Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MOSQUITONEWS
John
57
Lane
quitoes, has been in preparation since 1959,
and on December 7, 1962 Mr. Lane wrote
to the Pan American Health Organization,
which was sponsoring the work, to say
that the text of this volume had been
finished, and that the typescript ran to
548 pages.
Lanes magnum opus is the culmination
of some 23 years of work with the Neotropical Culicidae, in the course of which
he collaborated with many well-known
specialists in the group. His studies were
much helped by a Guggenheim travel
grant in 1950 to visit museums in Europe
and the United States to examine type
and other specimens of special interest.
His studies and publications involve
species in at least seven families of Diptera
in addition to Culicidae. The current list
of title of his scientific papers contains
152 entries, on a great variety of forms.
Among these entries is the chapter in
Boyds Malariology Anophelines of the
Neotropical Region. He also assisted in
the translation into Portuguese of Praytical Malariotogy by Russell, West and
Manwell.
NEOTROPICAL
Volume I -
Dixinae,
CULIC1DAE
tribes Anophelini,
Toxorhgln-
_kljunct
professor, Department
Health,
of Parasitology,
University
Faculty
of Hygiene
S2Xo Paulo.
Published
by the University
1953
of Sao Paula,
Brazil
and Public
(:OSTEir;TS
Page
. . . . . . _.
INTRODUCTION
KEY
FOR
CHAOBORINA4E
....
...
.
. .
Genus Corethrella
...
Genus Sayomyia
Genus Edwardsops
FOR
TRIBE
TRIBES
KEY
..
. .
..
..
Genus Chagasia
Genus Anopheles
KEY
FOR
GENERA
65
....
66
93
......
106
..
111
.
.
111
..
112
112
.. . ... ....
137
.......
...........
.......
........................
138
..........
........
.......................
148
............
138
................................
307
................................
308
Printed
. ....
............
..............
CULICIKI
63
100
....... ..
...
GESERA
TOXORHYI\CHITINI
FOR
TRIBE
...
. .
.
BNOPHELINI
31
Genus Toxorhynchites
TRIBE
..
..
......
31
33
. . ,. . .
..
Genus Lutxomiops.
KEY
. ..
...
Genus Eucorethra
CULICINAE
..... .
..
Genus Dixa.
Fi
SUBFAMILIES
..... .
DIXINAE
309
INTRODUCTION.
.
t-i
-
__ -._
INTRODUCTIOK
-_.
of CULICIDAE.
that in this group, the disposition of the veins in the wing is of secondary importance.
Phylogenetic
dassification
of the CULICIDAE.
of CULICIDAE.
Characters
Adult : Small, slender, nematocerous Diptera
varying much in coloration. Antenna with 15/16 segments (except
in Neochaoborus where there are only 10/B) ; scape quite reduced
(except in Dixinae where it is slightly smaller than the torus) ; torus
globose.; ocelli absent.
Thorax with the anterior pronotum divided and forming distinct,
lobes ; mesonotum in a single disk and without transversal sutures ;
INTRODUCTION
names
and their
definition.
Fig.
1.
Thorax
of mosquito
showing
The British
Mosquitoes).
the
principal
sclerites.
(Based
on Marshall,
1938,
Thorax.
The setae of this region recieve the name of the sclerite in which
they are inserted. They can be divided into seven main groups as we
explain below : - 1) those on the pronotal lobe or pronotals ; 2) those
on the propleura or propleurals ; 3) those on the posterior pronotum ;
4) those on the anterior spiracle or spiraculars ; 5) those inserted behind
this spiracle or post-spiraculars ; 6) those on the sternopleura or sternopleurals which according to where they are inserted, receive the
name of pre-alar, superior or inferior and ; 7) those on the mesepimeron
or mesepimeral setae which also can be upper or lower ones.
The setae inserted on the free margin of the scutellum are the
marginal setae. The mesonotum has the acrostichal, dorsocentral as
well as setae over the root of wing and on the prescutellar depression.
Male
genitalia.
IXTRODUCTION
11
-%I~~~
Anterior
Fig.
3. --
Fig. 4. -
Wing of mosquito
Mosquitoes).
aZ.066
P6il.L
min.
Pho\ving veins.
or
(Hascd
Dim
(Dimella)
vcnezuelensis
Lane, 1942.
system of vein nomeclature for Culicidae.
5th.longv6in
mid or066
vein,
on Marshall.
Wing.
Showing
Original.
1938,
Thp
British
Comstock-Needham
Pupa.
The names of setae and hairs are given in fig. 5. We have abhreviated breathing tubes to tubes.
III
VI
VIII
Paddle
Fig.
5.
Pupa.
text.
Abdomen
Original.
showing
letters
and
numbers
of
principal
setae
used
in
this
6. A.
6. c,
6. 0.
Fig. 6. A. -
Fig. 6. B.
Thorax of Anopheles
larva.
Dorsal view. P. Prothorax;
M. Mesothotrax ; MT. Metathorax. 1, 2, 3 P. are the hairs comprising the
Hairs 4, 5, 6 and 7 P. complete
prothoracic group in the Anophelini.
the prothoracic hair group and comprise the prothoracic hairs formula
mentioned in other groups.
(Based on Gater, 1934).
Fig. 6. C.
Pig. 6. D.
Prothorax.
Showing the nomenclature adopted by Senevet & Abonnenc and
below the numerical system here used. The prothoracic hair formula here
used gives the number of elements found in hairs of prothorax from 1 to 7.
(Based on Lane & Whitman, 1951).
INTRODUCT
---___
Larva.
As the bionomics of most groups vary to a large extent we mention the habits of each group separately. The best paper on this subject, in our region, is that of Shannon (1931 a and 1931 b) for the
Culicini. The Anophelini have been intensively studied and we have
given, in the bibliography, the most important references. Lane and
Cerqueira (1942) condensed the information for the bionomics of the
Sabethini and various authors have made interesting observations on
the Toxorhynchitini. I,ittle is known about the bionomics of the remaining groups.
Yredatism.
distribution
of mosquitoes.
Map.
1.
16
INTRODUCTION
17
ISTROD17CTION
the Neotropical region where there are five genera and sixteen subgenera which are indigenous. The other regions, as the Malagasian
subregion, have three genera, one of them indigenous. The Australasian region has one genus and four subgenera, three of them being
indigenous and the Oriental region (not counting the Malagasian subregion) has a single genus, Tripteroides.
Taking in consideration the above mentioned distribution we
can see that while the more primitive genera and subgenera are of
great disperssion, some of them restricted to the northern hemisphere,
the more specialised genera and subgenera are, in the majority of
cases, restricted to the southern hemisphere.
Limits
of the
Neotropical
region.
used
of Neotropical
for
Institutions
CULICIDAE
are
where
types
deposited.
B. M. F. H. -
and
drawings.
We have taken the following procedure with regards to descriptions. When we do not have or have not been able to study a species,
18
entries.
The financial help given by the Fundos Universitarios de Pesyuizas da Universidade de S&o Paulo, Brasil a.nd the John Simon
Guggenheim Memorial Foundat,ion, New Yo k,
U. S. _4. enabled,
to a large extent, the publication of this monograph.
We are under great obligation for the help and ancouragement
given by the late Dr. G. H. de Paula Souza and Drs. Paulo C. A.
Antunes, Alvaro Guimarges Filho, JoZo Alves Meira and A. L. A.
Galv&o of this Faculty.
We are also greatly indebted for the unstinted help and valuable
suggestions given by Drs. Ala,n Stone of the Division of Insect Identification of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, P. F.
Mattingly and Paul Freeman of the British Museum (Natural History),
Eduardo Del Ponte of the Institut,o de Entomologia Sanitaria, Buenos
Aires, C. P. Alexander and E. I. Coher of the University of Massachussetts, A. da Costa Lima of the Escola National de Agronomia,
Rio de Janeiro, E. S6guy of the Museum National DIIistoire Naturelle
in Paris, W. H. W. Komp of the Tropical Diseases Laboratory of the
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, L. and M. Deane
of the Service National d,t Malaria, Rio de Janeiro, H. W. Kumm and
0. R. Causey of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller
Foundation, New Yo k and Renato R. Correa of the Serviso de Profilaxia de Malaria, S. Paulo.
We are deeply obliged to the Trustees of the following Institutes
who kindly put their collections at our disposal and permited t)he st,udy
of types and comparison of specimens : - U. S. National Museum,
Washington, D. C., British Museum (Natural History), London,
Institjuto Bacteriologico, Buenos Aires, Serviqo National de Febre
Amarela, Tnstituto Oswald0 Cruz, ServiCo Especial de Saude Publica
all in Rio de Janeiro and Museum DHistoire Naturelle, Paris.
The publication of this monograph was made with funds provided
by the Rectory of the University of S. Paulo, Brazil.
Most of the original illustrations were made by Mr. E. B. Ferraz
who put, the best of his hability and effort in them. Dr. A. L. ,4. Gal-
19
v%o gave us permission to use his drawings of the Anophelini. Dr. XI.
0. de Oliveira Pinto kindly loaned us the plates of Sabethini made by
Mr. 0. V. Ferreira which illustrate the work on this group made by
.J. Lane & N. I,. Cerqueira. 81x-s.M. A. 1. DAndretta helped us with
figures 276, 310, 314, 410, 414, 487, 491 a,nd 501. We have based quite
a few of our illustrations on the excellent figures made by W. H. W.
Komp, L. E. Roseboom, 0. R. Causey, L. Deane, M. Deane, M.
Palacios, L. Vargas, E. S. Ross and H. R. Roberts. To all these the
author is deeply obliged.
Dedication.
1st.
period.
Sot.
II;.
Cient.
LYNCH
INTRODUCTION
20
PHILIPPI, R. A. - 18S5 - Aufzunlung des Chilenischen Dipteren. Verh. d. zool.bot. Ges. Vienna, 15 : 595-78.5, 7 pl. (Culicidae pgs.
).
ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, J. B. - 1827 - Essai sur la tribe des Culicides. Mem. Sot.
Hist. Nat., Paris, 3 : 390-413.
RODER, V. 1885 - Dipteren von der Insel Portorico. Stet. Ent. Zeitg., 46 :
337-349.
RONDANI, C. - 1848 - Esame di varie species dInsetti
ditteri brasiliani. Studi
ent3mologici publicati per cura di F. Baudi e di E. Truqui, Torino, 1 : 63-112.
WALKER, F. 1848 Catalogue of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum, London.
--1856 Insecta Saundersisna or characters of undescribed species in the
collection of W. W. Saunder. Diptera.
London.
WIEDEMANN,
C. W. 1828-1830 Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten.
Als Forsetz. des Meigenischen Werkes.
Hamm.
-__
1821 Dipiera Exotica. Kiliae.
(C)&c&e
pgs.
).
WILLISTON, S. W. - 1891-1903 - Insecta. Diptera.
(in Biologia C?ntrali Americana). London. (Culicidae pgs.
).
-__
1896 - On the Diptera of St. Vincent. Trans. Ent. Sot. Lcnd3n, 270-272.
Historical,
2nd.
period.
J. - 1909 - No& on the mosquitoes of British Guiana. 5th. Series. British Guiana Med. An. for 1908. 25 pp.
AUTR~N, E. 1904 - Notes sur les Culicides argzntins. Act. 2nd. Cong. Med.
Latin0 Americano, 2 : 142-144.
__1907 Los mosquitos argentinos. Examen sumario sistematico de 10s
Culicidos Argentinos. An. Dep. Nat. Hyg., 14 (1) : l-38, 5 pl.
BRI~THES, J. 1905 - Insectos de Tucuman. An. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. B. Aires.
Ser. 3, 4 : 329-347.
-__
1910 - Los mosquitns de la Rep. Argentina. Arc. Cang. Cient. Int. Amer.,
1: 351.
--1911 Dipteros nuevos o poco conocidos de Sud. America.
An. Mus.
Nat. Hist. Nat., B. Aires, 3, 13 : 469.
--1916 - Algunas notas sDbre mosquitos Argentinos. iln. Mus. Nat. Hi&.
Nat. B. Aires, 18 : 193-218.
BUSCK, A. 1908 - Report or a trip for the purpose of studying the mosquito
Fauna of Panama. Smiths. Misc. Coils., Quar. Iss., N. 1795. 52 (1) : 49-77.
COQUILLETT, D. W. 1901 - Three new species of CuliczXae. Can. Ent., 33 (9) :
258-260.
1902 a - Three new species of Culex. Can. Ent., 34 (11) : 292-293.
-1902 b J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 10 : 191-200.
--1906 a - New Culicidae from the West Indies an Central America. Proc.
Ent. Sot. Wash., 7 : 182-186.
-1906 b - A classification of the mosquitoes of North and Middle America.
U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser., 11 : 7-31.
--1906 c - Five new CuEicidue from the West Indies. Can. Ent., 33 (1) : 60-62.
DYAR, H. G. - 1905 a - Illustrations of the abdominal appendages of certain mosquitoes. J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 13 : 53-56, 2 pl.
-__
1906 a On the classification of the Culicidue. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash.,
7: 188-191.
DYAR, H. G. and KNAB, G. - 1906 a - The larvae of Culicidae classified as independent organisms. J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 14 : 169-253.
--1907 a - On the classification of the mosquitoes. Can. Ent., 29 : 47-50.
FELLT, E. P. - 1904 - Mosquitoes or Culicidae of New York State. N. Y. State
Mus. Bul., 79-400 and 391 a to 391 f pp., 57 pls.
AIKEN,
IXTRODUCTION
21:
Monographs.
BARRAUD, P. J. - 1934 - The fauna of British India. Diptera. Fam. Culicidae.
Tribes nlegarhinini and Culicini. London, 1 : + 463 pp.
BLANCHARD, E. - 1905 - Les moustiques. Histoire naturelle et medicale. Paris,
673 pp., 316 fgs.
BONNE, C. and BONNE-WEPSTER, J. - 1925 - The mosquitces of Surinam. Royal
Institute of Amsterdam. Dept. Trop. Hyg., & Med., n. 21 : 588 pp., 83 fgs.
BOURROUL, C. - 1904 - OS Mcsquitos do Brasil. T&e da Fat. Med. Bahia, 78 pp.
BR~THES, J. - 1912 - Los mcsquitcs de la Republica Argentina. Bol. Ins. Ent.
y Pat. Veg., 1 : l-48.
DYAR, H. G. - 1928 - The mcsquitces of the Americas. Carnegie Institution of
Washington, n. 387. 616 pp., 418 fgs.
EDWARDS, F. W. - 1932 - Fam. Culicidae. (in Wytsmann).
Genera Insectorum.
Fast. 194 : 258 pp., 5 pl.
-1941 Mosquitces ef the Ethiopian Region. III Culicine adults and
pupae. London. 499 pp., 4 pl., 183 fgs.
HOWARD, L. O., DPAR, H. G. and KNAB, F. - 1912 - The mosquitoes of North
and Central America and the West Indies. Carnegie Institution of Washington, n. 159, 1 : l-520 pp.
--1912 ibd., vol. 2 : 150 pp. of plates.
IS TKODCCTIOS
Affinities
and
habits.
~~~~~E:-W~E:PYT~:H,
J. and BONNE, C. - 1921 - Sates on South American mosquitoes in the British Museum. Ins. Ins. &lens., 9 : l-26.
CAVSEY, 0. R. and KUXM, H. W. 1948 - Dispersion of forest mosquitoes in
Brazil. Am. J. Trop. Ned., 28 (3) : -l69--1-80.
CAUSF;Y, 0. It., Krjnrnr, H. W. and LAF,RWERT Jr., H. IV. --- 1950 - Dispersion of
forest mosquitoes in Brasil : Further studies. Am. J. Trop. JIed., 30 (2) :
301-312.
CHRISTOPHERS, S. R. and B.~RRAI.L), P. J. --- 1922 a. Descriptive terminology of
male characters of mosquitoes. Ind. J. Med. Res., 10 : 827-828.
1922 b - The development and structure of the t)erminal abdominal segments and hypopigium of the mosquito. Ind. J. Med. Res., 10 (2) : 530-572.
1923 - The structure and development, of t,he female genital organs and
hypopigium of the mosquito. Ind. J. bled. Res., 10 (3) : 6Wi20.
CRAMPTOX, G. C. - 1942 - (in Guide to the insecbtsof Connecticut. Pt. 6. Th(1
Diptera or True flies of Connecticut).
Fast. 1 : 10-165.
D_4vrs, D. E. - 1944 a - A comparison of mosquitces captured with an avian bait
at different vegetational levels. Rev. Ent., 15 : 209215.
1944 b T,arval habitats of some Brazilian mosquitoes. Rev. Em., 15 :
221-235.
~
1945 A comparison of mosquitoes captured with avian bait and with
human bait. Proc. Ent. SW. Wash., 47 : 252256.
DY.~R, H. G. 1905 b - Remarks on genitalic genera in Culicidatl. Proc. Ent .
Sot. ?jash., 7 : 47.
-~ -1921 a - Comment on Notes on South American mosquitoes in the British Museum by Bonne-Wepster and Bonne. Ins. Ins. Mens., 9 : 26-31.
1923 a Mosquitoes described by von Humboldt.
Ins. Ins. &lens., 11
(7/9) : 121-122.
DYAR, H. G. and SHANSON, R. C. - 1924 a --- The subfamilies, tribes and genera
of American Culicidae. J. Wash. ,4c. Sci., 14 : 472-486.
EDWARDS, F. W. -- 1922 - ,4 revision of the mosquitoes of t]he Palearctic Region.
Bul. Ent. Res., 12 : 263-351.
- --.
1924 - (in Barraud P. J.) - The fauna of British India. Appendix, 427-453.
-~~-~ 1930 a -- Mosquito notes. IX.
Bul. Ent. Res., 21 (3) : 287-306, 8 fgs.
-.
INTRODUCTION
-- ---~_---__-..
23
Geographical
distribution
and
catalogues.
24
INTRODUCTION
do E. de S. Paulo, contemporaneamente a surtos epidemicos de febre amarela silvestre. An. Fat. Med., Montevideo, 23 (11/12) : 1-16.
ARNETT Jr., R. H. - 1947-1950 - Notes on the distribution, habits, and habitats
of some Panama mosquit,oes. J. N. Y. Ent. Sot., 55 : 185-200 ; 56 : 175-193
57 : 233-251 ; and 58 : 99-115.
BEQUAERT, J. 1924-1925 - Medical and Economic Entomology.
XV (Pt. 2).
Insecta. Culicidae.
Med. Rept. of the Hamilton-Rice
7th. expedition to
the Amazon, in conjunction with the Dept. of Trop. Med. of Harvard Univ.
Contribution from the Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. and Med., 4 :
BODKIN, G. E. 1921 The mosquitoes of British Guiana. J. Bd. Agr. Br.,,
Guiana, 14 (4) : 251-261.
Report of the government economic biologist. An. Rept. Dept,
-1920 Sci. Agr., 1919, Ap. 3: 9.
Rept. Dept. Ser. Agr., 1919, Ap. 3 : 9.
BONNE-WEPSTER, J. and BONNE, C. - 1919 - Diagnosis of new mosquitoes from
Surinam with a note on synonymy. Ins. Ins. Mens., 7 :165-180.
Mus. Hist. Nat., B. Aires, 16 : 277-305.
1920 - Description dun nouveau moustique du PBrou. Rev. Chilena de
H. Nat., 24 (2/P) : 41-43.
CAMPOS, F. 1925 Mosquitos de Guayaquil y alrededores. Rev. Col. Nat.
Vicente Rocafuerte, 12 (40/41) : 3-11.
--1930 a - Contribucicin al estudio de 10s mosquitos que habitan la ciudad y
zonas adyacentes. Rev. Col. Nat. Vicente Rocafuerte 12 (40/41) : 3-11.
-1930 b Entomologia medica. Mosquitos peligrosos. Rev. Col. Nat.
Vicente Rocafuerte, 12 (40/41) : 23-25.
CERQUEIRA, N. L. - 1943 - Lista dos mosquitos da Bolivia. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz,
39 (1) : 15-36, 1 mapa, 1 fig.
__1943 - Algumas especies novas da Bolivia, e referencia a t&s espbcies de
Haemagogus. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 39 (1) : 1-14, 4 pl.
CHAGAS, C. 1908 a Zeit. f. Hyg. Infekt., 59 : 321-000.
--1908 b Rev. Med. S. Paulo, 11 : 391-000.
CHAGAS, E., CUNHA, A. M. e CASTRO, G. M. 0. - 1937 - Leishmaniose visceral
americana. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 32 (3) : 325-389, 45 pls.
CHAGAS, E. et al., - 1938 - Leishmaniose visceral Americana. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz,
33 (1) : 89-229, 40 pls.
DAMPF, A. - 1935 - Nuevos dados sobre la fauna de 10s mosquitos de Mexico.
Rev. Mexicana Biol., 16 (1) : l-4.
DAVIS, N. C. and SHANNON, R. C. - 1931 - Further attempts to transmit yellow
fever with mosquitoes of S. America. Am. J. Hyg., 14 (3) : 715-722.
DUNN, L. H. - 1919 - Report on the mosquitoes caught by hand in t,he Canal
Zone from Feb. lst., 1916 to Jan. 31st., 1917. Proc. Med. As., Isthmian
Canal Zone, 10 (2) : 145-169.
1929 Notes on some insects and other arthropods affecting man and
animals in Colombia. Am. J. Trop. Med., 9 : 493-508.
DURHA~I, E. H. E. and MYERS, W. -- 1902 - Report of the yellow fever expedition
to Par&, of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Medical Parasitology. Liv. Sch. of Trop. Med. Mem and Thompson Yates Lab. Rept.,
4 : 485-563.
DYAR, H. G. - 1906 a - Illustrations of mosquito larvae. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash.,
8 : 15-21, 5 pl.
1918 New American mosquitoes. Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 : 120-129.
-1919 A note on Argentine mosquitoes. Ins. Ins. Mens., 7 : 85-89.
-1921 j The mosquitoes of Argentina. Ins. Ins. R/lens., 9 : 148-150.
-1922 Notes on Tropical American mosquitoes. Ins. Ins. Mens., 10 :
188-196, 8 fgs.
INTRODUCTION
--.__---
25
26
IV.
C. 1913 - Sanitary organisation of the Isthmian Canal. J. Ass.
Med. Bul., 28 : 192-222.
HECHT, 0. and ANDTXE, P. J. - 1942 - Contributi6n al conocimiento de la fauna
Culicidiana de la parte Xorte de la Guayana Venezolana. Rev. Ent. Ven.,
3 (3) : 105-118.
HILL, R. B. and HILL, C. M. 1945 - A list of mosquitoes found in Jamaica.
Cat. Ins. Jamaicensis, supl. 3 pp.
~---- 1948 - The mosquitose of Jamaica. Bul. Ins. Jamaica. Sci. Ser., 4 : 60 pp.,
10 pl.
HUXTER, W. D. 1900 - Catalogue of the Diptera of South -4merica. Trans.
Am. Ent. Sot., 26 : 260-298.
KERTESZ, C. - 1902 - Cat#alogus Ii?terorum.
Mus. Xat. Hungaricum, 1 : 338 pp.
KNAB, F. - 1915 - (in Strong et al.) - Xotes on Peruvian mosquit,oes and mosquito literature.
Rept. of the first expedition to South America, 1913. Harvard School of Trop. Med., z4p., III, pp. 212-217.
KO~IP, W. H. W. - 1936 - An annotated list of t,he mosquitoes found in the vicinity of an endemic focus of yellow fever in the Republic of Colombia. Proc.
Ent. Sot. Wash., 38 (4) : 57-70.
KUlrlhf,
H. W. - 1931 - The geographical distribution of the yellow fever vectors.
Am. J. Hyg., (Mon. Ser. 12) : 110 pp.
KTJMM,
H. W. and FROBISHER, 11. 1932 - Attempts to transmit yellow fever
with certain Brazilian mosquitoes and with bedbugs. Am. J. Trop. Med.,
12 (5) : 349-361.
Kuhfnr, II. W. and NOVIS, 0. - 1938 - Mosquito studies on the Ilha de MarajG,
Par& Brazil. Am. J. Hyg., 27 (3) : 498-515.
KUNN, H. W. and SOTO, H. RXJIZ - 1940 - The mosquitoes of Costa Rica. Am.
J. Trop. Med., 20 : 385-422.
Kvnrnf, H. W. and ZUNIGA, H. - 1942 --- The mosquitoes of El Salvador. Am. J.
Trop. Med., 22 (4) : 399-415.
LAKE,
J. 1933 - Notas sobre a distribui@o geographica dos Culicideos de S.
Paulo. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 4 (2) : 72-75.
-- ~~ 1935 - Notas sobre Culicideos de Rifaina. Rev. Biol. Hyg., 6 (2) : 74-78.
1936 a - Notas sobre Culicideos de Mato Grosso. Rev. Mus. Paul., 20 :
173-206, 4 pl.
~
1936 b Notas sobre mosquitos de Sao Paulo. Rev. Mus. Paul., 20 :
GORGAS,
229436.
1936 c - Notas sobrcl mosquit,os de Sao Paulo.
INTKODUCTIOS
LUDLOW, C. S. - 1913 - Disease bearing mosquitoes of North and Central America, the West Indies and the Philippine Islands. War Dept. Office Surgeon
Gen., Bul. 4 : 97 pp., 30 fgs. 27 pls.
LUTZ, A. - 1912 - Contribuiqgo para o estudo da biologia dos dipteros hematcifagos. Mcm. Ins. 0. Cruz, 4 : 75-83.
__-1928 - Estudios de zoologia y parasitologia Venezolanas. 133 pp., 26 pl.
T,T~Tz,A. and MCIACHADO, 8. - 1915 - Viajem pelo rio S. Francisco e por alguns dos
seus afluentes entrc Pirapcira (3 .Joazeiro. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 7 (1) : 5-50,
18 pl.
Mrlc
DON_~LD,
A. 1917 - Notes on blood sucking flies in Grenada. Bul. Ent.
Res., 7 (3) : 259-264.
MARTINI, E. 1931 a - Die Ausbeute der deutschen Chaco-Expedition 1925/6.
XXV Culicidae. Konowia, 10 (2) : 116-120.
--~ 1931 b - Ueber einigc sudamerikanische Culiciden. Rev. Ent., 1 : 199-219.
--1935 - Los mosquitos de Mexico. Dep. Sal. Pub. (Bol. Tech. Ser. A. n. l),
67 pp., 11 fgs.
MATHESOS, R. - 1934 -- Sates on mosquitoes from South America, with a description of a new species. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 36 : 120-122.
Notes on mosquitoes. Daily Argosy, 62, 11, 26.
MOORE, H. W. B. Aug. 29, Sept. 20 Oct.
MULLIN-DIAZ, E. - 1947 - A prop&it0 de algunas especies de Culicini nuevas
para el Uruguay. An. Ins. Hig., iMontevideo, 1 (1) : 135-155.
NEIVA, A. and BARBARIC, B. 1916 - Contribucibn al estudio de 10s Artr6podcs
hematofagx de la Rep. Argentina. Bol. Dep. Nat. Hyg., 2 (2) : 17-35.
_
1917 - Mosquitos Argentinos. 1. conf. Sot. S. Americana de Hig. Micr.
Pat., B. Aires, pp. 395-401, 6 fgs.
NEIV,Q, A. and PENNA, B. - 1916 - Viagem cientifica pelo Korte da Bahia, Sudoeste de Pernambuco, Sul do Piaui e de Norte a Sul de Go&s. Mem. Ins.
0. Cruz, 8 (3) : 74-224, 1 map, 28 est., 116 fgs.
NEVEU-LEMMAIRE, M. - 1902 - Description de quelques moustiqur s de la Guyanc.
Ar. Par., 6 : 5-25, 15 fgx
NEWSTEAD, R.. and THOMAS, H. If. 1910 - The mosquitoes of t,hc Amazon
region. An. Trop. Med. & Par., 4 : 141-150.
OLIVEIRA, S. J. - 1942 - Sobre OS mosquitos do E. de Mato Gross0 corn a descriqao clo macho de Tneniorh?/lnchus (Rhyncholaenia) shannoni. Rev. Bras.
Biol., 2 : 209-212.
PATERSON, G. and SHANNON, R. C. - 1927 a - Mosquitos de Embarcacicin (Salt,a).
3.a Reun. Sot. Arg. Pat. Reg. N., 649-658.
1927 - Mosquitos de Embarcacibn (Salta) con notas sobre la zona biologica de1 Chaco. Bol. Ins. Clin. Cir., B. -4., 3 : 757-766.
PAZOS, J. H. - 1909 - Contribucidn al estudio de 10s mosquitos de Cuba. San.
y Ben., 2 (1): 29-63.
--1904 - Liste de moustiques de Cuba. Bul. Sot. Ent. France, 134-135.
PERYAS&, A. G. - 1922 - Considera@es medico-sanit&rias e biologicas do Vallc
do Rio Dote. A Fl. Med., 3 (13114): 145-148, and 157-164.
_-_1923 - Cat&log:, das subfamilias, g&neros e esp&ies de mosquitos do Brasil.
A Fl. Med., 4 : 69-71, 74-76, 85-87.
PETROCCHI, J. - 1923 - Estado actual de la sistem&t,ica de 10s Cztlicinae (mosquitos) en la Rep. Argentina.
Enumeracibn de Esphcies. Rev. Ins. Bact. B.
Aires, 3 : 83-93.
- - 1924 Mosquitos transmissores. Guia de su classification.
Dep. Nat.
Hig., B. Aires.
PINTO, C. 1930 a Arthropodes parasit,os e transmissores de mol&tias.
1:
l-397 and 2 : 397-843, ill.
.-- -- 1930 b - Mosquitos da regiao neotrcipica. 1. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 23 (3) :
153-157, 2 pl.
28
--
INTRODUCTION
INTRODtTCTION
29
486-499.
TULLOCH, G. S. - 1937 - The mosquitoes of Puerto Rico. J. Agr. Univ. P. Rico,
21 (2) : 137-167, 8 fgs., 1 map.
VARGAS, L. - 1940 - Clave para identificar algunos generos de mosquitos americanes, utilieando 10s caracteres de 10s adultos. Rev. Ins. Enf. Trop., 1
(2) : 189-198.
WEYEIVBERGH, H. - 1882 - Los habitantes (vertebrados y invertebrados) de1 rio
Primeiro.
Montevideo, Uruguay.
\TIIITMAN, I,. and ANTUNES, P. C. A. - 1937 - Studies on the capacity of various
Brazilian mosquitoes of the genus Psorophora, Aedes, Mansonia and Culex
to transmit yellow fever. Am. J. Trop. Med., 17 (6) : 803-823.
of CULICIDAE.
Subfamily- DIXINAE.
We consider this as a subfamily of t)he ir&cidac NS Edwards
(1929, 1932) and Johannsen (1934) have done although several authors
have given it a family rank.
Characters
Adult : Scaleless, covered only by hairs. Head
and mouth parts short and not adapted for sucking. Palpus five
segmented, the first globose, the others long and bent inwards. Clypeus shorter than the length of head. Antenna with developed scapc
which is nearly as large as torus ; flagellum filiform and with fourteen
segments in both sexes. Eyes large, reniform, wide apart above but
nearly united below.
Thorax sparsely hairy.
Abdomen without
scales. Male genitalia without a basal lobe on basistyle, the apical
lobe developed. Dististyle simple. Ninth tergite developed. Wing
very long and without< scales on veins. Subcost,al vein ending at base
of second vein ; second vein with oblique and short, stem, the branches
parallel and usually bending downwards ; fourth vein with long stem,
* This key is a modification
and Edwards (1932).
Fig.
7.
Dixa
(Dixella)
Original.
torrentia
Lanr,
1939.
Profile
D I
33
A E
the branches short. Squamula nude. Haltere very long and developed,
generally longer than the width of t borax. Legs long, comaeelongate
and developed.
Pupa Abdomen elongate. Paddles fused basally. Tergites
with median tubsrcles.
Larva Elongak, nearly cylindrical. Head short. Maxillary
palpus antenna-like. Ventral pseudopods present and in pairs on the
under portion of the first and second abdominal segments as well as
in the fifth and sixth, or fifth to seventh segments, when they take tl~e
form of sclerotized plates (functioning as pseudopods). Posterior spiracles surrounded by a complex valvular process, the anterior and
posterior valves surrounded by hairs. Anal segment elongate and
without brush.
Note Two genera are considered as valid in this subfamily.
They arc IXxu and LVeodixa. The genus Neodixa, from New Zealand,
is monot8ypical and characterized by n peculiar type of wing venation,
one of the branchx of the second vein being absent. Edwards (1932)
thinks that such a character can 1)~ anomalous since the single species
is rcpresentcd by one specimen.
Genus DIVA
1818
Dixa
hleigen,
Syst.
Beschr.,
1916
Eriopterites
Meunicr,
T;erh.
1924
Dixella
and Dixapelln
and marginata
Loew.
1924
Paradixa
1930
Nothodixa
Tonnoir,
Edwards,
Meigen, 1818.
Type
Pat.
Rlus.,
mncuZata.
Amsterdam
:md Shannon,
Cant.
Dipt.
218 -
Akad.,
Dy.w
Rec.
Ins.
223 -
S: S. Chile,
(2),
18,
Ins.
hlens.,
Type
(31, 15 -
nco:elandiea
101 -
Type
Tl.pe
12 : 201 -
iwtiurius
Typms lirio
Mermirr.
D.
&z S.
Tonnoir.
campbelli
Ales.
for
the
subgenera
adn
and
Dixella.
species
of
Nothodisa
2 .
afrovittata
nitida
. 3.
4. Wing ornamented with spots
.
. . 8.
Wing without spots
. .....
.
5. Wing with a single spot in the center . . . . . . . . .
. . . 6.
Wing with other spots as well . .
.. .. . .
. . . . . 7.
6. M~~onotum with three black velvety marks . . . . . . . argeniina
Mesonotum brown, the marks dark brown ,
. . wygodxinskyi
7. Abdomen blackish . .
.
.
. trinifmsis
. cln~dus
Abdomen dark brow:!? . . . . . . . .
..
8. Mesonot,um with three rounded spots of a velvety black color. 9.
Without such spots on mesonotum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.
9. Pleura with an irregular transversal band of a velvety black
color...............................................
alra
Two blackish spots on pleura, the first on propleura and reaching t)he anterior margin of sternopleura and lower portion of
posterior pronotum ; the second on posterior margin of ster.
..
.
. . Zimai
nopleura jus;t above meron . . . . . .
. . . II.
10. Anterior portion of mesonotum without a silvery spot . . .
Mesonotum yellowish, with a large spot on anterior portion giving off a silvery sheen in certain angles ; pleura yellowish
with two transverse brown bands ; upper portion of head
silvery ; male genitalia with the basiatyle as broad as long,
apical lobe about one third the length of bxistyle and ending
in three stout setse ; dististyle slightly longer t,han basistyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . andeana
11. Mesonotum light or dark brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.
Mesonotum brilliant black with yellowish border that, from the
anterior portion reaches root of wing ; male genitalia with
basistyle broader than long, apical lobe longer than height
spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.
Pleura without :I black spot ; transversal bands may, however,
15.
bc p1x5:,nt . . . . .._........................_...........
13. Without two small rounded spots on mesonotum besides the
three large ones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.
With such spots ; pleura with a single band, the black spot on
Aernopleura ; occiput yellowish ; propleura blackish. . hoffmani
14. Occiput yellowish ; pronotrtl lobe brown on top, yellow below ;
propleura yellowish ; legs yellowish, male genitalia with basistyle wider than long, apica,l lobe shorter than baGstyle and
without setae or modified strl:ctrrre~ at apes ; dististyle longer
than length of basistyle . . . . .
. ...
. . venexuclensis
Occiput blackish : pronotal lobe dark brown ; propleura brown ;
legs dark brown ; male genit,alia with bas&ylz longer than
wide, apical lob:: nearly as long as basistyle and wit,h three
apic2.l t?cth ; dististyle one and n half times the length of
..
.
chapcade~zsis
bnsistyle and modified at ap?s
15. Pronotal lobe brown. .
. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 16.
Pronotxl lobe blackish ; pleura with two bands ; a.ntenna with
blackish torus ; haltere with darkened knob ; r-m with stem
of 2nd. and 3rd. veins anastomozcd for a short length after
r-m ; male genitalia with the apical lobe nearly as long as
basistyle and bare ; dististyle one and a half times as long as
.... ......
. . . . . . . . . . . peruviana
basistyle .
16. Median mesonotal spot indistinct
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.
Median mesonotal spot distinct and of the same color as the two
lateral ones ; clypeus as long as one and a half to twice the
grea.test width ; wing with stem of 2nd. vein and 3rd. anastomozing for a short length after r-m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clavulus
17. Mcsonotum lighter anteriorly, darker posteriorly ; m-cu before
fork of second and third vens ; male genitalia with the basist!yle longer than wide, t,he apical lobe shorter than the basistyle and ending in a point, dististyle slightly longer than basistyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . torrentia
Mcsonotum dark brown, bordered with yellow on fore portion,
up to root, of wing ; plxra with transversal band ; stem of
2nd. and 3rd. vein with lxs than half the length of these veins ;
male genitalia wit,h basistyle lit,tle longer than wide ; apical
lobe slightly longer than basistyle and bare ; dististyle more
than twice the length of basistyle . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . shannoni
The males of the following species are unknown : - clavulus
Williston, afra Lane and hoffmani Lane.
36
s I
As the pupae and larvae of only a few species are known there is
no need of keys for them.
Subgenus SOTHODIXA
1930
Nothodim
1912
Lane,
Rev.
Edwards,
Ent.,
Dipt.
13
Pat.
& S. Chile,
Edwards,
2 : 101 -
type
1930.
campbtlii
_Ucx.
: 8.3.
(Nothodixa)
1913
Diva
Alexander,
1930
Dixa
(No&xGm),
Edwards,
Ent.
News,
21:
Dipt.
Alexander,
chilensis
1913
176.
Kl.t.
8: s.
Chile,
10F.
Male Mouth parts reduced, brown. Clypeus longer than broad, yellow
in the middle, brown on the sides, covered with sparse, short, pubescence. Palpus
blackish ; third segment slightly shorter than second *, fourth longest. Antenna
with reduced, yellowish scape ; torus longer than broad, large, mostly brown,
yellowish at extreme base ; flagellum as long as thorax ; first flagcllar segment
twice the greatest width, the broadest, 2nd. also fusiform, shorter and slenderer
than the first, 3rd. with a more cylindrical shape, the other segments becoming
cylindrical and losing their distinctiveness ; first four segmeuts with longer setae.
Occiput yellowish pruinose with distinct sublateral brown marks.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown. Propleura blackish. Mesonotum yellow with
three dark brown marks whose margins are bordered with black ; the median
mark goes from the anterior margin to near scutellum ; the lateral ones from about
anterior third reach scutellum ; covering formed by a double row of setae. Scutellum yellowish in the middle, on the sides brown. Pleura with two brown transversal stripes ; posterior pronotum yellowish and slightly darker in the middle ;
first stripe from anterior coxa to over apex of third one : second stripe from propleura reaches the base of hal_tere. Postnotum dark brown.
Legs. Fore cosa dark-brown,
mid and hind ones yellow.
Trochanteres
yellow with an internal dark spot. Femora and tibiae of fore :~nd mid pzirs yellow
* Unless otherwise stated, all our measurements are approximate.
with the apex brown ; hind pair with yellow femur but brown markings larger ;
corresDonding tibia dark brown, blackish at apex and yellow preapically.
Wing with veins and spots as in fig. 8. Hnltere with pale stem and black
knob.
Fig.
8.
Dixa
(Nothodixa)
chilensis
Alexander,
1013.
Wing.
Original.
Abdomen with dark brown tergites, covering formed by pale hairs. Sternites yellowish and very sparsely setose.
Genitalia (fig. 9) : Basistyle as broad as long. Dististyle two thirds the leng$h
Fig.
Fig.
0.
Fig.
9.
Diva
(Nothodira)
chilcnsis
Fig.
11.
Dixa
(Nothodixa)
Ilitida
Original.
dististyles.
Alexander,
Edwards,
1013.
19::O.
1lnlc
Males
11.
genitalia.
geilifalia.
Original.
Cnsistyles
and
1) 1 s I s .I
3s
Dixa
(Nothodixa)
nitida
Museum.
Edwards, 1930.
FSZ. 10.
--
L)ixa
(Nothodixa)
nitida
P:d\r,?rds,
1930.
\Ving.
Original.
39
IXxa
1930
Diza
1942
Lane,
(Nothodixa)
(Nothodiza)
, Edwards,
Rev. Ent.,
13 : 84,
Dipt.
fg.
atrovittata
Pat.
8: S. Chile,
Edwards,
2 (3)
1930.
2.
Female - Mouth parts reduced. Palpus dark brown. Clypeus brown and
sparsely setose. Upper portion of head shining dark brown. Antenna with scape
incised ; torus dark brown, elongate, slightly shorter than twice its broadest
width ; flagellum with segment I t,hree and a half times greatest width ; first
four segments distinct, with strong basal setae which do not form verticils, other
segments subcylindlical
and becoming progressively indistinct towards apex ;
length about one third longer than thorax.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe and propleura blackish brown, pruinose. Mesonotum
yellowish, with three blackish spots, the mesial one from anterior margin to prescutellar area ; the lateral ones from beyond the middle of disk to scutellum ; disk
sparsely pilose. Scutellum yellow, with ten marginal setae. Postnotum yellowish
Pleura yellowish above and brown below.
at base, brown posteriorly.
Legs brown, darker at apex of femors and tibiae, on hind leg which is thickened, they are even darker. Claws with a singule tooth.
Wing unicolorous. Veins as in fig. 12. Haltere longer than width of thorax
between wings ; stem pale, knob blackish.
Abdomen : Tergites blackish with pale hairs. Stefnites brown.
Fig.
12.
IJim
(Nothodixa)
atro\ittata
Edwards,
1930.
\Vinc,.D
Original.
Disa
1930
Dim
<Nothodixa),
(Nothodixa)
Edwards,
Dipt.
Pat.
ensifera
& S. Chile,
Edwards,
1930.
2 (3) : 103.
40
Wring unicolorous.
Fig.
13.
Dixa
_I
(Kotlldixa)
ensifera
Ed\rnrds,
1930.
yellowish.
1Ving.
Original.
Legs as in D. atrovittata.
Abdomen : Tergites blackish with pale hairs. Sternites dark brown.
.$Iale - Similar to female, the mesonotal spots coalescing. Spine on hind
basitarsus smaller than in D. nitida.
Genitalia : (fig. 14). The striking penis sheath is twice the length of-abdomen
in dried specimens.
Bnsistyle large, irregular, with two small setose protuberances on internal,
apical surface. Dististyle slender, curved, less than half the length of basistyle,
with two preapical internal setae.
Type locality - Chile, Casa Pangue, Ancud. Type in B. MY.
Distribution Chile.
Subgenl-s Dixella
1924
Dixella
Dysr
1924
Paradim
6c Shannon,
Tonnoir,
Rec.
Ins.
Ins.
Cant.
R!Ienq., 12
Mus.,
& Shannon.
We do not think that the m-cu transversal vein, blurred in DixeZZa and distinct in Paradixa is a sufficient character to maintain both of these as distinct
subgenera. With regards to the first flagellar segment (third antenna1 segment),
we found that it varies from more than five times up to eleven times the greatest
width. The species hitherto known vary from 1,8 to 2,5 mm. in length. The wing
measures from 2,2 to 3 mm. from base to apes.
The pupae of only four species are known (D. venczuelensis, trinitensis, Zimai
and wygodzinskyi) and the same holds true for the larvae in our region. The characters used by Edwards for the separation of this subgenus from Paradixa (pupa
with wing-sheath serrate on margin, larva without long setae in internal region of
head and caudal process short and without distinct terminal spine) are only true
for D. venezuelensis. Other pupae show characters of Paradiza.
Foi the above
reasons we have synonymized these two subgenera.
Dixa
1942
Dixa
1942
Lane,
(Dixella)
Rev.
(Disella)
Dy:tr
FM.,
13
$ Shannon,
Dyer
lirio
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
87.
an indefinite yellowish stripe ; legs yellowish, middle and hind femora blackish
apically ; all tibiae darkened apically ; all claws pectinated. Petiole of R.2 slightly
longer than thesforks ; abdomen pale, eighth segment black. Length, 23 mm.
Male hypopygium.
(Fig. 15) Eighth segment chitinized and infuscated all
Fig.
14.
Fig.
14.
Dixa
(Nothodixa)
dististyle.
Original.
Fig.
15.
Dixa
(Dixella)
lirio
dististylc.
Original.
Fig,
ensifera
Dyar
Edwaucls,
&
Shannon,
1950.
1924.
l\lalc
Male
1.5.
genitalia.
genitalia.
Bnsistyle
and
Basistyle
and
around, the infuscation less dorsally, where the ring is a little wider. Aedeagus
invisible. Side piece obliquely conical, wider than long, infuscated and minutely
setose besides a few normal large setae outwardly ; only one lobe, a long angular
structure, reaching middle of clasper, a seta at each angle, the tip curved over.
Clasper longer than side piece, infuscated, conical, with rounded tip. Tenth sternites flattened thin, with darker margins, plsojecting normally, with two spines at
the tip. Nnth tergites a pair of long inflated tubes, finely setose at base, the tip
with angular ridges, and just before it a ridge shaped like a dormer window, its
margin roughened by a few tubercles.
A very distinct species, for which t,he subgeneric name DiseTla is proposed.
Type locality - Panama,
Canal Zone, Monte Lirio. Type in U.S.S.M.
Distribution - Panama.
Observations - Antenna is about twice the length of mesonotum. The abdomen is pale.
I)
42
Dim
1896
D$.z:n Williston,
1942
D&z
(Dixella)
Trans.
(Dizellu) Lane,
Ent.
Rev.
Sot.
Ent.,
F:
Williston,
clavulus
London,
13
1896.
298.
85, 90.
Disa
1943
Dtia
(DizeUn)
Lane,
(Dixella)
Rev.
Ent.,
14
trinitensis
162,
Lane, 1943.
1 fig.
Female - Mouth parts twice the length of clypeus, yellowish white. Clypeus wider than long, dark brown, pruinose. Palpus longer than mouth parts,
light brown, the last segment slender. Antenna with yellowish scape ; torus yellowish, the inner side with whitish pruinosity ; flagellum dark brown, two and
a half times the length of mesonotum ; 1st. segment ten times greatest width ; 2nd.
to 9th. about the length of the 1st. fl.xgellnr segment ; other segments indistinct.
Occiput bulging and yellowish above, brown on the sides and below, with two setae
on each side.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brownish yellow at ends. ,Mesonotum with dark
brown integument except on anterior margins which are yellowish and meet snte-
Fig.
16.
Dixa
(Dixella)
trinitensis
Lane,
1943.
Wing.
Original.
DIYINAE
.-. - _ __-- __ __-__I
-~
4::
__ _
riorly ; two darker stripes extend alon,v dorsocentral setae, these setae are small
and indistinct except on prescutellnr region where they are quite visible ; prescutellar region darker ; integument between stripes of a lighter color. Scutellum
blackish, with eight ma.rginal setae inserted at regular intervals. Postnotum dark
brown, pruinose. Pleura with anterior pronotum yellowish, the other sclerites
with lightel. areas.
Legs : Coxae yellowish, trochanters with a blackish spot internally. Femora
yellowish, apex blackish, preapical region of a lighter color. Tibiae with the same
color as femora. Femora and tibiae covered with brown setae. Tarsi yellowish,
covered with dark brown setae aud ending in two simple claws.
Wing spoted.
(fig. 16). Haltere longer than width of thorax, whitish at
base and darker on rest of stem and knob.
Abdomen with short, pale hairs. Blackish above, whitish below. the colors
separated on the sides in a straight line.
Nale (fig. 17). Similar to the female. Genitalia : Basistyle as broad as
long, attenuated apically. covered with short pilosity but with six long setae at
apex ; apical lobe half as long as bssistyle, pilose at base, the rest glabrous, a slender
seta in the middle and two thick apical setae, curved at apex, one of them inserted
at apex and tlhe other slightly below. Dististyle slightly shorter than basistyle,
densely pilose, thick, curved and with three short setae, they are curved, differentiated and inserted at base ; there ace seven setae at apex and three slentlcr and
Fig.
Fig. 17. -
Dixa
tistyle.
Fig. 17 A. -
Dixa
17.
(Dixella)
Fig. 17 .\.
trinitenkis
Lane,
1943.
Male
genitalia.
Easistyle
and
dis.
Original.
(Dixella)
Original.
trinitensis
Litn~,
1943.
Pupa. Terminal
abdominal segments.
segments spiculose as well. Head narrower than prothoras, broacler than long.
Antenna short, with hairs at apex. Prothoracic setae more than twice the length
of head ; hair formula 1-2-2-1-1-1-1.
Mesothorax with two lateral Iong setae.
Metathorax with three small lateral setae.
Abdomen with pseudopods on segments I and II. All segments with short
and simple setae. Terminal segments as in figure 18.
Type locality - Trinidad
(B.W.I.).
Type in F.H.
Distribution Trinidad
(B.W.I.)
and Bras&
State of Bahia.
Note - The specimens from Bahia have the body darker and the mAle genitalia shows more setae on dististyle.
Dixa
1920
Dim
Alexnnder,
1942
Dim
(Dixdlrl)
Ent.
Lanr,
(Dixella)
New,<,
Rev.
31:
Ent.,
argentina
Alexander, 1920.
29-1.
13 : 90
Male
Mouth parts reduced. Clypeus nearly as long as wide, yellowish,
with a seta in the middle. Palpus much longer than mouth parts, dark brown ;
1st. segment globose, 2nd. the longest, 3rd. and 4th. shorter than 2nd., the 5 th.
slender. Antenna with light yellowish scape, torus darkeLm; flagellum dark brown,
sparsely pilose, the first segment about ten times the greatest width ; 2nd. to 7th.
segments about half as long as the first segment, remaining segments indistinct.
Occiput dark brown, shining, with four short setae on each side.
Thoras : Fronotal lobe brown, shining. Mesonotum with brown integument
but yellowish in the middle and on anterior margins ; three blackish spots present ;
the mesial one is cuneiform while the lateral ones are rounded ; acrostichal and
45
A E
dorsocentral setac small and pale. Scutellum dark brown. Pleura with posterior
pronotum, borders of wing sclerite and base of sternopleura yellow, the rest dark
brown.
Legs : Anterior coxa brown, the middle and hind ones yellowish as well as
trochanters, these have an internal dark spot. Femora and tibiae brown, a little
lighter internally,
the apes darker.
Claws pectinate.
Wing with a small rounded dark spot at r-m. (fig. 19). Hnltere longer than
the width of thorax ; the stem is pale and the knob is dark.
Fig.
10.
Dixa
(Disella)
argentina
Blesander,
1920.
sting.
Original.
Abdomen sparsely pilose. Tergites dark brown, sternites yellowish, the colors
are separated on the sides in a straight line.
Genit.alia : (fig. 20). Basistyle setose, ljronder than long, the apex rounded ;
Fig.
20.
Disa
(Dixella)
argcntina
Alesander,
1920.
Xabz
genitalia.
Original.
apical lobes smooth, longer than the bnsistyle and with a seta at base and internally,
the apex flattened and ending in three points inserted on an expanded portion.
Dististyle shorter than the basist,yle, strongly setose and with two differentiated
46
setae, one at apex and the other below the apex and on the same side. Mesosome
nearly hyaline, formed by two long slender sheaths which are serrate on the external
border. Ninth tergite hypertrophied as in the figure.
Female. pllpa and larva Unknown.
Qpe locality - Argentina,
Province of Cordoha, Alta Gracia, La Granja.
Type in F.H.
Disa
(Disella)
w~gdzirdcyi
Lane,
1945.
Fig.
I. - -- ~iwa (Dixella)
wygodzinskyi
Lane.
194.5.
M-illg.
Original.
Abdomen with black tergites and yellowish sternites, the colors separated
on the sides in a straight line.
Unknown.
Male Yupa - Tube as in fig.L22A. Cephalothorax darkened, nude.
Abdomen (fig. 22B) long, also darkened, the surface finely spiculose, the
segments with about the same size escept VII and VIII which are longer ; hairs
minute. Paddles fused at base, the length twice that of the eighth segment, both
margins finely serrate, the apex ending in two darker points.
Fig. 22.
Fig. 22. ---- L)ixa (3ixella)
wygodzinskyi
1945, Rev. Ent.).
Fig. 23-I.
Lane,
1945.
1943.
Pupa.
Larva
Tube.
Hrad
(Based on Lane,
and
prothorax.
Larca --- Head : (fig. 23X). Antenna strongly sclerotized and shorter than
the length of head, uniform, surface spiculose, a short hair beyond middle and
ending in shorter elements. Maxillary
palpus antenniform, the length slightly
shorter than that of antenna, the whole structure strongly sclerotized. Ventral
brush developed. Capsule of head cylindrical, more than half the length of thorax,
setae single and very short.
Thorax finely spiculose ; prothorax narrower than meso - and metathorax.
Prothoracic hair formula l-l-l-l-l-l-l,
hails 3, 6 and 7 short.
Abdomen spiculose, segments I and 11 with pairs of pseudopods. Terminal
segments as in fig. 24.
Iype locality - Brasil, State of S. Paulo, Cnmpos do Jordao. Type in F.H.
Distriblction - That of type locality.
Bionomics - Pupae and larvae were found in the water which gathers at the
base of epyphitic bromeliads growing in Arczucaria forests. The larvae take a U
shape position, with their ends sticking out of the surface of the water.
48
.I
__~__
_______~
Dixa
(Dixella)
1931
3942
Lane,
Rev.
Ent.,
A.
Fig.
24.
Nat.
Hist.,
F,dwards, 193 1.
: 261.
: 85,91.
Fig.
23
peruviana
& ?tIag.
Mule
yellowish.
Pi:.
13
.4n.
24.
Dixa
(Dixeila)
dorsal,
(Based
Fit.
wypodzinskyi
Lane,
1945.
on Lane,
1945,
Rev.
Ent.).
Dixa (Dixella)
wygodzinskyi
dorsal.
(Based
on Lane,
Lane,
1954,
1943.
Larra.
Rev.
Ent.).
PLlpa.
Terminal
2213.
~~bdominal
:~l~tloiiiinal
segments,
segments,
shorter than 4th. _kntenna with dark brown torus ; flagellum with 1st. segment
nine times greatest width ; 2nd. one and a half times t,he length of 1st. ; 3rd. and
4th. subequal and a little shorter than 1st. ; other segments indistinct ; length of
flagellum three times that of thorax. Occiput shining, dark brown, pruinose.
Fig.
Fiq. 23. -
Dixa
25.
(Dixella)
clististyle.
Fig.
33. -
Dixa
Fig. 33.
venezuelensis
(Dixella)
clististyle.
Lane,
1942.
Male
genitalia.
Gasistyle
and
Lane,
1939.
xialc
genitalia.
Basistyle
and
Original.
chapadensis
Original.
50
Dixa
1932
Dixa
(Dixclla)
1942
Dixa
(Dixela)
sp.
(Dixella)
Edwards,
venezudensis
Gen.
Lane,
Ins.,
Rev.
Type in H.M.
venezuelensis
Fasr.
194:
Ent ., 13
Lane,
1942.
15.
: 91,fge.
3 and 4.
Female - Mouth parts reduced, blackish. Clypeus elongate, two and a half
times the basal width, dark brown, sparsely pilose. Palpus blackish. Antenna
with scape very much rgduced, anteriorly cleft, light brown ; torus ovate, the
integument brown but darker on anterior portion ; flagellum with 1st. segment
little more than five times greatest width and thicker than others ; 2nd. half the
length of first ; first three segments distinct, the others quite fused ; flagellum
blackish and a little less than twice the length of mesonotum. Upper portion of
head shining brown, with a few marginal setac and sparse pilosity.
Thorax : Pronotnl lobe dark brown above, lighter below. Mesonotum with a
broad median, blackish stripe which, from the anterior portion, which is darker,
reaches the prescutellar depression ; two lateral spots from middle of disk reach
the scutellum, the rest of disk with yellowish integument.
Scutellum yellowish,
with marginal setae. Postnotum black, nude. Pleura with whitish integument
except for a dark brown stripe above coxae not including the anterior one ; another
stripe starts from behind the posterior pronotum, which is yellow, and reaches the
mesepimeron forming, in the upper portion of this sclerite, a distinct black spot.
Legs : Coxae yellowish. Femora, tibiae and tarsi blackish except the posterior femur which is yellowish and has a blackish apex. Claws thickened at apex.
Wing unspoted. (fig. 4). Haltere with white stem and yellowish knob.
Abdomen : Tergites blackish, sternites yellowish, the colors separated on
tlrc sides in a straight line.
Male --- Similar to female. Claws pectinate.
Genitalia : (fig. 25). Rasistyle broader than long, pilose over whole surface,
ext.ernally setosc ; basal lobe developed ; apical lobe shorter than the length of
basistyle, curved upwards, spiculose on basal half and with a sets at base. DisGstyle, t,hick, about twice the length of basistyle, curved, densely pilose and with
setae on external margin, the apes blunt. Sinth tergite large and setose.
Pzcpn -Tube
short, flared apically, margins dentate, opening nearly reaching
base. Cel)halothorax having the wing sheath strongly serl*:itc anteriorly.
Eig.
26.
I)ixa
(Dinella)
shannoni
Lane,
1942
Wing.
Originnl.
Abdomen one and a half times the length of thorax, the segments broader
than long, the last one subquadrat,e. All segments with a strongly sclerotized point
on apical corners of segments. Paddles over twice the length of segment VIII,
the anex filnmentous.
Larva - Prot,horacic hair formula l-Cl-l-1)-l-l-l.
JGst two segments wifh
pseudopods. Posterior segments wit!11 three rows of spine? in t,he middle.
Type locality -- 16Tellezuelzx, Marucay.
Type in mr.
Distribution - Venezuela
and Costa Rica.
Jfale - RIouth parts reduced, dark b~x~wn. Cly pew rounded, broader t h;Lil
long, spalzely pilose. Palpus the color of proboscis. Antenna with yellowish scape ;
torus globose, yellowish and with a few dark brown hail-s on upper surface ; first
flagellar segment more than six times its broadest widt,h ; 2nd. to 6th. about half
the length of first ; other segments indistinct ; length of flagellum twice that of
mesonotum. Upper portion of head pilose, blackish, shining except for a yellowish
spot on occipital region : two ocular setae.
Thoras : Pronotal lobe dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown, the middle
mark indistinct, laterally a broad yellowish stripe from the anterior portion to
little before root of wing. Scutellum blackish, pilose, with ten golden marginal
setae. Postnotum nude. Pleura dark brown with a transversal median yellowish
or silvery stripe.
Legs dark brown, apes of femom and tibiae Mwkish.
Wing unspotted. (fig. 26). Ilaltere darkened on stem a.nd knob.
Abdomen blackish and sparsely pilose.
Genitalia : (fig. 27). J3a~istyle short,, slightly longer than broad, basal lobe
rounded. developed, setose ; L
apical lobe quite developed and longer than basistyle,
curved towards apex, nearly nude, with a seta at base and a longer one beside it.
Dististylc over tn-ice the length of bnsistyle, Ftrongly spiculose and wtose, curved
:jntl thjckened at apex whirh is notched.
/lewa/e ---~ Similar to male.
7?/pp locu/ii!/ -- Costa Rica, Sun llIatco, IIigllit,o. Iy
pc in K.S.S.AI.
I)>.uf:ih//tion
Thnt of type loc31it8~-.
F~wuZc -~-- Mouth parts reduced,_ yellowish. Clypw~s longer than broad, reddish at apes, blackish at base. Palpus blakish. ,1ntenna with blackish scape and
a few setae ; torus blackish, ovate and wit,h a few setne (flagellum missing). Upper
portion of head shining blackish, t\vo ocular setae on each side.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, lighter below. hIesonotum very sparsely
setose, the surface smoot,h and shining black except for three velvety black spots ;
mesial one cuneiform. the lateral ones rounded and from middle of disk to root of
wing ; :I, small irregul:~~~yellowish pattern which, from where the posterior pronotum meets the post spiracular area goes to anterior portion. Scutellum the color
Pleura with the posterior pronotum
of mesonotum. Postnotum nude, black.
yellowish, other sclerites blackish escept for an irregular transversal velvety black
stripe.
T,egs blackish except the posterior femur which has a lighter tinge.
Wing unspoted. (fig. 28). Haltere longer than the width of mesonotum, d:trkened exceut at base of stem which is lighter.
.Ilale,A pupu an,d larva -- Unkno&.
7gpe locality - Panama,
Gatun Lake, (ano Saddle. Type in 1.8.N.3I.
Distrih~tion - That of type lorality.
Fig.
Fig.
25. -
Dixa
27.
(Dixella)
Fig.
shannoni
Lane,
3 942. Male
Original.
Fig.
30. -
Dim
(Dixclla)
andeana
Jiane, 1942.
Originid.
Fig.
28.
Dixa
(Dixella)
atra
Lane, 1942.
Xale
Wing.
genitalin.
genitalia.
Original.
30.
Bnsistyle
and distidyle.
Bnsiityle
and cli~ti~t3~le.
33
Dixa
1942
D~xa
(Diz~lZa)
Lane,
Rev.
(Dixella)
Ent..
13
andeana
Lane, 1912.
: 91,3 fgs.
McrZr - Mouth parts reduced, yellowish. Clypeus broader than long, rounded, dark brown, sparsely pilose. Palpus dark brown. -4ntenns with the scape
reduced, dark brown and bearing a few hairs below ; toras globose, whitish,
pruinose except for the upper portion which is dark brown ; flagellum with first
segment more than ten times the broadest width, elongate, cylindrical ; 2nd. to
6th. shorter than the first and indistinct as well as the other segments ; length
of flagellum about two and a half times that of mesonotum. Upper portion of
head bulging, broader than messnotum and covered with white pruinosity which
can give off silvery reflections ; a few ocular setae on each side.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe pruinose and silvery above, below with light brown
integument.
Mesonotum narrower than in the other species of the subgenus, the
median silvery pruinose spot broader anteriorly but narrowed on the prescutellar
region ; disk covered with the same pruinosity as the head, the sides yellowish
and finely pilose, the prescutellar depression with the same yellowish pale color ;
acrostichal and dorsocentral setae brown, the acrostichals reaching the prescutellar depression while the dorsocentrals reach the scutellum.
Scutellum finely
pilose, the integument yellowish and with ten marginal setae. Postnotum yellowish brown and nude. Pleura with yellowish integument except for two trnnsversnl
dark brown stripes.
Legs with coxae and trochanters yellowish. Femora and tibiae light brown
except at apex which is dark brown. Clsws pectinate.
Wing unspotted.
(fig. 29). Halterc brown, longer than \vidth of thorax :
base of stem pale, the rest blackish.
Fiq.
29.
Dixn
(Dixrlla)
andeana
Lane,
1942.
Original.
34
I)
Disa
1943
Dim
(Dirella)
(Disella)
T~:mc~,
Rev.
s I s
.I
k:
hoffmani
Ent., 13 : 95, 1
T,ttne, 1942.
fe.
Female -- Mouth parts and pnlpus blzlckish. Clypeus longer than broad? the
base blackish, the rest yellon-, sparse hairs in the middle. Antenna wit,h reduced
scape ; torus globose, both blackish ; 1st. flagellar segment six times the broadest
width ; basal four segments distinct, the others indistinct and linear ; length of
flagellum twice that of mesonotum. Upper portion of head shining blackish, pilose,
a few marginal and two ocular setae.
and yellow below. Propleura blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown ahovc~
Mesonotum pilose, with three large blackish elongate spots ; the mesial one with
a narrow brown line which divides it longitudinally ; the lateral ones from middle
of disk to behind root of wing ; there are t)wo additional dark brown, rounded
spots in front of the lateral ones ; prescutellar depression light brown ; dorsocentral
and acrostichal setne yellowish. Scutellum dark brown, a row of marginal setae.
Postnotum dark brown. Pleura with yellowish integument and a broad transversal
light brown band which originates a black spot on the sternopleura.
Legs with yellowish comae and trochanters. Femora and tibiae dark brown ;
posterior femur blackish at apes. Tarsal ~laws simple.
Wing unspotcd ifig. 31).
Fig. 31. -
Original.
Dixa
Puerto
the rest
Rico.
(Dixella)
chapadensis
Time, 1939.
AfaZe - Mouth parts reduced, dark brown. Clypeus broader than long, yellowish, sparsely setose. Palpus brown ; 1st. segment globose, 2nd. twice the greatest width, 3rd. twice the length of second, 4th. the length of 3rd and slender, 5th.
thickened and as long as 3rd. Antenna with yellowish scape that is strongly incised
anteriorly ; torus yellowish, rounded, whitish pruinose on anterior portion ; 1st.
flagellar segment eleven times the greatest width : segments 3-7 half the length of
3rd. segment, the others indistinct ; length of antenna more than twice that of
meeonotum. Occiput blackish, shining, with blackish ocular setae.
I)
s .\
.i5
F:
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, with two setae. Propleura brown.
Mesonotum with three dark brown large spots : t#he anterior one in the middle
and from anterior margin reaches the prescutellnr depression ; the two lateral
spots start at base of anterior third and reach the posterior margin ; dorsocentral
and acrostichal setne dark brown and indistinct.
Scutellum yellow, with eight
marginal setne. Pleura yellowish, with two transversal stripes, the first dark brown
and, from base of anterror coxa to the posterior one ; the second originates a black
spot on mesepimeron and is brown in the rest. extending from the middle of propleura to nearly the base of halt,eres.
Legs dark brown. Coxae with apical blnckislr setae. Femora of a lighter
tjnge at base and internally, on the middle one such a color is mpre extensive while,
on hind pair it covers the whole surface. Posterior tibia blackish ;,nd with an
apical spur. Tarsal claws pectinate.
Wing unspoted. (fig. 32). Hnltere yellowish, the stem long, tllc k:loh thick
and wit11 2111incision.
Pig.
:12.
Dixa
(Dixella)
chapadensis
Lane,
1939.
Wing.
Original.
Dixa
1939
Dixa
1942
Lane,
(Dixella)
Rev.
Lnne,
Ent.,
Bal.
(Dixella)
Hid.
(N.
torrentia
Ser.),
Lane, 1939.
101.
13 : 96, 1 fg.
Male - (fig. 7) Mouth parts reduced, dark brown. Clypeus nearly as broad
as long, dark brown. Palpus twice the length of clypeus, dark. Antenna with
scape broader than long, incised on the side internally, covered with sparse setae
before apex ; torus ovate, attenuated at apex and a little less than one and a half
times as broad as long ; third segment six times the broadest width, basally thickened and incised on apical fourth, the other segments indistinct ; length of flagellum
56
II
three times that of mesonotum. Occiput blackish, shining and with a few marginal setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe developed, dark brown, with four setae above.
Propleura brown. Xlesonotum with blackish integument, of a lighter color anteriorly, on the sides and in the prescutellar region ; acrostichal and dorsocentral
setae small but distinct. Scutellum yellowish with twelve marginal setae. PostPleura dark brown on sternopleural region, on the sides of a
notum yellowish.
lighter color : posterior pronotum with about five setae, other sclerites nude.
Legs pilose. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae and tarsi blackish, the hind
tibia thickened and bearing a terminal spur. Claws pectinate.
Wing unspoted. (fig. 34). Haltere darkended except at base of stem where it
is yellowish.
Fig.
34.
Dixa
(Dixeila)
torrcntia
Lanr,
1939.
Wing.
Original.
,\bdomen blackish, snarsely covered with dnrk brown hairs ; tergitcs bl~ickish. the stcrnites yellowish.
Genitalia : (fig. 3ii). Bssistyle setose, longer than wide : apical lobe shorter
than basistylc, curved at apex, thickened mesially and narroweel at end. Dististyle the length of basistyle, attenuated distally and with many strong setae internally. Sinth tergite in the shape of a triangular plate, incised at apes. Tenth
sternite with rounded tooth.
Female - Similar to the male except that the clypeus is l,nger than wide
and the claws are simple.
Pupa and lnrva Cnknown.
Type ZocaZitg-- Brad,
State of S. Paula, Mimcatb. Juquia. Types in F.H.
Ijistribution - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Juquia, State of Rio de Janeiro,
Grajahti, Tingua, Repress do Cigano and Itatinia.
Disa
1940
Disa
1042
I.ane,
(Di.rciin)
Rw.
bt.,
(Disella)
Santas,
Tese lac.
13 : 85, 97, 1
1imai
Santos,
1940.
Odont.
ff.
-,
,)h
I)
lx
spots ; the first on propleura and reaching the ant,erior margin of sternopleura
and inferior portion of poet.erior pronotum ; the second is on the posterior margin
of sternopleura above meron.
Legs brown. Femora and tibiae with slight distal darkening.
Wing unspoted. (fig. 36). Haltere slightly longer than width of mesonotum,
the st,em whitish, the knob blackish.
Eiz.
:Ifi. -
Diaa
(Dixella)
mng.
Santos. 1940.
limai
Original.
Fig.
E:ig. 3i.
37.
Dixa
Fig. 38.
(Dixdla)
Fig.
37.
Fig.
limai
Sxntos, 1940.
Male grnitalia.
limai
Santos, 1940.
Pupa.
39.
Original.
Fig. 38. -
Diva
(Dixella)
Fig. 39. -
Dixa
(Dixella)
Original.
limai
SantoS,
1940.
Pupa.
Tube.
Original.
Terminal
abdominal
segments.
than length of basistyle, nude except for two setae on distal portion, slender, thickened before apes, then attenuated and strongly curved. Dististyle one and a
half times the length of basistyle, densely hairy but sparsely setose, sknzler, slightly broadened apically and ending in a blunt point with three short setae.
Pupa (fig. 38). Tube twice as broad as long, reticulate on whole surface,
broadly opened from the middle to margin ; upper margin dentate. Cephalothorax
evenly colored and nude.
Abdomen long, unicolorous, the surface minutely
spiculose ; segments
subequal, hairs minute. Paddles slightly less than twice the length of segment
VIII, fused basally, the free outer portion slender, each paddle ending in a strongly
sclerotized, short, blunt spine ; inner surface dentate.
Larvn - (fig. 39). Head slightly broader than prothoras, subquadrangular.
Prothoracic hair formuIa 1-3-1-1-1-1-l.
Hair 7 is minute. Mesothorax with
two setae which are slightly longer t.han length of segment and lateral. Metathorax
with a small lateral setn.
Abdomen with first two segment bearing pseudopods ; segments V-VII with
setae. Distal segments as in fig. 39.
Type locality - Brad,
Stat,e of Minss Gerais, Uberaba. Type in the Iniversidade de Minas Gerais.
Distribution Brad,
State of Minas Gerais, Uberaba and Governador
Valadares ; State of S. Paula, Pirassununga ; State of Mato Grosso, Ssl6b~ :
State of Bahia, Romfim.
pig.
40.
Edwardsops
Original.
mngnificus
(LHIIC,
1012).
Profile
of
adult
male
to
shox\~ habitus..
Fig.
41.
Corethrclla
Original.
bromelicola
Profile
of
adult
to
show
Imbitus.
Subfamily CHAOBORTNAE.
Characters
-- Adult Alandible smooth. Male antenna plumose. Thorax generally without scales (except for the posterior tuft,
present in Chaoborini which is similar to the one found in Chironomidac
and the covering on mesonotum of some species of Corethrella and
Lulzomiops). Postnotum with a longitudinal groove which is sometimes
Sternopleura divided.
quite pronounced but generally vestigial.
Meron reduced. Jfale genitalia not undergoing the rotation process
found in Czdicinae. The habitus is given in figs. 30 and 41.
Pupa - Without the abdominal protuberances found in ZXxzkac.
Paddles fused at base.
Larua With antenna modified as a prehensile organ ; mout,h
brushes absent. Thoracic segments somewhat fused. .I11 known larvae
are predaceous.
Taxonomy --~ iZs t,o the subdivisions of this group we quote Edwards (1932) : -- The differences between these (genera) are on the
whole greater than those between the tribes of Culicinae, and, for
logical consistency we should recognise t,hree separate tribes of Chaoborinae, Corethrellini, (Corethrella only), Eucorethrini (Eucorcthra only)
and Chaoborini (the remaining genera) though nothing would be gained
by such a course, as the genera are so few. The Chaoborinae are in
some respects more primitive than the Culicinae, although the latter
cannot have been derived from any existing member of the former.
On the other hand there arc some noteworthy resemblances between
the Chaoborinac ati the Chironomidae, which have probably been
derived from the same primitive stock.!
?JTeaccept the division of Urnissubfamily into three tribes as being
logical and consistent with a more natural systematic arrangement.
We deem that the small number of genera described up to now could,
in part, bc explained by t,he fact that the group has not merited
much attention on t,he part of entomologists.
The three tribes of Chaoborinae are divided as follows : ---- 1.
Chaoborini with the genera Chaoborus, Mochlonyz, Cryophila, Promochlonyq Schadonophasma, ilrcochaoborus, Sayomyia and Edwardsops ;
2. Eucorethrini with the single genus Eucorethra ; 3. PorcthrPllini with
t,he genera Corethrella and Lutxomiops.
Taxonomical position - The reduction of a segment in the antenna
(in Neochaoborus anomalua, of several), the much reduced scape, the
lengt,hening of the costal vein, the wing with narrow scales along the
veins and the eyes united above, link the adults of this subfamily to
the Cldicinae. On the other hand, the short mouth parts, the body
nearly denuded of scales and the long, pendulous palpus, formed by
five segments, link it, to the Dixinae. In the larva, the thorax, being
broader than the abdomen, approximate it to the Culicinae. The above
mentioned characters place this subfamily in an intermediate position
between the Dixinae and Culicinae.
It is of interest to note that the projection of the thorax and retraction of the head, characters found in the adults of Chaoborini, as well
as tlhe tufts of scales on the upper portion of the mesonotum, found
in some genera of this subfamily, are common to the Chironomidae as
well. In three genera the siphon is developed (Mochlonyx, Corethrella
and Lutzomiops) while in Eucorethra it is reduced as in the Anophelini
and, in the other genera, it is absent.
Key
for the
tribes
and
genera
of CHAOBORINAE.
densely pilose . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 4.
Thorax never bulging over the head and, at most, slightly inclined
towardsthefront
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.
2. Clypeus always shorter than the length of the head and sparsely
pilose ; 1st. vein near the subcostal one ; body of adult always
with less than 3mm. in length ; cervical sclerite nude . . . . . . 3.
Tribe Eucorethrini.
Clypeus longer than the length of head, densely pilose ; 1st. vein
ending at apex of wing ; body with 10 mm. in lengt,h ; cervical
sclerite with upper tuft of long hairs . . . . . . . . . . . (Eucorethra.)
Tribe Corethrellini.
3.
--.___.-__
-. ___-
65
CHAOBORINAE
-_ --.
-- __--___
--___
___
_ ___.
6.
5. Antenna bearing 13 segments on flagellum .................
(Neochaoborus)
Whith only S/l0 segments on flagellum .........
6. Lower branch of 5th. vein ending in the lower margin of wing and
never parallel to it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Chaoborus)
(Schadonophasma)
Lower branch of 5th vein with a prolongation which is parallel
to the margin of wing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.
7. With a transversal vein between the 1st. and 2nd. longitudinal
veins, at about the distance of the transversal veins of the 3rd.
vein ; legs without spots or rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Edwardsops
Without such a t,ransversal vein ; legs with spots or rings in the
integument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sayomyiu
Key
for
Pupae.
Chaoborini
Tube with the spiracle opening mesially ...........
Tube with a nearly closed spiracle, placed at or near its end .... 2.
Corethrellini
2. Paddles rigid and fused at base ...................
Eucorethrini
Paddles free and with movement .................
1.
Key
for
Larvae.
EUCQRETHRINI
Edwards, 1932.
are a modification
Edwards, 1932.
CorethreUa
1911
Raw&z
1912
Corethrellu
Coquillett,
Aunandsle,
Lane,
J. N. Y. Ent.
Spolia
Rev.
Sot.,
ZeJ-landica,
Ent.,
Coquillett,
10 : 191 --
187 --
type
type
brakeleyi
inellfa
1902.
Coq.
Aun.
13 : 97.
Characters
Adult Besides the characters given in the keys we add
the following : - Clypeus slightly longer than wide and sparsely pilose ; antenna
filiform in the female, plumose in the male ; thorax slightly longer than wide ;*
scutellum with long marginal setae ; pronotal lobe reduced and lateral. Abdomen
short, the tergites densely covered with linear scales. Legs with very long pilosity
besides scales ; tibiae wit,hout spurs ; tarsal claws simple. Squamula with incompletc fringe. Habitus given in fig. 41.
Pupa - Tube short, the opening large. First abdominal segme&s appearing
fused to the cephalothorax. Postcrolateral angle of abdominal segment-3 protruding.
Paddles fused and pointed.
Larua - Head rounded and with a characteristic row of differentiated sctae.
Antennae approximat8cd, inserted in the frons, near mid-line, and doubled up in
grooves when not in use. Mandibles and mentum developed. Abdomen with long
laWa
setae. Siphon with apical hooks. Anal segment tubular. Ventral brush
with few hairs.
Bionomics - The aquatic stages are passed in a great variety of breeding
places, as follows : - C. brakeleyi, inepta, and quadrivittata breed in large swamps
or pools ; C. appendi&lata, blanda, fulva, infuscata, bromelicola, whitmani, arborealis and downsi breed in water collected in tree-holes, bamboo internodes, calatheas and bromeliads ; C. stonei and tripunctata breeds in the wat,er found inside
crabholes.
Nothing is known about, the eggs. The larvae are predacous and eat all
aquatic animals which they can get, from small Crustacea up to first stage mosquito
larvae. They rarely come to the surface and when this happens they rest parailel
to the surfare film. They can stay for a long time, without moving, anchored to
any object, by their siphonal hooks. The pupae take a vertical position in the water,
move very little and rarely come to the surface. The adults are found on fo@ge,
at low height,s, in humid forests. They are frequently attracted to light at night.
Key
for
the
adults
of CORETHRELLA.
CHAOBORINAE
67
G8
CHAOBORINAE
-_
-__-_
~HAOHOKINAE
___-_
______c___-
______~__
Corethrella
1939
Corethrella
1942 Corethrella
Lane,
Bol.
(Coretlwella)
Biol.,
(N.
Lane,
S.),
Rev.
fulva
4
Ed.,
___-
Lane, 1939.
107, 388,
13
69
_ __
101,
2 fgs.
fg. 7.
Femde Similar to the male. Antenna filiform and slightly less than three
times the length of mesonotum.
ivuZe - Mouth parts, clypeus and palpus light brown. Palpus with the lst.
segment small, broader than long, 2nd. thickened, slightly longer than broad, 3rd.
six times the broadest width, 4th. more than three times broadest width, last,
segment nine times as long as broadest width. Clypeus with sparse scales on median
region. Antenna densely plumose ; torus large, yellow, darker anteriorly and with
verticils of yellowish scales ; lst. flagellar segment twice the length of 2nd. ; 3-10
one and a half times as long as 2nd.; 11-14 about the same size as 2nd.; 2-13 broader
at base and plumose, terminal segment with blunt apex. Eyes separated above by
the distance of four ommatidia. Occiput covered with yellow scales, ocular margin
formed by setae of this color ; there is a darker median suture longitudinally
dividing the front and occiput.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe iridescent and with two yellow setae. Mesonotum
sparsely covered with linear scales, integument with two large lateroanterior
iridescent spots, the rest cream colored except for three yellow stripes on which
the acrostichal and dorsocentral setae are inserted ; median stripe from the anterior portion nearly reaching prescutellar region ; lateral stripes reaching scutellum ;
posterolaterally
there are additional yellow, setose, spots. Scutellum whitish
except for a dark rounded spot in the middle ; ten long marginal setae besides
smaller ones. Postnotum yellow. Pleura with two darker marks on sternopleura ;
tufts of short, pale setae on pronotum and mesepimeron.
Legs : Yellow, with iridescent spots on femoro tibia1 joints and darker on
distal portion of tibiae ; hind pair darkened. Tarsi with broad, darker, basal
rings from segments II-IV,
I and V yellow. Claws simple and unequal.
Wing : (fig. 42). With narrow yellow scales. Haltere whitish.
Fig.
42.
Corethrella
PuIva
Lane,
1939.
Wing.
Original.
Abdomen : Integument yellow and densely covered with hairs of this color,
the apical segments darker. Sternites with distal brown bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 43). Basistyle more than twice broadest width with a thick
internal seta besides five narrow ones on a row. Dististyle as long as basistyle and
with an internal seta on basal fifth. Claw developed. Nnth tergite pilose, the
hairs long. Tenth sternite conical and sclerotized. Mesosome shallow and weakly
sclerotized.
Fig.
43.
Corethrells
fulva
Lane,
1939.
Xalc
genitalia.
Original.
LI
Fig. 44. -
Curethrella
fulva
Lane,
1939.
Pupa.
.\bdominul
_____~
CHAOBORINAE
--__--_
71
.-.
Fig.
43.
Cor~thrella
fulva
Lane,
1939.
Head
ot larva.
Origiual.
Body nude, covered wit,11 numerous long hairs. Hooks of siphon long and
curved the posterior ones with two thirds the length of the anterior ones. Anal
segment with two long double setae.
Type locality Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, Per&.
Type in F. I-I.
Distribution Brad,
State of S. Paulo, (Per& and JuquiB) ; State oti
Ha.hia, (Salvador).
Bionon~ics - The aquatic stages are passed in the water held by epiphytic
bromeliads.
Corethrella
1W2Cmethrella
(Corethrella)
Lane,
Rev.
Lane, 1942.
tarsata
Ent.,
13
102.
Mule - Mouth parts blackish. Palpus blackish and covered with hairs of
this color. Clypcus blackish, sparsely pilose. Antenna with t,orus of the same color
72
-___
II _I 0 R 0
___--__
A E
as clypeus but lighter above, with verticils of golden hairs ; flagellum twice the
length of mesonotum, the segments with whitish plumosit,y. Occiput with blackish
integument, the ocular setae yellowish.
Thorax : Integument blackish. Pronotal lobe whitish, pruinose, with an
upper seta. Mesonotum with blackish integument, the pattern whitish and pruinose ; prescutellar depression with a blackish median stripe ; acrostichal and
dorsocentral setae golden, these the longest ; some setae and linear scales over the
root of wing and anteriorly.
Scutellum light, pruinose, except for a black spot in
the middle, with eight long marginal setae besides smaller ones. Postnotum blackish. Pleura blackish except for a shining spot on sternopleura.
Legs : Femora and tibiae of fore and mid pairs dark brown with a spot of
yellow scales on femoro tibia1 joint. Hind femur yellowish on distal half. Hind
tibia yellowish in the middle, with a broad blackish ring before base and another
one at apex. Basitarsus whitish on mid and hind legs. Tarsi with broad distal
whitish rings formed by integument and scales of this color.
Wing without spots, the veins with yellow scales. Haltere with whitish stem
and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish with long golden pilosity.
Genitalia : (fig. 46). Rasistyk three times the broadest width, attenuated
Pig.
46.
Corethdln
tarsata
Lane,
3942.
Original.
73
-at apex, setose ; a thick pointed seta at base and an internal irregular
long setae. Dististyle of the same length as basistyle with a seta on
Claw a terminal spicule. Ninth tergite elongate and blunt at end.
Female, pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - Bra&l, State of Bahia, Camassarf. Type in B.
Distribution - Bras& State of Bahia and Trinidad
(B.W.I.),
Corethrella
1939
Corethrella
Lane,
Bol.
Biol.
(N.
1942
infuscata
S.),
Rev.
row of five
basal third.
M.
Cumuto.
Lane, 1939.
: 389, 1 fg.
Ent.,
13
103.
Female - Similar to male. -4ntenna filiform and more than three t#imes the
length of mesonotum.
Male - Mouth parts and palpus dark brown. Clypeus dark brown with two
long median setae. Antenna with large, globose torus, reddish on top and dark
below, bearing verticils of golden hairs ; flagellum plumose, the hairs whitish,
integument darker at joints. Vertex covered with long proclinate, golden hairs.
Occiput with dark brown integument, pruinose on margin of eye, ocular setae
golden and small setae, of this color, on nape.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe whitish with long golden setae. Mesonotum with
brown integument, lighter lateroanteriorly with an irregular pruinose spot ; there
are three stripes corresponding to the insertion of the acrostichal and dorsocentral
rows of setae, these stripes are blackish, from the middle up to scutellum ; covering
of golden hairs ; prescutellar depression blackish on top narrowing towards scutellum, brown on the sides. Scutellum light brown with a median blackish spot
and ten long, marginal setae besides short hairs. Postnotum glabrous, brown.
Pleura dark-brown, blackish near coxae.
Legs with anterior and mid femora brown except at base which is blackish ;
hind femur also blackish at base, brown in the middle and yellowish at apex, the
transition of one color to the other gradual. Fore and mid tibiae slightly darker at
base, brown in the middle and with a large blackish spot at apex ; hind tibia with
distinct rings at base and apex, the middle portion yellowish ; basitarsi vcllowish,
other tarsi with blackish rings, the distal portion whitish ; II blackish on basal
half, whitish on the rest.
Wing without spots, covered with golden scales. Haltere with whitish stem
and vellowish knob.
-Abdomen brown, densely covered with golden pilosity.
Genitalia : Basistyle three times basal width, blackish at apex, with sis
setae ending in a sharp point ; two of them basal, one small, the other thicker,
the remaining four setae arrange themselves diagonally from base. Dististyle
longer than basistyle with a long basal seta and terminal spicule.
Pupa - Tube ovate, the opening large. Cephalothoracic group of setae small
and simple. Thoracic integument dark except at anterior portion.
Abdomen : (fig. 47). Darkened in the middle ; abdominal segment I with a
simple and large seta on anterior plate ; III-VII
wit,h seta B simple, short but
distinct ; setae A of segment IV-VII
distinct but short ; lateral margins of segments
smooth. Paddle with a lateral external seta beyond middle ; apex pointed and
ending in a long and a short setae.
Larva - Head triangular.
Antenna longer than length of head, in a sharp
curve at apex which ends in three long setae ; such setae are half as long as antenna
and curved ; there is also a central appendicle ; lateroposterior row with eleven
spines ; mouth brushes formed by many hairs. Mandible with seven apical teeth ;
six in line, the second being the longest ; external margin with numerous serrate
spicules ; apical portion with four setae, the two distal ones the largest. 3Ientum
with thirteen teeth, the median longest.
Body nude, with numerous long hairs. Hooks of siphon long, curved, the
posterior ones shorter. Anal segment with a long single seta and a triple one.
Fig.
47.
Corethrele
infuacata
Lane,
Corethrella
1942
Corethrella
(Corethrella)
Lane,
1939.
Pupa.
_Sbdominal
Ent.,
13
dorsal.
Original.
Lane, 1942.
travassosi
Rev.
segments,
105.
Female - Mouth parts and palpus blackish, with blackish hairs, labellum
whitish. Clypeus rounded, blackish, with three dark brown setae. Antenna with
blackish torus, internally and in superior portion lighter, the verticils of golden
hairs ; flagellum with segments and hairs blackish, more than twice the length of
meson&urn.
Proclinate setae at vertex. Occiput black, also the setae.
Thorax : Integument blackish brown. Pronotal lobe dark with iridescent,
r eflexes.. 1Wesonotum pruinose in the middle and on lateral spots ; 1acrostichal setae
shorter than the dorsocentrals, the rest of the disk with sparse setae and hairs ;
prescutellar region whitish and pruinose except in the center which is blackish.
Scutellum brown with twelve marginal setae and smaller ones. Postnotum brown
with a dark brown stripe. Pleura dark brown.
Legs dark brown, femoro tibia1 joint lighter. Hind tibia with a yellowish
longitudinal stripe. Tarsi brown with indistinct apical rings.
Wing covered with blackish scales, of a lighter color on distal third where
they give off a golden reflex. Small spots of white scales on stem of 2nd. part of
4th., 5th. and 6th. veins, junction of 1st. vein with costa and in median portion
of this vein. Haltere with whitish stem and blackish knob.
_$bdomen dark brown with long brown hairs, whitish ones at apex.
ilfale, pupa and larva - Unknown.
Ilqpe Eocality - Brasil,
State of Mato Grosso, Salabra. Type in F. H.
Ikstribution - Brasil,
State of Mato Gross0 and State of Goias, _An&polis.
. Corethrella
JYYY
Corethrellu
Lane,
1942
(CorethreZZa)
Corethrella
Bol.
Biol.,
Lane,
(N.
S.),
Rev.
pillosa
4
Ent.,
Lane, 1939.
108, 390.
13
106.
12/aZe- Mouth parts and palpus with reddish yellow integument and whitish
hairs. Clypeus blackish brown with three median setae. Antenna with small
scape, the torus large, both with reddish integument, the torus with verticils of
golden hairs ; flagellum plumose. Occiput with blackish integument, the ocular
setae yellow. Vertex with proclinate setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe whitish and covered with sparse pilosity. Mesonotum
with blackish integument, densely covered with short, narrow, curved, yellow
brown scales ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae of this color besides others on
the lateral margins ; prescutellar region slightly depressed and also densely covered
with scales. Scutellum with dense covering of scales and ten golden marginal setae.
Pleura with blackish integument and bearing two lower mesepimeral setae.
Legs : Coxae blackish. Femora with blackish integument on the basal portion while the, distal one has the integument yellow as well as dense scales of this
color. Anterior andmid tibiae blackish except at apex, the hind one with yellow
integument and black rings before base and apex. Tarsi with yellow basal rings.
Wing with yellow scales except for a blackish band beyond the middle which
involves the following veins : - junction of costa and subcosta, upper branch of
2nd., stem of 4th. and the upper branch of the 5th. vein. Haltere wit,h white stem
and brown knob.
Abdomen with black integument, the tergitcs densely covered with yellow
scales.
Genitalia : Basistyle more than three times the basal width, setose ; a thick
seta on basal third and also a row of five internal setae. Dististyle as long as the
basistyle, bearing an internal seta on basal third. Claw small and like a spicule.
Ninth tergite elongate and ending in a point.
FemaEe - Similar to the male except that the antenna is filiform and more
than three times thta length of mesonotum.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality Brasil,
State of SBo Paula, Juqui& and Jaragu&. Type
in F. H.
Distribution - Brasil,
Statfb of S&o Paulo, JuquiB, Jaragu&, Casa Grandt
and Tiorto Florestal.
Corethrellu
lY&2
Corethrella
(Co~ethreZIa)
Lane,
Lane, 1942.
jenningsi
Rev.
Etit., 13
106.
Yen&e - Mouth parts and palpus light, brown, covered with golden pilosity.
Clypcus dark brown with a long golden, basal seta. Antenna with dark brown
iridescent torus, bearing a verticil of golden hairs ; flagellum with brown segments
and golden hairs, two and a half times the length of mesonotum. Front, with two
iridescent spots. Vertex with two proclinate golden setae. Occiput covered witJh
golden hairs on nape, ocular setae dark, integument, brown with iridescent reflexes
on ocular margin.
Thorax : Integument yellow. Pronotal lobe with shining white iridescence.
Mesonotum yellowish except for two large spots of whitish iridescence surrounded
by brown integument in the antero lateral region : covered with setae and golden
hairs ; prescutellar depression smooth and shining. Scutellum smooth and shining
with twelve marginal setae and golden hairs. Postnotum nude, with sparse golden
hairs.
Legs : Femora yellowish, darker at apes. Tibiae of fore and hind pairs yellowish, slightlv darker at apex ; hind tibia with an internal stripe of long, white
scales. Tar2 darker with distal rings of yellow scales.
Wing covered with yellowish scales escept for a spot, forming a band across
the wing and over distal portion of subcosta, costa, 1st. and distal portion of stem
of 2nd. vein ; dark brown scales also on stem of 4th., branches of 5th. and basal
portion of costal veins ; fringe darker in continuity to these spots. Haltcrc with
whitish stem and yellowish knob.
Abdomen reddish; sparsely COVCWY~
with goldon hairs.
76
CHAOBORINAE
Corethrella
1939
Corethrella
Lane,
1942
CorethTella
(Corethrella)
Bol.
Biol.,
(N.
Lane,
maculata
S.),
Rev.
4 :
Lane, 1939.
104.
13
Ent..
107.
Male - Mouth parts and palptis with yellowish integument. Clypeus brown
with one or two setae. Antenna with large light brown torus and verticils of this
color ; flagellum slightly plumose. Occiput with brown integument and a row of
oculars besides a few proclinate setae at vertex and others behind.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe reduced, with two dark set,ae on lower margin. Mt.sonotum with brown unadorned integument ; prescutellar region deep, without
scales ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae long, golden and others on the sides.
Scutellum light brown with a marginal row of brown setae. Postnotum brown,
nude, with a longitudinal darker stripe. Pleura brown.
Legs brown. Femora and tibiae darker than tarsi. Femoro tibia1 joint of a
lighter color but without iridescent spots. Claws simple.
Wing with the following spots ; - costa with a basal dark and a median
blackish spot ; a large spot crosses wing from junction of costa with the subcosta,
involving all veins up to the 5th. There is also a small spot near the base of wing.
Haltere with whitish stem and yellowish knob.
Abdomen with blackish integument ; tergite I with medioapical spot ;
others with apical whit,ish bands ; distal segments pale and covered with pale
scales.
Genitalia : Basistyle more than twice as long as broad ; a row of five setac
besides a strong internal one. Dististyle as long as basistyle ; a seta on basal fifth.
Claw distinct. Ninth tergite setose, the set,ae very long. Tenth sternite conical,
sclerotized, the apex spear shaped, the point sharp.
Female, pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Peru, Iquitos. Type in F. H.
Distribution - Peru, Iquitos and Cuba, Santiago.
Observations The references made to C. punctulata found in the original
description of C. peruviana refer to C. maculata as the name C. puntulata was
overlooked when the revision of that paper was made. A specimen from Cuba has
yellowish integument on thorax.
Corethrella
1939
Corettr rella
Lane,
1942
Corethrella
(CorethreZZa)
Bol.
Biol.,
Lane,
bromelicola
(N.
S.),
Rev.
4
Ent.,
Lane, 1939.
108, 390.
13
107,
2 fgs.
Female Similar to male except the antenna which is filiform and three
times the length of mesonotum.
Male - (Fig. 41). Mout,h parts and palpus with yellow integument and setae.
Clypeus very small and with two setae. Antenna with reduced scape ; torus
flattened and verticils of whitish hairs ; flagellum plumose. Occiput dark brown,
the ocular row and proclinate setae on vertex brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe pruinose and with three blackish setae. Mesonotum
blackish brown, pruinose, a lateral pattern besides the one found on the prescutellar region which is formed by three blackish stripes ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae of this color and a mixture with yellowish setae besides very small
hairs and with sparse white scales. Scutellum brown with ten marginal setae.
Postnotum blackish.
Legs : Coxae blackish. Femora with a vellow spot involving tibia and ovey
more than the distal third of hind pair. Tibiae blackish, the hind one slightlr
yellowish.
Basitarsi yellowish, all tarsal segments with basal blackish bands.
Claws simple.
Wing with yellowish scales, the basal portion slightly darkened and with
the following spots ; one on junction of costa and subcosta, reaching the 1st. and
the stem of the 2nd. veins ; one on the 3rd. vein, before the middle ; another on
base of fork of the 4th. and the upper branch of the 5th. veins. Haltere whitish.
Abdomen with blackish integument ; tergites densely covered with linear
yellow scales.
Genitalia : Basistyle slightly more than three times basal width, setose ; a
t)hick seta at base and a row of five irregularly placed setae from base to nearly
the apex. Dististyle as long as basistyle and with a seta on basal fourth. Claw
distinct. Ninth tergite elongate and ending in a blunt point.
Pupa Integument yellowish, darker ventrally.
Tube short, broadened
apically. Cephalothoracic group of setae formed by simple elements.
Abdomen (fig. 48). Segments I to VII with seta B short and simple ; margin
of segments serrate ; element A short and simple. Paddle triangularly shaped,
elongate, with a short seba, besides another short one and an appendicle at apex.
Fig.
48.
Corethrella
bromelieola
Lane,
1939.
Pupa.
Abdominal
segments,
dorsal.
Original.
Larva - Head rounded. Antenna shorter than length of head, slightly curved
at base and ending in three long setae, about a third the length of this segment
and an apical appendicle. Lateral posterior row with eleven to thirteen spines.
Mandible with eight apical teeth, the fourth most developed ; external margin
serrate, the apical portion with four setae. Labial plate with eleven teeth, three
of which are much more developed than the rest.
Body nude, with numerous long hairs. Siphon twice the basal width, terminal
hooks long, curved, t,he posterior ones smaller. Anal segment as long as siphon,
with a short dorsal seta approximately one fourth the length of others, two pairs
of long setae on each side. Ventral tuft represented by eight long setae.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Juquia and Casa Grande. Type
in F. H.
Distribution - Brasil,
State of 8. Paulo, (Juquia, Casa Grande, Martinopolis, Boracea) ; State of Espirito Santo, (SBo Joao).
Corethrella
1943
Corethrella
(CorethreUa)
Lane,
Rev.
Lane, 1943.
downsi
Ent.,
14
164.
Female - Mouth parts and palpus whitish. Clypeus blackish, rounded, with
long setae in the middle. Antenna with large torus, blackish, verticils formed
78
( H .f 0 B 0 R I I\ .Z E;
by whitish hairs ; flagellum two and a half times the lengt,h of mesonotum. Occiput
blackish, with a tuft of long yellowish setae at vertex and blackish ocular ones
besides sparse and very small, whitish yellow scales on the rest.
Thorax : Mesonotum blackish, with whitish pruinose areas forming a pattern;
acrostichal setae yellowish, dorsocentral ones blackish and with a few yellowish
ones mixed, other setae blackish and also a few sparse scales on the rest of disk ;
prescutellar depression with longitudinal blackish stripe. Scutellum blackish wit,h
ten equidistant marginal setae. Postnotum nude, black. Pleura dark brown.
Legs with coxae and fcmora blackish except hind femur which has yellow
integument and long hairs of this color on apical third. Femoro tibia1 joints with
small yellow markings. Tibiae blackish except hind tibia which is whitish internally on a narrow longitudinal stripe. Hind basitarsus yellowish, the apex whitish.
Tarsi blackish with apical whitish rings.
Wing basally darkened and with a transversal band of blackish scales in
junction of costa with subcosta and 1st. vein, reaching the 3rd. vein ; from this
vein the band is lighter and involves the branches of the 4th. and the apex of the
rith. vein until the fringe which is also dark. Fringe complete. Haltere whitish.
Abdomen : Tergites blackish and densely covered with whitish hairs.
Male Unknown.
Pupa - Thorax with sclerotized areas of a dark color. Tube six times basal
width, attenuated in the middle and apically where it is a little more sclerotized.
Abdomen : (fig. 49). With a median darker stripe from segment I to base
Fig.
49. -
Corethrella
downsi
Lane,
1943.
Pupa.
Abdominal
of VIII ; all these segments are darkened and serrate on lateral margin (chaetotaxy
of segments I and II not given) ; segments III-VII
with seta A, as well as B, thick,
simple and longer than the length of respective segment except that the hair B
becomes progressively smaller until segment VI, and specially in VII, where it is
shorter than length of segment. Paddle elongate, serrate on apex and internally
and ending in long hairs and a strong seta ; beyond the middle on the internal
margin is a small appendicle.
79
Larva - Head broader than long. Antenna half as long as head and ending
in three long, curved setae little more than half as long as antenna. Later0 posterior row with twelve spines. Mandible spiculose. Labial plat,e with eleven teeth,
the median larger.
Body nude ; a few setae inserted in sclerotizcd tubercles on thorax. There
are six square plates on abdomen. Eighth segment sclerotized and with seven laterai
setae. Siphon slightly longer than broad, the apical hooks curved and with two
setae which are longer than the hooks. Anal segment broader than long and with
a very long dorsal seta. Ventral tuft apparently formed by six long setae.
Type locality Trinidad
(B. W. I.),
Montevideo.
Type in F. H.
Distribution - Trinidad
and Panama,
C. Z.
Bionomics - Aquatic stage passed in the water held at base of the leaves
of .4chmea dichlamis var. triniten,sis (IV. G. Downs).
Corethrella
1942
Corethnda
(Corethrdla)
Lane,
Rev.
whitmani
Ent.,
13
108,
Lane, 1942.
2 fqs.
Female - Mouth parts and palpus with yellowish integument and whitish
setae. Clypeus blackish with a seta in the middle. hntenna slightly more than
twice the length of mesonotum ; torus blackish, the verticils with golden hairs ;
flagellum whitish, the joints and hairs dark. Vertex with proclinate golden hairs.
Occiput blackish with ocular row of black setae and hairs at nape.
Thorax : Integument dark brown. Pronotal lobe blackish, pruinose. Mesonotum with blackish integument and pruinose spots which can give white reflections ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and lateral setae long, blackish, and between these,
very short, golden, sparse white scales ; prescutellar depression darker in the
middle. Scutellum blackish with twelve marginal setae and a few golden hairs.
Postnotum black, shining. Pleura dark brown, upper portion of sternopleura and
mesepimeron blackish.
Boiy nude, with numerous long hairs. Siphon one and a half times basal
width, the terminal hooks long, curved, the posterior ones smaller. Anal segment
MI
____~
CHAOBOEINAE
__
_~
- ____~__
t,wice t#he basal width and longer than siphon, dorsal seta, short, about a fifth the
length of the other ; two pairs of very long setae on each side ; ventral tuft formed
by eight long setae.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Espirito Santo, Vitoria. Type in F. H.
State of Espirito Santo, (Vitoria) ; St,ate of S. Paulo,
Distribution - Brad,
tJuquid).
Fig. 50. -
Corethrdla
whitmani
Lone.
Corethrella
1942 Corethrella
(CorethTeZZa)
1942.
Pupa. Abdominal
striata
Lane, 1942.
Female - Mouth parts and palpus with blackish integument and golden setae.
Clypeus blackish with a strong seta in the middle. Antenna with blackish torus
bearing verticils of golden setae ; flagellum dark, hairs whitish, more than twice
the length of mesonotum. Vertex and occiput dark, the proclinate and ocular
setae dark also.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown. Mesonotum with blackish integument
and pruinose spots which are whitish in certain lights ; prescutellar depression
darker in the center ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae long, blackish and intermixed with them shorter golden setae and filiform white scales. Scutellum
blackish with ten marginal setae. Postnotum blackish. Pleura dark brown with a
shining spot on sternopleura.
Legs : Femora and tibia of fore and mid pairs dark except for a small spot
of yellowish scales on femoro tibia1 joints. Hind femur with a broad distal yellowish
spot ; tibia dark, lighter in the middle where there is an internal stripe of white
scales. Tarsi with small distal white rings.
Wing covered with yellowish scales except for two dark spots ; one of them
basal and light brown ; the other black, large and, from junction of costal and
sub costal veins, crosses wing reaching the fringe near the anal vein. Halteres with
whitish stem and blackish knob.
Unknown.
&faze, pupa and larva State of S. Paulo, Palmeira. Type in F. H.
Type locality - Brasil,
Distribution - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, (Palmeira) ; State of Rio de Janeiro, (Itaguay) ; State of Espirito Santo, (Sooretama).
81
Corethrella
1928
Corethrella
Dyar,
Ent.
News,
39 :
hlanda
Dyar,
1928.
79.
Male - Head : Mouth parts, palpus and clypeus brown. Clypeus with short
setae and a mesial long one. &4ntenna with yellow torus ; flagellum four times the
length of mesonotum. Occiput dark brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe very small, brown. Mesonotum shining brown, a
lateral whitish mark on each side of anterior angle. Scutellum the color of mesonotum and with eight marginal setae. Pleura brown with an iridescent spot on
sternopleura.
Legs brown. Iridescent white scales on femoro tibia1 articulation.
Wing pale brown, a broad smoky band across the middle involving the 3rd.
vein and apex of 6th. Haltere with white stem and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish with sparse yellowish hairs.
Genitalia : Dyar, 1928. S
ide piece conical and furnished with several stout
spines on the inner side ; of these a strong central one arises from a large tubercle,
and there are six other less strong ones, scat,tered over the inner surface and not
arranged in a line. Clasper as long as the side piece, rather thick, simple. Mesosome
very short, composed of two stout approximated cones. Male antennae 16-jointed,
tori very large ; joints 4 to 10 have the hairs verv long, not arising in whorls, but
throughout the slender joint, though the basal hairs are long& ; hairs shorter on
joint 11, and thence shorter and fewer to tip.
Pupa - With stout thorax and small tapering abdomen. An angularly- trilobed structure on each side represent,s the air-trumpets ; a solid flat plate, one
angular lobe pointing forward, another laterally, and the largest one posteriorly.
Abdominal segments produced laterally and posteriorly, granular, and with a
long terminal hair directed backward ; the two posterior horns end in a stout
thorn, and have a small lateral hair.
Larva - With the head transverse, the front conically produced, but moderately so, the cone not as long as the length of the rest of the head and only about
half as wide. Antennae inserted at the tip of the cone, folded backward in a. groove
when at rest, with three long spines at tip not of uniform lengths. Front margin
of labium with ten stout teeth. Mandibles curved in a semicircle, with three stout
teeth on apical aspect and four short ones at tip. Tube stout,, flat, about twice as
long as wide. Eighth segment with an encircling plate ; laterally behind it on each
side are four black hairs arranged in two groups. This plate reaches the middle
of the siphon and is supplemented by a small quadrate one ventrally.
Sixth and
seventh segments with round dorsal plates. Anal segment longer than wide, with
six dorsal hairs, eight ventral and a single lateral one, much smaller than the others.
Anal gills small, pointed, not as long as the width of the segments.
Type locality - Panama,
Las Sabafias. Type in U. S. K. M.
Distribution - That of type locality.
Corethrella
1906Corethrella
Grabham,
1924
Dyar
1942
Corethrella
& Shannon,
Ins.
syn.
1927
Corethrella
arborealis
1939
Corethrella
confusa
(Corethrella)
Grabham, 1906.
appendiculata
Ent.
News,
Ins.
Mens.,
Lane,
Rev.
Shannon
Lane,
Bol.
17
:
12
343.
Ent.,
& Del
Biol.
216.
13
113.
Ponte,
(N.
S.),
Rev.
Ins.
109.
Back
B. A.,
: 102.
Female - Mouth parts and palpus yellowish. Clypeus dark brown, with a
longer seta in the middle and smaller ones. Antenna with torus the color of clypeus
and verticills of yellow hairs ; flagellum two and a half times as long as mesonotum.
Occiput blackish, with two proclinate yellow setae at vertex and dark brown ones
on ocular margin.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish, with two or three setuc. 3icsonotum with
it dark brown pattern on tht> integument ; dark brown dorsocentral and acrostichal
s;cbtae
and others on the sides : evenly distributed pale hairs over disk ; prescutellar
depression dark with a median blackish stripe. Scutellum blackish, with ten long
marginal setae. Postnotum blackish, lighter on the sides. Pleura dark brown but
lightcbr mbar coxae.
Legs : Femora dark except the hind one which is lighter distally : femorotibia1 joint with silvery scales. Tibiae dark with a stripe of white scales along internal portion of hind one. Tarsi dark with distal white rings which do not, howcvrr,
c*omplctely surround t]he segments.
Wing with basal and median darkenings ; the median spot involves the costa
and
subcosta, before t,hey join, and extends to stem of 2nd., 4th., upper branch of
5th. veins ; the basal spot involves costa, subcosta and the branches of 1st. and
4th. veins. Halters with whitish stem and darkened knob.
Male - Similar to female. .4ntenna sparsely plumose, the hairs long and
yt~llow.
Genitalia : Basistyle more than twice as long as wide, darker at base ; a
&out basal differentiated seta and a row of five slender setae besides short ones
internally and long ones externally.
Dististyle nearly as long as basistylc, slender
and with a few spicules on the blunt apex. Mesosome pointed and subtriangular.
Pupa -- Original description : - Pale purple in color ; thoras and abdomen
in the same straight line : floating vertically when at rest at the surface of the
water. Each pointed process on the terminal segment has two short spines at the
apex, one half the length of thti other ; there is an&hey short spine on the outer
border at the tipi&l%hird. %Penult,imate segment with one small lateral hair ; ant<)penultimate segment with four short lateral hairs one on each side. Lateral margin
serrate, devoid of a fringe.
ILVYYI - Head pale yellow, cpmpress?d antero posteriorly. Antennae inserted
at the front of the head, folded back and hidden along the anterior border, on11
; apical spines slender, curved the
the three apical spines projecting fmard
longest nearly half as long as the shaft, the other two slightly shorter ; inserted
with them a shorter comb-like appendage. Spines of the lateral sclcrite about
fifteen, stout, not inserted upon a ridge, the larger obsoletely serrate along their
concave borders. Labium with thirteen teeth ; the outermost pair very small,
the next four pairs progressively larger : central tooth as 13ng as the longest of
this series . tooth ml each side of the central one only half its length. Mandibles
with sevenstout teeth, the two innermost largest. Thorax and abdomen glabrous ;
c*olorcd a pale purple, rather darker laterally.
Eighth and ninth s g nent 3 not
pigmented.
Thorax elliptical, broader than the head. First, sbdominal segment
very short, second widest, seventh and eighth segments much at,tenuated. Three
large simple setae on each side of the two first abdominal segments ; a pAir on each
of the following to the seventh, which has no long lateral setae. A stout subventral
hair on each scgmcnt from the third to the sixth, arising near the posterior border.
Subdorsal hairs apparently absent. _4 group of several st:;ut branrheA hairs at tht>
posterior lateral border of the eighth segment. Tube stout, compressed, about half
as long ag:Gn as wide : a pair of branched hairs at the back below the middle, n>t
reaching to the top of the tube ; at the posterior aspect of the summit there is a
small simple straight hair on each side ; in front of this nearer the side is a stout
spine, arising from a prominent tubercle, and curved inwards at its apex ; a little
in front of this again a large pyramidal tubercle with a thorn-like apex and a emspicuous black pigment spot near the top, it has also a long and stout subapical spine
which curves outwards at its point. Ninth seg.nent strongly curved downwards ;
the dorsal tuft of two pairs of very long double setae rather widely separated : n.
littk lateral to thcsc a single long stout spine arises from a prominent tuberclta 011
cash side. Yentral tuft of four pairs of long simple setae arising close together. Anal
gills four, fleshy, chqual, shortly subconical wit,h rounded apices. Between the VWI 1x11uft and thtb lo\vcbrpair of anal gills then1 ir :t small latpral prominence on ~c*li
side bearing four blade-like plates stlrrated along their anterior I~ordc~s
with a
number of progressively larger recurved serrations, and with two much longckl
pointed processes near their bases.
