setae longer than
acrostichals, supralar setae long. Scutellum with scales as in mesonotum. Pleura
without scales on posterior pronotum and sternopleura above, a single mesepimeral
set,a.
Legs dark except femora and tibiae internally ; femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal
joints white. Tarsi dark.
Abdomen with basal bands on tergites, the sides with triangular white spots.
sternites with white scales.
81aZe - Proboscis nearly with a ring beyond middle, apparently articulated.
Palpus with a narrow ring on joint of segments II and III, dorsally dark and ventrally extensively covered with white scales, longer than proboscis by half the length
of penultimate and all the last segments. Antenna shorter t.han proboscis, plumosc.
Genitalia : (fig. 309). Columnar process with seta a blunt, b and c hooked at
apex, a and b thicker ; upper division with a leaf, a long seta, a thick one and
two setae which are shorter and more slender. Mesosome with upper horn very
long and developed, the lateral margin with a single tooth, lower horn long and
curved downwards.

Fig. 309. -

Culex (Culex) pipiensfatigans

Wiedemanu, 1828.
on Ross & Roberta, 1943, Mosquito Atlas, 1: 43).

Male genitalia.

(Based

Pupa - (fig. 310). Dorsum and first five abdominal segments darker in the
middle. Tube four times basal width, the base blackish.
Abdomen with hair I nearly as long as segment; hair B on segments II and
III double and two thirds the length of segment, in IV with four or five branches
and as long as segment, in V and VI double and longer than segment ; hair C in
II small and mult-iple, in III-VI
multiple, with five branches and three-fourths

.346

CULES

the length of segment, in VII with four branches and two thirds the length of
segment. Paddle two and a half times length of segment VII, with two terminal
spicules.
Larva - (fig. 311). Head darker basally, broader than long, the tufts multiple.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a single plate) - 2 1.1.2. Pecten of
segment VIII with the scales on a triangular patch. Siphon four times the basal
width, the pecten on basal third, with four multiple tufts beyond the pecten.
Anal segment nearly as broad as long, dorsal tuft (2 + 1) ; lateral hair single.

? ? ? ? ? Type ? in Holland ?.
Type locality Distribution - Tropical and sub-tropical regions of the World.
Habits Domestic species. Females markedly antropophilous.
Aquatic
stages passed chiefly in small pools and containers, specially of the artificial type.
Many other breeding places are also chosen.

Culex
1928

Culex

(Cdex)

Dyar,

Mos.

(Culex)
Am.,

interfor

Dyftr,

1928.

372.

Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark. Palpus twice the length
of clypeus. Antenna as long as proboscis. Occiput with yellowish scales and forked
black ones, on margin and mentum white scales.
Thorax with brown integument.
Pronotal lobe with yellowish scales and
setae. Mesonotum with narrow yellowish scales except on the sides ; prescutellar
region and two median spots of white scales forming a pattern. Scutellum with
white scales.
Legs dark, the femora whitish underneath ; femoro tibia1 joints also white.
Tarsi dark,
L

347

CULES

Abdomen dark but with basolateral white spots.

Male Proboscis longer than fore femur.
Palpus longer than proboscis
by last and half the penultimate segments. Abdomen with broad basal white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 312). Basistyle with apical lobe having three setae on columnar process, the upper ones hooked at apex, the lower smaller and straight ;
upper division with a leaf, nearly devoid of striation, large, broad ; beside it a
foliaceous seta, t-he apex hooked, above a slender, straight seta. Mesosome (in bad
condition).

313.

312.
Fig. 312. -

Cdex

(Culex)

and mesosome.
Fig. 313. -

Culex

(Culex)

Dyar,
Original.

interfor

1928.

Male genitalia.

Root, 1927.
Original.

acharistus

tyle and mesosome.

Male genitalia.

Upper lobe of basistyle

Upper lobe of basis-

and Zurva Unknown.

Type locality - Argentina,
Tucuman. Type in U. S. N. M.
Argentina
and Bolivia.
Distribution Pupa

Culex

(Culex)

1927 CuZex (Culez: Root, Am. J. Hyg., 7

acharistus

Root, 1927.

578.

Female - Root (1927) : - Proboscis brown, not white ringed. Mesonotum

brown scaled, with silvery scales along the sides, at edges of ante-scutellar depression, on scutellum, and in small patches on disk of mesonotum. Stem of second
marginal cell less than one fourth as long as cell. Legs brown, with white spots
at tips of femora and tibiae. Hind tarsi not definitely white ringed. Abdomen
brown with definite white basal bands dorsally on all segments.

c u

348
-_____

___~

_l.l____

Id

E x
-__.

illate - Proboscis dark, a few lighter scales in the middle, below. Palpus
exceeding proboscis by the length of half the penultimate and the last segment,
dark except IV below and very small rings on III and IV which are white scaled.
Occiput with narrow golden scales and brown forked ones.
Thorax : Integument light brown. Pronotal lobe wit>h sparse yellow scales
and setae. Mesonotum bronzy scaled except on prescutellar region where they
are whitish ; anterior acrostichals long, the dorsocent,rals in a row, shorter, supralars long. Scutellum white scaled. Pleura with white scales below and in the
middle, mesepimeron with white scales in the middle and above.
Legs dark, femora and fore and mid tibiae whitish below ; femoro tibia1 and
tibio tarsal joints, also the tarsi, with very narrow white rings, larger on hind tarsi.
Abdomen with basal broad white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 313). Apical lobe with three broad and united setae on
columnar process, the upper division with a hooked seta, a leaf and a straight seta.
Mesosome with upper horn elongate above into a hook-like filament ; below
with three lateral teeth, the two lower ones shorter and united, beyond these teeth
there is a smooth margin which ends in a large tooth which projects downwards ;
lower horn upcurved and longer than the upper one.
Pupa - (fig. 314). Dorsum and first four abdominal segments darker. Tube
six times t,he apical width, blackish on basal third. Cephalothoracic setae small.

Fig. 314. -

Culrx (Cnlex)
acharistus
11nd tube. Original.

Root,

1927.

Pupa.

dorsal
,~lxlon~inol aeoments.
_

Abdomen with hair B of segments IV-VI

double or triple and longer than
length of same, in VII slightly less than half the length of segment and triple ;
seta C half as long as segment on III, on IV-VI
as long or longer than segment
and multiple, in VII small ; hair A small and simple on segments II-III,
multiple
on IV-VII
; small on VIII.
Paddle (damaged).
Larua - Unknown.
Brasil,
State of Minas Gerais, Agua Limpa.
Type in
Type locality U. s. N. M.
Distribution - Brad,
States of Minas Gerais, S. Paul0 and Rio de Janeiro.

Culex
1901
1915
1921
1922
1928
1931

(Culex)

nigripalpus

Theobald, 1901.

Culex Theobald, Mon. Cul., 2 : 322.

Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mon., 3 :
Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, Ins. Ins. Mens., 9 : 22; 1921 Dyar, id., 9 : 28.
Root, Am. J. Hyg., 2 : 399 ; 1927 Root, id., 7 : 576.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 363.
Shannon, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 33 : 9.

-~

-__

__

CULEX

349

193!) Scnevet & Abonnenc, hr. Ins. Pasteur AlgBrie, 17 : 79.

hyn. 1903 Culex palus and similis Theobzld, Mon. Cul., 3 : 194, 207.
1905 Culex microsquamosus Grabham, Can. Ent., 37 : 407.
1906 Culez murtificator Dyar & Knab, J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 14 : 210.
1906 Culex carmodyae,factor and regulator Dyar & Knab, J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 14 : 210,212, 213
1907 Trichoponomyia
microannulata Theohald, Mon. Cul., 4 : 481.
19G9 C&x proximus Dyst.r, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 11 : 38.
1914 Culex prasinopleurus Martini, Ins. Ins. Mens., 2: 68.
carmodyae, sirnil& palus, factor, proximus and microsquamosusHoward,
1915 C. mortificutor,
Dyar & Knab, Mon., 3 : 254, 255, 339, 371, 377, 403.
1915 Culex caraibevs Howard, Dyar & Knab, id., 3 : 257.
1915 C. similis Dyar & Knab, Ins. Ins. Mens., 3 : 112 ; 1917 C. palus Dyar & Knab, id., 5 : 176.1
1918 C. inflictus vars. curmodyae and palus Dyar, Ins. Ins. LMens., 6 : 94, 95.
1921 C. palus, simalis, T. microannulata
and microsquamosus
Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, Ins
Ins. Mens., 9 : 18, 19. 21, 22.
1922 C. aimilis Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62 : 20.

316.
Fig. 3 15. -

Culex

(Culex)

nigripalpns

hasistyle and dististyle.

Fig. 316. -

Pnpa.

dhdominal

Theobald,
Original.

se:meuts, dorsal.

1901.

Xnle

Original.

genitalia.

~T~)i~~rlobe of

350

CULEX

Female - Proboscis dark with a lower white spot. Palpus dark, one and
a half times the length of clypeus. Antenna with light brown torus ; flagellum
one third longer than proboscis. Occiput with narrow golden scales and blackish
forked ones.
Thorax : Integument light brown. Pronotal lobe with golden scales and
black setae. Mesonotum with short, bronzy scales except on prescutellar region
where they are whitish ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae developed.
Scutellum white scaled. Pleura with two lower mesepimeral setae and white scales
on lower portion of sternopleura.
Legs dark except femora, tibiae and femoro tibia1 joints which are white.
Tarsi dark.
Abdomen with dark tergites except for broad basal white bands which form,
below, triangular spots. Sternite with white scales but darker at apex.
MaEe - Proboscis dark, a large lower white spot in the middle. Palpus with
last two segments exceeding proboscis, the segments white below. dntenna shorter
than proboscis, plumose. Abdomen with broad basal white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 315). Basistyle with three blunt setae on columnar process ;
upper division with a narrow leaf and a seta. Mesosome with large upper horn,
longer t,han teeth, spiculose, the internal angle setose ; lateral margin with four
large teeth, lower horn small, straight and curved downwards.
Pupa (fig. 316). Dorsum and first abdominal segments darker. Tube
dark brown, more so at base and apex, slightly broadened at apex, three times
basal width.
Cephalothorax with small tufts.
Abdomen with segment II having hair 1 longer than length of segment ; C. 1
with A triple, half as long as segment, in VII-VIII
multiple and small ; II-VI
multiple and with more elements in VIII ; hair B multiple in IV-V and nearly as
long &s segment, in VI-VII
double and longer than segment. Paddle three times
the length of segment VIII and with two t,erminal spicules.

Fig.

317. -

Culex (Culex)

nigripalpus

Theobald,

1901.

Lam

<.

Original.

351

CULEX

Larva (fig. 317). Head broader than long, the tufts multiple.
Antenna.
spiculose, broader on basal two thirds, blackish beyond tuft.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a plate), 2 1.1.3. Pecten of segment
VIII
with the scales on a triangular patch. Siphon more than six times basal
width, the pecten on basal third, four tufts beyond pecten, the third out of place.
Anal segment surrounded by t,he plate, nearly as broad as long ; dorsal setae
(2 + I), lateral seta single.
Type locality St. Lucia
(B. W. I.). Type in B. M.
Distribution From Mexico
to Brad.
U. S. A., Florida.
Not found
up to present
in Bolivia:
Paraguay:
Argentina
: Peru and Chile.

Culex
1901

Culex

Theobald,

1921

Dyar,

Ins.

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

syn.

1906

Ins.

Mens.,

Am.,

Culex

declarator,
14

1907

Culex jubilator
C. vindicator,

C. declarator

29

Culex
Dyar

:
;

Theobald, 1901.
id., 5 : 380.
Ronne-Wepster
& Bonne,
id., 9 . 21.

virgultus

123
1921

1910

inquisitor

& Knab,

dictator,

& Knab,

Wepster

Theobald,

and

Culex

proclamator

Dynr

& Knab,

J.

N.

T.

Ent.

211.

1915

1918

Cul.,

364.

sot.,

Dyar

(Culex)

Mon.

I5

201.

inquisitor,

264,

269,

Mon.,

266,

and C. proclamator

& Bonne,

id.,

declarator,

id., 9

1925

C. declarator

Bonne

1927

C. declarator

Root,

Am.

1928

C. declarator

Dyar,

Mos.

1939

C. declarator

Senevet

195

Dyar,

270,

Am.,

revelator

274,

Mos.

and

proclamator

Howard,

279.

Ins. Ins. Mens.,

1922 C&es

& Bonne-Wepster,
J. Hyg..

jubilator,
272,

7 : 97 ; 1921 C. declarator

bidens

Dyar,

Sur.,

219.

Ins.

Ins.

&fens.,

10 :

Bonnc190.

577.

375.

& Abonnenc,

Ar.

Ins.

Pasteur

AlgPrie,

17

76.

Female - Proboscis dark, a whit.e spot below. Palpus dark, twice the length
of clypeus. Antenna with brown torus ; flagellum one third longer than proboscis.
Occiput with narrow golden scales and yellow forked ones.
Thorax : Integument light brown. Pronot,al lobe with golden setae and brown
scales. Mesonotum with bronzy scales except on a small portion of prescutellar
region where they are golden white ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae
developed. Scutellum with golden white scales. Pleura with groups of white scales
on upper portion of sternopleura and mesepimeron which has a single lower seta.
Legs dark, femora, tibiae, femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal joints white. Tarsi
dark or with very narrow white rings on joints.

Fit.

318.

Culex
(CULL)
basistyle
and

virgultusTheobald,
mesosome.

Original.

101.

Jfale

genitalia.

Apical

lobe

of

352

I,

E S

Abdomen with basal bands on tergites, broadest in the middle and with basotriangular spots. Sternites white scaled.
Mule - Palpus surpassing length of proboscis by the t,wo apical segments,
with a narrow ring on joints of segments II and III
while, in II-IV
t,here are
lower spots, V with a basal spot. Proboscis a little longer than femur, dark, a ventral spot of white scales. Antenna densely plumose and nearly as long as proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 318). Basistyle wibh columnar process of apical lobe bearing
three united setae ; upper division with an expanded seta, a leaf and a straight,
narrow stlta. Mcsosomc with upper horn reduced, lateral margins with two or
t hrcbcb(rarely four) largcl, tlcveloped teeth, the upper ones always larger ; lower
horn curved downwards.
P,qa - (fig. 319). Slightly darker on dorsum and first abdominal segment.
Tube nine times apical width, curved and darker on basal two fifths.
Abdomen with hair C. 1 of segment II multiple and small ; hair C multiple
on III-VI,
double on VII and half the length of segment, ; hair B double and longer
t ban segment in IV-VI ; hair A double and short in III-VI,
simple in II and developed and four branrhed in VII-VIII.
Paddle slightly over twice the length of
segment \III,
with two terminal spicules.
lateral

Fig. 319. -

CUI~X (C&X)

virgultus Theobald,

7901.

Pupa.

-1bdominal se,zmrtlts, dorsal.

Originnl.

Larva - (fig. 320). Head broader than long, slightly darkened at base and
on the sides, a blackish and rounded spot before base of antenna, the tufts multiple.
Antenna spiculose on basal two thirds, the tuft dense, the apical third blackish and
slender.
Prot,horacic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a single plate) - 2 1.1.2. Segment
\I11 with the pectcn of many free scales on a triangular patch. Siphon four times
the basal widt,h, the pecten beyond the basal third, with two tufts beyond, a third
triple tuft out of line and finally a small double apical one. Anal segment ringed
by the plate which is slightly broader than long and very finely spiculose on upper
portion of posterior margin ; dorsal setae (2 + 1) ; a single small lateral hair.
Gills four, longer than the anal segment and pointed.
Ilype localit?/ - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro. Type in B. M.
Distrz%ution- From Mexico to Uruguay.

Culex
1908

Culez

1915

Howard,

1928

Dyar,

Dysr

Dyar
Mos.

(Culex)

& Knab,

Proc.

& Knah,

Am.,

pinarocampa
U.

Mon.,

S.Nat.
3

Mus.,

Dyar

Sz;Knab, 1908.

35 : 59.

251.

379.

Female -- Proboscis as long as fort femur, dark. Palpus twice the length
of proboscis. Occiput with dark, erect, scale intermixed with white ones.
Thorax. -. Pronotal lobe with yellow setae. Mesonotum with coppc*~*gscales
and a distinct pattern of white ones. Scutellum with golden scales. Pleura with

Fig.

320.

Culex

(G&x)

virgultus

Theobald,

353

1901.

Larva.

Original.

brown integument, a single mesepimeral seta ; upper mesepimeron with white

scales and setae.
Legs dark. Femora white underneath. Femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal joints
white. Tarsi with broad white rings on joints, last hind tarsal white.
Abdomen : Tergites blackish with basal white bands.
Male Proboscis the length of fore femur, a ring beyond articulation.
Palpus exceeding proboscis by nearly the length of the last two segments a white
mark between I and II and at base of III-IV.
Antenna shorter than proboscis and
moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 321). Apical lobe with columnar process bearing three setae ;
a shorter and pointed, b and c hooked at apex ; upper division formed by a leaf, a
hooked seta a longer, slender hooked seta. Mesosome (Dyar, 1928) plat,e large,
upper limb curved and sheath-like, lower thickly thumb-shaped, a group of four
small teeth between, a sharp tooth arising about the middle and exceeding the
plate.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 322). Head broader than long, the tufts with three to five branches. Antenna spiculose, narrower and smooth after the tuft.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.2. Body nude.
Lateral comb of segment VIII of many free scales in a patch. Tube seven times the
broadest width, the pecten on basal fourth, followed by two single long setae

3.54

CULEX

beyond it and a double one near apes. Anal segment ringed by the plate, spiculose
on posterior upper margin ; dorsal set,ae (1 + 2) : lateral hair simple.
Type localzhy Mexico,
Cordoba. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Mexico.

Culex
1927

Cdex

(Culex)

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

Root,
Am.,

Am.

(Culex)
J. Hyg.,

7 :

lygrus

Root, 1927.

579.

375.

Female - Proboscis dark except a lower spot of white scales beyond joint.
Palpus twice the length of clypeus. Occiput with golden narrow scales, the forked
ones blat kish.
Thorax : Integument light brown. Pronotal lobe with bronzy scales and
set ae. Mesonotum with reddish bronzy scales except on prescutellar region where
there are yellowish ones. Scutellum yellow scaled. Pleura with bronzy scales on

321.

32:;.
Fig.

321.

Culex
(Culex)
lobe of basistylr

pinarorampa
I)?_ar
& Nab,
Original.
ant1 mesosome.

Fig.

323.

Culex
(Culex)
and mesosom?.

lyprus
Root,
Odgillill.

1927.

Jlale

1908.

genitalia.

l\IilIe

geIlitali:l.

Upper

lohe

of

Upper

basihtyle

posterior pronotum, groups of white ones on upper portion of sternopleura and

mesepimeron and a single lower mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark except femora and tibiae internally and femoro tibia1 and tibio
tarsal joints which are white scaled. Tarsi with narrow rings on joints.
14bdomen dark, the tergites with broad basal bands.
Male - Palpus longer than proboscis by half the penultimate and the last
segment, there are small baso ventral white spots. Antenna strongly plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 323). Apical lobe with three setae on columnar process, a
shorter, b and c longer and hooked ; upper division with a hooked seta, a slender
seta and a. leaf. Mesosome with the upper horn large, thick and at right angles,
lateral margin with four or five upper teeth and a median one, the lower horn
down curved.
Pupa and k-wua Unknown.
Type locality Brad,
Porto das Caixas, Bang6 and &lag& Type in
u. s. N. M.
Distrihttion - Bras&
State of Rio de Janeiro.

Culex

1906

Grabham,

Can.

1908

Peryassb,

OS Cul.

1915

Howard,

1918

Dynr,

Ins.

Ins.

1922

Root,

Am.

J.

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

syn.

Theobald,

Culex (Culex) secutor Theobald, 1901.

Mon. Cul., 2 : 321.

1901

Dyar

Ent.,

38:

Bras&

& Knab,
Mens.,
Hyg.,

167.
203.
Mon.,

Am.,

Mos.

Sur.,

213.

373.

1906

CuZex Zamentator

1907

Culex

quusisecutor

1907

Culex

toweri

1913

C. toweri

and

281.

396.

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

276

6 : 97.

Dyar

Dyar

& Knab,

Theobald,
& Knab,

lumentutor

J.

Mon.
J.

Howard,

N.

N.

Y.

Cul.,
Y.
Dyar

Ent.

Sot.,

14

219.

4 : 398.

Ent.

SOC.,

& Knab,

15

Mon.,

13.
3

276,

281.

356

CTJLEX

Female Proboscis blackish.

Palpus three times the length of clypeus.
Occiput with bronay, forked scales and some white ones.
Thorax : Mesonotum with coppery scales ; acrostichal setae longer than the
Scutellum white scaled.
dorsocentrals ; supralar setae brown.
Legs : Femora white basally, the hind one over more than basal half. Tarsi
with definite white rings on joints. Femora and tibiae with whitish apex.
Abdomen dark ; faint white bands on tergites II-IV,
segments with basolateral white spots.
&faze - Proboscis with a very small white ring beyond the middle. Palpus
longer than segment by more than the last joint ; segment I with a broad white
ring, II and last segment with very narrow ones.
Genitalia : (fig. 324). Apical lobe with three blunt setae on columnar process,
the lower one shorter ; upper division a striated leaf, close to it a long pointed
seta, two shorter pointed setae at about the same level and, at apex a foliaceous
seta. Mesosome a stout detached tooth followed by five stout teeth ; below a
tooth like structure and another tooth inclined upwards.

324.
Fig.

324.

Culex
(Culex)
tyle, mesosome

Fig.

327.

Culex
(Culex)
basistyle
and

327.
secutor Theobald,
1901.
Male
and tenth
sternite.
Original.
mollis
Dyar
& Knab,
mesosome.
Original.

1906.

genitalia.

Male

Upper

genitalia.

lobe

Upper

of basis-

lobe

of

357

CULEX

Pupa Larva branches.

Fig.

325.

Unknown.
(fig. 325).

Culex

Head broader than long, the tufts with three to five

(Culex)

secutor

Theobald,

1901.

Larva.

Original.

Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a single plate) - 2 1.1.2. Body nude.
Lateral comb of segment VIII with many scales in a patch. Siphon nearly seven
times the broadest width, the pecten on basal fourth followed by eight short multiple tufts and a single apical hair. Anal segment with the plate saddle shaped,
spiculose ; dorsal hairs (2 + 1) ; lateral hair short and triple. Gills four, longer
than segment.
Type locality Jamaica
(B. W. I.). Type in B. M.
Distribution - Jamaica : S. Domingo : Porto Rico : Venezuela.
The
Brazilian references are doubtfull.

Culex
1908

Culez

1915

Howard,

1928

Dyar,

Dyar

Dyar
Mos.

(Culex)

& Knab,

Proc.

& Knab,

Am.,

stenolepis
U.

Mon.,

S. Nat.
3 :

Mus.,

Dyar & Knah, 1908.

: 60.

36

249.

365.

Female - Proboscis the length of fore femur, dark whitish ventrally. Palpus
twice the length of clypeus. Occiput with dark brown scales intermixed with yellowish ones, on margin and mentum white.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown with yellowish scales. Mesonotum with
blackish brown integument and bronzy scales ; a distinct pattern of golden scales
present. Scutellum yellow scaled. Pleura dark brown ; white scales and setae
on upper mesepimeron, a single mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark. Femora white ventrally and on femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal
joints. Tarsi with broad white rings on joints, last hind tarsal white.
Abdomen : Tergites with narrow basal bands and basolateral white spots.
Mule - Proboscis a little longer than fore femur, dark, a white ring on articu-

358

I,

lation. Palpus longer than proboscis by nearly the last two segments ; II-IV with
apical white narrow rings.
Genitalia : (fig. 326). Columnar process of basistyle wit,h three setae, a and b
hooked, c straight ; upper division with a leaf and a slender seta. Mesosome with
upper horn slender, straight and pointed upwards, below five or six small teeth
and a very large upturned, pointed tooth ; there is a free space between the teeth
and the lower horn which is downcurved. Tenth stcrnite with tufts of sclerotized
and long setae at apex.

Fig.

32F.

Culex
(Culcx)
of bahistyle;

stenolepis

I)yar

tenthstwnitr

Knab,
1908.
Male
Original.
nicsosoniv.

&

and

~erlitali:r.

_\l)icill

lobe

Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - Head elliptical, wider than long ; antennae long,
slender, a tuft at the outer third, the part beyond more slender ; head-hairs all
multiple. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of sparsely placed scales in a patch.
Air-tube about four times as long as wide, tapered outwardly ; pecten on the basal
third, followed by five two-haired tufts, the subapical one considerably displaced,
t>he antepenultimate one less but also displaced. Anal segment longer than wide,
ringed by the plate, the ventral brush on posterior half ; dorsal tuft a long hair
and a long and two shorter ones on each side ; a small lateral two-haired tuft.
,4nal gills three times as long as the segment, tapered.
Type locality - Mexico,
Cordoba. Type in I?. S. N. M.
Distribution - Mexico and Costa
Rica.

Culex

(Culex)

Cdex

carmoo?yae mollis

Dyar

1918

Dyar,

Ins.

6 : 97 ;

Ins.

1925

Culex

(Cdez),

1927

Root,

Am.

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

1936

T,ane,

Ins.

&lens.,

mollds Bonne

J. Hyg.,
Am.,
Hyg.

mollis

& Knab,

1906

Proc.

1921 Dyar,

& Bonne-Wepster,

576.

369.
S. Paulo,

Bol.

GO

12.

Dyar
Biol.
id.,

Mos.

&

Knab, 1906.

SOC. Wash.,

28.
SW.,

216.

19

171.

c u

syn.

1907

Culex

hteropunctata

1907

C&es

equivocator

1908

Culex

elocutilis

1915

C. elocutih

1916

C. equivocator

1923

Culex

Theobald,
Dyar

Dyar

and

Dyar,

Zepostenis Dyar,

Mon.

& Knab,
& Knab,

equinocatm
Ins.

CL&

Y.

Smiths.

Misc.
6:

Mens.,

359

458.

Ent.

Dyar

Mens.,

Ins.

I?

J. N.

Howard,

Ins.

Ins.

1,

Sot.,
Coils.

& Knab,

15

Quar.
Mon.,

203.
Iss.,
3

52

67.

247.

97.
11

70.

Femde - Proboscis dark, white scaled vent,rally. Palpus dark, twice the
length of clypeus. Antenna with blackish torus, flagellum longer than proboscis.
Occiput with narrow, golden scales, the forked ones blackish.
Thorax : Integument brown. Pronotal lobe wit,h golden scales and brow-n
setae. Mesonotum with bronzy scales, on the sides they are whitish as well as on
the prescutellar region. Scutellum white scaled. Pleura with a single lower mese-

pimeral.
Legs dark, femora white underneath. Tarsi with very narrow white bands.
Abdomen dark with broad basal white bands on tergites and also basolateral
white spots.
JfaZe - Proboscis dark. Palpus longer than proboscis by half the penultimate
and the last joints which are acuminate and moderately setose ; small infer0 basal
spots of white scales on the apical segments. Antenna strongly plumose, shorter
than proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 327). Apical lobe with columnar process bearing a hooked
seta ; upper division with a seta, a foliaceous seta and a leaf. Mesosome with the
median plate having the upper horn T-shaped, the lateral margin with eight setae
on upper portion and inclined upwards, a longer and thicker seta in the middle,
bent downwards.
Pupa Unknown.

F&L

nz&_-

Culex

1.

(Culex)

mnllis

T)YRI-

--._
l-_

_ __

&

Knab,

1906.

LalWl.

Original.

360

CULEX

Larva - (fig. 328). Head broader than long, the tufts multiple.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.2. Lateral comb
of the eighth segment of many scales in a patch. Siphon more than six times broadest width, the pecten over more than basal third and followed by two double
tufts. Anal segment ringed by the plate and spiculose posteriorly ; dorsal tuft
(1 + 2) ; Gills longer than anal segment and pointed.
Type locality - Trinidad
(B. W. I.). Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Panama : Costa Rica : Guianas : Venezuela : Colombia
and Brasil.

Culex
191.5 Culex

(Culex)

delys Howard,

delys

Dyar

& Knab,

Howard, Dyar & Knab, 1915.

Mon.,
3 : 317.

Female - Proboscis dark, slightly longer than fore femur. Palpus twice the
length of clypeus. Antenna with blackish torus ; flagellum one third longer than
proboscis. Occiput with white scales intermixed with dark brown ones.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with dark setae. Mesonotum brown, with narrow
bronzy scales, some white ones on anterior margin and prescutellar depression.
Scutellum with white scales. Pleura with two patches of white scales on sternopleura and one on upper portion of mesepimeron ; a single lower mesepimeral and
five upper setae.
Legs dark, femora white ventrally.
Tips of femora and tibiae white. Tarsi
dark.
Wing dark, a distinct line of white scales at base of first vein, a few white
ones spreading into base of costa and 4th. vein.
Abdomen : Tergites dark, white scales on middle but not forming bands and
having basolateral white spots. Sternites dark at base and white at apex.
Mule, pzLpa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Panama,
C. Z., Tabernilla.
Type in U. S. N. M.
, Distribution - That of type locality.

Culex
1903

Culex

Theobald,

1906

Dyer

& Knab,

1915

Howard,

1918

Dyar,

1925

Bonne

Dyar
Ins

Ins.

(Culex)

Mon.
J.

N.

Cul.,
Y.

& Knab,
Mens.,

& Bonne-Wepster,

janitor

Theobald, 1903.

183.

Ent.

Sot.,

Mm,

14 : 209.

: 258.

6 : 96.
Mos.

Sur.,

215.

Female - Proboscis dark. Palpus three times the length of clypeus. Antenna
with yellowish torus, longer than proboscis. Occiput with brown forked scales.
Thorax : Mesonotum with bronzv scales. Scutellum white scaled.
Legs with very narrow white rings on tarsi,
Abdomen without basal bands, the lateral markings are distinct.
Mule - Proboscis with a white ring beyond the m<ddle. Palpus longer than
proboscis by the length of half the penultimate and the last segments, white ringed
at base. Abdomen with broad basal bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 329). Apical lobe with three rods on columnar process ;
upper division with two setae and a leaf. Mesosome with the upper horn quite
long and surpassing the teeth ; on upper margin there are nine or ten blunt, pointed
teeth, then a free space and finally the lower horn which is short and straight.
Tufts on the tenth sternites of manv nointed elements.
PUBU Unknown.
Laha (fig. 330). Head subquadrate, head hairs multiple but 9 simple.
Antenna short, slender, uniform, the tuft mesial.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 2.22

(in a single9
_3=lL+i--

CULEX

Fig, 329. -

361

C&Z (Culex)
janitor
Theobald, 1903.
Male genitalia.
Basistyle, apical lobe
of basistyle; tenth sternite and several aspects of mesosome. Original.

Abdomen with the scales of segment VIII numerous and in four rows. Siphon
nearly three and a half times the basal width, the pecten on basal third ; five
multiple ventral tufts, the two basal ones within the pecten. Anal segment ringed
by the plat,e ; dorsal setae (1 + 2). Gills four, the upper ones longer, three times
the length of anal segment, pointed at apex.

Fig. 330. -

Culex (Culex)

janitor

Theobald,

1903.

Larva.

Original.

(B. W. I.). Type in B. M.

to this island where it breeds in the water found

Type locality - Jamaica

Distribution - Restricted
in crab-holes.

Culex

1868CuZex

Philippi,

1910

Theobald,

1924

Dyar,

Ins.

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

sgn.

1929

Culex

(Culex)

Terh.

Mon.
Ins.

2001. -

Cul.,

LMens.,

Am.,

Philippi,

articularis

bot.

Ges.

Wien.,

15

1865.

: 5M.

400.

12

128.

358.

archegus

Dyar,

Am.

J.

Hyg.,

: 511.

Female - Proboscis dark, a small white spot below. Palpus dark, slightly
longer than clypeus. Antenna longer than proboscis. Occiput with narrow, golden
scales, forked blackish ones intermixed.
Thoras : Integument dark brown, on pleura yellowish.
Mesonotum with
narrow, short, bronzy scales, on the sides and prescutellar region they are whitish.
Pleura with white scales in middle and upper portions of sternopleura and mesepimeron, a lower mesepimeml seta.
Legs dark, femora and tibiae and their apices with white scales. Tarsi dark
except indistinct white spots on hind ones.
Male - Palpus longer than proboscis by length of penultimate and the last
segment. Antenna shorter than proboscis, strongly plumosc. Abdomen with basal
white bands on tergites.
Genitalia : (fig. 331). Columnar process with the two upper setae hooked, the
lower with blunt apex ; upper division with a developed leaf which is striated, on
the sides a straight seta and a hooked one. Mesosome with the upper horn not,
beyond the lateral teeth, apically attenuated, lateral margin with eight upper
teeth, below a smooth space ; lower horn upcurved and in a point.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Chile.
Type ? ? ?.
Distribution - Rest.ricted to the Chilean center.

Culex
1891

Heteronycha

1923

Culex

Arribalzaga,

Dyer,

Ins.

Ins.

1923

Petrocchi,

Rev.

1925

Dyar

parte),

1930

Edwards,

syn.

1903

Culex

1908

C. bilinealus

1916

Culex

1919

C. bonariensis

(pro

(Culex)

Dipt.

Ins.

Rev.

emus. La

Mens.,
Bact.

Pat

bonariensis

150.

10.

Ins.

Mon.

OS Cul.

BrethB,

Dyar,

150.

Chile,

Theobald,

Peryassfi,

Plate,

1891).

374.

& South

bilineutus

B. A.,

Mos.Am.,

(Arribalzaga,

dolosus

An.
Ins.

107.

Cul.,

Bras&

196.

190.

Mus.

Nat..

Mens.,

H.

N.

86.

Fern&e - Proboscis dark (in some specimens with white scales ventrally and
in yet others with a ring). Palpus twice the length of clypeus, dark. Antenna longer
than length of fore femur. Occiput with slender, golden scales, the forked ones
blackish as well as t,he ocular setae.
Thoras : Integument brown. Pronotal lobe with golden scales and blackish
setac. Mesonotum with bronay scales except for a round spot on each side, in front,
of wing roots and prescutellar region where they are yellowish. Scutellum with
yellowish scales. Pleure~with white scales, a single lower msepimeral.
Legs dark except the femora internally and the mid and fore tibiae which
are covered with white scales. Tarsi with small rings on joints (in some specimens
they are very narrow).
14bdomen blackish ; tergites with broad basal white bands.

c u

363

Uale - Ialpus longer than proboscis by nearly the length of the tw-o last
segments, with a median ring of white scales. Abdomen w&h broader abdominal
bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 332). Apical lobe with the columnar process bearing three
setae, the median hooked ; upper division with a long seta, a foliaceous one and
a leaf. Mesosome with the upper horn long, slender and surpassing the lateral
t.eeth of this structure which are eight to ten and of moderate size, lower horn
curved.

332.

Fig.

331. -

Fig.

332. -

Culcx

(Culex)

articularis

basibtyle and mesosome.

Culex

(Culex)

l)nsistylr

Philipjhi,
Original.

1865.

Male

genitalia.

dolosus

and mehosome.

Pz~pu (fig. 333). Tube variable in lcnght, blackish at base and nearly
reaching the middle. Cephalothoracic hairs simple or multiple.
Abdomen with hair A of segment II nearly the length of segment, in III-11
short,, simple, in V-VI double and in VII-VIII
mult,iple ; hair B double and as
long as segment in II-III,
in IV it is simple ,and more than twice the length of
segment ; hair C multiple in II and III, simple in IV, triple in V, double in VI and
always longer than length of segments. Paddle three times length of segment VIIT.

364

Fig.

333.

G&x

(C&x)

dorsal,

Arribalzaga,

dolosus

1891.

Pupa.

Abdominal

segments,

Original.

Larva - (fig. 334). Head broader than long, with darker areas ; hair 4 simple,
the other hairs multiple.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate), l/2 1.1.2. Segment VIII
with the pecten in a triangular patch. Siphon five or six
times the basal width. Anal segment ringed by the plate, spiculose, dorsal setae
(1 + 2) ; lateral hair small and double.
Type locality Argentina,
Buenos Aires. Type in M. L. P.
Argentina
: Chile : Uruguay
Disttibulion and Southern Brad.

Fig.

334.

Culex

(Culex)

Culex

Arribalzaga,

dolosus

(Culex)

1891.

carcinoxenus

1932 Culex (Culex) Castro, Rev. Ent., 2

Larva.

Original.

Castro, 1932.

: 98.

Female Characters from Castro (1932) : whitish. Palpus dark, twice the length of clypeus.
int,ermixed with light and blackish forked ones.

Proboscis dark ; labellum

Occiput with golden scales

365

Thorax : Pronotal lobe wjth golden scales and setae. Mesonotum brown, with
bronay scales except a pattern formed by golden scales on the sides, along the
middle and extending to the prescutellar region. Scutellum golden scaled. Pleura
with a patch of white scales on sternopleura.
Legs dark, femora internally and apex of femora and tibiae whitish. Tarsi
dark.
Abdomen dark : tergite with indistinct white basal bands.
Male - Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of last segment, dark.
Genitalia : (fig. 335). Apical lobe with columnar process bearing two hooked
setae, a shorter pointed one below them ; upper division with a foliaceous seta
and a broad leaf. Mesosome with the upper horn shorter than the setae, these
setae six in number ; lower horn with pointed apex, at right angles with the mid
plate.

335.

336.

Fig.

335.

Culex
(Culex)
carcinoxcnus
tyle and mesosome.

Fig.

336.

Head
and terminal
Larva.
Rev.
Ent.
2: figs. 2, 3, 4

Castro,

1932.

abdominal
and 7).

Nale

segments.

genitalia.

(Based

Basistyle,

on

Castro,

distis-

1932,

Pupa - Tube seven or eight times broadest width, opening triangular.

Abdomen with lateral tufts on segments VII-VIII
plumose, multiple and
shorter than corresponding segment ; sub-lateral tufts on IV-VI longer than segments and with two or three branches ; submedian tufts multiple, reduced in II.
Paddles normal, a little pointed, terminal hair with two or three branches.
Lurua - (fig. 336). Head rounded, broader than long ; setae long and slender,
with two or three branches ; hair 5 small and simple.

Abdomen with scales of segment VIII in a patch, free. Siphon four and a
half times the greatest width, pecten on basal third ; four tufts with two to four
branches, the two median ones out of line. Anal segment ringed by the plate,
slightly longer than broad ; dorsal tuft of two long setae ; lateral seta small ;
ventral brush with twelve tufts. Gills four, subequal.
Tipe locality - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, Berti6ga. Types in the Instituto
Biol6gico de SBo Paulo.
Distribution That of t,ypc locality.
IVote - Only the tvpcs are known. Aquatic stages arc passed in the water
held by crab-holes.

Culex

(Culex)

mauesensis

Lane, 1945.

1943 Culex (Culez) Lane, Rev. Ent., 16 : 208.

Female Proboscis as long as fore femur, brown, lighter below. Palpus

twice the length of clypeus, dark. Occiput with golden broad and forked scales
intermixed, margin and mentum white scaled.
Thorax with yellowish integument.
Pronotal lobe with yellow golden scales
and setae. Mesonotum densely covered with yellow golden, short, narrow, curved
scales ; antero laterally and in prescutellar region they are whitish golden ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae not much developed. Scutellum golden white scaled.
Pleura wit,h a single lower mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark, femora and t,ibiae whitish internally.
Tarsi with narrow white
rings on joints.
-4bdomen dark, segments III-IV
with narrow, basal bands V-VII with basolateral white spots.
Male - Palpus longer than proboscis by length of half the penultimate and
the last joint. Antenna densely plumose. Abdominal tcrgites III-IV
dark.

337.

338.

Fig.

337. -

Culcx (Culex)

mauescnsis

Fig.

338. -

C&x

inflictus

(Culer)

Lane,
Tileohitld,

1913.
1901.

X:Llc gcanilillin.
l\lak

grllitali:i.

0riF;innl.
Original.

Genitalia : (fig. 337). Columnar process with two hooked and a lower, smaller
pointed seta ; upped division a slender seta, a foliaceous one and a broad, striated
leaf. Mesosome with two series of teeth on mid plate, the first of four large ones
turned downwards, the second of six or seven smaller and pointed teeth : upper
horn reduced, the lower one turned downwards.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Brasil,
State of ilmazonas, Mau&
Distribution - That of type locality.

Culex
Theobald,

(Culex)

Culex

Howard,

1921

Bonne-Wepster

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

syn.

1901

Culex

schoZastzkus Theobald,

1906

Culex

extricafor

1915

C. scholasticus

1918

C. extricator

Dyar

& Bonne,
Am.,

id.,

Culex

Theobald, 1901.

inflictus
115.

Mon.,

Ins.

Ins.

Mos.

Type in F.H.

406.
Mens.,

9 :

19.

233.

Sur.,

390.
Dyar
and
Dyar,
9

Mon.

& Knab,

erfricator
Ins.

Ins.

Ins.

Ins.

J.

Cul.,
N.

I.

Howard,

Dyar

hIens.,

120.

Ent.

SOL,

14

& Knab,

100

1921

211.

&Ion.,

32.X

C. scholasticus

Bonne-Wepster

&

18.

Culex brethesi Dyar,

Am.,

1916

Cul.,

& Knab,

& Bonne-Wepster,

Bonne,
1919

Mon.

1901
1915

and Paruari.

hIens.,

86

1921 Dyar,

id.,

: 148;

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

378.
lynchi

Brethbs

(male

only),

An.

Mus.

Nat.

B. A.,

28

24, 214.

FemaZe - Proboscis blackish, whitish vcnt,rally. Palpus one and a half times
length of clypeus, dark scaled. Occiput with erect forked blackish scales, white
ones on ocular margin and mentum.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with brown scales and setac. hlesonotum brown,
covered with bronzy scales ; dorsocentral and acrostichal setae developed, supralars
dark brown. Scutellum with whitish scales. Pleura with two patches of white
scales on sternopleura ; a single lower mesepimeral set,a.
Legs dark, femora white ventrally, femora and tibiae white at apex. Tarsi
dark.
Abdomen with tergites dark except basolateral spots.
Xale - Coloration of the female. Palpus exceeding proboscis by last joint
and half penultimate one, very small apical rings on segments. Proboscis dark.
Antenna moderately plumose.
Genit,alia : (fig. 338). Columnar process with three long, slender, pointed
rods ; upper division formed by a broad, large, hyaline leaf and a foliaceous seta.
Mesosome with seven teeth from lateral margin to upper portion. Ttnth sternitc
with an average number of teeth.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - Head rounded, slightly wider than long ; antennae
long, a tuft at outer third, the part beyond more slender, basal part, spined : head
hairs, upper in four, lower in three, ant,eantennal tuft multiple.
Lateral comb of
the eighth segment of many narrow scales in a patch. Air-tube about six times as
long as wide, slightly fusiform ; pecten on less than the basal third, followed by
three, three - and two-haired
tufts, the middle one moved slightly lateral out of
line. Anal segment slightly longer than wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush
posterior ; dorsal tuft a long hair and a long and a short hair on each side ; lateral
Anal gills as long as the segment, ra.ther wide and bluntly
hair single, small.
rounded.
Type locality - Grenada
(U. W. I.). Type in B. M.
D;strihution - Central
America
: Venezuela.

368

CULEX

Culex
1936

Culez

(Microculex)

(Culex)

abnormalis

Lane, Rev. Mus. Paul., 20

Lane, 1936.

189.

Female - Proboscis dark, a small ventral white spot. Palpus short, dark,
twice the length of clypeus. Occiput with narrow white scales, forked ones yellowish.
Thorax : Integument dark brown. Pronotal lobe with yellow scales and
blackish and yellowish setae. Mesonotum with bronzy scales and a lateral pattern
of white scales on sides and two median spots united to the lateral lines and the
prescutellar depression (in a female from Goiae these lines do not exist) ; prescutellar depression with bronzy scales and a bare line ; acrostichal and dorsocentral
setae developed. Scutellum with whitish scales. Pleura with dark integument,
with lighter areas ; sternopleura and mesepimeron with white scales on upper portion ; a single lower mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark except mid and hind femora which are internally whitish and also
tibio tarsal hind joint. Tarsi dark.
Abdomen with dark tergites and basolateral white spots.
Male - Proboscis blackish with a distal white ring. Palpus dark above, below
with a variable marking of white scales. Antenna strongly plumose.

\
\

Fig.

339. -

Culex (Culex)

Fig.

340. -

Alale genitalia.

abnormalis

Upper

Lane,

1936.

51ale genitalia.

lobe of basistyle, dististyle and mesosome.

Original.

Genitalia : (fig. 339 and 340). Apical lobe with three setae on columnar
process, the upper ones hooked, the lower seta smaller and straight ; upper division
with a leaf above which there are two narrow curved setae and, on the side of these,
two longer straight setae. 1Mesosome with upper horn curved upwards, short, the
lower one t,humb-shaped, between the horns there are ten t,o fifteen pointed and
united teeth. Tenth s,ternites weakly sclerotized and with a few spicules.
Pupa Unkndwn.
Larva (fig. 341). Head broader than long ; the tufts multiple. Antenna
spiculose on basal two-thirds, the apical one lighter colored.

-s

Fig. 341. -

C&.X

(Culex)

abnormalis

369

--__

Lane, 1936.

---a-__

Larva.

Original.

Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.2.
Siphon with more than eight times the basal width, the pecten at basal third and
with four double or triple tufts. Segment VIII
with the scales in a triangular
patch. Anal segment ringed by the plate which is longer than wide ; dorsal tuft
(3 + 1) ; lateral tuft small and double.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Mato Grosso, Ponce. Type in F. H.
Distribution - Brad,
States of Mato Gross0 and Goiaz.

Culex
1904
1905
1907
1928

(Culex)

spinosus

Lutz, 1905.

C&z Lutz (in Bourroul, nomen nudum), Mos. Brasil, 44.

Lutz, Imp. Med., 18 : 26.
Theobald, Mon. Cul., 4 : 455.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 386.

Female Proboscis dark except below, ventrally, where there is a white

spot. Palpus twice the length of clypeus. Antenna longer than proboscis, filiform.
Occiput with narrow, whitish scales intermixed with black forked ones.
Thorax : Integument dark brown. Pronotal lobe with whitish scales and
blackish setae. Mesonotum with the acrostichal setae in line, dorsocentral ones
in two lines ; with bronzy scales except laterally and in the prescutellar region
where they are white. Scutellum with white scales. Pleura with bronzy scales
on posterior pronotum, white ones on sternopleura and mesepimeron forming
patches ; a single lower mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark, femora white internally, tibio tarsal joint white. Tarsi dark.
Abdomen with tergites dark (a specimen with small basal white spots on
segments III-VI)
; with basolateral white spots.
Male - Proboscis with a median white ring. Palpus longer than proboscis
by nearly the length of the last two segments, dark except for white rings on joints

of II-III
and III-IV
and with large lower white spots on middle of III nearly all
the IV and base of V. Antenna plumose. Abdomen with basolateral spots forming
stripes from segments II-VI.
Genitalia : (fig. 342). Apical lobe with three united setae on columnar process ; upper division with a more slender seta which is hooked and inserted on
one side of the leaf which is large and striated, there is yet another seta which
is straight on the other side. Mid plate of mesosome similar to C. dolosus but the
upper teeth closer together, the lower horn strongly curved and with a protuberance
at angle, between the teeth and lower process there ia a small free space. ~
Pupa - (fig. 343). Slightly darker on dorsum and middle of first six abdominal segments. Tube curved, thicker on basal half, slightly expanded at apex, the
basal half blackish. Cephalothoracic setae a single multiple and developed tuft.

Fig.

342. -

Culex

(Cnfex)

spinosus

tylc and mesosome.

Fig.

343. -

Pupa.

Abdominal

Lutz, 1905. Males

Original.

segments, dorsal.

genitalia.

Original.

Upper

division

of basis-

IT

371

Abdomen with hair C. 1 developed on segment II and nearly as long as segment ; C nearly a third the length of segment ; on III-V this seta is double and
little more than half the length of segment, while in VI it is nearly as long as segment. ; hair B nearly twice the length of segment and double, in V-VI ; on segment
triple and
VII it is nearly as long as segment ; hair A simple or double in II-VI,
long in VII and multiple and long in VIII.
Paddle slightly more than twice the
length of segment VIII and with an apical spicule.
Larva (fig. 344). Head rounded, slightly broader than long. Antenna
slightly attenuated beyond middle where it is darker. Head-hairs multiple.

Fig.

344.

Culex

(Cdex)

Lutz,

spinosus

1905.

LLnrva.

Original.

Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) - 1 - l-l-4.
Siphon from four and a half to six times the basal width, pecten on basal third
a numerous patch
and with four triple tufts beyond it. Pcctcn of segment, VIII
of free scales. Anal segment ringed by the plate which is strongly spiculose on
whole surface, the spicules strongly developed. Dorsal setae (3 + 1) ; two very
small lateral hairs ; ventral brush dense ; gills four, apparentlv more than twice
the length of :egment and ending in a sharp point.
7gpe locality- Brad,
State of S. Paula. Type in I. 0. cf. ?
nistribz~tiolz - Brasil,
States of S. Paula, Rio de Janeiro, Jlinas Gerais.

Culex
1907

Culex

1915

Howard,

Dyar,
Dyar

Proc.

(Culex)
U.

S. Nat.

& Knab,

Mon.,

stigmatosoma
Mm.,

32

236.

123.

Dyar,

1907.

372

1917

Dyar

& Knah,

Ins.

1922

Dyar,

Proc.

U.

S. Nat.

Ins.

Mos.

Am.,

IMens.,
Mus.,

1928

Dyar,

1935

Martini,

syn.

190s

C&x

1915

C. eumimetes

Howard,

1918

C. eumimetes

Dyar,

1921

Culex

1922

C. thriambus

Dep.

52 :

TJ

174.
23.

368.

Sal.

Pub.,

eumimetes

thriambus

Mos.

Dyar

Dyar
Ins.

Dyar,

Dyar,

Mexico,

& Knab,

Proc.

U.

& Knah.

Ins.

Ins.

58.
Proc.

Mens.,

Ins.

U.

5.

Mus.,

238.

22.

35

61.

6 : 96.

Mens.,
Nat.

S. Nat.

Mon.,
9

Mus.,

33.
52

Female - Proboscis blackish, slightly longer than fore femur, with a broad
white ring beyond the middle. Palpus twice the length of proboscis, dark, a few
white scales at apex. Occiput with narrow, whitish and golden scales mixed with
blackish, forked ones ; vertex with golden setae, marginal ones dark brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with gzdden scales and brown setae. Mesonotum with
brown integument and bronay scales ; in the middle and prescutellar depression
with patches of white scales which do not form a pattern. Scutellum white scaled.
Pleura with narrow dark scales on posterior pronotum ; broad white ones on sternopleura and mesepimeron ; a single mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark ; femora and tibiae whitish internally also on femoro tibia1 and
tibia tarsal joints. Tarsi with broad white rings, larger on hind pair.
Abdomen dark, with basal white bands.
AfaZe - Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur. Palpus exceeding proboscis
by the last two segment.s. Antenna strongly plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 345). Columnar process with three setae, the first, short,
blunt, the others hooked ; upper division formed by a slender seta, a leaf and
another slender seta slightly longer. Mesosome with mid plate bearing three
teeth curved outwards and an upper process with five small teeth.

345.
Fig.

345.

Culex

(Culex)

Fig.

346.

Larva.
Head
Mos. Am., fig.

346.
stigmatosoma

and terminal
328).

Dyar,

1907.

abdominal

Male
segments.

genitalia.
(Based

Original.
on

Dyar,

1928,

Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - (fig. 346). Head elliptical, wider than long, bulging at the sides ; antennae long, a tuft at outer third, the part beyond m3re slender,
base spinulated ; head hairs all multiple. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of
rather a few scales in a patch. Air-tube four times as long as wide, a little tapered
outwardly, pecten on the basal third ; four larg-3 tufts posteriorly, the basal one
within pecten and a double lateral tuft, situated below and within the last tuft.
Anal segment about as long as wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush on posterior

373

CULEX

half ; dorsal tuft a long hair and a long and a shorter one on each side ; a small
triple lateral hair. Anal gills as long as the segment, broad.
Type ZocaZilyU. S.A.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution U. S. A. : Mexico : Guatemala
: Costa Rica : Venezuela.

Culex
1906

Culex

Dyar

1915

Howard,

1918

Dyar,

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

syn.

Dyar
Ins.

(Culex)

& Knah,
Ins.

J.

& Knab,
Mens.,

Am.,

Y.

Mon.,

Ent.
3

Sot.,

14 :

209.

317.

6 : 98.

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

Dyar & Knab, 1906.

interrogator

N.

Mos.

Sur.,

220.

377.

1908

CuZez reflector

1915

C. reflector

Dyar

Howard,

& Knab,
Dyar

Smiths.

& Knab,

Misc.

Mon.,

Coils.,
3

Quar.

Iss.,

52

256.

419.

FemaZe - Proboscis as long as fore femur, white ventrally.

Palpus twice
the length of clypeus. Occiput with whitish and golden scales.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with golden scales. Mesonotum with dark brown
integument ; bronzy scaled except two spots in the middle and white scales on
prescutellar region. Scutellum white scaled. Pleura without white scales on mesepimeron but with a single mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark. Femora and tibiae white underneath and on joints. Tarsi dark.
Abdomen with basal white bands.
Male - Dyar (1928) : - Coloration of the female. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by more than the length of the last joint, with whit,ish markings, especially
beneath, at middle of long joint and bases of last two. Proboscis with a small
white ring beyond the middle. Hypopygium : (fig. 347). Side-piece conical with

3
347.

348.

Fig.

347.

G&X

Fig.

348.

Larva.

(G&X)
Head

interrogator
Dyar
and

terminal

&

Knab,

abdominal

1906.

segments.

Male

genitalia.

Original.

