Untitled

wt@, 

,r'Y/n '$we. 

-"n i (4,-4 !--.t't 2l f u.t 

ItflQ 94"t 1lY, i.t t'14 

ot, 

"'

_b(, Vqs ,J,/ 

:. l.' l-/c I 

ut 

C, ;r,, V n71 ut oj'PlE !.

t 

h 

GENIC CONIR,OL OF SOME QUANTITATIVE 

PARAMETE,RS IN GOSSYPTUM HIITSUTTJM L. 

'\'*..." 

BY 

MT'EAMMAD ZATTAR IQBAI 

M.Sc. (HONS.) AGRL (P.B.G) 

A thc,ti submitt d in panid finflrn ni 

of 0|c r!$ircmcnB for dhc Degtt 

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 

IN 

PI.ANT BREEDING & GENETICS 

FACIJLTY OF AGRICTJLTI,'RE 

UNWERSITY OF AGRICIJLTURE 

FAISAI.ABAD 

PAKISTAN 

1994 

l

th6 cnrFuc o! RubatLot{t,, 

unlv.lslty o! AqEl@l!ur., unalrntl 

Dott ol P 

lbhm 

oBrtLty th.t th. cont ntr rnil lo!t! ot !t€51. .ubolttad Dv 

E. |@UD lrrt'r torrt b!v. b.{ ldtrd ratLt cto4f 

eil !3c.@.rxt lbat lt b. Dtoo...6d lor .valurtlon !!' 

Rt mrr D.el|c(5| !d tho iu!!d 

cHlrtttt 

I{EUBIR 

xErlt!a 

I., th6 x.rbe!. o! tb. auD.lvi.dtt cdltt .i 

(m. xat' nrll) 

14 

tdd.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

rf oc6.r6 turn lnto ink .nd a1l tbe vooal b€co!6 

!€E, evs tho, tb. pr.ia€a ot a alt aIxIcHlY caDot b€ 

.xpr€6€d. lle elb ct4t6tt th. ulv.r56 and b€€tdad ttt 

banxlnd eith kndl,eilE6 .nat rlBild to s€&ch for lt. 

6eqet, I 3€t Dy un!€1gn.d and m€k tha*B 9ivi.9 b€fora 

H${-viHo f.vored And 1nv1go!!t6d n€ ulth the lolt1tud. 

and capablllty to .ptly co41.t. !y leEealch wo!k, 

I!6ib1j,n9 11p. .nd v.t eyer prats€ fo! lroph.t 

l{uha[ad (peac6 b. upoD h1D) lo! the irtsn.L .nit 

extsla1 blersl,Dq lor th. I1t6!at€, ilutelate, !ich, 

poor, eeake!, abt., dlaable, depuat€ and at€sert€d hlen 

r daq lt 

ol thla oppolts1ty 

!y .Iiost P1..6re to avail lYa6lt 

.xp!.8. by h6artlest gratituato .nit 

obligation to !y lit.al P6laonallty and rever€nil 

superyiao! P!ot€..or Dn. r|sEltll{lD ll.ln rf,ar, he sho 

tnspit€ of h1. buelast tlrlng rou€ln. volk acted .r leal 

sphltual lalhsr aDd plovlil.il h1E iletlouE guldanc€ antl 

valuablg 6ugg.6tlon6 throuqhout the6e !eF4!clt eltortg 

aDd prEent tloD o! thla r.huecrlpt.

v cddlll thad.3 |nil r'vdsntl'I appr6ci'tlon' 

go lndl.p.Fabl. lo! Da. nNr|ooa rE{lD rrtr' Dr' ttlt'\ltr 

rlnD .trar Dr. rtrtrt-gr-rEqtr sro rrlo 'Ieryt @11aboa't'd 

rh6n.v.r I souEh th.li h6IP' 

crltMclt1on5 b€colq 6ve' !or' heavl€! ens 

ncrlllng ry cldtil trt€tldr, n' Ftllllt rtlrl clllD'o 

,ho C.rct.d ttr.i! tb. !n trrotrg g4Phs 'D't liglr€' 'nd 

Thanl. rte. xNatD trslx !o! hlt a4E!t tvplnq o! thl' 

I a! !]to g!at6!u1 

.nal r,ll. uho ov.r Praved lor 

to !y allsotlonat€ tE!€ntE 

th6 succ..5 ol !Y .c.d€ulc 

rinl11y, th6 .!!o!B tb€l! r'eln 

'!' 

!$' 

rlttst ollD lalttl l0lr!

I 

ctlgnn m. 

II 

LIST OF CONIENIS 

'!II,E 

IMTiODUCIION 

nBvrEta oF LrlER fllla ... " " ' 

tl6l 

xrlERrtr,s IND AIBODS . .. " " ?9 

RESULt6 lllD Dracussro{s .---. 106 

6t IotaBY . ... . .. - .... 

LITERI1URE CITED ... . 

293 

297

I I 

I 

I 

tr 

TI'II 

LIST OF TABLES 

iiiiii!:i'a":truii:::i:::Iif ff ' 

cotron (q. !.i-rE!lc! L.) rn !,--- ^^ 

danaration durlnq the vear rebv-'u' 

EstIDateE o! !e.n Bquare-(6enotvpes' 

li?li!3li"l;liii!l'il..;;'!:"i; * 

colton (q. U-i!e\r!!E L l !n J1_-^ 

c.n.ratlo! during the vsar rY'u-'^' ^. 

H:I:i?":'.;1i:li:":.[:?."'t-".. "' 

6r borlE per Plant. 

e:t;::i]::l:::':":!::::.i:';."." "' 

iiiiii-i"i pt"'t ln r' e6n€lation' 

co€lflclent t6.t of 

of ditfsren! traltE rn r, 

:ffi 'I:'"*"."i";"1";'i"1:?1"' 

- 

116 

tabl. Pooled ove! -- 1ls 

and reaiProcrls ror Frr 

L22

:::i,::ii*l :i:':":$:::"i:'i""'". "" 

p€;centag. in Fr E€nerarron' 

rnalvslt of vari.nce 

and ir ggneratton for 

varlanc€ of r, and FI 

ol dlBlI€I data lor lrnt 

r HalI dtatlel tabte Poored ov€r 

" ;;;ir;;;i;;; una t"' ti"t 

Pe;centag6 ln r? g€n€raEron' '"trP'""or" 

I5 

rn.tv3l. of v.rl.nc€ 

.nd i' 96n€r.tlon lor 

of arr.YE in f' r27 

vari,anc. of Fr and Fr 

6f dlllt€r data lor rint 

li!'i"ii3l*.il"L. "'* "' 

:::i,::ti::: li!'LxiilSl.il'L.''". "" 

t!_dex li t' genelatron' 

vlllance of !r lhd F: - 

6l dhll€I data lor 6!apr€ 

i:iil!:iii;#li'i:lT"iri'.';' 

t{4

26 

analv.16 0l varl.nce 

and F, gsnerallon fof 

tabl. Pooled over - 

and rs;iprocals Et'pre 

iiii::iiiiri.i:?l:;iit':i:; 

A^alysts of vat!.n-ce 

and F:gen€ratron ror 

of arraYs tn r' 157 

iiii::ikx jtii;iri:L"'; 

varilnc€ of Fr and !r. -. 

6f dl6ltel dat-a tor YreE 

iiiii::iri!#$:i#iiF;#r' ", 

:ffi 'l:'"x".".'ir1'""1? 

""t.',T?," .'J'un 

163

2A 

29 

:::i,::il*l :i:':.3i9:::,:"!:"'.*'"" 

of s6e

3a 

Half dlallal 

adrvgl6 ot variance 

lnd F, q€n6ration ror 

:i:';"::;:::"i:";*,-"" 

;;3';.5;]!l.i!"i"'-'''"' 

.;";i:li:'":"[i 1""";" 

i:i:*'j:iti":ii:ii#"i":#'t' 

"" re. 

ot alr.Ys ln f' 199 

:ti;:i1*".t#f 'f.? 

" i:i::iiiilti":iiihliri$;trt'""'" 

li'dii*:*"f,';giljii'i*,," "'"' 

'" iii.v?i#:?','ir"tr*'.""m::":"0' 

!liiilitl';;iq'*v or lddrirv'doslnrnce 

i@er'

i*'l:l:5*httq+tfft*3l;' 

9""';;; i !i' !fi "?i ;'.",li""iii" -' 

.horinq conPl€t€ 'd'quAcy or 

ldditlve dontnancs lder' 

'.3' :::':i:?:':i.lllili*.i:."!::ii:'* '* 

6ho{inq Partial adequencyror- 

.ddltive dolintnc6 lder rn 'l 

Een6!a!ron' 

F values of qenotyP6g to! the tralE 

shotlng Eartiat .dsquacY or 

ddltlve dolrdnc€ !@sr' 

:#*:hilif{:i}#sPeci*c 

222 

tr*qglfi t'l;f l{::}!:;,""" 

i::i:i3'iliririilpti":ik:ii:il"'"

:i:lti:':.?:"::":::*#::'31'9"." 235 

i:!.::tlt"*"::; ii:li'?ll":l' *'" - 

iiiq.;i.ii r" i rxi aiarr"r cro" o' " 

f:i$;;$$i,'l,l 

3il',iiil,.- "" 

:;:iii;":,?:.:!':::':.::'!i!i!:(**' "" 

:i:g:$ii il""';$ iil;i"i';;;:. "' ', 

f f,i::;i$$i,.:'J#$:lili+' 

fr lxif llnii, 1i:,!*::till:+ 

r*r*fi *f ft :;;j:::",:ff ,;;, 

24r 

5s ;:li'i:i;:f(I$:?':::i.::ii'H"'ii"" "" 

i::ft :i;*":i;::":'""."^:l'.';'.'1 " " *

E f i:::,"i;E:P:i$#ii'::i ifi. "" 

thd.r llor€! dlagon.r) rn a Yx' 

dIlII.i croEE o! F, generatron' 

ili+ili'i+l!$:i:lii1l|iii,$i' 

;$*ili;i:!fu i.i4i:hlLr-*" 

52 Eatlr.teE of @e.'qur€' {36no!vpe3' 255 

raDltc.teE, erro' r' r'Lrv 

l$llilq:;$:li:i'fii;llL"tf"'fi 

;slltabllity' (b!o!'l sense). or, 

iiii.i""i qi"'itt"ti"" trai* rn F: 

;;:;;'i;"-;; qo!'YPiu trlrsutu L' 

*li*$**;ii**l;;'.. 

tr.tts o! F gener.rlon' 

"" (, Dtlect (in parentheets) and indlrect 237 

i$iii.n::i:ii'*::i::l'i,'i'ii'*i:' 

,lth vield.

tte. rc. 

ttl 

w 

vrl 

IX 

LIST OF FIGURES 

rr/w gr.Dh !d nrtLr 

Dtint {F 90.11116l 

rr!+w/Pv Er4b lo! !u.DIt'.! 

ts Dl.!t (& grler.Ero, 

ot bolt3 tt 

rE/ltr g!!rh for tlnl P6tgnt|Ee 

t.Flr.r/Pv grarh td 

ll!/v! grt9lr fo! lint tndsx 

E+vrlt t gltPh td llnt. lrdd 

cr!,/lt 94irh io! 5t.Dl6 l'nglh (!t 

x!+w/Pv EraPh tot 

tr/vr sflih. to-! tllE ttrs|eth 

tl!+w/Pv gEPh tot !1b!' Etr'rEth 

DI(r! 

lr. 

13r 

ua 

tl2 

150 

152 

160

xt 

xlr 

I('II 

xrv 

,(vI 

XgII 

tr/w qr.Pn for yi€Id ot tcd cotton 1ll9 

p.i Prst (n ssqAlron) 

::ts{T.E1r:.:'i'li'l,L:1ij,f 

rr/\rr ss.ib- fc .€.d utdd 

flrrwPv glaPh lor ..3d 1n6€x 

irl\t traPb- rd libE. fb'n€' 

firlvr/Pv g!!Ph !o. !lbr' !ln€n's3 

Est! dligru (t, gffat&nl 

la0 

LA7 

lBa 

242

CHAPTER I 

INTRODUCTION 

Tlr. D.ndat6 ol aErlcultule r6a€.!ch la to eaak 

tha e!y. to ploaluca Dor. anil bette! food, and flbrB at a 

r€duced p€! unlt c6t. cotlotr (G€swtun [ll!]tlL!! L. ) not 

onry P!ov1d6a clothi.g ald ahalter but rlao provia€E 

fooil, l66il luel fodde! aa e.u. cotton !!n:ka at tbe top 

for co@lclal exploltatlon of lts flble rnd gcondy ot 

mny count!1€6.IaoEt €ntlr€ly depEnda on thls al1ver 

fible lDat.o ls th6 caE€ u1!b laklstan. ullliona of hatdt 

are ebE.E.d ih €mtDg th€1! liveltibood lror sdtdE to 

stltchhg o! clotneE and oth.r dclllary lndustlI€. 

cotton 3€.d oll pays . subslantia! contrlbutlon to tbe 

pleBent tun6 o! oi1 anal ch€€, In th6 country. 

laco.ical1y, ilu. to great itport.nc. ol @tton 

plant, ! @mtdqable !.6s!ch rolk on th€ lDploveent ol 

thls croE haa b€4 carrlsd out bur st1ll ! lajor dll€Dia 

lhich a cotton bleed€! !!c6 16 hov to .tlbluze anit 

hcr€!66 th€ yleld of seed cotton on un1t.!aa bast6. rh6 

f.asod !o! th&, othor lban agEoDolic pactlceE i6 

bav.Ilabluty of g6n€t1c.11y adaptlve E€notype for a 

partlcular !!€a? Iack o! tnloEatlon .bout gsetlc 

.lohlt.olur. of cJo! qq.nritltlv. p.!.!.t.!r lnn

a..@latlon of the€€ palu6t6rs vj,th yteld, oil 

perc€nlag€, flb!. quantlty and othe! econoDlc 

characte.lEti*, xoe6ver, th. ne€il for contlnued 

iDprovdent o! E€n6tic alchlt€ctu!€ ol cotion lrr.nt ls 

even gE6at6! toiLy than befo!€ to !.c€ th€ prev.lot 

colplaa o! ili6ea3.3 lnd ln6ect pe6t6 lhd to Dllntaln the 

teDpo fo! uPratd .Dd 6tabta productlon. trl6 derlve suclr 

genetlc 1n!o!@tlon, it ts n6ce65a!y to conceivs ol a 

genotic tod.l, tn !.1a!1oD to Dt€ltal tb.t ir plopoE.d to 

b€ utlrfz6d. Dl.Iler closging ls oD6 such bpoltaDt 

ratlng sy.td, rhich t! $sd to e.tlD.te th. g€n.tlc 

colponebts o! va!1atlon In characler Ea vell aE €l!.ct 

ilu. to 96n.rar .nd Epeclftc cobblning abltlties. rh€ 

trovl,edg6 o! coDblnlDq abllity ls naca.saly !o! !:tloDa1 

cbolce ol paleht3 In hybrl.dizatlon p.og!a@€. 

Tho prsse.t stuily elth 9x9 dialtel cro66 

analysls vae carled out to knou th. Etr. of g.n€ 

actloDr In F1 and 12 populatioE aDil ,,ao1at1n9 botter 

clocr colblnaitong And b.tte! conblnlnE par6nta lb !1 ..d 

path-aE1y.i6 of lrplanil cotton in 12 genefation. rh6 

l.folnatloDa obtrlned ,IIt fulthe! h61p the cotton 

bleilel5 lD r€haping .ntl iDploving future cottoh 

breedlng and sgroctton Etlategl€B in th€ country.

CIIAPTER tr 

REVIEW OF LITERATT'RE 

ilple evldoc.. !r. !v!11!bl. 1n th6 llteratu!. 

regardtng vartou. stuiuea l1k gene aclionr coublning 

.bility, gsetic v.!!b111!y, coselation and path 

coelficienl analyBl8 ln cottoD (9. hjr€$uo L. ) 

rnv€stigated by a turber o! aclentlEtE alosd the vorld. 

the noEt relevant o! rhlch to the pre6ent !€s6a!ch a!€ 

reviesed hdaelth. 

a.l GAgEttc trqllata I,.D cotal|rl&t lttLltt 

sp..gu. and t tu! (r9a2) originally dgflrFit !.it 

clasgilieil cdbinlng.bluty lnto tro tll)s vi,z. gerelal 

coDbini.g ablllty .nd .D€cj,r]c coDblning abt1lrt, th€ 

ten general cdblnlng lbluty (cc}) ras Eed to itenot. 

tb€ .velage p.rlorenc. o! tl,n€6 1n byblid coiblnallon. 

anit the t€lr specMc coDbl,nl,ng lblrlry {EcA) va6 tlptlad 

to raf€. the (l6vhtlon o! cerlai! closs6s troD 

6\'pectatton oh th€ ba.l. o! the averagc Fdfondc. o! 

ttre line6 ihvolve.t. th6y also statgd rhat cciA ras du6 to 

aalditiv. gene elt.cts Arat scA ras dr to ttre qsa6 rhlch 

rse itdlnant o! .plstAtlc ln h.tua.

tqrnar (1953) concruded th.l the €stilaie ol 

valiance fo! 6p6clftc colbing rbulty (6:!) ror. !or. 

lbpoitrnt aa coDpale

tn.ny a!!!y. I'h€y lulth€r atudl€tl th6 lhpoltanc€ o! Euch 

yl,€ld colponents iD cheat vhlch tde liliUtively 

contlot1ed. They stated that th€ yiald pe! pl.nt ,.s 

@ht!o1l6d by ov.!-ilo!1nanc€ and tbat th. lnleractlon 

play.d 6 tleDendous 1016 ln the exp!€EEion of thl. 

tlatdan (1954b) Dot only atflmed th€ fotuulr. 

o! Jinxs, but .lao inv.Etlqat.d Dole colpl* genotlc 

sy6t€n, suEgestlnq (1) diProld 6e9r€gation (2) no 

di!!6renc€ bet een lecipro@ls (3) indePenated! rction o! 

non-.l1el€. (a) no Dultlple allaltsi (5) hoEozygoug 

pai€nts and (6) Eone d16tllbution lndep.ndentl,y b€tr6.n 

the pafents. The Btstistlcs obt.ined f!o! n€asu!6!6nts o! 

th. progeny provliteil estl@tes o! an overall il€gree o! 

donlnance o! th€ pareDts and EyM€tly or oth6lei6e o! 

gen. ili6trlbution 1n the llnes. The doDlnahco relatiora 

rar. exhlblted graphically, 

crlffing (1e55) enuncfatsd a 6tati€tical 

plocedula for .nalysls of dlaUel closE€. 1n . 

geD.!.riz€d th€olellcar lon. HB 6!996ted fou! Detboils 

of .nalysla d6psndlnq on vhethe! o! not tho Palental 

lnbrei! 11&a o! th€ leclplo€r 11 co6Esa, o! botb sd. 

lnoruded ln th. trl.l. H. rI30 d.!o!.tr.t.il tb. u.. o!

oth r.nilor .nd !i,t6d Eod€ts. 

!|lU.! lhd tt.r.nl (1963) lounal !n .t!,!€c1.b1€ 

.lount o! v.!hnc. du. to 9€D.!.1 coDbinlng .bu1ty !o! 

.11 char.ct.rs rbet:eai vArl.nc. ilu. to .p.cltic colibl,ni,ng 

.btuty ,ar luch aull.! ln llgnltudo anit €19!Mc.nt 

only 1n th!.€ cas6s; boU r€lght ln !1 anit lln€ y1eld.nd 

11nt Frc€nt.g. ln !2 9€n6!.t1or5. th.y !I.o r6port6il 

thrt tn€ r.lor portlon o! g€n€tlc vul.bllity !o! th6 

cha!.ct*. unal€! oba.wltl,on r..6ddlt1ve lD natE.. 

Yl.ld Indlcat. th. presehco o! soD typ. ot nor-laldltiv. 

l{daDl (195a) coniluct.al tro auaUot c!o.a 

.xp6lDnta lnvorvtnE varl.rles o! q. Itrqll|r and fL 

b&b.dan.. and conclud.d that the F6!!o!Dnc. of ttr6 

lntrasp€cillc crose€s 1n Dny c!s6s r.s rat.t.d to rh€ 

pdlon.nce ol pa!€rtlt vlrlstl3a. ccr s!!Gt. r|616 

.lgdllcaDt io6tly ln tla 1nt6!BpocMc so.s€s, rhtl6 

BP6cMc corblnlng .blUty .!!octs r.r. not slgnj.llcant 

lor any o! th. ttalts €xAlln.il. x6 .ugg6rt.it thlt in 

ble.dj,ng hybrld cotlon, lt 1. .dvanlaE6our to ..1.cr the 

E.!.nt. on th. ba.l! o! th€1! g€n€!.I colblning .b1l1ty 

fo! du.!! plrnt., Eloduction o! ro!. llovsr. lnd a hlqb 

D.!cant.q. o! bol:, r.t.ntlon.

vrbite ud {oh.I {1954) appued dlauel 

technique lo! th. study o! 1/r aElonoDlc ch.!act6!a in a 

ill.rrBl cro66 o! 51 ]1n€E of G. htreutun L. Aaldltlve 

valiation .xl6t6d lo! all tha chtracter but in addition 

parti,al iloDlnanc. ra6 d€t€ct6d ior y1.lil, bou, s126, 

nuib€t ot bol1s per plabt .!d v€96latlve ueight aa teu 

a6 corpl,€le o! u€r6ly cohllata dohiDanc€ fo! F€6dunE 

r{hlt€ (1955) stuilieil th€ lbhglitanc€ of soDe 

qu.nti,tatlva ch.!!ctss. He obs€lveal tbat lint y1s1d, 

llnt pelc€ntage, s6ed lrilex, lint lnde* and ea!t1nB$ ln 

S. h!!Eu!rD L. ese uDil€t addltlve g.n€tlc conttol. 

Doblnanco ea6 oDIy clgnlllcant fo! yisld o! Ee6al cotton 

Lee e! 3I- (r.e57) r€porlad that g€ndal 

cobbinlhE ablllty aEtiurt66 vers non-a1gniflclnt !o! 

y1€ld o! s6€d cotlon bu! 619n1!lcart lo! bou r€ight, 

Itnt pelc€ntaqe. !lb!e I€nsth, stlcnqth, olo.g.tlon aDd 

ilclona]!.. Th€ €.tlMt€ ol speclfic coEblning .btlitt 

rd. also non-3l9nlf:c.Dt fo! yield, h4ever tbeE. 

aEtlbatas u6r€ qreater 1n !!qnitud6. rh€ apscific 

coibining ablUty astiDat.a fo! rU the otha cbaracter6 

unds! 6tudy ee!. Euch .h.ll€!.

vehal6n and nuray (1957) uhIl. uslng dlauel 

analysla lor ascaltai,nlDg th6 E6n6ttc baEb ot .066 o! 

tfi6 parect€rs o! cotton ptaDt {q. hi?8uttrb !.) foud 

that long fible sa6 o! a! .v*aga partlally dolllant ov€r 

.hort flb!€. so!. doulnant qen.a app€ared to lncreas€ 

llbra @.!sene66 ehlle o!h*E at cr6sad. Additlv. 9€n€ 

rctlon lppear€d to gov.fn 6tr.ntth and so&e atoDlnant 

geDee alperad to tncreas€ 1!, lib!6 1engrh url 

blcronai!€ 6hor6d p.ltial fattae of diatl€1 a55uipt1on3, 

vhlle th€B€ assuptlon v.!e valld for flb!€ 6tr.ngth. 

A1-ll{1 and xohel, (1959) ,h11€ atudylng gen 

rctlon ln l.t.narletal clo66es ol cgllElE h.ueu!u! 

louhd tb.t non of !h. plraretgr (nubb6! o! boU. p€! 

Plants, boU 612., aad index, rlnt t *c€ntage .n.l yletd 

o! 6eeit cotton) paaEed t6Ers fo! lhe vatll:Uty ot itl.ltet 

.aauptions. Thoy observ€d epi.tAal,a ln nuD!€! o! boU! 

p.! ptant ahd boll size *hlra lultlple aUelie .nd 

pog3ibl6 co!!€l.t€d geD€ dlEtrlbutlon aEpea!€d to be 

preaert ln Eeed lnalex, 11.t pelc€ntage anat ylerd o! seed 

cotton. llh6 tliall.l an.lysl8 rev6.led thlt arl th. .bov6 

Dar&etera polts€netlcaUy lnherltad .Dit e).hlbited 

P.rtl.l iloDiEnc6.

v€rhalen and uurr.y (1969) coratucteal dtatl€I 

analyala o! .!.p16 t€ngth, flble sr!€nsth ah llb!€ 

llheagE on ro va!16t1€E o! cotton b6ton91!g to q. 

trii-Erl]rl! L. Ih€y colcludad that !ilr. 6rr6ngtb anit rtapl6 

l€ngth had eoDe alegr€a of partlat ddinlnc€ aDd trl6!€ r.t 

6vidence o! overdoDlnanc€ ro! flbr€ !ln.n.ss. 

Gupta dd singh (1970) lnv6stigated th6 

gaetica o! slx qiDing sDat tib!€ ch.!.ctcs 1n uit eight 

parentil itlallgl c!o6E o! Uptand cotton (c6s.btur 

bilEu!]tE !.) and !€polt€d that borh adilittv6.n

10 

dollrant E6ne elt€cts r6re high.r than .ititittv. valhhca 

and .alditive gen6 eff€ctE !o! yt€rd and bou nurb6r. 

thlt. addltlv€ q€!6 ellects ,q. loE€ 1lporr.hr ro! boU 

t61ght antl glnnlng outtuln. The!. ue!. €p16t!r1c e!!6cts 

for .l@st ..1.1 ch.r.cter. in .lt croses 

slnsh ann cupta (1970) tnf€!!€d !ro! aD €lEht 

pa!€nt ru,aUel cro6s lhat oslletss of EeDelaI anal 

specllic coDblnlng abillty ,e!o ei,gni?tcant !o! yie1.t per 

pr.nt, botl nuDbgrFr bolt eelqht, nubb€! of boropodl. and 

stdpctlla thlough rhe v:.1an@ due to gererat colbtntng 

abtlity re!€ tuo to four tlbes l!196! than tnos€ du. ro 

6CA. I 102 had th€ higheEt q.neral colbinlng abiuty 

etl.cts lor yield p€! pIlnt, avelag. bou v€1qht ud 

!u!!6r of atdpoatla? rhil€ r,ss b.d tbe htgDesr ccr €rlqcrs 

lor nubar of bolrs p€! ptant lnd nu!!6r o! !o!opotll., 

El-AtU lnd lrtlte! (19?1) 1nt€!!.at tha! F1 

yl.ldad 32.60 percent,or€ than th€ !1d pa.mt.nat 

exca€d€d the h1ghor p6r€Dt by 13.3 pe!cen!. Tne rlybrlil6 

alao €xc6rl6d thelr parents lor tb€ yl€1at corporeDrs ttte 

lin! pelcentage, relght p€! boU, ru4bar of bol1s, Ilrlt 

adil a€ed lnrtlce.. stgDittcart h€teloEi. ra6 arso det.cteal 

for nurbe! of Es*:t pe! bou. Adauttv€ genettc €flsctr 

u6r. coDcl,ud€d fo! .tI th. t!a1t. .tudt.d .xc.pr l,1nt

pelcentage. norev6r, the E6h€tic d€tglllnatlon o! the66 

tlatts tn the diallel populatioD ras noi c16a! since th6 

lupellolity or th€ hyblids ov€! tbalr pa!6nt6 lnd1cat6d 

!t ]€ast sor6 non-additiv€ eff€ct, 

singh e! !f. (1971) Etudl€il th. 9en6t1c o! 

yi61d. boll nubber. boll ,slshi, nebe! ol stdpodla anit 

ionopodla in an €1ght pa!€nts dl.ll6r cross sltlr divela6 

valiet1e. of cotton (CrqsEtlit:D h.usrllrE L. ). Addttlv. and 

dolinance g6nellc vallances ,e!€ sigDl.!Icant fo! al1 tha 

chdac!6r6 5tudieal. claphic a..lysis shoeed eplgtatj,c 

q6n6 actlon fo. all charactgls 6xcspt 8tlpodlr per pLant. 

t{oil6.te to loder.t.ly hlgb h€!1tab1uty lor dift.rent 

charact6!6 ve!6 .lao oba€lvail. 

v.rha16n e! 4. (197r) p€lfonad all.u€t 

!n!1y616 lor yleld per plant, llnt yi€Id p6r plant, llnt 

p.lc6ntage 6nd eatrlnes ustnE 10 661scted vdietlea of 

rrpland cotton, 45 tt crosses ahonE th6i and {5 F2 

plogdles of th6 crosEeg and observed p.rth1 !a11ure o! 

dl.Uel .Esunptlon6 to! alt tbe tlalt3 sfudled. Houever 

llnt pelcentaga io!€ ne.lly fullilled the assuptlonE 

than dj,il the DeaeuleDertg fo! ylerd or e$Iireaa. All 

tlait6 appea!€d to b6 govelneil by . teiEhted overall 

d.gr66 ot dorlnlnc€ Ln trr€ ovddo!1..Dc. rdge €ac.Et !o!

in rr !h*€ partl.I 

Abo-El-zahab .Dd altl-All. (1972) !€vEal€il that 

llDt pscent.ge and lfnt ilalex 9ov6rDed by additl,ve 

deladith and Brldg€ (1e72) concluded addltlve 

ellects ro! tj,bre strength, lineness, Unt pelcentag. alil 

a€€tt index. llovavq doDlnanc€ €ff€cta ,e!e g!e.t€! !o! 

boll siz€ and both ue!€ lnvolved for .!.pl€ lengtb 6nd 

lint yi€1d. 

Bak6! and v.!ha1en 

oveldoli,nance fo! 11.t yield, llnt 

rpan lenEth, partial ddinance lor 

coDplete doriDanco lor 2.51 6pan 

(r973) 

pelc6nta9€ .nd 50i 

!Ib!6 liDeDea€ lnd 

1€n9th .nd llbre 

Cha iraethl and l{eeD (1973) €Etlbated E€n€ttc 

valiance !o! ten chalactera uEilq tllallel anarysi. ol 

llve vart6t16. Th6 !€sulta Eho{ed hlgb addj.tlve gene 

coEponants fo! ylerd o! reed @ttoh .nd botl nuDbor per 

plant antt high doDidnce coEponents for plart helght vaa

13 

Ital

14 

Ilht p.rc€ntage ahd lint EtaeDgth. D@1n.nce ra. 

sig.lllcant fo! boll nuubs! p€ llBnt, boU e€lght, E€€it 

l.dox, Ilnt 16nqth, ftn6n66s and st!€nqth. lititltiv. x 

lioEln.nc6 eplBtasl6 vas slgnlflcant fo! boU Du[b{ E€! 

Plant. Donltuhe x il@inance epi6ta6i6 ,a6 dat6ctad to! 

aeed cotton y1€lit p.! Flant, boU nuber !E pl.rl, bo11 

relght, liDt Felcshtaqar rlnt lgngrthi fin6n€EE .nit 

xuDar e! !I. (197,t) rsv€.led thal th€r. ras . 

Pleponaterahc6 of non-addltlve gene .ction lor s6ed cotton 

yietd and h@b6r oa bolls pe! plant. Abong th6 tln6s us€it 

as !6!are Ru66ian li!e, Prs72 rG th€ be.t qehdll 

cohbln€! !o! nu&b6r of bolls and yielil of seeil cotton 

rhd. aa sr257 ra6 ths b€Et gen€lr1 @lbtner fo! glMj,trg 

Pelc.ntaga .ntl lirt 1nd6x. 

L€lort anil SchseniUlan (1974 a) revoaled that 

bolf r61qht, p*centaga lib!€ ylerd, flbre leDgth, 

Dlclohrl!€ lnilex anil yt€ld pd h6ctale h.d Elgn1licant 

aitilitlve ell6ctE. !o! ylsld p.r h€c!!r6 th€l! rls 

lnteractions b€t €en addltlve and non-addltlv6 6!fect6. 

ttelal per hectale, nuDb€! of bo11s, 1oo .eed *6ight a.il 

llbra lenslh ahosed overilo&1nanc€.

15 

L6!o!t and schv.ndlDan (19?a b) concluded floD 

. tlipl. hybrld of cossyplu! that E6naral coDblnlng 

$lrity €lf€cta r*a .19!MqDt lor yl.lit pa hectai6, 

nu&b€r o! trU€ , boll r€19ht, r.oo-aeeil veight. fib!6 

lelgth $d blcronaire lhd6r, sp€cific coDblning abitlty 

eEtlbligs 16!€ .igrlfLc.nt fo! ylglil p6! b6ctare, h@b6! 

of bolls, boU reight, !1b!e strebgth and !1b!e ldgth. 

