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Large-scale wind power grid integration challenges and their solution: a detailed review

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Abstract

Despite global warming, renewable energy has gained much interest worldwide due to its ability to generate large-scale energy without emitting greenhouse gases. The availability and low cost of wind energy and its high efficiency and technological advancements make it one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Hence, capturing large amounts of wind energy is essential today. The large-scale integration of wind power sources must be evaluated and mitigated to develop a sustainable future power system. Wind energy research and the government are working together to overcome the potential barriers associated with its penetration into the power grid. This paper reviews the social, environmental, and cost-economic impacts of installing large-scale wind energy plants. A valuable review of wind energy technology and its challenges is also presented in this paper, including the effects of wind farms on nearby communities, generation uncertainty, power quality issues, angular and voltage stability, reactive power support, and fault ride-through capability. Besides, socioeconomic, environmental, and electricity market challenges due to the grid integration of wind power are also investigated. Finally, potential technical challenges to integrating large-scale wind energy into the power grid are reviewed regarding current research and their available mitigation techniques.

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This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51777176).

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  1. School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Muhammad Shahid Mastoi, Shengxian Zhuang & Mannan Hassan

  2. School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Malik Haris

  3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Asif Ali

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Contributions

Muhammad Shahid Mastoi: data collection, analysis, and writing first draft preparation; Shengxian Zhuang: supervision, reviewing, and editing; Malik Haris: methodology and analysis; Mannan Hassan: data collection and analysis; Asif Ali: reviewing and editing, resources, and proofreading.

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Mastoi, M.S., Zhuang, S., Haris, M. et al. Large-scale wind power grid integration challenges and their solution: a detailed review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 103424–103462 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29653-9

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