Original.

large basal excavation, the lobe at the outer fourth, bearing three rods, a filament
(rarely two filaments), a leaf, and a seta. Clasper curved, flattened on outer half,
with appendiculate subapical spines. Tenth sternites with long curved basal arm,
the tip tufted with fine spines. Ninth tergites represented by rows of setae. Mesosomal plate thick, truncate, without projecting arms, the surface half smooth, half

374

L- L

F,

with fine denticles ; a long tooth arising from the middle, exceeding the margin
of the plate.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 348). Head wider than long the tufts long and multiple, hair
8 small, triple, 9 small and multiple. Antenna spiculose on basal two thirds up to
tuft, the apical third slender, nude.
I3ody nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) - 2 - 1.1. ?
- 2. Lateral comb of segment VIII of many scales in several rows. Siphon more
than four times the basal width, the pecten nearly reaching apex, the scales larger
distally, two mesial tufts formed by three branches, a smaller double tuft apically.
Anal segment with plate spiculose and well down the sides ; dorsal tuft (1 + 2) ;
lateral hair long, single. Gills one and a half times the length of segment, pointed.
Type locality - Rlexico.
Type in U. S. N. RI.
Distribution U. S. A., Texas : Mexico:
Panama.

CL&X
1903

Culex

Theobald,

1908

Peryassfi,

1915

Howard,

1916

Dyar

1922

Dyar,

OS Cul.
Dyar

(Culex)

Mon.

Cd.,

Bras&

Mon.,

& Knab,

Ins.

Mens.,

Proc.

S. Nat.

Ins.

Mus.,

& Bonne-Wepster,

5
62

: 240.
: 174 ;
: 23.

1925

Bonne
Root,

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

syn.

1906

Culex

1906

Culex basilicus

and

1906

Culex

hassardi

Grabham,

1907

Culex

subfuscus

1908

Culex

Zactator Zoquuculus Dyar

1919

Culez

Zeucoteluv hlac

1939

Cukx

rigidus

1946

CuZex pseudojanthinosoma

J. Hyg.,
Am.,

iVos.

1927

Am.

1903.

173.

42.

& Knab,

U.

Theobald,

corniger

Sur.,

1918

Dyar,

id.,

6 : 96.

212.

576.

367.

Zackztor Dyar

Knab,

J.

N.

Y.

C. Zactator Dyar

Theobald,

Can.

Cormack,

Senevet

Ent.,

hlon.

Ent.

& Knab,

:
4 :

38

Cul.,

& h-nab,
Pan.

& Abonnenc,
Senevet

1-I :

Proc.

209.

Biol.

Sot.

Wash.,

19

lG9,

170.

167.
403.

Smiths.

Hlth.
Ar.

Sot.,

Ins.

hlisc.

Depth.
Pasteur

& Abonnenc,

Colls.,

Dept.,
Ar.

Algerie,
Ins.

Qu-?r.

1918,
17

Pasteur

Iss.,

52 : 234.

29.

68.

BlgCrie,

24

139

Few&e Proboscis dark, whitish below in the middle, nearly forming a

band. Palpus blackish, twice the length of clypeus. Antenna with dark brown
torus, the flagellum slightly longer than proboscis. Occiput with the scales narrow,
golden.
Thorax : Integument brown. Pronotal lobe with golden sctae and scales.
Mesonotum with bronzy scales in the center, with a lateral pattern of white ones
and others on the prescutellar area ; acrostichal setae short, the dorsoccntrals
longer, supralars blackish and golden or dark brown. Scutcllum with whitish
scales. Pleura with scales on posterior pronotum and stcrnoplcura ; one to four
lower mesepimerals.
Legs dark except fcmora and tibiae and tibiae intcrnallv and femoro tibia1
and tibio tarsal joints which are white scaled. Tarsi with white rings on joints.
Abdomen with basal bands on tergites, the bands thicker in thr: center, the
sides with triangular spots. Stcrnites with white scales, apically black ones.
Male - Proboscis with a ring beyond the middle. Palpus longer than proboscis by half the length of penultimate and the last segments, two last segments
with basal white rings and a median spot on IT. Antenna plumose. _4bdomen with
basal white bands forming triangular spots on the sides.
Genitalia : (fig. 349). Apical lobe with t.hree setae on columnar process
(sometimes two), the lower one blunt at apex, the others hooked ; upper branch
with a leaf, a long seta and a shorter additional one. Mesosome with upper horn
long and slender, the teeth upturned and with a free space between the teet,h and
the lower horn which is short.
Pupa -- Unknown.

375

CULEX

349.

360.

Fig.

349.

CU~CX (CU~X)

eorl~ger

Fig.

350.

Larva.

and

ITcad

Theobald,

tcrmind

1903.

abdominal

3Iale
segments.

genitalia.

Original.

Original.

L~w.x - (fig. 350). I-lead broader than long, the tufts with three to five elements.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) - 415 1.1.3/4. Pecten
of segment VIII
with a triangular patch of scales. Siphon slightlv more than
twice the greatest width, the pecten nearly reaching the middle, two tufts in the
middle, and on the sides a buft below pecten and yet another beyond it,. Anal segment longer than wide ; dorsal setae (1 + 1) ; a single lateral seta. Gills four, the
upper ones longer than the lower.
Type locality Brasil,
Par&. Type in B. 11.
DisfriDufion
From Mexico to Uruguay.

Culex
1921

Culex

Dyar,

1925

Bonne

1927

Root,

Am.

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

Ins.

Ins.

& Bonne-Wepster,
J. Hyg.,
Am.,

(Culex)

Mens.,
7:

Mos.

chidestri

Dyer,

1921.

117.

SW.,

240.

578.

365.

Female - Proboscis dark except for an extensive lower spot of white scales.
Palpus dark, twice the length of proboscis. Antenna a little longer than proboscis.
Occiput with narrow white scales.
Thorax : Integument dark brown. Pronotal lobe with brown setae and golden
scales. Mesonotum with bronzy scales, on the sides and prescutellar region the.
are golden. Scutellum golden scaled. Pleura with two lower mesepimeral setae.
Legs with very small rings on joints of tarsi.
Abdomen wit,h broad basal bands on tergites.
*W/ale - Proboscis with a median white ring. Palpus exceeding proboscis by
nearly the length of the last two segments. Antenna strongly plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 351). Apical lobe with three pointed setae on the columnar
process ; upper division with a leaf, below it a long seta and above it a slightly
shorter one. Mesosome with numerous small teeth on external margin and a subapical developed tooth.

376

CULEX

Pupa - (fig. 352). Darker dorsally and on first three abdominal segments.
Tube eight and a half times the basal width. Cephalothoracic setae with a triple
and a quadruple long setae, the other ones small.
Abdomen with hair A of segment II longer than segment ; B on IV-VI triple,
double and double and longer than length of segment ; VII with hairs A, B, C and
C. 1 simple, double or even triple and developed. Hair A of VIII
multiple and
long. Paddle three times the length of segment VIII with minute spicules at apex.

351.
Fig. 351. -

Culex (Culex) chidestri

Dyar, 1921.
hasistyle and mesosome. Original.

Fig. 352. -

Pupa.

Abdominal

segments, dorsal.

Male

genitalia.

Upper

division

of

Original.

Larva - (fig. 353). Head : Antenna spiculose on basal two thirds, smooth
and darker on distal third, the tuft dense and at end of spiculose portion. Head
broader than long, the tufts multiple and feathered.
Body spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a single plate) 1 1.1.3. Pecten of segment VIII formed by a patch of forty free scales. Siphon sli-

CTJLEX

ghtly more than six times the basal width, attenuated uniformly towards apex ;
pecten slightly below t,he basal third, the two last scales detached, with eight
tufts in line, the basal one within the pecten. Anal segment ringed by the plate
which is spiculose in all its surface ; dorsal tuft (3 + 1) ; lateral tuft a small double
seta ; ventral brush dense.
Type totality - Bolivia, Rosario. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Panama:
Bolivia : Venezuela : Brad,
States of Amazonas, Par& and S. Paulo.

Fig.

353.

Culex

(Culex)

Culex
1906

Culex

Dyar

1915

Howard,

1918

Dyar,

Ins.

1928

Dyar,

MOB. Am.,

(Culex)

& Knab,

Dyar

J.

& Knab,

Ins.

chidestri

Mens.,

N.

1921.

Ent.

Mon.,

3 :

Sot.,

Larva.

Original.

Dyar & Knab,

derivator

Y.

6 :

Dyar,

14

1906.

216.

290.

100.

393.

Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, black. Occiput black, with

narrow, curved, whitish scales. Mesonotum dark brown, with pale brown to whitish narrow, curved scales ; pleurae pale. Abdomen black, the segments laterally
with apical white spots ; venter whitish. Legs black with bronzy reflection, femora
pale beneath ; femora and tibiae with slight whitish apices. Wing scales narrow.
Male Coloration of the female. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by more
than the length of the last joint, black. Hypopygium : Side-piece conical, with
large basal excavation, the lobe at outer fourth obsoletely divided, the inner division bearing two rods with curved, distorted tips ; outer division with about six
blade-like filaments and a long stout seta on the side. Clasper curved, outer half
flattened,
with appendiculate subapical spine. Tenth sternites membranous,
broad, a little thickened on inner margin, the tip with fine spines arranged in a
nearly single row, the two or three inner ones stouter and tooth-like. Ninth tergites
two small, remote lobes with several fine setae from tubercular bases. t Mesosomal
plate simple, with spinose-denticulate tip, the pair joined by a narrow bridge at
outer third.

C u

378

1, E x

Lama Head rounded quadrate, wider than long, bulging at the sides ;
antennae large, a tuft at the outer third, the part beyond slender, basal part spined ;
head-hairs in twos, anteantennal tuft multiple. Lateral comb of the eighth segment
of many narrow spines in a patch. Air-tube long and slender, ten times as long as
wide, the tip scarcely flared, pecten sparse and open, on the basal fourth, followed
by four delicate tufts along the posterior line. _4nal segment rather longer than
wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush on posterior half : dorsal tuft a long hair
and three moderate hairs on each side ; a single small lateral hair. ,4nal gills longer
than the segment, tapered.
Type locality - Mexico,
C6rdoba. Type ??
Distribution Mexico : Costa
Rica.
S. Paulo, 12th. March 1051.
Key

for

the

males

of

the

suhgenera

AEDINUS,

TINOLESTES

and

MELANOCONION.

1. Palpus of male always shorter than lengt)h of proboscis . . . . . . 2.

Palpus of male longer than length of proboscis by, at least, the
length of the last palpal segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13.
3
i. Without the upper division of basistyle ; the apical lobe represented only by the columnar process which is longer than the
appendices, when they exist ; claw long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.
Upper division of basistylc always present ; columnar process
with appendices longer than body of same ; claw short . . . . 4.
Subgenus

.IEDINITS.

3. Dististyle uniform ; columnar process ending in two short setae

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . accelerans
Dististyle modified at apex ; columnar process wit(hout setae at
apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . amaxonensis
Subgenus

TINOLESTES.

4. Tenth sternite with spicules and apical row of teeth only . . . . 5.

Tenth sOernite with many long setae below apical row of t,eeth
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . originator
5. Dististyle smooth and attenuated beyond apical third . . . . . . . 6.
Dististyle with apical spicules forming a crest or enlarged beyond
the middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.
6. Mesosome pointed or subquadratc at apex but without arms ;
dististyle simple and without a crest like st.ructurc . . . . . . . 7.
Mesosome with two arms ; dististyle with a hyaline crest before
the apical third and nearlv reaching base ; apical lobe with
three large and thick setac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zatisquama
7. Xnth tergite with the lobes remote, broader than wide and with
about eight set.ae ; mesosome subquadra.te at a.pex . . corriguni
Ninth tergite with the lobes approximate, longer t,han broad, with
about four setae ; mesosome pointed at apex . . . americanus

c t-

379

8. Upper division of apical lobe undivided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.

Upper division of apical lobe divided, each portion with greatly
inflated I~aves ; dististyle greatly swollen before apes ; mesosome rod like and with a basal arm . . . . . . . . . . . . . cauchensis
Dististyle spiculose at apes J columnar process with a patch of
setae limitSed to its base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lO.
Dististyle emoot,h at apes ; patch of set-ae advancing over
basal half of columnar process and reaching upper division. . . . .
..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . canaanensis
IO. AIesosome simple and spatulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.
Mesosome L-shaped due to hypertrophy of one of the lateral
arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...12.
9.

11. Upper division

ipper division
12. Upper division
Upper division
in the middle

with large setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . conseroator

with small setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . paganus
with a foliaceous seta in the middle. . browni
with a broad leaf besidcy several foliaceous setae
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bnmborum
Subgenus

MELANOCONION.

13. Tarsi, chiefly the hind ones, with large rings on join@ the fifth
segment completely white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II.
Tarsi dark, the rings, when present, very discreet and indistinct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...15.
14. Ninth tergite elongate and more than t,hree times basal width
(aquatic stages passed in crab-holes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . opisthopus
Ninth tergite rounded, nearly as broad as long . . . . . . . taeniopus
15. Mesonotum without darker spots on the integument . . . . . . .18.
Mesonotum with blackish int,egumental spots beyond root of
wing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..IG.
16. Abdomen with blackish tergites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17.
Abdomen with white spots on base of tergites ; black spot of
mesonotum without a distinct whitish margin . . . nigrimacula
17. Tibiae and tarsi dark ; mesonotal integument blackish ; posterior portion of occiput with black scales . . . . . . . . . ocellatus
Tibiae and tarsi whitish on under portion, chiefly on mid-pair ;
mesonotum with light brown integument ; yellowish forked
scales on posterior portion of occiput. . Culcz (Microculcx) stonei
18. Mesonotum with the anterior two thirds with golden scales and
including or not a dark spot, the posterior thircl mostly black
scaled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..lg.
Mesonotum with bronzy or coppery scales, in a few species with
golden or whitish scales but not forming the above two colored
pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...20.

380

CULEX

19. Anterior golden region of mesonotum with two dark, rounded

spots ; apical lobe with two detached leaves on its upper
fur
portion ............................................
Anterior golden region without spots ; mesosome with two distinct arms dividing the columnar process and upper division
which has several elements with various structures . . spissipes
20. Dististyle without ventral patches of hairs and not divided in
..23.
three portions .....................................
Dististyle with ventral patches of hair or divided into three
..21.
portions ...........................................
.22.
21. Dististyle with patches of hairs .........................
trifidus
Dististyle divided into three points .................
22. A patch of hairs at apex of ventral surface, beardlike ; no detached
comatus
leaf on upper division ..........................
A patch of hairs before apex of ventral surface ; a detached
coppenamensis
leaf on the upper division ....................
23. Ninth tergite developed and L-shaped, or with a thumblike protuberance on the inner margin, the apex with long and dense
.24.
setae (except in tecmarsis) ............................
..30.
Not so ..............................................
.25.
24. Plate of mesosome serrate on its upper margin * ...........
.26.
Plate of mesosome smooth on its upper margin ............
2.5. Dististyle with the headlike structure longer than the basal
egcymon
portion and with an angled appearance ..........
Dististyle with the headlike structure normal and on its apical
serratimarge
folu-th ......................................
.27.
Ninth
tergite
with
very
long
and
dense
pilosity
............
26.
tecmarsis
Ninth tergite with very short pilosity ...............
.28.
27. Dististyle with a headlike knob at apex ...................
Dististyle gradually attenuated apically, the elements on the
elepkas
apical lobe short and bhick .......................
.29.
28. Upper division without a leaflike seta ....................
This division with a large leaflike seta near the hooked one
................................................
alogistus
caudelli
29. Mesosome with one of the upper points elongate ........
vexillifer
Mesosome with both points about the same size .....
30. Ninth tergite with the fused lobes forming a quadrate structure
.31.
and bearing a lateral finger shaped protuberance ........
..34.
Not so ..............................................
.32.
31. Columnar process with other setae besides a and b ..........
pilosus
This process bearing only setae a and b ...............
* By mesosome we mean the second plate of this structure.

CULEX

381

.33.
32. Mesosome with small projections .......................
Mesosome with a long projection, as long as body of same . . rooti
33. With three long spatulate setae below the columnar process
innovator
...............................................
With a single spatulate seta inserted within columnar process
unicornis
...............................................
34. A leaf present between upper division and the apes of basistyle...............................................35.
.42.
............................
Without such a leaf ......
.36.
35. Columnar process with setae a and b parallel ..............
This process with setae a and b divergent and crooked . . fZabeZZifer
.38.
36. Apical lobe with more than seven elements ................
.37.
This lobe with only five elements ........................
37. Dististyle bent in the middle and densely setose on its upper
venezuelensis
margin .....................................
Dististyle not bent and with short setae on its upper margin...............................................aiken
i
38. Mesosome smooth on the lateral margin ..................
Mesosome spiculose on the lateral margin ..............

.39.
dunni

39. Upper division with one or t,wo setae inserted before apex ... .40.
Upper division with the setae inserted at same level as the large
2eteki
leaf .............................................
.41.
40. Without a secondary row of small leaves on basistyle .......
With such a row of small leaves placed basad and laterad to the
atratus
columnar process .................................
41. Columnar process with a hooked set,a ; the detached leaf large
jubifer
and expanded ; ninth tergite thumblike ..............
Columnar process with the setae straight ; the detached seta small
commeuynensis
and narrow ................................
.45.
...............
Columnar
process
with
setae
a
and
b
only
42.
-43.
This process with additional elements ...................
43. A leaf and a small seta inserted just before setae a and b. .... .44.
An additional long seta inserted below setae a and b . . brevicolus
44. Upper division with the second upper branch slender, tlhe setae
paracrybda
shorter than the length of respective branch ......
Upper division with the second upper branch thick, the setae loncrybda
ger than the length of respective branch .............
45. Ninth tergite with a slender fingerlike protuberance on the inner,
46.
upper margin .......................................
Ninth tergite differently shaped ; an outer elongation may,
.47.
however, be present on the upper margin ..............
amitis
46. Ninth tergite with more than ten short set,ae .........

7imacijer
Ninth tergite with about five long setae ............
.48.
47. Sinth tergite variously shaped but not thumblike .........
opisthopus
Nnth tergite thumblike .........................
48. Upper margin of mesosome serrate on whole surface ; the arms
lateral...............................................49.
..59.
Not so ..............................................
.50.
49. SerraCon reduced to four or five coarse teeth ..............
Serration formed by many minute teet)h ; setae a and h diver..~l.
gent ..............................................
euansae
50. Upper division with a large leaf .....................
batesi
Without such a leaf on upper division ................
.52.
51. Each side of mesosome wit.h an arm ......................
..~6.
xot so ..............................................
52. Upper division with the elements ending in, a large triangular
..53.
leaf ...............................................
.55.
This division without such a leaf ........................
.54.
53. Xnth tergite elongate .................................
pEectoporpe
Ninth tergite rounded ............................
54. Ninth t.ergite nude at base which projects downwards . . phlogistus
inhibitator
Ninth tergite ovate ..............................
Oedipus
55. Ninth tergite sparsely setose .........................
albinensis *
Ninth tergite densely setose .....................
.57.
56. With seven or eight clemente on upper division ............
madininensis
With only three element,s on upper division ........
.58.
57. Without a leaf inserted in t,he middle of upper division .....
With such a leaf ; a single arm on one side of mesosome.......
elevator
.................................................
58. Lateral margin of mesosome with two points, one of them dilucifugus
vided .........................................
Without such a combination of characters on mesosome .......
terebor *
................................................
59. Mesosome with two to four teeth on upper point or arm .... .c>O.
..62.
n-ot so ..............................................
.61.
GO. Without a, large leaf on the upper division ................
corentynensis
With such a leaf at the base of upper rlivision ......
educator
61. JIesosome with three arms ........................
iolambdis
Nesosome with two arms .........................
62. Upper division with a large leaf which is longer than the other
--* 11~have not been able to see the w-ration on upper margin of mesosome in
albinensis and tereDor_ Itoxeboom and Kemp illustrate the mesosomc of these
two specks as serrate on upper margin. L-ntil further studies can be made
we have found it advisable to key both species.

c u L

s
_________

383
_

elements and broader than all the other elements combined................................................63.

Wit,hout such a leaf, a smaller one may, however, be present . .66.
.G4.
63. Dististyle average ......................................
Dististyle produced on its lower apical surface ; ninth t,ergite
menytes
with a protuberance which projects downwards .....
.65.
..................
64. Ninth tergite small and with a few setae
erxdicus
Ninth tergite ovate and with many setae ............
65. Dististyle with a crest shaped structure on its mesial portlion of
vomerijer
dorsal surface ..................................
mutator
Without such a, structure on the dististyle .............
.68.
66. Point of insertion of seta b average .......................
G7.
Point of insertion of set!a b swollen .......................
prrtumayensis
67. Nint,h tergite ovate ............................
rorotuensis
Ninth tergit!e subtriangular .......................
68. Points of insertion of setae a and b approximated, these setae more
.69.
or less parallel ......................................
Points of insertion of setae a and b at different levels and wide
.77.
apart, the setae always divergent ......................
.70.
69. Stem of columnar process smooth .......................
psathaws
St%emof columnar process rugose at apes ............
.71.
70. Without a detached leaf at apex of t)he upper arm ..........
W&h a detached leaf at apex of upper arm ; ninth tergite rounded
rabanicolus
and wit,h a few setae ..........................
.72.
71. Ninth tergite elongate .................................
.73.
Ninth tergite rounded .................................
bequnerti
............................
72. Mesosome triangular
Mesosome ovoid, a protuberance projecting downwards ......
bastagarius
.............................................
$4.
73. Dististyle knobed into a headlike structure at apes .........
,nigrescens
Distist#yle not much t#hickened at apes ..............
.iS.
74. Mesosome with the arms equidistant ....................
Mesosome with two of the arms close together, the third one on
thomasi
the opposite lateral margin .......................
75. Ninth tergite rounded and projecting on the upper external
..76.
margin ...........................................
ybarmis
Ninth tergite flattened and broader t?ran long .........
idottus
76. Ninth tergite with many short setae ..................
inadmirabilis
Ninth tergite with a few long setac ...............
77. Upper portion of mesosome ending in three points or arms. .. .81.
..78.
sot so ..............................................
.79.
78. Mesosome with two arms ..............................

384

79.
80.
81.
82.

83.
84.

dyius
Mesosome with a single arm ........................
.80.
Arms of mesosome projecting from the sides ...............
terebor
Not so, both arms prcjectings upwards .................
albinensis
One arm on each side of mesosome ................
conspirator
Roth arms on one side of the mesosome ...........
.82.
Upper division without a leaf ..........................
.84.
This division with a leaf ..............................
.83.
Ninth tergite rounded .................................
Ninth tergite elongate and more than twice the basal width
maxinocca
..L ................................
...........
andricus
Upper division with seven elements ................
quadrifo2iatus
This division with six elements .................
.85.
Ninth tergite rounded .................................
.86.
Ninth tergite shaped otherwise .........................

comminutor
85. Ninth tergite with a lateral point .................
sursumptor
Ninth tergite longer than broad ...................
86. Columnar process with spiculosity at base ; arms not widely
eastor
divergent .........................................
Columnar process without such spiculosity, the arms widely
intrincatus
divergent .....................................
We have not included the following species in the key : - Zuteopleurus because it is only known in the female ; alcocci, carcinophilus,
nicceriensis, phlabistus and saramaccenszsbecause essential characters
were not seen in the types which we examined or descriptions were
defficient .
We have not included the Nearctic species abominator, anips,
mulrennani and peccator.
Keys for females, pupae and adults are not included because this
subgenus is, hitherto, known mostly by the male genitalia and the
immature stages or females are known in comparatively few forms.
We believe that the taxonomy of the subgenus Melanoconion is quite
insufficient for a reliable separation of species and that too much stress
is given to certain genitalic characters such as the number and shape
of the setae on the apical lobe of basistyle. Some of the characters
used are also of a definitely secondary value.
After we had finished the final copy of this manuscript, a paper
by Komp & Rozeboom (1951, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 53 (3) : 121-137)
was received. In it these authors describe the following species of
Culex (Melanoconion) as new : - f oliafer, lacertosus, mistura, wepsteri,
jocasta, kummi, galindoi and confundior.
The subgenus Aedinus besides short palpus on adults of both
sexes, has characters of subgeneric importance in the male genitalia.
The same does not ha.ppen with the subgenera Melanoconion and
Tinolestes because the only characters for their separation are the

relative length of the male palpus, which is short in Tti~aolestes

and long
in _Melunoconion.
For this reason those species described only from mounted male
genitalia may, when the adult males are known, prove to belong to
one or t,he other of these subgenera.

1905

dedinus

1919

Fubonnea

Lutz,

Subgenus A4EDINUS
type A.
Med.,
13 : 103 -

Lutz, 1905.
amuzonensis

Imp.

Dyar,

Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

7 :

150 -

type

Lutz.

C. tapena

Dyar.

Characters
: - Roth sexes with palpus about one fifth the length
of proboscis. Proboscis as long as fore femur. Vertex with narrow
scales mixed with erect forked ones. Pleura without setae on mesepimeron. Wing with broad scales. Male genitalia with a very elongate
lobe on basistyle, inserted in the middle and without or bearing setae
c1and b. Tenth sternite having a row of teeth at apex.
Pupa and larva - Unknown.
Culex
1904

Aedinus

1905

Lutz,

1908

Peryass6,

OS Cul.

1910

Theobald,

Mon.

1923

Culex

1925 Bonne
syn.

(Aedinus)

amazonensis

Imp.

Med.,

(Aedinus)

13

Lutz

Dynr,

& Bonne-Wepster,

1919

CzAex fapena

1923

Culex

and

hildebrandi

nom.

nud.),

Mos.

Brasil,

1905).
46.

103.

Brasil,
Cul.,

(Lutz,

amazonensis

(in Bourroul,

253.

Ins.

487.
Ins.
Mos.

Mew.,
Sur.,

11

190.

279.

1922 C?tZex paraplesiu

Evans,

An.

Trop.

Med.

Dyar,
$

Ins.
Par.,

Ins.
17

Mew.,
377.

7 :

150

and

10:

130.

Abdomen : Tergites dark with basal white bands on segment II-VII,

sparsely
covered with yellow setae, denser at apex.
Male - Palpus, short, slender, three times the length of clypeus. Antenna
strongly plumose and as long as proboscis. White scales of mentum reaching ocular
margin. Abdomen pilose.

Fig.

354.

Culex
(Aedinus)
Original.

amazoncmis

(Lutz,

1904).

Wing.

Showing

broad

scaling.

Genitalia : (fig. 355). Basistyle ovate, less than twice greatest width ; columnar process very long and ending in a point which is spiculose at apex ; beyond
the lobe there are three or four broad flattened setae in an irregular row and about
the same number of rounded, slender setae. Dististyle slender, slightly curved,
with a subapical thickening and ending in a point. Claw subterminal, long and
pointed. Mesosome as in fig. 355. Tenth sternite with nine long teeth on pecten.
Xnth tergite with the median space even, the lobes strongly and finely pilose on top.
Pupa and Zurva Unknown.
Type locality Brad,
State of Amazonas, Manaus. Type in I. 0. C.
Distribution Brad,
States of S. Paul0 and Amazonas : Venezuela
:
Colombia

Surinam.

Culex
1927

Culex

(Aedinus)

1928

Dear,Mos.

Am.,

(Aedinus)

accelerans

Root,

Am.

accelerans
J. Hyg.,

Root, 1927.

581.

285.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

Male - Proboscis as long as fore femur, swollen at tip, blackish. Palpus
twice the length of clypeus. Antenna strongly plumose. Occiput with whitish
scales on vertex, blackish ones behind mixed with yellowish forked ones.
Thorax : Mesonotum with brown integument and yellowish brown scales.
Scutellum the color of mesonotum ; 3-6-3 marginal setae.
Legs dark, femora white on whole length ventrally.
Wing with ovate scales, narrow ones on stem of 4th. 5th. and 6th. veins.
Abdomen : Missing.
Genitalia : (fig. 356). Basistyle twice the length of broadest width ; apical
lobe a little beyond middle, ending in two short, flattened, closely appressed setae,
a small seta at base. Dististyle two thirds the length of basistyle, slender. Claw
long. Mesosome forming a rod at apex with an arm at extreme base. Tenth sternite
with eight teeth forming the pecten. Ninth tergite with finger shaped lobes bearing
six very short setae.
Type locality Brasil,
State of Rio de Janeiro, Porto das Caixas. Type
in U. S. N. M.
Distribution That of type locality.

357

355

356.

Fig.

355.

Culer

(Aedinus)

amazonensis

Fiq.

356.

Culex

(Aedinus)

aecelerans

Subgenus
Tinolestes

Coquillett,

Proc.

Ent.

1905

Micruedes

Coquillett,

ibd.,

1906

IsostomZ/ia

Coquillett,

U. S. Dept.

1923

Root,

Sot.

Male

1927.

type

Apr.,

185 -

bisulatus

Bul.

genitalia.

genitalia.

Coquillett,

Wash.,

185 -

Male

1905).

TINOLESTES

1905

(as perturbans

(Lutz,

Ent.,

type

Original.

Original.

1905

latisquamu

Coq.

Coq.

Tech.

Ser.,

11

16, 24 -

type

conservator

Williston).

Anoediporpa

Dyar,

Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

11

190 -

type

conservator

D.

& K.

Characters
Both sexes have short palpi from about haJf to
one fifth the length of proboscis. The male genitalia have the same
characters as those found in Melanoconion.
Lawn The eighth segment has free scales in several rows.
Aquatic stages are passed in natural containers such as tree holes, water
found in the axils of leaves of bromeliaceae and internodes of bamboo.
Culex
1906

(Tinolestes)

TinoEestes Coquillett,

Proc.

1906 Dyar

& Knab,

J.

1915

Culez

Howard,

Dyar

N.

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

1935

Komp,

1950

Rozeboom

Y.

Am.,

Proc.

Ent.

& Knab,

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

Ent.

Mos.

Soo.,

Wash.,
14

: 22.
: 303.

Mon.,

Sur.,

278.

336.

Ent.

& Komp,

Sot.
An.

Wash.,
Ent.

(Coquillett,

latisquama
Sot.

37
Sot.

8.
Am.,

43 :

92.

185.

1906).

388
_

--_____

C
--__-

1,

X
__-_._

__

.__

Female - Proboscis one sixth the length of fore femur, slightly thickened
at apex, blackish. Palpus one seventh the length of proboscis. Occiput with narrow
blackish scales with white reflection.
Thorax with dark brown integument. Pronotal lobe with dark brown setae.
Mesonotum coppery scaled and bearing long dorsocentral and supralar set,ac.
Scutellum the color of mcsonotum. Pleura with the setae short.
Legs dark, femora white ventrally.
Wing with broad scales on veins 2, 3 and 4.
Abdomen : Tergites black with small basolateral white spots. Sternites
whittih with apical blackish marks.
Male - Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus half as long
as proboscis. Antenna as long as proboscis and sparsely plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 357). Basistyle subquadrate ; apical lobe formed by a tubcrcle on which two thick, short, blunt and expanded setae at apex and an additional
long one are inserted ; preceeding t,his structure there is a double row formed by
about twenty slender, pointed setae inserted in distinct tubercles ; beyond the
apical lobe there are three or four differentiated setae, which arc slender, pointed
and inserted also in distinct tubercles. Dististyle a little more than half as long
as basistyle, thick, of striking shape and with an hyaline crest. Claw small and
terminal.
Mesosome as long as basistyle with a sinuate apical point and a lateral
thick arm. Tenth sternite with about twenty t,eeth forming the pecten. Ninth
tergite with lobes approximate, rounded, wifh many setae inserted on large tubercles and directed sideways.

basal ones small, outer ones large. Air-tube slender, long, straight, about ten times
as long as wide, the pecten reaching nearly the basal third ; hairs obsolete. Anal
segment as wide as long, ringed by the plate, ventral brush posterior ; dorsal tuft
a long hair and a long and four very short ones on each side. Anal gills not as long
as the segment, pointed.
Type Zoccdity- Costa Rica, Puerto Limon. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Costa Rica and Panama.

Culex

(Tinolestes)

americanus

(Neveu-Lemaire,

1902).

1902 Aedeomgiu Neveu-Lemaire, Ar. Par., 6 : 23.

1903 Theobald, Mon. Cul., 3 : 306.
1908 Peryassb, OS Cul. Brazil, 252.
1917 Culex Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mon., 4 : 893.
1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 343.
1945 Floch & Abonnenc, Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Ininii, 110 : 36.
syn. 1906 Micraedes bisulcatus Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 14 : 208.
1906 CuEexDyar & Knab, J. N. Y. Ent. Sor., 14 : 208.
1915 Howard, Dyar & Knab, iMon., 3 ; 306 ; 1917 Howard, Dyar KzKnab, id., 4 : 893.
1922 Root, Am. J. Hyp., 2 : 395.
1925 Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur.. 275.
1928 Culex (Melanoconion)
antillum-magnorum Dyar. Mos. Am., 344.
1935 Culex (M.) aatillum-magnorum Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 37 : 9.
1950 Culex (M.) antillum-maono-urn as syn. americanus Rozehoom & Kemp. An. Ent. Sot.
Am.. 43 : 77.

Female - Proboscis the length of fore femur, dark. Palpus half as long as
proboscis. Occiput, with narrow, curved, yellowish white scales.

Fig. 359. -

Cnlex

Original.

(Tinolestes)

americanus

( Seveu-Lemaire,

1902 ) .

&tale

genitalia.

390

Thorax

light brown. Mesonotum with dark brown scales, the setae veq
the dorsocentral row. Scutellum the color of mesonotum.
Legs brown, undersides of femora white.
Wing with very narrow scales.
Abdomen blackish above with basolateral white spots.
Male Proboscis one fifth shorter than fore femur, thickened at apex.
Palpus more than one third the length of proboscis, slender, dark. Antenna as
long as proboscis, moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 359). Dististyle long, attenuated towards apex. Claw short
and broad. Basistyle with a few setae below the columnar process ; columnar
process formed by separate columns bearing straight setae, the lower shorter and
having a secondary seta at its base ; upper arm with six long, straight setae. Mesosome with a long slender point. Tenth sternite with twelve teeth on apical comb
and four spicules below it. Nnth tergite with the lobes approximate, higher than
broad, ovate and wit,h four setae.
Pupa - Tube slender, long. Segment VIII with hair A twice as long as segment and with three branches.
Larva - (fig. 360). Head hair 4 short and simple, 5, 6 and 7 long and multiple,
8 four branched, slender and in a tuft. Antenna with sparse spiculosity, the tuft
beyond middle.

10% specially

Fig.

360.

Culcx

(Tinolestes)

americanus

(Nel-en-Lemaire,

1902).

Larva.

Original.

Body nude, the setae in rosettes as some species of Sabethini. Prothoracic

hair formula, 1, 2 and 3 in long, branched tufts, - 1 - 1.1. ? Setae 1 and 2 are
very close together. Lateral comb of segment VIII with the scales in three compact
rows. Tube slender, long ; pecten below the middle, about eight tufts beyond the
pecten. Plate of anal segment with very long posterior spines : dorsal setae (1 + 3).
Type Zocality - French
Guiana,
Counani. Type ?
Distribution Guianas
: Puerto
Rico : Guadeloupe
: S. Domingo:
Cuba
and Greater
Antilles.

391

CULEX

Culex
1906

Culrx

Dyar

(Tinolestes)
& Knab,

1915

Howard,

1918

Dyar.

Dyar

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

1931

Shannon,

syn.

1906

Czc.lex &isor

1922

Culex

Ins.

& Knab,

Ins.

Mew.,

Mos.

Am.,
Proc.

13

Culex

Y.

SOL,

1923

103

Dyar & Knab, 1906.

conservator
Ent.

Mon.,

& Bonne-Wepster,

id.,
1941

.l. N.

Mos.

11

221.

308.

Sur.,

Dyar,

Id.,

11 :

189.

Sot.,

14

261.

345.
Ent.

Sot.

Dyar

Wash.,

33

& Knab,

J.

8.

N.

Y.

bifoZiatu8

Dyar,

Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

1926 Dyar,

id.,

14:

169

surukumeneis

Anduze,

Rev.

Ent.

222.

10 : 92 ; 1923 Dyar,

id.,

11

189

1925 Dyar,

113.
San.

y -4s. SOL,

812.

Female - Howard, Dyar & Knab (1915) : - Proboscis long, slender, swollen
apically, labellae conically tapered ; vestiture black with a bronzy and blue reflection ; setae minute, curved, black, those on the labellae more prominently
outstanding. Palpi short, less than one-fifth as long as proboscis, slender, uniform,
black, with a few outstanding setae at base. Antennae rather long, the joints
subequal, rugose, pilose, blackish, second joint longer than third and slightly stouter ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous, brown on
inner side, hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black. Clypeus rounded triangular,
prominent, brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput brown, clothed with narrow, curved
pale brown scales, with many erect, forked brown ones intermixed, flat white
scales below on the sides, margin of eyes white scaled ; a row of bristles along
margin of eyes.
Prothoracic lobes pale, with brown bristles, Mesonotum brown, with two
narrow, bare lines on anterior half ; vestiture of narrow, curved bronzy-brown
scales, with paler ones on anterior margin and sides of disk ; bristles long, coarse,
black. Scutellum trilobate, with similar vestiture to the mesonotum, each lobe
with a group of long, coarse black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent,
brown, nude. Pleurae and coxae pale greenish with a few white scales and rows
of pale bristles.
Abdomen subcylindrical, truncate at tip ; dorsal vestiture uniformly bronzy
black, a row of pale bristles at tips of segments ; venter yellowish-white scaled,
with submetallic luster.
Wing moderate, hyaline ; . . . . . Scales of veins brown with a blue reflection
on costa broadly linear, denser on forks of second vein and apical half of third.
Halteres whitish, with black knobs.
Legs slender, rather long ; vestiture blue black with a bronzy reflection,
femora pale beneath. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.
1CIaEe- Proboscis articulated in the middle, blackish, a little lighter below,
as long as fore femur, slightly thickened at apex ; labellum whitish. Palpus short,
twice the length of clypeus. Antenna plumose, the last three segments pilose.
Genitalia : (fig. 361). Basistyle slightly more than twice the greatest width ;
an internal patch of short differentiated setae before columnar process ; columnar
process with the lower seta inserted more basally, both setae close together and
ending in a beak ; upper division with six foliaceous elements, of different sizes
and close together. Dististyle shorter than basistyle, the apical half differentiated
in a snout shaped structure, the upper margin of which is setose, with lateral
spicules. Claw large and expanded at apex. Tenth sternite with five teeth.
Mesosome as in figure.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Dyar (1928). (fig. 362). Head elliptical, somewhat wider than
long. Antennae long and slender, infuscated, spinulated, a tuft at the outer sixth,
the part beyond more slender ; head-hairs, upper in four, lower single, both long,
darkly colored, anteantennal tuft multiple, shorter. Lateral comb of the eighth
segment of many narrow spines in a triangular patch, the posterior ones twice as
long as the anterior ones but not in a conspicuous row. Air-tube long, straight,

flared at base, ten times as long a4 wide; pecten on basal fourth, few teeth, long
and sharp, a single hair following and another single one toward apex, others
perhaps detached (four shown in the monograph figure).
Anal segment longer
than wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush posterior ; dorsal tuft a long hair
and a shorter long hair on each side. Anal gills about as long as the segment,
pointed.
Trinidad,
S. Jose, Montserrat.
Type lost.
Type locality Distribution Trinidad
: Martinique
: Tobago : Surinam : Venezuela : Panama : Bras&
Northeastern States, Amazonas.

362.
Fia.

361.

Cuiex

(Tinolestes)

conservator

Edgar

&

Iinab,

1906.

lobe of basistylp in two specimens, dististyle,

Original.
Fig.

362.

1907

Cules

I&ad

Larva.

Culex
Dyer

1915 Howard,

(Tinolestes)

& Knab,

Dyar
hp.

Ins.

J.

&ah,

1921

Dynr,

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

Mens

syn .

1914Cderchalcorgstes
Female -

Am.,

N.

Y.

Mon.,
,

& Bonne-Wepstcr,
Mos.

and terminal

9:

abdominal segments.

corrigani
Ent.

tenth

Sop.,

15

Dyar

&

Male genitalia.
Upper
sternite and mesosome.

Original.

Knab, 1907.

203.

3 : 386.

30.

AIos.

Sur.,

%j.

347.
Martilli,

111s. Ins.

hlens.,

70

1918 Dyar,

Proboscis dark brown, as long as fore femur.

id., 6

l@Z.

Palpus light brown,

twicethe length of clypeus. Antenna filiform, a little longer than proboscis. Occiput
with slender, white curved scales mixed with light brown ones which are forked.
Thorax : Mesonotum light brown, darker in the middle, covered with light
brown scales except on margins which are white scaled, the setae long and brown.
Scutellum with 4-6-4 setae, scales as in mesonotum.
Legs blackish except femora ventrally, femoro tibia1 joints and apex of
hind tibia which are whitish.
-4bdomen with blackish tergites.

Male - Proboscis longer than fore femur, blackish. Palpus three times the
length of clypeus, blackish. Antenna shorter than proboscis and moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 363). Basistyle subconical, small ; seta a inserted slightly
below b and pointed ; b thicker and blunt ; upper division formed by five or six
elements which are elongate, some larger than the others, and some foliaceous
setae. Dististyle two thirds the length of basistyle, simple, curved t.owards apex,
with two spicules. Claw large, subterminal.
Mesosome of peculiar shape as in
figure. Ninth tergite with the lobes removed, the median space slightly convex ;
the lobes rounded, broader than high and with six to eight, slender setae.
Pupa Unknown.

363.
Fig.

363.

Culex

Fig.

364.

Larva.

:l64.
(Tinolestes)
Head

and

rurrigani
terminal

Dyar
abdominal

& Kasb.

190i.

segments.

Xale

genitah.

(hisin:ti

Original.

Lana - Dyar (1928). (fig. 364). Head ovate, wider than long ; sntenuac~
long and slender, a tuft at the outclr fourth, the part beyond more slender, spinulatc :
head-ha,irs, upper in four, lower single, both long, anteantennal tuft multfipltl,
shorter. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of many long spines in a triangulat
patch. Air-tube long and slender, a litt#le flared at the base, ten times as long as
wide ; pecten on the basal fourth or less, followed by four single hairs. Anal
segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate, vent,ral brush posterior ; dorsal
tuft two long hairs on each side. Anal gills shorter than the segment, pointed.
Type localit?/ - Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Disfrih?rtion - Panama.

394

Culex
1922

Culex

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

1938

Kumm

1939

Senevet

(Tinolestes)

Gordon

& Evans,

Mos.

Am.,

& Novis,

I,

Trop.

Mos,

Med.

Sur.,

Gordon and Evans, 1922.

originator

An.

& Bonne-Wepster,

& Par.,

16

323.

264.

346.
Am.

& Abonnenc,

J.

Hyg.,

Ar.

Ins.

27:

503.

Pasteur

rllgkrie,

18:

112.

Fern&e - Proboscis as long as fore femur, blackish. Palpus one and a half
times the length of clypeus. Occiput with narrow whitish scales intermixed with
blackish ones and with erect forked blackish scales ; long setae on vertex and
ocular margin. Antenna dark brown ; flagellum one and a half times the lengt,h
of proboscis.
Thorax greenish. Pronotal lobe with brownish scales. Mesonotum with
brown scales and nude lines in Dhe integument ; no acrost,ichal setae, the dorsocentrals very long and developed as well as the supralars.
Legs dark, only whitish scales on femora, ventrally.
Femoro-tibia1 joints
also white.
Wing narrow scaled. Haltere wit.h white stem and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish, very small yellowish basolateral spots on tergites.
_&I&e - Proboscis brown, articulated beyond the middle and as long as fore
femur. Palpus brown, one sixth the length of proboscis. Antenna three fourths
the length of proboscis, moderakly plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 365). Rasistyle ovate, twice the broadest width ; apical
lobe with the lower branch long, longer than the setae, setose inferiorly, seta a
inserted quite below b, both deformed, the apex curved ; columnar process elongate,
subdivided, the lower portion with a long foliaceous seta followed by another below
it ; the upper division with a leaf which is long and expanded at apex and followed
by two foliaceous setae, one of them the largest ; at base a spicule. Dististyle
shorter than basistyle, angled in the middle, attenuated towards apex, with a
few spicules below and serrate on upper margin. Claw subterminal expanded and
developed. Tenth sternites ending in fifteen teeth, from the middle towards apex
Me&some ending in two point,s. Ninth
with long and characteristic pilosity.
tergites with the lobes quite removed, small, broader than long and sparsely covered
with longpilosit,y.
Pupa Unknown.
Larz~a Gordon and Evans (1922). Dorsal head hairs consisting of an
inner pair of long tufts associated with a single long seta, and an outer pair of
shorter tufts. Antennae normal, spiny. Mental plate narrow with a very wide
median tooth and eight smaller ones on each side, the last one remote. Thoras
rounded, wider than long. Siphon tube very long, length nearly eleven times the
average width. Pecten not reaching beyond basal quarter, three long hairs beyond.
Type locality - Brasil,
State of Amazonas, Macap&. Type in the Liverpool
School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Distribution - French
Guiana
: Brasil,
States of Amazonas, Para and
Territory of Amapa.

Culex
1923

Culez

192.5 Bonne
1943 Lane

Evans,

An.

(Tinolestes)

Trop.

& Bonne-Wepster,
& Whitman,

Rev.

Med.
Mos.
Ent.,

paganus

& Par.,
Sur.,
14 :

17

Evans, 1923.

104.

263.
397.

Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, blackish. Palpus one and a half
times the length of clypeus, blackish. Clypeus and torus brown. Occiput covered
with yellow golden scales, the erect forked ones also golden, ocular margin with
whitish scales. Flagellum as long as proboscis.

395

Thorax greenish. Pronotal lobe with whitish scales. Mesonotum with greyish
scales, whitish ones on the sides. Pleura with narrow whitish scales.
Legs blackish, only the basal half of femora white underneath.
Wing narrow scaled.
Abdomen with blackish tergites. Sternites yellowish.
Male - Palpus one seventh the length of proboscis. Antenna shorter than
proboscis, moderately plumose.
Genitalia : See figure of Evans (1923). (fig. 366). Tenth sternites slender,
comb-shaped distally with about six teeth.

366.
Fig.

365.

Culex

(Tinolestes)

Fig.

366.

Culex
1923,

(Tinnlestes)
An. Trap.

originator

Gordon

paganus
Evans,
Med.
& Par.,
17

8; Evans,
1923.
(1)

1922.

Pupa and larva Unknown.

Type locality - Venezuela.
Type in the Liverpool
dicine.
Distribution Venezuela.

Culex
1936

Culex

(Isostom@u)

(Tinolestes)

Kemp,

An.

Ent.

Sot.

browni
Am.,

29

Male

genitalia.

Male genitalia.
fig. 2).

(Based

Original.
on

Evans,

School of Tropical

Me-

Komp, 1936.
326.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

Male Palpus one sixth the length of proboscis. Proboscis one seventh
longer than length of fore femur, articulated in the middle. Clypeus and torus
yellowish.
Thorax with vellowish integument, t,hat of mesonotum darker behind.
Haltere yellowish. (the rest of characters damaged).
Genitalia : (fig. 367). Basistyle with long columnar process ; seta a inserted
below b both of them hooked at apex ; a patch of closely appressed setae, from
distinct tubercles, below the columnar process ; upper division distinct with a
long foliaceous seta followed by six appressed, foliaceous shorter setae and a small
leaf in the middle of this division. Dististyle curved beyond t,he middle, where
it is attenuated and bears a coarse serration on dorsal surface ; apex upturned.
Claw subterminal and broad. Mesosome with a very long lateral arm, the inner

396

TJ

L E

one short and turned upwards. Tenth sternite with seven teeth. Ninth tergitc
with the lobes remot)e, median space concave, each lobe with seven or eight slender
setae.
Canal Zone. Type in Ii. S. N. hf.
Type ZocnZity- Panama,
Dist~%ution Panama.

Eig. 367. -

Culex

(Tinolestes)

basistyle, dististyle,

Cules
1943

Culex

(Tinolestes)

(Isostomyia)

browni
Komp, 1936.
Male
mesosome and ninth tergite.

canaanensis

Lane & Whitman,

genitalia.
Original.

Upper

lobe of

Lane and Whit,man, 1943.

Rev. Ent., 14 : 398.

Fern&e - Proboscis blackish, lighter at base, nearly as long as fore femur.

Palpus blackish, twice the length of clypeus. Occiput with whitish linear scales
and yellow, forked ones behind.
Thorax : Mesonotum blackish with slender, curved dark brown scales ;
dorsocentral setae developed, thicker on prescutellar region ; posthumerals and
supralars abundant, curved and blackish. Scutellum the color of mesonotum with
3-4-3 marginal setae. Pleura blackish and greenish.
Legs blackish, coxae and femora whitish internally.
Wing with linear scales. Haltere with white stem and black knob.
Abdomen : Tergites black with small basal triangular yellowish spots. Sternites whitish.
lMaZe - Palpus twicct the lengt,h of clypeus.

397

CULES

Genitalia : (fig. 368). Uasistyle attenuated apically, twice the basal width,
ctsternally setose and with a dense region of long hairs which, from base, envolves
the apical lobe and ends in the upper division ; columnar process covered until
nearly the middle by the above mentioned hairs and ending in two foliaceous
elements, the lower inserted more basallv ; upper division short, nude, with a
large, foliaceous and striated leaf inserteddin the middle and another smooth one
which is small, curved and preapical, at apex four or five short setae. Dististyle
shorter than basistyle, thick and ending in a beak, two spicules on internal margin ;
terminal claws two. Tenth sternites sclerotized on margin and with six or seven
teeth. Mesosome with high anterior plate, subquadrate, the lower one rounded and
low. Ninth tergite with the lobes rounded and bearing six to nine setae each,
intcrlobar space broad and even.

364.
Fig.

368.

Culex

(Tinolestes)

369.
cnnaanensis

(Based on Lane & Whitman,

Fig. 269. -

Lane & Whitman,

1943.
UllP
Rev. Ent.. 14: figs. 9 and 9a., .

Larva.
(Based on Lane R- Whitman,
of pupaalgo shown.

genitalis.

Rev. Ent., 14: figs. 11 k 12).

Tube

/((~)a - Tube strongly sclerot izcd, spicBulos:cb

, six times greatest width. Dorsal
of cophalothoras minute.
Abdomen : Hair R of segment II very small, III \\-ith this hair half as long
:W segment, in IV and V as long, ant1 OII 1-I a little shorter than length of segment ;
tuft A of VIT and VIII with three to five branches, short. Paddlt) long, more than
I wicc the length of segment.
hrva
(fig. 369). Head broudcr than long, dark. Antenna with a multiple
tutt on apical fourth cntling in t\vo spicules and a smaller one. Hair .5 simple, (i
t riplc, 7 a pennate tuft, 8 double and !) a stn:lll tuft..
Body nude : p~*~hxw.Ac hair formula 2.1.1. - 2 - 2.x.x. Iecten of segment
\-III
a patch of several rows ol scales. Siphon strongly srlcrotized basally, with
(II wiitioul :I11:\l)ical sclcrotixccl ring : fiif cw I imcts basal width,$hc base broadest,

Axe

398

CULEX

attenuated gradually towards apex ; pecten basal with ten spinelike scales and a
few simple or double setae inserted quite a distance one from the others. Anal
segment ringed by the plate which is strongly sclerotized ; dorsal tuft (1 + l),
lateral of two small hairs. Gills a little shorter than length of anal segment.
Type Zoccdity- Brad,
State of Espirito Santo, Vale do Canaan. Type in
U. S. N. M.
Distribution- That of type locality.

Culex

(Tinolestes)

cauchensis

Floch and Abonnenc, 1945.

: 1.

1945 CuZex (Mekznoconion) Floch & Abonnenc, Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Inini, 112
1950 Rozeboom and Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 88.

Male - Floch and Abonnenc (1945) mention the following characters : Proboscis brown. Palpus quite shorter than proboscis, brown. Antenna longer
than proboscis, plumose. Occiput with dark brown scales.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with strong setae. Mesonotum with greyish integument and bronzy scales, the setae strong. Pleura whitish green.
Legs dark ; femora whitish underneath at base, on hind one reaching the
basal three fourths.
Abdomen : Tergites dark with basal white scales on segments II-VIII,
larger on V.
Genitalia : (fig. 370). Basistyle with elongate columnar process ; seta a
inserted more ba+sad than b, both long and hooked at apex ; upper division in two
portions, the lower one with a deformed, inflated seta and a spine, the upper one
with three foliaceous setae and a large, deformed, inflated leaf. Dististyle attenuated after base, enlarged preapically, the dorsal portion serrate, apical portion

Fig. 370. -

Culex (Tinolestes)
cauchensis
Floch
& Abonnenc.
Male genitalia.
Upper
lobe of basistyle, dististyle, mesosome, ninth tergite, tenth sternite.
(Based
on Floch & Abonnenc, 1945, Inst. Pasteur Guyane et Ter. Inini, 112: 2).

Fig. 371. -

Culex (Tinolestes)
bamborum
Rozeboom
& Komp,
1948.
Male genitalia.
Upper lobes of basistyle, dististyle, mesosome and ninth tergite.
(Base on
Rozeboom & Komp, 1948, J. Par., 34 (5) : 401).

399

CULES

attenuated into a slender structure, the apex curved. Claw subterminal. Mesosome
a simple plate with a small inner, basal horn. Ninth tergites with the lobes rounded
and with three or four setae.
Fern&e, pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - French
Guiana,
Caux. Type in Inst. Pasteur Guyane
Fraqaise.

Culex
1948

Culez

(Tinolestes)

(Isostomyia)

Rozeboom

bamborum
& Komp,

J. Par.,

Rozeboom and Komp, 1948.

34 : 399.

Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark. Palpus dark, one ninth the
length of proboscis. Occiput with silvery narrow scales and brown erect forked ones.

Fig.

372.