Recto.oc.l ollects rele rlgnilj,calt fo! p.rcent.qe !ibr. 

yi€rd aDil flble 6t!o9th. 

lrbza 1L974) stu

on-aUe11c lntdlclion rele lDport nt tor yl.rd o! E€€at 

corto!, nuhb€! o! boua per plart and flb!6 stlansth 

eh.r.a6 botl relght .xhlbitAd .ddlt1v€ elf€ctE vlghout 

interactlon. cinnlng pelc€ntag6t stapl€ 1e!9th anat llb!€ 

fln.ress eas contlolled bt addltiv€ q4e lctioh rith 

partial tloDlnarc. lnvolvlng EoEa sen€ lnter.ctlon. 

ouan !l eL. (1974) raport6d that gsnelat 

coDblDing abillty €ffecta s4€ irpolt.nt fo! 6eed cotton 

y161d e&oElng the Fr6s6nc6 o! attdltiv€ typ€ ot gen€ 

actlon fo! this chahctd. ahey .reo at.tetl that th. b.st 

yieliUng palentE ploducsil tbe b€Et yl.1iung hybfldE. llh€ 

su of gen€ral cdblning ability €ffect8 re.s larg6! than 

th6 3u o! 6cA eflects lndi@tLnq that th€ naln coupoDent 

of geretic va!1.nce saa due to addltlve type or E€n€ 

actton. Furthe!, they founil that the g€netic varianc. fo! 

fible ploparties sas addltlvg, bu! ln case of t1b!e 

stlergth thd 3p€clftc coabtrtrq !b111ty r*a !o!e 

iDpo*ant Indlcatlnq th6 plesence of non-addltiv€ tytr6 of 

R.ale.n ahd Abo-ll-zahlb (1974) obaew6d that 

the eff€ct of gene6 controlllng llnt pa!c6nt.qe, I1nt 

lnal€x anat h.1o ldgth ua. atltlltlv€, but non-.alilttlv. tor 

e{llness, .66tt tndex and yt.rd o! ...d colton.

siDqh gl d . (1974) leported trrat addltlv. ard 

non-addillv. conponentE o! gen€tlc va!1anc65 ver€ 

iEp@tant lo! days to flov€rlnq, pl.Dt helght, bous pe! 

pl.nt, qlnninE pqrcentagB, nutb.! of .ldpoilial and 

lonolDdial braDch€E per pl.nt and flEl y1.ld lE Dlart. 

Bake! and velhal€n (1975) calcurated hlghlt 

slgnlflclnt estlDteg of ge.elal colbinl.g rbtllty dil 

ap€cific cobblnlng ab111ty for yl.ld, llhl perc4t.g€, 

Dj,eoGlrs, !ib!6 Etrsgtlt at 2,51 and 50t .Pd l6nEth. 

Th€ ccA/scA latlo ol varllncE colPonot6 lndlcaied that 

th€ adalitlv6 s€n€tlc vart.nca ,as o! approxlEatalv 6qual 

,,Dpo!tanc6 fo! llnt porcert.gs and ot 9.4ter lDport.nce 

for flb!€ p!op€!tl4 bur th6 dohlnrnc€ vaai 

lDportant fo! yleltl. 

Bary !! d. (19?5) concluded thlt seed hilex 

lnd 6eed oll cont.nt behaveil as qulntltatlv. cbd.ct6la 

controll6d by polyE.nlc syateD, tboy alEo obaefl6d that 

lrldtttv€ 96nettc v.ridc€ a@ou.l€d lor th€ 4Jd 

phenottFlc varl.nc. to. s6qil lDilex and oll cont€nt. 

fatii e! !I. (1975) concluded lhat 96n.t1c 

DechoiEr contlolllng tha nunb6! o! boug P6! plant vaE 

!u11 doDlEnca hd.r sid€ .paci.q .Dd additlve elth

I3 

partlal doElnanc€ unde! .!!!or spacfng. Addlti,ve tiD. of 

genq.crlon sith tittl6 aloblnaDce contlolleil tor the 

6xpr66aion ol bolt r6t9hr und6! botn the sp.cing 

coniUtlon. overdoDlnanc€ ulth E6ne lnt€lactlon und6r vlde 

apaclng and ov6r iloDl.anc€ bder Erd 5p6c1n9 

contlollad tha Dnllestatlon ol ths y1.Id chalact€!. In 

th6 ca6e ot glnntnq p€rcdt.ge hder vlde sp.cirg 

ov6rdoblnanc€ an

t9 

!o! llbr€ length aDil 6t!.Dgth anil p.!t1al doDinarc. for 

th€ oth.! cha!.clers. rFora, vl,J.y! and H.nock hAil the 

biqbeat gend6l @Db1nlng lbiuty allect€ but allal not 

gave hlqh 5p€c1lj,c coEblDtng ablrlty estlbale.. 

Iu4 sE !1. (1975) concluded froi the study o! 

. bali dlalral .€t ol croE€ed lnvolvlng twe1v6 A8(57) 

par€nt rnil itr a lull dtall.l 6€t rltb nln. rlbar 51 l1n€s 

that g€n€tic control o! .lf6ctj,v6 libr6 l.nqth, l1b!e 

buniu€ rtrenEth and D1clonai!€ valua lBra l.!g6ly 

lccostatl fo! by laldltlv. gene etlects. 

Pathrk (19?5) u8€d qoelatloD lou aFlyai. ud 

lobd that palthl iloelnlnca occu!.d !o! long !1b!.. ov{ 

sltor! !lbre6, ov.ldoninanc€ sovdh.d fot llbr6 !1mn6ss 

.nd addltlve gon. sction gov*ned lor flb!6 atlengtlt. 

Pathak rnd xle. (1975) Ldlcateit thlt th. 

natutB ol gde .cllon ra€ predobj,nlrtry nor-adalltlv. for 

Nut'6r or boll,a per p1$t and ylcld ot.e6d couoh. 

xainly ratatitlve g€ne actlon eaa losd lor boll {a19ht, 

nbbe! ol aeeda !e! bol,l and EtnnlnE p€!c6hl.sB. a clGe 

lelat1omhi.t, b€tv.o g€no!.l colb1Dlnq ab1uty eff6ct6 of 

tlt. pa!6nta artl lh.ir Ep6clflc coibtnins ablllty 6!!6ctE 

1n cr6.G r.r€ found, rbll€ Do! con.i.tot As6ochtlon

20 

vaa obsryeil botleq F€r se p*!oF.nc6 of parsrs anit 

th€1! corbinlnE abluty.!f€ctE. rt t. BusgeEtad thar th. 

cholc€ ot p.r€nts ghoulil bs based on pe! Fe p6!!orenc. 

and GcA effect€.nd such E.fents coutd tbd b. €xt toj,teil 

lor hyb!1dl production. rn Eenelal,r .It pa!€nts rlth b19h 

g.h.!.l conblnlng ablrity elfects u6!e iDvolv.at tn th. 

rEat cross coibinatlonE, iDdicatlns :ddlttv6 g€n€ 

wllaon aDit nllso. (1975) ue€d @Dptera illallel 

5€t .nat ahalya6al 12 aElonoDic.nd !lb!e chalacts6 ln 

live cotton (qoqevbrun hftEulu! r,.) .nil th€I! F1 hybititE 

atut loual tlut gsqal cobbining ab1Uty esttuteE ,er. 

a1snj,llcan€ lor nu&b€! o! bolrs p€! p1or, boll. eat pe! 

20 pl.nts, !1!8. Etr6ngtb, 2,5* sp.n t€nsth, Eot Epan 

lagtr| and rlcronaile. tt€ .pecMc @bblDlrE .bility 

estlut€s {rtrean squa!e6) 16!6 rlgnllicant lor bolts s€t 

pe! 20 prut, 6aed init€x. lint pelcentage and 5ot EpaD 

lsgth. T|6 r.ciplocat D€.n squa!6 ,€!e s1gntltcaDt tor 

Ee€d lnd6r, tlble strengrh anal Dtclona1!6, xonadditlv. 

varlatlon r.a glgnlfican! fo! tbU s1r6, seed hd6x anit 

xonoPtya and Fulsov 

rrybrtd. tld . co!pl.r. dllllel 

(1975) studl€d the !1 

€o.. bety..D .la

gAtlI!;UD htlsutur L. tlnas. censal collinlng .btltty 

Antl .pecMc coDbillng .bl,Uty 1616 BriE.t€it lor ylslil, 

boll v6lght, fib!€ yleld, flbla lagtb anal h€tght ol 

rtt.cteent of the fllat llqltlhq broch. Line 133 hail 

hlgh gddal colblnhg .bluiy and ld specilic colbtnlnE 

rbUi,ty fot yield and th€!.fo!€ displayed high Addlttvd 

E€n€ .ff€cts. Lln€ 1150 had htqb qene.al coEblnlng 

ablUty ahd high 6paci!1c coebtnlng abiuty. 

slngh sl aI. (19?5) gtuitleat four cha!.c!€rg 

.a.ocl.teil *ith yield o! E6ei! cottoh and qu.ltty of 

flbr.. Additive qoetlc qlfgcts rele Dor6 couon to! 

glmlhE outtlm a.it haro len!,th rhil. non latdlrlv€ 

g€n€tlc off.cts rer. !!€itdlnanr for rhe e)q)!6s61on ot 

.€.al cotton yl6ld .nd hub€! ol boll6 p€r plant. 

Bedair qt rl. (1s??) leveared 6i9hi!lcan! 

E6n€!a1 and speqific coDblnlnq lr'lltty fo! 6pan Length, 

llnt !lDene66 dd strenEth. Reclplocal effacts ver. !o!nd 

lor lltrt atrengti and l1n.n€8.. 

Gunrala R.o e! !1. (1977) conctud€d lroE ! 6 

x 6 dllallel analy61g rhrt adauttve gen6rlc €!!.crs 

p!6.loDlnat6d fo! glnnlng p.rcantage, tint hatBx .nd 

hunil!.il a€€d r619hr .!d non-!

22 

length, ltbr. e€1ght lnd tlbla .tr6n9ttt. tty.or. vij.yA 

haal gooar g.n€!.! coDblnlry .blUty .atl4t . !o! too s6eil 

r.ight, !Ibr. l€!r!,th .nd llbra a€1ght .nd Hlncocx h.d 

goq:l ccA .ellrlts tor gimlng p{c€Dt.g. anit ttnt 1.dd. 

Ir!. do.. b€t ..n th{ r€€utt.d 1n n.gAtlv. scf, €!!.ct. 

lor glmlnE p€ac€ntag. and flb!€ st .nSht. po.ttiv. aC 

o!!et. fo! ghDlnE p€!c€.t.g€ .nit flbre .tr6nsth. 

Po.1t1vs scA .l!€cta ,.!. oba.p.d Ln th. closs.r lor 

11.t Lnd.xt f1b!e lsgth.nit tlb!€ e€lght, .l,ght closs€s 

lor slnnlng perceDtaE. .nd !ou! cro.6.! ror !tb!. 

xhrn .bd Shartl (1977) conctuded th.t cct It 

not th€ cllt€rlon !o! pr€ttlctlng SC . v.r1.ty t/tl 

au3pl.y.d th6 b€at 6cA !o! y1€Iat ot se.d cottoD p.! pl,ant 

tno b..t 6Cl y.. r6cord.d b.tr..n v.!I.tl€. L.8.9. .nit 

L5L7B22. 

xlthrluat. 4! Al, (1977) r€v€.I€il thlr 

D.lt plnB 15c €rcetlad the oth.! !j,v€ v.!l.tt.s t. 

gsr.t @Dblnl.g .bluty v!lu. rh1l. x-too r, s ttr. 

rd€at lo! th€ y16ld o!...d cotton, For speclttc 

coDblnj,ng rbltlty valu€ th6 c!os. t5 c x x53/9 e.6.t th. 

top eh.r..e cloaa B-7 x x-10o diepl,rt€il ld.st valu€ !d 

Yl.Ilt ot e.€it cottoh.

aourlerd (1e73) cross€d €lEht alllv.la iD 

dbtral l.ahlon aDd €hoveit that ailiUtlve dd ddihlnce 

.lf€cta r.r. Ilpoltant corponents o! variatlon lo! l1nt 

polcentag6, liht length lnfl seed s€1ght. 

EI-AdI e! !1. (19?s) !€!o!t6d trFt g€n€!a1 

colblnlng abtltty ra6 slEhi,flcant fo! B.ed yietd. tint 

cortent, bolr r€19ht and s66d lnd6x {hll6 non-sigDMcant 

lor lubb.r o! bo11E p6! prant. specitlc colbining abluty 

,4. stgrillcant only fo! oallineEs.nd lirt content. 

Bload-Es6€ h€lltablrlty aBilbates 16!€ blqh lo! seed 

yL6ld! Lint conteht, boU ,€1qht anil 6€ed indd, 

xh.n .Dil ahattl (1973) coDcluil€il that Deltaplne 

alooth 16af (oPsr,) had baxllu! poslrlva Eenelal coublDi,nq 

.bltlty Ird€x ard stonevllle vaa tlt tast (8tbt ltr 

lanxlnq oliie! for boU nulbe! pe! pla.t. As lor as 

ap.cllic c@blnlng lblllty conc*! th€ cro66 {! x DpsL 

dl6Playl,ng po.ltlve colbhhg va1u. sh*ead cloeg 

ston€vi11o x {F dlsplayod the poor€t 6pectfic cdblnlDg 

lblllty bete66D the tro p.!.Dts !o! nuDb€! o! bollr pe! 

slngh and slngh (!973) conducted . all.tl6l 

c!o66 iDvolvinE nln€ v.rl.tle. aDd 6ho{.d that aspr..slon

24 

oi yield of a6srt cotton. boII nu&ber anil boll, nelght r.a 

qorrelated vlth g€h€lal colbirilg abll,lty. The Indlln 

varietie6 Il1{ and J3a and tbe a!6ica @riety Bobd€1 

proved to be trr€ b6t g€naral cobbtner for boU relgbt, 

bofl, nulbds and tlelal o! 5€6d cotton. 

Abo-ll-lahab anil tlelmly (1979) anarys€d th6 

pareDt.l, Fl, and F2 E6n6ratj,oE !!on a diallal cross 

Involvinq six valletI€8 for tvalv6 yi6ld cobpon€nts .nil 

r6po!t6d that additlvs lnil lddltlv6 x addltlv6 €ff6ctg 

l.fluenced lj,nt index and llnt pelcentage. Non-additlv€ 

.ff€cts tnfluoced ytolit o! a€€d cotton &d nuiber ol 

boll p* tla.t. Reclploc.t aff€cts tn botll Fl and F2 e6!a 

obEe4eal tor all abov€ tralta except 6eed irilq. 

Iftan e! !1. (19?9) foud ln Eix par.nt !uI! 

di.ll,el lncluded s6]'!6 ex!6rlbent that lnherltanco ol 

yield oi 6e6d cotton and nulits! o! boUs Fer plant e6!. 

sov€rnad by 1oc1 vlth addltlv€ e!!6ct irvolvlng v.lylDg 

deglee ol dollnanc.. BoLl ,€tght 6s cort!o116d by over 

ddlrance. 8557 rhoreal r6l,atl,vely hlsh qene.al coDb1.lng 

.bility for yleld o! aeeit cotton and boff nubb€t. 

Rardtunov el aI. (19?9) d6t6tu1n€d htsh q€n€lal, 

coDblnlns abtuty v.!1anc. .nd 1ou BF€cilic c@binlng

25 

.bluty v.llanca lor o11 pscentaEo anat BuggeEleit 

aaldltlvo g6n€t1c effac! lor thls pddet.!. 

slngh .!il sandhu (1979) atudlad th6 gse eltcct 

lor llbr. $d 6€€il char.ct.!. 1n cgeEEl!!_ bllEllllrD L. 

dd ptopos€.:l .n addltlve x iloDlnance Dod6l, ad€quate to 

e5,l.1n the goetic v.llanca for foq chalsct€rE In fou 

Gosses.xept fo! 91u1nq outtle 1n 231R x cocardas- 

$btt€ rh€!€ epi.tatlc q6n. lctlon ,as proEtbgnt. titititiv. 

€flectd pr.doblhteal ln th. explesslon of U.n! 1nat4, 

vbile ilo!1naDc6 allecB s€!. Dolo lipoltant rhan .dditj,v. 

eflacB ln the inlolitanc€ of giuing outturn .bd ttato 

lsqth. Botb addttlvo.ni! aldlnanco.!!@t3 e€. 

Elgnltlcant for 5eed lnit€x €xcept ln 231R a cocanaitasflh1t6, 

j,n rhlch only ilollnrnc€ effectB v6r6 lipoltant. 

AtlrDedov (1930) reported that ov.ldolln&ce for 

ylslrl of 6€6il cottoh ra6 ploDlDent in io6t do6sas. BoU 

rej,ght .hoe6d 1ntea.dl.!. lDhaltance. Th6 hyblidE sere 

close !o th€ ror6e parentB ln flbre yl€1d. Ov6!-itoDinanc6 

lor lonE flble ra6 fourd ln It eos666 lnd conplete or 

partlll doDlEnce ln th. r€D1nits. 

D€3.1 e! al. (1930) a.aly6ed th. d!r. on planr 

h€isht, D€t1ole 1€n9th, yl6td and soE€ yl.lit co!Don.ht.,

.cordcd fro! a seven variaty hat! di,.lr€l. Both aditltlve 

lnd lo!-ailiutiv€ qs€ .ctlon raa louril to control each of 

the chalacte! studled. sp€ctflc cobbining ablllty lor 

boll eelEht and s€€d cotton yl6ld exc€eded 946ral 

cobblnlng abltlty. c. co!. 10 and cP 515 vera ldstllied 

!a us.!u1 p.!ent!l varietl€E but G57 x Ps 10 as th6 beet 

@Dblmtion. TL1r u6e in the lutur. b!€€iunq rotL uas 

xhan ql 4. (1930 a) studled the gone actlon 

and colblnlng abllity fo! varioug charact€ls in a 6 x 6 

dlatl€l cloBe lnvolvlng tba local GosEEtlr htlsutun L. 

v.rietleE ru 14 And Ac 13,r and th. exotlc vfi6t1.6 ac.Ia 

4-42, Ding oung, Dtxlklnq and D€ltaplna Blooth lea! .nil 

raportad that nubb6! of borl6 p.! plaD! aDd Yi61d of ..ed 

cottoD r*6 contloUed by aildttlvs ellect6 tltt! sore gang 

Ihtelactlon. Dlng Dung pGse666d rarlE@ dollnant g6!es 

!o! y161d of s€6it cotton. clnnlng outtm P6lc6ntaE€ and 

stapl. leDgth 16!6 contlol1€d by ov€litolln.Dc€ 6tteck. 

ac 134 lnd AU 14 h.d hlqbe! Gca th.n oths! v.rl.ll,e. !o. 

the lou! characlerE. nhe cro6a Ac r34 x Acala 4-'I2 had 

tbe hlgheEt aca !o! yl.1d of se€d cotton anit bolL Durb*, 

rhile AU 1,1 * Ac 13,{ bad th6 high€at scl lor glnnlng 

outturD ar

(h!n ql al. (1930 b) louDd th.€ thhorltanc. o! 

ginnlns perc€ntag€, Etaple l€nEth .eed ald lint lnatlce8 

ras adatitlv€ly contlo11eil rlth pattial aoDln.rcs ulthout 

gen6tic 1nt6ractlon. bibriqht GL po36eE3ed uost ildln.nt 

gen€a fo! EIhnInE p€lc€ntago ald ataPle l€ngth !h116 

collssponding gqned fo! seeil .nd rlnt lndlces se!6 

pre6eDt ID Rl1cot Stllppe! a.d 1'I9F. 

Kh8n e! al. (1930 d) concluileit that par6nts 

wlth qooil qen€la1 conbi.ninE abllity for yl.lal per ptaDt, 

boot !sbe!4 pe! planl and boll r€1ght do not lBlntrin 

thel! poEition in specific coubinatlon. 

xoh€l (re8o) €tudled geretic ol o11 cortent ol 

reed in cotton and loud that tbe bean square !o! Ua]. 

lnd lemte r6rs hlghly 6i9rllicaDt she!€E th6 

lntsractto. of ttar6 rnal FeDaI. vlt non-6ign1f1cant lo! 

6€ed oil pelcontage. The correlation co€fficteht lor aeeit 

oi1 pec6ntaEe sa6 alqnllicaDt vith Eeed ind6t. Th6 

helllablllty oslleato for 6ee

2a 

coDlrlnariona and &aite s€D6tlc.nalytis ior valiour 

econolicarrt u56ful cltaracterE. Yleld and yislil 

cobporcnt6 eer. contloll€d by ssne rlth additlva and 

iloDinaDc6 aff€cts. ov€!-dollnance occu!!6d ln a h6ber o! 

c.363. Incobpl€te dollnance sl9 lound lor !1b!€ lengur 

slnsh (1e3o) analyssd 10 x r0 harf diallel 3€t 

and conclud.d th.! both adilitive and hoh-.dilltlve g€n€tlc 

v.rialca coDpon€nt. rele lDpoltant fo! .11 th€ tiatt. 

6tudleit. BoU p€! plant. boU eatght, glhing Pelc4laE6 

and lint inilex Ehored paltlal doiinance and Eeed cotton 

y1ard, seed 1nd6x a.d halo length Bhoveil ov6rdoDlnanc.. 

G€!*.I and sFeclfic coDbtnlnE abllity vallancas r€le 

Elqnillcant but falDer r€!6 hlgh.r than lat€i !o! al,I 

slngh.nd slnsh (1930) !€polted tha EeDetlc ol 

glnniDg ch!!!ct€!s 1n D1n€ va!1.t1.. oa Col€lDfuE 

h&E:t!D L, and thelr 36 p.ogenles r€auttlng floD a 

dla11sl croa6. Both addltive .nil .on-additlv€ qdeti. 

va!1anc.6 r.ra rlgnificant for glmlng oultun, Ilnt 

lDdex .nd sqed lndex. clnnlng outturD trag rlalnly 9ov6!nod 

by aoDinan! E€n€6 but recaEstvs 9e!66 prsilo&lnated by 10- 

13 p€r..nt fo! flnt .nit 6..41 Intlica.. c!o.E.. involvLng

29 

tbe p{.!t6 o! dlEtant oriqln qava thc hlghs.t vrlue lor 

.tFclflc coiblnlbg .b11l,ty. Tb6y ausg6at€d th.t Een6 

Actlors fo! th€Ee cnalAct€!5 coutd be .xPloit.it by a 

!6cu!!€nt s6lectlon proglauo ,h1ch allo, int6tut1hE of 

Eelected loEe ln dlffe!€nt cyc1s6. 

slnqh el rl. (19s0) t€E$d flv6 quahtltatlve 

chalactorE In dIllerent croEB coDbi.atlon6 or eelE8ilrD 

hllgutlb L, anat obsa4€rl that rI1 tbe chalact€la rer6 

.ffecled by sildLtive and itoDlnanc. type6 ol q€De ActlonlpistaslE 

lnfluerc€d llt tla1cE axcopt boll slza' 

R€c6661ve allels6 pfedoris.t€d fo! thlF cha!!ct6r, 

rhe!.as yi6ld, nubb€! ot boUE ud rral,o lenSth r.!e 

lnfluerceil Dai.ly by ilorinant aueler, .nd Eimlhg 

outturn eag €qually aff€cted by both tt4)o6. 

ToEe! s! rI. (1930) concl,udeil that addltlve 

tebe actlon eas pr6do6inlDl !o! yl€ld, bo11 velqht, 5€6al 

n@b€! p€! bol,l .nd boll ruDber per pl.nt. 

fi116on and c€orqe (1930) !€vdlsd aignlficrnt 

Eenoral coublniDg ablllty eEtlBtee lo! U.t Perc€ntag€, 

bolt p6! pllDt, 666d lnilex. 2.51 apan 16ngth, !ib!a 

Btrenqth aDil ric!ona1!e, th€y al6o lounal that lttnk boll 

ron E..lstlnt .toct, AEf,-5 alid not D.doe a. ,.u in

!6latton to other curtlvar. 

Bhatade (193r) sluiueil the geretlc analy6ls ol 

yl€lal corpoeuta anal flble charrctels ln cottoh In a 9 r 

9 diallel croEE experhent. H€ founit that dodinanc. 

€!!ect8 re!€ prodobinated fo! y16ld, dolihance and 

.iliu,tlv€ efrocts rere inpoltant fo! boII {€lght, ElnnlnE 

p€lcertage, lnat llnt iD

3r 

6p1Etatlc g.n6 actlon *.s eftectlv€ lor yl6td o! s6ad 

c.tto., tF, values lndlcated pr6oc. ol dollEnt.Ueres 

lor all ch.lacters .rc€pt glnnlng p€rc€ltaqe, nuDb.r of 

Beealr par bolt and plant h€lght. 

rlasrn e! a]., (1931) daryseil the dat. !ro! tso 

crosses aDong loq vu1€tt6s lnd conctudgd that adiu,tlv€ 

rhd dollnance €ffect5 ve!6 hpoltant !o! bott huEber. 

s&ya6i (19s1) Etuitied cEoEEes .Dong ten 

varl€tiaE fo! 17 cha!act€!6. At1 th6 cnarac!€!. rele 

contlolled by both addltlv€ ahd non-additlve effact.. the 

lltd gen.!.11y p.6doDtnat€d. ttte p.rforanca ol the 

palcntE eas glgnlflcantly correlat€il slth the1! g6n6ra1 

coebhtng ablllty, ylerd vaE postrtvqly collerat€d vlrh 

the Dub6. ot bolts and glnning p€lcentage. Boll t€1Eht 

eas hegarlvely coEetated rlth yietd anit nulbe! o! bolts, 

.nd ,a6 posltlvely co*ehrBd slth h.lo Ianqth 66€it lndex 

anil tlht thdex. ctnning perc€nt!96 {a6 Fosttlvely 

coBelatail ulth hdiqht and 11nt ]n

45 aDil u€Doull shoveit th6 best gssal cobbining abiu.ty 

siDgh .nil singh (1931) a.aly6.d d.ta lor gse 

actlon, h€!!t.b1uty 6nd geDetl,c advanc6 on yi€td 

coDponent6 aDil guatlty tlalts i! 11 abd F2 qo.aat 

lnvo1v1ng 35 eqe$aptUn hll:llgu L. liDes ol loralqn and 

rbdio ollgtn .nd th!€a te6te!s' Adilttlv€ g€n€tic 

valtance vas lnpoltant fo! ylelil. boll nqrbd, bou 

ralqht, gtnntng outtulDr E€6d ln.i€x and llnt lnd6x. 

serltabllity estlbates ln th€ nallou E€me 16!€ high, 

ranqlnq lroe 42,45 to 96.16 Pelc€nt 1n th. Fl .Dil a2. 

E6tiEt€d g€netic advanca ta6 lot for boll tatEht, s.eil 

lnilex, l1r!t lbdox and ghDing outtun. 

r'han e! al. (te32) obsa.v6d ov€lddinanc. !o! 

ylotd o! s€ed cotton, addltlv€ tyle o! gene actlon !o! 

boU nuDbe!, bo11 tsiqht, giDing PBrcentage .nd 6tap1. 

length. Tb. varl€ty r|NIl93 had @x1D6 al61ndt 9.n. !o! 

al1 the abovg palaletq exc.pt boU N:r!.b€r. 

Pelc1val 11932) 1n a !2 hau iua116l croaE o! 

s€16ct€d b!.edlng Btocks rlngins h 3t.ta6 !!oi 

36li|lar! to nolMl lnvestlsat6a 9s. actlons rnar 

Lnt.laotlon.. s. foun.i .tsnMoabt .ddltlv. lnd dd1n6c.

valj,ation lor yleld p€! pl.nt, nu!b.! ol boll, bol1 

v619ht, glnnlng outtuln, staple length ed e€6it 1nd6x. 

lU the ch.lactds Ehov.d ovetdotnanc€. Be!1tabltity 

.atlDate6 e€!€ lo, fo! att cha!act6!. €xcepr s€€

va!1€t1€a lnd @lcul.teil th.t oil content o! .eeil ra. 

@ntlolloil by g.n63 rltl sdditlve and non-addltiv. 

cffocts tith non-.dditivo qarect€ plealoDlnatlng. CsE.t 

coiblntng tblllty !o! concent!.tion o! olr lD tbe aae.:l 

eas hiErr€t lD vtR 5a?2 ald 5 4?27, 

I\tan (1932) anary6ed th€ parelB .Dd ll,a in 

a r a dI!116I for 19 aqiondlc chalactds by ualnE th. 

rathods of G!1!ftnq (1956) and of Jlnta (1954, 1955 .nd 

1956) .nd XayDan (1954 a .nd b). Both additlv€ and 

dobj,nance coupolent6 ol genetlc v.tlancs v6!e .iglllicant 

lor lost or th. traits. The !od€! b.lng hlgher than tr16 

tat6r for perceDtag€ of !iv. lodleil tPUa, lint 

pefcentlge, fible lergtn. fib!6 Bt!.ngrth. Dtullty d.te, 

d.t€ of fi!6t ltoeering. Ee€d Ind6x and nbbst ot seed 

pe! bo116, herit.bilitl€s *er. lIEo blEh fo! tne6. 

Abo-E1-rshab (1943) tabul,.teal alat. on h€t€losl. 

lnd codblning abUlty lor earlln€$, llnt yjold Per 

phrt, bo11 ,slght, ltnt pelcentag€, lint lnil€x and 6e€d 

lDdex in a di.rr61 c!os6 o! 10 culttvals ana r€polted 

that additlve €!!6ct5 ve!6 Pr.doui!.Dt for rlnt yl.Id. 

lint percentag., Ilnt inalex, 6.€d Intlax, non-additlv. 

.lf.ctg u€!. plodollnlnt lor boll u.19ht.

l5 

ahlad eL al. (1933) atqitl€d leD yield and 

guallty chalact€rE h a di.11€1 of llve va!l.ti.8. 

sp6clflc coDbinlng !bil,1ty varlance eas g!6ate! thln 

Een.ral coEblning ab1]1ty v.riance fo! l,1ht ind.x and 

lib!6 fiDeneE8. whits teDelal qo&blnlng ablllty va!1ance 

eas E!€ater 1n caEe ol fible ElreDgtb. DonlDaDc6 varlarc€ 

,as qreater than .ditltlve ',.!lanc. and overdo&lDance ,!t 

evident at sola loci fo! au cha!act6!6. 

Azha! g! el,. (1933) conducted coDbinlng abtllty 

anaLyEi6 ln diaIleI 

va!1eti65/strain6 of, cGsvbilh LLEIU!un L, uean Equar€s 

lo! genoral and 6pecMc coDblning .b1l1ti€6 t.!e hlghly 

.tg.1ficant. !h€ t&gar proportion o! varianc€ co4)on6nt 

for 6Fecj,fic cobblninq ablllly reve.Ietl the natq€ ol 

gsDe lctlon to b€ pledoDlnantly non-afldltivs !o! 8ee

Epiatatic gen. int6hction fo! boll eeight raa appar€nt. 

Gub€! gE al. (1933) Dade genetlcal analyEi6 o! 

.n Lnlen.tlng popuration in Upl.nd cotton (Cat$@L!D 

hirEutun L.) aynth€61zed by chaln c!os31n9 atl poE6lbl€ 

single closseg abong 10 lnbleit ltnea for ylelil corponents 

ald reported that additlv€ eff€cts rd. .igniricant for 

seed hdex, rh€lea3 both addltlve ADd doEinance 6!!ects 

*c!€ Etgnlfican! for nuube! ot bollB, boll E12€ a.d hato 

length. epistlttc elfects r.re 6iqn1fj,cant fo! alt 

(han e! rI, (1933) in ! 6 x 6 diallel o! 

G.hirEutlh L. studled chalactelE Uke yleld ol 6e€d 

cotton and glnninE ou€tlln pelcsnt.g€ lnat loulfl thal 

the6€ tro eer. cortrorl€d by overdorin.nce ttpe o! geDe 

.ctlon.hlle.tapls ldnqth ra8 cotrtlolled by aatdltive 

typ6 of gene actlor. Non-.11€Uc lntelactlon rat 

lipoltant tn tha exp!e66l,oD o! arl the cha!.cte!s. 

Ma e! aI. (re33) studlgd cl.v.n chalact6r6 tr! 

P1, E2, !1, F2. BC1 .nat 8C2 o! closs b6tr6en !.ou.ln r 

and Acala SJ-3, 1nd16ted rhar laJorlry shoes.l lEt€roEl8 

tn the lllial .nd b.ckcloss ggneratloDs, Att tlrE t!.lts, 

€xcEDt nuber o! se€d par bolt .hov.d aditltiv. €ff.ctsl

Dolinanco eflects rele noted fo. 6e6d inilex, nube! or 

aeeila pe! boll, and llbre ftn.nes6. 

sanylEl (1e33) Fubll6hetl datr on genBlrc 

cobponent of valianc€ and coEbinlng ablutv offectr fo! 

bou t€tEht. seed Pe! bol1, seed thd.xi llnt tndex aDd 

qlminq outtuln !ro! a 10 t to GosEEilE ht!6utur IJ. 

atlaUal. His lesultE hdicated a p!€ddiMnce of ddlEnr 

Eene lor all charactels. Good general coDb1n46 sare IAN 

132? and 101-1023 B fo! botr telght, s€ed lndex and ltnt 

lndex alorg{Ith K 3499, BJA 592 and SBI fo! q1M1n9 

outtuln .nd seeda Pe! botr. 

silva ahd Alv€s (1e33) coniluct€d experient ob 

the 6Et1@tion o! 6p16!atic, additlve.Dd d@lnatce 

vari.t'loD In collon (cossvbiun $IEul!! !.) lac€ 

ratifouun Hutch' and !ePo!t6d thai lor the nuibe! o! 

bo116 per ptaDt, loo Elain ue1ght, days o! tnltiatlon of 

li!6t florers and th6 nu!b€! o! lluitlng bfanchet. 

lililitlve qs. action pladoblr.ted, thl1e itoDlndce 

.!f6cte

sl,Eonqllyan and a.l(}E6dov (1933) Blqatled the 

charactor detelDinlhq fibrs yi€lil aDil qual,lty in tro 

gloups of di.I1el cross6s. It sas found that' the genstlc 

contloI of 6abs polygenlc cha!act6!6 diff6!€d iD the 

iuftelent vafl€ties. and such chalacts!€ as !j.b!e hite:, 

leDgth and finene66 could b6 coDtrolleil by both doblnant 

.nil recesslv€ se.ea. In tbe varlety 1t3, foi qarpte, 

tbin long flb!6 raE contlolle.t by dofrIn.lt 96n6. rhl,l€ in 

1{{ it vas controll€it by reces6ive 9€ns6. 

shqh (1933) analysed il.ta floD 10 x 10 di,.lle1 

closE, .xclutttng leciproca]B, on 14 tlalta *h1ch !6v.ated 

that ljl 3?2 ras tb€ best palent fo! Iint yle1d, 6eed 

ylelat, lature aeedg lnd s66d6 p6! bo11. F414 vrs tb€ b€st 

gBneral coublner lo! fib!€ Et!6nqrth, ftbr€ unilonj.ty 

latlo pioteln .!il oil p6!centag6, par.nl 6939 eas best 

lor glDDing perc6ntlqe ail lint 1ndex. 

voltenok !! 4. (1e33) studl6d tnh€lttance of 

oil content 1n couotr and concluded utat addltl,ve c6n6tlc 

.ffect prodoDlnatingfo! th16 pa!a!6t6r. 