Kingston. Type in U. S. S. M.
ly
pe locnlif!y - Jamaica,
D&l-i&lioz
Jamaica,
Kingston ; Santo
Domingo,
(S. Francisco) ;
Panama,
(Tabernilla,
Canal Zone) : IT. S. _I., ((icborgia) ; Rrasil,
(Goiaz) ;
_Argen tina,
(Tucuman).
Corethrella
1926
syn.
ananacola
Dyne,
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
1939
Corethrella
inca
Lane,
Bol.
Biol.,
(N.
1942
Corethrda
(CorethreZZa)
Lane,
Rev.
14 :
S.).
Ent.,
4
13
Dyzw,
1926.
1.50.
:
:
103.
113.
x4
--__-_
C 11 9
PC A
E
___
Legs : Fore and mid femora blackish except the femoro tibia1 joint#s which
are of a lighter color. Hind femur yellowish on distal half, the corresponding tibia
yellowish except for basal and preapical dark brown rings. Tarsi with dist,al rings
on all segments except, the last one which is whitish. Claws simple.
Wing with yellowish scales except for a basal darkening and a black spot over
co&a, subcosta and 1st. veins ; there is a slight darkening on stem of 2nd. and
branches of 5th. veins. Haltere yellow.
Abdomen with yellow integument and densely covered with yellow scales.
Genitalia yellowish. Basistyle ovate, two and a half times the basal width ;
a thick basal seta and a row of five internal ones. Dististyle as long as basistylc,
with a small seta near base, apex thickened and with a few appendicles. Ninth
tergite long and pointed at apex.
Pupa - (fig. 51). Tube long and slender as in the figure. Abdominal segments
I to VII darkened in the middle, serrate on the margins, wit,h hair A developed.
Segment II with a mesial spicule, III to V with a protuberance which does not
bear spiculcs, VT and VII with a pair of long spirules. Segment VIII
not darkened
Fig.
52.
Fig.
Fig.
52.
Corethrella
Original.
ana~~acola
Pig.
54.
Lutzomiops
davisi
dorsal.
Original.
Dyar,
(Shannon
1926.
&
Del
Larva.
Ponte,
Half
1927).
54.
of
dorsal
Pupa.
aspect
Abdominal
of
head.
segments,
--
85
in the middle and without setae, only serrate on margins. Paddle pointed and witch
a blunt spine at apex and a mesial one on external margin.
Larva - Head (fig. 52) with antenna ending in three long and stout setae.
Lateral row of eleven small spines. Mandible with six stout teeth. Labium wit,h
eighteen apical and small teeth.
First two abdominal segments with long lateral hairs from protuberances,
III and IV with shorter lateral hairs which are not inserted on protuberances : T
and VII without long lateral hairs. Eighth segment with two lateral tufts of hairs
and a simple one. Anal segment ending in four long, curved apical setae on each
side.
Type Zoc&ty - Panama,
C. Z., Ft. Randolph.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribzction Panama
: Peru, (Iquitos) : Venezuela,
(Tio Julian).
Bionomics Larvae were found breeding in the water held by the leaves
of Ananas magdalenae.
Corethrella
I!)30
Corethrella
Lane,
Hol.
Biol.
(IV.
Lane, 1939.
flavitibia
S.),
392.
Female - Mouth parts and palpus with yellow integument and whitish setae.
Clypeus reduced, blackish, wibh two setae. Antenna with scape and torus blackish,
torus with verticils of whitish hairs ; flagellum three times the length of mesonotum. Vertex with two pale setae. Occiput dark brown, with dark brown ocular
setae and short hairs behind.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe whitish, pruinose, with two long setae. Mesonotum
with a pattern ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae pale besides other long blackish
setae. Scutellum with marginal row of eight long setae and shorter ones. Postnoturn blackish.
Legs : Femora and tibiae of fore and mid pairs blackish except for femoro
tibia1 joints which are yellowish. Hind femur blackish on basal half, yellowish
on distal one. Hind tibia yellowish except at base and apex where it is blackish.
Fore tarsus I with a basal black ring, the median and posterior ones complete1.v
yellowish, segment II-IV of all tarsi with basal rings, V yellowish. Claw simple.
Wing yellow scaled except for a basal black spot from humeral cross vein and
involving origin of all veins and a median band occupying the region comprising
junct,ion of subcosta to opposite fringe but not involving the 3rd. vein. Haltere
with stem pale at base, the rest, as well as the knob, black.
Abdomen with the tergites densely covered with yellow hairs ; sternites
with sparse pilosity of the same color.
41ale, pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, JuquiB. Type in F. H.
Distribution That of type locality.
Corethrella
1942
Corefhrella
(Corethrella)
Lane,
Rev.
lopesi
Ent.,
13
Lane_ 1942.
117.
Female - Mouth parts and palpus yellowish, the hairs golden. Clypeus light,
brown, a long seta above and two smaller ones below. Antenna with brown torus,
the verticils with golden hairs ; flagellum brown with golden hairs ; two and a
half times the length of mesonotum. Occiput brown, vertex with proclinate golden
hairs, ocular setae brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with a few setae of this color. Mesonotum
covered with setae and sparse white scales ; ground color grayish, pruinose! a
pattern formed by three median longitudinal stripes corresponding to the insertion
of the acrostichal and dorsocentral setae which are of a golden color ; there are
antero lateral brown spots ; prescutellar region with golden pattern in the middle,
broader on top and, on the sides with yellow and longer black setae. Scutellum
rounded, brown, wit.h ten marginal long setae and a few golden hairs. Mesonotum
dark brown. Pleura brown.
Legs with femora and tibiae of fore and mid pairs dark, the femoro tibia1
joints whitish with golden setae. Hind femur yellowish on basal half where there
are golden setae, the corresponding tibia blackish at, base and apex, the middle
yellow. Tarsi dark with apical narrow, indistinct rings.
Wing covered with yellow scales except a spot of dark ones over subcosta and
the corresponding region on the costal vein ; this spot also includes part of the
lst., stem of 2nd., and two spots at base of 4th. ; the 5th. vein with a spot in both
branches involving the fringe which is darkest at. apex. Haltere with pale stem ;
knob dark brown.
Abdomen with whitish tergites, covered with yellow hairs ; sternites blackish : last abdominal segment completely blackish and covered with hairs of
this color.
Male - Antenna plumose ; abdomen with tergites sometimes darker.
Genitalia : Basistyle uniform, three times the basal width, with a line formed
by five setae which from base are irregularly distributed nearly to apex and, another
thick seta on basal t,hird. Dististyle as long as basistyle, with a seta on basal fourth
and ending in a t#hickening wit)h a few appendicles. Ninth tergite elongate and
with a blunt point.
Yz~pa and 1awc1 Unknown.
Iy
pe locality Brasil,
Stat,e of Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, Japufba.
Type in F. H.
Distribution Bras&
State of Rio de Janeiro, (Angra dos Reis, Itatiaia,
Itaguaf, Federal District) ; State of S?io Paulo, (Hort,o Florestal, Boracea, Juquia,
SBo Jose dos Campos, Pindamonhangaba) ; State of Santa Cat,arina, (Nova
TeutBnia).
Corethrella
1942
Corethrella
(Corethrella)
Lane,
Tmw,
cardosoi
Rw.
Ent., 13
1942.
118.
Pemale - Mouth parts and palpus whitish, with golden hairs. Clypeus blackish with a long seta. Antenna with blackish torus and verticils of golden hairs ;
flagellum blackish, the hairs golden, two and a half times the length of mesonoturn. Vertex with two long, golden setae. Occiput .w&h blackish integument and
long golden ocular setae and hairs.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe small, iridescent, a few short black setae. Rlesonotum
with dark brown integument,, the space between the stripes iridescent, laterally
t,here are two rounded, bare, iridescent spots surrounded by blackish integument
and covered with golden setae : acrostichal and dorsocentral setae golden, long ;
prescutellar region blackish in t,he middle. Scutellum dark brown with eight
marginal setae and some golden hairs. Pleura dark brown.
Legs : Fore and mid femora and tibiae dark ; femoro tibia1 joints whitish.
Hind femur with apical half yellowish, the tibia yellowish except at base and apex
where there are blackish rings. Tarsi dark with indistinct apical rings.
Wing covered with yellowish scales except for a transversal band that, from
junction of costa and subcost)a reaches the branches of 5th. vein and fringt at both
ends. Haltere with whitish stem and dark knob.
Male -- Antenna plumose ; spot on wing less distinct.
Genitalia : Basist,yle ovate, twice the basal width ; a st8rong seta at base and
a row of five long setae from basal region nearly reaching apex. Dististyle as long
as basistyle, with a long set,a on basal third, thickened at apex where there are a
few appendicles. Ninth tergite elongate and ending in a blunt, point.
I
Pupa and larvw TJnknown.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Casa Grande. Type in F. H.
l%stribution Brad,
State of S. Paulo, (Casa Grandc, Horto Florestal),
State of Rio de Janeiro, (Itaguaf, _4ngra. doa Reis).
Corethrella
1902
Corel/,rella
1924
Dyar
1932
Johaunsen.
1944
Mathewn.
Corpillett.
Cy: Shannon,
Cornell
Hsndh
J.
Ins.
N.
Ins.
Coquillett., 1902.
brakeleyi
Y.
Ent.
Sot.,
Mens.,
Univ.,
-1gr.
of the
MOP.
1X
Exp.
N.
10
191.
21.5.
Sta..
Meul.
America,
2 ml.,
164
: 33.
91.
Fenzalc
Mouth parts and palpus dark brown. Clypeus dark brown, with
two median setae. Antenna with torus the color of clypeus and verticils of pale
hairs ; flagellum twice the length of mesonotum. Occiput dark brown with t.wo
proclinate setae at vertex besides the ocular row of setae of this color.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark above, lighter below, covered with light setac>.
Mesonotum with dark brown integument ; the pattern formed with central darker
stripes and lighter lateral spots : acrosXidh&l and -dorsoceritral setac dark brown
and intermixed with golden ones. Scutellum with darker integxmeut and tctl
marginal sctae besides smaller ones.
Legs blackish with lighter femoro tibia1 joints. Hind tibia with broad basal
and preapical spots of darker scales besides an internal stripe of erect whitish ones.
Tarsi dark with narrow basal rings of lighter scales.
Wing : Costa1 vein with two spots. One basal the other median ; both cross
the wing and meet on 6th. vein. Spots placed as follows : subcosta vein with two,
1st. with two, 2nd. with one at apex of stem to base of branches, 3rd. with prebasal
spot, 4th. with two apots at ste?, 5th. with one near stem and om on each branch
from middle to base ; finally a single spot at end of 601. vein. Haltcrc whitish.
Male Antenna plumose. Otherwise similar to female.
Genitalia : Basistyle two and a half times basal width ; a st jut scta at base
and a row of five setae. Dististyle shorter than basistylc. Mcs~somc pointed and
smooth.
Pupa - Johannsen (1934) : - Thoracic respiratory tube rcscmbling C&r,
but plane of margin is oblique, with a little rounded projection on rim on inner sidth.
Intermediate abdominal segment with a few short setae.
These segments have small median basal setae, the internal ones being short
and stouter. On the segments I and VI there are, in the middle, lat,eral longer
setae. Margin of segments V-VIII
serrate. _4 median seta on paddle besides
apical one.
Antenna as long as head, slightly curved and
Larva Head triangular.
ending in three long setae less than half as long as antenna. Later0 posterior row
wit)l ten spines. Mandible with two large apical teeth and five inferior ones ; upper
margin serrate with two thick setae beyond the middle and two more slender ones
on basal portion besides a tuft of seven broad and very united setae. Mentum with
eleven teeth, the longer ones alternating with the shorter ones.
Body nude, with long lateral setae. There are six sclerobized plates intcrsegmentally ; they are rounded and, from segment I reach VI._* Segment VIII
with a branched process near the long setae. Siphon two and a half times the basal
width and ending in two hooks and two long setae. ,4t base and posteriorly t.herch
is a small seta. Anal segment with a plate which does not envelop the segment, and
a long poster0 dorsal seta. Anal segment with very small brush and a long seta.
Type locality - U. S. _4., New Jersey, Lakaway.
Types in U. S. Y. M.
Material studied - U. S. A., Kew Jersey, Alabama, Louisiana.
Note - This is the only species endemic to the Nearctic region. It is Vera
close to C. selzlicola Lane.
Corethrella
1939
Corethrella
Lane,
1942
Corethrella
(CorethreZZa)
Female mesonotum.
Bol.
Biol.,
Lane,
(N.
selvicola
S.),
Rev.
Similar to male.
Lane, 1939.
4 : 391.
Ent.,
13
88
-Vale - Mouth parts and palpus with whitish integument and hairs. Clypeus
blackish with two long setae. Antenna plumose ; scape with internal incision ;
torus dark brown, globose, with verticils of appressed scales : terminal segments
with integument, and hairs yellowish. Vertex separated from eye by the distance
of t,hree ommatidia and with long, proclinate setae. Occiput blackish, the oculars
of this color and with a few pale setae behind.
Thorax wit,h light brown integument, and whitish pruinosity. Pronotal lobe
with few setae. Mesonotum with three longitudinal dark brown lines in the integument corresponding to t,he insertion of the yellowish acrostichal and dorsocentral
setae ; t,he dorsocentrals reach the scutellum while the acrostichal setae end in
the precutellar region ; long, yellowish and blackish setae are found in the lateral
region. Scutellum with ten marginal setae besides smaller yellow ones. Postnotum
blackish. Pleura shining brown.
Legs : Fore femur and tibia with blackish integument and pale hairs on femoro
tibia1 joint and apex of t,ibia. Hind femur with the basal two thirds blackish while
the distal one is yellowish ; tibia dark, mesially lighter and with an apical yellow
ring and internal stripe of white scales bordered by setae. Tarsi blackish with
apiGa1 yellowish rings.
Wing covered with yellow scales and with two dark spots on costal vein.
The first spot just beyond base over subcosta, lst., 2nd. and 4th. veins basally.
The second one from junction of costa with subcosta crosses the wing but does not
reach fringe. Haltere whitish, the knob slightly darkened.
Abdomen with blackish integument and yellowish scales on tergitcs ; sternites sparsely pilose.
Genitalia : Basistyle slightly more than twice as long as broad ; a strong
basal seta and a row of five internal ones. Dististyle longer than the length of
basistyle and with claw. Ninth tergite setose. Tenth sternite spearshaped and
strongly sclerotized.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Brasil, State of S. Paulo, Juqui&. Type in F. H.
Distribution - Bras& State of S. Paulo ; State of Bahia ; State of Rio de
(Cabima, Tucumen) ; Trinidad,
Janeiro ; State of Espirito Santo. Panama,
Guiana,
(New River).
(Port of Spain) ; British
Bionomics - On a specimen from Trinidad
we found the following label : Bamboo, F. Amanes, VI.1906.
Corethrella
X927 Corethrella
Shannon
puella
Del
Ponte,
Ins.
Bad.
B. A.,
101.
Female - Mouth parts yellowish. Palpus yellowish, 2nd. and 4th. segments
the longest. Clypeus blackish, two long median setae and sparse hairs. Antenna
with scape and torus dark brown ; torus with verticils of yellowish hairs ; flagellum two and a half times the length of mesonotum. Occiput dark brown, long
dark brown ocular setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown, with a few setae of this color. Mesonotum
light brown with whitish pattern ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae as well as
others, golden. Scutellum the color of mesonotum, marginal setae golden. Postnoturn dark brown. Pleura brown with a few upper mesepimeral setae.
Legs with fore and mid coxae, femora and tibiae brown except for the femoro
tibia1 joints which are yellowish. Hind femur brown but apical third yellowish ;
tibia also brown but with an internal stripe of whitish scales. Tarsi brown with
apical indistinct rings on segments I-IV, V dark.
Wing with white scales except for two light brown spots from the costa crossing the wing to the 5th. vein and not involving the 3rd. lower branch of 5th. and
the 6th. Haltere yellowish.
Abdomen blackish with long golden hairs.
Corethrella
1942
Corethrella
(Corefhrella)
Lane,
Rev.
stonei
Ent.,
13
Lane, 1942.
119.
Male Mouth parts and palpus with yellowish integument and whitish
pilosity. Clypeus dark brown. Antenna with dark brown torus and verticils of
yellowish hairs ; length twice that of mesonotum, the segments with yellowish
plumosity. Occiput dark hmwn, proclinate setae at vertex and ocular margin, nape
with small scales, setae and scales golden.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, pruinose, with a few dark setae. Mesonotum dark brown with pruinose whitish spots ; acrostichal and dorsocentral
setae golden, golden setae on the sides ; prescutellar region smooth, shining, darker
in the center. Scutellum dark brown with marginal setae and hairs golden. Pleura
dark brown.
Legs : Fore and mid pairs brown ; hind ones with distal end of femur and
tibia except apex, yellowish. Tarsi dark with distal whitish rings.
Wing covered with whitish scales except the basal portion of costal, subcostal
and 1st. veins where there are dark scales forming a broad band. A second spot
at joint of costa with subcosta and lst. veins extends to branches of 2nd. and 4th.
veins. Haltere with whitish stem and darker knob.
Abdomen with yellowish integument and covered with sparse golden hairs.
Genitalia : Basistyle three times basal width, densely setose, a strong seta
on basal third. Dististyle longer than basistyle, a seta on basal fourth, t,hickened
at, apex where there are a few spicules. Ninth tergite elongate, pointed at apex.
Female, pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Panama,
Caldera Island. Type in U. S. N. M.
Note - Type has a la,bel mentioning its capture in crab-holes (Cardisoma spp.)
Corethrella
1942
Corethrella
(Corethrella)
Lane,
tripunctata
Rev.
Ent.,
13
Lane, 1942.
120.
Male - Mouth parts and palpus whitish, with whitish setae. Clypeus dark
brown. Antenna with dark brown torus and verticils of golden hairs ; flagellum
twice the lenth of mesonotum with whitish plumosity. Occiput with dark brown
integument and whitish pruinosity, long golden, proclinate setae at vertex and
ocular margin, besides golden, short hairs.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe pruinose and shining. Mesonotum dark brown with
whitish pruinose patches forming a pattern ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and lateral
setae golden ; precutellar region whitish, pruinose, except in the center where it
is blackish. Scutellum whitish, pruinose, with ten marginal setae and small whitish
ones. Metanotum light brown, more so on margins. Pleura brown.
Legs : Fore and mid pairs with light brown integument, the femoro tibia1
joints whitish. Hind femur yellowish on distal half, its tibia yellowish except at
apex where it is dark brown. Tarsi with lighter apical rings.
Wing covered with white scales except three dark brown spots. The first is
in the middle of distance between junction of costa and 1st. vein reaching costa,
subcosta stem of 2nd. and base of 3rd. veins ; second is at base ; the third spot is
near apex of wing and covers costa and upper branch of 2nd. vein. There are,
besides these spots, dark scales on stem of 4th. vein and stem and branches of the
5th. Haltere with whit,ish stem, the knob slightly darkened.
Corethrella
10-U
Core/hrda
(Corethrella)
Lane,
Lane, 1942.
kummi
Rev.
Ent.,
13 :
121.
tcem&a - Mout,h parts and palpus light brown, tbe hairs whitish. Clypeus
dark brown with a long seta. Antenna wit,h dark brown torus and verticils of
yellowish hairs ; flagellum more than twice the length of mesonotum, integument
and setac yellowish. Vertex with golden setac and hairs. Occiput dark brown, the
ocular setse and hairs dark brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe pruinose. Mesonotum with brown inbegument, with
median stripes and lateral dark brown spots ; prescut,ellar region blackish in the
cent,er : acrostichal and dorsocentral setae and scales yellowish. Scutellum dark
brown with ten marginal yellowish setac and hairs. Postnotum black. Pleura
brown.
Fling with three spot,s on costal vein reaching subcosta. The general appearance of the wing is peppered with dark spots. First vein with four spots ; 2nd.
with one at stem and one at each branch ; 3rd. with a single spot ; 4th. with one
on stem and one on each branch ; 5th. with same spots as 4th. ; 6th. with two
spots : fringe darker corresponding to spots. Haltere with white stem and black
knob.
Legs : Coxae brown. Femora brown with white scales, hind one with nearl)
lhe apical half yellowish. Tibia brown, the hind one with internal yellowish scales,
the base and apex very narrowly yellowish. Tarsus I yellowish, the other segments
with broad apical yellowish rings.
Male, pupa and Lav-vu- Unknown.
Type locality Bras&
St,ate of Bahia. Type in H. M.
Distrih&ion - That of type locality.
Corethrella
quadrivittata
nt De1 Ponte,
Corethrella
Shmmon
Corethrella
(Corethrella)
I.:\ncL, Rev.
Rev.
Ed.,
Ins.
Female Mouth parts and palpus whitish, with golden setac. Clypeus
blackish, with a long seta. Antenna with blackish torus, the verticils of yellowish
hairs ; flagellum two and a half times the length of mesonotum. Vertex dark
brown with long, proclinate, golden setae. Occiput blackish, pruinose, the ocular
sctae blackish, short yellowish ones at nape.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish with sctac of this color. Mesonotum blackish with whitish pruinosit,v and the following pattern : three black stripes in
the middle corresponding to- insertions of acrostichal and dorsocentral setae, on
the sides of the stripes lateral spots and a subquadrate one in the prescutellar
region ; acrostichal and dorsoccntral setae dark brown ; there are also setiform,
yellowish scales which, from the anterior portion reach the scutellum. Scutellum
blackish, rounded, with blackish setae and yellowish hairs. Postnotum blackish.
Pleura with yellowish sctac on the posterior pronotum and short, black upper
mesepimeral setae.
Legs : Fore and mid femora and tibiae blackish, with whitish spots on femoro
tibia1 joints. Hind femur yellowish on apical third, the tibia blackish except. fot
an internal stripe of white scales. Tarsi I yellowish, the apex whitish (in some specimens slightly darker basally), II-IV dark with apical whitish rings, V completely
whitish.
Wing with whitish scales and dark spot,s as follows : - four on costal vein
extending to subcosta ; 1st. vein with four spots, 2nd. with one on stem and ontb
at apex of each branch, 3rd. with one at base, 4th. with three on stem and one on
each branch, 5th. with two on stem and one on each branch and 6th. with a single
spot at apex. Haltere with pale stem and darkened knob,
;lfalc Similar to female. Antenna plumose.
.
Genitalia : Basistyle three times basal width : a strong internal seta and a
row of five setae which, from base, nearly reach apex. Dististyle longer than
basistyle, thickened at apex and with claw. Ninth tergitc> conical, the apex pointed.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
7ype locality - Argentina;
Salta, Tres Pozos, Resistencia. Type in I.B.B.A.
IXs2ribution - Argentina,
(Salta and Resistencia) ; Rrasil,
State of Mato
Grosso, (Salabra),
State of Bahia, (Maracogipc) and State of Espirito Santo,
(Sooretama).
Note Our specimens wert compared with paratyptas. The prescutellat
region has a dark spot but tarsi are as in our description.
Corethrella
1942
Corethdla
(Corelhrella)
Lane,
Rev.
dyari
Ent.,
13
Lane, 1942.
: 1%.
ZfenLule- Mouth parts and palpus yellow, with yc~llow hairs. Clypeus brown,
a long seta in the middle. Antenna with brown torus and verticils of golden hairs ;
flagellum four times the length of mesonotum, wit,h golden hairs. Golden proclinato
setae at vertex. Occiput dark brown, ocular setae dark brown, others vellowish.
Thorax with light brown integument.
Pronotal lobe blackish, with golden
setae. Mesonotum brown with three darker stripes corresponding to insertion of
acrostichal and dorsocentral setac which are yellowish, the external ones reaching
scutellum while the median stripe reaches the prescutellar region : on the sides of
these stripes there are darker spots which, from the anterior region, diagonally
reach the root of wing and have scales and setae as in the median stripes ; prescutellar region with a strong depression showing a blackish spot which narrows
towards the scut,ellum. Scutellum rounded, integument blackish, wit,h eight brown
marginal setae, yellow hairs also present. Postnotum dark brown. Pleura dark
brown a few lower sternooleural set,ae.
Legs : Fore and mid Iferpora and tibiae blackish except for the femoro tibia1
joints and apex of tibiae which are yellowish. Hind femur &th an extensive yellod~
apical spot, its tibia blackish except for an internal stripe of white scales on two
thirds of distal portion. Tarsi dark brown with apical narrow rings.
Wing with four bands, of blackish scales from costal vein to lower fringe of
wing. Fringe darkened in the apex beyond the spots. The spots arc of variable
width, the first and third of them the broadest,. Rest of wing covered with yellowish scales. Haltere with whitish stem and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish with yellow hairs.
Male, pupa and larm Unknown.
7ype locality - Panama,
Canal Zone. Type in 17. S. S. M.
IIistrihrrtion - Panama,
Canal Zonrl and Gatun T,akc.
Corethrella
1942
Corethrella
(Corethrella)
Lane,
Lane, 1942.
edwardsi
Rev.
l&t..
13
126.
Female - Mouth parts and palpus yellowish, with setae of this color. Clypeus
blackish with a single seta in the middle. Antenna with twice the length of mcsonotum ; torus blackish with verticils of yellow scales ; flagellum wit#h golden hairs.
Vertex with yellow scales. Occiput blackish, the ocular setae dark brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish, pruinose, covered with a few setae. Mesonotum gra.vish due to pruinosity and with the following pattern : three longitudinal
stripes reaching the middle of disk, laterally there arc two rounded, blackish marks
and a central black spot ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae blackish, besides
setiform yellowish scales sparsely covering the disk ; prescutellar region depressed
and blackish at base. Scutellum rounded, grayish, with a rounded spot on t,he
central depressed portion next to the mesonotum, covered with yellow hairs and
ten marginal blackish setae. Postnotum blackish.
Legs : Fore and mid femora with blackish integument of a lighter tinge at
base. Tibiae blackish, the femoro tibia1 joints and apex of tibiae yellowish. Hind
pair with blackish femur, the apical third yellowish. Tibia blackish except for a
stripe of white scales from near base to near apex where the int,egument is yellowish,
apex of tibia with a yellowish ring, similar to the one in fore pair. Tarsi light brown,
with very narrow rings at apex, sometimes absent.
Wing with four spots of blackish scales which, from costal vein reach the
posterior fringe. Fringe darkened ab apex and in places where there are black
spots. Rest of wing covered with yellowish scales. Halt.ere with white stem and
dark brown knob.
Abdomen blackish with long golden hairs.
Male, pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - Brasil,
State of Mato Grosso, Salabra. Type in F. H.
Distribution Brasil,
State of Mato Grosso, (SalBbra) ; State of Minas
Gerais, (Governador Valadares).
Corethrella
1939
Corethrella
1942. Corethrella
Lane,
Bol.
(Corethrella)
Biol.
Lane,
(N.
S.),
Rev.
Lane, 1939.
vittata
4 :
Ent.,
390.
13
124.
93
---
Genus LUTZOMIOPS
Coreth7da (Lutzomiops)
(as C. nigra
Rev.
Ent.,
13
Lane, 1942.
127 -
Type
C. davisi
Shannon
& Del
Ponte
Lane).
the
adults
of
I,UTZO,MIOPS.
2.
3.
4.
5.
G.
7.
. . . 2.
_ibdomen with tergites unicolorous or with small basal bands. .3.
,Ibdominal bands large and covering nearly t,he distal half of
tergites ; male genitalia wit,h three setae inserted in the sclerotized portion of basistyle . . . . . . . .
. .
alticola
Abdominal bands small and narrow ; male unknown . . . . . . Zutxi
Mesonotum with unicolorous integument, without a pattern. . 4.
Mesonotum marked, the integument forming a pattern . . . . . 7.
Femoro tibia1 joints with silvery scales forming a shining spot. . 5.
Femoro tibia1 joints with yellowish scales and not, forming a
shining spot ; dark brown species ; sternopleura with a white
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nigrescens
patch . . . .
Mesonotum with dark brown integument ; male genitalia with
a single seta on sclerotized plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shannoni
I\4esonotum with blackish brown integument ; male genitalia
with two setae on the sclerotized plate .
.
.
davisi
Xlesonotum with yellowish integument . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.
Shining spot on sternopleura large and surrounded by darker
sclerotization ; male unknown . . . . . . . _. . . . . . . . iridescens
Spot on sternopleura small and not surrounded by darker sclerotization ; male genitalia with two setae in the sclerotized
plate of basistyle . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . pallida
..............
8.
Haltere completely whitish
.
..............
9*.
Haltere with pale stem and
...&.
C
L&
davisi
193
Core(hre/ln
-yn.
193!)
Corethrella
nigru
8: Del
1042
Corethrdla
(L~ctzomiops)
Lane,
Ionte,
Bol.
Lane,
Ins.
(N.
Rm-.
Bad.
S.),
Ent.,
4 :
13
B.
A.,
.i
103.
105, 388.
: 127.
Ma/e - Mouth parts and palpus dark brown. Clypeus very small, with two
long setac. Antenna wit]h verv large, dark brown torus, verticils of this color ;
flagellum plumose, the hairs o$ a lighter tinge. Eyes approximated above by t,hc
width of four ommatidia. Occiput with blackish integument, ocular setac blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish, shining, nude. Mesonotum dark brown,
posteriorly of a lighter color, without scales ; dorsocentral and acrostichal setae
dark brown, long, there arc* other setac at root of wing and on the sides. Scutcllum
Fig.
3:;.
Pleura black
with twelve very long marginal setac. Postnotum light brown.
cscept for the sternopleura which has a shining silvery spot.
Wing covered with dark scales, the base of wing with whitish ones. Halttare
with whitish stem and blackish knob.
Legs with iridescent spots formed by white scales on all femora, the rest
blackish except for pale ciliation on posterior tibia.
9bdomen densely covered with blackish scales ; genital segments with vellou
integument and sctae.
Genitalia : (fig. 53). Basistyle twice as long as broad, two thick setac on
distal half inserted in a sclerotized plate, the distal shorter than the proximal,
seta ; basal half with three curved, foliaceous set,ae on distal portion. Dististyle
longer than basistyle with a seta at base internally and with terminal claw. Sinth
tergite pilose. Tenth sternite with ihc apes of triangular shape, blunt. Mesosomc
weakly sclerotized.
Fewzak - Similar to male. Antenna slight,ly more than twice the length of
mesonotum : hind tibia with more extensive markings.
Pupa Integument yellowish, laterally of a lighter tinge. Tube short,
densely spiculosc. Cephalothoracic setae simple.
Abdomen : (fig. 54). The setae of the abdominal segments are minute, hair
13 minute, -4 in t,he form of a spine inserted at the angle of a protubcrancc. Paddle
with smooth point, the margins with crude serration : a seta near base.
Antenna t,he length of head, slightly curved,
Larva Head triangular.
thickened in the middle and ending in three long setae, t,he longest slightly more
I han half the length of antenna. Later0 posterior row with ten long spines. Mandible with a large tooth, two smaller ones above and four below, there are also
t,hree thick, long setae on dorsum beyond the middle ; slightly before the middle
a tuft of six foliaceous set,ae. Mentum with eleven teeth, the median one the largest,
the others subequal, decreasing in size as they approach the sides.
Body nude and with long lateral setae. There are seven intersegmental plates,
the two posterior ones much larger than the five basal ones (terminal segment
not described). Siphon slightly longer than broad, ending in two hooks and two
.
long setae, a small hair at base.
7gpe locality - Argentina,
Tucuman.
Type in I. B. B. A.
State of S. Paulo, (ButnttDistribzction - Argentina,
Tucuman : Brasil,
tan) ; State of Mato Grosso, (Maracajti) ; State of Bahia, (Camassari) ; StRtc of
Minas Gcrais, (Governador Valadarcs) : Panama,
(Tucumcn).
Lut zomiops
1942
Corethrella
(Lutzomiops)
Lane,
Rex-.
lutzi
Ent.,
13 :
(Lane, 1942).
128.
Female - Mouth parts and palpus blackish, covered with hairs of this color.
Clypeus blackish with a long galden seta and dense yellowish hairs. Antenna
with yellowish torus, verticils formed by golden hairs ; flagellum three times the
length of mesonotum. Vertex witah proclinate golden setac. Occiput light bro\vn,
the ocular setae of this color ; dense pilosity at nape.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish on top and whitish below. Mesonotum
brown, with three median longitudinal stripes and two whitish spots on each side
(acrostichal and dorsocentral setar destroyed in the single specimen) ; prescutellar
region whitish with a stripe in the middle in continuation to the median one. Scutellum whitish with twelve marginal setae and short hairs. Postnotum blackish.
Pleura with three dark transversal stripes, the rest whitish.
Wing without spots, eovored with yellow scales : squamula with incomplctc
fringe. Haltere whitish.
Legs : Femora and tibiae of fore and mid pairs dark brown, lighter in the
middle,. femoraLwith distal ring and f&noro tibia1 articulation of a lighter color.
Hind femur as prececding one, the tibia with a broad basal blackish ring, the rest
yellowish. Halterta whitish.
Lutzomiops
l!Ei9
Corethrella
Lane,
Bol.
1932
Corethrella
(Lutzomiops)
Biol.
(N.
Lane,
(Lane, 1939).
alticola
S.),
Rev.
110,
Ent.,
13
distal whitish
386.
128
Female - Similar to the male. Antenna with torus smaller and reddish ;
flagellum pilose and two and a half times the length of mesonotum.
&IaZe - Mouth parts and paipus brown, the hairs of a lighter color. Clypeus
reduced, brown, with a median seta. Antenna with brown torus, the verticils
with appressed whitish scales ; flagellum plumose and slightly more than twice
1he length of thorax. EIyes separated by the length of four ommatidia. Occiput
\vith a row of whitish setae, shorter ones behind.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe sparsely set.ose. Mesonotum brown with an indistinct whitish pattern formed by two longitudinal median stripes and two largn
IatcAral spots and a median stripe on prescutcllar region ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setac short, golden, besides sparse golden setae and scales. Scutellum pale
n-ith ten marginal darker setae. Postnotum dark brown.
Pleura with darker
spot,s on st ernopleura and mesepimcron.
Legs darker at apes of mid and hind pairs ; femoro tibia1 joints of all pairs
marked with white. Fore tibia with basal and apical rings, the mid one with only
I hc basal one. Hind femur pale, the tibia with a dark basal ring. Tarsi dark.
Wing covered with pale linear scales. Haltere whit,ish.
Abdomc~n sparsely pilose, the tcrgites blackish and with broad apical bands
on all segments.
Genitalia : Basistyle one and a half times as long as wide ; the sclerotized
plate with three thick and pointed setae ; basally and laterally there are two
curved foliaceous s&at>. Dististyle long, curved, median portion thinner, the apes
with a claw-. Ninth tcrgite quite pilose. Tenth sternite triangularly shaped and
chnding in a sharp point. Mesosomc weakly sclerot,ized.
Type locality - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, Campos do Jordgo. Type in F. H.
Distribution - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, (Campos do Jordgo, JuquiS, Cantareira and Pindamonhangaba) ; State of Goiaz, (AnBpolis) ; State of Rio de
Janeiro, (Ttati&ia and 9ngra dos Reis).
Lutzomiops
1942
Co~efl,rella
(I?utzomiops)
Lane,
nigrescens
Rev.
Ent.,
13
(Lane, 1942).
129.
Female ;LLouth parts and palpus blackish, the hairs blackish also. Clypeus blackish, with a long seta in the middle and smaller ones over the rest,. _4ntenna with dark brown torus, the verticils with golden hairs ; flagellum two and a
half times the length of mesonotum. Vertex with dark brown proclinate setae.
Occiput with blackish int,egument, ocular margin and smaller setae at nape blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with whitish integument.
Mesonotum
blackish
brown ; prescut cllar depression shining : acrostichal and dorsocentral set.ae, the
mm
on sides and over root, of wing, light brown. Scutellum the color of mesonoturn, with eight marginal sctac. Postnotum blackish. Pleura blackish brown, a
white spot on sternopleura.
Wing unicolorous, with dark brown scales. Squamula with incomplete fringe.
Haltere with whitish stem and blackish knob.
Legs blackish except femoro tibia1 joints which have yellowish scales. Tarsi
blackish.
97
CHAOBORINAE
Lutzomiops
1939
Conzthrella
Lane,
1939
Corethrella
Lane,
Bol.
Biol.
(N.
shannoni
S.),
Lutzomiops
Bol.
Biol.
(N.
4 :
(Lane, 1939).
104.
iridescens
S.),
Type in F. H.
; State of S. Paulo,
(Lane, 1939).
389.
Female Mouth parts and palpus brown, hairs lighter. Clypeus brown,
sparsely covered with gold&n hairs. Antenna with scape developed ; torus reddish,
verticils formed by appressed scales ; flagellum slightly more than twice the length
of mesonotum. Front with an iridescent spot which, from vertex, reaches insertion
of antennae, a few proclinate setae at vertex. Occiput iridescent on ocular margin
which has golden setae, behind the integument brown and covered with smaller,
yellow scales.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with a few upper setae. Mesonotum brown ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae long and golden, a few others over sides and root of
wing. Scutellum with ten golden marginal setae and a few others. Postnotum
brown. Pleura brown with an iridescent bluish spot on middle of sternopleura.
Legs brown except for iridescent spots on distal extremity of femora. Tarsi
brown.
Wing covered with brown scales except for a small area of yellowish ones on
cross vein m-cu and over 2nd. and 3rd. veins. Haltere with brown base and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish, sparsely covered with yellow hairs.
Male, pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, JuquiS. Types in F. H.
Distribution That of type locality.
98
CHAOBORINAE
Lutzomiops
1943
Corethrella
(Lu~~miops)
Lane,
Rev.
pallida
Ent.,
13
(Lane, 1942).
129.
,Plale - Mouth parts and palpus light brown, with golden hairs. Clypeus
dark brown with eight long, yellowish Mae. Antenna with yellow torus, verticils
formed by hairs of this color ; flagellum whitish with long, golden hairs and more
than twice the length of mesonotum. Vertex with golden proclinate setae. Occiput
with yellowish integument, ocular setae golden, small ones at nape.
Mesonotum
Thorax : Pronotal lobe yellowish and with silvery pruinosity.
with yellowish integument ; later0 anteriorly there is a whitish shading ; prescutcllar region smooth, shining, whitish, darker in the middle ; acrostichal and
dorsocentral setae long, golden, others on sides and over wing. Scutellum with
whitish integument in the middle. Pleura light brown and whitish ; a small pruinose spot on sternopleura.
Legs yellowish, femoro tibia1 joints with shining silvery scales.
Wing unicolorous, with yellowish scales. Haltere with whitish stem and
dark knob.
Abdomen light brown with basal whitish bands on tergites ; terminal segments yellowish and sparsely covered with golden hairs.
Genitalia : Basistyle twice as long as broad ; a strong seta, above it a smaller
and slenderer one, both inserted in a sclerotized plate ; below the plate two smaller,
shorter setae and basally three long foliaceous ones. Dististyle longer than basistyle, the claw short. Xnth tergite elongate, the apex blunt.
Female, pupa and larl;a Unknown.
Type locality - Panama,
Porto Bello. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution That of type locality.
Note - A label on one of the specimens shows the larvae were taken in
Tillandsia spp.
Lutzomiops
1939
Corethrella
Lane,
Bol.
1942
Corethrella
(Lutzomiops)
Biol.
(N
Lane,
(Lane, 1939).
peruviana
..
S.) , 4:
Rev.
Ent.,
110.
13
130.
Female - Similar to male. Flagellum filiform and twice the length of mesonotum.
Male - Mouth parts and palpus pale, with whitish hairs. Clypeus blackish,
with three long, golden setae. Antenna with light brown torus, the verticils whitish ; flagellum plumose, the terminal segments with yellowish integument and
hairs. Eves separated above by the distance of four ommatidia.
Occiput dark
brown, the median suture distinct ; ocular margin with golden setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe bare, pruinose. Xesonotum with blackish integument
except for pruinose regions forming a pattern ; prescutellar region depressed, with
three longitudinal stripes, the anterior spot darkest ; acrostichal and dorsocentral
setae brown, other setae on sides and over root of wing, brown. Scutellum darker
on margin, with three darker spots and ten marginal setae. Postnotum brown.
Pleura with blackish integument except for a paler stripe from propleura to upper
portion of sternopleura.
Legs with pale hairs and integument.
Hind tarsi darker.
Wing with costal, subcostal and 1st. vein covered with yellowish scales, the
others with grayish ones. Haltere cream colored except a brown spot near knob.
hbdomen covered with yellow scales, the last two segments with blackish
integument, the others with pale.
Genitalia : Basistyle ovate, twice the basal width, a sclerotized plate in the
middle toward apex where there are a single thick and pointed seta and another
smaller pointed one above it ; below the plate three slender foliaceous setae.
Dististvle longer than basistyle, uniform and ending in a claw.
Trinidad River. Type in F. H.
Type locality - Peru,
Iquitos : Panama,
CHlOl3ORINhE
Lutzomiops
1939
Cor~thrrl~a
Lane,
Femnlc mesonotum.
Bol.
Similar
Biol.
(N.
99
juquiana
S.),
to male.
(Lane, 1939).
109, 388.
Flagellum
filiform,
of
lIEale - 1louth parts and palpus with brown integument and setae of this
color. Clypeus blackish with ten yellowish setae. Antenna with blackish scapc ;
torus blackish with verticils of golden hairs ; flagellum plumose. Occiput blackish
with white pruinosity, oculars blackish and small yellowish setae behind.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe bare. Mesonotum with blackish integument except
where there are pruinosc markings ; prescutellar region with three blackish stripes ;
acrostichal and dorsocentral setae blackish, others on the sides and over root of
wing blackish also. Scut,ellum blackish,ten
marginal setae. Postnotum blackish,
shining. Pleura blackish, nude.
Legs yellow.
Abdomen blackish, sparsely covered with yellow scales.
Genitalia : Basistyle twice the basal width ; sclerotized plate with two long
setae, the distal one slender, the basal one thick ; three curved foliaceous setae
at, base besides a more internal straight one. Dististyle one and a half times the
length of basistyle, with small hairs on basal third and a basal seta. Claw apical.
Sinth tergite strongly setose, the setae as long as basistyle. Tenth sternite triangularly shaped, the apes curved. Mesosome rounded, with a median and weakly
sclerotized incision.
Type locality - Brasil,
Distrib&on
- Brasil,
Lutzomiops
193!,
syn.
Coretlrrella
1942
Lane,
Corefhrella
Bol.
Biol.
(Lufzomiops)
(N.
amazonica
S.),
coufinhoi
(Lane, 1939).
110.
Lane,
Rev.
Ent.,
13
131.
Female - Mouth parts and palpus brown, with brown hairs. Clvpeus blackish,.with a long seta in the middle and shorter ones. Antenna ; torus yellowish,
vertlclls of golden hairs ; flagellum two and a half times the length of mesonotum.
Vertex blackish with dark brown, long, proclinate setae. Occiput blackish, the
ocular setae blackish and smaller ones at nape.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish. IIesonotum
with three blackish stripes
and lateral spots, basic color grayish ; prescutellar depression dark ; acrostichal
and dorsocentral setae golden, other golden setae on the sides and over root of
wing. Scutellum with ten marginal dark brown setae. Postnotum blackish. Pleura
dark brown.
Legs dark brown.
Wing with unicolorous scales. Haltcrc with pale stem and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish, with pale hairs and dark ones, apical segments with pale
scales.
&Tale - Similar to female. Antenna plumose.
Genitalia whitish.
Basistyle three times basal width, a sclerotized plate
in the middle where there is a strong median seta and two basal foliaceous ones ;
below three long setae. Dististyle as long as basistyle and with terminal claw.
Ninth tergite triangularly shaped, the apes ending in a blunt point.
State of ,4mazonas, Rio Madeira, Porto Telho.
Type loctrlity Brasil,
Type in U. S. IX. ;\I.
Brasil,
State of s. Paulo, (Palmeira) ; State of Espirito
Distribzction San to, (Sooretama).
100
C HrlOB
Lutzomiops
1942
Corethrella
(Lutzomiops)
Lane,
ORIh-TSE
(Lane, 1942).
barrettoi
Rev.
Ent.,
13
132.
Female - Unknown.
Male - Mouth parts light brown. Palpus blackish and covered with hairs
of this color. Clypeus yellowish with yellow hairs. Antenna with reddish torus,
brown internally, the verticils with black hairs ; flagellum slightly more than twice
the length of mesonotum, the segments and hairs blackish (in this species the flagellum is not as plumose as others of the genus). Occiput with brown integument,
a st,ripe of dark brown integument from vertex to nape, covered with brown hairs
on vertex, ocular margin and the rest.
Mesonotum with yellow integument and
Thorax : Pronotal lobe whitish.
three stripes, median slender, the lateral ones slender in front, wide behind and
reaching scut,ellum ; anteriorly lateral rounded, light brown spots nearly reaching
root of wing ; prescutellar region lighter in the middle ; dorsocentral and acrostichal as well as setae over root of wing and on sides dark brown. Scutellum with
light yellow integument, dark on the sides and bearing eight marginal setae. Postnotum whitish. Pleura whitish with a blackish stripe from posterior pronotum to
abdomen diagonally ; a yellow spot and another blackish one in lower portion of
sternopleura between fore and mid coxae.
Legs not marked, with yellowish integument and blackish hairs.
Wing with whitish scales. Haltere with white stem and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish, with dark brown hairs, terminal segments yellowish.
Genitalia : Basistyle twice the basal width ; two strong setae on a sclerotized
plate, below the plate an expanded seta which is foliaceous at apex. Dististyle
longer than basistyle. Claw long. Ninth tergite elongate, apex curved and blunt.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Casa Grande. Type in F. H.
Distribution That of type locality.
TRIBE
CHAOBORINI.
Eight genera arc ascribed to this tribe, of these, only two are found in the
Neotropical region Sayomyia and Edwardsops. The differential characters are those
given in the key for tribes and genera of this subfamily.
Genus SAYOMYIA
1903
Sayomyia
Coquillett,
Can.
Ent.,
35 :
190 -
Coquillett,
type
punctipennis
1903.
Say.
Besides the characters given in the key, the following ones can be added : 6th. vein slightly beyond branch of 5th. ; fringe of wing long ; male genitalia
with the basist,yle having a distinct apical lobe.
Key
for
the
adults
of SAYOMYIA.
101
CHSOBORINAE
always blackish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.
Mesial region of mesonotum (between the median and lateral
stripes) without such spots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brasiliensis
5. Wing with two large bands in the middle ; scutellum darker on
on the sides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . australis
Wing with a single median band ; scutellum completely unicolorous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . elnorae
Sayomyia
1923
Corethra
1942
Chaoborus
Say,
J.
Lane,
AC. Sci.
Rev.
(Say, 1923).
puntipennis
Phil.,
Ent.,
13
16.
140.
Female - Mouth parts dark brown, short. Palpus longer than mouth parts,
dark brown and sparsely pilose. Clypeus twice the greatest width, light brown,
covered with dense yellow pilosity. Antenna with globose, brown torus ; flagellum
whitish. Vertex and occiput light brown, covered with golden hairs.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, covered with setae of this color. Mesonotum with whitish integument and three dark brown spots ; the median one
from anterior portion nearly reaches prescutellar region and is divided by a darker
stripe, where the acrostichal setae are inserted, until the posterior mesonotal tuft,
which is also formed by light colored scales, is reached ; lateral spots from the
middle of disk reach scutellum ; between the spots and in prescutellar depression
there are numerous dark spots which correspond to insertion of setae of this color.
Scutellum whitish, darker on the sides, the marginal row formed by fourteen setae
besides many smaller ones. Postnotum bare, blackish. Pleura dark brown, some
of the sclerites with darker margins ; posterior pronotum with an upper spot
extending to posterior portion and bett,er seen when the specimen is viewed from
above.
Legs with numerous rings on femora and tibiae. Tarsi with distal rings.
Wing with numerous darker spots which are distributed over all veins. Haltere completely whitish.
Abdomen yellowish, the tergites dark brown on the sides and with many
blackish spots ; sparsely covered with golden hairs.
illale - Antenna plumose, otherwise similar to female.
Genitalia : Basistyle three times the basal width ; apical lobe small, rounded
and covered by a few slender setae apically ; there are two or three rows of slender
hairs which from base nearly reach the apical lobe. Dististyle a third shorter than
basistyle, uniform. Tenth sternites parallel, thicker in the middle, curved and
more slender at apex which is blunt.
Type Eocality - U. S. A. Type in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Distribution of our material - Mexico,
State of Jalisco, Chapado : U. S. A.,
Georgia, Louisiana, Florida.
Note - This species belongs to the Nearctic region and is a further example
of overlapping species from this region into t,he Neotropical.
In the series which
we studied great variation as to general coloration and number of rings on legs
was noted.
Sayomyia
1901
Corethra
1942
Chaoborus
brasiliensis
syn.
1924
Chaoborus
1939
Chaoborus
Lane,
Theobald,
Rev.
festzvus
antunesi
Ent.,
(Theobald, 1901).
brasiliensis
Mon.
13
Dyar
Lane,
Cul.,
302.
141.
& Shannon,
Bol.
Biol.
Ins.
(N.
Ins.
S.),
Mens.,
4 :
392.
12
215.
Female - Mouth parts dark brown. Palpus the color of mouth parts and
longer than them. Clypeus light brown, covered with golden pilosity. Antenna
with reddish short torus ; flagellum pilose. Vertex and occiput with light brown
integument, covered with golden hairs.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe large, with whitish integument and setae. Mesonotum
with whitish integument except for two anterior and poster0 lateral spots which
are brown with black margins or even dark brown or blackish ; tuft behind the
acrostichal setae formed by shorter and paler anterior scales, the posterior ones
longer and blackish ; prescutellar depression blackish behind. Postnotum blackish,
basally and in the middle with an oblong whitish spot.
Legs with a variable number of rings.
King (fig. 55) with basal and median bands. Haltere whitish.
Sayomyia
1913
Chaoborus
Knsb,
1942
Chaoborus
(Sayomyia)
Ins.
Ins.
Lane,
Rfens.,
Rev.
(Knab, 1913).
antillum
1 :
Ent.,
121.
13
142.
Female - Length of body 2,4 mm. ; wing 2,2 mm. Mouth parts slightly
longer than clypeus, light brown. Palpus the color of mouth parts, both covered
with golden hairs. Clypeus sub triangular, twice the basal width,. whitish, covered
with dense golden hairs. Vertex and occiput whitish with whitish hairs.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe whitish with hairs of this color. Mesonotum with
indistinct pattern, whitish with sparse blackish spots ; acrostichal and dorsocentral
setae slender, long and whitish ; mesonotal tuft light brown ; light brown setae on
sides and over root of wing. Scutellum whitish. Postnotum light brown. Pleura
light brown and whitish with blackish spots.
Legs : Fore pair with seven rings on femur, eight on tibia, tarsi whitish.
Mid pair with six rings on femur, six on tibia, tarsi with narrow apical rings. Hind
pair with ten rings on femur seven on tibia, tarsi like the mid-pair.
Abdomen light, the hairs golden.
Male - Similar to female. Antenna plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 56) Basistyle three times basal width ; apical lobe pointed ;
rows of internal setae from base to apex of apical lobe. Dististyle nearly as long as
basistyle, slender apically. Tenth stcrnite rod shaped, a strongly sclerotized tooth
in the middle, apex pointed.
Type locality - Cuba, S. Antonio de 10s Bafios. Type in U. S. K. 31.
Distribution - Cuba:
Peru,
Iquitos, Chimbate : Brad,
Amazonas.
Sayomyia
1927
Chaoborus
Shannon
1942
Chaoborus
(Sayomyia)
australis
& Del
Lane,
Ponte,
Rev.
Ins.
13
Bact.
B.
A.,
5 :
99.
143.
Female - Length of body 2,2 to 2,5 mm. ; wing 2 to 2,2 mm. Mouth parts
blackish, slightly longer than clypeus. Palpus blackish ; two first segments globose ; III longer than the two basal ones together, broad ; IV nearly as long as
III and broader at apex ; T nearly twice the length of IV but much more slender.
Clypeus yellowish, covered with golden pilosit,y ; torus globose, whitish ; flagellum
slightly longer than mesonotum, the segments with brown rings at base, fusiform,
the last two segments elongate. Vertex and occiput brown, covered with brown
hairs.
Fig.
56.
Fig.
58.
Fig.
58
Sayomyia
A.
antillum
mesosome.
Original.
Edwardsops
magnificus
(Knab,
Edwardsops
magnificus
enlarged.
Original.
Xale
1913).
(Lane,
1942).
(Lane,
genitalia.
Male
1942).
Basistyle,
genitalia.
Male
genitalia.
dististyle
and
Original.
Plates
of mesosome
105
CHSOBQRINAE
Abdomen with dark brown tergites ; the sides and basally with blackish
; sparsely covered with yellowish pilosity.
2lfaZe Similar to female. Antenna plumose.
Genitalia : Basistyle blackish, broader at apex, three times basal width ;
apical lobe finger shaped ; rows of setae from base until apical lobe. Dististyle
slightly shorter than basistyle. Tenth sternite darker at apex and ending in a
point broader at base and notched in the middle.
Type locality - Argentina,
Tucuman.
Type in I. B. B. A.
Distribution of our material Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro, (Itaguai) ;
State of Minas Gerais, (Governador Valadares) ; State of Mato Grosso, (Salobra).
spots
1927
1942
Chaoborus
elnorae
Shannon
& Del
Ponte,
Rev.
slightly longer than clypeus. Palpus blackish, the first two segments globose, III
longer than total length of first two, broad ; IV slightly longer than III and as
broad as it ; V one and a half times the length of IV but more slender. Clypeus
ligth brown, covered with golden hairs ; torus dark brown, large ; flagellum as
long as mesonotum,. the segments fusiform, the basal ones nearly completely brown,
only the apex whitish, the distal ones with whitish area more extensive, last segments elongate. Vertex and occiput light brown with golden hairs.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe yellowish, the hairs yellowish.
Mesonotum with
acrostichal and dorsocentral setae long, golden, mesonotal tuft with brown scales ;
integument whitish with three dark brown spots, the first from anterior portion
where it is broader, up to prescutellar depression, in the middle it is divided by the
acrostichal setae inserted on darker spots ; the two lateral spots from the middle
of disk reach behind the roots of wings and are darker on the margins ; there are
numerous dark spots between the larger spots. Scutellum whitish, with two marginal rows of long, golden hairs. Postnotum dark brown. Pleura dark brown with
a lower sternopleural seta, three upper ones and a tuft of upper mesepimeral setae.
Legs with rings. Fore pair with eight rings on femur and eight on tibia ; Mid
pair with six on femur and six on tibia. Hind pair with eight on femur and eight
on tibia. Tarsi with distal broad blackish rings, the fifth segment nearly totally
dark. Fore basitarsus with basal and apical rings.
Wing covered with dense, yellow, filiform scales. Spots near fork of 2nd.
and 4th. veins, upper branch and apex of stem of 5th. Fringe broad. Squamula
with complete fringe. Haltere yellowish.
Abdomen with brown tergites, distally of a lighter tinge ; sparsely covered
with golden hairs.
Mule Similar to female. Antenna plumose.
Genitalia : Basistyle slightly less than three times basal width, apex blackish ;
apical lobe digitiform, with rows of setae which, from base, nearly reach the apex.
Dististyle shorter than basistyle. Tenth sternite sclerotized at apex which ends
in a point, base broader and notched.
Type locality - Argentina,
Salta, Tres Pozos, Near Embarcacibn.
Type
in I.B.B.A.
Distribution of our material - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Cantareira.
Note - The differences between our description and the original one, we
believe are due to variation both of size and number of rings found on femora and
tibiae. This and the preceeding species are quite close.
Sayomyia
1939
Chaoborus
Lane,
1942
Chaoborus
(Sayomyi
Bol.
Biol.
2) Lane,
(N.
souzai
S.),
Rev.
Ent.,
(Lane, 1939).
112.
13
147.
106
CHbOBORINdE
Genus EDWARDSOPS
1932
Chaoborus
(Eduardsops)
Lane,
Rev.
Ent.,
13
Lane, 1942.
:
135 --
Type
unicoEor
Lane.
Besides the characters giv*en in the key, the following ones can
be added : - tarsi without1 rings ; male genitalia without an an apical
lobe on distityle ; apex of distityle spiculose. Habitus given in fig. 40.
Key
for
the
species
of EDWARDSOPS.
107
CHAOBORINAE
(Edwardsops)
Lane,
Rev.
(Lane, 1942).
unicolor
Ent.,
13
135.
Female - Length of body 2,2 mm. ; wing 1,8 mm. Mouth parts light brown
exceeding by little the length of clypeus. Palpus dark brown ; segments I and II
globose ; III longer than length of II and III, broad ; IV as long as III ; V slender
and longer than III.
Clypeus yellowish, with golden pilosity. Antenna with pale,
globose torus ; flagellum with the first segment thickened and longer, the color of
torus but with an apical brown ring, the other segments the color of first and fusiform except the last two which are longer and cylindrical.
Vertex and occiput
light brown and covered with golden pilositly.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with dark brown integument, globose, a few setac
on the lower portion. Mesonotum with acrostichal and dorsocentral setae golden,
others of this color on the sides : mesonotal tuft golden the insertions brown :
integument whitish except for the following spots : - a light brown spot, darker
on the margins which is in the middle, and from the anterior region, where it is
broader, reaches scutellum, in the prescutellar region it takes the form of a stripe :
two lateral elongate spots, the color of the first and which, from the middle of mesonotum, reach the root of wing ; prescutellar depression with whit,ish integument
and crossed by the median spot. Scutellum whitish, slightly darker in the middle
and covered by numerous long golden hairs. Postnotum light brown ; metepisternum and metepimeron with small blackish spots ; chaetot,axy the following : a pronotal, three upper and one lower sternopleurals and three upper mesepimeral
setae.
Legs with yellowish integument and covered by hairs of this color. Fore
tibia about two thirds the length of abdomen. Empodium half as long as length of
claws. Claws long and simple.
Wing yellowish, darker on transversal veins, radial sector and cubital one ;
3rd. vein and m-cu less distinct than the others ; fringe long ; squamula with
fringe. Haltere whitish.
Male - Antenna strongly plumose, other characters as in female.
Genitalia : Basistyle three times the basal width, sparsely setose, an internal
row of united spines at base, spaced towards apex and from basointernal region
nearly reaching apical third. Dististyle three fourths the length of basistylc, curved
and thickened towards apex and with basointernal spiculosity as well as at apex.
Tenth sternite strongly sclerotizcd, broadened in the middle, attenuated towards
the apex which is capitate.
Mesosome rounded, without apical sclerotization,
finely spiculose on whole surface.
Type Zoccdity- Brasil,
State of Rlato Grosso, SalGbra. Type in F. II.
D&r&&on
- That of t(ype locality.
Edwardsops
1942
Chaoboms
(Edwardsops)
Lane,
magnificus
Rev.
Ent.,
13
(Lane, 1942).
138.
Female - Length of body 3,2 mm. ; King 2,2 mm. Mouth parts a little
longer than clypeus, blackish. Palpus blackish ; first tu-o segments short, globose ;
III longer than both the basal ones, broader ; IV as long as III but more slender :
V the longest, attenuated at apex. Clypeus whitish, as long as three times the
basal width, covered with golden hairs, light brown. Antenna with globose, brown
torus ; flagellum brown, the first segments fusiform, the two last ones elongate,
108
CHAOBORINAE
length of flagellum slightly more than that of mesonotum. Occiput light brown,
the sides darker, covered with golden pilosity.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish on upper portion, whitish on the lower,
covered with whitish setae in this region. Mesonotum with brown acrostichals,
dorsocentrals whitish and brown; mesonotal tuft brown ; integument with three
coalescing spots, grayish, blackish on the margins, with a median line from anterior
region to scutellum ; sides with a whitish line which, from the anterior portion,
reaches the root of wing and is broader anteriorly.
Scutellum grayish, cut by a
median darker stripe, in continuation with the mesonotal one ; two rows of marginal setae. Pleura whitish, with two transversal median bands ; posterior pronotum dark brown.
Legs dark, without rings. Empodium nearly as long as the claws. Claws
simple.
Wing dark, (fig. 57), without spots except the integument and covering of
the costal, subcostal and 1st. veins which are white and form, with the lateral mesonotal stripe, a continuous line. Rs. and transversal veins are darker and form a
transversal band. Haltere whitish.
Pig.
57.
Edwardsops
magnificus
(Lane,
1942).
Wing.
Original.
Abdomen light brown, darker on the sides of tergites ; covered with yellowish
pilosity ; last segment whitish.
Male - Similar to female (fig. 40). Antenna strongly plumose, longer than
1
mesonotum.
Genitalia (fig. 58). Basistyle uniform, with an internal row of curved setae
from base to apex. Dististyle slightly thicker basally and with about seven apical
spicules. Tenth sternite capitate. Mesosome rounded.
Type locality - Brasil,
States of Mato Grosso, SalGbra and Rio de Janeiro,
Itaguai.
Type in F. H.
State of Minas Gerais, (Governador
Distribution - Peru, Iquitos ; Bras&
Valadares) ; State of Mato Grosso, (Salobra) and State of Rio de Janeiro, (Itaguai).
Edwardsops
1930
Chaoborus
Edwards,
An.
Mag.
brevisector
Nat.
Hist.,
6 (1)
(Edwards, 1930).
34 : 533.
109
CHAOBORINAE
anterior margin to prescutellar area ; the two lateral ones from before middle to
scutellum and fusing with the mesial one at apex ; a tuft of scalelike setae in front
and another one at apex of prescutellar depression, both formed by dark brown
setae ; the acrostichal row of setae dividing the mesial spot due to its darker color.
Scutellum light brown with many long setae. Postnotum dark brown.
Wing unicolorous, darker scales along the transversal veins. Haltere yellowish.
Legs brown, without any markings.
Abdomen yellowish, the sides basally brown.
AfaZe, pupa and Zarza Unknown.
Type locality - Bras&
State of Amazonas, XIanaus. Type in B. M.
Distribution That of type locality.
Edwardsops
1942 Chaoborus
(Edwardsops)
stonei
(Lane, 1942).
Female - Length of body 2 mm. ; wing 1,6 mm. Mouth parts brown. Palpus
with segments I an II globose, III longer than the total length of first two, as broad
as these ; IV slightly shorter than III and as broad ; V nearly as long as III and
IV jointly, but, with same width.
Clypeus long, three times the basal width,
yellowish, covered with golden pilosity. Antenna with large, globose torus ; flagellum shorter than the length of mesonotum. Vertex and occiput light brown,
covered with golden setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, lighter and setose in the lower portion.
Mesonotum with acrostichal and dorsocentral setae whitish ; lateral hairs of this
color ; meaonotal tuft with light brown scales ; integument yellowish except for
three dark brown spots, the anterior and median one narrowed posteriorly and
crossed by a longitudinal row of hairs, the two lateral spots from middle of disk
reach the scutellum, the yellowish portion of scutellum is peppered with darker
dots. Scutellum yellowish, darker on the sides and with a median dark spot near
the mesonotum, covered by two rows of long marginal setae ; postnotum bare,
brown. Pleura brown without definite spots.
Legs dark. Fore tibia two thirds the length of abdomen.
Wing darkened on transversal veins, covered with dark pilosity ; 3rd. vein
and r.-m. more distinct than in E. unicolor. Squamula with fringe. Haltere whitish
except the base of stem.
Male Similar to female. Antenna plumose.
Genitalia : Basistyle uniform, sparsely setose, three times the basal width,
a row of united setae at base, spaced towards apex and nearly reaching it. Dististyle a fifth shorter than basistyle, thick, curved and spiculose towards the apex
which is rounded. Tenth sternite strongly sclerotized, curved, apex capitate.
Mesosome slightly more sclerotized in the apex and with dense basal spiculosity.
Type locality - Venezuela,
Maracaibo.
(Inside a plane from Maracaibo but
captured at Miami, Florida).
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution That of type locality.
Note - It is interesting to observe the coincidence of capture of this species
in planes and the specimen of E. brevisec2orwhich was caught inside a boat navigating the Amazons.
Bibliography
for
ALEXANDER,
DIXINAE
and
CHAOBORINAE.
from Chile.
Ent. News, 24
* Consult also Edwards (1929), Howard, Dyar & Knab (1912a), Johannsen
(1934), Lane (1939), Matheson (1944), Shannon & Del Ponte (1927),
Theobald (1901) and Williston (1896).
CHAOBORINAE
110
--
1920 -
COOPER, J. L. and RAW JR., M7. F. - 1944 Can. Ent., 77 : 247-252, 5 fgs.
DY.~R, H. G. -
1926d -
192% -
--
1924c -
The American
Chaoborinae.
Ent. hews,
: 150.
39 : 79-80.
: 201-216.
1906 -
1913 -
Nematocerous
Diptera.
__-
: 343-345.
: 121.
Hist.,
Ent. Xews, 17
Rev.
Ellt.,
---
1943 - Additamento e corrigenda ao meu trabalho s8bre Dixinue e Chaoborinue. Rev. Ent., 14 : 162-166, 2 fgs.
1945 -
~XATHESON, R. -
1945 -
: 150.
Thesis.
Fat. Odont.
v_4RGAS,1,. - 1946 - Corethrella (Corethrellu) laneana n. sp., procedente de Monterrey, N. L. Rev. Ins. Sal. y Enf. Trop., 7 (2) : 63-67, 7 fgs.
S. Paulo,
22nd. of January,
1951.
Subfamily CULICINAE.
Adult - Covered with scales which, in the tribe Anophelini, can
be missing in the abdomen. Head : Proboscis * always longer than
half the length of fore femur ; covered with scales and ending in a
bare labellum ; clypeus developed and globose ; palpus ** formed by,
at most, five segments which show great specific and sexual variation ;
eyes nearly united above and below ; antenna with scape reduced,
torus globose, flagellum with segments longer than broad, usually
filiform in the female and plumose in the male. Thorax with two pairs
of spiracles ; pronotum divided in two lobes which, in some genera,
are nearly united above ; mesonotum developed and forming a disk ;
pleura covered with setae and scales ; scutellum always bearing a
marginal row of setae ; postnotum oblique. Abdomen with seven or
eight visible segments. Wing with six longitudinal veins besides the
costal and subcostal ones, the disposition of such veins unique. Veins
always covered with scales. Legs elongate and always covered with
scales.
Pupa - Tube with apical opening. Abdomen movable and functioning, formed by eight segments. The first of these has multiple
and differentiated setae (dendritic tufts) and with last segment terminating in the paddles, which have a midrib.
Larva With a pair of posterior spiracles. There is always a
breathing tube or a spiracular apparatus. Antenna never modified
for prehension. Mandibles and maxillae developed and horizontally
placed. Body without organs modified for fixation. Thorax fused and
always broader than the abdomen. Anal gills usually four.
Egg Deposited singly or in rafts. With or without lateral
floats. Operculum indistinct. The shape varies in the different groups.
Classification Several classifications have been proposed for
this subfamily. We have here adopted the one given in Lane and
Cerqueira (1942).
KEY
1.
FOR
THE
TRIBES.
112
TOHORHYNCIIITINI
Tribe TOXORHYNCHITINI.
1924
Megarhinini
Dyar
1948
Toxorhynchites
& Shannon
Stone,
Proc.
Ent.
(preocc.),
Sot.
J.
Wash.
Wash.,
AC. Sci.,
50 (6)
14
478.
61.
This tribe is represented by less than twenty species in the Neotropical region. They are large mosquitoes covered with scales of a
bright metallic color. They form a very homogeneous group showing
marked sexual dimorphism as to palpi, antennae and the leg markings.
The species are very similar as to characters of male genitalia and
larva not showing such differential characters as are encountered in
nearly all the other genera of Culicidae.
Edwards studied in detail and characterized this tribe in 1932
and 1941. He divided the genus Toxorhynchites in three groups :
Lynchiella, Ankylorhynchus and Toxorhynchites. Of these, the first
two are Neotropical while Toxorhynchites occurs in t,he other faunistic
regions of the World. * Such groups were considered by Lane (1944)
as subgenera.
The differential characters for the subgenera are given in the
keys.
Genus TOXORHYNCHITES
1827
Megarhinus
rhoidalis
Megarhina
1901
Robineau-Desvoidy
(net Rafinesque),
Theobald, 1901
Mem.
Sot. H.
Nat.,
403 -
type
haemor-
Fab.
Macquart,
Toxorhynchites
Theobald,
Walker,
Mon.
Osten-Sacken,
Cul.,
244 -
Skuse,
type
Arribalzaga,
brevipalpis
Giles,
Townsend.
Theob.
the subgenus
species which
113
TOXORHTSCHITISI
1904
$nkyZorhynchus
1904
LunchieEZa Lahille,
1906
Worcesteria
1917
1948
454
Cat.
Mos.
15:
172.
(in Bourroul),
Act.
Banks,
Megarhinus
Sur.,
Lutz
2 Cong.
Philippine
J. Sci.,
Howard,
Dyar
1928 Dyar,
Neot.,
Tozorhynchites
Mos.
Trab.
38
Stone,
Mos.
Mon.,
Am.,
399
Ent.
Sot.
Brasil,
53 -
type
type
4 :
grata
927 ;
1925
1932 Edwards,
1fos.
Latino-Amer.,
1 : 779 -
& Knah,
1941 Edwards,
Proc.
Med.
Ethiopian
Wash.,
50 (6)
Gen.
Region,
not
designated.
13 -type
haemorrhoidalis
Fab.
Leicester
Bonne
Ins.,
3
& Bonne-Wepster,
Fast.
23
194
57
1944 Lane,
Mos.
1939 Lane,
Rev.
Ent.,
61.
114
TOSORHYNCHITINI
for the
adults
of TOXORHYNCHITES.
Female with
Female with
. . .....
Female with
-4NKYLORHYNCHUS
LYNCHIELLA
L4bdomen with the apical segments with red lateral tufts . . . . .4.
Abdomen without tufts, when they are present they are of
another color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...6.
Second segment of hind tarsi with white rings in the female ; male
with abdominal tufts developed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . haemorrhoidalis haemorrhoidalis
Second segment of hind tarsus dark in the female ; male with the
abdominal tufts less developed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.
113
TOSORHTNCHITINI
13. Female with second, or second and third mid tarsi and fourth or
fourth and fifth hind tarsal segments marked with white
guadeloupensis
Female with mid tarsi dark, hind tarsi with the fourth segment
marked with white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . portoricensis
Male
with the hind tarsi marked with white . . . . . . . . . . . theobaldi
14.
Male with hind tarsi dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pusillus
Key
for
male
genitalia.
1. Basal lobe with four or five short hairs, some of them curved . .2.
Basal lobe with two or three very long, straight, stout
hairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . trichopygus
theobaldi
bambusicola
guadeloupensis
haemorrhoidalis
Cules
trichopygus
Megarhinus
ibd.,
(Ankylorhynchus)
Wiedemann,
Theobald,
127.
Mon.
Zwrifl.
Aus.
Cul.,
243 ;
trichopygus
Ins.,
1907
(Wiedeman, 1828).
: 4.
Theohald,
ibd.,
114 ;
1907
Theolxzld,
116
TOSORHYNCHITINI
1908
PeryassG,
1925
Bonne
& Bonne-Wepster,
OS Cul.
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
1944
Lane,
syn.
1904
Ankylorhynchus
1907
Theobald,
ALon.
1908
Peryassti,
OS Cul.
1925
Bonne
Rev.
Brasil,
Am.,
Em.,
59.
.l.i
Fig.
61.
479.
176.
Cul.,
4:
Brasil,
& Bonne-Wepster,
lobe
(in Bourroul),
Mos.
Sur.,
Fig.
of
basistyle.
14.
480.
59.
lobe
Brasil,
144.
basistyle.
(Ankylorhynchus)
of
Mos.
127.
(Ankylorhynchus)
Basal
Toxorhynchites
Basal
Sm.,
neglectus Lutz
Toxorhynchites
talia.
Mos.
401.
Fig.
Fig.
147.
(Based
trichopygus
61.
(Wiedemann,
1828).
i\Iale
geni-
Original.
purpureus
on
Lane,
(Theobald,
1944,
Rev.
1901).
&Iale
Ent.,
15, fig.
genitalia.
2).
117
T 0 X 0 II. 1-I Y N C l3 I T I N I
Fig.
60.
Toxorhynchites
Abdominal
(Ankylorhynchus)
segments,
dorsal.
trichopygus
(Based
on
Lane,
(Wiedeman,
1944.
Rev.
1828).
Ent.,
15:
Pupa.
fig. 6).
Larva - Head without darker integument. Pecten of segment VIII with the
upper seta longer than lower. Siphon twice the basal width.
Type locality Brad.
Type lost ?
Distribution - Brad,
States of S. Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina.
118
TOSORHYNCHITINI
Toxorhynchites
1901
Megarhinus
1913
Knab,
Ins.
(Ankylorhynchus)
purpureus
Ins.
Theobald,
Mens.,
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar
1944
Lane,
s)-n.
1908
Ankylorhynchus
1910
Theobald,
& Bonne-Wepster,
(pro
Rev.
parte),
Ent.,
Mos.
15
Mon.
hlon.
Cul.,
purpureas
1
(Theobald,
1901).
231.
36.
Mos.
Am.,
Sm.,
480.
400.
176.
violaceus
Cul.,
5 :
PeryassG,
OS Cul.
Bras&
149.
95.
Female - Proboscis dark, with metallic scales, one fourth longer than the
length of fore femur, gradually attenuated towards apex, pilose baso-inferiorly.
Palpus the length of proboscis, segment I globose, II broader than the rest, III
one third longer than II, IV slightly longer than III and acuminate at apex, V
minute, button like ; the segments are dorsally covered with blue scales,. except
light blue shining ones at apex of segments II and III while IV and V have extensive
lower patches of yellowish scales. Clypeus blackish and covered with whitish
pruinosity.
Antenna ; torus blackish with whitish pruinosity ; flagellum two
thirds the length of palpus, the first segment with nearly erect dark scales on top.
Occiput with broad blue-green scales, white ones on mentum ; five black ocular
setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with blue-green scales except a few white ones. Mesonotum with scales which are more slender and greenish in the center but broader
and bluish on the sides, the root of wing with black setae. Scutellum bearing longer
scales with bluer reflex and eighteen marginal setae. Pleura white scaled.
Legs with violaceous scales except femora internally and segments III-IV
of mid tarsi which are covered with whitish scales on one side.
Abdomen blue violaceous on top, whitish yellow helow where there is a longitudinal violaceous stripe over whole length. Colors separated on the sides by
incisions of the white color cutting the dark one basally, t,he last segment completely blue violaceous. Lateral tufts of segment VI with the basal half covered
with long white hairs, the apical half and segmental tufts on segments VII and
VIII have blackish scales.
Male - Palpus with segment I globose, II-V long, inferiorly with spots of
whitish scales on II-IV, the spot on II smaller. Antenna plumose, nearly reaching
palpal segment IV ; the first flagellar segment covered with metallic blue scales.
Other characters as in the female.
Genitalia : Basal lobe (fig. 61) with four differentiated setae at apex, the more
internal one is the most developed, while the third (from the more internal one)
is slightly less developed, the second and fourth are the slenderest. Dististyle
longer than basistyle and ending in a claw. Claw nearly one fourth the lengt,h
of dististyle. Ninth tergite with six or seven setae on each side.
Pupa - Unicolorous but integument is darker on abdomen. Tube gradually
expanded towards apex, three times the apical width. Group of cephalothoracic
setae represented by a very long and simple seta, the others minute.
Abdominal segments (fig. 62) with a lateral stripe of darker sclerotization
reaching the paddle, these are strongly sclerotized except on apical margin and
over a small portion of internal margin. Segment II with hairs B and C. 1 longer
than the length of segment, III-VI
with the hairs B two or more times the length
of segment except on VI where it is smaller. Hair A in V-VI is very long while
in VII and VIII it is minute. Paddle more than twice the length of segment VIII,
very broad, irregularly shaped, pilose on apex and serrate on posterior margin.
Hair B. is thick in some specimens, in others more slender.
Larva - Head with a broader and darker stripe in the middle. Pecten of
segment VIII formed by a sclerotized plate bearing two posterior pennate setae,
the upper one longer than the lower. Siphon three to four times the basal width.
Type locality Brad,
State of Amazonas. Type in B M.
119
TOSORHTSCHITIK-I
Distribution
States of Amazonas,
Bras&
G2.
Fig.
Tnvorhynchites
minal
segments,
Toxorhynchites
1931
Megarhinus
(Ankylorhynehus)
(Based
dorsal.
purpurcus
on Lane,
(Ankylorhynchus)
(Ankylorhynchus)
hem&
(Theobald,
1944,
Rev.
hexacis
Martini,
Rev.
Ent.,
pupa.
fig. 7).
1901).
Ent.,
15:
(Martini,
,4bdo-
1931).
217.
Original description - Der lange spitze weibliche Taster weist diese Art in
die Untergattung Ankylorhynchus, in der sie aber durch die weisse Zeichnung an
allen Bein paaren sich von den bisher beschriebenen Arten unterscheidet. Riissel
am Grunde violet, dann durch stahlblau in die braune ApikalhB;lft,e ubergehend.
Palpen so lang wie der Rtissel, letztes Glied ungefghr die H&lfte der ganzen Palpenlgnge, ziemlich spits. Farbe schwarzviolett mit perlviolett,en Segmentbgndern.
Hinterkopt
schwarz mit himmelblauem Reflex, der besonders and den Augenrgndern hell ist. Lobi des Pronotum unten braun, oben himmelblau reflektierend.
Scutum braun beschuppt mit einigen kupfrigen Reflexen, metallblaue Schuppen,
and den Seitenrtindern und in der Mittellinie,
ferner auf dem Scutellum. Fltigeladern ebenfalls metallbalu beschuppt. Beine : Femora oberseits dunkel mit metallblauem Widerschein, unterseits golden, Kniefleck perlviolett.
Tibien schwarz,
metallblau und violett reflektierend.
t. 1 aller Beine ebenso. t. 2 der Vorderbeine
Weiss, der Rest des tarsus des einzigen Voerderbeines abgebrochen. II t-2-5 Weiss,
der Rest des Tarsus des eizigen Vorderbeines abgebrochen. II t 2-5 Weiss bis auf
die schwarze Spitze des t 5. III t. 2 dunkel, III. t 3 dunkel mit einer weissen Linie
auf der Unterseite, welche sich gegen die Spitze verbreitert, III t 4-5 ganz Weiss.
Abdomen auf dem Riicken dunkel, vorn mit metallgrtinem Reflex, weiter hinten
mit metallblauem.
An den Seiten goldene Apikalseitenflecke.
Bauch golden.
Male, pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - Bolivia,
Yungas de Coroico. Type in the Dresden Museum.
Toxorhynchi
tes
(Lynchiella)
haemorrhoidalis
haemorrhoidalis
(Fabricius, 1794)
1794
Culex
1821
Wiedemann,
haemorrhoidalis
1827
Megarhinus
1828
Culex
1905
Megarhinus
1906
Dyar
Dipt.
Ent.
Aus.
Theobald,
& k-nab,
OS Cul.
Mem.
Zweifl.
An.
Smiths.
Brazil,
Ins.,
Mus.
Misc.
135.
Syst.,
401
N.,
Paris,
1805 Fahricius,
6.
Robineau-Desvoidy,
Wiedemann,
1908 PeryassG,
Fabricius,
Exot.,
Nat.
Colls.,
Sot.
1
H.
2.
Hun.,
Quar.
71.
Iss.,
48
243.
427.
Syst.
Antliat.,
251.
120
TOXORHYNCHITINI
50.
142.
Female - Proboscis with violaceous and green metallic scales, a few white
ones at base inferiorly.
Clypeus blackish with whitish pruinosity.
Palpus with
segment ,111 longer than II, IV slightly more than half the length of III, V minute,
covered with violaceous and blue scales, segments II-III
with whitish scales lateroinferiorly. Antenna with blackish torus and white pruinosity ; flagellum nearly
the length of palpus. Occiput with metallic purple and green scales, white ones
on mentum ; two ocular setae on each side, near vertex.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with blue scales, the margins with white ones, setae
light brown. Mesonotum with blackish integument ; covered with small greenish
scales except over root of wing and prescutellar region where they are large, blue
and on posterior margin where they are rounded and white. Scutellum with overlapping blue scales, marginal setae quite close, brownish yellow and about twenty
five. Postnotum brown with whitish pruinosity. Pleura with blackish integument
and white scales except on posterior pronotum where they are mixed with bluish
and violaceous ones.
Legs : Femora violaceous bluish, internally yellowish. Tibiae bluish, internally and basally yellowish. Fore tarsi without markings. Mid tarsi with segment
II extensively marked with white, this color completely enveloping the segment
at base. Hind tarsi with tarsus I yellow at base and underside, II with basal third
white. Claws simple.
Wing covered with bluish and violaceous scales.
Abdomen : Tergite I with yellowish scales and a group of violaceous ones in
the middle ; II-VIII
with bluish and violaceous scales. Tergites II-V with basolateral spots of yellowish scales. Sternites covered with yellowish scales except
for a median longitudinal stripe which is interrupted and of violaceous and bluish
scales.
Male - Dyar (1928). Coloration of the female. Palpi with the third joint
long and pointed. Abdominal red tufts on the last four segments. Legs without
white markings. Hypopygium : Side-piece conical, tapering ; basal lobe with three
stout spines at tip and numerous minute setae. Clasper long, slender, uniform,
with long, sharp, subapical spine. Tenth sternites large, curved and infuscated
at tip, with laterally directed point. Ninth tergites a pair of ten setae chiefly on
the outer aspect. Mesosome a pair of long remote conical processes bearing some
plates, arcuate basally, attenuated apically, with short teeth within.
Pupa - Tube three and a half times greatest width. Cephalothorax with
a very long seta on cephalothoracic group, the other setae minute.
Abdomen with basal margin of segments narrowly darker, the rest unicolorous. Hair B one and a half times the length of segment in II, twice the length in
III, and IV, two and a half times in V and VI. Hair C two thirds the length of
segment and triple at apex in II, one and a half times length of segment in III.
Hair C. 1 double and two thirds the length of segment in III.
Hair A. long in segments V and VI, minute in segments VII and VIII.
Paddle broad, rounded and
four times the length of segment VIII.
Larva - Head with integument slightly darker on hind margin. Setae of
body inserted in sclerotized plates.
Abdomen (fig. 63). Lateral plate of segment VIII a sclerotized plate bearing
two feathered, strong setae on posterior margin. Siphon slightly more than one
time as broad as wide. Anal segment with a dorsal multiple tuft, a single feathered
lateral seta.
121
TOXORHYNCHITINI
Fig.
63.
Toxorhynchites
(Lynch&Ala)
Larva.
Last
Toxorhynchites
haemorrhoidalis
abdominal
Megarkinus
(Lynchiella)
1907
Dyar
1917
Howard,
1925 Bonne
superbus Dyar
& Knab,
J. N.
Dyar
Y.
& Knab,
& Bonne-Wepster,
1928 Dyar,
Mos.
Am.,
402.
1944
Rev.
Ent.,
15
Lane,
& Knab,
Ent.
Mon.,
Mos.
haemorrhoidalis
(Fnbricius,
1594).
Original.
Type lost ?
Guianas to the Amazon Valley.
T. superbus and T. separatus as subspecies of T.
taken by us is strenghtened by the fact that the
the three forms is quite distinct.
(Dyar
1906
segments.
Sot.,
haemorrhoidalis
superbus
Misc.
Colls.,
Quar.
Iss., 42
255.
12.
4 : 932.
SIX.,
476.
180.
122
TOXORHPNCHITINI
Fig.
Fig.
64. 65. -
(Lynchiella)
setae internally
haemorrhoidalis
superbus
(Dyr
& Knab,
1906).
Original.
(Lynchiella)
solstitialis
(Lutz, 1904).
(Based on Lane, 1944, Rev. Ent., 15, fig. 3).
Toxorhynchites
tple.
differentiated
Fig. 65.
64.
Toxorhynchites
Nale genitalia.
Fig.
five
Male genitalia.
Basis-
Pupa Unknown.
Larva Tube two and a half times greatest width. Anal segment with
(2fl)
dorsal setae and a small feathered lateral one. The anal segment seems quite
broader than wide.
Type locality Trinidad
(B. W. I_) ; Mexico,
Tabasco, Frontera.
Type
in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Mexico : Costa Rica : Honduras
: Nicaragua
: Panama :
Equador
Trinidad
Cuba.
123
TOSORHTNCHITINI
Toxorhynchites
(Lynchiella)
haemorrhoidalis
separatus
(Arribalzhga, 1891).
1891
Megurhinus
separatus
1944
Lane,
Ent.,
syn.
Rev.
15
Arribalzaga,
1901
Megarhinus
haemorrhoiddis
1906
Jfegarhinus
Zynchi Dyar
1912
M.
1925
M.
Zynchi Bonne
1928
M.
Zynchi
Zynchi
Mus.
La
Plata,
Theobald,
Mon.
Cul.,
& Knab,
Smiths.
Ins.
Ent.
y Pat.
Veg.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Sur.,
477.
Brethes,
Dyar,
Rev.
133.
180.
Bol.
Mos.
Am.,
Misc.
222.
Colls.
Quar.
Iss.,
48
244.
18.
403.
Toxorhynchites
1904
Megarhinus
Lutz
1907
Thebald,
1908
Peryassb,
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
Am.,
1931
Lima,
Mem.
Ins.
Mon.
(Lynchiella)
(in Bourroul),
Cul.,
OS Cul.
4:
& Galvao,
1944
Lane,
Rev.
Ent.,
sy-n.
1907
Megarhinus
1925
M.
Sur.,
479
10.
141.
Mos.
404.
0.
Crux,
Rev.
15
25
Biol.
mara
307.
Hyg.,
81.
180.
chrysocephalus
chrysocephalus
1942 Megarhinus
Brazil,
133.
Brazil,
& Bonne-Wepster,
1935 Pessoa
(Lutz,
solstitialis
Mos.
Bonne
Anduze,
Theobald,
Mon.
CU.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Bol.
Ent.
Ven.,
4:
Mos.
1
43.
136.
Sur.,
479.
1904).
124
TOXORHYNCHITINI
blue metallic scales in the middle and blue metallic ones on the sides. Scutellum
with metallic green yellow scales. Pleura white scaled except posterior pronotum
which is covered with metallic blue ones on upper portion.
Legs dark, femora internally whitish. Tarsi with segments II and III whitish
yellow on one side, the rest dark.
Abdomen blue violaceous above, white below. Sternites with an irregular
median stripe of violaceous scales which is broader at base and apex of segments.
Abdominal colors separated on the sides in triangular incisions, the white cutting
the dark color basally on segments. Abdominal tufts of segment VI white, those
of VII black.
Male - Similar to female. Palpus slightly longer than proboscis ; segments
II-IV with large ventral white spots, V unmarked, long and acuminate. Antenna
plumose, slightly surpassing segment III in length. Tarsi dark.
Genitalia : Basistyle uniform, setose ; an internal row of five or six differentiated setae ; basal lobe (fig. 65) with the internal seta longer and curved, the
second closer to the internal one, also long, the other two setae smaller and decreasing in size. Ninth tergite ten setae on each side.
Pupa Cephalothorax and abdomen dark brown, unmarked.
Tube gradually expanded at apex, slightly less than four times the apical width. Group
of cephalothoracic setae with a long one, the others short.
Abdomen (fig. 66) with elements B and C of segment II slightly longer than
length of same ; III-V with these hairs two and a half times the length of segment ;
hair A in V-VI more than twice the length of segments. Paddle more than twice
the length of segment VIII,
rounded, with short, posterior spiculosity.
Fig.
66.
Toxorhynchites
segments,
(Lynchiella)
clorsal.
(Based
solstitialis
on
Lane,
1944,
(Lutz,
Rev.
1904).
Ent.,
15:
Pupa.
Sbdominal
fig. 8).
Larva - We do not find elements for the separation of the larva of this species
from that of M. purpureus except that the siphon is shorter and thicker. In the
illustration shown by Dyar (1928) one of the pecten setae is double but, in our
specimens, both these setae are simple, the upper one being quite longer than the
lower.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo. Type in B. M.
Distribution Bras&
States of Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo, Minas Gerais :
Argentina,
Misiones.
Bionomics - Larvae breed in the water which gathers at the base of leaves
of epiphytic Bromehixeae.
125
TOXORHYNCHITINI
Toxorhynchites
1900
Megarhina
1903
Meg&&us
1906
Dyar
1917
Howard,
(Lynchiella)
grandiosus
Williston,
Biol.
(?Tozorhynchites)
& Knab,
Dyar
1928
Megarhinus
1935
IMartini,
syn.
1901
Misc.
Coils.,
& Knab,
Mon.,
4:
(Megurhinus)
Mos.
Theobald,
Smiths.
Mexico,
Megarhinus
Dyar,
(Williston,
grandiosus
Centr.
Amer.,
Mon.
Quar.
Diptera,
Iss.,
1900).
224.
113.
48
248.
939.
hlos.
Am.,
407.
26.
longipes
Theobald,
Mon.,
241.
Female - Proboscis one and a half times the length of fore femur, metallic
green. Palpus (only segment I remains) metallic bluish scaled, whitish underneath.
Antenna : torus blackish above, pruinose on the rest ; first flagellar segment dark
at base where there are a few metallic scales, the apex as well as other segments
yellowish. Occiput metallic bluish with a narrow band of white shining scales on
ocular margin, below with shining white scales ; two proclinate setae at vertex.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe metallic greenish. Mesonotum with scales and green
ones intermixed in the middle, on the sides, from anterior margin to scutellum,
with light bluish scales which invade posterior pronotum, where the golden scales
predominate, scales are longer over the root of wing. Scutellum with green
metallic scales in continuation with those of sides of mesonotum and with a row
of twelve setae. Propleura and front coxae densely covered with silvery scales :
sternopleura with many white scales ; mesepimeron covered with dense silvery
scales. Postnotum with yellowish integument and a darker stripe longitudinallv.
Wing with brown scales. Haltere with whitish stem and blackish knob, the
colors obscured by abundant white scales.
Legs : Femora dorsally with metallic green scales, on sides and underneath
with golden ones, on hind one the dark scales are bluish at tip. Fore tibia bluish
dorsally and on sides but yellowish beneath. Hind tibia with bluish metallic scales
at basal fifth and extreme apex, the rest with golden ones. Front tarsi I metallic
bluish, golden on distal seventh, II-V whitish yellow. Mid tarsi whitish yellow on
segments I-III.
Abdomen with metallic greenish scales dorsally ; whitish ventrally.
iWale, pupa and larva Unknown.
Omilteme in Guerrero. Type in B. M.
Type locality - Mexico,
Distribution Mexico.
Toxorhynchites
1906
Megarhinus
(Lynchiella)
Dyar
1917
Howard,
1925
Bonne
& Bonne-Wepster,
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
syn.
var.
Dyar
& Knab,
& Knab,
Am.,
1922
Megarhznus
1925
M.
Mon.,
guadeloupensis
Smiths.
Misc.
Co&.,
Quar.
Iss.,
48
4 : 954.
Mos.
Sur.,
462.
405.
horei
horei Bonne
Gordon
& Evans,
An.
& Bonne-Wepster,
tucumanus
Mos.
1926
Megarhinus
1927
M.
1928
M.
horei
1931
M.
tucumunus
1920
M.
guadeloupensis
guiunensis
Bonne-Wepster
1925
M.
guadeloupensis
guianensis
Bonne
1927
M.
tucumunus
tucumanus
BrethPs,
Trop.
Shannon
Dyar,
Mos.
Lima,
& Del
Am.,
408.
Mem.
Ins.
arborealis
2. a Reun.
Ponte,
Shannon
0.
Med
Sur.,
Sot.
Rev.
Cruz,
Ins.
25
Ars.
Pat.
Bact.
330.
N.,
80.
16
Ponte,
Rep.
B. _4., 5
: 88.
307.
& Bonne,
& Bonne-Wepster,
& Del
& Par.,
469.
Rev.
Ins.
Mos.
Ins.
Ins.
hlens.,
Sur.,
Bact.
180
462.
B. A.,
89.
Female - Proboscis one and a half times as long as fore femur, with metallic
violaceous scales, basally a few green and blue ones. Clypeus dark brown, with
white pruinosity. Palpus with metallic violaceous scales, the apex with bluish tinge,
infer0 laterally yellow scaled ; segments II and IV about same size, IV a little
shorter, III one fourth longer than II. Occiput metallic yellow, violaceous, a narrow
126
TOXORHYECHITINI
border of whit,e scales forming a patch on mentum ; two setae at vertex and a pair
of oculars on each side.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with metallic blue scales and proclinate brown setae.
Mesonotum with yellowish integument ; covered with narrow greenish scales and
two median stripes of small blackish scales, the anterior margin with broad whitish
ones intermixed with green scales. Pleura wit)h white scales, posterior pronotum
wifh blue ones.
Mid tarsus III and hind tarsus IV
Legs dark, femora whitish underneath.
white on one side.
Abdomen : Tergites metallic bluish, sternites white, the colors separated on
the sides by basal rounded markings of the white.
Male - Similar to the female. Antenna plumose and as long as little over
fourth palpal segment. Palpus with segment V acuminate at apex and the longest.
Genitalia : Basistyle two and a half times broadest width, attenuated at
apical half, a few differentiated setae apically ; basal lobe (fig. 67) with five differentiated setae at apex, three of them much shorter. Dististyle nearly as long as
basistyle, three or four spicules at apex and one or two below. Claw half the length
of basistyle. Ninth tergite with six setae on each side.
Fig
Fir.
67.
. 50.
Touorhynrbites
genitalia.
Fiq.
70.
Ranal
Toxorhyncbites
talin.
Basal
Fig.
(Lynchiclla)
lobe
of
gundcloupensis
(Lynchida)
&
64.
Knab.
Male
1906).
Original.
hasistyle.
101x2 of hasistgle.
(Dpr
theobaldi
(lhsed
(Dynr,
& Knab,
1906).
on Lane,
1944,
Rev.
Male
Ent., 15,
g:rnifig.
4).
Cephalothoras
and
Pqa - Tube slender, four times greatest width.
abdomen brown. A very long hair on cephalothoracic anterior group, the other
hairs minute.
127
TOSORHYNCHITINI
Fig.
68.
Toxorhynchites
Origiml.
(Lynchiella)
portoricensis
(Roeder,
1885).
Nale
genitalia.
12s
TOXORHYNCHITINI
Toxorhynchites
1885
Megarhina
1896
Williston,
1901
Megarhinus
1906
Dyar
1910
Theobald
Roeder,
Trans.
Ent.
(pro
1917
Howard,
1925
Bonne
Dyar
1928
Dyar,
1928
Lutz,
syn.
1906
Megarhinus
1910
M.
Mon.
& Knab,
Est.
Am.,
Zool.
huitiensis
London,
Misc.
portoricensis
46
Cul.,
(Roeder, 1885).
337.
270.
Mon.
Colls.,
Mon.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Zeigt.,
Theobald,
Smiths.
parte),
Ent.
Sot.
parte)
& Gab,
(pro
(Lynchiella)
Stet.
Cul.,
Quar.
Iss.,
232.
48
247.
5 : 93.
4 : 958.
Mos.
Sur.,
478.
408.
y Pat.
Veg.,
hailiensis
Theobald,
19.
Dyar
& Knab,
Mon.
Cul.,
Smiths.
5
Misc.
Coils.,
Quar.
Iss., 48
248.
602.
Female - Proboscis one and a half times the length of fore, femur, dark.
Palpus bluish, segment II with extensive external yellowish spot in the middle :
apex of segment whitish ; segment IV minute and knoblike, pale violet scales at
apex of segment. Clypeus blackish with white pruinose sheen. Antenna with
blackish torus and white pruinosity ; flagellum three fourths the lengt,h of palpus.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with pale bluish scales. Mesonotum wit,h blackish
integument, sides pale bluish, also an indistinct bluish line in the middle and over
prescutellar region, the rest dark scaled. Scutellum with greenish metallic scales.
Postnotum nude. Pleura densely covered with silvery scales, the posterior pronotum with metallic bluish ones.
Legs : Coxae yellowish with patches of white scales ; femora bluish, ventrally
yellowish. Femoro tibia1 joints whitish. Tibiae dark, bluish. Tarsi dark except
hind tarsus IV which is white.
Abdomen : Tergites blue metallic, sternites silvery, the colors separated on
the sides in ondulations ; a longitudinal line of bluish scales on sternites.
Fig.
69.
Toxorhynchites
ble ; b. antenna
(Lynchiella)
; c. terminal
portoriccnsis
(Roeder,
abdominal
segments.
1885).
Original.
Larva.
a.
mandi-
TOXORHTNCHITINI
Toxorhynchites
1828Culer
feros
1837
Macquart,
1818
Megarhinus
1905
Theobald,
Wiedemann
Dipt.
theobaldi
1906
M.
Dyar,
Mos.
Am.,
1931
Lima,
Mem.
Ins.
1935
1936
Lane,
1944
Lane,
syn.
1906
Dyar
Hyg.
0.
15
Colls.,
Quar.
1,2.
Mus.,
Colls.,
Quar.
Iss.,
48
246.
hypoptes
1910
M.
Bol.
1913
Megarhinus
M.
trinidadensis
1921
M.
jluminensis
1923
M.
trinidadensis
M.
trinidadensis,
60
80.
13.
wiedemanni,
48
Knab,
248,
Can.
et Jluminensis
et hypoptes
1917
312.
Hyg.,
Iss.,
jeroz
M.
183.
Megarhinus
409,
Ins.,
71.
Misc.
25 (4) :
trinidadensis,
Megarhinus
1928
Brit.
Smiths.
Biol.
1907
466,
Cruz,
Rev.
1908
1925
Zweifl.
406.
Ent.,
Jeroz
Dipt.
Hun.,
& Knab,
Suss.
37.
List,
S. Paulo,
Megarhinus
Misc.
Nat.
33,
theobaldi
Humboldt),
Walker,
Mus.
1928
Rev.
(net
Exot.,
feros
An.
Ins.
(Lynchiella)
Lutz
Howard,
Bonne
Ent.,
20
Cul.,
& Neiva,
Mem.
& Knab,
An.
moengoensis
Trop.
5 :
& Knab,
Smiths.
Ins.
Ins.
Med.
128.
0.
Cruz,
4 : 943,
Ins.
& Par.,
et moctezuma
Brazil,
90.
Mon.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Evans,
Dyar
50.
OS Cul.
Mon.
Dyar
et moctezuma
258.
Peryassli,
Theobald,
posticatus
ambiguus
251,
Mens.,
17
Bonne
&
139.
956.
9
23.
110.
Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Sur.,
458,
iim.,
406,
478.
moengoensis,
410,
411,
jluminensis,
412,
413,
1931
M.
Jluminensis
1931
M.
trinidadensis
Shannon,
1935
M.
trinidadensis
PessBa
trinidadensis,
moctezuma
et ambiguus
Dyar,
Mos.
414.
et lrinidadensis
Proc.
Lima,
Ent.
& GalvBo,
Mem.
Ins.
Sot.
Wash.,
Rev.
Biol.
0.
Hyg.,
Cruz,
33 :
6
25
312.
9.
80.
Female Proboscis one fourth longer than length of fore femur, curved,
dark, with golden scales below. Palpus a little longer than half the length of
proboscis, covered with metallic scales ; segments II and III extensively marked
with .yellow below and on the sides, IV with a small yellowish spot ; segment II
with two thirds the length of III,
IV slightly more than half the length of III.
Antenna with torus brown and white
Clypeus brown with white pruinosity.
pruinosity ; flagellum four fifths the length of palpus ; first flagellar segment with
dorsal scales at base. Occiput greenish yellow except for a white border which
forms an extensive spot on mentum ; two proclinate setae at vertex and two
occipital ones on each side, all brown.
130
TOXORHTNCHITINI
Fig.
il.
Toxorhynchites
minal
srgmenb,
(Lynchiella)
theohaldi
(&YIP
& Ihab.
190F).
dorsal.
(Based
on Lane,
1944,
Rev.
Ent.,
15:
PURR.A4bd~fig.
9).
Larva Head unicolorous. Pecten with the two setae of the same size.
Siphon subtriangular, the length about one and a half times the basal width.
Type locality and type - Unknown.
Distribution From Central
America
to Southern Brasil.
Toxorhynchites
(Lynchiella)
1931
Megarhinus
pusillus
Lima,
1944
Lane,
Ent.,
Rev.
15
Mem.
Ins.
0.
Crux,
pusillus
25
(Lima,
1931).
313.
184.
Female - Proboscis slightly shorter than length of fore femur, blue violahaving inferior spots ; III one and a half
ccous. Palpus with segments III-IV
times the length of II, IV slightlv more than half the length of III.
Clypeus black
131
TOXORIITSCRITISI
with whitish pruinosity. Antenna : torus black with whitish pruinosity : flagellum
slightly shorter than length of palpus. Occiput hluc violaceous cscept in the menturn where it is white : two setae on vertex and two on each side.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe covered with blue green scales. Mesonotum with
narrower greenish scales in the middle, on the sides broader and bluish, more so
over root of wing where there are black setae. Scutellum with metallic blue scales.
Pleura with white scales.
Fore tarsi with internal white spot ;
Legs dark, femora lighter internally.
mid ones with segments II-III
completely white, tarsus IV of hind leg white also.
Abdomen blue greenish at base, violaceous tJowards apex ; ventrally covered
with white scales : the colors separated laterally in an irregular line ; below there
is a median longitudinal violaceous stripe the sides of which are parallel ; last
segments with yellowish hairs.
Male - Tarsi dark.
Pupa - Integument, yellowish. Tube four times broadest width. Group of
ccphalothoracic setae with a very long one, the others minute.
Abdomen (fig. 72) with hair B of segment II as long as segment, on III-VI
longer than length segments, the apical ones longer still ; B and C of III longer
than length of segment. Hair ,4 of VI more than twice the length of segment.
Paddle twice the length of segment VIII,
apically with minute spiculosity.
Pig.
52.
Toxorhynchitcs
dorsal.
(Based
(Lynchiella)
pusillus
on Lane,
1944,
Rev.
(Lima.
Ent.,
1031).
15, fig.
Pupa.
10).
Alxlominal
segments,
Toxorhynchites
1913
Megarhinus
1923
Peryassb,
1928
Dyar.
Mos.
1944
Lane,
Rev.
syn.
Megarhinus
1925
(Lynchiella)
bambusicola
A 11.
Bonne
Am.,
Ent.,
Med.,
Lute& Neivn,
4 : 70.
bambusicolus
Xlem.
Ins. 0.
Cruz,
408.
15
aldrichanus
186.
Bonne-Wepster
C Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
& Boune,
Sur.,
Ins.
Ins.
Riens.,
179.
475.
Female - Proboscis one and a half times the length of fore femur, blue violaccous. Palpus with two thirds the length of proboscis, violaceeus, apes of scg-
132
TOXORHYNCHITINI
ments II and III with metallic purple scales, III the longest, V minute. Clypeus
black with whitish pruinosity.
Antenna ; torus black with white pruinosity ;
flagellum
slightly longer than the third palpal segment, segnent I with dorsal
violaceous scales. Occiput covered with violaceous scales, giving off bluish reflexes
and, on ocular margin, white scales which, in the mentum, form a patch, two black
proclinate setae at vertex and one on each side.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe covered with brilliant-blue scales, a few white ones
anteriorly. Rlesonotum light blue on the sides and in a narrow stripe which reaches
the prescutellar region, the rest dark coppery. Scutellum covered mainly with
brilliant, blue scales. Pleura with white scales except the posterior pronotum which
has blue and violaceous scales intermixed.
Legs violaceous, the femora whitish internally.
Tarsi dark.
Abdomen with segment I dorsally blue greemsn, the others bluish except the
terminal ones which are violaceous ; ventrally covered with silvery ones except
for a longitudinal median violaceous stripe ; the colors are laterally separated in an
irregular line ; terminal segments with yellowish pilosity which does not form tufts.
Male - Palpus longer than the length of proboscis. Antenna plumose, nearly
reaching the fourth palpal segment. Otherwise similar to the female.
Genitalia : (Fig. 73). Basal lobe with two very long internal setae, the others
much shorter. Ninth tergite with six to eight setae on each lobe.
Fig.
73.
Toxorhynchites
Basal
talia.
15, fig. 5).
(Lynchiella)
lobe of basistyle
Male
bambusicola
(Lutz
& Neiva,
1913).
(Based
on Lane,
1944,
Rev.
to show settle.
geniEnt.
Pupa - Homogeneou ;ly sclerotized. Tube more than four times the apical
width, slightly expanded towards apex. Group of cephalothoracic setae with a
long one, the others minute.
Abdomen (fig. 74) with seg nents II-VI with hair B progressively longer than
segment and, in VI, nearly three times the length of segment ; II and III with
hair C simple and longer than the length seg nent ; C. 1 in a tuft and about one
third the length of segment ; hair A of V-VI two and a half times the length of
segment. Paddle more than three times the length of segment VIII,
broad and
with very fine apical spiculosity.
Abdominal setae variable in length and thickness.
Larva - Head with front0 clypeus more sclerotized. Pecten with the upper
seta longer than the lower. Siphon variable in size.
Type ZocaZity- Bras&
State of Rio de Janeiro, Petr6polis. Type in I. 0. C.
Distribution Surinan
: Brasil : Colombia.
133
TOXORHYNCHITINI
Fig.
74.
1821
Culex
Toxorhynchites
(Lynchiella)
minal
segments,
dorsal.
Toxorhynchites
violaceus
1827
Robineau-Desvoidy,
Wiedemann,
1906
Dyar
1913
Megarhinus
J.
Knab.
1917
Howard,
1925
Bonne
Dyar
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
1931
Lima,
Mem.
1935
PessBa
1944
Lane,
Dipt.
Mem.
rlus.
& Knab,
(Lynchiella)
Wiedemann,
1828
Sot.
Zweifl.
N.
Y.
Ins.
& Knab,
Ins.
& Galvgo,
Rev.
Ent.,
Ent.
Ins.
Exot.,
H.
Ins.,
violaceus
1
Nat.,
Pupa.
Abdofig. 11).
(Wiedemann,
1821)
7.
Paris,
403.
3.
Sot.,
h/lens.,
Mon.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Am.,
hambusicola
(Lutz
& Neiva,
1913).
1944,
Rev.
Ent.,
15:
(B ased on Lane,
14
1
179.
33.
4 : 936.
Mos.
Sur.,
477.
404.
0:
Cruz,
Rev.
15
25
Biol.
307.
Hyg.,
6 :
79.
187.
131
air-tube rather slender, slightly tapered, over four times as long as wide ; a single
pair of tufts at basal sixth. Anal segment about as long as wide, ringed by the plate,
the latter with long spines on posterior margin : dorsal tuft of five long hairs on
each side ; ventral brush well developed. Anal gills very short.
Type locality Brasil.
Type lost ?
Distribzdion
Toxorhynchites
1904
Megarhinus
1908
PeryassG,
1944
Lane,
syn.
1913
Rev.
mzriae
OS Cd.
Eut.,
Megarhinus
Trinidad
(Lynchiella)
Bourroul,
Brad,
15
iris
Brasil.
Nos.
Brazil,
(Bow-rod,
mariae
1904).
3.
138.
189.
Iinah,
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
35.
Female - Proboscis one fourth longer than fore femur, violaceous, lighter
below. Palpus three fourths the length of proboscis, violaceous, segments III-I\
with yellowish spot below, the one on IV the largest. Clypeus and torus blackish
with white pruinosity.
Antenna with flagellum reaching half the distal palpal
segment. Occiput with blue and violaceous scales, the blue ones predominating,
mentum whitish ; two ocular setae on each side.
Thoras : Pronotal lobe covered with light blue scales, a few white ones below.
hIesonotum with dark green metallic scales in the middle, laterally light blue ones,
prescutellar region as well as scutellum with blue violaceous scales. Scutellum with
twenty marginal setae. Pleura with white scales except for the posterior pronotum
which has coppery scales mixed with white ones on the upper margin ; integument
siightly darker on paratergite and postspiracular areas ; metanotum yellowish,
darker in the middle.
Legs dark, femora extensively whitish internally.
Abdomen dorsally covered with violaceous scales, ventrally with whitish ones,
the colors separated laterally in basal, rounded incisions. Ventrally whitish with
a broad median longitudinal stripe. Lateral tufts on segment VII with yellowish
setae intermixed with dark brown ones, on segment VIII with dark brown ones.
Male - Similar to the female. Palpus longer than length of proboscis, violaceous, segments II-IV
with large whitish spots on lower side, segment V half
as long as IV.
Genitalia : Dististyle with claw longer than in T. solstitialis, the basal lobe
of basistyle as in 7. violaceus.
Pupa - Very similar to 1. solstitialis.
Tube four and a half times as broad
as apical width. Group of cephalothoracic setae with a long one the others minute.
Abdomen with segment VI having hair B. slightly longer.
Larua -Front0
clypeus not marked. In one mount there are two double sctae
on one side, on the other a simple one.
Type locality Brasil,
State of Bahia, S. Salvador. Type lost ?
Distribution
Brasil,
States of S. Paulo and Bahia.
Bionomics - Larvae found in water held in the axils of Bromeliaceae and
in tree holes.
Nomina
Toxorhynchites
1923
Megarhinus
lzeizai
Petrocchi,
Rev.
nuda.
( ?) neivai
Ins.
Bad.
B. A.,
Petrocchi, 1923
3
10.
TOSORHYSCHITISI
Bibliography
135
for TOXORHYNCHITES
1923b -
*
Descripcicin de dos
new
A$fegarhinus from
BRETH&, J. - 1926c - Contribution para el conocimiento de 10s mosquitos argentinos. Description de un nuevo Meyarhinus : Megarhinlts tucumanus. Bol.
Ins. Clin. Cir., B. Aires, 2 : 318321, 2 fgs.
DYAR, H. G. & KNAB, F. 1906a The species of Mosquitoes in the genus
Megarhinus. Smiths. Misc. Colls., Quar. Iss., 48 (3) : 241-258.
FLOCH, H. & ABONNENC, E. 1945b - Les moustiques de la Guadeloupe (II).