Culex
(Tinolestes)
bamborum
Rozeboom
and Komp,
1948,

Rozehoom
& Kemp,
1949.
J. Par.,
34 (5)
401-402.

LalTa.

(Based

4ou

T,

I-,

Thorax : Pronotal lobe white scaled. Mesonotum with brown integument

and light brown scales, dorsocentral setae very long and brown. Scutellum with
white scales on mid lobe. Pleura green.
Legs dark, femora whitish underneath.
Abdomen : Tergites dark with basolateral white marks.
&?aZe- Palpus one ninth the length of proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 371). Basistyle pilose at apex, the columnar process elongate,
scta a inserted below b both of them short and curved at apex ; below columnar
process many setae of which a few upper ones are foliaceous ; upper division with
six foliaceous setae, one of them hooked, a straight set)a, and more basally, a striated
leaf. Dististyle one third shorter than basistyle, strongly bent on apical t,hird,
serrate on dorsal margin at distal third, ventrally with two spaced spicules, apex
Mesosome with a long lateral arm and a
pointed upwards. Claw subterminal.
pointed inner and very short one, body of mesosome reduced. Ninth tergitc with
space between the lobes convex, the lobes with six or seven small setae.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva (fig. 372). Head broader than long ; darker posteriorly ; hair 4
simple or double, small, 5 in three pennate branches, 6 simple and pennate, 7 a
multiple pennate tuft ; 8 simple or double and short, 9 a small multiple tuft.
Antenna with tuft on base of distal third, spiculose below tuft, apical hairs long.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.2 - 2 - X.1.2 - 2. Lateral comb
of segment VIII of four rows and many scales. Tube darker at base, eleven times
broadest width, the pecten on basal sixt.h, four spaced single hairs beyond pecten
and two single ones on opposite margin. Anal segment ringed by plate, dark ;
dorsal set*ae (1 + 1) ; lateral seta four branched. Gills with upper pair long, the
lower one much shorter.
Type ZocaZity- Colombia,
Acacias. Type in U. S. N. M.
I)istribution That of t,ype localit,y.

Subgenus

1918

MELAXOCONION
Theobald, 1903.
Mon. Cul., 3 : 238 type atrutus Theobald.
Gnophodeomyia
Theobald,
J. Econ. Biol., 1 : 21 type inornata
Theobald.
Mochlostyfan
Dyar
& Knab, J. N. P. Ent. Sot., 14 : 288 type cuudelli D. & K.
Asebeomyia
Aiken,
J. Roy.
Agr. Sot. Brit. Guiana,
1 : 193 type epirus Aiken.
type anips Dyar.
Choeropoqa
Dyar,
Ins. Ins. Mens.,
6 : 103 Hekoporpa
Dyar,
id., 6 : 125 type menytes Dyar.

1928

Dinoporpa

1903
1905
1906
1911
1918

MeZanoconion

Theohald,

Dynr,

Mos.

Am.,

286 -

type

trifidus

Dyar.

Adult : Most species are small dark mosquitoes.

There are, however, some species with ornamented mesonotum and
legs. Pnlpus of female short, in the male about length of proboscis ;
proboscis as long as fore femur and slightly t,hickened at apex. Antenna
filiform in female and strongly plumosc in male. Ocular margin with
had
wdes. Mesonotum with scales ; aNcrost8ichal
setae reduced to
anterior and posterior pairs ; dorsocentrals long and in rows.
Male genitalia Ivith only the apical lobe of b&style developed
:mtl always with :L lower division, the upper one can or not be developed ; dististyle varying in shape ; tenth sternit,e ending in a ran
of setae ; ninth tergitc with developed lobes.
I,al.on --- ,Intennu with the tuft beyond the midtll(l. Scgrnent
!-I11 with oncbor more rows of scales. Siphon short or long.
Bio~o~nics - - 71~ m:r,joriiy of species breeds in pools and swamps,
>Il!;lll clep*c ssions :ind pc~rmanr~nthodie-: of n-nltr. kSomespecie:; are
Characters

--

401

CULEX

found in natural containers such as the axils of leaves of bromeliaceae,

internodes of bamboo. Some are found in crab-holes. The females
of some species bite man.
Classijica tion - Although, it is possible to separate Mochlostyra~
by the larval characters we do not find this division tenable because
corresponding characters are not found in the adult.
Culex

(Melanoconion)

1936 Culez. Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 29

paracrybda

330

Komp,

19.50 Rozeboom t

1936.

Komp, ibd., 43 : 94.

Female, pupa and lar?~a Unknown.

Male - Komp (1936) : - A small brown unmarked Culex, with unbanded
legs. Palpi exceeding the length of the proboscis by slightly less than the length
of the last two segments.
Genitalia : (fig. 373). Basistyle with the columnar process spiculose at base,
elongate, setae a and b inserted about the same level, hooked at apex ; besides these
setae a short hooked foliaceous seta and an expanded leaf inserted preapically ;
upper division with two arms, the lower with a hooked seta and three slender
setae, the upper arm long, slender with three foliaceous setae at apex and a small
slender seta basally. Dististyle elongate, slightly curved, attenuated apically, a
few apical spicules. Claw very small, apical. Mesosome an elongate structure
with a ridge on one side and a small point below the middle. Ninth tergites with
the lobes quite removed, thumblike, very small and slightly higher than broad,
a few moderate setae at apex.
Type locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Panama.

Fig. 373. -

Culer (Melnnoconinon)
paracrybda
Komp, 1936.
Male genitalia.
(Based on
Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43: fig. 62, except for mesosome).

402

CULEX

Culex

(Melanoconion)

Dyar and Knab, 1907.

taeniopus

Culex Dyar & Knab, J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 15 : 100.

Dyar,lIns. Ins. Mens., 8 : 54.
Bonne .& Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sm., 296.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 293.
Matheson, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 36 : 121 ; El935 Komp, id., 37
Kumm & Novis, Am. J. Hyg., 27 : 503.
syn. 1907 Melanoconion annulipes Theobald, Mon. Cul., 4 : 512.

1907
1920
1925

1928
1934
1938

1922 Culex epunustasisDyar, Ins. Ins. Mens.,llO

Dyar, id., 13 : 22, 171,1172.

5.

191 ; 1923 Dyar, id., 11

1928 C. epanustasisDyar, Mos. Am., 296.

1935 C. epanustasisas taeniopus Komp, Proc. Ent. Soc.:Wash., 37

70, 178

1925

5.

Female - Proboscis blackish brown, as long as fore femur. Palpus blackish

brown, twice the length of clypeus. Ant,enna with large yellowish brown torus ;
flagellum a third longer than proboscis. Occiput with narrow, curved, white scales
mixed with narrow long forked ones, mentum with broad white scales.
Thorax : Integument blackish brown. Mesonotum with narrow, short and
bronzy scales ; dorsocentrals long, appressed, supralars also long and appressed.
Scutellum with bronzy scales and 4-6-4 marginal setae. Posterior pronotum with

Fig. 374.
.I

Culex

(Melanoconion)

taeniopus

on Rozeboom & Komp,

mesosome).

1950,

Dyar & Knab, 1907. Male genitalia. (Based

An. Ent. Sot. Am. 43: fig. 80, except for

1,

403

bronzy scales ; sternopleurals developed and in rows, a single lower mesepimeral

seta ; a stripe of yellowish broad scales in front of sternopleurals.
Legs dark, femora lighter internally. Fore and mid pairs marked with white
scales on an extensive spot at apex of femur, tibia and some of the tarsal segments.
Hind pair with a small apical white spot, the tarsi with large white rings on joints,
the last segment completely white.
Wing with dark, broad scales. Haltere with white stem and black knob.
Abdomen blackish, tergites with large basolateral white spots.
Male - Palpus surpassing proboscis by the length of the last two segments,
these with dense pilosity, Antenna as long as proboscis and densely plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 374). Basistyle ovate, twice as broad as long ; columnar
process elongate and ending in two deformed setae, the apex curved, thick, lower
seta smaller ; besides these setae there is an hyaline leaf which is subtriangular,
large and inserted on upper margin and a preapical small, slender set,a ; upper division forked beyond the middle ; the lower portion ending in two foliaceous long
setae and a hooked one which is longer ; the upper portion with four closely
appressed, foliaceous setae. Dististyle with apical portion thickened and ending
in a beak, serrate dorsally. Claw as a broad leaf which is elongate. Mesosome with
two points on one of the upper margins, the other drawn out and elongate. Tenth
sternite with six or seven teeth at apex. Ninth tergite with the lobes quite separated, rounded, with five or six hairs inserted in distinct tubercles.
Pupa - Rozeboom & Komp (1950) : - . . . . but the pupal trumpet of
taeniopus is aberrant for a Melunoconion, as it is widened and flattened at the tip,
with a peculiar transverse cleft.
Larva Undescribed.
Type locality - Nicaragua,
Bluefields. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Central
America : Venezuela : Colombia : Surinam
:
Peru:
Bolivia:
Brad,
States of Amazonas, Par& Goi&z.
_&ote - The specimens from Panama and Venezuela have a distinct spot of
silvery scales at apex of all femora.

Culex
1924

Culex

Dyar,

1928

Dyar

(pro

1950 Rozeboom

Ins.

(Melanoconion)

Ins.

parte),

Mens.,

Mos.

& Komp,

12

Am.,

An.

crybda

Dyar, 1924.

184.

293.

Ent.

Sot.

Am.,

43 : 89.

Female and larva Unknown.

Mule Similar to C. taeniopus except for the following characters : Pleura with three to six upper mesepimerals ; legs dark except femora internally
and femoro-tibia1 and tibio-tarsal joints which are white ; tarsi dark ; abdomen
with basal bands of white scales.
Genitalia : Indistinguishable from C. tueniopus.
Pupa - Rozeboom & Komp (1950) mention that tube is normal, long and
funnel shaped.
Type locality - Colombia,
Murindo.
Type in U. S. N. M.
States of Rio
Distribution - Colombia : Panama : Venezuela : Brad,
de Janeiro and S. Paulo.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

1926

CuEex (Melanoconion)

1928

Dyar,

1945

Wirth,

1945

Pratt

syn.

1928

Mos.

Am.,

Proc.

Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

14

44.

294.

Ent.

& Wirth,
Culex

Komp,

Komp, 1926.

opisthopus

Sot.

Proc.

mychonde

Wash.,
Ent.

Komp

47

202.

SOL Wash.,
(in

Dyar),

47

: 245.

Mos.

Am.,

!
295.

404

CULEX

Female - Wirth (1945) : - The only known North American Culex (Melanoconion) with white tarsal marking-j. These are restricted to the hind tarsi, in which
the first four segments have narrow white rings basally and apically, and the last
segment is almost entirely white. In some specimens there are coppery reflections
at the tarsal articulations of the fore and middle legs. The occiput is covered with
a few long strong, anteriorly directed bristles laterad to beyond t(he bases of the
antennae ; and with many erect black forked scales mixed with many half-depressed,
twisted, long slender silvery scales. The genae bear conspicuous patches of flat,
rounded, closely-appressed silvery-white
scales.
Male - Proboscis one fifth longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus surpassing
proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 376). Columnar process with seta a deformed, inserted
beyond b which is longer, both of them hooked at apex ; upper division elongate,
undivided, with four pointed setae, one of them expanded, a foliaceous seta and
a hooked seta. Dististyle attenuated in the middle, snout shaped at apex where
it is pilose dorsally and bears two lateral spicules. Claw bifid and subterminal.
Mesosome with a small point on each side. Ninth tergite elongate, fingerlike
and with very short hairs.

Fig. 376. -

Culex (Melanoconion)
opistbopus
Komp, 1936.
Male genitalia.
Rozeboom & Komp, 1930 An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43: fig. 61).

(Based on

Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 377). Head broader than long ; hair 4 small, double ; 5 single ;
6 wit,h five or six branches ; 7 multiple.
Antenna long, the tuft multiple at base
of apical fourth, spiculose below tuft, smooth beyond it, apex with three long and
one short hair.

405

CULEX

Fig.

377.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

opisthopus

Kemp,

1936.

Larva.

Original.

Body sparsely pilose on thorax and terminal segments. Prothoracic hair

formula 1.l.m - 2 - 1.1.4 -- 5. Lateral comb of segment VIII with three or four
rows of numerous scales. Siphon eight to eleven times broadest width, the pecten
on basal fourth, five pairs of short tufts with two to six branches beyond pecten.
Anal segment ringed by the plate ; dorsal hairs (1 + 4) ; lateral hair multiple.
Gills the length of anal segment.
Type locality Honduras,
Puerto Castilha. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distrib&ion - Panama
: Honduras
: Puerto Rico : U. S. A., Florida.
Bionomics - The larvae breed in water which collect,s in crab-holes (Carczisoma spp.).

Culex
1903

Culex

(Melanoconion)

Theobald, Mon. Cul., 3

1908 Peryassd

(pro

(pro

parte),

1928

Dyar

parte),

1943

Culex

syn.

1927

Culex

1928

C. (Mochlostyrax)

OS Cul.

Mos.

(Melunoconion)

Am.,

Lane

(Choeroporpa)

Theobald,

ocdatus

1903.

: 222.
Brazil,

198.

351.

and

Whitman,

automartus
automartus

Root,
Dyar,

Rev.
Am.
Mos.

Ent.,

14

J. Hyg.,
Am.,

402.

: 591.

295.

Female Proboscis blackish, apically expanded, slightly longer than fore

femur. Palpus as long as clypeus. Antenna slightly longer than proboscis. Occiput
with slender, white scales mixed with blackish, forked ones,
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with blackish setae and white scales. Mesonotum
with brown integument and scales ; above root of wing a rounded spot with blackish integument and scales, the margins lighter ; acrostichals a single anterior
pair : dorsocentrals in a line which is denser on prescutellar region ; three hume-*
rals : dense supralars. Scutellum the color of mesonotum with 3-6-3 marginal setae.

406

Postnotum blackish. Pleura with a dark brown transversal stripe and spots of
white scales.
Legs dark, femora whitish internally.
Wing with narrow, curved scales. Haltere with white stem and black knob.
Abdomen dorsally blackish, ventrally whitish, the colors separated on the
sides in a straight line, last segment with yellow setae.
Male - Palpus nearly as long as proboscis, blackish. Antenna shorter than
proboscis, plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 378). Basistyle rounded with long setae and devoid of spicules ; apical lobe with two hooked setae on columnar process ; upper division
three branched. the longest with a long curved seta and a foliaceous seta, the second
with a filament and a slender foliaceous seta, the third with three united foliaceous
setae. Ninth tergite with the interlobar space broad and concave.

Fig.

378.

Culex
Root,

(Melanoconion)
1927,
Am. J.

ocellatus

Hig.,

7:

fig.

Theobald,
19).

1903.

Male

genitalia.

(Based

on

Pupa - (fig. 379). Tube darker beyond base, seventeen times basal width,
slender, curved and apically expanded. Thorax with a long double, a long triple
and small setae on dorsal group of cephalothorax.

Cg, Fig.

379.

C&x

dorsal.

(Melanoconion)

Original.

ocdlatus

Theobald,

1903.

Pupa.

Ahdominal

segments,

407

CULEX

Abdomen with the setae of the first two segments inserted in distinct tubercles ; segment II with hairs 1 and C longer than segment ; III with B one and a
half times length of segment ; IV to VI with B double and more than twiEe the
length of segment ; VII with A double or triple, short, in VIII
double or triple
and longer. Paddle more than twice the length of segment VIII.
Larva (fig. 380). Head broader than long ; hair 4 simple and short ; 6
long and simple ; 6 multiple ; 7 multiple ; 8 multiple and 9 simple. Antenna with
a multiple tuft on apical fourth, spiculose below tuft, smooth beyond it where
there are three long hairs and a small leaf.

Fig. 380. -

Culex

(Melanocanion)

ocellatus

Theobald,

1903.

Larva

Original.

Body nude, with many setae in rosettes, chiefly on abdomen ; prothoracic

hair formula 2.2.1 - 2 - 1.1.1. - l/2. Lateral comb of segment VIII with scales
in a row, the lower ones longer than the upper. Siphon seven times basal width ;
pecten beyond basal third and with ten long, slender scales, four double or triple
tufts beyond pecten besides a small double hair. Anal segment ringed by the plate,
broader than long, hind margin with long spicules ; dorsal setae (1 + 1) ; lateral
seta single, minute. Gills longer than anal segment.
Type locality - Bras&
S%o Paulo, Cantareira?.
Type in B. M.
Distribution - Brad,
States of S. Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

nigrimacula

Lane & Whitman,

1943.

1943 Culex (Melanoconion)

Lane & Whitman, Rev. Ent., 14 : 403.
1950 Roaeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 93.
syn. 1946 Culex (Melanoconion) punctiscapularis
Senevet & Abonnenc. Ins. Pasteur Guyane et
Ter. Inini, 122 : 1.

Female Proboscis expanded apically, slightly longer than fore femur,

blackish. Palpus blackish, a little longer than clypeus. Antenna slightly longer
than proboscis. Occiput with slender white scales mixed with blackish forked ones.

408

CULEX

---

____ __-_

___-_-

_-.

_-

Thorax : Pronotal lobe with white scales and blackish setae. Mesonotum
with brown integument and scales ; in front of root of wing there is a rounded spot
of black integument and scales ; dorsocentral setae in a row, denser on prescutellar
region ; acrostichals only the anterior pair ; two or three humerals ; supralars
dense. Scutellum as mesonotum with 3-6-3 marginal setae. Pleura greenish, a
dark brown transversal stripe and spots of white scales.
Legs dark, femora whitish underneath.
Wing scales narrow. Haltere with white stem and black knob.
Abdomen blackish with basal rounded white spots ; last segment with yellow
setae.
Male - Palpus nearly as long as proboscis, blackish. Antenna shorter than
proboscis. Abdomen generally with basal white bands on segmenm IV-VI.
Genitalia : (fig. 381). Basistyle rounded, twice the basal width, without
spiculosity ; apical lobe with two capitiform filaments on columnar process ; upper
division with two branches ; the lower one with two long leaves and a shorter
one ; the upper with three leaves of the same size, an additional leaf at base of
column. Dististyle two thirds the length of basistyle, thickened at base, attenuated
in the middle and ending in a serrate upper margin ; apex snout shaped ; two small
spicules in middle of internal margin. Claws two, foliaceous. Tenth sternite sclerotized externally and ending in four teeth. Mesosome with the plates elongate
and ending in a point, the posterior ones rounded. Ninth tergite with very broad
interlobar space, convex ; the lobes rounded and with six to eight setae besides a
few others reaching the interlobar space.

382.
Fig.

381.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

Pig.

332.

Cdex

(Melanoronion)

pupa
figs.

also.
13 to

(Both
16).

nigrimacula
nigrimaeula

drawings

Lane

Lane
based
on

&

Whitman,

1943.

& Whitman,
1943.
Lane
& Whitman,

Male

genitalia.

Larva.
Tube of
1943,
Rev.
Ent.,

Pupa - Tube fifteen times basal width, (fig. 382) slender, curved, slightly
expanded at apex, weakly sclerotixed basally. Dorsal cephalothoracic setae long
and double.
Abdomen with hair B on segments II and III as long as segment, single ; in
IV-VI twice the lengt,h of segment, four or five branched ; hair A of VII and VIII
double and very long. Paddle rounded more than twice the length of segment
VIII,
terminal hair minute.
Larva - (fig. 382). Head broader than long ; hair 4 small and simple ; 5
long, multiple ; 6 long, simple ; 7 shorter, multiple ; 8 double ; 9 six branched :

409

CULEX

14 simple. Antenna spiculose, tuft on apical fourth, smooth beyond tuft and ending
in three setae and a small leaf.
Body nude, the setae in sparse rosettes. Prothoracic hair formula 1.l.m
-2
- 1.1.1/2. Pecten of segment VIII of several rows of slender scales in a subtriangular patch. Siphon eight t(imes basal width, the pecten not reaching the basal
third with seven or eight very long scales and four tufts of double or triple long
setae and a small double one, all beyond pecten. Anal segment ringed by the plate,
broader than long, posterior margin with long spicules ; dorsal setae (1 + 1) ;
lateral hair simple, minute. Gills twice the length of anal segment and ending in
a point.
Type locality - Bras&
State of Rio de Janeiro. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Bras&
States of Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo.

Culex
1907

CuZez fur

(Melanoconion)

Dyar

1910 Theobald,

& Knab,

Mon.
Dyar

Cul.,

1915

Howard,

syn.

1921

Culex

1921

C. (Melanoconion)

1923

C. (M.)

1925

C. (M.)

& Knab,

spissipes

J.

P.

Dyar and Knab, 1907.

: 13.

fur
Ent.

Sot.,

15

613.

Mon.,

314.

Bonne-Wepster

spissipes

spisaipes
Dyar

spicrsipes Bonne

1928 C. (M.)

spissipes

Dyar

1935

spissipes

Martini

C. (M.)

N.

& Bonne
Dyar

(net

(net

Theobald),

(net

id.,

11

& Bonne-Wepster
(net

Theobald),

(net

Theobald),

& Ludlow

70, 177, 188

(net
Mos.

Theobald),

Ins.

Theobald),
Theobald),

Am.,

Mos.

Ins.
id.,

Mens.,
9

1925 Dyar,

Mos.

Sur.,

47.

47.
id.,

13

169.

268.

342.

Mexico,

60.

Female Proboscis blackish, slightly longer than fore femur, moderately

swollen at apex. Palpus twice the length of clypeus, blackish. Antenna with dark
brown torus ; flagellum longer than proboscis. Occiput with golden scales intermixed with brown ones, white scales on mentum.
Thorax with blackish integument. Pronotal lobe with blackish setae. Mesonotum with golden scales on anterior half and enclosing a large dark brown rounded
spot on each side, near the middle, the posterior half with dark brown scales.
Pleura brown.
Legs dark ; femora white ventrally.
Wing with broad scales. Haltere with white stem and black knob.
Abdomen : Tergites black above ; sternites white ; the colors separated on
the sides in a straight line ; very small basolateral spots may de present.
Male - Characters from Bonne & Bonne-Wepster (1925) for spissipes : Proboscis with an indistinct, pale ring in the middle. Palpus exceeding proboscis
by the length of the two last joints, a very narrow ring in the middle of long joint.
Antenna strongly plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 383). Basistyle broad, twice as long as wide, with long hairs
and scales. Dististyle simple, pointed ; apical lobe with a ribbed leaf and a seta
on outer portion of upper arm, the inner one with three long and one shorter flattened appendage ; between the upper portion of the lobe and the tip of basistyle
a stemmed, large, scalelike appendage. Tenth sternites with slender inner comb.
Mesosomal plates rather simple, the plate at base of basistyle bladelike. Lobes
of ninth tergite prominent and hairy.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Panama,
Colon. Type in U. S. N. M.
D>stribution Panama
: Surinam
: Mexico : British
Honduras.

Culex
1903
syn.

Melanoconion

(Melanoconion)
spissipes

1905

Melanoconion

1908

M,

theobaldi

Theobald,

theobaldi
Peryassd,

Lutz,

spissipes

Mon.
Imp.

OS Cul.

Cul.,

Med.,

Brasil,

242.

13

236.

51.

(Theobald, 1903)

410

CULES

386.

383.

Pig. 383. -

fur
Dyar & Knab, 1907.
Culex (Melanoeonion)
Male genitalia.
Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, 1925, Mos. Surinam, fig. 36).

Pig. 386. -

Culcx

1908
1910
1915
1922
1925
1928
1935
1939
1950

(Melanoconion)

trifidus

Dyar,

1921.

Male genitalia,

(Based on

Original.

Cukx chrysonotumDyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 35 : 57.

Neomekznoconionchrysothorux Newstead & Thomas, An. Trop. Med. & Par., 4 : 145.
Culez chrysonotum Dyar BEKnab, Mon., 3 : 310.
Culex chrysonotum and chryrro thorax Gordon & Evans, An. Trop. Med. & Par., 16 : 322 ;
1923 Evans, id., 17 : 106.
Culex theobaldi and chrysonotum Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 293.
Culex chrysonotum and theobaldi Dyar, Mos. Am., 326, 327.
Culex theobaldi Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 37: 7.
Senevet & Abonnenc, Ar. Ins. Pasteur Algerie, 17 : 94.
Culex (Melanoconivn) aurilatus
C&x (M.) &ryeonotum and theobaldi Roseboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 33,97.

Female - Proboscis dark brown, shorter than fore femur, distal third thi:
ckened. Palpus twice the length of clypeus, dark brown. Antenna with dark brown
torus, lighter internally ; flagellum one fourth longer than proboscis. Occiput
with two proclinate setae at vertex and some oculars, all dark brown ; with slender,
golden scales, mixed with dark brown forked ones, mentum white scaled.
Thorax with dark brown integument. Pronotal lobe with brown setae. Mesonotum densely covered with narrow, curved golden scales on anterior two thirds
and margins of prescutellar depression, on the rest they are coppery ; acrostichal
setae small, dorsocentrals long, also supralars, all of them dark brown. Scutellum
with golden scales and 5-8-5 marginal setae. Pleura with golden scales on posterior
pronotum ; in the middle and in front of sternopleurals a short stripe of white
scales.
Wing with broad scales. Haltere with white stem and black knob.
Legs dark brown ; femora white ventrally also apex of femora and tibiae
white.

411

CULEX

Abdomen blackish. Tergites with basolateral white spots from segment II

(in specimens from S. Paulo the males show broad white basal bands, while those
from French Guiana have only basolateral white spots. The integument of the
specimens from S. Paulo is lighter than that of the specimens from French Guiana).
Sternites with white scales but with apical blackish bands. Setae golden.
lMaZe - Ant,enna densely plumose, the hairs long. Palpus surpassing proboscis
by the length of the last two segments.
Genitalia : (fig. 384). Basistyle ovate, twice the basal width ; columnar
process with two divergent setae which are distorted and hooked at apex ; upper
division with two lower setae, one longer and with hooked apex, the other foliaceous ; above and detached from the lower setae there are three foliaceous ones.
Dististyle thickened apically, slightly pilose above. Claw a triangular leaf. Mesosome with three arms, one curved downwards and two upper ones, one of these
can or not be notched distally. Tenth sternite with the pecten ending in eight
developed teeth. Ninth tergite broader than long, sparsely pilose, setae inserted
in distinct tubercles, internals longer and directed upwards.
Pupa Unknown.

384.

Fig.

384. -

Fig. 385. -

Culex

Larva.

(Melanoconion)

Terminal

385.
spissipes

(Theobald,

abdominal segments.

1903).

Male genitalia.

Original.

Original.

Larva - Dyar (1928) for chrysonotum : - (fig. 385). Head transverse, the
sides bulging ; antennae large, a tuft on the outer third, the part beyond slender,
basal part spined ; head-hairs single, anteantennal tuft multiple.
Body pilose.
Lateral comb of segment VIII of few scales in two or three rows. Tube six times
basal width, the pecten on basal third, eight multiple tufts, the basal one within
the pecten. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft
(1 + 1) ; lateral hair single, small.
Type locality - Trinidad.
Type in B. M.
Distribution Panama : Venezuela : Surinam
: French Guiana :
Bolivia : Brasil, States of Para, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Bahia and S. Paulo,
also Northeastern States of Brasil.
Note - The wrong synonymy of this species with Culex fur was due to Bonne
& Bonne-Wepster who believed that they saw two dark spots on the mesonotum
of spissipes. Probably what they observed in the type specimen was a small lateral
intrusion of dark scales. We examined the type and found that it corresponds

412

CULEX

to the description given by Theobald. Authors maintain that theobaldi and chrysonotum are distinct species based on genitalic characters. We have observed that
there is quite a range of variation in the structures. For this reason we have synonymized both these species with spissipes.

Culex
1921
1925
1928
1941
19.50

(Melanoconion)

trifidus

Dyar,

1921.

Culex (Choeropotpo) Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 9 : 115 ; 1925 Dyar, id., 3
Culez (Helcoporpa)
Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 282.
Cutez (MochZostyraz)Dyar, Mos. Am., 282.
MochZostyraz(Dinoporpu) Dampf, An. Est. Nat. Ci. B~ol., 2 : 251.
Cd& (Melanoconion) Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 97.

170.

Female Proboscis dark brown, slightly longer than fore femur. Palpus
twice the length of clypeus. Antenna filiform, one fourth longer than proboscis.
Occiput with broad scales mixed with forked ones, all dark brown, on sides and
vertex they are broad and white.
Thorax : Mesonotum with brown integument ; covered with coppery scales ;
acrostichal setae an anterior pair ; dorsocentrals in a row, all very long. Scutellum
with five setae on each lobe. Pleura dark brown.
Legs brown, the femora white ventrally.
Abdomen brown.
Male - Proboscis longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than probosics by
half the last segment. Antenna moderately plumose, the plumes dark brown.
Genitalia : (fig. 386). Basistyle ovate ; columnar process elongate, setae a
and b thick, distorted, the apex deformed, a inserted more basally than t3 ; upper
division distinct, elongate, a foliaceous group of three setae in the middle, a leaf
above, a hooked seta below. Dististyle a little shorter than basistyle, thick and
ending in three arms, one smaller, attenuated apically, the other the longest and
with a curved thickening before apex, the last blunt at apex. Tenth sternite with
the setae very united. Mesosome with the first plate slender and serrate, the second
smooth. Ninth tergite with the lobes quite det,ached, about two and a half times
the greatest width and with a long seta on the internal angle of apex besides smaller
ones.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Costa Rica.
Types in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Mexico : Costa
Rica : Panama
: Salvador.

Culex
1918
1925
1935
1950
syn.

(Melanoconion)

menytes

Dyar,

1918.

C&x Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 : 125.

Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sm., 216.
Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 37 : 3.
Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 93.
1936 Culez haynei Komp, Psyche, 39 : 82.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

,VaZe - Proboscis blackish, a little longer than fore femur. Palpus blackish,
surpassing proboscis by the length of last two segments. Antenna shorter than
proboscis. Occiput with long, slender, golden scales, on mentum broad and white.
Thorax : Integument blackish brown. Pronotal lobe with a row of blacish
setae. Mesonotum and scutellum with narrow, coppery scales. Pleura with coppery
scales on posterior pronotum and broad white ones on sternopleura ; none on
mesepimeron, seta on lower portion of mesepimeron absent.
Legs dark, hind coxae lighter, femora whitish ventrally and at apex.
Abdomen with blackish tergites.

413

CULEX

Genitalia : (fig. 387). Basist,yle ovate, twice the broadest width ; columnar
process ending in two setae, the lower inserted below the upper, both hooked, the
upper larger and distorted ; upper division with a large, foliaceous hooked seta
at apex, below this seta a large expanded leaf which is fan-shaped and opens dist,ally besides three short setae. Dististyle slender, elbowed in the middle above,
apex blunt, before apex and below a pointed protuberance, above pilose and with
a spicule, below with two spicules. Claw long and curved. Mesosome broad,
rounded above_,in one side a protuberance, on the opposite one a larger protuberance
with small inclslons. Ninth tergite with the lobes a little longer than broad, with
dense but short setae inserted in distinct tubercles, below there are mamillated
structures turned downwards and equally pilose.
Type locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distrihtion
- Panama : French Guiana : Bras& State of S. Paulo.

Fig. 387. -

Culex

Culex

(Melnnoconion)

(Melauoconion)

menytes

Dyar,

1918.

coppenamensis

and Bonne, 1920.

1920 Culcx Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, Ins. Ins. Mens , 7 : 173 ;
Wepster & Bonne, id., 11 : 125.

Male genitalia.

Original.

Bonne-Wepster

1920 Dyar, id., 8

1925 Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 300.

1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 314.
1950 Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. SOP. Am.. 43 : 89.
7 syn. 1948 Culex (Melanoconionj creole Andure, Bol. Ent. Ven., 7 : 149.

64

1923 Bonne-

414

CULEX

Female and pupa - Unknown.

Male - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark brown. Palpus dark brown and
surpassing proboscis by the length of half the penultimate and the last segment.
Antenna with blackish torus ; flagellum shorter than proboscis, plumosity dark
brown. Occiput with short, iounded white and coppery scales mixed with blackish
forked ones.
Thorax : Mesonotum brown, covered with narrow coppery scales. Scutellum
lighter. Pleura greenish.
Legs dark brown except femora which are whitish internally.
Abdomen blackish with basal white bands on first two segments.
Genitalia : (fig. 413). Basistyle with columnar process elongate, seta a
inserted before b both distorted and hooked at apex ; base of this process spiculose
on upper portion ; upper division with a hooked seta and a short pointed one, then
three foliaceous setae, from a slender prolongation an expanded leaf. Dististyle
slightly capitate at apex, below capitate portion, long, slender hairs, dorsally serrate
at apex, two spicules. Claw subterminal, expanded. Mesosome with two points
at apex. Ninth tergite with lobes rounded, broader than long, with short setae
inserted on mamillate tubercles.

Fig.

413.

Culex
(Melanoeonion)
coppenamensis
Bonne-Wepster
(Based
on Rozeboom
& Komp,
1950,
an.
genitalia.
22, ninth
tergites,
original).

& Bonne,
1920.
Male
Ent.
SOC. Am., 43:
fig.

Larva - Bonne & Bonne-Wepster (1925) : (fig. 414). Head rounded,

broad. Antennae spicular, a large tuft at outer third, the part beyond slender, two
subapical long hairs, one apical long one visible. Upper head-hairs delicate, single,
lower h&ad-hairs stronger, single. Ante-antennal
hairs multiple, stout. Mental
plate with central tooth and eight lateral ones. Body slightly spicular. Airtube
stout, slightly tapering, six times as long as wide. Pecten of about sixteen teeth

415

CULEX

on basal two fifths, each tooth with numerous side branches. Five pairs of hair
tufts beyond the tube, hardly diminishing in length. Two terminal hooks. Comb
of eighth segment in a triangular patch, each tooth pointed with apical fringe. Anal
segment longer than wide. Ventral brush on the barred area. Dorsal hairs two
long ones and a short one on each side. Anal gills missing in specimen.
Type Zocalit~ Surinam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Surinam
: ? Venezuela.

Fig.

414.

Culex
1939

Culex

Culex
Head
1925

(Melsnoconion)

(Melanoconion)
(Melanoconion)

1950 Rozeboom

& Komp,

Senevet
An.

Ent.

Bonne-Wepster
segments.
(Based
on

coppenamensis

and terminal
abdominal
Mos.
Surinam,
fig. 44).

comatus
& Abonnenc,
Sot.

Am.,

Larva.
& Bonne,
1920.
Bonne
Es Bonne-Wepster,

Senevet and Abonnenc, 1939.

Pasteur
&Brie,
17 : 103.
: 88.

Ins.
43

Female and pupa - Unknown.

Male - Characters from Senevet & Abonnenc (1939) : - Proboscis blackish,
labellum

yellowish. Palpus longer than proboscis by the last two segments. Occiput
.wit,h black,+forked, scales intermixed with broad black-and whit,e ones.
Thorax brown with reddish brown scales and long light hairs.
Legs brown.
/
Abdomen with tergites dark except for basal bands on segment,s.

416

CULEX

Genitalia : (fig. 388). Basistyle with elongate columnar process, seta Q inserted
before b, bot!h hooked at apex ; upper division with a hooked seta and a very short
pointed one, above a foliaceous seta and three appressed broad ones. Dististyle
short, constricted mesially, t,he apex knob like, many long setae on ventral apical
surface, the upper surface with serrations. Claw a long, blunt seta. Mesosome with
two points on one margin at apex, and a hooked one on the opposite side. Ninth
tergite rounded.

388.
Fig.

375.

Fig. 388. -

Culex

(Melanoconion)

375.
comatns

Senevet & Abonnenc, 1939.

IJ&lTE%.

Siphon.

Male genitalia.
Upper lobe of basistyle, dististyle, mesosome and ninth
tergite.
(Both based on Senevet & Abonnenc, 1939, Ar. Ins. Pasteur AlgBrie,
17: 103, fig. 22).

Lareja - Senevet & Abonnenc (1939) : - (fig. 375). T&e plus large que
Eongue, . . . Antenne portant la touffe vers le tiers apical, r&r&ie ensuite ; nombreux spicules forts et pointus sur toute la partie basale, plus discrets sur la partie
apicale. Epines pr6clyp6ales pigment&es et chitinisbes. Sois frontales externes B 7
branches ramifikes ; soies mBdianes assez fortes et simples ; sois interne plus greles
et simples.
Thorax. Soies prothoraciques : (2 + 2) - 2 - 1 - 1 - 3 --- 2. Propleurales :
une soie assez forte et longue, deux plus greles et c lurt.es, une petite soie ED bouquet.

417

CULEX

Mdsopleurales : 6pine centrale assez longue, fine et pointue ; deux soies fortes
avec des spicules courts ; une soie multiple & 4 branches avec des ramuscules.
Mktapleurales : bpine assez longue et pointue ; une forte soie comme prgcedentment ; une soie plus courte et plus grble ; une soie multiple & 5 branches.
Abdomen : Soies la&ales doubles sur les segments 4-5-6. Peigne du 8e. segment form6 d6pines assez longues, un peu rktreceies avant lapex, ramifiees en
longues barbules. Siphon moyen : 4,7 ; peigne atteignant largement le tiers basal.
5 paires de touffes plutbt grbles, a 7-8 branches de tailles graduellement decroissante
vers lapex.
Crochets apicaux plut8t greles. Segment anal entoure compl&ement
par la plaque. Le bord postbrieur de celle-ci arm6 de piqueants nombreux et assez
courts. Sur le reste de la plaque, pas de peignes mais de lignes presque continues
de piquants. Soies dorsales 1 + (1 + 1). Tdgument avec de tout petits spicules sur
la partie mhdiane de labdomen et des spicules plus longs sur les derniers anneaux
et surtout sur le thorax.
Type locality - French Guiana,
Poste Saut-Tigre.
Type in the Institut
Pasteur dAlg&ie.
Distribution - French Guiana
and Colombia.

Culex
1936

Culex

Komp,

1950

Rozeboom

An.

(Melanoconion)
Ent.

& Komp.

Sot.
An.

Am.,

Ent.

29

Sot.

elephas

Komp, 1936.

328.

Am.,

43 : 90.

Illale - Komp (1936) : - A small dark brown unmarked Culex. The palpi
are rather shorter than is usual, exceeding the proboscis by only half the length
of the last segment.
Genitalia : (fig. 389). Basistyle with columnar process thick, short ; setae a
and b short, thick, deformed at apex ; upper division with a hooked seta and a
short pointed one followed by a broad pointed seta and three foliaceous appressed
setae, a spine below these setae. Dististyle thick, gradually attenuated towards
apex and ending in a point. Claw absent. Mesosome serrate on upper margin! a
point on one side turned upwards, mesially another long point. Ninth tergite with
the lobes approximate,
L-shaped with short hairs internally, the distal elongate
portion with many setae which are longer than arm of basistyle, and shorter setae
on internal upper margin.
Type locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution That of type locality.

Culex
1923

Cdec

Dyar,

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

1950

Roxeboom

Ins.

(Melanoconion)
Ins.

Mens.,

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

Am.,

Mos.

11

egcymon

Dyar , 1923.

67.

Sur.,

285.

292.

& Komp,

An.

Ent.

Sot.

Am.,

43 : 90.

Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip, dark brown.

Occiput with flat black scales that take a white reflection. Mesonotum blackish,
with bronzy brown scales ; pleurae blackish, tinged with green, coxae not very
pale. Abdomen black, small lateral basal segmental white patches ; venter with
the segments white at base, black at tip, the white part joining with the lateral
white to form transverse bands. Legs black with slight bronzy refletion, femora
pale below. Wing-scales stiffly linear, outwardly on the second to fourth veins very
narrowly ovate, all dark.
Male - Proboscis dark. Palpus longer than proboscis by nearly the length
of the last two segments. Occiput with white scales mixed with erect forked ones ;
on mentum white, broad ones.
Thorax : Mesonotum with blackish brown integument and coppery scales.

Fig. 389. -

Culex (Mclanoconion)
elephas
Kemp, 1936.
Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, An. Ent. Sot. am.,

Male genitalia.
43: fig. 90).

(Based

on

Legs dark except femora internally and apex of femora and tibiae which
are whitish
Abdo6en dark.
Genitalia : (fig. 390). Basistyle elongate, twice the basal width : apical lobe
with the columnar process elongate and divided ; setae a and h short and ending
in a hook, a strongly curved and thickened beyond the middle, b slightly sinuous
on preapical portion ; upper division branched, the lower portion with a hooked
seta and a much smaller one ; the upper division with two broad, blunt setae and
two long slender ones. Dististyle curved mesially, the apex drawn in a long point
which is gradually attenuated, in the upper angle there is short pilosity, internall)
two spicules one of which is small. Mesosome with upper margin serrate and with
two points, one on each side, below there is another point and above it a notch.
Ninth tergites with characteristic lobes ; they are nearly united, the setac restricted to the upper margin, dense and longer than length of lobes.
Unknown.
Pupa Larva - Dyar (1928) : - (fig. 391). Head transverse! rounded, quadrangular (antennae and head hairs missing). Body minutely splculose. Prothoracic
hair formula l.?.? - 1 - 1.1.2 - 2. Comb of segment VIII a patch of scales iri
three rows. Siphon more than seven times as long as basal width, the pecten on
basal third ; four double or triple tufts beyond the middle. Anal segment longer
than wide, ringed by the plate which is spiculose on posterior upper margin ; dorsal
tuft (1 + 2).

Type locality Distrib~ction -

Panama.
Type in U. S. N. If.
That-of type locality.

330.

Fig.

390.

Fiq. 391. -

Cdex

Larva.

Culex
1927
1928
1935
1939
1950

391.

(Melanoconion)

Terminal

egcy-men

Dear,

abdominal segments.

(Melanoconion)

C&r Root, Am. J. Hyg., 8 :

Dysr, Mos. Am., 312.
Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash.,
Senevet & Abonnenc, Ar. Ins.
Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent.

1923.

Nele

gfwitalia.

Original.

Original.

serratimarge

Root, 1927.

589.
37 : 6.
Pasteur AlgBrie, 17 : 85.
Sot. Am., 43 :

Female and pupa Unknown.

IWale - Proboscis dark, slightly thickened at apes, as long as fore femur.
Palpus longer than proboscis by the last two segments. Antenna as long as proboscis, strongly plumose. Occiput with broad, white scales mixed with erect,
light brown, forked ones ; setae on vertex and oculars blackish.
Thorax with brown integument,. Mesonotum wit,h bronzy scales ; acrostichal,
dorsocentral and supralar setae dark brown and long.
Legs with light yellow coxae, the rest dark except femora ventrally and apes
of femora and tibiae which are lighter.
Genitalia : (fig. 392). Basistyle twice the broadest width ; columnar process
with the two branches divergent, setae a and b deformed and hooked, a inserted
in the middle of the process ; upper division two branched, the lower one with
a long s&a ending in a hook and another slender and straight one ; the upper branch
with four foliaceous, united, setae and a small slender seta inserted inwards. Meaosome with three points above and followed by a weakly sclerotized structure which
is square and has the upper margin serrate. Tenth sternite with united teeth. Ninth

420

CULEX

tergite with large, trapezoidal teeth, covered with short pilosity except at apex
where there are rows of very long setae inserted at same level.
Larm Senevet & Abonnenc (1939) : - Cet$te larve est t&s voisine de
celle de C. plectoporpe dont elle ne se distingue que par les caracteres suivants (sur
ila reserve bien entendu que nous navons examin quune seule larve).
Les soies prothoraciques correspondent a la formule (2 + 4) l-l-l-3-2.
Vne des soies gr$les de la propleurale est double au lieu d&re quadruple, caract6re
Bvidemment tr& Gnu.
Type locality Bras&
State of Rio de Janeiro, Porto das Caixas. Type
in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - French
Guiana:
Panama
: Brad,
States of Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo and Cear&.

Fig. 392. -

Culex

Culex

(Melanoconion)

serratimarge

(Melanoconion)

Root,

1927.

Dyar,

tecmarsis

1918 C&l: Dyar, I&. Ins. Mens., 6 : 124 ; 1920 Dyar, id., 8
1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 313.
1950 Rozehoom & Komp. An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 97.

Male

genitalia.

Original.

1918.

62.

Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, slightly swollen at tip, black.

Occiput with flat black scales that take a white reflection ; some white ones below.
Mesonotum dark brown with dark bronzy brown, narrow, curved scales ; pleurae
brown, the coxae lighter. Abdomen black, the sides with small basal segmental
whitish spots ; venter with the segments whitish at base, black at tip. Legs dark
brown with bronzy reflection, femora and tibiae light at tips. Wing-scales ligulate
;basally, ovate outwardly on second to fourth veins.

421

CULES

Male - Proboscis dark, longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than proboscis
by nearly the last two segments which are acuminate and pilose. Occiput with
dark, slender, scales with white sheen mixed with blackish forked ones ; broad
white scales on the sides.
Thorax : Mesonotum with brown integument, covered with coppery scales.
Legs dark, except femora ventrally and apex of femora and tibiae which are
white.
Abdomen with tergites dark except for basolateral white spots.
Genitalia : (fig. 393). Basistyle ovate, apical lobe with setae a and b divergent, deformed, hooked and inserted at same level on columnar process ; upper
division with a hooked seta followed by a narrow leaf, above two or three foliaceous
setae and a large expanded leaf ending in a beak ; base with a small seta. Dististyle slightly more than half as long as basistyle, attenuated in the middle, the apex
capitate serrate on upper margin and with one or two spicules. Claw large and
expanded. Mesosome forked above, one of the branches large, in the middle with
an upcurved tooth. Ninth tergite with the lobes separate,. the median space broad,
concave and finely spiculose, each lobe elongate, digitlform, with long setae at
apex, body spiculose ; all setae inserted in distinct, tubercles.
Pupa and lawa Unknown.
Type locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. X. M.
Distribution - Panama
and Venezuela.

Fig.

393.

C&=x

Culex
1936

Culex

Komp,

1950

Rozeboom

An.

(Melanoconion)

tecmarsis

(Melanoconion)
Ent.

& Komp,

Sot.
An.

Am.,

Ent.

Female - Komp (1936)

minal markings.

Sot.

:-

29

Dyar,

vexillifer

Male

genitalia.

Komp,

1936.

1928.

Original.

320.

Am.,

43 : 97.

A small dark unmarked

Culez, without

abdo-

42%

CULEX

Male - Kemp (1936) : - Palpi esceeding the proboscis by almost the length
of the last two segments.
Genitalia : (fig. 394). Basistyle with the arms of columnar process wide apart,,
setae a and Z, inserted separately at same level, deformed at apex ; upper division
with a hooked seta and a short one below, above with four foliaceous appressed
setae. Dististyle head like at apex, serrate on upper margin. Claw short, blunt.
Mesosome with three points on one side and two on the other. Ninth tergite with
the lobes approximate, more than twice as long as broad, setose, on upper margin,
the setae much longer.
Pupa Unknown.

394.

395.

Fig.

394.

Culex
Kemp,

Fiq.

395.

Larvn.

(Melanoconion)
An. Ent.
1950,
Head

and

vcxillifer
Koxup,
1936.
Sot. am.,
43:
fig. 88).

terminal

segments.

Jfale

genitalia.

(Based

on

Original.

Lama - (fig. 395). Head broader than wide, with darker markings, hairs as
in figure. Antenna with the tufts on base of apical third, darker beyond the tuft.
Body minutely spiculose. Irothoracic hair formula 1.1.2 - l/2 - 1.1.2 - 2.
Comb of segment VIII of several rows of scales. Siphon nearly five times as broad
as wide, the pecten of few scales reaching beyond the basal third ; seven long multiple tufts, the basal two within the pecten. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed
by the plate which is spiculose dorsopostcriorly ; dorsal sctae (2 + 1).
Type locality - Panama.
Type in C. S. N. M.
Di.st~ihl(tio~L Panama.

Culex

(IIIelanoconion)

1906

~och~ostyrax

1915

Culez

Howard,

Dyar

1918

Dyar,

Ins.

Mens.,

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

1935

Komp,

Dyar
Ins.

& Knab,
$

Am.,

Proc.

1938 Kurnm
1950

Rozeboom

syn.

1920

Wepster

RIO?.?. SW.,

313.

Mos.

J.
An.

multipi~osus
& Boune,

Ent.

Mon.,

108 ;

3 :

Sot.,

(Dyar and Knsb, 1906).

14 : 224.

396.

1924 Dyar,

Sur.,

SOC. Wash.,
Am.

& Komp,

C&z

Y.

id.,

12

186.

312.

287.

Ent.

& Novis,

N.

Knab,
6 :

BE Bonne-Xepster,
Moe.

cawdelli

J.

id.,

37

HJg.,

27

Ent.

Sot.

:
:

3.
503.
Am.,

Bonne-Wepster
11

126

43

88.

& Bonne,

1924 Dyar,

id.,

Ins.
12 :

Ins.
183 ;

&lens.,

1923 Bonne

177

1923

Bonne-

& Bonne-Wepster,

Fende - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark. Palpus dark, three times
the length of clypeus. Antenna longer than proboscis. Occiput, with blackish and
white scales intermixed.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish. Mesonotum with dark brown integument
and bronzy scales ; dorsocentral setae long and in a row, supralars long. Pleura
dark brown.
Legs dark, femora whit,e ventrally, femoro-tibia1 and tibio-tarsal joints also
lighter.
Abdomen with tergites dark except for basolateral white spots.
&faze - Proboscis longer t,han fore femur, blackish. Palpus longer than proboscis by nearly the last two segments, blackish except for a small white spot on
penultimate joint. Abdomen with broad white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 396). Basistyle with the arms of columnar process divergent,
setae a and b inserted at the same 1eveL and deformed at apex ; upper division a
hooked seta and a short, pointed one ; above them four foliaceous appresscd sctae.
Dististyle attenuated in the middle, head like at apex, the upper margin serrate.
Claw short and blunt. Mesosome with four points, one of them much longer than
the others. hinth tergite with the lobes nearly touching ; much longer than wide,
with an internal protuberance, setose, the apes with very longe setae.
Pupa - Unknown.

296.

397.

Fig.

39G.

C&x
(Melanoeonion)
caudelli
(Dyer
& Knsb.
1906).
Xale
genitalia.
mesosome
and
ninth
tergite.
(Based
lobe of basistyle,
dististyle,
zeboom & Romp,
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot. _Ym., 43:
pl. 3, fig. 16).

Fig.

395.

Larva.

Head

and

terminal

abdominal

segments.

Cpp?r
on Ro-

Original.

Lcwaa - l>yar (1928) : - (fig. 397). Head transverse, rounded, quadrate :

antennae long, longer than the head, a large tuft at the outer third, the part beyond
more slender t#han the basal part, which is spinulated ; terminal spines long. Headhairs in threes, short, the median hairs in small tufts, anteantennal tufts in five,
long.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.4 - 2 - 1.1.2. Comb of segment
VIII of a few scales in a single row. Tube three and a half times as broad as long,
curved, the pcctcn on basal third ; nine multiple tufts, the two basal ones within
the pectcn. Anal segment broader than long, ringed by the plate ; dorsal hairs
(2 + 1) ; lateral hair small, double.
Type 2ocuEityTrinidad
(B. \V. I.). Tvpc in U. S. N. hI.
D>stribzttion - Trinidad
: Surinam : l%rasil, State of Par&.

Culex
1906

Gnophodeomyia

1908

Culex

Dyar

(IVIelanoconion)

Aiken,

& Knab,

Brit.
Smiths.

Guiana.
Misc.

Med.
Colls.,

aikeni
An.,
Quar.

(A&en,

60.
Iss.,

23 :

250.

1906).

424

1908
1921
1925
1928
1950
syn.

CULEX

Dyar & Knab, Proc, U. S. Nat. Mus., 35 : 61.

Dyar & Ludlow, Ins. Ins. Mens.. 9 : 47 ; 1925 Dyar, id., 13 : 21.
Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 275.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 337.
Roseboom & Komp, An. Ent, Sot. Am., 43 : 86.
1905 Gnophodeomyiainornuta Theobald (net Wilhston, 1893), J. Econ. Biol., 1 : 21 ; 1905
Theobald, Mon. Cul., 4 : 252 ; 1910 Theobald, id., 5 : 520.
1919 Culex ocossaDyar & Knab, Ins. Ins. Mens., 9 : 47 ; 1923 Culex panucossaDyar, id.,
11 : 120, 188.
1925 C. panacossa Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 277.

Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur. Palpus twice the length of clypeus, dark. Occiput with broad blackish scales, erect ones behind.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown. Mesonotum with reddish brown integument
and coppery scales ; dorsocentral and acrostichal setae apparently short. Scutellum
with yellowish integument. Pleura the color of mesonotum, lighter towards base ;
posterior pronotum with three setae on hind margin ; sternopleura with a row and
mesepimeron with a row of four or five upper and a single lower seta.
Legs dark, femora whitish ventrally.
Abdomen with tergites bronxy scaled and basolateral white spots.
Male - Proboscis dark brown, a little longer than fore femur. Palpus longer
than proboscis by the last two segments, dark except at apex of segments which
are lighter. Antenna densely plumose. Abdomen dark with narrow basal bands
of white scales.
Genitalia : (fig. 398). Basistyle subconical, twice the basal width ; columnar
process with seta a shorter, slender, slightly curved, b thicker and hooked at apex,
both inserted at same level ; upper division with a very long, distorted, hooked
seta, above a leaf with long stem, the apex broad and distinctly striate, preapically
a long foliaceous seta. Dististyle attenuated apically, the apex with minute dorsal
spiculosity. Claw a large and distinct leaf. Tenth sternite with a row of eight upper
teeth. Plate of mesosome with two apical horns. Ninth tergite with median space
concave, the lobes with a few slender setae ; they are short and inserted in tubercles.
Pupa - Bonne & Bonne-Wepster (1925) : - The pupa of this species has
very graceful black paddles.

398.

399.

Fig. 398. -

Culex (Melanoconion)
aikeni
(Aiken, 1906).
Male genitalia.
(Based
Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 (1) : pl. 1, fig. 2).