D€Ephanal€ 6t al. (1934) Eludl€il th€ natu!. of 

g€ne actlon lor yielal and flbre tr.its frd a 5r5 diallal 

of co..vbtni htraliuh L. .nil r€polt.d th.t dorlDanc. g.na

uaE lrportant fo! yield of 6eod colton and h€litablllty 

ras o.42. Both addltlve 6nd no!-additlve E6ne actlonE 

we!€ lspoltant fo! qinninq outiuln aril halo l€ngth ,hlfe 

hdltabllity vatue6 r6!e 0,a4 and o.53, respectlvely, 

Gupta and slngh (1934) !.de genetlc aF1yB13 

fo! so[e fib!6 and se.d charlclela of the !r - 13 .nd 

bacr< cro€6 E6ne!.t1onE of an Ir parehtar diallel o! 

upland cotton and reported that addltiv. anil d@lnance 

etfoctB sele lDpoltaht 1n tbe contlo1 of halo lengtb aDd 

that epl.tasiB and dorinance ve!€ lEPoltant 1n the 

control o! 6€€d lndex.nd lint lndox, 

Kasseb q! e,l. (1934) lepolteil that addttiv., 

doniDanc6 and epl3iatic gene efteclE rele tnvolv€d 1n the 

lnh6ritance ot a€€d cotton yield, boll v€1qht, bol16 p6! 

plant, llnt perceDtag. and seeil tndex. Bo11 eeight .nd 

.e6d cotton yle1d 6hor€d b19h expect€d qsnetic advanc€. 

KauEhik q! dl. (193i1) lepolted hiqh Ep€ctflc 

cobblhlnE ability va!i.nc6 ror yielfl pe! plant and borr 

p* toglh {ith pleiloDlnantly no.-addltive gene action. 

fhe hlgh6! 96ne!a1 cobblhlng efa€ct5 eer€ fodd 1n test.! 

H7?7 to! yleld pe! p1atrt and t€ste! Ha42 lor boII r6lgbt.

It1lza and xhan (193{) sludled qlnnlnq outtun 

Pelcentage, 6taple f€Dgth! atlength ihtt !ibr6 fineneEs in 

a ?r? itiaUeL co6s be1on91n9 to c. btUsUltu L, an

the parant.l llDas Etudleil lor 6eed oll conteDt. NoD- 

.dditiv€ g€n€ a.tion eaE predoilnat€ fo! 3aed oLl 

Iblaglbov and B6i6ekulov (1935) !6por€ad a tvo 

yea! of colblning ablllty lor llbra l€nEth ard !1hene66 

in long llbles a6h25 and lndlca€ed thal th.66 traits rere 

r€casslve. In the g6notlD66 a6h, 2,3 anil 35o3o, hdever, 

libre 1en9!h raE coltrolle.l by doDinant s6n€6, ash 32 ,as 

the beEt dono! o! Long flb!€ under sdldoDinant contlol 

and of blgh !1b!e tDdex and outturD unde! !6cesglva 

contlol, th€6e last tlo traitE beinq uhd6r dollhant 

contlol 1n 59041. 

Khan and Khan (1935) estiDateal g€hdal and 

Epecitlc coDbinlnq ablllty effect lroe da!. on se€d 

cottoD ylelil pe! plant and a6vaD t aits r.hted to yleld 

and flb!6 qurlltt f.oD a {rr cobplete dtAtl€l. specilic 

coutlnlng ab111ty 6ff€cts vere found to b€ hiqhly 

6isni!1caDt 1n.11 lhe €lght charactels 6tudl6d, uharaas 

goqal coEblnlDq abluty €ffacts ,e!€ algnj,ll€ht only 

lor plart helght. Ii€x-5 ploveil to be th. b€st qeDe.al 

coibider lor savan iharacters, rh11e AllH-1o ua6 the b€st 

g€nelal cohbiD€! vi€h !.6p€ct to stlpl€ lsngth .hafacte!

42 

xaksudov (1935) Etudl€d tuo Eloupa o! c, 

hilEutuh L. v.riet16s. (1)elght Eov16t and flve Us 

va!1€tie6 (2) nln€ aovi€t va!1€tieE ol sar!. gsnerology 

but tU!!€!€nt dat€ o! b!€ading ard !€leasa' rb€ filst 

group ear .nalyaeil bY toP closEeE aDd th€ aecond by a 

iuauel clogs. The b6st coDblninq abllity fo! !ib!o yi.ld 

th Eloup one saa EhovD by tha sovt6t v!!1ety 1494 .nd thg 

6ovlet va!1ety 173 had the hlshact colrbiniDg ablllty for 

roo0 s€6d right. In Tash*en! 1, hlgh flble y1€lal r.6 

assoclat€d eith lo, 1000-6eed v.lqht. uh1l,o in sa724 and 

173! lt raE assoclat.d hlgh €ed r€ight. In botb glouP.i 

do!1nanc6 effoc!6 vere hole lbportrlt thaD addltlve 

singh sl rl. (1935) conclud€d tb.t oll cont6nt 

raB controlled by non-addltive typ6 ol gen€ actlon. 

Gazly.nts .Da! zhllilov (19s5) rsPolted fld a 

dta1l61 aralysla tnvolving live G. hlButuE l. va!1eti€. 

ard thle€ tineg that bolr Elze vaF conttollgd by 

eptrtatic sen€ €ff€ct6 i. a -chi11yak1 and Its hyb!ld8. 

olerdoeinanc€ vas g€nerally obselve

g€n€s lnvolv€d in thls tralt. one gloup vas doDlnant fo! 

htgh and ths oth6! for loH flble outtqn. 

Jagtap (1,935) stqdied coEblnlng lbll,ity through 

Ilnt x t€3t* halyais involvlng II genottpor ol 

slEEELU! hllESll|! L. (4 seed palent, 7 poueD par6nt) 

and conclud.d that hon-additlv€ genetlc .!!ect te!6 

Ei.gDillcant and pledoDj,natlns fo! bolls pe! plant, bol,l 

r€tght and yl€lit pq plaDt, 

l'ulatov anil cubanova (1935) il€tenlned that 

Acllc t51? had hlgh Ee.e!61 colbinlnq ablUty fo! 6e€d 

oll contenta !.il condltioned by addltlvs gene e!l6ctE. 

Randham !t d. (19s6) rev.rleil tha pa€s€ncg o! 

oplGtaala fo! s€ed cotton yi6ld, naEbe! of bollB pe! 

pl.nt, boU slze .Dd plant height. they 1160 ioud that 

aatalitiv. gen€tic vallance vas predoElnant lo! 3.ed cotton 

yleld, bo11 nuDbe!6 pe! plant, boll 61za rnd plant 

sarsar sl d. (r9s6) !.vea16d th.t Ac73a, 

alk ne!1 nena and NH2o0 sere good gEndal coibln6la for 

raad colton yieltl pe! plant rhlI€, P[101 dd 6!9 a lor 

qinnlnq ou€tuln, !!oD A losro dlallel c!or. aElyFlB. H6

.tgo advocated the ploDondelance of DoD-ailtutlv€ typ6 ol 

gene action for yleld, boll nurbor, giDing outtur .nil 

tint lndex. crosa shorinE 6lqnllicant sca lor yi.1it 

involvod hlqh r h19h, hlsh r ror, hlqh x av.rrge abd lou 

x avq.g€ Gca par4ts rhich €uggaatsd involvd4t of 

t1xab16 rnd non-flxabt€ g€n€tic e!!€cts, 

calg dl al. (1937) studisd Bcr and Bc2 o! thB 

crosE ol 1414 x LC5393. Wh1le l'414 tas us6d 66. 

recurr.nt pa!€nt fo! eight yl,ald 6rd quallty, tEalts. In 

th€ lc2, epistaEl. *as s!9r1!icart !o! seeil. cottoD ylelit, 

1lnt lD(i€x and a€ed IndAxt but vas not 61gnl €rt ao! 

.ny ch.racter 1! tha Bc1. addltive elfect 16!€ 

slsniflc.nt tor Eoue t!.itE in both qen€lltionsi 

itori.anca eflecla uela Blqniflcant oDly !o! qiDnlng 

outtun (ln both s€neratlon). 

Ghafoo! anil Y\han (1937) conductod coDbi.1ng 

ability .na1y616 lor yi6ld and ltr coDponeDk in a 5x5 

iliauel c!os6 oxpellEent and !6po!ted that th€ GcA 

effscta u€le loutrrl to be highly aiqrificant in boll 

{elght only. vrhlla 6ca salsctE vs!€ found to !e hlghly 

5igniflc.nt for mln 6teE h€iqht, sldpodt.t b!anqh€., 

nu!l,e! of borrs p€! plant and Eaed cotton yl€ld t6r 

plant, plaveallng th. naturs of E.n. actlon to b.

45 

pledorinantly non-.ddItive for th€E€ chalacterB. 

Ge6oE sl 41, (193?) obs.ned an ov€ldob1n.nc6 

lor yle1at and nulbe! o! boUB p6! pl,aDt. ltgh qanerar 

cobblnlng abllity ea6 obaerved fo! !abe! of b€lls p€! 

plant and llnt y1€ld pe! bol]. 

Gupla (19s?) plosenteil .n lnlorutlon on the 

g€net1c coDporot of varianca of lour tralts loUdlng 

aDalysls of data fror . half dlau€l ctoss involvlng 1l 

L blrEsglE va!16tteE. Both aililitlve and non-.ilditiv€ 

Eene e!lec!6 vere hpoltant fo! all t!.1t8 rnd atobln.nt 

gs4 slth Pogltiv€ 6ff€ct6 f€le lost frequert. N.!!d 

.e!66 herltabluty lev€aled tbat plsnt holght and 

..!lln€ss 16!. bore ab6n.ble than s.ed inilex .Dd Ilnt 

lndex to lbprovEn6nt thlough !€cu!r6nt Eelecllon. 

Jagtap .Dtl Xolb€ (1937) 1n 5x5 diartcl c!o63 

oxpell@nt on g€netlc conttolllnq syEt4 ot cotton 

lndlcltgd ov.ldo!1Encs for nuDbe! of bot1. p€! pl.Dt, 

boll ,61Eht, yleld of s6ed cotton. glhlnE p.!c6ntag. anil 

h!1o leDgth, lnd paltlal dollnance !o! d3ys to !1rEt 

!1ov6!1n9. coEbtnins abllity an.Iysls o! the d.ta 

levealed that both aitititlv6 lnd non-additlv. gen€tic 

.ltects v.re .lsDiftcant ln th. exp!€EElon o! all th. alx

charactafs, lhs ellects ol addltivo E.nes b6in9 lora 

xh.n e! al. (1937) studied ln 4x{ dlrlter cross 

.4)e!iE€nt, the q6n6t1c6 o! ltDt p€rceDta96, Ee€il i.dd, 

llnt tndex and st.pte teDglb. Th4e chdact{E r€re 

conilitioned by overdoEhanc€ cortaiDeil rlth no!-all.Ilc 

lntelact1oh. AU 59 va6 louDal to be the be6t gen.!a1 

coDbine! lor llnt p€lcent lnil 6t.ple l€Dgth, uher€.t 

B 132 €valualgtl as th6 b€at codblne! fo! 666d lhdax ..d 

x6hra el al. (193?) found that spaclllc 

coDlinlng abtll€y €llects we!6 predo&lnant for s6€d 

cotton yield and 6€sil thdex, rhile Eenela1 coeblnlng 

abluty 6!!ecta eer6 lEportant fo! glDDlng outt'rE, halo 

lenqth lnd llnt ind€x. Nona of th€ t€3!e!s ,as levealed 

to be good genoral coEbirels !o! .U th€ tlalta 6tud!€d. 

Th. cobblration 1.e., H-555c x Gs. 10, lt555c r Dunn 56A 

rnd 220r x cs. 10 recorited hlgh 6p€cific c@bhlnq 

ellectG to! s€€it cotton y16ld. 

atngh ql !I. (1937)

th€ Eo!6 hportant fo! flb!€ 6tr.nglh and flnan.EB 

rh€!45 addltlve geh6tlc €ff€ct6 re!6 €o for tlble 

lhoDb!€ 9! d. (1937) pelfolD€al gd6tic 

.n.lyE16 u6iDg EalDan,s Dodel fo! s€vsn g. Ltresf'lu 

vari6lle6 ln €19ht clo.saE .nd lound th6 involveD€.t of 

dupllcate epl,BtaEl. fo! boll nuober and aeed cotto. 

ylelil. th€6e chllacl6rs .pp.areit to be utrile! the cohtrol 

o! add1tlv6. doelnancs and eplstatic g6n. e!!ectE. 

Eplst.tic erfsct6 ve!6 lnpoltant ln the lbh6!It!!cs ot 

borl ,€Ight. Reclplocal !ecu!!€nt .€l€clion ra3 

r.coD€ld€d fo! th€ liiEovolen! of the6. charact6r6. 

Jl anal zhu i1933t studled th€ i.nharitancs o! 

o1r anal ailno acld cont€nts of s€ed of lour P.lenl3 and 

the:! fl htb!1ds tn egggpirr[ hlrsutun by dlaUel 

an.1yE!r. They found thrt lor th€ teo traita doDlnance 

v.llances €xceeded addltlvo varlanc66. It la suggEt6d 

that they are coniroll€tt by doEiDan! g6nes, vhlle th€ 

doninant g€ne6 for o11 cont€nts 6hotl,ng Posltlve offects 

and thoEe lor total ailno aciil coDt6nt ahovinq neqatlve

xalcy and Garq (rgss) !€colded y16ld o! 6a6d 

cotlotr pe! p1.nt, nubb€! ot bo1l6 po! ptant, bolt vetght 

lnd plant h€1Eht anl 6hoyn that aaldltlv€ anil itoDlldce 

g€na actio! .Dil €pi6taE16 uhele ilporlart for lnb.rltanc€ 

o! .€ad cotton yleld .nd bou veight vlth ilollnance dil 

€p16t!si€ p!€

that lnh6!1tanc. o! tbe€€ foE tralts fltt.lt a Dodtflefl 

.itititiv€ doDllance-epittatlc !od61. The Bffect6 o! 

doninanc6 ard eplstasis va!led sig.lflcahtly ln dtfferert 

y€als .nd 1n dlffelent bybfid6. Addltive 6ff€ct3 esle 

lelatlvBly stab16 fo! aU fou! cha!.ctds. 

Reb!.D g! e!. (1933) lepolted thlt nblt6! of 

bolls per plant u€le addltive and non-addittve ln th€1! 

actlon ln both aI .nd F2 qenelatton6 vith tb€ plesence ol 

non-a11elic irte!.ction. The lint lnder sa5 contlo11ed b! 

aitditiv6 typa of gene actlon vlth 9a!tla1 iloEhanc. tn 

the teo 9ene.atlon6. ,h€raas th6 lnherltance o! the 

charactors lik. yl€Itl ol seed cotto! P€! ptant, Ilnt 

pelcentag€ and 6eed lndex qela cohtrolled bv 

oveldoDlmnce type or gen€ actl on coDPlicated rltn BoEa 

no!-au.tlc lnt.ractlon ln both th€ sd.rAtiole. B_55? 

contalnetl the io6t dobln.nt gen6s fo! bolls per pl.n!, 

s€ed cotton y1e1d, bo11r6l9h! and l]nt lndex ehl16 9-151 

lor 3a6d index lDd stapla lenqth and a-339 tor llnt 

slngh.t a1. (1933) @d6 t.n paleDl dlall€l a€t 

in cosBvptur h1!Bot6 fo! Il,nt yiard ,6eed y1e1d, stnning 

outtun and U,nt haes rlth reFPacl to hetarosis rlat 

cotblllng abillty. Non-adiUtiv€ E6nEtic e!!ect6 t6r€

lounal to b€ op6!at1v6 1n th€ lnhelitance of thesB t!ait6. 

Hlqh g€neral coibtnlnq abltlty lra€ !€colded lor 11n! 

ylel,il, E.6d y16ld, Ehnlnq outtuln and ltnr tnilex. 

Ty.gI (1933) !6port6d that E€netic control 

appealed to b€ adiutlv€ !o! s€€it cotton yletd atrit DuDber 

of locu11 p.r boll, do&lnanr lnd .ililltlve io! ptanr 

helght, bou !Ebe!, a€€tts p€r loculs and Beed lnd€x, and 

doEiDaDt fo! bou velght. 

shale 93 d. (1939) notlcod 6EaU positive 

hat€.oria fo! oil content over Did par6nt. r|etatlvely 

hlth heterosis ,.a ob36rved fo! o1t contqt ov6! liat 

pareDt. Relatlv€Iy hlqh hetelos1s vas obs€ned for oi1 

lnda (6e6d Ibdax x o11 t.E6/100). Ad.tlt1ve (D) and nonadditlv€ 

(Hl r li2) gen6 6ff6cts ea!€ hlghly signlficant 

fo! o1l in

51 

bundle rtletrgth and lint per seed. Assocl.tion€ o! oll 

content ud oII initex {lth rint yleld anat libre quality 

attllbut€s r6re nor lound to b€ Figntllcant. od6lrt€ 

heritabillty sas observeil fo! oil cont€nt. 

Danl and Koher (1939) exaDln€il FI. !2t bact 

closa generatlon and pareDtF ln the proqsny of cro636s 

b€tueen tvo llnas ,ith nlqh s€ed-otr p6lcellagei r.b€ly 

5A1r5e and SA59 anil teo llD€s eith lor ol,I percentag., 

nab61y SA1050 and SA229. Ths !e6!ttE lndlcat€d that ..ed 

oll content appea.ed to be lntluencod by Eternal lath€r 

than cytopla6!1c effects, Addilive effect! fo! see.t o1I 

pelcentag€ r.s itetect€d ln tbe progeny o! hlsh r lov? toe 

x high and to, x los 6eeil oil palenc, slgntflcrnt 

doltnanca, dortnanca * doethance and addltlvE x aal

52 

para!6ter6 lndLcated hlgh he!1tab1ll€y 6incs aal

53 

lor lint p€lcentage eere 4hulatlve 1n th€l! €ffect6 

ghoulnq non-a11o11c lntefaction, th€ oltlvala st-213 aDd 

Ac-13{ FlovBd tho b€st g6ne!.1 cotbin€! for yiold and 

boll !@be!a. !o! boU Height, AUr$3 app€aled to b€ qood 

corbiner vb€le .. st. 21r and coker310 Ehoueat trr€lr 

Epullolltt lor stapre lelgth and Ilnt perc6.ta96, 

N:daraJ.n antr R6ngas&y (1990) i€v4led thrt 

Unt 1ndex, se.d index, 2.51 sptn lonqtb .nit !ib!. 

!1n€DeEa .ppeared to b. qov6!n6d by additlv6 Eone .ctton. 

fiE diflerence beleeen genotypic co€llic16nt of varlatloh 

anit pheDobPlc co6fflclent of variatloD l,as vory 1os lor 

above t!alt3. seed lndex, 2.5t span lsrgth aDd fibl. 

!1n€!e6. lecolde

1nda. The b6at 96n6!!l coDblDelg vd€ sal,actl,ons Ic794 

lnd t3-tl and the fo!6ign lcc€E€loE Lyrrn Gu2 .nd oRs. 

Hu6aain and toaD (19sr) ,Ede a dlsll€l aDaly61. 

data lor yield ahd 1t6 coDponant. lnvolvlng fou Eel€ct€il 

colton vali€ttes. Illgh genelar corblni.g abilj.ty 6!!€ctg 

eere ob6eRed lor yt6ld of Eeed cotton boll nulbar, 11nt 

p€lcentage, 6tapl6 l,€ng€h aDd boII r6l9ht. HlEh E€ne!.] 

coDbinlng abllity, speclflc cdbining abluty a.d 

!€ciploc.l elt€cts v.r6 not€d fo. nost o! tha p.rBnts .Dd 

hybri,ala tor dlffdant plaD! chdactals. 

xhab and Ghaloor (1991) stuitled coDbinltrg 

tn Upland cotton and rev6al.d that E€ne!.l 

@lbinths ablllty effects ,.!e hlghly 6l9!!!icant in boU 

ve1ght j,ndt6tlnE addltlve type o! gene !ct1oD, sh6!€a. 

ap€cillc c@binlng abillty effecta ver. hlghly 

.lgniflcaht !o! bolts p6r Dlaht anil yl.Id o! s..d coltoh 

pq plrlt r6v6aling the pie-dorlnantly noD-.dilitlv€ 

natDr6 o! gEn. actlon fo! th*e t!.it6. 

Khan e! al. (r99u) leported !!or 4a4 dial,l€I 

crGr tha! general coDbiniDg lbillty €ff€cts r€i€ highly 

slsnillcant In plaht' h€lqht, bolt nbb€!, bolL vaight, 

yl€fit o! aeed colton, 6eed lndax. llnt index and stapl6

Langth. th. aF€citic coDblnhg 

htsbly eigrillcaDt lor boll v€19ht 

r6clttocal .lr6ct3 ,€r€ hlghty 

abulty eff6ct6 eele 

and staple le.gth. thg 

.Ighj,ltcant lor l1nt 

xh.n e! eI. (r991c) 6tud16d c@biling abiltty 

lo! €1ght plant p€rfonarco trait6 o! Optand cotton tD . 

4x4 dhUel cross inctudlng s€lf .nil !€c1p!oca16. cBnela1 

coDbining abllity ,as hlghly 6ignj,!1c.nt tor lII the 

charactols. It ras indlatod tbat .ddlttve ttD6 o! qoe 

.ctio! va8 lnvolved in th.€e chalacr.rB. curtiva! 2?2/7e 

raE th6 baat 96haral coibln€! fo! s€€it cotton y1€1d, 

n'&b€f of l€lrs !E !]ant, unt porc6ntage ard plaDt 

b€1ght. Ito c!o6s coDblnatlons of u9o9 ulth !!A-5r,65 lrd 

LRA-5165 $lth 272179 u.te !6co@.nd6d lor tu!rtr6! 

br66rtiDg progr.ee oh th€ basi6 of thelr lean pstorlarce 

.nd speclltc coibinihg lbUlty. Reclplocal effect. uele 

.lqni,licani In a cloEE b6t{een tt9o9 and rnA-5156 tn 

!educ1n9 DNb6! o! botts P€! Ptant. 

xatlyatu.bov .nd Alj,ev (199t) conclud6.:l that 

boll ,61ght, flble 1€nErh and outtuh ,e!e contlol1eat 

vtth partial doulnance rbor€as nuDb* ol bolk p€! plant 

t.3 @ntroll€tl by hon .atiutive s€n€ tnt€racrlon.

l{anq and !i (1991) iniucatqd addltlvo iloDlranc6 

clf6cts fo! oiL cotrtent and ind.x and r€.d lnal€x, 

EuggesliDg thlt th6 g.n€€ fo! th€E€ tlalta ud6nent 

atldltlve anit ito6ln.Dce lDherltanc€ nlthout ePisl.tic 

bhe!1tance. cotton se€d o11 content .nd tndex hail velv 

irpolt.nt nddlllve eff€cls and exP!665eil lncorditlata 

doilnaDac€. se€il lDdet shoead Dole ibpoltlnt lilililive lnd 

dollnance alfects and cr6ely apploached cobpl €te 

lganq anal Pan (19e1) conctud6d that helBrloa1s 

1n 55 F1 populatlon6 and 30 !2 PoPulatlont of coEEwlli 

bjrsllgus ray ba €used bv additlve qenatlc €ff'ct lor 

lln! yleld, boll eeight anit fibr€ length' Nurb6! o! boUa 

psr prant .nd Di6o!.ire vllua 6ho'ed heter6l3 rtlnlv 

du€ to dolinoe .nd aatitttive elfectE rlth proDtndt 

tnb!€edlng depregglon. 

!zba! .nd Ai.ba! (1s92) 'tudled th' g6n6!1c 

ba€i. o! yi€ld of s66at coiton. nutb€! of bo1lE' boll 

ro1ght, Be€d anit llnt 1ntlic66. t\ev losd slgnlltc'nt 

gsneral coeblnlng.bllilv and 6p€clf1c coubininq abiLltv 

eff€cts 1n the expresEion of alDo€t ar' h€ chalacterE' 

Horever, Ploportlon oa varalDce coEpo!€nl5 ilu' to s€nelar 

conbLDlng lbttlty appealed to b€ g!'at6! lor vield o!

seeal cotton, neb€! o! bol16 and aeed lndex ,b1ch sugg€Et 

the natu!6 o! g€nE actloD Drattoblnantly aiLutlve lor 

trleEo chalact€rst rhile Inh*it.lce ol bol1 r.j,tht .nd 

lint lndex uas shovD to be codltlonod by g6nea actlhE 

l.!tq cl 31. (19e2) pedoo6il 6lx pa!€ntar 

iliall6l c!o33 of Upland coCton .nd lound signlflclnt 

ov6rdollDance for toll relght, €eed cotton yietd and l,1nl 

parcaDtage ln ar g6n.ratlon. Addttlv€ E6n6 ellectE v6!e 

ilport.nt fo! seed lldex, IiDt lnder alil Btap16 length. 

DoDlnlnce saa obE€lved to! nuDler o! boll6 pqr phnt. 

uelltabl1ltt ln nasros s6n.e rae hiqh for 6€€d ..it 11nt 

lndlc.a and lor !o! se6d corton ylcld ps ptlnt, boII 

relght and llnt percentaqe. 

44\ L 

' , Akbar e! !I. (1993) found hlqher slgbiftcan! 

ilifiglenc€E ln ccA rcan squares fo! saed cotton ylelit E€! 

plant .nal stapla langtb. CeD4aI coliblnlng abllity r6!n 

6qua!. dlfleEencea lor fibr6 fh6n8s 6tui st!€ngth v.!. 

non algDificant. rnalysiE o! valiance c@pondt lndteted 

that yleld o! 6eed cotton, f1b!e !1nen6.a and atlqEth 

r*€ coDtlo1led by aalautlve genetic etfect vh4eas 

predorlnantly non-additiv€ geretlc contlol for stapt6

Arh.r lnd Rana (1993) lound thlt DeaD 6gulr. 

fo! both genelaI lnd EPaclflc coDbtning.lility and 

.6ciprocal €lfacts re!€ blqltty aignlficant lor th. 

expr.sston of yi€ld of 666d cotton, nu&ber of bolls, bott 

relght. .aad tnd.a hd tlnt Index. The la!g€! plopolt1on 

ot v.!i.hc6 !6su1ttnE frou speclflc coEbtnlng abUlty 

!€vealed g.netlc eflects to be PredoblnsDtly Don-addltiv. 

for all tho cba!:cle!8, 

Ik!!D s! d. (1993) !6!!orDed cobblry abtutv 

anllyEts ln a lous P.!ent!I dl.ll.I co!56 ol uPflld 

colton !o! yletit Fe! Prlnt, boll nulb€lt boll !6lght, 

llnt perc€ntaEo, stapl€ Ielgthr s6ed tnd6a lnd llnt 

lnde*. Gen6!!1 cdbintng .bilttv lern €qu.rsd e.r6 

siE ifican! for all, tlaj.ts excopt vleld per Flrnt. th€ 

larE€! proPo*ion of v.rtance itu€ to scA lndlcated lore 

non-addltlve q?e of genetic beblviou! fo! yl€1d. unt 

PerceDtage, s66d initex and Iin! lntl€x othar trait' e'r€ 

p!€doiinatly coniroll.d bv addltiva geDB ac!lo!. 

Y'han 6nd Khan (re93) lound Addlllve rltn 

partial aloDiDanc6 fo! nub€r of borl6 P€! pldti ehII€ 

ovelaloDinanc6 type o! gen6 actlon llas op€rauve lo! 

Dsbar o! EonoPdlal blanch€s, yi€fd o! s€ed cottoh an'l

R6lu.! aDil Khan (1993) .onclud€d tlEt boU 

ralght and y1e1d of seed cotton t6!e und6! overdoDinanc. 

type of qon6 actlon vhtle boII nurlErE Pqr ptant e€r€ 

contlo1l6at by P.lthr dollnance' 

R€h@n eg a!. (1993) foud tb.t glmjDE outtun 

psrcantage, lint indes, 6tap1€ 1€ngth ana fin6neas '6!€ 

govaineit by ov4doblnarca t]lp€ o! gsre rction' r|htl' 

aditittve etth Paltlal tvpe of g€ne 'clion !a6 ob6'ry6d 

OETEIIC VA!Ir!I!ITI CONXII'ATION IND ?ATII COIT''CI'I! 

chrlstldi6 aDd Ua!!l5on (1955) lound tr!6 

h1gheE! posttiva co!!€latlo! co€flici€nt b€tt€6n vj€1d 

lnd Durber o! bolls p6r Dlant but negatlva colr'latlo' 

co.!ficl.nt tas obE€d€d bette€n llnt pslcentaE6 lnd 

6tapt€ tenEth. xo!sov€!, un! P€!c€'lag6 sd vi€ld o! 

6eed cotton tere Po6itivel!' aasociated utth €ach oth'!' 

raelanalhan {1966) 6tudlert the co!!6lat1on ol 

cotton ylard tith nunber of bollE p'r pLant' Etnnlng 

o!ttu!n, nsbd of 6eeds p€r bo}1' I1nt lnd 66ad indlc€s 

dnd conclu

nurbe! o! EeedB pe! botl 

hlghoat coEelatlon valus 

.rd llnt lndex obtained th€ 

In @Et o! th6 @.e6. 

Khan lnd xhan (1e66) recoril€tl PoFlllvo 

co!!6latlon of .taple renglh sith s66d cotton ylelal lDd 

Rizvl and xbaD (1957) reported thrt th6 plut 

helght lnd yielal o! Eeed cotton, plant height and n@b€r 

o! bolr,s pe! plant and ylerd of 6eed cotton abd bou 

veigh! b.d poEltlve co*el,atiot6 vith each othe!. 

xyei (1953) !eco!d6d that nuDbs o! bolla e€re 

negatlvely corr€latad *tth boll rclghc. tibr€ lEngth .nd 

3ced r.19ht. sLbllally the staPto length dkplrved 

Fositlv€ lelatlonsbip ,1!h seed e€lght. 

xolella (1969) r€porteil th.t ldEot ol lib!6 

sas n6gAtively colle1at€d rlth !lb!a p6rceDta9q.nd 

Popova and Azlzov (19?1) leported that unt lenqth 

v:E negltlvel,t colralatod ,ith llnt perc€Dtage, the 

co€fflci.nt for oally b6turlDg culti,valE ,a€ fro! o.27 to 

0.36 .nil fo! lat. ra€uiDE cu1t1v.!3, -0.12 to -o.15.

chandrdalhi 11973) Etudlaal !ou! charactela i! 

36v4taeD varl€ties and found th.t r€lght of tasta o! 

366(i r€le positlvely co!!6lat.d rlth llnt 1nd6r, aod pAtb 

coelflcl€nt anatysia 6hov.d lhat th6 s€6d *€lsht .trtl llht 

Inde: had ths hlshet iDltue&a oD lint F€lcantrsa. tha 

s€efl rei,gbt inflqeDca !.6 n6qattve, lniucauDg 

arsoclatioD betueen sMll s6ed and glnning pelceniaqe. 

stnsh E! al. (19?3) lepolted poEltlve .nd 

slqntllcant co!!€latlon b€tr66n bol,I nuber ard .vcp.8( 

yleld, balreen bolt nube! anit Eeeit 1nd*. colr€16tlon 

b€tu€on qlnning outtuln lnd 6eeil hdex sas neqatlvo. 

th@on (197r) studied that yl€]d ol i6ed 

cotton and nuDb€! o! botl pe! Plant, boU eelqtrt.Dd a€6d 

s€ight, v.re poEitlvely correhleil. rh€ assoclatlon 

betre€n botl r€1qltt ald DuEber ol bot15 p€r plant {as 

neqatlve, But the lolatlonshlp b€teeen l1nt D€lcent.ge 

lnd a.ed cotton yi€Id, llnt pelcenlaE6 and boII nub€!, 

llnt p€rcanta96 and bou uolgbtr plant halght .nd llnt 

p€lc€ntage ras bot consl€tert. 

schrenabaD aDd L6!o!t (1974) concludad that 

:,OO-€€€d e.lght .nd !ic!on.ir. ind6x v.!a co!!€lat€d th 

tho p.!or. and F2 but not ln th€ 41. ln th. !1, 

.,7

€6that6E ol gon€lar coeblnlng abil,lly 6!!eclE ,€re 

algnUicart lor yle1d pd hectale, bolla pe! p1ant, 100- 

aeed relght, flb!6 length, blclonalre lndex, bo11 eelght 

ud fib!€ €trsgth lnd tho6€ of spactflc coiblnLnq 

.biuty 6lf6ct6 u6r6 slqDiflcant fo! atl abov€ chalact€.s 

.xc6pt th. liclonrl!€ lnd€x and llbrs 6t!ogtb. I! the a2 

Eti!.te6 ol qeneral corblniDq abflity €stlDt.s ver6 

sfgDl cant for all above cha!!ct6!a €xcept llbre 

.lretrgth and nube! o! bolk pq plant lnd thos. ot 

gpeclllc coDblnlng ablllty eflect6 ver€ sisnlflcant !o! 

all abo!6 chd!act6!5 €xcept n@b6r of bolls per plant ard 

BeliltDuladov (1976) lepolted that 

co!!6latlon bet oen yl€rd ol 6eed cotton p€r pl.n! 