Les genres Megarhinus, *4edes, Culex, Deinocerites, Mansonia et Wyeomyia.
Ins. Pasteur de la Guyane et du Ter. de lInini,
110 : 48 pp., il.
KN~\B, F. - 1907b - ,4 new species of Meyarhinus. Can. Ent., 39 : 50-51.
1911 -
1913 -
Psyche, 18 (2)
: 80-82.
31st. Janunr>-,19.31.
Tribe ANOPHELINI.
Characters
Adult : Clypeus longer than broad, with lateral
grooves ; vertex generally covered wit,h long, proclinate scales ; occiput
with the erect scales predominating ; palpus five segmented, at
least three fourths the length of proboscis (except in the genus Bironella
in which it is shorter) ; first palpal segment minute* the other segments elongate ; labium slender and flexible ; mandibles and maxillae
quite developed and toothed ; thorax slightly arched and elongate ;
scutellum rounded (except in Chagasia where it is trilobed) ; marginal
setae placed at regular intervals.
Abdomen genera.lly without scales, when the tergites are covered
by them, then, the sternites are sparsely scaled. Male genitalia with
simple, elongate dististyle ; claw before apex ; basistyle short, without
apical lobes and generally without basal ones ; mesosome tubular ;
female genitalia with a single spermatheca.
Legs elongate. Wing with the 3rd. vein beyond the transversal
ones. Squamula with complete fringe.
Pupa - Tube short, and open. Abdominal segment with hair A
simple in III-VII,
in VIII forming a tuft. Apex of paddle with a single
hair.
Lama - Head longer than broad, very movable and capable of a
180 rotation, antenna normal, with a single seta near base and ending
in two long spines (sabers) and two small ones and a hair ; mouth
brushes with numerous hairs ; mentum long and narrow, the teeth
irregularly placed ; thorax longer than broad. Abdomen with multiple, differentiated hairs (float hairs), formed by broad leaves, on most
segments ; intersegmental sclerotized plates present ; segment VIII
with a characteristic pecten ; siphon reduced ; ventral brush present.
Egg - Free and generally bearing l&era1 floats.
Systematic position - This tribe is considered as the most primitive one in this subfamily. It shows a direct link with the Culicini
(through the genus Chagasia) with has a trilobed scutellum, posterior
pronotal setae and the charact,eristic resting position of the adult. The
larva has characters which link it, on the other hand, with
Eucorefhrini.
In Anophelini the scale covering of the adult does not attain the
same development as found in CuZex while the palpus is long and has
five segments. In the larva the siphon has not become elongate.
* The palp is frequently described has having only four segments. In such
cases, the first segment, which is very small and globose is not taken into
consideration.
138
L I N I
and
larva.
**
Genus CHAGASIA
1906
Chugasia
Craz,
Rrsz.
Med.,
20
199.
Type
I.
Cruz, 1906.
fajardoi
Lutz,
1904.
Characters
- Adult : Palpus longer than proboscis, in the male
with the t,erminal segments clavate ; antenna plumose in the male
and filiform in the female ; cervical segments disposed in such a manner
that the head is quite detached and inclined downwards ; posterior
pronotal setae present ; scutellum trilobed ; abdomen without scales.
* We have adopted Galv%os (1943) nomeclature for the male genitalia except
for the terms used by us (see pg. 9). We have also adopted the nomenclature
proposed by Ev&ns (1938) for the pupa. The larval chaetotaxy which w-e
use, is that of Russell, Rozeboom and Stone (1943).
** ,4 general key for the eggs of Anophelines is given in the ~V~ssorhynchws
section of this -monograph.
139
ANOPHELINI
Body covered with dark brown and white scales. With the following
pleural chaetotaxy : - two posterior pronotals, about six spiraculars,
a row of sternopleurals and prealars as well as tuft of mesepimerals.
Costa1 veins sinuous and giving the distal portion the appearance of
being broader ; peppered or not with white scales but never showing
distinct spots.
Pupa - i4bdomen with hairs A of segments V-VII and B from
III-VIII
thick and developed as well as the terminal hair on paddle.
Larva - Anterior angle of clypeus with hair 1 curved and thick ;
hairs 2, 3 and 4 with simple stem, the apex multiple and fan-shaped ;
antenna spiculose, internally with a basal hair, apex with simple dorsal
saber, the ventral one internally fringed ; pleural setae simple.
Abdomen spiculose on the sides and ventrally, dorsally bare ;
hair 1 characteristic (fig. 75) and with about twenty branches. Such
hairs are only found on segments III-V.
Anterior process of spiracular
apparatus modified into a long filament which ends in an equally
long seta.
Fig.
i6.
Fig.
73.
Chagasia
bathanus
(Based
on Kemp,
Fig.
76.
Chagasia
J. Hyg.,
Fig.
(Dyar,
1928).
I,alT;r.
Palmate
1942,
Au.
of the Caribbean
Region,
fajardoi
(Lutz,
pl. 6 fig. 10).
1904).
Nale
genitalia.
i5.
nhdomiual
fig.
52).
(Phased
on
Root,
1927,
hm.
140
ANOPHELINI
daytime but will feed also at night. The larvae are found in side pools
or regularly flowing streams.
Key
for
adults.
for
larvae.
P~retophorus
Lutz
1907
Chugasia
Theobald,
1908
PeryassG,
OS Cul.
1926
Boyd,
1927
Shannon
Am.
Mon.
J. Hyg.,
& Del
1928
Dyar,
1931
Shannon,
Mos.
Am.,
1938
Galvso
& Barretto,
1942
Co&a
& Ramos,
1913
Rlissel
& Al.,
Proc.
Galvis,
1944
Unti
Rev.
1945
Causeg,
Deane
Mos.
Ser.,
Rev.
Sot.
123.
46
Ins.
Bact.
Wash.,
Rev.
Ar.
Fat.
& Romos,
16.
1927 Root,
B. A.,
Am.
J. Hyg.,
470.
61.
431.
Ent.
Keys
1943
Brazil,
122.
Mon.
Ponte,
Mos.
Cul.,
Brazil,
(Lutz, 1904).
fajardoi
(in Bourroul),
Hig.
An.
Hig.
1948
Giglioli,
Lane
(in Boyd),
Contr.
syn.
1906
Chagasiu
neivai
? 1931
Chogasia
bonneae
& Sau.
Pub.,
Serv.
Malariolopy,
Cruz,
and
Br.
114.
7
38, 323.
: 8**.
12
Nat.
:
42.
Bogota,
J.
152.
Pub.,
& Saud.
& Deane,
1949
33
Hyg.,
of the World,
Med.,
Ar.
Biol.
Mnl.
Guiana,
8 : 29 : 1944 Correa
Sot.,
199.
344,
& Ramos,
id., 9
135.
345.
37.
1 : 399.
Brazil.
Chagasia
Med.,
20
bathanus
Shannon,
Proc.
Ent.
Sot.
Wash.,
33
152
A N 0
var.
1921
Chagasia
fajardoi
1932
Chagasia
fajardoi
maculata
P H
PeryassG,
stigmopteryx
E I, I N
A Fl. Med.,
Martini,
Rev.
141
Ent.,
18, 141
2:
1923 Peryassd,
id., 4
: 6s.
276
Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, covered with dark brown scales,
the lower inferior ones erect ; labellum slightly lighter. Palpus longer than proboscis, covered with erect, dark brown scales except at apex of segments III-V
where there are spots of white ones. Clypeus brown with basolateral expansions.
Antenna with visible scape, as broad as torus ; torus reduced, brown, with verticils
of scales ; flagellum short, segment I with broad blackish scales, a few white
ones intermixed, the verticils median ; segments II-VII
with apical tufts of broad
black scales, the verticils basal, VIII-XII
with basal verticils and without tufts
of scales. Occiput with brown integument, the suture median and longitudinal,
distinct and ending in a protuberance ; proclinate setae golden with short scales
of this color ; oculars dark brown, the rest covered with slender long scales and
short white ones intermixed with erect, very fine, forked black scales.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown, covered with white scales and golden setae.
Mesonotum brown, the acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae brown ; covered
with short or long and slender scales, those of the anterior margin golden while
the others are white and over the anterior half ; over the wings and in a transversal row there are brown scales, those of the sides being long and stemmed ;
prescutellar region covered with white scales. Scutellum trilobed, the marginal
setae in tufts ; covered with sparse white scales. Pleura brown.
Legs : Coxae brown with whitish setae and scales. Femora dark brown with
spots of white scales, the apex with white scales forming rings. Tibiae peppered
with white spots that, in the fore pair are smaller; dark scales of hind pair
somewhat, erect. Fore and mid tarsi with many white rings. Hind basitarsus with
five white ringa ; segments II-IV
with nearly the basal three fourths white, V
completely white, partially dark or totally dark.
b.
a.
Fig.
77.
Chagasia
fajardoi
(Based
on Root,
(Lutz,
1904).
Pupa.
Tube and
1927, Am. J. Hyg.,
7: pl. 5 fig.
terminal
abdominal
segments.
8 and pl. 7, figs. 19 and 21).
Wing densely covered with dark brown scales except for a few white ones on
cost,al region ; a few white scales can be found on other veins. Haltere with
yellowish stem and dark brown knob.
Abdomen brown, with long hairs ; sternites with golden hairs ; ccrci develoaed and elongate.
i%fale - Similar to female. -4ntenna nlumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 76). Dististyle longer*t,han basistyle. Claw small and nearly
apical. Basistyle twice the basal width, setose ; basal lobe densely spiculose ; in
the middle of basistyle there are two short, strong setae. Mesosome columnar,
short, the apex slightly curved. Anal lobe conical.
Pupa - Tube (fig. 77a) nearly square-shaped with a rounded projection on
Fig.
Fig.
78.
Chagasia
fajardoi
(Lutz,
1004).
Larva.
setae and abdominal
hairs
n. 1. (Based
J. Nat. MaI.
Sot.,
4, pl. 2).
Fig.
79.
Chagasia
pl. 1).
fajardoi
(Lutz,
1904).
Egg.
79.
Clypeal
hairs,
prothoracic
ZDOUp
Of
on Causeg,
Deane
& Deane,
1944,
(Based
on Caueey,
Deane
& Deane,
ibd.,
113
ASOIHELIXI
Chagasia
1!)44
Chayasiu
1945
Causey.
1947
Deane
1949
Rachou,
Deane
et al.,
MaI
rozeboomi
Causey,
Deane
& Deane,
Rev.
Serv.
B Doencas
& Deane,
Am.
a.
Fig.
c!.
h.
Fig.
PO
Fig.
PO. -
1944.
Deane
8~ Deane,
Chaprasia
rozehoomi
Causr~,
prothoracic
group
of setae
and
abdominal
hairs
n.
Deane
& Deane,
1944,
J. Nat.
Mal.
Sot.,
4, pl. 2).
Fig.
81.
Chagasia
Deane
&
rozeboomi
Causep
I)eane
Deane,
ibd., pl. 1).
&
Deane,
1944.
81.
Lnrrn.
Clypeal
hairs.
1.
(Based
on Cnusey,
Egg.
P,axed
on
Cause:-,
two short stout branches developed into leaflets with notched leaflets arising
mostly from one side of stem and usually with short serrated tips. Ventral and
lateral surface of t,horax densely clothed with small hairs.
Lateral hairs of abdomen long and feathered on segments I-II ; segments
II-VI with small branched hairs. Palmate hairs on two first abdominal segments
composed of flattened leaflets with irregular margins and narrow tips ; on segment
III-V
racket-shaped with expanded portions much shorter than stem, (fig. 80 c.)
irregular serration on apical margins and short filament ussually shorter than
expanded portion. Anterior tergal plates well chitinized, small, more or less rounded
or polygonal, with longitudinal axis almost same length as transverse axis. Tergal
plate of segment VIII
broader and shorter than preceding one. Each abdominal
segment with dorso-lateral area covered with small hairs ; lateral and ventral
surface of abdomen also covered wit,h small hairs. Spiracular apparatus wit,h
peculiar appearance of genus. Anterior flap prolonged into whip-like process, stem
of whip represented by long appendage about l/3 of total length, at tip of which
is articulated long hair representing lash of whip. Posterior flap when viewed by
high power lens shows lateral margin fringed with flattened hairs. Pecten with
about ten teeth, two terminal long and eight median, short.
Egg - (fig. 81). Causey, Deane & Deane (1944). Strongly convex ventrally
and concave dorsally. About six or eight parallel floats tightly approximated over
surface of egg except for broad longitudinal dark band with faint reticulated pattern
enclosed by frill at dorsal surface, narrow longitudinal bands of distinct reticulated
exochorion at sides of frill and broader at ventral surface. Each extremity of egg
surmounted dorsally by thick, whitish, spongy cap-like structure. In some specimens one or more floats interrupted instead of extending from tip to tip of egg.
Type locality Brasil, St,ate of Ceara, Loanda. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Bras&
State of Ceara.
927.
1923
1924
v. Gen.,
48.
1925
1927
192s
1943
1943
1945
1947
1947
Female - Proboscis dark, the scales on basal half erect and with a few white
ones apically. Palpus dark with small rings of white scales on apex of segments,
those of segment I erect. Clypeus dark brown. Antenna as in C. fajurdoi. Vertex
with a tuft of yellowish proclinate setae and short scales. Occiput with brown integument, the suture and prot,uberance as in C. fujurdoi ; covered with erect, slender,
forked scales and black ones mixed with appressed, rounded white ones.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown with yellowish setae and scales. Mesonotum scutellum and postnotum as in C. fujardoi.
Legs : Coxae brown with whit.e setae and scales. Femora dark brown,
peppered with small white spots, the apex with scales of this color nearly forming
rings. Tibiae peppered with white spots which, on the hind pair, are smaller, the
dark scales on hind pair somewhat raised. Fore and mid tarsi with numerous white
rings ; hind pair with four (sometimes five) white rings, other segments w:t 1 a
single ring except the last one which is variable.
Wing dark with all veins peppered with white scales.
Abdomen as C. fujardoi.
145
ANOPHELINI
illale - Palpus longer than proboscis, last two segments swollen, sparsely
setose, three last segments with apical white scales. Antenna moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 82). B asistyle one and a half times as long as wide ; a median
lobe with six stout spines and small hairs. Dististyle one fifth longer than basistyle.
Mesosome tubelike.
Fig. 82. -
Chagasia
bonnea$
Root, 1927.
Male genitalia.
Original.
Pupa - Integument unicolorous. Tube quadrate, (fig. 83 a) an apical filament present. Abdomen (fig. 83 b) with hair A in the form of a short curved spine
in V and VI, in VII-VIII
it is short, straight and pointed. Hair B in III-VII
a
thick, short spine, similar to A. Paddle twice the length of segment VIII, the spicule
distinct, the lateral margin serrate.
b.
Fig. 83. -
Chagasia
bonneae
146
ANOPHELINI
Larva - (fig. 84 a, b and c.) The only differences between this species and
C. bathanus is that the frontal head hairs are in a straight line.
Egg Unknown.
Type Zocalify Surinan.
Type in U. S. N. RI.
Distribution Surinan
; Colombia ; Peru, Tingo Maria.
b.
a.
Fig.
84.
1928
Anopheles
Chagasia
1928
Cury,
1936
Senevet,
1939
Kumm
19
1940
C.
Chagasia
bonneac
Root,
1027.
Larva.
Clypral
hairs,
prothoracic
setae and abdominal
hair
n. 1. (Based
on Causey,
Deane
& Deane,
Xat.
Illal.
Sot.,
4, pl. 2).
(Chugasia)
Dyar,
J. Trop.
Med.,
Am.
Ar.
Gahaldon
1941
Rozeboom,
1941
Komp,
Am.
,1m.
Bs. Adv.
et al.,
1943
et al., Am.
Kumm
Deane
Xlal.,
J. Trop.
As. Adv.
1943 Russell
194.5 Causey
Div.
Sci.,
An.
J. Trop.
& Deane,
map
J. Trop.
5
Med.,
1939 Humm
20
8: Ruiz,
Am.
J. Trop.
Med.,
412.
68.
21
(560.
98.
98
29.
Sot.,
Med.,
Sci.,
Ke5.s to the
1928).
433.
12 :
y Prot.
et al., 3m.
et al., Pub.
of
J.
243.
Sal. Pub.
Am.
Am.,
Algerie,
1940 Kumm
& Ram,
8:
Pasteur
et al., Men].
438
1941 Kumm
Ins.
(Dyar,
bathanus
Mos.
group
1944,
1942 Kemp,
of the
Med.,
J. Nat.
1946
Cova-Garcia.
XII
Cong.
San.
1949
Castellanos
et al.,
Am.
J. Trop.
23
Rlal.
Panam.,
Med.,
Nat.
World,
Ins. Hlth.
Bul.,
179
30.
374.
Sot.,
1
29
61,
344,
107,
345.
143.
34.
Guatemala
Panama:
and Venezuela.
Costa
Rica:
Mexico:
British
Honduras:
147
ASOPI-IELINI
Fig.
Fig.
P5.
86.
Chagasia
tales
figs. 98
bathkus
and
Chagasia
of setae,
bathanus
(Dyar,
(Based
on Komp,
; b. mesosomc.
(Dyar,
1928).
(Based
on
Male
Kemp,
b.
genitalia.
1942,
-\n.
a. basistyles
and
distisof the Caribbean
Region,
99),
1028).
1942,
a.
b.
Lnr~a.
Clypeal
hairs
and
_kn. of the Caribbean
Region,
prothoracic
group
figs. 50 and 51).
148
L I N I
Genus ANOPHIXLES
1818
Annplreles
Meigen,
Syst.
Beschr.,
1 :
13 (syno,\-my
Meigen, 1818.
under
subgenera).
Characters
Adult : Palpus the length of proboscis in both
sexes, in the male the last) two segments are thickened and flattened,
in the female, slender. Antenna filiform in the female and plumose
in the male. Thorax elongate, narrowed anteriorly, the acrostichal and
dorsocentral setae always present ; pronotal lobes developed ; posterior pronotum nude ; scutellum rounded and with a marginal row of
setae. Male genitalia without a basal lobe on basist,yle which has one
to five differentiated s&e.
Legs long. Wing generally marked with
white, the scales forming spots, the veins densely scaled.
Pupa - Tube short, the upper margin notched. Abdomen usually
covered with simple hairs or hairs subdivided int!o a few branches
except for the dendritic tufts ; hair A simple except on segment VII ;
paddle with a single apical hair.
Larva - Head with simple or pennate clypeal hairs, nearly never
with dense apical tuft,s ; hair 6 developed on the first three abdominal
segments ; hair 1 (float hair or palmate tuft) present on segments
III-VII
(except in Stethornyia) ; spiracular apparatus atrophied, the
anterior process without the long filament found in Chagusiu.
Egg - Free. Hind margin generally more pointed than the fore
one. Usually with lateral floats.
Bionomics Females take blood meals at night, sunset and
daybreak. In a few instances they bite during the day. Males form
swarms. The aquatic stages are passed in a large variety of natural
breeding places from hoofprints to large swamps. The subgenus
Kerksxiu has different habits, for the females take their blood meals
at any time during day or night and the aquatic stages are passed in
natural containers such as bromeliads and internodes of bamboo.
Importance us vectorsof malaria - Three subgenera belonging to
this genus have species which are vectors of malaria in our region.
They are Anopheles, Nyssorhynchus and Kertesxiu. In the subgenus
Anopheles the most important vector is A. pseudopunctipennis, a
mosquito of large dispersion. In the subgenus Nyssorhynchus the
most important malaria vectors are A. uZbimunus in Central America
and A. darlingi in South America. The vector species in the subgenus
Kertesxiu are A. cruxii and A. bellutor.
Key
for
subgenera.
Adult.
1.
Mesonotum with a silvery integumental stripe crossing it longitudinally ; wing with dark scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stethomyia
Without such a mesonotal stripe ; wing with scales of two or
more colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.
149
E L I p\T I
1902
Theobald,
Subgenus STETHOAMYIA
Theobald, 1902.
Med.,
5 : 181 Type S. nimba Theohald.
J. Trop.
Characters
Adult : Prealar setae absent. Mesonotum with
a longitudinal silvery stripe from anterior portion to scutellum. Wing
unicolorous. Male genitalia with a single parabasal spine on basistyle.
Pupa - Shows no subgeneric characters.
Larca - Lateral flaps of spiracular apparatus with an elongate,
spinelike process. Abdomen with hair 1 vestigial or absent.
Egg - A distinct collar present in one of the extremities. Floats
united anteriorly. Exochorion with a pattern.
Rio?zomics- Silvan. Females take blood meals on man and animals. They breed chiefly in shaded pools and swa.mps.
Key
for
the
adults
of
the
suhgenus
STETMOMYPA.
150
ANOPHELINI
Key
for
the
larvae
of the
subgenus
STETHOIMYIA.
Stethom~ia
(Stethompia)
Theobald,
Mon.
1904
Bourroul,
Mos.
1908
Peryassh,
OS Cul.
Brazil,
1910
Newstead
8: Thomas,
1916
Neiva
& Penna,
1918
Anopheks
1925
Dyar,
Ins.
Dyar,
Mos.
Am.,
Lima,
Mem.
Ins.
1931
Shannon,
Proc.
Trop.
Ins.
0.
Dyer,
Mens.,
1928
Ins.
13
Med.
8 :
Ins.
Ent.
Cruz,
25
Sot.
Am.,
Bogota,
12
of the
World,
Galvis,
Rev.
Russell
et al.,
Keys
1943
Downs
et al.,
J.
et al.,
Deane
Fat.
1947 Floch
An.
Nat.
Am.
XII
et al.,
Mal.
Serv.
& Abonnenc,
Ins.
1947
Coutinho,
1948
Giglioli,
Thesis,
syn.
1903
Rhunchomgia
1910
Theobald,
1911
¬&
Surcouf
1923
Goeldia
(Goeldia)
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
Br.
Am.,
L)yar.
133.
1 : 296,
144
300,
325,
3.
37.
Med.,
?3
202.
555.
Ins.
Ess.
Ins.
Mos.
Dipt.
Vul.
Mens.,
11
Sur.,
99
* Modified
53,
56.
Imp.
& Rincones,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Moe
Pub.,
Guiana.
Lutz,
Cul.,
47.
29.
Guyane,
S. Paulo,
line&a
10.
2.
Sau.
Pasteur
Serv.,
Mon.
Pan.,
Esp.
2 :
39
San.
Univ.
Conk.
56.
Sot.,
J. Hyg.,
Conf.
Rev.
Mos.
146.
134.
Med.,
1943
1943
1947
,6:
Mens
67.
35
12
Causey
142.
446.
C.
Hig.,
Cova-Garcia,
94.
190.
et al., Ar.
1944
& Par.,
Cruz,
1942 Galvgo
1946
(Theobald,
nimbus
62.
88.
An.
(dtethoml/ia)
1930
36.
Brazil,
Mem.
Ins.
Cul.,
156.
Ven.,
: 88.
230.
341,
362.
1903).
151
ASOPHELINI
Fenzale - Proboscis three fourths the length of fore femur, brown, labellum
sparsely covered with whitish pilosity.
Clypeus blackish brown, lighter on the
sides. Palpus brown, lighter inferiorly. Antenna with dark brown torus ; flagellum
shorter than length of proboscis, the verticils with long hairs. Occiput dark brown,
covered with erect, forked scales and setae of this color except for a tuft of slender
white scales on vertex, the longest surpassing in length the first flagellar segment.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe light brown, sparsely setose. Mesonotum with dark
brown integument except, for a silvery stripe from cervical scleritcs to scutellum
and others later0 anteriorly ; without scales ; acrostichal and dorsocentral as well
as supralar setae discreet and brown. Scutellum brown, the marginal setae long.
Pleura brown, t,wo upper mesepimeral and a few lower ones.
Legs brown, the articulations lighter. Tarsi brown but with very small and
indist,inct rings.
Wing covered with brown scales. Squamula with fringe. Haltcre with whitish
stem and blackish knob.
Abdomen : Tergites brown, sparsely covered with golden hairs. Sternites
lighter.
Male - Palpus swollen distally. Antenna plumose, with four fifths the length
of proboscis. Similar to the female.
Genitalia : (fig. 87) Basistyle elongate, covered with minute spiculcs : parabasal seta large, broad and two thirds the length of basistyle ; internal seta slender,
curved and inserted above the parabasal one. Dististyle longer than basistyle,
slender, curved, sparsely covered with spicules. Claw nearly apical, the apex
rounded. Ventral lobe of claspette with a beak shaped setsa. Xlesosome bare.
Pupa - Integument unicolorous. Tube broad. Cephalot horacic hairs small.
87.
Fig.
87.
Fig.
88.
88.
Anopheles
(Stethomyia)
nimbus
(Theobalb,
1903).
Male
on Shannon,
1931,
Proc.
Ent.
Sot. Wash.
33:
163).
(Steth omyia)
nimbus
(Theobald,
1903).
Egg.
Anopheles
Deane
R- Deane,
1947,
Serv. Esp.
San. Pub.,
1: pl. 1).
(Based
genitalia.
(Based
on
Causey,
152
AN@PHELINI
Anopheles
(Stethomyia)
1930
Anopheles
(Stethomyiu)
1932
Anopheles
(Stethomyiu)
1933
Shannon,
Proc.
Ent.
1941
Komp,
Am.
As. Adv.
Komp,
Nat.
Ins.
1943
Russell
et al.,
Keys,
Causey
et al.,
Am.
1944
Correa
& Ramos,
1946
Cova-Garcia,
XII
1947
Deane
Rev.
1947
Coutinho,
Bloch
Pig.
89.
Thesis,
& Abonnenc,
Anopheles
Shannon,
kompi
Edwards,
Wash.,
Sci.,
Hlth.
1944
1947
Shannon
Sot.
1942
et al.,
nimba
An.
J.
Ar.
90
Bul.
48,
39 (1)
e Ssu.
86,
San.
Panam.,
Serv.
Esp.
Sau.
S. Paulo,
Pasteur
(St&horny&)
7931,
Proc.
Edwards, 1930.
Am., 23 : 473.
34.
id.,
98.
134.
33.
2.
Pub.,
Gong.
Ins.
Ins.,
Ent.
134.
of the World,
Hig.,
An.
1941 Rozeboom,
169
Hyg.,
Univ.
Gen.
35
kompi
& Davis,
Pub.,
54,
9
135.
102,
132.
135.
55.
Guyane,
144
3.
kompi
Edwards,
Ent.
Sot. Wash.,
1930.
33:
163).
Male
genitalia.
(Based
on
153
ANOPHELINI
Fig.
90.
AnopheIes
(Stethomyia)
kompi
dorsal.
(Based
on Shannon
&
Edwards,
1930.
Davis,
1930,
An.
Pupa.
Ent.
Abdominal
Sot.
Am.,
91.
Fig.
91.
Fig.
92.
segments.
pl. 2).
92.
Anopheles
(Stethomyia)
kompi
Edwards,
rothoracic
hairs.
(Based
on Komp,
1942,
figs. 54 and 55).
Anopheles
& Deane,
22
(Stethomyia)
1947,
Rel-.
kompi
Edwards,
Serv.
Esp.
Sau.
1930.
Larva.
C!ypeal
hairs
and
An. Nos. of the Caribbean
region,
1930.
Egg.
Pub.,
1: pl.
(Based
1).
on Causey,
Deane,
Larva - (fig. 91). Similar to A. (8.) nimbus except for the characters given
in the key.
Egg - (fig. 92). Causey, Deane Rt Deane (1944) : - &
. . resembles those of
A. pseudopunctipennis. Anterior end stout, posterior end tapering ; exochorion
with polygonal pattern on all exposed parts except small area between floats ;
floats short and continuous anteriorly, fused at posterior end ; circular collar
formed by broad frill situated dorsally at, posterior end, in contact with fused posterior tips of floats.
Type ZocaZity - Panama,
Almirante.
Type in B. XI.
Distribution - From Costa Rica to Panama
until the southeast of Brasil
including Venezuela
and Colombia.
Anopheles
1937
Anopheles
1943
Russell
1940
Senevet
1947
Eloch
(Stethomyia)
(Stethonyin)
& al.,
Keys
An.
to the An.
& Abonnenc,
& Ahonnenc,
Kemp,
Al.
Ins.
Sot.
Am.,
of the World,
Ins.
Pasteur
Pasteur
Kemp,
acanthotorynus
Ent.
42.
dAlg&rie,
Guynne,
144
1937.
30 : 3%.
18
441,
442.
2.
Fig.
93.
Anopheles
on Komp,
(Stethomyia)
1927,
An.
acanthotorynus
Ent.
Sot. Am.
Iiomp,
30: fig.
1937.
1).
Xale
genitalia.
(Based
A K
0 P
II
E L I S
155
Note - The males have a median white line from anterior portion to prescutellar depression of mesonotum. The lateral lines are on anterior third. Senevet
& Abonnenc (1940) make the following remarks on this species : - Les ssules
diffbrences que nous onh paru notables sont dabord laspect plus large de lepine
du lobe interne qui est plus triangulaire que cclle reprksent6e par Kemp. En outre,
le mitsosome nia pas le m&ne aspect. 11 est vrai que Kemp en donne une vuc 1atB
rale tandis que notre rcpr@sentation est frontale.
Anopheles
1933
Anopheles
(Stethomyia)
Shannon
1933
Davis,
1943
Russell
An.
Ent.
19$6
Cova-Garcia,
1947
Deane
1949
Lar.e
(in Boyd),
syn.
1931
Anoplreles
& al.,
(n.n.),
Sot.
Keys
XII
lroc.
_kn.,
Ent.
26
to the An.
Am.,
Conf.
San.
Panam.,
Serv.
Esp.
Sau.
1
Zewisi Shannon,
35
1933.
: 5%
277.
of the World,
Malarioloqy,
Shannon,
thomasi
Sot.
Pub.,
50.
: 36, 133.
1 : 362.
401.
Prop.
Ent.
Sot.
Wash.,
33
: 134.
Female and male - Vertex with lone: white scales. Xcsonotum with three
distinct, lines on integument and 1 or 2 pr;alar setae.
Genitalia : (fig. 94). Differs from A. nimbus by the following characters
(Shannon, 1931) : - The more elongate condition of the larger arm of the claspette,
the elongate and trough-like intermediate arm, and the shorter and stouter spine
of the inner arm.
Fig.
94.
Anophdes
Shannon,
(Stethomyia)
1931,
Proc.
Anopheles
thomasi
Ent.
Sot.
Shannon,
1933.
Xale
33:
163).
Wash.,
genitalia.
(Based
on
Unknown.
State of Bahia, Cururipe rv. Type in U. S. N. 51.
State of Bahia and State of Par& ; Peru,
Iquitos.
(Stethomyia)
1945
Floch
& Ahonnenc,
Ins.
Pasteur
1947
Floch
& Abonnenc.
id.,
144
: 2.
canorii
Guyane
et Ter.
Inini,
156
ANOPHELINI
Fig.
95.
canorii
Floch
& Abonnenc,
1945.
Male
genitalia.
Anopheles
(Stethomyia)
(Based
on Floch & Abonnenc,
1945,
Ins.
Pasteur
Guyane
et Ter.
Inini,
116:
fig. B., _ng. 3).
157
ANOPHELINI
fusionne avec son homologue par une menbra,ne pigmentbe qui a grosierement, sur
la pr¶tion montee, la forme dun champignon. Mesosome arrondi 4 son extremite, la partie membraneuse est plus large que longe.
Female Unknown.
Pupa, larva and egg - Unknown.
Type ZocaZify- French
Guiana,
1_4pprouague, Saut Grand Canori. Type
in Institut Pasteur of French Guiana.
Note. - This species seems quite close to A. acanthotorynus
Subgenus ANOPHELES
1818
Anopheles
1901
CycZo7epteron
RZeigen,
Syst.
1901
CycZoEepidopterou
Blsnchnrd
1902
Rossia
J.
1902
Myzorhynchus
1903
Christya
Theobald,
Theobald,
Beschr.,
Mon.
Trop.
Blanchard,
Theobald,
Rept.
1 :
Cul.,
181 -
(emend.),
Med.,
C.
R.
Sleeping
10 --
C.
Sot.
type
202 R.
Biol.,
Sickness
maculipennis
type
Sot.
type
5L :
Corn.
s. str.
Biol.,
53
sinensis
795 -R.
Meigen.
grabhnmi
Sot.,
Theobald.
1046.
Wiedemann.
type
3
sinensis
31 --
Wd.
type
implexa
Theobald.
Kej Tfor
the
adults
of the
subgenera
ANOPHELES
and
LOPHOPODOMYIA.
4. Vein 6 marked with white ; the large spot of hind tibia extending
to corresponding tarsus I .............................
.5.
TTein 6 dark ; t,he large spot on hind t,ibia not extending to corresponding tarsus I ..................................
.6.
5. Costa1 vein with five white spots ; 6th. vein also with five white
pseudotibiamaculatus
spots ...............................
Costa1 vein with six white spots ; 6th. vein extensively marked
with white in the middle ..........................
gilesi
tibiamaculatus
6. Costa1 vein with three white spots ...............
Costa1 vein dark but with a small whit,e spot on 1st. vein reaching
the apex of wing .................................
eiseni
7. Femora and tibiae peppered with white ...................
Femora and tibiae unicolorous ...........................
-8.
10.
.9.
8. Last two hind tarsal segments dark with white rings ........
Last two hind tarsal segments completely white .... annzdipalpis
9. Veins 3rd. and 6th. with white scales predominating .... grabhami
These veins with dark scales predominating .......
vestitipennis
10. Vein 6th. with four or more dark spots ...................
This vein with less than four dark spots ..................
.ll.
.12.
11. Last abdominal tergite and cerci densely covered with white
scales intermixed with dark ones ; sternites I-VII
without
white scales ..................................
peryassui
Tergites and cerci without scales, covered with pilosity ; sternites
mattogrossensis
I-VII with median tufts of white scales .....
.l3.
12. Costa1 vein with more than two white spots ...............
This vein with only two white spots ......
pseudopunctipennis
13. Vein 6th. completely dark or with a single small white spot in
the middle .....................................
zargasi
This vein white or with one to three dark spots ............
.14.
14. Vein 6th. with three small dark spots ; coxae, trochanters and
base of femora white .................................
.15.
Vein 6th. fvith one or two dark spots ; coxae, trochanters and
base of femora yellowish .............................
.16.
15. Wing with yellowish scales ; costa with the spots evenly distributed ......................................
oiketorakras
Wing with white scales ; costs with two spot,s at base and two
additional ones at apex ..........................
hectoris
16. Vein 3 with three distinct dark spots ; subcostal vein with two
dark spots ; abdominal segments with basal whitish bands
..........................
parapunctipennis parapunctipennis
Vein 3 dark or with the three spots indistinct ; subcostal vein
dark ......................
parapunctipennis guatemalensis
159
AKOPHELINI
Key
for
the
larvae
of
ANOPHELES
and
LOPHOPODOMYIA.
.2.
1. Setae of body evenly and discreetely distributed ...........
Setae of body bunched into rosettes giving the larva and hirsute
xelajuensis
appearance ..................................
2. Abdominal segments IV and V with hair 6 divided into two or
.3.
more branches or with numerous branches ..............
Abdominal segments IV and V with hair 6 simple ...........
parapunctipennis parapunctipennis
..........................
parapunctipennis guatemalensis
.4.
3. Clypeal hair 3 simple ...................................
.7.
Clypeal hair 3 divided into two or more branches ...........
4. Clypeal hairs, 2, 3 and 4 long, simple and subequal ; meso and
5.
metathoracic setae thickened and spiniform ...............
.6.
Such hairs different ....................................
5. Spiracular apparatus with the post.erior plate elongated into two
projections which are curved upwards. ...................
pseudopunctipennis pseudopunctipennis
......................
pseudopunctipennis franciscanus
Without such projections ....
hectoris
6. Clypeal hair 3 longer and thicker than 2 .............
eiseni
This hair shorter and more slender than 2 .............
7. Prothoracic hair 1 short, with t,en branches and like a palmate
mattogrossensis
tuft
....................................
.8.
Such a hair without this shape ..........................
8. Clypeal hair 3 weakly branched, with less than t,wenty branches
.9.
or entirely bare .....................................
Clypeal hair 3 strongly branched and divided into fifty or more
.12.
branches giving it a fan-shaped appearance ..............
9. Abdominal tuft 1 with the branches as long and slender filagilesi
ments ...........................................
10.
This tuft without such filaments ..........................
10. Clypeal hair 3 divided near base into two strong branches ; abdominal segments IV, V and VI divided into five to eight branches
vargasi
.................................................
Clypeal hair 3 divided into about twenty terminal branches ... 11.
11. Abdominal segment IV and V with hair G double ; on VI absent
vestitipennis
..........
fi$ &
if a;dddmiiai
i,,ieit,~+:$;
dI:~~~d~j
annulipalpis
12. Larva nude ; abdominal hair 6 double on segments IV and V. .13.
Ventral surface of larva strongly spiculose ; hair 6 on IV and V
minor
triple ...........................................
13. Clypeal hair 4 with five branches ..................
This hair with three branches .......................
peryassui
grabhami
160
ANOIHELINI
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
pseudopunctipennis
1901
Anopheles
1906
Dyar
1916
Dyar,
Theobald,
& Knab,
Ins.
1917
Howard,
1918
Dyar,
Ins.
1923
Root,
Am.
1923
Ietrocchi,
1923
Bonne
1927
Ins.
4 :
Men.,
J. Hyg.,
Ins.
& Davis,
Mon.,
274
1928
Davis,
_4m. J. Trop.
Dyar,
Mos.
1932
Holfman,
1934
Earle,
1936
Senevet,
Am.,
1937
Komp,
1937
Hoffman
1937
Rozeboom,
1938
Gabaldon,
1939
Kumm
1939
Del
1939
Vargas,
1939
Kumm
J.
Wash.,
An.
Ins.
23
Mal.,
Rev.
Ins.
Ins.
1940
Vargas,
Rev.
1941
Kumm,
Am.
& al.,
1927
4 : 252.
Shannon,
Davis
6: Del
Ponte,
id.,
46.
id., 8
131
1928 Davis,
id.,
457.
20
Ins.
Div.
Sal.
J. Trop.
Med.,
16 : 459.
157.
8 : 239.
197.
19
Trop.,
438.
149.
1 : 79.
y Prot
Sot.
map 7
1940 Kumm
& Soto,
id., 22
1940
Kumm
411.
5
463.
Mal.,
y As. Sot.,
J. Trop.
Am.
29.
B. A.,
y Enf.
Pub.
San.
Earle,
Mexico,
Med.,
Sal. Pub.
Med.,
39
Caracas,
Bact.
Sal.
Rev.
id.,
538.
J. Trop.
Gabaldon
662
1928 Rickerd,
12 :
Biol.
Am.
Anduze,
:
:
id., 5
: 5.
1925 Petrocchi,
B. A..
-4lgerie,
Div.
1940
518.
: 523.
; 1936
44
Pub.
1940
Sur.,
167
25
Dept.,
Sot.
Par.,
id.,
10 ;
Ponte,
Pasteur
Ent.
Rev.
Root,
3 :
Bact.
& Ruiz,
Ponte,
21
Ins.
Med.,
& Roaro,
J.
176.
1014.
1924
& Del
San.
Ins.
Proc.
B. A.,
Med.
Med.
.4r.
448.
Southern
Rep.
4:
Mos.
Rev.
305.
14
143.
Bact.
1927 Shannon
2
Sot.,
50.
8: Bonne-Wepster,
1928
y Enf.
Med.,
38.
Trop.,
277.
21 : 93 ; 1941 Kumm
& Ram,
id., 21
560
1941 Vargas
&
al.,
780.
1941
Komp,
1941
Vnrgas,
Rev.
Am.
As. Adv.
Sot.
1942
Komp,
Nat.
Ins.
1943
Galvis,
Rev.
Fat.
Sci.,
1943
Kumm
Ross
1943
Russell
& al.,
1944
Kumm
& Zbniga,
& Roberts,
J.
Trop.
El
1944
Levi-Castello,
RIatheson,
1945
Aitken,
1945
Hackett,
1945
Levi-Castillo,
An.
Rep.
1946
Cova-Garcia,
XII
Conf.
1949
Castellanos
& al.,
1950
Sassi
Univ.
Complejo
Mos.
N.
Ins.
J.
1950
Vargas
1950
Lane
& Palacios,
syn.
1907
Anopheles
1912
Protoreorhynchus
1912
Anopheles
1916
P.
(in Boyd),
374.
23,
24.
34.
18.
J.
Nat.
Ent.,
An.
Levi-Castillo,
43,
29
9
Levi-Castillo,
id.,
95,
J. Econ.
Ent.,
38
385.
134.
34.
181.
MCxico,
Mem.
BrethBs,
Lahille,
83.
An.
Mus.
Mun.
Bol.
Mus.
Lima,
Ins.
Nat.
Nat.
B. A.,
Anopheles
pseudopunctipennis
boydi
Vargas,
1944
Anopheles
pse-udopunctipennis
leuicastilloi
en el Ecuador,
1944
407.
Tamayo,
An.
1939
pennis
BrethBs,
327.
1945
Med.,
Mos.
:
1
Sot.,
argentinus
tucumanus
33
Trop.
6 : 239.
Panam.,
Tax.
peruvianus
Trop.,
Mal.
en el Ecuador,
112.
Ecuador,
Malariology,
argentinus
pse-udopunctipennis
San.
105.
140.
of the World,
39
id.,
12.
23
1
An.
y Enf.
Est.
12
hled.,
Pub.
Sal.
Am.
& Hackett,
93,
America,
California,
Rev.
179 : 49,
J. Hyg.,
1944
The
48.
iltlas,
to the
Am.
N.,
Bogota,
hiosquito
Keys
1941 Rozeboom,
H.
Bul.
Med.,
90
Mexicana
Hlth.,
1943
subsp.
Ent.
& Knah,
Ins.
Rev.
480
id.,
Cul.,
Y.
Men*.,
Dyar
Shannon
4
Mon.
J. N.
pseudopuncti-
Theobald, 1901.
pennis
7 pp.
35.
En.
y Pat.
H.
N.,
23
Rev.
23
Veg.,
15.
253.
201.
Med.
Levi-Castillo,
Mex.,
El
19
Complejo
356.
pseudopuncti-
6.
161
ANOPHELINI
1945
Anopheles
pseudopunctipennis
rivanaderai
1947
Anopheles
pseudopunctipennis
patersoni
Levi-Castillo,
Alvarado
Mosquito
& Heredia,
News,
Reg.,
: 73.
Female - Proboscis dark, one fifth shorter than fore femur, labellum lighter.
Palpus with dark brown scales except articulation of segments I and II and II and
III which have an apical white ring ; IV also having yellowish scales. Occiput
with brown integument, with forked brown scales except extensive anterosuperior
spot of white scales which reaches vertex, these scales are also forked and mixed
with long, slender ones and setae at vertex ; oculars brown.
Thorax : Pronot,al lobe brown, with setae of this color. Mesonotum with
dark brown integument and a large, broad longitudinal grayish stripe which enlarges towards scutellum ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae pale, and also pale
sparse scales ; setae and scales inserted on darker spots ; the darker portion of
mesonotum as discreet setae and scales. Scutellum darker in the middle, the marginal setae light, a few golden scales. Postnotum blackish brown with a discreet
longitudinal groove. Pleura brown with areas where the integument is darker.
Abdomen brown, darker apically ; covered with golden hairs ; cerci with
yellowish integument and hairs.
Legs : Coxae and trochanteres yellowish, base of femora dark ; the rest
dark except for the femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal joints which are whitish.
Wing (fig. 66) with slender scales, the markings variable (see Aitken, 1945).
Haltere with whitish stem, the knob blackish.
Fig.
96.
Anopheles
Wing.
(Anopheles)
Male apex
pseudopunetipennis
Theobald,
pseudopunetipennis
1901.
Original.
of the Anophelini
to be
are intended
we do
shown.
not
SllOW
the
shape
of
scales.
as wide. Internal spine prominent, slightly distad of the middle. Two stout basal
spines present, the inner with curved tip. Clasper longer than the side piece, somewhat constricted in the middle. Each claspet,te bilobed, the ventral lobe domeshaped with two long, stout, apical setae and a minute seta near them ; dorsal
lobe narrowly elongate, bearing three closely appressed spines. Mesosome short
with two to four pairs of deeply serrate leaflets. Ninth tergite narrow with low
conical processes.
Aitken (1945) discusses in detail the presence and number as well as the development of the mesosomal leaflets.
162
---
ANOPHELINI
--
..--
____-__
---_-I_
__ __
Pupn (fig. 98) Integument, unicolorous. Tube broad, covered with short
pilosity. Cephalothoracic hairs small. Abdomen (chaetotaxy not complete) hair A
from segments III to VIII
spinelike and progressively longer. Paddle distorted,
serrate on outer margin.
JGa.
97.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
pseudopunctipennis
pscudopunetipennin
Male genitalia.
(Based on Matheson, 1944,
North America, fig. 6).
Fig. 98. -
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
pseudopunctipennis
(Based on Aitken,
Pupa.
Western America, fig. 26).
1945,
Handbook
Theobald, 1901.
of the Mosquitose of
Theobald, 1901.
Anopheline Complex of
pseudopunctipennis
Studies
on the
Larva -- (fig. 99) Head : Hairs 2 and-3 long and simple. Clypeal index 2.
Hair 4 long and simple. Hair 8 long with a-few branches ; 9 as 8. Antenna with
11 short and inserted below the middle.
Prothorax with hair 1 inserted on a separate sclerite, simple at base, forked
at apex, 2 long, branched and on the sarne sclerite as 3 which is simple.
Abdomen with tuft 1 absent on segments I-II but present on the rest, the
elements serrate on margins and about 20 on each tuft ; 2 long and simple on
; 7 similar to 6 but
segments IV-V ; hair 6 long and feathered on segments I-III
present on segments I-II ; respiratory apparatus with the tips of the posterior
plates produced into long, dark sclerotized tails which end in a small seta ; these
tails are bent upward at right angles to the plates and project through the water
surface.
Egg - (fig. 100) Suffers considerable variation.
Can or not have a collar ;
floats vary much both as to nurnber and as to position of divisions.
Type Grenada
(B. W. I.). Type lost ?
Dislribution For the interesting distribution of this important malaria
vector consult Shannon, Davis and Del Ponttb (1927) and the papers of Kumm and
Kemp. It occurs from Mexico to Argentina
and is also found in the Antilles.
Note We agree with Matheson (1944) in considering R. franciscanus as
a distinct species and not a subspecies of 8. pseudopunctipennis.
Fig.
99.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
pseudopunctipennis
Larva.
Clypeal
hairs
the Caribbean
Region,
Fig.
100.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
(Based
Egg.
America,
fig.
on
31).
pseudopunctipennis
and prothoracic
hairs.
figs. 61 and 62).
pseudopunetipennis
Aitken,
1945,
(Bawd
on
pseudopnnctipennis
Studies
on
th(a
An.
Theobald,
Komp,
1942,
1901.
An. of
Theobald,
1901.
complex
of Western
Aitken (1945) makes the following reference about A. pseudopunctipennis : NO description of the egg, larval and pupal stages, or of the male terminalia of
A. pseudopunctipennis have been made from the type locality.
Levi-Cast,illo (1944-1945)described two subspecies (rivadeneirai and levicastilloi). We believe that there is quite a probability that his subspecies rivadeneirai is A. peruvianus Tamayo, 1927 while levi-castilloi is the typical form. The
work on subspecies of A. pseudopunctipennis will be subject to error up to the time
when the cycle of this species is described in detail from the t,ype locality.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
parapunctipennis
Martini,
1932
Anopheles
1935
Martini,
1939
Dampf,
An.
1941
Komp,
Sm.
1943 Russell
Martini,
Dep.
Est.
Nat.
Keys
& al.,
1949
Lane
1950
Vargas
(in Boyd),
syn.
1936
Anopheles
1939
Kumm
Mex.
Pub.,
Biol.,
90.
of the
Trop.
Med.,
Est.
chiriquiensis
ilm.
Tax.
23.
279.
An.
hlalariology
& Ruiz,
1 :
Sci.,
J.
1932
12 : 99.
Mexico,
to the
-4m.
& Palacios,
Biol.,
Mos.
Ci.
As. Bdv.
& al.,
1949 Castellanos
Rev.
Sal.
parapunctipennis
World,
29
33, 34.
34.
406.
,4n.
Mexico,
80.
Komp,
Proc.
Ent.
J. Trop.
Med.,
19
Sot.
Wash.,
38
156.
& al., id., 20
410.
Female - Palpus with segment II blackish, with erect scales ; III with white
scales at base and apex ; white at ends and black in the middle ; V white.
Legs : Coxae yellowish ; trochanters yellowish, this color extending to the
base of mid and hind femora.
164
ANOPHELINI
Fig.
Fig.
101.
102.
parapunctipennis
(Anopheles)
Anopheles
Wing.
(Based
on Vargas
& Palacios,
fig. 29).
(Anopheles)
parapunctipennis
Anopheles
Mesosome
and lobes of
Male
genitalia.
parapunctipennis
1950,
Est.
Tax.
Martini,
Xos.
An.
parapnnctipennis
Original.
claspette.
Martini,
1932.
MBxico,
1932.
A N
165
0 P H E L I N I
Genitalia : (fig. 102) Dististyle as long as basistyle with ten to twelve evenly
spaced spicules on ventral surface from base to apex. Claw subterminal. Basistyle
with thick, pointed internal seta on distal fourth and two rarabasal setae, one of
them shorter and pointed, the other longer and with curved apex ; claspettes with
internal1 lobe pilose, conical, setose internally and with a thick seta ; the external
lobe cone shaped and with two appressed, thick, blunt setae and an additional seta
curved outwards besides a smaller one which may be absent. Mesosome high,
slender and bearing apically two leaves on each side, the distal one large, foliaceous
and serrate on margins distally, the other short, slender and point,ed.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 103) Head with darker integumental markings. Hairs 2 and 3
simple, smooth, long, 2 longer than 3. Clypeal index 5,8. Hair 4 similar to 3 ;
hairs 5, 6 and 7 strong and feathered ; 8 simple and long ; 9 simple at base, divided
into four branches at apex ; 13 small and divided. Antenna sparsely spiculose ;
hair 11 at basal third and divided in four branches ; 10 feathered ; sabers with
the same shape, one of them smaller than the other.
Fig.
103.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
Larva.
Clypeal
Palacios,
1950,
parapunctipennis
hairs
of head
and
Est. Tax.
Mos. An.
parapunctipennis
prothoraaio
hairs.
(Based
M&xico,
fig. 32 C. & D.).
Martini,
1932.
on Vargas
&
Thorax : From Vargas & Palacios (1950) : - Hair 1 half to three quarters
the size of 2 ; with nine to fourteen lateral branches ; 2 large and branched ; 3
slender, small and simple.
Abdomen : Hairs 6 and 7 strong and feathered on segments I and II. Hair 6
simple and feathered in III ; simple or divided in two branches in IV and simple
166
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
parapunctipennis
guatemalensis
De Leon, 1938.
1938
A nopheles
1943
Russell
gualenLalensis
c/;iriquienti
et al.,
to the An.
Keys
De
Leon,
&nit.
Bol.
nf the World,
Guatemala,
416.
34.
Female -- Differs from ,I. pumpunctipennis pnrapunctipennis by the characters given in the keys.
Male - Similar to A. pampunctipennis parapunctipennis.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva Similar to A. parapunctipennis parapunctipennis.
Cumbre de1 Aire. Type in Entomoteca de
Type locality Guatemala,
Sanidad PGblica de Guatemala.
Distribution -- Guatemala.
Anopheles
1931
Anopheles
1933
De
1935
Martini,
1936
Mira,
Mira,
Leon,
Bol.
Bol.
Riv.
Leon,
San.
Tee.,
Mal.,
1938
De
1939
Dampf,
An.
1940
Vargas,
Ciencia,
Gac.
Bol.
Bol.
Med.
(Anopheles)
Dir.
Ceral
Guatemala,
Ser.
Sal.
4
_A., Ent.
hectoris
Guatemala,
&Era, 1931
606.
802.
Med.
Par.,
I : 21.
54.
San.
Est.
Guatemala,
Nnc.
Cien.
: 55;
Mexico,
81 :
1
1941 Komp,
Am.
1942 Vargas
& Palacios,
As. Adv.
1943
Russell
& al.,
1950
Vargas
& Palacios,
Keys
1949
Lane
(in Boyd),
syn.
1932
Anophelee
107
88
Ins.
Tax.
Malariology,
cricillium
279.
Rev.
;
1941 Rozeboom,
Sal.
to the Au.
Est.
1 :
1940 Vargas,
Sci.,
Rev.
9 : 405.
Biol.,
y Enf.
of the
10s Mos.
1
Martini,
Trop.,
World,
An.
id.,
3
106.
177.
32.
de Mexico,
76.
406.
Rev.
Mex.
Biol.,
12 : 99.
Per&e - Head : Proboscis slightly shorter than the length of fore femur,
blackish ; labellum slightly lighter. Palpus blackish ; segment II with erect scales
and a small ring of white ones on articulation with III and that of III and IV ;
segments IV and V white, a ring at joint and a small apical spot on V. Antenna
with dark brown torus, with white scales on top ; flagellum two thirds the length
of proboscis, the first segments with white scales. Occiput, with blackish forked
scales, anteriorly with white ones ; forked scales also intermixed with very long,
slender proclinate scales at vertex ; sctae at vertex yellowish ; oculars blackish.
Thoras : Pronotal lobe dark brown scales and setae of this color. Mesonotum
dark brown except for a broad longitudinal whitish pruinose band, broader posteriorly, slightly before the middle and covered with narrow white scales ; dark
scales on the sides of the anterior tuft which is also formed by white ones. Scutellum whitish, pruinose, with a central dark spot, the marginal setae yellowish,
a few white scales over the rest. Postnotum light brown, the longitudinal incision
dark brown. Pleura brown with lighter areas.
Legs blackish except the coxae, trochanters and base of femora. Femora and
femoro tibia1 joints and tibio tarsal ones also with small irregular white stripes.
Tarsi with small rings on two basal segments.
Fig. 10.~. -
Anophdes
(Anopheles)
hectoria
Edira, 1931.
Wing.
Original.
Abdomen light brown, the apes darker, covered with yellowish pilosity ;
cerci vellowish and with short hair of this color.
&tale - Similar to female.? Palpus blackish except joint of segment II and
III and the two last ones which have large patches of white scales ; these segments
have also long yellow hairs. Antenna plumose, the hairs dense and golden.
Genitalia : (fig. 105). Basistyle twice as long as basal width ; two parabasal
setae inserted on discreet tubercles, they are long, slender and pointed. Dististyle
longer than basistyle, curved. Claw subapical, the point blunt.. Claspettes with
inner lobe conical, with two long, slender setae at apex ; outer lobe nude, ending
in three curved, broad, appressed, pointed and modified setae. Mesosome conical,
elongate ; three terminal leaflets on each side ; they are long, slender, the median
one being the longest. Anal lobe large, nearly hyaline.
Pupa ~- IJnknown.
Fig.
Kg.
105.
Fig. 106. -
105.
Fig.
106.
Mira, 1931.
?&ale genitalia.
Mesosorne and
lobes of claspette. (Based, on Vargas & Palacios, 1950, Est. Tax. MOP.. An.
MBxico,fig. 27 B. and C).
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
hectori&
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
hectoris
Mira, 1931.
Laws.
Clypeal hairs of head
and prothoracic hairs.
(Based on Vargas & Palscios, 1950, Est. Tax. Xo8.
Xkico,
fig. 28 _\. and B.).
168
ANOPHELINI
Larva (fig. 106). Characters from Vargas & Palacios (1950) : - Head :
Hairs 2 divergent, long ; 3 half the size of 2, both simple. Clypeal index, 8. Hair
4 simple and short. Hairs 8 and 9 strongly branched laterally. Antenna with sparse
spines, some of them very long ; sabers pointed, dark ; terminal hair simple, thick ;
hair 11 inserted on basal quarter and with four to seven branches.
Thorax : Prothoracic hair 1 inserted on a separate sclerite, long and laterally
branched ; 2 quite longer than 1 and also laterally branched ; 3 simple and inserted
on same sclerite as 2.
Abdomen : Hair 0 small and simple. Tuft 1 present on segments III-VII,
the leaflets broad, slightly sclerotized, serrate on distal margins ; on first segments
the leaflets are filiform. Hair 6 on segments IV-VI with numerous lateral branches.
Respiratory apparatus normal. Pecten large with twenty to twenty seven branches
of several sizes, five or six of them large. Lateral hair of anal segment simple and
inserted far from margin.
Egg Characters from Vargas & Palacios (1950) : - Floats dorsal and
united over whole length or leaving only a narrow space between them. Collar
present, its height, at least, 10% that of length of egg ; exochorion with hexagonal
pattern over its whole surface ; each float with 26 divisions.
Type locality Guatemala,
City of Guatemala.
Types Dep. Sanidad
Guatemala ?
Distribution Guatemala
and Mexico.
Anopheles
1902
Anopheks
1917
Howard,
1923
Root,
Coquillett,
Dyar
Am.
1923 Bonne
& Knab,
J. Hyg.,
Mon.,
Coquillett,
eiseni
Sot.,
192
11
10
1906 Dyar
& Knab,
1902
id.,
14
177.
1002.
274.
& Bonne-Wepster,
Sur.,
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
127
1925
Bonne
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
507.
1927
Root,
Am.
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
1938
Gabaldon,
1938
Kumm
J. Hyg.,
Am.,
602.
447.
Pub.
Div.
Mal.,
& Novis,
Am.
J. Hyg.,
1940 Kumm
1940 Ramos
1941
(Anopheles)
J. N. Y. Ent.
Kumm
Caracas,
& Unti,
Pub.
Serv.
& Ram,
Am.
J.
1941
Correa,
Ar.
1941
Komp,
Am.
Hig.
As. Adv.
1942
Komp,
Nat.
Ins.
Hlth.,
1942
Galvgo
& al.,
Ar.
Vargas,
Rev.
Ins.
1943
Galvis,
Rev.
1943
Downs
& al., J.
1943
Russell
& al.,
Keys
1944 Causey
& al.,
Am.
1944
Correa
& Ramos,
1946
Cova-Garcia,
1947
Deane
1947
Floch
& Abonnenc,
1947
Coutinho,
1949
Castellanos
1950
Kuyp,
Hig.,
1950
Vargas
1949
Lane
syn.
1920
Fat.
Med.,
Ar.
Hig.
Conf.
Serv.
Ver.
Indisch
& Palacios,
(in Boyd),
Anopheles
Est.
Sau.
niueopalpis
185.
16.
Inst.,
32.
133.
Pub.,
300,
144
323,
3.
53.
Med.,
89
Mos.
1
Pub.,
Guyane,
Thesis,
Tax.
104.
2.
Pan.,
Trop.
Malariology,
id.,
139.
of the World,
Pasteur
J.
12
& Sau.
S. Paulo,
7.
: 29.
39
Esp.
Ins.
Am.
Ludlow,
29
34.
61 et seq.
An.
de Mexico,
71.
406.
Psyche,
26
166.
342,
J. Trop.
Sal. Pub.
560.
51, 91,
Trop.,
San.
Mem.
56.
to the An.
J. Hyg.,
14
& Ruiz,
& Soto,
25.
Bogota,
Sot.,
1939 Kumm
1941 Rozeboom,
179
y Enf.
Nat.
Univ.
12
Sal.
XII
Kon.
Bul.
21
90
: 197.
Mal.,
Med.,
Pub.,
Sci.,
503
1940 Kumm
Prof.
Trop.
& Sau.
1942
410
27
362.
Med.,
y Prot.
19
Sot.,
:
22.
438;
169
ANOPHELINI
Fig.
107.
Anopheles
iAnopheles)
eiseni
Coquillett,
1902.
Leg.
Original.
Wing (fig. 108) covered with narrow scales, broader at apex, also some white
ones ; there are scales of two colors, the dark brown ones are in the costal region
and the forks of the 2nd., 4th. and base of 3rd. veins, the others are of light brown
color and distributed over the rest except apex and 1st. vein where there are the
spots of yellowish scales. Haltere with whitish stem and blackish knob.
Fig.
108.
Anophdes
(Anopheles)
eiseni
Coquillett,
1902.
Wing.
Original.
_I
I.70
___-__
--
Fig.
109.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
Fir.
1 1U
Anopheles
?;
II
.___ ---_---
(Anopheleu)
E L I N I
. _ _- -.-- --
eiseni
Coquillett, 1902.
Male genitalia.
Mesos?me
(Based on Komp, 1942, An. of the Cnribhean Region,
eiseni
(Based
prothoracic hairs.
Region, figs. 59 and SO).
Coquillett, 1902.
Larva. C&Peal hairs and
on Kemp, 1942, Anophelines of the Caribbean
-4
II
171
external and two internal ones ; the externals shorter, flattened and curved apitally ; the internals conical and longer than the externals, strongly pilose at apex
and generally with a single slender pointed seta. Anal lobe membranous and densely covered with spicu1osit.y which nearly reaches the apes. Paraprocts not devcloped, basally spiculose. Nmth tergite as a narrow ring.
Pupa - Correa (1941) : - Trompetas corn rebardos lisos ; espinhos postcrolaterais curtos e grossos. Nadadeiras corn espinhos no &pice.
Larva (fig. 110). Clypeal hairs 2 verv close together, long, smooth ; 3
inserted more posteriorly, slender, nude and half as long as internals ; 4 in a more
central position, relatively long and smooth. No antenna1 setae. Hairs 8, 9 and
13 branched.
Thorax : Pfothoracic hair 1 filamentous, not inserted in same sclerite as 2
and 3. Posteriorly and laterally there are palmate thoracic tufts like the abdominal
ones.
,4bdomen : Tufts 1 present on segments II-VII,
the hairs grooved apically.
Hairs 6 and 7 of segments IV and V with brancheq, that of VI simple and shorter.
Bgg - (fig. 110 a) Galvgo (1942) : - Comprimento 620 micra. Maior largura
200 micra. Xtimcro de gomos dos flutuadores 24 a 31. 0 ovo ostenta na parte mais
dorsal e media, uma abertura de 20 micra de largllra em t6da a sua extensgo longitudinal, sendo que as extremidades ngo se diferenciam em rebbrdos. 0 exocGrion
existente entre a abertura e OS flutuadores possuc car cinzenta e ostenta configura@es losangulares. Esses flutuadores s50 em ntimero de dois, divididos em 24
a 31 gomos e se inserem na parte mais mediana e lateral do ovo, possuindo uma
As duas partes distais quasi atingem as ext,remidades
c6r de tonalidade cinza-p&la.
livres do ovo, caracter que OS diferencia dos de punctimacula (tipo A) 110s quais
aquelas permanecem muito ayuem. 0 exoc6rion da part,e ventral mostra granula@es muito finas, assemelhando-se a urn pontilhado.
Type Zocality Guatemala,
Aguna. Type in U. S. K. M.
Iksfribution From Mexico
to Brasil
and Equador.
Anopheles
1938
.4noplteles
1942
Vargas,
194-
Galindo,
1950
Vargas
Leon,
Rev.
(Anopheles)
Bol.
Ins.
Pan-Jacific
& Ialacios,
Dir.
Sal.
Gen.
y Enf.
Ent.,
Est.
San.
hop,
23 (1)
Tax.
Mos.
Leon, 1938.
xelajuensis
Pub.,
Guatemala,
: 169;
1943
Vargas.
411.
id.,
37.
44.
An.
Mexico,
116.
AN
172
Fig.
0 P H
E L I
N I
111.
Fig.
Fig.
111.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
some and claspettes.
fig. 51 C. and D.).
Fig.
112.
Anopheles
protroracic
112.
xelajuensis
De LBon,
1938.
(Based
on Vargas
& Palacios,
(Anopheles)
xelajuensis
hairs.
Original.
.De
LCon,
1938.
Male
1950,
genitalia.
Mos. -4n.
Larva.
MesoMQxico.
Clypeal
and
Espina interna muy larga, un poco encorvada hacia su vkrtice. Lobos de1 harpago
Lobo externo alto, chnico, dando incersi6n a cinco filamentos estrechamente
unidos, que por su proximidad dan apariencia de dos hojas talladas en punta de
navaja. Lobo interno m6s corto, portanto dos espinas dispuestas de dentro hacia
fuera sucesivamente por orden de longitud. Mesosoma cilindrico, con ancha escotadura en su base y v&tice ostentando dos foliolas, una de ellas mayor que la otra,
con borde serrado. LDbo anal alto, cbnico, cubierto de fina pubescencia.
Pupa Unicolorous. Tube long and slender. Cephalothorax with short
hairs.
Abdomen with hair B one third the length of segment in II-V (in IV one third
the length of segment), in VI half as long as segment and in VII nearly the length
of segment. Hair A progressively longer and present on segments III-VIII.
Paddle
more than twice the length of segment VIII,
the terminal spicule developed.
Larva - (fig. 112). Head elongate. Hair 1 simple and curved. Hairs 2 and
3 simple, 2 long, slender, 3 short, broad and blunt. Clypeal index 2,2. Hair 2~simple
and slender ; 7 simple and slender as well as 8 ; 13 double and slender ; 14 simple
and slender. Antenna short, smooth, hair 11 simple, small and inserted in the
middle ; hair 10 long and simple. Outer saber short and blunt, inner long and
pointed.
Body with the hairs in spiny bunches resembling species of Sabethini. Prothorax with hairs 1 and 2 in spiny bunches, 3 feathered. Hair 6 very long, simple
and feathered in segments I-VI.
Dorsal plate of anal segment strongly hairy, the
saddle hair double long. Pecten with long scales and a few short ones.
Type locality Guatemala,
Quezaltenango, Cerro Quemado. Type in
Entomotkca de Sanidad Pfiblica de Guatemala.
Distribution Guatemala
: Mexico, Oaxaca : Panama.
Anopheles
1906
Anopheles
1917
Howard,
1918
Dyar,
1925
Bonne
Dyar
Dyar
Ins.
Ins.
(AnopheIes)
& Knab,
& Knab,
Mens.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Proc.
Biol.
Mon.,
12
Sot.
4 : 989.
171.
Mos.
Sur.,
vestitipennis
529.
Wash.,
19
136.
173
ANOPHELINI
1926
Johnson,
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
Am.
& Aris,
J. Trop.
Am.,
1929
Boyd
1942
Komp,
Nat.
1943
Russell
& al.,
1947
Paul
1949
Castellanos
1949
Lane
1950
Vargas
Am.
Ins.
J.
Trop.
Hlth.,
Keys
& Bellerive,
153.
Nat.
Am.
Med.,
Bul.
to the
J.
& al.,
(in Boyd),
Med.,
458.
An.
& Palacios,
Est.
Mal.
Tax.
40, 44,
53,
of the World,
Sot.,
J. Trop.
Malariology,
11 : 295.
179
Med.,
Mos.
63.
29
97,
34,
142.
50.
34.
407.
An.
Mexico,
96.
Female Proboscis longer than fore femur, covered with blackish scales.
Palpus slightly shorter than proboscis, with blackish scales except at joints where
there are sparse yellowish ones. Occiput with forked blackish scales except at
vertex where there are proclinate yellowish ones and broad white ones on ocular
margin.
Thorax with blackish integument. Pronotal lobe with erect blackish scales.
Mesonotum reddish, mottled with indistinct marks on sides of prescutellar area ;
with yellowish scales on anterior promontory and over the roots of wing. Scutellum
yellowish scaled. Postnotum nude, brownish. Pleura mottled and with transversal white bands.
Fig.
11X.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
on Vargas
& Palacios,
vestitipennis
1950,
Est.
Wing.
Dyar
& Knab,
1906.
Tax.
310s. An. Mexico,
fig. 38 A).
(Based
Wing (fig. 113) mostly dark scaled. Costa with five small spots of yellowish
scales, the basal one divided ; 1st. vein with a yellowish basal spot and scattered
scales of this color besides two yellow apical spots in continuation to the apical
ones of the costal vein ; 2nd. vein with a few yellowish scales at base of fork ;
upper fork with a small mesial spot ; 3rd. vein with yellow spots alternating with
the black ones, five in number ; 4th. vein with four small, yellow spots on stem,
two on upper branch and one on the lower ; 5th. vein with two spots on stem,
one on base of upper and another in the middle of lower branch ; 6th. vein with
five small yellowish spots. Haltere with white stem and blackish knob.
Legs mottled with yellowish spots which are variable.
Front femur with
eight ; mid one with six and hind one with seven external spots. Front tibia with
eleven, mid with seven and hind one with six spots. Tarsus I of foreleg with five
white spots, II and III white at base and apex, IV and V blackish. Mid tarsus I
with five small white spots. Hind tarsus I with five white spots, II and III with
two spots in the middle and apex ; IV white at base and apex ; V blackish.
Abdomen blackish with brownish hairs and no scales.
Male - Antenna plumose, three fourths the length of proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 114). Kemp (1942) : - Sidepiece short, thick, very slightly
tapered toward t,ip, with scales and setae on outer portion. Two parabasal spines
present ; the more dorsal long, slender, tapering, with curved tip. The other spine
shorter, thicker with curved tapering tip. Internal spine on ventral aspect about
two-t,hirds distance from base to tip of sidepiece, very long, slender, tapering, with
curved tip. Clasper slightly longer than sidepiece ; the base nearly straight, apex
abruptly curved and slightly widened, with a small blunt terminal spine. Mesosome
with two leaflets. Shaft long, incompletjely tubular, slightly widened at base, the
lateral arms very long and divaricate.
Leaflets very long, nearly three-quarters
the length of shaft ; slender somewhat widened at middle, with sharp pointed
tips. Claspette lobes with dorsal lobe high, conical, bearing at its tip two or three
closely appressed spines with slightly clubbed tips. Ventral lobe rounded, setose,
with a long stout apical hair, and one or two smaller accesory hairs. Ninth tergite
sclerotized, bandlike, with long projecting lateral processes. Anal lobe high, conical,
setose to tip ; hhe paraprocts poorly developed.
Fig. 114. -
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
vestitipennis
Dyar & Knab, 1906.
Mesosome and lobes of claspette.
(Based on Komp, 1942,
ribbean Region, Figs. 116 and 117).
Male genitalia.
An. of the Ca-
Pupa - (fig. 115). Tube quadrate, divided in two portions, one of them with
an anterior flap. Cephalothorax with short hairs.
Abdomen (last five segments only) with segments spiculose on hind margin,
unicolorous. Hairs B, B. 1 and C small and discreet, never more than half the length
of segment ; A on IV-VII
and feathered on VIII.
Paddle one and one third the
length of segment VIII,
serrate on out,er margin, pilose at apex ; terminal hair
short and bifid.
175
-__
ANOPHELISI
Fig.
Fig.
115.
115.
Fig.
( Anopheles)
Anopheles
Dyar
vestitipennis
&
Knah,
116.
1906.
Tub
of
pups.
Original.
Fig.
116.
Anopheles
head hairs
(Anopheles)
vestitipennis
Dyar
&
and prothoracic
hairs.
(Prothoracic
Knab,
hairs
Clyped
Larva.
1906.
based
on
Komp,
1942).
Prothoracic hair 1 small and feathered, 2 long and feathered, 3 short and
simpie.
Abdomen : Hairs 6 and 7 on segments I and II as usual, only 6 on III, a
little shorter, 6 on IV and V divided in two or three branches ; palmate tufts on
I and II discreet, on III to VI large and developed.
Egg - Illustrated by Kumm (1841).
Type locality Guatemala.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Mexico to Cen tral America : Colombia and Cuba : Puerto
Rico: Jamaica and Dominica.
Anopheles
1906
Myzomyia
Neiva,
1908
Peryassb,
OS Cul.
(Anopheles)
Brazil
1926
Prado,
An.
1941
GalvHo
& Barretto,
1942
Coutinho
1947 Coutinho,
1949
Lane
(In
Paul.
Med.,
Univ.
Boyd),
An.
288.
Hyg.,
11
20
1906).
101.
12
Rev.
& Farias,
Med.,
Brazil,
(Neiva,
tibiamaculatus
3.
Biol.
AC. Bras.
S. Paula,
Malario!ogy,
Fat.
Sci.,
Med.
1
14
67
1941 Galviio,
Ar.
Zool.
S. Paula,
569.
343.
(Thesis),
55.
404.
176
ANOPHELINI
torus light brown ; flagellum with the first segment a little thicker than others
and dorsally covered with long, broad white scales ; II with basal verticil, with
short pilosity and smaller than I ; other segments subequal and as long as II.
Occiput with long, slender, proclinate tuft of scales at vertex and erect, broad and
forked ones behind ; ocular margin with blackish setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish with an upper tuft and two lower setae.
Mesonotum with integument white pruinose in the midde, the sides blackish ;
covered with sparse white scales and narrow, curved white scales anteriorly ;
acrostichal and dorsocentral setae short, longer ones on the sides and over roots of
wing. Scutellum dark in the middle, in continuation to the median band, on the
sides light brown with two rows of marginal setae. Postnotum blackish.
Wing with narrow scales as in fig. 117. Squamula with complete fringe.
Fig.
117. -
An~pheles
(Anopheles)
tibiamaculatus
(Neiva,
1906).
Wing.
(Courtesy of
Dr. A. L. A. GaMo).
Legs : Coxae yellowish. Femora and tibiae as well as tarsi blackish except
on the articulations which are lighter. Hind tibia (fig. 118) with an extensive white
spot which does not form a ring.
Fig. 118. -
Anopheles
( Anopheles)
tibiamaculatus
(Neiva,
1906).
Leg. Original.
-4bdomen with blackish tergites except at base where they are brown and
sparsely covered with hairs ; sternites with the same color and covering as tergites.
Male - Coutinho & Farias (1942) : - Apresenta OS caracteres de colora@o
das femeas. Trompa muito longa e delgada, Spice mais claro. Palpos negros - 3.0
segment0 negro corn anel branco apical incomplete ; 4.0 segment0 branco corn
anel negro na base. Antena muito plumosa.
Terminalia muito pequena e muito tipica. Pega lateral curta, conica,
comprimento 6 mais ou menos 2 vezes a largura. Algumas escamas no b&do lateral
e numerosos ~610s nas faces dorsal e ventral. Espinhos basais em nfimero de dois,
sendo o externo mais longo, ambos implantados em tuberculos individuais, pouco
pronunciados. Espinho interno longo, mais muito fino confundindo-se quase corn
OS espinhos caducos. Nono tergito bem desenvolvido, formado por duas placas
quitinosas muito tipicas, repousando sobre as peGas laterais, separados em dois
elementos, urn de cada lado. Pinceta - Lobo ventral formado por urn tuberculo
saliente tendo no &pice urn par de foliolos, 1 achatado e terminando em spice
arredondado e outro tambern achatado e de Spice afilado. Lobos dorsais muito
177
ANOPHELINI
baixos, formados por tuberculo discreto terminados por urn espinho no hpice,
&tes lobos s&o dificeis da vi&o, s6 se tendo uma idea perfeita dissecando a peqa
lateral, a qua1 est6 acolado. Lobo anal alto, membranoso, hialino, corn numerosas
estrias e glabro. Mesosoma muito tipico, (fig. 119) formado de duas hastes laterais
quitinosas ligadas por urn septo transparente. 0 t&co apical B dilatado e quitinoso.
A metade basal 6 formada pelas hastes do mesosoma dando de cada lado uma
espansgo larga, transparente de onde partem, de cada lado, urn apendice digitiforme
em forma de espinho, parecendo 1 par de foliolos dirigidos para o Spice do mes6soma
e meio divergente. 536 dissecando a peGa 6 que se tern uma id&a perfeita da forma
do mes6soma. PinGas longas e fortes, seu tamanho 6 mais ou menos igual B peqa
lateral.
Fig.
Fig.
119.
Fig.
119.
Anopheles
some.
Fig.
121
(Anopheles)
(Based
Anopheles
on
(Anopheles)
and lobes
Region,
Anopheles
Anophdes
1906
Dyar
1917
Howard,
I922
Root,
1925
Bonne
Am.
1926
Hoffman,
1928
Dyar,
J.
Boyd
& Aris,
Pto.
Komp,
Carr
1942
Komp,
Y.
Ent.
Sot.,
4:
Theobald, 1901.
grabhami
14
176.
1006.
Sur.,
id.,
274
1924 Root,
id.,
pl. 4.
517.
377.
J. Trop.
J. Pub.
Med.,
Hlth.
& Trop.
Med.,
id.,
11 : 295.
228.
Am.
As. Adv.
& Melendez,
Nat.
& Hill,
Sci.,
90
1941
Am.
J. Trop.
Med.,
Inst.
Hlth.
Bul.
Am.
J.
1942
Carr
i$42
Russell
1947
Paul
& Bellerive,
1949
Lane
(in Boyd),
& al.,
Mesosome
Caribbean
205.
1923 Root,
Mos.
6
1901.
Male
genitalia.
1942,
Anophelines
of the
457.
Am.
Rico
Mon.,
2 : 396 ;
J. Hyg.,
Am.,
Earle,
1941
Hyg.,
Am.
Mos.
1929
1942
N.
& Knab,
Theobald,
on Komp,
Male
genitalia.
MesoBras.
Ci., 14:
346).
Unknown.
State of Minas Gerais, Oliveira. Type in I. 0. C.
State of Minas Gerais, S. Paulo, Goi6z and Mato
Cul.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
1932
28:
Mon.
J.
Dyar
(Based
and 115).
(Anopheles)
Theobald,
& Knab,
& Farias,
grabhami
of clasp&e.
figs. 114,
1901
Neiva,
1906.
1942,
An. AC.
tibiamaculatus
Coutinho
121.
Keys
J.
Trop.
to the
Nat.
Mariology,
179
Med.,
An.
52, 96,
141.
22 : 599.
Sot.,
406.
id.,
104.
22 : 59 ; 1942 Carr
of the World,
Mal.
1
Rozeboom,
62.
32.
22
70.
Pto.
Rico
Female - Proboscis dark brown and as long as fore femur. Palpus nearly ati-*.
long as proboscis, dark brown ; segment II with erect scales. Antenna with blackish torus ; flagellum three fourths the length of proboscis and very sparsely
pilose. Occiput with forked, dark brown scales except above and on vertex where+
they are white and forked, mixed with others that are long and slender ; vdrtes
with white setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, with dark brown setae and an upper
tuft of broad brown scales. Mesonotum light brown, whitish pruinose, with three
dark spots, one on each side and tho othpr on prescutellar region ; peppered with
small dots which correspond to bhe insertions of setac ; acrostichal and dorsocentral as well as supralar setae whitish, there are slender, curved scales of this co101
chiefly over root of wing and on a tuft on anterior promontory which is bordered
with dark brown scales. Sctiellum brown, pruinose, with a dark spot in the center,
the marginal setae and scales pale. Postontum dark brown in the middle and
pruinose on the sides. Pleura with darker spots.
Legs : Femora and tibiae peppered with small spots,. femoro tibia1 and tibia
tarsal joints lighter. Tarsi with small white rings on all Jomts.
Wing with broad scales predominating on costal region (fig. 120). Scales
bunched on the forks. Haltere with whitish stem and blackish knob.
Fip. 120. -
AnopheIrs
(Anopheles)
grabhami
Theobald.
1901.
Wing.
Originnl.
.1S
Fig.
122.
F, I, I N
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
grabhami
(Based
on
prothoracic
hairs.
Region,
figs. 63 and 64).
179
-
Theobald,
1901.
Larva.
Komp,
1942,
Anophrlines
Clypeal
of the
hairs
and
Caribbean
St.
Thomas
1878
dnoplteles
Virgin
Anopheles
Panama.
(Anopheles)
Arribalziiga,
1883 _4lribalzAga,
2
Islands
El Nat.
Cat.
Dipt.
Roll.
ArribalztLga, 1878.
annulipalpis
A4rg., 1
La
Ilat:c,
1891 Arribnlz6ga,
Rev.
Cien.,
Muc.
114
T>n 1lnt:t
137.
1901
Theobald,
1912
Breth&,
Xlon.
1915
Neiva.
1916
Bretlk,
1919
Prtrocchi,
Rev.
1927
Shannon
& Del
1928
Dgar,
Bol.
La
Sern.
Au.
Alo*.
1939 _4lvarado
Russell
1943
Rlullin-Diaz,
1949
Lank
Med.,
48
B. A.,
Bart.
1910
Veg.,
B. A.,
Ponte,
B. A.,
Ins.
bol.
Biol.,
Theobald,
1
id.,
84.
: 13.
: 1.
2 :
Rev.
299.
299
Bact.
H.
1983 letrowh1,
-4.. 3
id..
: 10.
17.
4%.
Ionte,
Keys
Com.
(in Boy-d),
211
J Pat.
Nat.
Ins.
Am.,
& al.,
Ent.
Mus.
& Del
1943
Cut.,
Ins.
388.
Mus.
Malariology.
N.
H..
406.
43.
Alontevidbo,
1.
180
ANOPHELIN.1
verticils formed by a few short hairs, the first seven segments with sparse white
scales. Occiput brown, lighter on margins and darker in the middle and in front,
insertions of scales leaving darker spots ; covered with light brown scales, darker
below and whitish near vertex ; tuft of vertex formed by white slender, proclinate
setae and scales ; ocular setae blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown, darker above. Mesonotum with pruinose
areas and darker stripes corresponding to the insertions of acrostichal and dorsocentral setae which are small and brown ; there are also numerous smaller dots ;
covering of narrow, golden scales, elongate whitish scales in front and over root of
wing. Scutellum light brown except in the middle and sides where it is dark brown,
the dots dark brown ; covered with filiform golden setae and scales. Postnotum
with darker integument in the middle.
Legs (fig. 123) dark, peppered with white spots. Fore pair ; femur and tibia
yellowish internally, externally with dark scales and numerous white spots ; tarsus
I with seven white spots, II to IV with apical white rings, V dark. Mid pair :
femur and tibia as in fore pair ; tarsus I with a variable number of rings, II and
III with apical white rings, IV and V dark. Hind pair : Femur, tibia and tarsus I
as in mid pair, II and III with white spots and end also covered with white scales,
last two segments white.
Fig.
123.
Anopheles
(Anophelcs)
annulipalpis
Arribtdzaga,
1878.
Leg.
Original.
Wing with narrow scales, the light ones cream colored (fig. 124). Haltere
with stem except apex white ; apex of stem and knob black.
Abdomen dark brown, sparsely covered with galden hairs ; cerci with sparse
blackish scales and a few golden ones on lower portion.
Male and pupa - Unknown.
Larva - Characters from Alvarado & Del Ponte (1939) : - Head : Hairs 2
close together, single, with very discreet, appressed hairs on apical half ; 3 branched,
one of the branches thicker than the others ; 4 branched ; 8 and 9 branched and
small. Antenna spiculose, antenna1 hair branched. Head with sclerotized spots.
Anal segment quadrate, a dorsal strongly quitinized, spinose plate.
Egg Unknown.
Type locality - Argentina,
Buenos Aires. Type in M. L. P.
Distribution Argentina
and Uruguay.
Fig.
124.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
annulipalpis
Arribhlzaga,
1878.
Wing.
Original.
181
ANOPHELINI
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
1911
Anopheks
Lutz
& Neiva,
1921
Peryassfi,
Ar.
1925
Bonne
1933
Shannon,
Proc.
Ent.
Sot.
1937
Gabaldon,
Pub.
Div.
Mal.,
Mus.
Nat.
Rio,
& Bonne-Wepster,
1943 Galvis,
Rev.
Fat.
1943
Russell
& al.,
Keys
1944
Causey
& al.,
Am.
1946
Cova-Garcia,
XII
1947
Deane
Rev.
& al.,
1947
Coutinho,
1948
Giglioli,
1949
Lane
(in Boyd),
syn.
1923
Anopheles
1925 Bonne
Hyg.,
San.
amazonicus
World,
1
Rept.
Med.,
19
457.
47.
50, 100,
1 :
140.
296.
37.
406.
Christophers,
& Bonne-Wepster,
J. Trop.
55.
Guiana,
1
Pub.,
(Thesis),
Malarioloey,
Am.
2.
Sau.
Br.
1939 Gabaldon,
23.
Panam.,
Esp.
Serv.
12
297.
135.
1 : 197 ;
of the
39
3 :
543
35
BogotB,
Cruz,
13.
Caracas,
S. Paulo
Med.
0.
Sur.,
Wash.,
Serv.
Contr.
1926 Bequaert,
23
to the An.
J.
Conf.
Univ.
Mos.
Ins.
Mos.
Med.,
mattogrossensis
Mem.
Mos.
Sur.,
Rice-Harvard
An.
Trop.
Med.
& Par.,
18
72.
543.
7th.
Exp.
Amazonas,
202.
Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark brown. Palpus dark brown
with very small rings on joints of segments II-V, scales shaggy chiefly at base.
Antenna with brown torus ; flagellum t,wo thirds the length of proboscis, sparsely
pilose, first two segments with yellowish scales. Occiput densely covered with
light brown, forked scales except for a small anterior spot and vertex which have
forked and slender white scales intermixed with the proclinate yellow setae.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, the setae dark brown. Mesonotum with
light brown integument ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae dark brown,
sparsely covered with filiform golden scales. Scutellum slightly darker in the
middle, the marginal setae long, brown, small golden scales over the rest. Postnoturn blackish. Pleura with darker regions, the setae yellowish.
Legs (fig. 125) dark-brown except the femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal joints
which are whitish. Tarsi dark except the fore and mid ones which have narrow
apical rings and the hind ones with rings on the four basal tarsi distally.
Fig.
125.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
mattogrossensis
Lutz
&
Neiva,
1911.
Leg.
Original.
Wing with inflated scales (fig. 126). Haltere with brown stem, blackish knob
and a few white scales on stem and knob.
Fig.
126.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
mattogrossensis
Lutz
& Neiva,
1911.
Wing.
Original.
182
>\SOPHELIICI
Fig.
Fig.
127.
127.
Anopheles
(Based
Fir.
3 28.
Anopheles
hairs.
Fig.
(Anopheles)
on
Gnbnldon,
(Anophetes)
mattngroswnsis
1939,
Am.
J.
mattoproswnsis
128.
LutL
&
Trap.
Ned.,
Sciva,
1911.
fig. 1).
Male
T,utz&
Neiva 1 1911
*
.
Larva.
gcnitalilr
Clp?nl
Ori.qinnl.
Lawn - (fig. 128). Head with darker spots on integument . Hair 2 sirnpltb Ltntl
feathered ; 3 in a tuft beyond base. Clypeal index 2,5. Hair 4 in a tuft, short :
S and 9 long and branched (7/S branches) ; 14 moderate, double, 13 small and
branched. Antenna spiculose ; hair 10 below middle, in a tuft and two thirds the
length of segment.
Thorax : Prothoracic hair 1 a palmate tuft, 2 long ard
branched, 3 ver)
short and simple.
Abdomen : Hair 6 long and branched on segment I-III, 011 IV long and double
011 V very
small. Hair 7 developed only on segment II. Palmate tufts of segments
I-VII
discreet in I and II. Pectcn with long teeth usually alternating with two
short ones.
Egg - Demc,
Causcy BcDeane (1944) : - (fig. 129) Strongly concave dorsally with very pointed tips ; exposed surface showing reticulated polygonal pattern
except on narrow dorsal longitudinal band enclosed by narrow and sinuous frill,
slightly broadened at extremities ; floats broad and long with about 40 ridges ;
in many eggs frill not continuous but interrupted, usually near center of egg, and
in some specimens showing one or more isolated small areas along longitudinal
lines.
Type locaKy - Brasil,
State of Mato Grosso, Manicor&
Type in I. 0. C.
-Dislribzrtion -.CAombia
: Venezuela
: _Brasil, Amazon Valley.
Fig.
129.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
mattogrossensis
Causey,
Deane
& Deane,
1947,
Rey.
Fiq.
134.
Anopheles
(Arrihalzagia)
Causey,
Deane
k Deane.
Anopheles
1908
1913
1924
t925
1928
1928
1930
1931
1942
1942
1943
i943
19%4
1944
1946
1947
1947
1947
1948
1949
1950
syn.
LutL
Serv.
& Neiva,
1911.
Esp.
Sau,
Pub..
P:xg.
1i.
l<;gz:.
peryassul
I)yar
& Knab.
1908.
1947.
Rev.
Sew-. Esp.
San. Pnh.,
(Based
on
(Based
on
I : est.2).
(Anopheles)
peryassui
I>ya~
&
Klul),
: 33.
:
;
: 2.
: 1:i.i.
X2.
Coutinho,
Univ.
de S. Paula,
(Thesis),
55.
Floch & Abonnencs, Ins. Pasteur
Guy:me,
144
Giglioli,
MOP. Contr.
Serv. Br. Guiana,
37.
Lane (in Boyd),
Malariology,
1
406.
Kuyp,
Kon. Ver. Ind. Inst.,
89
46 et sen.
1907 Manguinhosia
lutzi Crux (ner Cruz, 1901),
: 4.
:
:
cm
nv.
(:cn.
1908 Peryassd,
OS Cul. Brasil, 32.
1925 Anopheles alagoani Peryassb,
-1 Fl. Med.,
6
258.
1925 Anopheles celidopus Dyar
& Shannon,
J. Wash. AC. Sci.,
19% A. alagoani
& wlidopus
Dynr,
140s. Am., 460, 4.79.
l<I:ls.
13
.iu.,
: +I.
1.
1908.
184
ANOPHELINI
Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark brown. Palpus dark brown,
with small white rings on joint of segment I-II and II-III,
I with erect scales.
Antenna with blackish torus and a few small white scales superiorly ; flagellum
slightly shorter than length of proboscis, verticils yellowish, white scales on segment I. Occiput with light brown, forked scales except anteriorly and on vertex
where they are white and mixed with slender long ones.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with brown integument, covered with scales of this
color. Mesonotum with brown integument and small dark dots, also three dark
large spots, two of them anterior and the largest on prescutellar region ; sparsely
covered with narrow, yellowish scales, anteriorly a tuft of white, narrow, longer
scales ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae light brown. Scutellum darker
in the middle, marginal setae yellowish, a few smaller ones of this color. Postnotum
brown, lighter on the sides. Pleura light brown with darker regions.
Legs dark brown, joints of hind pair lighter. Tarsi with small apical white
rings except on last segment.
Wing (fig. 130) with normal scales. Haltere with light stem and dark knob.
Fig.
130. -
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
peryassui
1906.
Wing.
Original.
Abdomen dark brown, covered with hairs of this color. Last tergites densely
covered with yellow scales dorsally and blackish ones ventrally.
Genitalia : Basist,yle short,
Male - (fig. 131). Shannon & Davis (1930) : rather thick ; the dististyle distinctly longer ; appendicle short and thick ; two
parabasal spines, no internal spine ; phallosome extends beyond the apical margin
of claspet,te lobe, with four to five well developed leaflets, the apical ones being
equal to one-half the length of phallosome ; claspette lobe short and broad, the
outer spines three in number, slender and situated very close together ; but one
marginal spine.
Pupa - (fig. 132). Trumpet prolonged posteriorly with a deep notch, similar
to that found in Arribalxagiu ; eighth abdominal spine simple ; paddles much
longer than broad, the rib slightly mesad of the middle ; terminal hair simple ;
spines on exterior margin very minute, but the apical and almost the entire inner
margin with a fringe of fine hairs.
Larva (fig. 133). Antenna with a small sub-basal five branched hair ;
inner anterior clypeals simple, well approximated ; outer clypeals thickly branched
with more than 50 ultimate branches ; posterior clypeals small, with five branches,
inner anterior thoracic hairs small with about seven slender branches ; palmate
hairs of the Arribulxugiu type present on segments one to seven, t,hose on segments
one and two with slender leaflets ; plumose hairs on lateral margins of segments
one to three, double on segment four and five, the remainder single ; pect,en with
alternating long and short teeth, the short ones only with marginal setae ; seven
to eight well developed grapling hairs.
185
dNOPHELIN1
131.
Fig.
Fig.
131.
133.
133.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
on Shannon
& Davis,
peryassui
1930,
An.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
peryassui
(Deane,
Causey
& Deane,
1947,
Dyar
Ent.
& Knab,
1908.
Sot. Am.,
23:
Dear
Rev.
& Knab,
1908.
Serv.
Esp. Sau.
Male
pl. 4
genitalia.
fig. 15).
(Based
Larva.
Clypeal
hairs.
Pub.,
1: fig. 48).
Egg - Causey, Deane & Deane (1944) : - (fig. 134). Floats long, narrow,
laterally placed, curved in wide arc approximating
each other at anterior and
posterior ends of eggs, formed by about 22 ridges with filamentous extensions longer
toward extremities of egg, the 2 or 3 ridges at center usually devoid of these extensions ; exochorion showing hexagonal pattern over exposed surface . . ..
Fig.
132.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
peryassui
dorsal.
(Based
minal
segments,
25
figs.
19 and
20).
Am.,
Dyar
& Knab,
1908.
Pupa.
Tube
on Shannon
& Davis,
1930,
An.
and
Ent.
abdoSOC.
Subgenus LOPHOPODOMYIA
1937
Lophopodomyia
Antunes,
1941
Arthuromyia
Gnlvlo,
Ar.
1943
Arthuromyia
Deane
& al.,
1943
Lopltopodomyia
1949
Arthuromyia
Vargas,
Bul.
Ent.
Dep.
Zool.
Pap.
Rev.
S. Paulo,
Av.
Ins.
Dep.
y Sal.
Antunes, 1937.
28 : 39 --
Res.,
Zool.,
& Enf.
Deane,
:
3
type
564 --
quamifemur
type
Antulle\,
gileni
(Neiva,
1937.
1908).
167.
Trop.,
Dexue
57.
R- Damascwro.
Rev.
HIM.
Biol.,
9 (4) :
197-504.
Characters
Adult : Wing with three spots on costal region ;
3rd. vein with a greater number of blackish than of whitish scales,
these restricted to base ; 6th. vein like 3rd., the white scales restricted
to the middle of vein. Abdomen without scales and covered only by
hairs. Legs with a tuft of long, erect scales on hind femur (squamifemur)
or without it (other species). Tarsi with small rings. Male genitalia
with four basal setae on basistyle, not inserted on tubercles ; internal
sets quite detached ; claspette with atrophied lobe.
Pupa - Tube uniform and without notch ; abdomen with element A simple except on segment VIII where it is fringed ; paddle
ending by a straight seta with dense fringe on margin.
Larva - Hairs 5, 6 and 7 branched ; prothoracic and met,athoracic
groups with long branched setae, tuft 1 of abdomen distinct and developed, the elements irregular at apex ; abdomen with segment VI with
hair 6 long and developed.
Egg - Not characteristic.
Bionomics - Sylvan mosquitoes ; females seek a blood meal on
man and animals at twilight. Aquatic stages are passed on shaded
side pools of streams rich in organic mater.
Anopheles
(Lophopodomyia)
1937
Anophelev
Antunes,
1943
Y:trgns,
Rev.
Ins.
Sal.
1943
(;:dvi~,
Rev.
Fat.
Med.,
1943
Russt~ll
1946
Floch
& r2bonnenc,
Ins.
1947
Deanr
Serv.
Bras.
& al.,
Biol.,
Keys
Bul.
Ent.
Rcs.,
y Enf.
Troll.,
Bozotii.
to the
An.
Pasteur
squamifemur
28 :
4
12
of the
Guyane,
ICvp. Sau.
lrih.,
Antunes, 1937.
69.
37.
10.
Wor!d,
193
49.
1 ;
1 : 325 ;
1947 Floch
1949
Deane,
& Ahonncnc,
Deane
id.,
144
& Damasreno,
: 8.
Rev
: 497.
_\.s
II
L I s
7x7
a tuft on apical internal margin. Vertex with long, slender, white, proclinate scales
which reach flagellar segment I. Occiput blackish, ocular setae blackish, in front
with white broad scales mixed with long ones, behind with blackish, broad scales,
all scales erect.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown, with a few upper Mac.
AItsonotum
light brown with whitish pruinosity and two anterior spots and an area near
scutellum where the integument is blackish ; a small group of white scales on
anterior margin ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae modcrate, others over root of
wing, all golden. Scutellum the color of mesonotum except the mid portion which
has a black spot, ten marginal setae. Postnotum blackish. Pleura blackish with
lighter areas ; two lower mesepimerals and an upper mesepimeral.
Legs : For-c femur peppered with yellow, its tihia peppered with dark spots.
Tarsal segments I, II and III brown in the middle the end with white rings, I\
and V straw colored. Mid femur internally covered with white scales on a continuous stripe which nearly reaches the distal portion, the rest with blackish scales
except, a preapical and an apical white spot ; its tibia internally with cream colored
scales forming a continuous stripe which does not reach the distal portion, dorsall>
Tarsi internally with cream
with dark scales except for a peppering of white ones.
colored scales on a continuous stripe, externally tarsus I with dark scales and thretb
or four small white spots and a large apical one ; II Lvith blackish scales except
for a basal and an apical spot of white scales, III as II : IV with slightly darker
scales in the middle ; Y yellowish. Hind femur (fig. 13Fi) whitish internally, hla-
Pig.
136.
188
ANOPHELINI
Abdomen with light brown tergites, the sternites dark brown ; without
scales, moderately covered with quite long hairs ; cerci yellow, slender towards
apex, the scales of this color.
Male Antenna three fourths the length of proboscis, strongly plumose,
blackish at base, yellowish at apex. Palpus porrect.
Genitalia : (fig. 137). Basistyle ovate, twice as long as wide ; two strong
parabasal spines, the inner shorter, flattened, pointed ; the outer longer and hooked
at apex ; two internal spines, the inner much reduced, short, slender and pointed ;
the outer more than twice the length of the inner, slender, pointed. Dististyle one
fourth longer than basistyle, the claw at apex and pointed. Claspette with conical
outer lobe bearing a foliaceous seta at apex ; inner lobe spiculose. Anal lobe hyaline.
Mesosome elongate, with a strong leaflet at each side.
Fig.
137. -
Male genitalia.
squamifemur
Antunes, 1937.
(Lophopodomyid)
(Based on Deane, Deane & Damasceno, 1949, Rev. Bras. Biol., 9 (4) : 501,
figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5).
Anopheles
Vegagrande
:
Brasil,
; allotype
Brad,
Fig.
138.
Anopheles
(Lophopodomyia)
Haltere
gilesi
(Neiva,
190 8).
Wing.
Original.
790
.I
rr
T. I
139.
Fig.
139. -
Anophe!es
141.
Fir.
141. -
gilesi
(Neiva, 1906).
Male
1937, Ar. Dep. Zool. S. Pado, 2: fig.
(Lophopodomyia)
Pap.
genitalia.
3).
Ax-. Dep.
(Based on
Zool.,
S.
Pupa - Causey, Deane & Deane (1943) : mention the following characters :
- Tube slight,ly enlarged apically. Cephalothoraric setae with two to six branches
and small.
Abdomen : Hair B absent in II and VIII, with short and thick
branches on the other segments, shorter and fewer in III ; C present
in?V with thick and very short stem ending in eight, branches which
V and VII with slender stem and fewer branches ; ,C. 1 present only
stem slender
in II to VII,
are long ; in
in VT where
ANOPHELINI
191
Fir.
140.
Anopheles
(Lophopodomyia)
and abdominal
tufts.
(Based
Dep.
Zool., S. Psulo,
3 (1)
gilesi
(Keiva,
on Deane,
: pl. 1).
1908).
Larva.
Head,
protlloracic
Deane
8~ Ceusey,
194.7,
Pap.
-4~.
Abdomen : Tuft 1 present in segment I-VII, in I and VII smaller, in III and
IV larger, with broad leaflets serrate on margin beyond middle, the apex filamentous
and twenty to twenty five in number. Anterior plate of spiracular apparatus short,
broad, posterior margin concave ; segment IX with posterior plate of spiracular
apparatus without lateral expansions. Pecten with fourteen teeth which are
subequal.
Egg - (fig. 141). Em forma de bote, fortemente convex0 na parte ventral,
ligeiramente concave na dorsal ; exocorion corn pequenas bossas prateadas, elipticas ou arredondadas, distribuidas em toda a superficie do ovo, exceto na pore%
ocupaga pelos flutuadores e em pequena area situada em cada extremidade da face
dorsal, essas areas variam de tamanho, 60 irregularmente elipticas e rodeadas por
frill estreito, estriado ; flutuadores colocados lateralmente, muito afastados na
superficie dorsal, extendendo-se ao longo de quase t#odo o comprimento do ovo,
vistos dorsalmente OS gomos s&o muito sinuosos e n&o sdo individualizaveis
na
por@o media dos flutuadores, ventralmente stzo regulares e nitidos.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Minas Gerais, Rio das Velhas. Type in I.O.C.
Distribution - Brad,
States of Minas Gcrais and Mato Grosso.
192
Anopheles
NOPHELINI
(Lophopodomyia)
pseudotibiamaculatus
Anopheles
1943
Russell
& al.,
1944
Cow&a
& Ramos,
1947
Coutinho,
1948
Lane,
1949
Rachou,
Galvno
Univ.
Rabello
Rev.
& Barretto,
Keys
Rev.
to the An.
Ar.
Hig.
& Sau.
de S. Paulo
& Gaeta,
Bras.
Mal.,
Ar.
1
Biol.
of the
Pub.,
(Thesis),
Fat.
Hyg.,
World,
Hig.
11
1941.
: 63.
48.
134.
56.
& Sau.
Pub.,
265.
39.
Female Proboscis slightly shorter than fore femur, dark brown ; labellum
lighter. Palpus dark brown ; segment I wit,h erect scales at base ; II with a basal
ring and a preapical internal white spot ; III and IV nearly completely covered
with white scales except at base. Antenna with reddish brown torus, a few white
scales dorsally ; flagellum three fourths the length of fore femur, verticils with
few hairs ; I with white scales. Occiput brown, covered with forked blackish
scales and white ones anteriorly and on vertex, mixed with long., slender white
proclinate ones which surpass antenna1 segment I ; vertex with whitish setae, oculars blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobes light brown with setae and scales of this color. Mesonotum dark brown except for a broad longitudinal band, whitish pruinose and
that broadens before middle and is without scales except for the white scaled anterior tuft formed by a few small ones ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae short and
yellowish, supralar ones longer and brown. Scut5ellum whitish except for a dark
brown spot in the middle, the marginal setae brown. Postnotum brown, darker in
the middle. Pleura brown with lighter areas.
Legs blackish. Anterior coxa light brown, the median and hind ones yellowish.
Femora with whitish bases and slightly lighter internally ; femoro tibia1 joints
whitish. Hind tibia with the apical quarter with white scales and integument.
Tarsi dark except tarsus I of hind pair which is slightly whitish internally.
Wing (fig. 142) with narrow scales. Haltere with white stem and black knob.
Fig.
142.
Anopheles
Wing.
(Lophopodomyia)
(Courtesy
of
Dr.
pseudotibiameculatus
A.
L.
A.
GalvSto
&
Barreto,
1941.
G&Lo).
Abdomen dark brown, sparsely covered with dark brown hairs ; cerci yellowish and covered with yellowish hairs.
Male - Similar to female. Palpus shorter than length of proboscis ; the last
two segments thickened and with blackish scales except the joints of I and II where
there are extensive spots and IV internally where there is a large white spot also.
_I
L I
193
hntenna nearly reaching third palpal joint ; strongly plumose, the plumes golden,
the segments whitish except for the two distal ones which are blackish.
Genitalia : (fig. 143). Basistyle elongate, three times the broadest width ;,
basal spine inserted in a very discreet elevation, very long, slender and pointed.
Parabasal setae inserted in distinct tubercles in the middle of basistyle, the external
slightly more slender and longer than the internal, both with expanded but pointed
apex. Dististyle nearly as long as basistyle, attenuated in the middle. Claw short,
thick and pointed. Claspettes on a developed tubercle, subconical, at apex with a
broad leaflet, distally expanded and blunt ; at base an accessory seta which is
long, slender and pointed. Mesosome without leaflets, tubular, curved at apex
which is truncate and weakly sclerotized. Anal lobe very weakly sclerotized and
finely spiculose at base, apes rugose. Ninth tergite wit,h separated lobes, they
are developed and nude.
143.
Fig. 143. -
Anopheles
144.
(Lophopodomyia)
Male genitalia.
Fig. 144. -
pseudotibiamaculatns
Galv%o
&
Barreto,
1941.
Pupa.
Tube.
(Based on Lane,
Sau. Pub., 1: figs. 2, 3, and 4).
Ar. Fat.
Hig.
&
Tube externally
1!)4
_-
-1
11 E
I,
Lurua - Head : Broader than long, evenly sclerotised except for a posterior
blackish ring. Hair 2 long and simple ; 3 simple and half as long as 2 ; 4 simple
and long ; 8 simple and moderate ; 9 simple ; 10 dichotomized ; 11 dichotomized
before basal third and with five or six branches ; 12 plumose ; 14 in three or four
branches. Antenna spiculose, chiefly on internal margin ; ventral saber pointed
and smooth ; dorsal saber hairy on internal margin and pointed.
Thorax with hair 1 in six branches, not, insertled on same self&e as 2 : 2
pcannate ; 3 simple. Other setae pennate.
Abdomen with hair 1 palmate, leaflets pointed at apex and hyaline distally.
Intersegmental plates small, those of II and III smaller. Segments I and II with
hairs 5 and 6 nearly the same size, plumose and inserted in a single sclerite. Segment
III with only hair 6 which is similar to those on preceeding segments. Segment
IV with only hair 6 which is slender and has sparse dichotomized branrhea. Pectcn
with long spines except for five small ones between them.
Type locality -
Brad,
Type in F. $1.
Distribution - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Magi das Cruzes, Sales6polis and
JuquiS ; State of S. Catarina, Palhoqa.
Anopheles
(Lophopodomyia)
vargasi
Gabaldon,
Anophdd-9(Arthummyia) Gabaldon,
Cova-Garcia
1943
Deane
1943 Russell
C al.,
Pap.
$ al.,
1946
Cova-Garcia,
1949
IJane
-4~.
Keys
XII
(in Hoycl),
Dep.
to the
Conf.
Zool.,
An.
San.
Malariolog> ,
oE the
Pnnanr.,
& Lopez,
Pub.
AId.,
7 : 23.
167.
World,
1
30.
: 52, 102,
14%.
402.
FernalP - Characters from Gabaldon, Cova-Garcia & Lopez (1941) : - Proboscis dark. Palpus nearly as long as proboscis, dark scaled, a gdod portion of
apex white. Antenna ; torus with scales : Occiput with dark scales, the vertex
with long white proclinate scales ; oculars dark.
Thorax : (fig. 145). Pronotal lobe with dark setae and scales. Mesonotum
with a broad white pruinose stripe nearly over whole surface leaving only a narrow
lateral dark margin ; covered with a tufh of white, long scales on promont80ry, the
rest of disk with yellowish setae. Scutellum with dark marginal s&ae.
Legs : (fig. 146). Cosac with long set,ae and narrow scales. Forr and mid
pairs dark ; hind lega dark wit,h white spots on joints.
Wing as in fig. 147.
Ahdomen wit,h long brown hairs.
Male -
(fig. 148).
Genitalia : Basistyle with the internal seta beyond middle, long and pointed ;
four parabasal setae,
one of them long, slender, pointed and more externally inserted, two st,out, thick, curved retae internally inserted, one of them shorter.
below bhese setae a short, sinuous seta. Mesosome elongate, broad, the margins
scotlprized. Claspettes with a conical ventral lobe ,cpding in a stout, blunt sets
and a smaller pointed spine internally inserted : dorsal lobe with two lanceolatc,
slender setae at apex.
Pupa -
(fig. 149). Tube with the apical margin somewhat depressed mesially.
Fig.
Fig.
145.
148.
Fig. 150.
Fig. 140.
Fi::.
J I;.
Anopheles
(Lophopodonq-ia)
\ argasi
G~lXIId~~II,
104 1.
Mesonotum.
Fig. 146. -
Leg.
Pig. 347. -
Ring.
Fig. 144. -
Male genitalia.
Fig.
149. -
Pupa.
Pic.
1.50.
Larva. Clypeal hairs and prothoracic group. (All based on Gabaldon, Co\;1
Garcia & Lopez, 1941,
Pub. Div. Ma]., 7: figl. 2, fig. 3 and pk. 2 and
in part)
Abdominal
196
hair C with three to five branches on II-V, on VI and VII simple or with two or
three branches ; hair C. 1 present only on segment VT1and half as long as C, simple or trifid. Paddle with accessory seta bifid or trifid, terminal seta long, smooth
and simple, occasionally with two or three branches, the paddle is elongate and
has an index of 1,5 and the external border granulate on proximal fourth, spiculose
on second quarter and pilose on distal quarter.
Larua (fig. 150). Head with hair 2 simple, smooth and long ; 3 bifid,
smooth and much shorter than 2 ; clypeal index 2,5 ; 4 large and with six to ten
branches ; 8 simple, rarely bifid at apex ; 0
. small and with three to seven branches
beyond base.
Thorax : Tuft 1 of prothorax average and with ten to seventeen branches
2 long, thick and plumose ; 3 simple, average and pointed.
Abdomen : Segments I-VII with hair 1 very small, as a palmate tuft, slender
and with four to seven small branches on I, on the other segments it is large and
easily seen and rosette shaped, the leaflets elliptical and ending in a sharp point
with notches ; the number of elements from eleven to twenty two ; hair 6 in I,
II and III long, thick, strong and with many branches, plumose ; in IV, V and VI
as in I but with slender and fine branches near base ; in VII not as long as in IV ;
hair 7 in I and II long, strong and plumose, in III-VII
small, more ventral than
dorsal, slender, the branches inserted near base and with five to eighteen branches.
Egg - Gabaldon, Cova-Garcia & Lopez (1941). Tiene la forma corrient,e
de un bote, concave en el dorso y convex0 ventralmente, con el extremo anterior
rnas ancho que el posterior. La portion ant,erior de1 exocorion presenta una estructura semejante a un cue110de camisa que rodea el extremo anterior de1 huevo,
y se proyecta dorsalmente y hacia adelante. En la portion post.erior, se observa
t,ambien una estructura semejante a la ya descrita, pero mucho In& pequefia y
angosta. Los flotadores son laterales y dejan libre una superficie dorsal y otra
ventral, y alcanzan a veces las dos estructuras en cue110 de camisa de 10s extremos.