Fig. 399. -

Larva.
Head and terminal abdominal segments.
Mos. Am. fig. 292).

(Adapted from Dyar,

on

1928,

1,

425

Larva - (fig. 399). Head rounded, broad, much wider than long ; antennae
large, prominent, a large tuft beyond the middle, the part of shaft beyond this
slender ; spinulate throughout, three setae, a stout spine and a digit at tip. Upper
head-hairs five or six, lower single, ante-antenna1 tuft multiple. Skin pilose. Lateral comb of eight,h segment only two rows deep, the last row of very big spines.
Siphon rather slender, six times as long as wide, slightly curved beyond middle,
terminal hooks stout, five paired multiple tufts along posterior margin, about equal
in length, pecten within basal third of tube, the eight teeth increasing in length
apically. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; ventral brush well
developed. Four anal gills.
Type locality British
Guiana.
Type lost.
Distribution
Brasil,

Mexico

Panama

Guianas

Venezuela

Colombia

States of .1Iato Gross0 and S. Paulo.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

1920

Culex

(Choeroporpa) Bonne-Wepster

1925

Dyar

& Shannon,

1925 Bonne

J. Wash.

& Bonne-Wepster,

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

1950

Roseboom

syn.

1920

Am.,

& Bonne,

AC. Sci.,

Mos.

Sm.,

15

Ins. Ins.

Men%., 7:

173

; 1921

Dyar,

ibd., 8: 62.

40.

298.

311.

& Komp,

An.

Culex maroniensas
8:

Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, 1920.

albinensis

Ent.

Sot.

Bonne-Wepster

Am.,

43

86.

& Bonne,

Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

175

1920 Dyar,

ibd.,

62.

1924

Culex

1925

Culex

(Choeroporpa) gordoni Evans, An. Trop. Med. & Par.,

maroniensis Bonne & Bonne-Wepster,
Mos. Sur., 304.

1928

Culex

maroniensis

Dyar,

Mos.

Am.,

18 :

369.

310.

Female Bonne & Bonne-Wepster mention the following characters : Proboscis blackish, thickened apically. Palpus one fifth the length of proboscis,
blackish. Occiput with whitish scales intermixed with black ones ; ocular setae
black.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe and mesonotum dark brown, covered with bronzy
brown scales and dark brown hairs. Scutellum the color of mesonotum. Pleura
brown.
Legs brown, femora pale ventrally.
Abdomen blackish, with lateral, basal triangular silvery white spots.
Mule - Coloration as in the female. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by the
length of the last joint. Two last joints and tip of long joint very hairy. Antennae
plumose, with long whorls of rather pale hairs.
Genitalia : (fig. 400). Basistyle with columnar process having the arms distorted, setae a and b divergent and deformed at apex ; upper division with a hooked
seta and a longish leaf basally, above with four foliaceous setae, at base a slender
seta. Dististyle slightly capitate at apex, serrate on upper distal portion, two
spicules below. Claw a blunt, subapical leaf. Mesosome smooth above, with a
single point on internal mesial portion. Ninth tergites with the lobes approximate,
slightly broader than long, the setae as long as lobe and moderately dense.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - (fig. 401). Head transverse, bulging at the sides ;
antennae large, a tuft at the outer third, the part beyond slender, basal part spiculate. Anteantennal tuft multiple. Body spicular. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of several large spines in a patch. Air-tube about six times as long as wide,
tapered basally ; pecten reaching basal third of tube ; five pairs of posterior
tufts, diminishing slightly in length outwardly.
Anal segment longer than wide,
spicular.
Type locality Surinam.
Types ??
Distribution Surinam
: Brad,
State of Amazonas.

Pig. 100. -

Fig. 401. -

Cnlex (illelanoconion) albineaeia Boane-IVepster & Bonne, 1920.

Male gsQi(Dististyle and ninth tergite based on Rozehoorn S- Kemp, 1950;
talia.
apical lohe of bac;istylc and mesosome original).

Cucx (Mslaaoconion)
albinensis
Bonn@-Wepntet &
(Based on Dyer, 1928, Nos. Am., fig. 259).

Eonne,

1920.

LiNTa.

437

CULES

Culex
1918

Culex

Dyar.

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

1950

Roreboom

syn.

1927

Ins.

& Bonne
Mos.
Culex

Am.,

(Melanoconion)
Ins.

Mens.,

Wepster,

Mos.

126

Sw.,

alogistus
1924

Dyer,

ibd.,

Dytlr,
12

1918.

185.

308.

288.

& Komp,

An.

megapus

Root,

Ent.
Am.

Sot.

Am.,

J. Hyg..

43

87.

7 : 595.

Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate? swollen at tip, black. Occiput with flat black scales which take a white reflection, a white spot, on the side
below. Mesonotum with bronzy brown scales ; pleurae blackish or tinged with
green, come not very pale. Abdomen black with bronzy reflection ; large rounded
basal segment lateral white patches ; venter with the segments white at base,
black at tip, the white part joining with the lateral white to form very distinct
bands. Legs black with slight bronzy reflection, the femora pale below. Wing
scales stiffly linear, on the second to fourth veins outwardly narrowly ovate.
Male Coloration of the female. Palpi slender, exceeding the proboscis
by about the length of the last two joints, black.
Genitalia : (fig. 402). Basistyle with columnar process having the arms distorted, setae a and b divergent and deformed at apex ; upper division with a hooked
long seta and a short pointed one, above them another hooked seta and a leaflike
one, followed by four foliaceous setae. Dististyle with apex very slightly capitatc
and serrate on upper margin, below two spicules. Claw leaflike and subterminal.
Mesosome with a small point on one end of apex and a longer one on the other,
in the middle a small curved point. Ninth tergite with the lobes approximate,
broader than long, with an inner protuberance which is higher than the outer one
that bears very long set&e, the rest with short setae.

Fig.

402.

Culex
(Melanoconion)
Rozeboom
& Kemp,

alogiaius
Dptr,
1930,
An. Ent.
Sot.

1918.
Am.,

ZIiale
43:

fig.

genitalia.
5).

(Eased

on

428

CULEX

Pupa and larva Unknown.

Type locality Surinam
: Type in the U. S. N. M.
Distribution Surinam
: Panama:
Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

innovator

Evans, 1924.

1924 Culex Evans, An. Trop. Med. & Par., 18 : 373.

1927 Root, Am. J. Hyg., I : 594.
1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 292.
1950 Rozeboom & Kemp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 92.

Female and pupa Unknown.

Male - Palpus and proboscis dark, palpus longer than proboscis by the length
of the two last segments. Antenna as long as proboscis and quite plumose. Occiput
with broad blackish scales and whit,ish ones, forked ones on mentum.
Thorax : Mesonotum with brown integument ; covered with bronzy shining
scales. Pleura with brown integument.
Legs dark, femora whitish internally.
Abdomen blackish, with basolateral white spots tending to form a band of
white scales on segment VI to apex.
Genitalia : (fig. 403). Basistyle ovate, apical lobe with two foliaceous, spatulate setae before columnar process ; seta a foliaceous, broad, spatulate, b deformed
at apex, hooked ; upper division with seta c inserted on a separate base and hooked,
upper portion of this division with a crooked foliaceous leaf, a hooked seta, a leaf
and two foliaceous setae and still an additional lobe with three united foliaceous
setae and a slender one. Dististyle attenuated in the middle, apex capitate and
with short pilosity on upper distal portion. Claw short but exDanded. Mesosome
ending in three pbints, l%o of the& on one side, the upper striate, the third point
larger and also striat,e. Ninth tergitc elongate and as in fig. 403.

403.

Big. 403.

Fig. 404. -

404.

Evans, 1924.
Male genitalia.
except 9th. tergites which are based on Rozeboom & Komp, 1950.
Culex

(Melanoconion)

innovator

Head and terminal abdominal

Larva.
Am. J. Hyg., 7 (5) : fig. 23).

segments.

(Based

Original

on Root,

1927,

Larva Root (1927) : - (fig. 404). Antennae with the tuft outwardly
placed, the part beyond slender. Anterior pair of dorsal head hairs fairly long and
single, posterior pair shorter and double, ante-antenna1 hairs multiple.
Lateral
hairs of third abdominal segment in threes, of abdominal segment 4 to 6 in twos.
Lateral comb of eighth segment an irregularly single row of from 9 to 12 scales.

429

Individual comb scales long, slender, slightly curved, swollen near base. One of
the dorsal hairs of the anal segment long and single, the other shorter, with about
three unequal branches. Lateral hair of anal segment very small, three-branched,
arising near the dorsal hairs. Air-tube not quite three and one half times as long
as wide, pecten occupying basal third and consisting of about 8 long, slender teeth,
with delicate fringing points all along their ventral sides. Air-tube with about 8
pairs of long, ventral hair tufts, none displaced, each made up of 4 or 5 hairs. Tip
of air-tube with a pair of strong, branched hooks dorsally. Integument of larva
very faintly short-pilose, the pile more conspicuous on the thorax.
Brad,
State of Amazonas, River Amazons. Type in
Type locality L. S. T. M.
Distribution - Bra&l,
States of Amazonas and Rio de Janeiro.

Culex
1935

Culez Roaeboom,
boom

& Kemp,

(Melanoconion)
An.
ibd.,

Ent.

Sot.

43 :

96.

Am!,

28

rooti

251

Rozeboom, 1935.
ibd., 29 : 266 ;

1936 Roreboom,

1950 Roze-

Female Unknown.
Male - Adult similar to C. pilosus (Rozeboom).
Genitalia : (fig. 405). Basistyle with columnar process with divergent arms,
setae a and b long and deformed at apex ; two broad leaves inserted between
these setae ; upper division with a hooked seta and a short pointed one, between
them a long broad, flat leaf ; a pointed seta above followed by three foliaceous setae and a pointed one. Mesosome drawn out into two long points at apex, one of
them bifid, in the middle another long point on one side. Ninth tergite with the

405.

406.

Fig.

405.

Culex
(Melanoconion)
rooti
Rozeboom,
basistyle,
dististyle,
mesosome and ninth
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot. Am., 43 (1)
pl.

1935.
tergite.
12, fig.

Fig.

406.

Pupa.

dorsal.

Tube

and

abdominal

segments,

Male genitalia.
Upper
lobe of
(Based
on Rozeboom
& Komp,
74).
Original.

lobes fused and having a rod like structure above, bearing an internal long basal
sets, basally with a few slender setae.
Pupa - (fig. 406). Tube darker at base, slightly flared at apex-. Abdominal
sets B on segment IV shorter than the segment,,multiple, in V with three branches,
in VI with two branches, both of them longer than segment. Hair A of segments
VII and VIII short and multiple. Paddle nearly three times the length of segment
VIII, the terminal spicule short.
Larva - (fig. 407). Head broader than long ; hairs as in figure. Antenna
with the tuft on outer third, spiculoseat base.

Fig.

407.

C&x

(iMclanoeonion)

rooti

Rozeboom,

lY::Z.

Lrtwn.

Original.

Body spiculose. Prot,horacic hair formula 1.1.3 - 1 - 1.1.2 - 2. Lateral

comb of segment VIII of a few scales in a single row. Siphon bent,, four times
as long as wide, the pecten slightly beyond basal third ; eight pairs of multiple
tufts, the basal two within the pecten. Anal segment ringed by the plate ; dorsal
hairs (1 + 1) ; lateral three, minute.
Type ZocaZity - Panama.
Type in U. S. K. 14.
Dislrib~tio72- Panama.
Culex
1932

Cdex

Komp,

1950 Rozeboom
syn.

(Melanoconion)

Psych&

& Komp,

29
An.

1945

C&z

(MeZanoconton)

1945

Culez

(Melanoconion)

Ininii,

112

Ent.

Sot.

portesi

Am.,
Senevet

cayennensis

1932.

43

97.

& Abonnenc,
Floch

&

Ar.

Abonnenc,

Ins.
Ins.

Pasteur
Pasteur

Al&e,
Guyane

19

41.

et Ter.

:4.

Female, pupa and lurcu -

M&

vomeriferlKomp,

7Q.

Komp (1932) : -

Unknown.

A small brown Culex, with rather wide pale bands

CULES

431

at the bases of the abdomiral segments. Legs all black. Palpi with the last two
joints exceeding the proboscis, and clothed with rather long stiff hairs.
Genitalia : (fig. 408). Basistyle with columnar process elongate, seta a inserted a little below b both sinuous and deformed at apex, two spicules at base of
process ; upper division with a hooked seta and a pointed shorter one, a leaf and
two foliaceous setae besides a very broad striate leaf inserted more basally, beyond
a slender sets. Dististyle strongly curved, carinate on mesial dorsal portion, two
spicules apically in the middle. Claw subapical, broad, leaflike. Mesosome drawn
into a beak on one side and with a curved point in the other. Ninth tergite with
the lobes broader than high, with sparse, moderate setae.
Type locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Panama:
French
Guiana.

Fk.

408. -

Culex (Melanoconion)
vomerifer
Kemp, 1932.
Tdale genitalin.
Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, -411. Ent. Sot. .Ym., 43: fig. 89).

Culex

(Melanoconion)

putumayensis

(Based

on

Matheson, 1934.

1943 Culex Matheson, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 36 : 121.

1950 Rozeboom & Komp, _4n. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 95.
eyn.

1945

Culez

carernicolus

Senevet & Abonnenc, Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Inim, 114

1.

Female. vuva and larva Unknown.

Mate L-Proboscis dark, longer than fore femur, slightly thickened at apex.
Palpus with the last two segments surpassing proboscis. Antenna slightly shorter
than proboscis. Occiput with broad scales intermixed wit.h forked ones, all of them
dark, on ocular margin and mcntum they arc white.

432

CULEX

Thorax : Mesonotum brown ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae brown ;

scales bronzy.
Legs dark, the joints lighter.
Abdomen dark and unmarked.
Genitalia : (fig. 409). Basistyle with columnar process slightly elongate ;
seta a inserted before b, thickened beyond middle and hooked at apex ; seta b
sinuous and also hooked at apex, both these setae inserted on individual stems ;
upper division with a hooked, thick seta inserted on a separate lobe, then a foliaceous seta followed by two foliaceous setae expanded apically and a normal one,
finally a striated leaf. Dististyle capitate at apex, setose on dorsal portion, with
two spicules in the middle. Claw broad, leaflike and subapical. Mesosome long,
slender, with two points on one margin, one of them apical and longer, the other
nearly basal. Ninth tergite wit.h the lobes ovoid, higher than broad, with sparse
short setae.
Type locality - Peru, Putumayo river. Type in U. S. N. M.
DisIribution Peru : French Guiana.

Pig.

409.

Culex
(Melanoconion)
on Matheson,
1934,

putumayensis

Proc.

Ent.

Sot.

Matheson,
Wash.,

1934.
36
(5)

Male genitalia.
121).

(Based

Culex
1920
1928
1935
1950
syn.

(Melanoconion)

433

L E X

ybarmis

Dyar,

1920.

Culex Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 8 : 57 ; 1923 Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, id., 11 : 125, 126.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 302.
Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash.. 37 : 57.
Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 97.
1920 Culez jonistes Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 8 : 76 ; 1923 Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, id., 11:
125, 126.
1928 C. jonistes Dyar, Mos. Am., 350.
1935 C. jonistes Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 37 : 57.

Female and pupa Unknown.

Male - Proboscis and palpus brown. Palpus longer than proboscis by nearly
the length of the last two segments. Occiput with broad scales.
Thorax with light brown integument and bronzy scales.
Legs light brown, femora whitish ventrally.
Abdomen with basal white bands on tergites, the rest dark.
Genitalia : (fig. 410). Basistyle with columnar process long,. seta a inserted
below b, both of them thickened apically, a crooked, upper divlslon with a long
seta which is hooked and a shorter pointed one, then a small leaf and three appressed
foliaceous setae. Dististyle capitate apically, serrate and with short hairs on upper

Dig. 410. -

Culex (Melanoconion) ybarmis Dyar, 1920. Male genitalia.

Dististyle, upper
division of basistyle, mesosome and ninth tergite.
(Based on Rozeboom &
Komp, 1950, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43: 97).

-234

margin of capitate portion, with two spicules. Claw long, broadened apically and
subapical. Mesosome distally drawn out in three points, one of them curved. Nnth
tergit,es with the lobts approximate, quite broader than long, moundlike and with
sparse, short setae.
/iarz~~ - Dyar (1928) : -- Head transverse, rounded, quadrate, the sides
bulging ; antennae large, a large tuft at outer t,hird, the part beyond slender.
Head-hairs single, upper small, lower large. Lateral comb of the eighth segment
of many large spines in a triangular patch. Air-tube long, slightly tapered, six
times as long as widtl : perten of long spines reaching one-third, the last one widely
spaced.
Paramaribo.
Type in U. S. S. NY.
Type locality Surinam,
Jrkstrihrtion Surinam
: Brasil, State of Amazonas.

Culex
1906

Culex

1915

Howard,

(Melanoconion)

Dyar

& Knab,

Dyar

1918

Dyar,

1925

Bonne

Ins.

1928

Dyar,

1935

Komp,

1950

Rozeboom

hyn.

1920
1921

Proc.

& Knab,

In?.

&lens,

Mos.

Am.,

Proc.

Biol.

Mon.,
6

Bs Bonne-Wepster,

125 ;

Sot.

Wash.,

170.

id.,

1920
SW.,

Dyar,

68.

320.

Ent.

Culex

vapulans

(pro

parte)

Culex

aZ_faroi Dyar,

Ins.

Bonne

: G.

Sot.

Am.,

and
Ins.
An.

Culex

Mans.,
Trop.

& Bonne-Wepster,

43

87.

zivilis Dyar,
9

Ins.

C. vapulans,

xivilas

and

1939 C. innominatus Senevet

innominatus
& Abonnenr,

IWed.

& Par.,

18

Sur.,

284.

Mos.

Komp,
Ar.

Ins.

Mew.,

8 : 69, 78.

34.

1926 C. innominatus Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 14 * 150.

1927 C. innominatus Root, Am. .J. Hyg., 7 : 587.
1928 C. vaputans, xi&s
and innominatus Dyar,
Mos. Am.,
1935

1906.

: 424.

37

An.

cti&x

19

Wash.,

& Knab,

Dyar

321.

Ent.

& Kemp,

Culex

Sot.
3

Mos.

1924 Culex innominatus Evans,

1924

hastagarius

Proc.

Ins.

Ent.

Pasteur

363.

318,
Sot.
Al&k,

322,

331.

Wash.,

37

: 6.

17 : 89.

Fcrnale - Dyar (1928) : - (aapulans). Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip,

black. Occiput, with flat black scales that take a white reflection ; some dark,
narrow, curved ones on the nape. Mesonotum dark brown, with narrow, curved,
bronzy brown scales ; pleurae brown, marked with blackish in the incisures. Abdomen black, the sides with basal segmental white spots ; venter banded, the segments whitish at base, black apically. Legs blackish with coppery reflection, femora
pale below ; tibiae whitish at> tip within. Wing-scales linear, ovate otwardly on
second to fourth veins.
Male - Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus with nearly
the last two segments surpassing proboscis, dark. Antenna a little shorter than
proboscis, densely plumose. Occiput with dark scales mixed with white appressed
ones and very slender forked scales.
Pronotal lobe brown with setae of
Thorax with dark brown integument.
this color. Mesonotum brown ; acrostichals small, discreet, dorsocentrals longer,
all dark ; covered with bronzy brown scales. Scutellum with yellowish scales.
Legs dark, femora whitish ventrally as well as femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal
joints.
hbdomen dark with white basal bands on tergites.
Genitalia : (fig. 411). Basistyle ovate, t,wice the basal width ; columnal
process with two setae, the lower one more internally inserted, both long and
hooked ; upper division with short stem, subdivided, the lower arm with a larger
seta which is curved and a much slenderer one just above it, the upper arm with
two leaves and two foliaccous setae in the middle. Dististyle strangled in the middle
of upper margin, pilose, with a large and a small spicule. Claw small, the apes
(bspandcd. Jlcsosomc with a lateral point, the upper margin irregular.
Tenth

sternites wit,h six teeth. Sinth tergites broader than high, nearly united above,
finelv pilosc.
_
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 412). Head broader than long, integument, unicolorous : hair
A simple, 7 multiple and with seven feathered branches. Antenna slightly darker
at base, spiculose, the tuft beyond middle, apex ending in three long sctac and a
shorter one.

411.
Fig.

411.

-l12.

Culex
(Melanoconion)
Original.

baktagarius

T)~;IY

Knnh.

1906.

eeuitalin.

N;rlv

Body nude. Prothorax with hairs 1, 2 and 3 inserted on a single sclerite, 1

small and multiple, the rest 1 - 1.3.2. Abdomen with pecten of segment VIII in
a patch of long scales. Siphon with fourteen scales and six mult,iple tufts, the
first inserted near penultimate scale. Anal segment ringed by the plate which is
spiculose on posterior margin ; dorsal setac (2 + 4).
Type locality Trinidad
(B. W. I.). Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Mexico : Pauama
: Trinidad
: Guianas : CIlomhiu
:
Venezuela

Bra&l.

Culex
1985

Culex

Kemp,

i1n.

(_Melanoconion)
Ent.

Sot.

Am.,

28

jubifer

Kemp,

234 ; 1950 Rozeboom

1935.

& Kemp,

ibd.,

43

92.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

&1&e - Proboscis and palpus dark, proboscis as long as fore femur. Palpus
longer t#han proboscis by the last two segments. Antenna stronglv plumose and a
little longer than proboscis. Occiput with white scales mixed w&h forked ones,
broad white ones on the sides and on mentum.
Thorax : Mesonotum with brown integument, ; covered with whitish scales ;
tlorsocentrals long. Scutellum white scaled. Pleura with four upper mesepimerals.
Legs dark except fcmora and tibiae ventrally as well as femoro tibia1 and
tibio tarsal joints.
Abdomen dark brown, with basolatcral white spots.

Genitalia : (fig. 473). Basistyle with columnar process having seta a inserted
a little below b, blunt and expanded at apex ; seta b thickened apically and hooked ;
upper division wit.h a long spatulate seta, a hooked one, a shorter pointed one, a
hooked one, a pointed one and a striate leaf inserted separately. Dististyle capitate
at apex, with a group of setae forming a tuft, followed by relatively long setae
nearly to apex, a long and two short spicules. Claw terminal, expanded. Mesosome with two points at apex, one on each side, the internal point curved the ext,ernal longer and straight. Ninth tergite with the lobe thumblike, nearly twice as
long as broad, with short retrose, slender setae.
lype locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. S. M.
llistribution Panama.

Fig.

373.

Culex
(Melanoconion)
jubifer
Komp,
1935.
&Tale genitalia.
Basisty!e,
distis tyle, mesosome
and ninth
tergite.
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot. Am., 43:
92).
(Based
on Rozeboom
& Komp,

1918

Culex Dyar,

Ins. IIX.

1924

Evans,

Trop.

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

Culex
An.

Med.

Komp,

1939

Sencvet

1950

Rozeboom

syn.

1920

Am.,

Proc.

;
18 :

123

Mos.

Sur.,

Dyar,

dunni

1923 Dyer,

id..

11

177, 188

1918.
;

1924 Dyar,

id., 12

183.

373.
267.

340.

Ent.

Sot.

& Abonnenc,
& Komp,
id.,

C. ensijormis

Wash.,
Ar.

An.

Culez ensijormis
& Bonne,

& Par.,

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

1936

1925

(Melanoconion)
Mens.,

Ins.
Ent.

37
Sot.

Bonne-Wepster
11

Bonne

: 8;

Pasteur

1936

Komp,

AlgBrle,

Am.,

id.,

38

65.

43 : 89.

& Bonne,

Ins. Ins. Mens.,

126.
& Bonne-Wepster,

17 : 80.

Mos.

Sur.,

271.

176

1923 Bonne-Wepster

437

CULEX

1927

Culex

1928

C. rujjinis

exedrus

Dyar,

1935

C.

Kemp,

tujjinis

Root,

Am.

Mos.

J.

Hyg.,

Am.,

341.

Proc.

Ent.

Sot.

580.

Wash.,

37

8.

Proboscis moderate: swollen at the tip, black

Female - Dyar (1928) : apically. Occiput with flat black scales that take a white reflection. Mesonotum
dark brown with narrow, curved, brown scales ; pleurae brown above, below and
coxae green, Abdomen black, the segments with lateral basal white marks ; venter
banded, the segments whitish basally. Legs black with bronxy reflection, the
Wing scales
femora white below ; tips of femora and tibiae narrowly whitish.
narrow, narrowly ovate outwardly on second to fourth veins.
Male - Proboscis slightly longer than the length of fore femur, dark brown
except on distal portion which is lighter. Palpus dark, longer than proboscis by
the length of the last two segments ; first and second segments extensively white
ventrally, third and fourth at base. Antenna a little shorter than proboscis, moderately plumose. Occiput with white scales in the middle mixed with blackish
forked ones.
Thorax : Mesonotum brown ; acrostichal setae discreet? dorsocentrals brown
and longer ; covered with brown scales and a pattern of whitish ones. Scutellum
with golden scales.
Legs dark except femora and tibiae ventrally also femoro tibia1 and tibio
tarsal joints which are white.
Abdomen dark with basal white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 415). Basistyle with the apical lobe bearing four long set,ae
inserted at different levels at base, further up a large striate leaf from a tubercle
and a pointed seta, above this leaf a narrow leaf inserted on a separate tubercle.
Dististyle elongate. Claw subterminal and expanded. Mesosome elongate, ending
in a point, one of the surfaces densely spiculose. Ninth tergite with the lobes
thumb-shaped, with short setae on upper portion.

Fig.

415.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

dunni

Dyar,

1918.

Ikfale

genitalia.

Original.

438

C U L

Pupa - (fig. 416). Tube long, constricted in the middle, flared at apex, basally blackish. Abdomen with hair B on segment IV five branched, on VTfour branched, on VI double, on these segments as long as them ; hair C on segment IV and
V a little shorter than segment and four branched, on VI still shorter. Paddle twice
as long as segment VIII.

Pig.

Fig.

416.

417.

416.

417.

Culer
(Melanoconion)
segments,
dorsal.

dunni

hrv-n.

Head

and

terminal

Dyar,

Pupa.

1915.

abdominal

Tulle

and

abdominal

segments.

Larva - Dyar (1928) : - (fig. 417). Head transverse, bulging on t$e sides.
Antennae large, a tuft at the outer third, the part beyond not much more slender,
spinulated, infuscat,ed throughout. Head-hairs, upper a tuft of three or more, lower
a single long, hair, anteantennal tuft multiple.
Prothoracic hair formula 1. ? . a tuft - 2 - 1.1.3. Lateral comb of segment,
VIII a patch of scales. Siphon seven times broadest width, the pecten on basal
third followed by six tufts which are short. Segment ringed by the plate, dorsal
tuft (1 + 2).
Type locaZit?y- Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.

Distribution -

Panama:

Colombia:

Surinam:

French

Guiana:

Brad.
Note

elements.

Apical lobe with variation as to the number and thickness of the

The same hold true to C. xeteki and commevynensis.

Culex
1918

Culex Dyar,
177,

188 ;

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

1950

Rozeboom

Ins.

(Melanoconion)

Ins. Mew,

1925 Dyer,

id.,

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

Am.,

6
13
Mos.

:
:

122

zeteki

1921 Dyar

169.
Sur

267.

339.

& Kemp,

An.

Ent.

Pee.

Am.,

43

Dyar,

& Ludlow,

: (38.

id., 9

1918.
:

47 ; 1923 Dysr,

id.,

11

syn.

1925

CuZex Zotu~w

1928

C. loturus

DYEIT. Ins.

1935

C. lolu~.us Komp,

Dyar,

Mos.
Proc.

Ins.

Am.,
Ent.

lkiens..

13

214.

342.
Sot.

Wash.,

37 :

9.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

Male - Proboscis and palpus dark. Palpus surpassing proboscis by the lengt,h
of the last, t,wo segments. Occiput with slender scales, mixed with forked ones,
all golden, on the sides broad white scales.
Thorax : Mesonotum with yellowish integument and coppery scales, white
ones on prescut ellar region ; dorsocentrals long, appressed and yellowish. Scutellum
white scaled. Pleura blackish, upper portion yellow and contrasting with lower.
Legs dark, femora, tibiae, femoro tibia1 and tihio t#arsal joints white.
Abdomen dark, tergites with basal whit& bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 418). Basistyle ovate, two setae on columnar process which
are foliaceous and blunt at apex besides a slender pointed seta ; upper division
formed by a large, broad leaf and three slender setae followed by a slender leaf.
Dististyle long, curved preapically, capitate at apex, serrate on its upper margin,
with a spicule. Claw t,erminal, expanded. Mesosome elongate and ending in a
point. Ninth tergite wit,h the lobes remote, twice as long as broad, Mose in the
middle.
Iype locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Dast&~~lion - Panama : Venezuela : French Guiana.

41s.
Fig.

418.

Culex

Fig.

419.

Culex
(Mclanoconion)
genitalia.
Original.

(Mclanoco~tion)

440

CULEX

Culex

1920
1921
1925
1928
1950

(Melanoconion)

commevynensis

Bonne-Wepster

& Bonne, 1920.

& Bonne, Ins. Ins. Mens., 7 : 176.
Ins. Mens., 11 : 188.

Culex Bonne-Wepster
Dyar & Lu;llow, Ins.
Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 271.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 340.
Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 47 : 89.

syn. 1915 Culex agitator Howard, Dyar & Knab (pro parte), Mon., 3

384.

Female Unknown.
Male - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip, brown. Palpi
exceeding it by the length of the last two joints. Occiput with pale golden, narrow,
curved scales, flat white scales on the sides. Mesonotum brown, with pale golden,
narrow, curved scales on anterior half, brown ones posteriorly ; pleurae brown.
Abdomen black with coppery reflection, the segments with basal white bands ;
venter banded, the segments whitish at bases. Legs dark brown with coppery
reflection, the femora pale below, tips of femora and tibiae pale. Wing-scales outwardly broadly ovate.
Genitalia : (fig. 419). Basistyle with a single seta on columnar process, with
two slender additional setae, all of them pointed ; upper division with a large leaf,
a curved seta and two small, slender ones below the leaf. Mesosome elongate without teeth and as in the figure. Ninth tergite with the lobes removed, the median
space slightly concave, the lobes elongate and with short, slender setae.
Pupa - (fig. 420). Tube very long, slender, slightly flared at apex, blackish
at base.

Fig. 420. -

Culex

(Melanoconion)

con~mevynensi~

Tube and abdominal segments, dorsal.

Bonne-Wepster
Original.

& Bonne,

1920.

Pupa.

Abdomen with rosette shaped hairs B or C on segments II to VI. Small A

tufts on segments VII and VIII.
Larva - (fig. 421). Head broader than long, hair 5 very long and single, 6 a
multiple tuft, 7 a long multiple tuft. Antenna with a multiple tuft on distal third.
Body spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.l.m ? - 1.3.2. Siphon long
and slender, about nine times as broad as basal width, pecten on basal third followed
by short multiple tufts. Comb of segment VIII
of two rows of scales. Anal
segment broader than long, ringed by the plate.
Types in Tropeninstitut
of Holland ?
Type locality Surinam.
Distribution Surinam
; Colombia.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

1936 CuZex Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 29

Female, pupa and larva -

limacifer

Komp, 1936.

325 ; 1950 Rozeboom & Komp, ibd., 43 : 92.

Unknown.

l?ig.

421.

Culex
(Melanoconion)
Original.

441

Bonne-Wepster

commevynensis

&

Bonne,

1920.

Larva.

2ClaZe- Only the genitalia of this species is known.

Genitalia : (fig. 422). Basistyle with two divergent arms on columnar process,
setae a and b inserted nearly at same level bent and deformed at apex ; upper division a hooked seta and a pointed one followed by a foliaceous seta and four appressed
foliaceous setae. Dististyle slightly capitate at apex, serrate on its upper margin,
with two spicules. Claw subterminal, expanded. Mesosome with two points one
on each side before rounded apex which bca:s, on one side three or four minute
spines. Ninth tergites with lobes approximate, thick at base, drawn out at apex,
with a few moderate set,ae.
Type Eocality - Costa Rica.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Costa
Rica:
Panama.

Culex
1936

Culex

(Melanoconion)

Senevet,

1950 Rozeboom

Ar.

& Komp,

Ins.
An.

Pasteur
Ent.

madininensis
Alghie,

Sot.

Am.,

14

Senevet, 1936.

129.

43 : 92.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

&IaZe - Senevet (1936) mentions the following characters : - Palpus brown
with indistinct white ring on articulation of second segment. Occiput with short
white scales, anteriorly with light ones.
Thorax : Mesonotum brown. Scutellum yellow scaled. Pleura greenish.
Legs brown, femora whitish ventrally.
Abdomen dark.

442

Genitalia

: (fig. 423).

Basistyle with

E X

arms of columnar process divergent,

setaea and b deformed at apex ; upper division a column with a leaf and three foliaceous setae at tip. Dististyle capitate at apex, serrate on its upper margin, with
t,wo spicules. Claw short, expanded. Mesosome with a lat#eral arm, serrate on its
upper margin.
Type locality - Martinique.
Type in Institut Pasteur AlgBrie ?
Disfdm tim Martinique.

422.

423.

Culex

Eig.

42:;.

Senevet, 1936. Male genitalia. (Both based

on Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 (1) : figs. 106 and 49).

1927
1928
1939
1950

Cu2e.c:
Root, Am. J. Hyg., 7 : 593.
Dyar, pulos.Am., 320.
Sevenet & Abonnenc, Ar. Ins. Pasteur AlgOrie, 17
Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 91.

Cules

19:36.

genitalia.

(Melanoconion)

limacifer

.Mnle

422.

Culex

(Melanoconim~)

Komy.

Yig.

madininensis

(Melanoconion)

evausae

Root,

1927.

: 86.

Female - Dyar (1928) : - (Proboscis missing. Occiput missing.) Mesonot>um blackish, with narrow, curved, dark brown scales ; pleurae dark, tinged with
greeii. Abdomen black with bronzy reflection, small basal segmental lateral white
spots ; venter banded, the segments narrowly white at their bases. Wing scales
linear, ovate broadly outwardly on second to fourth veins. Legs black with bronzy
reflection, the femora whitish below.
hIale - Head : Proboscis and palpus dark, palpus surpassing proboscis by
the length of the last two segments. Antenna as long as proboscis, moderately
plumose. Occiput with broad scales mixed with forked ones.
Thorax with brown integument,. Mesonotum dark brown ; covered with
coppery scales ; dorsocentral setae long and appressed. Mid lobe of scutellum white
scaled.
Legs dark except femora internally and femoro tibia1 joints which are white
scaled.
Abdomen dark with basolateral white spots.
Genitalia : (fig. 424). Basistyle ovate ; apical lobe wit.h the columnar process
with setae a and b divergent, deformed and hooked at apex ; upper division with
seta c hooked at apex, followed by a shorter seta, then four foliaceous setae and a
large leaf. Dististyle attenuated in t,he middle, capitate at apex, its upper margin
serrate and wit,h an internal spicule. Claw developed and expanded. Mesosome

IA E

443

with the upper portion serrate, elongate and with two points on lateral margins,
one of them blunt, the other pointed. Ninth tergite with the lobes close together,
ovate, with moderate setae.
Pupa (fig. 425). Tube cylindrical, not, expanded at tip with a dark ring
before base.

424.
Fig.

Fig.

424.

425.

Culex
1927,
Pupa.

423.

(Melanucox~ion)
Am. J. Hyg.,
Tubes

and

7:

evansac
fig. 21).

abdominal

Eoot. 1927.

Xlalc.

segments,
dowal.

renitulin.

(7hwI

on

Original.

Abdominal segments with hair B on III single and a little shorter than segment ; IV a rosette like tuft, V three branched, VI double and both of them longer
than segment ; C in rosette like multiple tufts on segments III to V. Tuft A on
VII and VIII
multiple and short. Paddle multiple and twice t,he length of segment VIII.
Larva - (fig. 426). Head broader t,han long, with darker patches ; hairs as
in figure. Antenna spiculose on basal two thirds, the tuft on outer third.
Body spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula ?.2.1 - 2 ?.1.3 - 2. Lateral
comb of segment, VIII of many scales in a patch. Siphon nearly six times as long
as broad, darker on one side and on a ring beyond the middle ; pecten on basal
third followed by six pairs of multiple tufts. Anal segment longer than wide,
ringed by the plate, spiculose dorsoposteriorly ; dorsal hairs (1 + 2) ; lateral
hair double, minute.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro. Type in U. S. K. M.
Distribu2ion - Brasil,
States of Rio de Janeiro, Piaui and Nate Grosso.

444

CULEX

Fig.

426.

Culex

1920

Culex

Dyar.

Ins.

1928

Dyer,

Mos.

Am.,

1935

Komn,

1950

Rozeboom

Culex

Proc.

(Melanoconion)

evan~ae

(Melanoconion)
Ins.

Mens.,

61.

37

Root,

1927.

phlogistus

Larva.

Original.

Dyar,

1920.

390.

Ent.

& Komp,

Sot.

Wash.,

An.

Ent.

Sot.

5.
Am.,

43 : 94.

Fern& - Proboscis as long as fore femur. Palpus twice the length of clypeus. Occiput with broad white scales and dark ones mixed with black forked ones,
the white ones predominate on the sides.
Thorax : Mesonotum with dark brown integument ; covered with coppery
scales ; dorsocentral setae long and appressed. Scutellum coppery scaled.
Legs dark, femora white internally, femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal joints white.
Abdomen dark ; tergites with large basolateral white spots nearly forming
bands.
Male - Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of the last two segments,
dark. Antenna as long as proboscis and plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 427). Basistyle ovate ; apical lobe with columnar process
elongate, ending in two slightly divergent setae which are curved, hooked and one
inserted quite below the other, seta b frequently but not always inserted on a thickened base ; upper division with seta c long, hooked and followed by a slender
seta ; there is a space between these setae and those of apex ; another foliaceous
seta is placed near three of these, there is also a large leaf. Dististyle narrowed
beyond the middle, capitate at apex, upper margin pilose. Claw large and expanded.
Mesosome with the upper portion less sclerotised and serrate above, there is a
curved projection on one side and a point on the other. Ninth tergite with the
median space slightly convex, the lobes rounded and with long and dense hairs.

I2

445

Pz~pa - (fig. 428). Rithout

darker sclerotized areas. Tube elongate, more
than six times the apical width, tubelike, slightlv expanded at apex. Group of
cephalothoracic setae with a single long triple hair.

427.
l?ig.

427.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

Fig.

428.

Pupa.

Abdominal

428.
phlogistus
segments,

Dyar,

dorsal.

1920.

Xale

genitalia.

Original.

Original.

Abdomen : Seta A developed in all segments, in II-VII

triple ; in VII-VIII
thicker, in VIII
double ; seta B triple and longer than the length of respective
segments, in IV-VI ; hair C developed and in a tuft on segments IV-VI.
Paddle
two and a half times the length of segment VIII and ending in a small spicule.
Larva - Head broader than long, wit,h areas of darker pigmentation ; hair
6 in a large tuft formed by ten pennate elements, 7 long and simple, 8 four branched
and darker at base, also shorter. Antenna spiculose, the tuft beyond the middle
and ending in three long and one short setae.

Body nude. Prothoracic ha.ir formula 1.1.5 (in a single sclerite) - 1 - 1.1.3/4.
Abdomen with the scales of segment VIII in a patch of several rows. Siphon four
times basal width, attenuated, the pecten reaching basal third, with six irregularly
placed tufts beyond pecten. Anal segment ringed by the plate, spiculose on hind
margin ; dorsal setae (2 + 3) : lateral set,a of five or six small hairs.
Type locality Surinam.
Type in U. S. K. M.
Distribz&on -- Surinam
: Venezuela
: Panama : Brasil.

Culex
1927

Culex

Root,

1950

Rozeboom

Am.

(Melanoconion)
J.

Hyg.,

& Kemp,

-42.

3 :
Ent.

Oedipus

Root,, 1927.

309.
Ser.

Am.,

43 :

91.

Female, pupa and 2awa Unknown.

iWale - Proboscis a little longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus (broken).
_%ntenna quite plumose, about as long as proboscis. Occiput with blackish scales,
having a white sheen.
Thorax dark brown. blesonotum with bronzv scales. Pleura dark.
Legs dark, femora lighter below.
Abdomen dark, with basal white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 429). Basistyle with columnar process two branched, the
upper one swollen apically, seta a quite below b, both of them distorted and hooked
at apex ; upper division with a hooked seta and a short pointed one followed by
a broad foliaceous seta and three appressed ones. Mesosome with an arm on each
side, the upper margin serrate. Ninth tergite with the lobes approximate, rounded
and with a few moderate, slender setae.
Type locality - Bras&
State of Rio de Janeiro, Mage. Type in U. S. 9. &I.
Distribution Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro.

Fig.

429.

Culex

Fig.

430.

Culer
(Melanoconion)
011 Ro7rhoom
K- Kemp,

(Mrdanucu~~ion)

us&pus

Root,

plectoporpe

1950,

An.

11127.

Root,
Xnt.

1\1;1lts genitalia.

1927.
Xale
80~. AIm., 43

genitalia.
(1)
figs.

(Both
based
60 and 67).

Culex
1927

(Melanoconion)

C&es

Root,

Am.

J. Hyg.,

Mos.

Am.,

312.

1928

Dyar,

1939

Senevet

1950

Rozeboom

& Abonnenc,
& Komp,

Ar.

Ins.

An.

Root, 1927.

plectoporpe

: 589.

Pasteur

Ent.

Sot.

AlgGrie,

Am.,

17

83.

: 93.

43

Female and pupa Unknown.

NaZe - Proboscis a little longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than proboscis
by nearly the last two segments. Occiput with whitish scales.
Thorax : Mesonotum blackish with bronzy scales. Pleurae yellowish.
Legs dark, femora whitish below.
Abdomen (Root, 1927) dark brown with green and coppery reflections,
basolateral white spots on all segments, venter wit,h broad, basal dirty white
bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 430). Basistyle with columnar process bearing two divergent
rods, setae a and h deformed and hooked at apex : upper division with a hooked
seta and a short pointed one followed by a broad foliaceous s&a, three apprcssed
ones and below them a leaf. Dististyle, attenuated in the middle, capitate at apex
where there is a carinate prot>uberance, two spiculcs below-. Claw an expanded
leaf. Mesosome with two arms, serrate on upper margin. Ninth tergites with the
lobes rounded, quite setose, the sebae short and directed upwards.
Larca - Senevet & Abonnenc (1939) : - T&e plus large que longue, formant
en dehors une forte saillie anguleuse, pigmentbe en g&&al,
sauf au niveau de
la tachc anguleuse. Antenne avec la touffe aux 3,/4 apicaux, partie au de& dela
touffe brusquement r&r&ie.
Spicules longs, pointus et tr& nombreus sur la partie
basal, plus rares sur la partie rBtr&ic, ou lon en compte seulement 4 ou 5. Soies
pr&lyp&ales simples et fortes, en itpine.
Thorax. Soies prothoraciques de formule (2 + 1 + 1)-1-1-l-3-2.
Propleurales :
une soie forte et simple, deux soies plus gr&les dont lune simple et lautre divishe
en 4 branches. Un petit bouquet de 6-8 branches. MBsopleurales : Epine forte
et aigue, deux fortes soies garnies de spicules et une soie muhiple a branches garnies
de ramuscules. M&apleurales.
Unc forte Bpine. Une forte soie spicul6e. Une
autre soie plus gr&le et une soic- multiple B 5 branches ramusculees. Abdomen.
Soies lat&ales des segments 4-5-6 divishes en 4 branches. Peigne du 8e. segment
form& chew la seule larve que nous ayons, dun amas dbpines tellement superposees
quil est impossible den indiquer le nombre ou la forme. Siphon, indice 4,5. Cinq
paires de touffes allant en dhcroissant progressivement sont inserees sur les 2/3
apicaux au delh du peigne, qui s6tale sur le l/3 basal et est form6 de 19 dents
longues, pointues et finement denticulees sur le c&t!!. Segment anal compl&ement
entour par la plaque. Celle-ci garnie sur son bord posterieur de petites bpines
courtes et pointues. Tbgument couvert de fins spicules particuli&ement
abondants
ct plus au niveau du thorax.
Type ZocaEity- Brasil,
State of Rio de Janeiro, Bang& Type in U. S. S. M.
II&rib&ion
--- Panama
: French Guiana : Brasil. State of Rio de Janeiro.

Culex
1906

Culex

1915

Howard,

1918

Dyar,

Ins.

Mos.

Am.,

1935

Komp,

1936

Lane,

1945

Wirth,

Dyar

Dyar

J. N.

& Knab,

Ins. Mens.,

I.

Mon.,

106

Dyar & Knab, 1906.

elevator

Ent.

Sot.,

14

217.

414.

1920 Dyer,

id., 8

60

1923 Dy:u.,

id.,

13

173

1928 Dyer.

308.

Proc.
Rev.

Ent.
Mus.

Proc.

1950 Rozeboom
syn.

(Melanoconion)
& Knab,

Ent.

Sot.

Wash.,

Paul.,
Sot.

& Komp,

1915

Culex

apaleticus

1924

Culex dornurrcm

20

Wash.,

An.

Ent.

Howard,
Dyar

37

: 5;

1936

Komp,

id.,

38

64.

180.
47

Sot.

202.
Am.,

Dyar

& Shannon,

43

& Knab,
Ins.

91.
(pro

Ins.

parte),

Mens.,

12

Mon.,

46

321.

; 1925 Dyar,

id.,

13

173.

448

1926

Culex

curryi

Dyar,

Ins.

1928

C. dornarum

Dyar,

Mos.

1939

Culex

1945

C. bonnetti

bonnetti

1948

Culex

Senevet

Floch

Ins.

Mens.,

Am.,

vogelsangi

IA E

14

112.

308.

& Abonnenc,

& Abonnenc,

(Melanoconion)

Ins.

Ar.

Ins.

Pasteur

Anduze,

Pasteur
Guyane

Bol.

Ent.

AlnBrie,
et Inini,

Ven.,

16
110

: 187.
: 1.

62.

Female Dyar (1928) : Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip, black.

Occiput with flat, black scales that, take a white reflection, some flat white ones
on the side. Mesonotum blackish, with narrow, curved, dark bronzy brown scales ;
pleurae and coxae dark greenish. Abdomen black, the sides with basal segmental
small whitish spots ; venter sordid white, the segments broadly blackish at their
apices. Legs black with bronzy luster, the femora whitish below. Wing-scales
linear, narrowly ovate on the second to fourth veins outwardly, all dark.
illale - Proboscis blackish, slightly longer than fore femur. Palpus surpassing proboscis by nearly the length of the last, two segments. Ant;enna strongly
plumose. Occiput with slender brown scales intermixed with dark forked ones,
on the sides with whitish scales.
Thorax : Mesonotum with brown integument, covered with slender brown
scales ; acrostichals an anterior pair, dorsocentrals in a row of long setae.
Legs dark, femora and apex of tibiae whitish internally.
Abdomen dark, with basolateral white spots.
Genitalia : (fig. 431). Basistyle elongate, apical lobe with columnar process
ending in two deformed, divergent, hooked setae, (jcinserted more basally than b ;
upper division with a hooked and a foliaceous setae followed by a leaf and four

Fig.

431.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

elevator

Dyar

&

Knab,

1906.

Male

genitalia.

Original.

foliaceous setae. Dististyle two t,hirds the length of basistyle, capitate at apex,
serrate on upper margin. Claw terminal and expanded. Meaosome with a long
median point nearly at right angles to it, expanded above and with serrations on
top. Ningth tergite with lobes approximate, rounded but broader t,han high, with
slender setae inserted on distinct tubercles.
Unknown.
Pupa Larva - Dyar (1928) : - (fig. 432). Head transverse, bulging on the sides ;
antennae large, a large tuft at outer third, the part beyond slender, the basal part
spinulated, terminal spines long. Head hairs as in figure.

Fig.

432.

Culex

(Melanocooion)

elevator

Dyar

Knab,

1906.

JlrtlWi.

Original.

Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.X 1 -- 1.1.3 2. Comb of

segment VIII
of many scales in a patch. Siphon six times the basal width, the
pecten on basal third followed by five multiple tufts. Anal segment ringed by the
plate which is spiculose dorsoposteriorly ; dorsal hairs (1 + 2).
Type locality - Costa Rica, Porto Limon. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution. -- Costa Rica : Panama : Colombia : Bras& States of Rio
de Janeiro, Mato Gross0 and Rio Grnnde do Norte.

Culex
1920

Culez

Dyar,

Ins.

Mos.

Am.,

1928

Dyar,

1935

Kemp,

1950

Rozeboom

Proc.

(Melanoconion)

Ins.

Mens.,

terebor

Dyar, 1920.

56.

304.

Ent.

& Komp.

Soo. Wwh.,
An.

Ent.

37 : 9.
Sot.

Am.,

43 : 97.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

MaZe -- Proboscis longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus dark, longer than
proboscis by nearly the length of the last two segments. Antenna nearly the length
of proboscis, moderately plumose. Occiput with dark scales having a white sheen.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown scaled. Mesonotum and scutellum with dark
brown integument and scales. Pleura with brown integument.

450

CULEX

Legs dark, femora white ventrally.

Abdomen dark with basal white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 433). Basistyle with divergent lobes on columnar process,
setae a and b long, deformed and hooked at apex ; upper division with a hooked
seta and a slender pointed one followed by two foliaceous setae and three appressed
foliaceous ones. Mesosome forked at apex, with two points, below. Ninth tergite
with lobes broader than high, subquadrate, with moderate, sparse setae.
Type locality Surinam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Surinam.

Fig.

433.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

basistyle,
Fig.

434.

Culex

Root,

1950 Rozeboom

Dyar,
1920.
Male
and ninth
tergite.

genitalia.

Upper

lobe

of

Male
genitalia.
Cpper
lobe of
dyius
Root,
1927.
(Both
based on Rozeboom
dististyle,
mesosome
and ninth
tergite.
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot. Am.,
43 (1)
figs.
52 and 27).

Culex
Culex

mesosome

(Melanoconion)

basistyle,
& Komp,

1927

terebor

dististyle,

Am.

(Melanoconion)

J. Hyg.,

& Komp,

An.

7
Ent.

dyius

Root, 1927.

587,
Sot.

Am.,

43 :

90.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

Mule - Unknown except for the genitalia.
Genitalia : (fig. 434). Basistyle with the upper division having two divergent
arms in the columnar process, setae a and b deformed and hooked at apex ; upper
division a hooked seta and a short pointed leaf followed by a foliaceous seta and
three apprrssed foliaceous setae, basally a slender seta. Dlstistyle attenuated in
the middle, capitate at apex, upper portion serrate, with two spicules. Claw subterminal and expanded. Mesosome slender with a long, broad, blunt point at an
angle in the middle and a few small teeth at apex. Ninth tergites with the lobes
approximate, broader than high, rounded, with a few sparse setae.
Type locality Brad,
Rio de Janeiro. Type in U. S. N. M.
Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro.
Distribution -

451

CULES

Culex

(Melanoconion)

rabanicolus

FIoch and Abonnenc, 1939.

: 1.

1939 Culez Floch & Abonnenc, Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Ter. Inini, 120

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

Male - T&e avec des 6cailles dres&es, en vis, de couleur brun sombre sur
la partie mediane de locciput entrem616es decailles blanches appliquees. Palpes
plus longs que la trompe coudes au niveau de lavant-dernier
article ; les deux
derniers articles presentent sur la face inferieure de longues et fortes soies. Trompe
droite peu 6largie B lextr6mit6.
Les palpes et la trompe sont couverts d6cailles
brun sombre. Antennes plumeuses plus courtes que la trompe.
Thorax : Mesonotum brun sombre couvert dbcailles piliformes a reflets
bronzes et portant de longues et fortes soies qui sont plus denses sur la pa&? post&
rieure. Scutellum trilob6 avec un groupe de fortes soies sur chacun des lobes.
Pattes : Uniformement couvertes d6cailles de couleur brun sombre.
Abdomen avec des Bcailles appliqubes brun fonc6; chacun des segments 2 & 8
port,e B sa base, dorsalement et ventralement, une 6troite bande ddcailles de couleur blanche. Lapex de chaque tergite et la surface de chaqug sternite sont couverts
de fortes so&.
Genitalia : (fig. 435). Basistyle with the columnar process short, seta a
inserted quite before b distorted and hooked, seta b with the apex blunt ; upper
division with a hooked and a pointed seta, followed by a foliaceous seta, a leaf

Fig. 435. -

(Melanoconion)
rabanicolus
Floch & Abonnenc, 1939.
Nale
(Based on Rozeboom k Komp, 1950, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 (1)
12, fig. 73).
Culex

genitalia.
110, pl.

and four foliaceous setae. Mesosome with a point on each side. Ninth tergites subtriangular, setose at apex, the setae moderate.
Type locality - French Guiana, Raban. Type in Institut Pasteur Guyane.
Distribution - French Guiana.

452

CULEX

Culex
1920
1925
1928
1950

(Melanoconion)

nicceriensis

Bonne-Wepster and Bonne, 1920.

: 174 ; 1920 Dyar, id., 8 : 59.

C&z Bonne-Wepster $ Bonne, Ins. Ins. Mens., 7

Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 288.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 303.
Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. -4m., 43 : 93.

Proboscis moderate, swollen apically, black.