E€ed Lnd6x r!6 h6gattv6. 

scboll and 111r,6! (19?5) $tlb.teal poaitlve 

genottPic co!!€latlon of llnt percentago tlth boII 612e, 

11nt ind€x and ftb!6 llnen666. Ihe f1b!€ 8tr.ngth shoeed 

negatj.ve Eenolyplc colr€lation clth llnt pArcentage, a€eil 

cotton ylsld, botl size. seeit indd, lint index and flb!6 

!j.na.Es. s€€d cotton yleld 9av6 negatj,ve g€not!'plc 

co*ql,atloD vllb bou .12e. s€6d in

legattv€Iy coEetat€il rllh 1I!t p6rcentas€ anat albre 

llneness and va6 posltiv€ly correlatsd vlth bol1 Etz€, 

llnt tntlex, 2,5t s!.n leDglb aDat flbre srleDgth. s66d 

cottob yl€lal va6 posl,tively colletatod vlth tirt lndex 

a.il fib!€ cotton yleld {!6 posltlvgly @lralatoit vlrh 

llnt thdat dd !ibr6 fineEEs. Llnt lnale: r.i neg.tlvely 

collerat€d elth 2.51 span leDgth. stlple l€nqth !t 2.5t 

spln l€ngrh raa genotypically posltiv€ly collelat.d rtth 

ftb!6 stlength ald g€notyptcal,ly neqatively collelated 

,Ith fib!€ fin€ne66. 

rriIson and rre€ (1975) calculat€.:l po5it1v6 

$!€rctyplc co!!61at1on o! bo11 alze ,Itb 11nt p6rcentag. 

anil 6eed 1ndex. Tha pheDotypic correlatloD b€tv6€D 11nt 

p.lc.ntaE€ and Eeeil iid€x oaE highly slgnillclnt (P 

Lht indax s.v€ negatlv€ .BsociatioD vlth B€ed ind€x, 

2,5* 6p!n l6n9th dd !lc!onal!e. sdad 1nd6x gav€ po61t1v€ 

€ignltj,c.iion collotatlor ,lth 2.5t spar tenEth. 

xt€ona1.. u.. neqatlvely 6s6octated slth B.ed ind4 and 

2.5t 6pah leDgth. !1br6 6t!6n9tb g.va po6itive 

associatloD vith iiclona!€ a.tt 2.5i spln 1€D9tb. 

r-tchand e! aI, (re73) obs€nad that nuobd: ol 

bo1l6 p6r prant and .eed index hld posltlv€ and 

6igni?1c!nt collelatlon vith yield o! .6sd cotton p6r 

plart, vh6r.a6 Ein.lng outtu!! 6hored po61t1ve and non- 

6igDlflc.bt correlatlon rlrh yleld o! .ssd cottod p6! 

plant, stapl€ length had non-siEntfi@nt anit positively 

corralat6d ,ith seeit Index and neqatlvs .66oclatlo. rlth 

xath.pati e! !l . (1973) obofl.d that yi6rd o! 

.eed cotton .nil boll nub€! 6rhfbfted th€ hlsh€st soetlc 

v.rlanca. Yl€ltl of seed cotton aIEo EAnlf€sted hIEh 

phanoqpic aDil gehott&ic co€fflcj.ente o! vali.tlo!. Yl6!d 

of Eeeil cotton Ehov€d algnificant ud tpsltlv€ 

corel.tlon ,ith nulb.r o! bo11s po! plant ln t6n

serh e! !I. (1973) ob..ry.d th6 1nb.!itrnc6 of 

Ilnt E€lcentaga anal 1t€ cor!€tatlor yltn !1bre st!.ngtb 

1n a c!o6s b€t een tro vall€ti€s of rgyptlan cortoD .nit 

lint parceDtase uas lnhallteil 

quantltatlvBly vith paltlat itoEh.nc€ of 1ou va1u.. tbe 

clEtact€. ,aa lounit to be hlgh1y hslltab1e and cor.tAteat 

rltb !ib!e stlength. rh€y futhe! r€poltsd thar tha 

valiatlohs iD tint percentage i! 6egleqatlnE qen*.tio! 

raa 1a!9€1y due to geletlc e!f6cts. 

Baruch el !.1 . (19?e) !t,€!e of the opiblon thlr 

yi€ld p6r plant had higb antt poEltiv. corrslatlon i{tth 

Plant b€lght anal bo11 luEb.r p* plantt lt ras poEitlvely 

but .on-6iqnMcantly corr.lated rith 91uhq outtuh 

vhlle ylelil 6hou€d . aignillcant lnd n.E!tiv6 coEel.tl,o! 

G€Eo6 anat lulalov (1979) !ou.d pGltlv€ 

co!!€ratton b.tve6n yletd lDd nulb6r o! lolls ps plant 

lD al,I th6 closse6 .nd l€ss cloE€ co!!61atlon b6te.6n 

yleld anal botl s€1Eht. Th€ correl,atlon b€tvr.6n !lble 

l€Dgth ald tleld ln tho varl.ties lnd hybriils va6 

n.Eattv€ .ntl glgnlflclnt.

SagLdulllha (r9?9) fouDd rsat ahil D€gatlvs 

coE€latlon b6t eeb llb!6 logth and ylold. The 

coF.l.tion b€tee6 llbr€ 1ength And retsht o! sed 

coltoh par botl valied !!d r€ak a.d poultlvo ro e€ak and 

slhEh e! Al, (1979) corputeit Do.ltive 

colr6latlon b.tlr€en bolt irelght and gln.ing p.lcentagg 

vhll6 Deqatlv6 betr€€n boll r61Eh! .nd botl hueb.rs tEr 

Pl,.nt. aoll ,.lEht and nulber had strong po6ltiva atlrect 

ltaldh e! el. 

plant anil boll v6lsht to 

a..d colton yl.ld anit atso 

Poaltlv. d1!.cr etf€ct ot 

hl!.utun L. 

Aqull.r e! al. (reso) 

.lgntllent co!!€latloh b€tseen 

(1979) tound boII nuib€ls p6! 

ba poEitivaly co!!6l.t.d rlth 

,ilb each olber and .xhtblt.d 

yteld ln 19 va!i.tt€. ol c. 

loufrd Po6ltlv€ and 

rlDt lnder ud se€(t 

Bocharova (tg8o) concruited that tbe co!!6lation 

eaa po51t1v€ b.rres f1b!€ t.nEth .nat .rtagtb lnd atEo 

D.lrao 6t!6n9th and ffn.ness.

oEn el g! . (!930 c) r€lFrteil that bolt 

hbbera ve!€ hlghty BtgDMc.nt anal n.qativ€ly co!!6rared 

vllh g1M1hE outtuh, slapte length lnd s6€il lnilex. BolI 

eelEht eas posltlv€ry anit highly siEntrtcaDtly @E.tat6it 

vlth 6tap1e 1.nEth. slEnlllcanr !6gattve cor!6tatlon ve!. 

noted betr€o llrt perc€nlage and 3r.p1€ l.ngth ahd a 

htghlt EignMcaDt positlv€ assoctltion barrq€tr 6tai,l. 

lgnEtb .nal a..d Index. 

Nachtunt dd ablo (1990) louit thlt bbbe!: o! 

3ylooilial blrnche6 anat nuDbe! of boIIB pa! plur {€!€ 

highly aDil poaltlvely corletated wlth yietd. 

Glrl .nfl singh (1931) lnv€stigat€it €lqhr 

ch!!acte!6 In 52 tliv€rs€ q. h1!6utun L. stlalns th I 

eDvlro@nt5 .nd lndicated that bolts pe! pllnr, boll 

612€ anil ginnlng outturh have iDpoltant poElttve dtract 

elleet on seeil cotton ylold at hlEh pl.nt d.n.lty. 

xalvar and shahanl (19s1) !.€ported thlt Ej.Dlng 

outtuln shoeed n.!ativ6 but non-ElglMcant a66oclatton 

tith .tapl6 I€rgtht !ib!€ flnenes .nd fibr. stiensrlh, 

strp1. length vas hon-sl9nilic.n! and posltlv.ly 

co!!€lated lith libre tlneDess and ltbre Et!.nEth. th. 

colrelation co.fflclqt va. Eqativ. b€tvea lltre

llnd666 dd at!€nqth, 

Ileon 9! d . (1931) obE€rveil po.ltlve 

plteo!!'!,ic collelatioh of yietil ol seeat cottoD slth botla 

tFr planti Ilht lnalex, Ee€d inatax and gimlng outtuh 

p6rcotag.. 11|s corel.tion o! yi€ld ol 66.d cotton eltb 

boU nube! pea pUnt ard Unt Ind6x ua. posltlve anil 

E1gnla1cant. The phenotyplc coFolatlon o! nuilt r o! 

boIIE pd plant ,lth unt lndox anil glnning oulturn vaa 

posillve and s19.1,!1cant and tith 8.ed 1nd€x tas Fosltlv. 

asd los, Ilnt lnd6x 3hov.d po5ltiv. 6l9liltcAnt 

ph€nottPic correl.tion eith qinDtlg outtun Pelc.ntaga 

anit positlve lor tith sa€d index. s66d ind.x gate 

po.Itlve co!!6latlon ritb ginhlnE outtqn pdedtaE.. 

Fror 3tepr156 du1t1p16 RegleEElon amly6i,B they coDfit! 

thlt bous pe! phDt r.s lost pot€nl predtcto! vallabl€ 

fo! s€€d colton yl€ld. 

Rahtb (1931) revealed neEltiv. colr€I.tion 

b€tue€n st.p16 lonqth anat liieDess and po6ltive b€teeetr 

flbre length anil atlenqth. 

sinqh ql al. (1931) esliEaleil co!!€latlon 

coofflcient betve€D 6€sd cottoh tlolal a8:l 1ts cobpondtt 

ir th€ par.trtat, 11 to F3 g.n€!.tloDE of fj,v. croE..t.nC

tev€.Ied that boII .uDb€! pe! ptant 6nd nuDbe! o! 

Etepdtia e€le posj,tively anal slghlflc.nrry corlerarod 

llth yield. Patb coefficl€nt analyst€ !.veltaat th.t boll, 

nurb€r h.d a ltigh positlve iti.ect eifecr on yi.ldr ebLle 

oth.r tr.lta cont!1buto indi!6ctly thlough 6]eFotU.I 

nu!h€! and bolr nu!be!. 

chaDa .nd ahratr (1932) lnve6tlgat€d that 

!€l.tionshlp bete€en yielit of Eeed cotton ler planr and 

Eoh€ oth6! characters v1z. Dub.r of bollr p6r plant, 

3ldpoaltal branch66 p.! pla.t aDd plant helght .!it a1.o 

betceen nuber ol botle p€! plant and plant hatsbt. rt 

ear conclud€d th.t the chalact.rE, bo11s p€! ptalt, 

hurib€r o! aynpodl. and plant h€lght ,€!€ Eigntltcantly 

dd positively collelat€il rlth th6 ti€lit of .e.d cofton 

(han (1932) conputed poaltive lnd s1gn1liqant 

@lrs]atioD o! yi6ld {ith NDber o! boUa and r€1gtlt o! 

boll .t teo dlff€!€nt plac€6 1.6., 8yd6.abad aDd Khanpur. 

slrgh (1932) ovlluarad the ctoa6 ot r1 777 \ tl 

307 loi el6ven char!cte!6. Th6 proggny r€lE apploach6d 

the hlgrt6! pa.ent.l val!.. ro! rort cha.acte!. hlgh 

pherotypl,cr genotyplc aari.nc€s .hd r€dluD to v.ry htEh 

helltab1ltty aEthat.s ea!. obtaln6

va!i!nc. p!.doDlnlt€al !o! yi€ld p6! pl.nt, boll mEbe! 

P6! pl.ntr seed nulbsr pe! bo11 ard lht lDdsx ,hsreaa 

Don-aatdltlv€ qanetlc v.rldc. ra8 lbloltrht tot 6e€d 

ind€x. seed yield !€! plant had gtlonE @!rel.ti,od sith 

bol,I burlber pe! pl,an!, plant h€19ht, se€it nube! p€! 

boll, 6..d lnd€x ahd llnt 1nd6x. aoll n@be! pd p1ant, 

aeed Dulber pe! boU, l1nt lndex and glnnlng outtqn hail 

the hiqhest diract €!!ect on yletd, BolI r.Ight had high 

1nd1!ect ellect on yleld via boll n@b€! P.r plaht. 

sooro el !1,. (1932) lnvgstisat6d th. 

associatlon betred yleld6 of Eeetl cotton md othar 

e@noDic chalacter6 v12. boll eelgbt, Elnninq outturn, 

Eeed in

Dhanih e! ql. (1984) .Eported tbat s6.A cotton 

yl.lal va6 htghly glgniflcantty and porttlv€ly corr6tateit 

rtth DuDt* o! boDs p6r pIant. cootlt ic colr.Iatton 

v€r. htqhs th.n phqottplc corletatlon, path co€!!1clsr 

ahovad that nubber of bolls per plant coDtlibut6d dost to 

y1.Id- Lilt ibttex, qtnnlng outtuln .Dat boll ,€1ght e6!6 

othe! hport.nt yletd conpoDeDts. 

Jagtap and xolh€ (re34) tqbutated th6 ilata oh 

cor!6lattoD co6tficient. betveen s€€d yletd p€! Elant adit 

clx o! lts coryoneDts tD a dtatt€l cosa,,lthout 

raclprocala, o! ten p.r.nts. yl.Iil F6r phD! vag 

algnlllcsltly arit tDsltlvoly co!!€1!ted elth Nrber ot 

boua p€! pl,anr ard lith hllo reDqth. 

Javall (193a) Btudled yield lhd fl!t..n lelared 

ch.ract€!€ in 9 stralDE. yletd p* pl.nt eas posltlvely 

correlated ulth huDb€! o! eflacttv. bol,tE, eettinE 

p€rc€ntage a :l p€rcentaEe ot e!t6ct1v. boU.. 

l,l1thaluata g! Al. (19s4) investlgat6at th€ 

!€Irllonshlp b€teeeD y16lil ard econoDlc charact.ltEtic6, 

i..., nuib€. o! botls. bol,l reiqbt, se6d iDilex, 91nn1ng 

outlurr parc€ntage ahd at.pl€ r€nsth. colrelatlon betee6n 

y1.ld ardt bu!b.! of boII6 r.6 founal hlghly .1!hMcut

,ith irr valuE 0.9454 anil 0.8734 lD vari€lles CU-I:/77 

.nd Gg-14/77 le6pectlv€ly. rh6 assoclatlon betv..n y161d 

and boll relght ra6 Eigniflcant in varl.ty c8-13/77 sith 

,.ri val,ue o.23l,t. 

Khan el rl. (1935) calrl6il out ph€notypic ln(:l 

genotlP1c corlel.lion coElficlent analy6tE in orat6! to 

det.ct the type oi !6lattonship betueen yl€rd and vattous 

1lpoltaDl chalacteE. tha lesulta ildlcat6il that boII 

neber, boll velght and se€d lnd€x w86 poaltlv€ly 

associated vlth yleld of 6eed cotton. Th€ relalioEhl! of 

yield elth l1nt lnd6x, glnntnq percenta96 and stlP1e 

lergtb i,E obterv6d !o ba hon-6ignlficanuy neg.tiv.. 

Khorsad6 aDd Ekbolo (1935) concluded high€st 

corr.latlo! (o,e639) o! F66d cotton yi6ld rlth bol1. Eer 

t,lant. Paltlal rsgle6sion studl€s indlcateil that h19h.6t 

Increas€ ln aeed cotton ylold could b€ obtalned by a urt 

lnc!€as€ 1n bou r6iEht. 

sokolov. ard Avto.onov (1935) lountl that s66d 

oI1 cont.nt E€ to6itively correlalaal elth flb!. lenqlh 

dreres !Ibr6 yi6ld Eave negatlve co!!61atj,on tltb ..ed

Al-R.r1 et at. (1936) adalyged the data lroD 

5x5 iuattel cloae ard found that bolls F6! planl, a€ed 

thd€x and pfant haight 16!€ htEhly colrelat€d rlth a.ad 

yield. 80116 psr plant and seed ind€x trad th6 E!6atest 

iu,lect eff€ct8 on yl€Iil. 

Ise11 anal Al-arani (r9s6) cobputed tho data on 

p.th co€fllcl€nt .naly3is of stu

zhou (1936) prs66Dt6d leault on heteloErs, 

gemt1c vallanc€, b€!1tabllitv, g4€tlc Bdvanc6 uit 

coflel.t1ons o! valious yleltt sntl qqalitv chalac!.rg 1n 

tha P1t P2, !I and !2 o! T4296 x Lck.tt ? ard 1234 x 

stoneviLe 506. Avelage he€€roEls fo! vierd o! qlnned 

cotton ras 22.5t anit 25.5*r re6pectlvelv' !n'l !o! LEll 

esigh! 1t v.6 20.2: and 2o.st, !€spectlv'lv' but ta3 

@ngtdefably loyer lor the other chatacterE' xelitabilttv 

to! !1b!6 6t!en9th r.e 5o*. The valu6 o! @llelatlon 

co€lflcl€nt bett6en ginno(:l vt.Id 'nd nubar of f€r!11' 

bous/pt.nt ras bor€ than 0.90. collelat1on betr6eD flbls 

strsnqth and yleIit ln the pa!€ntB {a6 Po6lttv' 

and non- 

Blgnillcant but negltlv€ ln the !2 of on€ bvb'1d lnd n@_ 

Elgniftcan! posLllve on all o!h6! cases'. ofl€ling hop€B 

to! Eiiutt n.ous 6el6ctloD lor toth chartctort' 

sangtan and Y.ilava (193?) toud that t'ranotl'llc 

correaMon coefficl€ntE fo! th' hyb!1ds aDd par6ntg 

Ehdeit that 6qeil cotton vield vas hlqhly poBltlvBlv 

colrolated rlth nurber o! bou6 p€! Plant anil boll 

TYA9I (19s7) Etu'll€d th6 agsoclation o! 3oD€ 

o! oplrnil cotton 

yle1it paladetets ln !2 anil F3 sen€iatlon 

.nal !6v..1.d that soocvPlc co!!'l't1on rld' 9'nelally

hlgher than ph€Dotyplc corletat1on6. In both potulatlons 

boll n6b6! {a6 €ignj,ficantty colrolaled elth y161d. At 

th6 genott'pic tev61, boll reight ras 6lsntlicantly 

corr6lat6il wlth ylatd. vh1l6 at phonoiyplc Laval the 

correaltlon ,aa hot 3 j,gnMcat, 

xahl9 lnd singh (1933) reportgd thrr boll 

relEht shored a po6ltlv€ and signlfic.nt corr6artlou rlth 

lYagl E! Al. (1933) lelFrtsd that th. yl.Iil 

@lPorlent6 ,hich contllbuted d1lsct]y to 6eed cotton 

yi.ld, 1. ord6r of uqnilud6 o! conlllbutlon, r€re boll 

nub.rr 366d lnil€x, 11nt lndex, .nil bou r.1qht. 

xaDg (1,933) studled E.th an.tyala aftl ahd..t 

tltat th6 yield corponenta ef!€cteil ylelil 1n C!!!I!lll! 

hjxsrlu! fn o!d6!s !,lnt pe.c€ntaqe, boU nulber p.! 

plant, boll 61ze fo! arE anil boU nu!b€! per pl.nt, llnt 

pelc€ntago and bou a12e fo! varletloa. Llnr F€rc€ntag€ 

.nd botl 6i2e playeil a lore lDport.nt palt 1n tield 

lnc!.aE€ tn hybliils than va!1€t1€8. In hybrlds 11nt 

pelcentag. ras poEitlvelt co!!6lrted rlty bolr Elza. aoII 

a12€ e!!6cted y16l

lDqeased seed lnder o! hYbllds lncr€aeil boll tize, but 

had Uttla bdrlng on tha decl1n€ ol llnt F6lcontage, 

rh.!€sE lD vaiietlet lln! P.!cent!q6 saa 9!€rt1v aifect6d 

KholBtov eg il. (1990) !€Polt€d that lber6 va. 

a clore collel,ltlot beteean tooo Beed,6isht lniMbro 

index and lest c1o.€ lDvols€ correlatlon bete€an 1000 

6sed veisht anil llb!€ outtuln. 

I(han e! al (1991b) 'olked our path analvEis rn 

F.r gen*at'to! of gtsgtpilrE hill€lrllla anil foud thrt nulb€r 

o! bo1l6 p€r plant had hlgh ibsitlv6 d1!6ct €ff'ct on 

yi€1il rhlch it ftuoeed bv 6€6d inilax, llDt p'lconlag' 

aDd boll eatqht. nlnt index had sgsativ€ dl!€ct 'lf6ct on 

yi6u. noreovor boll nub6r had signMc'nt neg'tlvo 

.ssoci.tlon flth slapte I enqth and Po3ltlve a$@tatton 

p€! plut' staPl' 

rlth .Bad lnil€r ahd .seil cottoD vl.ld 

Iength rar po61t1v€1y tealtad ritn saed In'l'x tnd 

.eg.tlv6ty elth seeal cotton v1€1a1, ,he!ea' Ea6't lnil€x had 

po€j,tlve asEoclatlon slth ltnt lndsx. I! ra6 suEEesled 

that sAlectlon shoutd be baseil upon hlgber nurber ol 

bollg etth high€!.e.rl Ind.x and ah oPtlbl.tlc co!p!orl36 

of st.i'1€ l,.nglb.

lkhte! e! al. (1992) t€v.al€d that yield ol 

ea6d cotton hait slqnMcsDt Posltlvs E6notvDtc and 

phenolyplc corr€attlon tith Durbe! o! bout De! Dlant' 

o11 p€lcentag€ showed p€1tlv6 cotletation 'ith vleLd o! 

6€6d cotton, boU eelght an'l nulbe! of boII6 pe' plant at 

botb Eenotypic snit Ph6.otvPlc 16vsl' BoIt relqht Ehou€d 

posittve qenob?ic and pheDotlFic aEaoclatlon ulth vleld 

of 6e€d cotton. Patr abalysl! shoted tha hlqh poaitlv6 

dlrect elfect o! boll nusber p6i Plant follo{ed bv boll 

uelgbt ana highlv n6gatlv6 ill!€ct 6ff6ct of 6edd cottoD 

yI6Id on oil perc€nlaqe' Yteld ol t€e't cotton hait 

pogttive lnilirect 'rl€c! via bou nubb6! plant a'd boll 

teight on oll P€!c€nta!,e' 

Baloch e! d' (1992) 6tudled ph€notyplc 

corrclation, !uMp!€ cotlelation and uiduectlonal 

lDllect) anil altemats Path-say ln Qatandrl varlstv ol g' 

hlrsutur .ntl lound 6trong tntl pdltlv€ ph'notyi'lc 

colrelatlon coelticlenta b€tresn bo11 nsb€! tDd '66d 

cotton t1€1il' 6€ed ind€* dtr bo11 tsigbt' Bo11 nu'ib€! hrd 

Ellor lnd d1!€ct ef!6ct on sseil cotto' vl61d' Trrg 

lndi!€ct 6!!3ct vI' se€d lnitex "d blL {elqht v€ro 

r€ga!1vB and Duch fotr€!'

7a 

bn@r !& 4. (1e9t o!..rvrC thlt !!.!G€ 

8tt€lqtb e!. po.ltlv.ly at|c .lgnMc$tty odLhtdr iltb 

.t rit rd !l|l.D.s .tut r..d l.d.x r.!Il. n gttlv.ty tlltr 

It!86 rength. l!br. l..ns!h t!. tl€o n.E!tlv. .E.oclttlon 

r.lth tlmn4.. Ih. ooE!.l.ttd ao.ttlol.nt rs lEltivo 

!€!v€.n !!n.a... lnil ..€d lt!il6x.

CHAPIER Itr 

MATERIALS AND METIIODS 

rh. re€dch eGk presqt6d th thls rdoscllpt 

pertalnlnE to Eaetlc lnaty6is, co.bhlDg ablUty and 

P.th co.lllcldnt anary6b 1n 9eE€rDl]l! blE$:t!d !. ra6 

cordqct€d, ralgalabd dullnE th€ yeals :.9a9-91, 

The 6xpelh6ntal bat6!1a1 coDprlced o! t1v€ 

exotlc anil loE 1oc!1 cultlvars or ceeEyd]th njrstrlll! L. 

lhe orlgln o! Reba-B-5o, AErI-5, Btanco a363, ston.vut. 

731 N, .nil NL-11-62-I Ir th. Uh1t6d Stat6a .nil has baon 

EintalDil iln the gen6 tbol of Cotton R..wch statlon, 

F.lsal.b.il. rrd the lour loca1 cuttlv.r., crt-135 s!. 

6volv6d At cotton ReE6.!cb lDFtitut., xuttan, s-12 vat 

d6velopBd At cotton R66e.rcb statloni ttultlnr NIAa-?6 ras 

oriqEt€d at Nuclea! Instuute fo! rgrl@tule aD.t 

B1orogy, Faisalabad .Dd 16-83 va€ devalopail at cotton 

R€Eealch slltloD, ralEll.bail. All th6 n1n6 cultlvar. ralo 

6om ilullng ay, 19ae, at cottoh R.!.a!ch starlon, 

Faisat.bd, keeping pt.nt to plsr .nit !d to loy 

di6tanc6a 30 o aid 75 6 re6pecrtvety. Notu1 @1!u!a1 

plactic€r lnd plant prot6c!1on Deasur.! 16!€ ailopt.d 

alurins th. crot, sea6on. Aft€! rhe !1or.r inlrt.tlor, 

dlring th. Donth ol Augu.t and Sept.rbG, 19a9. all

a0 

tDsslbl€ c!@6eE, lncludlng !€clpro€lr, u€r6 bad6 !Do!g 

theE. nlna cultlvlrs. Hand eDasculatl,on an

a1 

r.gArding tb€ lolroelng pardat€!5 fo! l'1 .nd 12 

gan.a.tlon6 ln the f1€ld and labolAtoly on lnauvldual 

Fllnt basi. v*€ record6d. 

,9118!8 0! aolla PtR PtaI|! 

tba nurb{ ol Dtuleil bolb lrd all th. th!€6 

pick. rd€ counted and cuul.tive !€co!d sas lalnt.l.eil 

for 6ach Prant Fapa!at61y. rhen th€ avqage nurbd o! 

botls p€r plalt to! €ach ge!ot!4,ea E€! .epllcatlon ra. 

lIl&D o! aElD coflllol lEn DINT lgl 

The Dtusd boUa re€ plct6d thrj,@ rnd 3e6d 

cotton saa collectad ir ka.ft papar bass. Plci.lnE las 

ilon€ rhen tho d.u had ev.poratad. The h8west r.s e€j.ghed 

by trlple b.s batance ..il th€ av6rage y16ld ot B6€d 

cotton Por plant lor 6ach genotl|p€ I! each repuc.tioD 

v!. then calculated and !6co!ded. 

BO!! tErGA! (E) 

nelEht P6l botl 

vaF obtaln€il by ill,vlitLng the 

totAt aeed @tton yleld o! th€ plan* by tha tot.l nDber 

ol boltE plck.il lrd that Pirtlcur.r prant. th6 av6lag€ 

bolL ralqht p6! plant fo! each gonotype vaa rulntalncd 

fo! .tattstic.l aralysl3.

32 

al:l!! taeq&r

a3 

arrPrr! lllotm t6l 

staprg length va6 deaau!€d floE th€ 

tepre6€ntAtlvs Edplq !!o! every ptant by Dl91t.1 

Fibroqr+h lrodel i530, at 2.5 tEc4t aE4 IdEt! lDd 

unifohlty !.tio at 50 parcant auvidl.il by 2.5 parcaDt 

s6!a b.a€d on liva 6pec1!l,c readlnqs. 

t$rE tllllaaa (og/l!ob) 

The flnaesr of cotton librs i6 gos!.tty 

defin€il !. the laight psr ulit l6nEth o! l1nelr ateDslty 

of th6 llbre and 16 usually explesssd In tems o! 

Etcrogrra p€! lnch o! !lbr6 1dsth. tb€ !1c!ona1!6 vas 

introduc6tl to provlda a i:pid EeaDs loa it€teninlhs t1br. 

!i!en6aa rnd lt us6d aliogt uDiv€lsally, nlcronlh. 

leadlngr !!€ relativ€ r€nsu!6 o! 6lth6r th6 ueight p€! 

ult length o! croEs 6€ctlona1 slz€ o! lrr€ f1b!o. Th. 

raartnq Dy diff.r frd .ctua1 relght p6! unlt lergth, 

hdce th. r.sult€ ai6 plea6nted in t€n o! !rtqo!.I!. 

leadlnq (o! value) hEt€lit of eic!og!a!. p€! i!ch, rt *!r 

detenlned pj.th th6 h6lp of EhllllBLd nlclon.lr6 

Ap!E!atu., ehtch sort6 oh the p!1hc1pt6 that finer th. 

@ttont th€ great€r the leai3tance off€r€d to trle pas..g. 

of alr tlrlough th6 sarpl€. Por detgnlnatlon of finon... 

of aach cotton sanple, thE Eauple ras bl.nded tholoughty 

by ustng ! lechanicar blandar. lteD 3.24 glaG of llnt

a4 

lro! €ach aanple vaE veigheat on Ebadov glaph and pl,aceil 

in btcroD.iro cha&be!. Ttle 6aDp1E cas coDp!6s6ed by 

lrl,unqs .na! 11! cullent ua6 .11ousd to irass at th€ 

pr6.sur€ of ao-60 pounds p6! Equars lnch, the A[ouht of 

alr flo, va€ lndi€tgd by the p@itlo! o! the nlIoati ln 

tha vertl,cle tub6 couecte.t to tbe coDpr€aaion chabb€r, 

ainenesE sas !€ad dheclty on the scale in llcrogres par 

tlBtl atRatc.IE (oooPlal) 

Ttto !1bra stlength t.sts have b.eb carrted out 

or P!e66l,ey llat Bundl€ st!€ngth T6ate! at 26!0 gauge 

16ngth, ro! thts, a gloup o! flb!6s va6:!!anqed j,h 

lErallsl posiu.oD j,r ribbon f!oD, ritb th€ b€lp o! coa!6€ 

.nd flna corb. thiE aual,l, libbon of fibra ,as carefully 

Drlc.d In claDplnq Jar6 Dounted oh th. vic. rith the h.1F 

ot tolqu. ,!€nch and th€n clahp6 v6re scrgved tightly. 

th€n th€ ldalnlDg portion of the flble llbbon on each 

sld6 of th€ jarE ea6 careful,ly cut rltb tha help of blunt 

kinle. I1lo lico ta6 then prac€d ln the ple6sfoy t6ster 

and push.d 611Eht1t !psa!d. th6 ,€lqht lrn on th6 sca1. 

rod of Pr€ssl€y tester. anil then it .topp6d dnhing du6 

to bleak.ge ol !ibr. ribbon rithiD tb€,rara of cl.up€. At 

leaat thraa readlngs uele recordad. lb€ bloken tlbbon ua6 

ta,(€n out of the vlc. v€ly car€tully ,ith the h€lp o!

a5 

lorep6 .bd plac€d oD th6 iTorEion aalance, to v6lsht It. 

The pr.ssley !.tlo (tnd.t) rar cdputed by appl,ylnq th€ 

follorlng lonula. 

Bleaklng Load in pounil6. 

Bundl6 reight ln !llllg!a!. 