Los flotadores no muestran claramente sus compartimientos en la cara dorsal, pues
e&fin formados por una superficie con estrias muy irregulares ; en cambio ellos se
destacan bien cuando se mira el huevo lateralmente o por su cara ventral. Oscilan
entre 25 y 36 compartimientos, siendo de notar que a veces el flotador de un lado
t,iene m&s compartimientos que el de1 lado opuesto. En las caras dorsal y ventral
se encuentran porciones refringentes formadas por levantamientos de1 exorcorion
muy semejantes a 10s encontrados en 10s huevos de1 subgenero Nyssorhynchus.
2321
La longitud de1 huevo oscila entre 500 y 517,8 micras ; y su anchura entre
y 250 micras. Los flotadores tienen de 410,7 a 428,6 micras de large.
Anopheles
(Lophopodomyia)
oiketorakras
Osorno-Mesa, 1947.
1947
Anopheks
Osorno-Mesa,
Caldasia,
4 (2)
431-446.
Female - Proboscis blackish, slender, longer than fore femur ; labellum whit.ish. Palpus as long as proboscis, blackish, last segment white, I shaggy. Antenna
with brown torus ; flagellum slightly shorter than proboscis. Occiput with black
scales except in the middle where there is a large spot of white ones connected
with the white proclinate scales and setae t.hat overlap segment I of flagellum.
Thorax as in A. hectoris.
Wing with yellowish scales, the markings as in fig. 151. Haltere
and black knob.
with whit,e
.\
Fig.
151.
4nophrles
(Lophopadomyia)
11 R
1. I s
oiketorakras
Original.
Male - Proboscis one fifth longer than fort femur. Palpus longer than proboscis ; basal two segments blackish, narrowly white at joint, III whitish at base
and apex, IV with apical half white, the basal one black. Antenna with dense .vellowish hairs, nearly the length of proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 152). The following characters arc given in the original
diagnosis : - C
law blunt but attenuated at apes. Parabasal seta long, curved at
apes. Accessory setat-placed in a straight, oblique line. Mcsosome tubular. Ventral
lobe of claspette with terminal leaf slightly lanccolate and with very small internal,
preapical seta. Dorsal lobe of claspette with a strong, long, seta, the apical external
portion with two very slender leaflets.
.__
:
:il,.; .
,: I,
1
:..
.,
Fig.
152.
f.,
;:
*.
A. -
Anopheles
talia.
(Lophopodomyia)
oiketorakras
(Based on Osorno-X&n,
1947.
Omrno-Mesa, 1947.
CI71dtisic3,4: 445).
11~11~geni-
1~pu - Tube with the margin slightly tlcpresscd in the middle and very much
enlarged at, apes. Hair A of segment II small, nearly as long as corresponding hair
on segments III-IV,
its apex blunt ; of IV as long as that of III, its apex blunt ;
of 1 four and a half times as long as that of segment, IV, pointed ; of VI and VII
slightly longer than that of V ; of VIII longer than that, of VII, with three to five
long branches. apical hair of paddle spinelike, strong, long, pigmented and simple ;
the apex blunt but sometimes very sharp and curved at apex.
Larva - (fig. 152 B.). Head : Hairs 2 and 3 long, with lateral branches,
hair 4 long, sinuous, reaching hair 1, with sparse lateral branches. Hair 10 slender,
divided at apex in two or three branches.
Fig.
132.
1:.
Anophelos
(Lophopotlomyia)
pulniate
tuft
and
d;lGa,
4: 443).
oikctorakras
p~otliorncic
lrnirs.
Osowo-Mesa,
1947.
Lax~a.
Head.
(Based
on Osorno-Mesa,
1947,
Cel-
Anopheles
1049
iinophelvs
(Lophopodomyia)
Ar~tluzc
&
Cspdevielle,
guarao
Rol.
Ent.
Vm.,
Female Characters taken from original description. Proboscis long, slender, dark brown. Palpus dark, with golden scales at apex. Occiput with a tuft of
pale yellow scales at apex, behind with dark brown and yellowish scales intermixed.
Thorax : ?cilesonotum with pale integument and dark lateral spots, behind
with a dark spot which invades scutellum : sparsely covered with golden hairs.
Wing with white and black scales. Costa with three spots of black scales,
the membrane dark and the spots distinctly separated by the white scales. The
basal spot reaches the 1st. vein : the median spot reaches the 2nd. vein and the
preapical spot involves both branches of the 2nd. vein. The 1st. vein ends in white :
2nd. black at base and white scales with dark ones up t,o fork, base of fork black
then white and ending in black ; 3rd vein with white base followed by black then
white and black ending in two black spots ; 4th. vein white and black at base, a
black spot in middle over fork ; 5th. with black spot, near base then black and
.I
II
I3 1, I
s I
199
white scales, a black spot at base of fork, a small black apical spot on lower fork :
6th. white, sparsely peppered with black scales, middle with black spot, apex black.
Legs. With dark brown and yellow scales. Last segment of all tarsi ending
in yellow.
Abdomen greyish with golden hairs and lateral tufts of dark scales wit>h a
few white ones intermixed and from II to VIII.
Cerci dark.
Male Similar to female.
Genitalia : (fig. 153). Basistyle one and a half times basal width : two
parabasal setae ; internal seta relatively slender, longer than dorsal parabasal
seta, pointed.
Mesosome slender, somewhat tubular, with three leaflets which
are long and lanceolate with transparent margins, the two additional pairs veryslender and shorter. Ventral lobe of claspettes strongly pilose and ending in two
long, pointed setae ; dorsal lobe ending in four long, thick spines which are so
close together that, they seem three. Anal lobe high, conical, membranous and
with fine small setae. 3inth tergite broad, sclerotized, the lateral lobes fingcrlike,
very short and Tquit,c removed.
Fig.
153.
Anopheles
(Lophopodomyia)
tab.
Original.
gunrnu
.hlduze
&
Capdcrillr,
1949.
JIele
gcni-
Pupa - (fig. 154). Tube of t,he ~l~ibalxagia type but with a deep incision
and without modifications on margins.
Larva - Head : Hair 1 long, slender, simple, with very fine branchlets at
apex ; both hairs very close together ; hair 2 much shorter than t,he internals,
simple, double or triple with fine branchlets at apex : hair 4 simple ; 8 small ;
trifid ; 9 small, trifid ; 12 branched. Antenna nearly cylindrical, sabers long,
Fig.
154.
Anopheles
(Lophopodomyia)
guarao
Anduzc
B Capdeville,
and abdominal
segments
of pupa,
dorsal.
Original.
1940.
Pupa.
Tube
dorsal saber pointed, ventral shorter, the apes dentate ; hair 10 not longer than
dorsal saber and bifid.
Thorax : Prothorax with hair 1 simple or double : 2 long, strong and sparsely branched ; 3 dendritic, relatively short.
Abdomen with tuft 1 from segment III to VII.
Hair 7 of segment I long,
strong and plumose ; hair 6 of III long and strong, plumose ; hairs 6 of segments
IV-VI
simple.
Type locality - Venezuela,
Monagas, Caripito. Type in Anduze collection.
Distribution -- Venezuela,
Monagas.
1!)03 drribalzuyiu
Subgenus ARRIBALZAGTA
Theobald, 1903.
Theobald,
XIon. Cul., 3 : 81 - type n~acdipes
Theobald.
I Characters
Adult : Wing spotted, the kink small on cost/al
region except in A. minor, the scales broad and with characteristic
markings. Haltere wit,h knob broad and a characteristic row of white
scales. Mesonotum with at least the prescutellar spot, the lateral
ones absent only in A. maculipes and A. gabaldoni. Abdomen with
poster0 lateral tufts of scales. Legs peppered with white.
Larva - Antenna with spatulate and fringed saber. Abdomen
with hair 6 simple on segment IV.
Pupa and egg - Do not show subgeneric characters.
Key
for
the
adults
of the
subgenus
ARRIBALZkGIA.
Fifth hind tarsal segment dark ; light markings of wing large and
distinct ; median portion of 3rd. vein with an area of light and
dark scales intermixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . minor
2. Last hind tarsal completely covered with white or yellowish
scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...3.
This segment wi6h black
..
.
.
. .6.
mediopunchtus
fhninensia
shartnoici
5. Tergite VIII white scaled .........................
This tergite with dark and white scales intermixed ... fluminensis
6. Scales of wing linear, three or four times as long as wide ..... .7.
Such scales broad, mainly on basal portion of wing, always less
than three times as long as wide ......................
..9.
7. Abdomen with dark scales intermixed with sparse white ones. .8.
Abdomen covered with white and dark scales which give it the
appearance of being covered with light colored ones. . gabaldoni
8. Costa1 region with two large spots besides the apical one ......
neomaculipalpus
...........................................
With three large spots besides the apical one ... pseudomacuZipes
maculipes
9.
10. Wing scales rounded at apex ; dark spot at apex of wing as large
as the preceeding one .........................
punctimacula
Wing scales truncate at apex ; dark spot at apex of wing larger
than the preceeding one ........................
intermcdius
Key
for
the
larvae
of the
subgenus
ARRIBALZAGIA.
I.
Clypeal hair 2 with many branches and dichotomized, i. e. appearing as a tuft .......................................
..2.
apicimacula
Such setae simple or pennate .....................
ueomaculipalpus
.3.
2. Ventral surface of larva smooth ..........................
minor
This surface spiculose ................................
.....................
3. Hair6ofsegmentsIVandVsimple..
Such setae with two or more branches ...................
4. Clypeal seta pennate (n. 3j ..............................
This seta smooth .............................
4.
.S.
.5.
punctimacula
6.
5. Long setae of prothorax with two or more branches ..........
mediopunctatus
Such setae with a single branch ...............
6. Prothoracic hair 1 simple or with two or three branches ..... .7.
fluminensis
Hair 1 with more than four branches ..............
7. Clypeal hair 2 branched before the middle ...........
This hair branched after the middle ................
maculipes
interm.edizts
.\
Anopheles
1917
ilnopheles
muculapes
minor
Dyar
AaopheIes
1930
Shannon
1931
Shannon,
Sot.
Wash.,
33
1943
Russell
& al.,
Keys
to the
An.
of the
1944
Causey
& al.,
Am.
.J. Hyp.,
1947
Deane
1947
Coutinho,
1949
Lane
Proc.
Ent.
{in Boyd),
Nem.
An.
II
I,
Ent.
Xerv.
Esp.
S. Paula
Malariology,
Ins.
Sot.
39
Sau.
(Thesis),
1
0.
Cruz,
Am.,
23
Lima, 1929.
minor
& Knab,
1929
& Davis,
(Arribalzagia)
Howard,
Lima,
Mon.,
4 : 990.
sup].,
12
484,
487.
287.
10.
World,
47.
3,
Pub.,
297, 300,
323,
341,
362.
54.
405.
Anopheles
(Arribaleagia)
minor
Lima,
1929.
Wing.
Original.
.I
II
I.
s I
303
1 59
138.
Fig.
Fig.
158.
159.
Anopheies
Shannon
(Arribalzugia)
8~ Davis,
1930,
Egg.
(Eawd
1: est. 2).
on
Cnuep.
minor
Au. Ent.
Deane
Lima.
1929.
Sot. Am., 2s
KY I)cwnr,
1947,
L~PVR.
(3)
Thorns.
: pl. 6, figs.
Rev.
Serr.
18
Esp.
(Bawd
on
and 18a.).
Sal!.
Pull.,
A N 0 I
204
..__. ~_ _._ _-
II
E L I X I
._______
PYUSSU~,
but the lateral hairs of segment IV and V usually with three branches ; in
addition, the>ventral side of the thorax and at&men
clothed with fine hairs (best
seen in cast; skins) ; p&en with alternating long and short spines, the short ones
with marginal setulae which are more apparent than in peryassui ; eight to ten
grappling hairs present.
Causey, Deane & Deane (1944) : - (fig. 159). Strongly concave
Egg dorsally ; floats with abouth 30 ridges : frill not, sinous, enclosing narrow black
area expanded at extremities and extending the length of egg ; surface exhibiting
ret,iculated polygonal exochorion except for area enclosed by frill. One oviposition
was observed in which frill was confined to extremities surrounding small elliptical
areas at each end of dorsal surface.
Type locality - Brasil,
State of Rio de Janeiro, Estrela. Type in I. 0. C.
Bist&tfion
- Paraguay
: Surinam
: Brad,
States of S. Paulo, Rio de
@Janeiro,Rahia and thtb Amazon Valley.
Anopheles
1931
Anophees Davis,
1933 Shannon,
Proc.
(Arribalzagia)
Sor.
Galviio
& al.,
Ar.
1943
Russell
& al.,
Keys
to the
1944
Causey
& al.,
Xm.
.J. Hyg.,
1947
Deane
1949
& al.,
1950
Kx~yp,
Kon.
Hig.,
Wa&.,
1942
Rev.
Ver.
12
Serv.
Ind.
Inst.,
3.i
345
Davis, 193 1.
shannoni
1931 Davis,
Riv.
MaI.,
::12,
363.
1 :
5.
136.
: 36.
&I.
Esp.
Malariology,
13
of the
3!)
Sau.
1
World,
4!).
3.
Pub.,
: 293,323,
406.
62 et seq.
Female - Proboscis slightly shorter I han fore femur, dark brown. Palpus
dark brown, with erect, scales and a few white ones on joints of scgmtbnts. Antenna
with brown torus, a few whit,<> scales dorsally ; flagellum shorter than length of
proboscis, vcrticils with sparse short hairs and a few scales on segment I. Occiput
with dark brown, forked scales except anteriorly and on vertex where they arc
white an mixed with long, slender, white scales.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with brown setae and scales. Mesonotum light
brown with whitish pruinosc rrgions and numerous dark dots, two mcsial spots and
a darker one on prescutellar region ; sparsely covered with slender, golden scales ;
acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae dark brown. Scutellum with the median portion darker and in continuation to the prcscutellar spot ; marginal sctne
long. Pleura dark brown with transversal lighter stripes.
Legs : Femora
and tibiae peppered with white, lighter intc>rn:tllJ- ; ta:G dark
cscqt for small apical white rings.
Wing with broad scales. (fig. 160). IIalt,erc with white stem and black knob.
.4bdomen dark brown, with dark brown hairs and post>cro latcral tufts of
dark scales on segments IT-\-TI : VIII apically dcnscly covered with white scales
which extend to cerci.
Fig.
160.
An~phel~~
(Arrihelzagia)
shannoni
Davis,
1931.
Wing.
Original.
2(J5
ANOPHELINI
- ..---__
Male - Shannon (1933) : - Ninth tergite with the usual pair of small, lobelike processes ; inner basal spine with curved tip, the outer straight, rather slender,
less than twice the length of the inner ; claspette much wider than high with a
median incision, consequently a pair of ventral lobes, each rather uniformly clothed
with short hairs and each bearing a single marginal spine and t,he usual club-like
set of three spines which stand on a prominent tubercle ; phallosome with a set
of seven to eight leaflets on each side at tip, all of similar shape and graduating
very uniformly in size from the upper one, which is about two-thirds the length
of the phallosome, to the lowermost one which is very minute.
Pupa - (fig. 161). The salient features of the pupa are ; the finger-like process extending across the opening of the pupal trumpet ; the short spine-like projections on segments IV-VII
; the short hairs on the hind margins of the segment
IV-VII,
equal to but one half the length of their segments ; and the simple condition of the spines on the eighth segment.
Fig. 161.
Anopheles
(Arribalzagia)
shannoni
Davis,
1931.
Pupa. Tube and abdominal
segments, dorsal. (Based on Shannon, 1933, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash. 35 (7) :
137).
Anopheles
(Arribalzagia)
gabaldoni
Vargas, 1941.
162.
16::.
Fig.
162.
(Arribalzagia)
-4llophe.k
and prothoracic
group.
Fig.
16:;.
Egg.
Pub.,
1943
Russell
1949
Lane
1950
Vargas
& al.,
(in Boyd),
(Both
1
shannoni
based on Causey,
& Est. 2).
: Est. 1
Keys
to the
An.
Malariology,
& Palacioe,
Est.
Tax.
of the
1
Davis,
Deane
World,
19:)l.
% Deane,
L:UTa.
1945,
CIyp< al lmiw.
Rev.
Sew.
antenna
Esp.
32.
405.
-411. iMexico,
102.
Fir.
164.
Anopheles
(Arribaleagia)
Mhxico,
Rev. Ned.
1950,
Sm.
gabaldoni
21:
390,
Vargas,
fig. 1).
1941.
Wing.
(Based
labelwith
spots
scales
on Vargas,
Legs : Fore femur and tibia irregularly marked with white ; apex of tarsi
I-V marked wit,h white. Mid femur, tibia and tarsus I irregularly marked wit,11
white, II-V extensively black with narrow apical white rings. Iiind femur and
t>ibia black with whit: spots, the apex black ; tarsus I with irregcllar white and
black rings, the white predominat.ing : II-V white at apex, II with four black ring<:,
III with two, IV and V with one.
Abdomen dark with brown hairs, ventrally with black and white scales which
are abundant on the apical segmentIs ; segments II-VII
with tufts of dark scales
on posterolateral margins ; cerci white scaled dorsally with black scales ventrallJ-.
MaZe - Palpus with shaggy black scales, a white ring on joints also on middle
of apical segment.
Genitalia : (fig. 165). Basistyle with two parabasal s&ae inserted on separate tubercles, t-he internal larger ; ventral lobe of claspette with a strong seta and
several smaller ones ; subapical seta large, strong and curved ; dorsal lobe of
claspette with three foliaceous, appressed, differentiated setae. Mesosome with
a pair of apical leaflets which arc large and strong1.v ribbed in the middle, the margins serrate.
166.
165.
(Arrihaleagia)
of claspettes.
Fir.
165.
Anopheles
and lobes
Fig.
166.
Larva.
Clypeal
Palacios,
1950,
hairs
Mos.
g&aldoni
T;rrpas,
and
prothoracic
An. Mesico,
703,
1941.
Xale
group.
(Both
fig. 1 and 42
genitalia.
AIesosome
based
on Vargas
E. and C.).
and
Pupa TJnknown.
Larva - Characters from Vargas & Palacios (1950) : - (fig. 166). Clypcal
hair 2 long, thicker than 3, with short feathers laterally ; 3 shorter than 2, branched
before middle and divided into four or five branches at apex ; clypeal index 1,5 ;
4 small and simple ; 8 with two to four branches ; 9 with four to six branches,
both of them small. Antenna with hair 10 shorter than sabers ; 11 inserted at
basal third and with numerous branches.
Thorax with hair 1 of prothorax wit,h three to six slender branches ; 2 largr
and feathered ; 3 short and simple.
Abdomen with tuft 1 rudimentary
on segments I and II, developed on
III-VII,
the leaflets broad, sclerotized with serrations on distal half of margins.
Pecten with seven large teeth alternating with about nine short ones.
Eyy Unknown.
Type Zocality - Mexico,
State of Tabasco, Tenosique. Type in Ins. Sal. 3.
Enf. Trop., Mexico.
Distribzt2ion Mexico,
States of Tabasco and Chiapas ; Guatemala.
Pet&.
Anopheles
1937
Anopheks
I,ima,
(Arribalzagia)
Rev.
Med.
Cir.
Bras.,
Lima, 1937.
evandroi
: 3.
45
Female - Lima (1937) : - Prob6scida reta, negra. Palpos tiio longos quanto
a prob&xida, densamente revestidos de escamas negras ; apenas algumas escamas
brancas nas articulaq&s
(o tiltimo segment0 revestido inteiramente de escamas
negras). Occiput corn escamas erect,as, negras, e, no meio, algumas esbranquiqadas.
Mesonotum cinzento-pardacento-escuro,
corn uma mancha negra de cada lado,
para diante da raiz da asa, e uma mediana, antescutellar, da mesma c6r, por6m urn
pouco maior que as laterais, cobrindo a parte media do scutellum. Pernas negras,
marcadas de maculas de escamas brancas, coma se v6 na figura. Tarsos posteriores
corn anel branco basal, quase tSo longo quanto o apical. Sbmente no tiltimo artictllo ; no penultimo (4) e no antepenultimo (3) aquele anel s6 se distingue corn
aumento forte, sendo, todavia, muito mais estreito que o apical. Tibias corn 5
tiaculas brancas muito pequenas no b&do anterior, ngo representadas na figura.
Asa corn0 na figura. AbdBmen negro, revestido de longos pelos pardacentos e provido de tufos de escamas negras nos angulos postcro-laterais dos tergitos 2-7 ;
no antepenultimo e penultimo urosternitos ha, em cada lado, algumas escamas esbranquiqadas e no meio do b&do posterior do penultimo urosternito, urn tufo compacto de escamas negras, erectas.
Mcsle, pupn, larva and qq - Unknown.
Type locality - Brasil, State of Rio de Janeiro, S. Bento. Type in I. 0. C.
Anopheles
1906
Anopheles
(Arribalzagia)
Dyar
& Knab,
1918 Dyar,
Ins.
Ins.
1923
Root,
Am.
J. Hyg.,
&lens.,
1925
Bonne
147.
& Bonne-Repster,
Dyar,
Ins.
Ins.
1926
Root,
Am.
J.
1928
1938
Dyar,
Mos. Am., 462.
Gabaldon,
Pub. Div. Mat.,
1939
Kumm
map
Mens.,
& Ruiz,
Trop.
Am.
1940
Med.,
1940 Gabald~l
13
31,
Med.,
al.,
Pub.
Div.
Mal.,
Am.
As.
-4dv.
Sci.,
90
1942 Komp,
Nat.
Ins.
1943 Galvis,
Rev.
Fat.
1943 Kumm
& al.,
& Roberts,
1943 Russell
1944
& al.,
Levi-Castillo,
Med.
Am.
J.
Mosquito
Keys
An.
1949 Castellanos
1949 Lane
1950 Ikyp,
& al.,
Am.
Panam.,
Pub., 1
Vargas
1906
Anopheks
atrigimacuZa
Est.
Tax.
1907
Anopheles
malefactor
1908
1918
A.
A.
1922
AnopheZes
1923
A.
strigimucula
Root,
Mos.
Am.
1925
A.
strigimacuZa
Bonne
1924
A.
strigimucula
Christophers,
id., 21
id.,
106.
374.
Worl,
34.
6.
29
34.
An.
Mexico,
& Knab,
& Knab,
107.
Proc.
J.
N.
Biol.
Y.
An.
J.
Trop.
Hyg..
Med.
Bonne-Wepster,
Ind.
Med.
Sot.
Ent.
Evans,
& Ram,
143.
Howard,
Dyar
& Knab,
Mon.,
4
Dyar,
Ins. Ins. Mens.,
6
147.
aenezuelae
Sal. Pub.
1940 Kumm
406.
Dyar
Dyar
22
25, 26.
Med.,
:
:
102,
San.
Sau.
1
89
%c.,
21.
of the
1950
var.
Trop.
y Prot.
Rozeboom.
Equador,
J.
1939 Kumm
Pub.
57,
23
Atlas,
438
36.
12
syn.
malefactor
malefactor
Med.,
(in Boyd),
Malariology,
Kon. Ver. Ind. Ins.,
& Palacios,
Quin.
1946 Cova-Garcia,
XII
Conf.
1947 Deane & al., Rev. Esp.
460.
1941
179
to the An.
Ext.
Sal.
BogotB,
Trop.
1906.
136.
I :
19
Mem.
Bul.,
: 52.
1941 Kumm,
Hlth.,
id.,
19
530.
Caracas,
& Soto,
411
Wash.,
191.
5
1941 Komp,
1943 Ross
Sm.,
Ser.,
J. Trop.
Kumm
20
Mon.
Sot.
1924 Root,
Mos.
1925
Hyg.,
Biol.
275
punctimacula
Proc.
Wash.,
Sot.,
15
1000.
& Par.,
16
214.
275.
Mos.
Res.
Sur.,
Mem.,
530.
3
35.
19
198.
136.
y Prot.
& al.,
560.
Sot..
Am.
J.
Female -- Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, blackish with shaggy
scales at base. Palpus blackish, with erect, sparse white scales in groups at base
and apex of segment IV. Antenna with dark brown torus bearing a few white
scales ; flagellum white scaled on segment I, the verticils yellowish. Occiput having
a light whitish integumental ocular stripe, covered with forked, brown scales except
anteriorly and on vertex where there are white short and long scales intermixed,
the setae yellow ; ocular setae brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish, with golden and rare white scales. Mesonotum with whitish pruinose integument having dark dots and three larger dark
brown spots, the prescutellar one reaching scutellum ; without scales except on
the anterior promontory were there are white ones ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and
supralar setae golden. Scutellum with a median spot in continuation to the prescutellar one, marginal setae yellow, others shorter. Post,notum dark brown. Pleura
with a few white scales on middle of sternopleura.
Legs : Coxae brown with tufts of white scales. Femora and tibiae blackish
and peppered with white scales. Fore tarsi with basitarsus peppered, segments
II to IV with basal spots and groups of white scales, V with apex white. Mid tarsi
with basitarsus peppered, II to IV with small basal rings, V dark. Hind tarsi
peppered, II to V with rings on joints, V white at apex.
Wing with broad scales (fig. 167). Haltere with light &em and black knob
besides a dense internal patch of white scales.
Fiq.
167.
--
Anopheles
Davis,
(Anopheles)
1931,
Am.
punctimacula
J.
Hyg.,
13:
pl.
Dear
& Knab,
1, fig.
3).
1906.
Wing.
(Bawd
oa
Abdomen with poster0 lateral tufts of dark scales ; tergites dark brown ;
tergite VIII with sparse dark scales and many white ones ; sternites with lateral
groups of white scales ; cerci with dark brown and yellowish scales at apex.
Male - Palpus longer than proboscis by the last segment, blackish, white
on joint of segments I and II, III and IV rlavate and white at base. Antenna moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 168). Basistyle with the two parabasal setae one of them
long, pointed at apex, the other short, and curved at apex ; internal seta on apical
third, long, slender and curved at apex. Dorsal lobes of claspette with two flattened
filaments at apex, the ventral ones with two long setae, body setose. Mesosome
long and ending in four pairs of leaflets, larger towards apex.
Pupa - The tube is characteristic with the distal margin having a median
incision which nearly divides it in two ; the anterior margin is sinuously curved,
with a small rounded projection on posterior margin excised on the anterior one ;
segment VIII wit.h hair A short, thick and simple.
Larva - (fig. 169). Head ; Antenna weakly spiculose, tuft 11 very large and
on basal third, two thirds the length of antenna, pennate, the apex branched ;
sabers long, smooth, the apex of ventral saber fimbriate, the cone ramified ; hair 2
slightly shorter than 3 with many dichotomized branches beyond the middle and
fan shaped ; 3 long, simple ; clypeal index 3,5 ; hair 4 small and branched.
Fig.
168.
An~pb&~
Mesosome
Caribbean
(Arriballagia)
and
lobes
of
Region,
figs.
p~n~ti~nac~la
claspette.
118-119).
Dyar
(Based
& Knab,
1906.
Male
genitalia.
1942,
An.
of the
on Komp,
_-___
,Yn-e
\
._a
..m
UI
II
169.
Fix.
169.
Anoph&-s
hairr
and
taribheau
(Arribalzsgia)
punctimacula
prothoracic
group
1 to 3.
Region,
figs. 70 and 71).
li0.
Dyar
L Knab.
1906.
TAITR.
(Based
on Kemp,
1942,
.\n.
Cl?~~:ll
ot III<,
.I
II
s I
T, I
211
of A. puncfinzaczda enlarged 250 times, in which the dorsal frills arc continuous
from one end to the other on each side, with a distinct space between them. Figures
3 and 5 are photomicrographs of eggs laid by the same mosquito, but in figure 3
the dorsal frills are interrupted near one end and in figure 5 the frills are confined
to the poles only. Ova in which the frills are confined to the ends of the egg we
Such eggs
have designated as type B, as shown in figures 4 and 5 on plate III.
are like what Lawlor called his unusual type of egg6 of il. punctipennis. These
also resemble the winter eggs of Hurlbut.
Type locality - Panama,
Colon. Type in U. S. ;?j. M.
Distribution Mexico : Panama
: Venezuela
: Ecuador : Trinidad
:
British
Honduras:
Guatemala:
Costa
Rica and Brad.
Anopheles
1906
Atzopheles
1908
Dyar
1917
Howard,
Root,
& Knab,
Smiths..
Dyar
Am.
1924
Bonne,
1925
Dyar
1928
Dyar,
1938
Gabaldon,
1939
Kumm
Med.
Mos.
Am.,
Pub.
Ins.
Div.
1940 Kumm
20
& al.,
1943
Galvis,
Rev.
Fat.
1943
Kumm
1943
Downs
& al.,
1943
Rll.ssell
8: al.,
1946
Cova-Garcia,
1950
Vargus
ayn.
1923
Hlth.,
J.
Boeot&
136.
59.
8: a!.,
Nat.
Mnl.
Sot.,
An.
San.
.\m.
J.
& Palacios,
Ind.
Est.
macdipes
:
23
of the
1
89
Tax.
Dyer
Sal. Pub.
22 : 1940 Kumm
1941 Kumm
& Ram.,
id.,
y Prot.
Ser.
J. Tro~~
21 : 660.
id.,
106.
144.
22.
374.
2 : 29.
Trop.
Ins.,
Sot.,
36.
Panam.,
Malariolo~y,
Ver.
1939 Kumm
y Prot.
21 : 93;
12
Med.,
to the
438
1941 Rozeboom,
Trap.
Conf.
J.
Key?
XII
(in Boyd),
152.
Puh.
Bul.
Med.,
Am.
Anopheles
id.,
90
Ins.
Kon.
Kumm,
Sci.,
As. Adv.
Nat.
Kuyp,
:
19
Sal.
Mal.,
Am.
Lane
Med.,
Div.
Komp,
1950
19
52
& Soto,
1941
Komp,
1949
Iss.,
620.
12
Pub.
1941
1949 Castellanos
48
J. Trop.
1942
al.,
Wash.,
4 : 995.
Mens.,
Ma].,
Am.
408
Sot.
&uar.
463.
Gabaldon
Biol.
Dyar
275.
v. Gen.,
Ins.
apicimacula
Coils.,
IMon.,
T:jd.
& Ruis,
Proc.
Misc.
& Knab,
J. Hyp.,
& Tovor,
Med.,
1940
Dyar
& Knab,
1923
map
(Arribalzagia)
Med.,
: 405.
. 61 et
An.
World,
29
31.
45,
96,
137.
34.
seq.
Mbxico,
(nrc
99.
Theobnld),
Ins.
Ins.
Alens.,
13
192.
Female - Proboscis longer than fore femur, dark, labellum lighter. Palpus
with erect, dark scales except on joints of segments and apex where there are
white ones. Occiput with dark, forked scales, on vertex they are white and mixed
with slender ones, setae whitish on vertex, the oculars blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with brown setae and dark brown scales, a
few white ones below. Mesonotum with grayish integument, pruinose except for
dark dots and three large dark brown spots ; acrostichal and dorsocent,ral setae
light, sparsely covered with golden hairs, tuft on anterior promontory white with
dark scales on the sides. Scutellum with a darker median spot in continuation to
the prescutellar one, marginal setae long. Pleura with lighter spots.
Legs dark brown, the femora, tibiae and tarsi I peppered with white spots.
Fore tarsi with a spot on II two on III, IV and V dark. Mid tarsi with two spots
on II, III and IV with a single one, V dark. Hind tarsi with three white spots
01 II and III, IV and V with two spots.
Wing w&h broad and narrow scales intermixed (fig. 171). Halterc with the
stem lighter than knob. Knob densely covered with white scales.
Abdomen brown, with lighter hairs, the poster0 lateral tufts with dark brobvn
scales and from II to VIII ; cerci with dark brown scales.
,iNOPHELINI
212
__.__~~
Fig. 171.
p_-__L_____-.
Wing.
(Based
Male Komp (1942) : - (fig. 172). Side piece rather slender, scarcely
tapering, with scales and setae on outer aspect. Two parabasal spines present ;
the outer slender, tapering, the inner arising from a tubercle on a low conical offset,
thick, with abruptly bent tip. Internal spines on ventral aspect, about two-thirds
the distance from base to tip of side piece ; very long, with slender curved tip.
Clasper about as long as side piece, slender, regularly curved, slightly expanded
just before apex, with a small apically inserted terminal spine. Mesosome moderate,
curved dorsally, incompletely, rather wide in proportion to its length ; leaflets
variable in number, usually eight (four pairs) ; all of the same general shape, regularly decreasing in size, largest slightly more than three times the length of the
smallest. Basal plates large, triangular, without ventral projections.
Claspette
lobes of two parts, outer and inner lobes. Outer lobes basally sclerotixed, bearing
at apex three long, flattened, round tipped club-shaped spines, nearly equal in
length, and nearly as long as the chitinized base. Inner lobes conical much longer
than outer, their apices extending to tip of club-shaped spines, lobes very hairy,
Fig. 172.
Anopheles
(Arribaleagia)
apicimacula
Dyar & Knab, 1906. Male genitalia.
_Mesosomeand lobes of claspettes. (Rased on Komp, 1942, An. of the Caribbean Region, figs. 120 and 121).
_ ~__ ___.
__
I H
_~._
I, I K
_-__.
._~
213
with many short setae from papillate base ; apices with three or four very long
slender setae from large bases, one of the setae usually much longer and stronger
than the other. Ninth tergite centrally narrow, with moderate roundtiped lateral
processes ; lateral expanded portions lightly sclerotized, finely pilose. Anal lobe
low, rounded, rugose, covered with microtrichia, paraprocts weak, erect, with
sparse pilosity.
Pupa - The pupal breat,hing trumpets are characteristic in this species, as
pointed out by Curry. When viewed from above, the distal margin is seen to be
deeply cleft, forming two lobes. The outer posterior angle is produced into a triangular pointed flap, curving upward. Sometimes t,his upturned flap is rounded instead of pointed. A. intermdius of South America has a similar pupal trumpet.
Larva - (fig. 173) Head. Anterior internal clypeal hairs long, slender, simple ;
set close together, with hardly room between for another basal tubercle. Hairs 3
about half as long as inner ; simple, widely separated from 2. Hairs 4 short, simple,
sometimes branches set in line and behind outer clypeals. Hair 8 rather long,
laterally branched, set well inside suture. Hair 9 long, branched, set anterior to
8 close to suture. Antenna usually light yellow in color ; the shaft weakly spined
towards tip, but with a patch of coarse spines on the dorso-interior aspect, near
I he tuft ; tuft moderate, branched or feathered, inserted abouth one-third the distance from base to tip. Sabres long, the dorsal one smooth, pointed, the ventral
with flattened, minutely fimbriate tip, cone moderate ; finger small. Terminal
hair not exceeding the sabres, usually bifid or trifid.
Thorax : Hairs 1, 2 and 3 of prothorax not arising from a common chitinized
base. Hair 1 about half the length of 2, feathered along shaft ; 2 long, strong,
feathered along shaft ; 3 simple, short. Mesothoracic dorsal hair strong, long, shaft
moderately thickened, much feathered, arising from a small chitinized tubercle.
Small dorso-lateral hair about one-third the length of the large dorsal hair, the
Fig. 173. -
Anopheles
(Arrihalzagia)
apicimacula
li4.
is.
Fiq.
li4.
Anopheles
(Arribaleagia)
Kumm,
1941,
Am. J.
Fig.
178.
Anopheles
(Arribalzagia)
neomacnlipalpns
Kumm,
1941,
Am. J. Trop.
Med.,
21:
pl.
Fig.
180.
Anopbeles
(ArribaIeagin)
apicimacola
I)yw
Trop.
Med.,
21:
pl.
intrrmrdius
&
3).
Knah,
Curry.
4).
(Chsgb~,
1908)
1906.
193::.
Egg.
Egg.
(Based
(Based
on
on
21 .j
Anopheles
1933
Curry,
lroc.
1933
Shannon,
19%
Gahaldon,
1939
Kumm
Sot.
1940
map
Sot.
Mal.,
Ruiz,
Am.
1940
& al.,
Pub.
As. Adv.
Ins.
Fat.
1943 Galvis,
Rev.
Downs
8: al., J.
1943
Russell
& al.,
1946
Cow-Garcin,
XII
1947
Deane
Rev.
8: al.,
Cartellanos
Vargas
1950
Lane
& al.,
8: Soto,
id.,
Ma].,
90
Am.
Pxlacios,
Est.
1942
An.
San.
Esp.
J.
Malariology,
12
2 :
Pub.,
Mrd.,
Mos.
1 :
B: al., Aiezn.
Snu.
Pub.
Ilot.
191-l Iiwu~n,
Nat.
Inst.
lllth.,
id.,
21
Bul.
93.
179
: 39,10-1,
14.5.
75.
20.
of the
Sau.
1939 Kwnm
29.
Panarn.,
Trap.
Tax.
Kornp,
Trop.,
Sot.,
438
22.
20
Bopot&,
to the
Ser.
:
:
: 36.
: 410 ;
Med.,
Mal.
Conf.
1
19
1 Enf.
Med.,
Nat.
Keys
(in Boyd),
Sci.,
Sal.
1943
1949
Div.
1933.
33 :, 135.
Med.,
J. Trop.
645.
Caracas,
J. Trop.
Curry,
neomaculipalpus
13
Wash.,
Kumrn
.kn.
Rev.
1950
Hyg..
Div.
Am.
1942 Varpns,
J.
Ent.
& al.,
h-only,
rim.
Pub.
7
Gabaldon
1940 Kumm
1941
(Arribalzagia)
Anopheka
: Venezuela
Rica.
World,
1
:
1
29
Mfiuico,
33.
48, 97,
:
:
324,
139.
342.
34.
105.
405.
Fig.
175.
Anopheles
Komp,
An.
(Arribalzagia)
Mos. of the
neomaculipalpus
Caribbean
Region,
Cnrr~-,
1933.
fig.
33).
Wing.
(Based on
Male - (fig. 176). Basist4yle with two parabasal spines inserted at, same level,
one shorter and curved at apex, the other straight ; internal spine inserted at base
of apical third, long, straight, pointed. Dististyle slight,ly longer t.han basistyle,
the claw terminal and short. Mesosome long, slender with a broad leaf on each
side and three long, pointed shorter ones below it. Claspettes with t,hrec flattened,
216
- _--_
_-
-.___
-_
appressed, long leaflets which are blunt, at apex ; inner lobe pilose, conical and
with two differentiated setae at apex, the external longer than the internal and
inserted in a prominent tubercle.
Pupa - Integument unicolorous. Tube quadrate, cleft nearly in two equal
portions, serrate on margins, spiculose. Cephalothorax with short hairs.
Abdomen (segments I-III
not, seen). Hair A spine like and ending in a very
alender filament in some segments and from III to VIII.
B double or triple and
as long as segment in IV-VII.
B. 1 as long as segment and double in IV and V,
simple in VI and VII.
Paddle one and a half times the length of segment VIII,
t,he terminal hair divided into five or six branches, sclerotized on the side and hairy
at apex.
I
177.
176.
Fig.
176.
Anopheles
(Arribalaagia)
neomacalipalpus
Curry,
1935.
Mfble
genitalia.
Larva.
Clypeal
hairs and prothoracic group. (Both based on Komp,
An. of the Caribbwn Region, figs., 73, 74. 123 and 124).
1942,
Larva - (fig. 177). Head with unicolorous integument. Hair 2 long and simple ; 3 less than half the length of 2, divided at apex in two or three branches ;
4 small and simple ; 5, 6 and 7 long and feathered ; 8 small and branched at apex ;
9 like 8 but smaller ; 13 small and branched ; 14 small and simple. Antenna spiculose, hair 11 below middle, long and divided in three or four branches ; hairs
10 simple.
Thorax nude. Prothorax with tuft 1 small and dichotomized at apex, 2 long
and branched, 3 small and simple.
Abdomen : Hairs 6 and 7 of segments I and II long, strong and feathered,
6 of III as in II, in IV and V long and simple ; palmate hairs 1 present on segments
I-VII.
Dorsal plate spiculose on sides posteriorly, the seta long and simple. Spiracular hairs small and branched.
Egg - Kumm (1941) makes the following observations : - (fig. 178). The
egg has lateral floats in prolongation to both ends, so that the total length of the
egg and the length of the floats is the same.
Type locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Panama
: Costa Rica : Mexico : Colombia : Venezuela
:
Trinidad
: Tobago
(B. W. I.).
Note This species suffers the same variations as A. punctimacula with
regards to the female.
Anopheles
1908
1911
1916
1924
(Arribalzagia)
intermedius
(Chagas, 1908).
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
& Bonne-Wepster,
Am.,
Mem.
Ins.
1929
Lima,
1930
Shannon,
1940
Ramos
An.
Moa.
0.
Cruz,
Sot.
Pub.
Serv.
& Ramos,
Ar.
1942
Galvao
& al.,
Ar.
Hig.,
1943
Russell
& al.,
Keys
to the
1943 Causry
& al.,
Am.
J. Hyg.,
1944 Corr&a
1947
& al.,
Ramos,
1947 Coutinho,
1947
Floch
1948
GiglioIi,
Mos.
Lane
1950
Kuyp,
syn.
1924
Ar.
Kon.
12
Hig.
Ins.
Contr.
Hig.
Ver.
I_ I
217
527.
Prof.
56
An.
Ind.
39
1943
Br.
89
Coutinho
Pub.,
Pub.,
Ent.
Sor.
117.
Wash.,
33
10.
& al.,
id.,
13
46.
:
:
134.
300,
324,
342,
363.
54.
Guyane,
Guiana,
14 :
Iroc.
: 7.
7 : 38.
2.
Sau.
Pub.,
Ins.,
var.
1931 Shannon,
14
of the World,
Pasteur
& Sau.
Pub.,
(Thesis),
Serv.,
281.
Mal.,
& Sau.
Malariology,
punctimacula
487
& Sau.
12
23
Esp.
S. Paulo,
(in Boyd),
A.
Hig.
Serv.
& Abonnenc,
1949 Corr&a,
1949
Ar.
Rev.
Univ.
P 11 E
Sur..
Supl.
Am.,
1942 Co&a
Deane
463.
Ent.
& Unti,
3.
79.
: 405.
: 61 et
inter-me&us
144
37.
seq.
Christophers,
Ind.
Med.
Res.
Mem.,
35.
Female - Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, dark, labellum lighter.
Palpus dark brown, scales dark except at base of segments II-IV and a few on II
and III which are white. Antenna with brown torus and sparse white scales ; flagellum with a few white scales on segment I. Occiput with brown forked scales
except on the ocular margin and anteriorly on vertex where they are yellowish
and mixed with long, slender ones and setae of this color ; oculars blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown, the setae yellowish, the scales whitish. Mesonotum with whitish integument, pruinose, peppered with dots of various sizes
and with three large spots, two of them median, the third extending to the prescutellar area and reaching the scutellum ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar
setae yellowish ; disk sparsely covered with yellowish scales which are slender
and curved. Scutellum white pruinose except for a median spot. Pleura with lighter
areas on sclerites.
Legs : Coxae brown with tufts of white scales mixed with blackish ones. Femora peppered, lighter internally. Tibiae peppered. Basitarsus peppered, the tarsal
joints white ; segments II and III with white spots in the middle.
Wing covered with broad rounded scales (fig. 179). Haltere with brown stem,
the knob blackish and with a dense internal covering of white scales.
Fig.
179.
Anopheles
(Amibalzagia)
intermedins
(Chagas,
1906).
Wing.
Original.
Abdomen light brown, with posterolateral tufts of blackish scales on segments II-VII,
VIII
sparsely covered with yellowish and blackish scales apically.
Sternites II-VII
with lat,eral white scales mixed with dark ones. Cerci with dark
and yellowish scales and yellow hairs.
Lart*a - Characters from Corrka (1949) : - Head with hair 2 having two
or three branches at apes ; hair 3 with long branches from basal half of stem.
Antenna with a spatulate saber.
Prothorax with tuft 2 having five or more branches. Hairs 9-12 with two
or more branches.
Abdomen with hair 6 of segment IV simple.
Egg Causey, Deane & Deane (1944) give the following characters : (fig. 181). Floats present, paired, dorso lateral. Frills absent or continuous with
floats. Esochorion with pattern which is hexagonal. Float ridge without filamentous tips, frills present. Floats not fused ant.erior1-y and narrow.
Striation on
frill oblique.
Fig.
1Pl.
Anopbeles
(Arribalzagia)
Causey,
Deane
8; Deane,
intermedius
1943, Rev.
(Chagas,
Serv.
Esp.
1908).
Egg.
Sau. Pub.,
1:
(Based
est. 3).
ou
Anopheles
1903
Arribalzagia
1904
Anophdes
3908
Dyar
(Arribalzagia)
Thzobsld,
Bourroul,
Knsb,
.J. N.
Mon.
Cd.,
Mos. Brazil,
Y.
Ent.
maculipes
81.
36.
Soc.,tl4
176.
(Theobald, 1903).
1908
Peryassil,
1918
Dynr,
0s
1919
Petrocchi,
1925
Bonne
1926
Boyd,
t2m.
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
Am.,
1929
Lima,
Mem.
Ins.
1943
Coutinho
1943
Mullin-Disc,
1943
Russell
8: al..
Keys
to the An.
& al.,
Am.
J. Hyg.,
Ins.
Cd.
Ins.
Brazil,
Mens.,
Rev.
Ins.
106.
B.
& Bonne-Wepster,
1944
Causey
1944
Unti
1947
Deane
J. Hyg.,
& al.,
& al.,
1947
Floch
1947
Coutinho,
1949
Lane,
0.
Ar.
Ar.
Rev.
& Abonnenc,
Univ.
(in Boyd),
A.,
hfos.
Mon.
2 : 301 ;
Sur.,
Ser.,
1923
Ietrocchi,
id.,
IO.
319.
35.
12
464.
Corn.
Pr. Ramos,
147.
Bact.
Cruz,
Supl.,
Hig.,
2001.
Ins.
S. Paulo
H.
Pinto,
id.,
23
134.
N.,
Montevideo,
1 :
1.
46.
39 : 2.
Pub.,
Sau.
Pasteur
1
8 : 29;
Pub.,
Guyane,
(The&),
Malarioloey,
1930
o! the World,
& Sau.
Esp.
286
117.
hlus.
Hig.
Ser.
13
1944 Corr&a
& R:nno~,
id.,
: 134.
300.
144
: 4.
54.
403.
Female - Proboscis longer than fore femur, dark, labellum lighter. Palpus
dark brown, joints and apex with white, shaggy scales, sparse white ones on mesial
portion. Antenna with brown torus, dorsally with white scales ; flagellar segment.
I with white scales. Occiput with lighter marginal integument ; covered with
dark brown forked scales and on top and vertex white ones mixed with slender
scales ; setae of vertex yellow, oculars brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with brown sctac and darker scales on top.
Mesonot)um with grayish pruinose integument having dark dots and three large
brown spots ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae yellowish ; covered
with yellowish hairs and a few white scales on anterior tuft and sides. Scutellurn
with median spots in continuation to the prescutellar, the sides lighter ; a few
small setae and scales besides the marginal row. Pleura with lighter areas and
white scales on sternopleura.
Legs : Coxae brown with tufts of white scales. Femora, tibiae and basitarsi
peppered wit,h white. Fore tarsi with white joints from segments II-IV.
Mid tarsi
with white joints and median white spots on II and III.
Hind tarsi with white on
joints, II and III with one or two median spots, V white at apex.
Wing with narrow scales predominating (fig. 182). Haltert
with whitish
stem and blackish knob ; internally covered with white scales.
Abdomen brown, covered with lighter hairs and with posterolateral tufts of
dark scales on segments II-VII.
Sternites with sparse white scales from segment III.
Male - Palpus with the last two segments peppered with white spom and
with long golden hairs. Antenna densely plumosc, three fourths the length of proboscis.
Genitalia : Lima (1929) : - (fig. 183). OS dois foliolos apicais grandes, do
tamanho ou um pouco maiores que a pinceta. Apenas OS dois grandes foliolos
apicaes, ou estes acompanhados de cerdas quasi imperceptiveis.
Pupa - (Fig. 184). Costa Lima illustrates the terminal segments and paddles.
The paddles have the apical fringe quite long.
Larva Head : Hair 2 with vestigial feathering ; 3 branched before the
middle. Antenna with hair 11 more than half as long as antenna ; ventral saber
spatulate.
Hairs 5-7 feathered.
Thorax : Prothoracic dorsal anterior hairs of group 9-12 in two or three
branches ; hair 1 single or bifid.
Abdomen : Hair 1 with edges of the leaflets serrate ; hair 2 of segments IV
and V bifid or trifid ; hair 6 of IV-V single and unbranched. Pecten with regular
alternation of one long and one short, tooth.
Egg - (fig. 185). Causey, Deane & Deane (1944) separate this species from
A. intermedius based on the frill striation which is at right angles in this species.
l?~pe
localitzJ - Bras&
State of S. Paulo. Type in B. M.
220
182.
185
184.
183.
Fig.
182.
Anopheles
Fig.
183.
Male
(Arribalzagia)
maeulipes
Theobald,
1903.
Wing.
Fig.
184.
Pupa.
Fig.
185.
Egg.
(Based
on Costa Lima,
Supl.
Mem.
Ins.
0. Cruz,
12
36;
figure
of egg from
Causey,
Deane
and Deane,
1943,
Say. Pub.,
1: est. 2).
genitalia.
Terminal
Distribution
abdominal
Trinidad
segments,
Panama
dorsal.
Cuba
Venezuela
Anopheles
(Arribalzagia)
1903
Cycloleppteron
1904
Bourroul,
Mos.
1906
Anopheles
Dyar
1908
Peryassfi,
OS Cul.
1916
Neivn
1917
Anopldes
1918
Dyar,
1923
Bonne,
Theobald,
Brazil,
Ins.
Ins.
Tijd.
Mem.
Bonne
Root
1927
Shannon
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
Am.,
1929
Lima,
Mem.
Ins.
1930
Bonne,
1930
Shannon
10
& Del
Tijd.
46
1938
Kumm
1938
Gabaldon,
1942
Komp,
& Novis,
& al.,
1943
Galvis,
Rev.
1943
Del
Ponte,
1943 Downs
& al.,
& al.,
J.
1923
176.
4 : 993.
Bonne-Wepster
& Bonne,
id.,
11
: 127.
115.
Sur.,
538.
Mon.
Ins.
Sup].,
Ser.,
Bact.
B.
280.
25
A.,
; 1927
: 50.
Root,
Am.
J. Hyg.,
601.
Sot.
Med.,
12
Bact.
Nat.
Mal.
487
35
23
;
:
503.
1
179 :
60,
:
106,
147.
56.
Bogota,
Ins.
27
Caracas,
Bul.
Wash.,
Am.,
Sot.
J. Hyg.,
Hig.,
12
118.
Ent.
Mal.,
Hlth.,
Keys
115,
Ent.
Proc.
Am.
Fat.
1943
46
An.
Ar.
Rev.
14
8 : 95.
Mon.,
Mos.
Cruz,
Div.
Ins.
1942 Galvgo
Sot.,
461.
0.
Shannon,
Nat.
Ent.
Cruz,
147
Rev.
v. Ent.,
Pub.
0.
J. Hyg.,
Ponte,
& Davis,
1933
Russel
:
:
Am.
Y.
& Knab,
& Bonne-Wepster,
(in Boyd),
Ins.
v. Ent.,
1925
N.
80.
Dyar
Mens.,
1926
J.
Brazil,
Howard,
3 : 60.
36.
& Knab,
& Penna,
Cul.,
Bra&l,
States
: Uruguay :
(Theobald, 1903).
rnediopunctatus
Mon.
3, 27 and
Serv.
Esp.
figs.
Rev.
B.
12
A.,
Sot.,
to the An.
24.
11 : 489.
2
: 29.
of the World,
47.
1931 Shannon,
120.
Proc.
Ent.
Sot.
Wash.,
33:
221
ASOPHELINI
-__
_ __
_.._
1943 Russell
& al.,
Keys
1944
Causey
& al.,
Am.
3944
Corr@a
& Ramos,
to the An.
J.
Ar.
Hyg.,
Hig.
1946 Cova-Garcia,
XII
Conf.
1947
Rev.
Esp.
Deane
& al.,
Sau.
World,
Pub.,
Panam.,
Pub.,
Floch
1948
Giglioli,
1949
Lane
1950
Kuyp,
Ii-on.
dyn.
1923
Anopheles
1924
A.
rockefelleri
1927
A.
nigtitarsis
Prado,
Rev.
Biol.
A.
rockefelleri
Boyd,
Am.
J. Hyg.,
1927
S. Paul0
Contr.
(in Boyd),
Ver.
s.vn.1939
Anopheles
1940
Anopheles
1944
39
Ind.
Br.
:
89 :
Christophers,
134.
144
(Shannoniezia)
136.
342, 363.
4.
37.
61 et seq.
A Fl.
Ind.
Med.,
Res.
Hyg.,
Mon.
Mem.,
costalimai
68.
33.
87.
Ser.,
101,
324,
405.
Peryassfi,
(Shannoniella)
51,
55.
Guiana,
1
Inst.,
rockefelleri
1943 Anopheles
Crux,
Serv.
Guyane,
(Thesis),
Malariology,
301,
Coutinho,
Mos.
Pasteur
1947
Univ.
47.
2.
& Sau.
San.
Ins.
1947
var.
& Abonnenc,
of the
39
: 40.
& Ramos,
& Ramos
Fonseca
&
Mem.
(emend.),
Ramos
(in
Ins. Butantan,
Rev.
Ent.,
Coutinho),
13
:384.
11 : 966.
Mem.
Ins.
0.
425.
Anopheles
(8.)
costalimui
Corrda
1947 Anopheles
(8.)
costalimui
Coutinho,
Ramos,
Univ.
Ar.
S. Paulo,
134.
55.
Female - Head : Proboscis blackish, as long as fore femur, the basal scales
erect, labellum the color of proboscis. Palpus blackish, scales erect, a few white
ones on joints and at apex. Antenna with brown torus, a few white scales dorsally ; flagellum with white scales on segment I. Occiput with whitish margin,
covered with brown, forked scales except anteriorly and on vertex where they are
white and mixed with long proclinate ones which surpass the first flagellar
segment, setae of vertex whitish, oculars dark brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown, setae of this color and with white scales.
Mesonotum whitish pruinose, peppered with dark dots and with three large spots ;
covered with narrow, golden and rounded white scales on the sides ; acrostichal,
dorsocentral and supralar setae light brown. Scutellum with a mid spot in continuation to the prescutellar one, small golden hairs besides the marginal row of setae.
Postnotum blackish, lighter on the sides. Pleura blackish with lighter areas and
with white scales on posterior pronotum, sternopleura and mesepimeron.
Fig.
186.
Anophcles
(Arribalgaeia)
mediopunctatus
(Theobald,
1903).
Wing.
Original.
Legs : Fore and mid coxae dark brown, hind ones lighter, covered with white
scales. Femora lighter internally, peppered with white. Tibiae with more numerous
white spots than femora. Tarsi I peppered with white, the median with less spots
and the hind one with more white than dark. Fore tarsi with segments II-IV
peppered with white, V whitish. Mid tarsi white on joints of II and III, IV dark,
V whitish. Hind tarsi with I peppered, II blackish with several white spots, III
white at base and extensively so at apes, IV white with a single (or two) black
spots, 1 white.
Wing with broad white and blackish scales (fig. 186). Sixth vein with white
or dark scales predominating.
Abdomen blackish, with poster0 lateral tufts on segments II-VII.
Tergites
covered with light brown hairs, VI and VII with a few white scales, VIII with
white scales in larger number and intermixed with dark ones. Sternites covered
from tergite I, chiefly with white scales, some dark ones at apex. Cerci with dark
brown scales.
M&
- Antenna strongly plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 187). Basistyle with a short, basal seta inserted on a sclerotized base, a supplementary seta on side ; internal seta longer and slenderer than
t,he basal one ; near apex a very long, slender seta. Inner lobe of claspette setose
except internally where it is nearly nude, with a long sinuous seta at apes, a smaller
sinuous one below it followed by yet another short, spatulate set,a ; out,er lobe
ending in a characteristic, differentiated seta, followed by another similar one.
Mesosome elongate, tubular with an apical pair of leaflets which are broad and
pilose on internal basal margin to nearly the middle. Ninth tergite with two long
tapering, slender filaments.
Fiz.
185.
Anopheles
(Arrihalzagia)
Free
drawing.
hand
mediopunctntns
(Theohald,
1903).
l\lale genitalia.
Original.
.\
II
l-z I.
a r,
d-3
189.
188.
Fig.
188.
Anopheles
hairs.
Fig.
189.
(Arribalaagia)
(Based
Egg.
(Based
est. 2).
on
Coutinho,
mcdiopunctatus
1943,
Blem.
on
Causey,
Deane
&
Ikane,
(Theobald,
Ins. 0. Cruz,
1947,
1903).
Larva.
39:
431,
fig.
Serv.
Esp.
Sau.
Clypeal
6).
Pub..
1:
Anopheles
1927
Anopheles
Root,
1928 Dyar,
Mos.
1929 Lima,
Mem.
1933 Shannon,
1942
&
0.
Ent.
Ramos,
Ar.
1943
Russell
& al.,
Keys
1944 Cnusey
&c al.,
-4m.
1944 Co&a
Cir.
1947 Deane
& al.,
(in Boy;l),
syn.
Anopheles
Root, 1927.
fluminensis
602.
Supl.
12
Sot.
Wash.,
35
Hig.
Exp.,
for
J.
Ar.
&
7
the An.
Hyg.,
39
: 285 ;
: 120.
Sau.
of the
& Sau.
Pub.,
(Thesis),
53.
Esp.
Sau.
(A.)
hdmbergi
Pub.,
1
Pinto,
id.,
23
154.
38.
Del
World,
45.
2.
Hip.
tialariology,
Pub.,
1930
133.
S. Paulo,
Rev.
1949 Lane
1945
Clin.
& Ramos,
Univ.
Hyg.,
Crue,
Ar.
1943 Grieco,
1947 Coutinho,
J.
? Type in B. &I.
: Ecuador
: Guianas
484.
Ins.
Proc.
Corr&s
(Arribalzagia)
Am.
Am.,
1 :
133.
297,
300,
324,
342.
405.
Ponte
$ Heredia,
Rev.
Sot.
Ent.
Arg.,
12:
382.
Fig.
190.
Anophdev
(Arribnlzagia)
fluminensis
Root,
1927.
Wing.
Original.
225
ANOPHELINI
Genitalia : (fig. 191). Basistyle with two parabasal spines and an internal
spine also. Dorsal lobes of claspette with two long sctae. Mesosome with five pairs
of leaflets, the margins of leaflets smooth, the upper one long and broad, evenly
sclerotized, the others gradually diminishing in size.
Fig.
191.
Anopheles
(Arribalzagia)
fluminensis
Am. J. Hyg.,
Boot,
3927.
Male
genitalia.
Xcsosome.
Egg. (Based on Causey, Deane & Deane, 1347, R,ev. SCIT. Esp. San. Pub.,
1: est. 2).
Pupa - Root (1927) : - In the pupae, on the other hand, the breathing
trumpets of some species, at least, show characteristic and peculiar {modifications.
In my pupal skins of jl~~~inensis, the breathing trumpets arc, different from those
of the other Brazilian species, .being most like those of pserldornaclllipcs, and decidedly differwitS from those of znferrrreclills and mediopunctnt~ts.
-1 r\T 0 P H E L I r\ I
22G
Lurz~n It may be worth noting that while the ArribaZzagia larvae are
readily distinguishable, as a group, bay the form of the outer pair of clvpeal hairs,
it is verv difficult to find any distinctive character for differentiating the larvae
of the different species.
Egg Deane, Causey & Deane (1947) : (fig. 192). LOvos
levemente
ccincavos na face dorsal ; flutuadores compridos e quase paralelos em sua margem
dorsal ; ourela larga e ngo sinuosa, limitando uma faixa longitudinal larga, truncada
nas extremidades ; superficic corn desenho reticulado hexagonal, esc@to na Area
limitada pela ourela.
lype locality - Brasil,
State of Rio de Janeiro, Itaperuna. Type in U.S.K.M.
Distribution - Brasil,
States of Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo, CearB, Bahia, and
GoiAz : Peru, Iquitos.
Subgenus MYZORHYNCHELLA
Theobald,
Mon.
Cul., 4 : 23. Type
1907
Myzorhynchella
1941
Galvfio,
Ar.
2001.
E.
S. Iaulo,
2 :
502.
Theobald, 1907.
M.
nipa.
Key
for
the
species
of
MYZORHYNCEIELL
i.
**
Adult.
J$ing with 3rd. vein black, with two small white spots in the
middle and two at apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lutzi
2. Third longitudinal vein whit)e with three black spots . . . . parvz~s
This vein with two sub-terminal black spots . . . . , . . . . antunesi
Male
genitalia.
1941, ,Ir.
Zool.
S. Paulo, 2
Anopheles
1101
-4nopheles
Cr~le,
1904
Pyrftophows
1237
Thcobalti,
1907
Myzc~~~ynci~r/!n
l!KI8
Irrpssti,
(3Iyzorhynchella)
Braz.
hlcd.,
nourroul,
AIOll.
1909
Neivs,
1917
dnophelea
1921
Myzorhynchflla
Rlos.
Cd.,
Cheqts,
OS Cul.
&fern.
Ins.
0.
1923
(Nyssorhynchus)
Anopheles
1926
Myzo,hqnchella
1928
D>-ar,
Mos.
36, 64.
EF~.
Cruz,
Cd.
Am.,
Rla~il,
Kac.,
23
278.
Am.
Mus.
.J. Hrg.,
Sm.
J.
RIos.
Hyg.,
1930
Pinto,
Shannon,
1937
Ramos,
1938
(Nyssorhynclius)
12:
Xlem.
531.
1927
tNyssorhync}~us)
Root,
id.,
7 :
599.
422.
In<.
PIO~.
.Ir.
0.
Cruz.
Ent.
Hig.
Sot.
23
Supl.
Mem.
Ins.
0.
1931
Pinto,
Rev.
Lied.
1.54 ;
Wash.,
& Sau.
GalvZo,
(Myzo,.hyncheZTo)
et al.,
Galvdo,
Pub.,
Rev.
Ieryassfi,
Ar.
Dep.
Air. Zool.
I!+41 CorrFa
& Hamoq,
1943
Grieco.
AI.
cluz,
3 :
93 :
1929
Lima,
irl.,
Cir.
Bmz.,
40
29.
: 49.
33
215.
Biol.
& al.,
Cir.
E.
S.
Ar.
Hig.
Exp.,
51 ; 1940 GalrRo
21
31.
I-Ivz.,
Russell
Unti
Keys
1947
Coutinho,
1950
l.ane,
(in BoJ-d),
q-:1.
1907
it&/rorhjjnchda
1913
iZ?rophP/es alhifnrsis
I:
Ar.
Vniv.
Med.,
Sau.
R.
& Sau.
& Amaral,
Eol.
Clin.
et Blol.
Pub.,
21.
38, 321.
Malariolo,p,
World,
Puh.,
Thesis,
niqra
do Sul.,
321.
of the
& San.
S. Paula,
Gde.
133.
to the An.
Hir.
Pau!o,
1943
& Ramos,
A Fl.
Est.
1944
1928
158.
1940 Pinto
1941
Sul.,
52
275.
1933
1940
: 971.
: 2.7.
Mon..
Ar.
3.
: 73.
& linnb,
I% Bonne-lVep.,ter,
Root
190 1.
Crux,
40.
Dyar
Root.
Sonnr
Brnz.,
Nov.
lerynssti,
1925
lutzi
423.
: 80.
Brazil,
Howard.
13 :
Theobald,
(pro parte,
29
46.
1944 Corren
& Ranlo;,
id.,
132.
52.
404.
Mon.
Cul.,
ner Arribalzirra~,
78
Ii:~nb,
1910 Theobald,
Am.
id.,
J. T~oJ). Diq.
46.
& Prev.
nlr(l.,
35.
Anopheles
(Nyssorl~yr~chusi
gmrnni
Shannon
(in D~nr),
Mos.
Am.,
441.
Female - Proboscis slightly longer than length of fore femur, dark brown,
labellum brown. Palpus covered with blackish, erect scales ; segments I to IV
with white scales at apex, more extensive on IV. Antenna with dark brown torus ;
flagcllnr segment I with a few white scales, all of them with whitish pilosity.
Occiput with dark brown, forked scales intermixed with white ones, at vertex
there are long white scales and setae forming a tuft ; ocular setae blackish.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with blackish setae and scales, a few white
ones present also. Mesonotum with dark brown integument, lighter on the sides
and with a blackish longitudinal stripe : sparselv covered with white scales, the
acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae brown. Scutellum darker in the middle,
the marginal setac long and bearing white scales. Postnotum dark brown. Pleura
blackish with lighter margins on scleritcs and white scales on sternoplcura and
mcsepimeron.
Legs : Cosae brown, the posterior one lighter, covered with tufts of white
scales. Fcmora with a white basal ring and another beyond base, internallv whitish
as well as at apex and with a preapical external white spot on mid and lcind ones.
Tibiae dark, internally and on apes whitish, with whitish scales dorsally. Fore
and mid tarsi dark, the apes white ; tarsus I whitish internally.
Hind tarsi with
an apical white ring on I, II with the apical two fitfhs white, other segments white.
Vying with narrow scales (fig. 193). Haltere with whitish stem and blackish
knob.
193.
Fig.
193.
Anophelee
-1~. Zool.,
Fig.
195.
Pupa.
195.
(Myzorhynchelln)
2: pl. 3, fig. 7).
(Based
on
Galviio,
lutzi
1941,
Cruz,
ar.
1901.
Zool.,
2:
Wing.
pl.
(Eased
on
GalvBo,
5).
Abdomen with dark brown integument, covered with hairs of this color ;
the last, sternite with a few white scales ; cerci
,
with blackish scales
J/ale - Genitalia : (fig. 194). Uasistyle with black scales on external surface
and white ones on the internal one ; basal seta inserted on a pedicelate tuberclc,
flattened, the apex rounded and curved ; parabasal setac very close toglther and
inserted on small tubercles near the middle of basisty*lc, they are flattened, straight
and pointed ; internal scta slender and pointed ; anal lobe pilose and strongly
sclcrotizcd on the sides. ilIesosome broad, with a pair of thick leaflets and numerous
teeth. Claspette with two apical leaflets and a flattenel seta which is broad and
subapical, one of the leaflets is very broad at base. Lobes of clsqxttcs high, striate,
mesiall,y fused, expanded at base and smooth.
Pupa - Tube (fig. 195). Abdomen with hairs S. T and U of segment I dcveloped ; C and B developed only from segment III onwards ; hair A vestigial on
segment II, devclopel on III-YIII,
on TII not longer than half the length of segment. Paddle oval, the midrib indistinct and not, reaching the apical hair which is
strong and short. Subapical hair small and biramous, external margin of paddle
serrate and formed by small sipines on apical external third, the rest smooth.
LCWUU- (fig. 196). Hea 1 : Hairs 2 verv close together, simple (clypeal indes
4/Z) ; 3 slightly shorter than 2 and with vestigial branchlets ; 4 with four or five
slender and short branches ; 8 with four or five branches.
Thorax : Prothorax with hair 1 quite removed, the tuft] formed by small,
slender, filamentous branches ; metathorax with hair 4 in thick, hyaline branches.
Abdomen : IIair 1 present only on segments III, IV and V and hyaline to
such an extent that they are only visible with difficulty at high magnifications ;
on other scgmcnts these hairs are substituted by very fine, filamentous branches ;
0 P IT E I> I S
229
19G.
194.
Fig.
Fig.
194.
196.
Anuphelcs
(Myznrhyzmchella)
Galv50,
1041,
Ar.
Zool.,
2:
lutzi
Cruz,
p. 4, fig.
Lnrrn.
Head,
(A)
Prothoras
(B)
and
on Gal\-50,
1941,
dr.
Zoo]., 2 : 111. G).
1901.
10).
I\Tnle
ahdominnl
genitalia.
segments,
(Based
(C).
on
(Based
hairs 6 and 7 double on wgmcnts I and II, simple in III, in IF to VI they are very
slender and are not inserted on a sclcrotized base, having four to eight branches
except in VI whcrc they have a large number of branchq in VI and \-II they are
very small and with short branches while in 1-I only hair 6 exists and is very short.
Hair 11 is present on srgmtnts III to VIII.
Eqy - (fig. 197). With about 460 micra in length and 160 in greated width.
Floats narrow and with 22-30 divisions. Cephalic structuw minute, terminal and
anterior to floats. Floats united in micllinc of anterior and posterior portions.
into ovate, granulate
Caudal strwturc
abwnt.
Exochorion frw, diffcrcnliutctl
and low r)lwations.
7~ypc locality - Brad,
Stntc of Rio tl~ Janeiro, 13otaniwl Gardens. Type
in I. 0. C.
States of Rio tic Janeiro, S5o Paulo, Minas Gerais,
Dist~i6~fior~ - Brasil,
Bahia, Go&z, Pcrnambuco, Amazonas and Rio Grandc do Sul.
1907
1938
1!)09
1918
1921
192.5
1927
1925
1931
1932
l9lO
-1 S
230
19%
Cova-Garyin.
19-M
Corr&~
R; Rnlnos,
1917
Deane
& al.,
1847
Coutinho,
XII
tollf.
Rrv.
Vniv.
Serv.
Fig.
197.
Fig.
201.-1.
Fig.
203.
Fig.
203.
Anoplnelrs
Jr.
Zool.,
-
Tanon~.,
& %II.
EST,. Sau.
S. Iaulo,
203.
201-A
San.
-11. Hq.
0 I II
ThePi*,
III~)..
lub.,
1 :
E L I N I
43,
94,
117.
; 1944Ullti &
: ZK, 299, 320, 343,
9 : 132
7
: 29.
id.,
on
Galrtio,
363.
52.
197.
(Myzorhynchdla)
2:
filly. 1).
pl. 1I -
RX~IOS.,
203.
lutzi
CYUZ,
1901.
I:gq.
(Eased
((lla~ns
1907).
Ser. Es;>. Sah.
1:nl\-k)
fiq. 3).
Egg.
Pub.,
1
1941,
(Bt1srd
on
(2):
111. 1).
(Cased
.I
;I
0 P
II E L I
031
tudinal stripe of vellom scales on posterior margin ; II blackish, apical fifth white ;
III blackish, apical third white ; IV and V blackish. Uid pair. Goss with a
tuft of white scales and black setae on upper portion and on each lower angle.
Trochanter dark brown with white scales and black sttae ; femur black, peppered
with yellowish scales on anterior margin, a white subapical spot, and narrow white
ring near apex ; tibia black with a longitudinal stripe of yellow scales on each
side not reaching apex which is black with white scales at end ; tarsus I black,
with a broad apical ring and peppered with yellow scales on posterior margin, II
blackish with apical fourth white, III with abical third white : IV and V blackish.
Hind pair ; coxa and trochanter light brown with blackish sctae and a few white
scales ; femur blackish peppered with yellow scales and a white subapical spot on
external margin and a longitudinal yellow stripe which does not, however, reach
the end of internal margin ; apes with white scales ; tibia blackish, peppered with
yellowish scalcs, the apes white ; tarsus I blackish with a few yellow scales and
a nitid apical ring, II with the basal half blackish and the apical one white, segments III to V white.
Wing (fig. 198). Halterc with whitish stem and blackish knob.
~1bdomen blackish, with irregular lighter pattern ; covered with dark setac ;
ccrci with blackish inferoesternal scales and tiuperomtcrnal white ones.
198.
Fig.
Pig.
19s.
200.
200.
Amphcles
(Myzorhyncldla)
C;nlv50,
1941,
Ar.
Zoo].,
(Eased
Pupa.
on
2:
Gnlr%o,
1941,
199.
Anopheles
(Myzorhyncda)
some showing
hook.
(Based
Fig.
201.
Larva.
Zoo].,
Clypeal
~1. 8,
(Chapas,
fig.
_Ir.
Win 0.
v
1907).
(Rnsrd
on
20).
Zool.,
2:
pl. 5).
Pig.
2:
parws
171. 7,
parvus
(Chagas,
1907).
Male
genitalia.
Xesoon Galv5o,
1941,
_Yr. Zool., 2: pl. 8, fig. 21).
hairs
and prothoracic
figs.
22 and 23).
tuft.
(Based
on
Galdo,
1941,
Ar.
232
ASOPIIELINI
third of basistylc ; internal seta slender, long and inserted between the accessory
ones and the apex ; anal lobe conical, strongly sclerotized laterally and covered
with fine pilosity from base nearly to apex. Mesosome strongly sclerotized, the
apex curved and hoo!c like with a pair of short leaflets which are short, pointed
and without teeth. Claspcttes conical, with three leaflets, two apical espanded ones
from base and a subapical one. Lobes of claspette fused on midline, low, rounded,
smooth and slightly expanded basally.
Pzipn - (fig. 200). Abdomen with hairs L and &I much longer than in the
other species of this subgenus ; seta iz present on segment II. Paddle with a very
long, thick, curved apical scta, the external and lower margin fringed with long
hairs, midrib reaching the apical spine.
Larva - (fig. 201). Head : Seta 2 wit,hout branches, close together (clypeal
index 5) ; 3 slightly shorter than 2 and with vestigial branches ; 4 long but, with
vestigial branches ; 8 long, simple on one side and with two branches on the other.
Thorax : Prothorax with hair 1 much wider apart than in A. nryyritarsis,
large, thicker and plumelike ; tuft 1 quite visible ; hair 4 palmate.
abdomen with tuft 1 present on segments I-VII, quite sclerotized, the leaflets
narrow, straight, pointed ; hairs 6 and 7 present on the first two segments, in III
only one is present, in IV, V and VI they are smaller and with five to six branches.
Egg - Described by Causey, Deane and Deane (set fig. 201 A.).
Type locality- Brad,
State of Xinas Gerais, Oliveira. Type in I. 0. C. ?
I1is~~%ution - Brad,
States of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Sgo Paulo,
Mato Groeso, Pernambuco, Bahia, Sergipc, AlagGas, Paraiba and Rio Grande do
Norte.
Anopheles
19-10 Anophclcs
(AIyxorhynchella)
(Myzorhylnchella)
1941
Gdv50,
=Ir.
1943
Russell
& al.,
Zool.
1944
Unti
1947
Coutinho,
1950
Zane
(in
S. Iaulo,
Keys
R- Rnmos,
Univ.
RoycD,
G,zlvBo
dr.
to the
13~~.
S. Inulo,
2 :
An.
Fo!.
Clin.
et Viol.,
& Amaral,
12 :
1940.
150.
539.
of the
C! Sau.
Thesis,
ninla1iolog3-,
Galviio
antunesi
S: _imard,
Pub.,
World,
43.
8 : 29 ;
1944
Co~rb.
& Ranos,
id.,
: 133.
52.
401.
Female - Proboscis uniformly coverer1 with dark brown scales. Palpus with
black scales and hairs, apex of segment IT, III and IV and distal half of 1 with
white scales. Antenna ; torus dark brown and nude : flagellum with gravish hairs,
segment I n-ith white scales. Occiput dark brown, with white scales in the middle,
dark ones on the sides where there are black settle ; vertex with long n-hitc scales
and brown sdae ; ocular setac dark brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown with hairs of this color. Mesonotum
dark brown with yellow scales forming five longitudinal stripes, separated by nude
areas, the median stripe reaches prescutellar area where there is a median black
stripe ; thexe is also a rounded spot on distal portion of anterior third ; acrostichal,
dorsocentral and supralar selac dark brown. Scutellum light brown with fifteen
sctae besides smaller ones and a few oellowish scales. Pleura with dark brown
integument ; propleura with a tuft of dark brown setae ; proepimeron nude ;
spiracle with light setae ; postspiraclc nude ; sternopleura with dirty white scales
and black sctae on upper portion and another patch of scales and setae in the
middle posteriorly ; there are prealar and mesepimeral patches of scales.
LCgi, except on coxac and trochanters with brown scales and dirty white
ones. Fore pair ; coxa with dirty white scales on upper and lower portions mixed
with a few brown setac. Trochanter light brown with dirty white and brown setae.
Femur dark brown, posterior margin with dirty white scales, denser on basal third
but leaving two spots, one basal, the other near base ; anterior margin with sparse
white scales at base. Tibia dark brown with apical dirty white ring and yellow
scales forming an anterior stripe. Tarsus I dark brown with sparse scales on basal
third of anterior margin and a dirty white apical ring ; II with a dirty white ring ;
A S 0
II
E:
L I
233
204.
Fiy.
202.
Fig.
204.
antuncsi
GalT50
S
2: pl. 9, fig.
25).
Larra.
Galr50,
Clypeal
hairs,
prothoracic
group
1941,
Ar.
Zool.,
2:
12 figs.
111.
_~mn~~:~l, 1940.
Wing.
(Based
and abdominal
33, pl. 11 figs.
Malp - ,\ntcnna with long brown hairs. Palpus dark brown, the apes of
segments II-I\
as well as distal half of V with dirty white scales ; III with many
brown sctae on lower margin. Legs with white apical ring on tarsus III of foreleg.
Wing with upper branch of 2nd vein lvith a yellow subapical spot near subcosta ;
3rd. vein yellowish with two small black subapical spots : 5th. vein with a few
yellow scales at. base, others on basal third and yet others before branch.
Genitalia : (fig. 203). Ijasistvlc and dististyle as in A. parcus ; a basal short,
broad, foliaccous, blunt, curved scta inserted in a very prominent tuberclc ; parabasal setae a little beyond basal third, flat, saberlike, pointed and inserted in separate, distinct tubercles ; internal seta long, slcndcr, at same level as parabasals
but insertcad in discreete tubercle. _\nal lobe conical, stronglv sclerotized on the
sides, membranous and hvalinc in the center, smooth. 11Iesosomc>strongly sclerotizcd laterally on distal half except at apex which is lighter, narrower and blunt
at apes ; leaflets slightly curved, strongly sclerotized, with four to six teeth on
external margin, inserted on mesosome on apical fifth, hasc of insertion hyaline.
Claspette with ventral lobes rough, conical, with three leaflets, two of them very
234
II
E Id I
cspslldedand inserted at apex, the other more slender. Dorsal lobes high, broad,
the apex blunt, slightly expanded laterally and fused on midline where they show
a strongly sclcrotiaed, longitudinal structure that ends in a notch ; the lobes smooth
but with numerous longitudinal structures, the lateral expansions developed and
smooth.
Pupu Similar to A. Iz&i.
Lnrva - (fig. 204). Head : Hair 2 very close (clypeal index 5), slightly longer
t,han 3 with vestigial branches ; hair 3 with a few vestigial branches ; 4 thick,
long, with vestigial branches at apex (sometimes the branches are distinct) ; hairs
5, 6 and i as in _\;yssorhgnchzts ; 8 long and with two or three branches ; 9 with
five or sis branches.
Thorax : Prothoras with hair 1 quite scparatctl from its opposite, bearing
five to scvc>n filamentous branches insertrbd at same 1~~~1, some of them dichotomized. Otht~r sctae as in AYyssorhynchus. Vflntr:tl thoracic setac small.
,1bdomen : Hair I with 16-20 leaflets, t hc apes hyaline and pointed, present
on srgrnc>nts II-VII,
on I substituted by a sets with two or three filamtnts ; t,his
hair has its clcmcnts arrangc:i like a partially closed fan ; hair 6 on first three
segments substituted by long setae, with two branches on segments IV-U.
Tergal
plat ts small, triangular, the eighth larger and more rounded. YostcGor flap of
spiracular apparatus with a short spine.
Egg - (fig. 205). With frills at, ends n-hi& are narrow : 29 float ridges gradually fusing into frills ridges irregular on central portion, there are longitudinal
stripes which can be divided three or four times. Where the floats change into
frills, the float ridges are shorter and the stripes change into an irregular pattern
with dots or oblique traces ; free space between frills large ; internal margins of
floats can be united in the middle of egg or quite separated. Exochorion free, ornamented with discreet oval or rounded elevations, the ground color black, the margins toothed ; these elevations arc quite separated by spaces in which the esochorion is peppered ; the cephalic end has the float ridges inflected on upper surface
of egg leaving the cephalic end without] frill but with a rounded surface, the caudal
end has a real frill with a sharp edge.
7r/pc ZorcrZi2y
- Brad,
State of S. Paula, Campos do Jordgo. Type in F. M.
I1~st,-ib~tiorr; - That of type locality.
Subgenus ;IJYSSORHYNCHUS
1002
& Feletti),
1903
. Sot.Biol.,
J. Trop.
Blanchard, 1902.
5 : 181 Type nryyrilnrsis
hled.,
54 : 79.7 -
Type
albimanus
11.-D.
Wicd.
Characters
Adult : Vertex with a tuft of long, proclinat,e,
white scales. Buccopharynx wit,h two rows of curved, developed teeth.
Mesonotum covered with white scales, integument with three blackish
spots, two of them lateral, the third prescutellar. Wing with 3rd. and
6th. veins white except for small dark spots at base and apex. Hind
tarsi with white scales from segment II but black rings may be present on other segments. Abdomen with poster0 lateral tufts except
in A. pictipennis. Genitalia of male with a basal seta inserted in a protuberance and two others which are approximate and inse! ted a little
beyond t,he middle of basistyle.
Pupa - Abdominal segments with hair A long and pointed, B
long and simple. Apical hair of paddle short.
Larva - Antenna with a branched hair at apex. Abdomen with
hair 1 generally lanceolate and never with filaments or notches ; hair
6 generally present and developed on segments IV-VI.
II
L I
h- I
53.5
1. Fifth hind tarsal completely white ; male genitalia with the fused
lobes of clasp&e nude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.
Fifth hind tarsal with a$bla~ckish ring ; male genitalia with the
fused lobes of claspettc pilose (except in 14. albimanus and J.
triannulatus where they are smooth) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Il.
2. First abdominal sternitc with a double row of white scales . . . .3.
This sternitc without white scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.
3. Poster0 lateral abdominal tufts of scales from segment III ; tergites n-it h yellowish scales ; mcsonotum and wing with dirty
lvhite or yellowish scales ; male genitalia with a broad and
lightly sclerotized mesosome ; lobes of claspette forming a
rounded elevation ; anal lobe with hairs on basal third of
paraprocts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..J.
Poster0 lateral abdominal tufts of scales from segment8II ; tergites
without yellowish scales ; mesonotum and wing with white
scales ; male genitalia lvith a narrow mcsosome, strongly
sclerotized, lobes of claspette high the apex rounded laterally
and forming a central depression ; paraprocts nude except on
basal portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brasiliensis
4. First hind tarsal wit,h an apical ring of white scales . . . . . . . . 5.
This segment without a ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.
5. Hind l,arsal II with 7Oyo or more basally black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alhitarsis dbitarsis
nlbitarsis limai
Hind tarsal II with 10 to 53 y0 basallvv black. . a,Zbitnrsisdomwticzls
G. Abdominal tergite VIII
with white scales ; two or more mid
tarsals with an apical ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brasiliensis
* This key and the larval one are modified from those given by G:~lvGo (1044).
236
-1
0 P II
1, I S
13. Wing with spot SC. very small or vestigial, B. 2 generally of the
same size or smaller than the pre-humeral black spot ; male
genitalia with the fused lobes of claspette smooth or with apical
expansions ; mesosome without leaflets . . . . . . . . . . . . .14.
Wing with spot SC. broad, B. 2 larger than the pre-humeral black
spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l~.
. . triannulatus triannulatus
14. Fore tarsus IV blackish . . . . . . . .
This tarsus generally with the apical half white. triannzdatus davisi
15. Dark portion of hind tarsus II with less than 207& white. . . . . . .
oswaldoi
Hind tarsus II ivith more
2
C$i &ite ...... ... ...... . . . . 16.
16. Wing with spot SC. moderate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17.
than
A N
I? II
I3 I,
237
Wing with spot SC very large ; male genitalia with the preapical
plate formed by a small semi lunar projection basally directed ;
setae of the basal expansions of lobes of claspettes thick, long,
erect externally and bunched in the internal portion . . . rangeli
17. M:ale genitalia with lobes of claspette without apical expansions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.
This structure with lateral expansions at apes . . . . . . . . . . . . .18.
. strodei
18. The expansions turned sideways . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The expansions directed upwards . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . benarrochi
19. Male genitalia with discreet leaflets on mcsosome or even without
them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ZO.
This structure vvit#hthe leaflets much developed and with serrate
margins . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anomalophyll us
20. Male genitalia with mesosome bearing a high apes . . . . . . . . .21.
This structure a low apex and appearing truncate . . noroestensis
21. Male genitalia with the fused lobes of claspctte with a preapical
ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...22.
Such a structure without a preapical plate which is substituted
by a hyaline ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nunez-tovari
22. Preapical plate of claspette developed . . . . . . . . . . . . gaZviFoi
This plate with two or three central darker granulations ; refringent structure forming a wide arch and sometimes appearing with lateral branching ; basal expansions of t,he basal
lobes of claspettes with slender setae bent in several directions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aquasalis (tarsimaculatus aucts.)
Key
for
the
larvae
of
NYSSORHYNCHUS.
.\ S
238
P H
E I,
I K
P H
I,
239
.5.
1. Wit,h floats ............................................
.2.
Without floats .........................................
.3.
2. Frills smooth ..........................................
pictipennis
Frills striated ...................................
.4.
3. Exochorion finely granulated ............................
Exochorion with large ret,iculation which forms a, dis&ctive
strodei
pattern ..........................................
argyritarsis sawyeri
4. Frills lateral and even ...................
pessoai (atypical)
Frills dorsal, sinuous .......................
.7.
5. Asinglefloat oneachside ................................
.6.
With several floats on each side ..........................
C. fajardoi
6. With a single cap like structure at one end .........
C. roxeboomi
With two of these structures, one at each end .......
.8.
7. Float ridges with filamentous tips ; frills absent .............
.9.
Float ridges without, such filaments ; frills present .........
peryassui
8. With 20-25 ridges ................................
shannoni
With 30-40 ridges .................................
9. Dorsoapical end with a collar formed by a distinct and detached
.lO.
portion of the frill ...................................
Without such a structure (a small collar-like structure may be
.18.
found but it is not detached from the frill). ..............
parvus
...............
10. With a spine projecting from the collar
11.
Without such a structure ................................
.13.
11. Collar apical ..........................................
.12.
Collar subapical, showing clearly the end of the egg ........
pseudopunctipennis
..........................
Collar
narrow
12.
hectoris
Collar broad ......................................
vargasi
13. Another small collar present at posterior end also .......
.14.
This struct,ure absent ..................................
14. Collar minute ........................................
Collar well developed .................................
15. Floats lateral ........................................
FloatIs dorsal ...................................
16. Floats extending to the posterior end .............
: ........
Floats occupying the middle only .......
..17.
..15.
..16.
nimbus
kompi
rangeli
darlingi
* We have decided to give a general key for the eggs of the Anophelines in
this section due to the importance which the subgenus Nyssorhynchus anil
some other species have in relation to medical entomology. This key is
adapted from J. Lane (in Boyd), Malariology, 1949, 1 : 414-415.
Zuki
17. Floats with from 22-30 ridges ....................
benarrochi
Floats with about 40 ridges .....................
.19.
1s. Floats narrow ........................................
.21.
Floats wide ..........................................
.20.
19. Frills parallel .........................................
neomaculipalpus
Frills united dorsally ........................
intermedius
20. Striation of frill oblique ........................
maculipes
Striation of frill at right angles .................
21. Frills on a dorsoapical opening only, the remainder of the dorsal
.22.
surface occupied by the floats .........................
.23.
Frills on posterior end also, flat in the middle ..............
gaZv6oi
22. Cephalad opening free from the floats .................
aquasalis
This opening partially enclosed by the floats .......
oswaldoi
konderi
noroestensis
anomalophylus
triannulat us chagasi
.24.
23. Frills free from the floats ...............................
.32.
Frills anastomosed with the float,s .......................
.25.
24. Frills with cephalad and caudad openings .................
.28.
Frills more or less parallel sided ..........................
...............................
.2G.
25. The openings very small
..26.
The opening average .................................
......
vestitipennis
26. A narrow band connecting the openings
mattogrossensis
mediopunctatus
This band absent ...........................
vestitipennis
This band interrupted .......................
strodei
................
27. Floats small, median and dorsal
gilesi
Floats large and on whole length dorsally .......
apicimacula
.29.
28. Frills straight ........................................
ciseni
Frills sinuous ................................
punctimac uZa
minor
29. Frills nearly touching in the middle ..................
...30.
Not so .............................................
gambiae
30. Frills wider at the ends ............................
Frills parallel the whole length. .. parapunctipennis guatemalensis
jlunzinensis
31. Frills forming an elevated ridge ..................
..31.
xot so ..............................................
..33.
32. Exochorion smooth ...................................
.34.
Exochorion granulated .................................
albitarsis
33. Frills with slight median incision at ends ...........
_I
E 1, I S
1-I
241
(Nyssorhynchus)
1878
Anopheles
Arribalzliga,
1891
Arribalzliga,
1916
BrethEs,
1923
Petrocchi,
1926
Root,
1926
BrethCs
1927
Shannon
1928
Lima,
Alem.
1928
Dyar,
Nos.
1923
Davlc,
Am.
1930
Pinto,
Mem.
1930
Shannon
1931
Shannon,
Rev.
An.
Proc.
Mem.
Am.
1933
Shannon,
1933
Gabaldon,
1933
Pessba,
iin.
Galvao
0.
Gn!vBo
Bact.
11. .i.,
717
id.,
.i
: 32.
103.
An.
Kumm
et al.,
Ramos
& Unti,
Am.
Med.
Rev.
J.
Pub.
: 2.
120.
72.
503.
S. Inulo,
Med.
1
20
Rlsl.,
:
: 144.
: 408.
12 : 7.
282
1937 Galvdo
S. I'nulo,
Hyvg.,
Med.,
Serv.
12
Paul.,
Caracas,
Biol.
Trop.
Div.
Mu&.
l?ac.
Ala].,
Rev.
10.
26
35
10
26
23.
200.
Wash.,
An.
Div.
1940
6 :
Cir.,
Fat.
33
& Par.,
Caracas,
&Lane,
Am.,
Wash.,
Sot.
Med.
1.54.
Sot.
Med.
Med.,
& Bnrretto,
23 :
Ent.
Butnntan,
Ent.
1938 Galvao
437.
Sot.
& Lane,
Pub.
Ins.
20 :
Cruz,
An.
Paul.
Lane,
: 2.52.
443.
Ins.
65 ; 1937 Galv50
136.
28 : 200.
B. _I.,
Rev.
J. Troo.
Fnc.
Arribalzaga, 1878.
albitarsis
131.
702.
Crr~z,
Ent.
11.0~.
309.
& Davis,
Gabaldon,
Bact.
6
Hyg.,
Ins.
Prado,
1940
.i.,
0.
Am.
J.
Kumm,
1938
llata,
B.
Iontr,
Ins.
1931
1937
& Del
1932
1936
La
Ins.
Phya,
A%lgentino,
NW.
J. Hsy.,
albitarsis
Nat.
Xlus.
Mtls.
Rev.
Am.
El
13
: 223.
Lane,
Bc Lane, Rev.
I:ol.
Biol.
Clin
et B~ol.,
111-g., 8
: 41;
19-10 Barrette.
1940
GalviTo,
1941
Corr&
Rev.
Ent.
Rev.
Bbl.
11 :
167.
Hya.,
hi Rnmos,
Ar.
Hy-g.
e SRII.
1941
GalvBo
& Lane,
Rrv.
Biol.
Hyg.,
1941
Kemp,
Sci.,
90
1941
Lucenn,
1942
Iiomp,
Nat.
1942
Corr&
& Ramos,
et al.,
_1n. Sot.
Biol.
Ins.
Causey
Barrett0
1943
Mullin-Diaz,
Corn.
1943
Galvis,
Eac.
1943
Del
1943
Cow&,
Ent.
Rev.
Ionte,
Rev.
CGrieco, Ar.
Ro-is
1923
Downs
rt
1943 Russell
al.,
& Unti,
Bejalano,
1946
Rev.
Cova-Garcia,
1917 Deane
et al.,
Giglioli,
1948
Deane
Ricciardi
var.
et al.,
Rev.
& Lima,
(ind
Boyd),
Ken.
1021
Cellia
Chagas,
1937
Zimai
19Z2
marajoara
1923
imperjectus
Serv.
Rev.
: 2.
Ian.,
Esp.
NV.
Galv50
Sp.
Cor&,
Pal,.,
Sail.
Irib.,
1
89
& Peryassli,
Brazil,
: 24;
83, 118.
9n.
1 :
301,
321,
343,
364.
8.5s.
_2r. 11~~.
Nnc.,
23
70.
118.
I*uc.
Med.
Eol.
Iaul.
S. Palllo.
domesticus
Calv50
6r Damasceno,
<:alvHo,
Ar.
22 :
: 227.
Iul>..
14 : GO.
246.
Ain. Fat.
& S:lll.
13
C11n. et Hlol.,
Med..
domes&us
H>-g.
: 23.
& Dnmasceno,
Rev.
: 129.
: 402.
: 40.
Ins.,
1941
1930
& Rnmos,
id.,
37.
Alal.,
1944
9 :
31,
Guiana,
Esp.
& Lane,
G3lvBo
Sau,
BI.
Cul.
42.
1944 Unti
43.
Bras.
Indisch
aEZopha Lutz
: 49;
13
1373.
S. Iaulo,
Serv.,
: 31, 32.
: 20.
San.
Serv.
39
45
iValnriolo,ay,
\-er.
1925
Hyg.,
: 1.
3.5.
Cotif.
Contr.
320.
of the Wolld,
Univ.
Rev.
Mos.
1949
syn.
Thesis,
133.
et Blol.,
AIil.,
38.
11 : 489.
SOI,.. 2
143 ;
J.
San.
SII
1947 Coutinho,
Lane,
et al., Am.
19%
to the An.
131.
: 128.
.Itla<,
hlal.
111.
Montevideo,
12 :
8
103.
1 : 435, 439.
122.
X.,
B. A.,
Exp.,
Fl. C!m.
id.,
H.
Iul).,
Mosquito
et al., Keys
1944 Cnusey
AIus.
id.,
S. Paula,
12.
Binl.,
Borot:i,
Nat.
Zoo].
10.
64,
44
Ar.
314.
Rozrl~oon~
Iulr.,
Bras.
Bact.
Clin.
J.
19+4 Ga!rBo,
Kuyp,
Zool.
2 :
179
Kash.,
e Sau.
Gil.
1941
e Sau.
Rev.
Ins.
Roberts,
1943 Fonsern
1949
Sot.
Med.,
_$r. Hip.
1943
1930
Hig.
& Coutinho,
1913
1948
Bul.,
Ar.
1942
11
Lernambuco,
Hltll.
1943
Pub.,
Med.,
20
14.5
81.
1944 Galv%o,
Cor!@.l
& Cricro,
ltl.,
83.
domesfzcus CorrPa
& al., J.
Nat.
Mal.
So,.,
9 : 279.
____
* As the females of this subgenus are very similar,
rcntial diagnosis for the other species.
II
E I,
I s
243
-___
a nc~arly complete ring of dark scales, internally whitish, externally dark. Joints
jvhitish. Tibiae dark except internally and at the joints where they are of a lighter
color. Fore tarsi with d&al white rings on three basal segments, the rest dark.
$Iid tarsi as fore tarsi, the rings narrower and in some specimens absent in the
third segment. Hind tarsi with a narrow distal ring on basitarsus, tarsus II with
755 (or more) covered with dark srales, the distal portion and the other segments
covered with white scales.
Fir.
206.
King (fig. 207). Haltere with light stem, the knob blackish csccpt for some
scales
A4bdon;cn with vellowish scales over most of the surface of tergites II-VII
the sides with dark scales, VIII
covered with white scales ; posterolateral tuft;
present from segments TV-VII.
Sternites with rows of white scales from segments
I-VI, on VII-1III
these scales are more lateral and diffuse.
white
,7l(/lc - Palpus with segments I and II dark, estensivelv marked with vvhitc,
III-IV
white with basal dark ring; and long golden hairs. A4ntenna shorter than
palpus, strongly plumosc, the hairs yellow.
Genitalia (fig. 208). Basistyle with external scales aud setae ; parabasal
scta inserted on a prominent tuber&
near base internally ; accessory setae long,
strong, the apex curved and inserted in a median protuberance.
Dististyle about
the length of basistyle, with a few distal spicules ; claw long and subt,erminal.
Mesosome tubular, broad, lightly sclerotixed, without leaflets, the apes rounded.
Lobes of claspcttes low, rounded and smooth. Anal lobe conical, slcn:lcr and pilose on basal third of paraprocts.
Prcpa Undescribed.
Lawa - (fig. 209). Head : Antenna spiculosc, chicfl)- internally, the sabers
with the externals longc; than the internals, both serrate on one of thcl margins,
apical hair bifid or trifid ; with a small scta on basal third formed bv six or more
elements. Clypeal index 1.0 to 1.2 ; hair 3 one third shorter than 2, all with short
244
I-1 E
I, I S
pilosity ; 4 small and bifid or trifid ; 5, 6 and 7 * pcnnatc and long : 8 generally
with four branches, occasionally with more ; 9 with two to five branches ; 14
with three or four branches.
Fig.
208. -
Anopheles
tillia.
Fig.
209. -
(Nysswhywhus)
alhitarsis
albitarsis
Arrilmlzagn,
Lnrvn.
Clypeal hairs, protlioracic
on Galx-So. 1943, Ar. Hig. & Sau.
plate.
(Based
Pub.,
Prothorax with hairs 1 approximate and in twenty leaflets with broad apes ;
2 long, strong and pcnnate, both inserted on the same Fcleritc ; hairs 4, 5 and 6
strong and pennatc, 7 quite longer than 4 and 5 ; 6 simple.
Abdomen : Hair 1 present on segments I-VII, on segments I and VII smaller,
palmatc and formed bv 25-30 long, bhrnt leaflets ; segment I with hair 2 small
and bifid, 3 simple, 4 branched, 5 with about five branches ; G and 7 verv long
and pennatc ; segment II with hair 0 small and with six branches, 2 with four
branches, 3 with five branches from base ; 4 long and simple, 5 pcnnatc, 6 and 7
as in I : segment III with hairs 0 and 2 as in II, 3 \vith four branches, 4 simple,
5 and 6 as in I and II, segment IV with 0 as in II, 2 long and simple, 3 trifid, 4
w&h three branches beyond the middle, 5 as in II and 6 long and simple : pccten
with a long tooth, three short ones, a long one, nine short ones and two long ones :
interspiracular plate with lateral short processes.
Eyg - (fig. 210). Length from 530 to 560 micra, average 550 micra : greatest
width 190 to 200 micra, average! 100 micra. Length of internal margin of floats
245 micra. Floats with 20 to 22 divisions, longitudinally striate and not interrupted
in the more external portion. Internal margins of floats quite separated, and lcaving a portion of the chorion visible. Alargins of esochorion placed at the poles
with a discreet groove at end.
7j~pc
localiiy Argentina,
Buenos Aires. Type M. I~. I. ?
Distribution
From Central
America
to northern Argentina.
Bionouzi~s - ,L\ sylvan species which does not enter habitations.
The aquatic
stages are passed in swamps.
_l;\ofe 11-crccognisc a subsperies as valid, it is donmfims.
A. albitarsis
impcrject~cs sho1v-sa variation similar to that found in A. trianmtlat~ts and A. nlbirt~lr~~s. A. ulbitarsis mnrajonrrc is, by its authors, consiciered as anomalous. ,-l.
nlbitcwsis limni most probablv represents the typical form.
* The above mentioned setac show no differential
mentioned in the other descriptions.
I%.
210.
Anophelcs
(Nyssorhynchus)
Cnnsc>-, I)rane
R- Deane,
Anopheles
brazilicnsis
45. Rev.
Ser.
(Nyssorhynchus)
Galviio &
n!bifnrsis
domesticus
1907).
( ChngaS.
Esp. Sau. Pub.,
albitarsis
ITKP.
(Eased
1: ::OG).
on
domesticus
hmasceno, 191 I.
Galviio
I% Dam
Inc.
1sce110.
s.
Mxl.,
Inrllo,
20 : 81.
ifa!
typicalform).
sw
,Idztlt - The female can bc scparatcd from the typical form by the hind
tarsus II which has 30 to .%c/~ of black basallv.
A1~aZe,and larva - Similar to tvpical form.
Egg - With an indistinct mosaic pattern. Other characters as in typical form
State of ParA, Maraj6 Island. Type in
lg
pe Iocality - Brasil,
Distribution- Brad,
State of Par& and State of Rio de Janeiro, Baisada
Fluminense.
svlvan,
domesticus entershouses and
Bionomics - \\hilc the typical form 9
1,
_
is a proved malaria vector.
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
1907
Cellia
Chagac,
NV.
Sp.
1908
Pepassil,
1909
Neiva,
Mem.
1916
Neiva
& Iennn,
Mem.
Ins.
1922
Godoy
& Pinto,
Bras.
Med.,
OS Cul.
1923
Root,
1926
Bnopltclrs
Am.
1928
Lima,
Men].
E:l,*.
Brazil,
Ins.
J.
Cul.
0.
H3.g.,
1934
Iires,
GalvBo
& Lane,
Rev.
1918
Deane,
Cnusey
& Deane,
>.\II.
1937 Annphe/es
1935
(;alvZio,
Cruz,
37
Bold,
3
Galvis,
Rev.
Gnlv~o
Pnc.
Q al.,
1943 Gricco,
Ar.
1044 Cause>.
8: al.,
Cir.
8: Lane.
9
Rev.
.J. Hyg.,
Biol.
701, 7Ok.
&II.
Puhl.,
An.
G:llr:?o,
7
12
39
131.
: 2.
7
Inc.
38.
43.
13
: 227.
AIed.
S.
-11. Zoo!.
S.
: 317;
12 : 56.
of the Wo:Id,
AI?d. S. Iaulo,
: 866.
Hy-..
8: Lane,
1940
Bozot:i,
Exp.,
Inl~.,
31 ;
to the An.
Clin.
1937 GnlvBo
Snu.
1937 Ga!v50
XIptl.,
Itoo+, id., G
43.
: 67 ;
Esp.
H\g.,
Keys
Am.
8 : 91, 95.
106.
Rev.
Biol.
1943 R~lssell
hIed.,
Braz.
29.
(The-,i.),
23 : 2.1, ;
Rev.
1907 Chapas,
69
0.
Biol. Hyg.,
prswai
(Chagas, 190T).
21 : 291-303.
braziliensis
277.
S. laulo
Paul.,
(ruz,
l93G
.\Ius.
;\Ied.
0.
11
18.
<ruz,
(N!/sso,,h!/,frhtrs!
Inq.
Brazil,
: 227.
: 2.
Palllo,
13
Pnrllo.
id. 8
38
246
ANOPHELISI
1944
Con&
1946
Coutinho,
& limbos,
1916
Con-Gxrcin,
ST1
7917
Deane
Rev.
19.&7 Iloch
1948
Univ.
& al.,
.1r. Ilig.
Conf.
Serv.
& ~~l,o1lncrlc,
Giglioli,
19.50 Iirlyp,
A104. Contr.
Kon.
Vel.
S. lxulo,
Ins.
(TIlesis),
Snn.
Ianm1.,
Esp.
San.
Ink?ur
Serv.,
Inclisch
Rr.
In-t.,
& Rarnos,
id., 9
17.
46.
1
Iu1)..
32,
8L,
119.
301,
321,
(;n~-:tl!c~. 144
C;lliann,
37.
89 :
41,
42,
343,
363.
: 6.
46, 48.
Fig.
212.
Fig.
213.
Larva.
156-lC2).
(T:aaed
on
Gnlr%o.
1943,
_1r.
Hig.
&a SRII.
Pub.,
S.
Panlo.
(19)
Larm - (fig. 213). Head : A4ntenna with four or five branches on terminal
hair. Clypeal index 2,s ; hair 3 one fourth shorter than 2, both with short, sparse
pilosity ; 4 simple and more than half as long as 3 ; 8 with two or three branches ;
9 with four or five branches.
Prothoras lvith tufts 1 formed by twenty palmate leaflets, truncate at apes,
hairs 1 and 2 arc ins&cd on a single sclerite.
247
ANOPHELINI
Anopheles
1916
Anoph:l.s Root
1928
Dynr,
Lion.
Alem.
1930
Iinto,
1931
Shannon,
1932
Kumm,
Shannon,
1938
Ga!vBo,
1115. 0.
Iroc.
J. Hyq.,
XXI.
Ent.
4F3,
\Vash.,
Hig.,
Hyp.,
11
101
Rev.
& Ran),
Am.
J. Tlop.
1941 GalvJo
B: Lane,
Rev.
Biol.
Hs-g.,
1941
Am.
,19. .Idv.
Sri.,
90
1941 Rozeboom,
Biol.
Am.
As. Adv.
1942
Kemp,
Nat.
Ins.
1942
Corr&n
& Ramos,
BuI.
*1r. Hig.
1942
Gnlv50
& al.,
_b.
Caosey
& al.,
Iror.
1943
Barrett0
Hig.,
1943
Galvis,
Rev.
Iar.
Rev.
Med.,
Am.
J.
& al.,
-11,. Hig.
1943
Grieco,
&Ar. (ir.
1943
Ross
1943
Russell
& al.,
1944
Causcy
1944
Galv.?o,
Ar.
1946
Bejnmno,
Clirl.
Keys
Hig.
Exp.,
& San.
Pub.,
In-.
Sal.
& Enf.
XII
Conf.
San.
1946
Lifschitz,
An.
Ins.
1947
Deane
& al.,
1947
Bates,
J.
Giglioli,
1948
Ricciartii,
1948
Zulueta
1949
Borges,
1949
Deane
1930
Varzts
Res.
Nat.
Sot.,
Rev.
Contr.
Bras.
I_%Griero,
T~op.
B: SXII.
ll~l).,
Med.,
it{.,
21
11 : 6%
: !i7).
123.
321.
33.
374.
30.
43.
2.
143
1944 Coda
8: Ramos.,
7
1
: 221.
: 30,
Argentina,
Sau.
Pub.,
82,
116.
1 : 349.
302,
320.
343,
: 1.5.;.
6 : 139.
Guyanp,
Serv.
Biol.,
144 :
5.
46.
Esp.
Sau.
Guiana,
I'uh..
501.
37.
: 633.
48 : 3.50.
Hyg.,
1
Rev.
Bras.
WM.,
& al.,
Rev.
Serv.
Esp.
Est.
Tax.
15 I:rlncios,
Reg.,
Br.
J.
Hiz.
1373.
Serv.,
Am.
.Ir.
132.
1:1\110, (Thesis),
& Dalnasceno,
1 : 29,
111s. la<te\lr
S.
& Bates,
23
Trap.,
Esp.
Sot.,
Mal.
Univ.
Rev.
-1~. Zooi.,
1.52.
:
:
4-1
lanam.,
Med.
Serv.
AM.
B: -Ahonncnc,
Mos.
(;.tlv?o,
133.
43
Talgns,
Deane
1940
38, 380.
of the World,
39
Cova-Garcia,
1948
163 ;
& Ramw,
_1n1. J.
12
An.
1946
1948
10 :
1941 G:llv,:lo
112,
Biol.,
Mil.,
66,
Iub.,
Atlns,
1946
Nat.
Med.,
to the
Ser.
10
Kemp,
\Vash.,
Pub.,
Alosquito
Rev.
Coutinho,
fj : 70.;.
irl
103.
179
Trap.
& Snu.
11
Bogoth,
CorrBa,
1947
Root,
21 : 5.59.
1941
Braq.
Kumm
RE Roberts,
Sor.
1943
J.
1925
: 56,237.
12
1943
Giglioli,
id.,
1941 CorrP:t
& Sau.
Ent.
& (outinho,
al.,
10.
Med.,
Sci.,
Hlth.,
1942
Rev.
108.
: 40;
Corrta,
Florh
3 : 60.
463.
Kumm
1947
Rool J 1926.
20
1941
1947
Ser..
: 2.
35 : 120.
; 1940 Gnlv50.
& lar.,
Sot.
Biol.
Wa\h.,
1941
Komp,
l\fon.,
33 :
Sup].,
Sot.
Trap.
Iroc.
;im.
(ruz,
Ent.
Rev.
Iaulo,
(in Boyd),
darlingi
Am.,41;J.
An.
1933
(Nyssorhynchus)
282.
Sau.
AIos.
Pub.,
An.
1 : 793.
de Mexico,
126.
364.
id., 9
: 120.
317.
S.
248
ANOPHELINI
19.50 Kuyp,
var.
Kon.
Ter.
Indislh
Ins.,
89
GalvBo,
Lane
& Corr$a,
1937
paulisfensis
1937
GalvBo
8: Lane,
1938
Galv80,
Rev.
An.
Biol.
Fat.
Hig.,
14, et seq.
Med.
9 :
S.
101,
Rev.
Inulo,
110 ;
Biol.
13
1938
Hyg.,
37.
232.
Bnrretto,
id.,
: 11G.
Femzle- Separable from the other species of the subgenus by the characters
given in the key.
Male - Palpus black with a ring on joint of segments I and II which may
also have sparse white scales ; segment III with numerous brown hairs and white
scales at apex, 11 with the distal half white ; other characters as in the female.
Genit.alia : (fig. 215). lllesosomc high, narrow, apex rounded and very curved
dorsally, little sclerotized, with two leaflets which have thick and pointed teeth on
the external margin. Lobes of claspcttes fused dorsally and with a!_small, nude
elevation.
217.
216.
215.
Big.
215.
Anopheles
Pig.
21G.
Larva.
Clypcnl
hairs,
on &lr%o,
1943,
Ar.
Fig.
217.
ISgq.
(Nyssorhynchus)
(ISaqcd
darlingi
Root,1026.
Prothorxcic
group
Hig.
& Sau. Pub.,
on Ga!rBo,
Lane
& CorrBa,
Male
and spiracular
8: 156-162).
1937,
Rev.
genitalia.
Xesosome.
(Based
apparatus.
J3iol.
IIyg.,
8:
37-43).
F%pcr - Root (1028) : - il. 1 . the breathing trumpets have a very peculiar
and characteristic shape. The greater part of the trumpet is abruptly truncate at
about half its length, leaving the two edges projecting club-like>. . . . The postero-lateral spines of the posterior abdominal segments ot the pupa, also, are much
shorter and stouter thayr in any other member of the group, and approach the condition foun 1 in species of the ArribaIzagia group.