Female Dyar (1928) : Occiput with an area of narrow, curved, coppery scales on the vertex, flat, black
and white ones on the sides. Mesonotum black, with narrow, curved, coppery
brown scales ; pleurae and coxae greenish brown. Abdomen black with coppery
reflections ; venter black. Legs dark brown with coppery luster. Wing-scales
rather broadly ovate, especially outwardly on second to fourth veins.
Male - Bonne & Bonne-Wepster (1925) : - Proboscis moderate, enlarged
towards apex, black. Labellae paler, with small hairs. Palpi long, exceeding the
proboscis by the length of the last segment., two last segments and tip of long
segment with long hairs. Antennae plumose, with whorls of long, silky, black
hairs, inserted on black rings ; internodes white. Occiput clothed with coppery
brown, narrow, curved scales ; black upright forked scales and flat white scales
at the sides of the head.
Abdomen black with dull metallic blue and coppery reflection. Dorsal, basal
segmental white bands except. on first two segments. A patch of dull, flat, golden
scales in the middle of the first segment dorsally. Venter black.
Hypogygium : Side pieces twice as long as wide, tips rounded ; a divided
lobe on outer third ; outer division with a terminal filament with bent tip, large
leaf longer even than the filament with a few shorter, flattened, hair-like appendages
subapically, inner division with a filament on a stout pedicel and another filament
from the base of this pedicel. Tenth sternites slender, the tip comb shaped. Clasper
broadened at apex, roughened out,wardly, with a snout-like termination with
subterminal claw. Second mesosomal plate with a concave tip, one point sharp,
the part between the points smoot.h, the other point rounded, smooth. Lobes of
ninth tergites moderate, hairy.
Pupa - Unknown.
Larva - Bonne-Wepster & Bonne (1925) : - Head rounded, broad. Antennae from a notch, large spicular, a large tuft at outer third, the part beyond
slender, two long hairs subapically, a long hair, a short hair and a digit at the tip.
Upper head hairs in threes, lower head-hairs stout, long, simple, ante-antenna1
hairs multiple. Mental plate with big central tooth and eight smaller lateral ones.
Air-tube long, ten times as long as wide, tapering on basal half, cylindrical on
outer half with the tip slightly wider than the middle. Apical two thirds of air-tube
darkened. Pecten of about sixteen teeth on basal two sevenths, each tooth with
four side branches. A number of tufts with from three to five hairs present on
posterior margin, the tuft hairs about three times as long as the diameter of the
tube. Only six tufts are visible in our mount, the first tuft is closely placed to
the pecten, about one tooth-length distant. Comb of the eighth segment a large
triangular patch ; each spine with rounded, apical fringe. Anal segment longer
than wide, ringed by the plate. Ventral brush well developed, confined to the
barred area, dorsal hairs two long ones and a short one on each side.
Type locality Surinam,
Kabelstation.
Type in Holland.
Surinam
: Venezuela.
Dkribution

Culex

(_Melanoconion)

pilosus

(Dyar & Knab, 1906).

Mochlostyaz Dyar & Knab, J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 14 : 224.

CuZez Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mon., 3 : 393.
Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 12 : 186 ; 1925 Dyar, id., 13 : 39, 170.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 290.
1936 Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 38 : 64.
1906
1915
1924
1928

_______________

IT

I,

453
-_. --

-_ _____.__.__-__~-

1945 Wirth, Proc. Ent. Sor. Wash., 47 : 202.

1950 Rozeboom $ Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 ; 94.
syn. 1906 Mochlostyras cubensis Dyar & Knsb, J. N. Y. Ent. Sor., 14 : 223.
1906 Mochlostyrax Jbmaicrnsis Grabham, Can. Ent., 38 : 318.
1906 Mochlostyrax floridanus Dyar & Knab, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 19: 171.
19(h Culex agitator Dyar $ Knab, J. N. Y. Ent. SOP., 15 : 100.
1907 CuZex hesitator Dyar & Knab, J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 15 : 205.
1908 CuZex deceptor Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Coils., Quar. Iss., 52 : 257.
1908 CuZex reductor Dyar & Knab, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 11 : 39.
191.5 C. agitator, ignobilis, reductor, floridanus and deceptor Howard, Dyar and Knab, Mon.,
3

384,

390,

399,

402,

408.

1915 CuZex ma&& Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mon., 3 : 426.

1920 CuZexcuropinensis Bonne-Wepster &zBonne, Ins. Ins. Mens., 7
Komp, id., 11 : 133.

Culrx

(Melanoconion)

Male genitalia.
Fig. 437. --

Terminal

piiosus

(Dgar

& Knah,

1906).

Original.
ahdominal segments.

Original.

177

1923 C. floridanus

Male genitalia.

Originnl.

454

CULEX

1923

C. floridanus

1924

Culex

Dyar,

1925

C. curopinensis,

1939

Culex

colombiensis
radiatus

Proc.
Dyar,

U.

Mens.,

and

reductor

& Abonnenc,

emus., fi2

Ins.

hesitater
Senevet

S. Nat.

Ins.

12

Bonne
Ar.

11.

184.
& Bonne-Wepster,

Ins.

Pasteur

Alghie,

Mos.
17

Sur.,

311,

313.

120.

Female - Head : Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark. Palpus twice the
length of clypeus. Antenna filiform and longer than proboscis. Occiput covered
with blackish scales having white luster and erect, forked ones.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown. Mesonotum light brown, with light
brown scales ; dorsocentrals very long. Scutellum with 4-6-4 setae. Pleura with
four mesepimeral setae and two posterior pronotal ones.
Legs dark except femora and tibiae ventrally as well as femoro tibia1 and
tibio tarsal joints which are whitish.
Bbdomen dark, with (sometimes without) basal white bands. Spermathecae
three, the median one larger.
Male - Proboscis one fifth longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of the last two segments which are pilose. Antenna about
the length of proboscis, moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 436). Basistyle nearly as broad as high, rounded ; apical
lobe with columnar process having setae a and b divergent and ending in a hook,
a inserted more internally than b ; upper division in two branches, the first with
a hooked leaf and three foliaceous ones ; the second with three very united leaves.
Dist,istyle attenuated in the middle, the distal portion capitate, pilose on upper
margin, with a spicule. Claw expanded. Mesosome with three apical points besides
another one on the inferolateral margin, the upper points striate. Ninth tergites
with the median space concave and spiculose, the lobes slender, elongate and in a
sparsely pilose point.
Pupa - (fig. 437). Tube elongate, darker beyond the middle, little expanded
at apex. Cephalothoracic seta.e with a single long, multiple one.
Abdomen slight,ly sclerotixed in the first four abdominal segments. Seta A
long on segment II, on III-VI
short and multiple, on VII longer and double, in
VIII with three or four filaments ; seta B small on segment III, developed and in
a t,uft on segment II, in V and VI double and longer than respective segment ;
hair C developed and in a tuft on segments IV-VI.
Paddle broad and ending in
two spicules, one of them longer.
Larva - (fig. 438). Head broader than long. Hair 4 very small and double,
5 double, 6 simple, 7 with about five feathered branches. Antenna long, curved,
darker at base, spiculose, the tuft developed and beyond the middle, ending in two
long setae, a slender and a shorter one.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula, 1.1.3 1. 1.1.2. - 2. Abdomen
with a row of ten slender and pointed scales in a line on segment VIII.
Siphon
three times as long as basal width, the pect,en formed by about twelve scales and
nine tufts placed from nearly the base to apex. Anal segment ringed by the plate
and with a long, dorsal seta and another short one, followed by another long one ;
lateral seta small, triple. Gills very long and slender.
Type locality Mexico,
Sta. Lucrecia. Type in U. S. X. M.
Distribution U. S. A. : Panama
: Colombia:
Venezuela
: Mexico :
Honduras
: Equador
: Costa Rica
Cuba : Jamaica
: Salvador : Bra&l.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

Surinam

C&es

1925

Bonce

Bonne-Wepster

& Bonne,

& Bonne-Wepster,

1928

Dyar,

1950

Rozeboom

Mos.

Am.,

Mos.

Ins.
hr.,

Ins.

Mens.,

305.

304.

& Kemp,

An.

Ent.

Sot.

Am.,

43

96.

172

Guiana

Antilles

Bonne-Wepster

saramaccensis

and Bonne, 1920.

1920

French

1920

Dear,

id.,

8 :

59.

Fig.

43K.

Culex
terminal

(Melanoconion)

segments

pilosus

of

abdomen.

JJ E

455

Dyar
&
Original.

Knab,

1906.

Larva.

Head

and

Female Proboscis blackish, longer than fore femur. Palpus twice the
length of clypeus, blackish. Antenna with blackish torus, flagellum as long as
proboscis. Occiput with blackish scales.
Thorax dark brown. Pronotal lobe dark brown. Mesonotum and scutellum
covered with bronzy scales.
Legs dark, femora whitish underneath.
Abdomen blackish, with small basolateral white spots.
Male - Bonne & Bonne-Wepster (1925) : - Coloration as in the female.
Palpi long, about as long as the proboscis with very few hairs on the last segments.
Antennae with moderately long hair-whorls, but more plumose than in the female.
Stems of the fork cells longer. Claws indrstinct.
Hypopygium : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, tips conically tapered,
a divided prominence on outer half ; outer division of prominence with a single,
terminal filament, free from the other, its tip hooked ; inner division of prominence
with a stout, terminal, straight rod and a slender, curved one with hooked tip at
its base. Tenth sternites slender throughout, tips comb-shaped, with about eight
teeth. One of the mesosomal plates triangular, concave at apical margin, inner
limb small, pointed tooth-like, outer broad, rounded.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva Head rounded, widest through eyes. Antennae large, spicular, a
large tuft at apical third, the part beyond slender. Two subapical, long harrs ;
two apical short hairs and a digit. Head-hairs in twos or single ; moderate. Anteantenna1 hairs in fives. Body very hairy. Air-tube moderate, cylindrical, six times

CULEX

456
- --____

-_

_.

_~

__

__

as long as wide, tapering on basal half, slightly curved ; five pairs of long ventral
tufts, gradually diminishing in length, the basal ones longer than half of the tube.
A few additional, small, subdorsal tufts. Pecten of about twelve teeth on basal
two fiftjhs of the tube reaching beyond the first ventral t,uft, each tooth with very
fine serrations on one side. Two hooks at the apex of the tube. Comb of the eighth
segment of many, very large, spines in three rows, each spine with a big central
tooth and a lateral fringe. Anal segment longer than wide, spicular-pilose, dorsally
t,wo long hairs and two short hairs on each side. Ventral brush well developed,
confined to the barred area. 14nal gills longer than the segment.
Type ZocaEitySurinam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribut?on Surinam .

Culex

(Melanoconion)

19.76 Culex Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 29

flabellifer

323

Komp, 1936.

1950 Rozeboom & Komp, id., 43 : 91.

Female, pupa and larva. Unknown.

:Mnle - Komp (1936) : - A small brown unmarked CuZe.r, the palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last two segments.
Genitalia : (fig. 439). Basistyle with columnar process having divergent arms,
setae CLand b deformed and hooked at apex, base of process with minute spicules ;
upper division with a hooked seta and a short, blunt one followed by another spatulate seta at apex, three foliaceous appressed setae and a large, triangular leaf.
Dististyle attenuated in the middle, capitate at apex, upper margin serrate, two
spicules below. Claw subterminal and expanded. Liesosome with two lateral
points, one of them curved upwards, upper margin serrate. Ninth tergite with
the lobes brosdcr than high, with short, erect setae.

Fig. 439. -

CJex (Melanoconion)
flabellifer
Komp, 1936.
Male genitalia.
Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, An. Ent. SW. .im.,
43 (1) : fig. 36).

(Based

on

Type locality

--

Disltibution

Culex

Panama,
Mexico :

(Melanoconion)

1920

CuZex Bonne-Wepster

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

1950

Rozeboom

Am.,

alcocci Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, 1920.

& Bonne,

Ins.

Mos.

Sur..

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

Colon Province, Santa Ttosa. Type in Il. S. N. M.

Panama.

Ins.

Mens.,

171

1921

Dyar,

id.,

8 : 58.

29C.

302.

& Komp,

An.

Ent.

Sot.

Am.,

43

86.

Female - Bonne & Bonne-Wepster (1925) : --- Proboscis very long, slender,
swollen at tip. Vestiture black. Labellae paler with a few small hairs. Palpi
short, hairy, one-sixth as long as the proboscis. Antennae dark, rugose, pilose,
with moderately long hair-whorls.
Clypeus rounded, dark.
Occiput densely
clothed with yellowish brown, upright forked and narrow curved scales medianly,
with flat, greyish-white scales on the sides.
Prothoracic lobes yellowish black, with hairs and some dark scales. Mesonotum shining yellowish grey, with a very narrow black median line, clothed with
a few rows of hairs and numerous, very long and narrow curved, black scales with
strong golden yellowish luster, which makes them look like pale yellow scales
in certain lights and black in others. Two narrow, submedian, bare lines. Scutellum
pale shining, trilobed, each lobe with a few hairs. Vestiture as on the mesonotum.
Postnotum pale, nude, with a black, median line. Pleurae and coxae pale greenish
brown.
Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, truncate. Dorsal vestiture black with
blue and coppery reflections, pale apical hairs. A row of short, yellow hairs on
the apex of each segment. A few dull white scales on the sides of the segments
basally, forming small obscure, lateral spots. Venter paler than the dorsal surfaae
without distinct bands.
Wings . . . . Haltere pale.
Legs bronzy brown. Femora paler beneat,h basally.
Male Coloration as in the female. Palpi long, exceeding the proboscis
by the length of the two last joints. Two last joints and tip of long joint hairy.
Antennae plumose, with long hair-whorls, white on the internodes. . . .
Hypopygium : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tips conically tapered
a prominence on outer third, consist,ing of two portions, basal portion slender with
a long, curved rod at its apex and a straight rod at, its extreme base, tips of rods
hooked ; outer portion with a rod with hooked t,ip, four stout setae half as long
as the rod and a large leaf, exceeding in length the rod ; at, the base of the outer
portion there is another long rod present. Clasper stout, with straight, basal half
and broadened, snout-like, apical portion, subterminally a flattened, appendiculate
claw is present, outer margin of snout-like portion roughened, two setae present
on separate peduncles. Tenth sternites with very slender stem, tip broadened with
a comb of very fine, hair-like teeth, a short, seta on a peduncle before apex. One
of the mesosomal plates with slender, short, base, apical part widened with a deep
incision from tip to middle, incision leaving two teeth, inner one sharp, curved and
strongly chitinized, outer one straight and bluntly rounded at tip. T,obes of ninth
tergite setose.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 440). Head broader than long, hairs as in figure. Antenna with
the tuft at outer third, ending in three long and one short setae.
Body minutely spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.X - 2 - 1.1.2. Siphon
darkened, four and a half times the broadest widt,h, the pecten beyond basal
third followed by four, short, multiple tufts. Anal segment darkened, broader
than long ; dorsal setae (1 + 2). Comb of segment VIII of three rows of scales.
Type locality -. Surinam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Surinam.

Fig.

440.

1920

Culex

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

Culex

(Melanoconion)

Culex
Dynr,

(Melanoconion)

Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

Am.,

Proc.

Bonne-Wepster

alcocci

Mos.

& Bonnr,

1920.

Larw

Originsi.

Dyar, 1920.

comminutor

70.

Sur.,

286.

322.

1935

Komp,

1939

Senevet

Ent.

Sot.

1950

Rozeboom

syn.

1928

Culex

1936

C. distinguendus

Lane,

1936

C. distinguendus

Komp,

1936

C. alcocci

1939

Culex

& Abonnenc,
& Komp,

Wash.,
Ar.

An.

distinguenclus

Lane

productus

(net

Ins.
Ent.

60.

Sot.

Dyar,

Algtkie,

Am.,

Mos.

Ins.

Ent.

Rev.

17

87.

43 : 89.

Am.,

Hyg.,

Proc.

Dyar),

Senevet

Pasteur

30E.

S. Paulo,
Sot.
Mus.

& Abonnenc,

Bol.

Wash.,
Paul.,

Ar.

Ins.

20

60
38

12.
64.

189.

P&eur

AlgBrie,

17

87.

Female and pupa Unknown.

,VaZe - Proboscis as long as fore femur, slender, dark. Palpus surpassing
proboscis by nearly last two segments which are acuminate. Antenna as long as
proboscis and moderately plumose. Occiput with blackish scales having a whitish
sheen.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with whitish scales and a few long setae. Mesonotum
dark brown with slender bronzy scales ; acrostichals shorter than dorsocentrals
but long also. Pleura brown, margin of some sclerites blackish.
Legs dark, femora whitish underneath.
Abdomen blackish, the segments with basal white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 441). Basistyle with columnar process in two divergent arms,
setae a and b deformed and hooked at apex ; upper division with a hooked seta and
a short straight one followed by a large leaf and a foliaceous seta then three
foliaceous appressed setae and a slender seta at base. Dististyle
(damaged).
Mesosome with an upper and a lower points, both curved. Ninth tergit,es small,
subtriangular, with small setae.
Pupa Unknown.

459

CULES

Larva - Senevet & Abonnenc (1939) : - T&e.

Plus large que longue, a
forte saillie 1aGrale. Touffe de lantenne un peu au de& du milieu, la partie apicale
brusquement r&rkie ; des spicules forts et pointus abondants sur toute la partie
basal, et mdme sur la partie r&r&ie oti ils atteignent presquelapex.
Epines pr6clypbales fortes et chitinisees. Soie frontale externe (antennaire) : une dizaine de
branches, au moins, trapues, avec de courts ramuscules assez raides ; mbdian assez
longue forte, simple ; interne moins longue, plus grble, divisbe en deux branches
avec des ramuscules.

442.

Fig.

441.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

comminutor

Dyar,

1920.

Fig.

442.

Culex
(Melanoconion)
Original.

conspirator

Dyar

&

Knab,

Male

genitalia.

1906.

BIale

Ori,qindl.
genitalia.

Propleurales : une soie assez

Thorax : Soies prothoraciques (2 + 8)-1-l-3-2.
forte, deux soies plus greles et un petit bouquet de 5-6 branches. M&opleurales :
deux grosses soies garnies de courts spicules ; soie multiple & 5 branches avec des
ramuscules, 6pine peu dkvelopphe. Mbtapleurales : une fort soie avec des spicules,
une soie g&e et plus courte, simple, soie multiple S 7 branches avec des ramuscules.
Abdomen. Soies latkales de labdomen en 3 ou 4 sur les segments 4-5-6. Epines du
8e. segment en un placard sur plusieurs rangs. Chaque Bpine forte avec une longue
et forte dent centrale et de courtes barbules a la base de cette dent. Siphon moyen ;
indice 3,9 un peu r&r&i dans sa partie mediane ; peigne atteignant le quart basal,
form4 de 14 dents, longues, pointues, rkgulierement espacbes, avec de courts dentlcules sur les cot&. Six paires de touffes sur le bord ventral, de tailles progressivement dkroissantes.
Une paire de fort crochets & lapex.
Segment anal entoure
complkment
par la plaque. Bord post&ieur de celle-ci abondanment garni dBpines
asses fortes et longues. Sur la plaque elle meme, des petits peignes de 5 ou 6 bpines.
Soies dorsales (1 + 1 + 2). T&ument : spicules t&s developpes et tr&s abondants
sur les derniers segments abdominaux et le thorax, plus discrets sur le reste de la
larve.

Type lacality Distribzrtion --

Culex
1906

Culex

Dyar

& Knab,

Dyar &
Ins.

1928 Dyar,
Komp,

J.

id.,

Mos.

Y.

Ent.
3

: 105 ;
; 1925

47

Dyar and Knab, 1906.

conspirator

hfon.,

12

Am.,

Proc.

N.

Knab,

Ins. Mens.,

& Shannon,
1935

Type in U. S. N. M.
Guiana.

: French

(Melanoconion)

1915 Howard,
1918 Dyar,

Surinam.
Surinam

Sot..

14 : 217.

410.

1920 Dyar,

id., 8

Dysr.

13

id.,

58

22,

1923 Dyar,

800.

& Komp,

wyn.

Wash.,

An.

Sot.

5.
Am.,

: 89.

dysmathes

1921

Culex

hqloneus Dyar,

1921

Culex

pasadaemon

Dyar,

Ins.

Ins.

hfens.,

: 100.

1921

CuIex

merodaemon

Dyar,

Ins.

Ins.

&lens.,

: 100.

C. pasadaemon,

1924

Culex jatuator

& Ludlow,

43

Culex

1921

Dyar

37

Ent.

1921

Ins.

Ins.

merodaemon,
Dyar

mwoneus

1927 Culez

macaronensis_Dysr

Dyar,

1928

inducens

Root

holonaus,

Ins.

Mens.,

Ins.
(in

Tns. Mens.,
9

dysmathes

& Shannon,

1925 Culer

1928 C. jatwalor,

11 : 69 : 1924 Dyar

306.

Ent.

1950 Rozeboom

C&x

id.,

28.

11s.

Ins.

and

Dyar),

macaronensis

Mos.

Ins.

,4m.,

Dyar,

holoneus
AMens., 12

13

Ins.

47.

35.

Ins.

Mens.,

& Tovar,

Dyar,

47.

14

id.,

114.

22.
Mens.,

153.

307.

BIOS. Am.,

301,

306,

309.

Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, slightly swollen at tip, black.

Occiput with flat black scales, a few white ones along eye-margin and below. Mesonotum blackish, with dark brown, curved scales ; pleurae brown the coxae
more or less greenish. Abdomen black, the sides with basal segmental white spots ;
venter with the segments white at base, black at tip. Legs black with bronzy reflection, the femora whitish below. Wing-scales linear, becoming ovate outwardI>
on second to fourth veins.
MnZe - Palpus and proboscis dark brown. Palpus surpassing proboscis by
the length of the last segrnent and half the penultimate one. Antenna plumose, as
long as proboscis. Occiput, with white, broad scales mixed with blackish, forked
ones.
Thorax : Mesonotum with brown integument, covered with scales of this
color ; dorsocentral setae longer than the acrostichals.
Legs with femora and femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal joints whitish, the rest
dark.
hbdomen dark.
Genit(alia : (fig. 442). Basistyle elongate ; columnar process with two divergcut setae that are deformed and hooked ; upper division with seta c hooked, the
other setsacfoliaceous, united and a large striated leaf, base of division with a small
seta. Dististyle short, capitate at apex where there are two spicules and an upper
serration. Claw large, subterminal.
Mesosome broad, with two sharp points in
one of the margins, the upper one, largest. Ninth tergite with the lobes approximate, subtriangular, covered with hairs inserted in distinct tubercles.
Pupa (fig. 443 A.)
Larva - Dyar (3928) : - (fig. 442 B). Head transverse, bulging at the
sides ; antennae large, a large tuft at outer third, the part beyond slender, basal
part spinulated, terminal spines long.
Body smoothly spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula : 1.1.3 - 1 - 1.1.2 - 1.
Comb of segment VIII of many scales in a pat,ch. Siphon nearly five times as long
as wide, the pecten beyond basal third followed by four tufts beyond it). Anal
segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush posterior ; dorsal tuft
a long hair, a long and two short ones on each side ; lateral tuft small. Anal gills
a,bout as long as the segment, pointed.
Type locality Mexico, Oaxaca, Almoyola.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Fc~r~ale

461

CULEX

-_ ~

--

442-B.
Fig.

442-B.

443-A.
Culex

(Melanoconion)

conspirator

terminal abdominal segments.

in part).
Fig. 443-9.

Pupa.

Culex

Dyar
& Knab, 1906.
Larva.
Head and
(Based on Dyar, 1928, Jfos. Am., fig. 247.

Tube and abdominal segments, doval.

Distribution - Mexico:
Equador : Venezuela.

1920
1925
1928
1950

.---___--

Panama:

(Melanoconion)

Costa

Rica:

phlabistus

Culer Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 8 : 63.

Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 286.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 313.
Rozeboom & Kemp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43

Original.

Salvador:

Dyar,

ColomlGa

1920.

94.

Female, pupa und larva Unknown.

illale - Proboscis longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus surpassing proboscis
by nearly tht: length of the last two segments. Antenna a little longer than proboscis, quite plumose. Occiput with black scales having white reflections.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with black scales having white reflections. Mesonoturn with blackish integument, coppery scdcs. Scutellum the color of mesonotum.
Pleura dark brown with black markings.
Ilegs dark, whitish on femora ventrally.
Abdomen blackish with large basolateral white spots nearly forming bands.
Genitalia : Dyar (1928) : - Side-piece elliptical, convex outwardly ; inner
division of the lobe furcate, the inner arm ve_ry short, outer moderate, each with a
long filament with spatulate tip ; outer dlvlsion slenderly columnar, a curved
outer arm arising before tip, bearing a filament and a small leaf, tip with a long
and a short filament, middle filament at the junction of the arm, strongly inserted,
long. Clasper widely snout-shaped, crested minutely, with double terminal horn
and slender appendiculate spine. Ninth tergites moderate, rounded basally, truncate apically, with many fine hairs from tubercular base. Mesosomal plate elongate,
cupshaped furcate, third horn-like point basally off the middle.
Type locality Surinam.
T.vpe in U. S. N. M.
Distribution -- Surinam.

Culex
1906
1906
1912
1918
1928
1950

(Melanoconion)

mutator

Dyar & Knab, 1906.

Culex Dyar & Knab, J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 14 : 216.

Dyar, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 8 : 17.
Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mon., 2 : 108 ; 1915 Howard, Dyar & Knab, id., 3
Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 : 105 ; 1920 Dyar, id., 8 : 66 ; 1923 Dyar. id., 11
Dyar, Mos. Am., 316.
Roaeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 93.

:
:

422.
118.

462

CULEX

Female and pupa - Unknown.

Male - Proboscis dark, longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than proboscis
by nearly the length of the last two segments. Antenna moderately plumose and
nearly as long as proboscis. Abdomen dark with basal white bands on segments.
Genitalia : (fig. 444). Basistyle with divergent arms on columnar process,
setae a and b deformed and hooked at apex ; upper division a hooked seta and a
pointed one, followed by a pointed seta, a large leaf and four appressed foliaceous
setae, a slender seta and a minute one at base. Dististyle attenuated beyond the
middle, capitate at apex, serrate above and with two spicules below. Claw subterminal and expanded. Mesosome with a point on each side, the apex also pointed.
Ninth tergite with rounded lobes bearing a few moderate setae.

Fig.

444.

Culex
(Melanoconion)
mutator
on Rozeboom
& Kemp,
1950,

Dyar
& Knab,
1906.
Male
An. Ent.
Sot. am.,
43:
fig.

genitalia.
55).

(Based

Larva - (fig. 444 A). Head hairs with 7 long, multiple, the other hairs
simple except 4 which is double and 8 which is short and triple.
Body finely spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.x 1 1.1.3 2.
Lateral comb of eighth segment of many scales in several rows. Siphon four and
a half times basal width, the pecten beyond basal third and followed by five multiple tufts, the basal one within the pecten, two dorsal double hairs present. Anal
segment ringed by the plate, spiculose on posterior margin ; dorsal hairs (2 + 1) ;
lateral hair single.
Type locality - Mexico.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Mexico.

.
463

CULES

Fig.

444

A.

Cuiex

(Melanoconion)

mutator

Culex (Melanoconion)
1920

Culex

Dyar,

Ins.

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

ilm.,

Ins.

1950

Rozeboom

syn.

1924

Culex

1928

C. mun~osensis

Mens.,

71

Dyar

& Knab,

Dyar,

eastor

1924 Dyar,

id.,

1906.

12

Larva.

Original.

1920.

184.

323.

& Komp,

An.

nzanaosensis

Ent.

Sot.

Am.,

Evans,

An.

Trop.

Dyar,

Mos.

Am.,

43 : 90.
Med.

& Par.,

18

370.

316.

Female Dyar (1928) : Proboscis moderate, scarcely swollen at tip,

black. Occiput with flat, black scales that take a bronzy or white reflection. Mesonotum very dark brown, with narrow, curved, dark bronzy brown scales ; pleurae
dark brown, black in the incisures. Abdomen black, the sides with small basal
segmental white patches ; venter largely black, the bases of the segments narrowly
white. Legs black, the femora brown beneath, tips of tibiae brown. Wing scales
ovate, broader outwardly on second to fourth veins.
Male - Proboscis a little longer than fore femur, blackish. Palpus longer
than proboscis by nearly the last two segments Antenna the length of proboscis
and moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 445). Basistyle ovate ; apical lobe with the columnar process
quite long, setae a and b divergent, deformed, hooked, a inserted below b ; upper
division elongate with a long hooked seta, followed by a short, broad, striated leaf
and ending in two small foliaceous setae inserted more basally, at base and on one
side of this structure a small slender seta. Dististyle short, the distal portion
capitate, serrate on upper margin. Claw expanded. Mesosome with three points on
distal portion, one of them rounded, the other sharp, the last one curved. Ninth
tergite with the median space spiculose and slightly convex, the lobes rounded,
sparsely covered with short hairs inserted in distinct tubercles.

46-k

CULEX

Pupa and larva Unknown.

Type locality Surinam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Guianas : Colombia : Guatemala
Distribution States of Mato Gross0 and Amazonas.

Pig. 445. -

:,Panama
?+j

(L&X (Melanocunion) castor

Dyar, 1920.
Male genitalia.
boom & Komp, 1950, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43: fig. 28).

Culex

(Melanoconion)

thomasi

: Brasil,

(P,nwd on Roze-

Evans, 1924.

1924 Culex Evans, An. Trop. Med. & Par., 18 : 372.

1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 298.
1939 Senevet & Abonnenc, Ar. Ins. Pasteur Alg&le, 17 : 97 ; 1945 Senevet & Abonnenc, id., 19:
42 ; 1945 Floch & Abonnenc, Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Ter. Inim, 110 : 34.
1950 Roeeboom & Komg, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 97.
syn. 1939 Culez tournieri
Senevet & Abonnenc, Ar. Ins. Pasteur AlgBrie, 17 : 105 ; 1941 Senevet
& Abonnenc, id., 19 : 42.

Female and pupa - Unknown.

Male - Proboscis dark. Palpus longer than proboscis by less than the last
two segments. Antenna as long as proboscis and quite plumose. Occiput with
slender white scales mixed with black forked ones, on mentum broad and white.

Thorax with brown integument.

Pronotal lobe blackish. Mesonotum with
coppery scales. Pleura brown.
Legs dark except femora which are white internally.
Abdomen dark with broad basal white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 446). Basistyle rounded ; apical lobe with setae a and b
parallel, deformed, hooked, a inserted before b ; there is dense short pilosity on
base of columnar process ; upper division elongate with a hooked seta and a slender
pointed one followed by a foliaceous seta and a leaf then three appressed foliaceous
setae, two small slender setae at base. Dististyle two thirds the length of basistyle,
attenuated in the middle, apex broadened, serrate on upper margin and with two
spicules. Claw expanded. Mesosome with three points, the two upper ones forming
a fork, the lateral one curved. Ninth tergites with large lobes, rounded, quite
broader than high, covered with short hairs inserted on distinct tubercles.

447

446.

Fig.

446.

Culex

Fig.

447.

Culex

(Based

(Melanoconion)
(Melanoconion)

on

Rowboom

thomasi

Evans,

inhibitator

& Kemp,

Dyar

1930,

Male

1924.

.\n.

Knab,
Ent.
Sot.
&

genitalia.

Original.

Male
1906.
Am.,
43:
fig.

genitalia.
41).

Larva Senevet & Abonnenc (1939) : - T&e.

Plus large que longue ;
au tiers apical.
saillies laterales prononcees et anguleuses. Touffe de lantenne
Spicules longs, nombreux et pointus sur toute la base de lantenna et sur la moitiC
Epines preclypeales fortes et chibinisees. Soies fronbasale de la partie r&r&%.
tales externes fortes, a 12 branches, avec ramuscules ; soies moyennes simples,
fortes, quelques ramuscules ; internes simples, grbles, rarement doubles.
Thorax. Soies prothoraciques (2 + 3) -- 2-l-l-3-2.
Propleurales : une forte
soie, deux soies plus g&es et un bouquet dune dizaine de branches. Epine basale
assez nette. Mesopleurales : epine longue et pointue ; deux fortes soies avec des
spicules, une soie basale a 4 branches. Metapleurales : une forte soie avec des
spicules, une soie courte et grele, une soie multiple B 6-7 branches avec des barbules.
Epine finement pointue. Abdomen. Soies laterales triples sur les segments 4-5-6.

Peigne du Se. segment sur trois rang&es au moins ; bpines dilatees a leur apex en
une sorte de t,&e frangee. Index du siphon voisin de 4 (chiffres extremes 3,8 et 4,6).
Peigne serrb remontant sur plus du tiers. Les Bpines sont longues pointues, denticulees sur un de leurs bords, rBguli&ement espac&. Cinq paires de touffes sur le
siphon, diminuant rkgulierement espacBes de la Ire. B la 5e., aucune entre les peignes.
Plaque anale entourant le segment ; de forts spicules prks du bord post&ieur, surtout du c&b dorsal. Peignes supplementaires peu visibles form& de 6-7 dents tr&s
courtes. Soies dorsales 1 + (1 + 2). Tegument presque glabre, les spicules peu
visibles au niveau du Se. segment, ne le sont pas du tout sur le rest de labdomen
mais ils sont au contraire t&s nets sur le thorax.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Amazonas, Manaus. Type in L. S. T. M.
Distribution - French Guiana;
Brad,
State of Amazonas.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

1906

Culex

Dyar

1915

Howard,

1920

Dyar,

Ins.

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

Dyar

19% Kemp,
1901

Mens.,

Am.,

Proc.

N.

Ent.

Mon.,
8

Dyar & Knab, 1906.

inhibitator

Y.

Sot.,

14 :

216.

: 391.

76.

317.

Ent.

Sot.

& Komp,

Culex stratus
3:

J.

& Knab,

Ins.

19.50 Rozeboom
syn.

& Knab,

Wash.,

An.

Ent.

Theobald

37 :

9 ;

1936

Sot.

Am.,

43

(pro

parte),

Komp,

Mon.

id.,

38

64.

91.
Cul.,

55

M. stratus Theobald,

1903

id.,

239.

1906

Culez

investigator

1908

Culex

inaocator

1908

C. imocutor

Dyar

1915

C. invocator

and

Dyar

Pzzos,

& Knab,
An.

& Knab,
inveetigotw

J.

AC. Cien.
Smiths.
Howard.

N.

Y.

Ent.

SOL,

Med.

Fis.

y Nat.

Misc.
Dyar

Cools.,

14

Quar.

& Knab,

216.

Habana,
Iss.,

Mon.,

14 :

52
3

426.

258.

323,

397.

Female Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus dark,
twice the length of clypeus. Antenna longer than proboscis. Occiput with broad
white and dark scales mixed with blackish forked ones.
Thorax : Mesonotum brown, with bronzy scales or with an indistinct pattern
of whitish ones ; acrostichals small, dorsocentrals long and appressed. Scutellum
white scaled. Pleura with white patches of scales and yellow setae.
Legs dark except femora ventrally as well as femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal
joints which are white.
Abdomen dark with basolateral white spots.
Male - Proboscis dark, one sixth longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than
proboscis by the last two segments. Antenna strongly plumose and as long as proboscis. Abdominal spots sometimes forming bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 447). Columnar process spiculose at base, the two arms divergent, setae deformed and hooked at apex ; upper division with a hooked seta and
a pointed one followed by a narrow leaf, three foliaceous setae and a large leaf,
a slender seta at base. Dististyle attenuated beyond the middle, capitate at apex,
serrate on upper margin and with two spicules. Mesosome with a point on each side,
one below the other, upper margin serrate. Ninth tergite with the lobes approximate, elongate, higher than broad and with long, slender setae.
Pupa - Tube very long and slender, sclerotized before base.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - Head transverse, bulging at the sides ; antennae
long, a tuft at outer third, the part beyond more slender, basal part spinulated ;
head-hairs, upper small, in four to six, lower long, :single, small, mid-hairs single,
anteantennal tuft multiple.
Body densely pilose, though sometimes the pile is
pale and obscure. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of a number of spines in a
rather small patch. Air-tube six times as long as wide; pecten, reaching one-third,
followed by six hair tufts of approximately even length, the basal longest, but the
apical one is more than half its length ; two small tufts laterally on the tube. Anal
segment longer t,han wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush posterior ; dorsal tuft
a long hair and a long and a short hair on each side. Anal gills small, tapered.

c u

46i

Type locality S. Domingo.

in U. S. Ic. M.
Distribution - Mexico : S. Domingo : Colombia
Trinidad
: Jamaica.

Culex
1936

CuIex

Kemp,

(Melanoconion)

An.

Ent.

Sot.

Am.,

29

331

Komp, 1936.

lucifugus

: Guianas

: Venezuela

1950 Rozeboom

& Komp,

id.,

43 : 92.

Female, pupa and larva - Unknown.

Male - Komp (1936) : - A small brown unmarked Culex, the palpi exceeding the proboscis by almost the length of the last two segments.
Genitalia : (fig. 448). Basist*yle with two divergent arms on columnar process, setae a and b long, deformed and hooked at apex ; upper division with a
hooked seta and a pointed, short one followed by a narrow leaf and four appressed
foliaceous setae. Dististyle attenuated in the middle, capitate at apex, serrate on
upper margin, with two spicules. Claw subterminal and expanded. Mesosome
with two points on one side, the lower longer, the upper bifid, carinate dorsally and
with an apical point on the other side. Ninth tergite with the lobes approximate,
broader than long, subquadrate and with sparse moderate setae.
Type locality - Venezuela,
Quirequire. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Venezuela;
Trinidad
(B. W. I.).

Fig.

448.

Culex
(Melanoconion)
Rozeboom
& Komp,

Culex
1906

Culex

(_Melanoconion)

Dyar

& Knab,

1918 Dyar,

Ins.

Ins.

1927

Am.

J.

Root,

1935

Komp,

1950

Roaeboom

eyn.

1920

Proc.
Culex

lucifugus
1950,
An.

J.

hiens.,
Hyg.,

Ent.

& Komp,

N.
6 :

Sot.
An.

vaxua Dyar,

Y.

Sot.,

14

1920 Dyar,

217.

id.,

586.
Wash.,
Ent.
Ins.

37
Sot.

Ins.

7.
Am.,

Jfens..

43 :
8

90.

73.

Male
genitalia.
43:
fig.
48).

(Based

Dyar & Knab, 1906.

educator

Ent.

105 ;

Komp,
1936.
Ent.
Sot. Am.,

74

1925 Dear,

id.,

11

: 22.

on

468

CULEX

Cukx bib&a
Dyar, Ins. Ins. &fens., ?4.
1922 Culez aneles Dyer & Ludlow, Mil. Surg., I : 63.
1923 C. a&es Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 10 : 97 ; 1923 C. bibulus and aneles Bonne-Wepster rt
Bonne, id., 11 : 178 ; 1925 C. aneles Dyar, id., 13 : 22.
1928 C. bibdus Dyar. Mos. Am., 328.

1920

Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, slightly swollen at tip, black.

Occiput with flat black scales that take a white reflection. Mesonotum dark brown,
with narrow j curved, bronzy brown scales ; pleurae dull brown, often black marked
in the incisures. Abdomen black, with small lateral basal segmental whitish spots ;
venter indist,inctly banded, the segments pale at base. Legs black, femora brown
below. Wing-scales linear, ovate outwardly on second to fourth veins.
llrfale - Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus longer than
proboscis by the length of last and part of the penultimate segments. Antenna
plumose. Occiput with broad, white, long scales mixed with erect forked ones.
Thorax : Mesonotum brown, with light brown and yellowish scales ; acrostichals only in front, dorsocentrals in a row of short setae. Scutellum yellow scaled.
Legs brown except femora internally and apex of tibiae.
Abdomen dark, with basal white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 449). Basistyle ovate ; columnar process somewhat elongate,
the setae a and b divergent, deformed, hooked, a inserted more basally than b ;
upper division elongate, with a hooked and a foliaceous and short setae, followed
by three appressed foliaceous setae. Dististyle short, apex capitate, upper margin
Mesosome with an
setose, a spicule below. Claw expanded and subterminal.
apical fork, the median branch with two to four small teeth, on opposite side

lic

149, ---

CuJt-x

(MeIarmconion)

educator

I)pur

&

Knnb,

1906. Xaleg~nitalia.

Original.

of fork mesially a long protuberance which is curved. Ninth tergite with the lobes
inclined towards the center and with short,, slender pilosity inserted on distinct
tubercles.
Pupa - (fig. 450). Tube as in the figure. Hair A developed and in a tuft on
segments VI to VIII.
B nearly as long as segment in IV to VI, single. Paddle two
and a half times the length of segment VIII, wit,h two spinules at apex.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - (fig. 451). Head transverse, bulging on the sides ;
antennae long, a tuft at outer third, the part beyond slender, basal part spined ;
head hairs single, anteantennal tuft mulGple.

450.

451

Irig.

450.

C&X
(Melanoconion)
abdominal
segments,

Fig.

d51.

LitlTll.

Head

and

educator
dorsal.
terminal

Dyar

abdominal

&

Knab.

1906.

segments.

Pupa.

Tube6

an11

Original.

Body spiculose. Lateral comb of segment VIII formed by three rows of scaleb.
Siphon four times as broad as wide, the pecten beyond basal t,hird followed by
six multiple tufts, the first within the pecten. _4nal segment broader than long.
spiculose on posterior margin ; dorsal hairs (1 + 2).
Type locality - Costa Rica.
Type in U. 8. N. M.
Distribution -Costa
Rica : Panama
: Colombia : Venezuela
: Guiana? :
Rrasil,
Amazon Valley.

Culex
1927

C&es

Root,

1928

Dyw,

Mos.

1950

Rozeboom

Am.
Am

(Melanoconion)
J. Hyg.,

andricus

Root, 1927.

7 : 592.

330.

& Komp.

An.

Ent.

Sot.

Am.,

43

87.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

Male - Proboscis as long as fore femur. Palpus dark, surpassing proboscis
by the length of the last and half the penultimate segments which are slightly
thickened.
Antenna strongly plumose. Occiput with white scales having dark
reflexes.

CULES

Thorax : Mesonotum with dark brown integument and dark brown scales.
Legs blackish, femora white ventrally.
Abdomen dark with basolateral white spots.
Genitalia : (fig. 452). Basistyle with two divergent arms on columnar process, setae a and b deformed and hooked at apex, a inserted more basally than b :
upper division with a hooked seta and a short pointed one followed by a foliaceous
seta and three appressed foliaceous setae. Dististyle attenuated in the middle,
capitate at apex, serrate on upper margin, a spicule below. Claw expanded and
subterminal.
Mesosome with an arm on each side, one of them curved. Ninth tergite with the lobes subtriangular, setose on upper margin, the setae moderate and
inserted on separate tubercles.
Type locality- Brad,
State of Minas Gerais, Lassance. Type in U. 8. X. M.
Distribution Brasil,
State of Minas Gerais.

433.

452.
Fig.

452.

Culex

Fig.

453.

Culex

1920

Culex

Dyar,

Ins.

Ins.

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

Am.,

332.

1950

Rozeboom

(Melanoconion
(Melanoconion)

Culex

? syn.

1948

Root,

andricus

Dyar.

idottus

(Melanoconion)

& Komp,

Culex

Mens.,
An.

Ent.

(Melanoconion)

77

Sot.

Male

genitalia.

Original.

1920.

Male

genitalia.

Original.

idottus
1923 Bonne-Wepster

Am.,

terepaima

192 7,

43

Anduze,

Dyar,

1920.

& Bonne,

id.,

11

126.

91.
Bol.

Ent.

Ven.,

65.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

Male - Proboscis one fifth longer than fore femur, blackish. Palpus surpassing proboscis by the last two segments, blackish. Antenna as long as proboscis
and moderately plumose. Occiput blackish scaled, white in some reflections.
Thorax : Mesonotum dark brown, covered with bronzy scales ; acrostichal
and dorsocentral setae as well as others very long, the acrostichals only an anterior
pair.
Legs dark, femora white ventrally.
Abdomen (damaged).
Genitalia : (fig. 453). Basistyle with columnar process pilose at base, seta a
inserted before b both deformed and hooked at apex ; upper division a hooked
(sometimes foliaceous) seta and a short pointed one at farthest point, seta c hooked,
followed by a short pointed seta, then four setae which are foliaceous and three
of them appressed, then the seta above referred to. Dististyle constricted strongly

1~ E

471

after the middle, slightly capitate at apex and serrate on upper margin, two spicules
below. Claw subterminal and expanded. Mesosome with a point on each side,
one of them strongly curved. Ninth tergite with the lobes subtriangular, as high
as broad, and with many short setae.
Type locality Suriuam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Surinam:
Brad,
State of Amazonas.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

iolambdis

Dyar,

1918.

1918 Culez Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 : 106 ; 1920 Dyar, id., 8 : 75 ; 1922 Dyar, id., 10 : 96
Dyar, Id., 11 : 69 ; 179 ; 1925 Dyar, id., 15 : 175.
1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 329.
1950 Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 92.
syn. 1945 Culex equinoxialis Floch & Abonnenc, Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Inini, 114 : 3.

1923

Female Dyar (1928) : Proboscis moderate, slightly swollen at tip,

black. Occiput with flat black scales that take a white reflection, white ones on
the sides. Mesonotum dark brown with narrow curved bronzy brown scales ;
pleurae dark brown. Abdomen black, with basal segmental lateral whitish spots ;
venter with the segments pale at base, black outwardly.
Legs black with bronzy
luster, the femora whitish beneath. Wing-scales narrow, only narrowly ovate
outwardly on second to fourth veins.

Pig. 454. -

Culex

(Melanoconion)

iolambdis

Dyar,

1918.

Xale

genitalia.

Original.

472
-_

-__

_~~_

__-

--

--_--

iWuZe - Proboscis blackish and longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than
proboscis by nearly the last two segments. Antenna moderately plumose and about
as long as palpus. Abdomen with white bands on tergites, the rest dark.
Genitalia : (fig. 454). Basistyle with the arms of columnar process divergent,
setae a and b deformed and hooked at apex, a inserted quite before b ; upper division
a hooked seta and a shorter pointed one, followed by a leaf and three appressed
foliaceous setae, a slender seta at base. Dististyle attenuated after middle, capitate
at apex, serrate on upper margin, with two spicules. Jlesosome with a point on
each side, one of them curved, on apical margin with three teeth at apex. Ninth
tergite with the lobes somewhat remote, rounded, with moderate setae.
Pupa - Described by Pratt and Seabrook (see fig. 455 A.).
Larva - (fig. 455 B.). Head with the setae as in figure, a little broader than
long. Antenna with the tuft at out,er third, darkened beyond it, ending in three
long and one short setae.

B.
Fig.
Fig.

455.
455.

iI.

B.

Culex

- Larva.
54 (1):

(Melanoconion)

(Based
28).

iolambdis

on

Pratt

Dyar,

8~ Scabrook,

1918.
1952,

Pupa.
Proc.

Ent.

Sor.

Wash.,

Body spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1. ? - 1 - 1.1.2. - 2. Lateral

comb of segment VIII with three rows of scales. Siphon slightly more than five
times broadest width, the pecten beyond basal third, six multiple tufts, the basal
tuft within the pecten. Anal segment ringed by the plate, higher than broad ;
dorsal tuft (2 + 1).
Type locality - Panama,
Canal Zone. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Panama : Colombia.

473

CULEX

--_

Culex
1901

Culex

1904

Bourroul,

Mon.

Cul.,

Amos. Brazil,

1915 Howard,
1918

(Melanoconion)

Theobsld,
Dyar

&

Dyar,

Ins.

Ins.

1922 Root,

Am.

J.

Mens.,
Hyg.,

Bonne
Dyar,

& Bonne-Wepster,

1944

Roth

1945

Wirth,

Theobald,

id.,

1901.

238.

103

1921 Dyar

388.
& Ludlow,

id.,

47.

Mos.

1950

Rozeboom

& Kemp,

syn.

1909

Culex

faZsi,ficutor

1915

C. falsificutor

Howard,

1946

Cztlex advieri

Floch

Sm.,

268.

338.

& Young,
Proc.

1904

2 : 400.

1928

Am.,

Theobald,

atratus

55

____ ___.

38.

Knab, Mon.,

1925

Mos.

-____.

An.

Ent.

Ent.

Sot.

Sot.

Wash.,

An.

Ent.

Dyar

Am.,
47
Sot.

84.

202.
Am.,

& Knab,
Dyar

37

& Gab,

& Abonnenc.

43

Smiths.
Ar.

87.
Misc.

Mon.,
Ins.

Cools. Quar.
3

Iss.,

52

185.

257.

425.

Pasteur

Alghrie,

16

Femde - Proboscis as long as fore femur, blackish. Palpus blackish, twice

the length of clypeus. Antenna with light brown torus, flagellum one fifth longer
than proboscis. Occiput with blackish forked scales, some broad yellowish ones
in the middle and white ones on mentum.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with setae only. Mesonotum with brown integument and coppery scales. Scutellum with coppery scales. Pleura dark brown
with whit,ish areas ; sternopleura nude except for the row of slender sternopleural
setae ; mesepimeron with a single lower seta.
Legs dark, femora white ventrally as well as tibio tarsal joints.
Abdomen blackish with basolateral white marks which tend to advance
to the middle.
Male - Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur. Palpus exceeding length
of proboscis by half the penultimate and the last joint. Antenna quite plumose,
shorter than proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 456). Basistyle with columnar process reduced, seta a weak,
b stout, blunt at apex, three small leaves below columnar process and two above it ;
upper division a hooked seta, a large leaf, two short pointed setae and above them
a small spatulate leaf. Dististyle gradually attenuated to apex, with itwo spicules.

457.
Fig.

456.

Culex

Fig.

457.

Larva.

456.
(Melanoconion)
Head

and

stratus
terminal

Theobald,
abdominal

1901.
segments.

Male

genitalia.
Original.

Original.

474

Claw subterminal, expanded. Mesosome formed by a single elongate structure

which is pointed at apex and notched near the middle. Ninth tergite longer t,han
broad, subtriangular, with moderate hairs internally.
Pupa - Tube slender, long, darker before base all around.
Larva - (fig. 457). Head broader than long, hairs as in figure. Antenna with
the tuft at outer third, with three long and one short setae at apex.
1.1.3 - 2. Lateral
Body spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.4 - 2 comb of segment VIII forming a patch of scales three rows deep. Siphon nine times
broadest width, the pecten nearly reaching basal half, followed by five short tufts.
Anal segment ringed by the plate which is longer than wide and spiculose posteriorly ; dorsal hairs (1 + 4).
Type locality - Jamaica.
Type in B. M.
Distribution U. S. A., Florida : Porto
Rico : Panama
: Cuba : Jamaica

row.

Guianas

Virgin

Islands

Trinidad.

Note - The secondary small leaves on basistyle vary from one or tnro to a
This form is very close to commevynensis.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

bequaerti

Dyar & Shannon, 1925.

192.5
Culm

Dyar & Shannon,J. Wash. AC. Sci., 15 : 40.

1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 298.
1950 Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 88.

Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip, black. Occiput with flat black scales, a small patch of white ones on the side below. Mesonotum dark brown, with narrow, curved, bronzy brown scales ; pleurae and coxae
luteous brown. Abdomen black, the segment)s with small white basal lateral spots ;
venter with the segments whitish at base, black apically, posterior segments
projecting ventrally.
Legs black with bronzy reflection, femora pale beneath.
1Ving scales rather narrowly ovate, the basal ones linear.
Male - Palpus exceeding proboscis by nearly the last two segments which
are acuminate and setose. Antenna moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 458). Basistyle with columnar process elongate, seta a at
same level as b, crooked, both hooked at apex ; hooked seta c absent, the pointed

458.

549.

Fig. 458. -

Male
bequaerti
Dyar & Shannon, 1925.
Culex (Melanoeonion)
Upper lobe of bnsistyle, dististyle. mesosome and ninth tergite.

genitalia.

Fig. 459. -

Culex
(Melanoconion)
brevicolus
Senevet & Abonnenc, 1939.
Male genitalia.
(Both based
Upper lobe of basistyle, dististyle, mesosome and ninth tergite.
on Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 (1) : figs. 12 and 13).

CULES

475

element absent also ; three foliaceous setae and a leaf are present on the upper division. Dististyle attenuated in the middle, capitate at apex, serrate on upper margin.
Claw not seen. Mesosome forked at apex and with a curved point on one side.
Ninth tergite triangular, the lobes remote, the hairs longer t)han [lobes, slender
and abundant.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Amazonas, rio Branco. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Brasil,
State of Amazonas.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

brevicolus

Senevet & Abonnenc, 1939.

1939 Culex Senevet & Abonnenc, Ar. Ins. Pasteur Alghie,

1950 Rozeboom t Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 88.

17:

110.

Female, pupa and larva - Unknown.

Male - Senevet & Abonnenc (1939) : - T&e brune, portant en arri&e des
Bcailles sombres, en vis, dressees ; sur les cBt&, le long du bord des yeux, des bcailles
blanch&tres aplaties ; plus en arrikre, des bcailles sombres. Trompe longue, dilatee
$ lextrbmith ; des &ailles aplaties, un peu h&is&es, vers le bout. Antennes grisbtres, poils brun gris$tres.
Thorax brun portant de courtes bcailles brun or et de tr&s longues soies brun$tres sur trois rangees. Pleures et coxites jaun$tres.
Pattes : femurs dilat& dans leur partie moyenne, couverts dkcailles brunes
& leur extreme base et en dessous. Tarses non annel8s.
Genitalia : (fig. 459). Characters from Senevet & Abonnenc (1939) : - Basistyle with a supernumerary straight seta below columnar process ; seta a inserted
below b, both of them thick and pointed ; upper division with a hooked seta followed by a leaf a pointed seta and three appressed foliaceous setae. Dististyle attenuated in the middle, capitate at apex, serrate on upper margin, with two spicules.
Claw subterminal, expanded. Mesosome with a lateral curved point, a protuberance
at apex and irregular on one margin. Ninth tergite with lobes separated, mound
shaped, low with long setae on upper margin.
Type locality - French
Guiana,
Saut Tigre. Type in Lab. Par. Fat. Med.
of Alg&ie.
Distribution - French
Guiana.

Culex
1906
1915
1918
1927
1928
1950

(Melanoconion)

carcinophilus

Dyar & Knab, 1906.

Culex Dyar & Knab, J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 14 : 220.

Howard, Dyar $ Knab, Mon., 3 : 412.
Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 : 105 ; 1920 Dya?r, id.. 8 : 69.
Root, Am. J. Hyg., 7 : 464.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 319.
Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 88.

Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip, black. Occiput with flat black scales that take a white reflection, especially along the eyemargin. Mesonotum brown, with narrow, curved, bronzy brown scales ; pleurae
rather pale. Abdomen black with bronzy reflection ; sides with basal segmental
white spots ; venter sordid white, the segments apically only slightly blackish
shaded. Legs black, the femora whitish below ; tibiae with small apical white
spot inwardly.
Wing-scales, the outstanding ones linear, the appressed ones ovate
even basally, outwardly rather broadly ovate on second to fourth veins.
Male - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark. Palpus longer than proboscis
by little more than the last segment. Antenna moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 460). Basistyle with columnar process having the arms divergent, seta a at the same level as b, both of them distorted and hooked at apex ;
upper division with a hooked seta and a pointed one followed by a leaf and two

476

CULEX

-___-p____

- -

foliaceous setae and a larger leaf at apex. Dististyle attenuated in the middle,
capitate at apex where there is a protuberance before the serration, bearing a long
seta. Mesosome with a point on one side, serrate on upper margin. Ninth tergites
with the lobes separated, higher than broad, inclined inwards and with many
moderate retrose setae from distinct tubercles.

461.

460.
Fig.

460.

Culex
(Mdanoconion)
Original.

Fig.

461.

Pupa.

Tulw

and

carcinophilus

abdominal

Dyar

sr.gments.

&

dorsal.

Knab,

1906.

Male

genitalia.

Original.

Pupa - (fig. 461). Tube as in figure. Hair B on segments III-V as long as

segment, simple, in VI a little shorter than segment and double on VII where it
is half as long as segment and simple. Hair A double in VII and half as long as
segment. Paddle three times the length of segment VIII, two small spicules at apex.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - (fig. 462). Head transverse, bulging at the sides ;
antennae long, rather slender_,a tuft at outer third, the part beyond more slender,
basal part spined ; head-hairs, upper tuft large, six-haired, lower single, long ;
anteantennal tuft multiple. Lateral comb of the eight segment of many spines in a
large triangular patch, the basal ones smaller. Siphon nine times as long as wide,
the pecten on basal fourth followed by five small tufts. Anal segment ringed by the
plate, as broad as long ; dorsal hairs (1 + 2).
Type ZocaZityS. Domingo.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distributim S. Domingo:
Haiti:
Guatemala.

477

CULES

Fig. 462. -

Culcx (Melanoconion)
earcinophilus
Dyar L Knab, 1906.
from Dyar, 1928, Mos. Am., terminal segments original).

Culex

,(Melanoconion)

coren tynensis

Larva.

(Head

Dyar , 1920.

1920 Culez Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 8 : 65.

1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 315.
1950 Rozehoom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 89.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

Male - Proboscis as long as fore femur, blackish. Palpus longer than proboscis by the last two segments, dark. Antenna moderately plumose. Occiput
with blackish scales having a white sheen.
Thorax : Mesonobum brown with bronzy scales ; setae long and developed.
Pleura dark brown.
Legs dark, femora white ventrally.
-4bdomen blackish.
Genitalia : (fig. 463). Rasistyle wit#h columnar process bearing two divergent
arms, seta n hooked at apex, b blunt ; upper division with a hooked seta and a
point,ed one, followed by a foliaceous seta, t.hree appressed foliaceous setae and,
inserted more basally, an expanded, striate leaf and a slender pointed seta. Dististyle strongly constricted beyond the middle, capitate at apex, slightly serrate
and with two spicules. Claw subterminal, expanded. Mesosome with a point on
each side the upper margin with two points on one side. Ninth tergite with the
lobes separated, subtriangular and with short, sparse setae.
Type ZoccditySurinam.
Type in U. S. ?;. M.
Distribution Surinam.

Culex

(3Ielanoconion)

1928 Culex (n. nom.!, Dyar, Mos. Am., 297.

1935 Kemp, Iroc. Ent. Sot. Rauh., 37 : 4.

inadmirabilis

Dyar,

1928.

CU

478

1950

Rozeboom

syn.

1921

& Kemp,

C&r

An.

indecmabilis

IA E

Ent.

Sot.

Am.,

Dyar,

(net

Theobald),

43 : 91.
Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

156.

Female, pupa ancl larva Unknown.

Male - Proboscis a little longer than fore femur, blackish. PalpusIlonger
than proboscis by last and half the penultimate segments, blackish. Occiput with
blackish scales having a white sheen.
Thorax with blackish integument.
Mesonotum with bronzy scales.
Leas dark. femora white ventrallv.
abdomen (missing).

463.
Fig.

463.

Fig.

464.

Culex
Culex

Rozeboom

Komp,

&

464.
1920.

.
Male

Dyar,
1928.
Ant.
Ent.
Sot.

inadmirabilis

(Melanoconion)

based on
and 40).

Dyar,

corentynensis

(Melanoconion)

1950,

genitalia.

Male
Am.,

genitalia.
43
(1)

(Both
figs.
23

Genitalia : (fig. 464). Basistyle with columnar process elongate, seta a

inserted quite beyond b, both hooked at apex ; upper division with a hooked seta
and a straight one followed by four foliaceous setae and an expanded leaf inserted
below and near a slender seta. Dististyle attenuated in the middle, capitate at apex,
with two spicules. Mesosome forked at apex, with a point, constricted after the
point. ninth tergite broader than long, with a few sparse moderate setae.
Type Locality - Bras& State of S. Paulo. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Brasil,
State of S. Paulo.

Culex
Culex

Dyar,

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

1950

Rozeboom

& Komp,

syn.

1920

toaimusDyar,

Culex

Ins.
Am.,

maxinocca

(Melanoconion

1920

Ins.

&lens.,

Dyar,

1920.

71.

323.
An.

Ent.

Sot.

Am.,

Ins. Ins. Mens.,

43 : 92.
8

71

1923 Bonne-Wepster

& Bonne,

id., 11

123

Female Unknown.
ilfale
Proboscis one fifth longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus dark, longer
fhan proboscis by nearly the length of the last two segments. Antenna moderately
plumose and as long as proboscis. Occiput with narrow blackish scales with bronzy
reflection.

179

CULEX

Thorax with blackish int,egument. Pronotal lobe with dark setae. Mesonoturn with dark bronzy scales and long setae. Pleura with black marks, one long
lower mesepimeral.
Legs dark, femora white ventrally.
Abdomen with dark tergites and basal white bands.
Genitalia : ffig. 465). Basistyle with columnar process bearing two divergent
arms, setae a and b long and hooked at apex ; upper division with a hooked seta
and a short pointed one followed by a foliaceous seta and three appressed foliaceous
setae also at base a slender, pointed seta. Dististyle constricted in the middle,
capitate at apex where there are two prot,uberances and slight serration, two spicules below. Claw subterminal, expanded. Mesosome forked ar; apex in two points,
another point on one margin. Ninth tergite with the lobes separated, elongate
and with sparse, moderate setae directed upwards.

Fig.

463.

Culex
(Melanoeonion)
Rozeboom
& Komp,

maxino&
1950,
An.

Dyar,
1920.
Ent.
Sot. Am.,

i\lale
genitalia.
43:
fig. 51).

(Based

OII

Pupa - (fig. 466). Hair 33 of segment IV two t,hirds the length of segment
and triple. Tuft A of segment VIII one third the length of segment. Paddle two
and a half times the length of segment VIII,
the spicule small.

---.I-

Fig.

466.

Culex
{Melanoconion)
maxinocc;
and tube,
dorsal.
Original.

Dyar,

1920.

Pupa.

Abdominal

segments

Larua (fig. 467). Head slightly broader than long, darker near antenna
and at base, the hairs as in figure. Antenna darkened, the tuft on outer third,
part beyond tuft not darkened and ending in three long and one short setae.
Body finely spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.4 2 1.1.3 2.
Lateral comb of segment VIII in a pat,ch of scales three rows deep. Siphon nearly
ten times as broad as long, the pecten on basal third followed by three short tufts.
_&nal segment ringed by the plate, slightly longer than wide ; dorsal tuft (1 + 3) ;
lateral tuft of two short hairs.
Fype ZocaZibySurinam.
Type in U. S. S. M.
LGstribution Surinam.

Pig.

467.

Culex

Culex

(Mrlanoconion)

(Melanoconion)

1907

Dan&ha Theobald,

1908

Peryassfi,

OS Cul.

Dyar,

Mon.

Cul.,

Brazil,

176.

1928

Culez

1936

Komp,

1950

Rozeboom

syn.

1924

Culex

1927

C. clarki

Root,

Am.

1928

C. clarki

Dyar,

Mos.

1939

Culez

Proc.

Mos.

Am.,

333.

Ent.

Sot.

Wash.,

& Komp,

nigrescens

Larva.

Original.

(Theobald, 1907).

37 : 5.

Ent.

Sot.

clarki Evans,

An.

Trop.

J. Hyg.,
Am.,

Senevet

1920.

: 248.

An.

implicates

Dyar,

maxinucca

Am.,

43

Med.
7

: 93.

& Par.,

18 : 365.

587.

297.
$ Abonnerc,

Ar.

Ins.

Pasteur

AlgCrie,

17 : 99.

Female, pupa und larva -- Unknown.

Male - Proboscis one fourth longer than fore femur, blackish. Palpus surpassing proboscis by half the penultimate and the last joint. Antenna shorter than
proboscis. Occiput with sparse narrow forked scales, dense white ones which are
appressed and show coppery sheen in some lights.

451

CULEX

Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown.

Mesonotum blackish, with coppery
scales, lighter ones on prescutellar margin. Pleura blackish, sternopleura and mesepimeron whitish, a row of sternopleurals and a single lower mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark, femora white ventrallv also hind tibia apically.
Abdomen dark, with basolateral white spots.
Genitalia : (fig. 468). Basistyle two and a half times as broad as long ; columnar process with two long, distorted setae, very close together, a shorter ; upper
division with two foliaceous setae, very close together, then four foliaceous setae
and a broad leaf, then a seta. Dististyle attenuated in the middle, capitate at apex.
Claw subterminal and expanded. Mesosome with two points at apex, curved basally. Xnth tergite subquadrate, with an inner protuberance, sparsely setose.
Type locality - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, S. Amaro. Type in B. M.
D&ribution - Brasil,
States of Amazonas, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo :
Venezuela.

Note - Further study has shown us that C. clarki appears to be a synonym

of this species and not a distinct species as we had previously surmised.

Fig.

468.

Culex
hand

1920

Culex Dyar,

1950

Rozeboom

Culex
Ins.

(Melanoconion)
sketch,
original.

nigrescens

(Melanoconion)
Ins.

& Komp,

Mew.,
An.

Ent.

(Theobald,

psatharus

173 ; 1923 Dyar,

Sot.

Am.,

1907).

43 : 95.

id.,

11

Male

genitalia.

Dyar, 1920.
; 1925 Dyar, Nos.

178

Free

Am.,

296.

l+enmle - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip, black. Occiput with flat black scales. Mesonotum very dark brown with blackish scales, the
pleurae dark brown. Abdomen black, unmarked or with slight pale lateral spots
and ventral hasal segmental bands. Legs black, the femora brown below. Wingsc~~l~tilincnr, those on second to fourth veins out,wardly ligulatc, blunt.
.lTaie - Proboscis a little longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus longer than
proboscis by nearly the last two segments, blackish. Antenna moderately plumosc
and :t$ long as proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 469). Basistyle with elongate columnar process, rugose at
apex, the setae a and b from a common base, a shorter than b, both hooked at apex ;
upper divrsion a hooked seta and a short pointed one followed by a foliaceous seta :
~:cpa~~~tcllythree appressed foliaceous setae. Mesosome forked at apex, with a
point on one side. Ninth tergitc with the lobes separated, rounded, broader than
long, with long sparse setac.

469.

Fig. 469. -

Culex (Melanoconinon)
psatharus
T)yar, 1920.
Slale genitalia.
Rozehoom & Kemp. 1950, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 4:s: fig. 69).

Fig.

Pupa.

470. -

Tube and nhdominal segments, dorsal.

Original.

(Bawd

on

Pu~u. - (fig. 470). Tube short, flared at apex with a black ring before basal.
Hair B nearly as long as segment, in V and VI, double ; hair A short and multiple
in segments VII and VIII.
Lan,n - (fig. 471). Head blackish, broader than long, upper hairs simple.
Antenna short the tuft on distal third, apically three long hairs and a short one.
Prothoracic hair formula l.l.? ? - 1.1.2 - 2. Body nude. Siphon with
a black ring in the middle, more than six times as long as basal width ; pecten
on basal third followed by seven multiple and long tufts. Anal segment ringed by
the plate which is darker dorsally ; dorsal seta (2 + 1).
/y
pe Zocalit~y- Panama.
Type in U. S. 5. I\I.
Distribution - Panama.

Cules
1928

Culex

1950

Rozeboom

Root

(in

(Melanoconion)

Dyar),

& Kemp,

Mos.
An.

,4m.,

Ent.

Sot.

unicornis

Root, 1928,

291.
Am.,

43

97.

Femde - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis about as long as abdomen, slender,

slightly larger at tip, black. Occiput, wibh broad, flat white scales and slender erect
forked black scales. Mesonotum dark red-brown. Pleurae dark brown. Abdomen
black with green and bronzy reflections, large basolateral white spots on all segments, becoming more prominent posteriorly. Legs black, with bronzy reflections,
femora whitish below. Wings dark brown-scaled, outstanting scales narrow obovate to ligulate.
Male - Proboscis longer than fore femur, slender, blackish. Palpus longer
than proboscis by t#helast two segments, dark. Antenna as long as proboscis, modcrately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 472). Basistyle with short columnar process, seta a deformed
and hooked at apex, b as long as n and spatulate at apex ; columnar process with

484

1~ E

a long seta deformed at apex, on a separate lobe a spatulate foliaceous seta, a hooked
seta and a short pointed one and a longer seta blunt at apex, beyond them three
foliaceous appressed setae. Dististyle att#enuated in the middle, strongly capitate
at apex, serrate on upper margin and with two spicules. Claw short and terminal.
Ninth tergite with the lpbes fused, spiculose and with sparse short setae, on each
side a long finger shaped protuberance bearing internally a long seta.
Pupa - Unknown.

Fig.

472.

Culex
(Melanoconion)
Rozeboom
& Komp,

unicornis
Root,
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot.

1928.
Am.,

Male
genitalia.
43:
fig. 87, except

(Based
on
mesosome).

Larva - Root (1928) : - Head wider t,han long. Antennae stout on basal
three fifths, slender on apical two fifths, a large tuft at three-fifths length, two
long and two shorter setae at tip. Head-hairs fairly long, single. Hair near base
of antenna a tuft of five or six. Lateral comb of eighth segment a curved row of
six to eleven slender, curved scales without secondary points. Air-tube about
four times as long as wide, tapering slightly toward tip. Eight pairs of ventral
tufts in a straight line, bass1 tuft longest, others decreasing in length regularly
toward tip, each of about five hairs. Pecten c:cupying basal third of air-tube, of
about eight straight slender spines, densely c::ate below. Anal segment longer
than wide, completely ringed by the plate. Dors:,:i hairs very long, outer pair single,
inner pair with one long and one short branch. Lateral hair short, two-branched.
Ventral brush small and short. Lateral hairs of segments 4 to 6 in twos.
Type locality - Venezuela,
hlaracay.
Type in U. S. N. RI.
Distribution Venezuela.

Culex
1948

Culex

Anduze,

(Melanoconion)
Rol.

Ent.

Ven.,

1~

485

venezuelensis

Anduze, 1948.

64.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

Jlale Unknown except for genitalia.
Genitalia : Anduze (1948) : - (fig. 474). Clasper corto, grueso, angular,
adelgazado en la cabeza con apendice linguiforme pequefio. Cresta espesa. Pieza
lateral muy globular con revestimento de cerdas muy largas particularmente
una
gran agrupacion de estas en el bordc externo prosima a la base de1 clasper. Division
externa de1 ldbulo prominente teniendo en cl Spice una fuerte y gruesa espina
sinuosa, doa filamentos delgados y otro mas largo con apendice curve. En la base
de la columna hay una protuberancia que culmina en un apendice foliforme. La
division interna de1 ldbulo diverge ampliamente de la division externa, tiene forma
de columna prominente con apenas una bifurcacidn apical de cuyos brazos nacen
dos fuertes y gruesas espinas de puntas curvas. Ldbulos dc la novena tergita oval
largas.
alargados con abundantes tub6rculos setiferos, las cerdas relativamente
Placa de1 mesosome con spice bifurcado, 10s brazos puntiagudos divergentes, un
borde sinuoso con protuberancia mediana, el opuesto convex0 y liso.
Tupe
Edo. Alonagas, Caripito.
Type in Anduze col.
*,. Zocalitu - Venezuela,
Distributionv - Venezuela.

Fig.

474.

Culex
1946

Culex

Culex
(Melanoconion)
on Anduze.
1948,
Rol.

(IkIelanoconion)
Floch

& Abonnenc,

Ins.

vcnezuelensis
Anduze,
193.
Ent.
Venezolana,
7: 64, figs.

rorotaensis
Pasteur

Guyane

?yIale genitalia.
10, 11, 12).

(Based

Floch & Abonnenc, 194G.

Inini,
120 : 3.

et Ter.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

Male - Floch & Abonenc (1946) : - T&e couverte decailles dressfes, en
vis, de couleur noire, entrem&es dccailles blanches appliquees, plus nombreuses

496

IT

T, E

au bord des yeus ou sinserc une rang& de longues soies brunes assez cspac&s les
unes des autres, Palpes plus longs que la trompe, coudk au niveau de lavant-derniel
article. Les deux derniers articles prbsentent sur la face inf&ieure de fortes et longues soies. Trompe droite peu 6largie B 16xtkmite.
Les palpes et la trompe sont
couverts dkcailles brun sombre. -4ntennes plumeuse plus courtes que la trompe.
Thorax : Mesonotum brun sombre couvert dkailles piliformes B reflets bronzes et portant, de longues et fortes soies qui sont plus denses sur la partie post&
ricure. Scutcllum trilobk awe un groupe de fortes soies sur chacun des lobes.
wuvertes dkailles
dc couleur brun somhrc sauf
Pattes : Uniform6ment
audcssous.
A4bdomen : Aver des Bcailles appliquks brun fonc6. Chacun des segments
2 6 5 pork B sa base, dorsalement ct) ventralement, une 6troite bande dkailles
de
couleur blanche. Lapex dc chaque tergite et la surfaw de chaquc sternit(> sent
couverts de fortes soies.
Genitalia : (fig. 475). Basistyle with columnar process divided, seta a longer
than b and hooked at apex, b stouter and pointed at apex ; upper division with the
hooked seta inflated, followed by a stout pointed seta then two st,out pointed setac
followed by t$hree foliaceous setae and a narrow leaf, a slender seta at base. Dististpkh attt~nuatcd in the middle capitatc at apex, with two spiculcs. Claw espandcd

::G.

ArtlIe genitalia.

and subterminal.
Mesosome apically forked with a lat.eral point. Ninth tcrgitcs
with the lobes removed, subtriangular and sparsely covered with moderate setac.
Typo locality - French
Guiana.
Rorota. Type in Institut Pasteur Guyana.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

1936 Culer Kornp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 29

amitis

Komp,

1936.

333 ; 1950 Rozeboom & Kemp, ihd., 43

87.

Female, pupa anti larva Unknown.

Xale - Komp (1936) : - A small dark brown C&x, the palpi c~\c*t~Arlg
the proboscis by almost t.he length of the last two segments.
Genitalia : (fig. 476). Basistyle with columnar process having two divergent
arms : seta a inserted more basally than b, both deformed and hooked at apex ;
upper division with a hooked seta and a slender, pointed one followed by a short
leaf, then four appressed setae. Dististyle capitate at apes, serrate on its upper
margin, with two spicules. Claw subterminal and expanded. Mesosome with two
lateral points, notched at base, an upper broad structure which is serralc on its
distal margin. Ninth tergite as broad as long, an internal protubtranccl, xvith
sparse short setae.
Type locaktyy - Venezuela.
Typc~ in I!. S. S. 1\I.
Distrihtion
Venezuela.

488

CULEX

Culex
1916

Culex

Brethk,

1921

Dyar,

Ins.

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

syn.

1927

Culex

(Melanoconion)
An.

Ins.
Am.,

Mus.

Mens.,

Nat.
9 :

H.

intrincatus

B. A.,

214.

586,

590

28

Brethk,

1916.

149.

315.

cenus Root,

Am.

J. Hyg.,

Female, pupa and larva - Unknown.

Male - Dyar, (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip, black. Palpi
exceeding it by the length of the last joint and half the preceeding one, black. Occiput with an area of narrow, curved, yellowish scales on the vertex, flat whitish
ones on the sides. Mesonotum very dark brown, with brown, narrow, curved
scales ; pleurae dull brown. (Abdomen missing). Legs black with bronxy reflection,
the femora whitish below. Wing scales linear, becoming rather broadly ovat,e
outwardly on second to fourth veins.
Genitalia : (fig. 477). Basistyle with setae a and b divergent, distorted and
hooked at apex ; upper division with a hooked seta and a short straight one, another hooked seta, two foliaceous ones and, in the middle, a broad leaf. Dististyle

Fig.

477.

Culcx
(Melanoconion)
Roxeboom
& Komp,

intrincatus
Brethbs.
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot.

Male
3916.
43:
fig.
Am.,

genitalia.
43).

(Based

on

capitate at apex with two spicules. Claw short, expanded. Mesosome with three
points, an upper one and one at each side. Ninth tergite rounded with short setae
inserted in dist,inct tubercles.

489

CULES

Type locality - Argentina.

Distribution - Argentina

Culex
1936

Cules

1950

Rozeboom

Type in I. B. B. ,4. ?
State of Rio de Janeiro.

Brasil,

(Melanoconion)

Komp,

An.

Ent.

& Komp,

Sot.
An.

quadrifoliatus

Am.,

Ent.

29

Sot.

Komp,

4
1936.

322.

Am.,

43

110.

Female, pupa and larva Unknown.

Male - Komp (1936) : - A small brown unmarked Culex, the palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last two segments.
Genitalia : (fig. 478). Basistyle with set,ae a and b divergent, deformed and
hooked at apex ; upper division with a hooked seta and a long, straight one followed
by four foliaceous setae. Dististyle capitate at apex, with hairs dorsally and two
spicules. Claw small and expanded. Mesosome with two lateral arms, upper portion pointed on one side, one of the lower margins notched basally. Ninth tergite
longer than broad, with sparse, straight, short setae.
Type locality - Panama,
Canal Zone. Type in U. S. IL. ?II.
Distribution Panama.

Fig

478.

Culex
(Melanoconion)
on Rozeboom
& Komp,

1924

Culex

Dyar,

Culex

syn.

Ins.

quadrifoliatus
Komp,
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot.

(Melanoconion)
Ins.

Mens.,

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

Am.,

1924

Culex

Zigator Dyar,

11

123

1936.
Male
Am.,
43
fig.

sursumptor

1924 Dyar,

id.,

12

Dyar,

182

genitalia.
72).

(Based

1924.

1925 Dyar,

id.,

13

22

329.
Ins.

Ins.

Mens.,

12

183.

Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, slightly swollen at tip, black.

Occiput with flat, pale scales along the front margin and sides, a large area of
narrow, curved, yellowish ones mixed with black forked scales behind. Mesonotum
dark brown with narrow, curved, dark brown scales ; pleurae brown, with black
marks in the incisures. Abdomen black, the segments with basal white bands ;
venter with the segments black, only narrowly white at their bases. Legs black
with bronzy re[lection ; femora whitish below. Wing-scales narrow, ligulate only
out,wardly on second to fourth veins.

;Ilale - Coloration of the female. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by the length
of the last joint. Wing-scales rather outwardly.
Genitalia : (fig. 479). Basistyle with setae a and b divergent, deformed,
hooked ; upper division with a hooked and a straight seta followed by four foliaceous setae and a narrow leaf between them. Dististyle strongly capitate at apex,
hairy surface, with two spicules. Claw short and expanded. Mesosome with three
arms one at apex and one at each side. Ninth tergitc rounded, higher than broad,
with moderate sparse, straight setae.
Pupa Vnknown.

La ma - (fig. 480). Head broader than long, head hairs single or double, 7 in
a multiple tuft. Antenna with a tuft on distal third, the part beyond slender.
Body spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. - 1 - 1.22. Lateral comb
of segment VIII with many scales in several rows. Siphon narrow, six times as
broad as wide, the pecten on basal third followed by six multiple tufts. Anal
segment wider than broad, ringed by the plate. Dyar (1928) : - . . . ventral brush
posterior ; dorsal tuft a long hair and a long and a short hair on each side.
Type locality - Colombia,
Rarrrtnquilla.
Type in U. S. K. 11.
I%sfrib~tion - Colombia.

Culex

(Melanoconion)

1948

Cder Rozeboom

I!)50

Roeehoom

&

& Kemp,

Kornp,
An.

Rozeboom & Kemp,

hatesi
.J. Par.,

Ent

34:

sot. AIll.,

1943.

399.
43

100,

fg.

Il.

Pemalc - Rozchoom & Kemp (1948) : - A small mosquito with dark leg+
and wings, characterized by the presence of a group of small setae on the postnotum.
Head : Proboscis dark, less than one-sixth the length of the proboscis ; anicwr~awith torus and first flagellar segment brown, the rest of the flagellum darker,
with black whorl hairs. ~~c*ciput n-ith a dense clothing of broad, flat, black recumbent scales ; forked srales d~r!; : scalesalong eye margins dark ; a small patch
of white scales laterally.
Thorax : Prothoracic lobes dark brown, with an uneven row of black bristles.
Posterior pronotum with small, curved, dark brown scales along upper margin
and a few black bristles posteriorly. Scut urn and scutellum clothed with narro\v,
curved, dark brown scales ; bristles black : antcscutellar bare spaces pale, grccnish brown. Postnotum pale brown, a group of about 10 or less small dark setac>
before the distal margin. Pleurae pale* green or greenish-brown, a darker brea
behind the anterior spiracle and in the mesepimcron ; some pale scales and a row of
pxlc setae along postrrior margin of stcrnopleuron ; one lower mesepimeral bristk.
Fore cosae with dark scales on antero-lateral surface . pale scales on mid
and hind coxae. Hind femur somewhat paler below ; all other leg segments dark.
Scales of wing dark.
Abdomen : Tergites dark except for very small baso-lateral pale spots on
distal segments ; sternite greenish, with flat, transparent scales.
Male Coloration similar to that, of the female. Occiput with pale flat
rc>cumbent scales intermixed with the darker ones. Palpus escctcadingthe probos&
by a little more than the length of th(> terminal segment .

C U

492

Genitalia : (fig. 481). Basistyle wit)h setae a and b divergent, nearly straight,
hooked ; upper division with a hooked and a straight,, broad seta followed by a
foliaceous seta and three appressed foliaceous setae. Dististyle capitate at apex,
upper margin serrate, with two spicules. Claw short, apical, expanded. Mesosome
with upper margin forming four large teeth, an arm on each side. Ninth tergit,e
with rounded lobes, higher than broad, with sparse, moderate, straight setae.
Pupa Unknown.

Fig.

481.

Culex
(Based

on

Rozeboom
& Kemp,
1948.
1950,
An. Ent.
SOC. Am.,

batesi

(Melanoconion)

Rozeboom

& Komp,

43:

Xale
fig.

genitalia.
11).

Larvn - (fig. 482). Head broader than long, hairs simple or double, or triple,
7, 8 and 9 multiple. Antenna with the tuft at distal third, long multiple, attenuated
beyond tuft.
Body pilose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.m. (short) 1 1.3.3. Lateral
comb of segment VIII with t,he scales in three irregular rows. Siphon six times as
broad as wide, uniform, the pecten on basal third followed by six multiple tufts,
dorsally two short triple tufts. Anal segment ringed by the plate, nearly quadrate ;
dorsal hairs (1 + 2) ; lateral hairs small and triple ; ventral brush moderate.
Type locality - Colombia,
Villavicencio.
Type in U. S. N. ht.
Distribution - Colombia.
Culex
1906

(Melanoconion)

MochEost~/rax

Dyar

1915

Culex

Howard,

1928

Dyar

(pro

1937

King

& Bradley,

1950

Rozeboom

syn.

& Knab,

Dyar

parte),

An.

& Komp,

1905

Melanoconion

1907

Culex

N.

& Knab,

Mos.

Am.,
Ent.

An.

Dyar

(net

Culex

egberti Dyar

& Knab,

Culex

trachycumpa

Dyar

1917

CuEex perableptus

Dyar

1917

CuZex pose Dyar,

Ins.

Culex

moorei

Culex

dequstator

? 1921

Culex

(Melanoconion)

1922

Dyar,

CuZex borinqueni

Root,

& Knab,

1906).

Y.

13

224.

Theobald,

J.

N.

& Knab,
Ins.

Y.

Ins.

5
Ins.

homeopus

Dyar

1922

CuZex (Choeroporpa)

pose Dyar,

CuZex (Choeroporpu)

tovari

Evans,

Ins.

Sot.,
41

Mens.,

15

Ent.

Sot.,

202.

214.

101.
5

181.

108.

Ins.

Mens.,

& Ludlow,

2
Ins.

iln.

N.
15

182.

6 :

J. Hyg.,

J.

Sot.,

Ent.,

Ins.

Mens.,

1924

Ent.

Ent.

Ins.

Mens.,

1901),

Y.

Can.

8: Knab,
Am.

345.

43 : 91.

J. N.

& Knab,

Ins.

Dyar

14

382.

30
-4m.,

& Knab,

1907

1918

Sot.,

Am.,
Sot.

1909

1921

Ent.

Mon.,

Sot.

Dyar

Y.

299.

Ent.

stratus

Zeprincei

(Dyar

erraticus
J.

9 : 39.
Ins.

Ins.

Mene.,

400.
Mens.,

Trop.

Med.

10 : 93.
& Par.

18

367.

46.

26.

Fig.

482.

Culex
(Melanoeonion)
terminal
abdominal
34:
404,
figs.
18

batesi

segments.
and 20).

493

Rozeboom
(Based

&
on

Kemp,
1948.
Larva.
Head
Rozeboom
& Komp,
1948,
J.

and
Par.,

Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, slightly enlarged at tip, dark

brown. Occiput with a triangular area of narrow, curved, golden scales on vertex,
the sides with flat black scales, nearly meeting on the eye-margin ; some flat
white ones below. Mesonotal integument brown, with pale golden narrow scales,
bronzy or bright brassy, sometimes rather solid anteriorly except for two brown
spots, mostly brown-scaled behind with narrow brassy lines ; pleurae and coxae
dark brown. Abdomen black, with basal segmental white bands, median dots or
none, the white lateral spots persisting ; venter dull white, the post.erior segments
slightly tipped with blackish. Legs dark brown bronzy lust,er, femora pale below
and with white tips ; tibiae also whit,e-tipped in certain lights. Wing-scales narrow,
the outermost not more than narrowly ligulate, black.
Male - King & Bradley (1937) : - Occiput with broad flat scales at margin
of eyes, a large triangular patch of narrow curved scales in middle. Mesonotal

494

( u

I,

E s

scaling varying from brownish to bright golden. (,1n increase in the golden coloralion of the mesonotum and in the proportion of pale scales on the occiput is noted
in Louisiana and Texas specimens).
Genitalia : (fig. 483). Clasper moderately, but not abruptly, enlarged on
somewhat V-shaped. Outer
apical half ; subapical filament folded longitudinally,
division of lobe of sidepiece with a broad, fan-shaped leaf and seven filaments,
the apical one long and recurved at tip ; basal division with two arms each bearing
Comb of tenth sternite with nine or ten st,out
a long, stout, capitate filament.
short, the base somewhat pear shaped. Inner mesoteeth ; stem comparatively
somal plat,e stout, heavily chitinixed, the outer half bent outwardly and ending
in t>wo stout points ; another curved point arising about midway of the convex
inner margin. Largest mesosomal plate indented on one side. LO~CS of ninth tergites large, oblong, covered with long hairs.
Pupa Unknown.

Kmll,.
1906).
and ninth
trwitr.

MillP

genitalia.
Original.

Lar2.a (fig. 484). King & Bradley (1937) : (Lower head hairs long,
single ; upper short, multiple.
Mental plate wit,h four (occasionally five) teeth
on each side of the central tooth. Lateral abdominal hairs usually triple 011 segments
4 to 6. Comb of eighth abdominal segment of comparatively
few scales (varying
from 11 to 29, average 18) in a single, irregular, or partly double row ; individual
scales produced apically into a long stout point, not fringed toward tip. Air tube
5 to 6 by 1, with five (sometimes four or six) pairs of multiple hair tufts beyond
the pecten the basal pair long, the others progressively shorter ; pectcn tooth
fringed on one side. Body usually densely pilosc.

Type locafit~gU. S. A., La., Baton Rouge. Type in TT. S. S. 31.

Distribution - From U. S. A. through Central America to Brazil.
Note For complete bibliographical references consult King R- &~tllcy
(1!137).

Fig,

4X4.

--

Culer

(Mclanoconion)

terminal

Cules

:~hdominaI

(Melanoconion)

1903

Melanoconion

1904

Bourroul,

Mos.

1908

Peryassk

OS Cul.

1910 Theobald,
1928

Dyar,

Mos.

erraticus

scvgnrnt~.

Theobald,

Mon.
Am.,

Brazil,

Mon.

&

luteopleurus
3

Knab.

1906).

I,nr\-a.

Hrad.

and

Theobald, 1903.

239.

39.

Brazil,
Cul.,

CII~.,

(I)y;lr

Original.

240.

456.

348.

-Vale, pupa und lurva Unknown.

Female - Head : Proboscis longer than fore femur, blackish. Palpus blackish, one and a half times the length of clypeus. Clypeus brown. Antenna with
brown torus, flagellum a little longer than proboscis. Occiput with many erect
forked scales which are bright yellow, on mentum they arc white ; two long proclinate setae at vertex.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe bright yellow with yellow and brown setae. Mesonotum with black integument, the scales coppery, anterior sides with yellowish
integument. Pleura with bright yellow setae and silvery scales along sternopleura :
some upper mesepimerals togethrr with silvery scales. Postnotum blackish, yello\~
on
the sides.

496

CULEX

Wing with broad scales at apex from vein 1 to 4. Haltere with white st,em
and black knob.
Legs : Coxae yellow. Undersides of femora yellowish, on anterior and hind
ones the whole base is yellowish. Tibiae and tarsi blackish.
hbdomen blackish, the lateral mark nearly forming white bands on the
median tergites.
Type locality - Bras&
State of Par&. Type in B. M.
Distribution Bras&
State of Par&.

Subgenus
1905

Currolliu

1921

Carrollella

Lutz,
Lutz,

Imp.
A.

Med.,
FI.

81

Med.,

CARROLLIA
2:

type
161.

iridescens

Iutz,

1905.

Lutz.

Adult Male palpus about the length of proboscis ; female

pa.lpus one fourth the length of proboscis. Bucco-pharyngeal armature
with interesting features, in soperi with three teeth, in iridescens with
five and in urichi and bonneae with seven to nine teeth, there are four
ventral, six to eight dorsal and four palatal papillae. Proboscis slender
and as long as fore femur. Mesonotum with reduced setae, the acrostichals absent and the dorsocentrals represented only by an anterior
pair. Pleura with opalescent areas. Abdomen laterally depressed and
with patches of scales which give off metallic reflexes. Femora with
patches of metallic scales. Genitalia with columnar process elongate
and developed. Tenth sternite with only a few setae in a row at apex.
Ninth tergite with the lobes low and broader t,han high.
The species of this subgenus do not show, in the female, specific
characters and can be divided in two groups, one with dark tarsi
and another with a white ring on the fourth hind tarsal. As in the
other subgenera, the characters of the male genitalia are the ones
which show specific differences, supplemented by pupal and larval ones.
Bionomics The species of this subgenus breed in the water
held in treeholes and bamboo internodes.

Key

for

the

adults

of the

subgenus

CARROLLTA.

1. Hind tami dark ........................................

Hind tarsi with a broad white ring on segment IV. ..........

4.
2.

2. Apical lobe of basistyle with many setae on upper division . . .3.

This lobe with a single foliaceous seta inserted on a protuberance
which is long and slender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anduxei
3. Upper division formed by two foliaceous setae preceeded by fourteen leaves, some of them broad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . urichi
This division with only two foliaceous setae and about six narrow,
elongate leaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mathesoni

497

CULEX

4. With a fingerilike protuberance below the columnar process. . . 5.

Without such a protuberance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.
5. This protuberance smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.
This protuberance densely covered with long hairs . . . . wdsoni
6. Upper division near columnar process and with a large number of
setae, some of them foliaceous . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . soperi
Upper division practically non-existant . . . . . . . . . . . . . antunesi
74. Columnar
division
Columnar
division

process smooth and with only setae a and b ; upper

absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.
process with other elements, when smooth, the upper
isdeveloped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.

8. Columnar process with hair b represented by a large leaf which

is even larger than a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . metempsytus
Hairs a and b of about the same size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . infoliatus
9. Without an upper division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.
The upper division formed by a long protuberance at apex of
which four foliaceous setae are inserted . . . . . . . . . . . . . bonnei
10. Base of columnar process with less than ten elements . . . . . . . 11.
Base of this process with a patch of setae a.nd two leaves on the
upper portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bihaicolus
11. Base of columnar process with a crown of seven slender setae
iridescens
Base; of cdlu&&r

l&Less

w%h i lo& iid i small

setae, all of
them inserted in tubercles on the superior angle of this structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . secundus

Yey for the larvae

of the subgenus

CARROLLIA.

Segment VIII with the pecten scales in a single row ; siphon

three or four times the basal width . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.
Segment VIII with the scales in two or three rows ; siphon with
three or less times the basal width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.
Siphon with eight posterior tufts ..................
Siphon with five posterior tufts ...................

infoliatus
bihuicolus

d. Siphon five or more times the basal width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

c u

198

1,

Siphon three or four times the basal width . . . . . . . . . iridescens

bonnei
soperi
urichi
4.

Siphon with more than seven posterior tufts . . . . . . . . secundus

Siphon with five or six posterior tufts . . . . . . . . . . . anfunesi
Culex

1904

CnrrolZiu

1905

Lutz,

1907

Thcobnld,

1908

PeryassB

1918

Dyar,

1939

Antunes

Lutz

Imp.

Med.,
Mon.
(pro

Ins.

Ins.

(Carrollia)

(in Bourroul)
13

Cul.,

park),

Rol.

(Lutz, 1905).

iridescens

YIos.

Brazil,

50.

81.

207.

OS Cul.

Mens.,

& Ramos,

n.n.,

Brazil,

167.

108.

Biol.

(n. ser.),

377.

Female - Palpus dark and about one fourth the length of proboscis. Buccopharyngeal armature (fig. 485) with five teeth.

485.

487.

Fig.

485.

Culex

(Carrollia)

Fig.

487.

Pupa.

Tube

iridcscens

and

abdominal

(Lutz.

1905).

srgments,

Cuccophnry~s.

dorsal.

Oriqinnl.

Original.

Scale - Proboscis one fourth longer than fore femur, articulated in the middle,
dark, ventral three fourths with yellowish scales. Palpus dark, slightly shorter
than proboscis with a minute dorsal whitish spot at base of third segment, the
second and third segments yellowish ventrally.
Scutellum with whitish scales.
Tarsi dark.
Genitalia : (fig. 486). Basistyle with the columnar process elongate, bearing
in the middle a crown of seven slender setae, at apex setae a and b are inserted,
one below the other, both of them expanded into a fan shaped distal structure,
below these setae two small, pointed ones on underside ; upper division absent ;
a long differentiated seta at apex of basistyle. Dististyle longer than basistyle,
attenuated beyond the middle, capitatc at apex where it divides itsself in two portions which bear numerous spicules and a stout pointed seta each, above a carinate
structure, a single spicule present. Mesosome with the two lobes fused, the setae
sparse, long and inclined to the sides.
Pllpa - (fig. 487). Tube six and a half times the broadest, width, expanded
apicaally, spiculosc and darker at base. Dorsal setae of cephalothorax small and
generally simple.
Abdomen with hair B on segment II half as long as segment, in III nearly
as long and in IF and V one and a half times as long as segment, while in VI it

c u

IA I?

499

is slightly more than half as long as segment ; hair A of VII with from two to sis
branches, in VIII
developed and multiple.
Paddle rounded and nearly twice as
long as segment VIII.

Fk.

486.

Culex

(Carrollia)

iridvscens

t;\-le and ninth tergites.

4 (3)
37.5, fig 1).

(Based

(Lutz,
1905).
Xale
genitalia.
Basistylr.
on Antnws
8 Kamos,
1939,
Bol. Biol.,

(N.

distisS.),

500

CULES

Larva - (fig. 488). Head rounded, slightly broader than long ; hair 2 in a
tuft of seven to eleven slender branches ; 5 with seven to nine long, slender and
slightly feathered branches ; 6 with two or three long, slender and slightly feathered
branches ; 7 with five to eight branches ; 8 and 9 single. Antenna with the tuft
nearly in the middle and with t.hree to five branches, apical setae four spines and
a foliaceous seta.

Fig.

488.

Culex
(Carrollia)
1939,
Ramos,

iridescens

Biol.

Bol.

(Lutz,
1905.
Larva.
S.),
4 (3) : 379,
figs.

(N.

(Based
4 e 5).

on

Antunes

&

Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.3 - 2 1.1.2/3 - 3. Pecten of

segment VIII
with ten to fourteen pointed teeth in a single row. Siphon four
times as long as wide, pecten of eleven to twenty teeth on basal third and a row
of twelve tufts, the basal three within the pecten, at apex a small two or three
branched tuft. Anal segment longer than broad, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft
(1 + 4) ; lateral tuft short and four branched. Gills two and a half times the
length of segment.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, S. Paulo. Neotypes in F. H.
Distribution - Brad,
States of Rio de Janeiro and S. Paulo ; Bolivia
?.

Culex
Dyar,

Ins.

Ins.

(Carrollia)

1921

C&z

1939

Antunes

syn.

1908

Culex

1919

C. iridescens

1919

Bonne-Wepster

& Bonne

Wepster,

Sur.,

& Ramos,

Mens.,

Bol.

iridescens

Blol.

(net

(pro
Lutz),

200.

(net

Dyar,

bonnei

1921.

155.

(n. ser.),

Peryassd

Lutz

Mos.

parte),

381.
OS Cul

Mem.

Ins.

0.

Lutz),

Ins.

Ins.

Brazil,
Cruz,
M:ns.,

167.
10

:
7

87.

153

; 1323Bonnelk]

Bonne-

501

CULEX

1929 Dyar (pro parte), Mos. Am., 281.

1936 Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 38

1937 Antunes, Rev. Fat. Med. BogotB, 6

64.

18.

Female - Proboscis dark. Bucco-pharyngeal armature as in fig. 489. Palpus

one sixth the length of proboscis. Occiput with erect scales giving it a shaggy appearance on hind portion. Scutellum with oval broad scales and curved narrow ones,
all whitish.

491.

489.

Fig. 489. -

Culex

Fig. 491. -

Pupa.

(Carrollia)

bonnei

Dyar,

1921.

Buccopharynx.

Original.

Tube and abdominal segments, dorsal.

Mule - Proboscis dark, yellowish on slightly more than apical third. Palpus
dark, ventrally with a light line on second segment and basal half to all ventral
portion of the third.
Genitalia : (fig. 490). Basistyle with the columnar process elongate, with
three short setae before apex ; setae a and b short, expanded at apex and curved
downwards ; upper division a long stem with four foliaceous setae at apex, near
dististyle a stout seta. Dististyle shorter than basistyle, slender, with a large
capitate and complex structure at apex as can be seen in the figure. Ninth tergitcs
with interlobar space convex, pilose, the lobes shallow and bearing four or five
setae which are pointed and directed outwards.
Pupa - (fig. 491). Tube five and a half times greatest width, thickened and
darker at base. Dorsal tufts of cephalothorax small and multiple.
Abdomen with segment II having hair B nearly as long as same, in III to VI
longer than segment while in IV and V it is one and a half times the length of
segment and in III and VI slightly longer than segment. VII with tuft A developed and with five branches, VIII
with a developed multiple tuft. Paddle twice
the length of segment VIII
and rounded.
Larva Antunes & Ramos (1939) mention the following characters : Nearly identical do iridescens. The following small diferences were noted. Antennal tuft wit,h three or four hairs inserted near the middle and shorter than half
the length of antenna. Labial plate quite longer than broad, with a median tooth
and eight. teeth on each side. Siphon three and a half times longer than broad ;
the pecten formed by thirteen to sixteen teeth ; tufts of siphon ten to twelve,
with three to five branches. Anal segment as long as broad. Gills slightly less
than twice the length of segment, pointed at apex, slightly broader at base than in
iridescens. Pecten of segment VIII with from twelve to seventeen teeth.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.2 - 2 1.1.2/3 1 ?
Type locality Surinam,
Gansee. Type in U. S. N. hI.
Distribution Surinam
: Colombia : Brad,
State of Bahia.

Fig.

490.

(Currollia)
Culox
and ninth
tergitrs.
4 (3)
380,
fig.

bonnei
(Eased
7).

I>ynr,
1921.
on Antunes

JIale,
genitalia.
?k Amos,
1939,

IIasistrle.
I:ol.
Viol.,

dististyle
(K.
S.)

494.

492.
Pig.

492.

Culex

Fig.

494.

Pupa.

(Carrollia)
Tube

soperi
and

hntunes

abdominal

&

segments,

Lane,

1937.

dorsal.

Euccophar~nx.
Original.

OriginaL

Cules

(Carrollia)

Li

soperi

503

_htunes

& Lane, 1937.

_htunes & Lane, Rev. Biol. Hyg., 8 : 21.

1939 Antunes & Ramos, Bol. Biol. (n. ser.), 4 : 383.

1937

Culsx

Female Palpus one fourt,h the length of proboscis. Bucco-pharyngeal

armature (fig. 492) with three teeth. Occiput without shaggy scales, the forked
scales only on nape. Other characters as in C. iridescens.
Male Proboscis light brown on ventral surface. Palpus with a minute
white spot at base of third segment.
Genitalia : (fig. 493). Basistyle ovate ; apical lob:: complex, the columnar
process elongate, sinuate, setae a and b as broad leaves of characteristic shape,
there is a small curved aeta below the leaves ; in the lower portion there is a nude
protuberance which is elongate and has an incision at apes ; upper division lateral
and formed by a large lobe, below with slender setae, 2bovc with folisccous ones,

- .
\

-_

\\

\
.
I---

??I%

Fig. 493. -

Culex (Carrullia)
soperi
Antunes Sr Lane, 1937,

Antunes & Lane, 193i. Male genitalia.

Rev. Biol. Hyg., 4: 383).

(Based

on

504

CULEX

the setae inserted in the free margin. Dististyle thickened at apex, with a spicule
and a seta at base of apical third which is sparsely spiculose. Claw a spicule.
Tenth sternite with eight setae. Mesosome with simple plates. Ninth tergite
densely spiculose, with the lobes rounded, the setae sparse and inclined sideways.
Pupa (fig. 494). Tube eight times broadest width, spiculose, darker at
base. Dorsal cephalothoracic setae small and double or triple.
Abdomen with hair B on segment II as long as same, in III as long, in IV and
V more than three times the length of segment, in VI small ; tuft A of segment
VII a three branched small tuft, in VIII developed and multiple. Paddle one and
a half times the length of VIII,
rounded.
Larva - (fig. 495). Head broader than long, rounded ; hair 2 a tuft of ten
to twelve short, slender hairs ; 5 with two to four long, pennate and strong branches ; 6 a tuft of eight to ten pennate and long branches ; 7 a tuft of twelve short,
pennate branches ; 8 double ; 9 single. Labial plate longer than broad, eight or
nine teeth on each side of the median one. Antenna slender, slightly curved the
tufts beyond the middle and of four or five branched ; four thick setae and a foliaceous seta as long as them at apex.

\...,_.---
495.

496.
Fig.

495.

G&X

(Carrollia)

Fig.

496.

Culex
(Carrollia)
antnnesi
Lane
& Whitman,
tyle and ninth
tergites.
(Based on Lane &
(3)
391, figs. 1 and 1.).

soperi

Antunes

& Lane,

1937.

Larva.
1943.

Whitman,

Terminal

Male

genitalia.

1943,

segments.
Basis-

Rev. Ent.,

14

Body nude except anterior portion of thorax which is spiculose.

Abdomen with pecten of segment VIII of ten to twelve pointed teeth in a
single row. Siphon three and a half to four times longer than broad, pecten on
basal third of seven to sixteen short teeth, seven to eleven tufts of five to nine
branches followed by a small subapical tuft of five hairs, the basal three tufts

505

CULEX

within the pecten. Anal segment slightly broader than long, ringed by the plate
dorsal hairs (1 + 3/4) ; lateral tuft of five or six small branches.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Pertis. Type in F. H.
Distribution Brad,
States of S. Paulo and Espirito Santo.

Culex
1943

C&ez

Lane

(Carrollia)

& Whitman,

Lane & Whitman,

antunesi

Rev.

Ent.,

1943.

14 : 389.

Proboscis light brown ventrally.

Occiput with forked, narrow,
Female
yellowish scales and narrow, forked black scales behind, similar to C. iridescens.
Median lobe of scutellum with broad scales as in soperi. Other characters as in
soperi.
Mule Similar to C. soperi. We note that the scales of median lobe of
scutellum seem to be broader and there are also a few fusiform scales. Proboscis
yellowish on basal four-fifths, they might also be whitish.
Genitalia : (fig. 496). Rasistyle three times basal width, semi-columnar,
with fine spiculosity, setose and with a long seta on apical internal angle inserted
on the side of a protuberance ; columnar process slightly beyond the middle, developed, thicker at base and gradually attenuated to apex, setae a and b at apex,
striated, with the point downturned and beak-shaped, a small seta is also present ;
above columnar process and at its angle with basistyle there is a small nude tubercle ; below the columnar process there is a structure less than half as long as basistyle, nude, rod-shaped and below it a seta is inserted. Dististyle nearly as long
as basistyle, serrate on apical margin, thickened on distal third, the point at right
angles in relation to body of same, with two terminal spicules, the lower one representing the claw, at base of distal third there is another small spicule. Tenth
sternite with two terminal teeth and an internal spicule. Mesosome with anterior

498.
Fig.

497.

Culex

Fig.

498.

Larva.
Whitman,

497.

(Carrollia)
Head
1943,

antunesi
and
Rev.

Lane

terminal
Ent.,
14

&

Whitman,

abdominal
(3)
391,

1943.

segments.
figs. 2, 3

Pupa.

Tube.

(Based
and 4).

ond

Lane

&

plates elongate, ending in downturned points, posterior plates rounded, slightly

sclerotized. Ninth tergite with interlohar space slightly convex, the lobes with
five setae turned outwards.
Pupa - Evenly sclerotiaed. (fig. 497). Tube more than twenty five times
basal width, very long and slender, darker at base, with fine spiculosity. Dorsal
hairs of cephalothurax simple or double and moderately long.
Abdomen with hair B of segments II to V simple and longer than length of
same ; tuft A of VII four branched, short, in VIII developed and eight branched.
Paddle rounded, one and a half times the length of segment.
Larva (fig. 498). Head broader than long, subquadrate ; hair 2 simple,
5 and 6 a multiple tuft, 8 and 9 simple. Antenna slender, curved, the t,uft beyond
the middle and with five hairs, apex with four thick spines and a foliaceous process
which is slightly more than half as long as the largest spine.
Body nude. Abdomen with pectcn of segment VIII a row of seven to fourteen
teeth. Siphon five to eight times basal width, pccten from seven to fourteen subtriangular scales on basal third, four or five multiple tufts, the first within the
pecten, at) apex a small simple, subapical hair. Anal segment ringed by the plate :
dorsal tuft with three or four sctae ; lateral tuft multiple and small. Gills longer
than segment and pointed.
Tl~pe locality - Brad,
State of Espirito Santo, Vale do CanalT. Type in
U. S. N. M.
LWribz&o7l - Brad,
State of Espirito Santo.

Culex
1943

Culex

Lane

(Carrollia)

& Whitman,

Rev.

wilsoni
Ent.,

Lane & Whitman,

1913.

14 : 393.

FernSale, pupa and larva Unknown.

J1ale - Proboscis blackish, ventrally whitish, labellum blackish. Occiput.
with narrow, yellowish, forked scales, mixed with broad, rounded and more numerous ones, behind, blackish, erect, forked scales. Scutellum as in C. soperi ;
other characters as in C. sop&.
Genitalia : (fig. 499). Basistyle subcolumnar and three times the basal width,
with fine and dense spiculosity ; columnar process a little beyond the middle,
developed, thicker towards base and attenuated towards apex where it ends in
two fine leaves, the upper one the largest, less sclerotized and with a point at
right angles, besides these leaves there is a small seta ; above columnar process
and at angle of it with basistyle, a small tubercle ; below the columnar process
there is a long appendis, nearly as long as the procese, mass-shaped, densely setose
on external margin except at base, the setae long, slender, curved and inserted on
small tubercles. Dististyle a little shorter than basistyle, thickened at apex, the
point blunt and at an angle with the body of it, with a claw and a slender spicule.
Tenth sternite with two or three teeth and two internal spicules, external margin
strongly sclerotized. Mesosome with anterior plates elongate, arm-shaped and
ending in a blunt point, the posterior ones rounded and low. Ninth tergite rounded
with two or three proclinate setae, interlobar space small and convex.
Type locality -- Rrasil,
State of Espirito Santo, Vale do CanaL
Type in
U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Brasil,
State of Espirito Santo.

Culex
1920

(Carrollia)

Ctclex Bonne-Wepster
Dyar,

1923

Bonnc

1928

Dyar,

1936

Komp,

syn.

1915

id.,

13

secundus
& Bonnc,

Ins.

Mos.