Aft€s cal@lallnq th€ p!e661€y inilex, the !1b!€ 

ittenEtr! r.6 rolkeil out by appl,ylnq th€ loUoring tolrlula 

ln thousani:l poun& per sguare inch. 

rlb!. str.ngth = (PleFEt€y Index x 10.all5) - o.l2oo 

orL ?l4ctt!t6t 

lhs oil !naly61s eas bads f!o! a r€Pr4Bntatlv€ 

a6ed saDpls by rld€ llna Nucl.a! uagDetlc Rosonance (Nrm, 

looo) .nd than av€rlg€ o! e.ch sanotlD. pd leplietlon 

arrltalrctt ltlttarl 

Ihe itata legalding dlrlaetrt ch.racls!5 .rih 

plog€ny ,€!e .velaged and eubJ€ct€d to at.tistlcal 

laDipulatlon. atandald analyab of vallance tcchnlgue 

(st€61 and Tolrt€, 19ao) eaE .ppIled to ilotsine 

slg!!!tca.c6 o! Ea.E. onlt the .lqnl,llcant stutlDlc

36 

dlffgr.nc€E luov the data for fulth€! analyEl8. 

l. I DtattE! oEIIIIC lllrYAla 

A lull d1allsI closslng syateb coiplla€a all 

po66ib1. slbgr€ cora6es lncluau,ng 6e1l., donE a Eroup ot 

lndividulI. clon€., Inbr.d 11n4, etc, 60 1! tb6!. a!6 

nn" nub6r o! pa!6nt6. there .16 n2 &ltlng cobblnatlons, 

@stlng !.clproc.la sep.lately. A atl.l]'el tab1. 1. an 

lEan96ebt In a square ol !' obselvat1o!6 lroD a .et o! 

dlaltal c!ou3e6 b€tsoen n pa!€nta1 llnes. E.ch ron anal 

col@ of tho squ.le @fle€ponil to the !4aur4ent. o! 

the oatspltng lith . co@on parantal E6notypa, so that 

the n parent. f!o! the l.adlnq dlason.l of tlr6 table and 

6ach @Ie lrray (!ov) h.s a colron !!1a p.r.nt, bolhE 

Iike the f€4la aEay (colw) rhlcb is o! tb. aals 

g6notyP€ .3 1t3 coeon feuale p.reDt. 

Mn a dlaUe1 aystaE, g4olyps o! th6 parartg 

.nd plogdles ale d.flDeil .nil knoe a.q, to! 

i..veEtlgating t o g€ne!1c diff6!.ncs a 4r4 dtall6l, to! 

thres genetic dlf!6!ence6 0x3 d1aue6, for lour gan€tic 

dif!6r.bc€s 16116 dlallel dal ao on, th6 d1.1161 la *Dn 

as d€fl.€il dlaUel. Horgverr vh€n th. ili!!€!6ncea .Donq 

th€ p.tental genotype6 a!. uDdetln€d th6 dia11€I j,a ltom 

!6 und.dinsil illall.1,

th6 dlalr€l co.aa t€cbnlqu. ilaverop.d by na!4n 

{1954. and b), ,tlnkE (1954, 1955 and 1955) as.ppu€i! by 

Thltehouse el d. (1953) aDd ttalber .nil Jinks (197?) ra3 

ue6d fo! gen.tlc a@1yEla o! the 9x9 udeflb.d dlatt.l 

cro.. exp€!1D€nt. s1.c€ tb€la i. no leEtrlctlon on tha 

.uDb.r of paFnt.I 11n6a 1n an ud6!1Fd dl.tlBl, nln. 

pAretal lin€a rae con3ldered $fflci€nt to ploceed rlth 

. vaUil dia116l .na1,y61.. 

Bofo!€ proc..dlng to dirllar lD.lyaia an 

ordlnary aElya1' of vall.hcE iE p€rloEed to d.t6htn6 

rhelha signMcant vallation tB pre6.nt balt,aBtr th€ 

q@soa (fa!1l163) for tb€ cbalact.r unil.r .tudt, t! 

Ei9nMcart d1!!6!ance6 ale found b.tseen larlli6s !o! 

th. cn.ract.r., th{ th€ d.ra uy b. .ubl6or€d to tb. 

.natyalr of varlaDco o! baslc dlalr6l itat! to 9.t 

inlotutloD .bout th6 typ6 of Eenetic/non-genettc 

vallltlon goverrlng th€ chrract€!. 

Th€ .nalyria ot vallanc. ol the baglo di.1161 

d!t.t rll4 th. p!€liDlnaly a6se66!€nt o! rhetha! ther6 

1. .IgriticaDt additlv€ .nil non-.datltlv6 vartatiot 

Pras€nt. Ihs Dln ltos !o! difler6nce6 eonE tdala anit 

!al6 p.lents both refl.ct aUfaelonc.. eonq th. .abe set 

o! ge.otll)es &d aor in th€ ab6enc€ ol co4rUetlon such

aa 

as Dt€lEl e!!.ctr, shoqlal ylelil .atlute o! tb. saD. 

colponent ol vArlatlon, *hich ,i11 o! courue b. th. 

.ttilitlve vslAtlon rD). rh6 lt6i ior lnt.ractlon o! 

l@I. and EI€ par.nt6 of tba 9€n. €!!€ct. IDcludlng 

Aolhanc€ .6 v€u au non-adili!1vity of non-.rI.llo E€ne. 

1n ploducj.rq thelr e!!€cte. Th. !..n .quar. :or 

dlff6r.hc6! b€traa reclrpoc.I6 can b. colpalsal rlth 

6!!0! va!1.tj.on to plov1d€ a t66l o! .qu.line$ity In th. 

gdetlc.r datenlEtlon of th€ chalrct.r, 

Dtl!!a! aaa!{lttott trD tE6r toR 

the iUaU€I anaIt613 

.aauptton3 .3 toIIoE:- 

1. Dlplold s.glegatlon. 

2. No !€clplocal 6!!ect. 

llo@rygou8 pdant3. 

No uultipl€ all€li6! 

hilep.ndent qe.s dlEtlibut1on. 

ftEBrt vtlrDtt! 

va8 obEewaal on th. 

Although co66vplun hlrsutun 16 !n alphiatlplold 

bsteeBn th€ Epecles o! A ..d D E6nole but !.!y .arli.r 

.c16t15ts lil. eiklzzl (1e62) an.l xlDbe! (r96t) h&l 

ldovlcted that lt E.gldgate 1n dlPlold eM€!; ao t!. 

r.E4rch E.t€!1.1 fulliI th€ fllst a.6uDEtior.

a9 

For.4ovlns !6clprocal dlf l6!€nc.. !6.!tlr.s 

ln tb€ oft .tiaso..1 ceu€ o! tbe iu,a11.l, tabl6 u6!. 

!€p1ac.al by th€ir leahs of c!o6B lnd !€cipfocat prlor to 

tt. Farotal 1i,nes ln th. gen. pool ol th. 

ootton Rese.rch statlon, !.isa1Ebad, Belfed .v6!y ya.t to 

€Eu. ttu.-lo-type and h@ozygou.. Henc6 Eata.l,al, 

..ti€!l€il th. a6suDtio. of holozygoua Fer€Dt. 

11|€ ass@ptione of no eplata6ts, no nlti9r6 

rllel1.D and nuco!!€latgd gen€ iuEtllbrtion, ilata re!. 

aubj€cted to tro tEta. Fr11u6 ol both th6 t6st. 

colpl.tely invalldaleE the addltlve-do!1nanc€ botlel. !o! 

tboEe PAr.etcls rhlch 6hos€d colplete lbadequrcy of 

.aldj,ttv. dollnance rodel, thel! futher rn!Iya1. ee!. 

Tha fi.at le6t 1E an analygls o! leq4sion 

c@fficlot. !i!at Btllato the v.ridc€s (vr) anil 

covarhnco (tr!) (a!!!y rl.th 1ts pareDtll valua) ot allayg 

lro Average altauel itlta and colputed roqiossj.on 

co€lllclent, only thos. palaneters fuulU.il tb€ 

86uptloB rhlch aboeeil siqnl.llcatrt diff6!€nc66 l!o! 

,€!o but not fro! 1.

Ihe E€conal t6gt !o! the6. th!6. assuptlona $. 

A! analysla of va.larce o! the qu.ntity o! lE-vr. ThlB 

quetlty Bhoul

v.rt.nc6 (v!). tha slop6 ard the poEilloD o! !€g!6sE1on 

lhe titteil to th. aray polnt3 ,lthin the llEited 

parabola lndiqt€d th6 deqeree o! doblnan.e .nd the 

llea€nco and .b.enca of gen€ in!*actlon th6 6xt6!nA1 

11D1t. of Euabola e!. al!.m by ptottinE valiAnce (\tr) ol 

$ch .r.y ag.lEt lt6 correEpondlng $rl. 

azt.,l96ilE 

vP = varirnce o! tha Par6nta. 

R€q!€6€1on lind tas ibarn by Plottlng valianco ol ..ch 

lrray (vr) .galnEt ltF co!!€spondlnq exPactat:l lrr6t. 

G- b€an ol covarlaN€3 

rear o! varianc€s 

bt; 

b - Reg!€a5ion co€lficl€nt 

the.taalght lln€ passlng through alt tb€.. 

poilt. f.iticat.. ttls absoce o! non-al1.llc lnte!.ction. 

The d1.t!nce b.&e.n th€ orislD and th. poltrt .bGB th. 

regression lin. cutE th6 lr!-ax16 proviil6s I b€a.ue o! 

lverlge degle6 of ddinance, €.9. 1! th. !egre66j,on llno 

lntelc€pt ll!-.xls .t posltiv. th€n Partlal ddimlB, 

rh6n Ps6r.. thloush o!191n conDl.t. doll.anc. and vhs

cuta rt n6Eativ€ 6id. ov.!do!1hanc. 946 actlon Eovdn€d 

!o! that palticula! tliat. rh€ o!il€! o! the a!!.y poinlg 

.long rlth t6sleaBion lin€ tblov€ 1i9ht or th. 

distllbution o! doDlnant .nd !€c€s6fv€ E6n€s :eDg th. 

Pardnls. P.reDt nearect to ths point o! o!19in poa6€E€erl 

lort of th. tloliDant gen€E, rhile tha p.lent that laid 

th€ falthaat pogs4.ed Dost rac€Eatva 96nas, ard th6 

lntelD6diate poaitlon 6l9nil1€il tb€ p!6EeDca o! both 

itolin nt.Dd !.ce6slv.9ene6 In tb€ par€nt. lb€ st.Dda!.| 

rro! ror th€ !€qieEsloD 1n sr,otre ra. estleteil accoldinq 

to En6d€co! ami Cochran 11952). 

otxEltc tltN(FlEaa 

Th6 Eenetic parabetslE 1n F1 Populatton ed. 

coquted Mthodorosy glven by HalD.n (1954. and b) and 

h€ritabllity ,as c.lcul.ted by the folNlr 

DArlated by singh anil chauilhaly {1979). h F2 gene!.tion 

ttre forDul. fo! s€netic par.betela e6r6 EodM€d at 

propo.ed by vdhrlaD and xulray (1959) .nit v€lha1o gl 

4, (19?U. th6 gsatlc pa!a@to!6 rllh thsit lonu1l a!€ 

glveD tn lable 3.1,

Fii qi lif it iti ti i 

tiiii'iiilFii'li 

-i 'i i ti i 

E 

e 

F9 

!! a 

: 

5 

i 

1 

I 

s 

i t's 

'.?: s 

I 

.F -" 

3F 

'F 

F 3i: ; Et rt r 

.f '"3 | ; ; { :t 

i i 3 * *; ;F 

j '!1, ri !l 

E! ti,F 

n i F 3 i 

i "= -l! 

f ' -; F 

-E 

: 

n 

!E 

!! 

I 

a 

F 

I 

€ 

I

94 

5 i'r; 

5,2 g !; 

lrtl: 

i:c!E 

.'.,giiE 

i:i !r 

C:rll 'irr{ 

Ilrqi 

i i;; i 

Fgq'*; 

E5F;5 

FilSi 

lrili 

li !i! oi:ol 

! tr !3 

!*::: 

; c iii 

3ir= e 

!: F$: 

i,:61 

'e9! t 

1..;! 

s E i"t !:?E 

siil 

, t o.? 

- i*-o 

sl:i 

g F{ I 

dI; P 

Eiii 

itli 

Lg3I 

:' 

-i 

. l[ E!!5t. 

i -nt 

.t 

"r 

OL 

I

c. cot8ltrto latlrtlt tl|lltala 

the ar hybrldE data tnua collected vas a16o 

Eqbj€cted to analysj,E of valianc€ t€chniqua as outllned 

by 6teel .bd Io!!i€ (1e30) fo! all the charactera und€t 

6tudy to obs4va th6 lev.l of 619n1l1canc€ along v.lloug 

11 hybridB and thelr pa!6Dtal rin6a. 

Alt tho cbalact6ls unde! obselvalloG exhlblteil 

highty 6lgniflcant dilfelenceF. aurthsr an.lysis lor 

corblbing abulty aff€cls v*e perfohed bt uEing 

c!lMnq?. (1955) r,t.thod r nod6l rr. coEbinllg €bllity 

vas colputed .r und6!: 

it cdc.r ooibtrllg rDtrltt (ccrt €ll.6t3r 

Et - GeDe!.l coEbinlng ability eff€ct o! 1tb 

Nu!b€! ol palentE/va!1eues. 

[ - lota], of Deatr valu66 ol F!'3 re6ultlng 

lrod clo6slDg J lind tlth ith 1ine3. 

x: = 10ta1 0f lean valu€a o! Frr. lesulting 

froD clos.lng I 11n.8 uith jth linaa. 

x.. r GlaDil total of .rr ths rcan values 1n tbe

1l . at .itJ,. .cDldry .Dllttt (3.a, .tL.t.. 

c - r/2 (t + rr) -1l' D (4 +tr+:q! + 

I .J, + t/C r.. 

8i - 8D.cMc colbtDlrtg $tllty bet ..n It! .nd 

jth rrm.. 

L..n vdu.. ot th. Ft r€ulthg !!o! 

.E€..lqI t!. lt! .nd Jth llm. rltlt trb 

tltl.. 

+ " L..n vrlu. ot t!. i lEsltlE tt-a 

oro..lng t!. Jth |'d it! rtl|.. vttl tr! 

4 - lot.l o! r..n vdu.r or !r,3 !.rulrln!, 

'16[ .a€|dry Jt! tlm vlth Lrh rh.r. 

xr = r.c$ao€rl vrlu.. ol 'i 

lud v.lu$ toE th. 11'6 r€suttt|g ttc 

oro.rilt ttb rtD- dt! ltb UD. 

I

\ - v.Ica ol reciproc.l Fr's o! xl 

x., - ciand total o! tb€ obr6!v.tioD3. 

111) r.clt,loqr r!!.€t.l 

r/2 (xi - b) 

par.nB. 

n6rn valu66 for lhe ar re6ultlng !ro! 

cros.lng the ith .Dit lth 1iDe. 

tq - Reclpr@al value. of Fr r€aqltLDg lrd t 

Ih€ va!1.n@ due to c!6ss va6 p.ltitlon..l 

into tha vallanc€ due to gen6!.I coDblnLnE altuty 

e!!4ta, .p.cillc coDblninE rblltty .t!.cts rnal 

rectProc.r 3!!acts, by th. louovlDg !o ura !o! uethoil, 

I and ltodgl tI (cr1!!inq, 19551, 

amlysl. of vallance tor lGthdr I glvlnE 

€xp€ctlon. o! @an .qua!63 lor th. asauiptlon. ot liod.l 

II.

SSilL 

98 

af .t aq, Lo a9. r{sr.tl4.t &s atr 

q 

'q 

d+t{F1tlD 6+2D.r' 

lF.lttc r(Frt/2 r. r, a{.tztt-Flt/t't 6.. 

t .$@.r l'(Flr,/2 4 r( 5t + 26,t

l/a tt(:q + xilt - 2l{ (x..lt, 

q - 1/2iir(rrrx,) -rl2DE(xl+ 

r()'+ l/t'(x..)' 

6; ' l/ri

c@poDeDt. ol vA!.lnc6 ior !€clProcal 

V.!ian@ coDpan€nts ar. e6tiralod by .quatllq 

th. obEelv€il a.tl .).pect6d b.an rqu.!€s 1n llabfe 3'2. lt. 

..tlDts rta corFut€d aa loll4al 

1/2P t4 _ U.--tj{I:lU--.&l 

1/2(4 - &) 

D. GENaTTg YrIIIBII,III, COAiAI,AIIOTA 

coB tlcrErl ll$r,Ysftt 

AIID EATE 

lhe Fr dlta coUecteil on tho lbove D.Dtloeil 

charact6r. vere .tatlstlc.lly anllyz€d fo! anaty615 o! 

vlrtdco lnil @v.rl.nce lor all th€ char.ctds €lnq th. 

r.thod glvsn by st€€l and to!!l€ (1930). The he!1tab1uty 

1n broad 36b36, 96not!?i,c and ph.notypic co6fflcl.nt6 ot 

v!!ia!c6 ard 9e!6tic adv.nc€ u6re calculated by th€ 

!€tbod€ ElopoEad by Hanson sl 41. {re56), Bulton (1952) 

.nil Johnson e! rl. (1e55).

Ph€Dottplc, g.notyDic rnd snvtrom€ntat 

@rr€I.tton coofflcl€ntE e€le calcul,.ted utlllzLng th. 

plocealo!6 il€scllb€al by k{o! anal tor1. (1e64) and 6e&1. 

(r95r,) .E loUorE ! 

1ol 

rt/r (rq) 0l) J- 

16 tha phenolyplc 

for gootyp.6 anil 

lor traita I and J 

covd / t 0.rr) (v!tj) lor 

co!!.latlon, tt 13 th€ !e.n 

4 .Dd I4lr .re g.notyplc De.n 

I 1€ the g€nolypic colfelltion coa!!1cl6nt, covd, 

vdj atrd v.rd d. gen€tlc 6.tlmt.a ol 

g.notyp.. ol covarhnc6 alil valllnca !..p.ctivsly lor ith 

r r[/t (Eltst { Er{sr) 'r 

!, ls ovl.oN€rtal collalallon coellicleDt, !}|!i 1a 

.ror !.aD ploduct, lusi rnd !tls, ar. alror D.an .qud.t 

aor tralt3 I .nd J r..pstlva1y,

to2 

Bslt.bll,ttl€s j,n bioad aos€ ard sarotlrplc 

cor!.rati.on coclllcienntB uer6 !at.d a6 a1gnlllcanl oDly 

vben obeelvsd value6 ,€re high€! tha! t{1ce ol tb€ 

esltD.ted hlues ol .!anda!d error for gsotvt,Ic 

coE.tatlon co€ff1e1€nt and lor h€!1tab1lltv a6 outlln6d 

by R6sve (1e55) and LothroP 9l al. (re35r and b) vtth th. 

help ol lolld1ng lonull: 

s.E. (rs) - l:--a.'s) | l2)o'. 

"."."1 - f,---+- 

L "p 

s.E (rg) = 

s3(h,) x - 

sE(bt) Y - 

s,E. (J) Y = 

tsE(h1x.6E(nz) 

x ---lds.-) + 

__lull 

E.d!+2 jl 

stanatald €!!o! fo! ggnotypic co!!6tation 

standard eror for helitabllity of x 

standald e!!or fo! helltability of Y 

cen6tlc corr.IalioD co6lliclent 

stanitald €.ror to! b€lttabiuty 

Ph6nottlrtc va!1anc€ 

The genoeypic corrslatlon lnd h.litabllltv 

(Brdd s.n6e) va3 .lgDillcabt lf it€ va1u. exc.ed6d tsic6 

of i,t6.tdd.rd arror. Ph€trotyplc and envlro@nt6l 

co!!€ratlons wsle t.rted fo! their slgnilicanca uslng rt'

t(qI) 

r 1r colr.l.tlon co6lflci6nt Anil n 1. !wbe! o! 

Path coefflcl.nt ely.1E vas Porlolllad 

a€orclng to th. tethoat p!€ffitbed hy Dorey and ru (1959) 

by solvlng th. lorldlng equatlonr uelDg g€nott't 10 

colr€Iation.. s.€il cotton yield par Pldt r.. k6Pt r. 

leaultrrt varhbls (.t!.ct) .nal yl.ld contributlnE 

chalAct.lE .. c.usal vall.blas (c!$€). Equltlor to 

cllculat€ di!6cl .nal 1nd1!.ct eflecB .a Indj,ot.d b!' t\. 

tEth itl.gEd rro !s uhit€!: 

!, + !.. P, + !t, P, + r!. Pi + r,. P, + !r. P, 

+!..P!+r..Pr+.r!r.' 

Pr+t.P!r!..Dr+trPr 

... E, +rL. P' + Po + rr, P, + rr. P, 

Ply + rr. P, + !.. Pr, + !d Pr

1oa 

rt. P{ + rr. P|' + r.. P, + !r. Pn + E? + r,. 

Pr+rr. Pd + !r. Pu+!iPi 

rr. p, + t!. P, + rr. Pq + r{, Ei + rr. P, + Pt 

+ ri. P, + lnt P! + t. Pi 

rhy - r.' Pr + rr. P! + !.. Po + !.. Pa + r.. Pr + 

!..Pr+!d.Ps+lr+riPn 

ri,y - rj. P, + .r. Pt + !d. Pe { r.. P, + 1.. Pr + tr 

P,, + !d. E +r..Pb+P, 

xhq6 r, l,r tb. .ybbo1 u66il !o! g.uotyplc 

co!!€l.tlon co6ltlclent rln !o! path co6!!lcl6nt 1n tatis 

ol p.ltlll r€gre66ion coolllclant and !, b, c' it, e, !, 

q, h lnd I chdactqg und.r lDvestlgatton an.l ryr Etdila 

for yt.ld ol 6@d @tton Fr plant.

105 

lh€ p.th auagrd ra. alarn rhlcih d.pict.d th6 

iu!@t etf.ct o! dillsat ch.lact.B oD yi€lil ol 6e.d 

cotton .hd lndi!.ct €lfat6 tbrough .lt*natlve pAth eay 

[ (corr.lattoD co.!!1.j.cn.t (r) x pAtbway (p)]. 

R.Blitual ellect !c p.th coellicient aFly.ia 

*as cAlculate.l by the aollovbg €quatlon (sirgh .nil 

Dr +D, +t +b: rDr Dr.rr.D:. 

2P, r. P, + 2P, r. P, + 2P{ rr P, + 2P{ r. 

2P4.! P, + 2p{ r. r! + 2P' !. Pb + 2Pry 

+ 2P, !b Pq + 2Pv t, P, + 2Pv tb P4 + 2P, 

+ 2Pr ri E, + 2Pr rr Pr + 2Pr !d Pr + 2P, 

+ 2P, !e P, + 2Eq t. Pn + 2Pa rr Po + 2Pc 

+ 2P, rd P, + 2Pdy !. P, + 2Pr !r Pr + 2Pt 

+ 2Pn !d Pl' + 2P' t4 P, + 2Pq t. Pt + 2Pq 

+ 2P, !. !l' + 2P, rr P, + 2P, !r P, + 28, 

+ 2P, rd Pf { 2P, t. Er + 2E, rj Pr + 2P!

106 

CHAPTER IV 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

l. Drr!!!t/ cRoal mtYa!3 

xnoal.dqe:bout g'netlc 'echanis! of vl'tdr 

flbre and qualltv PallEatelB iE llpelattve inportant' !o 

breatl s.neticaltv .uperior anil biologicar afflcl4t 

cotton cultlvalt po66asslng halnonlous conbtnationu or 

tlaltE llk€ htgh Yi.td. htgh ltnt and oi1 p'rcentt!'e' 

bette! qu.ltfv .loig etth lnc!4s€d adaptabllitv to the 

plavauing local con

la 

g.n€lations. tne36 t6.u1t6 Provtdg uselu1 Inton'tlon 

.bout tha genetic b.s1. only to the llneE/vt!1€tiet 

tnclud€d i. th16 study. rhlcrr a!€ conc€lvably or 

th.or.t1c.l inte!66t to aotlon qen€tlc16ts lnd of 

Ellctlcll 

u6e to cotton br.€dert' 

Ths d1a1t€l ..!1vsl3 has th!6' diBc!6t€ 

op€latloE. In !i!5t steP !on.r .lalvsb or vullnc' u!6 

c.!!I.d out fofloulnE .th6! .nd Jink (19?7) jnBr"

108 

Eection the r6ault' o! tio6€ ch.r.ct6!E ara 

,hlch shous co!pl6t6 lnvalidtty ot the rod'l' 

r. cBrtrcrrn! saosrto cortlEt! lraoolcY ot xoDr! 

NuED.r o! !oI1. D.! lttDt 

anarv6ls of v'riance dat' 91vsn tn TablE-1 tntr 

T.bte-2 lndlcatad that valiltion b€tr€s! faillv Daans v'5 

slgntatcant a! P

lgt 

-'.'' :;':ii:::.:i 

!'i.iiiii a';t* 

i:::"is:f,."":#t'.!' 

tt. -- tr*+o' .::".'.i'ii1-,i'1ffi ' ;f ,:''i:"' 

si?._tarait 't 

(ooorE!

ll0 

'-.,' :iiil::i ;i.:iil.ii"':':.1r.:'ii".".::"u:'siii,x?'i

[;Eig 

i9'. 

::-333: 

33;;;3 

liH€:E 

', iJ,r.? 

lll 

IEFdFE 

i"l'I 

s;3Ii; 

;38;Hg 

I S;., l,;;i 

i;;l; 

'1 "'',ii 

I

l12 

the Dll€ antl foDll€ va!I!nc6 Etifl sbosed slgnlficanca 

(P

[] 

The !€E!e$to! analyEi6 of Fr g6neratlon 

(Tabr.-s) res.t

!.* r* * 

tL 

1. CI! - Ul5 

2. A-!2 

3- Lb.-g-@ 

{- aE-5 

6. ELdE_€lF 

3- at@'lU._?4l I 

?. xlta - 76 

6. E-8a 

9- lIr11-€A_I 

to 

\ts 

-tltJ$Ct o.ttl4 

"c r"u. tG tld (ta tEGdtI!)

{irrlg:l 

r,tl3'iFi 

$ 'i* t " 

r ?3 

; 

iFFF!Fi 

opuo50!l 

; 

!rux3;!X 

;1,;-;;!;; 

6!tiFF!iF 

g33er33lB 

}!FiF$F}F 

dTgS::BEH 

i-q.ipiF: 

EEiS!EiHi 

P!:iE6B;9 

tX:;t:llg 

iiii* iii 

I 

ll5 

!:=B:lf"i 

!:!P::,i-; 

l-:!: ii 

a oF.r.u,l 

! t; a 

; 

il;;;i 

I 

I a 

2a 

!

lt6 

c r F $ i f ; g iF i? 

ueie'FE-liii 

9P99:-::; i i 

iig$:IEb $ E 

itiiH$'i I " 

ooee9993 I 9 

L;;;NF-N i !! 

:sii;;33;; 

:J!;i;'E !; 

1'!-3::', j':J P :' 

r!;;Eg;i i I 

$,iEii,i.;,d, 

e 

:griidqq i q 

{*,$iE 

-io' 

Bl[ 

!F

t17 

ir;; *;:.! 

s' t' 9t ;i 

'f :f '; 9.' 

Iri> 

.:,; 

J 

9998 

! si: 

E E$E 

gd;x 

$ 

's 9f 'f 9; 

l.l, 

,:,1 

3;*; 

z- 

E 

5

J,r;t,j,j,l ,r; 

s93i;gsid 

i 

ll8 

rrroEt!60 

t?!3igt, i 

? 

,l

V0r+$r 

t. 

3. 

6. 

7. 

9. 

lla 

fr!a- 2 

hr&/l? aEd !F dc d brL 

trc Dld (ta aF-*r-) 

slt - tl6 z- a-12 

bb.-B-60 

a- !E-5 

Bl.!oo-ffi 6- AtwtU-?Al 

ltltE - ?6 

a. 8E-84 

llrll-€A-I vP- P.!at ! Elr|. 

?. o,4tss 

.1

120 

!-axls b€Ioo th€ ollgiD, h6nc€ tignlfi€d oveldouinanca 

qrye or g€nic coDtro!. !rh. posltlon of *tav porntt on 

th. !.Eta3.lon 11n6 !ev'Ar'd that r|s-aa Eecured ths 

dxlDu! dorlDant 9€n6., uhll6 tb6 @*lDui !€cesElve 96nes 

rere co.tal!6tt by xlAs_?a !o! nub€r o! bolt6 p'r pl'nt' 

b6caus. of th6r. ne!!€st 'ad ttrtbe6t posltlon tro! 

ollqin ra6pectlvarv. the 61D11" tvP' of flndlnq6 v'!€ 

!!so reporteil .!sathe!€ trv !'!ott ald schceDdlD'n 

(1e7..), xirza snd xhln (19?'), P'rcivar (19s2) ' Ce6o6 el 

d. (19s71, J.gtap and xolh€ {r9s?) and xh6n e! TL' 

(19e0), rihlt6 nhlte .nal xohar (195r) ' ar_Rtvi ald (oh'l 

(1e59), Fatlh e! al. (19751, singh (19s0) tnd Rsh@n tnd 

xha! (1993) obEelv.il p'rtirl dortnands lD th6tr 

lnvg6tigattoDE.bout nubb6r o! bollt p'r plant' ThIs 

trM€r.nc6 In r.EuIt. It dus to dilt€rent qenatlc 

h.tertll .bdl€d under dtfler'nt 'nvlloDantal 

To 6e. vhethe! the dtstllbution ol doDin$t 

ol the co@on 

.rletss b cor€lat€'t sith th€ Ehenot!'pd 

par4t, th. valu€ o! t{!+vr lor €ach uas coDpar€d 

'rrtv 

llith tha te.n o! tho codnon P!!€nt of arlay' FroD Tabl'-{ 

the pa!€nt.l v.1u€5 o! tl|e nurber of borls p€! Ptan! '€'e 

pl,ott.d ag.lDst Tr+\E In flgu€ 2' ltoD shlch it t6 cl'a! 

that 1n qeneral tbe higheBt nuhber o! bolts p€r plant 

gtve th. 1.t94 v.1uos of {!+v! dnd 60 iust be ctllYrng

t2l 

few€! aloEin.nt g€ne6. Th€ gogttlv€ corlelatlon {r = 

o.aa55) betv€.n plrertal v!Iu66 o! boII nutb€lE p€r pllnt 

lnit its rr+vr Indlc.ted th.t ganee thtch ldte! tn6 nu!€! 

o! boUs per Plant ear. t€nil to b' dotrinant' Th€ 

anoealous posltlon of cultlvtrs aET-5 lnd Nl'-11-52-I 

lndlcated tba! not au tna g€ne6 for lot€r huDbsr o! botl 

p.r plant c.n b6 do!1nant .n't suggestt that tbd6 !E 'n 

aEbidlractlon.l .rdeDt In th€ doEinlnc6 lalation of bol1 

nuibers gen€6, .s *ould b€ 'xP€cted It thlg characts! hall 

b€€n sd6t etabillring s.l'ctton (r{atn'!' 1e73)' 

R€Er.sslon an!1vsls of r, g'n€ratlon (T6bt€_3) 

tndic.ted that regr€s3lon c@fficlent (b = o ?312 1 

0.2119) do6e not atePalt .19nMcotrv (P>o'05) froD unrtv 

although tt d€p!!t 6lgDltlcartlv (P

t22 

3 g g $ i I i g lr ia 

iEfiarI*tii; 

i tii - s : ; 

oo9 9 9 

ti!$fnilH ; 

e99 9 3 

r.:.:.;;;nr N 

$;;;l5ia ! 

N 

E 

Eiqqqi[{[3 

qqIqIiAq1[ 

13 

sl 

J

t23 

parsnts. al_Rari lnd l(oh.I (1969), a16o lou'd that vrr-v! 

varteE siqlifican y tro! !!!ay to aEav and '{irzn and 

xhan (re?,|), ThoDble e! d. (1937) 'nd l(atsv and carg 

(19SS) observed th€ Involvetan! of €plstasis in the 

hh€litance of nNb6r o! bolr. P* Prant' 

The lesults P€ltalnlnq to lnalvsis of variance 

ples€ntetl in tabl€_1 (rr) .nd f!bt6-2 (41) reveared that 

t}!e genotypic itlfa.!.nc.t .rong sl_qenotvpes vas 

significant at P

[[iEEE 

T'ii 6' 

Pg3 

124 

rricEg 

giIS r 

9Pi

t25 

against .pPropltatc 6!10r t€!D' tlh€n ret€sted asalnst the 

r€otProc.l D6an squara, agaln th6 ltebE I'e' EAl6' fEnlre 

and int.ractlon r.r. stgtrttic'nt (P0.05) for !r qeneration' fh're is thus no 

.vltlenca of anv non_.tr.ric lnte!"tion 'nd also the!€ is 

no €vidence of the g€nes b6inq associated in a non-randoE 

ray in their dlstllbutiols betv€6n the par'nts' The 

lesresslon an.lvsiE lTabl€_s) tor P' populatlon 6ho'ed 

that sloPe of re9!6sE1on rlns (b - o'?so5 10 2052) 'lo€s 

no! deviate slgnlfic.llrv !!oD unltv and of coulse dlller 

6iEnificlntlv lroi z€ro, EuggeEttng agaln th€ absenc6 ot 

ep1staEt. antl .r 1ltrapod€nc' of g'nes lEonq th' par'ntg' 

fience both the tests suqgeEt theis the lddttv6_donlnanc€ 

Dodel a!. adsqut€ tor !r g€ner6tton 'nit laY procead to 

tha fl!/v! regresslon graph vhtch wirr Eive lnfornation 

about tha tvPq of valiation (addllive and/or doDinaDce' 

anil the iltstllbution o! altetes uonq the pa!€nrs'

i ? 5 9r R E & , i 

r " I ': I " J 5 i 

- '3 

3:E EiS3fiB 

t26 

rirool!ba 

l9i35E&, i 

t 

a 

!