LUWCL~- (fig. 216). Head : Antenna spiculosc, chiefly internally, the external
saber slightly smaller than the internal one, terminal hair bifid, a small multiple
hair on basal third ; clypeal index 1,6. Hair 3 one fourth shorter than 2, both simple
and covcrcd wi:h sparscl short pilosity ; hair 4 small and bili_i ; L8 with seven
*..
branches ; 9 with five or six ; 13 with four ; 14 bifid.
Prolhoras with tuft; 1 quite separated, inserted in a distinct sclcrite, and
composed of eight to ten filiform leaflets.
Abdomen with tuft 1 present on segments I-1-11, they arc palmate, blunt or
pointed at apes and vary from seventeen to twenty branches cscept on segments
I and VII where they are smaller and have fewer elements. Segment I with hair 2
trifid and short ; 3 simple ; 4 trifid ; 5 with five branches, all long ; 6 and 7 ver>r
long and pennate ; II with hair 0 small and four branched ; 2 with seven : 3
with four longer ones, 4 long and simple, 5 with six and 6, 7 as in I : III with hair
0 longer than in II and seven branched ; 2 with four, 3 bifid, 4 simple, 5 with
tight branches, 6 as in I ; IV with hair 0 six branched, 2 simple, 3 and 4 bifid, 5
with three branches, all long, 6 very long and simple. Posterior flap of spiracular
apparatus bearing an internal tubercle having a long seta ; interspiracular scleritc
with very long anterior process, the lateral one undeveloped ; tergel plate of VIII
more than three times the size of that of VII ; pectcn with a long tooth, a short,
a long, three short, a long, five short, a long, three short and one long tooth.
Eyy -- (fig. 217). Galvdo, Lane & Correa (1937, for paulister2si.s) : Corn-primcnto de 466 a 490 micra ; largura maxima de 140 a 150 micra. Face superior
(vcntre do embriao) corn urn par de flutuadores de 244 a 291 micra de comprimento
c divididos tm 25 a 27 gomos, quc raramentc se embricam na sua por&o mais
lateral. 0 polo cefalico 6 muito mais largo do quc o caudal, (3 B envolvido na sua
cstremidade por uma forma@0 do esorcorion em forma de urn colarinho, sustentado
por finissimas r&as. Tal colarinho abrc-se distalmentc.
90 rcsto da superficie
dcisada livre cntre OS flutuadores e o colarinho cefalico, o csorcorion SC difcrcncia
em numerosas eleva@es ovalarcs, rcgulares, granulosas e de uma bela c8r perola.
Type locality - Brasil,
Statcb of Rio de Janeiro, Porto das Caisas. Type in ? ?.
Distribrrtion - Mexico : Guatemala
: British
Honduras
: Colombia :
Venezuela
: Guianas : Brasil,
States of Amazonas, Par&, Xlaranhao, Piaui,
Ceara, AlagGas, Rio Grandc do Sorte, Paraiba, Pernambuco, >Iato Grosso, Sao
Paulo and Rio de Janeiro : Argentina.
Observations The variety paulishsis
was created for diffcrcnccs found in
the egg. As the eggs figured and described by Root do not represent rclality such
a variet,y is not valid.
Anopheles
1938
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
GalvZo
1940
Galv,?o,
Ar.
1943
Russell
& al.,
1944 Unti
Zool.
& R~rno~,
Amatal,
S. fnulo,
Keys
Ar.
to thp
Hig.
Rev.
Galviio
lanei
Hiol.
Hyg.,
& Amaral,
1938.
: 8.
1 : 473.
An.
& Saw
of the \\~orld,
Pub.,
46.
: 28;
1944 Coda
&I Ranlo;.
id., 9
129.
Galvao & Amaral (1038) mention the following characters : The largest species of the subgenus, the wing measures 4.07 to 5.2 mm. in length.
In the adult the light markings are pure white.
Palpus as long as proboscis, dark scaled, a xhitc ring at apes of segments
I and II, III black, IV white, a few sparse white scales on dorsal surface of first
three segments.
*Abdomen with all tergites except I covered with yellowish and white scales,
narrower and smaller on segment VIII where they are yellow ; poster0 lateral tufts
of black discreet scales, absent on first two segments.
Legs : Fore tarsi with segment I cream-colored except, an csternal stripe of
black scales, apes with a white ring ; segment II black, an apical ring nearly over
the distal third ; segment III with a little more than distal half white ; IV black ;
V black with a few apical white scales at apes of anterior portion. Mid tarsi with
segment I black, a st,ripc of white scales on internal and external surfaces and a
distinct apical ring ; segment II black, the apical white ring whiter ; III-IV
black ;
V black with a few apical white scales. Hind tarsi with segment I black, a longitudinal external white stripe on external and internal surfaces, the apical white
ring nitid ; segment II with more than basal half black ; other segments white.
Wing is characterized by the snow white coloration of spots contrasting lvith
the coal black ones.
Fmale
250
A N 0 P II
E L I S I
Male - Palpus black, a white ring on joint of segments I and II, also present
at apes of segments II and III ; IV with white apical half on dorsal surface, the
ventral oncablack. Fore tarsi with a small white apical ring on segment II ; III
with an apical white ring on 407& of segment. Mid tarsi with apical white ring
on II, III-V
black. Hind tarsi with 55y0 of basal portion black, the rest and segments 11X-1 \vhitc.
Genitalia : (fig. 218). Claspettes with lobes high, lightly sclerotized and
hvaline, nude, not fused in mid line and bearing, on each side, a rounded projection.
Mesosome long, slender 240 micra high by 30 broad, quite sclerotized at base, lightly
so at apex, the lcaflcts laterally inserted, straight, diverging, smooth. Anal lobe
smooth and strongly sclerotizcd on the sides.
J
218.
Fig.
218.
219.
-
Anopheles
(Nyssorhyichus)
lanei
GnlrZo
&
220.
hmral,
1938.
Male
genitalia.
Mlcsosome.
Fig.
219.
Larva.
Clypeal
8: 15(i-162).
Fig.
220.
Egg.
(Based
hairs.
on
GnlrIo
(Both
1940,
based
_h-.
on
GaMo,
Zool.,
1:
1943,
fig.
h.
Hig.
& Sak
Pub.,
5).
Pupa - Margins of tube smooth. Abdomen with hair ,4 short and strong.
Paddle with a simple apical &a which is short and thick, the subterminal ones
simple, long and slender.
Lawn - (fig. 219). Head : Antenna as in ~2. nlbilarsis. Clypcal index 1,5.
H$r 2 long, thick, with very small branches ; 3 two fifths the length of 2, strongly
branched and with several dichotomizations beyond apex ; 4 trifid and half as
long as 3 : 8 and 9 branched.
Prothorax with tuft 1 bearing nine filiform leaflets.
,4bdomen with t,uft 1 of sragmcnts I and II with filiform leaflets, in II thicker,
in III-VII
formed bv thirtv five broad, smooth, well sclerotized branches which
arc truncate at apes ; plate of segment, VIII
twice as large as in VII ; internal
flaps of spiracular apparatus with a thick, strong scta followed by nine minute
scales, each inserted in a depression.
Eyy - (fig. 220). From 585 to 620 micra in length, average 598 micra ; broadest width 163, smalltlr 134 micra ; length of floats on lateral margins 290 micra ;
231
ASOPIIELISI
length of float on mid line 198 micra. Average number of divisions on floats 10.
There is a pair of lateral floats, quite united in mid line and two terminal frills
sustained by fine striae disposed on upper surface of egg, the cephalic one larger ;
portion of egg between floats and inside frills covered with fine membrane of esochorion, which is not differcntiatcd and shows black chorion. In the rest of the
surface the cxochorion is differentiated
into small ovate elevations, appearing
granulated and regularly inserted : between them and the csochorion the black
chorion adheres, thus giving a contrast between the black and pearly colors.
Iy
pe locali@ - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, Campos do JordSo. Type in I!. 31.
Dist~*ib~tio~ -- That of type localit,y.
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
argyritarsis
Robineau - Desvoidy,
1827
drlopbtlcs
KohirleiLu-Dcsvoitl~.,
1901
Theobald,
Mon.
1902 Durh:un,
Liv.
Cul.,
Sch.
1902
Nevex-Ixmaire.
1906
Dyar& Kmh, J.
1910
Ncwitend
1913
Lutz
1921
: 85.
Evans,-in. Trap.
1921
Dya!,
1923
Godo)-
id.,
Trap.
N.
Xrd.,
II.
X.,
1: 2 7.
larik,
111.
Ent.
Am.
JIem.
AIenl.,
: 53C,.
: 6.
Y.
h Thomx?,
Sot.,
In\.
II
J. Trap.
17.5.
Med.
: 3;
0. C~uz, 7
Par.,
111.
1916 Neiva
& Ienlla,
JJlt7,
10
Ins.
Ins.
Aled.
Petrocchl,
1924
Bonne,
192r: Dyar,
Ins.
Sor.
Ins.
Ins.
1925
Bonne
1927
Shannon
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
Lima,
hlem.
Davis,
r2m.
J. Hyr.,
1930
Pinto,
AIem.
Ins.
1930
Dari,
& Shannon,
1931
Shamloll,
1932
Kunrm,In.
1934 Farle.
Ins.
lires,
1937
GsivZo,
Pac.
1938
Root
1938
Senrvet
0.
An.
Bact.
1~. .\..
illed.
Sot.
: 31.
Gnbaldon,
Galv?io
& Barrette,
Par.,
1939
Kumm
& Rlli7,
ai., Mem.
SC, :
Biol.
MaI.,
Hyq.,
Iaqteur,
Cwacau,
Biol.
.I. Trap.
Sal.
489.
Iub.
13.
1938
Alg+lir,
Rozebonm,
16
Gabaldon
Ram03
1940
Barretta,
& al.,
k
Unti,
Rev.
Pub.
Ent.
Are<!.,
19
1940
GalvBo,
Ar.
Kumm,
1941
Kemp,
Lucrna,
lY42
Kemp,
Nat.
I!>42
Cow&l
An.
Zoo].
Serv.
y Plot.
Yoc., mnp
S.
Sot.
Biol.
1~.
111th.
R?mo,
RInl.,
.i
Ilof.
Illal.,
: 164.
Inrilo,
1 :
, .1r.
Med.,
Sci.,
21
7 ; I(310 KIIIUUI
36.
: 7.
14
148.
: 93.
90.
Iernambuco,
l<uI.,
IIw.
179
%u.
27 :
!,9.
: 112.
: 438.
11
1941
1941
Div.
Pub.
id.,
176.
1.
Hyp.,
40x.
1940
11.
3.
27 : 349 ;
Ins.
Rev.
;im.
10
: 32.
48
Rev.
Ar.
Div.
itI.,
23 :
: 10.
.Im.,
33
J. HJ-z.,
8: _4bonnenc,
104.
44.
S. Paula,
1Y.M
1940
: 128.
133.
TV:tsll.,
&
B Corr%,
Am.
12 : 3,
1929 Kun~nl,
23 :
Ent.
hIed.
457
Sor.
Dept.,
& Andrews,
11
St11., 333.
Ins.
CIUZ,
Ent.
Lub.
13.3.
132.
Yugl.,
Med.
Lane
Kumm
Cruz,
0.
1938
20:
Rev.
Trop.
Itept.
id.,
441.
1928
lroc.
Ed., 1 5:
cP: Ronne-Weephter,
193.
MO\.
Iontr,
Am.,
17 :
8: Bonne-Wepster,
1921 Stephens,
: 29.
A.. 3 : 10.
B.
13
447
1923 Bonnr
37
Exot.,
hIen<.,
1928
1934
Bnct.
I.5
149
Metl.,
Pat.
& Del
Ial.,
Nixz.
Rev.
Bul.
&
Mrns.,
Cy- Pinto,
1923
1939
Sot.
133.
Akr. Iar.,
& Alachado,
Mem.
argyritarsis
62,
lllh.,
12.
109,
7
II!).
: 38,314.
& al.,
.\rn. .J.
llop.
Mctl.
253
1943
AIullin-Dial,
Coru.
1943
Galvic,
lnc*.
Rev.
Ponte,
Bool.
1943
Del
Russell
& al.,
lies-s
1942
Causeg.
& al.,
Am.
Unti
Rev.
& Ratno<,
Ramo~,
id.,
1946
Cova-Garcia,
1947
Coutinho,
1947
Dcsne
1948
Giplioli,
In-.
B. .I.,
I-1 E
I ?; I
I,
Monteridio,
30.
11 : 489.
of the
\X-orld,
13.
2.
X!):
& &II.
Conf.
Sm.
S. Iaulo,
Rev.
S~rv.
Contr.
III~I.,
1949
CastelImos
TnIrrns
Kuyp,
& al.,
;\tn.
s>-n.
19%
Crllia
moti
wr.
1924
Cdliu
brasiliensis
Innxn,
ThesiP,
Esj).
Ser\-.,
1950
1950
26 : 1944 Gnlr50
&III.
lit.
J. Tlop.
28, 81,
11.7.
41.
Iub.,
Glliaua,
301,
320,
343,
364.
37.
29 :
Mfd.,
31.
ib Palncios,
Est. Tax. MO*. An. ~lEsic0.
123.
Kon. Yer. Intiisch
Inst., 89 : 11. $0, et sec/tl.
192% Celliu
r;yn.
N.,
12
An.
II>-g.,
129.
XII
AIos.
Bad.
to thr
J.
H.
Bo~ot,i,
&$lr. Hi:r.
Univ.
& ai.,
5lluc.
Med.,
1943
1944
_I
1933
allopl~a
dnoplrelrs
Iaulo,
48
BrethCs,
Ihysis,
8 : 309.
Christophers,
~hristophers,
darling2
Pessba,
id.,
.\]I.
Ins.
3
Iaul.
Med.
Rrs.
MPIII.,
37.
38.
Med.
Cir.,
20
1934
Piles,
I;nc.
Mrtl.
S.
42.
Fenrnle
Characters taken from GalvBo (1941) : - Palpus with the first
three segments blackish with white ring;, IV white, III with sparse whit>e scales.
Legs : Fore tarsi with a distal white ring on first three segments. Mid tarsi
and hind basitarsus generally without apical white rings, rarely with an indistinct,
ring on basitarsus and mid tarsus II and very rarely with om on hind ta.rsus I :
hind tarsal II with 25y0 basally black, this color can, however, occupy half or even
three fourths of the segment.
Ming 3,3 mm. in lenght. Light scales are snow white ; spot B. 2 larger than
the pre-humeral black one, sometimes the same size and rarely smaller.
Abdomen with tergites covered with yellowish scales including segment VIII.
Postcrolateral tufts present only on segments V and VI. Sternite I without white
scales.
JInle - (fig. 221). Genitalia : Mesosomc with a pair of leaflets, generally
curved and directed towards the median line, bearing fine teeth.
Pupa - Tube truncate, with a small apical notch. Hair A of abdominal segments long and slender. Paddle with long terminal hair, curved, apex hooked.
Larva - (fig. 222). Head : Clypeal inoex, 3,5 ; hair 3 one fifth shorter than
2, simple, both moderately branched ; hair 4 simple and two thirds the length of 2.
Prothorax with tuft 1 formed by twelve filiform leaflets inserted on a separate
srlerite from 2.
Abdomen with tuft 1 palmate and wit,h twenty to twenty five leaflets on
segments II-VII.
Pectcn with sixteen long and short teeth irregularly placed.
Egg - (fig. 223). The exochorion has, between the frills and floats, granulations which form regular, discreet patterns. Minimum length 465 micra, maximum
510, average 495 ; minimum breath 160 micra, maximum 195, average, 180 micra.
Length of floats minimum 265, maximum 295 micra, avcrag: 285 micra. Divisions
of floats, minimum 23, maximum 25, average 24 micra.
lqpe localzhy Brasil.
Tape ? ?.
From Me&o
to Paraguay,
Sorthrrn
Argentina
and
&tribu t ion -
Uruguay.
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
argyritarsis
sawyeri
1943
1943
Rllssell
1944
&use)-
al.,
1947
Deane
Pz al.,
Key3
Rev.
to the
49.
J. Hyc.,
Serv.
Esp.
Sau.
ltlh.,
301,
320,
343,
36-C.
0 P H
E I,
I S
253
The differences betxeen this subspecies and the typical form arc those given
in the keys. Genitalia (fig. 224.
Floats
Egy (fig. 211). Causey, Deane, Deane & Sampaio (1043) : absent ; general size and shape of egg similar to A. argyritarsis, but with slightl)
greater concavity of dorsal surface. Anterior end somewhat broader than posterior
end. Exochorion dark, showing hexagonal pattern on dorsal surface enclosed bs
frill. Wide frill continuous around entire dorsolatcral area, much broader at end.
7ype locality - Brasil,
State of Ceara, Scrra da Ibiapaba, near S. Bcnedicto.
Type in IT. S. S. AI.
Disiribhm2
That of type locality.
222.
211.
223.
221.
Ent.Fig.
221.
Fig-,
222.
Sot.
Anopheles
talia.
_Im.,
Pl.
1).
(NyssorhJnchus)
(Based
on Ro~cl~oom,
Fig.
223.
Egg.
Fig.
224.
Ampheles
(Nyssorhymhus)
194::.
Male
genitdiil.
(19)
156-162).
argritarsis
lO:;$,
nohhleau-Desroidy,
,Zm.
S. I-Iyg.,
27
1827.
(I)
sawyeri
l)rane.
srpyritarsis
(13asctl on C;:rl~Zo, 1943,
Ar.
Xale
geni-
: 99).
Dcnnc
&
Sampaio,
Hi%. S- Sau.
Pub.,
8
A s 0 P II
254
Anopheles
1865
Cnle.r
Philippi,
Mm.
1928
Dyar,
1930
Edwards,
1930
Pinto.
1931
Martini,
1941
GnlvRo,
1913
Nq$l~ne,
1924
\-PI~.
-iIn.,
Dint.
.?r.
(Nyssorhynchus)
Par.
Rev.
Anopiwlrs
Ge<.
(Philippi,
pictipennis
\\-irn,
15
1865).
: XX.
440.
Put.
& S.
& ?~a?.
Ent.,
A1r. ZOOI.
RPV.
Zool-Rot.
E L I s
1
s.
Chil.
Chilr,
218
I:u1lo,
Hiz.
2 :
Doenqa~,
;
29
1931
106.
: 641.
Alultini,
Bonowin,
10
120.
: x0.
y Med.
(N,IJsso~~~wA~Is~
Irer.,
nwyrilarsis
5 :
263,
27G.
(hriniophers,
J~ld. Med.
Rcs.
P\Irrn.,
37.
Fr,nale - Proboscis blackish, one fifth longer than fore femur. Palpus slight11
longer than proboscis, with crcct, dark scales on segment I : all segments with
narrow rings except the penultimate one which has only a dorsoapical spot ; in
the last segment the scales nearlv reach distal half.
Legs : Fox tarsus I darkin the middle! apex whitish, II nearly completclv
dark except for apical white ring, III and IV as II, V dark. Mid tarsus I with
apical fifth white, II with apical fourth white ; other segments dark. Hind tarsi
with apical sixth of tarsus I white ; II with apical fourth white ; other scgmcnts
dark.
Wing with three black spots 011 costal region. Spot H. 1 very small, B. 2
even smaller.
Male - Palpus with larger rings, the last scgmcnts with long hairs. Adntcnna
with yellowish plumes ; three fourths the length of palpus.
Genitalia : (fig. 225). Hasistyle conical, broad ; two accessory thick, pointed
setac ; internal spine above accessory ones, slender (in some specimens there may
be one on one basistyle and two on the other) : a single curved, thick parabasal
seta inserted on a protuberance.
External lobe of claspcttc nude and ending in
two foliaccous. united. slcndcr. curved setac besides a straight slender one inscrtcd
a little below. Estcrnal lobe covered with fine spiculositv_ Mesosome broad. the
apes blunt and less sclcrotixcd, with two very large leaflets which arc striated and
scrratc on external margin, the point sharp. Anal lobe tubular, with fine spiculcs
on the external margins which arc more sclerotizcd, the apes hyalinc.
Pupa Undcscribed.
Lama - (fig. 226). Ilead with darker regions and spotted. ;2ntenna blackish,
spiculosc : hair 11 feathcrcd, inserted on basal sixth ; dorsal saber pointed, the
ventral one shorter ; hair 10 triramous, divided beyond the middle. Clypcal indcs
0,83 ; hair 3 nearlv as derelopcd as 2 both slightly plumose. Hair 4 similar to 3.
Occipitals 8 and 9 broad ant1 with three or four branches. Hair 14 doublr, 12
plumose. 13 with six branches.
P&thorax with hair 1 divided into tight branches bcsidcs the basal ones ;
2 branched and dichotomized ; 3 simple, each of these hairs on a scpnrate sclcritc.
-Abdomen with tufts 1 from segment III to apex ; these tufts arc formrd bx
227.
Fig.
223.
Fig.
226.
Lnr~a.
Pig.
225.
Egg.
83-93,
Pres,
226.
223.
Anophclrs
Mesosome
(Philippi,
(iK;yssorhynchns)
pirtipennis
and lobes of cla\pettes.
Basistyle
and
Head,
prothorncic
hairs
and
phnate
based
on Lane
(Firtst
two
figure;
head original;
egg based on Xeghme,
5: 2 pk.).
fuft
1865).
31ale
ginitain.
dististyle.
of
abdomen
R- Neghme,
1943,
Item.
1946,
Chilena
n.
1.
Biolbgira,
Hig.
4:
1\Ied.
25G
-1
Anopheles
dnopheles
Wiedemann,
1827
Robinear~-I;esvoid,-,
1818
Wiedemann,
1901
Theobald,
Zetek,
An.
1916
Neiva
& Irnni,
1
Y.
Dyer,
Evans,
An.
Ins.
Tiop.
1922
Dy:rr,
Proc.
U.
1922
Root,
;irn.
J.
Hyg.,
Am.
J.
Dyar,
AIoQ. Am.,
1928
T.inia,
Meni.
193% Hoffman,
1932
Ewle,
Ito.
IIF.
Pto.
0.
Cruz,
238
Sup].,
23
Hlth.
Roeeboom,
1939
Kumni
map
1920
Tn rpns,
19 41
I<rlIlrIII
1941
Romp,
(a~:.
Irib.
;
,
Iasteur
Dir.
J.
Alal.,
Biol.,
Kurrmi
Med.
Br11.
J. Trap.
Mbsiro,
I\omp,
Nat.
Ins.
1943
(;:dviq,
Rev.
Pac.
1913
Iit~mm
B al.,
1943
Ross
1943
R~~ssell $
al.,
1944
Kr!nlIll
%im:gn,
& Roberts,
194-l
Levi-Cxhtilln,
1944
Gnlv;lo,
XII
1946
Corn-Garcia,
Paul
1948
\nrgns,
1950
Ku>-p,
1930
Znrgas
.cyn.
1821
Anopheles
albipes
1900
Anophrles
cubensis
1901
Anopheles
nry,yrotarsis
Rev.
Ron.
Conf.
&
19C14 Inxoq,
J.
Ins.
Sal.
San.
Palacios,
Est.
Bol.
-1~. Med.
434.
al.,
Rev.
Ins.
1941 &mm
Sal. I'LI~I.
J. Trap.
Sal. 3. Enf.
& Ram,
id.,
Med.,
Trap.,
y Prot.
Sot.
20 : 406.
1
277.
21 : 5.59.
8 Konl;),
id., 2S2.
23:
874.
1 : 33.
St)
30.
8.
Ecuador,
8
6.
146.
: 33, 83,
: 62.
9 : 1.53.
Panam.,
Mal.
120.
SOC., 6
Trap.,
Ins.,
Tax.
89 : 40, 42 et seq.
Mos.
Wiedemann,
_igramonte,
Ent.
of the World,
y Enf.
Indisch,
SW.
11
12 : 39.
Zuin,
Nat.
Vei.
Bul.
179
Irib.,
&
21
*in.
Ci.
1947
& Belkue,
3941 Rozehoom,
_itlas.
& Sau.
1939 Kumm
~IIIII~
J. HJ.~.,
As. Est.
-11. Hig.
438
1940
1940 Vnrgas.
lted.,
to the
93
Bogotri,
Mosquito
I9
;
:
90
J. Trap.
_hlI.
$ How:nd,
Hlth.,
176.
22
114
Bul.
Med..
Keys
J. Pub.
1.
id., 22
Med..
Hlth.,
_kn.
Rico.
483.
16
Med.,
Med.,
J. Ilop.
1942
Pto.
177.
Soto,
29
Caracw,
&
Gac.
c%
709.
27 : 99.
_%m. J. Trop.
1940
Med.,
& al.,
Alg&tie,
9: Ruin,
1911
Ins.
Am.
377.
$ Prop.
1938
Gabaldon,
id.,
516.
3 : 91.
1936 Earle
Senevet,
Hoffman,
Root,
323.
Rozehoom,
An.
Ent. Sot., dtn.,
Curry,
Canal Zone San., 20.
1938
447.
103.
1938
1938
1924
1936
1936
;ii.
15
62
Med.,
J. Pub.
: 91,0.i.
979.
A104. Sur.,
Med.,
Riro
28
176.
434.
South,
Rico,
411.
1.51.
2761
Trop.
RIM.,
1%
Crux,
& Par.,
6: Bonne-Wepster,
1928
0.
S. Nat.
221.
Mon.,
&led.
1821.
10.
13.
Sot.,
8:
Ins.
Alerts.,
Wiedemann,
albimanus
212.
Xm.,
Mem.
1918
192G Hoffman,
E L I r\ I
Tu. Paris,
Ent.
B: Kinat),
1921
192.5 Bonne
Cul.,
Sot.
DJ-ar
Ins.
II
., 1
H.
In?.,
.J. N.
Ent.
Got
Sot.
Zweifl.
Mon.
1915
Dipt.
Mem.
Aus.
& I&lb,
1917Howard,
(Nyssorhynchus)
1821
l9OG Dear
albipes
Gmncr,
190.5 9nopheles
dubius
Blnnchard,
1906
Anoplleles
albipes
II:-ar
1911
ilnopheles
cubensis
In.
El
119.
Exot.,
11og.
Theobald,
Med.,
10.
10 : 460.
Mon.
Cul.,
125.
134.
Les Jloustiques,
& k-nab,
Smconf
Xexico,
Dipt.
J.
N.
& Rincones,
Y.
Esi.
202.
Ent.
Dipt.
Sot.,
Vul.
14
Vcn.,
173.
68
72.
Female - Palpus with segments I and II blackish with an apical white ring,
blackish, IV u-hitc, rarely with grayish scales intermixed.
Legs : Fore tarsi. Segment I dark with apical white ring, II 2nd III basal)
dark, apically white, IT and V dark. Mid tarsi ; segments I and II dark escept
III
257
ANOPHELINI
for a small distal white ring, other segments dark. Hind tarsi. Tarsus I dark
with sparse white scales at apex, II with 50% basal black, the apex and segments
III and IV white, V with a basal black ring, the rest also white.
Wing (fig. 228). covered with blackish and yellow whitish scales ; spot B. 2
larger than the dark ones which preceeds it.
Fig. 22 8. -
Fig. 229. -
Anophelrs (Nyssorhynchus)
Ross & Roberts, 1943,
albimanus
Wiedemann,
Mosquito Atlas, 1: 35).
1621.
Wing.
(Based on
(Nyssorhynchus)
albimanus
Wiedemann,
1821.
JiIale genitalia.
(Based on Komp, 1942, An. of the Caribbean Region, figs. 137, 138, 139).
Anopheles
ANOPHELINI
258
Abdomen dark ; tergites covered with light scales ; poster0 lat,eral t.ufts
; sternites without white scales on first tergites ;
present, from segments III-VII
cerci with blackish and yellowish mixed scales.
iWale - Genitalia : (fig. 229). Lobes of claspette united, the apes blunt, a
small sclerotized spot in middle preapically, in front two ovate, delicate, lightly
sclerotized lobes. Mesosome tubular, without leaflets, the apex rounded. Anal
lobe conical, delicate, the paraprocts quite developed.
Pupa Not described.
Larva - (fig. 230). Head : Antenna spiculose, the spicules large on interna.
portion, terminal hair four branched, antenna1 hair on basal fourth and triramous.
Clypeal index about 1 ; hair 3 a little shorter than 2 both covered with simple,
long hairs ; 4 simple and small ; 8 bifid or trifid and long ; 9 trifid a.nd long ; 14
bifid or trifid and shorter ; 13 trifid or four branched.
230
231.
Fig. 230. -
Wiedemann, 1821.
Larva.
Clypeal
hairs and prothoracic group.
(Based on Kemp, 1942, Anophelin,s of the
Caribbean Region, 116, fgis. 88 and 89).
Fif.
Egg.
231. -
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
albimanus
27 (1)
99).
Prothorax
with hair 1 inserted in the same sclerite as 2 and with more than
twenty filiform leaflets inserted at different levels and appearing feathered.
Abdomen with tuft 1 from segment I to VII, in I with ten leaflets which are
palmate and blunt at apex, in II-VII
with 20 lanceolate, blunt leaflets ; segment
I with hair 2 trifid, 3 simple, 4 branched, 5 trifid, 6 and 7 long and pennate ; II
with hair 0 four branched, 2 trifid, 3 four branched, 4 simple, 5 five branched, 6
and 7 as in I ; III with hairs 0 and 2 as in II, 3 trifid, 4 and 5 as in II but longer
and 5 with six branches ; IV with hair 0 as in II, 2 simple, 3 and 4 triramous, 4
longer, 5 with four branches, 6 long and simple. Pecten with two long teeth, two
shorter, a small one, three even smaller, a long one, five shorter and a long one.
Egg - Rozeboom (1938) : - (fig. 231). The exochorion covering the ventral
surface with rows of small silver spots ; the exposed dorsal endochorion of an even
black color ; dorsal surface flattened. The floats are large, about four-fifths, the
length of the egg, and are placed laterally. The inner dorsal edges of the floats are
well separated from one another, and often gradually approach one another at the
center of the egg, so that the lateral borders of the exposed dorsal surface are slightly
concave. The frill is a very narrow band extending from the end float ridges, bardering the dorsal surface, except at the ends of the egg, where it dips below the
.I
II
L I N
rounded tips, so that when viewed dorsally a small portion of the frill cannot be
seen.
Type Zocdity S. Domingo.
Type ? ?
Bistribu2ion - Central
America
: Mexico,
Coast of Venezuela,
Colombia, Guianas
and Equador.
Transmission of mdariu - Wherever found it shows itself one of the most
important malaria vectors.
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
1932
Anopheles
(N.)
tarsimaculatus
1940
AnopheZes
(IV.)
aquasalis
1940
Gabaldon
& Aguilera,
1941
Rozeboom,
1942
Komp,
Nat.
1942
Galvao
& Damasceno,
1943
Galvis,
Rev.
1943 Russell
1943
Ross
Am.
Keys
1943
Downs
1943
Ga!vgo,
Ar.
& al.,
1944
Causey
Cova-Garcia,
1947
Floch
1947
Deane
1948
Giglioli,
1948
Deane
1950
Downs,
1950
Kuyp,
1951
Giglioli,
syn.
1905
Am.
Ins.
Rev.
Mos.
& Damasceno,
Mos.
Kon.
Ver.
Indian
1915 Zetek,
Howard,
1923
Godoy
1923
Root,
1923
Bonne
Root,
An.
1923
Petrocchi,
Bonne
1927
Shannon
Dyar,
1930
Shannon
1931
Shannon,
Goeldi,
1933
Shannon,
Senevet
Sot.
Am.,
Hyg.,
Hyg.,
Ins.
Sau.
322,
Pub.,
276.
463.
345,
363.
501
1949 Deane
& al.,
: 793.
5 (4)
465-512.
Par&,
19
133.
160.
221.
4 : 975.
Ins.
Bact.
37 :
29.
Ins.
B.
Men.,
A.,
Mos.
Ponte,
Sur.,
Rev.
Ins.
Ent.
Sot.
11
127.
253.
511.
Bact.
B. A.,
53.
439.
& Davis,
An.
Am.,
Proc.
Ent.
Sot.
Wash.,
33
Proc.
Ent.
Sot.
Wash.,
35
& Abonnenc,
Ar.
Rep.
1Med. San.
1936 Earle,
Bm.
J. Trop.
J.
1938
Rozeboom,
Am.
Gabaldon,
Pub.
44
1938
GalvSio
& Lane,
1939
Kumm
& Ruiz,
Am.
Kumm
& Soto,
hlem.
& Unti,
Pub.
Liv.
16
27
Mal.,
J. Trop.
Meh.,
Sal.
Pub.
Serv.
Prof.
1941
Komp,
Am.
As. Adv.
Sci.,
GalvBo
& Damaqceno,
Fol.
AlgCrie,
12 : 29.
Am.
J. Med.,
16 : 459.
100.
Prof.
1942
120.
1936 Earle,
Caracas,
488.
100.
459.
Jubilar
S. Paulo,
23
:
:
Pasteur
Dep.,
Hyg.,
Div.
Zool.
Ins.
Med.,
1938
Ar.
301,
Wash.,
Mon.,
Med.,
1931 Earle,
Galvgo,
122.
4.
37.
OS Mos.
Sot.
Am.,
87,
41 et seq.
Biol.
& Del
35,
Pub.,
Proc.
Rev.
XIos.
1934
1940
89
& Bonne-Wepster,
1928
1940 Ramos
Sau.
& Bonne-Wepster,
1925
130.
31.
144
5 (3) : 293-403
Bras.
J.
Guyane,
Esp.
& Pinto,
Am.
159.
14
2.
Serv.
& Knab,
J.
122,
2pp.
Dyar
Am.
566.
29.
Guiana,
Ins.,
Ent.
26, 38.
142.
Br.
tarsimacuZata
& Knab,
1917
1924
Ind.
J. hlal.,
AnopheEes
1906 Dyar
10
15
46.
Panam.,
Esp.
Rev.
News,
39
Serv.,
Mal.,
33.
2 :
Pasteur
Serv.
Contr.
J. Hyg.,
Div.
World,
Sot.,
San.
of the
Pub.,
J. Hyg.,
Conf.
& Abonnenc,
& al.,
Mal.
73,
12
Atlas,
& Sau.
XII
& Biol.,
Bogot&,
to the An.
Nat.
Hig.
Am.
Pub.
102.
179
Clin.
Mosquito
& al., J.
1946
Bol.
Curry,
& al.,
67.
Bul.,
Med.,
& Roberts,
Sci.,
Hlth.,
Fat.
& al.,
id.,
As. Adv.
Ins.
aquasalis
Gabaldon
Curry, 1932.
aquasalis
197.
Travassos,
19
y Prot.
Mal.,
173.
438
Sot.,
14
7.
14
1940 Kumm
412
1940
22.
412.
90.
Clin.
& Biol.,
129
1942 Galr:lo
12
260
A N 0 P H
56 ;
syn.
syn.
1942 GalvBo,
1943
Del
Ponte,
1943
Barrett0
1943
Mullin-Diaz,
1943
Coutinho,
1943
Co&a,
id.,
12 : 237.
Ins.
Bact.
& Coutinho,
Rev.
Corn.
Ar.
Ar.
Zool.,
Hig.,
Hig.
13
B. A.,
Mus.
85
id.,
S. Paula,
Thesis,
46.
65
gorgusi
Dyar
1907
Anopheles
A.
1932
Anopheles
(IV.)
tarsimacuZatus
Anopheles
(N.)
emiliunus
1941
1948
An.
var.
Anopheles
aquasalis
Pet.
Co.,
H.
N.,
1943
8
& Knab,
tarsimuculatus
of the World,
Biol.,
Komp,
J.
321.
id.,
N.
aquaselestis
Ent.
Y.
Ent.
Curry,
Sot.
and Anopheles
Am.,
1944 GalvBo,
Corr&a
Univ.
15 :
Med.
Am.
Ar.
1.
id., 8
SOL,
Trop.
51.
id., 9
An.
45 ; 1944 GalvBo,
guarauno
1943 Galvgo,
& Ramos,
Evans,
An.
Montevideo,
Ramos,
124
1944 Corr&a
1921
albimanus
11 : 489.
Bras.
& Grieco,
to the
subsp.
Rev.
E L I X I
J.
142
198.
& Par.,
Hyg.,
15
13
460.
566.
Hig.
aquasalis
& Sau.
Pub.,
delta Anduze,
142.
Bol.
Med.
Creole
18.
Female - Palpus with segment I having erect, blackish scales, a few white
ones at apex, II blackish, rarely with white scales on dorsal surface ; III and IV
white on upper surface and with a transversal dark band separating the segments ;
the inferior surface is also dark.
Legs : Fore tarsi with basitarsus black dorsally, yellowish ventrally and
with a narrow apical ring ; segments II and III with more than the basal half
dark, the apical one white ; IV and V dark. Mid tarsi with segments I, II and III
dark, except for a narrow apical white ring, IV and V dark. Hind tarsi with I
dark on dorsal surface, yellowish below, II with 25% of basal black but some
specimens can have as much as 50% black, III and IV white, V with a narrow
basal ring.
Wing with 3.4 mm in length ; light scales yellowish white ; spot B. 2 larger
than the pre-humeral one, rarely smaller ; spot SC. large.
Abdomen dark, tergites covered with light scales ; posterolateral tufts present from segment II to VII ; sternite without white scales on segment I ; cerci
with white scales.
Male - Genitalia : (fig. 232). Lobes of claspettes broad, the apex broad and
truncate, little sclerotixed, covered with fine, short pilosity, with a small preapical
plate. Mesosome without leaflets, the apex rounded, basal plates triangularly
shaped. Anal lobe slender, conical, the paraprocts quite developed, expanded
at base.
Pupa - Abdominal seta A with little less than half the length of respective
segment.
Larva - (fig. 233). Head : Antenna with longer and denser spiculosity internally, the external sabers longer than the internal ones, the apical hair a little longer
than sabers and trifid ; basal half with a four branched hair. Clypeal index 1.0
to 1.4 ; hair 3 slightly shorter than 2, both covered with long, simple pilosity ;
4 bifid or trifid and small ; 8 with four branches ; 9 with three or four, both quite
long ; 13 and 14 trifid.
Prothorax with tuft 1 formed by 11 to 17 palmate leaflets with blunt apex,
this tuft is not inserted on same sclerite as hair 2.
Abdomen : Tuft 1 from segment I to VII, on I formed by twelve leaflets, on
others by twenty ; I with hair 2 four branched, 3 simple, 4 branched, 5 trifid, 6 and
7 feathered ; II with hair 0 four branched, 2 with four longer branches, 4 a tuft
of five branches, 5 simple, 6 and 7 as in I ; III with hairs 0 and 2 trifid and long,
3 with four branches, 4 simple and long, 5 long but with a tuft of six branches, 6
pennate ; IV with 0 five branched, 2 simple, 3 with four branches, 4 and 5 a long,
trifid tuft, 6 long and simple. Interspiracular sclerite with anterior process developed, the lateral ones short.
261
ANOPHELINI
is strongly concave. The floats are large, approximately three fourths the length
of the egg, and placed laterally. The margins of the floats may cover a considerable
portion of the dorsal surface, and may be quite irregular. The frill is a narrow
band extending from the end float ridges, bordering the dorsal surface.
232.
233.
Fig.
232.
Anopheles
Fig.
233.
Larva.
Fig.
234.
Egg.
(Based
on Galvgo,
1943,
br.
Hig.
& Sau.
Pub.,
S. Paulo,
156-162;
egg based on Rozeboom,
1938,
Am. J. Hyg.,
27 (1):
99).
(Nyssorhynchus)
aquasalis
1932.
&
my,
Male
genita!ia.
(19)
Anopheles
1922
CelZia Peryassfi,
1933
Anopheles
1934
Senevet,
(Nyssorhynchus)
A Fl.
Med.,
(Nyssorhynchus)
Ar.
Ins.
Pasteur
3 :
Verteuil,
Algkrie,
oswaldoi
(Peryassti, 1922).
179.
Pap.
12 :
Leg.
29.
Coun.
Trin.
& Tob.,
32
27.
.\ s
262
1938
Rozeboom,
1938
Galvt?o
1938
Gabaldon,
Am.
.J. Hyg.,
& Lane,
Lv.
Pub.
Div.
Rev.
1938
& _ibonnenc,
Senevet
1940 Gabaldon
1940
Biol.
& al.,
Ramos
& Unti,
A El.
1940
Galvgo,
,4r.
1940
Unti,
1941
Komp,
Am.
1941
GalvEo
& Lane,
121,
131
Med.,
Komp,
1942
Fonseca
Nat.
1942
Co&a
& Ramos,
1942
Galvis,
Fat.
& al., J.
& al.,
Keys
1944
Causey
& al.,
Am.
1944
Co&a
& Ramos,
1946
Cova-Garcia,
XII
1947
Deane
Rev.
1947
Coutinho,
1947
Floch
Giglioli,
1950
Kuyp,
syn.
1926
Anopheles
1928
Lima,
1937
GalvBo
1924
Anopt,eles
S. Paulo,
Abonnenc,
Mos.
Kon.
Ver.
(N.)
(N.)
1939 Galvao
8:
Rev.
IMed.
102,
35
& Damasceno,
Fol. Clin.
et Biol.,
14:
106.
1943 Corr&a
& Ramos,
id.,
51.
48.
Pub.,
130.
34,
86,
121.
301,
321,
Guyane,
344,
36.5.
144
6.
37.
42 et seq.
3
,Zm. J. Hyg.,
6 : 709.
: 95 ; 1930 Pinto, id., 23
37.
Root,
Supl.
Hyg.,
osaaldoi
Cir.,
larsimaculatus
& Lane,
102.
160.
Guiana,
Cruz,
Biol.
: 509.
48.
tarsimaculatus
-111. Paul.
Anophefes
lnsteur
89
41
id.,
1.
56.
16
Pub.,
San
Ins.,
id.,
: 29.
Panam.,
tarsimaculatus
& al.,
124,
2.
Thesis,
0.
74,
Pub.,
& Sau.
Br.
Ins.
12
39
Serv.,
Ind.
(N.)
Mem.
Pee&a,
sgn.
Ins.
Contr.
Med.,
1942 Galvao
of the World,
Esp.
Africa
45.
Sot.,
San.
10
Butantan,
12
Hig.
Serv.
7.
Rozeboom,
Hig.,
179
Hyg.,
Ar.
& Sau.
Mal.
J.
432.
-4r.
to the An.
Conf.
Univ.
1948
Hig.
Nat.
14
430,
1941
: 493.
16
65.
Lucena,
11
Ins.
Bogota,
Downs
1937
Mem.
Med.
*Mal.,
Hig.,
Bul.
Russell
WI.
Biol.
Ar.
26,
1940
90
Hlth.,
Ins.
Algerie,
40
& al.,
1943
vn1.
;
1 :
Galv%o
1943
Prof.
175.
101.
Pasteur
:
Sci.,
& Fonseca,
& al.,
51,
Serv.
Med.,
1942
Ins.
Mal.,
As. Adv.
1942
Div.
Rev.
Travassos,
S. Paula,
Zool.
Paul.
Ar.
Pub.
1940 Lucena,
An.
Hyg.,
Pub.
101.
Prof.
Mal.,
1938 GalvBo,
27
Jub.
Lv. Jub.
26
Christophers,
1934 Pires,
Ind.
Fat.
Med.
Med.
metcalji
Galvao
& Lane,
Prof
Travassos,
175
154.
Bre.
Mem.
S. Paulo
An. Fat.
Med.
1944 Galvso,
(Thesis),
ilr.
: 39 ; 1934
54 : 59.
S. Paula,
Hig.
13
218
143.
1942
Anopheles
1947
A.
(N.)
(Nyssorhynchus)
1947
A.
(IV.> kondtrz
konderi
Coutinho,
Deane
konderi
Univ.
Galvgo
S. Paulo,
Serv.
& Damasreno,
Thesis,
Esp.
Sau.
Fol.
Clin.
et Biol.,
14
115.
50.
Pub.,
Female - Palpus with segments I and II having an apical white ring, III
and IV with the white predominating, the blackish ring separating these segments,
a blackish stripe on ventral surface.
Legs as in A. strodei except hind tarsus II which has only the basal sixth
black. King and abdomen as in A. strodei.
Male - Genitalia : (fig. 235). Lobes of claspettes pilose, subtriangular, with
median sclcrotization and a sclerotized preapical plate. Mesosome without leaflets,
short, thick, the apex rounded, laterally with a groove before apex. Anal lobe
delicate, conical, the paraprocts developed and subtriangular.
Pupa - Abdominal hair A short.
Larva - (fig. 236). Head : Antenna as in A. strodei. Clypeal index 1. Hair
3 slightly shorter than 2, bot.h with dichotomized branches beyond the basal third ;
4 small and with three to five branches.
Prothorax with hairs 1 quite separated and with twelve palmate branches,
exceptionally with a larger number, apex pointed ; these tufts are on a distinct
sclerite from 2.
Abdomen with tuft, 1 with slender, truncate leaflets, rarely they are pointed ;
tergal plate of segment VIII larger than in VII ; interspiracular sclerite with the
0 I
I-,
L I
263
anterior process developed, the lateral ones even more developed and nearly as
long as the narrowest portion of this sclerite.
Egg - Galvao & Lane (1938) : - (fig. 237) Apresenta apenas urn colarinho
no polo cephalico. OS fluctuadores tomam todo o seu comprimento e apresentam
de 40 a 45 gomos.
237.
236.
235.
Fig.
235.
Anopheles
some
Fig.
Fig.
226
237.
Type
(Nyssorhynchus)
and
anal
hairs,
1943,
Egg.
Rozeboom,
locality
on
Anopheles
1939
Kwnnl
Soto,
Komp,
& Ruiz,
Costa
Kemp,
Am.
As. Adv.
19-Q
Iiomp,
Nat.
Ins.
1942
Galvao
& Damasceno,
Russell
&Z al.,
1949
Lnur,
1950
Ku\
Keys
(111 Boytl).
Sci.,
FI.
Clin
to the
Inst.,
of the
1
J.
Meso-
genitalia.
Hyg.,
: 438 ;
: 1941
123.
27:
Trinidad
95-107).
1940 Kumm
132.
VVorld.
31.
14
, 42 et vq.
Venezuela
Kemp,
Colom-
1936.
160.
Kumm,
161.
(Both
spiracular
apparatus.
8: 156-162).
Santo, Minas
38:
402.
8!>
Rica
Rozeboom,
75,
et Biol.,
An.
Malarioloey,
22
1941
179
and
Sau. Pub.,
_lm.
Wahb.,
19
Sot.,
90
Bul.
VET. Indisrh
Xals
anomalophyllus
Sot.
Med.
y Prot.
Hlth.
1943
Ent.
J. Trop.
Pub.,
1941
l,, Ken.
Proc.
9m.
Sal.
group
&
1938,
(Nyssorhynchus)
(IV.)
Nem.
protboracic
_Lr. Hig.
State of Espirito
Brasil,
Janeiro. Type in I. 0. C. ?
Distribution - Panama
bia:
Guianas
and Bra&l.
193B Anopheles
1922).
lobe.
Larva
Clypeal
based on
Galvlo,
(Based
(Peryassn,
oswaldoi
id.,
Ned.,
21
43.
&mm 8~.
264
SNOPHELINI
239.
238.
Fig.
238.
Anopheles
Fig.
239.
Egg.
(Based
on Komp,
and Kumm,
1941,
Am.
(Nyssorhynchus)
Kemp,
anomalophyllus
Xale
1936.
1942,
An. of the Caribbean
J. Hyg.,
21:
100, Pl. 2).
Reg.,
162,
genitalia.
figs.
149,
150
(Nyssorhynchus)
Anopheles
1938
Anopheles
1942
GalvLo
1943
Barrett0
1943
Corr&a,
1943
Fonseca
1944
Causey
1944
Unti
1944
A.
8
oswaldoi
Hig.
Fol.
Am.
& Ramos,
Ar.
noroestensis
143 ;
1947
Coutinho,
Deane
1949
Lane,
Univ.
1940
Anopheles
(N.)
1942
Anopheles
(N.)
.4n.
& Sau.
Jub.
Prof
Travassos,
176.
321.
49.
id.,
28.
Ar.
Hig.
& Sau.
Pub.,
37 ;I
1944 GalvBo,
id.,
130.
50.
Sau.
Pub.,
301,
322,
344,
365.
403.
oswaldoi
darki
of the
15 :
& Unti.
Thesis,
Esp.
Liv.
125.
128.
Pub.,
Lane
& Ramos,
Serv.
& Lane,
14:
: 2.
39
GalvBo,
Biol.,
& Biol.,
S. Paulo,
Rev.
Malariology,
to the
Bras.
Hyg.,
Hig.
Galvao
et Biol.,
Pub.,
Clin.
J.
1944 Corr&a
& al.,
Clin.
Rev.
& Sau.
& Unti,
et al.,
(N.)
noroestensis
Fol.
& Coutinho,
Ar.
1947
syn.
(N.)
& Damasceno,
noroestensis
agrozai
Komp,
World,
44.
Proc.
Unti,
Ent.
An.
Sot.
Paul.
Med.
Wash.,
44
& Cir.,
197
40
377.
1943 Russell
265
-4NOPHELINI
Female - Palpus with segment I dark at base, with white scales ; II dark
with scattered white scales and an apical white ring ; III with white scales predominating on dorsal surface, dark ones on the ventral ; IV with a few white scales.
Legs : Fore pair ; tarsus I with dark brown scales mixed with yellowish
ones and a light ring at apex ; II with 60% basally dark brown, the rest white ;
III with 30% basally dark brown, the rest white ; IV dark brown ; V with basal
two thirds dark, the rest white. Mid pair. Tarsus I with light scales on one side
and dark brown ones on the other, the otherisegments dark brown with a light
241.
242.
240.
Pig. 240. -
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
noroestensis
Galvlo
&
Lane,
1938.
Xale
talia.
Fig. 241. -
Larw.
Fig. 242. -
Egg.
Clypeal hairs.
(Based on Galvgo, 1943,
Ar.
156-162).
geui-
266
13 E
L I
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
Cova-Garcia
1940
Anoph~les
Gabaldon,
26, 36, 69
1941
Rozeboom,
1942
Galvfio
1912 Galvgo,
Cova-Garcia
1941 Cova-Garcia
Am.
As.
Adv.
8.~ Damasceno,
Ar.
Hig.,
1943
Russell
& al.,
1943
Galvis,
Rev.
1943
Causey
& al.,
1946
Cova-Garcia,
XII
1947
Deane
Rev.
1945
C;ig!ioli,
& al.,
Mos.
12
Keys
Fat.
Am.
Contr.
Serv.
Pub.
id.,
Div.
7
Mx.,
3 : 9 ; 1940
: 57.
103.
& Biol.,
14
121.
241.
of the World,
BogotB,
J. Hyg.,
Conf.
& Lopez,
Clin.
to the An.
Med.,
& Marcano,
Sci.,
Fol.
Gabaldon,
rangeli
39
San.
Rr.
49.
43.
2.
Panam.,
Esp.
Serv.,
12
Sau.
Pub.,
Guiana,
37,
89,
123.
302,
322,
1
37.
344,
3%.
Gabnlclo!l
Cyral.. id.,
1950
Kuyp,
1950
Lane
Kon.
Ver.
(in Boyd),
Indisch
Ins.,
Malariology,
89 :
I
0 P II
E L I N I
267
42 et seq.
403.
Fen&e - Tying with spot B. 2 half as long or three times as long as t,he prehumeral spot ; spot on SC. very large. Fore tarsus II with 45 to 85% of basal black
generally 60 to 70y0 ; III with 20 to 45y0 basally black, Hind tarsus II with 15 to
359$ basally black, generally from 20 to 30%.
Mule - Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of the last segment.
Genibalia : (fig. 243). Dorsal lobes of claspettes fused, the preapical plate
not strongly sclerotized with a small, basally directed projection, the basal espansions with thick externally erect and internally bunched setae ; refringent structure
U-shaped and hyaline. Mesosome with long apex and usually without leaflets.
243.
244.
Fig.
243.
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
Male
genitalia.
Fig.
244.
Egg.
(Based
on
the
original
rang eli
Gabald LO%
Cova-Garcia
&
Lopez,
1940.
de 5cription).
265
ANOPHELINI
Anopheles
1940
Anopheles
1942
Galvao
(Nyssorhynchus)
Gabaldon,
& Damasceno,
1943
Russell
1943
Galvis,
Rev.
1944
Galvgo,
Ar.
1947
Deane
& al.,
1947
Floch
Fat.
Rig.
Coutinho,
1948
Giglioli,
1950
Kuyp,
1950
Lane
Kon.
(in
Boyd),
Aguilera,
Div.
Br.
Inst.,
Malariology,
(N.)
Mal.,
ooeldii
5
Sau.
Keys
A.
goeldii
Russell
& al.,
A.
goeldii
Causey
1945
Anopheles
dunhami
122.
id.,
7 : 59.
47.
301,
144
322,
341,
365.
6.
37.
42 et seq.
403.
1941
1943
(N.)
1944
14 :
& al.,
50.
Guiana,
Rozeboom
72
Gabaldon
World,
Guyane,
1941
146.
89
1
40.
Pub.,
Thesis,
Serv.,
Indisch
Pasteur
S. Paula,
Ver.
Anopheles
Esp.
Ins.
Contr.
of the
Pub.,
Ser.
& Biol.,
Bogota,
& Sau.
Univ.
Clin.
Gabaldon, 1940.
nuGez=tovari
Mal.,
to the An.
Rev.
Mos.
Div.
Fol.
Med.
& Abonnenc,
1947
syn. 1941
Pub.
& Gabaldon,
Gabaldon
to the An.
J. Hyg.,
Causey,
J.
Nat.
Am.
J. Hyg.,
of the
7 :
33 : 89 ; 1941
Gabaldon
&
59.
World,
46.
2.
Mal.
Sot.,
Female - Proboscis longer than fore femur. Palpus the length of proboscis,
last two segments white scaled, black at base, II and III blackish and shaggy, IV
white at apex, scattered white scales on distal portion.
Legs : Fore tarsi with broad white rings of first three segments, IV dark, V
white on apical half. Mid tarsi with distinct rings on I and II, III and IV with
such rings indistinct, V with a white ring at apex. Hind tarsi I with small apical
spot, II with 40yo basally black, other segments white but V with a distinct apical
ring.
Wing with spot B. 2 larger or smaller than the preceeding black one. SC. small.
Abdomen : Tergites extensively covered with yellowish scales ; posterolateral
tufts from segments II-VII
and blackish scaled. Sternites with segment I dark
scaled. Cerci densely covered with yellow scales.
iWale - Palpus nearly as long as proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 245). Claspettes with fused internal lobes, basally hairy ;
preapical plate rounded ; apex broadened, rounded, incised centrally ; external
lobes long and rounded at apex, ending in three long, curved leaflets. Mesosome
as broad as long at apex which is rounded, broad and with a pair of leaflets on each
side.
Pupa Undescribed.
Larva - (fig. 246). Hairs 1 and 2 single, with minute lateral branchelets on
apical half. Clypeal index 1. Prothorax with hair 1 palmate, formed by ten or
twelve pointed leaflets arising at same level. Abdomen with tufts 1 present from
segment I, the leaflets pointed and with smooth margins. Hair 6 of segments IV-VI
very long and single. Breathing apparatus with anterior flaps reduced or absent.
Egg - (fig. 247). Rozeboom & Gabaldon (1941, for goeldii) : - . . . The frill
is present on both ends of the egg as a horseshoe-shaped ribbon of exochorion ; the
floats are separated from one another on the dorsal surface, so that there is an
exposed area of dorsal endochorion between the floats and in the area bordered by
the frill. Float with approximately 25 ridges.
Type locality - Venezuela,
Cojedes, San Carlos. Type in Div. Mal. Venezuela.
Distribution - Venezuela,
Cojedes, San Carlos, Maracay, Aragua, La Ceiba,
Trujillo : Co1ombia,
Andagoya : British
Guiana
: Brad,
Northern portion.
245.
Fig. 245. -
Anopheles
24G.
(Nyssorhynchus)
Gabaldon,
Original.
nuiiez-tovari
247.
1940.
Male
genita;iu.
Fig. 246. -
Larva.
Clypeal hairs, prothoracic hair 1 of abdomen and spiracular .appara(Based on Cova-Garcia, 1946, XII Conf. San. Pan-americana 1).
tus.
Fig. 247. -
Egg.
Anopheles
1943
1943
1944
1947
1947
1950
(Nyssorhynchus)
galvgoi
2).
131.
"70
_\SOPHELINI
do tipo de oswaldoi. Colarinho anterior formado por est,reito reb6rdo. Flutuadores longos extendendo-se da ponta posterior ao quartoinferior
do colarinho. Area entre of flutuadores escura, estreita e sem desenhos. C&ca de 45 gomos nos flutuadores. Exoc&ion da superficie ventral todo ocupado por manchas brancas ou eleva@es que
parecem brancas quando vistas sob luz forte.
Type locality - Brad,
TerriMrio do Acre, Rio Branco. Type in University
of S. Paulo.
Disttibution - Brad,
Territorio do Acre, States of Amazonas and Sao Paulo.
250.
Fig.
248.
Anopbdes
genitalia.
Fig.
249.
Larva.
Fig.
250.
Egg.
Pub.,
1926
daopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
galvFioi
Cause?.
Deane
&fesosome.
(Based
on GalrSio,
1944,
Ar.
Clypeal
(Both
1 (2)
1927
Shannon
1928
Lima,
Root,
& Del
Mem.
1931
Shannon
Proc.
1934
Senevet,
Ar.
1936
Galvgo
23
Med.
Hyg.,
Galv~o,
1938
Rozeboom,
Lucena,
1938
Senevet
1939
Kumm
1940
An.
13
id.,
1938
Sot.
Am.
Rev.
GaMo,
1941
Unti,
Pub.
J.
Hyg.,
27
Hyg.,
Ar.
Am.
Serv.
Esp.
Sau.
Root, 1926.
strodei
B.
A.,
53.
10 ;
S. Paulo,
Fol.
1933
Shannon,
id.,
35
120.
20.
12
Clin.
275
et Biol.,
id.,
104
1936 Galvgo
65
Biol.
& Lane,
1937 Galvao
Hyg.,
1938 Galvgo
41
& CorrBa,
Rev.
Xus.
& Lane,
Paul.,
Fat.
An.
Rev.
1928 Galvgo,
id., 9
112
1938
Pub.
1
: 102.
: 47.
Ins.
Pasteur
J. Trop.
Prof.
Mal.,
AlgBrie,
19
Med.,
& Soto,
Div.
Ent.,
Serv.
Rev.
100.
12
1938 Corr&a,
Biol.
Zool.,
Rev.
1947,
133.
& al.,
Ar.
1937 GalvSlo
7 ; 1940 Kumm
Gabaldon
Barretto,
221
Bact.
3
33 :
Med.
Deane,
711.
Blgerie,
& Lane,
& Abonnenc,
map
1940
Ins.
Wash.,
Fat.
51, 56
& Ruiz,
1940
Sot.
Supl.
Pasteur
1937 GalvWo
S. Paulo,
Biol.
Rev.
Cruz,
Ent.
Ins.
& Lane,
26 ;
0.
&
(Nyssorhynchus)
J. Hyg.,
Ponte,
Ins.
Deane
2).
Am.
&Tale
11).
Hairs.
based on Causey,
fig. 91 and pl.
-4nopheles
& Deane,
1943.
Hig.,
8 (19)
fig.
id.,
22
36.
438
16 : 493.
1939 Kumm
1940 Kumm
445.
11
159.
Mnl.,
9 : 1941 Unti,
An.
Paul.
Med.,
41
507.
Sal.
Pub.
Med.,
y Prot.
20
412.
.I
1941
Kumm,
1941
Co&a
& Ramos,
1941
Komp.
Am.
179
71,
120,
1943
Kumm
I% al.,
Grieco,
Ar.
1943
Russell
& al.,
1943
Corr&a,
Ar.
1944
Causey
1946
Cova-Garcia,
1947
Floch
Am.
Keys
& al.,
Am.
271
r\ I
38, 314.
id.,
102
1942
Komp,
Nat.
Ins.
Hlth.,
Bul.
Ins.
1947
Deane
Coutinho,
Rev.
1948
Giglioli,
1949
Castellanos
1950
Vargas
1950
Kuyp,
1950
Lane
(in Boyd),
sgn.
1928
Anopheles
1930
A. evansi Pinto,
Contr.
Ver.
1940
Anopheles
Guiana,
Med.,
1941
Anopheles
Mos.
Inst.,
Malariology,
evansi
(NJ
Mem.
27
1943 Galv%o
id., 8:
91,
125.
7.
302,
322,
344,
364.
37.
29
34.
de MBxico,
130.
42 et seq.
404.
(net
Ins. 0.
strodei
id., 8
49.
An.
89
Dyar
40,
144
Pub.,
Br.
Indisch
(N.)
Sau.
Trop.
Tax.
Guyane,
Serv.
J.
& Ramos,
2.
Panam.,
Esp.
49.
1944 Unti
131.
(Thesis),
Est.
(N.)
S. Paula
& Palacios,
39
374.
World,
126
9
Pasteur
Serv.
Med.
of the
San.
23
133.
id.,
J. Hyg.,
Conf.
& Abonnenc,
Mos.
& Ramos,
XII
Fat.
Ned.,
Exp.,
to the dn.
1947
subsp.
Pub.,
90 ; 1942 Rozeboom,
Corr&a
Kon.
& Sau.
J. Trop.
Clin.
Hig.
8: al.,
21 : 93.
Hig.
Sci.,
F, L
158.
Cir.
1944
Med.,
Ar.
9s. Adv.
1943
143
_%m. J. Trop.
P H
ramosi
strodei albertoi,
Brethk),
Crux,
23
Unti,
arthuri,
Mos.
An.
153
Paul.
artigasi
Am.,
438.
1932 Pinto,
Med.
Rev.
& Cir.,
Med.
40 :
Cir.,
40
287.
489.
Pub. Serv.
Prof. Mal.
8: 9.
Female - Palpus with the last segment dorsally white ; IV variable but with
a black ring or such a ring reaching the basal third or over whole segment or even
intermixed with white scales.
Wing with spot B. 2 always larger than the preceeding black one, sometimes
fused with B. 1 ; B. 3 and M. 3 are frequently missing. SC. generally large. Wing
scales whitish yellow.
Fore tarsi with 75?& black on II and 50% on III.
Hind tarsi with an apical
white ring I ; II with 40-45% black but from 33% to 50% in some specimens.
MaZe - Genitalia : (fig. 251). Root (1926) : - Similar to those of tarsimaculatus except as follows. The parabasal spine is more slender in strodei than in
tarsimaculatus. The chitinized strips which support the anal lobe are more slender
and less bulbous apically in strodei. The fused dorsal lobes of the claspette have
their tips laterally expanded, folded or striate, and hairless, and the hairy lobes
which project antero-dorsally are comparatively large. . . . the expanded and
striate tips of the dorsal lobes of the claspette are usually rather conspicuous and
form the best character for differentiating strodei from tarsimaculatus.
Pupa - Indistinguishable from those of albitarsis and alhimanus, thus having the postero-lateral spines of the posterior abdominal segments slender and
somewhat longer than in tarsimaculatus.
Larva - (fig. 252). Antenna as in al&tars&, the basal hair shorter. Clypeal
index from 2 to 3 ; hair 3 little shorter than 2, both with very short, sparse pilosity ; 4 small and bifid ; 8 with five branches ; 9 with four or five, this hair as
well as 8 short ; 14 trifid.
Prothorax with hair 1 divided into fifteen broad and pointed leaflets inserted
on a separate sclerite from 2.
Abdomen with tuft 1 formed by thirty pointed leaflets ; intersegmental
plate of segment VIII
one and a half times larger than in VII ; interspiracular
sclerite with the anterior and lateral processes developed and elongate.
Egg - Galvgo (1940) : - (fig. 253). Grupo I - Ovos largos, corn flutuadores
corn mais de 18 gomos e reb8rdos terminais longos. Grupo II - Ovos est,reitos,
corn flutuadores corn menos de 18 gomos. Existe urn tipo, deste grupo, corn rebbrdos
unidos aos flutuadores (Galvgo, 1938). Ha ainda urn Segundo tipo, deste grupo,
em que OS reb8rdos terminais apresentavam-se isoladod dos flutuadores. Grupo
272
ANOPHELINI
252.
Fig. 251. -
Anopheles
253.
(Nyssorhynchus)
strodei
Root, 1926.
Male
genitalia.
Mesosome
Fig.
253.
1947,
Rev. Serv.
(1938)
colectando ovos de strodei em criadouros naturais verificou que OSmesmos variavam
muito de morfologia, varia@o esta que agrupou em 3 tipos principais - A, B e C.
Na mesma 6poca Galvgo (1938) tendo oportunidade de estudar oviposi&o de A.
strodei em cativeiro, de femeas isoladas, verificou tambern uma grande variaggo
na forma dos ovos em diferentes oviposi@es. Dentre estas varia@es foram caracterizados 3 tipos diferentes, que sugeriam a possibilidade da existencia de diversas
variedades ou subesp&ies que foram denominados de tipo I, II e III.
Foram tambkm observadas numerosas v$zes anomalias acentuadas representadas pela presenga, numa mesma oviposi&o, de ovos de formas diferentes. Todavia estas anomalias sempre foram vistas em ovos que se enquadravam no tipo I e II. Concluimos,
pois, que OS ovos tipo A, B e C de Rozeboom representam anomalias de ovos que
.correspondem ao tipo II de Galvgo.
He continues. Unti
(1941) criando A.
II
pi
273
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
1922
Cellia
1925
Anopheles
Neiva
& Pinto,
1925
Bonne
1926
Root,
1927
Shannon
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
1928
Davis
& Shannon,
1933
Davis,
An.
Petrocchi,
Braz.
Rev.
& Bonne-Wepster,
Am.
1934 Pires,
J. Hyg.,,
& Del
Am.,
Ent.
Fat.
36
Ins.
Bact.
Mos.
Sur.,
Ins.
Bact.
Am.
Sot.
J.
Am.,
26
S. Paulo
(Thesis),
& al.,
1943
Galvgo,
Ar.
Hig.
& Sau.
Pub.,
8 :
1945 Ramos,
dr.
Hig.
& Sau.
Pub.,
10 : 9.
1950
Lane
Ins.
Keys
Rev.
(in Boyd),
Mos.
S. Paulo,
Rev.
Fat.
57.
67.
Russell
& al.,
448.
Del
Coutinho,
B. A.,
278.
1943
Zool.
Pub.,
1943
Deane
Sal.
Hyg.,
Galvgo,
1947
523.
715.
Rev.
1940
1946
522.
Martini,
Ponte,
322.
B. A.,
1935
Ar.
436.
Med.
Dep.
Ponte,
Med.,
rondoni
Back
to the
Serv.
Med.
Mexico,
B.
A.,
An.
Esp.
11 : 489.
of the World,
(Thesis),
1
49.
Sau.,
S. Paula
Malariology,
22.
447.
322,
& Ramos,
id.,
132.
364.
49.
403.
segment III
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
triannulatus
triannulatus
Ce2lia Neiva
1925
Anopheles
1926
Root,
Am.
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
1938
Galvao
& Barretto,
1940
Galvlo,
Ar.
Zool.
Galvgo,
id.,
11
1941
Komp,
& Pinto,
Bonne
J.
Hyg.,
Am.,
Am.
179 : 69,
As. Adv.
& Ramos,
& al., Keys
Rev.
1943
Fonseca
1943
Unti
id.,
1944
Hyg.,
502.
144.
437
90
1941 Rozeboom,
1941 GalvBo
& Lane,
Rev.
Biol.
Hyg.,
11
10 ; 1941
id.,
Nat.
Ins. Hlth,
Bul.
Wig.
12
to the An.
Med.,
Bogotg,
1942
12
Ins.
Bact.
B.
Unti,
Fol.
Clin.
& Biol.,
Ar. Hip.
56
GalvBo,
of the World,
.4.,
id.,
12
241.
50.
41.
11 : 489.
15
47.
28
1943 GalvBo,
id., 8
144
1944 CorrPa
& Ra ,mos,
132.
Causey
& al.,
1946 Coutinho,
Am.
Univ.
Floch
1948
Giglioli,
1949
Lane
1950
Kuyp,
syn.
1923
Cellia
1924
C. cuyabensis
J. Hyg.,
S. Paulo
1947
Abonnenc,
Mos.
(in Boyd),
Kon.
Ins.
Contr.
Anopheles
1925
A.
Pasteur
Serv.
(N.)
Neiva
A.
cuyabensis
and
A.
cuyabensis
and
bachma&
1928
Anopheles
(N.)
perezi
1933
Anopheles
(IV.)
strodei
1932
A.
1933
Gabaldon,
(N.)
1933
Shannon,
1935
Senevet,
Fat.
Med.
Proc.
1936
Rozeboom,
1937
Galvlo
& al.,
& Novis,
1938
Kumm
1938
Gabaldon,
1939
Am.
Sot.
J. Trop.
Biol.
,4m.
Pub.
Div.
Kumm
& Ruiz,
Am.
Kumm
& Soto,
Mem.
Gabaldon
& al.,
Rev.
Pub.
Med.,
Sal.
Div.
:
:
Med.,
Pub.
MaI.,
Paul.
hlos.
Med.
Am.,
& Cir.,
435.
26
1934 Pires
(net
287.
521.
41.
Caracas,
J. Trop.
(in Dyar),
715.
: 120.
: 352.
15
27
42
4 : 69.
70.
35
J. Hyg.,
Mal.,
437.
Cir.,
15
Hyg.,
B. A.,
Hyg.,
61.
AlgPrie,
Bact.
235.
J.
Ponte
132.
Am.,
(Thesis),
40
521.
An.
Med.
37
Sur.,
Root),
Wash.,
Pasteur
Rev.
8: Del
S. Paulo
Ins.
Am.
Mos.
PessBa (net
17
110s.
Root,
Caracas,
Ent.
Ins.
Rev.
Dyer,
Shannon
Pinto,
Gac.
Ar.
bachmani
Med.
bachmani
Med.,
Euot.,
Petrocchi,
A.
An.
Braz.
Pat.
& Bonne-Wepster,
1926
7.
52 et seq.
Sor.
1928
Root),
& Pinto,
bachmani
144
37.
404.
89
Bul.
Bonne
49.
Guyana,
Inst.,
Bonne,
cuyabensis
2.
Guyane,
Br.
Indisch
cuyabensis
39
(Thesis),
Malariology,
Ver.
1925
1940
Rev.
& Ramos,
9
Biol.
Sci.,
Ar.
Fat.
Ponte,
Sur.,
156.
Russell
Del
356.
Mos.
52.
Corr&a
Galvis,
36
715.
Rev.
1943
1943
6:
S. Paulo,
118,
Med.,
437.
1942
1943
Braz.
& Bonne-Wepster,
; 1938
: 197.
19 : 438 ;
503
y Irot.
5
Rozeboom,
id.,
27
101.
38.
Sot.,
1940 Kumm
22.
20
410
; 1940
Male - Genitalia : (fig. 254). Dorsal lobes of claspettes nude with lateral
expansions which are earlike and very characteristic.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 255). Head : Clypeal index 1,5 ; hair 3 slightly shorter than 2,
both w&h discreet lateral branches : 4 bifid and one fifth the length of 3.
Prothorax with the tufts 1 quite close together, inserted onseparate sclerites
from 2 and with fifteen to twenty slender and blunt leaflets.
*Abdomen with tuft 1 blunt at apex ; interspiracular sclerite with the anterior
process developed, the lateral ones much developed and nearly reaching the external
margin of spiracles, the internal margin serrate.
255.
Li~p. 2.54.
Anopheles
talk.
(Nyssorhynchus)
256.
triannulatus
(Neivn
&
Pinto,
1922).
Male
ge-
Egg - Galvao (1940) : - (fig. 256). Sas ovipos@es que obtivemos OS ovos
se apresentam de 2 tipos ; nos que chamamos de SalGbra I, &les sao curtos e largos,
de 396-408 micra de comprimento por 163-175 micra de largura. OS flutuadores
sao muito afastados na linha mediana e OS rebbrdos terminais se dispdem muito na
estremidade, de modo a envolver OS seus poles ou ultrapassti-los urn pouco. -4s
faces inferior e laterais apresentam o exocorion diferenciado em desenhos discrctos,
formando figuras hcxagonais e nzio as eleva$Tjes ovaladas que encontramos 110sovos
da cspecie nas diferentes zonas de S. Paulo. A sua configura@o geral, na face
superior lembra a de A. albimanus figurada por Rozeboom (1938). OS ovos do
segundo tipo, a que chamsmos de SalBbra tipo II, corn 419-437 micra de comprimento por 151-163 micra de largura, flutuadores longos e mais unidos na linha
mediana e rebbrdos terminais muito pcquenos e se inserindo na face superior do
A sua configura&o geral lembra a dos ovtis tlrsta
ovo, em posigao subterminal.
cxpecie de exemplares provenientes de Itapira da var. davisi. T&m entretant3, a
particularidade de r&o apresentarem o exocorion das faces inferior e laterai3 dilc-
276
E 1~ I N
renciados em eleva@es ovalares, mas sim quasi liso, apenas corn esb6Eo de eleva@es,
so observavel sob certa incidencia de luz . . . .
Type locality - Bras&
State of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba. Type in I. 0. C.
Distribution Panama:
Costa
Rica : Guianas:
Venezuela:
Peru :
Brad
: Paraguay
and Argentina.
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
triannulatus
davisi
Anopheles
Lima,
subsp.
Paterson
Supl.
& Shannon,
Mem.
Ins.
1941
Anopheles
1943
Russell
& al.,
1943
Galvgo,
Ar.
1946
Cow-Garcia,
(N.)
0.
Cruz,
3 .a Reun.
3
triannulatus
Keys
Hip.
XII
Conf.
Sot.
Arg.
An.
Pub.,
San.
Pat.
Reg.
N.,
100.
claoisi GalvZo
to the
& Sau.
& Lane,
of the World,
8
Rev.
Biol.
Hyg.,
11 : 10, 92.
50.
144.
Panam.,
38,
90,
125.
FemaZe - Generally larger than in the typical form. Spot B. 2 in most cases
large, sometimes as large as twice the size of the pre-humeral black spot. Otherwise
similar to the typical form.
Male - Genitalia similar t)o the t,ypical form.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 257). Clypeal index 1,2 ; hair 3 a third shorter than 2, both
with very short branches ; 4 small. bifid or trifid.
Prothorax with tuft 1 formed by thirteen to twenty slender leaflets with blunt
apex and inserted in a different sclerite from 2 ; interspiracular sclerite with average
anterior and lateral processes.
Egg - Galvao, Lane & Correia (1937) : - (fig. 258). Muito semclhantes
aos de strodei dos arredores de S. Paulo. As suas dimens6es sao urn pouco menores.
257.
Fig.
257.
Anopheles
258.
(Nyssorhynchus)
triannulatus
davisi
Paterson
&
Shannon,
1927.
Larva.
Fig._
258.
Egg.
(Eased
on
Galvgo,
1943,
Ar.
Hig.
&
Sau.
Pub.,
(19)
156-162).
0 P H
277
Comprimento - 431 a 466 micra ; maior largura, 139 a 151 micra. OS flutuadores
medem 244 a 291 micra de comprimento e sao divididos em 25 a 27 gomos, que n6o
apresentam embricamento lateral coma em strodei. 0 polo cefalico e mais dilatado
do que o caudal. Exocorion das faces lateraes e inferior corn eleva@es ovalares
identicas as de strodei e tarsimaculatus.
Argentina,
Type in U. S. N. M.
Type locality Distribution Argentina
and Brasil.
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
Cova-Garcia
1941
Anopheles
1943
Russell
Gabaldon,
& al.,
1943
Galvao,
Ar.
1944
Causey
& al.,
Keys
Hip.
Am.
1946
Cova-Garcia.
XII
1947
Deane
Rev.
& al.,
Cova-Garcia
to the An.
& Sau.
J.
Conf.
Serv.
& Lopez,
39 :
San.
Pub.
Mal.,
7 :63.
146.
2.
Panam.,
Esp.
Div.
44.
of the World,
Pub.,
Hyg.,
;Gabaldon,
benarrochi
Sau.
Pub.,
41,
93,
127.
302,
322,
344,
365.
Similar to A. aquasalis.
Female Male Genitalia (fig. 259). Gabaldon,%Cova-Garcia
& Lopez (1941) : . . . es semejante a 10s de las otras especies dela sub-serie triannulatus con excepcion de 10s 16bulos fundidos de la claspeta. Estos tienen el vertice ligeramente
ensanchado terminando en extremos agudos, muy diferentes de 10s abultamientos
apicales de A. strodei y de las prolongaciones en oreja de murcidlago de A. tkannuZatus. El vertice est& coma en las dos especies nombradas, desprovisto de pelos y
surcado por estrias bastante regulares. En su cara ventral se notan dos abultamientos que se unen en el centro, algo separados de 10s ensanchamientos laterales.
La placa quitinosa pre-apical es oval, de centro homogeneamente pigmentado, con
prolongaciones laterales de pigmentation difusa, que le da ,un aspect0 semilunar.
260.
269.
Fig.
259.
Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus)
Nesosome
(Based
7: 22, fig.
4).
Fig.
260.
Fig.
261.
Larva.
apparatus.
Palmate
(Based
Egg.
(Based
fig.
1).
on
on
261.
Gabaldon,
Cova-Garcia
&
benarrochi
Gabaldon,
tuft,
clypeal
on Cova-Garcia,
Gab&don,
hairs,
1946,
Cova-Garcia
Cova-Garcia
Lopes,
1941,
prothoracic
XII
Conf.
&
Lopez,
& Lopez,
Pub.
Div.
1941,
Ma].,
group
and
spiracular
San. Paranamericana
1).
1941,
Pub.
Div.
Mal.,
7:
4,
27s
branches beyond the middle ; 4 small and with three to five branches ; 8 with
four to seven branches ; 9 with five to eight branches ; 14 two or three branched
and small ; 13 with five to seven branches.
Prothorax wit.h t,uft 1 bearing twelve to fourteen broad, lanceolate leaflets.
Abdomen with tuft 1 small, with six to ten palmate, lanceolate leaflets on
segment I : II-VII
with fourteen to twenty five palmate, broad and truncate
leaflets. Interspiracular plate with anterior process blunt, the lateral ones reaching
the internal margins of spiracles ; pecten with long, serrate teeth at base.
Eyg (fig. 261). Extreme ant,erior provisto de una pequefia estructura
similar a un cue110 de camisa, mucho m&s estrecho que 10s presentados por A.
darlingi v A. mngeli. Los flotadores se extienden desde muy cerca de1 cue110referido
hasta casi cubrir el extremo posterior, de1 que apenas queda librc la punta. Los
flotadores, de un lado se encuentran en la cara dorsal con 10s de1 lado opuesto, no
dejando superficic dcscubierta. Los flotadores tienen alrededor de 40 compartimientos. La longitud de1 huevo oscila entre 482 y 500 micras ; y su anchura entre
214 y 232 micras. Los flotadores tienen de 410 a 428 micras de large.
?ype loculity - Venezuela,
Trujillo, La Ceiba. Type in Div. Mal. Venezuela.
Distribution - Venezuela,
Trujillo : Brasil,
Territorio do acre
Subgenus KERTESZIA
1905 Kerteszin Theobald,
An. PIUS.
1918 Dendropaedium
Dyar
& Knab,
1937 Kerteszia
1946 Kertesziu
Kemp,
An. Ent.
Coutinho,
Univ.
Nat.
Ins.
Hung.,
3
Ins. Men.,
Theobald, 1905.
:
66 6
type
: 141--
(Thesis),
boliviensis
type cruzi
Theobald.
Dyar
& Knah.
17.
Key
for
the
II
adults
I,
279
of KERTESZIA.
Kertestia
1913
Knab,
1917
Anopheles
1922
Kerteszia
(Kerteszia)
Theobald,
Ins.
Ins.
An.
Mus.
Mens.,
(Kerteszia)
Boy-d,
Dgar
Am.
Anopheles
(Anopheles)
1928
Anopheles
(Kertesziu)
1936
Anopheles
(Kerteszia)
1939
Anopheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
(Kertesria)
1941
Anopheles
Simons
1942
Anduze,
Rev.
1943
Russell
& al.,
1944
Lane,
1943
Castillo,
1916
Coutinho,
1946
Cova-Garcia,
1949
Lane
& ilitken,
Rev.
An.
Komp
Rep.
XII
(in Boyd),
Ar.
Med.
1st. Exp.
5
40
Mon.
to S. Am.,
1917 Dyar
Cul.,
118.
296.
& Knah,
id., 6
140
.%n. Ent.
Pub.
Zool.
Bul.,
Mos.
SW.,
id., 30
503.
533.
467.
E.
Sot. &km., 29
Div.
S. Paulo,
JIal.,
2
: 415 ;
: 5.
1937 Kemp,
516.
: 101.
7 : 45.
50
Venezuela,
of the World,
44.
264.
Ecuador,
Med.
Am.,
& Osorno,
to the An.
66 ; 1907 Theobald,
Rept.
Cova-Garcia,
S. As. Sot.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Galv.?o,
15
Hun.,
1915 Knab,
2 : 379.
Bonne
Dyar,
Keys
Fat.
& Knab,
Army
Ent.,
Nat.
17
J. Hyg.,
1925
1942
(Theobald, 1903).
boliviensis
S. Paulo
Conf.
San.
Malariology,
128.
(Thesis),
Panam.,
1
33.
1
57,
103,
131.
401.
280
ANOPHELINI
IMale - Komp & Osorno (1936) : - (fig. 262). Genitalia Side-piece rather
long, somewhat tapered towards tip, clothed outwardly with long setae and sparse
long scales. Clasper long, slender, curved, the tip somewhat enlarged, with very
small conical terminal spine. A minute patch of pilosity is near the base of the
clasper, and one or two long setae near the tip. *4t the base of the sidepiece, arising
from a tubercle, is a single long sinuate parabasal spine, tapering, with blunt tip.
About half-way up the side-piece is a pair of accessory spines. The inner spine is
longer and stouter than the outer, the tip flattened, widened and blunt. The outer
spine is more slender, shorter than the inner, tapered, with blunt tip. The mesosome
is long, tubular slightly expanded at tip, with no apparent leaflets. Claspette
composed of two lobes. The dorsal lobe bears two sets of filaments arising from
tubercles. The filaments are long, slender, flattened, sinuate, widened centrally,
the tips long and pointed. The ventral lobe is flattened, narrow at base, the apex
abruptly expanded into a thin membranous structure, the inner margin thickened,
straight, the outer edge thin, basally expanded, sinuate. The membrane is heavily
clothed with slender curved setae, dense on the inner margin, the outer margin
bare. Anal lobe rounded, conical, membranous, pilose basally. Ninth tergite membranous, without processes.
Fig.
262.
Anopheles
on Kemp
(Kerteszia)
&- Osorno,
boliviensis
1936.
Sn.
Theobald,
Ent.
Sot.
1905.
_4m., 29:
Male
fig.
genitalia.
416,
fir.
(Based
1 ).
Pupa - Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 263). Preclypeal spine very long and slender. Anterior clypeal
hairs long, simple, slightly further apart than the distance between them and the
outer clypeals ; anterior external clypeal hairs very stout, short ; posterior clypeal
hairs long, slender, well behind the anterior hairs ; subantennal hair very long,
exceeding the tip of the antenna, finely branched at tip ; all six frontal hairs simple,
the inner pair the longest, and strongest, the middle pair set close to these, somewhat
shorter, the outer pair inserted anterior to the middle pair, well separated from
these. Inner occipital hair missing but probably long and simple ; outer occipital
hair long, simple, inserted close to the sut#ure. hntenna rather short, scarcely
tapered, with a few weak spines towards tip ; sabres short, the terminal hairs
simple. A stout simple hair outwardly on shaft, about one-third the distance from
base to tip.
Anterior submedian prothoracic group with long branched middle hair, the
outer hair similar, but shorter and more slender ; inner hair rather long, simple.
N 0 P II
281
E L I X I
263.
264.
Fig.
263.
Anopheles
(Kerteszia)
boliviensis
Theobald,
190.5.
Larva.
Head,
prothoracic
group,
abdominal
hair
1 and peden.
(Based
on Komp
& Osorno,
1936,
an.
Ent.
Sot. Am.,
29:
416,
fig. 2).
Fig.
264.
Egg.
(Based
on
Bnduze,
1942,
Rev.
S.
A.
S.,
8:
45,
fig.
1).
Anopheles
1937
Anopheles
1941
GalvBo,
Ar.
1942
Simons
& Aitken,
Zool.
1943
Galvis,
Rev.
I943
Russell
& al.,
1944
Lane,
1946
syn.
Rev.
Coutinho,
58
1936
(Kerteszia)
(Kerteszia)
1947
Est.
Ent.,
14
Corn.
Coutinho,
Anopheles
Med.
Med.
Keys
An.
Ent.
S. Paula,
Army
Fat.
Liv.
Komp,
Bogot&
to the
An.
2
Bul.,
12
Komp, 1937.
bambusicolus
Sot.
Am.,
30
: 515.
517.
59 : 99.
53.
of the World,
14.
263.
R.
Fat.
(Kerteszia)
F.
DAlmeida,
Med.
S. Paulo
bellator
Komp,
150
1950
(Thesis),
Proc.
Coutinho,
Fat.
Med.
S. Paula
53.
Ent.
SOC. Wash.,
38
68.
(Thesis),
82
-1
II
L I
s I
Female - Proboscis black, one fifth longer than fore femur, labellum yellowish. Palpus a little shorter than proboscis, with shaggy blackish scales, white
ones at apex of penultimate segment.
Legs blackish. Fore pair with white internal line on femora and tibia, the
apex of tibia with a preapical white patch ; tarsus I with basal, sub basal and
an apical white mark. Mid tarsi with white on underside of femur and tibia and
basal two segments, the rest blackish. Hind tarsi white on underside of femur and
tibia ; tarsus I with three white marks, II and III white on distal two thirds,
IV on more than distal half, V completely white.
Wing dark scaled except for a preapical white spot on costa and involving
1st. vein ; 1st. vein with four white spots ; 3rd. with a white spot at base ; 5th.
with white scales on fork.
Abdomen blackish.
Male - Characters from Coutinho (1946) : - (fig. 265). External lobe of
claspettes broad and with two groups of leaflets apically, the external one with
three falciform leaflets bent in the middle and pointed at apex ; the internal group
with three shorter leaflets which are falciform, pointed, enlarged and bent near apex
near distal end of internal lobes of claspettes. Internal lobes of claspettes high,
narrow and thickened at apex with a ventral apical membrane protruding on external margin, they are nude except at apex where there are sparse hairs which are
directed inwards and upwards. Mesosomc quite sclerotized laterally, broader on
basal half and attenuated on the apical one, without leaflets. Anal lobe conical
and with microtriquiae chiefly at -base.
263.
Fix.
265.
Anopheles
Fin.
266.
Anopheles
based
266.
(Kerte-zia)
bambusicolus
(K cr t eszia)
on
Coutinho,
Kemp,
1937.
Xale
genitalia.
Dyar
& Knah.
1906.
Xale
genitalia.
Thesis,
78, figs.
11, 12, 1 and 2).
bellator
1946,
(Both
Pupa Undescribed.
Lawa - Head hairs simple, 2 longer than 3 ; 4 as long as 3 ; 5 and 6 close
together ; 7 much removed from 5 and 6 ; 13 as long as antenna.
Hairs 1 of abdomen present on segments I-VII with twenty slender, pointed
leaflets ; postspiracular hairs short and simple.
Egg Unknown.
Type Zocality - Colombia,
Meta, La Union. Type in U. S. 5;. M.
Distribution - Colombia
: Brasil, Paran&, Londrina.
Anopheles
1906
Anopheles
Dyar
1910
Myzomyiu
Theobald,
(Kerteszia)
& Knab,
Mon.
Proc.
CM.,
bellator
Biol.
5
Sot.
: 86.
Wash.,
19
1906.
.
1917
Anopheles
1917
Dyar
& Knab,
Howard,
1922
Root,
*Am. J.
1924
Bonne,
Ned.
Dyar
Ins.
Hyg.,
1926
Anopheks
1928
Dgar,
Mos;
1936
Kemp
& Osorno,
1939
Anopheles
Anophdes
1941
Simons,
Am.,
An.
Sot.
Mal.,
Rozeboom
Coutinho,
1943
Galvis,
1943
Ross
1943
Downs
& al.,
J.
1943
Russell
& al.,
Keys
1944
Correa
& Ramos,
1944
Coutinho
1944
Barretto,
-41. Hig.,
85 Laird,
283
Root,
id.,
278.
J. Hig.,
119.
dm.,
Ar.
J. Trap.
Ptled. Bogota,
E.
1937 Kemp,
Div.
hlal.,
S. Paulo,
Mos.
ritlas,
hfal.
to the
Med.,
22
His.,
13
-4r.
12
Nat.
Ar.
417
Pub.
Zool.
& Ricciardi,
I% Roberts,
29
id.,
30
306.
: 3.
517.
129.
4m.
Rachou
& Ssu.
Ins.
0.
115.
36.
Sot.,
23.
Hig.
83.
53.
:
:
Pub.,
Cruz,
41
44.
9 : 9 ;
1944 Corren
85 Ramos,
id.,
133.
18.
Tratado
Hyg.,
2:
637;
1945 Barretto,
_Ar. Hig.
230.
1946
Downs
1946
Cova-Garcia,
1946
4 : 985;
Cova-Garcia,
Galvao,
Hum.
1943
L I
40.
1923
Am.
Ent.
1942
15
Mon.,
48.
Davis,
(Kertesziu)
Rev.
469.
(Nyssorhynchus)
Sym.
379
v. Gen.,
(Kertesziu)
1941
Mens.,
& Knab,
Ins.
Tijd.
.I
& Pittendrigh,
Coutinho,
Med.
XII.
Liv.
(Thesis),
1947
Rachou
1950
Pittendrigh,
Am.
Conf.
Corn.
37
& Ferreira,
J.
San.
Trop.
R.
F. dAlmeida,
1947
Coutinho,
A Fl.
Evolution,
Med.,
26 : 47.
: 58,104, 128.
150 ; 1946 Coutinho
bled.,
Panam.,
id.,
28
43, 64
& Rachou,
1947 Coutinho,
Fat.
52.
2.
1950
Pittendrigh,
Am.
J. Trop.
Med.,
30
457.
Anopheles
1912
Anopheles
1922
Root,
Am.
(Kerteszia)
Howard,
3. Hyg.,
Dyar
2
neivai
& Knab,
391
hlon.,
1923
Root,
1943
Senevet,
1937
Anopheles
Ar.
1938
Senevet
1939
Simmons
Ins.
Pasteur
(Kertesziu)
& Abonnenc,
& al.,
Ar.
& al.,
Am.
1941
Komp,
Symposium
1941
Galvgo,
Ar.
Zool.,
Ins.
Hlth.,
1941
Komp,
Nat.
1942
Simons
& Aitken,
1943
Russell
& al.,
1943
Galvis,
Rev.
1944
Lane,
Castillo,
Rev,
1946
Coutinho,
1947
Flooh
1950
Vargas
1950
Kuyp,
1950
Lane,
syn.
1917
Anopheles
1942
Anopheles
Res.
90
414.
1941
102.
Rozeboom,
id.,
107
1941
Simons,
id.,
128.
59
of the World,
12
33.
53.
464.
1946
Univ.
Castillo,
S. Paulo
Pasteur
Tax.
Indisch
Malariology,
Los Mos.
(Thesis),
Guyane,
Mos.
Inst.,
hyzephilus
89
1
144
Rep.
118.
133.
401.
Ins.
Ins.
(Nyssorhynchus)
bellator
var.
neivai
61 et seq.
& Knab,
8.
_4n. de MBxico,
Ecuador,
52.
Dyar
Mem.,
509.
505.
39.
Bul.,
Bogot&,
Est.
Ver.
30 :
16
180.
20
179:
Med.
Ins.
& Palacios,
(in Boyd),
Bul.
14 :
Med.
ilm.,
.41g&ie,
517.
to the An.
15
& Abonnenc,
Med.
Malaria,
Med.,
Fat.
Kon.
Human
Med.,
Ent.,
Rev.
Pasteur
Med.,
Army
Fat.
Sot.
in Panama,
44.
Ent.
J. Trop.
Keys
12
An.
Ins.
Malaria
1940 Kumm
1944
AlgBrie,
Komp,
Mew,
and
40
1918 Dyar,
var.
hylephilus
Ins.
Ins.
id.,
6 : 146.
Christophers,
Ind.
42.
1925
Anopheles
(Dendropaedium)
cruzii
1928
Anopheles
(Dendropaedium)
hglephilus
var.
neivai
Lutz,
Dyar,
Zool.
& Par.
Mens.,
Ven.,
13
26.
18.
Female - Hind tarsi with segments II to V with broad white apical rings
over half or more of the segment. Wing (fig. 267)
267.
Fig.
267.
Anopheles
on Kemp,
Fig.
268.
Xale
268.
(Kertesaia)
An. Ent.
genitalia.
neivai
Howard,
Sot. Am.,
30: pl.
(Based
on Komp,
Dyar
& Knab,
2, fig. 5).
1937,
Bn.
Ent.
Sot.
1912.
_Im.,
Wing.
30:
527,
(Based
pl.
2).
285
XSOPHELINI
Anopheles
1909
Anopheles
1912
Knnb,
1918
Dyar
& Knab,
Proc.
1922
Root,
Am.
1926
Anopheles
1934
Pirea,
(Kerteszia)
Dyar
& Knab,
Ent.
Sot.
Ins.
Med.
Ar.
Dyar,
Mos.
Senevet,
Cova-Garcia,
Pub. Div. Mal.,
2
Ramos & Unti,
Bul. Serv. Prof.
Pasteur
1940
C. Pinto
1940
Galv%o,
1940
1941
1941
Fonseca
& Corr&a,
1942
Amaral,
A Fl.
1943
Corr&a,
Rev.
1943
Griecco,
Sr.
1943
Coutinho
1943
1943
1943
Galvis,
Ar.
Am.
Sau.
Hyg.,
1943
Corr&a,
1944
Lane,
1944
Coutinho
1944
Corr&a
1944
Barretto,
Med.,
Malaria,
Ar.
Fat.
Fol.
Rev.
& al.,
1944
Corr&a
Barretto,
1946
Coutinho,
1946
Cova-Garcia,
1947
Rachow
1947
Coutinho,
1950
Lane
syn.
1901
Ar.
Tratado
Liv.
XII
Univ.
(in Boyd),
Anopheles
181
1903
1908
1908
1909
Mytorhynchella
M. lutzi Neiva,
44.
23.
S. l.,
F.
41 : 9.
111.
San.
A Fl.
1945
150
lanam.,
Med.,
Par.,
59, 105,
13
Fat.
230.
?IIed.
S. Paula
(Thesis),
43
Med.,
10:
129.
53.
401.
Jlon.
Mon.
Llr. Hyg.,
1946 Coutinho,
: 2.
28
Barretto,
1 :
(Thesis),
Theobald,
Bakt.
9 : 9, 133.
632 ;
Almeida,
Theobald,
Central.
World,
: 54.
12
Cruz,
Malariology,
Lutz,
187.
S. Paulo,
S. Paula,
Bourroul),
Peryassfi,
Anopheles
0.
Hyg.,
Zutzii
1.
450.
Conf.
1903
1913
R.
& Ferreira,
15
115.
Hig.
de Wig.,
Corn.
17.
517.
of the
15
Ins.
14
462.
Ar.
Hig.,
& Ramos,
Bogotj,
Mem.
& Cerqueira,
1945
7
13
& Biol.,
47.
Hyg.,
15
Butantan,
187.
to the An.
Clin.
7.
do Sul,
171.
Exp.,
hted.,
Ent.,
Ar.
27
Clin.
14
Grande
166.
Ins.
15
468.
12 : 29.
R.
10
Mem.
Med.,
Rev.
145.
: 5.
& al.,
35
21.
Alg@rie,
Dep.
Biol.
Cir.
141,
(Thesis),
1934
Rev.
1939
1940
& al.,
Mus.,
14 : 79.
Mew.,
S. Paulo
Ins.
cruzii
S. Nat.
2 : 379.
(Kertesziu)
Fat.
U.
Wash.,
Ins.
J. Hyg.,
cruzii
Proc.
Cul.,
51.
Cul.,
282
177 ;
1903 Lutz,
1902,
J. Trop.
Theobald,
>Ied.,
J.
Trop.
112
1904 Lutz
(in
Mos. Brazil,
2.
OS Cul. Brasil, 78.
adolphoi Neiva,
Mem.
Ins. 0.
boliviensis
1913
15:
110.
M. Zutzi Lutz,
1921
A.
1950
AnopheEes
Proc.
Zutzi Peryass6,
(K.)
Knab,
Ent.
An.
Rev.
Cruz,
Ins. Ins.
Sot.
Wash.,
do Brasil,
montemor
Correa,
hfed.,
11
1
76.
hlens.,
15
:
17
460.
1913 Knab,
Proc.
Ent.
Sot.
Wash.,
108, 169.
14.
Ar.
Hig.
& Sau.
Pub.,
14
53.
Female - Palpus black with white scales on apes of segments III and IV.
Legs : Fore tarsus with I black, a white spot at base, middle and apex not
involving segment, II and III with basal half black, the apical one white ; IV
and V white. Mid tarsi with I black with white spots ; II and III black with apical
white markings, IV and V black. Hind legs with II and III with about 60% of
white apically, IV with half the segment white ; V black at base and apical half
white.
Wing : Costa with five white spots, two smaller basal ones and three larger
apical ones which reach the 5th. vein. 1st. vein with two additional white spots.
3rd. vein with a large basal and an apical white spot, the rest white. 5th. vein
with a broad white spot at base, another at fork and a small one on upper branch.
286
L I N I
illale - Genitalia : (fig. 269). External lobes of claspette with two groups
of three leaflets each, ribbon-like, curved at level on internal lobes and having a
sharp apex ; internal lobes funellike, opening longitudinal, base broader ; internal
margin smooth, external pilose, the hairs directed outwards and upwards, the apical
ones longer. Mesosome high, narrow, the base broader ; a pair of tubular leaflets
near apex ; the leaflets are a third the length of mesosome.
269.
Fig.
269.
Fig.
270.
Anopheles
270.
(Kerteszia)
Anopheles
(Kerteszia)
genitalia.
and 14).
(Both
cruzii
eruzii
cruzii
based
on
Dyar
&
Rnah,
1909.
Male
Corr@a
& Crrqueira,
1946,
Thekis.
pg. 78,
laneanus
Coutinho,
genitalia.
1944.
figs.
5,
Male
6, 13
Pupa Unknown.
Very similar to that. of A. bellator but with postspiracular setae
Larca smooth.
Type locality - Bras&
Rio de Janeiro. Type in B. M.
Distribution Panama:
Costa
Rica:
Venezuela
: Ecuador:
Peru:
Guianas
: Brasil,
States of Amazonas, Pars, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais,
Paran&, S. Catarina, S. Paulo, Territory of Acre, Rio Grande do Sul, Sergipe,
Espirito Santo.
Transmission of malaria - A vector in the states of S. Paulo, Parana, S.
Cat>arina and Rio Grande do Sul.
Anopheles
(Kerteszia)
1944
Anophdes
(Kerteszia)
1946
Co&a,
1947
Coutinho,
Fat.
Med.
eyn.
1937
Azopheles
(IV.)
1937
A.
Ar.
Hig.
(K.)
& Sau.
cruzi
cruzii
Zaneanus
Pub.,
S. Paulo
cruzi
Kemp,
Lane
11
& Cerqueira,
Ar.
Hyg.
& Sau.
Pub.,
9 :
109.
603.
(Thesis),
56.
& Guimarges,
i2n. Ent.
laneanus
Co&a
Sot.
Am.,
An.
30 :
Paul.
hIed.
& Cir.,
33
212
504.
Female - Similar to il. cruxii cruxii. Usually can be separated by the larger
white spot on 3rd. vein and the hind tarsi II, III and IV which have the basal two
thirds white.
_lInle Genitalia : (fig. 270). Internal lobes of claspette separated by a
IT-like opening, each lobe rectangular and slightly enlarged at apex ; external
lobes with leaflets. Alesosome high, quite sclerotized laterally, broader at base,
attenuated at apex and bearing two tubular well developed leaflets inserted near
the apex. ,4nal lobe conical, membranous, with the margins more sclerotized.
Pupa Unknown.
Lnrm
-Similar to that of A. cruzi cruzi but postspiracular hairs may be
branched api tally.
Ilype locality - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, Campos do Jordao. Type in F.H.
Distribution
Mountain ranges of the States of Rio de Janeiro and S. Paulo.
Anopheles
1937
Bnopheles
1941
Galvao,
.4r.
1942
Anduze,
Rev.
1942
Simons
(Kerteszia)
(Kerteszia)
Zool.
lz.
_Irm>-
1943
Downs
& al.,
1943
G&is,
Rev.
J.
Nat.
1943
Russell
1944
Lane,
Fat.
1945
Barrette,
1946
Downs
Ar.
1946
Cova-Garcia,
1946
Coutinho,
Mal.
Hig.,
15
& Pittendrigh,
XII.
Corn.
1947
Coutinho,
Fat.
1949
Lane
(in Boyd),
1950
Pittendrigh,
Sot.,
syn.
1937
Galvt-io,
Ar.
& Aitken,
Zoo].
1943
Downs
& al.,
1943
Galvis,
Rev.
Russell
& al.,
1944
T,ane,
J.
Fat.
Rev.
29.
50.
J. Trap.
Med.,
Panam.,
43, 64
S. Paula,
Army
Nat.
Med.
15
60.
(Theiii),
49.
106,
130.
Coutinho,
Fat.
1\Ied.
S. laulo
(Thesis),
34.
53.
401.
1950 Pittrndiigh,
Med.
Mal.
26
~lnoplus Kemp,
_4n. Mos.
Ent.,
4G.
150 ; 19%
S. Paula
(Kertesziaj
Simons
433
101.
of the World,
San.
Med.
1941
1937.
509.
230.
Malariology,
1943
2 :
12
3
59 :
R. F. diilmeida,
1942
30 :
263.
Am.
Evolution,
Anopheles
Bul.,
Bogota,
Conf.
Liv.
Am.,
: 517.
to the rin.
15
Sot.
Venerurla,
Med.
Med.
Ent.,
Sor.,
Kemp,
homunculus
-An. Ent.
S. Paula,
Ser.
& Altken
Rev.
Kemp,
of the
Aim. J. Trap.
Sot.
_b.,
30
Med.,
30
457.
: 514.
517.
Bul.
Sot.,
Bogota,
_4n. Ent.
59 :
99.
2 : 29.
12 :
World,
50.
43.
: 263.
272.
271
Fia.
271.
Anopheles
Coutinho,
Fig.
27.2.
BK~.
(Kertesnia)
homunculus
1946,
Thesis,
79, figs.
(Based
on Anduzr,
1942,
KWI~J.
193i.
7 to 10).
Rw.
S. -1.
S.,
1ltale
rrnita!i:l.
1)
fig.
(I:aietl
on
ANOPHELINI
288
Anopheles
1947
dnopheles
Anopheles
1947
il~~opheles
(Nyssorhynchus)
(Nyssorhynchus)
Floch
Floch
ininii
& Abonnenc,
(Nyssorhynchus)
(Nyssorhpnchus)
sedis.
Ins.
sancti-elii
& Ahonnenc,
Bibliography
Ins.
1947.
1947.
Pasteur
for ANOPHELINI.
ANOPHELINI
289
290
A Ii
P IX E L I S I
.
-1
II
L I s I
291
292
ANOPHELINI
294
___~_
_ _ __
K.
C. 1934 Summary of malaria activities in Grenada B. W. I.,
1929-1932 inclusive. Rep. Med. San. Dep. Grenada 1932 : 44-52.
-__
1936 a - Anopheles grabhami a possible vector of malaria. Bol. As. Med.
Puerto Rico., 28 (10) : 228-232.
- - ~~- 1936 b The determination
of Anophelinc mosquito prevalence.
Rol.
As. Med. Puerto Rico, 28 (10) : 233-240.
- -1936 d - The relative importance of A. tarsimaculatus, A. arggritarsis and
,4. pseudopunctipennis czsvectors of malaria in the windward group of the
West Indies. Am. J. Trop. Med., 16 (4) : 359-469.
- ~-1937 - The relation bt-\tcvccn breeding awa, Anopheltv ulhinmnzrs dcnsit,y,
and malaria in Salinas, Puwto Rico. South. Med. J.. 30 (9) : 946-949.
EVANS, A. M. - 1922 -- Sotcs 011 Cdicidite
in Venezuela, with descriptions of newspecies. Xn. Trap. >frrl. & Par., 16 (2) : 213-222, 1 pl.
FERREIRA,
hl. 0.
1948 -- Con1b:tte ao vetor de malaria em zona de transmissao
por anofelinoa do sub-gencw LLIkteszia.
>Iul. & DocnGas Trop., 1 (1) :
17-25.
FLOCH, II. & ABONNSC,
YE. -- 1945 - Lcs 111oustiqucs de la Guadeloupe.
Le
genre Anopheles. An. Ins. Pasteur de la Guyanc et du Ter. Inini, 108 : 16 pp.
-~~--- 1945 --- Description dune 11ouvelle espece danophele : A. (Stethomyia)
116 : 3 pp.
canorii. Tns. Pasteur dc la Guvanc ct du Ter. de LInini,
--1946 -- Sur la validitt: dcs es&es A. ilrilzii et A. sancti-elii. Ins. Pasteur
de la Guvanc et Tcr dc LInini,
124 : 4 pp.
-~
1946 - Presencc~ dc -4nopheks (Lophopodomyia) squamijemur en Gup.11~
Franc;aise. Ins. Pastrwr Guyanc
ct Tcr. Inini,
139 : 4 pp.
----1947 -- Distribution
des .2nophilcs 1x11Guyanc francake.
Ins. Pasteur
Guyane et Tcr. Inini, Ii4 : !I pp.
FOXSECA, F. & CORR~A, It. It. -- 1941 -- Jufc&
experimental de Anophcles
(Kerfes,-ia) cruzi polo Plasmodillm virus. Mtlm. Ins. Butantan, 1S : l-9, 1 pl.
FOSSECA,
F. & RAA~OH,A. S. --- 1939 -- Novas subgkwos
c novas csp@cicsdc dnophelinos neotrcipicos. Alem. Ins. Butantan, 13 : 383-387, 2 pl.
FOSSECA, J. A. R. $ F~NSECA, F. -- 1942 - Transmissao da malaria humann por
anofclineos da s&k tarsimcwulafus. Mem. 111s. l?ut)antan, 16 : 03-123, 12
pl. & graphs.
FONSIXA, J. _A. 13. & USTI, 0. ~~ 1943 -- Inft~C~o c~sperirnental tl~ .~nofclino~ tic
regiocs indenes ri hlalaria.
Fol. Clin. h Biol., 15 (1) : 43-52.
G_4BAT,I)ON,
A. 1938 - Primer informc anual (1937) de la division tl(> llalariologia. Pub. Div. Mal., 1 : 197 pp., 31 fgs. 9 graphs.
--1939 - 011 Anopheles maffogrossensis from Venezuela, with description of
the male. 14m. J. Trop. Med., 19 (5) : 457-460, 1 fg.
-~~-I!)30 -- Dwcripcion de ,4. (Y.) nu%ez-tollari 11.sp. J- considcraciones sobrc una
division de1 grupo ~Y~/ssorhynchus. Pub. Div. AIal., 5 : 3-7, 2 fgs.
G.~~Au,oK , A. & AGI;II,ERA, C. 1940 --- Variaciones de1 color tic ias wpccies
venozolanas de la sub-scric oswaldoi. Pub. Div. hlal., S : 63-82, 10 p., 5 fgs.
C:.~RALI~X,
A., L\ (:I-ILERA, c'. & L~~~~'~4~,~, L%. 1941 -- Espinas basales >- accesorias anormales en 10s hipopigios dc n n3phrlcs goeldii y Anopheles nufiiczfouari. Pub. Div. Alal., i : 59-61.
EARLE,
~k4R_4I,DOS,
.\.
(h-A-C;ARCI.4,
I-'.
&
I~RI?~'AT,O,
_A. -
I!)!0
--
ihOph&S
(s.,
?"an.fJdi
Il.
Sj'.
de
_I
PH
ELISI
295
ANOPHELINI
297
SNOPHELIhTI
ANOPHELINI
301
PINTO, C. 1939 Disseminaoao da malaria pela avia&o :Biologia do Anopheles gum&e e outros anofelineos do Brasil. Mem. Ins. 0. Cruz, 34 (3) :
293-430, 61 pl.
PINTO, G. S. - 1925 - Sobre urn novo metodo de identificaqao dos Anophelineos.
D. N. S. P., 2: 19.
1931 - SBbre a presenqa de Anopheles costalis no Brasil. A Fl. Med., 12
(28) : 330-332.
1934 - OS Anophelineos do Brasil. A Fl. Med.,
PIRES, R. E. 19- Contribui&o
para o estudo dos Anophehneos do grupo
Nyssorhynchus. Fat. Med. S. Paulo (Thesis), l-89, 25 fgs.
PITTENDRIGH, C. S. - 1950 - The quantitative evaluation of Kerteszia breeding
grounds. Am. J. Trop. Med., 30 (3) : 457-468.
__1950 - The ecoclimatic divergence of Anopheles bellutor and A. homunculus.
Evolution, 4 (1) : 43-63.
1950 - The ecotopic specialization of Anopheles homunculus ; and its relations to competitions with A. bellutor. Evolution, 4 (1) : 64-78.
PONTE, E. DEL - 1928 - Nota previa sobre la bibliografia argentina y estranjera
sobre 10s mosquitos argentinos y su relaci6n con el paludismo. Rev. Sot.
Ent. Arg., 7 : 81-94.
1931Anopheles du haut Parana. C. R. Sot. Biol. Paris, 105 (5) : 393.
-__
1939 - Observaciones sobre A. pseudopunctipennis en Mendiets, Prov. de
Jujuy.
Rev. Ins. Bact. B. A., 9 : 149-155.
1943 - Estudios sobre el paludismo de1 litoral argentino. Rev. Ins. Bact.
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PONTE, E. DEL & HEREDIA, R. L. - 1945 - Anopheles (Anopheles) holmbergi n.
sp. de Misiones (Argentina).
Rev. Sot. Ent. Arg., 12 (5) : 382-386.
PRADO, A. - 1926 - Especie de Anofelino raramente encontrado no E. de S. Paulo.
