Moción para rescindir o cierre administrativo: ¿cuál es la diferencia?

Angelica Rice • Mar 09, 2023

Click here to read this article in Portuguese and English

      El sistema de tribunales de inmigración de los Estados Unidos actualmente está abrumado con cientos de miles de casos de inmigración que aún no se han adjudicado. En un esfuerzo por manejar este volumen de casos y eliminar algunos de sus casos atrasados, el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS, por sus siglas en inglés) y el Tribunal han flexibilizado sus políticas sobre la terminación y el cierre administrativo de ciertos tipos de casos que han considerado no ser casos prioritarios de ejecución. ¿Entonces, qué significa esto? ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre cerrar administrativamente un caso y terminar un caso? ¿Es esto algo que desea perseguir en su caso? Continúa leyendo para averiguarlo.

Cierre Administrativo


    El cierre administrativo es una herramienta de gestión de expedientes judiciales que se utiliza para pausar temporalmente los procedimientos de deportación. Asunto de W-Y-U-, 27 I&N 17 de diciembre de 18 (BIA 2017). El “cierre administrativo” de un caso elimina temporalmente el caso del calendario activo del juez de inmigración y lo pone en espera hasta que el Departamento o el abogado del demandado haga una moción para “reprogramar” el caso. Para que se cierre la administración de su caso, el Departamento debe estar de acuerdo con el cierre administrativo.


    Los jueces de inmigración pueden cerrar casos administrativamente por una variedad de razones, una de las más comunes es cuando se trata de un caso de baja prioridad o “sin prioridad de ejecución” y el Departamento no desea proseguir con la adjudicación del caso en este momento. Otra razón común para el cierre administrativo es cuando un Demandado tiene otro recurso pendiente con la USCIS, y la decisión sobre ese otro recurso afectaría el caso del Tribunal del Demandado. Por ejemplo, si un demandado tiene una petición I-130 actualmente pendiente con la USCIS pero también está en un proceso de inmigración, el juez puede acordar cerrar administrativamente el caso del demandado para esperar la decisión de USCIS sobre el I-130. Lo que significa que no se programarán audiencias futuras en el caso del Demandado hasta que el Departamento o el abogado del Demandado tomen medidas para volver a colocar el caso en el expediente activo del Tribunal. Si se aprueba el I-130, el demandado puede solicitar que se vuelva a programar su caso y solicitar que su caso judicial sea finalmente desestimado. Si bien su caso está cerrado administrativamente, en ciertas circunstancias, aún puede solicitar un permiso de trabajo.

Terminación de Procedimientos


    Si considera que su caso no debería presentarse ante el Tribunal de Inmigración en absoluto, ya sea porque ya se le ha otorgado otra solución o porque no se le colocó correctamente en los procedimientos o por alguna otra razón, el Demandado o su Abogado pueden presentar una Moción solicitando que su caso sea desestimado.


    La desestimación de los procedimientos significa que ya no tiene un caso con el Tribunal de Inmigración. Según las políticas actuales del DHS y del Tribunal, se alienta al Departamento a ejercer su discreción procesal y aceptar desestimar los casos que no son prioridades de ejecución; lo que significa que el demandado no es una amenaza para la seguridad nacional, no tiene antecedentes penales o ingresó a los Estados Unidos antes de noviembre de 2020. Sin embargo, si su caso judicial es desestimado y usted no es elegible para ningún otro remedio y/o no puede solicitar alivio con la USCIS, entonces no podrá obtener un permiso de trabajo y simplemente estará en los Estados Unidos sin estatus y sin beneficios de inmigración. Es por esta razón que a veces el Demandado opta por no solicitar la rescisión y desea seguir adelante con su caso en el Tribunal.   


      Determinar si alguna de estas opciones es adecuada para usted puede ser complicado. Debe consultar a uno de nuestros abogados de inmigración calificados para determinar si el cierre administrativo o la terminación son adecuados para usted y su caso.



Este blog no pretende ser una asesoría legal y nada aquí debe interpretarse como el establecimiento de una relación abogado-cliente. Programe una consulta con un abogado de inmigración antes de actuar sobre cualquier información que lea aquí.


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