3XG; 

tz7 

J 

SdEE 

3"; 

Hrl> 

gtrS 

33:; 

s;:: 

e

Ett,oo 

128 

t.rhctFbo 

33 

lr 

.a 

Fi 

;P 

E

t29 

Figur. 3 depLcted glaPbicsllv the datr 

pre6ent.lr In tab1._10. Th. leg!"sion Itne cutt th' 

covalllnce axls abovs thB oliqin' 'ddltiv' 'tth Parliar 

alolinanc€ 96nic .vtters ea3 slgnified for lint 

p€rceDta96. !!o. th. r.lattv€ posltjot o! a!!av pointa 

.long the raqreEglon riner it v's obvtous that th6 

cultlvar s-r2, b€ing nealest to tna olisln' posg€sEas tn' 

lost douinant 96neE for lint P€rcent'qe forlored by tls-34 

1n second Position poss€ssinq dooinant gen€s rhe 

cultiv.r clu 135 carlied th' Do6t recesslve qeneg fo! 

lint percent.ge du€ to lts !'rth€st positlon fro! orrcrn 

!!qu!. 4 Indtc.led th. P!€s.nce o! Deqatlwa corr'lation 

(! = 0.46t6) b€tr.€n pa!6n!al D6asu!'nent (P) and 

parertit ord6r of dollEnc€ {nr+v!) tor lint percenta9s 

ruEgestlng tlr.! Een€6 for hlgher rtDt perceDtaqe tend to 

b€ alo!1nant. roreov€! ro3t o! tha 'tortnant qdea in th' 

par6nt to! thls parac6ter a!!'cttng In on' dtlectlon and 

recesEive in oPPosit6 dir€ctlo!' 

Thesd conctuston6 !!' qulle in lccordasc' eith 

thoE6 oa al-Rati and Koh€r (1969)' V€tt'ren e! E"l 

(1e?1), Uiizs anil xh.n (19?'l) . satlh e! El' (1975) ' s6llD 

9! 3f, (197S)' XhaD et el (lesob)', sinqrr (1930) and 

atiyakubov lnd rtiev (199r) ' uho report€d lh' 

tnvola€heDt of partlat dollnance tvPd of gene action to! 

Ilrt p.rcett!E6. ohareaE xbln e! aJ' (19304)' !€lcival

Hr{ 

l- 

6- 

7- 

9- 

lgt 

t!q- I 

h/t Gqf lG l|d F.d.at 

crl - 186 

Lb.-B-50 

Bl@o-8464 

lItB - 7A 

Il-11-6[!-r 

(& aE tto, 

5. 

3. 

1. 

6a 

a-12 

tll-6 

18-€6 

t. 

- L! c..'1o6 t e.tcse

l.l1 

tlll- a 

hlvr/rP arq|b fG lttt De-lra. 

(& aEdLn) 

t. 

1, 

o. 

7. 

9vP. 

crt - lt6 

a-t2 

t b.-B-6o 

A!f,-6 

BlrltF*F3 

t{ll8 - ?6 

t8-aa 

tt-rt-€a-l 

-L.= o,44lA 

c. 

.l

132 

(19s2) . Slnvagl q! a!. (1es2) ' xhan g! c.l' (1e33a) ' xlrta 

an.l xhaD (Its{). Jaqt'p lnd KoIh€ (I9s?)' xh'! e! '.).' 

(rest). r,atl! e! d' (less), Rshian e! !_!' {193s) ' Tarrq 

e! 31. (1s92) and R€hEan e! 4 (1993) obsarved 

oveltlorin.nc. ttP. of Ean€ 'ctlon involv6d for ltns 

pelcentage. $hil6 Gupta anrl sinqh (re?o)' singh and 

sandhu (1979), Xirza and v\h€n (19s4) (han 

' 

4 d" (19s?) ' 

Rehran c! d. (19ss) 6nd (han e! t' (1990) a16o 

.dvocat€d Int€ractlon ol non-a11elic 

g6n€s for this 

paranelar. Thes€ dicrePtnci€s are dus to different 

q€nettc iat6rt.I lsed !o! etudving under di'felent 

experii.nt!I cotditlons' 

Th. teg!€sslon !D!1vsie in ft population 

provtdes f!1! basais !o! 'drljtive_'tdbtn6lc' rodel 

interp!€tatlotr (Table-s), at the rBgr€sslon co€fficlent 

lb = 0.7767 ! o.2724t slgnlltcrntlv (P

t3l 

fbe lnaly.lE of v'rianc€ gr€sentcd ln table_l 

(r, s6nelatton) lnd tabl6_2 (at gensratlon) Ind1c6led lnat 

D€an dill6renc6E bgtta€D Pat'ntd and th6lt hvblids lor 

llnt l.dos tele 6l9nlfic'Dt o'ol Plobabllltv lev'I 60 

't 

data ver. fulther subjected to diallel analvsis 

The resultF of dilllel analysis prssented in 

table-13 shor6d th.t reln squar' for !ale' feEal€ and 

tnlerActions depar! slgni'lcantlv (P

iidEg 

Tili 5' 

3gi 

e rg!; 

I 339-'' 

t34 

3 3;iJ- 

€c"B: 

ti 

'I

135 

{hen tho three lteEs, i'e' Dal€' !'Dle and 

Irt.taction. tele rqtest€d tgainst the reciprocal eean 

squ.r€s, thev st1II shot€d Eigntrlcanda ID both 

gen€rations. accoldlhg to tatbe! and Jinks (197?) thrs 

tsEt ir not strlctly valld, 'lnc€ 36 deg!€a6 ol f!€6'loE 

lor leciProcal iUllerences are not oittrogonal to the 

three it6D. i e. ral€, febalo 'n

dt!oo 

f ? t t3 t E & , i 

99: 999:39 

99P 9:9949 

ii: :i:ii: 

358 9EJEES 

r36 

t?i3tE9, i 

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vari€s Eiqnlticantlv (Po 05) of l{!_vr betv€eD lEav 

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part1.1 .vldenc€ tbat €pl6taEls lnd Dultipre allellsb dld 

not conttlbuta Eiqnltlcanl1v to lint lnda' inhslltance 

anal geDes fo! Iint intl6x tr€ independentlv distributed 

aronq the palents. sence th€ addltive-dobinanc€ eod6r 'as 

adeqult€ fo! lnterpertatlon of the diallar results oJ 

rhe validity of lho additive-dontnanco [oder 

for F g.Deratlon rag conrlded flon the resulta ol 

regr€ssion analvEts given in Tabte-5 The rcqr€ssion 

coefticlert (b = o.?5os? I o'2913e) deParts sisnificantrv 

(Po'05) fro! 1' 

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tlistrlbut€d abong the palent6 for llnt lndex character In 

A panolars of gr'Ph beteed sr and vr iD 

!lgu!e-5 Ehovett a stratght tine of slope 1 plsging 

througb oldtrate and interc€pt€d the r axis b€Iot the 

origln hence advocateit ove!-dollnance €vpe of qen€ aclron 

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atgu!e-5 shored tblt conpall'on o! tr!+vr lor 

6!cb a!!ay tttb lean of th' coDon pa!6tt to see vhethsr 

tha iliEtllbutlon o! douiltnt 'ltel€s cor!61ated elth th' 

ph€notyPe of th€ coMotr p'lEnt Th6 negttlva colr6lation 

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doEinalc€ leratton of the lln! lndex 96ne5' 

as vould be 

.:p.ctad if thls cha.acL! had dder stabillzlng 

salectioD (ttath€r, 1e73). 

Th.66 !e5ult6 conllred the flDdjngs of e'rl l€t 

research rolk€ls like sanYa!! e! 3l' (1932)' Xha! g! d' 

(19s7) i atr ienlan e! !I (19e3) vho leport6'l 

oveldoiinanc€ tvP. of g€n'tlc contlol lor llnt lnd6x' 

xh€!€as xhan g! d" (19SOb), sllgh (1930)', latif 

rt d. (19SS), RerraD 9! !l' (19sS) and tariq e! !I' 

(1992) {ho lounil partlal 'loilnance to! llnt lndex' Gupt' 

rnd singh (1970), Gupta 'nd slngh (19sa) lnd Xban ql AI' 

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!.! ihl. P...r.!.r. Thit contr'ttlctlon lD !€6ults !'v b'

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valtation .ed3 to tF lb6ant in popul'tlon' 

the dlallel 

'tat! vlth lh€lt varl'nce lnd 

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'nd 

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ln T.ble_s rev6!1ed thlt !6gregElon co'lf1cl€nt lor Fl 

popul.tion dep.rts slgntfic'ntlt (!

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data to! dla1161 assuptlon. of !o €El3t'cvt no tultiPr€ 

all€rtEr and u!-corret.tsd gen€ dlttlibutlon and 

disqu.llfi€d th. F PoPul.tlon d'!' lor thes6 dlauer 

a6EuPtlonE. Itt. s€cond t.3t 1''' 'nalv'is of v'rllnc€ ol 

arr.y glven in alble_Ie !g!ln invalldat6 the adflitivedorlnance 

lod€I !o! fr-popul.tlon *h'r'at lt BupportE th' 

validlty o! tho Doder ln Fr generatlon' th€ Dean 6quare6 

fo! I|!+vr vas noD_Bl9n1!j.c.Dt (!>o'05) !o! rr Popul'tlon 

tndlc.ting th€ t.ck o! doDlnalc€ sh€r"E i! rr poPulation 

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aloDlnlnc6 typ. of g6n6 .ction !o! lhe lnh€llta'c' ot 

.hdeil ! q!!Ph b€tvaan Par'ntal tsan' (F) 

ltralght t€Er$.lon lln€ lndlcat" tblt In 

.llel.. for long6r ttaPl' lgnEut r€rs 

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l,6ngth ha.l been lspoltsd ln th' inv"tigtttoE o! Llort 

..tr scheenau4n (197a.), latth !! 4' (1975)r rxh{'lov 

(r9so), xhln e! d. (rgso'), P6rclv'l {1932)' trlrtr 6nd 

r(han (1e8,1), Khan e! d!. (19s?), ah'n e! nl' (1ee0) tld 

R6rurn e! !1. (199') h6nc' cotncldo tlth th' pt'B'nt 

llnattnq3. aor€v€!, v'rhal€n 'ntt rtulllv (1e5? 'Dd 1969)' 

l!2. .nd Khan (1974), Pathax (1975)' Kh'n e! !l' 

rlgsob), sirongulvtn tnil Bossaln (19s0)' btll e! d' 

(19ss), u.titd.ubov aDd Ali6v (1991) and Taltq e! rl' 

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lnqluiled verhalen and !iu!!ay (1e69) and siuoDqutyan and 

HoEsain (1e30). r66ea!ch tork€!6 obselv6d 

ove!-dobiEnce ae Dodsl of lDherit.nc€ for thla tlAit l! 

their expelhert. Iike Mirz. (19?4), xi!2a and &t.n 

(1974) r ratlh e! d. (1975), and Mhza rn.l xhan (1934). 

Baker and verhal€n (19?3) repolted corpl6te doitnance fo! 

albre Etrensth. rhe6e dtgcr6pancles in thd !.6u1t6 Dight 

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Gxtiu r6c6sslve al,1€Ioa fo! yield o! .eed @ttoD !€r 

p16nt. !1gu!€-12 Ehoe.d blgh nesattv6 coEelatlon (! ' - 

5272) b€tv..h ||!+V! rnd Ph6notyp6 of th. coNotr parenta, 

ftheEe !6Eu1t5 greatly collobolate rlth tha earllar 

reEedch llDiunq6 !€po!t.d et6erhels by vshalo gl Al. 

(197r), x!!za and xhan (197,1), Fatlh ql nf. (1975), 

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b.lns th€ c.s€. lt 

.ot P€nlt tor !u!tb6r !h1' 

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lo! lurth€! .n!Iy.it in tr (Trb16_1) lnd F (tar'1'_2) 

tFpul.tto, ta. @D!1n€d ltor tlgnltlcut {P

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111 

l! 

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t74 

progeniest lbe!€ ra6 thug no tndtcatlon o! any uatolnat 

€ffec! or ot Ind€€il .ny othe! delEltus lroD s1Dp16 

autogolal inh€.ltanc€, Ho{€ve!, th1. anal,ygi. revs.leal 

Ioe non-additiv. toelic vlfiatton fo! s..d IDd€x th F, 

the !6gro.rlon anaryr!6 o! ar (Table-5) ar

I r !r {o F t r 6 (l 

t 

175 

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rlgu!€-l3 deplcied varlance and cdvalllnce 

glaph and Ehou.d that !e9ra331o! Iin€ lntelcePt€d the tlr- 

.116 abov€ the orlginr h€ncs additlva tlt'h paltiar 

dorinane 94a actlon tas advocat€d. Nt-11-52-I h.d the 

!d1D6 nubs of doDh.Dt gene. b6lng naar66t to the 

oliqln, ,hir. Bllnco 3353 l,ogEassod hlqhe! nulbe! of 

racessiv€ Edes. I't!a ri!+vr and Patontal value qlapt! 9iv6D 

in F1gu€-l4 !ev6a16d that tost o! the dobtnant gen€s 

acttnq tn one d1lection and lece*lve 'IIeI€s 1n oPPosile 

Al-natl .nit (oh€l (1969), (han e! aI (1930b) ' 

btlf e! a.I. (19s4), Iallq e! d' (1e92) 'nd RehDan l! 

41. (1993) al6o founil Par€lal doEilalca lo! 66ed infl€x' 

fio{€ve!, overdoblnanca tvpe of 96nic contlol lor thi6 

palNBte! t.. !€polt€d itr th€ inv'Etigatlona o! r'6!o!t 

.ntl scheandi@n (19?ta)' slnEh (19So)' Percival (1932)' 

xhan q! aI. (1967) anil Rehlan sE r!' (1938)', rhlE 

contladictlon in !6sutts ilght be du€ to dlflefenl 

g4.t1c laterials tnv€6ttEat6d undc! dlffe!€nt 

envllodental conilition3' 

v.liance of s1 qenotvPes shovB'l 

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barl8 !o! furthe! !na1yE16 ot diaU€l techniq!€. 

th€ dtall€I aDaly6ls o! vallance given j,n 

labl6-3r lDdicated th.t.ll th6 thr6o itera (ba1€, f6bara 

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A thorouqh plobe Into Tabl6-35 initic.te

t 

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184 

2 

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a

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tE5 

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186 

a 

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0oog 

ot rt, 

.nE 

o..'t4 

a&t 

44 

a,ron 

o..o4 

6.a4 

o 

-o.oco4 

-otaat 

_O.oota 

t. 

a- 

s. 

rl 

crt - 135 

Lbq-&-6() 

BL@-3lFal 

llal - 76 

llF11-@-r 

.t 

h-o.cqdto.lll! 

(h 

., 

1a7 

.a 

1- 

6a- 

l!e. t5 

ft* tlb. fl.c 

rl 

ltit - 5 

16-aa 

eoll 

.t

.aE 

V{t +\h 

,alt 

9- 

lE 

tr€- !t 

A!{fVr" a!{5 tG llb. t!.fl 

cnt - 136 

slde3aloa| 

fr.aB - ?6 

xr,'11-8C-I 

4.-a.,gl 

(la tEAiLo) 

2. 

aca-9f- 

a-12 

rat-5 

ra-46 

I 

.e

189 

Bak6r and velhal.n (19?3) and xirzr .nd KMn (19?4) 

ob6.wed partial il@lnarce lor thla chalacte!. Thls 

dl6cr.panc1€6 in !e6u1t. riqht be .luB to dit!6ren! 

genetic ut€lhr8 abdi€d Md€! dj.ffdebt envlrolrrntil 

c. cf,tR.lctBa aBofINo llADaquact ot tDDltlv!-DoulNtl{ct 

XODAL 

A penssl o! th€ analysl6 glve! j,! T.ble-r aDd 

TabI6-2 indfcat€d that €lghty-one qshotypg. dlflered 

algnlllcantly {P

JJ 

lm 

I 

6r. 

R9

l9l 

f@al€ atiU shoe€al Eignt!1@ne (P

192

.]' 

t9J 

a 

E 

J

z a ta {6 u t ! o o 

t94 

I

195 

tbe t€Et6 invalidate the additlve-doblnancs Doatet. 

It G, ths€fole, no ch.nce to ge! clea! 

plctu!6 of iDhelltanc€ ol thi6 chafactg! 60 ttE !u!the! 

!na1ya1E va3 6top€il, 

Th€ 9!d1na!y aMrysla of v.rtanc€ of r, (Tab1e- 

1) and F, (Tabl6-2) Fhoved Eigrj.llcaDt (P

JJ 

196 

.:!

l9l 

rvldently, both .ilditlv€ anil non-.ildltlve typE 

v&tation sa3 ptes€ht for olr 96!certas€. 

Th6 e.rrlar sc1€ntist6 r*6 Jl and zhu (ress), 

share 9t rl. (193e), Danl (1ee0) and tranq.nd l,l (1ee1) 

r.veared both ldditive and non-aililitiv€ typ6 of v.llatlon 

I! thelr ut.!!a1 h6n@, corflms the pr6ent flndlhgs. 

lroreve!, l(oh6l, (1930) lepolted rctr-Elgnlflcant leaD 

6qu.!e lor m1e .nd f€late Intelaction. The @t*nal 

effecta fo! oit p.lcentaqe ead advocated by DaDi and 

th6 varuos of valiance6 (v!) and covarlaDceg 

fo! th€ nine .rraya of !, rera 91van tn T.ble-42 a.d of 

!r in Table-Aa. Ragrassion coefficlgnt (b = 0.7714 I 

0.1739) of Fr popqt.tioD vns found to be Elgnillcantly 

(ro.os) rtiff6!6nt !!o! oh6, th$ r6ndeling the aititltive- 

dorlnanca to b€ adequat€ (Tabl€-s). labr.-3 lndicatqd 

that r€g!e661on coefflclent (b = 0.5022 1 0.053) 

algniflcantly (P

l't!4.l 

!ii yiiliF 

33H sd:3sa 

ia; tilA[[ 

F9t !:':::-P 

g:u;qlEFA 

liiliBi=! 

3rr liliii 

se; ti;EIF 

198 

!i!oltt!oo 

f ?i3iE3, i 

Fi$iii 

f3B\i; 

2 

: 

tg 

t

.'.'? 

3 J 

P:l's 

33X$ 

l9 

'? 

668.

F I I ;* E; r' c 

,l ; E "g ! ? s , f 

s.'E.t ,l 

3I S$EJSS 

:"9i :-:::l':- 

3E;3SgS3. 

l" i' :" :- lj :, :" :- :! 

s!s e$;JSi 

;38 3i3JE3 

AJJ PJJg9P 

xn$ !isi!$ 

+ 

2m 

zl!hu!rE6d 

,l;Ecs"s,l 

3 

ig 

I

ml 

poput.llong b€cau66 !6!n 6q!a!eE bet oen alhys !o! t4!+v! 

ta6 a1gn1l16ht (P

F 

? 

5 

t 

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F 

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98 r 

9Bt 

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203 

a 

I 

ii iilElr iiiill iltEiF ii ;! iiliii iiliri 

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€ 5 "?; 

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2U 

g{ Fiiiii iliti:6n{ !ilEll tiig;i 

il iFli:i iEli;i i I si!;$ !Ei!:H 

et:tgeE":aE*i": r n9;;* ?8Fr" 

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poPuratiors rele lhtit due !o f.1lq!6 o! as6uDptloDd 

te6ta. Th. ganatlc palarsler. lor the chalacte!. shorod 

Paltla1 ad€quacy of Dodel is l€aE !€liabfe than coDplate 

adequate dod€l (verhalen e! sI., r,971). Tha geatic 

P.rau.ler6 a!6 a5 uniter. 

m5 

gallttctlca aaornrc corllll! lDEQmcf ol lDorttw- 

DOI'DIN'CA IODAL 

The cobponent of variation due to ailititlve 

€ffectE of sdas (D) hav6 poslttvd value !o! .l1 tbe flve 

chalaclerE of P, (Tabt€-46) and F, (Table-{t) ahovlDg 

corpl.te adequaDcy o! iodel inaticat6d tho ple6erce of 

g€netlc vartatlon aDong ths parert6. ItE slqnlllcance 

(P

i5l.! ?: 

:illE :i 

' at6g :5 

,l ; lI 

il Iil 

al

aIL 

.l 

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c6!r.Iatlo. @€rti'l.nt 

an 

.t 6rr.{!t ot t€r 

b '.rtt.r!.. 

ciffmr 

tr goerrlo @rtr.try. tl rt. 

rldbg sDt.b .d{uq .a dditr'.- 

itr r. .qurl ro tr!@t.! dlvrd.d by It. .r.nds..t dro!, 'nlch It t..t.d :o.h.t 

t-2 .t!gn. ot llada,

.208 

me coiponent tlu€ to tloDinant eflect of genes 

(Hr) t36 sigDtficant fo! aII th6 fivs parab6t6B, hance 

thdic.tlnq th. lDportancg of non-.ddittve 96n6tic e!f€cts 

uhlch saE due to doDLnance valilrlon !o! the6e 

Th€ genauc cotrponot of varj.ation (Ht dlue to 

26 

rece6atv. allelei. F va8 Bl,gnificant lor !Ib!:e st!6n9tb 

and 1t. n€gatlva valu6 lndtcat€d that plr.nts had exc.s. 

of !€c.E.Ive 96n€s fo! !lb!e 6t!€n9th (T.ble-4?). 

Tne !r vllue calculated fo! th.a€ rlve tralt. 

shorlng coDplete ailequlcy of additlv€-itoDinahc€ rod6t 

re!6 gLv6n in Table-43 lniucated thrt N!-11-52-I lor 

nbb€! ol bolls per pllnt, s-12 for llDt pelcentas€ an

210 

R 

t? 

a^ 

r8 

€ 

z 

E 

: 

i.'. 

l! 

i; rl 

:-a 5 

i 

F

2\l 

phenotlrpic E Arasslon of nuDb€r of bol1s pe! Fr.nt, tlnt 

p€rc6hta9€, lint ind6x, Et.Fl€ l€nglh anil f1b!6 strength. 

ma latlo sIlD Eeasure€ th€ Dean de9r6e ot doblnanca 

ovea arl 1oc1. Its vllue ras g!6ater than one !o! nu!b{ 

of boll6 pe! plant, IiDt Indd and 6tapl,6 rensrth h€nce 

sugg€atlng th6 ov€ldolin.nc€ typa o! E6n€ aclloD fo! 

those tt6lts.nit these result8 re!€ in accolilaDce vith 

th€t! q-.phic lesults oblaile

2t2 

aDil p61tiv€ a11ele6 shovlhq dorinance fo! nuebe! of 

bo1l6 p.! praht aDd staple l.hqth rar€ obvlous tro! 

at€vlltio. of Hrl,tH, ratio lrou 0.25. 

Th. ploprtlon ol dobtnanl lnal r6c6sglv€ g€n€E 

(4Dll,)u + !/(rD8r)d - F v.s gr€.te! than one for h@ber 

of boll,. pe! plaht and liDt lnd.x, trance lDiticalatl 

doDlnant geDo8 r6ra greate! th6n !6c€sE1v6 geneEr foi 

tbase traltd. Horev€lt for llnt pdc6ntag6r 6tapl€ leDgth 

and fib!€ stlsngth r€ceEglve arl€r€3 re!6 .xeassiv€ th6n 

doilhnt, Thls latio .l3o auggeEt thlt to! ev€ry 

leceEEiv. gen€ aff6cting nueber of boUE pe! plant and 

lint iit€x th€!€ tere aluo6t €ro itoninant frctols. llhar€as 

to! tint percentago, staple length aDtMbie.trength 

thele saa only one dobi nt gen. fo! €ach !€cessiv€ gen€. 

m6 corr€l.tiona coef!ici6nts botreen $!rv! lnd 

parental. valu6 aP) vd6 slqnlllcant (r

213 

pe! plant h6nc€ r€cessive g.nes ,.!e r.gponelble lor 

tncleaslnq the nuri.b6! o! bollE pe! plan!. Th6 negatlv6 

co!!6lat1on fo! 1lnt percantasa rhich las non-s1gni!1c.Dt 

and 6ball6! eho,e.l that .qua1 plopolt1oh o! th. alollnaht 

and !.c666iv6 qeDe6 1Dvol,v6d fo! inclea8lng aDd 

d6cr6a€inq lint percentaEe. 

rh€ hlghs! na!!d 6snre helltabj,Iity lor llnt 

p6rcentaE. and ltnt lndex lndic.ted graatar cortributloD 

of addltlva qBnatic valhDce hence €alecllon baseil on 

indlvidual plant rlll gave b6tte! results for th66€ 

parrbet€!6. Ih€ roderate h€ritablllty for 

nunb6! o! boll€ p.r pl.D€. atapl€ lenEth and flbr€ 

st!6nqtrt tndic.teil that the6e charactdE till Dot qlve 

bett€! !.Epo!.6 to dlract golsctlon because It c&not 

!.t.ln .fter 6ub5€qu€nt lnb!€€ding. 

cla&acrERa a8osr!6 Dllrrr! lDlQolcl ot lDDttlvl- 

ln6 cobpoD€nt a.a1y€15 91v€D tn Tabl.-48a shored 

that addltive genetlc 6llect lD) ,6!e pr€doulEnt !o! 

6eoit irdox, rh6!e doilnant 9e€t1c €llect (Ir, anit &) v€re 

irpoltaDt lor yleld of E66d cotton per plant rnd flble 

flnoesa. Cood respoEe to selection sas n6ve! Bxp€ct€d 

for seeal inatax tn salIy genelltlon, bacaus€ bleadlnt 

hohorygoua 1ine6 thlouqh conEntional techniqu.. eoulil

flal ll 

E ":3 

Tt R eb 

. 1; 

He 3 

gl 

tl 

9l 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I I 

I 

ttb 

flfl 

214 

sls 

"9!3!i-r 

hx:b;e 

!!!lir 

uE-8!lEts 

:::e::: 

3;-93;: 

;$8iE€ 

si 

dEHEs:i 

"iqEi:q 

b!iii:3F 

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61 

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215 

6n6u!€ only explolt.tloD o! addltlv. v.!1anc€. H4ev6r, 

thele Ey b€ 1itt16 lespons6 to Eelection j,n aarlt 

qddatlon fo! ylard pd punt and llbre !ino6aa. BuIk 

popuLatlon braeding could b. Eora apploprht€ !o! 

irplovlng yi€1il p6! pla.t rd flbre fln6nesr, hovev€!, 

p6altgr6e lethod Day b. 5ucc.6s!ul, 1. advance go€lation. 

Pdltlv6 qod .19.i!1c&t 

h.rltability su99.5tod tbat tbe leu itir€ctlon o! 

dollnant lncsaage to. yt6td psr plani and se€at ind€x 1n 

the PtBa6nt ret of paientg. 

!. 66ttut€ glven in rabl€-r8b coofliled thG 

fj,ndlng. of graPhic ana1yEt6. For vleld pe! Plant and 

s6eit i.itq. Na-11-62-l anil fo! l1b!€ fin.neE6 s_12 '.d trsaa 

possesseil llnisub nuhbq! of recasalv6 all6let for 

thei! !.6p6ctlvB traitg. rahlle AET-5 for vl€1il D6! pldt, 

BL4@ 3353 fot sced 1nd6x .nd NI'11-62-I fo! lib!€ 

t1n6ne66 clrt]€d Dt.IDw nutbe! o! doDhaDt aU€Iea for 

thelr r€sp€cllvo Plralet€rs. 

th€ cotponent ! lniticat€d that envtloMeDt plrv 

an ilpoltsDt role ln the ph6Doqt,lc €xPreaBlon o! vi€ld 

p6! pl.nt lhd 66ed lDdex, rhtle ltbre tlnen.aB ua3 'ot 

inf Luenced by enviloNent.

216 

oa t@trr.. t.r t!. tnr. .rdtls Fltl.r ..bqu.r of

2t7 

Ih€ alegle€ o! doDinance !€v.aled oveidoElnanc€ 

fo! yi€1d of s6€d cottoD pq pI.Dt.nd flbra !1D€DeEs, 

rh€r€as tErtl.I ilollnahco ras .ilvocat€il for Eeed iDdex. 

Th.6e r.aults collobolat€ rj,th the gllphic liDauDga. 

lh€ dlstllbutlon of poEltlvg and n6gatlva 

.rbles *as not vall b.Ianc€d for fibra fin€naEE .t 

c2l1fi1 ileviate !.o! 0,25, nor6v.r, gyeetry of locl ,r. 

!€ve.led lor yteld p6r planr .nd 6€6d ind6x. 

The latio (4DHr)0r + F / (4DI{)0r - ! 6uggeet6d 

exc65E o! ddhant !11€]66 for 6soil 1nal6x and llbre 

flneness in th6 par€nts. llor€v6r. !6ce661vs alleles tor 

yi€lil ot aeed cotton F€r plant csle Dole flequetr! ln th€ 

Tha cottalatioD coafflciant. bet €6n th. old€r 

of dol1nanc6 of paraats .nd D$entlf EA.u{.Dt ra. 

slgnlftc.nt .nil negative fo! yl6ld of s6.d cotto! p.r 

pl.nt, rppat4tly h19h yj,eld of .Bed cotton per plant $3 

iloElDant over 1or yi€rd of Beed cotton pe! pl,aDt. 

Ho{ever, lo, .nd non-Eiqnlficant collelatlon value fo! 

s6.d lnd€r a2nd f1b!e llnanss rev6al6d that nelth€r 

donlnant no! th€ rece6slve geleB axclusivoly dat6nln. 

th€ high expression of s6.d index anil libre fineneE€.

218 

Ihe slgliflcance of aililitiv€ gen6tic €lfect sag 

al6o obviouE tn the high h.llt.bllity fo! 

E.6d 1n

219 

coDpoDants initi€tsd that additlvB qenettc v.!lanc. uas 

DoD-signlflcant fo! Btapl€ lenqth, yl,.ld of a€ed cotton 

.Dit !ib!e fln.n.ss, heice 1t i6 ausse6teil that 6electlon 

for th€6e cttaractera bay b6 d€1ay6d to ra&! g€nelat1on. 

Po6tttv6 uat n69!tlv€ lllel.s e.ra E!@e!lc.IIy 

ilbtllbuted lor 11nt p6rcotage, llnt 1nd6xr flbre 

atlength, y161d of .6ed cotto! ps! plant and a.ed 1nd€r. 

The proPolt1on of doliFnt genea lor nube! o! borrs De! 

p1att, lint lndex. 8e.d lDdex anit llbre llnoress us!€ 

gleate! than i! th6 parenls. rpp.raDtly high exp!e661on 

o! lint 1nd6x, gtaple length, fibla slreDgth and yielil o! 

aeed @tton F€r pl..t ra6 uDde! the contlol o! doDlnant 

geDe6, howev6r, !€c.Esive 9en6s u€!6 lsaponslble fo! th6 

lncels. of nbb€! of boUs p€. plant. 

c. cotatrlro taMrY rrnltara 

Bund!€dg o! uail€ every year to 

€volve genotype6 rlth de6ilable coDblna!1oE of t!.1t6 

llke bloloqic:lly Euperlor, aqlonoDic.lly ail.pliv€ .Dil 

phy6loroElcllIy €f!lcient q{otypeE. nany c@qrclal 

cu1t1v.!6 dospite ol lhelr high.qrondic p6!!oe!ncer 

colDin. very Foolly rhen uE€d aE p!!ert. Tha knovlealge of 

colbinlrq abllltiea o! th6 pa!6nt6 pr.y a key 1016 fo! 

evotviDg deslrod E6notyp$ thlough explottlng exlEtlng 

geDe actio! ln the populatlon. coiblninq .btlity lnalysiE 

provid€. lnforD.hton on g€n.tlc vorth ol the p*6nt. and

220 

batur€ of g6n6tlc varlabll,ity in F, E6n€!atio.. Equippsd 

,lth 6uch lnlotutlon br6€dd Eelect bette! p.rentE fo! 

hybrlilizatlon and ailapt .pp!op!l.!. b!€edlnE 6chene to 

handlB ellt. crosses lnil selectlon in .ucc€edlnq 

seEregatiDg g.relatioE. lbe obj€ct1v4 o! ples€nt 

lnv.atlqatlon ,.s 66t out to fulnlgh info!tr.t1on on 

coEbhhg abj,Ilty in UplAn

DI 

coDbinlng ablrtty esti&at.s a6 propos6d by splagle aDil 

Iatu (19212) anil reclpro@l ef!6ctE accordhq to 

D€thoflology gtven by Gllffing (1956). The g€ner.l 

coDbinlng ability 6stlDt66 fo! ten betrlc tlalt6 hav. 

b6.n 9iv6n 1n rabl€-51, epee1fic coEb1h1.9 abiUty 

€Etl!.t€a havs b66n qj,v.n ln Tablo6-s2 to 55 and 

raclprocAl ef!.cr6 hava b6.n given ln lable. 57 to 61, 

eh€raas coDpoD6Dt6 lo! g.relal ald Bpecltj.c cohbtnlng 

abllity lnd thelr !€ciprocal 6ltect. and Dean .qua!€a 

,€!€ pr6a6nted ln lable-5o :nd ,r9, !6sp6ctive1y. rh6s. 

a!€ !e1at1ve 4tiDat.6 asslqneal to tha Farahts lccold1ng 

to thej,! .rray pelaotuncg i! hybrid cobblnrtlonB, 

The !6sul,t. pre6€nt6d tn T!bte-a9 irdlcated 

that tbe !€aD squares lor g€n€.al co&bhlng lbiuty ter6 

htghlt glEDtftcht (E

tc 

5t 

222 

I 

e 

: 

I 

g 

irt 

P 

3 

6 

I 

: 

ct 

x! 