An. Paul. Med. Cir., 17 (8) : l-5.
1927 - Not)as sobre OS anophelineos do E. de S. Paulo. Rev. Biol. Hyg.,
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RACHOU, R. G. 1948 - Encontro da Chugasia roxeboomi no Estado de S.
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--1949 - Mais uma especie de anofelino identificada em Santa Catarina. RRv.
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A Fl. Med.,
28 (1) : 8 pp.
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Zutzi. Rev. As. Paul. Med., 11 (2) : 78-84, 3 fgs.
1944 Observaooes sBbre OS Anofelinos do litoral Paulist,a. Ar. Hig. &
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-__
1945 - Observa@es sobre o Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) rondoni e mais urn
anofelino do Brasil. Ar. Hig. & Sau. Pub., 10 (23) : 9-14, 4 pl.
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RAYNAL, J. - 1932 - Notes sur le paludisme daltitude.
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,
Anopheles (N.) darlingi e A. (N.) argyritarsis. Rev. Bras. Biol., 8 (4) : 535-539.
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ROOT, F. M. 1922 b - The classification of American Anopheles mosquitoes.
Am. J. Hyg., 2 (3) : 321-322.
302
.t
E 1. I S
ROOT, F. Al. - 1922 a --- The larvae of American Anophcles mosquitoes, in relation
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Am. J. Hyg., 2 (4) : 379-393, 2 pl.
____
1924 - Further notes on the male genitalia of American Anophcles. Am. J.
Hyg., 4 (5) : 456-465, 3 pl.
-__
1925 -- American Anophcline mosquitoes, their classification and relation
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_._
1929 - The present status of our knowledge of the Nyssorhynchus group of
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1931 - The pleural hairs of .4mcrican Anopheline larvae. Am. J. Hyg.,
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ROZEROO&~,I,. E. - 1935 - Infection of Anophtles bachmani with 1. zGr_x and
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~~ 1936 The life cycle of laboratory-bred Anopheles aEDimanus. An. Ent.
Sec. Am., 29 (3) : 480-489.
-- -1937 - On Anopheles albitarsis in Panama. South. Med. J., 30 (9) : 950-951,
3 fgs.
--- ~~ 1937 - The egg of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in Panama. J. Par., 23
(5) : 538-539, 1 fg.
-~--1938 - The role of some common anopheline mosquitoes of Panama in the
transmission of malaria. Am. J. Trop. Med., 18 (3) : 289-302.
1938 - The eggs of the iVyssorhyzchus group of A nopheles in Panamb. Am.
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1941 Distribution and ecology of the A~zophrles mosquitoes of the Caribbean region. _4m. As. Adv. Sci., 98-107.
-~~~- 1942 Subspecific variations among neotropical Anopheles mosquitoes
and their importance in the transmission of malaria. Am. J. Trop. hIed.,
22 (3) : 235-255, 5 pl.
ROZEBOO;~I,I~. E. & CABALDOK, A. - 1941 - A summarv of the t~TsinlaCz~lutU3
complex of Anopheles. Am. J. Hyg., 33 (3) : 88-100, 4 pl.
ROZEBOON, I,. E. & LNRD, R. I,. 1942 - Anopheles (herfeszia) bektor as a
vector of malaria in Trinidad (B. W. I.). Am. J. Trop. IIcd., 22 (1) : 83-91,
2 graphs.
RUSSELL, P. F., ROZEBOORI,L. E. & STONE, A. - 1943 - Keys to the Anopheline
mosquitoes of the World. With notes on their identification, distribution,
biolcgp and relation to malaria. An. Ent. Sot. & AC. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
152 pp., 10 fgs.
S~SSE, B. E. & HSCKETT, L. W. - 1950 - Sates on the host preferences of Anopheles pscudo;l;Ilnctipennis. J. Nat. Mal. Sot., 9 (2) : 181-182.
SWSI, M. M. 1931 - Contribuci6n al estudio de1 anofelismo en Chile. Rev.
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SUGER, I?. A. - 1928 - Malaria in Barbados. Trop. Agr., Trinidad, 5 (3) : 4&50.
303
304
A N
P H E L I N I
(11) : 377-392.
-__
(1) : 47-49.
ANOPHELINI
305
Tribe
CU L I C I N I .*
Characters
- AdztZl : Clypeus longer than broad, rounded above
and in front. Proboscis slender and flexible, or somewhat swollen
at tip, not hooked. Mandibles and maxillae, in the femzlle, reaching
as fal as end on labium and provided with a series of teeth apically.
Labellum not elongate. Thorax rather strongly arched above, scarcely
longer than broad ; scutellum always trilobed, each lobe bearing bristles, but areas bet,ween lobes without, bristles. Abdomen completely
clothed lyith broad scales which nearly always lie flat over the surface.
Male genitalia variously constructed, but anal segment always with
well-developed paraprocts and aedeagus never with leaflets at its
tip. Female usually with three spermathecae. Legs less slender than
in Anoplielini ; t$ibiae usually with scattered bristles. Wings with
cell R.2 seldom much shorter than its stem ; base of R. 4 + 5 usually
oblique ; cross-vein r-m vertical, not bent at, right angles ; no distinct
spur extending basally from angle of R,. 3 + 5 ; no emargination of
hind margin and no thickening of membrane between branches of Cu.
Pupa Abdominal segments II-VI
with hair A. placed some
distance from the apical corner, different fro*m those of segments VII
and VIII which are closer to the corner of the segments and often
similnr to one another, and branched from base. Paddles usually
with a hair or tuft at tip of midrib.
I,nt~u -- Head variously shaped, often l:~g;c? usually non-rotatnble. Clypeus usually with a pair of spines or bristly hairs on front
margin and with four pairs of hairs. Kane of the hairs of the body are
pinnately branched as in Anopkclivzi; frequently ?,hclarger hairs, and
often also many of the sma!ler hairs of head, thorax and aMomen are
branched in a,fan-like OI- stellate manner from the base ; the individual
hairs of the tufts may oft,en be shortly plumose. Antennae variously
formed, but never with two stout terminal spines with a hair between,
as in A nophelini, or with three similar hairs on shaft, as in Tozorhynchitini. Mouth brushes composed of a large number of hairs, which
are often finely pectinate along one side ; in t,he prekceous species
t,he number ofl;hairs in the mouth-brush may be reduced, but is never
less than about thirty, and their bases are never arranged in one line
as in Toxorh~~v~chitini. Mentum usually triangular, seldom longer t*han
broad, median tooth usually t,he longest. Thorax broad or moderately
broad. So eversible appendages on front margin of prothorax. Cheatotaxy variable in different genera and subgenera. Propleural hairs
usually if not always four in numhclr, but variabIe in dev4opment ;
308
CULEX
mesopleural group with three long hairs, metapleural with two long
hairs and one shorter. Abdomen without float-hairs ; chaetotaxy
otherwise very variable. Eighth segment with a posterodorsal air-tube
(siphon) ; a lateral chitinous plate may or may not be present, but
a trace of a lateral comb always present. Siphon with or without
pecten ; at its tip are the same five plates (a fixed anterior median
piece, a smaller anterior and a larger posterior pair of movable valves)
On side of eighth segment posteriorly are
as occur in the -4~~nopheZin~L
five hairs or hair-tuft,s. Anal segment with one or both pairs of dorsal
hairs usually branched from base ; ventral brush with all the hairs
of the same type, branched from near base.
Eggs - Variously shaped, but never roundedly oval, as in Toxorhynchitini, or provided with lateral floats, as in Anophelini.
Systematic position. - We consider this tribe as taking a place
between the Anophelini on one side and the Sabethini on the other.
The most developed genus of this tribe is Haemagogus which has some
Sabethini characters.
Key
to
genera.
A-2dults.
1. Squamula
1758
Culex
Linnaeus,
Genus
C U L E X
Syst.
ed. 10.a
Nat.,
602 -
Deinocerites
Cu7e.z:
Linnaeus, 1758.
Type
pipiens
L.
310
311
Lutziu
Theobald,
1906
Janbesia
1932
Lutz&z
Mon.
Christophers,
Edwards,
L U T 2 I A Theobald, 1903.
: 153 - type bigoti Bellardl.
Mem.
Med.
Ind., 25 : 12 type juscanus Wiedemxm.
Cul.,
Scl.
Gen.
Ins.,
190.
Culez
1862
Bellardi,
Bellardi,
1901
Lutzia
1904
Taeniorhynchus
1906
Lutzia
1908
Peryassb,
Dit.
Mem.
Mon.
Giles,
1915
Howwd,
1923
Petrocchi.
1925
Culex
Bonne
1928
Lutz&a
Dyar,
1936
Martini,
1936
Lane,
Ap.
Cul.,
J.
& Knab,
OS Cul.
Dyar
J.
N.
Brazil,
Ins.
Dep.
Sal.
Mus.
Pub.,
Paul.,
343;
Y.
200.
1903
7
Ent.
Theobald,
382.
Sot.,
14
182.
Mon.,
Bact.
Am.,
2.
Med.,
B.
& Bonne-Wepster,
Moe.
Hellardi, 1861.
bigoti
21
Trop.
& Knab,
Rev.
Rev.
Med.,
Theobald,
Dyar
(Lutzia)
3
A.,
468.
10.
Mos.
Sur.,
Me&o,
57.
266.
Mos.
20:
187.
195.
180.
id.,
155.
312
syn.
CULEX
1923
Lutziu
bradtie
Dyar,
1925
Culex
brasiliae
Bonne
1928
Lutzia
bra&tie
Dyar,
1928 Lutziu
1930
L.
1932
Culex
patersoni
brasiliae
and
patersoni
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
11
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Am.,
& Del
patersoni
Shannon,
Gen.
67.
Sm.,
195.
267.
Shannon
Edwards,
Mos.
Ponte
Ins.,
(in Dyar),
6.~ Reun.
Sot.
Mos.
Am.,
Arg.
Pat.
268.
Reg.
N.,
496.
190.
Female - Proboscis one eighth longer than fore femur, blackish except for
a broad white ring over all the median third, there are dark scales scattered over
the white ring ; labellum whitish. Bucco-pharyngeal armature with broad lateral
processes, the space in the middle with thirty blunt teeth ; the body of armature
with four spicules (fig. 273). Palpus one fifth the length of proboscis, segment I
globose, II long, III two and a half times the length of II, covered with light
and dark intermixed scales besides light pilosity ; last palpal segment flattened,
the apex apex rounded. Antenna slightly longer than length of proboscis, the segments subequal, the verticils basal and with five or six hairs, on basal segment
the verticil is median. Occiput with slender, curved, white scales mixed with
brown, erect forked ones ; mentum with broad appressed scales ; vertex with
golden proclinate setae, oculars upturned, golden and numerous.
273.
275.
Fig.
273.
Culex
(Lutzia)
Fig.
275.
--
Male
genitalia.
Original.
bigoti
Bellardi,
Basistyle
and
1861.
dististyle.
Buccopharynx.
Mesosome
Original.
side
and
front
views.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe covered with slender golden scales and golden and
blackish setae. Mesonotum wit,h brown disk, median portion with dark brown
scales and a pattern of golden and white ones on the sides and reaching prescutellar
region ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae decumbent and blackish, above
paratergite golden setae. Scutellum covered with white scales, the tufts with
yellow setae on the lateral ones and brown ones on the middle. Postnotum dark
brown, lighter on the sides ; pleura brown, the margins whitish ; there are two
spots of white broad scales on sternopleura and upper portion of mesepimeron ;
posterior pronotum with slender, curved, golden scales on upper portion and a
row of setae of this color on posterior margin ; sternopleurals and mesepimerals
also golden, the lower mesepimerals six or seven.
313
CULEX
Legs : Coxae with spots of dark and white scales and whitish setae. Femora
dark except at base where there are white ones and at apex where there is a ring
of white scales. Tibiae dark except for basal and apical broad rings and the internal
portion which are white. Tarsi dark with broad rings on joints. Claws simple,
pulvilli developed and white.
Wing with broader scales on costal region (fig, 274) ; the other veins covered
with narrow scales ; there are white spots ; 1st. vein with three large distinct
white spots, the other veins with white spots but their distribution variable ;
2nd. vein with upper branch white except ends which are blackish, lower branch
blackish ; 3rd. vein blackish at base, the rest whitish ; 4th. vein with upper
branch having a median white spot, the lower one can show two white spots, a
basal one, or be completely white or even have white and dark scales intermixed ;
5th. vein with base of branches blackish, the rest white ; 6th. vein variable, with
a distal blackish spot or with a basal one also.
Fig.
274.
Culex
(Lutzia)
bigoti
Bellardi,
1861.
Wing.
Original.
Abdomen blackish, with apical white spots which, in the last segment, originate stripes ; segment VIII reduced ; cerci hidden.
Male - Proboscis with smaller but more distinct ring. Palpus longer than
proboscis by the length of the last segment ; segments marked with white mainly
at base, with long and dense brown and golden hairs on sides. Antenna with shorter
segments, densely covered with brown plumes, the two apical ones with short
pilosity and elongate. Wing with 6th. vein completely covered with white scales.
Two fore and mid claws long and toothed, hind ones simple.
Genitalia : (fig. 275). Basistyle elongate, more than three times basal width,
lobe bevond middle, reduced, with four larger setae and smaller ones, there is also
a subapical group of small setae. Dististyle with less than half the length of basistyle, curved, thick, the claw subterminal, the apex expanded. Mesosome with
upper horn ending in an upcurved tooth, the external margin with protuberances
or smooth (see Lar:e, 1036 b). Tenth sternite with a dense crown of setae below
it, approximately seven spicules.
Pupa - Tube subtriangular, the opening large and notched, two and a half
times the apical width ; a blackish characteristic spot on internal basal portion.
Cephalothorax unicolorous, the setae small and simple or multiple.
Abdomen (fig. 276) with first four segments blackish in the middle ; hair B
on III with more than half the length of segment, in IV and V generally double
and quite longer than length of segment ; hair C of III multiple and with more
than half the length of segment, in IV and V dolrble, while in VI it is simple, in
these segments it is lorger than lenglh of segment ; hair A on II-V double, in VI
triple, finally in VII-VIII
multiple and with a third the length of segment. Paddle
nearly rounded, twice the length of segment VIII anl with two small setae at apex,
one of them is simple and the other double or triple.
314
CULEX
.
Fig.
276.
Cdex
(Lutzk)
and tube.
Bellardi,
bigoti
1861.
Pupa.
Abdominal
segments, dorsal
Original.
Larva (fig. 277). Head broader than long, the integument unicolorous.
Antenna very short,, uniform and with a single seta beyond middle ; apex with
two setae and a spicule which is short and strongly sclerotized. Mouth brushes
formed by numerous strong, curved, sclerotized elements. Ma.ndibles strong and
with four large and a number of small teeth. Labial plate with five teeth on each
side, longer than the central ones which are small and blunt. Clypcus with simple
long setae.
275.
Fig.
277.
C&x
(Luteia)
bigoti
Bellardi,
1861.
Larva.
Head aud k
rninal segments.
Original,
Fig. 278. -
Culex
(Lutzia)
Mesosome.
aliostigma
Original.
Howards,
Dpar
& Knab,
1913
Male
genitalia.
315
CULES
Culex
1906
Lutziu
1918
Cules Dyar,
(Lutzia)
Howard,
Dyar,
id.,
& Knab,
471.
& Honnc-I\-epstel,
id.,
175.
1925
Bonne
& Bonne-Wepster,
1925
Lutzzu
Dyar,
1931
Culex
,Ilartini,
1939
Senevrt
syn.
1906
Mos.
Mob.
Brn.,
Rev.
Ent.,
, Ar.
Ins.
bigoti
Sur.,
192.
267.
& Abonnenc
Lutzia
Mon.,
6 : 93 ; 1923 Bonne
allostigma
Dyar
Dyw
217.
Pasteur
& Knob
.Ugbrle,
fpro
: 63.
17
parte),
J.
N.
Y.
E:nt.
Sot.,
14 :
180.
iVcbrv similar to C. higoti. Can bc separated from this species by the following
characters : - Adult.
A distinct white spot on middle of costal region which reaches 1st. vein. 11Ialc genitalia with numerous developed and pointed teeth on
external margin of mcsosomc. (fig. 278). Lark : Scales of p&en not, surpassing
the middle of siphon.
Eyy - Jennings (in Howard, Dyar & &lab,
1915 pg. 472) : - I. . . , The
cgga were cylindrical, about l/32 of an inch in length, as nearly as could be estimated, slender, and terminated in a nearly hemispherical head of the same diameter as the body of the egg, which, however was drawn to a low point or apex.
The body of the rod-like egg was of a pale yellowish white with a metallic reflection
appearing almost galden in certain lights, whik~ the apex or head, which was sharply
defined, was of a pale blue color. The eggs were arranged in a double row, forming
a raft or boat. The largest, mass contained Iwenty-five pairs . . . .
Type locality- Panama.
Type in U. S. ir;. XI.
Distribution
Panama
Nicaragua
Surinam
Peru
Colombia
Brad,
Subgenus
1758
Culex
Linnneus,
Syst.
Nat.
Theobald,
ed.
1903
Lasioconops
1903
Hcptaphlebomyia
Mon.
1905
Pseu.doheptaphlebomyia
1905
Trichopronomgiu
1907
Aporoculex
Theobald,
Mon.
1907
Leucomyia
Theobnld,
id.,
1907
Pseudoculex
1907
OcuZeomyia
Theobaldiomyia
1914
Phalangomyia
1916
Laiomuia
1917
Transculiciu
1918
Cacoculex
Theobald,
Izquierdo,
Dyw,
:
4
Ins.
type
-
type
Mus.,
Ins.
type
98 -
type
poicilipes
poicilipes.
squumosus
Taylor.
Theobsld.
Theobald.
poiciliprs.
bi!aeniorkyncltus
4
Mens.,
Pueblo
5
type
gelidus
type
Mens.,
100 -
s. str.
3 :
Hung.,
150 -
Ind.
Ins.
s. Pal.,
Nat.
4 :
372 -
& Knab,
Inv.
Mus.
: 318
: 51.5
Recd.
Ins.
id.,
Cul.,
4
id.,
Brunetti,
Dyar
An.
id.,
Theobald,
Dyar,
id.,
Ventrillon,
Theobzld,
1912
Cul.,
Theobald,
C U 1, E X
10.8
462 2
(thesis),
184 -
habilitator
58 65 -
type
D.
Gales.
type
type
type
gelidus.
debalis D.
& K.
? stigmatosoma
bahamensis
D.
Dyar.
& K.
& K.
Characters
Fcrde : Proboscis slightly thickened apically.
Palpus twice the lengtlh of clypeus. L4nte,nna longer than proboscis,
316
CULEX
filiform. Occiput with erect, forked scales and curved slender ones
except on ocular margin and mentum where they are broad, rounded
and always whitish.
Thorax : Mesonotum with narrow scales. Scutellum with sparse
scales.
Mule - Proboscis articulated in the middle in many Neotropical
species, the mesial spot often originating a ring. Palpus always longer
than proboscis by the length of last two segments (except in C. joliaceus), laterally with denser pilosity than in female ; in many species
dark in the female but with basal white spots in the male.
Genitalia : Differs from those of other subgenera by the number
of elements in the apical lobe of dististyle, conformation of mesosome
and tenth sternites which always bear tufts of hairs.
Pupa - Without subgeneric characters.
Larva - Head broader than long. Antenna with a developed tuft
at base of distal third, apical portion attenuated. Scales of pecten of
segment VIII numerous and free. Siphon with pecten. Anal segment
with numerous ventral tufts.
Egg - There are few observations from a taxonomical point of
view.
Some species are difficult to place because the
Systematics descriptions are vague and the characters of male genitalia, specially
the mesosome are frequently incorrectly described. Larvae show
much variation, chiefly as to the position and number of elements on
siphon. This genus can be divided into the two groups mentioned
below.
Group A - In this group the species which do not bear a cha.racteristic leaf on the apical lobe of basistyle of male are placed. They
bahamensis, beauperthuyi, bonneae, brevispinosus, coronator,
are : derivator, duplicator, habilitator, maracayensis, maxi, saltanensis and
surinamensis.
Group B - All the species with a characteristic leaf on upper lobe
of basistyle of male are placed here. They are : - abnormalis, acharistus, airosai, articularis, apicinus, carcinoxenus, chidestri, corniger,
diplophyllum, dolosus,jatigans, joliaceus, injlictus, interjor, interrogator,
janitor, levi-castilloi, lygrus, mauesensis, mollis, nigripalpus, pinarocampa, pipiens, secutor, sphinx, spinosus, stenolepis, stigmatosoma and
virgultus.
Bionomics - The females of some species are markedly anthropophilous, others prefer several mammals while yet others have a
marked preference for the blood of birds. They take their meals at
dusk or at night time. The males swarm at dusk for mating. BreThey breed in large and small
eding places are very variable.
collections of water, natural and artificial containers.
Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
for
the
females
of
317
CULEX
s. str.
3.
Wing with unicolorous scales ...........................
2.
Wing with white scales ................................
A distinct line of white scales on first vein ; legs average . .deZys
Dirty white scales on fork of second vein ; legs long and slender ;
apicinus
restricted to the Incasic center .....................
4.
Tarsi dark .............................................
.18.
Tarsi with rings (indistinct in some species of dolosus) ......
5.
Abdomen without white bands on tergites .................
11.
Abdomen with white bands on tergites ...................
9.
Mesonotum with a pattern formed by light colored scales ....
Mesonotum without such a pattern, the light scales, when present, are restricted to the prescutellar region and sides of
6.
mesonotum ..........................................
318
virgultus - _
319
CTJLEX
for
the
male
genitalia
of
CULEX
ma?acayensis 5 27
levi-castilloi
s. str.
320
CULEX
sphinx
..ll.
12. Apical lobe of basistyle simple and with only two or three appen..13.
dicles ............................................
14.
This lobe subdivided ....................................
13. Apical lobe of basistyle without a columnar process ; there is a
single foliaceous seta with straight ones above and below it.
..... ..... .......
. lobe with
of
a&ai
joliaceus
...............................................
14. With
With
15. With
With
.17.
a single leaf on the upper branch of apical lobe .......
.15.
more than a leaf on upper branch of apical lobe ......
.16.
two leaves on the apical lobe ......................
three leaves on the upper branch of apical lobe. . Zeui-castilloi
16. With two leaves on upper branch of the apical lobe ; below the
apicinus
apical lobe a densely setose protuberance ...........
diplophyllum
Without. such a protuberance ....................
17. Mesosome without teeth on the lateral margin ............
Mesosome with teeth on the lateral margin ..............
.18.
.21.
18. Upper division of apical lobe with three or four setae besides the
leaf.................................................lg.
Such a division with only two setae besides theleaf, one of them
20.
curved .............................................
19. Setae of the upper division straight ...........
pipiens fatigans
scu.tatus
With three hooked and one straight setae ............
20. A striated leaf on the upper branch of the apical lobe .... interfor
acharistus
With this leaf smooth ............................
21. With two to five teeth on the lateral margin of mesosome ... .22.
With more than five teeth on the lateral margin of mesosome. .26.
22. Upper margin of mesosome smooth ......................
Such a margin spiculose, the teeth blunt at apex ....
.23.
nigripalpus
c u
-_
Id
321
- -__
Zygrus
secutor
.27.
.28.
slenolepis
moZZis
28. Mid plate of mesosome with ten teeth on t.he external margin. .29.
.37.
This plate with twenty teeth on the external margin .......
............................
.30.
29. Teet!h of mesosome pointed
corniger
These teeth blunt and very close together ...........
30. Upper horn never beyond the teeth ......................
This horn quite beyond the teeth ........................
31. J,ower horn of mid plat,e of mesosome long
upwards. ............................................
This horn short and straight ........................
and
.33.
.31.
curved
32.
janitor
32. Lpper division of the a,pical lobe with a hooked seta besides-the
articularis
leaf .........................................
dolosus
This division with straight setae ....................
.34.
Upper division of the apical lobe with curved setae ........
This division with a single foliaceous seta besides the leaf. ...
carcinoxenus
............................................
This division with a foliaceous seta, a leaf and a* pointed seta
m.auesensis
.............................................
.35.
34. Tenth sternite with sparse spicules ......................
.36.
This sternite densely spiculose ..........................
33.
35. Upper branch of the apical lobe with a single seta beyond the
......................
inflict us
leaf ....................
With other elements besides the above mentioned ones. .........
abnormalis
..............................................
36. The teeth of the mid plate of mesosome nearly over all the margin
spinosus
and long .......................................
These teeth inserted only on the upper half of the margin ....
stigmatosoma
...........................................
interrogator
37. Xlesosome with t,wenty teeth restricted to the upper portion
corniger
................................................
chidestri
These teeth from base to the upper margin ...........
While C. deZys is unknown in the male, C. deriuator is insufficiently described.
322
CULEX
Key
for
the
larvae
of
CULEX
s. str.
2 - 1.1.3
breuispinosus
fji&Ai eight i,&& tie
PTc
CULEX
-_
~___
~ ~~_
~__ ._~,
323
Siphon five and a half times the basal width, five multiple tufts
beyond t,he pecten ; p.h.f 1.1.1 - 2 - 1.1.213 . . surinamensis
12. Siphon less than six and a half times the basal width . . . . . . .13.
Siphon eight times the basal width ; p.h.f 1.1.1 - 2 1.1.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . abnormalis
13. With four gills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14.
With only two gills which are very short ; p.h.f. 1.1.1 - 2 - 1.1.3
bahamensis
. . . . . . . . . ..I.................................
14. Plate of anal segment with very short and sparse spiculosity . .15.
Plate of anal segment with long and dense spiculosity over its
whole surface ; p.h.f. 1.1.1. - 1 - 1.1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . spinosus
15. Siphon six times the basal width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16.
Siphon less than six times the basal width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17.
16. Tufts of clypeus with less than five hairs ; p.h.f. 1.1.1 -- l/2 1.1.2 (from South America) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dolosus
Tufts of clypeus with more than five hairs; p.h.f. (for pinarocampa only) 1.1 .l - 2 - 1.1.2 (from Mexico) . . . . stenolepis
pinarocampa
17. Siphon four times the basal width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.8.
Siphon five or five and a half times the basal width . . . . . . . . .22.
18. Abdominal segments III and IV with double or triple settle 6. .19.
Abdominal segments III and IV with a single seta 6 ; p.h.f.
1.1.2 - 2 - 1.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , scutatus
19. Abdominal segments III and IV with double setae . . . . . . . . .20.
These segments with triple setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stigmatosoma
20. Tufts on siphon normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . .21.
Tufts on siphon minute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . foliaceus
21. Tufts of siphon shorter than width of same . . . . . . . carcinoxenus
diploph~llum *
Tufts of siphon longer than width of same . . . . . pipiens fatigans
22. Siphon with three tufts beyond the pecten . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23.
Siphon with five tufts beyond the pecten ; p.h.f. 1.1.1 - 2 - 1.1.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . se&or
23. Tufts with two or three slender branches ; p.h.f. 1.1 .l. - 2 1.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mollis
Tufts with four or five distinct, branches ; p.h.f. 2.2.2 - 2 - 1.1.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . apicinus
The. larvae of the following species are unknown or insufficiently
described : - acharistus, airosai, articularis, delys, duplicator, interfor,
levi-casfilloi, lygrus, mauesensis, maxi, and saltanensis.
* Prothoracic
hair formula
1.1.1 -
2 -
1.12.
324
Group
Culex
1906
Culez
1915
Howsrd,
Dysr
(Culex)
& Knao,
Dyar
& Knab,
J.
N.
Y.
Mon.,
InF.
Mens.,
Ent.
Sot.,
: 300.
3 : 114 ;
A.
bahamensis
& Knab,
Ins.
14
210.
1915
Dgar
1925
Boone
1928
Dgar,
syn
1917
Culcx
(Tmnsculicia)
eleulhera
D>.ar,
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
1920
Culex
(!,%mscu~iciu)
petersoni
Dyar,
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
1925
C. (T.)
& Bonne-Wepster,
Rlos.
Am.,
1906.
Mos.
Sur.,
1920 Dyar,
id.,
29.
190.
360.
petersoni
Bonne
& Boom-Wepster,
Amos. Sm.,
:
:
184
; 1918
Dyar,
id.,
:,100.
27.
190.
Fe?ruxle- Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark except for a median white
ring ; labellum whitish. Palpus twice the length of clypeus, dark but with a few
white scales at apex. Ant,enna with light brown torus, darker internally ; flagellum
as long as proboscis. Occiput with erect forked, black scales intermixed with
appressed, narrow, curved white and light brown ones, on the sides and below with
broad white scales.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with blackish setae and white scales. Mesonotum
with light brown integument ; covered with bronzy scales except on the sides and
on prescutellar region where thev are whitish ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae brown. Scutellum white scaled. Pleura with center darker ; posterior
pronotum with narrow, slender, curved scales ; sternopleura and mesepimeron
with patches of white scales ; two posterior pronotal blackish setae ; sternopleurals
golden below, darker above ; lower mesepimerals two, brown ; upper mcsepimerals
golden.
Legs : Fore coxa covered anteriorly with white scales above and dark ones
below ; mid coxa with white scales ; both coxae with dark brown setae ; hind
coxa with sparse white scales, the setae of a lighter color. Femora and tibiae dark
except internally where they arc whitish and at apex which are yellowish. Tarsi
wit,h discreet rings on joints.
Wing with narrow scales, those of costal region broader. Haltere whitish.
Abdomen dark with broad basal white bands. Sternites with whitish scales.
Male Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of last segment,, the
segments dark with apical rings, the distal segments with dark setae. Antenna
shorter than proboscis, the plumes dark brown. Abdomen and tarsi with markings
more distinct than in the female.
Genitalia : (fig. 279). I3usistyle slightlv more than twice the basal width,
rounded, the apical lobe developed and bearing two short and very thick set,ae
at apex, the upper one can be blunt or curved at apex (in some specimens there
cm
be an additional scta curved at apex) ; internal lateral margin with a group
of foliaceous, curved setae which deer-case in size as they approach apex ; body of
basistrle with two tufts of differentiated setae. one of them is on t,he side but the
other is subapical. Mesosome with a short,, curved upper horn, the lateral margin
with a protuberance which is strongly sclerotized and from which many laminate.
pointed and very united teeth emerge. Tenth sternite with sparsely sctose apex,
t,he setae weakly sclerotixed.
t?tpa linknown.
Larva - (fig. 280). Head broader than long, the tufts with three to five hairs.
Antenna spiculose, the tufts multiple and on apical third.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.3. - 2 - 1.1.3. Eighth segment
with the scales free and in a patch ; siphon four times the basal width, the pecten
of a few scales on basal fifth but with six multiple tufts beyond it. Anal segment
with a saddle-shaped plate ; dorsal hairs 1 + 3 ; ventral brush dense. Rranchiat:
two, short, blunt.
7ype locality - Bahamas
(H. IV. I.). Type in G. S. K. R/I.
I)istribution
: Virgin
Bahamas
: U. S. A., Florida.
Islands
Puerto
Rico.
2i9.
Fig.
259.
Culex
Fir.
2RO.
Larva.
1906
Cukx
Dyar
1915
Howard,
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
1938
OConnor
syn.
1915
240.
(Culrx)
Head
Culex
J.
& Knab,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Cukz
nntl
Am.,
& Knab,
abdominal
habilitador
Y.
Mon.,
Ent.
3
MOF.
SW.,
Ser.,
1906.
Dyar
14
JInlc
segments.
genitalia.
Original.
Original.
Iinab, 1906.
&
212.
261.
189.
361.
& Reatty,
ewmiia
N.
Dyar
terminal
(Culex)
& Knab,
Dyar
bahammsis
Trans.
Howard,
R.
Sot.
Dyer
Trop.
& Knab,
Med.
Mon.,
& Hyg.,
3
31
413.
261.
Pemnle
Proboscis the length of fore femur, dark, a large ventral white
patch in the middle nearly forming a band. Palpus dark, twice the length of
clypcus. AIntenna filiform, as long as proboscis. Occiput with dark erect scales,
white ones on margin and mentum.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe. with dark scales and setae. Mesonotum w&h dark,
bronzy scales, without a pattern, sides and prescutellar region with yellowish
scales. Scutellum with brown and yellowish scales. Pleura brown, a single mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark. Femora whitish ventrally.
Tarsi with narrow white rings on
joints.
Abdomen : Tergites blackish with narrow basal white bands on segments.
Halterc whitish .
Male Proboscis longer than fore femur, the white beyond articulation
and nearly forming a ring. Palpus acuminate, longer than proboscis by nearly
the last two segments which arc sparsely setose. Antenna moderately plumosc.
Genitalia : (fig. 281). Basistyle elongate, the apical lobe little dcvelopcd and
with two long setae inserted on a developed base, the lower smaller. Distist,yle
short and thickened in the middle. Claw subterminal and developed. Mesosome
(Dyar, 1928) plate broad, thin, denticulate on the edge, with a very long tooth
from base, twice as long as the plate. Parameres and basal plates normal. Tenth
sternites stout, tufted with fine spines.
326
CULEX
Pupa - (fig. 282). Tube elongate, slightly flared at apex. Tuft A small and
in a three branched tuft on segments III-VII
; B as long or longer than segment
in V-VII,
in V with five branches, in VI and VII double. Paddle twice the length
of segment VIII.
Fig.
282.
Culex
dorsal
(C&X)
habilitator
Dyar
and tube.
Original.
& Knah,
1906.
Pupa.
Abdominal
segments,
Larva - (fig. 283). Head with darker integument on the sides. Antenna
sparsely spiculose, the tuft on distal third.
Prothoracic formula 3.2.1. - 1. - 3.2.1. Body nude. Lateral comb of the
eighth segment with two or three rows of about 50 scales. Siphon eight times broa-
283.
281.
Fig.
281.
Fig.
28.3.
Culex
(Culex)
habilitator
Dyar
tion of basistyle
and dististyle.
Head
and
siphon.
& Knab.
Original.
1906.
Male
genitalia.
Apical
por-
327
dest width, the pecten on basal fourth ; three small double hairs beyond pecten.
Anal segment ringed by plate ; dorsal tuft 3 + 1. Gills four.
Type 2ocaZity S. Domingo.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution S. Domingo
: Virgin Islands : St. Croix.
Culex
1923
1925
1928
syn.
(Culex)
Evans, 1923.
maracayensis
121
21, 213.
Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark, a broad white ring beyond
the middle. Palpus dark, twice the length of clypeus. Occiput with dark and
yellowish scales intermixed, white scales on ocular margin and mentum.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with yellowish scales and setae. Mesonotum dark
brown, without a pattern, whitish scales on sides and prescutellar region. Scutellum
with whitish scales. Pleura brown.
Legs dark. Femora and tibiae white underneath, also femoro tibia1 joints.
Tarsi with broad white rings on joints.
Abdomen : Tergites with narrow basal white bands on segments.
MaZe Proboscis the length of fore femur, a white ring at base of distal
third. Palpus longer than proboscis by the last two segments which are plumose;
thickened and have basal-white rings ; I and II whitish at base. Tarsi with white
rings on joints. First five abdominal segments with basal, narrow, white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 284). Apical lobe of basistyle ending in a narrow protuberance
having, at apex, two long setae curved at apex, the body of lobe with three short
hairs. Second Dlate of mesosome with the upper horn stout and pointed, the margin
with two groubs of small teeth.
285.
284.
Fig. 284. -
Fig. 285. -
Larva.
Head
and terminal
1923.
abdominal
Male
segments.
genitalia.
Upper
lobe of
Original.
Unknown.
Pupa Larva - (fig. 285). Head broader than long, the tufts in four. Antenna long,
the tuft on outer third.
328
Culex
1943
Culex
(Cdez)
Andum,
(Culex)
Rev.
Anduze, 1943.
It,eauperthuyi
S. A. S.,
Venrzuelz,
8 .
469.
Female - Proboscis slightly shorter than fore femur. Palpus dark, a little
longer than clypeus. Antenna &h
yellowish torus, darker internally.
Occiput
with narrow, golden scales.
Thorax : Integument light brown. Pronotal lobe with golden scales and
sctae. Mesonotum with the scales not forming a pattern ; covered with curved,
golden scales, the sides and prescutellar depression with whitish scales. Scutellum
with golden scales and 5-S-5 setae. Pleura with a single lower mesepimtral seta and
groups of white scales in middle of sternopleura and mesepimeron.
Legs dark except femora and tibiae internally also apex and base of hind
tarsus I ; tarsi with dist,inct rings of white scales on joints.
Abdomen with broad basal white bands on tergites. Sternites with basal
dark bands, the rest, whitish.
MaEe - Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of last two segments ;
II and III with a vent,ral white patch, IV and V with a basal white ring. Antenna
reaching apex of segment III and densely plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 286). Basistyle elongate, the apical lobe with three lower
setae, one is shorter and ends in a sharp point, the longer ones end in curved points ;
apically there are two or three thicker pointed setae ; between these there are
numerous smaller setae which occupy all the surface of the lobe up to base. Mesosome with numerous t$ecth on mid plate, they are inserted nearly over all the external margin and end apirally in a larger longer tooth ; upper horn short and
straight. Tenth sternitc weakly sclerotized with sparse setae at apes and spiculose
on 1:1teral margin.
Pupa - Tube with over three times greatest width.
Abdominal segments VI-VIII
with short and small hairs. Paddle a little
over twice the length of segment, VIII.
Larva Anduze (1943) : Cabeza sub-globular ; antenas graudes y
gruesas en la base, atenuadas apical, donde hay cuatro espinas largas y un pequefio
artcfacto truncado. En el coda hay un gran mechrin de pelos y una espina corta en
tridente. La parte m&s gruesa tiene muchas espinas. Los pelos occipitales inferiorcs
y superiores, en mechones de 5-6 pelos. Integumento de1 t$rax y abdomen piloso.
El octave segment0 abdominal tiene una mancha triangular dc dicntes espinados.
El sif6n Iargo, finamente espinado hasta el cuarto apical, donde las espinas se hacen
m&s fuertes, dejando la parte apical sin espinas. Ventral se encuentran cinco pares
de mechones mliltiplos y dos hileras de diez dientes largos, agudos, con dos ganchos
que parten de la base. Silla anal rodeando el segmento, csclcrosada y finamente
espinada. En partes se ven las espinitas coma reunidas en grupos de cuatro. Cepillo
dorsal, dos pares de pelos largos simples y dos pares de mechones de cerdas largas.
Cepillo ventral, siete pares de mechones de pelos largos. En ninguna de las exuvias
pude observar 10s hranquios.
Type locality - Venezuela,
State of Carabobo, Borburata.
Types in the
Institute of Hygiene of Venezuela.
Disfriblction - Venezuela
and Bras& State of Bahia.
329
CULES
---
_~
286.
Cules
(Cults)
saltanensis
IIyar,
1928.
Female Unkno\vn.
Jilal~ - Dyar (1928) : - Tarsi dark, with minute white rings at the joint,s.
Proboscis wit,h a small white ring near the middle. Palpi with white marks at
middle of long joint and at bases of the last two.
Genitalia : (fig. 287). .4pical lobe of basistyle with about, ten slender, pointed
sctac, the apes ending in two thick, short rods, the upper one blunt, the lower
one longer than the upper and point.ed. Second plate of mesosome wit,h the uppct
horn long and slender, margin with many pointed teeth leaving only a small space
befort the lower horn which is short and blunt.
Yupa and larva Unknown.
Province of Salta, Camp0 Santo de Salta.
Type locality -4rgentinq
Type in U. S. N. AI.
Note - The type is a whole mosquito mount~ed on a slide>.
330
1909
1915
1918
1925
1928
Culex (Cukx) Dyar & Xnnb, Smiths. Misc. Coils., Quar. Iss., 52 : 258.
Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mon., 3 : 235.
Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 : 100.
Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 239.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 384.
Culex
(Culex)
duplicator
Female - Proboscis the length of fore femur, a white ring beyond the middle.
Occiput with golden scales, white ones on margin and mentum.
Thorax : Mesonotum with brown scales and an indistinct pattern of yellowish
ones. Scutellum with yellowish scales. Pleura with brown integument.
Legs dark. Femora and tibiae white ventrally, large femoro tibia1 and t,ibio
tarsal white marks. Tarsi with broad white rings on joints.
Abdomen : Tergites with white basal bands on tergites.
Male - Proboscis longer than fore femur, a white ring beyond the middle.
Palpus with extensive white marking on underside, III and IV with white rings
at base and sparsely pilose. Antenna moderately plumose, as long as proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 288). Basistyle with apical lobe undivided, the lower seta
shorter and straight, the median one longer than the other, the apex curved ; base
densely covered with pilosity. Second plate of mesosome with an upper horn and
a large number of spaced teeth ; the lateral margin with numerous teeth.
289.
288.
Fig. 288. -
Culex
Fig. 289. -
Culex (Culex)
Fig. 290. -
Larva.
(Culex)
duplicator
bonneae
Terminal
290.
Dyar
Dyar
abdominal
& Knab,
segments.
Culex
(Culex)
& Knab,
bonneae
1909.
1919.
Xale
genitalia.
Nale genitalia.
Original.
Original.
Original.
Type in U. S. N. hf.
and Haiti.
1919 Culez Dyar & Knab, Ins. Ins. Mens., 7 : 3; 1923 Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, id., 11 :
1925 Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 237.
1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 385.
1%.
Female - Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, blackish. Palpus twice
the length of clypeus. Occiput with forked dark scales intermixed with yellowish
ones, white scales on margin and mentum.
331
CULEX
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with yellowish setae and scales. Mesonotum with
yellowish integument and very slender scales ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae
short. Scutellum with whitish scales in the middle. Pleura yellowish.
Legs brown.
Abdomen : Tergites dark, without bands but with large basolateral white
spots.
illale - Palpus longer than proboscis by the last two segments which are
acuminate and sparsely setose. Antenna moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 289). Basistyle with the apical lobe bearing three setae, the
two upper ones curved at apex ; the upper division represented by seven short setae
which are very united. Mesosome with the upper horn developed and surpassing
the plate which is formed by numerous united and pointed teeth.
Pupa - Tube flared at apex, thick. Hair B on segments IV and V twice as
long as segment. Paddle nearly three times the length of segment VIII.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - Head rounded, slightly bulging at the sides ; antennae not as long as head, a tuft beyond the middle, the part beyond it more slender, basal part spinulated.
Body spiculose.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (inserted in a single sclerotixed plate) 1 - 1.2.1. (fig. 290). Lateral comb of the eighth segment formed by three rows
of free scales. Siphon curved, less than three times the broadest width, pecten
starting quite beyond base and nearly reaching apex, formed by long teeth, four
long double or trrple tufts within the pecten and followed by a single long seta.
Anal segment ringed by the plate ; dorsal setae 1 + 2. Gills four, longer than the
segment.
Type locality Surinam,
Lawa river, Compagnie des Mines dOr.
Type
in U. S. N. M.
Type locality Surinam
: Bras&
States of Amazonas and Par&
.Culex
(Culex)
coronator
coronator
Dyar
Female - Proboscis the length of fore femur, dark except for a large white
ventral spot which nearly forms a ring. Palpus twice the length of clypeus. Antenna one fourth longer than proboscis. Occiput with narrow, golden scales, the
forked ones brown.
Thorax : Integument brown. Mesonotum densely covered with bronzy scales
and white ones on the sides and anteriorly which also extend to the prescutellar
depression, above it two spots forming a distinct pattern. Scutellum with white
scales. Pleura with narrow curved scales on posterior pronotum, broad white
332
ones on sternopleura, below and on the middle ; mescpimeron with mid and upper
setae, the lower with one or two setae.
Legs dark except femora and tibiae internally and the femoro tibia1 and
tibio tarsal joints which are whitish. Tarsi with broad white rings on joints.
Abdomen with broad basal white bands on tergites. Sternit#es with narrow
basal bands.
Male - Proboscis with a white ring beyond middle. Antenna plumose and
reaching t,he apex of palpal segment III.
Palpus with basal white rings, III with
an extensive lower and median white spot.
setae at
Genitalia (fig. 291) : Basistyle having a group of differentiated
apex, they are long or short,, dense or sparse ; apical lobe with thicker setae at
base and shorter, more slender ones at apex, the apical setae slender or broadened,
their number variable ; there can be or not a small group of setae beyond the apical
lobe. Mesosome with upper horn longer than the median teeth, these varying in
number. Tent.h sternite weakly sclerotized and with sparse hairs.
Pupa - More sclerotized dorsally and on the first abdominal segments. Tube
six times the basal width, blackish at basal third. Group of setae on cephalothoras
with small hairs.
Fig. 291. -
Culex (Culex)
coronator eoronator Dyar & Knab, 1906.
Upper lobe of btlsistyle, dististyle and mesosome. Original.
Male
genitalia.
Abdomen : (fig. 292 .-I). Hair C on segments II-VI multiple, half the kngt h
of stlgmcnt ; 13on II and III half the length of segment,, in 11 triple, in V and
VI double and longer than segment ; hair A simple on II, short and double in III-VI,
in VII half as long as scgmcnt. Paddle two and a half times the lcngt,h of segment
VIII and with two minute apical spicules.
Lartn - (fig. 292 13). Head broader than long, with charartcristic darker
spots, the tufts multiple. Antenna spiculose on basal two thirds, the tuft, at base of
apical third ; apical third blackish and ending in long s&se.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) -- 2 - 1.1.2;3.
Siphon eight times the basal width and ending in a subapical crown of spines, pect,en
on basal third followed by three double or triple tufts. Scales of segment VIII in a
triangular patch. Anal segment broader than long, dorsal setae (2 + l), the lateral
ones double.
292.
Fig.
Fit.
292. A. 292.
Il.
a.
292. e.
Dgnr
coronator
& Knah,
1906.
Pupa.
Original.
abdominal segments.
Origind.
(Culex)
coronator
camposi
Dyar,
1925.
28.
334
Culex
(Culex)
brevispinosus
Female Proboscis slightly shorter than fore femur, dark. Palpus twice
the length of clypeus. Occiput with dark erect scales intermixed with yellowish
ones, on ocular margin and mentum they are white.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown with bronzy scales and setae. Mesonotum
bronay. Scutellum yellowish. Pleura greenish ; a single mesepimeral and a tuft
of white scales on upper mesepimeron.
Legs dark. Femora whitish ventrally ; very small femoro tibia1 and tibio
tarsal white marks on joints. Tarsi dark.
294.
293.
Fig. 293. -
Culex
(Culex)
brevispinosus
1920.
Nale genitalia.
Original.
Fig.
294.
Lax-a.
Head
and terminal
abdominal
segments.
Original.
335
Genitalia : (fig. 293). Basistyle three times the basal width, apical lobe
with three straight setae on columnar process ; upper division nearly fused with
the columnar process, formed by six or seven foliaceous setae, there is apically
sparse pilosity. Dististyle short, thick, basally thickened.
Mesosome with the
plate ending in a characteristic protuberance which is T shaped and similar to
C. mdis, the external margin with ten or eleven pointed and spaced teeth.
Pupa Tube eight times the basal width, darker before the middle and
slightly expanded at apex. Other characters unknown.
Larva - (fig. 294). Head broader than long, without darker spots, the tufts
multiple. Antenna spiculose on the two basal thirds, smooth beyond the tuft.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.3. Siphon seven
times the basal width, the pecten on basal fourth and followed by a small triple
tuft and a simple hair. Scales of segment VIII in a patch. Anal segment longer
than broad ; dorsal setae (2 + 1) ; laterals double and small.
Type locality Surinam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Surinam
: Colombia
: Brad,
State of Amazonas.
Culex
1915
1915
1925
1928
(Culex)
sphinx
1915.
100.
296.
Fig. 295. -
Fig. 296. -
Larva.
Upper
Culex
1918
Culex
(Cdez)
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
1931
Shannon,
Dyar,
(Culex)
Ins.
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Am.,
Proc.
Ins.
surinamensis
Mens.,
Mos.
Sur.,
Dyar, 1918.
121.
230.
388.
Ent.
Sot.
Wash.,
33 :
9.
Female - Proboscis dark except for a broad and large lower spot which, in
some specimens, nearly forms a ring. Palpus dark, twice the length of clypeus.
Antenna with yellowish torus ; flagellum little longer than proboscis. Occiput
with narrow, golden scales, the forked ones bronzy.
Thorax : Integument, light brown. Pronotal lobe covered with whitish scales.
Mesonotum densely covered with yellowish scales except for a pattern formed by
a short anterior longitudinal stripe, four lateral spots and the prescutellar depression
which are covered with whitish scales. Scutellum white scaled. Pleura with upper
portion of the posterior pronotum with slender, curved, golden scales ; st.ernopleura
with white scales below and in the middle ; mesepimeron with scales of t,his color
in the middle and on top, there are two lower mesepimeral setae.
Legs dark except the femora and tibiae internally, the femoro tibia1 and tibio
tarsal joints which are white. Tarsi with disCnct rings on joints.
Abdomen with broad basal white bands on tergites. Sternites with blackish,
narrow apical bands, the rest white.
Male - Proboscis a little longer than fore femur, dark except for a broad
white ring beyond the middle, little thickened at apex ; labellum whitish. Palpus
longer than proboscis by more than the length of the last segment which is dark
white scaled in middle of segment III and base of IV. Antenna as long as proboscis,
strongly plumose. Pattern of mesonotum less distinct than in female. A single
mesepimeral seta. Abdomen quite pilose.
Genitalia : (fig. 297). Apical lobe with three straight rods in columnar
process followed by a compact group of seven setae, the upper ones hooked and also
an apical narrow, foliaceous striated seta. Mid plate of mesosome with seven
elongate teeth, lower horn straight, and short ; between the horn and the teeth
there is a notch. Tenth sternite with short apical setae.
Pupa Unknown.
Laroa (fig. 298). Head broader than long, the tufts multiple.
hntenna
longer than length of head, spiculose, even beyond the tuft.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.2/3. Body nude.
Pecten of segment VIII with a compact group of about t,hirty free scales. Siphon
seven times the basal width, the pecten with fifteen scales and six tufts of which
three are inserted beyond, two of t)hese are more spaced and all of them are multiple,
the last tuft is simple. ,4nal segment ringed by plate which is broader than long
and saddle-shaped, the whole segment is finely spiculose ; dorsal setae (1 + 3) ;
lateral setac t,wo, very small.
297.
298.
Fig.
297.
Culex
(G&x)
basistyle
and
Fin.
298.
Larva.
Type locality
Distributim
Coastal Region.
surinamensis
Dyar,
mesosome.
Original.
Head
and
Surinam,
Surinam
Culex
1928
Culez
(Culez)
1930
Shannon,
terminal
Dyar,
6.~ Reun.
Mos.
Sot.
Arg.
abdominal
Marowine
Bolivia
(Culex)
9m.,
1918.
SIale
segments.
genitalia.
Guianas:
maxi
Dyar,
lobe
of
Original.
Upper
Brasil,
Type in U. S. S. Jf.
Middle States of
1928.
386.
Pat.
Reg.
N.,
496.
Female Proboscis wit,h a broad white ring beyond the middle, slightly
longer than fore femur. Palpus twice t,he length of clypeus. Occiput with narrow
golden scales, the forked ones bronzy.
Thorax with light brown integument. Pronotal lobe with white scales Mesonotum densely covered wit,h short, curved, yellow, golden scales except, on the
sides and prescutellar region where they are whitish ; acrostichal, dorsocentral
and supralar setsac yellowish.
Pleura with upper region of posterior pronotum
bearing slender, curved, golden scales ; sternopleura wit.h white scales in the middle
and below ; mesepimeron with white scales in the middle and above.
338
Legs dark except the femora and tibiae internally and femoro tibia1 and tibio
t,arsal joints which are white. Tarsi with small white rings on joints.
Abdomen dark ; the tergites with basal spots nearly forming bands.
iWale - Palpus dark except segments II to IV at base and on large median
spot on III which are white scaled. Antenna strongly plumose and a little beyond
palpal segment III.
Abdomen with broad basal bands on tergites.
Genitalia : (fig. 299). Basistyle with one or two differentiated setae at apex,
internally; apical lobe with divisions fused, above with two slightly thicker setae,
below with five straight setae expanded at tip. Mid-plate of mesosome with four
to six developed, short, thick, blunt teeth ; lower horn straight, the space between
the teeth and the horn without a notch. Tenth sternite with few, slightly sclerotized setae.
-.
-3
-.
_ -_
--_
_--_
z;
300.
Fig.
299.
Culex
(Culex)
maxi
tyle and mesosome.
Dyar,
1928.
Original.
Male
Fig.
300.
(Culex)
airosai Lane,
1945.
Male
Culex
tyle and dististyle
mesosome.
Original.
genitalia.
genitalia.
Upper
Upper
division
of
basis-
division
of
baris-
Type in U. S. N. M.
Bahia and Rio Grande do
: Bras&
Sorte.
Group
Culex
1945
Culez
(Culez)
Lane,
Rev.
(Culex)
Ent.,
16
airosai
Lane, 1945.
204.
Female - Proboscis dark, a white ring beyond the middle which may not be
complete. Palpus blackish, one and a half times the length of clypeus. Occiput
with blackish integument, proclinate and ocular setae golden, narrow white and
yellowish forked scales intermixed.
Thorax with dark brown, nearly blackish, integument.
Pronotal lobe with
golden setae and scales. Mesonotum with .lighter integument on the sides and two
longitudinal blackish stripes ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae short, brown,
the humeral and supralar ones long and golden ; with dark brown scales except
339
CULES
on the sides and in front where there are yellowish white ones advancing in the
middle of the disk, there are also small groups nearly forming spots ; prescutellar
region with white scales. Scutellum white scaled. Pleura having groups of white
scales on upper portion of sternopleura and mesepimeron.
Legs dark, femora lighter internally ; apical white rings on femora and tibiae.
Tarsi with white rings on the joints.
Abdomen with blackish tergites except for basal bands of white scales. Sternites basally white, apically black.
Male - Proboscis with a white ring beyond the middle. Palpus longer than
proboscis by the length of the last two joints. Antenna shorter than proboscis,
plumosity long and dense.
Genitalia : (fig. 300). Basistyle elongate, setose, the apical lobe formed only
by the protuberances resulting from the insertion of the three setae which are in
a row ; the first of them is long and ends in a point, the second is leaf like and the
third is very slender and ends in a point. hlesosome with the upper horn smooth
and with seven or eight teeth and one or two spicules. Ninth tergite densely pilose.
Unknown.
Plhpa and larva Type ZocaEity- Brasil,
State of Amazonas, Paruary river. Type in F. H.
Distribution That of type locality.
CuIex
1945
Cdex
(Culex)
1950
Stone,
Rev.
Lane,
Ent.,
(Culex)
Rev.
21
Ent.,
16
foliaceus
Lane, 1945.
206.
237.
Female - Proboscis and palpus dark. Palpus two and a half times the length
of clypeus. Occiput with golden, narrow scales, the forked ones blackish.
Thorax : Integument dark brown. Pronotal lobe with golden setae and
scales. Mesonotum lighter at the sides, anteriorly and in the middle ; with two
longitudinal median lines of blackish integument ; covered with bronzy scales
except for a pattern of golden ones on the sides and over root of wing and two
median spots which fuse with the lateral stripe, scales of this color on the sides of
prescutellar depression ; acrostichal setae short, two or three pairs of long dorsocentral setae present. Scutellum with golden scales.
Abdomen dark brown, the tergites having basolateral spots formed by urhite
scales. Sternites with basal white stripes, the rest dark.
Legs dark except the femora on basal two thirds and apex of femora and
tibiae which are white. Tarsi dark.
Haltere with yellow stem, the knob a little darker.
MaZe - Proboscis one sixth longer than fore femur, dark brown. Palpus
longer than proboscis by two thirds the length of last segment, dark except at
base of segments where there are white scales. Ant,enna plumose. Abdomen dark
with basal bands of white scales on tergites.
Genitalia : (fig. 301). Columnar process of apical lobe of basistyle prominent
setose at base and with three set,ae at apex, the lower is the shortest and the upper
one the longest, lowest is blunt at apex, the others end in a curved point ; besides
these three differentiated setae t,here are two broad, large leaves, the lower one
being the largest. Mesosome with the median horn at right angles, ending in eight
subapical teeth, the upper margin with an elongate horn. Ninth tergite with a
nearly even interlobar space and seven setae on each lobe.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva Charact,ers taken from Stone (1950) : Head : Anteantcnnal
tuft multiple, weakly plumose, slightly shorter than antenna ; upper and lower
head hairs bifid or trifid, plumose ; postclypeal hair single, very slender ; sutural
and trans sutural hairs with 3-4 slender branches ; orbital and subantennal hair
long, double or triple ; infraorbital hair small, 4-branched ; subbasal hair long, 5
branched ; preclypeal spines slender, pale. Antenna with tuft near outer fourth ;
340
-
CULEX
^____ _
~~_
302.
301.
Fig.
301.
Fig. 302. -
Culex
(Culex)
fuliaccus
Lane,
1945.
genitalia.
Mnle
Original.
basal three fourths sparsely spiculate, the portion beyond tuft slightly narrowtxl,
smooth ; antenna1 tuft multiple, plumose.
Abdomen : Integument non-spiculate ; lateral hair on segment I triple, on
II to VII single or double. Comb of segment, VIII a patch of about 75 spatulate,
fringed scales in about four rows. Siphon : Index 5 to 5.25, slightly narrowed at
base and tapering slightly at apical third ; p&en on basal third of siphon of 10
to 14 scales, mostly with three lateral teeth ; siphonal tufts very small and weak
and rarely all present, but at most consisting of four pairs of bifid hairs, one in
line with pecten just before middle, one more laterad at about apical third, one
1:tterad near apical fifth, and one ventrad near apical tenth. Anal plate smooth,
ringing the segment, the lateral hair small, simple. Upper and lower caudal hairs
hoth simple, long, non plumose ; ventral brush of 11-12 tufts. :!nal gills moderately stout, the dorsal pair about as long as dorsal length of anal plate, the ventral
pair about three-fourths as long.
Type locality Brasil,
State of Rio Grande do Sorte, .W%. Type in S.F.A.
Distribution
Brad,
States of Iiio
Grande
do Nort,e, Bahia
and Per-
nambuco.
Culex
(Culex)
levi-castilloi
Lane, 1945.
341
CULEX
_ __
Legs dark except femora and tibiae internally and femoro tibia1 and tibio
tarsal joints which are whit,e. Hind tarsi with moderate white rings on joints.
Genitalia : (fig. 303). Columnar process of apical lobe with three setae, the
upper longest and both this and the median one with curved apex, the lower seta
shorter and blunt at apex ; upper division with a broad, developed, striated leaf,
above a foliaceous seta and below two narrower, distorted leaves which are fringed
in the middle. Mesosome with the lower horn curved downwards, the upper horn
small and short ; above there are three upturned teeth, laterally a large protuberant
t)ooth which is blunt at> apex and at right angles to the plate, the space bet,ween
the large tooth and protuberance is smooth. Tenth sternite with d&in&, strongly
sclerotized teeth.
Fig. 303. -
Cuber
(Cnlex)
Ievicastilloi
Lane,
basistyle, dististgle and mesosome.
Male
1945.
Original.
genitalia.
C&x
1865
1910
1924
1928
syn.
(Culex)
apicinus
Philippi,
Upper
1865.
lobe of
342
304.
Fig.
ZO4.
Culex
l?ig.
305.
Larva.
Larva -
(Culex)
Head
(fig. 305).
305.
apicinus
and
Philippi,
terminal
1865.
abdominal
Nale
genitalia.
segments.
Original.
Original.
Antenna
short.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 2.1.2 (on a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.3.
Lateral comb of segment VIII
formed by three rows of free scales. Siphon less
than three times broadest width, the pecten on basal third ; ten tufts of three
to five hairs from within pecten to near apex. Anal segment with a saddle shaped,
spiculose plate ; dorsal setae (1 + 3).
Culex
1929
Cukx
(Phalangomyiu)
(Culex)
Dyar,
Am.
343
diplophyllum
J. Hyg.,
Dyar,
1929.
9 : 509.
306.
Fig.
306.
Culex
(Culex)
diplophyllum
Dyar,
lobe of basistyle,
tenth
sternite
at
Fig.
307.
Larva.
Head
and
terminal
1929.
apex
segments.
Male
genitalia.
and mesosome.
Dististyle
Original.
upper
Original.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva (fig. 307). Head broader than long, the tufts multiple. Antenna
with tufts on outer third, spiculose before tuft..
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.2. Body nude.
Lateral comb of segment VIII with many free scales in three or four rows. Tube
more than four times basal width, the pecten on basal third followed by four mul-
c c
344
I,
1:
tiple tufts and a single seta before apex. Anal segment ringed by the plate which
is spiculose on posterior margin ; dorsal setae (2 + 1) ; lateral setae three, small.
Type hdity
- Peru, Verrugas Canyon. Type in U. S. N. M.
Bisttibution - That, of type locality.
Culex
(Culex)
pipiens
fatigans
Wiedemann,
1828.
Female Proboscis dark, white scales below and in the middle. Palpus
twice the length of clypeus. (fig. 308). Antenna with light brown torus ; flagellum
one fifth longer t,han proboscis. Occiput with narrow golden scales, the forked ones
brown.
308.
Fig. 308. l?ig. 310. -
Calex
(C&X)
ture.
Original.
Pupa.
1820.
Buccopharyngeal
Original.
arma-
Thorax : Integument brown. Pronotal lobe with yellowish scales and brown
setae. Mesonotum with light yellow dull scales ; dorsocentral setae longer than
acrostichals, supralar setae long. Scutellum with scales as in mesonotum. Pleura
without scales on posterior pronotum and sternopleura above, a single mesepimeral
set,a.
Legs dark except femora and tibiae internally ; femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal
joints white. Tarsi dark.
Abdomen with basal bands on tergites, the sides with triangular white spots.
sternites with white scales.
81aZe - Proboscis nearly with a ring beyond middle, apparently articulated.
Palpus with a narrow ring on joint of segments II and III, dorsally dark and ventrally extensively covered with white scales, longer than proboscis by half the length
of penultimate and all the last segments. Antenna shorter t.han proboscis, plumosc.
Genitalia : (fig. 309). Columnar process with seta a blunt, b and c hooked at
apex, a and b thicker ; upper division with a leaf, a long seta, a thick one and
two setae which are shorter and more slender. Mesosome with upper horn very
long and developed, the lateral margin with a single tooth, lower horn long and
curved downwards.
Fig. 309. -
Male genitalia.
(Based
Pupa - (fig. 310). Dorsum and first five abdominal segments darker in the
middle. Tube four times basal width, the base blackish.
Abdomen with hair I nearly as long as segment; hair B on segments II and
III double and two thirds the length of segment, in IV with four or five branches
and as long as segment, in V and VI double and longer than segment ; hair C in
II small and mult-iple, in III-VI
multiple, with five branches and three-fourths
.346
CULES
the length of segment, in VII with four branches and two thirds the length of
segment. Paddle two and a half times length of segment VII, with two terminal
spicules.
Larva - (fig. 311). Head darker basally, broader than long, the tufts multiple.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a single plate) - 2 1.1.2. Pecten of
segment VIII with the scales on a triangular patch. Siphon four times the basal
width, the pecten on basal third, with four multiple tufts beyond the pecten.
Anal segment nearly as broad as long, dorsal tuft (2 + 1) ; lateral hair single.
? ? ? ? ? Type ? in Holland ?.
Type locality Distribution - Tropical and sub-tropical regions of the World.
Habits Domestic species. Females markedly antropophilous.
Aquatic
stages passed chiefly in small pools and containers, specially of the artificial type.
Many other breeding places are also chosen.
Culex
1928
Culex
(Cdex)
Dyar,
Mos.
(Culex)
Am.,
interfor
Dyftr,
1928.
372.
Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark. Palpus twice the length
of clypeus. Antenna as long as proboscis. Occiput with yellowish scales and forked
black ones, on margin and mentum white scales.
Thorax with brown integument.
Pronotal lobe with yellowish scales and
setae. Mesonotum with narrow yellowish scales except on the sides ; prescutellar
region and two median spots of white scales forming a pattern. Scutellum with
white scales.
Legs dark, the femora whitish underneath ; femoro tibia1 joints also white.
Tarsi dark,
L
347
CULES
313.
312.
Fig. 312. -
Cdex
(Culex)
and mesosome.
Fig. 313. -
Culex
(Culex)
Dyar,
Original.
interfor
1928.
Male genitalia.
Root, 1927.
Original.
acharistus
Male genitalia.
Culex
(Culex)
acharistus
Root, 1927.
578.
c u
348
-_____
___~
_l.l____
Id
E x
-__.
illate - Proboscis dark, a few lighter scales in the middle, below. Palpus
exceeding proboscis by the length of half the penultimate and the last segment,
dark except IV below and very small rings on III and IV which are white scaled.
Occiput with narrow golden scales and brown forked ones.
Thorax : Integument light brown. Pronotal lobe wit>h sparse yellow scales
and setae. Mesonotum bronzy scaled except on prescutellar region where they
are whitish ; anterior acrostichals long, the dorsocent,rals in a row, shorter, supralars long. Scutellum white scaled. Pleura with white scales below and in the
middle, mesepimeron with white scales in the middle and above.
Legs dark, femora and fore and mid tibiae whitish below ; femoro tibia1 and
tibio tarsal joints, also the tarsi, with very narrow white rings, larger on hind tarsi.
Abdomen with basal broad white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 313). Apical lobe with three broad and united setae on
columnar process, the upper division with a hooked seta, a leaf and a straight seta.
Mesosome with upper horn elongate above into a hook-like filament ; below
with three lateral teeth, the two lower ones shorter and united, beyond these teeth
there is a smooth margin which ends in a large tooth which projects downwards ;
lower horn upcurved and longer than the upper one.
Pupa - (fig. 314). Dorsum and first four abdominal segments darker. Tube
six times t,he apical width, blackish on basal third. Cephalothoracic setae small.
Fig. 314. -
Culrx (Cnlex)
acharistus
11nd tube. Original.
Root,
1927.
Pupa.
dorsal
,~lxlon~inol aeoments.
_
Culex
1901
1915
1921
1922
1928
1931
(Culex)
nigripalpus
Theobald, 1901.
-~
-__
__
CULEX
349
316.
Fig. 3 15. -
Culex
(Culex)
nigripalpns
Pnpa.
dhdominal
Theobald,
Original.
se:meuts, dorsal.
1901.
Xnle
Original.
genitalia.
~T~)i~~rlobe of
350
CULEX
Female - Proboscis dark with a lower white spot. Palpus dark, one and
a half times the length of clypeus. Antenna with light brown torus ; flagellum
one third longer than proboscis. Occiput with narrow golden scales and blackish
forked ones.
Thorax : Integument light brown. Pronotal lobe with golden scales and
black setae. Mesonotum with short, bronzy scales except on prescutellar region
where they are whitish ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae developed.
Scutellum white scaled. Pleura with two lower mesepimeral setae and white scales
on lower portion of sternopleura.
Legs dark except femora, tibiae and femoro tibia1 joints which are white.
Tarsi dark.
Abdomen with dark tergites except for broad basal white bands which form,
below, triangular spots. Sternite with white scales but darker at apex.
MaEe - Proboscis dark, a large lower white spot in the middle. Palpus with
last two segments exceeding proboscis, the segments white below. dntenna shorter
than proboscis, plumose. Abdomen with broad basal white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 315). Basistyle with three blunt setae on columnar process ;
upper division with a narrow leaf and a seta. Mesosome with large upper horn,
longer t,han teeth, spiculose, the internal angle setose ; lateral margin with four
large teeth, lower horn small, straight and curved downwards.
Pupa (fig. 316). Dorsum and first abdominal segments darker. Tube
dark brown, more so at base and apex, slightly broadened at apex, three times
basal width.
Cephalothorax with small tufts.
Abdomen with segment II having hair 1 longer than length of segment ; C. 1
with A triple, half as long as segment, in VII-VIII
multiple and small ; II-VI
multiple and with more elements in VIII ; hair B multiple in IV-V and nearly as
long &s segment, in VI-VII
double and longer than segment. Paddle three times
the length of segment VIII and with two t,erminal spicules.
Fig.
317. -
Culex (Culex)
nigripalpus
Theobald,
1901.
Lam
<.
Original.
351
CULEX
Larva (fig. 317). Head broader than long, the tufts multiple.
Antenna.
spiculose, broader on basal two thirds, blackish beyond tuft.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a plate), 2 1.1.3. Pecten of segment
VIII
with the scales on a triangular patch. Siphon more than six times basal
width, the pecten on basal third, four tufts beyond pecten, the third out of place.
Anal segment surrounded by t,he plate, nearly as broad as long ; dorsal setae
(2 + I), lateral seta single.
Type locality St. Lucia
(B. W. I.). Type in B. M.
Distribution From Mexico
to Brad.
U. S. A., Florida.
Not found
up to present
in Bolivia:
Paraguay:
Argentina
: Peru and Chile.
Culex
1901
Culex
Theobald,
1921
Dyar,
Ins.
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
syn.
1906
Ins.
Mens.,
Am.,
Culex
declarator,
14
1907
Culex jubilator
C. vindicator,
C. declarator
29
Culex
Dyar
:
;
Theobald, 1901.
id., 5 : 380.
Ronne-Wepster
& Bonne,
id., 9 . 21.
virgultus
123
1921
1910
inquisitor
& Knab,
dictator,
& Knab,
Wepster
Theobald,
and
Culex
proclamator
Dynr
& Knab,
J.
N.
T.
Ent.
211.
1915
1918
Cul.,
364.
sot.,
Dyar
(Culex)
Mon.
I5
201.
inquisitor,
264,
269,
Mon.,
266,
and C. proclamator
& Bonne,
id.,
declarator,
id., 9
1925
C. declarator
Bonne
1927
C. declarator
Root,
Am.
1928
C. declarator
Dyar,
Mos.
1939
C. declarator
Senevet
195
Dyar,
270,
Am.,
revelator
274,
Mos.
and
proclamator
Howard,
279.
1922 C&es
& Bonne-Wepster,
J. Hyg..
jubilator,
272,
7 : 97 ; 1921 C. declarator
bidens
Dyar,
Sur.,
219.
Ins.
Ins.
&fens.,
10 :
Bonnc190.
577.
375.
& Abonnenc,
Ar.
Ins.
Pasteur
AlgPrie,
17
76.
Female - Proboscis dark, a whit.e spot below. Palpus dark, twice the length
of clypeus. Antenna with brown torus ; flagellum one third longer than proboscis.
Occiput with narrow golden scales and yellow forked ones.
Thorax : Integument light brown. Pronot,al lobe with golden setae and brown
scales. Mesonotum with bronzy scales except on a small portion of prescutellar
region where they are golden white ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and supralar setae
developed. Scutellum with golden white scales. Pleura with groups of white scales
on upper portion of sternopleura and mesepimeron which has a single lower seta.
Legs dark, femora, tibiae, femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal joints white. Tarsi
dark or with very narrow white rings on joints.
Fit.
318.
Culex
(CULL)
basistyle
and
virgultusTheobald,
mesosome.
Original.
101.
Jfale
genitalia.
Apical
lobe
of
352
I,
E S
Abdomen with basal bands on tergites, broadest in the middle and with basotriangular spots. Sternites white scaled.
Mule - Palpus surpassing length of proboscis by the t,wo apical segments,
with a narrow ring on joints of segments II and III
while, in II-IV
t,here are
lower spots, V with a basal spot. Proboscis a little longer than femur, dark, a ventral spot of white scales. Antenna densely plumose and nearly as long as proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 318). Basistyle wibh columnar process of apical lobe bearing
three united setae ; upper division with an expanded seta, a leaf and a straight,
narrow stlta. Mcsosomc with upper horn reduced, lateral margins with two or
t hrcbcb(rarely four) largcl, tlcveloped teeth, the upper ones always larger ; lower
horn curved downwards.
P,qa - (fig. 319). Slightly darker on dorsum and first abdominal segment.
Tube nine times apical width, curved and darker on basal two fifths.
Abdomen with hair C. 1 of segment II multiple and small ; hair C multiple
on III-VI,
double on VII and half the length of segment, ; hair B double and longer
t ban segment in IV-VI ; hair A double and short in III-VI,
simple in II and developed and four branrhed in VII-VIII.
Paddle slightly over twice the length of
segment \III,
with two terminal spicules.
lateral
Fig. 319. -
CUI~X (C&X)
virgultus Theobald,
7901.
Pupa.
Originnl.
Larva - (fig. 320). Head broader than long, slightly darkened at base and
on the sides, a blackish and rounded spot before base of antenna, the tufts multiple.
Antenna spiculose on basal two thirds, the tuft dense, the apical third blackish and
slender.
Prot,horacic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a single plate) - 2 1.1.2. Segment
\I11 with the pectcn of many free scales on a triangular patch. Siphon four times
the basal widt,h, the pecten beyond the basal third, with two tufts beyond, a third
triple tuft out of line and finally a small double apical one. Anal segment ringed
by the plate which is slightly broader than long and very finely spiculose on upper
portion of posterior margin ; dorsal setae (2 + 1) ; a single small lateral hair.
Gills four, longer than the anal segment and pointed.
Ilype localit?/ - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro. Type in B. M.
Distrz%ution- From Mexico to Uruguay.
Culex
1908
Culez
1915
Howard,
1928
Dyar,
Dysr
Dyar
Mos.
(Culex)
& Knab,
Proc.
& Knah,
Am.,
pinarocampa
U.
Mon.,
S.Nat.
3
Mus.,
Dyar
Sz;Knab, 1908.
35 : 59.
251.
379.
Female -- Proboscis as long as fort femur, dark. Palpus twice the length
of proboscis. Occiput with dark, erect, scale intermixed with white ones.
Thorax. -. Pronotal lobe with yellow setae. Mesonotum with coppc*~*gscales
and a distinct pattern of white ones. Scutellum with golden scales. Pleura with
Fig.
320.
Culex
(G&x)
virgultus
Theobald,
353
1901.
Larva.
Original.
3.54
CULEX
beyond it and a double one near apes. Anal segment ringed by the plate, spiculose
on posterior upper margin ; dorsal set,ae (1 + 2) : lateral hair simple.
Type localzhy Mexico,
Cordoba. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Mexico.
Culex
1927
Cdex
(Culex)
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
Root,
Am.,
Am.
(Culex)
J. Hyg.,
7 :
lygrus
Root, 1927.
579.
375.
Female - Proboscis dark except a lower spot of white scales beyond joint.
Palpus twice the length of clypeus. Occiput with golden narrow scales, the forked
ones blat kish.
Thorax : Integument light brown. Pronotal lobe with bronzy scales and
set ae. Mesonotum with reddish bronzy scales except on prescutellar region where
there are yellowish ones. Scutellum yellow scaled. Pleura with bronzy scales on
321.
32:;.
Fig.
321.
Culex
(Culex)
lobe of basistylr
pinarorampa
I)?_ar
& Nab,
Original.
ant1 mesosome.
Fig.
323.
Culex
(Culex)
and mesosom?.
lyprus
Root,
Odgillill.
1927.
Jlale
1908.
genitalia.
l\IilIe
geIlitali:l.
Upper
lohe
of
Upper
basihtyle
Culex
1906
Grabham,
Can.
1908
Peryassb,
OS Cul.
1915
Howard,
1918
Dynr,
Ins.
Ins.
1922
Root,
Am.
J.
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
syn.
Theobald,
1901
Dyar
Ent.,
38:
Bras&
& Knab,
Mens.,
Hyg.,
167.
203.
Mon.,
Am.,
Mos.
Sur.,
213.
373.
1906
CuZex Zamentator
1907
Culex
quusisecutor
1907
Culex
toweri
1913
C. toweri
and
281.
396.
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
276
6 : 97.
Dyar
Dyar
& Knab,
Theobald,
& Knab,
lumentutor
J.
Mon.
J.
Howard,
N.
N.
Y.
Cul.,
Y.
Dyar
Ent.
Sot.,
14
219.
4 : 398.
Ent.
SOC.,
& Knab,
15
Mon.,
13.
3
276,
281.
356
CTJLEX
324.
Fig.
324.
Culex
(Culex)
tyle, mesosome
Fig.
327.
Culex
(Culex)
basistyle
and
327.
secutor Theobald,
1901.
Male
and tenth
sternite.
Original.
mollis
Dyar
& Knab,
mesosome.
Original.
1906.
genitalia.
Male
Upper
genitalia.
lobe
Upper
of basis-
lobe
of
357
CULEX
Fig.
325.
Unknown.
(fig. 325).
Culex
(Culex)
secutor
Theobald,
1901.
Larva.
Original.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a single plate) - 2 1.1.2. Body nude.
Lateral comb of segment VIII with many scales in a patch. Siphon nearly seven
times the broadest width, the pecten on basal fourth followed by eight short multiple tufts and a single apical hair. Anal segment with the plate saddle shaped,
spiculose ; dorsal hairs (2 + 1) ; lateral hair short and triple. Gills four, longer
than segment.
Type locality Jamaica
(B. W. I.). Type in B. M.
Distribution - Jamaica : S. Domingo : Porto Rico : Venezuela.
The
Brazilian references are doubtfull.
Culex
1908
Culez
1915
Howard,
1928
Dyar,
Dyar
Dyar
Mos.
(Culex)
& Knab,
Proc.
& Knab,
Am.,
stenolepis
U.
Mon.,
S. Nat.
3 :
Mus.,
36
249.
365.
Female - Proboscis the length of fore femur, dark whitish ventrally. Palpus
twice the length of clypeus. Occiput with dark brown scales intermixed with yellowish ones, on margin and mentum white.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown with yellowish scales. Mesonotum with
blackish brown integument and bronzy scales ; a distinct pattern of golden scales
present. Scutellum yellow scaled. Pleura dark brown ; white scales and setae
on upper mesepimeron, a single mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark. Femora white ventrally and on femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal
joints. Tarsi with broad white rings on joints, last hind tarsal white.
Abdomen : Tergites with narrow basal bands and basolateral white spots.
Mule - Proboscis a little longer than fore femur, dark, a white ring on articu-
358
I,
lation. Palpus longer than proboscis by nearly the last two segments ; II-IV with
apical white narrow rings.
Genitalia : (fig. 326). Columnar process of basistyle wit,h three setae, a and b
hooked, c straight ; upper division with a leaf and a slender seta. Mesosome with
upper horn slender, straight and pointed upwards, below five or six small teeth
and a very large upturned, pointed tooth ; there is a free space between the teeth
and the lower horn which is downcurved. Tenth stcrnite with tufts of sclerotized
and long setae at apex.
Fig.
32F.
Culex
(Culcx)
of bahistyle;
stenolepis
I)yar
tenthstwnitr
Knab,
1908.
Male
Original.
nicsosoniv.
&
and
~erlitali:r.
_\l)icill
lobe
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - Head elliptical, wider than long ; antennae long,
slender, a tuft at the outer third, the part beyond more slender ; head-hairs all
multiple. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of sparsely placed scales in a patch.
Air-tube about four times as long as wide, tapered outwardly ; pecten on the basal
third, followed by five two-haired tufts, the subapical one considerably displaced,
t>he antepenultimate one less but also displaced. Anal segment longer than wide,
ringed by the plate, the ventral brush on posterior half ; dorsal tuft a long hair
and a long and two shorter ones on each side ; a small lateral two-haired tuft.
,4nal gills three times as long as the segment, tapered.
Type locality - Mexico,
Cordoba. Type in I?. S. N. M.
Distribution - Mexico and Costa
Rica.
Culex
(Culex)
Cdex
carmoo?yae mollis
Dyar
1918
Dyar,
Ins.
6 : 97 ;
Ins.
1925
Culex
(Cdez),
1927
Root,
Am.
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
1936
T,ane,
Ins.
&lens.,
mollds Bonne
J. Hyg.,
Am.,
Hyg.
mollis
& Knab,
1906
Proc.
1921 Dyar,
& Bonne-Wepster,
576.
369.
S. Paulo,
Bol.
GO
12.
Dyar
Biol.
id.,
Mos.
&
Knab, 1906.
SOC. Wash.,
28.
SW.,
216.
19
171.
c u
syn.
1907
Culex
hteropunctata
1907
C&es
equivocator
1908
Culex
elocutilis
1915
C. elocutih
1916
C. equivocator
1923
Culex
Theobald,
Dyar
Dyar
and
Dyar,
Zepostenis Dyar,
Mon.
& Knab,
& Knab,
equinocatm
Ins.
CL&
Y.
Smiths.
Misc.
6:
Mens.,
359
458.
Ent.
Dyar
Mens.,
Ins.
I?
J. N.
Howard,
Ins.
Ins.
1,
Sot.,
Coils.
& Knab,
15
Quar.
Mon.,
203.
Iss.,
3
52
67.
247.
97.
11
70.
Femde - Proboscis dark, white scaled vent,rally. Palpus dark, twice the
length of clypeus. Antenna with blackish torus, flagellum longer than proboscis.
Occiput with narrow, golden scales, the forked ones blackish.
Thorax : Integument brown. Pronotal lobe wit,h golden scales and brow-n
setae. Mesonotum with bronzy scales, on the sides they are whitish as well as on
the prescutellar region. Scutellum white scaled. Pleura with a single lower mese-
pimeral.
Legs dark, femora white underneath. Tarsi with very narrow white bands.
Abdomen dark with broad basal white bands on tergites and also basolateral
white spots.
JfaZe - Proboscis dark. Palpus longer than proboscis by half the penultimate
and the last joints which are acuminate and moderately setose ; small infer0 basal
spots of white scales on the apical segments. Antenna strongly plumose, shorter
than proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 327). Apical lobe with columnar process bearing a hooked
seta ; upper division with a seta, a foliaceous seta and a leaf. Mesosome with the
median plate having the upper horn T-shaped, the lateral margin with eight setae
on upper portion and inclined upwards, a longer and thicker seta in the middle,
bent downwards.
Pupa Unknown.
F&L
nz&_-
Culex
1.
(Culex)
mnllis
T)YRI-
--._
l-_
_ __
&
Knab,
1906.
LalWl.
Original.
360
CULEX
Larva - (fig. 328). Head broader than long, the tufts multiple.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.2. Lateral comb
of the eighth segment of many scales in a patch. Siphon more than six times broadest width, the pecten over more than basal third and followed by two double
tufts. Anal segment ringed by the plate and spiculose posteriorly ; dorsal tuft
(1 + 2) ; Gills longer than anal segment and pointed.
Type locality - Trinidad
(B. W. I.). Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Panama : Costa Rica : Guianas : Venezuela : Colombia
and Brasil.
Culex
191.5 Culex
(Culex)
delys Howard,
delys
Dyar
& Knab,
Female - Proboscis dark, slightly longer than fore femur. Palpus twice the
length of clypeus. Antenna with blackish torus ; flagellum one third longer than
proboscis. Occiput with white scales intermixed with dark brown ones.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with dark setae. Mesonotum brown, with narrow
bronzy scales, some white ones on anterior margin and prescutellar depression.
Scutellum with white scales. Pleura with two patches of white scales on sternopleura and one on upper portion of mesepimeron ; a single lower mesepimeral and
five upper setae.
Legs dark, femora white ventrally.
Tips of femora and tibiae white. Tarsi
dark.
Wing dark, a distinct line of white scales at base of first vein, a few white
ones spreading into base of costa and 4th. vein.
Abdomen : Tergites dark, white scales on middle but not forming bands and
having basolateral white spots. Sternites dark at base and white at apex.
Mule, pzLpa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Panama,
C. Z., Tabernilla.
Type in U. S. N. M.
, Distribution - That of type locality.
Culex
1903
Culex
Theobald,
1906
Dyer
& Knab,
1915
Howard,
1918
Dyar,
1925
Bonne
Dyar
Ins
Ins.
(Culex)
Mon.
J.
N.
Cul.,
Y.
& Knab,
Mens.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
janitor
Theobald, 1903.
183.
Ent.
Sot.,
Mm,
14 : 209.
: 258.
6 : 96.
Mos.
Sur.,
215.
Female - Proboscis dark. Palpus three times the length of clypeus. Antenna
with yellowish torus, longer than proboscis. Occiput with brown forked scales.
Thorax : Mesonotum with bronzv scales. Scutellum white scaled.
Legs with very narrow white rings on tarsi,
Abdomen without basal bands, the lateral markings are distinct.
Mule - Proboscis with a white ring beyond the m<ddle. Palpus longer than
proboscis by the length of half the penultimate and the last segments, white ringed
at base. Abdomen with broad basal bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 329). Apical lobe with three rods on columnar process ;
upper division with two setae and a leaf. Mesosome with the upper horn quite
long and surpassing the teeth ; on upper margin there are nine or ten blunt, pointed
teeth, then a free space and finally the lower horn which is short and straight.
Tufts on the tenth sternites of manv nointed elements.
PUBU Unknown.
Laha (fig. 330). Head subquadrate, head hairs multiple but 9 simple.
Antenna short, slender, uniform, the tuft mesial.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 2.22
(in a single9
_3=lL+i--
CULEX
Fig, 329. -
361
C&Z (Culex)
janitor
Theobald, 1903.
Male genitalia.
Basistyle, apical lobe
of basistyle; tenth sternite and several aspects of mesosome. Original.
Abdomen with the scales of segment VIII numerous and in four rows. Siphon
nearly three and a half times the basal width, the pecten on basal third ; five
multiple ventral tufts, the two basal ones within the pecten. Anal segment ringed
by the plat,e ; dorsal setae (1 + 2). Gills four, the upper ones longer, three times
the length of anal segment, pointed at apex.
Fig. 330. -
Culex (Culex)
janitor
Theobald,
1903.
Larva.
Original.
Culex
1868CuZex
Philippi,
1910
Theobald,
1924
Dyar,
Ins.
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
sgn.
1929
Culex
(Culex)
Terh.
Mon.
Ins.
2001. -
Cul.,
LMens.,
Am.,
Philippi,
articularis
bot.
Ges.
Wien.,
15
1865.
: 5M.
400.
12
128.
358.
archegus
Dyar,
Am.
J.
Hyg.,
: 511.
Female - Proboscis dark, a small white spot below. Palpus dark, slightly
longer than clypeus. Antenna longer than proboscis. Occiput with narrow, golden
scales, forked blackish ones intermixed.
Thoras : Integument dark brown, on pleura yellowish.
Mesonotum with
narrow, short, bronzy scales, on the sides and prescutellar region they are whitish.
Pleura with white scales in middle and upper portions of sternopleura and mesepimeron, a lower mesepimeml seta.
Legs dark, femora and tibiae and their apices with white scales. Tarsi dark
except indistinct white spots on hind ones.
Male - Palpus longer than proboscis by length of penultimate and the last
segment. Antenna shorter than proboscis, strongly plumosc. Abdomen with basal
white bands on tergites.
Genitalia : (fig. 331). Columnar process with the two upper setae hooked, the
lower with blunt apex ; upper division with a developed leaf which is striated, on
the sides a straight seta and a hooked one. Mesosome with the upper horn not,
beyond the lateral teeth, apically attenuated, lateral margin with eight upper
teeth, below a smooth space ; lower horn upcurved and in a point.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Chile.
Type ? ? ?.
Distribution - Rest.ricted to the Chilean center.
Culex
1891
Heteronycha
1923
Culex
Arribalzaga,
Dyer,
Ins.
Ins.
1923
Petrocchi,
Rev.
1925
Dyar
parte),
1930
Edwards,
syn.
1903
Culex
1908
C. bilinealus
1916
Culex
1919
C. bonariensis
(pro
(Culex)
Dipt.
Ins.
Rev.
emus. La
Mens.,
Bact.
Pat
bonariensis
150.
10.
Ins.
Mon.
OS Cul.
BrethB,
Dyar,
150.
Chile,
Theobald,
Peryassfi,
Plate,
1891).
374.
& South
bilineutus
B. A.,
Mos.Am.,
(Arribalzaga,
dolosus
An.
Ins.
107.
Cul.,
Bras&
196.
190.
Mus.
Nat..
Mens.,
H.
N.
86.
Fern&e - Proboscis dark (in some specimens with white scales ventrally and
in yet others with a ring). Palpus twice the length of clypeus, dark. Antenna longer
than length of fore femur. Occiput with slender, golden scales, the forked ones
blackish as well as t,he ocular setae.
Thoras : Integument brown. Pronotal lobe with golden scales and blackish
setac. Mesonotum with bronay scales except for a round spot on each side, in front,
of wing roots and prescutellar region where they are yellowish. Scutellum with
yellowish scales. Pleure~with white scales, a single lower msepimeral.
Legs dark except the femora internally and the mid and fore tibiae which
are covered with white scales. Tarsi with small rings on joints (in some specimens
they are very narrow).
14bdomen blackish ; tergites with broad basal white bands.
c u
363
Uale - Ialpus longer than proboscis by nearly the length of the tw-o last
segments, with a median ring of white scales. Abdomen w&h broader abdominal
bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 332). Apical lobe with the columnar process bearing three
setae, the median hooked ; upper division with a long seta, a foliaceous one and
a leaf. Mesosome with the upper horn long, slender and surpassing the lateral
t.eeth of this structure which are eight to ten and of moderate size, lower horn
curved.
332.
Fig.
331. -
Fig.
332. -
Culcx
(Culex)
articularis
(Culex)
l)nsistylr
Philipjhi,
Original.
1865.
Male
genitalia.
dolosus
and mehosome.
Pz~pu (fig. 333). Tube variable in lcnght, blackish at base and nearly
reaching the middle. Cephalothoracic hairs simple or multiple.
Abdomen with hair A of segment II nearly the length of segment, in III-11
short,, simple, in V-VI double and in VII-VIII
mult,iple ; hair B double and as
long as segment in II-III,
in IV it is simple ,and more than twice the length of
segment ; hair C multiple in II and III, simple in IV, triple in V, double in VI and
always longer than length of segments. Paddle three times length of segment VIIT.
364
Fig.
333.
G&x
(C&x)
dorsal,
Arribalzaga,
dolosus
1891.
Pupa.
Abdominal
segments,
Original.
Larva - (fig. 334). Head broader than long, with darker areas ; hair 4 simple,
the other hairs multiple.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate), l/2 1.1.2. Segment VIII
with the pecten in a triangular patch. Siphon five or six
times the basal width. Anal segment ringed by the plate, spiculose, dorsal setae
(1 + 2) ; lateral hair small and double.
Type locality Argentina,
Buenos Aires. Type in M. L. P.
Argentina
: Chile : Uruguay
Disttibulion and Southern Brad.
Fig.
334.
Culex
(Culex)
Culex
Arribalzaga,
dolosus
(Culex)
1891.
carcinoxenus
Larva.
Original.
Castro, 1932.
: 98.
Female Characters from Castro (1932) : whitish. Palpus dark, twice the length of clypeus.
int,ermixed with light and blackish forked ones.
365
Thorax : Pronotal lobe wjth golden scales and setae. Mesonotum brown, with
bronay scales except a pattern formed by golden scales on the sides, along the
middle and extending to the prescutellar region. Scutellum golden scaled. Pleura
with a patch of white scales on sternopleura.
Legs dark, femora internally and apex of femora and tibiae whitish. Tarsi
dark.
Abdomen dark : tergite with indistinct white basal bands.
Male - Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of last segment, dark.
Genitalia : (fig. 335). Apical lobe with columnar process bearing two hooked
setae, a shorter pointed one below them ; upper division with a foliaceous seta
and a broad leaf. Mesosome with the upper horn shorter than the setae, these
setae six in number ; lower horn with pointed apex, at right angles with the mid
plate.
335.
336.
Fig.
335.
Culex
(Culex)
carcinoxcnus
tyle and mesosome.
Fig.
336.
Head
and terminal
Larva.
Rev.
Ent.
2: figs. 2, 3, 4
Castro,
1932.
abdominal
and 7).
Nale
segments.
genitalia.
(Based
Basistyle,
on
Castro,
distis-
1932,
Abdomen with scales of segment VIII in a patch, free. Siphon four and a
half times the greatest width, pecten on basal third ; four tufts with two to four
branches, the two median ones out of line. Anal segment ringed by the plate,
slightly longer than broad ; dorsal tuft of two long setae ; lateral seta small ;
ventral brush with twelve tufts. Gills four, subequal.
Tipe locality - Brasil,
State of S. Paulo, Berti6ga. Types in the Instituto
Biol6gico de SBo Paulo.
Distribution That of t,ypc locality.
IVote - Only the tvpcs are known. Aquatic stages arc passed in the water
held by crab-holes.
Culex
(Culex)
mauesensis
Lane, 1945.
337.
338.
Fig.
337. -
Culcx (Culex)
mauescnsis
Fig.
338. -
C&x
inflictus
(Culer)
Lane,
Tileohitld,
1913.
1901.
X:Llc gcanilillin.
l\lak
grllitali:i.
0riF;innl.
Original.
Genitalia : (fig. 337). Columnar process with two hooked and a lower, smaller
pointed seta ; upped division a slender seta, a foliaceous one and a broad, striated
leaf. Mesosome with two series of teeth on mid plate, the first of four large ones
turned downwards, the second of six or seven smaller and pointed teeth : upper
horn reduced, the lower one turned downwards.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Brasil,
State of ilmazonas, Mau&
Distribution - That of type locality.
Culex
Theobald,
(Culex)
Culex
Howard,
1921
Bonne-Wepster
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
syn.
1901
Culex
schoZastzkus Theobald,
1906
Culex
extricafor
1915
C. scholasticus
1918
C. extricator
Dyar
& Bonne,
Am.,
id.,
Culex
Theobald, 1901.
inflictus
115.
Mon.,
Ins.
Ins.
Mos.
Type in F.H.
406.
Mens.,
9 :
19.
233.
Sur.,
390.
Dyar
and
Dyar,
9
Mon.
& Knab,
erfricator
Ins.
Ins.
Ins.
Ins.
J.
Cul.,
N.
I.
Howard,
Dyar
hIens.,
120.
Ent.
SOL,
14
& Knab,
100
1921
211.
&Ion.,
32.X
C. scholasticus
Bonne-Wepster
&
18.
1916
Cul.,
& Knab,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Bonne,
1919
Mon.
1901
1915
and Paruari.
hIens.,
86
1921 Dyar,
id.,
: 148;
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
378.
lynchi
Brethbs
(male
only),
An.
Mus.
Nat.
B. A.,
28
24, 214.
FemaZe - Proboscis blackish, whitish vcnt,rally. Palpus one and a half times
length of clypeus, dark scaled. Occiput with erect forked blackish scales, white
ones on ocular margin and mentum.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with brown scales and setac. hlesonotum brown,
covered with bronzy scales ; dorsocentral and acrostichal setae developed, supralars
dark brown. Scutellum with whitish scales. Pleura with two patches of white
scales on sternopleura ; a single lower mesepimeral set,a.
Legs dark, femora white ventrally, femora and tibiae white at apex. Tarsi
dark.
Abdomen with tergites dark except basolateral spots.
Xale - Coloration of the female. Palpus exceeding proboscis by last joint
and half penultimate one, very small apical rings on segments. Proboscis dark.
Antenna moderately plumose.
Genit,alia : (fig. 338). Columnar process with three long, slender, pointed
rods ; upper division formed by a broad, large, hyaline leaf and a foliaceous seta.
Mesosome with seven teeth from lateral margin to upper portion. Ttnth sternitc
with an average number of teeth.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - Head rounded, slightly wider than long ; antennae
long, a tuft at outer third, the part beyond more slender, basal part, spined : head
hairs, upper in four, lower in three, ant,eantennal tuft multiple.
Lateral comb of
the eighth segment of many narrow scales in a patch. Air-tube about six times as
long as wide, slightly fusiform ; pecten on less than the basal third, followed by
three, three - and two-haired
tufts, the middle one moved slightly lateral out of
line. Anal segment slightly longer than wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush
posterior ; dorsal tuft a long hair and a long and a short hair on each side ; lateral
Anal gills as long as the segment, ra.ther wide and bluntly
hair single, small.
rounded.
Type locality - Grenada
(U. W. I.). Type in B. M.
D;strihution - Central
America
: Venezuela.
368
CULEX
Culex
1936
Culez
(Microculex)
(Culex)
abnormalis
Lane, 1936.
189.
Female - Proboscis dark, a small ventral white spot. Palpus short, dark,
twice the length of clypeus. Occiput with narrow white scales, forked ones yellowish.
Thorax : Integument dark brown. Pronotal lobe with yellow scales and
blackish and yellowish setae. Mesonotum with bronzy scales and a lateral pattern
of white scales on sides and two median spots united to the lateral lines and the
prescutellar depression (in a female from Goiae these lines do not exist) ; prescutellar depression with bronzy scales and a bare line ; acrostichal and dorsocentral
setae developed. Scutellum with whitish scales. Pleura with dark integument,
with lighter areas ; sternopleura and mesepimeron with white scales on upper portion ; a single lower mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark except mid and hind femora which are internally whitish and also
tibio tarsal hind joint. Tarsi dark.
Abdomen with dark tergites and basolateral white spots.
Male - Proboscis blackish with a distal white ring. Palpus dark above, below
with a variable marking of white scales. Antenna strongly plumose.
\
\
Fig.
339. -
Culex (Culex)
Fig.
340. -
Alale genitalia.
abnormalis
Upper
Lane,
1936.
51ale genitalia.
Original.
Genitalia : (fig. 339 and 340). Apical lobe with three setae on columnar
process, the upper ones hooked, the lower seta smaller and straight ; upper division
with a leaf above which there are two narrow curved setae and, on the side of these,
two longer straight setae. 1Mesosome with upper horn curved upwards, short, the
lower one t,humb-shaped, between the horns there are ten t,o fifteen pointed and
united teeth. Tenth s,ternites weakly sclerotized and with a few spicules.
Pupa Unkndwn.
Larva (fig. 341). Head broader than long ; the tufts multiple. Antenna
spiculose on basal two-thirds, the apical one lighter colored.
-s
Fig. 341. -
C&.X
(Culex)
abnormalis
369
--__
Lane, 1936.
---a-__
Larva.
Original.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a single plate) - 2 - 1.1.2.
Siphon with more than eight times the basal width, the pecten at basal third and
with four double or triple tufts. Segment VIII
with the scales in a triangular
patch. Anal segment ringed by the plate which is longer than wide ; dorsal tuft
(3 + 1) ; lateral tuft small and double.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Mato Grosso, Ponce. Type in F. H.
Distribution - Brad,
States of Mato Gross0 and Goiaz.
Culex
1904
1905
1907
1928
(Culex)
spinosus
Lutz, 1905.
of II-III
and III-IV
and with large lower white spots on middle of III nearly all
the IV and base of V. Antenna plumose. Abdomen with basolateral spots forming
stripes from segments II-VI.
Genitalia : (fig. 342). Apical lobe with three united setae on columnar process ; upper division with a more slender seta which is hooked and inserted on
one side of the leaf which is large and striated, there is yet another seta which
is straight on the other side. Mid plate of mesosome similar to C. dolosus but the
upper teeth closer together, the lower horn strongly curved and with a protuberance
at angle, between the teeth and lower process there ia a small free space. ~
Pupa - (fig. 343). Slightly darker on dorsum and middle of first six abdominal segments. Tube curved, thicker on basal half, slightly expanded at apex, the
basal half blackish. Cephalothoracic setae a single multiple and developed tuft.
Fig.
342. -
Culex
(Cnfex)
spinosus
343. -
Pupa.
Abdominal
segments, dorsal.
genitalia.
Original.
Upper
division
of basis-
IT
371
Abdomen with hair C. 1 developed on segment II and nearly as long as segment ; C nearly a third the length of segment ; on III-V this seta is double and
little more than half the length of segment, while in VI it is nearly as long as segment. ; hair B nearly twice the length of segment and double, in V-VI ; on segment
triple and
VII it is nearly as long as segment ; hair A simple or double in II-VI,
long in VII and multiple and long in VIII.
Paddle slightly more than twice the
length of segment VIII and with an apical spicule.
Larva (fig. 344). Head rounded, slightly broader than long. Antenna
slightly attenuated beyond middle where it is darker. Head-hairs multiple.
Fig.
344.
Culex
(Cdex)
Lutz,
spinosus
1905.
LLnrva.
Original.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) - 1 - l-l-4.
Siphon from four and a half to six times the basal width, pecten on basal third
a numerous patch
and with four triple tufts beyond it. Pcctcn of segment, VIII
of free scales. Anal segment ringed by the plate which is strongly spiculose on
whole surface, the spicules strongly developed. Dorsal setae (3 + 1) ; two very
small lateral hairs ; ventral brush dense ; gills four, apparentlv more than twice
the length of :egment and ending in a sharp point.
7gpe locality- Brad,
State of S. Paula. Type in I. 0. cf. ?
nistribz~tiolz - Brasil,
States of S. Paula, Rio de Janeiro, Jlinas Gerais.
Culex
1907
Culex
1915
Howard,
Dyar,
Dyar
Proc.
(Culex)
U.
S. Nat.
& Knab,
Mon.,
stigmatosoma
Mm.,
32
236.
123.
Dyar,
1907.
372
1917
Dyar
& Knah,
Ins.
1922
Dyar,
Proc.
U.
S. Nat.
Ins.
Mos.
Am.,
IMens.,
Mus.,
1928
Dyar,
1935
Martini,
syn.
190s
C&x
1915
C. eumimetes
Howard,
1918
C. eumimetes
Dyar,
1921
Culex
1922
C. thriambus
Dep.
52 :
TJ
174.
23.
368.
Sal.
Pub.,
eumimetes
thriambus
Mos.
Dyar
Dyar
Ins.
Dyar,
Dyar,
Mexico,
& Knab,
Proc.
U.
& Knah.
Ins.
Ins.
58.
Proc.
Mens.,
Ins.
U.
5.
Mus.,
238.
22.
35
61.
6 : 96.
Mens.,
Nat.
S. Nat.
Mon.,
9
Mus.,
33.
52
Female - Proboscis blackish, slightly longer than fore femur, with a broad
white ring beyond the middle. Palpus twice the length of proboscis, dark, a few
white scales at apex. Occiput with narrow, whitish and golden scales mixed with
blackish, forked ones ; vertex with golden setae, marginal ones dark brown.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with gzdden scales and brown setae. Mesonotum with
brown integument and bronay scales ; in the middle and prescutellar depression
with patches of white scales which do not form a pattern. Scutellum white scaled.
Pleura with narrow dark scales on posterior pronotum ; broad white ones on sternopleura and mesepimeron ; a single mesepimeral seta.
Legs dark ; femora and tibiae whitish internally also on femoro tibia1 and
tibia tarsal joints. Tarsi with broad white rings, larger on hind pair.
Abdomen dark, with basal white bands.
AfaZe - Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur. Palpus exceeding proboscis
by the last two segment.s. Antenna strongly plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 345). Columnar process with three setae, the first, short,
blunt, the others hooked ; upper division formed by a slender seta, a leaf and
another slender seta slightly longer. Mesosome with mid plate bearing three
teeth curved outwards and an upper process with five small teeth.
345.
Fig.
345.
Culex
(Culex)
Fig.
346.
Larva.
Head
Mos. Am., fig.
346.
stigmatosoma
and terminal
328).
Dyar,
1907.
abdominal
Male
segments.
genitalia.
(Based
Original.
on
Dyar,
1928,
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - (fig. 346). Head elliptical, wider than long, bulging at the sides ; antennae long, a tuft at outer third, the part beyond m3re slender,
base spinulated ; head hairs all multiple. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of
rather a few scales in a patch. Air-tube four times as long as wide, a little tapered
outwardly, pecten on the basal third ; four larg-3 tufts posteriorly, the basal one
within pecten and a double lateral tuft, situated below and within the last tuft.
Anal segment about as long as wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush on posterior
373
CULEX
half ; dorsal tuft a long hair and a long and a shorter one on each side ; a small
triple lateral hair. Anal gills as long as the segment, broad.
Type ZocaZilyU. S.A.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution U. S. A. : Mexico : Guatemala
: Costa Rica : Venezuela.
Culex
1906
Culex
Dyar
1915
Howard,
1918
Dyar,
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
syn.
Dyar
Ins.
(Culex)
& Knah,
Ins.
J.
& Knab,
Mens.,
Am.,
Y.
Mon.,
Ent.
3
Sot.,
14 :
209.
317.
6 : 98.
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
interrogator
N.
Mos.
Sur.,
220.
377.
1908
CuZez reflector
1915
C. reflector
Dyar
Howard,
& Knab,
Dyar
Smiths.
& Knab,
Misc.
Mon.,
Coils.,
3
Quar.
Iss.,
52
256.
419.
3
347.
348.
Fig.
347.
G&X
Fig.
348.
Larva.
(G&X)
Head
interrogator
Dyar
and
terminal
&
Knab,
abdominal
1906.
segments.
Male
genitalia.
Original.
Original.
large basal excavation, the lobe at the outer fourth, bearing three rods, a filament
(rarely two filaments), a leaf, and a seta. Clasper curved, flattened on outer half,
with appendiculate subapical spines. Tenth sternites with long curved basal arm,
the tip tufted with fine spines. Ninth tergites represented by rows of setae. Mesosomal plate thick, truncate, without projecting arms, the surface half smooth, half
374
L- L
F,
with fine denticles ; a long tooth arising from the middle, exceeding the margin
of the plate.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 348). Head wider than long the tufts long and multiple, hair
8 small, triple, 9 small and multiple. Antenna spiculose on basal two thirds up to
tuft, the apical third slender, nude.
I3ody nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) - 2 - 1.1. ?
- 2. Lateral comb of segment VIII of many scales in several rows. Siphon more
than four times the basal width, the pecten nearly reaching apex, the scales larger
distally, two mesial tufts formed by three branches, a smaller double tuft apically.
Anal segment with plate spiculose and well down the sides ; dorsal tuft (1 + 2) ;
lateral hair long, single. Gills one and a half times the length of segment, pointed.
Type locality - Rlexico.
Type in U. S. N. RI.
Distribution U. S. A., Texas : Mexico:
Panama.
CL&X
1903
Culex
Theobald,
1908
Peryassfi,
1915
Howard,
1916
Dyar
1922
Dyar,
OS Cul.
Dyar
(Culex)
Mon.
Cd.,
Bras&
Mon.,
& Knab,
Ins.
Mens.,
Proc.
S. Nat.
Ins.
Mus.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
5
62
: 240.
: 174 ;
: 23.
1925
Bonne
Root,
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
syn.
1906
Culex
1906
Culex basilicus
and
1906
Culex
hassardi
Grabham,
1907
Culex
subfuscus
1908
Culex
1919
Culez
Zeucoteluv hlac
1939
Cukx
rigidus
1946
CuZex pseudojanthinosoma
J. Hyg.,
Am.,
iVos.
1927
Am.
1903.
173.
42.
& Knab,
U.
Theobald,
corniger
Sur.,
1918
Dyar,
id.,
6 : 96.
212.
576.
367.
Zackztor Dyar
Knab,
J.
N.
Y.
C. Zactator Dyar
Theobald,
Can.
Cormack,
Senevet
Ent.,
hlon.
Ent.
& Knab,
:
4 :
38
Cul.,
& h-nab,
Pan.
& Abonnenc,
Senevet
1-I :
Proc.
209.
Biol.
Sot.
Wash.,
19
lG9,
170.
167.
403.
Smiths.
Hlth.
Ar.
Sot.,
Ins.
hlisc.
Depth.
Pasteur
& Abonnenc,
Colls.,
Dept.,
Ar.
Algerie,
Ins.
Qu-?r.
1918,
17
Pasteur
Iss.,
52 : 234.
29.
68.
BlgCrie,
24
139
375
CULEX
349.
360.
Fig.
349.
CU~CX (CU~X)
eorl~ger
Fig.
350.
Larva.
and
ITcad
Theobald,
tcrmind
1903.
abdominal
3Iale
segments.
genitalia.
Original.
Original.
L~w.x - (fig. 350). I-lead broader than long, the tufts with three to five elements.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. (in a single plate) - 415 1.1.3/4. Pecten
of segment VIII
with a triangular patch of scales. Siphon slightlv more than
twice the greatest width, the pecten nearly reaching the middle, two tufts in the
middle, and on the sides a buft below pecten and yet another beyond it,. Anal segment longer than wide ; dorsal setae (1 + 1) ; a single lateral seta. Gills four, the
upper ones longer than the lower.
Type locality Brasil,
Par&. Type in B. 11.
DisfriDufion
From Mexico to Uruguay.
Culex
1921
Culex
Dyar,
1925
Bonne
1927
Root,
Am.
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
Ins.
Ins.
& Bonne-Wepster,
J. Hyg.,
Am.,
(Culex)
Mens.,
7:
Mos.
chidestri
Dyer,
1921.
117.
SW.,
240.
578.
365.
Female - Proboscis dark except for an extensive lower spot of white scales.
Palpus dark, twice the length of proboscis. Antenna a little longer than proboscis.
Occiput with narrow white scales.
Thorax : Integument dark brown. Pronotal lobe with brown setae and golden
scales. Mesonotum with bronzy scales, on the sides and prescutellar region the.
are golden. Scutellum golden scaled. Pleura with two lower mesepimeral setae.
Legs with very small rings on joints of tarsi.
Abdomen wit,h broad basal bands on tergites.
*W/ale - Proboscis with a median white ring. Palpus exceeding proboscis by
nearly the length of the last two segments. Antenna strongly plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 351). Apical lobe with three pointed setae on the columnar
process ; upper division with a leaf, below it a long seta and above it a slightly
shorter one. Mesosome with numerous small teeth on external margin and a subapical developed tooth.
376
CULEX
Pupa - (fig. 352). Darker dorsally and on first three abdominal segments.
Tube eight and a half times the basal width. Cephalothoracic setae with a triple
and a quadruple long setae, the other ones small.
Abdomen with hair A of segment II longer than segment ; B on IV-VI triple,
double and double and longer than length of segment ; VII with hairs A, B, C and
C. 1 simple, double or even triple and developed. Hair A of VIII
multiple and
long. Paddle three times the length of segment VIII with minute spicules at apex.
351.
Fig. 351. -
Fig. 352. -
Pupa.
Abdominal
segments, dorsal.
Male
genitalia.
Upper
division
of
Original.
Larva - (fig. 353). Head : Antenna spiculose on basal two thirds, smooth
and darker on distal third, the tuft dense and at end of spiculose portion. Head
broader than long, the tufts multiple and feathered.
Body spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1 (in a single plate) 1 1.1.3. Pecten of segment VIII formed by a patch of forty free scales. Siphon sli-
CTJLEX
ghtly more than six times the basal width, attenuated uniformly towards apex ;
pecten slightly below t,he basal third, the two last scales detached, with eight
tufts in line, the basal one within the pecten. Anal segment ringed by the plate
which is spiculose in all its surface ; dorsal tuft (3 + 1) ; lateral tuft a small double
seta ; ventral brush dense.