SIX.,

Proc.
Carrollk
Ins.

Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, 1920.

&fens., 7 : 170 ; 1923 Dyar,
id., 11 : 178 ;

1925

176.

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

Ins.

Am.,
Ent.

203.

281.
Sot.

Wash.,

iridescens

13s. Mens..

38

Howard,

108.

64.

Dyar

& Iinsh

ipro

parte),

Mon.,

426

1918

Dyar,

Iernnle Proboscis dark, light-brown ventrally.

Occiput with forked and
yellowish scales predominating,
erect . Median lobe of scutellum with narrow
scales predominating.
Male - Proboscis jointed, with whitish scales ventrally, labellum blackish.
Occiput with yellowish forked scales mixed with broad ones, these predominating,
behind with blackish, forked scales. Mid lobe of scutellum chiefly with narrow
scales mixed with broad ones.
Genitalia : (fig. 500). Rasistyle with the external margin rounded, without
spiculosity, setose ; columnar process nearly as long as basist,ylc and ending in
three different shaped leaves besides a spiculc ; there is anot,her upper structure
which originates three small setae inserted in distinct tubercles and another seta
inserted on a small protuberance which is column-shaped. Dististyle longer than
basistyle, the stem simple and curved, the apex bulbous, the upper margin sinuate
and ending in a spicule, a little below the spicule there is a hairy patch ; there is
also a second appendix inserted in a protuberance which is covered with long and
dense pilosity. Tenth sternite ending in three teeth. Mesosome with the anterior
plate elongate and apically beak shaped, the posterior one low and rounded. Sinth
t.ergite with the intcrlobar space plane, each lobe with four setae.

499.
Fig.

499.

Culex

(Carrollia)

Fig.

500.

CUIPX (Carrollin)
(Based
on Lane

wilsoni

Lane

secundus
L Whitman,

& Whitman,

Bonne-Wepster
1943,
Rev.

Q
E:nt.,

1943.
Bonne,
14 (3)

Male
1920.
391

genitalia.
Male
genitalia.
figs. 5n. and 6).

Pupa - (fig. 501). Tube moderately elongate, fifteen times broadest width,
*evenly slender, spiculose and dark apically. Dorsal setae of cephalothoras in tufts
*of three or four small hairs.

508

CULEX

Abdomen with hair B of segments II to IV slender and longer than length of

same, VI very fine and nearly as long as segment ; tuft A of VIII with seven or
eight branches. Paddle rounded and nearly twice the length of segment VIII.
Larva (fig. 502j. Head subquadrate, broader than long ; hair 2 in three
branches, 7 in four branches, 5 in five branches, 8 and 9 simple. Antenna shorter
than length of head, curved, a small tuft a little beyond-middle, apex with three
spicules and a leaf as long as them.

502.
Fig. 501. -

Culex (Carrollia)
secundus
Bonne-Wepster
and abdominal segments, dorsal. Original.

l?ig. 502. -

Larva. Head and terminal abdominal segments. (Based on Lane & Whitman,
1943, Rev. Ent., 14 (3) : 395, figs. 7 and 8).

Bonne,

1920.

Pupa.

Tube

Body nude. Prot,horacic hair formula 1.1.4 2 1.1.3. Abdomen with

pecten of segment VIII of fifteen scales in a single row. Siphon more than nine
times basal width, the pecten of twelve scales and five or six tufts of setae and
one or two small tufts of two or t,hree branches near apex. Anal segment ringed
by the plate, the dorsal tuft (3 + 1). Gills more than twice the length of anal segment and ending in a point.
Type locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Dislribution - Panama:
Colombia:
Brad,
State of Espirito Santo.

Culex
1927
1928
1928
1931
1936

(Carrollia)

bihaicolus

509

Dyar & Nufiez Tovar, 1927.

Culez Dyar & N. Tovar, Notas. s. Dipt. Haemat. Ven., 4.

Dyar, & N. Tovar, Am. J. Hyg., 8 : 91.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 284.
Martin], Rev. Ent., 1 : 217.
Antunes, Rev. Fat. Med. Bogot& 6 : 18.

Female - Proboscis dark, light brown ventrally.

Occiput with forked, yellowish scales predominating.
Mid lobe of scutellum with narrow scales.
Male - Proboscis and occiput as in female. Scutellum with the narrow scales
mixed with the broad ones.
Genitalia : (fig. 503). Basistyle elongate, three and a half times the basal
width, sparsely spiculose ; columnar process below t!he middle, elongate and ending
in a and 6 setae which are leaflike, b is larger, both end in a beak, below these leaves
there is a slender seta, the base of columnar process is surrounded by dense pilosity
inserted in distinct tubercles and above two long leaves placed close together.
Dististyle shorter than basistyle, slender, curved, the apex head-shaped, serrate
above. Claw a spicule. Tenth sternite with eight teeth. Mesosome with the plates
ending in a beak-shaped lamella. Ninth tergites with the lobes small, finger shaped
with three straight setae.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 504). Head slightly broader than long, hair 5 multiple, 6 simple,
7 multiple, 8 and 9 simple. Antenna with a minute three branched tuft beyond the
middle, the setae at apex short.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. - 2/3 - 1.1.2 -- 4 small. Lateral comb of
segment VIII of many scales three rows deep. Siphon two and a half times as broad
as wide, the pecten on basal third, five multiple long tufts, the basal two within
the pecten. Anal segment broader than long, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft
(1 + 4). Anal gills four times the length of segment, blunt at apex.
Type locality Venezuela.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Venezuela : Colombia : Brad,
State of Amazonas.

Fig.

503. -

Fig . 504

Culex

(Carrollia)

tyle.

Original.

Larva.

bihaicolus

Head and terminal

Dyar

S: N. Tovar,

segments.

1927.

Original.

Male genitalia.

Basis-

Culex
1920

Culex
id.,

11

1928

Dynr,

1936

Kemp,

(Carrollia)
Bonne-Wepster

125

Mos.
Roe.

infoliatus
& Bonne.

1925 Bonne

Am.,
Ent.

Ins.

Ins.

Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, 1920.

&lens., 7 : 170 ; 1923 Bonne-Wepster
ck Bonne,

& Bonne-Wepster,

Mos.

Sur.,

203.

283.
Sot.

Wash.,

38

64.

FemuZe - Dyar (1928) : - iProboscis moderate, swollen at the tip, black.

Occiput with dark scales. Mesonotum thinly dark-scaled, the anterior angles and
pleurae sordid luteous, the latter with a small dark mark. Abdomen black, somcwhat pale above, the sides velvety and with a row of round purple metallic spots ;
venter white, the segments narrowly black at their apices, the posterior ones proLegs black, the mid femora with two metallic purple spots.
jecting ventrally.
Wing scales narrow, dark.
A1uZe - Proboscis blackish, thickened beyond joint, one sixth longer than
fore femur. Palpus three fourths the length of proboscis, white scaled ventrally
on first, and second segments, the rest dark. ,4ntenna as long as palpus, sparsely
plumose .
Genitalia : (fig. 506). Basistyle twice as long as wide, expanded basally ;
columnar process below the middle, densely sctose at base, attenuated at apex
which ends in setae a and b which are elongate, foliaceous and beak shaped at
apex ; upper division absent, two setae at apical internal angle. Dististylc as long
as basistyle, slender, slightly expanded at apex, ending in a point. Claw subterminal, sbinelike, slender. Dyar (1928) : Tenth sternites slender, with four
flatened teeth at tip. Mesosomc with two pairs of flat plates.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - Head rounded, nearly circular in outline ; antennae slender, with a small tuft near middle. Lateral comb of the eighth segment
of about twelve scales in a patch three rows deep. Air-tube stout, three times as
long as wide, pecten reaching over a third ; about eight long two - to three-haired
tuft,s along posterior border. Anal segment wider than long, ringed by the plate,
ventral brush posterior ; dorsal tuft a long hair and five-haired brush on each
side. Anal gills twice as long as the segment, pointed.
Type locality Surinam.
Type in U. S. r\. M.

D&ibr~tion Culex
1921

CuEes Dynr,

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

1936

Kemp,

Ins.

Iroc.

Am.,
Ent.

Colombia.

(Carrollia)
Ins.

& Bonne-Wepster,
210s.

Surinam

Mens.,

Mos.

metempsptus
154

Sur.,

1925 Dyar,

id.,

13

Dyar,
: 17G.

1921.

204.

282.
Sot.

Waqh.,

38

64.

Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis stout, enlarged at tip, black with blue
rcxflection. Occiput with black scales. fifesonotum with sparse dark brown scales,
t,he pleurae pearly blue above from the anterior angle of mesonotum, black in the
middle, the coxae pale yellowish. Abdomen black, the segments with pale yellowish basal bands, not reaching the sides laterally a series of round metallic purple,
coppery, or silvery spotIs ; venter yellowish whitr, the segments with apical black
bands, the poste;or segments prdjecting ventrally.
Legs black with bronsy and
blue reflection, mid femora with two metallic purple spots. Wing scales narrow,
blackish.
ilf&
- Coloration of the female. Palpi not as long as the proboscis, blackish.
Genitalia : (fig. 505). Basistyle two and a half times as long as wide, columnar
process inserted on basal third, spiculose at base, elongate t,o apex, with about
eight short setae, setae a and b leaf like, distorted, b much larger t,han a : upper
division absent, a long stout seta on apical internal angle. Dististyle one fifth

shorter than basistyle gradually expanded at apex, a spicule distally. Claw short
apical and expanded. Dyar (1928) : - Tent.h sternites very slender, with brushshaped spinous tip. Lateral plates of mesosome large T-shaped, not forming a
bridge ; within two plates, one pointed, the other broad, membranous.
Pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - Costa Rica, Alajuela. Type in U. S. K. 11.
Dislrib~~tion - Costa
Rica : Colombia.

50.5.

506.

506.

Culex
(Cu-mllia)
metempsytus
dististyle.
Original.

Fig.

50G.

Culex
(Carrollia)
hfoliatus
Bonne-Wepstrr
Original.
Basist!-le
and dististyle.

1906

Me!anoconion

1906

Dyar

1906

Coqmllett,

1906

Culex

Culex
& Knab,

J.

N.

Can.
P.

IT. S. Dept.

Dpar

1910

MeZanoconzon
Culex

1918

Dyar.

1925

Bonne

Can.

Theobald,

Howard,
Ins.

Ent.
Agr.,

& Knab,

1915

1928 Dyar,

(Carrollia)

Coqmllett,

Dyar

Ins.

6 :

& Bonne-Wepster,
i%s.

1936 Komp,
1937 Antunes,

Am.,

Proc.
Rev.

Ent.
Fat.

Cul.,

& Knab,

Mens.,

Tech.

438.
5

Mon.,

458.

108.
Mos.

Sur.,

197.

282.
Sot.

Wash.,

Med.,

38 : 64.

BopotB,

18.

464.

genitalia.

R- Bonne.

1920.

(Coquille t t , 1906).

: 62.
14 : 223.

Ent.,
5

Nale

38

Sot.,

Ent.,

Mon.

urichi

Ent.
Bur.

Dgnr,

1921.

Fig.

Ser.,

11

23.

Basiatyle

Xale

and

genitalia.

,C u 1,

512

509.

507.
Fig. 507. -

Culex

Fig. 509. -

Pupa.

Fig. 508. -

(Carrollia)

urichi

(Coquillett,

Tube and terminal

culex (CarroIIia)
urichi
Cerqueira & Lane, 1944,

abdominal

1906).

Buccopharynx.

segments.

Original.

Original.

(Coquillett, 1905).
Male
Rev. Ent., 15: 217).

genitalia.

(Based

Female - The female of this species and C. mathexmi and anduzei have a
broad white ring onf the fourth hind tarsal segment. Bucco-pharyngcal armature
(fig. 507) with seven to nine teeth. They show no differential characters from
one another.
Male - Genitalia : (fig. 508). Basistyle two and a half times basal width ;
apical lobe with columnar process as long as the width of basistyle and with fine,
short, sparse setae, setae a and b inserted at apex, foliaceous, unequal in length,
slender, long, hooked, there is also a preapical seta ; distal portion with the following struct,ures : a) a distinct protuberance bearing two foliaceous, pointed, divergent setac at apex and between them two shorter ones, more or less broad and with
a subapical insertion ; b) preceeding these structures a compact group of foliaceous
hooked setae, some of them larger and broader than the others, all inserted in distinct tubercles ; between these setae there are smaller, pointed setae. Dististyle
thickened at apex. Claw very short and inserted below a pointed protuberance
which has a small seta below inserted on a tubercle. Tenth sternite generally with
three blunt teeth at apex and one or two spicules. Ninth tergite with six to ten
proclinate setae. Mesosome divided, slender at apex, expanded at base and curved.
Pupa - (fig. 509). Tube six times as long as broadest width, expanded gradually towards apex. Skin darker on cephalothorax and three basal segments.
Abdomen with hair B slightly shorter than segment and single in II and III,
more than twice longer than segment in IV and V, a little longer than segment
in VI ; hair C nearly as long as segment in II and III ; hair A double and short
in VII, triple and a little longer in VTII.
Paddle about three times the length of
segment VIII.
Larw -- Dyar (1928) : - Head rounded, nearly circular ; antennae slender,
a two haired i,uft near the middle. Head-hairs in a curved row, middle tuft multiple, short, outer in two, long, anteantennal in about six.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.4 -- 2 1.13 - 2. Lateral comb of segment
VIII a single row of about thirt#een scales. Siphon three and a half times as long
as bro2d, pecten a little below basal third, ten multiple tufts of moderate hairs,
the first tuft within the pecten. Anal segment broader than long, ringed by t,he
plate ; dorsal tuft (1 + 10) ; lateral hair single.
Type locality -- Trinidad
(B. W. I.). Type in U. S. S. M.
Distribution Trinidad
: Surinam : British
Guiana : Colombia :
Brasil, States of Par6 and Amazonas : Peru.

Culex
1942

Culex

Anduze,

1944

Cerqueira

ayn.

1925

Culex

Bol.

& Lane,
UTichi

(Carrollia)
Ent.
Rev.

Bonne

Ven.,
Ent.,

mathesoni

1:
15

Anduze, 1942.

47.

218.

& Bonne-Wepster

(net

Coquillett.),

Mos.

SW.,

197.

Female - Similar to C. urichi.

Male - (fig. 510). Genitalia : Differs from that of C. urichi by the large
space between t,he columnar process (which is more attenuated) and the group of
apical setae ; the group of apical setae is formed by only six or seven foliaceous
setae inserted before the preapical protuberance which ends in two broad, pointed
setae ; there are, besides these setae one or two foliaceous setae on the basal portion
of the preapical protuberance.
Nint,h t,ergite with only four or five slender, proclinate setae.
Pupa and larva - Unknown.
. Type in the Institute of Hygiene of
Type locality - Venezuela,
Venezuela.
Distribution - Venezuela : Colombia : Bras& State of Amazonas.

Culex
1944

Culex

Cerqueira

(Carrollia)
& Lane,

Rev.

anduzei
Ent.,

15

Cerqueira & Lane, 1944.

219.

511.

510.
Fig.

510.

--

G&x
(Carrollia)
dististyle.

mathesoni

Fig.

5 Il.

Culex
(Carrollia)
andnzei
(Both
tyle and dististyle.
(l/2):
fig. 5 and 6).

_hd~ze,

Cerqueira
based on

1942.

& Lane,
Cerqueira

Male

genitalia.

Basistylo

1944.
Nale
genitalia.
& Lane,
1944,
Rev.

and

BasisEnt.,
15

Female Similar to C. urichi and C. mthesoni.

M&e - Genitalia : (fig. 511). Basistyle two and a half times the basal width ;
apical lobe with the columnar process longer than width of basistyle at point of
its insertion, with sparse small setae and, at apex, setae a and b which are thickened,
the upper one larger and curved at apex ; besides the columnar process there is
also a preapical protuberance which ends in a foliaceous seta, which is long and
pointed ; before base of this structure t,here are also some nodules with fine setae ;
between this process and the protuberance there are sparse setae which are small
and discreete ; above the protuberance there are two longer setae. Dististyle,
tenth sternite, ninth tergite and mesosome as in C. urichi.
Pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - Bras&
State of Amazonas, Riau&. Type in F. H.
Distribution Brad,
State of Amazonas.
5.

PauIo.

27th.

&ml,

1951.

Subgenus MICROCULEX
MGro&ezTheobald, Mon. Cul., 4 : 461 r

Theobald,
type

imilalor

Theobald

1907.
(as argenleoumbrosus

Iheobald).

Small mosquitoes whose aquatic stages are passed in the water

held at the base of axils of bromeliaceous plants, occasionally in water
held by the internodes of bamboo. Most species are restricted to the
Tupi center. They can be characterized as follows : Adult - The mesonotum covered with dark, golden or silvery
scales forming a pattern ; legs dark in some species, on most of them
with white basal rings on tarsi. Male genitalia with characters of
subgeneric importance as apical lobe of basistyle always with the
columnar process developed and bearing setae a and b ; upper division with or without development but with a variable number of
setae, sometimes a leaf is also present ; tenth sternites with a distal
pecten ; plate of mesosome always with a long, downcurved tooth ;
ninth tergite with rounded or elongate lobes always ornamented wit*h
a few setae.
Pupa and larva --- Without characters of subgeneric importance.
Larvae can be divided in two groups ; in the first group with a long,
slender siphon and comprising most species ; in the second group
with a short and broad siphon.
Bionomics - The females prefer the blood of birds.
Key

for

the

adults

of

the

subgenus

MICROCULEX.

1. Mesonotum dark or covered with yellowish or golden scales

forming a pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.
Mesonotum with yellowish integument and scales, a black spot
which is rounded, in front of wing base ; male genitalia with
apical lobe bearing two setae on columnar process ; upper
division a long seta and numerous short ones which reach and
involve the columnar process ; nint,h tergite with elongate
finger shaped lobe five times the basal width and bearing three
long setae (see also key for Melanoconion) . . . . . . . . . . . . stonei
2. Mesonotum without a pattern of silver or golden scales, chiefly
covered with unicolorous scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.
Mesonotum with a pattern of golden or silvery scales over a
dark background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -16.
3. Tarsi dark or with apical white rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
Tarsi dark except on mid pair where there is a ventral continuous
white line from base of segment I to apex of T ; hind basitarsus
also marked with white (male unknown) . . . . . . . . . . . . azymus
4. Tarsidark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.
Tarsi, chiefly the hind ones, with apical white rings . . . . . . . . . 5.
5. Ninth tergites longer tha,n wide and finger shaped . . . . . . . . . . 6.

516
--

CULEX
_-__

._ .

_- _______

-_____-_-._

_. _ ~______

__

Ninth tergites with rounded lobes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.

6. Upper division of apical lobe with three or four differentiated
setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.
Upper division of apical lobe with a mass of short setae ; hooks
of mesosome retrose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jenningsi
7. Upper division of apical lobe formed by a larger and two smaller
setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hedys
Upper division of apical lobe with two larger and two smaller
setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reducens
8. Upper division of apical lobe with six larger and two smaller
setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . worontxowi
This division with five setae, one of them flattened and with
or without smaller setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . consolator
9
. . Base of mesosomal plate smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.
Base mesosomal plate with six spinelike projections ; upper
division of apical lobe with a mass of setae . . . . . . . . . . Tcukenan
10. Female with palpus three times as long as clypeus . . . . . . . .l2.
Female with palpus five times as long as clypeus . . . . . . . . . . . 11.
il. Female with dark abdomen ; male with lobe of ninth tergitl
four times the basal width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inimitabilis fuscatus
Female with white basolateral spots on abdomen ; lobe of
ninth tergite with less than three times the basal width
inimita bilis inimitabilis
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..a.............
12. Upper division without a leaf on apical lobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .l3.
Upper division of apical lobe with a distinct leaf . . . . . . . . . . . .l4.
13. Upper division of apical lobe with five setae of the same size
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . restrictor
This division withfour iarge and one small setae . . . . . . . . dauisi
14. Basistyle elongate ; apical lobe with setae of columnar process
not reaching the upper division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.
13asistyle glohose ; apical lobe with the setae of columnar process
reaching and envelopping the leaf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . negtectus
elongatus
15. With two larger leaves between the setae at base of columnar
process and the leaf of the upper division . . . . . . . . aphylactus
With only a larger leaf between the setae at base of columnar
process and the leaf of the upper division . . . . . . microphyZZ,us
16. Mesonotal pattern formed by silvery scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17.
Mesonotal pattern formed by golden or yellowish scales . . . . .21.
17. The pattern not reaching the median portion of mesonotum . .18.
This pattern reaching the median portion of mesonotum . . . . .19.
18. Pattern of mesonotum formed by lateral stripes, the internal
margin straight and not reaching the median portion ; male
genitalia wit.h straight, pointed setae on columnar process,

_... _-

1~

__-I_

______
_ - -__-

51;

.__~

upper division with fifteen curved setae. ...........

carioca
The lateral silvery marking of mesonotum coma shaped and on
anterior margin ................................
gaudeator
19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.
25.

26.

27.
28.

Hooks of mesosome strongly curved ......................

.20.
Hooks of mesosome slightly curved ; upper division of apical lobe
with two differentiated setae from a lobe nearly separated on
imitator imitator
the anterior extremity .....................
Setae of upper division as a continuation to those on base of
imitator retrosus
columnar process and not int,errupted .......
Setae of upper division forming a detached group ; columnar
process without setae a and b ; hooks of mesosome strongly
curved .........................................
d&tans
Fourth and fifth segments of hind tarsi with white ........
.22.
These segments dark but, the basal tIhree tarsal segments ringed
daumastocampa
with white ................................
Fourth and fifth segments of hind tarsi with whit,e rings .... .23.
These segments nearly completely white scaled ; male genitalia
with setae a and b of columnar process straight, with two
additional ones below ; upper division with five long setae
.................................................
albipes
Mesonotal pattern extending to the sides or restricted to
them ...............................................
24.
Mesonotal pattern formed by a broad median longitudinal stripe
of golden scales ; male genitalia with setae of columnar process
straight, those of upper division formed by four long and one
small short seta ..................................
aureus
Pattern of golden scales invading the middle ..............
.25.
Pattern formed by lateral golden markings ...........
rc?,jecto?
Pattern of mesonotum extending to posterior half ..........
.2G.
Such a pattern restricted to the anterior half where the integument is lighter ; male genitalia with straight setae on the
columnar process .............................
chryselatue
Without a patch of differentiated setae on base of basistyle. . .27.
With such a patch ; upper division formed by five long setae and
with or whithout a smaller one ................
pleuristriutus
Upper division with five long and a smaller setae ...........
.28.
This division with four longer and a shorter seta ........
guirus
Upper division with several hooked setae .......
daumastocampa
This division with a single hooked seta ...........
intermedius
Key

for

the

larvae

of

the

subgenus

MICROCULEX.

1. Siphon short and broad, from four to seven times the basal
width ; hind margin of anal plate with developed spines . . . 2.

51s

2.
3.
4.
In.

CULEX

Siphon long and slender, from eight to fifteen times the basal
width ; posterior margin of anal plate without spines or, when
9.
they exist, they are very small ........................
7.
Body with spiculose integument ..........................
3.
Bodynude .............................................
4.
Plate of anal segment spiculose ..........................
daumastocampa
This plate smooth ...........................
5.
Plate of anal segment with simple spicules ...............
pleuristriatus
This plate with feathered spicules ...............
6.
Siphon more than four times the basal width ..............
Siphon three times the basal width ; the two lateral hairs on
albipes
anal segment simple ...............................

uzymus
6. Antenna with a single antenna1 seta ...................
davisi
Antenna with four setae on the tuft ...................
7. Darker region of head reduced to a narrow band on hind
margin ; internal occipitals in a tuft of six or seven elements ;
aureus
prothorax with hair 7 double .......................
8.
Darker region of head forming a basal pattern ..............
8. Head hair 8 simple, 9 in a tuft. ; prothoracic hair 7 double or
gairus
triple ............................................
Head hair 8 in a tuft, 9 also in a tuft ; prothoracic hair 7 with
intermedius
three to five elements .........................
9. Head with hair i divided into four or more developed branches................................................lO.
This hair with two to four branches ; prothoracic hairs 5, 6 and
microphyEZus
7 simple, 8 simple and minute ..................
aphylactus
11.
10. Head hair 7 with five to ten branches ....................
This hair with four or five branches ; prothoracic hair 5, 6 and
7 simple ; siphon apparently without setae beyonr! the pect,en
stonei
..................................................
.12.
11. Siphon with two tufts beyond the pecten ...............
.15.
Siphon with more than two tufts beyond the pecten .......
12. Head hair 7 with eight branches ; prothorax with hairs 5, 6 and
.13.
7 simple ...........................................
.14.
Head hair 7 with five to seven branches ..................
13. Prothorax with hair 8 minute ........................
This hair long and thick ...........................

carioca
dubitans

neglectus
elongates
Siphon nine to ten times its basal width, not darkened at apex
hedys
..................................................
.16.
15. Siphon with simple tufts beyond the pecten ..............

14. Siphon fourteen times its basal width, apex darker .....

.17.

....................................

Such tufts multiple

16. Only three simple setae beyond t,he pecten ; siphon twelve times
jenningsi
its basal width ...............................
Five simple setae beyond the pecten ; siphon nine to ten times
restrictor
its basal width ................................
.18.
17. With more than four tufts on siphon .....................
With only three tufts on siphon ; siphon ten times its basal width ;
hair 7 with six or seven long branches ...........
chryselatus
.t9.
18. Prothoracic setae 5, 6 and 7 simple ......................
.21.
Prothoracic setae 5 and 6 simple, 7 double ...............
Prothoracic setae 5 simple, 6 double, 7 simple ; anal segment without spicules on posterior margin ...........
imitator retrosus
With five tufts on siphon ; siphon nine times the basal width ;
rejector
head hair 7 with seven or eight branches * ..........
.20.
19. Siphon less than twelve times its basal width ............
Siphon twelve to fifteen times its basal width . . imitator imitator
20. Siphon ten to twelve times its basal width and with four pairs
inimitabilis juscatus
of tufts ...............................
Siphon eight to ten times its basal width and with four or five
pairs of tufts .......................
inimitabilis inimitabilis
21. Plate of anal segment with spicules on the hind margin .... .22.
This plate without spicules ; siphon with six or seven pairs of
worontzowi
tufts beyond the pecten .......................
22. Lateral tuft of anal segment with two or three branches
...............................................
reducens
This tuft, with five hairs ; siphon with four t!ufts beyond the
consolator
pecten .......................................
Culex
1943

CuJex Lane

(Microculex)

& Whitman,

1950 Rozeboom

& Komp,

syn.

ocelIatus

1905

Culer

1915

C. ocelhtus

1918

C. (M.)
Sur.,

1928

Rev.

Proc.
Dyar
Dyar,

Dynr

14

Sot.

& Knab

Howard.

ocellctus

Ent.,

Ent.

Lane & Whit,man, 1943.

stonei

(net

& Knab

Ins.

405.

Wash.,

52

155.

Theobald),
(pro

Ins. Mens.,

Proc.

parte),
6

110

Biol.

Mon.,

Sot.

Wash.,

19

: 168.

446.

1923 Bonne

& Bonne-Weprter,

Mos.

351.

C. ocellatus

Dyar

(pro

parte),

Mos.

Am.,

351.

Female - Proboscis blackish, curved and expanded apically, slightly longer

than fore femur. Palpus blackish, nearly twice as long as clypeus. Clypeus nude,
blackish. Antenna slightly longer than proboscis. Occiput with slender, white
scales, yellowish forked ones at nape.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with whitish integument and scales of this color
besides dark brown setae. Mesonotum with yellowish integument and scales ; in
front of root of wing a rounded black spot with black scales, surrounding it a
nitid white margin ; dorsocentrals in a row whi& is denser on prescutellar region,
-____* We do not known Ihc prothoracic hair formula of this species.

520

acrostichals, an anterior pair, humerals three, supralars in a row. Scutellum

with covering of mesonotum and 3-6-3 setae. Postnotum dark brown. Pleura
greenish with a transversal dark brown stripe and a patch of white scales.
Legs dark, femora, tibiae and tarsi whitish internally, chiefly the mid ones.
Abdomen dorsally with blackish scales, ventrally with white ones, the colors
separated on the sides in a straight line, terminal segment with white scales and
yellow setae.
Mule - Palpus shorter than proboscis and with long setae at apex. Antenna
plumose, nearly as long as proboscis. Legs with tarsi extensively covered with
white scales on ventral side. Other characters as in female.
Genitalia : (fig. 550). Basistyle more than twice the basal width, with long
setae on external margin ; apical lobe with columnar process short and ending in
two setae, the upper one hooked, much more developed than the lower one ; upper
division a long, curved seta, the point very long and numerous short setae which
reach the columnar process. Dististyle less than half as long as basistyle, short.
Claw developed. Mesosome with anterior plate high, slightly sclerotized, of characteristic shape, the hind one more strongly sclerotized, with hooks short and
turned downwards, ending in a sharp point. Ninth tergite with broad interlobar
space, concave, the lobes quite elongate, five times the basal widt>h, capitate and
with three setae.

Fig. 552. -

CU~~X

(M~c~ocu~~x)

minal segments

stonei

Original.

Lane & Whitman,

1943.

Larva.

Terminal

ahdw

Pupa - (fig. 551). Tube broadened at apex, twice the basal width and a
little more sclerotized in the middle. Cephalothorax and abdomen without markings. Paddle twice as long as eighth segment.
Larva (fig. 552). Antenna shorter than length of head, the tuft at base
of apical third, attenuated after the tuft and ending in four spicules, two of them
apical. Siphon nearly ten times basal width, the pecten at basal quarter, a more
sclerotized ring at apex ; dorsal tuft (1 + 1). _4nal segment longer than broad,
slight1.y sclerotized on hind margin.
Type Zocality Trinidad
(B. W. I.). Type in TT. S. N. M.
Distribztfion Trinidad
(B. W. I.).

Culex
1906

Culex

1915

Howard,

Dyar

& Knab,

Dyar

1925 Bonne
1928

(ilIicroculex)
Pro?.

& Knab,

& Bonne-Wepster,

Dyar,

Mos.

Am.,

Biol.

Mon.,
Mos.

Dyar & Knab, 190fi.

azymus
Ser.
3

Sur.,

Wash.,

19

169.

451.
246.

350.

Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, blackish. Palpus three and a half
times the length of clypeus, blackish. Antenna as long as fore femur.
Mesonotum with brown scales. Scutellum brown scaled. Legs dark, undersides of femora, tibiae and extreme base of hind basitarsus white ; mid tarei white
on one side from segment I to V.
Abdomen blackish with basolateral white spots on tergites. on V forming A
narrow band.
Mule and pupa Unknown.
Larva -- Dyar (1928) : - Head nearly circular in outline, the antenna slender, uniform, with a single hair near the middle ; upper head-hair in three, short,
lower single, long. Lateral comb of the eighth segtnent of many spines in a patch
three rows deep. Air-tube subfusiform, about five times as long as wide, the pecten
on the basal third ; four posterior tufts and a single hair, three-haired, the first
within the pecten, diminishing in length outwardly. Anal segment as wide as long,
ringed by the plate, ventral brush posterior ; dorsal tuft two long hairs on each
side ; lateral tuft double, long. _4nal gills more than twice as long as the segment,
rather wide and tapered.
Type Zoculily Trinidad
(B. \Y. I.). Type in U. S. N. M.
Distrihtion
Trinidad
(B. W. I.).

Culex
1906

C&z

Dyar

1910

Theobald,

1915

Howard,

1918

Dyar,

1925

Bonne

(Microculex)

C Knab,
Mon.

Dyar
Ins.

J.

Cul.,

N.

& Knab,

Ins.

Menu.,

1928

Dyar,

Rozeboom

Mos.

Am.,

Dyar & Kmb,

jenningsi
Ent.

Sot.,

15

1906.

204.

615.

Mon.,

C Bonne-Wepster,

1950

Y.

109

Mos.

443.

1925 Dyar,

Sur.,

id.,

13

177.

244.

356.

& Komp,

Proc.

Ent.

SOP. Wmh.,

52

155.

Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, uniform, blackish. Palpus four

times the length of clypeus.
Thorax : Mesonotum with brown scales, on prcscutellar region they arc
white.
Legs dark, femora white underneath. Joints with white spots. Tarsi with
broad white rings on hind pair only.
Abdomen dark, basal whit,e spots on tergites II-IV
and basolat,eral white
spots on all tergites. Sternites dark with basal whit#e bands.

SE

TT

Nab - Genitalia : (fig. 522). Basistyle with a patch of straight and hooked
setae on inner internal margin ; apical lobe nude except for a preapical slender
seta and two long apical hooked setae, the lower one shorter. Ninth tergite with
plane interlobar space, the lobes elongate and bearing three or four setae each. Mesosome with developed and curved hook.
Pupa - Unknown.

523.

522.
Fig. 522. -

525.

Dyar & Knab, 1906; fig. 523. Culex (MicroCulex (Microculex)

eonsolator
Dyar & Knab, 1908.
e&x)
hedys
Root, 1927; fig. 525. Male genitalia. Basistyle ; ninth tergite and mesosome of consolator.
(Based on Rozeboom &
is original).
Romp, 1950, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52; figs. 9 and 12; figure of consolator
Culex

(Mieroculex)

jenningsi

Larva - Dyar (1928) : - Head elliptical, wider than long ; antennae slender, a tuft at the outer fourth, the part beyond slightly more slender ; upper headhair in four, lower single, both long, anteantennal tuft multiple, short. Lateral
comb of the eighth segment of many spines in a patch. Air-tube long and slender,
straight, somewhat flared at base, about twelve times the basal width, pecten on
the basal fifth, sparse and open, followed by three minute tufts or single hairs.
Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate, the ventral brush posterior ;
dorsal tuft two long hairs on each side. Anal gills about as long as the segment,
tapered.
Tzjpe locality - Panama,
Canal,Zone
Tabernilla.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Panama.

Culex
1927
1928
1935
1950

(Microculex)

hedys

C&z Root, Am. J. Hyg., 7 : 584.

Dyar, Mos. Am., 353.
PesaGa & GalvBo, Rev. Biol. Hyg., 6 : 84.
Rozeboom & Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52

Root, 1927.

153.

Female and pupa Unknown.

iVale - Palpus dark, exceeding proboscis by length of last segment.
Mesonotum with+ coppery scales, a few pale ones antgriorly ; two longitudinal bare lines ; a few pale scales on prescutellar portion.
Legs dark ; hind tibia with a narrow white spot at base ; tarsi with narrow
white rings on hind ones only.
Abdomen dark brown dorsally, with basolateral white triangular marks.

Genitalia - (fig. 523). Basistyle wiht columnar process moderate ; setae

a and b inserted at apex and at nearly the same level, hooked, another shorter
hooked seta inserted on a distinct tubercle and a mass of short hairs, many of them
hooked also two pairs of differentiated short, pointed setae. Mesosome with a
downcurved tooth on each side. Ninth tergites with broad, plane interlobar space,
the lobes three times as long as wide, fingershapcd and with three setae.
Larva - PessBa & Galvao (1935) : - Cabeca mais larga do que comprida.
Antenas longas, recobertas de finos ~610s ; tufo antenal no l/4 apical, corn cerca
de 14 cerdas ; no spice 3 cerdas grossas, ladeadas por urn espinho curto. Tufo
cefalco inferior reduzido a uma longa cerda cerda simples ; tufo cefalico superior
corn 5 cerdas simples ; tufo anteantenal corn 5 ou 6 cerdas simples ; tufo subantenal
diminuto.
Placa labial 8 + 1 + 8.
Sifao respiratorio (fig. 524) 9,5 vQzes mais longo que largo. Ka face dorsal
e ventral notamos urn p&en corn 9 dentes agudos, urn tufo corn 5 cerdas na porgZo
mediana e 1 tufo pequeno de 2 cerdas, de cada lado da linha mediana, no l/6 distal.
P&ten do 80 segment0 corn escamas longas, nuas, e em forma triangular. Segmento
anal corn o comprimento igual a largura. Tufo dorsal corn 4 longas cerdas ; escova
dorsal corn numerosas e longas cerdas.
Type locality Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis. Type in
U. S. N. M.
Dishibution
Brad,
Stat,es of Rio de Janeiro and S. Paulo.

Culex
1951

Culex

(Microculex)

Lane

& Whitman,

Lane & Whitman,

reducens

Rev.

Bras.

Biol.,

11

1951.

354.

Female Unknown.
Male - Palpal segment II with a white ring, other characters as in C. consolator.
Genitalia : (fig. 531). Basistyle having the apical lobe with a protuberant
columnar process, the two setae with hooked apex and also with small setae at
base of lower margin ; upper division near columnar process, formed by a protuberance having a thicker seta followed by two slender ones. Dististyle long, nearly
as long as basistyle. Ninth tergite with elongate lobes, three times the basal width,
with three or' four small setae.
Pupa Tube (fig. 532), elongate, a little thicker at base, attenuated in the
middle, expanded at apex, with a darker ring before bsse and at apes. Cephalothorax with a triple dorsal tuft.
,4bdomen with segments IV and V with B of four or five branhes ; C in segment III of four branches and more than half as long as segment ; B of \I with
multiple tufts and less than half as long as segment.
Larva - Siphon (fig. 533) wit,h twelve to fifteen times basal width and with
seven to nine very small tufts formed by three or four hairs placed beyond the
pecten, such tufts are more lateral than ventral. Anal segment with hind margin
of plate spiculose ; lateral tuft of anal segment with two or three hairs.
Type locality - Brad,
Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Type in U. S. S. L-I.
Distribution Brasil,
State of Rio de Janeiro.

Culex
1935

Culex

1950

Rozeboom

1961

Lane

IV

(Microculex)

Pesda

& Galdo,

& Kemp,

& Whitman,

Proc.
Rev.

Pess8a & Calv50, 1933.

: 86.
52 : 136.

woroutzowi

Rev.

Biol.

Ent.

Bras.

Sot.
Biol.,

Hyg.,

Wash.,
11

353.

Female - Similar to C. consohtor except for the narrow rings on segments

and V of the hind tarsi.
Male Similar to C. consolator.

c c

524

I. E s

Genitalia : (fig. 528). Basistyle with columnar process bearing a few setae
upper division of apical lobe with seven or eight setae inserted on a protuberance.
Ninth tergites with the lobes rounded and bearing a few setae.

Fig.
528. (Microculex)
phyllus
Root,
86;
Lane
&
7: fig. 12).

538.

5 31.

528.

(Microculex)
worontzowi
lrs~&~
& Galv50,
1935;
Culex
Culex
reducens
Lane
& Whitman,
1951;
fig.
538.
(Based
on Pessaa
& Galvlo,
1927.
Male
genitalia.
11
351
and Root,
Whitman,
1951,
Rev.
Bras.
Biol.,

fig.
531.
(Mirroculex)
Rev.
Biol.
1927,
Am.

G&x
microHyg.,
6
J. Rye..

PUQU Tube (fig. 529) thick and expanded at apes, with a darker ring
before base.
Abdomen with segment II having hair C triple or four branched, the elements
slender ; IV and V with long setae R.
Larva - Siphon (fig. 530) very variable and from seven to sixteen times basal
width, tufts formed by five or six pairs of tufts divided into four to six branches
and bearing also a subapical pair of hairs. Lateral tuft of anal segment double,
rarely triple.
Type locality Bras&
State of S. Paulo, Tabatinguara
and Cantareira.
Type in F. M. S. P.
Distribution - Brad.
Sitates of S. Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

Culex
1908

Culex

Dyar

1915 Howard,

(Microculex)
& Knab,

Dyar
Ins.

Proc.

& Knab,

1918

Dyar,

Ins.

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

1937

Lane

1950

Rozeboom

1951

Lane

& Whitman,

syn.

1927

Cukx

Mens.,

Mon.,

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

Am.,

Dyar & Knab, 1908.

consolator

Biol.

Sot.

Wash.,

19

169.

3 : 439.

109.

Mos.

Sm.,

243.

351.

& GuimarTies,

9n.

& Komp,

Paul.

Proc.
Bol.

trynchnua

Bras.

Root,

Med.

Ent.

Sot.

B~ol.,
Am.

J.

& Cir.,

33

Wash.,
11

Hyg.,

52

: 212.
: 155.

352.
7

585.

Female - Palpus five times as long as clypeus with white band. Abdominal
tergites with basal white bands. Hind tarsi with white markings on IV and \over more than half the segment.

CULEX

525

---

M;aZe Genitalia : (fig. 525). Basistyle with moderate columnar process,

setae a and b hooked and inserted at same level, a straight seta below ; upper
division with three to five setae of which one of them is hooked, and also a long
leaf. Mesosome with a downcurved pointed tooth. Ninth tergites with wide,
slightly concave interlobar space, the lobes wider than high, rounded, with four
or five setae.
Pupa - Tube (fig. 526) with a darker ring near base, twelve times the basal
width, the apex slightly expanded.
Larva - Head with hairs 5 to 7 in long, developed tufts ; capsule darker on
a narrow posterior border. Siphon (fig. 527) ten times basal width, with four tufts
beyond pecten of four to six branches. Plate of anal segment spiculose on posterior
margin ; dorsal setae (1 + 1) ; lateral tufts four to six branched.
Type Zoculity - Trinidad
(B. W. I.). Type in U. S. N. M.
States of S. Paulo and Rio de
Distribution - Trinidad
(R. W. I.) : I3rasil,
Janeiro.

_i

Culex
1942 Culex hduze,

(Microculex)

kukenan

Rev. 5. & As. Sot., 7 (4)

Anduxe, 1942.

558.

Female - Anduze (1942) : Proboscide moderadamente delgada, ensanchada

en el &Dice, castafio con reflejos broncineos. Palpos muy cortos, negros. Antenas
con pelos ralos, castaiios y dureos. Ojos negros. Clipeo y torulas de intcgumento
c,astafio. V&ice
con cerdas recumbentes, &ureas. Occipucio con escamas chatas,
hirsuto. L6bulos protortlcicos casgris&ceas y escamas erectas, negruzcas. T6rx
taiios ; mesonotum castado con una pequefia mancha de escamas gris&ce:ts en la
base anterior de las alas. Scutellum con escamas doradas. Metanotum dc integumcnto castafio. Alas transparentes, las venas revestidas de escamas dclgadas,
broncineas. Pleuras claras, oscuras hacia el mesonotum. Coxalcs amarillentos.
Patas uniformemente castafio bronceado en el dorso, muy claras ventral, desde
1:ts coxales hasta 10s tarsos. Una mancha blanca, pcquefia en el &pice inferior de
la tibia posterior. Abdomen con las tergitas uniformcmente castafio bronceado \
las esternites pglidas. No se notan anillos de niguna naturaleza.
Macho : Palpos delgados, algo m&s largos que la proboscide. Coloraci6n
igual a la hembra pero con escamitas niveas en las pleuras cerca de 10s cosales.
Hipopigio : (fig. 568). Pieza lateral sub-oval con bordes exteriores convexos. Divisi6n intcrna de1 16bulo una columna achatada con dos espinas largas y gruesas y
otra tan larga pero m&s delgada. Precede y sobrepasa la base de la columna, una
gran mancha de tub&culos setiferos que casi oscurccen la divisi6n esterna de1
16bulo donde ~610 se nota una cerda larga y fuerte. Clasper ancho, relativamente
corto, recurvado en el Spice donde tiene un apendice achatado. DBcima esternita
pectinada. Novena tergita muy delgada con dos 16bulos digitiformes bien separados,
coronados por dos cerdas. Placa de1 mesosoma sinuosa con Bngulos prominent,es,
uno recurvado en forma de cuerno, el apendice retrosecivo muy delgado con cinco
protuberancias que asemejan espinas de rosa y otra igual cerca de1 Bngulo dorsal.
Pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - Venezuela.
Gran Sabana, Surukum. Type in Instit.uto de
Higiene in Caracas.
Distribution -- Venezuela,
Gran Sabana.

Culex
1906
1915
1918
1925
1928

(Microcules)

inimitabilis

inimitabilis

Dyar & Knab, 1906.

Culex Dyar & Knab, J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 14 : 221.

Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mon., 3 : 449.
Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 : 110 ; 1923 Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, id., 11
Bonne t Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 252.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 354.

125.

1933 Antunea $ Lane, Rev. Biol. Hyg., 4 : 26 ; 1935 Pes&a & Galvz?io,id.,
1950 Rozeboom & Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52 : 156.
1951 Lane & Whitman, Rev. Brs. Biol., 11 : 361.

6 : 86.

Female - Proboscis dark. Palpus five times as long as clypeus. Mesonotum

brown scaled, a few white ones on anterior and lateral margins. Abdominal tergites with basolateral white spots. Tarsi dark.
Mule Palpus longer than proboscis. Abdomen with larger basolateral
spots. Other characters as in female.
Genitalia : (fig. 534). Basistyle with the two setae of columnar process
curved ; upper division with two setae near columnar process, a leaf, a seta and
two additional setae. Hooks of mesosome strongly curved. Ninth tergite with
the lobes three times basal width, elongate.

541.
1906 ; fig. 544.
neglectus
Lutz, 1904 ; Epig. 541. Culex
(Microculex)
aphylactus
Male genitalia.
Basistyle and ninth tergites. (Based on Rozemboom & Komp,
from Lane & Whitman,
1950, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52: figs. 19 and 20; fig. of neglectus
1951, Rev. Bras. Biol., 11: 351).

Fig. 534.
Culex

Culex

(Microeulex)

inimitabilis

inimitabilis

Dyar

&

Knab,

(Microculex)

Root1927.

Pupa - Tube narrowed in the middle, bulbous at base, expanded at apex,

darker in the middle.
Abdomen with darker spots on segments III-IV
and with rounded light markings in middle of III.
Hairs B and C double and a little shorter than segment
in II ; III-V with B double and longer than segment ; VI with B formed by a tuft
of six hairs less than half as long as segment.
Larva Hind margin of head with a dark spot, hair 7 multiple.
Siphon
eight to ten times basal width, with four or five pairs of small tufts beyond pecten.
Anal segment longer than broad.
Type locality Trinidad
(B. W. I.). Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Trinidad
: Skinam
: Venezuela : Bras& Middle Coastal
States, S. Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Para.

Culex
1951 C&z

(Microculex)

inimitabilis

fuscatus

Lane & Whitman, Bol. Bras. Blol., 11

361.

Lane & Whitman,

1951..

Female - Similar to the typical form except the abdomen which does not
have basolateral white spots.
Mule Similar to typical form except that the lobes of the ninth tergite
are slightly longer.
Pupa - Tube similar to typical form, (fig. 535).
Abdomen (fig. 536) with a darker stripe on dorsal portion of segments II-IV,
in II and III with two rounded light spots inside darker areas. Hair B of III very
long, nearly twice the length of segment, in IV and V double, in VI formed by a
tuft of six hairs less than half as long as segment.
Larva (fig. 537). Head with hairs 7 in six branches. Posterior cephalic
dark spot not reaching margin. Siphon twelve times basal width, with four small
tufts beyond pecten. Anal segment longer than broad, the tuft very small.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro, D. F. - Type in U. S. X. hL.
LXslribution Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro.

Culex

(Microculex)

restrictor

Dyar & Knab, 1906.

1906 C&z Dyar & Knab, J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 14 : 208.

1915 Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mon., 3 : 331.
1918 Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 : 102 ; 1923 Dyar, id., 11 : 189 ; 1925 Dyar. id., 13
Dyar, Mos. Am., 348.
1935 Martini, Dep. Sal. Pub., Mos. Mexico, 60.
1950
Roreboom & Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52 : 155.
syn. 1908 Cukc consternutorDyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 35 : 59.

169 ; I928

Female - Proboscis a little longer than fore femur, dark brown, expanded
at apex. Palpus three times as long as clypeus, dark brown.
Antenna filiform,

549.

Fig. 54i.

Cnlex

Dyar & Knab, 1906;

fig. 549. CT&X
rejectOr
Dysr L Knab, 1906; fig. 550. Cnlex (Microcules)
Lane $ Whitman, 1943.
Male genitalia.
Basistyles; ninth tergite and
mesosome of stonei.
(Based on Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, Proc. Ent. Eoc.
Wash., 52 : figs. 16 and 17 ; fig. of stonei from Lane & Whitman, 1943, Rer.
Ent. 14 fig. 17).
(Microculex)

(Microculex)

stonei

restrictor

slightly longer than proboscis. Occiput with slender scales, brown with broader
brown ones intermixed, ocular margin white and united with the patch of white
scales on mentum.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe light brown with brown setae. Mesonotum with
brown integument, lighter on the sides ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae in rows ;
covered with brown scales except anteriorly and on sides where they are white.
Scutellum brown scaled with 3-5-3 setae. Pleura blackish yellow.
Legs brown except femora which are internally whitish.
Abdomen : Tergites dark brown except verv small baso lateral white spots ;
sternite whitish, the colors separated on the sides-in a straight line.
Male - Palpus dark brown, slightly longer than proboscis. Antenna shorter
than proboscis and strongly plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 547). Basistyle wit,h elongate columnar process ending in
setae a and b which are hooked, a inserted before b ; between the columnar process
and upper division some slender setae ; upper division of six setae which are very
united and inserted in a protuberance, one of them smaller the other larger, both
pointed, the remaining four setae foliaceous. Mesosome with hooks slightly curved.
Ninth tergite with rounded and sparsely setose lobes.
(fig. 548). Hairs B long and double on segments III and V. Tuft
Pupa -4 double and short in VI, triple in ITI1 and multiple in VIII.

Fig. 548. -

Culex (Microeulex)

restrictor

Dyar

& Knab,

1906.

Pupa.

Original,

Larva - Howard, Dvar k Knab (1915) : - Head rounded, widest thorugh

eyes, somewhat narrowed in front ; antennae long and stout, tuft almost at outer
fourth, part beyond more slender ; upper pair of head-hairs long, in threes ; lower
very long and single.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.4 - 3 - 1.1.1 - 3. Siphon eight
times basal width, with five single hairs. Anal segment ringed by the plate and as
long as wide ; dorsal hairs (1 + 1).
Type locality - Mexico,
Oaxaca, Almoyola. Type lost ?.
I)isfribution Mexico : Costa
Rica.

Culex

(RSicrocuIex)

davisi

1933 Cdez Kumm, Bul. Ent. Res., 24 : 561.

1950 Rozeboom & Kemp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52

&mm,

1933.

150.

Female - Proboscis dark, slightly longer t.han fore femur. Palpus four times
as long as clypcus. Occiput with broad, golden, forked scales.
Thorax : Mesonotum brown ; covered with slender broad scales ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and prealar setae developed, long and in rows. Scutellum with
3-6-3 setae.
Legs dark, femora whitish ventrally as well as femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal
joints which are whitish.
Abdomen with blackish tcrgites except for large basolateral spots which
can form bands.
Male - Proboscis blackish, longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than proboscis by nearly the length of the last two segments which arc acuminate, white
at base. Antenna moderately plumose.

x9

CULBX

Genitalia:
(fig. 560). Basistyle with columnar process elongate, with seta a
inserted beyond b, both pointed, four setae below ; a distinct upper lobe with two
long setae above and two shorter ones below, a small seta basally. Ninth tergites
with interlobar space concave, the lobes rounded, broader than long and with
five or six setae.

560.
Big. 560. -

561.

559.

Kumm, 1935; fig. 561. Culex

(Microeulex)
daumastoeampa
Dyar & Knsb, 1908; fig. 559. Culer
(Microculex)
albipes
Lutz, 1904;
Male genitalia.
Basistyles ; mesosome and ninth tergite. (first two drawings based on
Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52 : figs. 22 and 23; figure of daumasoriginal).
tocampa,
Culex

(Mieroculex)

davisi

Pupa - Tube flared at apex, with a black ring before base. Abdomen with
first three segments slightly darker in the middle. Hair R simple and shorter than
segment in II ; in III double and shorter than segment ; in IV-V double and nearly,
twice as long as segment ; in VI double and one and a half times the length of
segment ; in VII very short and double. Paddle two and a half times the length
of segment VIII and ending in two or three hairs, very slightly spiculose at apex.
Larva - Head broader than long, the mesial tuft multiple. Antenna as long
as head, spiculose on basal two thirds, a tuft of three or four branches beyond the
middle which is attenuated.
Prothoracic hair formula 3.1.1 2 1.1.2 1. Siphon five times the
basal width, uniform, pecten on basal third with seventeen teeth ; threaTairs
of three branched tufts beyond the pecten ; dorsal tuft with three long setae.
Eighth segment with thirty or forty scales in three or four rows. Anal plate broader
than long, with sparse dorsoposterior spicules ; dorsal hairs (1 + 1) ; lateral hairs
double, long and slender.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Baia, Silo Salvador. Type in 13. M.
D&&&.&on
Bra&l,
State of Baia.

Culex
1904
1907
1908

1918
1925
1928
1950
1951

(Microculex)

neglectus

CuZez Lutz, (in Bourroul), Mos. Brazil, 27.

Theobald. Mon. Cul., 4 : 459.
Perysssb, OS Cul. Brazil, 212.
Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens.. 6 : 100.
Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 245.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 354.
Rozeboom & Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52
Lane & Whitman, Rev. Bras. Biol., 11 : 364.

156.

Lutz,

1904.

530

CULEX
___--.

--. _~

Female - Palpus three times as long as clypeus. Proboscis, palpus and

mesonotum brown. Abdomen : Tergites dark brown without white scales ; sternites whitish ; the colors separated on the sides in a straight line.
Mule - Similar to female, the palpus slightly shorter than proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 544). Upper division of apical lobe with a very slender leaf ;
columnar process densely covered with setae which reach and envelop the leaf.
Dististyle shorter than in other species of subgenus. Mesosome with hooks curved.
Ninth tergite with lobes two and a half times basal width.
Pupa - Tube (fig. 545) slender, strongly sclerotized except at apex.
Abdomen without darker pigmentation on first four segments ; segment III
with hairs B and C simple and as long as segment ; IV and V with B usually simple, occasionally double, always long ; VI with B simple or divided in two, as long
or longer than length of segment.
Larva - Head hair 7 with five to seven branches. Siphon (fig. 546) fourteen
t,imes basal width and more sclerotized than the other species of subgenus, apex
also darker.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Cantareira ?. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Brad,
States of S. Paulo, Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo.