;! 

93 

i: 

fi 

IF 

tt 

Bl. 

g{ 

!: 

3! 

3 

t! 

, 

I

5 

22) 

3 

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x 

3 

3 

P 

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P 

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56 

9! 

a4 

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225 

Table-so .eveal,s the €stiE.t6s ot cdponot6 of 

v.rlation @lputqil fo. .11 tlalts tn t.ns ol p6!c6ntase. 

Th. pelc€ntago ol tneE6 coDponents 1n totll va!1.nc6 stve 

tn. tat€a o! !.1at1ve lbportabce o! *lilitlv€ lDit .o!tddltlve 

effectE of sene. tblt contlol tba ph6notyplc 

€tP!..61,on o! thage palaretels. th€ varianc€ du6 to 

96n.!rl @lbhtng abtllty .flects rda hportant tor rtnt 

p€lcentage (tsl), Ee.d 1nd€x (37:), llnt ind€x (36 *), 

Etlple Iansth (24 t), !lb!€ Eclength (56 t) aDd oil 

pe!c.nta!,e (73 l). Th€ hlqh Dgn1tuat. o! coliEnent o! 

va!1.nce due to goerat colbj,nlnE .bittty €llects 

r6v..r6d pledollnahce of lddltlv€ qeD€ .ction lor rh6se 

Th€ae lesuttE lnco!!obo!.t€5 vth 6.r1ier 

llndinqs publlahed 61sesh6!s by ltlll€! and talanl (1953) r 

raltlt. (1965), al-&ll ahd tttl€r (1971) . l\bo-El-z.h.b and 

abd-Arl. (1972) , lr€ledtth lnd Briitg. (1972), crit gl el. 

(1974), El-Fas.r e! al. (19?4), Lelolt anal schrasitila! 

(rg?ab), Ba*.! rnd vshlt d (1975), B!ry e! !I. {19?!), 

rnn65 el rf. (r9?5). stngh el d. (1975), curu!.J. Rao s! 

qI. (1977)r EI-Adr ql d, (1e73), a.bo-El-2.h!b ud 

r{stealy {1979), RakbDanov e! 4!. (1979), rallson and 

c€olge (1930)i slDgh anrt slngh (1931), Khan t! aL. 

{rsa2).51nsh (1e42), tu!.n (1s€2), Abo-El-zah.b (1933), 

Gu!5c lll r]t. (res3), 6irva .nd .1v€. (1e33), rur.tov lnd

226 

cubanova (1985). 8.!5ar e! 4I. (19s6), n€hr! 4 Al. 

(193?)t alngh e! d. {193?), Danl (1939), NadlaJan aDil 

Ranql6aDy (1990), 5in9h e! al. (1990), Hu.Eain ud Khan 

(1991), (han el al. (1991 r t b), nang Anft Pan (1991), 

Azh.r and *ba! (1992), .Dd Alrlb& el !.L. (1993) sho 

reported thrt tlro bgrirud6 of varianc. due to ccA 6. 

Duch hlgh€! than scA vAli.uce Ehoel,ng ther€by tha 

.ilitltlve ttDo of g.na actlon b€1ng Invotved tor th.3. 

t!alt.. Hor6v.rr r6s€alch ,o!k€!s l1k€ Raalvan anal Abo-alzahsb 

{1e7a), Gunraja ILo (19?5), $IlsoD anil xil6o! 

(1e75)t sokolova !! rl. (1932), Ahua

m 

(19?'l), xua! qg rl. (1974), Radsan antl abo-Bl-zahab 

(1974), Bakd and velhal€D (1975), Path.k .Dil x!!ar 

(1975) t lGnoply! and Fusov (19?6), sihqh g! tl. (1976) , 

abo-Bl-z.hab and M6tr.1y (1979) i D€€aj, (1980), (olt6 aDil 

taolbre (1930), Alo-Et-zahlb (1933), )}liatt tl4I. {1933), 

Azh.r el rI. (1943) Rlu6htk gl ql. (1934), xaksudov 

(1935), J.gtap (1e35), sa!s.! sl Al. (1e36), chAloo! ADil 

xh.n (1987), x€hta !l e!. {1937) , (alsy anil carg (1933) , 

slngh gg d. (1933) , l(hd And chri@r (1991), satiyakubov 

and !11€v (1991) and Arhar and RaE (1993) sho lepolted 

non-liialitlve (ilollnanc€ ud.pist.ai6 tlDe of gene 

actton) govelnlng th€6e trai,ts. Hoveva, .ililitlv€ t!?6 o! 

9an6 actlon lor th46 t!.tts ras .dvocrt€it by araDi 

(1964), Slngb od Cupt. (1970), ll-Mt. anil Xiller 

(19?r), lt€leauth ar*l Brldse (19?2), chrDaEa!.lbl aril 

lteDon (19?3) . P.til, (19?3), cad 9t EL, (197a) , ktort $d 

schrendllu ql4l. (197{b), obra! el !'I. (197r)t Im63 el 

d. (re75), llson and trllsoD (19?5), l1-Adl el d. 

(19?6), 61ngh (1930), Tder el 4!. (1930), trilaon lnd 

Georg€ (1930), Bbat.de (1931), shek!:y gl d. (1931), 

aingh and singh (1931), slngh gl aL. (1982!). 6Uv. rnd 

^lv€E (1933)i Ranilh.sa e! al. (1936), lladr.J.. and 

IrangasaDy (1e90), H$5atn and xhan (19s1), (hah e! !f, 

(199I aeb), vrang anil Pan (1991), Azhll and ALba! (1992) 

du6 to thelr hlqher pdcdtage ol ea va!1.ne tlran scA. 

Tha dlsqepaDcy lroD lhe !1ndins6 of .arl,l.r 6clsrtlsta

z2a 

llEht ba ttu€ ilifl6!€Dt b!6€diD9 D.tsialr utulzed under 

dtf f araDt ecologlcal con

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ara r.latlv6 6Etlrat.6, h6nce they e6!€ v€ly poo! 

c(ubin6r fo! nuDb.r of boffs !6! pllnt. stoDevllle-?3 r 

rnd AEtr-E.hoeed heqatfv€ s6n€!al, colblning abillty 

.!fect. fo! n!!bq of boII6 p€i p16nt, 

$s-aa ra. at the top ih genelrl coDbj,ntng abillty 

estlrat€a ior boll eeighl rhlch r.s loll@ed h!| NtAl-?6. 

Th€ ro.t of tha ..ven Eenotypea had n€Eattv€ qens!.I 

corbirlDg ablllty e!f6ct6 fo! boU velEht and cr!{-135 

g.ve the pooleEt p6!!o!mnce 1n t.b6 o! sene!.I 

coblnlnq abtllty .stilate6. 

tb6 9enotyp6 s-12 proved to be tho best E6n€!r1 

coDbiDa! for 11nt p6lcent.qe b.cause ol it. hlghoat value 

fo! gen€lat colblnj,ng abj,uty .ffectB. llor6ver. .u the 

othe! EenoqP.s qav€ legative qanqal coDblnirg Abili,ty 

6llect6 Ard Roba-B-5o tld thd, ra3 the poolest g4d.I 

In caa€ o! Eee

232 

genelaI cdbl.s for a€ad lnilea. 

th€ 1a!g6Et po8ltlve e!!6ct lo! ltnt irilsx ra. 

record.d by 5-:,2, fo1lor6tt by $s-aa? alAnco 3363 lnd 

stonevlll. 731N. oths! tlv€ pdenta pro

co.biDlDq .bluty €!!eqt 

corbiDlng .bMty 6!!ectg 

CII-1a5 ras also p@ltiv6 

Dooleat g4{al co.birer 

fouor€d by $s-aa. Th6 9ene!.1 

of !1b!6 at!.nsth fo! a-12 .nd 

but itr v€ry di!]l quantlty, The 

lor !Ibr. atrergth ras Rdb.-a- 

The i[rst, Ls-aa got fh.t Doaj,t1o. in go€!.I 

coDblnlng .b1u!y eBtlualas fo! olt perc€.t.g€ r.hlch vle 

lol1ou.d by s-12 anit N!AB-74. Ihe othe! Et* Pa!€nt6 

sh@eit Deg.tiv€ qoeral cobblnl,ng .bilily €f!€cts lor oil 

p€rc6ntage Dd atoh.vlll€ 73tN ras th. r@reEt gd€ral 

coDbtn.! fro! the. 

cultiva! clx-135 proveil to be good q4€!.r 

coEbin6r fo! yl€Id o! B€6d cotton p.! plant Alil .urb€r of 

botla E€! Pllnt, ,haleag t{s-33 ra. lnorn to b. the b.at 

9€ne!!1 coDbin€! lor borr roight, Ea.d Index, ataDla 

lotlsrth and oll percebtaE.. Llt6rt6., s-12 Eloved to be 

th6 b€6t gen6lal coiblner !o! !1b!€ linenodB, ud 

storevill€ 731N fo! fibr€ stlenqth, slDca hiqh q6n6ral 

corbl,nlng.bility €!tec! 16 r€1.teil to rdalltlve o! 

additlva x .dditlv€ j,ntelaction (GrltfinE, 1955; sEla$rot 

1956) and !€p!..eht. th€ !1xAb16 g6n6tlc coEpo!€Dt of 

vrrlatlon. lthe paronts cIH-135. I|6-gs .nd s-12 .PPear€d 

rorthy of .rproitatton lor !o3t of the tlaitg sder 

concldoratlon. Fu!tb.!, lt ia auqg€6t€d th.t t!..e

2.14 

p&6nts can b6 uaad a6 doaor lor 6pecMc chalactds ln 

hyblidtzatlon. ost of th€ €a!11€! Ecientlst6 llke uarlni 

(196.1) anil Patn.* and xua (1975) conclud€d that th€ 

b6st colblnihg palenta having hlgh Een€lat coD.bl,nhq 

ablUty ylalded the b€st hybrld coEblhations. 

aPlclttc cotrrNlto aaMllt E !Eg!a 

tte specific coribi.lDg abluty oltects lor 

tbllty 6i,x hybrld coDblnationB rith reqalil to loU 

nulbe!€ p.r plabt and yield of a66il cotton pe! plant r.rs 

qiv€n in TabI6-52. the upper dlagoral of tabl6-52 ca!ry 

th€ Epecllic colb1nihg .bility eatilateE fo! nuib€i of 

boUE per PIaDt and 1ov6! dtagonal cont.lned th. 6peclflc 

colblning .billty allects fo. ylaltl o! seetl cotton pqr 

tha upp6r dlagonal ol TabI€-52 rev6.Ied that 

hyblld coiblhltion NrAa-?a x Bl.rco 336! had the h1Eh66t 

P@1t1ve 6peclf1c coDbinlDg ablllty e6tlDales lor nurb€r 

o! bol16 p.r FIaDt, rhlch va6 lollded by ws-33 x R6ba-E- 

5Or Stonsvll]6 73rn x S-12 and NL-I1-62-I x Stonevllle 

731N. Slat..n out of thlrty 6ix c!os66! 6hor.al n6gatj,v. 

speclfic coDllnj,nE abillty ef!6cts !o! nulbe! o! bolla 

p6r Plabt and out of th€D.!osa NL-11-62-I x NIAB-73 h.d 

th€ lore6t value rnd hyb.ld NIAB-73 x stonevillg 731N .hd 

NL-11-52-I x Blanco 3363 haii al6o high !.gativ. .peclflc

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cobblnlng abll1ty effects. 

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A p€lu6ar of the lor€! dlaqonal of T.b1e-52 

lndlcated that the c!o66 coDblnatlon botcssn us-aa x 

neba-B-5o h.d tb6 qreatest podltlv6 EFdcllic cotblnlng 

abirlty (scA) efleci lor yi6ld of aeed cotto! pe! plaht 

rhich sa8 lollored by Ston€vilre 73!N x s-12, NraB_?8 x 

AE'l-5 and NIAA-78 x R€ba-B-5o. lift€en of the croEa€s had 

h€tatlve 6peci!lc coDblnlng abillty.ffscts fo! thlE 

ch$acter. tt|. poolest perfo6aDce ,as exhlblted by the 

cro66 NIAB-7a x Stonevill6 ?31N, 

Tho crosE co[biDation NL_11-52-r x n5_34 

p.oducad the DxlDu specilic coEbhlng abirltv ellact 

lor boU selqht thlch eaE foltou€d by s-12 x cl|{-135. Tite 

highelt negatlve EP€ciflc coDblning abllttv e!!.ct ras 

axhlblted !o! th. hyblld rs-as x Nris_?a and c1os6 to 

thls vas NL-I1-52-I x slonevlU. t31N (uPP€! diaEonal o! 

The baxiiub ssliEat66 ol sPeclflc colbtnlng 

6flect lor 1lnt p6lc€ntage vas observed in tho hvb!1d s_ 

12 x cIIi-135 lotlo{sd by NL_11-62-I x ns-aar NL_11_62-I 

r a-12 and R6ba-B-50 x S-12. tb€ cro66 N!-11-62_I x lrs-34 

a.d s-12 x cIu-135 also gave good sFecllic coEblnlDq 

ablllty !o! boll r€ight, t'!h. c!o6t ns_aa x Reb.-B_so

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lrhich eaE at the top fo! Epecltic cobbj,ntng.btltty 

.atlbteE of yi€lil of 66.d colton vaE th6 lorest bqlng 

h19h negative *ilEBt6 lor l,lnt p€lceDtag. (Iorar 

dl.goDat of Table-53). 

t1!e cllt1el €ullEtton of upps iuagonal o! 

labla-54 .evealad that lor 6.6d ind€x, the 1a!96st v.lu6 

ol spaclflc coDbinlng .bluty €ffectr vas acqui.eat by th. 

hybrlal al.nco 3363 x s-12 ,hlcb *a6 foUd€d by t{s-ss x 

Blanco 3353, r{S-aa x [IAB-?a .Dit s!orev1],I6 731N x al.Dco 

3363, lh6 cloEr codlnatlon trs-33 x atT-s had th€ 10v.st 

vllue of speclflc coDblnlng abUlty fo! Eeeit ln

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33 x Beba-B-5o ud trrAB-?a x Etdco 3!63 for l1n! hdex 

vhlch sa6 lov.r thd v6.t..t qo6s c@btDation. 

Tb€ uppd dlagon.l of Tabl€-55 rov€aleat that 

c!o6E r4s-aa r IEba-B-5o ,b1ch excel,lad au oths c!o...s 

ln apeclflc colblntng .bl1lty ellect3 lor yietd o! seeat 

cotton and th. lorost valu6 fo! 11nt p€lcentag. sls .t 

tha top fo! 6t.pl,. length h.vlbg ttte htgh6st poslrlve scA 

€llects anil lolloreit by closses Bta.co 3383 x lqr-s, S-12 

x cD{-135 and I{IAB-7S x A-12. Th€ ldest value ot sct 

.ar6cts fo! 8t.!le t.ngth v.r shoxh by th€ closs tur_l1_ 

sluari2lng th6 i€surt6 Elv.n th th6 lorer 

iuaEonal of !abl€-55, Aton6vlll6 73tN x CIlt-r3S ,horeat 

betts fo! iibr6 fin€h€s. b€iDg th. hlEh€t negartv€ 

6tBcilic co.blnlnq aliuty anrt fotldsd by Nt-r1-62-I r 

CIX-135 aDd ttliB-?3 x AET-5. Th€ Dlxiuu lo€ltlve 

ap€c1f1c colli,nlhs abllity .!f6cts fo! llbra tin6naE. ,.8 

.xhtblted bt NItB-7a x C1X-135 foUov.d Ut II-11-62-t t 

Aa!-5 and LL-11-52-t a stonevilte 731N, 

Th€ d.ta floD th€ upper dl.gona! of Tabls-56 

.€vealed that cobblDatloD batee4 NL-11-62-t r cllit-tl5 

D.!!on.al th. b..t .Dong 36 cro.sae lottor.at by ns-3a r

ss 

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stonavllle 731N, NL-1r-62-I x Ston€vill€ ?3rN asd I|IAB-?3 

r stoh.vlll€ ?lu{ fo! flbls 6t!.ngth rhue NL-1r-52-t x 

Ts-aa ocapi€il tho Lou€Et posttlon 1n thi,r r$pect. 

l!ble-55 Lor4 dlagonal thdlc6ted that c!oa. 

cdbi,D.tlon NL-11-52-r x trIAB-78 got llrst po.1tio. 1. 

Po6ittve €stlbata o! Epecl!lc coDblnlns .billty €ftactg 

to! oII Dercontaq. .nd it ras lollorad by aaT-5 x s-12 

and $s-aa x Bfanco 3363. Th€ high66t b!9nltud€ o! 

negatlve sp.ciflc coDbining ablllty etfdcts for olt 

pelcentrqa e.s €xhlblted by closE corbiD.tlon b6lra€n lfti- 

s@rtzing th6 !e6ult6 given ln Tablag 52 to 

55, ths hybrld NraB-?a x alanco 3363 €xltlblted lh6 

higheat .w6rlcal valua !o! 6peclflc c@binlng .billty 

.6tiratea fo! neba! of botl3 F6! plant, uhj,I. $s-ea x 

Reba-B-5o had groat6! Dg.ltuate lor yleld of 6€€il cotton 

$ai staple I.rylh. Th6 cro8. corbj,DatioD bat{€€D NIa-11- 

62-I r lls-aa yielil€ai 9r6!t€! biqnitud. oi 6pecillc 

colblnlhq ablllty astiu.t€6 fo! borr selght aral 1i,nt 

hdex. s-12 x crx-135 had done th6 best ln ca.6 or llnt 

pelcert.ge a&t Blanco 3363 x S-12 ploduc€d th€ hlgh6at 

6p6ctfic cobblnlng .bi11ty ef!6cts lor saoal indox. 

ston€vlll€ 731N x cln-135 {as at the top lor sp€cj,llc 

coDbldns ablrlty alfect6 of fibr. fineres€, 6i,t11a!l,y

IL-11-62-I x CII-135 lor 

1r-62-I x NIAB-?3 for oll 

Eup€llority .roDg thei! 

24 

lib!6 6trog!h. Th. hyblld NL- 

percant.ge hail r.fl6cted th61! 

r€specttv. sp€cM,c @rbltrlDq 

rabl€a 52 to 5s ltao r6v.ated th.t ttte sp€c1t1c 

coEblDlnq abillty 6!!ects re!6 th. h19h€.r in closB 

cobblmtloDs of Nl-1r-52-r x ns-aa, S-r2 x CIU-135 and 

Is-aa x R6ba-B-50 th ca66 o! borr r€lghti 11nt pelcotaqe 

.nd stapl€ tonEth chalacleB !€Ep€clivety. th€6e c!os6 

colbtnatlon€ ,€!6 obtained ln thos€ eha.acr.r6 rhe!. tbe 

bctte! g€nelaf co[bihd r.s us6d.s one o! the pa!6rt. 

rhtu eaa elnly itue to .ddltlve .nit .ilatitlv. x addttlv6 

8pi6ta.ia qqe .ctlon? rhlch is tlsble lrd tha.lore 

shpl. pedigte€ Dethoat c.. b€ u6ed. nhereas Ln all oth6! 

chd.ct.r. Etudleil the b€tt€r q4.s.t corblnlng pai.hr 

dld not produc6 bett6! specltlc c@blnlng ablllty 

€!!ect., 60 thB concluston o! thB p!€sent .tudy ls !ha! 

the par€.td ,tth bigh Een€la1 cdblrlng abltity .ff.ct 

atldl not n€ces6lr1ly ploducg hybrlil uith hlEh sp€cMc 

coublnlhg abillty, but corblnatloD o! the pBrenrE rlth 

Ior g€ndrl colblnj,ng abiuty Eu1ly produc. hybrtd lJlth 

b.tt€! .pacilj.c coebt.lng Abtrily . The concluElons a!. 

1n collobolat€ etth the reEadch llniiiDqg of xhar lnd 

Dhattl (1977) , xhih e! tI. (1930a) , xhan lnd xhln (:,935) t 

Ghafoo! and r(han (193?). tha croE. coEblDatlon of loe

u5 

9a*.1 cobblnlng lblllty p.!dt. to Floduce blgh 

speilic coDblnlhg lb1uty j,nvol,v6 corplox Inte! an

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11-62-I r Etoneville ?31Ni and NIAB-?a x Reba-B-so rhllo 

greatest n69atlve eft6ct v.. noticeil lD R€ba-a-so r cM- 

r35 (tor€! allaqohr o! rable-s?). 

r ditical ex.Dl.ation o! urp€! diagonll o! 

fable-5a 1nall€ted that th. colbldatlon Btanco 3363 x 

Reba-B-5o h.il the mxlnuD po€j,tiv6 loclprocal 6ffec! fo! 

boll volght folroveil by NL-1I-62-I x NIAB-78 and 

stonGvtll,€ 73rN x Bl.n.o 3!53. th6 rinlDu vafus o! 

!€ciproc.l .!!ect fo! boll v€ight raE €co!€at by NL-11-52- 

I a US-aA and its cloas valueE 9i,v6n by tlS-AS x AET-5, 

Nr,-11-52-I x Blanco 3363 lnd WS-33 x S-12. 

A thorouqh proba in the lorer iliagonal o! 

Tabfe-58 !€vealed tbat out of tblrty-Eix cro6a 

conbinationa 6ev6.teen €xhlbiteil poaltlve reclprocll 

allect fo! ltnt pelc6ntr9€ lnil Reba-a-so x C l-13! v.. 

tna b€st Pelforurc€ Bnd lollor€tt by NL-1:,-62-I I NIAE-7a 

and LL-11-52-1 x qS-Aa. th€ lroorest crGs coiblnatr,on h 

reepect ol raclplocal 6ll.ct6 fo! llht p6lcotage e.s 

ston.vlll6 t31N x s-1,2. 

Aa !€qarda th6 seed index, lt ua6 found that 

tlte c!o6. coDbln.tion bsteeeD NL-11-52-I x NIAB-78 had 

th6 haxiruD poEitlva reclplocar elfecC (upp€! auaqonal ot 

Tabl,a-59) lollored by alanco 3353 x s-12. The mrlb6

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n.gatlvo value ol lgclprocal 

stonevllle 731N x AEit-s, 

eff.ct eaa 6co!€d by 

rh€ lov6! dlagonal ot Tabl,e-59 lniucatoil thar 

{IAa-74 x s-12 hail the Dxiuu reclprocal e!!ect6 lor 

Itnt lndd lnd follored by $s-ss x Blanco 3363. 1b6 

hlgheat ne9atlv6 v.lue !o! leclFlocal eff6ct for lin! 

lndex ua6 notlcgd 1n ws-as r s-12. 

Ths regults in the uppe! iUagonal of Tabl€-5o 

lavaalad thlt Elxteen c!os666 arhlbltod posltlv€ 

reciprocal alfects fo! atlpl€ l6n9th anal stonevill.-73lN 

x Agf-s uaE .t th€ top folrov€d by US-Sa x Stonovllle 

731N. The €@1I€t valus o! reciplocal effacte tag o! tn. 

hybliil belv6€r Blanco 3363 x AEr-5. 

rh€ raciprocal elfectd fo! fible linen*a give! 

lD the lover tllagoml of Table-5o Ehor€d that Nl-tl-62-r 

x cnl-r35 had DxiDu leclplocal €ffect vhsreas AET-s x 

Reba-B-so sas at th€ botto! in !€spect o! leclploca1 

Th€ hyb!1it NL-lr-62-I x $s-aa 6hor6d th6 

highoEi estturates o! !€c1p!oca1 €lfects fo! !ibr6 

atlelgth vhlch ras closely folLoued by Reba-5o-B x s-12. 

lo! thi. t!a1t c!o.. Slon.vi,Il. 73IN x Reb.-B-so ea.

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ranked at tb. tDlloE (upp6! diasonal o! Tabr€ 6r). 

a a.i! nwb6! o! Degatlv€ !€clp!o61 e!!€c€s 

vera obselvsil associateil vllh tvsty-lou! closs€E !o! ttle 

tralt ol oj,I percdtag6. th€ ld9e6t poaltlvo b€inq th.t 

ot RBba-B-5o x s-12 to11ou6d by Blan@ 3353 x s-t2. whlle 

tha slaU€.t negattve reclplocal €tt.ct va6 found lor NL- 

1t-62-I x R6b!-B-50 (lov dlagonar o! t.bla 61). 

Fld the a6BuDption6 that atlifedcee l. 

gaDsal cobbintng ablllty lesuttgd pribarlly lroD 

alt!!*6nc6s ID the addltive E6n€ €tf€ctgt anat that ln 

6paci!1c coDblnlns .billty .nd r6clprocal €flectr rse 

atue to dllleroces iD non-.dditive gs6 elfects, 1t is 

cotcludad !!o! th6 findln96 that p.!.!ste!6 1lke l1nt 

p6rcentat6, 866(:l inir6x, llhr lnd€xt 6t!p1€ length, !tb!. 

at ength .nd oll pelc€nt.E6 rsr€ contlou€d by addltj,v. 

gens eflects eh[e no!-aaklitive g€D. efi6ctE r€le 

lDportant ror nulE! ol bolls Fe! pt.Dt, yleld or s66d 

cotton pe! llant, borl, v€1ght anil flb!. llnen€ss. tt 16, 

thqefolo, dslrabte to practico r€curront s€tection by 

hteletlng the bst dealrable s6qr6E!nt6, alteln.t€ly 

rrth Eelqction. !hi6 rould lead ro .n elavatior ot th. 

96hetic pt!t.!u by accuiulatlnt favoullble additlvo E.n.s 

and siDultsn.ou6rt exploltlng the non-lddltiv€ s€n€6.

254 

D. Ollarrc vllttlrLrrr. coRREIitIIox lltD prxa 

coEPrlctE{t rnrl|Itlt tI t: clltlRrrro! 

Xnorl€

255 

6v1il.nt flob high vatuos of qenotlt,ic ahat phenotyplc 

co.lficianta of v.rl,abllj,ty 6xc6pt fo! fibls 6t!6ngth, 

fl,n€ne68 lnd stapl,e tength. 

On th€ basis of th€ ralatlva Egritud€ of 

s€Dotl|Plc coefftcloDr ol variabtlity, 1t 1E obvlous !!oD 

tabl€-62 that nEb6! of bolts pa! plant pas at tha top 

and folldeal bt yleld ol 6eed cotton p6r pl.!t, llnt 

tnd6: anl tDl,l voisht. Th6 pre66Dce of Dodelat6 s€netlc 

valiabtlj.ty raE llilicat€d by saatt Inttex, oi1 p€lcentage 

an.l IiDt p.rc.ntage, uhtlo aib!6 llhdess, staple tenEth 

and strength oxhibitetl roe geDetic coefflcient o! 

vallgt1on. rhig uiqht b6 du€ to int€nBive e€lectlon 

Pr6a6ue tohldE the 66le.tid ol genotiDec fo! stroDq€!, 

fln€r and long6! at.ple cotton cultivarE. 

The value6 ot ph6not!'pic co6ffici6nt3 o! 

vallabllity rele hlgher rhan Eonoti'rrtc coelllclentE ot 

varlabUity for all th€ ten t!!1ts (t.b1e-62) rhlch 

indlcatgd that thBEe tra1t6 @y be 6as1ly lnfluencad by 

th€ €nvj,loMent. rha vatuos o! g.Dotyplc ard phqnotyplc 

va!1.nce !!ong dlffelent characterE langed f!o! 0.0226 

{f1b!6 fiDere66} to {27.495 (yi6ltr o! .6€d cotto!) anat 

o.0235 {!Ible flnanese) to 513.e52 (yie1d ot s6€d 

cotton), r.apecttv6ly.

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|{ith the gen6tlc coeflici6ht ol valiatj,oh 

.1on6, lt 1s dllticurt to asc€rtain anount o! rlglltnble 

vlliatlon p!e€e.t. Th€ haritable vartation clD b€ loulal 

sltn th€ h€lp ot h€ritab1l1ty couFf€d rj,th €xpectad 

genetlc adv!nc6. The broad aen6€ h€!1t.billty 

co€fflcl4ts (h: B,s.) rele hi9h6r fo! au th6 rralts 

und€! 6tudy and 6xcep! flbre finaD6E all e6!e 

Ettnlftcant. novsver, hlgb h€litablrity fo! nu!b* of 

bolls p€r plantr yl€ld o! se6d cotton per plantr llht 

index and boll reisht vas associated rlth hlgh Een.tlc 

advanc€ iDdlcatlnq that addltiva 96ne e!!ec!a r.!e 

lDpoltant 1n itet.!!inat1o. of theso trait6. H19h 

heritability fo! seed irdax and oil pelcontag. asEociarBd 

rlth Dod6!at6 gon€tlc advah@ 6hor€d tb€ lipoftrn@ o! 

botb .ililitlve anil noD-aakUtlvg (doli,nant and eP1.taE16) 

g.netlc etlectB. Hovever, fo! llnt p.rcentage. flb!6 

finen€86, Etlqgth and Et.pls lengtb, hlgh b6lttabt11ty 

rar coupled ritb loe qenstic advance, Indicatlng tbe 

j,Dlluenca of.tobinant anil 6pl6tat1c aaneB fo! th66. 

paleet€is. Non-.dtlltive (itorlnanco and ep16ta61s) 9en6 

elfect5 for abov€ traits rlght had !€sult€d fn the 

blasneaE o! the e€tibate6 o! broad 6enss heritabuity. 

The s.!1is! EcleDlists 11k6 r:athaPatl g! tl. 

(1973) and sinqb (1932) coDput6d higb genotttrlc and 

ph.notyplc coefflcl6nts ol vall.bi1lty for y1.Id ol eead

259 

cotlon pd plant .nd nsber ot boII. Pe! Plan!. Il19h 

holitabillty to! bolf vatght, flbre sttangth and lint 

perc€ntage ed advocated bv El-AdI 9! eI' (1973), 

DeEhpabde g! al. (1934), zhou (1936) and Lud

260 

lndicatlng that .sEoclation &ong thes. tralts va. 

Eenettcally tnhe!1ted. rh€ greate! value lor g6norrpic 

co!r61at1on coellicteDt thaD pheDotlpic ones, atso 

lndlcate th6 laEklng 6!!ects of 6nvi!onh€.t.. Though 

.Dviro'ent.l colaelatlon coelliclentE etlr no! be o! 

lucih uae but they s1I] Elve rn ld6a to vh.t €xt€nt th6 

tvo ch.ract.rs alo i!!lq4ce

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(1931) vho lepolt d hegatlv€ a5€@i.tlon b6tr6en nullta 

o! boll6 pe! plaht .nd boll, velqht, 

O' AOLIA PlT DIII'I rI'D Trtlt IERCETTTGI 

'I'TEEI 

tt 1s €vldent fro! Tabl._6a that E€notl'Plc 

cor.1alioD co€ffict6nt bstt66n nu!!€r of bo1l6 P€! plant 

anil llnt pdcerlag€ tas positiv6 and BlgnMc.nl, ,h.!eas 

phsotirpic and onvllonD€ntal co!!€latton co6!f1c16nts 

,e!€ po51t1ve lnd non-slqnillcanl. rhe posltlve 

corrBl.tion b6tee€! theEe tvo ttaltt vac also ob3aR'd bY 

xdon e! d!. (19s1) eh6reas Khan E! d. (1e30c) obEa'd 

n€qaltve corlelation betveen theg6 tiait6' The 

diff6!eDc66 in te6ults Eav be tccouDled fo! du€ to 

tli!!€lent qenotic et€rlalE and envirorDental !or' in the 

exp!€Eslon of thiF .6sociatlon. 

IUIIIT O' IOLLS PtN !Lr!|T TTD 6EED IIDEI 

Th. leEult6 praBented jD fabl€-63 Ehov'il that 

corlar.tions at g€notvpic anit Pherctvplc 1eve16, bero"n 

nuDbe! of bol,13 pe! Plant .nd 6eed indd rqa 6lgnlflcant 

anit neg.tlv€. Environlental correl'tIo^ va6 also ^qqallve 

but DeEligibly 6D!11. Kh.n r! tI' (1930c) lePolted the 

6lDlI& reBults, etrlle slngh e! d. (1973) and Kh'n 9! 

al. (1991b) e*e not ol the Bde oplnto!' Tltls 

colr.1ation of r*ul!5 right be due to dltf€lent blesiling 

E.te!lals us€d unild dl!fer€nt €nvirod€ntaI cohdltloG'

265 

Ilrylln or to!!a tER tatltt! alrD t/Im rNDEx 

Nube! of botls p€! p1!nt b6d .eqative 

qeFt!'pic, ph€Dtoyplc and €nviloDDentat assochrion wittj 

lint indox being algnlflcant at genotypic level onty 

(Table-53). uenon e! tl, (1931) lnferr€d po6lt1ve 

phenotlFic corr€Iatlon betreen th6s€ tlaltE rhich light 

be dua to th€ utiltzltion o! dlla€lent breedihE Daterlals 

anit agrocllrltic conditlons iD ,hich the thv..tlsatlong 

xDt@Bl ol toLLa rtR ltaNt! tID a!a!!l LlNo!f, 

A thorough plobe into Tabl€-63 tndlcated that 

nu!b6! of bolls p6! plant uas n69atlvely colr€Iated ulth 

€tapI€ lerqth at g€notyplc, phenott?ic alil envlloM€ntal 

leve1s and glgnlftcan! 6nly at s€notyplc l€val. lh€se 

lesulta aqraed elth th€ llndthEa of xhah eg d. (193oc) 

and r(h.n EIL rI. (r991b) Nho al6o !6por!ed slgnlflcant 

negatlve 6s.ociatlon b€tseer ths6e t o t!alt6. 

