Hala Skaf-Molli

University of Nantes | UNIV Nantes · Département Informatique

XML-based file format must be validated against its DTD in order to be visualised. In cooperative editing, the replication of XML documents in different sites allows to ameliorate the availability of data. After the reconciliation of the different replicas of the initial document, it is possible that the result of the merging does not validate the...

Learning Designs (LDs) are used to describe, at the conceptual level, a learning experience in form of a teaching/learning process that is based on a particular pedagogical model. More precisely, LD defines which activities need to be performed by teachers and students, under which conditions and with what resources to enable students to achieve th...

As the global marketplace becomes more and more competitive, corporations of- ten need to cooperate in order to utilize the best of their resources for achieving their common business goals. This kind of collaboration gives a corporation a possibility to use the capabilities of their business partners that they do not currently have. In ad- dition,...

The growing importance of exchanges and collaborations in all business areas calls for fast, efficient, and flexible models of computer- supported cooperation. As the traditionnal client-server paradigm is ham- pered by its structural limitations, the interest of the Information System Community is aroused by the promises of alternatives known as p...

Nous nous intéressons à l'édition collaborative. Dans ce rapport, nous prenons Wikipédia comme exemple et nous jetons un coup d'œil pour en tirer des leçons. Wikipédia est un projet collaboratif avec un but de créer une encyclopédie libre, multilingue et gratuite sur le web. Wikipédia est basée sur des serveurs web utilisant la technologie Wiki. Wi...

During collaborative writing, shared documents are replicated on geographically distant sites. Each user works on an individual copy. This results in divergent copies. Merging techniques such as those proposed by the Operational Transformation (OT) approach reconcile the differences among the replicas and ensure their convergence. Although the merg...

In recent times, Wikipedia has opened the way to massive collaborative editing. More specifically, it has demonstrated what can be achieved with a massive collaborative effort. Massive collaborative editing implies scalability and pessimistic replication scales poorly in the wide area. Optimistic replication offers better performance but has severe...

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. nationale.

Developing a collaboration solution, that scales to an entire organization, that oers an integrated collection of cooperation tools, that is general enough to address a large range of applications, and that is easy to deploy for most people, is still an open challenge. This paper presents ToxicFarm services that are an integral part of a framework...

La réconciliation de données divergentes est un des problèmes clefs de l'informatique mobile, ainsi que des systèmes de gestion de configuration. Malgré le nombre important de synchroniseurs et d'outils de fusion qui traitent ce problème, aucun critère de correction d'un processus de synchronisation n'existe.Dans cet article, nous proposons d'utili...

The world is witnessing a dramatic increase in the availability of knowledge and information due to the proliferation of the Internet. Virtual enterprises are new collaboration models, which enable the sharing of knowledge within and across organizations over the Internet. The chapter is concerned with both providing a knowledge-sharing infrastruct...

Contribution à un ouvrage.

Workflow management systems are now widely deployed for handling administrative and production applications. In order that the workflow management systems keep supporting a larger range of applications, several research works have been launched to improve the workflow technology. This paper reports on the CORVETTE [1] project, an experiment in deve...

Reconciliating divergent data is an important issue in concurrent engineering, mobile computing and software configuration management. Currently, a lot of synchronizers or merge tools perform reconciliations. However, they do not define what is the correctness of their synchronisation. In this paper, we propose to use a transformational approach as...

Reconciliating divergent data is an important issue in concurrent engineering mobile computing and software configuration management. Currently, a lot of synchronizers or merge tools perform reconciliations. However, they do not define what is the correctness of their synchronisation. In this paper, we propose to use a transformational approach as...

The proliferation of the Internet has revolutionized the way people work together for business. People located at remote places can collaborate across organizational and national boundaries. Although the Internet provides the basic connectivity, researchers all over the world are grappling with the problems of defining; designing and implementing w...

In real-time collaborative groupware, shared objects are replicated on distant geographical sites. Each user works on his own copies. This implies the divergence of different copies. Operational transformation approach makes it possible to reconcile the divergent copies. It allows to ensure the syntactic consistency of the copies by ensuring: conve...