Type totality - Bolivia, Rosario. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Panama:
Bolivia : Venezuela : Brad,
States of Amazonas, Par& and S. Paulo.
Fig.
353.
Culex
(Culex)
Culex
1906
Culex
Dyar
1915
Howard,
1918
Dyar,
Ins.
1928
Dyar,
MOB. Am.,
(Culex)
& Knab,
Dyar
J.
& Knab,
Ins.
chidestri
Mens.,
N.
1921.
Ent.
Mon.,
3 :
Sot.,
Larva.
Original.
derivator
Y.
6 :
Dyar,
14
1906.
216.
290.
100.
393.
C u
378
1, E x
Lama Head rounded quadrate, wider than long, bulging at the sides ;
antennae large, a tuft at the outer third, the part beyond slender, basal part spined ;
head-hairs in twos, anteantennal tuft multiple. Lateral comb of the eighth segment
of many narrow spines in a patch. Air-tube long and slender, ten times as long as
wide, the tip scarcely flared, pecten sparse and open, on the basal fourth, followed
by four delicate tufts along the posterior line. _4nal segment rather longer than
wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush on posterior half : dorsal tuft a long hair
and three moderate hairs on each side ; a single small lateral hair. ,4nal gills longer
than the segment, tapered.
Type locality - Mexico,
C6rdoba. Type ??
Distribution Mexico : Costa
Rica.
S. Paulo, 12th. March 1051.
Key
for
the
males
of
the
suhgenera
AEDINUS,
TINOLESTES
and
MELANOCONION.
.IEDINITS.
TINOLESTES.
c t-
379
MELANOCONION.
13. Tarsi, chiefly the hind ones, with large rings on join@ the fifth
segment completely white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II.
Tarsi dark, the rings, when present, very discreet and indistinct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...15.
14. Ninth tergite elongate and more than t,hree times basal width
(aquatic stages passed in crab-holes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . opisthopus
Ninth tergite rounded, nearly as broad as long . . . . . . . taeniopus
15. Mesonotum without darker spots on the integument . . . . . . .18.
Mesonotum with blackish int,egumental spots beyond root of
wing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..IG.
16. Abdomen with blackish tergites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17.
Abdomen with white spots on base of tergites ; black spot of
mesonotum without a distinct whitish margin . . . nigrimacula
17. Tibiae and tarsi dark ; mesonotal integument blackish ; posterior portion of occiput with black scales . . . . . . . . . ocellatus
Tibiae and tarsi whitish on under portion, chiefly on mid-pair ;
mesonotum with light brown integument ; yellowish forked
scales on posterior portion of occiput. . Culcz (Microculcx) stonei
18. Mesonotum with the anterior two thirds with golden scales and
including or not a dark spot, the posterior thircl mostly black
scaled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..lg.
Mesonotum with bronzy or coppery scales, in a few species with
golden or whitish scales but not forming the above two colored
pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...20.
380
CULEX
CULEX
381
.33.
32. Mesosome with small projections .......................
Mesosome with a long projection, as long as body of same . . rooti
33. With three long spatulate setae below the columnar process
innovator
...............................................
With a single spatulate seta inserted within columnar process
unicornis
...............................................
34. A leaf present between upper division and the apes of basistyle...............................................35.
.42.
............................
Without such a leaf ......
.36.
35. Columnar process with setae a and b parallel ..............
This process with setae a and b divergent and crooked . . fZabeZZifer
.38.
36. Apical lobe with more than seven elements ................
.37.
This lobe with only five elements ........................
37. Dististyle bent in the middle and densely setose on its upper
venezuelensis
margin .....................................
Dististyle not bent and with short setae on its upper margin...............................................aiken
i
38. Mesosome smooth on the lateral margin ..................
Mesosome spiculose on the lateral margin ..............
.39.
dunni
39. Upper division with one or t,wo setae inserted before apex ... .40.
Upper division with the setae inserted at same level as the large
2eteki
leaf .............................................
.41.
40. Without a secondary row of small leaves on basistyle .......
With such a row of small leaves placed basad and laterad to the
atratus
columnar process .................................
41. Columnar process with a hooked set,a ; the detached leaf large
jubifer
and expanded ; ninth tergite thumblike ..............
Columnar process with the setae straight ; the detached seta small
commeuynensis
and narrow ................................
.45.
...............
Columnar
process
with
setae
a
and
b
only
42.
-43.
This process with additional elements ...................
43. A leaf and a small seta inserted just before setae a and b. .... .44.
An additional long seta inserted below setae a and b . . brevicolus
44. Upper division with the second upper branch slender, tlhe setae
paracrybda
shorter than the length of respective branch ......
Upper division with the second upper branch thick, the setae loncrybda
ger than the length of respective branch .............
45. Ninth tergite with a slender fingerlike protuberance on the inner,
46.
upper margin .......................................
Ninth tergite differently shaped ; an outer elongation may,
.47.
however, be present on the upper margin ..............
amitis
46. Ninth tergite with more than ten short set,ae .........
7imacijer
Ninth tergite with about five long setae ............
.48.
47. Sinth tergite variously shaped but not thumblike .........
opisthopus
Nnth tergite thumblike .........................
48. Upper margin of mesosome serrate on whole surface ; the arms
lateral...............................................49.
..59.
Not so ..............................................
.50.
49. SerraCon reduced to four or five coarse teeth ..............
Serration formed by many minute teet)h ; setae a and h diver..~l.
gent ..............................................
euansae
50. Upper division with a large leaf .....................
batesi
Without such a leaf on upper division ................
.52.
51. Each side of mesosome wit.h an arm ......................
..~6.
xot so ..............................................
52. Upper division with the elements ending in, a large triangular
..53.
leaf ...............................................
.55.
This division without such a leaf ........................
.54.
53. Xnth tergite elongate .................................
pEectoporpe
Ninth tergite rounded ............................
54. Ninth t.ergite nude at base which projects downwards . . phlogistus
inhibitator
Ninth tergite ovate ..............................
Oedipus
55. Ninth tergite sparsely setose .........................
albinensis *
Ninth tergite densely setose .....................
.57.
56. With seven or eight clemente on upper division ............
madininensis
With only three element,s on upper division ........
.58.
57. Without a leaf inserted in t,he middle of upper division .....
With such a leaf ; a single arm on one side of mesosome.......
elevator
.................................................
58. Lateral margin of mesosome with two points, one of them dilucifugus
vided .........................................
Without such a combination of characters on mesosome .......
terebor *
................................................
59. Mesosome with two to four teeth on upper point or arm .... .c>O.
..62.
n-ot so ..............................................
.61.
GO. Without a, large leaf on the upper division ................
corentynensis
With such a leaf at the base of upper rlivision ......
educator
61. JIesosome with three arms ........................
iolambdis
Nesosome with two arms .........................
62. Upper division with a large leaf which is longer than the other
--* 11~have not been able to see the w-ration on upper margin of mesosome in
albinensis and tereDor_ Itoxeboom and Kemp illustrate the mesosomc of these
two specks as serrate on upper margin. L-ntil further studies can be made
we have found it advisable to key both species.
c u L
s
_________
383
_
384
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
dyius
Mesosome with a single arm ........................
.80.
Arms of mesosome projecting from the sides ...............
terebor
Not so, both arms prcjectings upwards .................
albinensis
One arm on each side of mesosome ................
conspirator
Roth arms on one side of the mesosome ...........
.82.
Upper division without a leaf ..........................
.84.
This division with a leaf ..............................
.83.
Ninth tergite rounded .................................
Ninth tergite elongate and more than twice the basal width
maxinocca
..L ................................
...........
andricus
Upper division with seven elements ................
quadrifo2iatus
This division with six elements .................
.85.
Ninth tergite rounded .................................
.86.
Ninth tergite shaped otherwise .........................
comminutor
85. Ninth tergite with a lateral point .................
sursumptor
Ninth tergite longer than broad ...................
86. Columnar process with spiculosity at base ; arms not widely
eastor
divergent .........................................
Columnar process without such spiculosity, the arms widely
intrincatus
divergent .....................................
We have not included the following species in the key : - Zuteopleurus because it is only known in the female ; alcocci, carcinophilus,
nicceriensis, phlabistus and saramaccenszsbecause essential characters
were not seen in the types which we examined or descriptions were
defficient .
We have not included the Nearctic species abominator, anips,
mulrennani and peccator.
Keys for females, pupae and adults are not included because this
subgenus is, hitherto, known mostly by the male genitalia and the
immature stages or females are known in comparatively few forms.
We believe that the taxonomy of the subgenus Melanoconion is quite
insufficient for a reliable separation of species and that too much stress
is given to certain genitalic characters such as the number and shape
of the setae on the apical lobe of basistyle. Some of the characters
used are also of a definitely secondary value.
After we had finished the final copy of this manuscript, a paper
by Komp & Rozeboom (1951, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 53 (3) : 121-137)
was received. In it these authors describe the following species of
Culex (Melanoconion) as new : - f oliafer, lacertosus, mistura, wepsteri,
jocasta, kummi, galindoi and confundior.
The subgenus Aedinus besides short palpus on adults of both
sexes, has characters of subgeneric importance in the male genitalia.
The same does not ha.ppen with the subgenera Melanoconion and
Tinolestes because the only characters for their separation are the
1905
dedinus
1919
Fubonnea
Lutz,
Subgenus A4EDINUS
type A.
Med.,
13 : 103 -
Lutz, 1905.
amuzonensis
Imp.
Dyar,
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
7 :
150 -
type
Lutz.
C. tapena
Dyar.
Characters
: - Roth sexes with palpus about one fifth the length
of proboscis. Proboscis as long as fore femur. Vertex with narrow
scales mixed with erect forked ones. Pleura without setae on mesepimeron. Wing with broad scales. Male genitalia with a very elongate
lobe on basistyle, inserted in the middle and without or bearing setae
c1and b. Tenth sternite having a row of teeth at apex.
Pupa and larva - Unknown.
Culex
1904
Aedinus
1905
Lutz,
1908
Peryass6,
OS Cul.
1910
Theobald,
Mon.
1923
Culex
1925 Bonne
syn.
(Aedinus)
amazonensis
Imp.
Med.,
(Aedinus)
13
Lutz
Dynr,
& Bonne-Wepster,
1919
CzAex fapena
1923
Culex
and
hildebrandi
nom.
nud.),
Mos.
Brasil,
1905).
46.
103.
Brasil,
Cul.,
(Lutz,
amazonensis
(in Bourroul,
253.
Ins.
487.
Ins.
Mos.
Mew.,
Sur.,
11
190.
279.
An.
Trop.
Med.
Dyar,
$
Ins.
Par.,
Ins.
17
Mew.,
377.
7 :
150
and
10:
130.
Fig.
354.
Culex
(Aedinus)
Original.
amazoncmis
(Lutz,
1904).
Wing.
Showing
broad
scaling.
Genitalia : (fig. 355). Basistyle ovate, less than twice greatest width ; columnar process very long and ending in a point which is spiculose at apex ; beyond
the lobe there are three or four broad flattened setae in an irregular row and about
the same number of rounded, slender setae. Dististyle slender, slightly curved,
with a subapical thickening and ending in a point. Claw subterminal, long and
pointed. Mesosome as in fig. 355. Tenth sternite with nine long teeth on pecten.
Xnth tergite with the median space even, the lobes strongly and finely pilose on top.
Pupa and Zurva Unknown.
Type locality Brad,
State of Amazonas, Manaus. Type in I. 0. C.
Distribution Brad,
States of S. Paul0 and Amazonas : Venezuela
:
Colombia
Surinam.
Culex
1927
Culex
(Aedinus)
1928
Dear,Mos.
Am.,
(Aedinus)
accelerans
Root,
Am.
accelerans
J. Hyg.,
Root, 1927.
581.
285.
357
355
356.
Fig.
355.
Culer
(Aedinus)
amazonensis
Fiq.
356.
Culex
(Aedinus)
aecelerans
Subgenus
Tinolestes
Coquillett,
Proc.
Ent.
1905
Micruedes
Coquillett,
ibd.,
1906
IsostomZ/ia
Coquillett,
U. S. Dept.
1923
Root,
Sot.
Male
1927.
type
Apr.,
185 -
bisulatus
Bul.
genitalia.
genitalia.
Coquillett,
Wash.,
185 -
Male
1905).
TINOLESTES
1905
(as perturbans
(Lutz,
Ent.,
type
Original.
Original.
1905
latisquamu
Coq.
Coq.
Tech.
Ser.,
11
16, 24 -
type
conservator
Williston).
Anoediporpa
Dyar,
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
11
190 -
type
conservator
D.
& K.
Characters
Both sexes have short palpi from about haJf to
one fifth the length of proboscis. The male genitalia have the same
characters as those found in Melanoconion.
Lawn The eighth segment has free scales in several rows.
Aquatic stages are passed in natural containers such as tree holes, water
found in the axils of leaves of bromeliaceae and internodes of bamboo.
Culex
1906
(Tinolestes)
TinoEestes Coquillett,
Proc.
1906 Dyar
& Knab,
J.
1915
Culez
Howard,
Dyar
N.
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
1935
Komp,
1950
Rozeboom
Y.
Am.,
Proc.
Ent.
& Knab,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Ent.
Mos.
Soo.,
Wash.,
14
: 22.
: 303.
Mon.,
Sur.,
278.
336.
Ent.
& Komp,
Sot.
An.
Wash.,
Ent.
(Coquillett,
latisquama
Sot.
37
Sot.
8.
Am.,
43 :
92.
185.
1906).
388
_
--_____
C
--__-
1,
X
__-_._
__
.__
Female - Proboscis one sixth the length of fore femur, slightly thickened
at apex, blackish. Palpus one seventh the length of proboscis. Occiput with narrow
blackish scales with white reflection.
Thorax with dark brown integument. Pronotal lobe with dark brown setae.
Mesonotum coppery scaled and bearing long dorsocentral and supralar set,ac.
Scutellum the color of mcsonotum. Pleura with the setae short.
Legs dark, femora white ventrally.
Wing with broad scales on veins 2, 3 and 4.
Abdomen : Tergites black with small basolateral white spots. Sternites
whittih with apical blackish marks.
Male - Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus half as long
as proboscis. Antenna as long as proboscis and sparsely plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 357). Basistyle subquadrate ; apical lobe formed by a tubcrcle on which two thick, short, blunt and expanded setae at apex and an additional
long one are inserted ; preceeding t,his structure there is a double row formed by
about twenty slender, pointed setae inserted in distinct tubercles ; beyond the
apical lobe there are three or four differentiated setae, which arc slender, pointed
and inserted also in distinct tubercles. Dististyle a little more than half as long
as basistyle, thick, of striking shape and with an hyaline crest. Claw small and
terminal.
Mesosome as long as basistyle with a sinuate apical point and a lateral
thick arm. Tenth sternite with about twenty t,eeth forming the pecten. Ninth
tergite with lobes approximate, rounded, wifh many setae inserted on large tubercles and directed sideways.
basal ones small, outer ones large. Air-tube slender, long, straight, about ten times
as long as wide, the pecten reaching nearly the basal third ; hairs obsolete. Anal
segment as wide as long, ringed by the plate, ventral brush posterior ; dorsal tuft
a long hair and a long and four very short ones on each side. Anal gills not as long
as the segment, pointed.
Type Zoccdity- Costa Rica, Puerto Limon. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Costa Rica and Panama.
Culex
(Tinolestes)
americanus
(Neveu-Lemaire,
1902).
Female - Proboscis the length of fore femur, dark. Palpus half as long as
proboscis. Occiput, with narrow, curved, yellowish white scales.
Fig. 359. -
Cnlex
Original.
(Tinolestes)
americanus
( Seveu-Lemaire,
1902 ) .
&tale
genitalia.
390
Thorax
light brown. Mesonotum with dark brown scales, the setae veq
the dorsocentral row. Scutellum the color of mesonotum.
Legs brown, undersides of femora white.
Wing with very narrow scales.
Abdomen blackish above with basolateral white spots.
Male Proboscis one fifth shorter than fore femur, thickened at apex.
Palpus more than one third the length of proboscis, slender, dark. Antenna as
long as proboscis, moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 359). Dististyle long, attenuated towards apex. Claw short
and broad. Basistyle with a few setae below the columnar process ; columnar
process formed by separate columns bearing straight setae, the lower shorter and
having a secondary seta at its base ; upper arm with six long, straight setae. Mesosome with a long slender point. Tenth sternite with twelve teeth on apical comb
and four spicules below it. Nnth tergite with the lobes approximate, higher than
broad, ovate and wit,h four setae.
Pupa - Tube slender, long. Segment VIII with hair A twice as long as segment and with three branches.
Larva - (fig. 360). Head hair 4 short and simple, 5, 6 and 7 long and multiple,
8 four branched, slender and in a tuft. Antenna with sparse spiculosity, the tuft
beyond middle.
10% specially
Fig.
360.
Culcx
(Tinolestes)
americanus
(Nel-en-Lemaire,
1902).
Larva.
Original.
391
CULEX
Culex
1906
Culrx
Dyar
(Tinolestes)
& Knab,
1915
Howard,
1918
Dyar.
Dyar
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
1931
Shannon,
syn.
1906
Czc.lex &isor
1922
Culex
Ins.
& Knab,
Ins.
Mew.,
Mos.
Am.,
Proc.
13
Culex
Y.
SOL,
1923
103
conservator
Ent.
Mon.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
id.,
1941
.l. N.
Mos.
11
221.
308.
Sur.,
Dyar,
Id.,
11 :
189.
Sot.,
14
261.
345.
Ent.
Sot.
Dyar
Wash.,
33
& Knab,
J.
8.
N.
Y.
bifoZiatu8
Dyar,
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
1926 Dyar,
id.,
14:
169
surukumeneis
Anduze,
Rev.
Ent.
222.
10 : 92 ; 1923 Dyar,
id.,
11
189
1925 Dyar,
113.
San.
y -4s. SOL,
812.
Female - Howard, Dyar & Knab (1915) : - Proboscis long, slender, swollen
apically, labellae conically tapered ; vestiture black with a bronzy and blue reflection ; setae minute, curved, black, those on the labellae more prominently
outstanding. Palpi short, less than one-fifth as long as proboscis, slender, uniform,
black, with a few outstanding setae at base. Antennae rather long, the joints
subequal, rugose, pilose, blackish, second joint longer than third and slightly stouter ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous, brown on
inner side, hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black. Clypeus rounded triangular,
prominent, brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput brown, clothed with narrow, curved
pale brown scales, with many erect, forked brown ones intermixed, flat white
scales below on the sides, margin of eyes white scaled ; a row of bristles along
margin of eyes.
Prothoracic lobes pale, with brown bristles, Mesonotum brown, with two
narrow, bare lines on anterior half ; vestiture of narrow, curved bronzy-brown
scales, with paler ones on anterior margin and sides of disk ; bristles long, coarse,
black. Scutellum trilobate, with similar vestiture to the mesonotum, each lobe
with a group of long, coarse black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent,
brown, nude. Pleurae and coxae pale greenish with a few white scales and rows
of pale bristles.
Abdomen subcylindrical, truncate at tip ; dorsal vestiture uniformly bronzy
black, a row of pale bristles at tips of segments ; venter yellowish-white scaled,
with submetallic luster.
Wing moderate, hyaline ; . . . . . Scales of veins brown with a blue reflection
on costa broadly linear, denser on forks of second vein and apical half of third.
Halteres whitish, with black knobs.
Legs slender, rather long ; vestiture blue black with a bronzy reflection,
femora pale beneath. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.
1CIaEe- Proboscis articulated in the middle, blackish, a little lighter below,
as long as fore femur, slightly thickened at apex ; labellum whitish. Palpus short,
twice the length of clypeus. Antenna plumose, the last three segments pilose.
Genitalia : (fig. 361). Basistyle slightly more than twice the greatest width ;
an internal patch of short differentiated setae before columnar process ; columnar
process with the lower seta inserted more basally, both setae close together and
ending in a beak ; upper division with six foliaceous elements, of different sizes
and close together. Dististyle shorter than basistyle, the apical half differentiated
in a snout shaped structure, the upper margin of which is setose, with lateral
spicules. Claw large and expanded at apex. Tenth sternite with five teeth.
Mesosome as in figure.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Dyar (1928). (fig. 362). Head elliptical, somewhat wider than
long. Antennae long and slender, infuscated, spinulated, a tuft at the outer sixth,
the part beyond more slender ; head-hairs, upper in four, lower single, both long,
darkly colored, anteantennal tuft multiple, shorter. Lateral comb of the eighth
segment of many narrow spines in a triangular patch, the posterior ones twice as
long as the anterior ones but not in a conspicuous row. Air-tube long, straight,
flared at base, ten times as long a4 wide; pecten on basal fourth, few teeth, long
and sharp, a single hair following and another single one toward apex, others
perhaps detached (four shown in the monograph figure).
Anal segment longer
than wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush posterior ; dorsal tuft a long hair
and a shorter long hair on each side. Anal gills about as long as the segment,
pointed.
Trinidad,
S. Jose, Montserrat.
Type lost.
Type locality Distribution Trinidad
: Martinique
: Tobago : Surinam : Venezuela : Panama : Bras&
Northeastern States, Amazonas.
362.
Fia.
361.
Cuiex
(Tinolestes)
conservator
Edgar
&
Iinab,
1906.
362.
1907
Cules
I&ad
Larva.
Culex
Dyer
1915 Howard,
(Tinolestes)
& Knab,
Dyar
hp.
Ins.
J.
&ah,
1921
Dynr,
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
Mens
syn .
1914Cderchalcorgstes
Female -
Am.,
N.
Y.
Mon.,
,
& Bonne-Wepstcr,
Mos.
and terminal
9:
abdominal segments.
corrigani
Ent.
tenth
Sop.,
15
Dyar
&
Male genitalia.
Upper
sternite and mesosome.
Original.
Knab, 1907.
203.
3 : 386.
30.
AIos.
Sur.,
%j.
347.
Martilli,
111s. Ins.
hlens.,
70
1918 Dyar,
id., 6
l@Z.
twicethe length of clypeus. Antenna filiform, a little longer than proboscis. Occiput
with slender, white curved scales mixed with light brown ones which are forked.
Thorax : Mesonotum light brown, darker in the middle, covered with light
brown scales except on margins which are white scaled, the setae long and brown.
Scutellum with 4-6-4 setae, scales as in mesonotum.
Legs blackish except femora ventrally, femoro tibia1 joints and apex of
hind tibia which are whitish.
-4bdomen with blackish tergites.
Male - Proboscis longer than fore femur, blackish. Palpus three times the
length of clypeus, blackish. Antenna shorter than proboscis and moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 363). Basistyle subconical, small ; seta a inserted slightly
below b and pointed ; b thicker and blunt ; upper division formed by five or six
elements which are elongate, some larger than the others, and some foliaceous
setae. Dististyle two thirds the length of basistyle, simple, curved t.owards apex,
with two spicules. Claw large, subterminal.
Mesosome of peculiar shape as in
figure. Ninth tergite with the lobes removed, the median space slightly convex ;
the lobes rounded, broader than high and with six to eight, slender setae.
Pupa Unknown.
363.
Fig.
363.
Culex
Fig.
364.
Larva.
:l64.
(Tinolestes)
Head
and
rurrigani
terminal
Dyar
abdominal
& Kasb.
190i.
segments.
Xale
genitah.
(hisin:ti
Original.
Lana - Dyar (1928). (fig. 364). Head ovate, wider than long ; sntenuac~
long and slender, a tuft at the outclr fourth, the part beyond more slender, spinulatc :
head-ha,irs, upper in four, lower single, both long, anteantennal tuft multfipltl,
shorter. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of many long spines in a triangulat
patch. Air-tube long and slender, a litt#le flared at the base, ten times as long as
wide ; pecten on the basal fourth or less, followed by four single hairs. Anal
segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate, vent,ral brush posterior ; dorsal
tuft two long hairs on each side. Anal gills shorter than the segment, pointed.
Type localit?/ - Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Disfrih?rtion - Panama.
394
Culex
1922
Culex
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
1938
Kumm
1939
Senevet
(Tinolestes)
Gordon
& Evans,
Mos.
Am.,
& Novis,
I,
Trop.
Mos,
Med.
Sur.,
originator
An.
& Bonne-Wepster,
& Par.,
16
323.
264.
346.
Am.
& Abonnenc,
J.
Hyg.,
Ar.
Ins.
27:
503.
Pasteur
rllgkrie,
18:
112.
Fern&e - Proboscis as long as fore femur, blackish. Palpus one and a half
times the length of clypeus. Occiput with narrow whitish scales intermixed with
blackish ones and with erect forked blackish scales ; long setae on vertex and
ocular margin. Antenna dark brown ; flagellum one and a half times the lengt,h
of proboscis.
Thorax greenish. Pronotal lobe with brownish scales. Mesonotum with
brown scales and nude lines in Dhe integument ; no acrost,ichal setae, the dorsocentrals very long and developed as well as the supralars.
Legs dark, only whitish scales on femora, ventrally.
Femoro-tibia1 joints
also white.
Wing narrow scaled. Haltere wit.h white stem and blackish knob.
Abdomen blackish, very small yellowish basolateral spots on tergites.
_&I&e - Proboscis brown, articulated beyond the middle and as long as fore
femur. Palpus brown, one sixth the length of proboscis. Antenna three fourths
the length of proboscis, moderakly plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 365). Rasistyle ovate, twice the broadest width ; apical
lobe with the lower branch long, longer than the setae, setose inferiorly, seta a
inserted quite below b, both deformed, the apex curved ; columnar process elongate,
subdivided, the lower portion with a long foliaceous seta followed by another below
it ; the upper division with a leaf which is long and expanded at apex and followed
by two foliaceous setae, one of them the largest ; at base a spicule. Dististyle
shorter than basistyle, angled in the middle, attenuated towards apex, with a
few spicules below and serrate on upper margin. Claw subterminal expanded and
developed. Tenth sternites ending in fifteen teeth, from the middle towards apex
Me&some ending in two point,s. Ninth
with long and characteristic pilosity.
tergites with the lobes quite removed, small, broader than long and sparsely covered
with longpilosit,y.
Pupa Unknown.
Larz~a Gordon and Evans (1922). Dorsal head hairs consisting of an
inner pair of long tufts associated with a single long seta, and an outer pair of
shorter tufts. Antennae normal, spiny. Mental plate narrow with a very wide
median tooth and eight smaller ones on each side, the last one remote. Thoras
rounded, wider than long. Siphon tube very long, length nearly eleven times the
average width. Pecten not reaching beyond basal quarter, three long hairs beyond.
Type locality - Brasil,
State of Amazonas, Macap&. Type in the Liverpool
School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Distribution - French
Guiana
: Brasil,
States of Amazonas, Para and
Territory of Amapa.
Culex
1923
Culez
192.5 Bonne
1943 Lane
Evans,
An.
(Tinolestes)
Trop.
& Bonne-Wepster,
& Whitman,
Rev.
Med.
Mos.
Ent.,
paganus
& Par.,
Sur.,
14 :
17
Evans, 1923.
104.
263.
397.
Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, blackish. Palpus one and a half
times the length of clypeus, blackish. Clypeus and torus brown. Occiput covered
with yellow golden scales, the erect forked ones also golden, ocular margin with
whitish scales. Flagellum as long as proboscis.
395
Thorax greenish. Pronotal lobe with whitish scales. Mesonotum with greyish
scales, whitish ones on the sides. Pleura with narrow whitish scales.
Legs blackish, only the basal half of femora white underneath.
Wing narrow scaled.
Abdomen with blackish tergites. Sternites yellowish.
Male - Palpus one seventh the length of proboscis. Antenna shorter than
proboscis, moderately plumose.
Genitalia : See figure of Evans (1923). (fig. 366). Tenth sternites slender,
comb-shaped distally with about six teeth.
366.
Fig.
365.
Culex
(Tinolestes)
Fig.
366.
Culex
1923,
(Tinnlestes)
An. Trap.
originator
Gordon
paganus
Evans,
Med.
& Par.,
17
8; Evans,
1923.
(1)
1922.
Culex
1936
Culex
(Isostom@u)
(Tinolestes)
Kemp,
An.
Ent.
Sot.
browni
Am.,
29
Male
genitalia.
Male genitalia.
fig. 2).
(Based
Original.
on
Evans,
School of Tropical
Me-
Komp, 1936.
326.
396
TJ
L E
one short and turned upwards. Tenth sternite with seven teeth. Ninth tergitc
with the lobes remot)e, median space concave, each lobe with seven or eight slender
setae.
Canal Zone. Type in Ii. S. N. hf.
Type ZocnZity- Panama,
Dist~%ution Panama.
Eig. 367. -
Culex
(Tinolestes)
basistyle, dististyle,
Cules
1943
Culex
(Tinolestes)
(Isostomyia)
browni
Komp, 1936.
Male
mesosome and ninth tergite.
canaanensis
genitalia.
Original.
Upper
lobe of
397
CULES
Genitalia : (fig. 368). Uasistyle attenuated apically, twice the basal width,
ctsternally setose and with a dense region of long hairs which, from base, envolves
the apical lobe and ends in the upper division ; columnar process covered until
nearly the middle by the above mentioned hairs and ending in two foliaceous
elements, the lower inserted more basallv ; upper division short, nude, with a
large, foliaceous and striated leaf inserteddin the middle and another smooth one
which is small, curved and preapical, at apex four or five short setae. Dististyle
shorter than basistyle, thick and ending in a beak, two spicules on internal margin ;
terminal claws two. Tenth sternites sclerotized on margin and with six or seven
teeth. Mesosome with high anterior plate, subquadrate, the lower one rounded and
low. Ninth tergite with the lobes rounded and bearing six to nine setae each,
intcrlobar space broad and even.
364.
Fig.
368.
Culex
(Tinolestes)
369.
cnnaanensis
Larva.
(Based on Lane R- Whitman,
of pupaalgo shown.
genitalis.
Tube
Axe
398
CULEX
attenuated gradually towards apex ; pecten basal with ten spinelike scales and a
few simple or double setae inserted quite a distance one from the others. Anal
segment ringed by the plate which is strongly sclerotized ; dorsal tuft (1 + l),
lateral of two small hairs. Gills a little shorter than length of anal segment.
Type Zoccdity- Brad,
State of Espirito Santo, Vale do Canaan. Type in
U. S. N. M.
Distribution- That of type locality.
Culex
(Tinolestes)
cauchensis
1945 CuZex (Mekznoconion) Floch & Abonnenc, Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Inini, 112
1950 Rozeboom and Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 88.
Male - Floch and Abonnenc (1945) mention the following characters : Proboscis brown. Palpus quite shorter than proboscis, brown. Antenna longer
than proboscis, plumose. Occiput with dark brown scales.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with strong setae. Mesonotum with greyish integument and bronzy scales, the setae strong. Pleura whitish green.
Legs dark ; femora whitish underneath at base, on hind one reaching the
basal three fourths.
Abdomen : Tergites dark with basal white scales on segments II-VIII,
larger on V.
Genitalia : (fig. 370). Basistyle with elongate columnar process ; seta a
inserted more ba+sad than b, both long and hooked at apex ; upper division in two
portions, the lower one with a deformed, inflated seta and a spine, the upper one
with three foliaceous setae and a large, deformed, inflated leaf. Dististyle attenuated after base, enlarged preapically, the dorsal portion serrate, apical portion
Fig. 370. -
Culex (Tinolestes)
cauchensis
Floch
& Abonnenc.
Male genitalia.
Upper
lobe of basistyle, dististyle, mesosome, ninth tergite, tenth sternite.
(Based
on Floch & Abonnenc, 1945, Inst. Pasteur Guyane et Ter. Inini, 112: 2).
Fig. 371. -
Culex (Tinolestes)
bamborum
Rozeboom
& Komp,
1948.
Male genitalia.
Upper lobes of basistyle, dististyle, mesosome and ninth tergite.
(Base on
Rozeboom & Komp, 1948, J. Par., 34 (5) : 401).
399
CULES
attenuated into a slender structure, the apex curved. Claw subterminal. Mesosome
a simple plate with a small inner, basal horn. Ninth tergites with the lobes rounded
and with three or four setae.
Fern&e, pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - French
Guiana,
Caux. Type in Inst. Pasteur Guyane
Fraqaise.
Culex
1948
Culez
(Tinolestes)
(Isostomyia)
Rozeboom
bamborum
& Komp,
J. Par.,
Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark. Palpus dark, one ninth the
length of proboscis. Occiput with silvery narrow scales and brown erect forked ones.
Fig.
372.
Culex
(Tinolestes)
bamborum
Rozeboom
and Komp,
1948,
Rozehoom
& Kemp,
1949.
J. Par.,
34 (5)
401-402.
LalTa.
(Based
4ou
T,
I-,
Subgenus
1918
MELAXOCONION
Theobald, 1903.
Mon. Cul., 3 : 238 type atrutus Theobald.
Gnophodeomyia
Theobald,
J. Econ. Biol., 1 : 21 type inornata
Theobald.
Mochlostyfan
Dyar
& Knab, J. N. P. Ent. Sot., 14 : 288 type cuudelli D. & K.
Asebeomyia
Aiken,
J. Roy.
Agr. Sot. Brit. Guiana,
1 : 193 type epirus Aiken.
type anips Dyar.
Choeropoqa
Dyar,
Ins. Ins. Mens.,
6 : 103 Hekoporpa
Dyar,
id., 6 : 125 type menytes Dyar.
1928
Dinoporpa
1903
1905
1906
1911
1918
MeZanoconion
Theohald,
Dynr,
Mos.
Am.,
286 -
type
trifidus
Dyar.
--
401
CULEX
(Melanoconion)
paracrybda
330
Komp,
19.50 Rozeboom t
1936.
Fig. 373. -
Culer (Melnnoconinon)
paracrybda
Komp, 1936.
Male genitalia.
(Based on
Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43: fig. 62, except for mesosome).
402
CULEX
Culex
(Melanoconion)
taeniopus
1907
1920
1925
1928
1934
1938
5.
70, 178
1925
5.
Fig. 374.
.I
Culex
(Melanoconion)
taeniopus
1950,
1,
403
Culex
1924
Culex
Dyar,
1928
Dyar
(pro
1950 Rozeboom
Ins.
(Melanoconion)
Ins.
parte),
Mens.,
Mos.
& Komp,
12
Am.,
An.
crybda
Dyar, 1924.
184.
293.
Ent.
Sot.
Am.,
43 : 89.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
1926
CuEex (Melanoconion)
1928
Dyar,
1945
Wirth,
1945
Pratt
syn.
1928
Mos.
Am.,
Proc.
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
14
44.
294.
Ent.
& Wirth,
Culex
Komp,
Komp, 1926.
opisthopus
Sot.
Proc.
mychonde
Wash.,
Ent.
Komp
47
202.
SOL Wash.,
(in
Dyar),
47
: 245.
Mos.
Am.,
!
295.
404
CULEX
Female - Wirth (1945) : - The only known North American Culex (Melanoconion) with white tarsal marking-j. These are restricted to the hind tarsi, in which
the first four segments have narrow white rings basally and apically, and the last
segment is almost entirely white. In some specimens there are coppery reflections
at the tarsal articulations of the fore and middle legs. The occiput is covered with
a few long strong, anteriorly directed bristles laterad to beyond t(he bases of the
antennae ; and with many erect black forked scales mixed with many half-depressed,
twisted, long slender silvery scales. The genae bear conspicuous patches of flat,
rounded, closely-appressed silvery-white
scales.
Male - Proboscis one fifth longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus surpassing
proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 376). Columnar process with seta a deformed, inserted
beyond b which is longer, both of them hooked at apex ; upper division elongate,
undivided, with four pointed setae, one of them expanded, a foliaceous seta and
a hooked seta. Dististyle attenuated in the middle, snout shaped at apex where
it is pilose dorsally and bears two lateral spicules. Claw bifid and subterminal.
Mesosome with a small point on each side. Ninth tergite elongate, fingerlike
and with very short hairs.
Fig. 376. -
Culex (Melanoconion)
opistbopus
Komp, 1936.
Male genitalia.
Rozeboom & Komp, 1930 An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43: fig. 61).
(Based on
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 377). Head broader than long ; hair 4 small, double ; 5 single ;
6 wit,h five or six branches ; 7 multiple.
Antenna long, the tuft multiple at base
of apical fourth, spiculose below tuft, smooth beyond it, apex with three long and
one short hair.
405
CULEX
Fig.
377.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
opisthopus
Kemp,
1936.
Larva.
Original.
Culex
1903
Culex
(Melanoconion)
1908 Peryassd
(pro
(pro
parte),
1928
Dyar
parte),
1943
Culex
syn.
1927
Culex
1928
C. (Mochlostyrax)
OS Cul.
Mos.
(Melunoconion)
Am.,
Lane
(Choeroporpa)
Theobald,
ocdatus
1903.
: 222.
Brazil,
198.
351.
and
Whitman,
automartus
automartus
Root,
Dyar,
Rev.
Am.
Mos.
Ent.,
14
J. Hyg.,
Am.,
402.
: 591.
295.
406
Postnotum blackish. Pleura with a dark brown transversal stripe and spots of
white scales.
Legs dark, femora whitish internally.
Wing with narrow, curved scales. Haltere with white stem and black knob.
Abdomen dorsally blackish, ventrally whitish, the colors separated on the
sides in a straight line, last segment with yellow setae.
Male - Palpus nearly as long as proboscis, blackish. Antenna shorter than
proboscis, plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 378). Basistyle rounded with long setae and devoid of spicules ; apical lobe with two hooked setae on columnar process ; upper division
three branched. the longest with a long curved seta and a foliaceous seta, the second
with a filament and a slender foliaceous seta, the third with three united foliaceous
setae. Ninth tergite with the interlobar space broad and concave.
Fig.
378.
Culex
Root,
(Melanoconion)
1927,
Am. J.
ocellatus
Hig.,
7:
fig.
Theobald,
19).
1903.
Male
genitalia.
(Based
on
Pupa - (fig. 379). Tube darker beyond base, seventeen times basal width,
slender, curved and apically expanded. Thorax with a long double, a long triple
and small setae on dorsal group of cephalothorax.
Cg, Fig.
379.
C&x
dorsal.
(Melanoconion)
Original.
ocdlatus
Theobald,
1903.
Pupa.
Ahdominal
segments,
407
CULEX
Abdomen with the setae of the first two segments inserted in distinct tubercles ; segment II with hairs 1 and C longer than segment ; III with B one and a
half times length of segment ; IV to VI with B double and more than twiEe the
length of segment ; VII with A double or triple, short, in VIII
double or triple
and longer. Paddle more than twice the length of segment VIII.
Larva (fig. 380). Head broader than long ; hair 4 simple and short ; 6
long and simple ; 6 multiple ; 7 multiple ; 8 multiple and 9 simple. Antenna with
a multiple tuft on apical fourth, spiculose below tuft, smooth beyond it where
there are three long hairs and a small leaf.
Fig. 380. -
Culex
(Melanocanion)
ocellatus
Theobald,
1903.
Larva
Original.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
nigrimacula
1943.
408
CULEX
---
____ __-_
___-_-
_-.
_-
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with white scales and blackish setae. Mesonotum
with brown integument and scales ; in front of root of wing there is a rounded spot
of black integument and scales ; dorsocentral setae in a row, denser on prescutellar
region ; acrostichals only the anterior pair ; two or three humerals ; supralars
dense. Scutellum as mesonotum with 3-6-3 marginal setae. Pleura greenish, a
dark brown transversal stripe and spots of white scales.
Legs dark, femora whitish underneath.
Wing scales narrow. Haltere with white stem and black knob.
Abdomen blackish with basal rounded white spots ; last segment with yellow
setae.
Male - Palpus nearly as long as proboscis, blackish. Antenna shorter than
proboscis. Abdomen generally with basal white bands on segmenm IV-VI.
Genitalia : (fig. 381). Basistyle rounded, twice the basal width, without
spiculosity ; apical lobe with two capitiform filaments on columnar process ; upper
division with two branches ; the lower one with two long leaves and a shorter
one ; the upper with three leaves of the same size, an additional leaf at base of
column. Dististyle two thirds the length of basistyle, thickened at base, attenuated
in the middle and ending in a serrate upper margin ; apex snout shaped ; two small
spicules in middle of internal margin. Claws two, foliaceous. Tenth sternite sclerotized externally and ending in four teeth. Mesosome with the plates elongate
and ending in a point, the posterior ones rounded. Ninth tergite with very broad
interlobar space, convex ; the lobes rounded and with six to eight setae besides a
few others reaching the interlobar space.
382.
Fig.
381.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
Pig.
332.
Cdex
(Melanoronion)
pupa
figs.
also.
13 to
(Both
16).
nigrimacula
nigrimaeula
drawings
Lane
Lane
based
on
&
Whitman,
1943.
& Whitman,
1943.
Lane
& Whitman,
Male
genitalia.
Larva.
Tube of
1943,
Rev.
Ent.,
Pupa - Tube fifteen times basal width, (fig. 382) slender, curved, slightly
expanded at apex, weakly sclerotixed basally. Dorsal cephalothoracic setae long
and double.
Abdomen with hair B on segments II and III as long as segment, single ; in
IV-VI twice the lengt,h of segment, four or five branched ; hair A of VII and VIII
double and very long. Paddle rounded more than twice the length of segment
VIII,
terminal hair minute.
Larva - (fig. 382). Head broader than long ; hair 4 small and simple ; 5
long, multiple ; 6 long, simple ; 7 shorter, multiple ; 8 double ; 9 six branched :
409
CULEX
14 simple. Antenna spiculose, tuft on apical fourth, smooth beyond tuft and ending
in three setae and a small leaf.
Body nude, the setae in sparse rosettes. Prothoracic hair formula 1.l.m
-2
- 1.1.1/2. Pecten of segment VIII of several rows of slender scales in a subtriangular patch. Siphon eight t(imes basal width, the pecten not reaching the basal
third with seven or eight very long scales and four tufts of double or triple long
setae and a small double one, all beyond pecten. Anal segment ringed by the plate,
broader than long, posterior margin with long spicules ; dorsal setae (1 + 1) ;
lateral hair simple, minute. Gills twice the length of anal segment and ending in
a point.
Type locality - Bras&
State of Rio de Janeiro. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Bras&
States of Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo.
Culex
1907
CuZez fur
(Melanoconion)
Dyar
1910 Theobald,
& Knab,
Mon.
Dyar
Cul.,
1915
Howard,
syn.
1921
Culex
1921
C. (Melanoconion)
1923
C. (M.)
1925
C. (M.)
& Knab,
spissipes
J.
P.
fur
Ent.
Sot.,
15
613.
Mon.,
314.
Bonne-Wepster
spissipes
spisaipes
Dyar
spicrsipes Bonne
1928 C. (M.)
spissipes
Dyar
1935
spissipes
Martini
C. (M.)
N.
& Bonne
Dyar
(net
(net
Theobald),
(net
id.,
11
& Bonne-Wepster
(net
Theobald),
(net
Theobald),
& Ludlow
(net
Mos.
Theobald),
Ins.
Theobald),
Theobald),
Am.,
Mos.
Ins.
id.,
Mens.,
9
1925 Dyar,
Mos.
Sur.,
47.
47.
id.,
13
169.
268.
342.
Mexico,
60.
Culex
1903
syn.
Melanoconion
(Melanoconion)
spissipes
1905
Melanoconion
1908
M,
theobaldi
Theobald,
theobaldi
Peryassd,
Lutz,
spissipes
Mon.
Imp.
OS Cul.
Cul.,
Med.,
Brasil,
242.
13
236.
51.
(Theobald, 1903)
410
CULES
386.
383.
Pig. 383. -
fur
Dyar & Knab, 1907.
Culex (Melanoeonion)
Male genitalia.
Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, 1925, Mos. Surinam, fig. 36).
Pig. 386. -
Culcx
1908
1910
1915
1922
1925
1928
1935
1939
1950
(Melanoconion)
trifidus
Dyar,
1921.
Male genitalia,
(Based on
Original.
Female - Proboscis dark brown, shorter than fore femur, distal third thi:
ckened. Palpus twice the length of clypeus, dark brown. Antenna with dark brown
torus, lighter internally ; flagellum one fourth longer than proboscis. Occiput
with two proclinate setae at vertex and some oculars, all dark brown ; with slender,
golden scales, mixed with dark brown forked ones, mentum white scaled.
Thorax with dark brown integument. Pronotal lobe with brown setae. Mesonotum densely covered with narrow, curved golden scales on anterior two thirds
and margins of prescutellar depression, on the rest they are coppery ; acrostichal
setae small, dorsocentrals long, also supralars, all of them dark brown. Scutellum
with golden scales and 5-8-5 marginal setae. Pleura with golden scales on posterior
pronotum ; in the middle and in front of sternopleurals a short stripe of white
scales.
Wing with broad scales. Haltere with white stem and black knob.
Legs dark brown ; femora white ventrally also apex of femora and tibiae
white.
411
CULEX
384.
Fig.
384. -
Fig. 385. -
Culex
Larva.
(Melanoconion)
Terminal
385.
spissipes
(Theobald,
abdominal segments.
1903).
Male genitalia.
Original.
Original.
Larva - Dyar (1928) for chrysonotum : - (fig. 385). Head transverse, the
sides bulging ; antennae large, a tuft on the outer third, the part beyond slender,
basal part spined ; head-hairs single, anteantennal tuft multiple.
Body pilose.
Lateral comb of segment VIII of few scales in two or three rows. Tube six times
basal width, the pecten on basal third, eight multiple tufts, the basal one within
the pecten. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft
(1 + 1) ; lateral hair single, small.
Type locality - Trinidad.
Type in B. M.
Distribution Panama : Venezuela : Surinam
: French Guiana :
Bolivia : Brasil, States of Para, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Bahia and S. Paulo,
also Northeastern States of Brasil.
Note - The wrong synonymy of this species with Culex fur was due to Bonne
& Bonne-Wepster who believed that they saw two dark spots on the mesonotum
of spissipes. Probably what they observed in the type specimen was a small lateral
intrusion of dark scales. We examined the type and found that it corresponds
412
CULEX
to the description given by Theobald. Authors maintain that theobaldi and chrysonotum are distinct species based on genitalic characters. We have observed that
there is quite a range of variation in the structures. For this reason we have synonymized both these species with spissipes.
Culex
1921
1925
1928
1941
19.50
(Melanoconion)
trifidus
Dyar,
1921.
Culex (Choeropotpo) Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 9 : 115 ; 1925 Dyar, id., 3
Culez (Helcoporpa)
Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 282.
Cutez (MochZostyraz)Dyar, Mos. Am., 282.
MochZostyraz(Dinoporpu) Dampf, An. Est. Nat. Ci. B~ol., 2 : 251.
Cd& (Melanoconion) Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 97.
170.
Female Proboscis dark brown, slightly longer than fore femur. Palpus
twice the length of clypeus. Antenna filiform, one fourth longer than proboscis.
Occiput with broad scales mixed with forked ones, all dark brown, on sides and
vertex they are broad and white.
Thorax : Mesonotum with brown integument ; covered with coppery scales ;
acrostichal setae an anterior pair ; dorsocentrals in a row, all very long. Scutellum
with five setae on each lobe. Pleura dark brown.
Legs brown, the femora white ventrally.
Abdomen brown.
Male - Proboscis longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than probosics by
half the last segment. Antenna moderately plumose, the plumes dark brown.
Genitalia : (fig. 386). Basistyle ovate ; columnar process elongate, setae a
and b thick, distorted, the apex deformed, a inserted more basally than t3 ; upper
division distinct, elongate, a foliaceous group of three setae in the middle, a leaf
above, a hooked seta below. Dististyle a little shorter than basistyle, thick and
ending in three arms, one smaller, attenuated apically, the other the longest and
with a curved thickening before apex, the last blunt at apex. Tenth sternite with
the setae very united. Mesosome with the first plate slender and serrate, the second
smooth. Ninth tergite with the lobes quite det,ached, about two and a half times
the greatest width and with a long seta on the internal angle of apex besides smaller
ones.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Costa Rica.
Types in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Mexico : Costa
Rica : Panama
: Salvador.
Culex
1918
1925
1935
1950
syn.
(Melanoconion)
menytes
Dyar,
1918.
413
CULEX
Genitalia : (fig. 387). Basist,yle ovate, twice the broadest width ; columnar
process ending in two setae, the lower inserted below the upper, both hooked, the
upper larger and distorted ; upper division with a large, foliaceous hooked seta
at apex, below this seta a large expanded leaf which is fan-shaped and opens dist,ally besides three short setae. Dististyle slender, elbowed in the middle above,
apex blunt, before apex and below a pointed protuberance, above pilose and with
a spicule, below with two spicules. Claw long and curved. Mesosome broad,
rounded above_,in one side a protuberance, on the opposite one a larger protuberance
with small inclslons. Ninth tergite with the lobes a little longer than broad, with
dense but short setae inserted in distinct tubercles, below there are mamillated
structures turned downwards and equally pilose.
Type locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distrihtion
- Panama : French Guiana : Bras& State of S. Paulo.
Fig. 387. -
Culex
Culex
(Melnnoconion)
(Melauoconion)
menytes
Dyar,
1918.
coppenamensis
Male genitalia.
Original.
Bonne-Wepster
64
1923 Bonne-
414
CULEX
Fig.
413.
Culex
(Melanoeonion)
coppenamensis
Bonne-Wepster
(Based
on Rozeboom
& Komp,
1950,
an.
genitalia.
22, ninth
tergites,
original).
& Bonne,
1920.
Male
Ent.
SOC. Am., 43:
fig.
415
CULEX
on basal two fifths, each tooth with numerous side branches. Five pairs of hair
tufts beyond the tube, hardly diminishing in length. Two terminal hooks. Comb
of eighth segment in a triangular patch, each tooth pointed with apical fringe. Anal
segment longer than wide. Ventral brush on the barred area. Dorsal hairs two
long ones and a short one on each side. Anal gills missing in specimen.
Type Zocalit~ Surinam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Surinam
: ? Venezuela.
Fig.
414.
Culex
1939
Culex
Culex
Head
1925
(Melsnoconion)
(Melanoconion)
(Melanoconion)
1950 Rozeboom
& Komp,
Senevet
An.
Ent.
Bonne-Wepster
segments.
(Based
on
coppenamensis
and terminal
abdominal
Mos.
Surinam,
fig. 44).
comatus
& Abonnenc,
Sot.
Am.,
Larva.
& Bonne,
1920.
Bonne
Es Bonne-Wepster,
Ins.
43
yellowish. Palpus longer than proboscis by the last two segments. Occiput
.wit,h black,+forked, scales intermixed with broad black-and whit,e ones.
Thorax brown with reddish brown scales and long light hairs.
Legs brown.
/
Abdomen with tergites dark except for basal bands on segment,s.
416
CULEX
Genitalia : (fig. 388). Basistyle with elongate columnar process, seta Q inserted
before b, bot!h hooked at apex ; upper division with a hooked seta and a very short
pointed one, above a foliaceous seta and three appressed broad ones. Dististyle
short, constricted mesially, t,he apex knob like, many long setae on ventral apical
surface, the upper surface with serrations. Claw a long, blunt seta. Mesosome with
two points on one margin at apex, and a hooked one on the opposite side. Ninth
tergite rounded.
388.
Fig.
375.
Fig. 388. -
Culex
(Melanoconion)
375.
comatns
IJ&lTE%.
Siphon.
Male genitalia.
Upper lobe of basistyle, dististyle, mesosome and ninth
tergite.
(Both based on Senevet & Abonnenc, 1939, Ar. Ins. Pasteur AlgBrie,
17: 103, fig. 22).
Lareja - Senevet & Abonnenc (1939) : - (fig. 375). T&e plus large que
Eongue, . . . Antenne portant la touffe vers le tiers apical, r&r&ie ensuite ; nombreux spicules forts et pointus sur toute la partie basale, plus discrets sur la partie
apicale. Epines pr6clyp6ales pigment&es et chitinisbes. Sois frontales externes B 7
branches ramifikes ; soies mBdianes assez fortes et simples ; sois interne plus greles
et simples.
Thorax. Soies prothoraciques : (2 + 2) - 2 - 1 - 1 - 3 --- 2. Propleurales :
une soie assez forte et longue, deux plus greles et c lurt.es, une petite soie ED bouquet.
417
CULEX
Mdsopleurales : 6pine centrale assez longue, fine et pointue ; deux soies fortes
avec des spicules courts ; une soie multiple & 4 branches avec des ramuscules.
Mktapleurales : bpine assez longue et pointue ; une forte soie comme prgcedentment ; une soie plus courte et plus grble ; une soie multiple & 5 branches.
Abdomen : Soies la&ales doubles sur les segments 4-5-6. Peigne du 8e. segment form6 d6pines assez longues, un peu rktreceies avant lapex, ramifiees en
longues barbules. Siphon moyen : 4,7 ; peigne atteignant largement le tiers basal.
5 paires de touffes plutbt grbles, a 7-8 branches de tailles graduellement decroissante
vers lapex.
Crochets apicaux plut8t greles. Segment anal entoure compl&ement
par la plaque. Le bord postbrieur de celle-ci arm6 de piqueants nombreux et assez
courts. Sur le reste de la plaque, pas de peignes mais de lignes presque continues
de piquants. Soies dorsales 1 + (1 + 1). Tdgument avec de tout petits spicules sur
la partie mhdiane de labdomen et des spicules plus longs sur les derniers anneaux
et surtout sur le thorax.
Type locality - French Guiana,
Poste Saut-Tigre.
Type in the Institut
Pasteur dAlg&ie.
Distribution - French Guiana
and Colombia.
Culex
1936
Culex
Komp,
1950
Rozeboom
An.
(Melanoconion)
Ent.
& Komp.
Sot.
An.
Am.,
Ent.
29
Sot.
elephas
Komp, 1936.
328.
Am.,
43 : 90.
Illale - Komp (1936) : - A small dark brown unmarked Culex. The palpi
are rather shorter than is usual, exceeding the proboscis by only half the length
of the last segment.
Genitalia : (fig. 389). Basistyle with columnar process thick, short ; setae a
and b short, thick, deformed at apex ; upper division with a hooked seta and a
short pointed one followed by a broad pointed seta and three foliaceous appressed
setae, a spine below these setae. Dististyle thick, gradually attenuated towards
apex and ending in a point. Claw absent. Mesosome serrate on upper margin! a
point on one side turned upwards, mesially another long point. Ninth tergite with
the lobes approximate,
L-shaped with short hairs internally, the distal elongate
portion with many setae which are longer than arm of basistyle, and shorter setae
on internal upper margin.
Type locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution That of type locality.
Culex
1923
Cdec
Dyar,
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
1950
Roxeboom
Ins.
(Melanoconion)
Ins.
Mens.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Am.,
Mos.
11
egcymon
Dyar , 1923.
67.
Sur.,
285.
292.
& Komp,
An.
Ent.
Sot.
Am.,
43 : 90.
Fig. 389. -
Culex (Mclanoconion)
elephas
Kemp, 1936.
Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, An. Ent. Sot. am.,
Male genitalia.
43: fig. 90).
(Based
on
Legs dark except femora internally and apex of femora and tibiae which
are whitish
Abdo6en dark.
Genitalia : (fig. 390). Basistyle elongate, twice the basal width : apical lobe
with the columnar process elongate and divided ; setae a and h short and ending
in a hook, a strongly curved and thickened beyond the middle, b slightly sinuous
on preapical portion ; upper division branched, the lower portion with a hooked
seta and a much smaller one ; the upper division with two broad, blunt setae and
two long slender ones. Dististyle curved mesially, the apex drawn in a long point
which is gradually attenuated, in the upper angle there is short pilosity, internall)
two spicules one of which is small. Mesosome with upper margin serrate and with
two points, one on each side, below there is another point and above it a notch.
Ninth tergites with characteristic lobes ; they are nearly united, the setac restricted to the upper margin, dense and longer than length of lobes.
Unknown.
Pupa Larva - Dyar (1928) : - (fig. 391). Head transverse! rounded, quadrangular (antennae and head hairs missing). Body minutely splculose. Prothoracic
hair formula l.?.? - 1 - 1.1.2 - 2. Comb of segment VIII a patch of scales iri
three rows. Siphon more than seven times as long as basal width, the pecten on
basal third ; four double or triple tufts beyond the middle. Anal segment longer
than wide, ringed by the plate which is spiculose on posterior upper margin ; dorsal
tuft (1 + 2).
Panama.
Type in U. S. N. If.
That-of type locality.
330.
Fig.
390.
Fiq. 391. -
Cdex
Larva.
Culex
1927
1928
1935
1939
1950
391.
(Melanoconion)
Terminal
egcy-men
Dear,
abdominal segments.
(Melanoconion)
1923.
Nele
gfwitalia.
Original.
Original.
serratimarge
Root, 1927.
589.
37 : 6.
Pasteur AlgBrie, 17 : 85.
Sot. Am., 43 :
420
CULEX
tergite with large, trapezoidal teeth, covered with short pilosity except at apex
where there are rows of very long setae inserted at same level.
Larm Senevet & Abonnenc (1939) : - Cet$te larve est t&s voisine de
celle de C. plectoporpe dont elle ne se distingue que par les caracteres suivants (sur
ila reserve bien entendu que nous navons examin quune seule larve).
Les soies prothoraciques correspondent a la formule (2 + 4) l-l-l-3-2.
Vne des soies gr$les de la propleurale est double au lieu d&re quadruple, caract6re
Bvidemment tr& Gnu.
Type locality Bras&
State of Rio de Janeiro, Porto das Caixas. Type
in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - French
Guiana:
Panama
: Brad,
States of Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo and Cear&.
Fig. 392. -
Culex
Culex
(Melanoconion)
serratimarge
(Melanoconion)
Root,
1927.
Dyar,
tecmarsis
1918 C&l: Dyar, I&. Ins. Mens., 6 : 124 ; 1920 Dyar, id., 8
1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 313.
1950 Rozehoom & Komp. An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 97.
Male
genitalia.
Original.
1918.
62.
421
CULES
Male - Proboscis dark, longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than proboscis
by nearly the last two segments which are acuminate and pilose. Occiput with
dark, slender, scales with white sheen mixed with blackish forked ones ; broad
white scales on the sides.
Thorax : Mesonotum with brown integument, covered with coppery scales.
Legs dark, except femora ventrally and apex of femora and tibiae which are
white.
Abdomen with tergites dark except for basolateral white spots.
Genitalia : (fig. 393). Basistyle ovate, apical lobe with setae a and b divergent, deformed, hooked and inserted at same level on columnar process ; upper
division with a hooked seta followed by a narrow leaf, above two or three foliaceous
setae and a large expanded leaf ending in a beak ; base with a small seta. Dististyle slightly more than half as long as basistyle, attenuated in the middle, the apex
capitate serrate on upper margin and with one or two spicules. Claw large and
expanded. Mesosome forked above, one of the branches large, in the middle with
an upcurved tooth. Ninth tergite with the lobes separate,. the median space broad,
concave and finely spiculose, each lobe elongate, digitlform, with long setae at
apex, body spiculose ; all setae inserted in distinct, tubercles.
Pupa and lawa Unknown.
Type locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. X. M.
Distribution - Panama
and Venezuela.
Fig.
393.
C&=x
Culex
1936
Culex
Komp,
1950
Rozeboom
An.
(Melanoconion)
tecmarsis
(Melanoconion)
Ent.
& Komp,
Sot.
An.
Am.,
Ent.
Sot.
:-
29
Dyar,
vexillifer
Male
genitalia.
Komp,
1936.
1928.
Original.
320.
Am.,
43 : 97.
Culez, without
abdo-
42%
CULEX
Male - Kemp (1936) : - Palpi esceeding the proboscis by almost the length
of the last two segments.
Genitalia : (fig. 394). Basistyle with the arms of columnar process wide apart,,
setae a and Z, inserted separately at same level, deformed at apex ; upper division
with a hooked seta and a short one below, above with four foliaceous appressed
setae. Dististyle head like at apex, serrate on upper margin. Claw short, blunt.
Mesosome with three points on one side and two on the other. Ninth tergite with
the lobes approximate, more than twice as long as broad, setose, on upper margin,
the setae much longer.
Pupa Unknown.
394.
395.
Fig.
394.
Culex
Kemp,
Fiq.
395.
Larvn.
(Melanoconion)
An. Ent.
1950,
Head
and
vcxillifer
Koxup,
1936.
Sot. am.,
43:
fig. 88).
terminal
segments.
Jfale
genitalia.
(Based
on
Original.
Lama - (fig. 395). Head broader than wide, with darker markings, hairs as
in figure. Antenna with the tufts on base of apical third, darker beyond the tuft.
Body minutely spiculose. Irothoracic hair formula 1.1.2 - l/2 - 1.1.2 - 2.
Comb of segment VIII of several rows of scales. Siphon nearly five times as broad
as wide, the pecten of few scales reaching beyond the basal third ; seven long multiple tufts, the basal two within the pecten. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed
by the plate which is spiculose dorsopostcriorly ; dorsal sctae (2 + 1).
Type locality - Panama.
Type in C. S. N. M.
Di.st~ihl(tio~L Panama.
Culex
(IIIelanoconion)
1906
~och~ostyrax
1915
Culez
Howard,
Dyar
1918
Dyar,
Ins.
Mens.,
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
1935
Komp,
Dyar
Ins.
& Knab,
$
Am.,
Proc.
1938 Kurnm
1950
Rozeboom
syn.
1920
Wepster
RIO?.?. SW.,
313.
Mos.
J.
An.
multipi~osus
& Boune,
Ent.
Mon.,
108 ;
3 :
Sot.,
396.
1924 Dyar,
Sur.,
SOC. Wash.,
Am.
& Komp,
C&z
Y.
id.,
12
186.
312.
287.
Ent.
& Novis,
N.
Knab,
6 :
BE Bonne-Xepster,
Moe.
cawdelli
J.
id.,
37
HJg.,
27
Ent.
Sot.
:
:
3.
503.
Am.,
Bonne-Wepster
11
126
43
88.
& Bonne,
1924 Dyar,
id.,
Ins.
12 :
Ins.
183 ;
&lens.,
1923 Bonne
177
1923
Bonne-
& Bonne-Wepster,
Fende - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark. Palpus dark, three times
the length of clypeus. Antenna longer than proboscis. Occiput, with blackish and
white scales intermixed.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe blackish. Mesonotum with dark brown integument
and bronzy scales ; dorsocentral setae long and in a row, supralars long. Pleura
dark brown.
Legs dark, femora whit,e ventrally, femoro-tibia1 and tibio-tarsal joints also
lighter.
Abdomen with tergites dark except for basolateral white spots.
&faze - Proboscis longer t,han fore femur, blackish. Palpus longer than proboscis by nearly the last two segments, blackish except for a small white spot on
penultimate joint. Abdomen with broad white bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 396). Basistyle with the arms of columnar process divergent,
setae a and b inserted at the same 1eveL and deformed at apex ; upper division a
hooked seta and a short, pointed one ; above them four foliaceous appresscd sctae.
Dististyle attenuated in the middle, head like at apex, the upper margin serrate.
Claw short and blunt. Mesosome with four points, one of them much longer than
the others. hinth tergite with the lobes nearly touching ; much longer than wide,
with an internal protuberance, setose, the apes with very longe setae.
Pupa - Unknown.
296.
397.
Fig.
39G.
C&x
(Melanoeonion)
caudelli
(Dyer
& Knsb.
1906).
Xale
genitalia.
mesosome
and
ninth
tergite.
(Based
lobe of basistyle,
dististyle,
zeboom & Romp,
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot. _Ym., 43:
pl. 3, fig. 16).
Fig.
395.
Larva.
Head
and
terminal
abdominal
segments.
Cpp?r
on Ro-
Original.
Culex
1906
Gnophodeomyia
1908
Culex
Dyar
(IVIelanoconion)
Aiken,
& Knab,
Brit.
Smiths.
Guiana.
Misc.
Med.
Colls.,
aikeni
An.,
Quar.
(A&en,
60.
Iss.,
23 :
250.
1906).
424
1908
1921
1925
1928
1950
syn.
CULEX
Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur. Palpus twice the length of clypeus, dark. Occiput with broad blackish scales, erect ones behind.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe brown. Mesonotum with reddish brown integument
and coppery scales ; dorsocentral and acrostichal setae apparently short. Scutellum
with yellowish integument. Pleura the color of mesonotum, lighter towards base ;
posterior pronotum with three setae on hind margin ; sternopleura with a row and
mesepimeron with a row of four or five upper and a single lower seta.
Legs dark, femora whitish ventrally.
Abdomen with tergites bronxy scaled and basolateral white spots.
Male - Proboscis dark brown, a little longer than fore femur. Palpus longer
than proboscis by the last two segments, dark except at apex of segments which
are lighter. Antenna densely plumose. Abdomen dark with narrow basal bands
of white scales.
Genitalia : (fig. 398). Basistyle subconical, twice the basal width ; columnar
process with seta a shorter, slender, slightly curved, b thicker and hooked at apex,
both inserted at same level ; upper division with a very long, distorted, hooked
seta, above a leaf with long stem, the apex broad and distinctly striate, preapically
a long foliaceous seta. Dististyle attenuated apically, the apex with minute dorsal
spiculosity. Claw a large and distinct leaf. Tenth sternite with a row of eight upper
teeth. Plate of mesosome with two apical horns. Ninth tergite with median space
concave, the lobes with a few slender setae ; they are short and inserted in tubercles.
Pupa - Bonne & Bonne-Wepster (1925) : - The pupa of this species has
very graceful black paddles.
398.
399.
Fig. 398. -
Culex (Melanoconion)
aikeni
(Aiken, 1906).
Male genitalia.
(Based
Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 (1) : pl. 1, fig. 2).
Fig. 399. -
Larva.
Head and terminal abdominal segments.
Mos. Am. fig. 292).
on
1928,
1,
425
Larva - (fig. 399). Head rounded, broad, much wider than long ; antennae
large, prominent, a large tuft beyond the middle, the part of shaft beyond this
slender ; spinulate throughout, three setae, a stout spine and a digit at tip. Upper
head-hairs five or six, lower single, ante-antenna1 tuft multiple. Skin pilose. Lateral comb of eight,h segment only two rows deep, the last row of very big spines.
Siphon rather slender, six times as long as wide, slightly curved beyond middle,
terminal hooks stout, five paired multiple tufts along posterior margin, about equal
in length, pecten within basal third of tube, the eight teeth increasing in length
apically. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; ventral brush well
developed. Four anal gills.
Type locality British
Guiana.
Type lost.
Distribution
Brasil,
Mexico
Panama
Guianas
Venezuela
Colombia
Culex
(Melanoconion)
1920
Culex
(Choeroporpa) Bonne-Wepster
1925
Dyar
& Shannon,
1925 Bonne
J. Wash.
& Bonne-Wepster,
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
1950
Roseboom
syn.
1920
Am.,
& Bonne,
AC. Sci.,
Mos.
Sm.,
15
Ins. Ins.
Men%., 7:
173
; 1921
Dyar,
ibd., 8: 62.
40.
298.
311.
& Komp,
An.
Culex maroniensas
8:
albinensis
Ent.
Sot.
Bonne-Wepster
Am.,
43
86.
& Bonne,
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
175
1920 Dyar,
ibd.,
62.
1924
Culex
1925
Culex
1928
Culex
maroniensis
Dyar,
Mos.
Am.,
18 :
369.
310.
Female Bonne & Bonne-Wepster mention the following characters : Proboscis blackish, thickened apically. Palpus one fifth the length of proboscis,
blackish. Occiput with whitish scales intermixed with black ones ; ocular setae
black.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe and mesonotum dark brown, covered with bronzy
brown scales and dark brown hairs. Scutellum the color of mesonotum. Pleura
brown.
Legs brown, femora pale ventrally.
Abdomen blackish, with lateral, basal triangular silvery white spots.
Mule - Coloration as in the female. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by the
length of the last joint. Two last joints and tip of long joint very hairy. Antennae
plumose, with long whorls of rather pale hairs.
Genitalia : (fig. 400). Basistyle with columnar process having the arms distorted, setae a and b divergent and deformed at apex ; upper division with a hooked
seta and a longish leaf basally, above with four foliaceous setae, at base a slender
seta. Dististyle slightly capitate at apex, serrate on upper distal portion, two
spicules below. Claw a blunt, subapical leaf. Mesosome smooth above, with a
single point on internal mesial portion. Ninth tergites with the lobes approximate,
slightly broader than long, the setae as long as lobe and moderately dense.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - (fig. 401). Head transverse, bulging at the sides ;
antennae large, a tuft at the outer third, the part beyond slender, basal part spiculate. Anteantennal tuft multiple. Body spicular. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of several large spines in a patch. Air-tube about six times as long as wide,
tapered basally ; pecten reaching basal third of tube ; five pairs of posterior
tufts, diminishing slightly in length outwardly.
Anal segment longer than wide,
spicular.
Type locality Surinam.
Types ??
Distribution Surinam
: Brad,
State of Amazonas.
Pig. 100. -
Fig. 401. -
Cucx (Mslaaoconion)
albinensis
Bonn@-Wepntet &
(Based on Dyer, 1928, Nos. Am., fig. 259).
Eonne,
1920.
LiNTa.
437
CULES
Culex
1918
Culex
Dyar.
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
1950
Roreboom
syn.
1927
Ins.
& Bonne
Mos.
Culex
Am.,
(Melanoconion)
Ins.
Mens.,
Wepster,
Mos.
126
Sw.,
alogistus
1924
Dyer,
ibd.,
Dytlr,
12
1918.
185.
308.
288.
& Komp,
An.
megapus
Root,
Ent.
Am.
Sot.
Am.,
J. Hyg..
43
87.
7 : 595.
Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate? swollen at tip, black. Occiput with flat black scales which take a white reflection, a white spot, on the side
below. Mesonotum with bronzy brown scales ; pleurae blackish or tinged with
green, come not very pale. Abdomen black with bronzy reflection ; large rounded
basal segment lateral white patches ; venter with the segments white at base,
black at tip, the white part joining with the lateral white to form very distinct
bands. Legs black with slight bronzy reflection, the femora pale below. Wing
scales stiffly linear, on the second to fourth veins outwardly narrowly ovate.
Male Coloration of the female. Palpi slender, exceeding the proboscis
by about the length of the last two joints, black.
Genitalia : (fig. 402). Basistyle with columnar process having the arms distorted, setae a and b divergent and deformed at apex ; upper division with a hooked
long seta and a short pointed one, above them another hooked seta and a leaflike
one, followed by four foliaceous setae. Dististyle with apex very slightly capitatc
and serrate on upper margin, below two spicules. Claw leaflike and subterminal.
Mesosome with a small point on one end of apex and a longer one on the other,
in the middle a small curved point. Ninth tergite with the lobes approximate,
broader than long, with an inner protuberance which is higher than the outer one
that bears very long set&e, the rest with short setae.
Fig.
402.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
Rozeboom
& Kemp,
alogiaius
Dptr,
1930,
An. Ent.
Sot.
1918.
Am.,
ZIiale
43:
fig.
genitalia.
5).
(Eased
on
428
CULEX
Culex
(Melanoconion)
innovator
Evans, 1924.
403.
Big. 403.
Fig. 404. -
404.
Evans, 1924.
Male genitalia.
except 9th. tergites which are based on Rozeboom & Komp, 1950.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
innovator
segments.
(Based
Original
on Root,
1927,
Larva Root (1927) : - (fig. 404). Antennae with the tuft outwardly
placed, the part beyond slender. Anterior pair of dorsal head hairs fairly long and
single, posterior pair shorter and double, ante-antenna1 hairs multiple.
Lateral
hairs of third abdominal segment in threes, of abdominal segment 4 to 6 in twos.
Lateral comb of eighth segment an irregularly single row of from 9 to 12 scales.
429
Individual comb scales long, slender, slightly curved, swollen near base. One of
the dorsal hairs of the anal segment long and single, the other shorter, with about
three unequal branches. Lateral hair of anal segment very small, three-branched,
arising near the dorsal hairs. Air-tube not quite three and one half times as long
as wide, pecten occupying basal third and consisting of about 8 long, slender teeth,
with delicate fringing points all along their ventral sides. Air-tube with about 8
pairs of long, ventral hair tufts, none displaced, each made up of 4 or 5 hairs. Tip
of air-tube with a pair of strong, branched hooks dorsally. Integument of larva
very faintly short-pilose, the pile more conspicuous on the thorax.
Brad,
State of Amazonas, River Amazons. Type in
Type locality L. S. T. M.
Distribution - Bra&l,
States of Amazonas and Rio de Janeiro.
Culex
1935
Culez Roaeboom,
boom
& Kemp,
(Melanoconion)
An.
ibd.,
Ent.
Sot.
43 :
96.
Am!,
28
rooti
251
Rozeboom, 1935.
ibd., 29 : 266 ;
1936 Roreboom,
1950 Roze-
Female Unknown.
Male - Adult similar to C. pilosus (Rozeboom).
Genitalia : (fig. 405). Basistyle with columnar process with divergent arms,
setae a and b long and deformed at apex ; two broad leaves inserted between
these setae ; upper division with a hooked seta and a short pointed one, between
them a long broad, flat leaf ; a pointed seta above followed by three foliaceous setae and a pointed one. Mesosome drawn out into two long points at apex, one of
them bifid, in the middle another long point on one side. Ninth tergite with the
405.
406.
Fig.
405.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
rooti
Rozeboom,
basistyle,
dististyle,
mesosome and ninth
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot. Am., 43 (1)
pl.
1935.
tergite.
12, fig.
Fig.
406.
Pupa.
dorsal.
Tube
and
abdominal
segments,
Male genitalia.
Upper
lobe of
(Based
on Rozeboom
& Komp,
74).
Original.
lobes fused and having a rod like structure above, bearing an internal long basal
sets, basally with a few slender setae.
Pupa - (fig. 406). Tube darker at base, slightly flared at apex-. Abdominal
sets B on segment IV shorter than the segment,,multiple, in V with three branches,
in VI with two branches, both of them longer than segment. Hair A of segments
VII and VIII short and multiple. Paddle nearly three times the length of segment
VIII, the terminal spicule short.
Larva - (fig. 407). Head broader than long ; hairs as in figure. Antenna
with the tuft on outer third, spiculoseat base.
Fig.
407.
C&x
(iMclanoeonion)
rooti
Rozeboom,
lY::Z.
Lrtwn.
Original.
Cdex
Komp,
1950 Rozeboom
syn.
(Melanoconion)
Psych&
& Komp,
29
An.
1945
C&z
(MeZanoconton)
1945
Culez
(Melanoconion)
Ininii,
112
Ent.
Sot.
portesi
Am.,
Senevet
cayennensis
1932.
43
97.
& Abonnenc,
Floch
&
Ar.
Abonnenc,
Ins.
Ins.
Pasteur
Pasteur
Al&e,
Guyane
19
41.
et Ter.
:4.
M&
vomeriferlKomp,
7Q.
Komp (1932) : -
Unknown.
CULES
431
at the bases of the abdomiral segments. Legs all black. Palpi with the last two
joints exceeding the proboscis, and clothed with rather long stiff hairs.
Genitalia : (fig. 408). Basistyle with columnar process elongate, seta a inserted a little below b both sinuous and deformed at apex, two spicules at base of
process ; upper division with a hooked seta and a pointed shorter one, a leaf and
two foliaceous setae besides a very broad striate leaf inserted more basally, beyond
a slender sets. Dististyle strongly curved, carinate on mesial dorsal portion, two
spicules apically in the middle. Claw subapical, broad, leaflike. Mesosome drawn
into a beak on one side and with a curved point in the other. Ninth tergite with
the lobes broader than high, with sparse, moderate setae.
Type locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Panama:
French
Guiana.
Fk.
408. -
Culex (Melanoconion)
vomerifer
Kemp, 1932.
Tdale genitalin.
Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, -411. Ent. Sot. .Ym., 43: fig. 89).
Culex
(Melanoconion)
putumayensis
(Based
on
Matheson, 1934.
1945
Culez
carernicolus
1.
432
CULEX
Pig.
409.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
on Matheson,
1934,
putumayensis
Proc.
Ent.
Sot.
Matheson,
Wash.,
1934.
36
(5)
Male genitalia.
121).
(Based
Culex
1920
1928
1935
1950
syn.
(Melanoconion)
433
L E X
ybarmis
Dyar,
1920.
Culex Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 8 : 57 ; 1923 Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, id., 11 : 125, 126.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 302.
Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash.. 37 : 57.
Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 97.
1920 Culez jonistes Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 8 : 76 ; 1923 Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, id., 11:
125, 126.
1928 C. jonistes Dyar, Mos. Am., 350.
1935 C. jonistes Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 37 : 57.
Dig. 410. -
-234
margin of capitate portion, with two spicules. Claw long, broadened apically and
subapical. Mesosome distally drawn out in three points, one of them curved. Nnth
tergit,es with the lobts approximate, quite broader than long, moundlike and with
sparse, short setae.
/iarz~~ - Dyar (1928) : -- Head transverse, rounded, quadrate, the sides
bulging ; antennae large, a large tuft at outer t,hird, the part beyond slender.
Head-hairs single, upper small, lower large. Lateral comb of the eighth segment
of many large spines in a triangular patch. Air-tube long, slightly tapered, six
times as long as widtl : perten of long spines reaching one-third, the last one widely
spaced.
Paramaribo.
Type in U. S. S. NY.
Type locality Surinam,
Jrkstrihrtion Surinam
: Brasil, State of Amazonas.
Culex
1906
Culex
1915
Howard,
(Melanoconion)
Dyar
& Knab,
Dyar
1918
Dyar,
1925
Bonne
Ins.
1928
Dyar,
1935
Komp,
1950
Rozeboom
hyn.
1920
1921
Proc.
& Knab,
In?.
&lens,
Mos.
Am.,
Proc.
Biol.
Mon.,
6
Bs Bonne-Wepster,
125 ;
Sot.
Wash.,
170.
id.,
1920
SW.,
Dyar,
68.
320.
Ent.
Culex
vapulans
(pro
parte)
Culex
aZ_faroi Dyar,
Ins.
Bonne
: G.
Sot.
Am.,
and
Ins.
An.
Culex
Mans.,
Trop.
& Bonne-Wepster,
43
87.
zivilis Dyar,
9
Ins.
C. vapulans,
xivilas
and
innominatus
& Abonnenr,
IWed.
& Par.,
18
Sur.,
284.
Mos.
Komp,
Ar.
Ins.
Mew.,
8 : 69, 78.
34.
1906.
: 424.
37
An.
cti&x
19
Wash.,
& Knab,
Dyar
321.
Ent.
& Kemp,
Culex
Sot.
3
Mos.
hastagarius
Proc.
Ins.
Ent.
Pasteur
363.
318,
Sot.
Al&k,
322,
331.
Wash.,
37
: 6.
17 : 89.
sternites wit,h six teeth. Sinth tergites broader than high, nearly united above,
finelv pilosc.
_
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 412). Head broader than long, integument, unicolorous : hair
A simple, 7 multiple and with seven feathered branches. Antenna slightly darker
at base, spiculose, the tuft beyond middle, apex ending in three long sctac and a
shorter one.
411.
Fig.
411.
-l12.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
Original.
baktagarius
T)~;IY
Knnh.
1906.
eeuitalin.
N;rlv
Bra&l.
Culex
1985
Culex
Kemp,
i1n.
(_Melanoconion)
Ent.
Sot.
Am.,
28
jubifer
Kemp,
1935.
& Kemp,
ibd.,
43
92.
Genitalia : (fig. 473). Basistyle with columnar process having seta a inserted
a little below b, blunt and expanded at apex ; seta b thickened apically and hooked ;
upper division wit.h a long spatulate seta, a hooked one, a shorter pointed one, a
hooked one, a pointed one and a striate leaf inserted separately. Dististyle capitate
at apex, with a group of setae forming a tuft, followed by relatively long setae
nearly to apex, a long and two short spicules. Claw terminal, expanded. Mesosome with two points at apex, one on each side, the internal point curved the ext,ernal longer and straight. Ninth tergite with the lobe thumblike, nearly twice as
long as broad, with short retrose, slender setae.
lype locality - Panama.
Type in U. S. S. M.
llistribution Panama.
Fig.
373.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
jubifer
Komp,
1935.
&Tale genitalia.
Basisty!e,
distis tyle, mesosome
and ninth
tergite.
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot. Am., 43:
92).
(Based
on Rozeboom
& Komp,
1918
Culex Dyar,
Ins. IIX.
1924
Evans,
Trop.
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
Culex
An.
Med.
Komp,
1939
Sencvet
1950
Rozeboom
syn.
1920
Am.,
Proc.
;
18 :
123
Mos.
Sur.,
Dyar,
dunni
1923 Dyer,
id..
11
177, 188
1918.
;
1924 Dyar,
id., 12
183.
373.
267.
340.
Ent.
Sot.
& Abonnenc,
& Komp,
id.,
C. ensijormis
Wash.,
Ar.
An.
Culez ensijormis
& Bonne,
& Par.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
1936
1925
(Melanoconion)
Mens.,
Ins.
Ent.
37
Sot.
Bonne-Wepster
11
Bonne
: 8;
Pasteur
1936
Komp,
AlgBrle,
Am.,
id.,
38
65.
43 : 89.
& Bonne,
126.
& Bonne-Wepster,
17 : 80.
Mos.
Sur.,
271.
176
1923 Bonne-Wepster
437
CULEX
1927
Culex
1928
C. rujjinis
exedrus
Dyar,
1935
C.
Kemp,
tujjinis
Root,
Am.
Mos.
J.
Hyg.,
Am.,
341.
Proc.
Ent.
Sot.
580.
Wash.,
37
8.
Fig.
415.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
dunni
Dyar,
1918.
Ikfale
genitalia.
Original.
438
C U L
Pupa - (fig. 416). Tube long, constricted in the middle, flared at apex, basally blackish. Abdomen with hair B on segment IV five branched, on VTfour branched, on VI double, on these segments as long as them ; hair C on segment IV and
V a little shorter than segment and four branched, on VI still shorter. Paddle twice
as long as segment VIII.
Pig.
Fig.
416.
417.
416.
417.
Culer
(Melanoconion)
segments,
dorsal.
dunni
hrv-n.
Head
and
terminal
Dyar,
Pupa.
1915.
abdominal
Tulle
and
abdominal
segments.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - (fig. 417). Head transverse, bulging on t$e sides.
Antennae large, a tuft at the outer third, the part beyond not much more slender,
spinulated, infuscat,ed throughout. Head-hairs, upper a tuft of three or more, lower
a single long, hair, anteantennal tuft multiple.
Prothoracic hair formula 1. ? . a tuft - 2 - 1.1.3. Lateral comb of segment,
VIII a patch of scales. Siphon seven times broadest width, the pecten on basal
third followed by six tufts which are short. Segment ringed by the plate, dorsal
tuft (1 + 2).
Type locaZit?y- Panama.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution -
Panama:
Colombia:
Surinam:
French
Guiana:
Brad.
Note
elements.
Culex
1918
Culex Dyar,
177,
188 ;
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
1950
Rozeboom
Ins.
(Melanoconion)
Ins. Mew,
1925 Dyer,
id.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Am.,
6
13
Mos.
:
:
122
zeteki
1921 Dyar
169.
Sur
267.
339.
& Kemp,
An.
Ent.
Pee.
Am.,
43
Dyar,
& Ludlow,
: (38.
id., 9
1918.
:
47 ; 1923 Dysr,
id.,
11
syn.
1925
CuZex Zotu~w
1928
C. loturus
DYEIT. Ins.
1935
C. lolu~.us Komp,
Dyar,
Mos.
Proc.
Ins.
Am.,
Ent.
lkiens..
13
214.
342.
Sot.
Wash.,
37 :
9.
41s.
Fig.
418.
Culex
Fig.
419.
Culex
(Mclanoconion)
genitalia.
Original.
(Mclanoco~tion)
440
CULEX
Culex
1920
1921
1925
1928
1950
(Melanoconion)
commevynensis
Bonne-Wepster
Culex Bonne-Wepster
Dyar & Lu;llow, Ins.
Bonne & Bonne-Wepster, Mos. Sur., 271.
Dyar, Mos. Am., 340.
Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 47 : 89.
syn. 1915 Culex agitator Howard, Dyar & Knab (pro parte), Mon., 3
384.
Female Unknown.
Male - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip, brown. Palpi
exceeding it by the length of the last two joints. Occiput with pale golden, narrow,
curved scales, flat white scales on the sides. Mesonotum brown, with pale golden,
narrow, curved scales on anterior half, brown ones posteriorly ; pleurae brown.
Abdomen black with coppery reflection, the segments with basal white bands ;
venter banded, the segments whitish at bases. Legs dark brown with coppery
reflection, the femora pale below, tips of femora and tibiae pale. Wing-scales outwardly broadly ovate.
Genitalia : (fig. 419). Basistyle with a single seta on columnar process, with
two slender additional setae, all of them pointed ; upper division with a large leaf,
a curved seta and two small, slender ones below the leaf. Mesosome elongate without teeth and as in the figure. Ninth tergite with the lobes removed, the median
space slightly concave, the lobes elongate and with short, slender setae.
Pupa - (fig. 420). Tube very long, slender, slightly flared at apex, blackish
at base.
Fig. 420. -
Culex
(Melanoconion)
con~mevynensi~
Bonne-Wepster
Original.
& Bonne,
1920.
Pupa.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
limacifer
Komp, 1936.
Unknown.
l?ig.
421.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
Original.
441
Bonne-Wepster
commevynensis
&
Bonne,
1920.
Larva.
Culex
1936
Culex
(Melanoconion)
Senevet,
1950 Rozeboom
Ar.
& Komp,
Ins.
An.
Pasteur
Ent.
madininensis
Alghie,
Sot.
Am.,
14
Senevet, 1936.
129.
43 : 92.
442
Genitalia
: (fig. 423).
Basistyle with
E X
setaea and b deformed at apex ; upper division a column with a leaf and three foliaceous setae at tip. Dististyle capitate at apex, serrate on its upper margin, with
t,wo spicules. Claw short, expanded. Mesosome with a lat#eral arm, serrate on its
upper margin.
Type locality - Martinique.
Type in Institut Pasteur AlgBrie ?
Disfdm tim Martinique.
422.
423.
Culex
Eig.
42:;.
1927
1928
1939
1950
Cu2e.c:
Root, Am. J. Hyg., 7 : 593.
Dyar, pulos.Am., 320.
Sevenet & Abonnenc, Ar. Ins. Pasteur AlgOrie, 17
Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 91.
Cules
19:36.
genitalia.
(Melanoconion)
limacifer
.Mnle
422.
Culex
(Melanoconim~)
Komy.
Yig.
madininensis
(Melanoconion)
evausae
Root,
1927.
: 86.
Female - Dyar (1928) : - (Proboscis missing. Occiput missing.) Mesonot>um blackish, with narrow, curved, dark brown scales ; pleurae dark, tinged with
greeii. Abdomen black with bronzy reflection, small basal segmental lateral white
spots ; venter banded, the segments narrowly white at their bases. Wing scales
linear, ovate broadly outwardly on second to fourth veins. Legs black with bronzy
reflection, the femora whitish below.
hIale - Head : Proboscis and palpus dark, palpus surpassing proboscis by
the length of the last two segments. Antenna as long as proboscis, moderately
plumose. Occiput with broad scales mixed with forked ones.
Thorax with brown integument,. Mesonotum dark brown ; covered with
coppery scales ; dorsocentral setae long and appressed. Mid lobe of scutellum white
scaled.
Legs dark except femora internally and femoro tibia1 joints which are white
scaled.
Abdomen dark with basolateral white spots.
Genitalia : (fig. 424). Basistyle ovate ; apical lobe wit.h the columnar process
with setae a and b divergent, deformed and hooked at apex ; upper division with
seta c hooked at apex, followed by a shorter seta, then four foliaceous setae and a
large leaf. Dististyle attenuated in t,he middle, capitate at apex, its upper margin
serrate and wit,h an internal spicule. Claw developed and expanded. Mesosome
IA E
443
with the upper portion serrate, elongate and with two points on lateral margins,
one of them blunt, the other pointed. Ninth tergite with the lobes close together,
ovate, with moderate setae.
Pupa (fig. 425). Tube cylindrical, not, expanded at tip with a dark ring
before base.
424.
Fig.
Fig.
424.
425.
Culex
1927,
Pupa.
423.
(Melanucox~ion)
Am. J. Hyg.,
Tubes
and
7:
evansac
fig. 21).
abdominal
Eoot. 1927.
Xlalc.
segments,
dowal.
renitulin.
(7hwI
on
Original.
Abdominal segments with hair B on III single and a little shorter than segment ; IV a rosette like tuft, V three branched, VI double and both of them longer
than segment ; C in rosette like multiple tufts on segments III to V. Tuft A on
VII and VIII
multiple and short. Paddle multiple and twice t,he length of segment VIII.
Larva - (fig. 426). Head broader t,han long, with darker patches ; hairs as
in figure. Antenna spiculose on basal two thirds, the tuft on outer third.
Body spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula ?.2.1 - 2 ?.1.3 - 2. Lateral
comb of segment, VIII of many scales in a patch. Siphon nearly six times as long
as broad, darker on one side and on a ring beyond the middle ; pecten on basal
third followed by six pairs of multiple tufts. Anal segment longer than wide,
ringed by the plate, spiculose dorsoposteriorly ; dorsal hairs (1 + 2) ; lateral
hair double, minute.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro. Type in U. S. K. M.
Distribu2ion - Brasil,
States of Rio de Janeiro, Piaui and Nate Grosso.
444
CULEX
Fig.
426.
Culex
1920
Culex
Dyar.
Ins.
1928
Dyer,
Mos.
Am.,
1935
Komn,
1950
Rozeboom
Culex
Proc.
(Melanoconion)
evan~ae
(Melanoconion)
Ins.
Mens.,
61.
37
Root,
1927.
phlogistus
Larva.
Original.
Dyar,
1920.
390.
Ent.
& Komp,
Sot.
Wash.,
An.
Ent.
Sot.
5.
Am.,
43 : 94.
Fern& - Proboscis as long as fore femur. Palpus twice the length of clypeus. Occiput with broad white scales and dark ones mixed with black forked ones,
the white ones predominate on the sides.
Thorax : Mesonotum with dark brown integument ; covered with coppery
scales ; dorsocentral setae long and appressed. Scutellum coppery scaled.
Legs dark, femora white internally, femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal joints white.
Abdomen dark ; tergites with large basolateral white spots nearly forming
bands.
Male - Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of the last two segments,
dark. Antenna as long as proboscis and plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 427). Basistyle ovate ; apical lobe with columnar process
elongate, ending in two slightly divergent setae which are curved, hooked and one
inserted quite below the other, seta b frequently but not always inserted on a thickened base ; upper division with seta c long, hooked and followed by a slender
seta ; there is a space between these setae and those of apex ; another foliaceous
seta is placed near three of these, there is also a large leaf. Dististyle narrowed
beyond the middle, capitate at apex, upper margin pilose. Claw large and expanded.
Mesosome with the upper portion less sclerotised and serrate above, there is a
curved projection on one side and a point on the other. Ninth tergite with the
median space slightly convex, the lobes rounded and with long and dense hairs.
I2
445
427.
l?ig.
427.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
Fig.
428.
Pupa.
Abdominal
428.
phlogistus
segments,
Dyar,
dorsal.
1920.
Xale
genitalia.
Original.
Original.
Body nude. Prothoracic ha.ir formula 1.1.5 (in a single sclerite) - 1 - 1.1.3/4.
Abdomen with the scales of segment VIII in a patch of several rows. Siphon four
times basal width, attenuated, the pecten reaching basal third, with six irregularly
placed tufts beyond pecten. Anal segment ringed by the plate, spiculose on hind
margin ; dorsal setae (2 + 3) : lateral set,a of five or six small hairs.
Type locality Surinam.
Type in U. S. K. M.
Distribz&on -- Surinam
: Venezuela
: Panama : Brasil.
Culex
1927
Culex
Root,
1950
Rozeboom
Am.
(Melanoconion)
J.
Hyg.,
& Kemp,
-42.
3 :
Ent.
Oedipus
Root,, 1927.
309.
Ser.
Am.,
43 :
91.
Fig.
429.
Culex
Fig.
430.
Culer
(Melanoconion)
011 Ro7rhoom
K- Kemp,
(Mrdanucu~~ion)
us&pus
Root,
plectoporpe
1950,
An.
11127.
Root,
Xnt.
1\1;1lts genitalia.
1927.
Xale
80~. AIm., 43
genitalia.
(1)
figs.
(Both
based
60 and 67).
Culex
1927
(Melanoconion)
C&es
Root,
Am.
J. Hyg.,
Mos.
Am.,
312.
1928
Dyar,
1939
Senevet
1950
Rozeboom
& Abonnenc,
& Komp,
Ar.
Ins.
An.
Root, 1927.
plectoporpe
: 589.
Pasteur
Ent.
Sot.
AlgGrie,
Am.,
17
83.
: 93.
43
Culex
1906
Culex
1915
Howard,
1918
Dyar,
Ins.
Mos.
Am.,
1935
Komp,
1936
Lane,
1945
Wirth,
Dyar
Dyar
J. N.
& Knab,
Ins. Mens.,
I.
Mon.,
106
elevator
Ent.
Sot.,
14
217.
414.
1920 Dyer,
id., 8
60
1923 Dy:u.,
id.,
13
173
1928 Dyer.
308.
Proc.
Rev.
Ent.
Mus.
Proc.
1950 Rozeboom
syn.
(Melanoconion)
& Knab,
Ent.
Sot.
Wash.,
Paul.,
Sot.
& Komp,
1915
Culex
apaleticus
1924
Culex dornurrcm
20
Wash.,
An.
Ent.
Howard,
Dyar
37
: 5;
1936
Komp,
id.,
38
64.
180.
47
Sot.
202.
Am.,
Dyar
& Shannon,
43
& Knab,
Ins.
91.
(pro
Ins.
parte),
Mens.,
12
Mon.,
46
321.
; 1925 Dyar,
id.,
13
173.
448
1926
Culex
curryi
Dyar,
Ins.
1928
C. dornarum
Dyar,
Mos.
1939
Culex
1945
C. bonnetti
bonnetti
1948
Culex
Senevet
Floch
Ins.
Mens.,
Am.,
vogelsangi
IA E
14
112.
308.
& Abonnenc,
& Abonnenc,
(Melanoconion)
Ins.
Ar.
Ins.
Pasteur
Anduze,
Pasteur
Guyane
Bol.
Ent.
AlnBrie,
et Inini,
Ven.,
16
110
: 187.
: 1.
62.
Fig.
431.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
elevator
Dyar
&
Knab,
1906.
Male
genitalia.
Original.
foliaceous setae. Dististyle two t,hirds the length of basistyle, capitate at apex,
serrate on upper margin. Claw terminal and expanded. Meaosome with a long
median point nearly at right angles to it, expanded above and with serrations on
top. Ningth tergite with lobes approximate, rounded but broader t,han high, with
slender setae inserted on distinct tubercles.
Unknown.
Pupa Larva - Dyar (1928) : - (fig. 432). Head transverse, bulging on the sides ;
antennae large, a large tuft at outer third, the part beyond slender, the basal part
spinulated, terminal spines long. Head hairs as in figure.
Fig.
432.
Culex
(Melanocooion)
elevator
Dyar
Knab,
1906.
JlrtlWi.
Original.
Culex
1920
Culez
Dyar,
Ins.
Mos.
Am.,
1928
Dyar,
1935
Kemp,
1950
Rozeboom
Proc.
(Melanoconion)
Ins.
Mens.,
terebor
Dyar, 1920.
56.
304.
Ent.
& Komp.
Soo. Wwh.,
An.
Ent.
37 : 9.
Sot.
Am.,
43 : 97.
450
CULEX
Fig.
433.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
basistyle,
Fig.
434.
Culex
Root,
1950 Rozeboom
Dyar,
1920.
Male
and ninth
tergite.
genitalia.
Upper
lobe
of
Male
genitalia.
Cpper
lobe of
dyius
Root,
1927.
(Both
based on Rozeboom
dististyle,
mesosome
and ninth
tergite.
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot. Am.,
43 (1)
figs.
52 and 27).
Culex
Culex
mesosome
(Melanoconion)
basistyle,
& Komp,
1927
terebor
dististyle,
Am.
(Melanoconion)
J. Hyg.,
& Komp,
An.
7
Ent.
dyius
Root, 1927.
587,
Sot.
Am.,
43 :
90.
451
CULES
Culex
(Melanoconion)
rabanicolus
1939 Culez Floch & Abonnenc, Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Ter. Inini, 120
Fig. 435. -
(Melanoconion)
rabanicolus
Floch & Abonnenc, 1939.
Nale
(Based on Rozeboom k Komp, 1950, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 (1)
12, fig. 73).
Culex
genitalia.
110, pl.
and four foliaceous setae. Mesosome with a point on each side. Ninth tergites subtriangular, setose at apex, the setae moderate.
Type locality - French Guiana, Raban. Type in Institut Pasteur Guyane.
Distribution - French Guiana.
452
CULEX
Culex
1920
1925
1928
1950
(Melanoconion)
nicceriensis
Culex
(_Melanoconion)
pilosus
_______________
IT
I,
453
-_. --
-_ _____.__.__-__~-
384,
390,
399,
402,
408.
Culrx
(Melanoconion)
Male genitalia.
Fig. 437. --
Terminal
piiosus
(Dgar
& Knah,
1906).
Original.
ahdominal segments.
Original.
177
1923 C. floridanus
Male genitalia.
Originnl.
454
CULEX
1923
C. floridanus
1924
Culex
Dyar,
1925
C. curopinensis,
1939
Culex
colombiensis
radiatus
Proc.
Dyar,
U.
Mens.,
and
reductor
& Abonnenc,
emus., fi2
Ins.
hesitater
Senevet
S. Nat.
Ins.
12
Bonne
Ar.
11.
184.
& Bonne-Wepster,
Ins.
Pasteur
Alghie,
Mos.
17
Sur.,
311,
313.
120.
Female - Head : Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark. Palpus twice the
length of clypeus. Antenna filiform and longer than proboscis. Occiput covered
with blackish scales having white luster and erect, forked ones.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe dark brown. Mesonotum light brown, with light
brown scales ; dorsocentrals very long. Scutellum with 4-6-4 setae. Pleura with
four mesepimeral setae and two posterior pronotal ones.
Legs dark except femora and tibiae ventrally as well as femoro tibia1 and
tibio tarsal joints which are whitish.
Bbdomen dark, with (sometimes without) basal white bands. Spermathecae
three, the median one larger.
Male - Proboscis one fifth longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of the last two segments which are pilose. Antenna about
the length of proboscis, moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 436). Basistyle nearly as broad as high, rounded ; apical
lobe with columnar process having setae a and b divergent and ending in a hook,
a inserted more internally than b ; upper division in two branches, the first with
a hooked leaf and three foliaceous ones ; the second with three very united leaves.
Dist,istyle attenuated in the middle, the distal portion capitate, pilose on upper
margin, with a spicule. Claw expanded. Mesosome with three apical points besides
another one on the inferolateral margin, the upper points striate. Ninth tergites
with the median space concave and spiculose, the lobes slender, elongate and in a
sparsely pilose point.
Pupa - (fig. 437). Tube elongate, darker beyond the middle, little expanded
at apex. Cephalothoracic seta.e with a single long, multiple one.
Abdomen slight,ly sclerotixed in the first four abdominal segments. Seta A
long on segment II, on III-VI
short and multiple, on VII longer and double, in
VIII with three or four filaments ; seta B small on segment III, developed and in
a t,uft on segment II, in V and VI double and longer than respective segment ;
hair C developed and in a tuft on segments IV-VI.
Paddle broad and ending in
two spicules, one of them longer.
Larva - (fig. 438). Head broader than long. Hair 4 very small and double,
5 double, 6 simple, 7 with about five feathered branches. Antenna long, curved,
darker at base, spiculose, the tuft developed and beyond the middle, ending in two
long setae, a slender and a shorter one.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula, 1.1.3 1. 1.1.2. - 2. Abdomen
with a row of ten slender and pointed scales in a line on segment VIII.
Siphon
three times as long as basal width, the pect,en formed by about twelve scales and
nine tufts placed from nearly the base to apex. Anal segment ringed by the plate
and with a long, dorsal seta and another short one, followed by another long one ;
lateral seta small, triple. Gills very long and slender.
Type locality Mexico,
Sta. Lucrecia. Type in U. S. X. M.
Distribution U. S. A. : Panama
: Colombia:
Venezuela
: Mexico :
Honduras
: Equador
: Costa Rica
Cuba : Jamaica
: Salvador : Bra&l.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
Surinam
C&es
1925
Bonce
Bonne-Wepster
& Bonne,
& Bonne-Wepster,
1928
Dyar,
1950
Rozeboom
Mos.
Am.,
Mos.
Ins.
hr.,
Ins.
Mens.,
305.
304.
& Kemp,
An.
Ent.
Sot.
Am.,
43
96.
172
Guiana
Antilles
Bonne-Wepster
saramaccensis
French
1920
Dear,
id.,
8 :
59.
Fig.
43K.
Culex
terminal
(Melanoconion)
segments
pilosus
of
abdomen.
JJ E
455
Dyar
&
Original.
Knab,
1906.
Larva.
Head
and
Female Proboscis blackish, longer than fore femur. Palpus twice the
length of clypeus, blackish. Antenna with blackish torus, flagellum as long as
proboscis. Occiput with blackish scales.
Thorax dark brown. Pronotal lobe dark brown. Mesonotum and scutellum
covered with bronzy scales.
Legs dark, femora whitish underneath.
Abdomen blackish, with small basolateral white spots.
Male - Bonne & Bonne-Wepster (1925) : - Coloration as in the female.
Palpi long, about as long as the proboscis with very few hairs on the last segments.
Antennae with moderately long hair-whorls, but more plumose than in the female.
Stems of the fork cells longer. Claws indrstinct.
Hypopygium : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, tips conically tapered,
a divided prominence on outer half ; outer division of prominence with a single,
terminal filament, free from the other, its tip hooked ; inner division of prominence
with a stout, terminal, straight rod and a slender, curved one with hooked tip at
its base. Tenth sternites slender throughout, tips comb-shaped, with about eight
teeth. One of the mesosomal plates triangular, concave at apical margin, inner
limb small, pointed tooth-like, outer broad, rounded.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva Head rounded, widest through eyes. Antennae large, spicular, a
large tuft at apical third, the part beyond slender. Two subapical, long harrs ;
two apical short hairs and a digit. Head-hairs in twos or single ; moderate. Anteantenna1 hairs in fives. Body very hairy. Air-tube moderate, cylindrical, six times
CULEX
456
- --____
-_
_.
_~
__
__
as long as wide, tapering on basal half, slightly curved ; five pairs of long ventral
tufts, gradually diminishing in length, the basal ones longer than half of the tube.
A few additional, small, subdorsal tufts. Pecten of about twelve teeth on basal
two fiftjhs of the tube reaching beyond the first ventral t,uft, each tooth with very
fine serrations on one side. Two hooks at the apex of the tube. Comb of the eighth
segment of many, very large, spines in three rows, each spine with a big central
tooth and a lateral fringe. Anal segment longer than wide, spicular-pilose, dorsally
t,wo long hairs and two short hairs on each side. Ventral brush well developed,
confined to the barred area. 14nal gills longer than the segment.
Type ZocaEitySurinam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribut?on Surinam .
Culex
(Melanoconion)
flabellifer
323
Komp, 1936.
Fig. 439. -
CJex (Melanoconion)
flabellifer
Komp, 1936.
Male genitalia.
Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, An. Ent. SW. .im.,
43 (1) : fig. 36).
(Based
on
Type locality
--
Disltibution
Culex
Panama,
Mexico :
(Melanoconion)
1920
CuZex Bonne-Wepster
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
1950
Rozeboom
Am.,
& Bonne,
Ins.
Mos.
Sur..
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Ins.
Mens.,
171
1921
Dyar,
id.,
8 : 58.
29C.
302.
& Komp,
An.
Ent.
Sot.
Am.,
43
86.
Female - Bonne & Bonne-Wepster (1925) : --- Proboscis very long, slender,
swollen at tip. Vestiture black. Labellae paler with a few small hairs. Palpi
short, hairy, one-sixth as long as the proboscis. Antennae dark, rugose, pilose,
with moderately long hair-whorls.
Clypeus rounded, dark.
Occiput densely
clothed with yellowish brown, upright forked and narrow curved scales medianly,
with flat, greyish-white scales on the sides.
Prothoracic lobes yellowish black, with hairs and some dark scales. Mesonotum shining yellowish grey, with a very narrow black median line, clothed with
a few rows of hairs and numerous, very long and narrow curved, black scales with
strong golden yellowish luster, which makes them look like pale yellow scales
in certain lights and black in others. Two narrow, submedian, bare lines. Scutellum
pale shining, trilobed, each lobe with a few hairs. Vestiture as on the mesonotum.
Postnotum pale, nude, with a black, median line. Pleurae and coxae pale greenish
brown.
Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, truncate. Dorsal vestiture black with
blue and coppery reflections, pale apical hairs. A row of short, yellow hairs on
the apex of each segment. A few dull white scales on the sides of the segments
basally, forming small obscure, lateral spots. Venter paler than the dorsal surfaae
without distinct bands.
Wings . . . . Haltere pale.
Legs bronzy brown. Femora paler beneat,h basally.
Male Coloration as in the female. Palpi long, exceeding the proboscis
by the length of the two last joints. Two last joints and tip of long joint hairy.
Antennae plumose, with long hair-whorls, white on the internodes. . . .
Hypopygium : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tips conically tapered
a prominence on outer third, consist,ing of two portions, basal portion slender with
a long, curved rod at its apex and a straight rod at, its extreme base, tips of rods
hooked ; outer portion with a rod with hooked t,ip, four stout setae half as long
as the rod and a large leaf, exceeding in length the rod ; at, the base of the outer
portion there is another long rod present. Clasper stout, with straight, basal half
and broadened, snout-like, apical portion, subterminally a flattened, appendiculate
claw is present, outer margin of snout-like portion roughened, two setae present
on separate peduncles. Tenth sternites with very slender stem, tip broadened with
a comb of very fine, hair-like teeth, a short, seta on a peduncle before apex. One
of the mesosomal plates with slender, short, base, apical part widened with a deep
incision from tip to middle, incision leaving two teeth, inner one sharp, curved and
strongly chitinized, outer one straight and bluntly rounded at tip. T,obes of ninth
tergite setose.
Pupa Unknown.
Larva - (fig. 440). Head broader than long, hairs as in figure. Antenna with
the tuft at outer third, ending in three long and one short setae.
Body minutely spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.X - 2 - 1.1.2. Siphon
darkened, four and a half times the broadest widt,h, the pecten beyond basal
third followed by four, short, multiple tufts. Anal segment darkened, broader
than long ; dorsal setae (1 + 2). Comb of segment VIII of three rows of scales.
Type locality -. Surinam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Surinam.
Fig.
440.
1920
Culex
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
Culex
(Melanoconion)
Culex
Dynr,
(Melanoconion)
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Am.,
Proc.
Bonne-Wepster
alcocci
Mos.
& Bonnr,
1920.
Larw
Originsi.
Dyar, 1920.
comminutor
70.
Sur.,
286.
322.
1935
Komp,
1939
Senevet
Ent.
Sot.
1950
Rozeboom
syn.
1928
Culex
1936
C. distinguendus
Lane,
1936
C. distinguendus
Komp,
1936
C. alcocci
1939
Culex
& Abonnenc,
& Komp,
Wash.,
Ar.
An.
distinguenclus
Lane
productus
(net
Ins.
Ent.
60.
Sot.
Dyar,
Algtkie,
Am.,
Mos.
Ins.
Ent.
Rev.
17
87.
43 : 89.
Am.,
Hyg.,
Proc.
Dyar),
Senevet
Pasteur
30E.
S. Paulo,
Sot.
Mus.
& Abonnenc,
Bol.
Wash.,
Paul.,
Ar.
Ins.
20
60
38
12.
64.
189.
P&eur
AlgBrie,
17
87.
459
CULES
442.
Fig.
441.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
comminutor
Dyar,
1920.
Fig.
442.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
Original.
conspirator
Dyar
&
Knab,
Male
genitalia.
1906.
BIale
Ori,qindl.
genitalia.
Culex
1906
Culex
Dyar
& Knab,
Dyar &
Ins.
1928 Dyar,
Komp,
J.
id.,
Mos.
Y.
Ent.
3
: 105 ;
; 1925
47
conspirator
hfon.,
12
Am.,
Proc.
N.
Knab,
Ins. Mens.,
& Shannon,
1935
Type in U. S. N. M.
Guiana.
: French
(Melanoconion)
1915 Howard,
1918 Dyar,
Surinam.
Surinam
Sot..
14 : 217.
410.
1920 Dyar,
id., 8
Dysr.
13
id.,
58
22,
1923 Dyar,
800.
& Komp,
wyn.
Wash.,
An.
Sot.
5.
Am.,
: 89.
dysmathes
1921
Culex
hqloneus Dyar,
1921
Culex
pasadaemon
Dyar,
Ins.
Ins.
hfens.,
: 100.
1921
CuIex
merodaemon
Dyar,
Ins.
Ins.
&lens.,
: 100.
C. pasadaemon,
1924
Culex jatuator
& Ludlow,
43
Culex
1921
Dyar
37
Ent.
1921
Ins.
Ins.
merodaemon,
Dyar
mwoneus
1927 Culez
macaronensis_Dysr
Dyar,
1928
inducens
Root
holonaus,
Ins.
Mens.,
Ins.
(in
Tns. Mens.,
9
dysmathes
& Shannon,
1925 Culer
1928 C. jatwalor,
11 : 69 : 1924 Dyar
306.
Ent.
1950 Rozeboom
C&x
id.,
28.
11s.
Ins.
and
Dyar),
macaronensis
Mos.
Ins.
,4m.,
Dyar,
holoneus
AMens., 12
13
Ins.
47.
35.
Ins.
Mens.,
& Tovar,
Dyar,
47.
14
id.,
114.
22.
Mens.,
153.
307.
BIOS. Am.,
301,
306,
309.
461
CULEX
-_ ~
--
442-B.
Fig.
442-B.
443-A.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
conspirator
Pupa.
Culex
Dyar
& Knab, 1906.
Larva.
Head and
(Based on Dyar, 1928, Jfos. Am., fig. 247.
Distribution - Mexico:
Equador : Venezuela.