Fig. 569. -

Male genitalia.
CJex
(Mieroenlex)
elongatus
Rozeboom & Komp, 1950.
Basistyle, dististyle and two aspects of mesosome, also ninth tergites. (Based
on Rozeboom & Romp, 1950, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash. 52: 148, figs. 1, 2, 8
and 4).

531

CTJLEX

Culex

(Microculex)

elongatus

Rozeboom & Komp, 1950.

: 147.

1950 Culez Rozeboom & Komp. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52

Female Similar to C. neglectus but with large, distinct white patches on

abdominal tergites.
Male - Similar to C. neglectus. Abdominal tergites with broad basal bands
on terminal segments.
Genitalia : (fig. 569). Columnar process with setae a and b stout, hooked
at apex, two setae below the moderate columnar process ; upper lobe with six
elements, a leaf, two long setae and a short one on one side and two slender setae
on the other ; between the setae and columnar process a long, stout, hooked seta.
Mesosome with the hooks long and slightly bent. Ninth tergite knoblike, twice as
long as wide, with two or three setae at apex.
Pupa - Tube broad, flared at apex, slightly darker in the middle.
Larva - (fig. 569 A). Head broader than long ; hair 4 small, 5 triple 6 single,
long, 7 multiple, 8 and 9 multiple. Antenna with tuft at base of distal third, spiculose before tuft, part beyond it nude and attenuated.
Body nude. Segment VIII with many scales in several rows. Siphon very
long and slender, fourteen times its basal width, the pecten at base ; a short double
tuft in the middle and a small apical hair dorsally and another ventrally.
Anal
segment ringed by the plate, longer than broad ; dorsal hairs (1 + 1) ; lateral hair
small and multiple.
Type locality - Colombia : Meta, Acacias. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Colombia,
Meta.

Culex

1927
1928
1950
1951

(Microculex)

aphylact

Culex Root, Am. J. Hyg., 7 : 584.

Dyar, Mos. Am., 352.
Rozeboom & Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52
Lane & Whitman, Bol. Bras. BIOI., 11 : 363.

us Root,

1927.

156.

Female - Palpus three times the length of clypeus. Mesonotum dark, with
a tendency for white scaling on anterolateral margins. Abdomen dark with basolateral white spots.
Male - Palpus slightly longer than proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 541). Basistyle with two pairs of elements formed by two
setae mesially and a leaf and a seta laterally in the outer division ; on the line
from base of inner division to the leaf a strong and a rather fine seta. Ninth tergites
somewhat convergent, the lobes three times as high as wide. Hooks of mesosome
pointed and not bending back sharply.
Pupa - Tube simple, without apical flaring, evenly sclerotized (fig. 542).
Abdominal segments I and II with light sclerotization but unspoted. Segment
III with a single fine hair, B half as long as segment, C double and nearly three
fourths as long as segment. Hair B of IV and V usually double, rarely single or
triple ; hair B of VI double or triple and as long as segment.
Larva - Siphon as in fig. 543. Similar to C. microphyllus.
Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro, rio Soberbo. Type in
Type locality U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro.

Culex

(Microculex)

microphyllus

1927 Culex Root, Am. J. Hyg., 7 : 586.

1950 Rozeboom t Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52
1951 Lane & Whitman, Rev. Bras. Biol., 11 : 362.

Root, 1927.

156.

Female - Proboscis dark. Palpus two or three times the length of clypeus.
Mesonotum uniformly brown, without white markings.
Abdomen dark with

632
--

0
-

-.-_.-.__

TJ

_-

basolateral white spots occasionally forming bands. Legs dark, the femoro tibia1
joints white.
MnZe - Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of last joint.
Genitalia : (fig. 538). Basistyle with columnar process divided at apex to
recieve separately setae a and b which are hooked ; below apex with short, straight
setae, above with a broad, short leaf and two setae, all of them inserted on separate
tubercles. Mesosome with plates extending well beyond retrose hooks which are
rather stubby and end in a recurved point. Ninth tergites knoblike and roughly
one and a half times as high as broad.
Pupa - (fig. 539). With a peculiar sclerotization on segment II of abdomen
which encloses two spots. A small patch of light pigmentation on segment III.
Tubes simple, tubular, with two sclerotized bands.
Larva - Head with hair 7 of two to four branches. Siphon (fig. 540) slender
and from ten to thirteen times basal width, bearing a central and a subapical pair
of very fine lateral t#ufts. Anal plate longer than wide ; lateral tuft microscopic.
Gills twice as long as anal plate.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro.

Culex
1951

Culex

Lane

(Microculex)
& Whitman,

carioca

Rev.

Bras.

Biol.,

11

Lane & Whitman,

: 355.

1951.

Female - Palpus twice the length of clypeus. Mesonotum with two broad
silvery stripes which are approximate anteriorly and do not invade the central
portion which is dark and separated in a straight line. Scutellum with silvery
scales. Abdomen with basal white bands on tergites. Hind t,arsi with basal white
rings, on segment IV over less than half the segment.
Mule Palpus dark.

,
3 69.

Pig.
culex)
phyllus

521.

(Microculex)
inimitabilis
fuscatus
Lane
Root,
1927;
fig. 543. -

Cnlex
(Microculex)
Dyar
& Knab,
1950.
Larva.
359 and a few

562.

Culex
(Micro1951,
fig. 537.
Culex
(Microculex)
mieroCulex
(Microculex)
aphylactus
Root,
1927;
fig. 546. negleetus
Lutz,
1904
fig. 562. Culex
(Microculex)
daumastocampa
1908
fig. 569.
A. Culex
(Microculex)
elongatus
Rozeboom
& Komp.
(Based
on Lane
& Whitman,
1951,
Rev. Bras.
Biolo..
11 (3)
Siphon.
original
drawings).

~ulex

carioca
Lane
& Whitman,

& Whitman,
540.
1951;

CULEX

53

Genitalia : (fig. 519). Basistyle with columnar process bearing two strong,
pointed setae ; at base and over this process there are developed setae which
become sparse as they reach basistyle ; apex of basistyle with a thicker seta ;
upper division with a secondary patch of fewer but thicker setae. Hooks of mesosome pointed and slightly curved.
Pupa - Tube (fig. 520) as in C. imitator imitator.
Abdomen with hair C with two long branches. Segments IV and V with
hair B of two or three long branches, in VI in two to four feathered branches half
as long as segment.
Larva - Prothoracic hair formula x.x.x - 2 - 1.1.1 - 1. Siphon (fig. 521)
with a dark ring at apex.
Type Zoculity - Brad,
Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Brad,
Rio de Janeiro.

Culex

(Microculex)

1907 Culex Dyar & Knab, J. N. Y.

1910 Theobald, Mon. Cul., 5 : 615.

gaudeator
sot., 15:

Dyar c%Knab, 1907.

204.

Female Proboscis dark, as long as fore femur. Palpus twice as long as

clypeus. Antenna as long as proboscis. Occiput with narrow black scales and
broad white ones intermixed.
Thorax with brown integument.
Pronotal lobe with silvery scales. Mesonotum with brown integument and bronzy scales, on each side a curved coma
shaped pattern of silvery scales and additional ones on the sides to root of wing ;
prescutellar region with silvery scales. Scutellum silvery scaled. Pleura with silvery
scales and setae, the posterior pronotum with dark ones.
Legs dark ; femora whitish ventrally ; femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal joints
white. Mid tarsi with narrow basal white rings. Hind tarsi with broad white
rings at base of segments.
Abdomen blackish. Tergites with basolateral white spots.
Mule - Dyar & Knab (1907) : - Palpi long and very slender, nearly as
long as proboscis, black scaled without white ringa ; abdomen dark scaled with
distinct bronzy luster and with narrow basal segmentary white bands, which
become dilated at the sides, beneath uniformly silvery white, except, the extreme
apex.
Genitalia : Unknown.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Panama,
Canal Zone, Tabernilla.
Type in U. S. N. 3%.
Distribution Panama.

Culex
1903
1906
1908
1915
1916
1918
1925
1927
1928
1931
1931
1935
1950
1951

(Microculex)

imitator

imitator

Theobald, 1903.

Culez Theobald, Mon. CU., 3 : 175.

Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Sot. Wash., 19 : 170.
Peryassb, OS Cul. Brazil, 193.
Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mon., 3 : 430.
Lima, Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 8 : 48.
Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 : 116 ; 1923 Dyar, id., 11 : 71 ; 1923 Bonne t Bonne-Wepster, id ,
12: 183 ; 1924 Dyar, id., 12 : 183 ; 1925 Dyar, id., 13 : 177.
Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 254.
Root, Am. J. Hyg., 7 : 582.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 357.
Shannon, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 33 : 8.
Kumm, Bul. Ent. Res., 24 : 262.
Galvao & Pee&a, Rev. Biol. Hyg ., 6 : 86.
Rozeboom & Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52 : 155.
Lane & Whitman, Rev. Bras. Biol., 11 : 356.

534

rryn.

CULEX

1906 Culex daumusturua Dyar-& Knab, J.-N. Y.

,Ent. Sot., 14 : 220.
1906 Culez vectw Dyar &iKnab, ibd., 14 : 220.
1907 dficroculez aTgenteOU?nbTOSUSTheobald, Mon. Cul., 4 : 461.
1923 Microculex marajocnsis Peryassd, A FI. Med., 4:: 76.

Female * - Palpus twice as long asrclypeus.

Buccopharynx (fig. 513).
Mesonotum
with a silvery pattern, the lateral margins of it broad and with
projections advancing towards the middle and center, there are broad lateral
stripes which, from the anterior portion, reach twofthirds
the length of disk.
Abdominal tergites with basal white bands. Tarsi with large basal white rings.

1
513.

565.

527.

530.

533.

515.

518.

524.

Fig. 513. Culex (Microculex)

imitator
Theobald, 1903.
Buccopharynx.
Original.
Fig. 515. Culex (Microculex)
imitator
retrosus
Lane & Whitman, 1951;
fig. 518. Culex (Microculex)
dubitans
Lane & Whitman, 1951; fig. 524. - Culex (Microculex)
hedys
Root, 1927; fig. 527. Culex (Microeulex)
consolator
Dyar & Knab, 1908; fig. 530. Culex
(Microculex)
fig. 533. Culex (Microculex)
worontzowi
Pess6a & Galvao, 1935;
redacens
Lane & Whitman, 1951; fig 565. Culex
(Microculex)
chryselatus
Dyar &
(Based on Lane & Whitman, 1951, Rev. Bras. Biol.,
Knab, 1919.
Larva.
Siphon.
11 (3) : 359 and a few original drawings).

_iWaEeGenitalia (fig. 512) with two hooked setae on columnar process,

below it one or two straight setae ; between the columnar process nearly to apex,
rows of long setae bent distally. Mesosome with the hooks slight,ly curved. Tenth
sternites with about t,en teeth. Ninth tergites with the lobes rounded.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Prothoracic hair formula x.x.x - 2 - 1.1 .l. - 1. Siphon nine times
the basal width, with four or five tufts beyond the pecten. Anal segment without
spicules on posterior margin and always longer than broad ; lateral tuft of four
to six very small hairs.
Type locality - Bras& State of S. Paula, Cantareira ? Type in B. M.
Distribution Bras&
States of S. Paula, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Minas
Gerais : Panama : Colombia : Venezuela : Trinidad
: Guianas : Argentina, Northeast.
* The species of this subgenus are so similar, in many of their characters, that
only a different#ial diagnosis is necessary.

535

CULEX

imitator
imitator
Theobald, 1903;
fig. 514. Culex
Lane 62 Whitman, 1951;
fig. 516. Culex (Microculex)
fig. 519. Culex
(Microcnlex)
carioca
Lane &
Lane & Whitman,
1951;
Whitman, 1951.
Male genitalia.
Basistyles; mesosome and ninth tergite.
(Based on
Lane & Whitman, 1951, Rev. Bras. Biol., 11 (3) : 351).

Fig.

Cnlex (Microeulex)

512. -

(Microculex)
dubitans

Culex

imitator

retrosus

(Microculex)

imitator

retrosus

1951 CvIez Lane & Whitman, Rev. Bras. Biol., 11

Lane & Whitman,

1951.

356.

Female Similar to typical form.

Mule Genitalia : (fig. 514). S imilar to the typical form except that the
hooks of mesosome are strongly curved.
Pupa - Tube (fig. 515) darker before base, uniform, twelve times the basal
width. Abdomen with hair B almost as long as segment and with three or four
branches in III ; in IV and V long and four branched ; in VI much longer than
segment and also four branched ; hair C strong, double and as long as segment
in III.
Larva - Similar to the typical form except that the prothoracic hair formula
is x.x.x 3 1.2.1 2.
Type Zocality - Brad,
Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro.

Culex

(Microculex)

dubitans

1951 Culex Lane & Whltman, Rev. Bras. Biol., 11

Lane & Whitman,

: 357.

1951.

Female and male - Similar to C. imitador imitador.

Genitalia : (fig. 516). Basistyle with upper division bearing a semilunar patch
of setae in the middle of distance between the columnar process and the base of
dististyle ; base of columnar process with only one or two setae ; setae a and b
deformed at apex and one of them a little below the other. Mesosome with strongly
recurved hooks. Ninth tergite with low and conical lobes.
Pupa - Tube (fig. 517) elongate, a darker ring before base, darker at apex,
fifteen times basal width and slightly expanded at apex.
Abdomen with a darker stripe from segments II to IV. Segment II with
hair B a small tuft ; C divided into two strong setae ; IV with B in two or three
long branches.
Larva - Differs from C. imitutor imitator in prothoracic hair formula which
is x.x.x - 2 - 1.1.1. - 1. Siphon (fig. 518) with a dark ring at apex.
Type locality - Brad,
Rio de Janeiro, D: F. Type in U. S. N. M.
Brad,
Rio de Janeiro.
Distribution -

526

%O

535

53

532

532

539

Lane si Whitman, 1951; fig. 520. Culcx

& Whitman,
1951; fig. 526. Culex
(Microculex)
Cukx (Microcul~x)
worontzowi
Pessh
b
Knab, 1908;
fig. 529. Oalvgo, 1935; fig. 532. Culex
(Microcul~x)
reducers
Lane & Whitman, 1961;
fig. 535.
Lane & Whitman, 1951; fig. 539. Culex
Culex
(Microculex)
inimitabilis
fuscatus
(Microculex)
micropbyllus
Root, 1927 ; fig. 542. Culex (Microculer)
apbylactus
Root,
Culex (Microouler)
neglectus
Lutz, 1904; fig. 551. Cnlex (Micro1927; fig. 645. culex)
stouei Lane & Whitman,
1943. fig. 558. Culer (Microculex)
aurcus Lane
86
Whitman, 1951; fig. 564. - Culex (Microculex)
cbryselatus
Dyar & Knab, 1919; fig. 567.
Breathing
tubes.
Fig.
536.
Cules
Culex (Microculex)
pleuristriatus
Lutz,
1903.
First abdominal
Pupa.
inimitabilis
fnscatus
Lane & Whitman,
1951.
(Microculex)
segments. (Most drawings based on Lane & Whitman, 1951, Rev. Bras. Biol., 11: 351,
figs. 11 to 23 ; others are criginal)
.
Fig.
517.
Culex
Culex
(Microculex)
consolator
Dyar &

(Microeulex)
carioca
Lane

dubitans

Culex
lQO8 Culez

(Microculex)

Dyar

1915

Howard,

1918

Dyar.,

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar,

IQ50

Rozeboom

& Knab,

Dyar
Ins.

Mens.,

& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.

Am.,

V.

Mon.,
6

537

Dyar & Kmb,

daumastocampa

Proc.

& Knab,

Ins.

109
Mos.

S. Nat.
3

Mus.,

35

1908.

58.

435.

1923 Dyar,

Sur.,

id.,

11

179.

245.

355.

& Komp,

Proc.

Ent.

SOP. Wash.,

52

154.

Yemale Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, dark brobvn. Palpus
two and a half times the length of clypeus, the color of proboscis. Occiput, with
golden, narrow scales mixed with forked yellow ones, the margins with silvery
scales.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with whit,ish scales. Mesonotum with brown integument, acrostichals an anterior pair, dorsocentrals about, six, very long, proclinate
setae ; covering of bronzy central scales and a lateral line of golden ones which
are united anteriorly, there are also white scales on prescutellar region. Scutellum
wit,h white scales on mid lobe and 3-5-3 setae. Pleura light brown with a darker
median stripe.
Legs : Fcmora whitish internally and at apex ; tibiae white at apex ; with
very small basal white spots on first three segments of hind tarsi.
Abdomen : Tergites brown with large basolateral whit,e spots.
Mule Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, blackish. Palpus foul
fifths the length of proboscis, blackish. ,4ntenna a little shorter than palpus.
Genitalia : (fig. 561). Rasistyle with very short columnar process, seta cz
much smaller than b, both pointed, three short setae below ; above with eight
setae, most of them curved, internally a straight pointed seta. Mesosome with
a retrose curved tooth. Ninth tcrgite with broad interlobar space, the lobes small,
as broad as long and with three or four setae.
Pupa Unknown.
Lnrva - (fig. 562). Prothoracic hair formula 1. ?.? - 2 - 1.1.1. 4 very short.
Head rather angularly rounded, wider than long ; antennae
Dyar (1928) : stout, rather large, a tuft at outer third, the part beyond scarcely more slender ;
upper head hair in four, lower single, both long, ante-antenna1 tuft. multiple. Lateral
comb of the eight)h segment of many scales in a patch, the posterior ones large.
Air-tube long and slender, flared at base, about seven times as long as basal width ;
pecten on the basal third of long open spines, followed by four tuftas, all five haired,
approximate on the outer half of the tube, decreasing somewhat in length outwardly.
Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; ventral brush posterior ;
dorsal tuft of two long hairs on each side ; lateral tuft triple, minute. Anal gills
as long as width of segment, slender, pointed.
Type Zoculitg - Panama.
Type in V. S. N. M.
Distdmtion
Panama.

Culex
1904

C&Z

1907

Theobald,

Lutz

1908

PeryassG,

1910

Theobald,

1933

Kumm,

1950

Rozehoom

(in

Bourroul),

Mon.
OS Cul.
Mon.
Bul.
$

(Microculex)

Ent.

Cul.,

Mos.

Brazil,
Cul.,

Res.,

Komp,

alhipes

Brazil,

6.

Sot.

Wash.,

Lutz,

1904.

406.
194.

355.

568.

Proc.

Ent.

52

: 168.

Pemale - Proboscis blackish, slightly longer than fore femur. Palpus three
and a half times the length of clypeus, blackish but with broad white bands. Clypeus blackish. Antenna with yellowish torus, as long as proboscis. Occiput covered
mostly with golden scales.

._,
3s

T_!

T,

I,

Thorax : Pronotal lobe golden scaled. Mesonotum with dark brown integument ; covered with dark scales and a pattern of golden ones ; nude longitudinal
lines between the dorsoccntral and acrostichal setae ; dorsocentrnl setae longer
than the acrostichals. Scutellum with pale scales in the middle.
Legs dark. Femora lighter ventrally.
Femoro-tibia1 and t,ibio tarsal articulation white. Fore and mid tarsi with rings on first three segments. Hind tarsi
with small white rings on first three segments, IV and V white.
Abdomen dark with basolateral rounded white marks. Sternites white at
base and blackish at apex.
Male - Kumm (1933) : - The adult male is indistinguishable in the gross
from the adult male of C. pleuristriatus. The last two tarsal segments are not almost
entirely white, as they are in the female of C. albipes, but have narrow white basal
rings like those of the other tarsi. The other coloration and scale distribution is
the same as that of the adult female of C. alhipes, except that the palpi have white
basal rings of scales on each segment and in the middle of the long segment as well.
In length, the palpi exceed the proboscis by about the length of the last joint.
Genitalia : (fig. 559). Basistyle with columnar process elongate ; seta a
inserted a little before b, both pointed ; short setae below ; a distinct upper lobe
with five straight, setac and another shorter one below. Nint,h tergite with broad,
concave, interlobar space, the lobes rounded and with four slender setae.
Pupa - Unknown.
Larva -- Head broader than long, darker behind, the tufts of four or five
slender branches. Antenna rodlike, very sparsely spiculose, with a single very
short and slender seta beyond the middle.
Thorax : Prothoracic hair formula 1 (long). 2 (slender short). 1 (long) 1 1.2.4/5. Siphon stout, four and a half times the greatest width ; four tufts
of three sctae, the first within t,he pecten, a very small, pointed apical two or
three haired tuft ; a dorsal tuft of three long branches. Pecten with sixteen scales.
Anal segment broader than long, spiculose on posterodorsal margin ; dorsal setae
(1 + 1) ; lateral hair single, long ; ventral tuft sparse. Segment VIII with two
rows of eighteen scales.
lqpe locality -. BraSI,
State of Bafa, S. Salvador. Type in B. M.
&stribution
Brad.
State of Baia.

Culex
1961

Cdes

Lane

(Micraculexj
& Whitman,

Rev.

aureus
Bras.

Biol.,

Lane & Whitman,

1951.

11 : 349.

Female - Proboscis blackish. Palpus four times as long as clypeus. Occiput

with medial golden scales corresponding to central band of mesonotum, lateral
scales a mixture of black forked and white broad ones.
Thorax : Mesonotum brown with a series of stripes of golden scales from
anterior margin to scutellum coalescing into a band which is broader anteriorly
and in posterior third ; prescutellar region divided in two mesio lateral bands
surrounding a patch of brown scales. Scutellum golden scaled.
Legs dark. Hind tarsus I with distinct white markings. The markings of
other hind tarsi progressively indistinct and disappearing on last segment.
Abdomen : Tergites dark with basal white bands.
Male - Similar to female. Palpus longer than proboscis by half the length
of last joint, banded on base of segments II, III and IV. Mesonotum with golden
scaling broader.
Genitalia : (fig. 557). Very similar to davisi and gairus. Outer division of
basistylc a lobe bearing four setae and a small one at base of lobe ; inner division
columnar with two strong, pointed, straight setae. On column near base a seta
and another one just off column. Hooks of mesosome strong but not recurved.
Sinth tergite (not seen).

1,

539

Pupn (fig. 558). Tube longer than other species of this group, blackish
before base, attenuated beyond middle. Ccphalothoras with a long triple seta,
other setae small.
Abdomen with hair B as long as segment in III, quite longer than segment
in IV and V ; in VI double and longer than segment. Paddle three times the
length of segment VIII,
apical spicule strong.

cw-

33

556.

,.

5 :, n

(Microeulex)aureus

Fig.
557.
C&x
Lane
& Whitman,
1951;
(Micr~cule~)
intermedius
Lane 8 Whitman,
1951:
fig. 553. Culex
Root,
1927.
Bssistylc
and
ninth
tergite
of
Male
genitalia.
& Whitman,
1951.
Rev. Bras.
Biol.,
11:
351
figure
of gairus
from
1950
Proc.
Ent.
Sot. Wash.,
52:
fig.
24).

fig.

556.

(Mi~roculex)

gairus.

(Based
Rozehoom

--

C&X
gaims

on Lmne
& Romp,

Larva - Antenna short, uniform, sparsely spiculose and with a single scta
beyond middle. Head darker in a narrow band on hind margin. Hair 4 in four
branches, 5 in six, G in four, 7 a multiple tuft, 8 simple, 9 in a tuft of nine branches
Body spiculose. Prothoracic hair 5 and 6 simple, 7 double, all long, 8 smaller
and divided in eight branches.
Siphon varying in size, thick, posteriorly with three multiple tufts beyond
pecten and decreasing in size, followed by a small simple hair. Anal segment
ringed by the plate which is much broader than long and has a strong spiculosity
formed by pointed elements on hind margin ; dorsal tuft (1 + 1) ; lateral hair
with t$wo or three long branches.
lype locality - Brasil,
State of Rio de Janeiro, I). F. Type in 1;. S. X. M;
State of Rio de Janeiro.
Distribution - Brasil,

CuLex (Microculex)
1906

C&x

Dyar

1915

Howard,

1918

Dyar,

1925

Bonne

1928

Dyar.

1950

Rozeboom

& Knab,

Dyar
Ins.

J.

N.

& Knab,

Ins.

Mens.,

Mon.,
6

8: Bonne-Wepster,
hlos.

Am.,
t

Y.

Dyar 8~ Kn lb, 190;;.

: 221.

rejector
Ent.
3

Sot.,

14

441.

109.

hIos.

SW.,

Ent.

Sot.

245.

356.

Komp,

Proc.

Wash.,

52

: 15.5.

Femde Proboscis longer than fore femur, slightly thickened at apex,

blackish. Palpus two and a half times t,hc length of clypeux. Occiput with golden
erect and curved scales, white ones on ocular margin and menturn.

Thorax : Pronotal lobe golden scaled. Mesonotum with blackish brown

integument ; covered with bronxy scales except on lateral margin where there is
a broad line of golden ones to root of wing, such line advances on its mesial portion,
prescutellar area with whitish scales, setae dark brown, developed and proclinate.
Scutellum white scaled on mid lobe. Pleura greenish with a transversal blackish
band, setae and scales whitish.
Legs dark ; femora white underneath, joints white. Tarsi dark except hind
ones which have broad basal white rings.
Abdomen : Tergites dark with narrow basal white bands on segments IV to
VII and with basolateral white marks.
MnZe - Howard, Dvar & Knab, 1915 : - iProboscis straight,, slightly enlarged towards apex. Palpi about as long as the proboscis, slender, uniform, the
tip blunt and with a few stout hairs ; vestiture bronzy black. Antennae plumose ;
last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, stout, whitish, with black rings at insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs long, dense, brown.
Coloration similar to the female.
Genitalia : (fig. 549). Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, conical ; a
truncate prominence towards base bearing two stout rods witch hooked tips and
stout, moderate, narrowed at
surrounded by dense, fine setae. Clasp-filament
tip, bearing an articulated t,erminal claw. Harpes with a comb-shaped process
at end of a long rod, both harpes and harpagones plate-like, divided, revolute and
superposed. Unci slender, approximate.
So basal appendage.
Pupa -- Unknown.
Larzw -- Head rounded, widest through eyes, a large notch at insertion
of antennae, front margin arcuate. Antennae long, slightly curved, smooth, a
moderate tuft from a notch before apical third ; three long setae, a short one
and a digit at tip. Upper pair of dorsal head-hairs multiple, lower pair single ;
ante-antenna1 tuft multiple, short. Mental plate small, triangular, with a large
prominent central tooth and nine on each side, basal ones small and remote. Mandible triangular, base produced into a rounded prominence ; three filament,s before
tip ; an outer row of cilia from a collar ; a row of high conical prominences on
outer margin, each bearing a tuft of long fine hairs ; dentition of a single tooth
on a prominence with a row of thick spines below ; a spine before, a long smooth
filament and five serrate hairs within ; process below sloping obliquely basally,
widely but shortly furcate, with a median row of hairs at tip of each limb ; basal
angle small, with a row of hairs within ; a row of hairs at base. Maxilla elongate,
rounded at tip, divided by a suture ; inner half with two small filaments next
suture at lower third. Palpus rudimentary with four long digits. Thorax rounded,
wider than long. Abdomen moderate, anterior segments shorter ; lateral hairs
in threes on first segment, in twos on second to fifth, single on sixth ; tracheal tubes
narrow, angled in the segments ; skin glabrous. Air-tube very long, slightly widened at base, ten times as long as wide ; pecten of long simple spines not quite
reaching basal fourth : four short slight tufts on posterior margin beyond pecten.
Lateral comb of eighth segment of many spines in a triangular patch ; anterior spines slender, pointed, posterior ones larger, thick
and rounded. all
smooth.
Anal segment twice as long as wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal t(uft of two
long hairs on each side ; a small lateral hair : ventral brush moderate, confined
to the barred area. ,4nal gills long, nearly twice as long as the segment, evenly
tapered.
Type lomlitg - Mexico, Cordoba. Type lost ?.
Dis2ribution Mexico.
Note - The columnar process is distinct and has setae a and 6 hooked, a
is quite smaller than 6, at base there is a dense patch of hairs which are connected
to the upper division which has five or six differentiated thicker setae. Hook of
mesosome is slightly curved.

CULF,X
.______-

- .-.-

Culex
1919 C&x

--

(Microculex)

Dyar

& Knab,

Bonne-Wepster,

1925 Bonne
1928

Dyar,

1950

Roseboom

Mos.

.-

Am.,

Ins.

_ ---

-_

Dyar & Knab, 1919.

chryselatus

Ins.

Mens.,

Mos.

Sur.,

250.

Ent.

Sot.

5 ;

3ill

_-.--------

1923 Bonne

& Bonne-Wepster,

id.,

11

125.

352.

& Komp,

Proc.

Wash.,

52

155.

Female - Proboscis blackish, slightly longer than fore femur. Occiput with
narrow golden scales.
Thorax with light brown integument.
Mesonotum with more than anterior.
half covered with golden scales, the posterior one with coppery scales and somt*
golden ones intermixed. Scutellum with golden scales. Pleura wit,h brown transversal stripe.
Legs dark. Femora white ventrally and with subapical white spot. Tibiae
white at tip, the hind pair with basal and median spots also. Tarsi wit.h segments
white at base.
Abdomen : Tergites dark, white basal spots on segments III to V : basolateral spots on all the segments.
Male - Proboscis one fourth longer than fore femur. Palpus exceeding proboscis by last and half the penultimate segments ; segment II with a ring in the
middle, III and IV with a white one at base. Antenna quite plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 563). Basistyle with short columnar process ; seta a in a
distinct lobe from b, pointed ; above six to eight short pointed setae. Mesosome
with slender hooks. Ninth tergite with the lobes longer than broad and with
four setae.

563.
Fig.

563.

(Microculex)

Culex

(Microculex)

chryselatus

566.
Dy;tr

fig. 566. Anduze,

1942
on Rozchoom
& Komp,
1950,
Proc.
form &lduze,
1942,
ReT. S. y As.
and ninth
twpite.

kukenan

1903.
(Based
fig. of kukcnan
tyle;
mesosome

568.
&

G&X
Ent.
Sot.,

Iin;~b,

fig.

1919;

(Microculex)

Sot. Wash.,
7: 558).

5tid.

pleuristriatus
52:

Xale

figs. 15
genitalia.

Cl&X
Lutz,
and 21
Basis-

Y,rp (fig. 564). Tube long, slender, crooked, a black mesial ring. Hail
B long and doubie on segments IV to VI. A short and triple B tuft in VII, long
in VIII.
Paddle more than twice as long as segment VIII
wit.h a short spicukh
at apex.
La~vcc- (fig. 565). Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.X - 2 - 1.1.1. - 1. Dyar
(1928) : - Head subcircular, wider than long ; antennae rather long, a tuft at
outer third, the part beyond more slender. Upper head-hair mult,iple, lower single,
anteantenna
multiple. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of many scales in a
patch, the posterior ones larger. Air-tube very long and slender, straight, twelve

times as long its basal width, a sparse open pecten on the basal fourth, followed bj
three small tufts, the basal three-haired, the others two-haired.
Anal segment
longer than wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush posterior ; dorsal tuft, of two
long hairs on each side. Anal gills much longer than the segment, slender.
Type locality Surinam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Surinam : Colombia : Brad,
St,ate of Par&

Culex
1903

CuZex Lutz

1904

Lutz

1906

Dyar

1908

PeryassG,

(Microculex)

(in Theobald).

(in Bourroul),
& Knab,

1915

Howard,

1918

Dyar,

J.

OS Cul.
Dyar

Ins.

Ins.
J.

Mos.
N.

Y.

& Knab,

Hyg,

1927

Root,

Am.

1928

Dyar,

Mos.

1933
1935

Kumm,
Bul. Ent.
PessGa & Galvlo,

1938

Kumm

1956

Roaeboom

Am.,

& Novas,

43.
Sot.,

14:

209.

192.
Mon.,

Sur.,
7

1903.

177.

437.

6 : 109 ; 1923 Bonne

Mos.

Lutz,

pleuristriatus
Cul.,

Brazil,
Ent.

Brazil,

Mens.,

Bonne-Wepster,

Mon.

& Bonne-Wepster,

id.,

11

123

1925

Bonne

&

247.

581.

349.

Res., 24
Rev. Biol.

562.
Hyg.,

_4m. J. Hyg.,

& Komp,

Proc.

Ent.

27

Sot.

86.

503.
Wash.,

52

156.

Femdc - Proboscis dark_, slightly longer than fore femur. Palpus four times
a+slong as clypeus, dark but with two white rings on base of segments, these rings
can be indistinct.
Occiput with golden forked scales mixed with slender, curved
golden ones, on sides and mentum they arc white and broad, in the rest blackish.
Thorax : Mesonotum with dark brown integument, with dark scales and a
large pattern of golden ones. Scutellum with golden scales on lobes.
Legs dark except femora internally which are white and also femoro tibia1
and tibio tarsal joints ; the hind tarsi have narrow white rings.
Abdomen with dark tergites and large basolateral white spots besides small
basomedian ones. In some specimens the spots can form bands.
iWale - Palpus longer than proboscis bv the length of t,he last and half the
penultimate segments ; with distinct white rings. Rest as in female.
Genitalia : (fig. 566). Apical lobe of basistyle with columnar process developed, seta b thick, a slenderer ; below and on process two or three pointed setae,
as long as a and smaller ones ; upper division with five long setae inserted on
tubercles on a single protuberance, also a smaller s&a between the upper division
and columnar process and a tuft of setae at apex and near the dististyle. Mesosome
high, the hooks distinctly curved.
Pupa (fig. 567). First four abdominal segments slightly darker. Tube
elongate with a darker ring before base, expanded at apex. Setae of cephalothorax
in a tuft of three long setae.
Abdomen with hair C simple and a little shorter than segment in II, in III
double and as long as segment ; 13in IV and V double and nearly twice as long as
segment, in VI triple, the elements divided at apex ; tuft A of VII small and with
four feathered branches, in VIII with twice as many branches as in VII and also
feathered. Paddle three times the length of segment VIII and ending in a strong
double or t,riple spicule.
Larva - Antenna short, uniform, with a single hair beyond middle ; integument darker on sides and posterior margin of head ; hairs 4 and 5 simple, 6 with
five or six branches, 7 triple, 8 simple, 9 a tuft of five or six slender, developed
branches.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1. ?. ?. - 3 - 1.1.2/3 - 6/7.
Abdomen with scales of segment VIII in a patch. Siphon three and a half
times basal width ; with four tufts beyond pecten, the first three long and double

c u

513

or triple, the fourth small and simple. Anal segment ringed by the plate and with
strong posterolateral spiculosity, the spicules feat,hered at apex ; dorsal setae
(1 + 1) ; lateral hairs two, long. Gills large, broad and long.
Type locality - Bras&
State of S. Paula, S. Paulo. Type in B. M.
Distribution - Brasil,
States of R. de Janeiro, S. Paula, Baia, Par& Middle
coast states : Surinam
: Trinidad:
Guianas.

Culex
1927
1928
1931
1933
1950

(Microculex)

Root, 1927.

gairus

CuZe.zRoot, Am. J. Hyg., 7 : 583.

Dyar, Mos. Am., 350.
Shannon, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 33 : 8.
Antunea &-Lane, Rev. Biol. Hyg., 4 : 26.
Rozeboom & Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52

156.

Female - Similar to C. pleurisfriatus.

Male - Palpus slightly longer than proboscis and with dist,inct rings at base.
Genitalia : (fig. 553). Apical lobe of basistyle with columnar process developed, seta a thick and flattened at apex, b slenderer and pointed ; below and on
body of process two or three pointed setae as long as a and other smaller ones ;
upper division with five setae inserted on tubercles on a protuberance, of these
one is smaller than the others. Mesosome high, the hooks quit,c curved.
Pupa - Body with darker integument on lower portion in front of cephalot,horax, and on sides and median portion of first five segment,s.
Tube (fig. 554) with a darker ring before base which is hynline, slightly
thickened in the middle and expanded at apex. Cephalothoracic sctac with a tuft
of three long ones.

Pig.

554.

Culex

(Microculex)

gairus

Root, 192i.

Pupa.

Original.

Abdomen with hair C simple and a little shorter than segment in II, in III
double and as long as segment ; B in IV and V triple or four branched and nearly
twice as long as segment, in VI with six or seven feathered branches and a little
shorter than segment ; tuft A in VII small and with four feathered branches ;
in VIII with double the number of branches which are also feathered. Paddle three
times as long as segment VIII and ending in a strong double or triple spicule.
Larva - (fig. 555). Antenna short, uniform, with a single hair beyond middle.
Head darker on sides and hind margin ; hairs 4 and 5 double, 6 four branched,
7 with four or five branches, all quite developed, 8 triple and 9 simple.
Body densely spiculose. P. h. f. ? L ? - ? - 2 - 1.1.2/3 - 1 - 5/S.
Abdomen with a large patch on segment VIII.
Siphon four times the basal
width ; four tufts of hairs beyond the pecten, the first three long and double or
triple, the fourth small and simple. Anal segment ringed by the plate and witch

544
- . -~

Pip.

5.55.

Culex

(Microculex)

--

C
-I_-

gairus

1~ E S
---

Root,1927.

_.

__._

Larva.

Origimil.

strong postcrodorsal spiculosity, the spicules feathered at apex ; dorsal setae

(1 + 1) ; lateral hairs two or three branched, long. Gills large, broad and long.
Iype Zocalify - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Botanico. Type in
U. S. N. M.
States of Rio de Janeiro and S. Paulo.
Distribution - Bras&

Culex
1951

Culex

Lane

(Microculex)

intermediw

& Whitman,

Bras.

Rev.

Biol.,

11

Lane & Whitman,

:

1951.

348.

Female and pupa Similar to C. pleuristriutus.

Male - Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of the last segment, the
segments with white rings. Other characters as in female.
Genitalia : (fig. 556). Apical lobe of basistyle with columnar process developed, seta b thicker than a and one or two smaller setae on lower division ; upper
division with five long setae and a smaller one between the upper division and the
columnar process. Mesosome with curved hooks.
Larva Antenna short, uniform, a single hair beyond the middle. Head
darker on sides and behind ; hair 4 long with basal filaments, 5 multiple and with
fifteen branches, 6 four branched, 7 with fifteen branches, 8 simple, 9 multiple
and with ten branches.
Body strongly spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula X.X.X
-- 3/6 - 1.1. 3/6.
Siphon six times basal width, bearing three tufts of two to four branches and a
subapical double one. Anal segment ringed by the plate, with strong poster0 dorsal
spiculosity, the spicules pointed ; dorsal setae (1 + 1) ; lateral hair double, long.
Gills large and long.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro. D. F. Type in U. S. K. RI.
Diskibution - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro.

Xnsertae

sedis et species

inquerenda.

Wiedemann, 1828.
Petrocchi, 1923.
Culex (Melanoconion)
decorator
Dyar & Knab, 1906 - - Only larva
known.
Culex (Melanoconion)
epirus Aitken, 1908.
Culex
(1Melanoconion)
fasciolatum
Lutz, 1905 Only female
known.
Culex florense
Petrocchi, 1923.
Culex fusco Petrocchi, 1923.
gravitator
Dyar & Knab, 1906 Only
Culex (Melanoconion)
larva known.
Culex (_Melanoconion)
humilis
Lutz, 1901 (in Theobald) - IMale
with the genitalia broken. Adult seems to belong to subgenus
Culex

aestuans

Culex

chaquense

Microculex.
Culex

(Melanoconion)

Theobald, 1903 -

indecorabilis

Only female

known.
Lutz, 1905 - Only female known.
Theobald, 1901 - Only female

Culex

(Melanoconion)

lugens

Culex

(Melanoconion)

nigricorpus

known.
Romero Sierra, 1907.
Surcouf & Rincones, 1912.
Petrocchi, 1923.

Culex

nigritulus

Culex

romeroi

Culex

saltefio

Culex

(Melanoconion)

Dyar

simulator

& Knab,

1906 --

0111~

larva known.
Culex

(Culex)

tisseuilli

Senevet & Abonnenc, 1939 -

Only larva

known.
Bibliography

of

CULEX.

SEE ANDUZI, (19X!), DAVIS & SHANNOK (1924), DYAR (1922, b and 1924 i), DYAR
& TOV~~R (1928), PENNA (1921), PESS~A & GALVXO (1935).
.~NDUZE, P. J. - 1935 - Observaciones sobre larvas de C&x (Subgenero Lutzia).
Bol. Sot. Venezolana Ci. Nat., Caracas, 20 : 438-442.
___
1942 - Culex (Culex) beauperthuyi sp. nv. Sanid. y As. Sot. Venezuela, 8
(3) : 459-461.
1942 La fauna Culicidiana de Venezuela. Descripci6n de una especie
nueva. Rev. San. y As. Sot., 7 (4) : 557-560, 1 fg.
1943 - Estudi& de entomologia mEdica en el Estado MBrida (Venesuclaj.
La fauna culicidiana.
Descripcibn de Culex (CuZex) albertoi. Bol. Ent.
Venezolana, 2 (4) : 188-196.
-1948 - Fauna Culicina de Venezuela. Descripcicin de cinco nucvas espkies.
Bol. Ent. Ven., 7 (l/Z) : 60-66.

546

---

CULEX

1949 - Fauna Culicina de Venezuela. Descripcidn de una especie nueva.

Bol. Ent. Venexolana, 7 (3/C) : 149-150.
ANTUNES, P. C. A. & LANE, J. - 1937 - Urn novo Culex, Culex (Carroll&z) soperi
encontrado em S. Paulo. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 8 (1) : 21-23.
ANTUXES, P. C. A. & R_44~0s,A. S. - 1939 - C&x (CurroZZiu) iridescens, bonnei e
soperi. Bol. Biol. (rJ. Ser.), 4 (3) : 374-385.
BONNE, C. - 1924 - Note on Culex jluvipes. Ins. Ins. IMens., 12 : 85.
B&THE?, J. - 1917 - Descripcidn dune nouvelle tspbcie de moustique de Buenos
An-es. Physis, 3 : 226-229.
.
C_STILLO, R.. I, - 1949 - Lista provisional de 10s mosquitos Cztlex de1 Ecuador.
Physis, 20 (57) : *190-193.
CASTRO, G. M. 0. - 1932 - Estudo sabre uma especie de CuZex que se cria em
buracos de guayamb. Rev. Ent., 2 (1) : 97-105, 10 fgs.
CERQUEIRA, N. L. & LA?JE, J. - 1944 - SGbre algumas esp&!ies de Culex (Carrollia). Rev. Ent., 15 (l/2) : 216-220, 6 fgs.
DAMPF, A. - 1941 - &~ochZoslyrax (Dinoporpa) tn:fidus Dyar, nuevo miembro de
la fauna CulicidolGgica Mexicana. An. Est. Nat. Ci. Biol., 2 (2/3) : 251-262,
2 pl., 1 fn.
DYAR, H: 6. -- 1917 - A second note on the species of CuZex of the Bahamas.
Ins. Ins. Mens., 5 : 183-187.
1918 b - A revision of the American species of CuZex on the male genitalia.
Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 (4/6) : 86-111,2 pl.
1919 e - A new subgenus of Culex. Ins. Ins. Mens., 7 : 150.
1919 f - Description of hitherto unknown larvae of CuZex. Ins. Ins. Mens.,
i:
161-162.
1920 a - A second CuZex of the subgenus Trunsculiciu. Ins. Ins. Mens.,
8 (l/3) : 27-29.
1!)20 b - The species of Choeroporpu, a subgenus of CuZex. Ins. Ins. Mens.,
8 (4/6) : 54-81.
1920 f - A new CuZex from Panam& Ins. Ins. Mens., 8 (10/12) : 173-175.
1!)21 c The swarming of CuZex quinquejusciatus. Ins. Ins. Mens., 9
(!/3) : 32.
1921 d - Three new mosquitoes from Costa Rica. Ins. Ins. Mens., 9 (l/3) :
34-36.
1921 e - NotIes on the North American species of Choeroporpu. Ins. Ins.
Blens., 9 (l/3) : 37-39.
1921 c - Two new American mosquit.oes. Ins. Ins. Mens., 9 (l/3) : 46-50.
I!)21 1 - Two new Culex from Costa Rica. Ins. Ins. Mens., 9 (719) : 100.
1921 i Illustrations
of certain mosquitoes. Ins. Ins. &lens., 9 (7/9) :
114-118, 1 pl.
1!)21 1 New mosquitoes from Costa Rica. Ins. Ins. Mens., 9 (10/12) :
1.54-155.
1021 m - Note on Melanoconion indecorubilis. Ins. Ins. Mens., 9 (10112) :
155-157.
1921 n - Note on CuZex dechator.
Ins. Ins. Mens., 9 (10/12) : 194-195.
1!)22 f - Note on the male genitalia of Culex coronutor and allied forms.
Ins. Ins. Mens., 10 : 18-19, 5 fgs.
1!)23 c - Notes on American Culex. Ins. Ins. Mens., 11 (7/9) : 118-120.
1!123 f - A new CuZex from Mexico. Ins. Ins. Mens., 11 (10/12) : 186-187.
1923 g - On some of the American subgenera of Culex. Ins. Ins. Mens.
1 I (10/12) : 187-190, 18 fgs.
1924 i - Some new mosquitoes from Colombia. II.
Ins. Ins. Mens.,
12 (10/12) : 183-186.
1926 a - A note on Phalungomyiu. Ins. Ins. Mens.,
14^(l/3)
.
_ . _ : 41-43.
DYAR, H. G. & BARRETT, H. P. 1918 Descriptions of hitherto unknown
larvae of Culex. Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 (7/9) : 119-120.

CULEX

547

DYAR, H. G. & KNAB, F. - 1909 d - The identity of Culex pipiens. Proc. Ent. Sot.
Wash., 11 : 31-39, 3 pl.
--1909 f - Mosquito comment. Can. Ent., 41 (3) : 101-102.
-__
1941 - New mosquitoes from Peru. Ins. Ins. Mens., 2 (4) : 58-62.
---1915 Notes on the species of Culex of the,Bahamas.
Ins. Ins. Mens.,
3 (8/10) : 112-115.
--1919 New species of Tropical American mosquitoes. Ins. Ins. Mens.,
7 (l/3) : l-9.
DYAR, H. G. & LUDLOW, C. S. 1921 - Two new American mosquitoes. Ins.
Ins. Mens., 9 (l/3) : 46-50.
-1922 - Notes on American mosquitoes. Mil. Surgeon, 50 : 61-64.
DYAR, H. G. & SHAN~ORT,R. C. - 1924 a - A new Crllex from Panama. Ins. Ins.
Mens., 12 (l/3) : 46-48.
Ins. Ins. slens., 12 (Y/9) :
__
1924 g Another new Cu2e.r from Panama.
143-144.
EVANS, A. M. - 1923 b - l\;ote on *iledinus amazonensis. _4n. Trop. Med. & Par.,
17 (3) : 377-380, 2 fgs.
FLOCH, H. & ABONNENC, E. 1945 c Description de Culex nouveaux de la
Guyane frangaise CltZex (Melaconion) cauchensis n. sp., Culex (Melanoconion) cayennensis n. sp. Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Ter. Inini, 112 : 6 pp
--1945 Culex (Melanoconion) cavemicolus n. sp., CuZex (Melanoconion)
c~quinoxiulisn. sp. Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Ter. Inini, 114 : 5 pp., 2 fgs.
----1946 - Description de Culex nouveaux de la Guyane franpaise (III) CuZex
iMeZanoconion) rabanicolus n. sp., CuZex (Melanoconion) rorotaensis n. sp.
Ins. Pasteur Guyane Ter. Inini, 120 : 6 pp., 2 fgs.
-__
1946 - Description de CuZex nouveaux de la Guyane francaise (IV). Culex
(Melanoconion) punctiscapularis n. sp. Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Ter. Inini,
122 : 3 pp., 1 fg.
__1947 -Distribution
des ?Iloustiques du genre CuZex en Guyane FranCaisc.
Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Ter. Inini, 146 : 9 pp.
JENNINGS, A. H. - 1909 - The eggs of Lutzia bigotti. The Can. Ent., 49-50.
KOMP, W. H. UT. 1926 - A new C&x from Honduras. Ins. Ins. Alens., 14
(l/3) : 44-45.
c_1932 - -4 new C?LZex,Culex uomerifer from Panama. Psyche, 39 (3) : 79-82.
__1936 c - Description of nine new species of CuZex, seven from Panama and
two from Venezuela. An. Ent. Sot. Am., 29 (2) : 319-334, 27 fga.
___
1935 - Notes on the validitv of the types of the species of the subgenera
Mochlostyrax and MeEanoconion in the U. S. Nat,. Mus. Proc. Ent. Sot.
Wash., 37 (1) : 1-11.
KOMP, W. H. W. Rt BROWN, C. G. - 1935 - Culex jubifer, a new species of CuZex
from Panama. An. Ent. Sot. Am., 28 (2) : 254-255, 3 fgs.
KOMP, W. H. W. & CURRY, D. P. - 1932 - A new ClrZex from Panama. Psyche,
39 (3) : 82-84, 1 fg.
KOMP, W. H. W. & ROZEBOOM, L. 1951 - Descriptions of eight, new species
of C~clex subgenus MeZanoconion. Ent. Sot. Wash., 53 (3) : 121-137, 8 fgs.
KUMM, H. W. - 1933 - Mosquitos breeding in bromeliads at Bahia, Brazil. Bul.
Ent. Res., 24 (4) : 561-573, 2 pl., 12 fgs.
LANE, J. 1945 Quatro espkies novas de C~clcx da rcgigo Neotr6pica.
Rev.
Ent., 16 (l/2) : 204-209, 7 fgs.
LANE, J. & WHITMAN, L. - 1943 - Novas espkics de CuZex do Brasil. Rev. Ent.,
14 (3) : 389-408, 17 fgs.
1951 - The subgenus LTlicroculex in Brazil. Rev. Bras. Biol., 11 (3) : 341366, 34 fgs.
LUDLOW, C. S. - 1905 - Mosquito xotes. Can. Ent., 37 (11) : 385-388.
PALACIOS, A. M. - 1950 - Identification de 10s mosquitos Mesicanos de1 s,lbgenero C&ex por la genitalia masculina. Rev. Mexicana H. S., 11 (l/4) :
183-187, 2 pl.

548

C u
_.

_.-

T, E X
___-_

PRATT, H. 1). & SEABROOIC- 1952 - The occurrence of Culex iohnbdis in Florida
and Puerto Rico, with a description of the larva. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash.,
54 (1) : 27-32, 1 pl.
PRATT, H. I>., WIRTH, W. W. & DENSIXG, D. G. 1945 - The occurrence of
C&x opisthop~s in Puerto Rico and Florida, with a description of the larva.
Proc. Ent. Ent. Sot. Wash., 47 (8) : 245-251, 2 pl.
RIPSTEIN, C. - 1935 - Los mosquit,os de1 Valle de M&co.
An. Ins. Biol. Mcsico,
6 (S/4) : 213-233, 21 fgs.
ROOT, F. M. - 1927 - Studies on Brazilian mosquitoes. The genus Gulex-. 111
Am. J. Hyg., 7 (5) : 574-598, 6 pl.
ROTH, L. M. & YTOUNG, F. S. 1944 - Culex (MeZunoconion) atrntus in Florida ;
a new continental Xorth American record, with notes on t,he other M&noconions of the Souteastern U. S. An. Ent. Sot. Am., 37 (1) : 84-88.
~ZOZEBI!OJI, I,. E. - 1935 a - C~lcx rooti, a new Cules from P:n~tma. ,111. Ent .
Sot. Am., 28 (2) : 251-253, 3 fgs.
-__
1936 --- The larva and adult of ClcZex rooli. An. Ent. Sot. Am., 29 (2) :
266-267, 2 fgs.
ROZE;BOO>I,L. E. & KOMP, W. H. W. - 1948 - Three new species of Czllex from
Colombia. J. Par., 34 (5) : 396-406, 20 fgs.
-__
1950 - A review of the species of C&x of the subgenus Melnnoconion. AIL
Ent. Sot. Am., 43 (lj : 75-114, 91 fgs.
--1950 - A new ,%?icrocztlex,elongatus, from Colombia, with notes on th(t
subgenus. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52 (3) : 147-157, 24 fgs.
SENEVET, G. - 1946 - Soies prothoraciques et soies pleurales chew les larvrls dti
quelques Culex. Ar. Ins. Pasteur Algerie, 24 (3/4) : 308-314.
SEN~Z~ET, G. & ABONNENC, E. - 1939 d - Les moustiques de la Guyane Franqaisrb.
II. Le genre Culex. Ar. Ins. Pasteur Algere, 17 (1) : 62-134, 34 fgs.
1941 - Les moustiques de la Guyane Frangaise. Le Genre CuZex (2). Nouvelle espece du sous-genre Melanoconion. ,4r. Ins. Pasteur Algere, 19 (1) :
41-44.
.__1946 - Lcs ;\Ioustiques de la Guyane franpaise. X. Le genre CuZex (3).
Nouvelle especc du sous genre C?iZex. Ar. Ins. Pasteur dAlgerie, 24 (2) :
135-140, 1 fg.
YTONE, A. -- 1950 -- The larva of C&x foliaceus. Rev. Ent., 21 (l/2) : 277-239.
V.-\IWAR, 1,. & BELTRAN, 13. -- 19-11 Culex quinquefascintils, a new vector of
Plasmodium gallinaceus. Sciencia, Mexico, 94 (2443) : 389-390.
M'IRTH, W. W. - 1945 -The
occurrenctb of CuZex (Melanoconion) elevator in Florida,
with keys to the Melanoconions of the TJnited States. Proc. Ent. Sot.
Wash., 47 (7) : 199-210, 3 IJl.

Imprimiu:
iNDirSTRIA
RUA

GRAFICA

AUGUSTA,
ENC

235
10.687

SIQUEIRA
-

SAO
1953

S/A
PAUL0