In the context of cooperative work, a team alternates divergence phases where each member works in insulation on copies of objects and convergence phases during which the group reconciles and validates data. To support this style of working, we propose the concept of SAMS environments. A SAMS environment allows team members to work in Synchronous,...

Tools like SourceForge or BSCW have pop-ularized virtual teams through the web. They allow peo-ple to work together distributed across space, time and or-ganization. A member of a virtual team can work dis-connected on his private copies of shared objects with cy-cles of divergence-convergence. Divergence occurs when people are working "insulated"...

Workflow systems are now successfully used in numerous administrative and production applications. Following this success, a lot of research has been launched to keep workflow technology supporting a larger range of applications. This paper reports on CORVETTE project, an experience in developing a cooperative workflow system by integrating a comme...

Awareness widgets facilitate coordination for both synchronous and asynchronous groupware systems. Unfortunately, they cannot be used for multi-synchronous groupware systems, where people work simultaneously but disconnected on the same project. With a group of architects', we have designed a new awareness widget for multi-synchronous groupware sys...

Due to the popularization of Internet, cooperative applications are expected to become commonplace on the WEB. We are especially interested in cooperation in temporarily virtual enterprises. This paper introduces a new operator, called coo, which contributes to a better organization of the interactions between cooperating activities than current wo...

Virtual team provider is an emerging business on the Internet. It allows people to work together distributed across space, time and organization. Tools like BSCW or SourceForge allow an organization to host virtual teams. Although, these tools deliver functionalities, they lack required features (e.g. security, dependability and quality of service)...

Maintaining consistency of objects produced during cooperative software development activities is an important issue in the development process field. We propose a solution based on a specific transaction protocol which mixes a non-semantic and a semantic part. The non-semantic part is devoted to the correction of interactions between activities an...

this paper, a hybrid approach to support cooperation is presented. The originality of this approach is the ability to enforce general properties on cooperative interactions while using the semantic of applications to fit particular situations or requirements. This paper gives a brief idea about the general enforced properties on activity interactio...

This paper describes an approach to support cooperation in a workflow system. It is based on the combination of a cooperative transaction protocol (COO) and a traditional workflow model. This combination allows activities to exchange data during their execution. It also allows some activities to start in advance regarding the predefined control flo...

Current workflow models are mainly concerned with the automation of administrative and production business processes. These processes coordinate well-defined activities, which execute in isolation, i.e. synchronize only at their start/terminate states. If these models apply efficiently for a class of applications, they show their limits when one wa...

Due to the popularization of the Internet, cooperative applications are expected to become commonplace on the World Wide Web. We are especially interested in cooperation in temporarily virtual enterprises. This paper introduces a new operator, called coo (Co-Operation Operator), which contributes to a better organization of the interactions between...

This chapter has illustrated the complexity of cooperation control in software processes and the variety of approaches which can be followed to solve the related problems. Other work has been done on this topic in the context of Promoter: the EPOS approach can be compared with that of ADELE. Process Wise and SOCCA model cooperation from scratch as...

Coordination is crucial to support Virtual Teams. We argue that a coarse grained definition of tasks coupled with a pertinent awareness system based on divergence metrics can improve coordination by generating auto-coordination among members of the virtual team. We describe in this paper this idea and how divergence metrics can be calculated and pr...

This paper describes an approach which mixes both control of interactions and of behavior to support cooperation. Our general hypothesis is that people may agree to cooperate under the control of some computer system provided that it does not bother them more than necessary. Our approach tries to take this assumption into account while enforcing ge...

The COO system proposes a framework to organise the cooperation between developers of complex software systems. The key idea of COO is to base software process correctness on a safe transaction model: COO promotes an original advanced transaction model which integrates some general properties that define a very permissive core synchronisation proto...

Maintaining consistency of objects produced during cooperative software development activities is an important issue in the development process field. We propose a solution based on a specific transaction protocol which mixes a non-semantic and a semantic approach. This protocol allows software development activities, organised in a base/sub-base h...

This paper reports on the design and implementation of a software development framework named COO (which stands for COOperation and COOrdination in the software process). Its design process is first detailed and justified. Then, the paper emphasizes its layered and subject-oriented architecture. Particularly, it is shown how this architectural styl...