1920
1925
1928
1950
.---___--
Panama:
(Melanoconion)
Costa
Rica:
phlabistus
Original.
Salvador:
Dyar,
ColomlGa
1920.
94.
Culex
1906
1906
1912
1918
1928
1950
(Melanoconion)
mutator
:
:
422.
118.
462
CULEX
Fig.
444.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
mutator
on Rozeboom
& Kemp,
1950,
Dyar
& Knab,
1906.
Male
An. Ent.
Sot. am.,
43:
fig.
genitalia.
55).
(Based
Larva - (fig. 444 A). Head hairs with 7 long, multiple, the other hairs
simple except 4 which is double and 8 which is short and triple.
Body finely spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.x 1 1.1.3 2.
Lateral comb of eighth segment of many scales in several rows. Siphon four and
a half times basal width, the pecten beyond basal third and followed by five multiple tufts, the basal one within the pecten, two dorsal double hairs present. Anal
segment ringed by the plate, spiculose on posterior margin ; dorsal hairs (2 + 1) ;
lateral hair single.
Type locality - Mexico.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Mexico.
.
463
CULES
Fig.
444
A.
Cuiex
(Melanoconion)
mutator
Culex (Melanoconion)
1920
Culex
Dyar,
Ins.
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
ilm.,
Ins.
1950
Rozeboom
syn.
1924
Culex
1928
C. mun~osensis
Mens.,
71
Dyar
& Knab,
Dyar,
eastor
1924 Dyar,
id.,
1906.
12
Larva.
Original.
1920.
184.
323.
& Komp,
An.
nzanaosensis
Ent.
Sot.
Am.,
Evans,
An.
Trop.
Dyar,
Mos.
Am.,
43 : 90.
Med.
& Par.,
18
370.
316.
46-k
CULEX
Pig. 445. -
:,Panama
?+j
Culex
(Melanoconion)
thomasi
: Brasil,
(P,nwd on Roze-
Evans, 1924.
447
446.
Fig.
446.
Culex
Fig.
447.
Culex
(Based
(Melanoconion)
(Melanoconion)
on
Rowboom
thomasi
Evans,
inhibitator
& Kemp,
Dyar
1930,
Male
1924.
.\n.
Knab,
Ent.
Sot.
&
genitalia.
Original.
Male
1906.
Am.,
43:
fig.
genitalia.
41).
Peigne du Se. segment sur trois rang&es au moins ; bpines dilatees a leur apex en
une sorte de t,&e frangee. Index du siphon voisin de 4 (chiffres extremes 3,8 et 4,6).
Peigne serrb remontant sur plus du tiers. Les Bpines sont longues pointues, denticulees sur un de leurs bords, rBguli&ement espac&. Cinq paires de touffes sur le
siphon, diminuant rkgulierement espacBes de la Ire. B la 5e., aucune entre les peignes.
Plaque anale entourant le segment ; de forts spicules prks du bord post&ieur, surtout du c&b dorsal. Peignes supplementaires peu visibles form& de 6-7 dents tr&s
courtes. Soies dorsales 1 + (1 + 2). Tegument presque glabre, les spicules peu
visibles au niveau du Se. segment, ne le sont pas du tout sur le rest de labdomen
mais ils sont au contraire t&s nets sur le thorax.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Amazonas, Manaus. Type in L. S. T. M.
Distribution - French Guiana;
Brad,
State of Amazonas.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
1906
Culex
Dyar
1915
Howard,
1920
Dyar,
Ins.
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
Dyar
19% Kemp,
1901
Mens.,
Am.,
Proc.
N.
Ent.
Mon.,
8
inhibitator
Y.
Sot.,
14 :
216.
: 391.
76.
317.
Ent.
Sot.
& Komp,
Culex stratus
3:
J.
& Knab,
Ins.
19.50 Rozeboom
syn.
& Knab,
Wash.,
An.
Ent.
Theobald
37 :
9 ;
1936
Sot.
Am.,
43
(pro
parte),
Komp,
Mon.
id.,
38
64.
91.
Cul.,
55
M. stratus Theobald,
1903
id.,
239.
1906
Culez
investigator
1908
Culex
inaocator
1908
C. imocutor
Dyar
1915
C. invocator
and
Dyar
Pzzos,
& Knab,
An.
& Knab,
inveetigotw
J.
AC. Cien.
Smiths.
Howard.
N.
Y.
Ent.
SOL,
Med.
Fis.
y Nat.
Misc.
Dyar
Cools.,
14
Quar.
& Knab,
216.
Habana,
Iss.,
Mon.,
14 :
52
3
426.
258.
323,
397.
Female Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus dark,
twice the length of clypeus. Antenna longer than proboscis. Occiput with broad
white and dark scales mixed with blackish forked ones.
Thorax : Mesonotum brown, with bronzy scales or with an indistinct pattern
of whitish ones ; acrostichals small, dorsocentrals long and appressed. Scutellum
white scaled. Pleura with white patches of scales and yellow setae.
Legs dark except femora ventrally as well as femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal
joints which are white.
Abdomen dark with basolateral white spots.
Male - Proboscis dark, one sixth longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than
proboscis by the last two segments. Antenna strongly plumose and as long as proboscis. Abdominal spots sometimes forming bands.
Genitalia : (fig. 447). Columnar process spiculose at base, the two arms divergent, setae deformed and hooked at apex ; upper division with a hooked seta and
a pointed one followed by a narrow leaf, three foliaceous setae and a large leaf,
a slender seta at base. Dististyle attenuated beyond the middle, capitate at apex,
serrate on upper margin and with two spicules. Mesosome with a point on each side,
one below the other, upper margin serrate. Ninth tergite with the lobes approximate, elongate, higher than broad and with long, slender setae.
Pupa - Tube very long and slender, sclerotized before base.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - Head transverse, bulging at the sides ; antennae
long, a tuft at outer third, the part beyond more slender, basal part spinulated ;
head-hairs, upper small, in four to six, lower long, :single, small, mid-hairs single,
anteantennal tuft multiple.
Body densely pilose, though sometimes the pile is
pale and obscure. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of a number of spines in a
rather small patch. Air-tube six times as long as wide; pecten, reaching one-third,
followed by six hair tufts of approximately even length, the basal longest, but the
apical one is more than half its length ; two small tufts laterally on the tube. Anal
segment longer t,han wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush posterior ; dorsal tuft
a long hair and a long and a short hair on each side. Anal gills small, tapered.
c u
46i
Culex
1936
CuIex
Kemp,
(Melanoconion)
An.
Ent.
Sot.
Am.,
29
331
Komp, 1936.
lucifugus
: Guianas
: Venezuela
1950 Rozeboom
& Komp,
id.,
43 : 92.
Fig.
448.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
Rozeboom
& Komp,
Culex
1906
Culex
(_Melanoconion)
Dyar
& Knab,
1918 Dyar,
Ins.
Ins.
1927
Am.
J.
Root,
1935
Komp,
1950
Roaeboom
eyn.
1920
Proc.
Culex
lucifugus
1950,
An.
J.
hiens.,
Hyg.,
Ent.
& Komp,
N.
6 :
Sot.
An.
vaxua Dyar,
Y.
Sot.,
14
1920 Dyar,
217.
id.,
586.
Wash.,
Ent.
Ins.
37
Sot.
Ins.
7.
Am.,
Jfens..
43 :
8
90.
73.
Male
genitalia.
43:
fig.
48).
(Based
educator
Ent.
105 ;
Komp,
1936.
Ent.
Sot. Am.,
74
1925 Dear,
id.,
11
: 22.
on
468
CULEX
Cukx bib&a
Dyar, Ins. Ins. &fens., ?4.
1922 Culez aneles Dyer & Ludlow, Mil. Surg., I : 63.
1923 C. a&es Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 10 : 97 ; 1923 C. bibulus and aneles Bonne-Wepster rt
Bonne, id., 11 : 178 ; 1925 C. aneles Dyar, id., 13 : 22.
1928 C. bibdus Dyar. Mos. Am., 328.
1920
lic
149, ---
CuJt-x
(MeIarmconion)
educator
I)pur
&
Knnb,
1906. Xaleg~nitalia.
Original.
of fork mesially a long protuberance which is curved. Ninth tergite with the lobes
inclined towards the center and with short,, slender pilosity inserted on distinct
tubercles.
Pupa - (fig. 450). Tube as in the figure. Hair A developed and in a tuft on
segments VI to VIII.
B nearly as long as segment in IV to VI, single. Paddle two
and a half times the length of segment VIII, wit,h two spinules at apex.
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - (fig. 451). Head transverse, bulging on the sides ;
antennae long, a tuft at outer third, the part beyond slender, basal part spined ;
head hairs single, anteantennal tuft mulGple.
450.
451
Irig.
450.
C&X
(Melanoconion)
abdominal
segments,
Fig.
d51.
LitlTll.
Head
and
educator
dorsal.
terminal
Dyar
abdominal
&
Knab.
1906.
segments.
Pupa.
Tube6
an11
Original.
Body spiculose. Lateral comb of segment VIII formed by three rows of scaleb.
Siphon four times as broad as wide, the pecten beyond basal t,hird followed by
six multiple tufts, the first within the pecten. _4nal segment broader than long.
spiculose on posterior margin ; dorsal hairs (1 + 2).
Type locality - Costa Rica.
Type in U. 8. N. M.
Distribution -Costa
Rica : Panama
: Colombia : Venezuela
: Guiana? :
Rrasil,
Amazon Valley.
Culex
1927
C&es
Root,
1928
Dyw,
Mos.
1950
Rozeboom
Am.
Am
(Melanoconion)
J. Hyg.,
andricus
Root, 1927.
7 : 592.
330.
& Komp.
An.
Ent.
Sot.
Am.,
43
87.
CULES
Thorax : Mesonotum with dark brown integument and dark brown scales.
Legs blackish, femora white ventrally.
Abdomen dark with basolateral white spots.
Genitalia : (fig. 452). Basistyle with two divergent arms on columnar process, setae a and b deformed and hooked at apex, a inserted more basally than b :
upper division with a hooked seta and a short pointed one followed by a foliaceous
seta and three appressed foliaceous setae. Dististyle attenuated in the middle,
capitate at apex, serrate on upper margin, a spicule below. Claw expanded and
subterminal.
Mesosome with an arm on each side, one of them curved. Ninth tergite with the lobes subtriangular, setose on upper margin, the setae moderate and
inserted on separate tubercles.
Type locality- Brad,
State of Minas Gerais, Lassance. Type in U. 8. X. M.
Distribution Brasil,
State of Minas Gerais.
433.
452.
Fig.
452.
Culex
Fig.
453.
Culex
1920
Culex
Dyar,
Ins.
Ins.
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
Am.,
332.
1950
Rozeboom
(Melanoconion
(Melanoconion)
Culex
? syn.
1948
Root,
andricus
Dyar.
idottus
(Melanoconion)
& Komp,
Culex
Mens.,
An.
Ent.
(Melanoconion)
77
Sot.
Male
genitalia.
Original.
1920.
Male
genitalia.
Original.
idottus
1923 Bonne-Wepster
Am.,
terepaima
192 7,
43
Anduze,
Dyar,
1920.
& Bonne,
id.,
11
126.
91.
Bol.
Ent.
Ven.,
65.
1~ E
471
after the middle, slightly capitate at apex and serrate on upper margin, two spicules
below. Claw subterminal and expanded. Mesosome with a point on each side,
one of them strongly curved. Ninth tergite with the lobes subtriangular, as high
as broad, and with many short setae.
Type locality Suriuam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Surinam:
Brad,
State of Amazonas.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
iolambdis
Dyar,
1918.
1918 Culez Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., 6 : 106 ; 1920 Dyar, id., 8 : 75 ; 1922 Dyar, id., 10 : 96
Dyar, Id., 11 : 69 ; 179 ; 1925 Dyar, id., 15 : 175.
1928 Dyar, Mos. Am., 329.
1950 Rozeboom & Komp, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 : 92.
syn. 1945 Culex equinoxialis Floch & Abonnenc, Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Inini, 114 : 3.
1923
Pig. 454. -
Culex
(Melanoconion)
iolambdis
Dyar,
1918.
Xale
genitalia.
Original.
472
-_
-__
_~~_
__-
--
--_--
iWuZe - Proboscis blackish and longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than
proboscis by nearly the last two segments. Antenna moderately plumose and about
as long as palpus. Abdomen with white bands on tergites, the rest dark.
Genitalia : (fig. 454). Basistyle with the arms of columnar process divergent,
setae a and b deformed and hooked at apex, a inserted quite before b ; upper division
a hooked seta and a shorter pointed one, followed by a leaf and three appressed
foliaceous setae, a slender seta at base. Dististyle attenuated after middle, capitate
at apex, serrate on upper margin, with two spicules. Jlesosome with a point on
each side, one of them curved, on apical margin with three teeth at apex. Ninth
tergite with the lobes somewhat remote, rounded, with moderate setae.
Pupa - Described by Pratt and Seabrook (see fig. 455 A.).
Larva - (fig. 455 B.). Head with the setae as in figure, a little broader than
long. Antenna with the tuft at out,er third, darkened beyond it, ending in three
long and one short setae.
B.
Fig.
Fig.
455.
455.
iI.
B.
Culex
- Larva.
54 (1):
(Melanoconion)
(Based
28).
iolambdis
on
Pratt
Dyar,
8~ Scabrook,
1918.
1952,
Pupa.
Proc.
Ent.
Sor.
Wash.,
473
CULEX
--_
Culex
1901
Culex
1904
Bourroul,
Mon.
Cul.,
Amos. Brazil,
1915 Howard,
1918
(Melanoconion)
Theobsld,
Dyar
&
Dyar,
Ins.
Ins.
1922 Root,
Am.
J.
Mens.,
Hyg.,
Bonne
Dyar,
& Bonne-Wepster,
1944
Roth
1945
Wirth,
Theobald,
id.,
1901.
238.
103
1921 Dyar
388.
& Ludlow,
id.,
47.
Mos.
1950
Rozeboom
& Kemp,
syn.
1909
Culex
faZsi,ficutor
1915
C. falsificutor
Howard,
1946
Cztlex advieri
Floch
Sm.,
268.
338.
& Young,
Proc.
1904
2 : 400.
1928
Am.,
Theobald,
atratus
55
____ ___.
38.
Knab, Mon.,
1925
Mos.
-____.
An.
Ent.
Ent.
Sot.
Sot.
Wash.,
An.
Ent.
Dyar
Am.,
47
Sot.
84.
202.
Am.,
& Knab,
Dyar
37
& Gab,
& Abonnenc.
43
Smiths.
Ar.
87.
Misc.
Mon.,
Ins.
Cools. Quar.
3
Iss.,
52
185.
257.
425.
Pasteur
Alghrie,
16
457.
Fig.
456.
Culex
Fig.
457.
Larva.
456.
(Melanoconion)
Head
and
stratus
terminal
Theobald,
abdominal
1901.
segments.
Male
genitalia.
Original.
Original.
474
row.
Guianas
Virgin
Islands
Trinidad.
Note - The secondary small leaves on basistyle vary from one or tnro to a
This form is very close to commevynensis.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
bequaerti
192.5
Culm
Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip, black. Occiput with flat black scales, a small patch of white ones on the side below. Mesonotum dark brown, with narrow, curved, bronzy brown scales ; pleurae and coxae
luteous brown. Abdomen black, the segment)s with small white basal lateral spots ;
venter with the segments whitish at base, black apically, posterior segments
projecting ventrally.
Legs black with bronzy reflection, femora pale beneath.
1Ving scales rather narrowly ovate, the basal ones linear.
Male - Palpus exceeding proboscis by nearly the last two segments which
are acuminate and setose. Antenna moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 458). Basistyle with columnar process elongate, seta a at
same level as b, crooked, both hooked at apex ; hooked seta c absent, the pointed
458.
549.
Fig. 458. -
Male
bequaerti
Dyar & Shannon, 1925.
Culex (Melanoeonion)
Upper lobe of bnsistyle, dististyle. mesosome and ninth tergite.
genitalia.
Fig. 459. -
Culex
(Melanoconion)
brevicolus
Senevet & Abonnenc, 1939.
Male genitalia.
(Both based
Upper lobe of basistyle, dististyle, mesosome and ninth tergite.
on Rozeboom & Komp, 1950, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 43 (1) : figs. 12 and 13).
CULES
475
element absent also ; three foliaceous setae and a leaf are present on the upper division. Dististyle attenuated in the middle, capitate at apex, serrate on upper margin.
Claw not seen. Mesosome forked at apex and with a curved point on one side.
Ninth tergite triangular, the lobes remote, the hairs longer t)han [lobes, slender
and abundant.
Pupa and larva Unknown.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Amazonas, rio Branco. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Brasil,
State of Amazonas.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
brevicolus
17:
110.
Culex
1906
1915
1918
1927
1928
1950
(Melanoconion)
carcinophilus
Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip, black. Occiput with flat black scales that take a white reflection, especially along the eyemargin. Mesonotum brown, with narrow, curved, bronzy brown scales ; pleurae
rather pale. Abdomen black with bronzy reflection ; sides with basal segmental
white spots ; venter sordid white, the segments apically only slightly blackish
shaded. Legs black, the femora whitish below ; tibiae with small apical white
spot inwardly.
Wing-scales, the outstanding ones linear, the appressed ones ovate
even basally, outwardly rather broadly ovate on second to fourth veins.
Male - Proboscis as long as fore femur, dark. Palpus longer than proboscis
by little more than the last segment. Antenna moderately plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 460). Basistyle with columnar process having the arms divergent, seta a at the same level as b, both of them distorted and hooked at apex ;
upper division with a hooked seta and a pointed one followed by a leaf and two
476
CULEX
-___-p____
- -
foliaceous setae and a larger leaf at apex. Dististyle attenuated in the middle,
capitate at apex where there is a protuberance before the serration, bearing a long
seta. Mesosome with a point on one side, serrate on upper margin. Ninth tergites
with the lobes separated, higher than broad, inclined inwards and with many
moderate retrose setae from distinct tubercles.
461.
460.
Fig.
460.
Culex
(Mdanoconion)
Original.
Fig.
461.
Pupa.
Tulw
and
carcinophilus
abdominal
Dyar
sr.gments.
&
dorsal.
Knab,
1906.
Male
genitalia.
Original.
477
CULES
Fig. 462. -
Culcx (Melanoconion)
earcinophilus
Dyar L Knab, 1906.
from Dyar, 1928, Mos. Am., terminal segments original).
Culex
,(Melanoconion)
coren tynensis
Larva.
(Head
Dyar , 1920.
Culex
(3Ielanoconion)
inadmirabilis
Dyar,
1928.
CU
478
1950
Rozeboom
syn.
1921
& Kemp,
C&r
An.
indecmabilis
IA E
Ent.
Sot.
Am.,
Dyar,
(net
Theobald),
43 : 91.
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
156.
463.
Fig.
463.
Fig.
464.
Culex
Culex
Rozeboom
Komp,
&
464.
1920.
.
Male
Dyar,
1928.
Ant.
Ent.
Sot.
inadmirabilis
(Melanoconion)
based on
and 40).
Dyar,
corentynensis
(Melanoconion)
1950,
genitalia.
Male
Am.,
genitalia.
43
(1)
(Both
figs.
23
Culex
Culex
Dyar,
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
1950
Rozeboom
& Komp,
syn.
1920
toaimusDyar,
Culex
Ins.
Am.,
maxinocca
(Melanoconion
1920
Ins.
&lens.,
Dyar,
1920.
71.
323.
An.
Ent.
Sot.
Am.,
43 : 92.
8
71
1923 Bonne-Wepster
& Bonne,
id., 11
123
Female Unknown.
ilfale
Proboscis one fifth longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus dark, longer
fhan proboscis by nearly the length of the last two segments. Antenna moderately
plumose and as long as proboscis. Occiput with narrow blackish scales with bronzy
reflection.
179
CULEX
Thorax with blackish int,egument. Pronotal lobe with dark setae. Mesonoturn with dark bronzy scales and long setae. Pleura with black marks, one long
lower mesepimeral.
Legs dark, femora white ventrally.
Abdomen with dark tergites and basal white bands.
Genitalia : ffig. 465). Basistyle with columnar process bearing two divergent
arms, setae a and b long and hooked at apex ; upper division with a hooked seta
and a short pointed one followed by a foliaceous seta and three appressed foliaceous
setae also at base a slender, pointed seta. Dististyle constricted in the middle,
capitate at apex where there are two prot,uberances and slight serration, two spicules below. Claw subterminal, expanded. Mesosome forked ar; apex in two points,
another point on one margin. Ninth tergite with the lobes separated, elongate
and with sparse, moderate setae directed upwards.
Fig.
463.
Culex
(Melanoeonion)
Rozeboom
& Komp,
maxino&
1950,
An.
Dyar,
1920.
Ent.
Sot. Am.,
i\lale
genitalia.
43:
fig. 51).
(Based
OII
Pupa - (fig. 466). Hair 33 of segment IV two t,hirds the length of segment
and triple. Tuft A of segment VIII one third the length of segment. Paddle two
and a half times the length of segment VIII,
the spicule small.
---.I-
Fig.
466.
Culex
{Melanoconion)
maxinocc;
and tube,
dorsal.
Original.
Dyar,
1920.
Pupa.
Abdominal
segments
Larua (fig. 467). Head slightly broader than long, darker near antenna
and at base, the hairs as in figure. Antenna darkened, the tuft on outer third,
part beyond tuft not darkened and ending in three long and one short setae.
Body finely spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.4 2 1.1.3 2.
Lateral comb of segment VIII in a pat,ch of scales three rows deep. Siphon nearly
ten times as broad as long, the pecten on basal third followed by three short tufts.
_&nal segment ringed by the plate, slightly longer than wide ; dorsal tuft (1 + 3) ;
lateral tuft of two short hairs.
Fype ZocaZibySurinam.
Type in U. S. S. M.
LGstribution Surinam.
Pig.
467.
Culex
Culex
(Mrlanoconion)
(Melanoconion)
1907
Dan&ha Theobald,
1908
Peryassfi,
OS Cul.
Dyar,
Mon.
Cul.,
Brazil,
176.
1928
Culez
1936
Komp,
1950
Rozeboom
syn.
1924
Culex
1927
C. clarki
Root,
Am.
1928
C. clarki
Dyar,
Mos.
1939
Culez
Proc.
Mos.
Am.,
333.
Ent.
Sot.
Wash.,
& Komp,
nigrescens
Larva.
Original.
(Theobald, 1907).
37 : 5.
Ent.
Sot.
clarki Evans,
An.
Trop.
J. Hyg.,
Am.,
Senevet
1920.
: 248.
An.
implicates
Dyar,
maxinucca
Am.,
43
Med.
7
: 93.
& Par.,
18 : 365.
587.
297.
$ Abonnerc,
Ar.
Ins.
Pasteur
AlgCrie,
17 : 99.
451
CULEX
Fig.
468.
Culex
hand
1920
Culex Dyar,
1950
Rozeboom
Culex
Ins.
(Melanoconion)
sketch,
original.
nigrescens
(Melanoconion)
Ins.
& Komp,
Mew.,
An.
Ent.
(Theobald,
psatharus
Sot.
Am.,
1907).
43 : 95.
id.,
11
Male
genitalia.
Dyar, 1920.
; 1925 Dyar, Nos.
178
Free
Am.,
296.
l+enmle - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip, black. Occiput with flat black scales. Mesonotum very dark brown with blackish scales, the
pleurae dark brown. Abdomen black, unmarked or with slight pale lateral spots
and ventral hasal segmental bands. Legs black, the femora brown below. Wingsc~~l~tilincnr, those on second to fourth veins out,wardly ligulatc, blunt.
.lTaie - Proboscis a little longer than fore femur, dark. Palpus longer than
proboscis by nearly the last two segments, blackish. Antenna moderately plumosc
and :t$ long as proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 469). Basistyle with elongate columnar process, rugose at
apex, the setae a and b from a common base, a shorter than b, both hooked at apex ;
upper divrsion a hooked seta and a short pointed one followed by a foliaceous seta :
~:cpa~~~tcllythree appressed foliaceous setae. Mesosome forked at apex, with a
point on one side. Ninth tergitc with the lobes separated, rounded, broader than
long, with long sparse setac.
469.
Fig. 469. -
Culex (Melanoconinon)
psatharus
T)yar, 1920.
Slale genitalia.
Rozehoom & Kemp. 1950, An. Ent. Sot. Am., 4:s: fig. 69).
Fig.
Pupa.
470. -
Original.
(Bawd
on
Pu~u. - (fig. 470). Tube short, flared at apex with a black ring before basal.
Hair B nearly as long as segment, in V and VI, double ; hair A short and multiple
in segments VII and VIII.
Lan,n - (fig. 471). Head blackish, broader than long, upper hairs simple.
Antenna short the tuft on distal third, apically three long hairs and a short one.
Prothoracic hair formula l.l.? ? - 1.1.2 - 2. Body nude. Siphon with
a black ring in the middle, more than six times as long as basal width ; pecten
on basal third followed by seven multiple and long tufts. Anal segment ringed by
the plate which is darker dorsally ; dorsal seta (2 + 1).
/y
pe Zocalit~y- Panama.
Type in U. S. 5. I\I.
Distribution - Panama.
Cules
1928
Culex
1950
Rozeboom
Root
(in
(Melanoconion)
Dyar),
& Kemp,
Mos.
An.
,4m.,
Ent.
Sot.
unicornis
Root, 1928,
291.
Am.,
43
97.
484
1~ E
a long seta deformed at apex, on a separate lobe a spatulate foliaceous seta, a hooked
seta and a short pointed one and a longer seta blunt at apex, beyond them three
foliaceous appressed setae. Dististyle att#enuated in the middle, strongly capitate
at apex, serrate on upper margin and with two spicules. Claw short and terminal.
Ninth tergite with the lpbes fused, spiculose and with sparse short setae, on each
side a long finger shaped protuberance bearing internally a long seta.
Pupa - Unknown.
Fig.
472.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
Rozeboom
& Komp,
unicornis
Root,
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot.
1928.
Am.,
Male
genitalia.
43:
fig. 87, except
(Based
on
mesosome).
Larva - Root (1928) : - Head wider t,han long. Antennae stout on basal
three fifths, slender on apical two fifths, a large tuft at three-fifths length, two
long and two shorter setae at tip. Head-hairs fairly long, single. Hair near base
of antenna a tuft of five or six. Lateral comb of eighth segment a curved row of
six to eleven slender, curved scales without secondary points. Air-tube about
four times as long as wide, tapering slightly toward tip. Eight pairs of ventral
tufts in a straight line, bass1 tuft longest, others decreasing in length regularly
toward tip, each of about five hairs. Pecten c:cupying basal third of air-tube, of
about eight straight slender spines, densely c::ate below. Anal segment longer
than wide, completely ringed by the plate. Dors:,:i hairs very long, outer pair single,
inner pair with one long and one short branch. Lateral hair short, two-branched.
Ventral brush small and short. Lateral hairs of segments 4 to 6 in twos.
Type locality - Venezuela,
hlaracay.
Type in U. S. N. RI.
Distribution Venezuela.
Culex
1948
Culex
Anduze,
(Melanoconion)
Rol.
Ent.
Ven.,
1~
485
venezuelensis
Anduze, 1948.
64.
Fig.
474.
Culex
1946
Culex
Culex
(Melanoconion)
on Anduze.
1948,
Rol.
(IkIelanoconion)
Floch
& Abonnenc,
Ins.
vcnezuelensis
Anduze,
193.
Ent.
Venezolana,
7: 64, figs.
rorotaensis
Pasteur
Guyane
?yIale genitalia.
10, 11, 12).
(Based
et Ter.
496
IT
T, E
au bord des yeus ou sinserc une rang& de longues soies brunes assez cspac&s les
unes des autres, Palpes plus longs que la trompe, coudk au niveau de lavant-derniel
article. Les deux derniers articles prbsentent sur la face inf&ieure de fortes et longues soies. Trompe droite peu 6largie B 16xtkmite.
Les palpes et la trompe sont
couverts dkcailles brun sombre. -4ntennes plumeuse plus courtes que la trompe.
Thorax : Mesonotum brun sombre couvert dkailles piliformes B reflets bronzes et portant, de longues et fortes soies qui sont plus denses sur la partie post&
ricure. Scutcllum trilobk awe un groupe de fortes soies sur chacun des lobes.
wuvertes dkailles
dc couleur brun somhrc sauf
Pattes : Uniform6ment
audcssous.
A4bdomen : Aver des Bcailles appliquks brun fonc6. Chacun des segments
2 6 5 pork B sa base, dorsalement ct) ventralement, une 6troite bande dkailles
de
couleur blanche. Lapex dc chaque tergite et la surfaw de chaquc sternit(> sent
couverts de fortes soies.
Genitalia : (fig. 475). Basistyle with columnar process divided, seta a longer
than b and hooked at apex, b stouter and pointed at apex ; upper division with the
hooked seta inflated, followed by a stout pointed seta then two st,out pointed setac
followed by t$hree foliaceous setae and a narrow leaf, a slender seta at base. Dististpkh attt~nuatcd in the middle capitatc at apex, with two spiculcs. Claw espandcd
::G.
ArtlIe genitalia.
and subterminal.
Mesosome apically forked with a lat.eral point. Ninth tcrgitcs
with the lobes removed, subtriangular and sparsely covered with moderate setac.
Typo locality - French
Guiana.
Rorota. Type in Institut Pasteur Guyana.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
amitis
Komp,
1936.
87.
488
CULEX
Culex
1916
Culex
Brethk,
1921
Dyar,
Ins.
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
syn.
1927
Culex
(Melanoconion)
An.
Ins.
Am.,
Mus.
Mens.,
Nat.
9 :
H.
intrincatus
B. A.,
214.
586,
590
28
Brethk,
1916.
149.
315.
cenus Root,
Am.
J. Hyg.,
Fig.
477.
Culcx
(Melanoconion)
Roxeboom
& Komp,
intrincatus
Brethbs.
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot.
Male
3916.
43:
fig.
Am.,
genitalia.
43).
(Based
on
capitate at apex with two spicules. Claw short, expanded. Mesosome with three
points, an upper one and one at each side. Ninth tergite rounded with short setae
inserted in dist,inct tubercles.
489
CULES
Culex
1936
Cules
1950
Rozeboom
Type in I. B. B. ,4. ?
State of Rio de Janeiro.
Brasil,
(Melanoconion)
Komp,
An.
Ent.
& Komp,
Sot.
An.
quadrifoliatus
Am.,
Ent.
29
Sot.
Komp,
4
1936.
322.
Am.,
43
110.
Fig
478.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
on Rozeboom
& Komp,
1924
Culex
Dyar,
Culex
syn.
Ins.
quadrifoliatus
Komp,
1950,
An. Ent.
Sot.
(Melanoconion)
Ins.
Mens.,
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
Am.,
1924
Culex
Zigator Dyar,
11
123
1936.
Male
Am.,
43
fig.
sursumptor
1924 Dyar,
id.,
12
Dyar,
182
genitalia.
72).
(Based
1924.
1925 Dyar,
id.,
13
22
329.
Ins.
Ins.
Mens.,
12
183.
;Ilale - Coloration of the female. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by the length
of the last joint. Wing-scales rather outwardly.
Genitalia : (fig. 479). Basistyle with setae a and b divergent, deformed,
hooked ; upper division with a hooked and a straight seta followed by four foliaceous setae and a narrow leaf between them. Dististyle strongly capitate at apex,
hairy surface, with two spicules. Claw short and expanded. Mesosome with three
arms one at apex and one at each side. Ninth tergitc rounded, higher than broad,
with moderate sparse, straight setae.
Pupa Vnknown.
La ma - (fig. 480). Head broader than long, head hairs single or double, 7 in
a multiple tuft. Antenna with a tuft on distal third, the part beyond slender.
Body spiculose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.1. - 1 - 1.22. Lateral comb
of segment VIII with many scales in several rows. Siphon narrow, six times as
broad as wide, the pecten on basal third followed by six multiple tufts. Anal
segment wider than broad, ringed by the plate. Dyar (1928) : - . . . ventral brush
posterior ; dorsal tuft a long hair and a long and a short hair on each side.
Type locality - Colombia,
Rarrrtnquilla.
Type in U. S. K. 11.
I%sfrib~tion - Colombia.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
1948
Cder Rozeboom
I!)50
Roeehoom
&
& Kemp,
Kornp,
An.
hatesi
.J. Par.,
Ent
34:
sot. AIll.,
1943.
399.
43
100,
fg.
Il.
Pemalc - Rozchoom & Kemp (1948) : - A small mosquito with dark leg+
and wings, characterized by the presence of a group of small setae on the postnotum.
Head : Proboscis dark, less than one-sixth the length of the proboscis ; anicwr~awith torus and first flagellar segment brown, the rest of the flagellum darker,
with black whorl hairs. ~~c*ciput n-ith a dense clothing of broad, flat, black recumbent scales ; forked srales d~r!; : scalesalong eye margins dark ; a small patch
of white scales laterally.
Thorax : Prothoracic lobes dark brown, with an uneven row of black bristles.
Posterior pronotum with small, curved, dark brown scales along upper margin
and a few black bristles posteriorly. Scut urn and scutellum clothed with narro\v,
curved, dark brown scales ; bristles black : antcscutellar bare spaces pale, grccnish brown. Postnotum pale brown, a group of about 10 or less small dark setac>
before the distal margin. Pleurae pale* green or greenish-brown, a darker brea
behind the anterior spiracle and in the mesepimcron ; some pale scales and a row of
pxlc setae along postrrior margin of stcrnopleuron ; one lower mesepimeral bristk.
Fore cosae with dark scales on antero-lateral surface . pale scales on mid
and hind coxae. Hind femur somewhat paler below ; all other leg segments dark.
Scales of wing dark.
Abdomen : Tergites dark except for very small baso-lateral pale spots on
distal segments ; sternite greenish, with flat, transparent scales.
Male Coloration similar to that, of the female. Occiput with pale flat
rc>cumbent scales intermixed with the darker ones. Palpus escctcadingthe probos&
by a little more than the length of th(> terminal segment .
C U
492
Genitalia : (fig. 481). Basistyle wit)h setae a and b divergent, nearly straight,
hooked ; upper division with a hooked and a straight,, broad seta followed by a
foliaceous seta and three appressed foliaceous setae. Dististyle capitate at apex,
upper margin serrate, with two spicules. Claw short, apical, expanded. Mesosome
with upper margin forming four large teeth, an arm on each side. Ninth tergit,e
with rounded lobes, higher than broad, with sparse, moderate, straight setae.
Pupa Unknown.
Fig.
481.
Culex
(Based
on
Rozeboom
& Kemp,
1948.
1950,
An. Ent.
SOC. Am.,
batesi
(Melanoconion)
Rozeboom
& Komp,
43:
Xale
fig.
genitalia.
11).
Larvn - (fig. 482). Head broader than long, hairs simple or double, or triple,
7, 8 and 9 multiple. Antenna with the tuft at distal third, long multiple, attenuated
beyond tuft.
Body pilose. Prothoracic hair formula 1.m. (short) 1 1.3.3. Lateral
comb of segment VIII with t,he scales in three irregular rows. Siphon six times as
broad as wide, uniform, the pecten on basal third followed by six multiple tufts,
dorsally two short triple tufts. Anal segment ringed by the plate, nearly quadrate ;
dorsal hairs (1 + 2) ; lateral hairs small and triple ; ventral brush moderate.
Type locality - Colombia,
Villavicencio.
Type in U. S. N. ht.
Distribution - Colombia.
Culex
1906
(Melanoconion)
MochEost~/rax
Dyar
1915
Culex
Howard,
1928
Dyar
(pro
1937
King
& Bradley,
1950
Rozeboom
syn.
& Knab,
Dyar
parte),
An.
& Komp,
1905
Melanoconion
1907
Culex
N.
& Knab,
Mos.
Am.,
Ent.
An.
Dyar
(net
Culex
egberti Dyar
& Knab,
Culex
trachycumpa
Dyar
1917
CuEex perableptus
Dyar
1917
Ins.
Culex
moorei
Culex
dequstator
? 1921
Culex
(Melanoconion)
1922
Dyar,
CuZex borinqueni
Root,
& Knab,
1906).
Y.
13
224.
Theobald,
J.
N.
& Knab,
Ins.
Y.
Ins.
5
Ins.
homeopus
Dyar
1922
CuZex (Choeroporpa)
pose Dyar,
CuZex (Choeroporpu)
tovari
Evans,
Ins.
Sot.,
41
Mens.,
15
Ent.
Sot.,
202.
214.
101.
5
181.
108.
Ins.
Mens.,
& Ludlow,
2
Ins.
iln.
N.
15
182.
6 :
J. Hyg.,
J.
Sot.,
Ent.,
Ins.
Mens.,
1924
Ent.
Ent.
Ins.
Mens.,
1901),
Y.
Can.
8: Knab,
Am.
345.
43 : 91.
J. N.
& Knab,
Ins.
Dyar
14
382.
30
-4m.,
& Knab,
1907
1918
Sot.,
Am.,
Sot.
1909
1921
Ent.
Mon.,
Sot.
Dyar
Y.
299.
Ent.
stratus
Zeprincei
(Dyar
erraticus
J.
9 : 39.
Ins.
Ins.
Mene.,
400.
Mens.,
Trop.
Med.
10 : 93.
& Par.
18
367.
46.
26.
Fig.
482.
Culex
(Melanoeonion)
terminal
abdominal
34:
404,
figs.
18
batesi
segments.
and 20).
493
Rozeboom
(Based
&
on
Kemp,
1948.
Larva.
Head
Rozeboom
& Komp,
1948,
J.
and
Par.,
494
( u
I,
E s
scaling varying from brownish to bright golden. (,1n increase in the golden coloralion of the mesonotum and in the proportion of pale scales on the occiput is noted
in Louisiana and Texas specimens).
Genitalia : (fig. 483). Clasper moderately, but not abruptly, enlarged on
somewhat V-shaped. Outer
apical half ; subapical filament folded longitudinally,
division of lobe of sidepiece with a broad, fan-shaped leaf and seven filaments,
the apical one long and recurved at tip ; basal division with two arms each bearing
Comb of tenth sternite with nine or ten st,out
a long, stout, capitate filament.
short, the base somewhat pear shaped. Inner mesoteeth ; stem comparatively
somal plat,e stout, heavily chitinixed, the outer half bent outwardly and ending
in t>wo stout points ; another curved point arising about midway of the convex
inner margin. Largest mesosomal plate indented on one side. LO~CS of ninth tergites large, oblong, covered with long hairs.
Pupa Unknown.
Kmll,.
1906).
and ninth
trwitr.
MillP
genitalia.
Original.
Lar2.a (fig. 484). King & Bradley (1937) : (Lower head hairs long,
single ; upper short, multiple.
Mental plate wit,h four (occasionally five) teeth
on each side of the central tooth. Lateral abdominal hairs usually triple 011 segments
4 to 6. Comb of eighth abdominal segment of comparatively
few scales (varying
from 11 to 29, average 18) in a single, irregular, or partly double row ; individual
scales produced apically into a long stout point, not fringed toward tip. Air tube
5 to 6 by 1, with five (sometimes four or six) pairs of multiple hair tufts beyond
the pecten the basal pair long, the others progressively shorter ; pectcn tooth
fringed on one side. Body usually densely pilosc.
Fig,
4X4.
--
Culer
(Mclanoconion)
terminal
Cules
:~hdominaI
(Melanoconion)
1903
Melanoconion
1904
Bourroul,
Mos.
1908
Peryassk
OS Cul.
1910 Theobald,
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
erraticus
scvgnrnt~.
Theobald,
Mon.
Am.,
Brazil,
Mon.
&
luteopleurus
3
Knab.
1906).
I,nr\-a.
Hrad.
and
Theobald, 1903.
239.
39.
Brazil,
Cul.,
CII~.,
(I)y;lr
Original.
240.
456.
348.
496
CULEX
Wing with broad scales at apex from vein 1 to 4. Haltere with white st,em
and black knob.
Legs : Coxae yellow. Undersides of femora yellowish, on anterior and hind
ones the whole base is yellowish. Tibiae and tarsi blackish.
hbdomen blackish, the lateral mark nearly forming white bands on the
median tergites.
Type locality - Bras&
State of Par&. Type in B. M.
Distribution Bras&
State of Par&.
Subgenus
1905
Currolliu
1921
Carrollella
Lutz,
Lutz,
Imp.
A.
Med.,
FI.
81
Med.,
CARROLLIA
2:
type
161.
iridescens
Iutz,
1905.
Lutz.
Key
for
the
adults
of the
subgenus
CARROLLTA.
4.
2.
497
CULEX
l&Less
setae, all of
them inserted in tubercles on the superior angle of this structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . secundus
of the subgenus
CARROLLIA.
infoliatus
bihuicolus
c u
198
1,
1904
CnrrolZiu
1905
Lutz,
1907
Thcobnld,
1908
PeryassB
1918
Dyar,
1939
Antunes
Lutz
Imp.
Med.,
Mon.
(pro
Ins.
Ins.
(Carrollia)
(in Bourroul)
13
Cul.,
park),
Rol.
(Lutz, 1905).
iridescens
YIos.
Brazil,
50.
81.
207.
OS Cul.
Mens.,
& Ramos,
n.n.,
Brazil,
167.
108.
Biol.
(n. ser.),
377.
Female - Palpus dark and about one fourth the length of proboscis. Buccopharyngeal armature (fig. 485) with five teeth.
485.
487.
Fig.
485.
Culex
(Carrollia)
Fig.
487.
Pupa.
Tube
iridcscens
and
abdominal
(Lutz.
1905).
srgments,
Cuccophnry~s.
dorsal.
Oriqinnl.
Original.
Scale - Proboscis one fourth longer than fore femur, articulated in the middle,
dark, ventral three fourths with yellowish scales. Palpus dark, slightly shorter
than proboscis with a minute dorsal whitish spot at base of third segment, the
second and third segments yellowish ventrally.
Scutellum with whitish scales.
Tarsi dark.
Genitalia : (fig. 486). Basistyle with the columnar process elongate, bearing
in the middle a crown of seven slender setae, at apex setae a and b are inserted,
one below the other, both of them expanded into a fan shaped distal structure,
below these setae two small, pointed ones on underside ; upper division absent ;
a long differentiated seta at apex of basistyle. Dististyle longer than basistyle,
attenuated beyond the middle, capitatc at apex where it divides itsself in two portions which bear numerous spicules and a stout pointed seta each, above a carinate
structure, a single spicule present. Mesosome with the two lobes fused, the setae
sparse, long and inclined to the sides.
Pllpa - (fig. 487). Tube six and a half times the broadest, width, expanded
apicaally, spiculosc and darker at base. Dorsal setae of cephalothorax small and
generally simple.
Abdomen with hair B on segment II half as long as segment, in III nearly
as long and in IF and V one and a half times as long as segment, while in VI it
c u
IA I?
499
is slightly more than half as long as segment ; hair A of VII with from two to sis
branches, in VIII
developed and multiple.
Paddle rounded and nearly twice as
long as segment VIII.
Fk.
486.
Culex
(Carrollia)
iridvscens
(Based
(Lutz,
1905).
Xale
genitalia.
Basistylr.
on Antnws
8 Kamos,
1939,
Bol. Biol.,
(N.
distisS.),
500
CULES
Larva - (fig. 488). Head rounded, slightly broader than long ; hair 2 in a
tuft of seven to eleven slender branches ; 5 with seven to nine long, slender and
slightly feathered branches ; 6 with two or three long, slender and slightly feathered
branches ; 7 with five to eight branches ; 8 and 9 single. Antenna with the tuft
nearly in the middle and with t.hree to five branches, apical setae four spines and
a foliaceous seta.
Fig.
488.
Culex
(Carrollia)
1939,
Ramos,
iridescens
Biol.
Bol.
(Lutz,
1905.
Larva.
S.),
4 (3) : 379,
figs.
(N.
(Based
4 e 5).
on
Antunes
&
Culex
Dyar,
Ins.
Ins.
(Carrollia)
1921
C&z
1939
Antunes
syn.
1908
Culex
1919
C. iridescens
1919
Bonne-Wepster
& Bonne
Wepster,
Sur.,
& Ramos,
Mens.,
Bol.
iridescens
Blol.
(net
(pro
Lutz),
200.
(net
Dyar,
bonnei
1921.
155.
(n. ser.),
Peryassd
Lutz
Mos.
parte),
381.
OS Cul
Mem.
Ins.
0.
Lutz),
Ins.
Ins.
Brazil,
Cruz,
M:ns.,
167.
10
:
7
87.
153
; 1323Bonnelk]
Bonne-
501
CULEX
64.
18.
491.
489.
Fig. 489. -
Culex
Fig. 491. -
Pupa.
(Carrollia)
bonnei
Dyar,
1921.
Buccopharynx.
Original.
Mule - Proboscis dark, yellowish on slightly more than apical third. Palpus
dark, ventrally with a light line on second segment and basal half to all ventral
portion of the third.
Genitalia : (fig. 490). Basistyle with the columnar process elongate, with
three short setae before apex ; setae a and b short, expanded at apex and curved
downwards ; upper division a long stem with four foliaceous setae at apex, near
dististyle a stout seta. Dististyle shorter than basistyle, slender, with a large
capitate and complex structure at apex as can be seen in the figure. Ninth tergitcs
with interlobar space convex, pilose, the lobes shallow and bearing four or five
setae which are pointed and directed outwards.
Pupa - (fig. 491). Tube five and a half times greatest width, thickened and
darker at base. Dorsal tufts of cephalothorax small and multiple.
Abdomen with segment II having hair B nearly as long as same, in III to VI
longer than segment while in IV and V it is one and a half times the length of
segment and in III and VI slightly longer than segment. VII with tuft A developed and with five branches, VIII
with a developed multiple tuft. Paddle twice
the length of segment VIII
and rounded.
Larva Antunes & Ramos (1939) mention the following characters : Nearly identical do iridescens. The following small diferences were noted. Antennal tuft wit,h three or four hairs inserted near the middle and shorter than half
the length of antenna. Labial plate quite longer than broad, with a median tooth
and eight. teeth on each side. Siphon three and a half times longer than broad ;
the pecten formed by thirteen to sixteen teeth ; tufts of siphon ten to twelve,
with three to five branches. Anal segment as long as broad. Gills slightly less
than twice the length of segment, pointed at apex, slightly broader at base than in
iridescens. Pecten of segment VIII with from twelve to seventeen teeth.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.2 - 2 1.1.2/3 1 ?
Type locality Surinam,
Gansee. Type in U. S. N. hI.
Distribution Surinam
: Colombia : Brad,
State of Bahia.
Fig.
490.
(Currollia)
Culox
and ninth
tergitrs.
4 (3)
380,
fig.
bonnei
(Eased
7).
I>ynr,
1921.
on Antunes
JIale,
genitalia.
?k Amos,
1939,
IIasistrle.
I:ol.
Viol.,
dististyle
(K.
S.)
494.
492.
Pig.
492.
Culex
Fig.
494.
Pupa.
(Carrollia)
Tube
soperi
and
hntunes
abdominal
&
segments,
Lane,
1937.
dorsal.
Euccophar~nx.
Original.
OriginaL
Cules
(Carrollia)
Li
soperi
503
_htunes
1937
Culsx
- .
\
-_
\\
\
.
I---
??I%
Fig. 493. -
Culex (Carrullia)
soperi
Antunes Sr Lane, 1937,
(Based
on
504
CULEX
the setae inserted in the free margin. Dististyle thickened at apex, with a spicule
and a seta at base of apical third which is sparsely spiculose. Claw a spicule.
Tenth sternite with eight setae. Mesosome with simple plates. Ninth tergite
densely spiculose, with the lobes rounded, the setae sparse and inclined sideways.
Pupa (fig. 494). Tube eight times broadest width, spiculose, darker at
base. Dorsal cephalothoracic setae small and double or triple.
Abdomen with hair B on segment II as long as same, in III as long, in IV and
V more than three times the length of segment, in VI small ; tuft A of segment
VII a three branched small tuft, in VIII developed and multiple. Paddle one and
a half times the length of VIII,
rounded.
Larva - (fig. 495). Head broader than long, rounded ; hair 2 a tuft of ten
to twelve short, slender hairs ; 5 with two to four long, pennate and strong branches ; 6 a tuft of eight to ten pennate and long branches ; 7 a tuft of twelve short,
pennate branches ; 8 double ; 9 single. Labial plate longer than broad, eight or
nine teeth on each side of the median one. Antenna slender, slightly curved the
tufts beyond the middle and of four or five branched ; four thick setae and a foliaceous seta as long as them at apex.
\...,_.---
495.
496.
Fig.
495.
G&X
(Carrollia)
Fig.
496.
Culex
(Carrollia)
antnnesi
Lane
& Whitman,
tyle and ninth
tergites.
(Based on Lane &
(3)
391, figs. 1 and 1.).
soperi
Antunes
& Lane,
1937.
Larva.
1943.
Whitman,
Terminal
Male
genitalia.
1943,
segments.
Basis-
Rev. Ent.,
14
505
CULEX
within the pecten. Anal segment slightly broader than long, ringed by the plate
dorsal hairs (1 + 3/4) ; lateral tuft of five or six small branches.
Type locality - Brad,
State of S. Paulo, Pertis. Type in F. H.
Distribution Brad,
States of S. Paulo and Espirito Santo.
Culex
1943
C&ez
Lane
(Carrollia)
& Whitman,
antunesi
Rev.
Ent.,
1943.
14 : 389.
498.
Fig.
497.
Culex
Fig.
498.
Larva.
Whitman,
497.
(Carrollia)
Head
1943,
antunesi
and
Rev.
Lane
terminal
Ent.,
14
&
Whitman,
abdominal
(3)
391,
1943.
segments.
figs. 2, 3
Pupa.
Tube.
(Based
and 4).
ond
Lane
&
Culex
1943
Culex
Lane
(Carrollia)
& Whitman,
Rev.
wilsoni
Ent.,
1913.
14 : 393.
Culex
1920
(Carrollia)
Ctclex Bonne-Wepster
Dyar,
1923
Bonnc
1928
Dyar,
1936
Komp,
syn.
1915
id.,
13
secundus
& Bonnc,
Ins.
Mos.
SIX.,
Proc.
Carrollk
Ins.
1925
176.
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Ins.
Am.,
Ent.
203.
281.
Sot.
Wash.,
iridescens
13s. Mens..
38
Howard,
108.
64.
Dyar
& Iinsh
ipro
parte),
Mon.,
426
1918
Dyar,
499.
Fig.
499.
Culex
(Carrollia)
Fig.
500.
CUIPX (Carrollin)
(Based
on Lane
wilsoni
Lane
secundus
L Whitman,
& Whitman,
Bonne-Wepster
1943,
Rev.
Q
E:nt.,
1943.
Bonne,
14 (3)
Male
1920.
391
genitalia.
Male
genitalia.
figs. 5n. and 6).
Pupa - (fig. 501). Tube moderately elongate, fifteen times broadest width,
*evenly slender, spiculose and dark apically. Dorsal setae of cephalothoras in tufts
*of three or four small hairs.
508
CULEX
502.
Fig. 501. -
Culex (Carrollia)
secundus
Bonne-Wepster
and abdominal segments, dorsal. Original.
l?ig. 502. -
Larva. Head and terminal abdominal segments. (Based on Lane & Whitman,
1943, Rev. Ent., 14 (3) : 395, figs. 7 and 8).
Bonne,
1920.
Pupa.
Tube
Culex
1927
1928
1928
1931
1936
(Carrollia)
bihaicolus
509
Fig.
503. -
Fig . 504
Culex
(Carrollia)
tyle.
Original.
Larva.
bihaicolus
Dyar
S: N. Tovar,
segments.
1927.
Original.
Male genitalia.
Basis-
Culex
1920
Culex
id.,
11
1928
Dynr,
1936
Kemp,
(Carrollia)
Bonne-Wepster
125
Mos.
Roe.
infoliatus
& Bonne.
1925 Bonne
Am.,
Ent.
Ins.
Ins.
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Sur.,
203.
283.
Sot.
Wash.,
38
64.
D&ibr~tion Culex
1921
CuEes Dynr,
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
1936
Kemp,
Ins.
Iroc.
Am.,
Ent.
Colombia.
(Carrollia)
Ins.
& Bonne-Wepster,
210s.
Surinam
Mens.,
Mos.
metempsptus
154
Sur.,
1925 Dyar,
id.,
13
Dyar,
: 17G.
1921.
204.
282.
Sot.
Waqh.,
38
64.
Female - Dyar (1928) : - Proboscis stout, enlarged at tip, black with blue
rcxflection. Occiput with black scales. fifesonotum with sparse dark brown scales,
t,he pleurae pearly blue above from the anterior angle of mesonotum, black in the
middle, the coxae pale yellowish. Abdomen black, the segments with pale yellowish basal bands, not reaching the sides laterally a series of round metallic purple,
coppery, or silvery spotIs ; venter yellowish whitr, the segments with apical black
bands, the poste;or segments prdjecting ventrally.
Legs black with bronsy and
blue reflection, mid femora with two metallic purple spots. Wing scales narrow,
blackish.
ilf&
- Coloration of the female. Palpi not as long as the proboscis, blackish.
Genitalia : (fig. 505). Basistyle two and a half times as long as wide, columnar
process inserted on basal third, spiculose at base, elongate t,o apex, with about
eight short setae, setae a and b leaf like, distorted, b much larger t,han a : upper
division absent, a long stout seta on apical internal angle. Dististyle one fifth
shorter than basistyle gradually expanded at apex, a spicule distally. Claw short
apical and expanded. Dyar (1928) : - Tent.h sternites very slender, with brushshaped spinous tip. Lateral plates of mesosome large T-shaped, not forming a
bridge ; within two plates, one pointed, the other broad, membranous.
Pupa and larva - Unknown.
Type locality - Costa Rica, Alajuela. Type in U. S. K. 11.
Dislrib~~tion - Costa
Rica : Colombia.
50.5.
506.
506.
Culex
(Cu-mllia)
metempsytus
dististyle.
Original.
Fig.
50G.
Culex
(Carrollia)
hfoliatus
Bonne-Wepstrr
Original.
Basist!-le
and dististyle.
1906
Me!anoconion
1906
Dyar
1906
Coqmllett,
1906
Culex
Culex
& Knab,
J.
N.
Can.
P.
IT. S. Dept.
Dpar
1910
MeZanoconzon
Culex
1918
Dyar.
1925
Bonne
Can.
Theobald,
Howard,
Ins.
Ent.
Agr.,
& Knab,
1915
1928 Dyar,
(Carrollia)
Coqmllett,
Dyar
Ins.
6 :
& Bonne-Wepster,
i%s.
1936 Komp,
1937 Antunes,
Am.,
Proc.
Rev.
Ent.
Fat.
Cul.,
& Knab,
Mens.,
Tech.
438.
5
Mon.,
458.
108.
Mos.
Sur.,
197.
282.
Sot.
Wash.,
Med.,
38 : 64.
BopotB,
18.
464.
genitalia.
R- Bonne.
1920.
(Coquille t t , 1906).
: 62.
14 : 223.
Ent.,
5
Nale
38
Sot.,
Ent.,
Mon.
urichi
Ent.
Bur.
Dgnr,
1921.
Fig.
Ser.,
11
23.
Basiatyle
Xale
and
genitalia.
,C u 1,
512
509.
507.
Fig. 507. -
Culex
Fig. 509. -
Pupa.
Fig. 508. -
(Carrollia)
urichi
(Coquillett,
culex (CarroIIia)
urichi
Cerqueira & Lane, 1944,
abdominal
1906).
Buccopharynx.
segments.
Original.
Original.
(Coquillett, 1905).
Male
Rev. Ent., 15: 217).
genitalia.
(Based
Female - The female of this species and C. mathexmi and anduzei have a
broad white ring onf the fourth hind tarsal segment. Bucco-pharyngcal armature
(fig. 507) with seven to nine teeth. They show no differential characters from
one another.
Male - Genitalia : (fig. 508). Basistyle two and a half times basal width ;
apical lobe with columnar process as long as the width of basistyle and with fine,
short, sparse setae, setae a and b inserted at apex, foliaceous, unequal in length,
slender, long, hooked, there is also a preapical seta ; distal portion with the following struct,ures : a) a distinct protuberance bearing two foliaceous, pointed, divergent setac at apex and between them two shorter ones, more or less broad and with
a subapical insertion ; b) preceeding these structures a compact group of foliaceous
hooked setae, some of them larger and broader than the others, all inserted in distinct tubercles ; between these setae there are smaller, pointed setae. Dististyle
thickened at apex. Claw very short and inserted below a pointed protuberance
which has a small seta below inserted on a tubercle. Tenth sternite generally with
three blunt teeth at apex and one or two spicules. Ninth tergite with six to ten
proclinate setae. Mesosome divided, slender at apex, expanded at base and curved.
Pupa - (fig. 509). Tube six times as long as broadest width, expanded gradually towards apex. Skin darker on cephalothorax and three basal segments.
Abdomen with hair B slightly shorter than segment and single in II and III,
more than twice longer than segment in IV and V, a little longer than segment
in VI ; hair C nearly as long as segment in II and III ; hair A double and short
in VII, triple and a little longer in VTII.
Paddle about three times the length of
segment VIII.
Larw -- Dyar (1928) : - Head rounded, nearly circular ; antennae slender,
a two haired i,uft near the middle. Head-hairs in a curved row, middle tuft multiple, short, outer in two, long, anteantennal in about six.
Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.4 -- 2 1.13 - 2. Lateral comb of segment
VIII a single row of about thirt#een scales. Siphon three and a half times as long
as bro2d, pecten a little below basal third, ten multiple tufts of moderate hairs,
the first tuft within the pecten. Anal segment broader than long, ringed by t,he
plate ; dorsal tuft (1 + 10) ; lateral hair single.
Type locality -- Trinidad
(B. W. I.). Type in U. S. S. M.
Distribution Trinidad
: Surinam : British
Guiana : Colombia :
Brasil, States of Par6 and Amazonas : Peru.
Culex
1942
Culex
Anduze,
1944
Cerqueira
ayn.
1925
Culex
Bol.
& Lane,
UTichi
(Carrollia)
Ent.
Rev.
Bonne
Ven.,
Ent.,
mathesoni
1:
15
Anduze, 1942.
47.
218.
& Bonne-Wepster
(net
Coquillett.),
Mos.
SW.,
197.
Culex
1944
Culex
Cerqueira
(Carrollia)
& Lane,
Rev.
anduzei
Ent.,
15
511.
510.
Fig.
510.
--
G&x
(Carrollia)
dististyle.
mathesoni
Fig.
5 Il.
Culex
(Carrollia)
andnzei
(Both
tyle and dististyle.
(l/2):
fig. 5 and 6).
_hd~ze,
Cerqueira
based on
1942.
& Lane,
Cerqueira
Male
genitalia.
Basistylo
1944.
Nale
genitalia.
& Lane,
1944,
Rev.
and
BasisEnt.,
15
PauIo.
27th.
&ml,
1951.
Subgenus MICROCULEX
MGro&ezTheobald, Mon. Cul., 4 : 461 r
Theobald,
type
imilalor
Theobald
1907.
(as argenleoumbrosus
Iheobald).
for
the
adults
of
the
subgenus
MICROCULEX.
516
--
CULEX
_-__
._ .
_- _______
-_____-_-._
_. _ ~______
__
_... _-
1~
__-I_
______
_ - -__-
51;
.__~
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
for
the
larvae
of
the
subgenus
MICROCULEX.
1. Siphon short and broad, from four to seven times the basal
width ; hind margin of anal plate with developed spines . . . 2.
51s
2.
3.
4.
In.
CULEX
Siphon long and slender, from eight to fifteen times the basal
width ; posterior margin of anal plate without spines or, when
9.
they exist, they are very small ........................
7.
Body with spiculose integument ..........................
3.
Bodynude .............................................
4.
Plate of anal segment spiculose ..........................
daumastocampa
This plate smooth ...........................
5.
Plate of anal segment with simple spicules ...............
pleuristriatus
This plate with feathered spicules ...............
6.
Siphon more than four times the basal width ..............
Siphon three times the basal width ; the two lateral hairs on
albipes
anal segment simple ...............................
uzymus
6. Antenna with a single antenna1 seta ...................
davisi
Antenna with four setae on the tuft ...................
7. Darker region of head reduced to a narrow band on hind
margin ; internal occipitals in a tuft of six or seven elements ;
aureus
prothorax with hair 7 double .......................
8.
Darker region of head forming a basal pattern ..............
8. Head hair 8 simple, 9 in a tuft. ; prothoracic hair 7 double or
gairus
triple ............................................
Head hair 8 in a tuft, 9 also in a tuft ; prothoracic hair 7 with
intermedius
three to five elements .........................
9. Head with hair i divided into four or more developed branches................................................lO.
This hair with two to four branches ; prothoracic hairs 5, 6 and
microphyEZus
7 simple, 8 simple and minute ..................
aphylactus
11.
10. Head hair 7 with five to ten branches ....................
This hair with four or five branches ; prothoracic hair 5, 6 and
7 simple ; siphon apparently without setae beyonr! the pect,en
stonei
..................................................
.12.
11. Siphon with two tufts beyond the pecten ...............
.15.
Siphon with more than two tufts beyond the pecten .......
12. Head hair 7 with eight branches ; prothorax with hairs 5, 6 and
.13.
7 simple ...........................................
.14.
Head hair 7 with five to seven branches ..................
13. Prothorax with hair 8 minute ........................
This hair long and thick ...........................
carioca
dubitans
neglectus
elongates
Siphon nine to ten times its basal width, not darkened at apex
hedys
..................................................
.16.
15. Siphon with simple tufts beyond the pecten ..............
14. Siphon fourteen times its basal width, apex darker .....
.17.
....................................
16. Only three simple setae beyond t,he pecten ; siphon twelve times
jenningsi
its basal width ...............................
Five simple setae beyond the pecten ; siphon nine to ten times
restrictor
its basal width ................................
.18.
17. With more than four tufts on siphon .....................
With only three tufts on siphon ; siphon ten times its basal width ;
hair 7 with six or seven long branches ...........
chryselatus
.t9.
18. Prothoracic setae 5, 6 and 7 simple ......................
.21.
Prothoracic setae 5 and 6 simple, 7 double ...............
Prothoracic setae 5 simple, 6 double, 7 simple ; anal segment without spicules on posterior margin ...........
imitator retrosus
With five tufts on siphon ; siphon nine times the basal width ;
rejector
head hair 7 with seven or eight branches * ..........
.20.
19. Siphon less than twelve times its basal width ............
Siphon twelve to fifteen times its basal width . . imitator imitator
20. Siphon ten to twelve times its basal width and with four pairs
inimitabilis juscatus
of tufts ...............................
Siphon eight to ten times its basal width and with four or five
pairs of tufts .......................
inimitabilis inimitabilis
21. Plate of anal segment with spicules on the hind margin .... .22.
This plate without spicules ; siphon with six or seven pairs of
worontzowi
tufts beyond the pecten .......................
22. Lateral tuft of anal segment with two or three branches
...............................................
reducens
This tuft, with five hairs ; siphon with four t!ufts beyond the
consolator
pecten .......................................
Culex
1943
CuJex Lane
(Microculex)
& Whitman,
1950 Rozeboom
& Komp,
syn.
ocelIatus
1905
Culer
1915
C. ocelhtus
1918
C. (M.)
Sur.,
1928
Rev.
Proc.
Dyar
Dyar,
Dynr
14
Sot.
& Knab
Howard.
ocellctus
Ent.,
Ent.
stonei
(net
& Knab
Ins.
405.
Wash.,
52
155.
Theobald),
(pro
Ins. Mens.,
Proc.
parte),
6
110
Biol.
Mon.,
Sot.
Wash.,
19
: 168.
446.
1923 Bonne
& Bonne-Weprter,
Mos.
351.
C. ocellatus
Dyar
(pro
parte),
Mos.
Am.,
351.
520
Fig. 552. -
CU~~X
(M~c~ocu~~x)
minal segments
stonei
Original.
1943.
Larva.
Terminal
ahdw
Pupa - (fig. 551). Tube broadened at apex, twice the basal width and a
little more sclerotized in the middle. Cephalothorax and abdomen without markings. Paddle twice as long as eighth segment.
Larva (fig. 552). Antenna shorter than length of head, the tuft at base
of apical third, attenuated after the tuft and ending in four spicules, two of them
apical. Siphon nearly ten times basal width, the pecten at basal quarter, a more
sclerotized ring at apex ; dorsal tuft (1 + 1). _4nal segment longer than broad,
slight1.y sclerotized on hind margin.
Type Zocality Trinidad
(B. W. I.). Type in TT. S. N. M.
Distribztfion Trinidad
(B. W. I.).
Culex
1906
Culex
1915
Howard,
Dyar
& Knab,
Dyar
1925 Bonne
1928
(ilIicroculex)
Pro?.
& Knab,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Dyar,
Mos.
Am.,
Biol.
Mon.,
Mos.
azymus
Ser.
3
Sur.,
Wash.,
19
169.
451.
246.
350.
Female - Proboscis as long as fore femur, blackish. Palpus three and a half
times the length of clypeus, blackish. Antenna as long as fore femur.
Mesonotum with brown scales. Scutellum brown scaled. Legs dark, undersides of femora, tibiae and extreme base of hind basitarsus white ; mid tarei white
on one side from segment I to V.
Abdomen blackish with basolateral white spots on tergites. on V forming A
narrow band.
Mule and pupa Unknown.
Larva -- Dyar (1928) : - Head nearly circular in outline, the antenna slender, uniform, with a single hair near the middle ; upper head-hair in three, short,
lower single, long. Lateral comb of the eighth segtnent of many spines in a patch
three rows deep. Air-tube subfusiform, about five times as long as wide, the pecten
on the basal third ; four posterior tufts and a single hair, three-haired, the first
within the pecten, diminishing in length outwardly. Anal segment as wide as long,
ringed by the plate, ventral brush posterior ; dorsal tuft two long hairs on each
side ; lateral tuft double, long. _4nal gills more than twice as long as the segment,
rather wide and tapered.
Type Zoculily Trinidad
(B. \Y. I.). Type in U. S. N. M.
Distrihtion
Trinidad
(B. W. I.).
Culex
1906
C&z
Dyar
1910
Theobald,
1915
Howard,
1918
Dyar,
1925
Bonne
(Microculex)
C Knab,
Mon.
Dyar
Ins.
J.
Cul.,
N.
& Knab,
Ins.
Menu.,
1928
Dyar,
Rozeboom
Mos.
Am.,
jenningsi
Ent.
Sot.,
15
1906.
204.
615.
Mon.,
C Bonne-Wepster,
1950
Y.
109
Mos.
443.
1925 Dyar,
Sur.,
id.,
13
177.
244.
356.
& Komp,
Proc.
Ent.
SOP. Wmh.,
52
155.
SE
TT
Nab - Genitalia : (fig. 522). Basistyle with a patch of straight and hooked
setae on inner internal margin ; apical lobe nude except for a preapical slender
seta and two long apical hooked setae, the lower one shorter. Ninth tergite with
plane interlobar space, the lobes elongate and bearing three or four setae each. Mesosome with developed and curved hook.
Pupa - Unknown.
523.
522.
Fig. 522. -
525.
(Mieroculex)
jenningsi
Larva - Dyar (1928) : - Head elliptical, wider than long ; antennae slender, a tuft at the outer fourth, the part beyond slightly more slender ; upper headhair in four, lower single, both long, anteantennal tuft multiple, short. Lateral
comb of the eighth segment of many spines in a patch. Air-tube long and slender,
straight, somewhat flared at base, about twelve times the basal width, pecten on
the basal fifth, sparse and open, followed by three minute tufts or single hairs.
Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate, the ventral brush posterior ;
dorsal tuft two long hairs on each side. Anal gills about as long as the segment,
tapered.
Tzjpe locality - Panama,
Canal,Zone
Tabernilla.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Panama.
Culex
1927
1928
1935
1950
(Microculex)
hedys
Root, 1927.
153.
Culex
1951
Culex
(Microculex)
Lane
& Whitman,
reducens
Rev.
Bras.
Biol.,
11
1951.
354.
Female Unknown.
Male - Palpal segment II with a white ring, other characters as in C. consolator.
Genitalia : (fig. 531). Basistyle having the apical lobe with a protuberant
columnar process, the two setae with hooked apex and also with small setae at
base of lower margin ; upper division near columnar process, formed by a protuberance having a thicker seta followed by two slender ones. Dististyle long, nearly
as long as basistyle. Ninth tergite with elongate lobes, three times the basal width,
with three or' four small setae.
Pupa Tube (fig. 532), elongate, a little thicker at base, attenuated in the
middle, expanded at apex, with a darker ring before bsse and at apes. Cephalothorax with a triple dorsal tuft.
,4bdomen with segments IV and V with B of four or five branhes ; C in segment III of four branches and more than half as long as segment ; B of \I with
multiple tufts and less than half as long as segment.
Larva - Siphon (fig. 533) wit,h twelve to fifteen times basal width and with
seven to nine very small tufts formed by three or four hairs placed beyond the
pecten, such tufts are more lateral than ventral. Anal segment with hind margin
of plate spiculose ; lateral tuft of anal segment with two or three hairs.
Type locality - Brad,
Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Type in U. S. S. L-I.
Distribution Brasil,
State of Rio de Janeiro.
Culex
1935
Culex
1950
Rozeboom
1961
Lane
IV
(Microculex)
Pesda
& Galdo,
& Kemp,
& Whitman,
Proc.
Rev.
woroutzowi
Rev.
Biol.
Ent.
Bras.
Sot.
Biol.,
Hyg.,
Wash.,
11
353.
c c
524
I. E s
Genitalia : (fig. 528). Basistyle with columnar process bearing a few setae
upper division of apical lobe with seven or eight setae inserted on a protuberance.
Ninth tergites with the lobes rounded and bearing a few setae.
Fig.
528. (Microculex)
phyllus
Root,
86;
Lane
&
7: fig. 12).
538.
5 31.
528.
(Microculex)
worontzowi
lrs~&~
& Galv50,
1935;
Culex
Culex
reducens
Lane
& Whitman,
1951;
fig.
538.
(Based
on Pessaa
& Galvlo,
1927.
Male
genitalia.
11
351
and Root,
Whitman,
1951,
Rev.
Bras.
Biol.,
fig.
531.
(Mirroculex)
Rev.
Biol.
1927,
Am.
G&x
microHyg.,
6
J. Rye..
PUQU Tube (fig. 529) thick and expanded at apes, with a darker ring
before base.
Abdomen with segment II having hair C triple or four branched, the elements
slender ; IV and V with long setae R.
Larva - Siphon (fig. 530) very variable and from seven to sixteen times basal
width, tufts formed by five or six pairs of tufts divided into four to six branches
and bearing also a subapical pair of hairs. Lateral tuft of anal segment double,
rarely triple.
Type locality Bras&
State of S. Paulo, Tabatinguara
and Cantareira.
Type in F. M. S. P.
Distribution - Brad.
Sitates of S. Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
Culex
1908
Culex
Dyar
1915 Howard,
(Microculex)
& Knab,
Dyar
Ins.
Proc.
& Knab,
1918
Dyar,
Ins.
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
1937
Lane
1950
Rozeboom
1951
Lane
& Whitman,
syn.
1927
Cukx
Mens.,
Mon.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Am.,
consolator
Biol.
Sot.
Wash.,
19
169.
3 : 439.
109.
Mos.
Sm.,
243.
351.
& GuimarTies,
9n.
& Komp,
Paul.
Proc.
Bol.
trynchnua
Bras.
Root,
Med.
Ent.
Sot.
B~ol.,
Am.
J.
& Cir.,
33
Wash.,
11
Hyg.,
52
: 212.
: 155.
352.
7
585.
Female - Palpus five times as long as clypeus with white band. Abdominal
tergites with basal white bands. Hind tarsi with white markings on IV and \over more than half the segment.
CULEX
525
---
_i
Culex
1942 Culex hduze,
(Microculex)
kukenan
Anduxe, 1942.
558.
Culex
1906
1915
1918
1925
1928
(Microcules)
inimitabilis
inimitabilis
125.
1933 Antunea $ Lane, Rev. Biol. Hyg., 4 : 26 ; 1935 Pes&a & Galvz?io,id.,
1950 Rozeboom & Komp, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52 : 156.
1951 Lane & Whitman, Rev. Brs. Biol., 11 : 361.
6 : 86.
541.
1906 ; fig. 544.
neglectus
Lutz, 1904 ; Epig. 541. Culex
(Microculex)
aphylactus
Male genitalia.
Basistyle and ninth tergites. (Based on Rozemboom & Komp,
from Lane & Whitman,
1950, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52: figs. 19 and 20; fig. of neglectus
1951, Rev. Bras. Biol., 11: 351).
Fig. 534.
Culex
Culex
(Microeulex)
inimitabilis
inimitabilis
Dyar
&
Knab,
(Microculex)
Root1927.
Culex
1951 C&z
(Microculex)
inimitabilis
fuscatus
361.
1951..
Female - Similar to the typical form except the abdomen which does not
have basolateral white spots.
Mule Similar to typical form except that the lobes of the ninth tergite
are slightly longer.
Pupa - Tube similar to typical form, (fig. 535).
Abdomen (fig. 536) with a darker stripe on dorsal portion of segments II-IV,
in II and III with two rounded light spots inside darker areas. Hair B of III very
long, nearly twice the length of segment, in IV and V double, in VI formed by a
tuft of six hairs less than half as long as segment.
Larva (fig. 537). Head with hairs 7 in six branches. Posterior cephalic
dark spot not reaching margin. Siphon twelve times basal width, with four small
tufts beyond pecten. Anal segment longer than broad, the tuft very small.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro, D. F. - Type in U. S. X. hL.
LXslribution Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro.
Culex
(Microculex)
restrictor
169 ; I928
Female - Proboscis a little longer than fore femur, dark brown, expanded
at apex. Palpus three times as long as clypeus, dark brown.
Antenna filiform,
549.
Fig. 54i.
Cnlex
(Microculex)
stonei
restrictor
slightly longer than proboscis. Occiput with slender scales, brown with broader
brown ones intermixed, ocular margin white and united with the patch of white
scales on mentum.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe light brown with brown setae. Mesonotum with
brown integument, lighter on the sides ; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae in rows ;
covered with brown scales except anteriorly and on sides where they are white.
Scutellum brown scaled with 3-5-3 setae. Pleura blackish yellow.
Legs brown except femora which are internally whitish.
Abdomen : Tergites dark brown except verv small baso lateral white spots ;
sternite whitish, the colors separated on the sides-in a straight line.
Male - Palpus dark brown, slightly longer than proboscis. Antenna shorter
than proboscis and strongly plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 547). Basistyle wit,h elongate columnar process ending in
setae a and b which are hooked, a inserted before b ; between the columnar process
and upper division some slender setae ; upper division of six setae which are very
united and inserted in a protuberance, one of them smaller the other larger, both
pointed, the remaining four setae foliaceous. Mesosome with hooks slightly curved.
Ninth tergite with rounded and sparsely setose lobes.
(fig. 548). Hairs B long and double on segments III and V. Tuft
Pupa -4 double and short in VI, triple in ITI1 and multiple in VIII.
Fig. 548. -
Culex (Microeulex)
restrictor
Dyar
& Knab,
1906.
Pupa.
Original,
Culex
(RSicrocuIex)
davisi
&mm,
1933.
150.
Female - Proboscis dark, slightly longer t.han fore femur. Palpus four times
as long as clypcus. Occiput with broad, golden, forked scales.
Thorax : Mesonotum brown ; covered with slender broad scales ; acrostichal, dorsocentral and prealar setae developed, long and in rows. Scutellum with
3-6-3 setae.
Legs dark, femora whitish ventrally as well as femoro tibia1 and tibio tarsal
joints which are whitish.
Abdomen with blackish tcrgites except for large basolateral spots which
can form bands.
Male - Proboscis blackish, longer than fore femur. Palpus longer than proboscis by nearly the length of the last two segments which arc acuminate, white
at base. Antenna moderately plumose.
x9
CULBX
Genitalia:
(fig. 560). Basistyle with columnar process elongate, with seta a
inserted beyond b, both pointed, four setae below ; a distinct upper lobe with two
long setae above and two shorter ones below, a small seta basally. Ninth tergites
with interlobar space concave, the lobes rounded, broader than long and with
five or six setae.
560.
Big. 560. -
561.
559.
(Mieroculex)
davisi
Pupa - Tube flared at apex, with a black ring before base. Abdomen with
first three segments slightly darker in the middle. Hair R simple and shorter than
segment in II ; in III double and shorter than segment ; in IV-V double and nearly,
twice as long as segment ; in VI double and one and a half times the length of
segment ; in VII very short and double. Paddle two and a half times the length
of segment VIII and ending in two or three hairs, very slightly spiculose at apex.
Larva - Head broader than long, the mesial tuft multiple. Antenna as long
as head, spiculose on basal two thirds, a tuft of three or four branches beyond the
middle which is attenuated.
Prothoracic hair formula 3.1.1 2 1.1.2 1. Siphon five times the
basal width, uniform, pecten on basal third with seventeen teeth ; threaTairs
of three branched tufts beyond the pecten ; dorsal tuft with three long setae.
Eighth segment with thirty or forty scales in three or four rows. Anal plate broader
than long, with sparse dorsoposterior spicules ; dorsal hairs (1 + 1) ; lateral hairs
double, long and slender.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Baia, Silo Salvador. Type in 13. M.
D&&&.&on
Bra&l,
State of Baia.
Culex
1904
1907
1908
1918
1925
1928
1950
1951
(Microculex)
neglectus
156.
Lutz,
1904.
530
CULEX
___--.
--. _~
Fig. 569. -
Male genitalia.
CJex
(Mieroenlex)
elongatus
Rozeboom & Komp, 1950.
Basistyle, dististyle and two aspects of mesosome, also ninth tergites. (Based
on Rozeboom & Romp, 1950, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash. 52: 148, figs. 1, 2, 8
and 4).
531
CTJLEX
Culex
(Microculex)
elongatus
Culex
1927
1928
1950
1951
(Microculex)
aphylact
us Root,
1927.
156.
Female - Palpus three times the length of clypeus. Mesonotum dark, with
a tendency for white scaling on anterolateral margins. Abdomen dark with basolateral white spots.
Male - Palpus slightly longer than proboscis.
Genitalia : (fig. 541). Basistyle with two pairs of elements formed by two
setae mesially and a leaf and a seta laterally in the outer division ; on the line
from base of inner division to the leaf a strong and a rather fine seta. Ninth tergites
somewhat convergent, the lobes three times as high as wide. Hooks of mesosome
pointed and not bending back sharply.
Pupa - Tube simple, without apical flaring, evenly sclerotized (fig. 542).
Abdominal segments I and II with light sclerotization but unspoted. Segment
III with a single fine hair, B half as long as segment, C double and nearly three
fourths as long as segment. Hair B of IV and V usually double, rarely single or
triple ; hair B of VI double or triple and as long as segment.
Larva - Siphon as in fig. 543. Similar to C. microphyllus.
Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro, rio Soberbo. Type in
Type locality U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro.
Culex
(Microculex)
microphyllus
Root, 1927.
156.
Female - Proboscis dark. Palpus two or three times the length of clypeus.
Mesonotum uniformly brown, without white markings.
Abdomen dark with
632
--
0
-
-.-_.-.__
TJ
_-
basolateral white spots occasionally forming bands. Legs dark, the femoro tibia1
joints white.
MnZe - Palpus longer than proboscis by the length of last joint.
Genitalia : (fig. 538). Basistyle with columnar process divided at apex to
recieve separately setae a and b which are hooked ; below apex with short, straight
setae, above with a broad, short leaf and two setae, all of them inserted on separate
tubercles. Mesosome with plates extending well beyond retrose hooks which are
rather stubby and end in a recurved point. Ninth tergites knoblike and roughly
one and a half times as high as broad.
Pupa - (fig. 539). With a peculiar sclerotization on segment II of abdomen
which encloses two spots. A small patch of light pigmentation on segment III.
Tubes simple, tubular, with two sclerotized bands.
Larva - Head with hair 7 of two to four branches. Siphon (fig. 540) slender
and from ten to thirteen times basal width, bearing a central and a subapical pair
of very fine lateral t#ufts. Anal plate longer than wide ; lateral tuft microscopic.
Gills twice as long as anal plate.
Type locality - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution - Brad,
State of Rio de Janeiro.
Culex
1951
Culex
Lane
(Microculex)
& Whitman,
carioca
Rev.
Bras.
Biol.,
11
1951.
Female - Palpus twice the length of clypeus. Mesonotum with two broad
silvery stripes which are approximate anteriorly and do not invade the central
portion which is dark and separated in a straight line. Scutellum with silvery
scales. Abdomen with basal white bands on tergites. Hind t,arsi with basal white
rings, on segment IV over less than half the segment.
Mule Palpus dark.
,
3 69.
Pig.
culex)
phyllus
521.
(Microculex)
inimitabilis
fuscatus
Lane
Root,
1927;
fig. 543. -
Cnlex
(Microculex)
Dyar
& Knab,
1950.
Larva.
359 and a few
562.
Culex
(Micro1951,
fig. 537.
Culex
(Microculex)
mieroCulex
(Microculex)
aphylactus
Root,
1927;
fig. 546. negleetus
Lutz,
1904
fig. 562. Culex
(Microculex)
daumastocampa
1908
fig. 569.
A. Culex
(Microculex)
elongatus
Rozeboom
& Komp.
(Based
on Lane
& Whitman,
1951,
Rev. Bras.
Biolo..
11 (3)
Siphon.
original
drawings).
~ulex
carioca
Lane
& Whitman,
& Whitman,
540.
1951;
CULEX
53
Genitalia : (fig. 519). Basistyle with columnar process bearing two strong,
pointed setae ; at base and over this process there are developed setae which
become sparse as they reach basistyle ; apex of basistyle with a thicker seta ;
upper division with a secondary patch of fewer but thicker setae. Hooks of mesosome pointed and slightly curved.
Pupa - Tube (fig. 520) as in C. imitator imitator.
Abdomen with hair C with two long branches. Segments IV and V with
hair B of two or three long branches, in VI in two to four feathered branches half
as long as segment.
Larva - Prothoracic hair formula x.x.x - 2 - 1.1.1 - 1. Siphon (fig. 521)
with a dark ring at apex.
Type Zoculity - Brad,
Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Brad,
Rio de Janeiro.
Culex
(Microculex)
gaudeator
sot., 15:
Culex
1903
1906
1908
1915
1916
1918
1925
1927
1928
1931
1931
1935
1950
1951
(Microculex)
imitator
imitator
Theobald, 1903.
534
rryn.
CULEX
1
513.
565.
527.
530.
533.
515.
518.
524.
535
CULEX
imitator
imitator
Theobald, 1903;
fig. 514. Culex
Lane 62 Whitman, 1951;
fig. 516. Culex (Microculex)
fig. 519. Culex
(Microcnlex)
carioca
Lane &
Lane & Whitman,
1951;
Whitman, 1951.
Male genitalia.
Basistyles; mesosome and ninth tergite.
(Based on
Lane & Whitman, 1951, Rev. Bras. Biol., 11 (3) : 351).
Fig.
Cnlex (Microeulex)
512. -
(Microculex)
dubitans
Culex
imitator
retrosus
(Microculex)
imitator
retrosus
1951.
356.
Culex
(Microculex)
dubitans
1951.
526
%O
535
53
532
532
539
(Microeulex)
carioca
Lane
dubitans
Culex
lQO8 Culez
(Microculex)
Dyar
1915
Howard,
1918
Dyar.,
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar,
IQ50
Rozeboom
& Knab,
Dyar
Ins.
Mens.,
& Bonne-Wepster,
Mos.
Am.,
V.
Mon.,
6
537
daumastocampa
Proc.
& Knab,
Ins.
109
Mos.
S. Nat.
3
Mus.,
35
1908.
58.
435.
1923 Dyar,
Sur.,
id.,
11
179.
245.
355.
& Komp,
Proc.
Ent.
SOP. Wash.,
52
154.
Yemale Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, dark brobvn. Palpus
two and a half times the length of clypeus, the color of proboscis. Occiput, with
golden, narrow scales mixed with forked yellow ones, the margins with silvery
scales.
Thorax : Pronotal lobe with whit,ish scales. Mesonotum with brown integument, acrostichals an anterior pair, dorsocentrals about, six, very long, proclinate
setae ; covering of bronzy central scales and a lateral line of golden ones which
are united anteriorly, there are also white scales on prescutellar region. Scutellum
wit,h white scales on mid lobe and 3-5-3 setae. Pleura light brown with a darker
median stripe.
Legs : Fcmora whitish internally and at apex ; tibiae white at apex ; with
very small basal white spots on first three segments of hind tarsi.
Abdomen : Tergites brown with large basolateral whit,e spots.
Mule Proboscis slightly longer than fore femur, blackish. Palpus foul
fifths the length of proboscis, blackish. ,4ntenna a little shorter than palpus.
Genitalia : (fig. 561). Rasistyle with very short columnar process, seta cz
much smaller than b, both pointed, three short setae below ; above with eight
setae, most of them curved, internally a straight pointed seta. Mesosome with
a retrose curved tooth. Ninth tcrgite with broad interlobar space, the lobes small,
as broad as long and with three or four setae.
Pupa Unknown.
Lnrva - (fig. 562). Prothoracic hair formula 1. ?.? - 2 - 1.1.1. 4 very short.
Head rather angularly rounded, wider than long ; antennae
Dyar (1928) : stout, rather large, a tuft at outer third, the part beyond scarcely more slender ;
upper head hair in four, lower single, both long, ante-antenna1 tuft. multiple. Lateral
comb of the eight)h segment of many scales in a patch, the posterior ones large.
Air-tube long and slender, flared at base, about seven times as long as basal width ;
pecten on the basal third of long open spines, followed by four tuftas, all five haired,
approximate on the outer half of the tube, decreasing somewhat in length outwardly.
Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; ventral brush posterior ;
dorsal tuft of two long hairs on each side ; lateral tuft triple, minute. Anal gills
as long as width of segment, slender, pointed.
Type Zoculitg - Panama.
Type in V. S. N. M.
Distdmtion
Panama.
Culex
1904
C&Z
1907
Theobald,
Lutz
1908
PeryassG,
1910
Theobald,
1933
Kumm,
1950
Rozehoom
(in
Bourroul),
Mon.
OS Cul.
Mon.
Bul.
$
(Microculex)
Ent.
Cul.,
Mos.
Brazil,
Cul.,
Res.,
Komp,
alhipes
Brazil,
6.
Sot.
Wash.,
Lutz,
1904.
406.
194.
355.
568.
Proc.
Ent.
52
: 168.
Pemale - Proboscis blackish, slightly longer than fore femur. Palpus three
and a half times the length of clypeus, blackish but with broad white bands. Clypeus blackish. Antenna with yellowish torus, as long as proboscis. Occiput covered
mostly with golden scales.
._,
3s
T_!
T,
I,
Thorax : Pronotal lobe golden scaled. Mesonotum with dark brown integument ; covered with dark scales and a pattern of golden ones ; nude longitudinal
lines between the dorsoccntral and acrostichal setae ; dorsocentrnl setae longer
than the acrostichals. Scutellum with pale scales in the middle.
Legs dark. Femora lighter ventrally.
Femoro-tibia1 and t,ibio tarsal articulation white. Fore and mid tarsi with rings on first three segments. Hind tarsi
with small white rings on first three segments, IV and V white.
Abdomen dark with basolateral rounded white marks. Sternites white at
base and blackish at apex.
Male - Kumm (1933) : - The adult male is indistinguishable in the gross
from the adult male of C. pleuristriatus. The last two tarsal segments are not almost
entirely white, as they are in the female of C. albipes, but have narrow white basal
rings like those of the other tarsi. The other coloration and scale distribution is
the same as that of the adult female of C. alhipes, except that the palpi have white
basal rings of scales on each segment and in the middle of the long segment as well.
In length, the palpi exceed the proboscis by about the length of the last joint.
Genitalia : (fig. 559). Basistyle with columnar process elongate ; seta a
inserted a little before b, both pointed ; short setae below ; a distinct upper lobe
with five straight, setac and another shorter one below. Nint,h tergite with broad,
concave, interlobar space, the lobes rounded and with four slender setae.
Pupa - Unknown.
Larva -- Head broader than long, darker behind, the tufts of four or five
slender branches. Antenna rodlike, very sparsely spiculose, with a single very
short and slender seta beyond the middle.
Thorax : Prothoracic hair formula 1 (long). 2 (slender short). 1 (long) 1 1.2.4/5. Siphon stout, four and a half times the greatest width ; four tufts
of three sctae, the first within t,he pecten, a very small, pointed apical two or
three haired tuft ; a dorsal tuft of three long branches. Pecten with sixteen scales.
Anal segment broader than long, spiculose on posterodorsal margin ; dorsal setae
(1 + 1) ; lateral hair single, long ; ventral tuft sparse. Segment VIII with two
rows of eighteen scales.
lqpe locality -. BraSI,
State of Bafa, S. Salvador. Type in B. M.
&stribution
Brad.
State of Baia.
Culex
1961
Cdes
Lane
(Micraculexj
& Whitman,
Rev.
aureus
Bras.
Biol.,
1951.
11 : 349.
1,
539
Pupn (fig. 558). Tube longer than other species of this group, blackish
before base, attenuated beyond middle. Ccphalothoras with a long triple seta,
other setae small.
Abdomen with hair B as long as segment in III, quite longer than segment
in IV and V ; in VI double and longer than segment. Paddle three times the
length of segment VIII,
apical spicule strong.
cw-
33
556.
,.
5 :, n
(Microeulex)aureus
Fig.
557.
C&x
Lane
& Whitman,
1951;
(Micr~cule~)
intermedius
Lane 8 Whitman,
1951:
fig. 553. Culex
Root,
1927.
Bssistylc
and
ninth
tergite
of
Male
genitalia.
& Whitman,
1951.
Rev. Bras.
Biol.,
11:
351
figure
of gairus
from
1950
Proc.
Ent.
Sot. Wash.,
52:
fig.
24).
fig.
556.
(Mi~roculex)
gairus.
(Based
Rozehoom
--
C&X
gaims
on Lmne
& Romp,
Larva - Antenna short, uniform, sparsely spiculose and with a single scta
beyond middle. Head darker in a narrow band on hind margin. Hair 4 in four
branches, 5 in six, G in four, 7 a multiple tuft, 8 simple, 9 in a tuft of nine branches
Body spiculose. Prothoracic hair 5 and 6 simple, 7 double, all long, 8 smaller
and divided in eight branches.
Siphon varying in size, thick, posteriorly with three multiple tufts beyond
pecten and decreasing in size, followed by a small simple hair. Anal segment
ringed by the plate which is much broader than long and has a strong spiculosity
formed by pointed elements on hind margin ; dorsal tuft (1 + 1) ; lateral hair
with t$wo or three long branches.
lype locality - Brasil,
State of Rio de Janeiro, I). F. Type in 1;. S. X. M;
State of Rio de Janeiro.
Distribution - Brasil,
CuLex (Microculex)
1906
C&x
Dyar
1915
Howard,
1918
Dyar,
1925
Bonne
1928
Dyar.
1950
Rozeboom
& Knab,
Dyar
Ins.
J.
N.
& Knab,
Ins.
Mens.,
Mon.,
6
8: Bonne-Wepster,
hlos.
Am.,
t
Y.
rejector
Ent.
3
Sot.,
14
441.
109.
hIos.
SW.,
Ent.
Sot.
245.
356.
Komp,
Proc.
Wash.,
52
: 15.5.
CULF,X
.______-
- .-.-
Culex
1919 C&x
--
(Microculex)
Dyar
& Knab,
Bonne-Wepster,
1925 Bonne
1928
Dyar,
1950
Roseboom
Mos.
.-
Am.,
Ins.
_ ---
-_
chryselatus
Ins.
Mens.,
Mos.
Sur.,
250.
Ent.
Sot.
5 ;
3ill
_-.--------
1923 Bonne
& Bonne-Wepster,
id.,
11
125.
352.
& Komp,
Proc.
Wash.,
52
155.
Female - Proboscis blackish, slightly longer than fore femur. Occiput with
narrow golden scales.
Thorax with light brown integument.
Mesonotum with more than anterior.
half covered with golden scales, the posterior one with coppery scales and somt*
golden ones intermixed. Scutellum with golden scales. Pleura wit,h brown transversal stripe.
Legs dark. Femora white ventrally and with subapical white spot. Tibiae
white at tip, the hind pair with basal and median spots also. Tarsi wit.h segments
white at base.
Abdomen : Tergites dark, white basal spots on segments III to V : basolateral spots on all the segments.
Male - Proboscis one fourth longer than fore femur. Palpus exceeding proboscis by last and half the penultimate segments ; segment II with a ring in the
middle, III and IV with a white one at base. Antenna quite plumose.
Genitalia : (fig. 563). Basistyle with short columnar process ; seta a in a
distinct lobe from b, pointed ; above six to eight short pointed setae. Mesosome
with slender hooks. Ninth tergite with the lobes longer than broad and with
four setae.
563.
Fig.
563.
(Microculex)
Culex
(Microculex)
chryselatus
566.
Dy;tr
kukenan
1903.
(Based
fig. of kukcnan
tyle;
mesosome
568.
&
G&X
Ent.
Sot.,
Iin;~b,
fig.
1919;
(Microculex)
Sot. Wash.,
7: 558).
5tid.
pleuristriatus
52:
Xale
figs. 15
genitalia.
Cl&X
Lutz,
and 21
Basis-
Y,rp (fig. 564). Tube long, slender, crooked, a black mesial ring. Hail
B long and doubie on segments IV to VI. A short and triple B tuft in VII, long
in VIII.
Paddle more than twice as long as segment VIII
wit.h a short spicukh
at apex.
La~vcc- (fig. 565). Prothoracic hair formula 1.1.X - 2 - 1.1.1. - 1. Dyar
(1928) : - Head subcircular, wider than long ; antennae rather long, a tuft at
outer third, the part beyond more slender. Upper head-hair mult,iple, lower single,
anteantenna
multiple. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of many scales in a
patch, the posterior ones larger. Air-tube very long and slender, straight, twelve
times as long its basal width, a sparse open pecten on the basal fourth, followed bj
three small tufts, the basal three-haired, the others two-haired.
Anal segment
longer than wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush posterior ; dorsal tuft, of two
long hairs on each side. Anal gills much longer than the segment, slender.
Type locality Surinam.
Type in U. S. N. M.
Distribution Surinam : Colombia : Brad,
St,ate of Par&
Culex
1903
CuZex Lutz
1904
Lutz
1906
Dyar
1908
PeryassG,
(Microculex)
(in Theobald).
(in Bourroul),
& Knab,
1915
Howard,
1918
Dyar,
J.
OS Cul.
Dyar
Ins.
Ins.
J.
Mos.
N.
Y.
& Knab,
Hyg,
1927
Root,
Am.
1928
Dyar,
Mos.
1933
1935
Kumm,
Bul. Ent.
PessGa & Galvlo,
1938
Kumm
1956
Roaeboom
Am.,
& Novas,
43.
Sot.,
14:
209.
192.
Mon.,
Sur.,
7
1903.
177.
437.
Mos.
Lutz,
pleuristriatus
Cul.,
Brazil,
Ent.
Brazil,
Mens.,
Bonne-Wepster,
Mon.
& Bonne-Wepster,
id.,
11
123
1925
Bonne
&
247.
581.
349.
Res., 24
Rev. Biol.
562.
Hyg.,
_4m. J. Hyg.,
& Komp,
Proc.
Ent.
27
Sot.
86.
503.
Wash.,
52
156.
Femdc - Proboscis dark_, slightly longer than fore femur. Palpus four times
a+slong as clypeus, dark but with two white rings on base of segments, these rings
can be indistinct.
Occiput with golden forked scales mixed with slender, curved
golden ones, on sides and mentum they arc white and broad, in the rest blackish.
Thorax : Mesonotum with dark brown integument, with dark scales and a
large pattern of golden ones. Scutellum with golden scales on lobes.
Legs dark except femora internally which are white and also femoro tibia1
and tibio tarsal joints ; the hind tarsi have narrow white rings.
Abdomen with dark tergites and large basolateral white spots besides small
basomedian ones. In some specimens the spots can form bands.
iWale - Palpus longer than proboscis bv the length of t,he last and half the
penultimate segments ; with distinct white rings. Rest as in female.
Genitalia : (fig. 566). Apical lobe of basistyle with columnar process developed, seta b thick, a slenderer ; below and on process two or three pointed setae,
as long as a and smaller ones ; upper division with five long setae inserted on
tubercles on a single protuberance, also a smaller s&a between the upper division
and columnar process and a tuft of setae at apex and near the dististyle. Mesosome
high, the hooks distinctly curved.
Pupa (fig. 567). First four abdominal segments slightly darker. Tube
elongate with a darker ring before base, expanded at apex. Setae of cephalothorax
in a tuft of three long setae.
Abdomen with hair C simple and a little shorter than segment in II, in III
double and as long as segment ; 13in IV and V double and nearly twice as long as
segment, in VI triple, the elements divided at apex ; tuft A of VII small and with
four feathered branches, in VIII with twice as many branches as in VII and also
feathered. Paddle three times the length of segment VIII and ending in a strong
double or t,riple spicule.
Larva - Antenna short, uniform, with a single hair beyond middle ; integument darker on sides and posterior margin of head ; hairs 4 and 5 simple, 6 with
five or six branches, 7 triple, 8 simple, 9 a tuft of five or six slender, developed
branches.
Body nude. Prothoracic hair formula 1. ?. ?. - 3 - 1.1.2/3 - 6/7.
Abdomen with scales of segment VIII in a patch. Siphon three and a half
times basal width ; with four tufts beyond pecten, the first three long and double
c u
513
or triple, the fourth small and simple. Anal segment ringed by the plate and with
strong posterolateral spiculosity, the spicules feat,hered at apex ; dorsal setae
(1 + 1) ; lateral hairs two, long. Gills large, broad and long.
Type locality - Bras&
State of S. Paula, S. Paulo. Type in B. M.
Distribution - Brasil,
States of R. de Janeiro, S. Paula, Baia, Par& Middle
coast states : Surinam
: Trinidad:
Guianas.
Culex
1927
1928
1931
1933
1950
(Microculex)
Root, 1927.
gairus
156.
Pig.
554.
Culex
(Microculex)
gairus
Root, 192i.
Pupa.
Original.
Abdomen with hair C simple and a little shorter than segment in II, in III
double and as long as segment ; B in IV and V triple or four branched and nearly
twice as long as segment, in VI with six or seven feathered branches and a little
shorter than segment ; tuft A in VII small and with four feathered branches ;
in VIII with double the number of branches which are also feathered. Paddle three
times as long as segment VIII and ending in a strong double or triple spicule.
Larva - (fig. 555). Antenna short, uniform, with a single hair beyond middle.
Head darker on sides and hind margin ; hairs 4 and 5 double, 6 four branched,
7 with four or five branches, all quite developed, 8 triple and 9 simple.
Body densely spiculose. P. h. f. ? L ? - ? - 2 - 1.1.2/3 - 1 - 5/S.
Abdomen with a large patch on segment VIII.
Siphon four times the basal
width ; four tufts of hairs beyond the pecten, the first three long and double or
triple, the fourth small and simple. Anal segment ringed by the plate and witch
544
- . -~
Pip.
5.55.
Culex
(Microculex)
--
C
-I_-
gairus
1~ E S
---
Root,1927.
_.
__._
Larva.
Origimil.
Culex
1951
Culex
Lane
(Microculex)
intermediw
& Whitman,
Bras.
Rev.
Biol.,
11
1951.
348.
Xnsertae
sedis et species
inquerenda.
Wiedemann, 1828.
Petrocchi, 1923.
Culex (Melanoconion)
decorator
Dyar & Knab, 1906 - - Only larva
known.
Culex (Melanoconion)
epirus Aitken, 1908.
Culex
(1Melanoconion)
fasciolatum
Lutz, 1905 Only female
known.
Culex florense
Petrocchi, 1923.
Culex fusco Petrocchi, 1923.
gravitator
Dyar & Knab, 1906 Only
Culex (Melanoconion)
larva known.
Culex (_Melanoconion)
humilis
Lutz, 1901 (in Theobald) - IMale
with the genitalia broken. Adult seems to belong to subgenus
Culex
aestuans
Culex
chaquense
Microculex.
Culex
(Melanoconion)
Theobald, 1903 -
indecorabilis
Only female
known.
Lutz, 1905 - Only female known.
Theobald, 1901 - Only female
Culex
(Melanoconion)
lugens
Culex
(Melanoconion)
nigricorpus
known.
Romero Sierra, 1907.
Surcouf & Rincones, 1912.
Petrocchi, 1923.
Culex
nigritulus
Culex
romeroi
Culex
saltefio
Culex
(Melanoconion)
Dyar
simulator
& Knab,
1906 --
0111~
larva known.
Culex
(Culex)
tisseuilli
Only larva
known.
Bibliography
of
CULEX.
SEE ANDUZI, (19X!), DAVIS & SHANNOK (1924), DYAR (1922, b and 1924 i), DYAR
& TOV~~R (1928), PENNA (1921), PESS~A & GALVXO (1935).
.~NDUZE, P. J. - 1935 - Observaciones sobre larvas de C&x (Subgenero Lutzia).
Bol. Sot. Venezolana Ci. Nat., Caracas, 20 : 438-442.
___
1942 - Culex (Culex) beauperthuyi sp. nv. Sanid. y As. Sot. Venezuela, 8
(3) : 459-461.
1942 La fauna Culicidiana de Venezuela. Descripci6n de una especie
nueva. Rev. San. y As. Sot., 7 (4) : 557-560, 1 fg.
1943 - Estudi& de entomologia mEdica en el Estado MBrida (Venesuclaj.
La fauna culicidiana.
Descripcibn de Culex (CuZex) albertoi. Bol. Ent.
Venezolana, 2 (4) : 188-196.
-1948 - Fauna Culicina de Venezuela. Descripcicin de cinco nucvas espkies.
Bol. Ent. Ven., 7 (l/Z) : 60-66.
546
---
CULEX
CULEX
547
DYAR, H. G. & KNAB, F. - 1909 d - The identity of Culex pipiens. Proc. Ent. Sot.
Wash., 11 : 31-39, 3 pl.
--1909 f - Mosquito comment. Can. Ent., 41 (3) : 101-102.
-__
1941 - New mosquitoes from Peru. Ins. Ins. Mens., 2 (4) : 58-62.
---1915 Notes on the species of Culex of the,Bahamas.
Ins. Ins. Mens.,
3 (8/10) : 112-115.
--1919 New species of Tropical American mosquitoes. Ins. Ins. Mens.,
7 (l/3) : l-9.
DYAR, H. G. & LUDLOW, C. S. 1921 - Two new American mosquitoes. Ins.
Ins. Mens., 9 (l/3) : 46-50.
-1922 - Notes on American mosquitoes. Mil. Surgeon, 50 : 61-64.
DYAR, H. G. & SHAN~ORT,R. C. - 1924 a - A new Crllex from Panama. Ins. Ins.
Mens., 12 (l/3) : 46-48.
Ins. Ins. slens., 12 (Y/9) :
__
1924 g Another new Cu2e.r from Panama.
143-144.
EVANS, A. M. - 1923 b - l\;ote on *iledinus amazonensis. _4n. Trop. Med. & Par.,
17 (3) : 377-380, 2 fgs.
FLOCH, H. & ABONNENC, E. 1945 c Description de Culex nouveaux de la
Guyane frangaise CltZex (Melaconion) cauchensis n. sp., Culex (Melanoconion) cayennensis n. sp. Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Ter. Inini, 112 : 6 pp
--1945 Culex (Melanoconion) cavemicolus n. sp., CuZex (Melanoconion)
c~quinoxiulisn. sp. Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Ter. Inini, 114 : 5 pp., 2 fgs.
----1946 - Description de Culex nouveaux de la Guyane franpaise (III) CuZex
iMeZanoconion) rabanicolus n. sp., CuZex (Melanoconion) rorotaensis n. sp.
Ins. Pasteur Guyane Ter. Inini, 120 : 6 pp., 2 fgs.
-__
1946 - Description de CuZex nouveaux de la Guyane francaise (IV). Culex
(Melanoconion) punctiscapularis n. sp. Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Ter. Inini,
122 : 3 pp., 1 fg.
__1947 -Distribution
des ?Iloustiques du genre CuZex en Guyane FranCaisc.
Ins. Pasteur Guyane et Ter. Inini, 146 : 9 pp.
JENNINGS, A. H. - 1909 - The eggs of Lutzia bigotti. The Can. Ent., 49-50.
KOMP, W. H. UT. 1926 - A new C&x from Honduras. Ins. Ins. Alens., 14
(l/3) : 44-45.
c_1932 - -4 new C?LZex,Culex uomerifer from Panama. Psyche, 39 (3) : 79-82.
__1936 c - Description of nine new species of CuZex, seven from Panama and
two from Venezuela. An. Ent. Sot. Am., 29 (2) : 319-334, 27 fga.
___
1935 - Notes on the validitv of the types of the species of the subgenera
Mochlostyrax and MeEanoconion in the U. S. Nat,. Mus. Proc. Ent. Sot.
Wash., 37 (1) : 1-11.
KOMP, W. H. W. Rt BROWN, C. G. - 1935 - Culex jubifer, a new species of CuZex
from Panama. An. Ent. Sot. Am., 28 (2) : 254-255, 3 fgs.
KOMP, W. H. W. & CURRY, D. P. - 1932 - A new ClrZex from Panama. Psyche,
39 (3) : 82-84, 1 fg.
KOMP, W. H. W. & ROZEBOOM, L. 1951 - Descriptions of eight, new species
of C~clex subgenus MeZanoconion. Ent. Sot. Wash., 53 (3) : 121-137, 8 fgs.
KUMM, H. W. - 1933 - Mosquitos breeding in bromeliads at Bahia, Brazil. Bul.
Ent. Res., 24 (4) : 561-573, 2 pl., 12 fgs.
LANE, J. 1945 Quatro espkies novas de C~clcx da rcgigo Neotr6pica.
Rev.
Ent., 16 (l/2) : 204-209, 7 fgs.
LANE, J. & WHITMAN, L. - 1943 - Novas espkics de CuZex do Brasil. Rev. Ent.,
14 (3) : 389-408, 17 fgs.
1951 - The subgenus LTlicroculex in Brazil. Rev. Bras. Biol., 11 (3) : 341366, 34 fgs.
LUDLOW, C. S. - 1905 - Mosquito xotes. Can. Ent., 37 (11) : 385-388.
PALACIOS, A. M. - 1950 - Identification de 10s mosquitos Mesicanos de1 s,lbgenero C&ex por la genitalia masculina. Rev. Mexicana H. S., 11 (l/4) :
183-187, 2 pl.
548
C u
_.
_.-
T, E X
___-_
PRATT, H. 1). & SEABROOIC- 1952 - The occurrence of Culex iohnbdis in Florida
and Puerto Rico, with a description of the larva. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash.,
54 (1) : 27-32, 1 pl.
PRATT, H. I>., WIRTH, W. W. & DENSIXG, D. G. 1945 - The occurrence of
C&x opisthop~s in Puerto Rico and Florida, with a description of the larva.
Proc. Ent. Ent. Sot. Wash., 47 (8) : 245-251, 2 pl.
RIPSTEIN, C. - 1935 - Los mosquit,os de1 Valle de M&co.
An. Ins. Biol. Mcsico,
6 (S/4) : 213-233, 21 fgs.
ROOT, F. M. - 1927 - Studies on Brazilian mosquitoes. The genus Gulex-. 111
Am. J. Hyg., 7 (5) : 574-598, 6 pl.
ROTH, L. M. & YTOUNG, F. S. 1944 - Culex (MeZunoconion) atrntus in Florida ;
a new continental Xorth American record, with notes on t,he other M&noconions of the Souteastern U. S. An. Ent. Sot. Am., 37 (1) : 84-88.
~ZOZEBI!OJI, I,. E. - 1935 a - C~lcx rooti, a new Cules from P:n~tma. ,111. Ent .
Sot. Am., 28 (2) : 251-253, 3 fgs.
-__
1936 --- The larva and adult of ClcZex rooli. An. Ent. Sot. Am., 29 (2) :
266-267, 2 fgs.
ROZE;BOO>I,L. E. & KOMP, W. H. W. - 1948 - Three new species of Czllex from
Colombia. J. Par., 34 (5) : 396-406, 20 fgs.
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1950 - A review of the species of C&x of the subgenus Melnnoconion. AIL
Ent. Sot. Am., 43 (lj : 75-114, 91 fgs.
--1950 - A new ,%?icrocztlex,elongatus, from Colombia, with notes on th(t
subgenus. Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 52 (3) : 147-157, 24 fgs.
SENEVET, G. - 1946 - Soies prothoraciques et soies pleurales chew les larvrls dti
quelques Culex. Ar. Ins. Pasteur Algerie, 24 (3/4) : 308-314.
SEN~Z~ET, G. & ABONNENC, E. - 1939 d - Les moustiques de la Guyane Franqaisrb.
II. Le genre Culex. Ar. Ins. Pasteur Algere, 17 (1) : 62-134, 34 fgs.
1941 - Les moustiques de la Guyane Frangaise. Le Genre CuZex (2). Nouvelle espece du sous-genre Melanoconion. ,4r. Ins. Pasteur Algere, 19 (1) :
41-44.
.__1946 - Lcs ;\Ioustiques de la Guyane franpaise. X. Le genre CuZex (3).
Nouvelle especc du sous genre C?iZex. Ar. Ins. Pasteur dAlgerie, 24 (2) :
135-140, 1 fg.
YTONE, A. -- 1950 -- The larva of C&x foliaceus. Rev. Ent., 21 (l/2) : 277-239.
V.-\IWAR, 1,. & BELTRAN, 13. -- 19-11 Culex quinquefascintils, a new vector of
Plasmodium gallinaceus. Sciencia, Mexico, 94 (2443) : 389-390.
M'IRTH, W. W. - 1945 -The
occurrenctb of CuZex (Melanoconion) elevator in Florida,
with keys to the Melanoconions of the TJnited States. Proc. Ent. Sot.
Wash., 47 (7) : 199-210, 3 IJl.
Imprimiu:
iNDirSTRIA
RUA
GRAFICA
AUGUSTA,
ENC
235
10.687
SIQUEIRA
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SAO
1953
S/A
PAUL0