IOl.lat or Eoli'|a PEI Drirxr lnD rlErE FrlEtEaa 

Nurbe! o! botl6 pe! plant eas posittvely ln(:l 

non-slqni,!1cant1y coirelat€d vith f ib!€ f tnen6.s (Tab1e- 

53) .t ph€notypic, genotypic and €nvllonbencal levela.

xuxaaa or EoLLa pER ElAlt 'O tlBrr STAaNOIA 

A clItlcat !€v16w o! !6surtE proEentait ln 

Tabf.-53 rev6al€d Deg6tlv€ ElsnificaDt g€no€y!,lc and hon- 

61qmif1tut phenotyplc co!!61at1onE betrgd nulbo! o! 

18116 per pl,ant.na| b!€ 6tlenSr€b. Ths anvlroN.ntal 

co!!e1at1on bete66n tbsso tro ch.!.cters ra6 po51t1v. .nat 

tlttall o! aolrrs pBa tttt! t D orr, EaRcltlllAc! 

It iE 6vltl.nt !!ou Tabt6-63 that nulbar of 

bolla p€. plant ea. negativ.ly collelat.d Flth o1I 

Percentage at genotyplc! pb€nottpic and eDviloroDtll 

1€vel6. The 6i9blf i,cant Eonoryptc colletatlon coelllclsr 

lndlcat€d that the b69.tlva .ss4latloo oong !d€6a 

tralts ra6 senetl@Uy lnhslted. Al

267 

.6ns6 he!1lrblrity rall€ctEd tho iipoltanc. of E6netlc 

assoclation. Nlrber ol bolr. pe! plaht shoeed D€g.t1ve 

genotyplc .EEoclation rlth loEt of th€ p!!.batara, ,hich 

b19ht r6duc€ th€ €*tent ot lts posltlve a.Eociatlon {ith 

th6 yl€ld o! sa€tl cotton per plant. 8ou6var. EtlU high 

baqnttutle of genotypic co!!e1.tion @e!!1cl€nt susq€sted 

tha laDipulati,on of nuibsr o! bollE p6! plaht ln b!e6d1ng 

plosramee aiElng at h19he! yield of seed cotton, Many 

!€saarch rolka!€ lound Bllila! assoclallo! b€tresn thea€ 

tralts u6ing dlff€renr Mt€lhls unde! ilif!€!€nt 

environ@ntsr 6ore of t)r6b a!€ xa@laEthan (1e55), 

lhoDEon (1973), u.Ulapali e! tf. {19?3), n!1dia s! 41. 

(19?9). Nachnan! anil lblo (1930), sanyaEl (193I), al.gh 

g! !"I. (1931). Charna 6nd AhDd (1932), Khan (leBr), 

Azha! Et !f. (1934), Jagtap and Kol,he (1e34), Javali 

(193t), xhorgade and Ekbote (1e35), s.nglan aDd tadav. 

(1937) , l(han ql d. (19erb), Akht€! (1992) aDil Baloch qE 

!1. (1992). 

AOIL IBTGEI rID I1XT I'NCEI|IAGI 

A posltiva and non-Blgnlflcant relatlonship *!a 

obs6wed betveaD bolI *€lght and llnt PBlcentage !r 

genotypic, pb€.otyD1c and envllonbentat lavelE (Tab1e- 

53) , lhe ervilonD€ntal co!r614!lon co6!!ici4t t8 littls 

blt hlghe! than g€notyplc and pheDotl'Plc oDes. thich 

!€flectE tb6 inlluanco of €nvlloEsht iD !B.p6ct o! th.l!

2n8 

genotlc @ntEol. Th€66 stuitlea coDllneit th€ llndj.hgE o! 

schou and Hllt6r (1975) , ri1€or anat Ite (1976), Slngh et 

!:. (1979) aDd 6h1a and slngh (1933) rho !€polted 

pocltiva assoclatloh b€ts€€n boII vaiEht aDd Ilnt 

EOI,! EI6BI! ND AEID IIDEI 

It r.E obvlouE !ro! T!bl6-53 thlt boll eelqht 

.nil 6€ed Index e6r. poE1t1v6ly anil Elgnilicanlly 

co!!.l,at.d rlth each otbe! .t s€nott'plc and ph.notyi,ic 

lavals. The 6DviloM€nta1 correl.tion raE alEo p@itive 

but v.ry loe. TltolEon (1973), ril.on .nil l€€ (!9?6), 

suyaBl (1931), Soobro el !f. (!932) lnd Baloch t! al. 

(1992) also .g!€ed rlth tte p!e.4t !Indln96 du6 to 

corputatlon of positiva cor!6l.tj,ob betr€€n th€3. tto 

EOIL rtICEt AtD !!tt IIDII 

Ih6 g€notyllc? ph.notyplc a.d eDviromental 

cor!€lation coeflicigntg b€tc€en bou f€iqbt and Llnt 

1nd€! re!6 ln posltlve dl!€cllon .nd 61gnillcaDt al 

gsolyplc .nil phenotyplc l€v€l,s (Tab1€-63). llh€ 

€nvllonDont.f coelflcl6nt raa v€ly sDaII. sanyaal (193:,) 

.1$ .epo.tad th€ poEltlv. .$oct.tton batveoD th66e tro 

paraD€t€rs vhlch ras col.ciiled {ith tne pre.eDt .66.arch

269 

tot/iL falcE!! ttD a!l!!! l,rtrcla 

Boll r6i9ht s.. founal to b. poEltlvoly and 

.j,EDlftcantly !sg@1at6d elth Etapl6 l€Dgth at g.notllplc 

rtril pheDotyplc 1€v€rs (Tab1e-53), rh6!6a6 tha 

6nvlbN€nt.t ralationghlp betreen th46 tlaltr vAa al6o 

In th€ E&. aulectlon but hon-sltnMcant. T,b6 F!€ast 

a.5qLt€ agreoal vlth Khan !! !f, (1930c) rho also !.!ortad 

Po.ltlv€ aE6oclatio! b.ts€€n boU v€lght . l sr.pl. 

loltr rEr6t! ttD ttaRE rrrEl'laa 

Boll velght hld €xp!€s..

270 

96n.tic @tdl!l8 .nd th6 .gro-criiatlc conitition unde. 

shlch the ra.6arch solk was undeltak€n, 

EOLL |AIGA! TID OIL IERCIIITCI 

Bolt v€Iqht rBcorded poEllLva and .1EnMcant 

.s6octation llth o11 pgrcsntaqe at E6notl|!)lc at ell a3 

phanotlt tc l6vers (rab16-53). rh€ high 6lgnllicant 

helltability €EthateE !o! these tlalt3 provld6d enougb 

suppolt lo! th61! ilprov.nent tn tho b!.ealilg P!og!.ua' 

AU the corr€I.tioE (g€notyplc, ph.not'llc and 

€nviloMertll) rele actlns In the sa@ dt!€ct1on. ThEe 

conctudion6 .!€ lD gleat confollity rltb thos6 ol l.khte! 

d 9I. (1ee2). 

EOLi tErCXr tSD tt!!D Ot a!!D COrrOtl llR llaIll! 

Th6 reEults d€plcte

271 

aro6e du€ to diffelont gsnetic Datell.lE .Dd the ag!oclirato 

unde! uhlch th6 r€aealch vort e.E don€. 

I,T}T DE''CIITTOE rID A!!D IIDEI 

Both th6 t!.lts ee!6 non-a19nMcantry lnd 

neqatlvBly collelatsd rt genotypic, phBDot!.pic anil 

envlloe.ntal f€v€18. th€ iagnltud6 o! E.notlt ic ahd 

ph€nottDic colleratlon co€fflclentE ,.a albosl €qual 

(1abl,a-63). xeDoD e! d,. (1931) hail lepotted negative 

a€$c1.t1o. batuen th€a€ trgltE. hoce co.!1Eed ples€nt 

findlngd, ehiro stnsh sL al. (19?3) .nd rli16on aDd L6e 

(19?6) s6r. not of th6 a.D6 optntoD about r€Boclatton ol 

these tralta. This dlffe!€nce i! !e6ul,t8 @y be a@outed 

fot du6 to dlllqeDt gset1c DtelialE and €nvitoNentat 

rols In the 6xpr€s€ion o! .s6ociation. 

tltr liiclt|]Irsa rD l/tl|l! tNDlx 

slgnifi@nt pGltlve gehotiDl,c, phenotyplc and 

eDviroN.ntal lglatioEhlps r€la obs6fl6d bctreo llbt 

pelcent.g€ .nd tlnt lDd6x (Table-63). Th6 6ignlficant 

envhonDental coAfficlent lndlcat€d th6 envilom€ntal 

caus€s.nhahclns the bagDltuda o! senetlc co€fficient, 

Tha 1016 of €nvilomont i! the asaoc!.ti,on of the.s 

tralts 1a .160 obvioua f!o! llttle bit hlEh€! @gnltud. 

ot phenotyplc coralatlon coefficlent tn$ genotyplc on6. 

Thes. r6aultE aE lavoulsil by lvoodvard antl i{.tr (1975),

n2 

neuon elL al. (1931) and sanyasi (1e31) eho repo4€d 

Fo6ttiv6 associatloD bstv6sD ltnt parcentas€ and lint 

I,III PEICEIIIGE II|[D A1IIDB ITEXGIE 

snd* the lllj,te of this expdlrenli tt ,ag 

concluited that irc!€a66 ln l1nt p€lc€ntag€ vould caus6 

d6creaEe ln 6tapl6 l€ngth as ttle6e t o chalacte!8 ,€!€ 

nagatively and Elghtftcantly collalatad at sanotyplc 

l6vel. cenotyplc and Db€hotyplc corrala€ion co€iilcl€ntr 

,e!€ a15o equal, ln Eagnltu

nl 

LITA PBRCII|IIGI IND IIIRB AlnlNolIB 

PhonotrDlc and envlroDental co!!e1at1o. 

co€fflci€ntg r€!6 Don-B j.gnif lcant rhlle Elgnlfj,cBnt 

qenott'pic rsBoci.tion ras lound betre€n lint pglcstas€ 

and rlb!6 stlength (Iabr6-53). AMough the 6nv1loe6ntal 

colr.Iation ra6 non-signllicdt but tt ua6 hlghe! th.n 

geDolyptc and ph€nolypj.c cor!€lation, h6nca ahvtronD6nt 

play an lDportant lol€ for siqrilicant aro6e o! genotyPlc 

colr€lltion, henc6 this slEnlficant g€notypic collelatlon 

i3 nol lelalble lor slDultaDaous 6e1ectlon of ltnt 

p6lc6ntags !n.t libre EtranEth. seli! El aI. (1973) also 

fo6d posltive correlatton betveeD th.6e tllitE vbl]€ 

xal{ar and shahanl (1931) nollceil nEq.tlve .aaociatlon 

Irltt tERcE!:! oa tlD orl, PEncExt GE 

Th€ collelatlon studl€s levealod that 

glgniaicant poEitlvs relttlonshlP dtsted b€&eeD ltnt 

p€!c6nta96 .nd o11 p6rcent!96 at geno€yPlc .nd phenotyPlc 

Iev.Is . Tba €nviloEenta I .o!!€l.tlon r.. eEl l , h€96t1v6 

ahd non-619n1!icant, henc€ lndlcating the ibpolldc€ ot 

gs.ttc causes lor the .66ociatlon of the6e trlo tlrttE

274 

tll|! PltCBUrtgE ttD ttatD ot atrD collot PBt ll.lll! 

a tholough probs into Tabl6-53 indic.ted that 

lint percentag€ ra. 6igrMcantly .nil po6ltively 

co!!€lat€d vi.th yletd of 6eeal cotton F6r pl,Alt 

qgnott|plcalry .6 serl .3 ph€notyplcall,y. Biqh .nd 

Eigntflcant bload Bens. helltablUty rafl€cted tne 

i&poltanc6 of genetlc associatior, anit a16o !cv6a1ed tha€ 

€iDu1tln6ous hploveient of the6e tuo tlalt3 through 

66lsc!io! o. phenotypic basis. ah€ results o! prasent 

stuily got suppolt by th6 €a!116! !66uItE of ch!16tldiE 

ed tlali16on (:,955). XaDalanathan (!9?6), vrooltearil .nd 

lralr (1976), Baluch e! al. (r9?9), sanv..i (1931) and 

lzh!! e! 9L. 119e4). Hor€ve!, leEults of xban gl d. 

(1935) .apo.t6d negativ€ aaaociatlon betqean thsae 

charactels on g€notyplc anit ph6notyplc l6vel6, rhich iav 

be due to dllleleDt genetic eteilals used .nd the 

ilillsdt envlro@nta1 condltions unde. tblch the 

erp€rib6nt5 N€le cohduct6d. 

AEED TIOIX lrID I,IllI INDII 

a clltlcal !evl6{ o! !€Eults Ples€nted 1n 

Tsbl,e-63 r€!6aled that g€notyp1c, PheDotYElc lnd 

envlloM€ntar co!!€tatloD coef f lcients barvee!.6ed index 

an

n5 

t}le bleeding ploglaue. Tbe lesu1tE of p.es€Dt 6tualy 

coinclded ,lth tha flldinga o! scholl and uille! (1976), 

a$ilar e! al. (1930),Khorhabv el4I. {19e0) atrd KhaD e! 

9I. (199rb) rho raporred poritiv€ lelatlonshlp bat een 

thes€ tto paranatela. 

.IED I{DEI TND 

ssoil lndox and staplo length,e!e pGitlve1y 

and 6lgDiflcantly cor!€rated vllh each oth6r at both 

96not!,plc .hd ph6hot!?ic re!616. Th€ envlloMental 

collslation va6 1n th6 3ane direction but lou and Don- 

.Ignlllcant rhich lndlcat€d that as.oclatlon batt.€n 

thes6 p.!an6te!6 v!6 independent of aDvlronn6nt (Table- 

63). Ihe6e lo5ults substAntiat€d th€ flnatlng. of KY€1 

(1e66), uoodrud and nah (1975) , Ialch.nd el AI. (19?3) , 

xnan e! al, (1930c) and Kha! e! !1. (1991b), 

IEED ITDAI IID IIAf,A IIiIANEAA 

fl eak negative non-Eignlf icanc agsoctatlon saE 

obsdv€d b€tr€€n r€ed Index anai flb!€ tt!€nass at 

E.hotyplc, phenotypic and environuentat l€vels (l.ble- 

5r). The !e6u1ts o! pr€sent 6tudy colncld6 rith the 

flndi.s€ of scholl aDd ttlller (1976) ald uooduard and 

xalD (1976). Ho{eve!, the6e reEulls ars 1n sonlra6t vlth 

schvenalilah .nd Lelort (197{) and Lancon gl al. (19e3) 

vho !€poited poEitlva lelatlonshlD bet 66n the.. tralta.

276 

Ihl. contradictlon ln leEurts iight b6 ilu€ to illlferenceE 

ln €4e!i,!ertal Eteliat .nal envlloMents und.r rhlcb th€ 

1nv66ti9.tion6 sele @de. 

AAID ITDEI TXD 

'IARE ATRETd1!A 

a tholough plobe into lable-63 indlcatad that 

th6 teo p!!.Gt€!s (s.ed inatea and fibre str€ngtn) td€ 

Foslttv6ly and 619n1!lcantly correlated at g€notyplc and 

phenotyplc levetE. lloreve!, the 6nvi!oN€.ta1 correl.tion 

!a6 also positlve but had v€ly 6Dall lagritud€ aDd non_ 

signlficant, [6nce, Ehultan€ous thploveD€nt of th666 teo 

t alts a.6 Dosslble j,n b!€eiUnq piogra@a. In the e.rlia! 

studl€E sclentlat6 uke rloodualit aDd Mah (1e75) and 

lancd el al. (1991) !.Do!ted posltive .3s@1atio. 

b€t €an the6e tlaits. 

AIED IXDEI AID Ot! PEACENTTOA 

siqnlflcant posltlve ggnotyplc and phetrotyPlc 

corlelatlon bety€er these t o t!a1t5 (Iab1e-63) 5u9Ee6ted 

tb.t a Binultdneous slgnificant ltcraaBs in oil 

p6lcentag€ and 5G6d Ind6x. Le€r v.lu6 of ph4otvplc 

collelatloD co€ff1c16nt thln geDoqplc one indlcat6d the 

Influelc€ of g6n6tlc calses of a66oclatlon. cottoD saed 

i6 . Eoulcs o! oj,L bold, h6avt6r 6eeil. Dav be obt.lneit 

rhlch iD tu!. !!y prova solthy fo! the inPloveiont o! 

cotton ...i1 p!o!.in? ou content. .nd ..ed c.l

277 

{1930) haar al!6.ily report.d posltiv6 @-.I!tloD b€tv.e! 

AIED IIDEI IXD TIELD O' 3IED CdI'OI ttn D!'.||I 

Se6d lndex ahored algniflcaDt negatj,v6 

aFs@latlon rtth yield o! s€ed cotton !d plaat (tab1.- 

63), *hlch d€plcted that 1nc!6aE6 1n sBed lnde* woutd 

result ln propoltioDal aleclea6e 1n yl6rd. sinc6 s.od 

irdq ra6 n€g.tlv€]y colreratod vfth yj,€rd of .eed 

cottor, ther6lor6, shultaneouF hplove!.nt o! Eeeil Index 

(€ouce for iacroase oil pe!ce!taE6) and yleld rould b€ 

ilifllcult. Neverthele6s, tlufted tEplov€D.nt 1n .€ad 

index lnd yielal of se6il cottor could b€ Dit. 1f €floltE 

ar6 don. to br€rk th€ negativ€ asEoclatlon p!€66nt 

betee.n the teo t!a1t3, thloqgh lpploprt.te b!€.ittDq 

t€chn1gue6. Baliltruladov (19?6), scholl hd ulltor 

(1e76)r rnd aaluch e! al. (1979) AlEo repolted neq.tlvs 

colrelati.on bst een thls palr ol char.cterE, chil€ 

xaDlanathan {1955), rllcha.il ql 4. (1973) r stDgh 

(1932), t(han 9t tO. (1935) alil at -nar1 s! !I. (19s6) 

lecordeil positlvo colletarlon betveen 6eed lnitex aDd s6ed 

trll! lxDlr ttD 

aEsoctrtion *lth Etapl. l€nsth (r.bls-53). That 1., so

z7a 

8j,gnlfic.nt lncre.6a in lIDt 1nd6r could bc brouEht about 

by lnc!.a.lbg th. staplo length, llouavar. th€!€ Das. 

t6ndercy of gebotlc f.ctors actlng to ploduco thl. 

collelation 61gnj.!lca!!, Nasallv6 corr.lati,o! betvs€! 

these to tlalts uas re@rileit by schofl ahd l,l11l.r (1975) 

anat woodv.ril and l.lali a1976). 

tatltl tNDEt anD tlBrr tIIEdEss 

r.i.t lnilex Ehoveil neglt1ve and noh-signlficant 

..6ociation ,Iih fibre fin€.€Eg at genotl'plc anil 

phenotyptc I€v€I.. t'he etrv1loMatrtal corr€Latior betre€n 

thosa tro charactcs va3 arso n€gltlve but slgnllic.nt. 

Thlt siEnlflcant ehvllonbent 1n the il.toblnatlon of 

q€Dottt,ic corr6ratbrr ea6 alao lefloct€d ird nongLgtrificant 

h€lltlbltlty coefllcl€nt for ftbr6 !tDe!6Bs 

(T.bIe-63). scholl lrd llill€! (1975) !ou!!il positlvo 

co!!€latloD betv.en th€E€ tvo trllts. vhetgas iroodra!.I 

a.d uarD (1e75) r6po.t6d negatlve aEaociation b€tre€n 

Ltm llDat rxD tME atnarclt 

siqni!lc.n€ posl€ive ..6oci.t1on r.6 ob6elv€it 

bote6en tlnt lnator anaMbe .tr6n9th .t qdottFlc .nd 

Phenotyplc lev€I6. The ati!€ctlon o! ehvllomeDtal 

correlation davl.t6 a t 1t tu sE.ll, .€gllgibt. and noD- 

.j,gnlflcant (Tabl€-63). Ecnolt $d Ml]]€! (1e?6) sd

279 

I,roodedd ana r4al! (1975) corputdd neg.tive lelatlonshit, 

betred thes€ tlalts. vhlch D19ht ba tlu€ to diffelences 

In bleedlnq !at6!ta1! u6ed unil€. d1lfdst €nvtroManbr 

IITT IIIDBT T'ID OII, PERCEdIIO! 

a look into f.b16-53 lndlcat.d that llnt Index 

€xhibit€d EigDilicant and p@ltlve collslation vith o11 

Fefcetasa. Eenc€, Elhultansoua lnploveuenl o! l,1D! anal 

oll porcentaq€ ts po.slble! becauee oil peicen€aqe als6 

shded 619nM€nt geDotyplc .EEociation ritb llDt 

Percenta96 and 366d lndex. 

YIaLD Ot alED CO!!O! tte E!lt! 

Dat! pr€..ht.il 1n Table-63 €houeil rcnsiqnificant 

neqatlv. !.IatlonEblp of tha tro traite und€! 

stutttr thlch auggert.d that !€Ialb]e pGltlv6 chanEo tn 

llnt tnttex coqlil not b. blouEht by thcreas6 o! dac!€as6 

iD yiel,al of 6eed cotton per plaDl and vice ve!6., 

xaratanathan (1965), scholr rnd Mt11€r (re?5), A2ha! e! 

er. (1e3{), xarEy e! nl. (19s6) and shlnde and Thob!6 

(1935) tele 6arli€! 6cleDll6lE ,ho lepolted poEltive 

cofielatlon batreen thia palr of chalact€ls. Thls 

@ntladictio! lj,ght b€ du6 to dlffd€ht E6n6tlc stoclc 

studied and tha intlu€nce of ilcro and @c!o cfhate on 

tna br€edirg latsrlal. Hd.v*, tha ftndj,ngs of xhan gl

280 

qI. (1935) {ere 1n IiD6 vith lhe Pr€ent !6sutts rho atso 

non-slgnlf tcant assoctalion betroen lrrage 

atllrtB tlltcra lrD itDRl trxEl|laa 

rr.ak nesatlva an'r non-Elgnt!1cln! lg3oci'tlon 

raE noriced betveen 6tapl6 lehglh 'nd llbre llnsness at 

EenotyPic, pbebotypic ard envitonDsntal 1€v€13 (Tab1€- 

53). The6e re6utts .gleed *1th the les€trcb lindinqE o! 

xolalra (1969). Schou ab't {iue! (x9?6)' Rabti (193r) 

and Lancon 9! !1. (1993) ' Hovevef' posltivq non- 

€lgn1l1cant corlelation 'a6 rapolted bateeeD th66a tto 

tialt3 bv {alu.! .nd sbahani (1931) ' 

atr!!! lEtlglll l*D t!!R! 6lRltlolls 

st.p16 1e!9t'h s.3 toun

tength .Dd llbr. atlenEth. 

28r 

SITP'A !1116lA |D OIL IERCEIIIIAGB 

$6ak lo.ltive non-.IgrMc.nt associ,atlon at 

qentoyplc and phstol't ic level5 hdlcated thrt 6tapl. 

lsgth 6nd oll F€rc€ntaqe fe!€ tuo Independent 

attrlbutas. lhe €nviloMental cor!.t.U,o! raa Dasatlv€ 

anil non-€1qDi!lcaDt (Table-63), 

arrpr,E l,f,\tcrr tD ltEr,D ot allD cottox ,ER Dl,lllt 

Negatlve Eignl cant 9.noq@ic colr6latlon 

b€tr..n rtaple length dd yt6ld ot B€6d cotton p* Plant 

(TabI€-63) tndlcated that incleas€ tn atapte I€ngth tourd 

cause dacreas. th yield of seed @tto! P.! plant. 

N€v€!th.1e66, llDltea liplov6bent h ataplB l.ngth anil 

y161al ol Eeeil cotton could b. had 1! elfort6 rr. Dde to 

b.ed. tb. n€gatlve ass@L.t1on proaent bett66n the tto 

tralls thloush lppropliat6 bleedi..g technlqu€8. schort 

and uLtlar (re76) , Gesog and lulatov (1979), sagliluUina 

(1979) lnar Azh.s e! eI. (1931) aDd Khan e! tI' (1991b) 

had.1.o obs€lv6d ncaatlv. asEociatlon beteeen thls palr 

of charactelB, vhile xh.n and KhAn (:,955) reltort.d 

po51t1v€ @ralltlon co€tltcl4t b6teee! Et.E]. I€nsrth 

and ytsld of 6€€fl cotton p6! prant.

282 

traB! ltrlrlaa lrD trlRa arntdgrx 

Fible ftnen€s, aE plEEant6d 1n tabl€_53 shoved 

reak po6ttlve non_signlficant g€notllplc' phenotvpic and 

€nv1!od4!al ls5octatlon ulth tlbre strengrth' henc6 th€ 

tro att.lbut66 t€!€ independent ?ro! each othe! the3e 

!e6utt6 f.vouled bv Bochalova (1930) but a!€ coDtr'sE 

vIEh X.tra! and shahlni {19sr), {ho fosd ee'} n€gatlve 

assoclaEion batreen th6s6 trait6 HovevEr' posltlv€ 

6igtrj,ricant aEBelatton bet{een thes' tuo tr'It6 ea6 

observeil by rlncon el af. (1993) ' 

trarE trxErasa dtl) otr, PERCBAIICI 

r r6vi6, ot the rasqlls present6d jn labl€_53 

and non- 

!€ve.ted that libr. ltnenegs vas Po6ltjvelv 

6ignlflcanttv corr6rat€d Hith oil perc€nlaq€ qsnottPlc 

't 

.nd phgnotvplc lev€l6 Th€ enviroMental correlatton vas 

.tso non-glgnlaicant bqt 1n neg:t1v6 illrectlon' 

t1!!.8 tlxEllaa !l!D trElD O! AESD Corlor lEt l!lr! 

rib!€ finene6g 6ho{ed slgnlflcant potltiv6 

g€hotyPic asEoclation {!th v16ld of seeit colton pe! 

plant. the othe! tvo colrelatlon coefflcl6nls n6!e nonslqniticant 

(TabI€-63)' Non-Elgnt!Ic'ni he!ltabiIl!v tD 

broad 6€n6e for fibr€ ftn€nas6 suggettad thlt sel€ctlon 

bag6d on Ph6nott?63, for the siEuttan6ous lbplovdent ot 

these tvo tralts i6 iEposeiblB' rba Pdilivc ssDotvPtc

283 

@Eolatlon ras arao co.puled by schorl .bd |llU€r (:,975) 

lor thas6 teo tralta. 

ATRBIGIA tr|D OIt, DE ,CErIIGE 

'IITI 

Th6 oxabln.tlon of Table-63 !.v€a16d thar 

poaltlv€, sis.ilicant g.Doqt)ic .Dil ph€nottPj,c 

!6l.tionshlt, *lsts.t b€$€en fibr€ str.nsth utl oil 

P.!c6ntage. I{dce. 3i,bul!t6neou6 hplovoont ol th.s6 tro 

t!.1t8 ca p6sib1. ln any bleeding prog!.@e.The 

€nvlroE€ntal cor!6lallon cas al6o 1n th€ a.Ds

284 

q4otypic corlelatloh co€tf iclsnt vaE . j.gDillcdt (tabte- 

63). The.e re.ults $e 1n accoldance rlth the llndingB of 

6oko!ov! and AvronoDov (1935) but dl.agr..il vlth the 

resuM p!€s.nted by AlhE.r e! d. (re92:. 

corretatlon analy6iE !€val.d that getotypic 

collelatlon. r€le .tfolgar than phenotyPlc on6s fo! !o6t 

of th€ tralts in €ith.! dlloction (rab16-63). tpri 

ph€notypic correlatlon co€fflct6nt6 {outd !€Eult du. to 

lodilytnq €ff€ct of .nvlroMst on tn6 ..rociatlon ot the 

chalact€ls !t th€ s€notyplc levsr. fitgh posltive and 

.isniflcant v.lu6 ol senotyt ic corlehtion cosfficl.bt 

$as ob.ened.rong nuDbe! of bolla Pe! pllnt.nil yl6lt:l of 

seed cotton per plant (0.3553) lolloeed bv unt 

pelcsntage anil riDl Indax (0.?189). s6sil ind6x and 11nt 

index (0.6271) and rint id:l6x anal oi1 p.lc€nt qe 

10.5436). c6notlc collet€ti.on coef!1c1€nt b6tveen sead 

lndq .nil slaPle l.nqth (0,496?), boU eeigb! and aeeit 

lndex (o.44e3), s6.d ind€x anal !lbr6 .lrenqtb (o.a23a) 

.nd llnt lnatex and fib!€ 6treDqth (0.a131) rara .l€o 

lEplsEsive. th6 aLbost abs€nce o! g.noCy!,ic colrdlation 

b€t{66n boll reight and yle1d o! saad cotton per Plant 

vaE ancouraElng, a5 thls !6uld .uoe consoliilallon of 

Eatn ln both the t!a1t6 tttn slDultan.ous.electlon. 

concluiUnqly, 1n tiplovtng the tleld potantial o! colton 

ortivar6 studiad Ia tha plcEent ro!k, alirsct ..I.ct1on

285 

ba5ed on luhbe! of bolls p6r plaht and llnt p€rcant!96 

rould b€ levarding. 

Dtta co8 ttcraf! rlnlrara 

uslng g6notypic colferatlon co€ffic1.nts, path 

analFls ras parfooed for th€ tralts ude! invoatigatlon 

In f, Eenelatloh, sh€n yiald of E6ed cottoD pe! plant vag 

g€lect€d as r€sultant variabla and othe! liDe cbllaclais 

aB ca!3a1 vallablo. lath analyalr 91v63 ! sobe shat 

itlfle!€nt plctue thaD does the 6itPl€ corel.tlon 

!naly.l.. The appar€nt conflict b6lveen th€ tto analyals 

16 thlt the tvo bethods ar. reaEuring iUfferent thtng.. 

The collelatloD alnply r6asur6a Dutull .asociatloD 

rithout legald to clEatlon, vha€as Drtlt co6!!icl6Dt 

analyrlE Ep€cifl€5 th6 cauEoa alil !6!Eur6 their lalatlv. 

loport.nc€. B.6jdo sibple corel.lion th6 path .naly.l8 

alEo iUffer rroe paltl.I aDd rultlPl€ correlatlon 

.naly.ls. A9.ln c.use and ell€ct sltuatlon donq 

varlables lad€ the plth ar!Iys16 suPello! thln all th6 

oth€! cor6latlo. analFi.. P.lh co.ftlclst .nalysta 1. 

obviou.ly th€ DoEt us€ful to! the plrnt b!€ad€! co 

ilevelop a solectlon cllte!1on tn ord€! to acc@utate 

optllu! co&blnations o! yi€td contllbutinq ch.lActela ln 

! 5ln9l. genotlP€. $16 natule of causal ByEt4 rcht6v.d 

In thts ploject la gj,ven in Tabl€-64 and rgple5ent€d 

iliaqr.@ticarly in rigu€-17. Tb6 lasulta are iltsass.d

286 

I p€ru8ll ot th€ Fault. glv.n In frrb1.-5a 

ihdl@t.d th.t nurb€! o! bolla !q p1.nt d.rt.t th. 

hlgh.at Doaltlv. itlr.ct .t!.ct (1.123) tnan a:,1 th. otbe! 

tralt. on yl€l,it o! a6.il cotton p.r plet. rh. IndlrGt 

.lt.ct. vi! llbt ihd.r (o.253a) l,1nt p.rc.nt.g. (0.1603), 

o11E€lcot.ge (0.0097), rt!p1. leoElh (o.oo7r) rnd !Ibr. 

!1n{@. (o.00u) r.r. poaltlve, but vl. ...4t iniLx (- 

0.4/136), boll rolsht (-o.2t0t) lnd lib!. .tr.nqth (- 

0,005) r..!o n€gatlv.. $r... nsgltlvo lndlr.ct .!t.c!. 

t6bd to d.c!..a. tha df!.ct .ll.ct but atlll both 

g.rctlplc co$.l.tlon (0.35*) and dlr.ct .!iGt e.r. 

blgbar th.n au tho oth€r ch.rrct r!, h.rc. Durb.r ol 

boll. p€r pllnt tuil lDpo!.!lv. lrportaDc. ,,n ..IGtIon 

crtt.rl,! ot h&nor yi€lil cotton g.nott[E.. $.1d1. 3l rl. 

(re?e), Dh.triL gl rl (1e3.) , Ar-Rlul !l d. (1e35), r.D1l 

.nit ll-Eunl (1936),, ly.gl tl !1. (r93e), fl.ng (1931), 

xh.n !! dl, (1991b) .tril lal.och t! d (1ee2) .1.o 

oph..ir.

a 

287 

f.9:ty:.9:'r 

p E F C F t 5 9 !9 

r . . 5 - - - . 9, 

I I B ! ! ! I e d! 

t 

.3 A 6 P J; e e 

:tgE;str a 

T, 

3 

: 

l1 

s! 

&T 

t; 

LI 

*i 

ir 

Fii

288 

F 

' F " T' 

t 

? 

6 

5 

2 

t 3 

t 

Pt9S 

9" gg 

t StE

289 

(0.442), ltht pqentags (0.1049) llble tineDe6a (0.0013) 

lnd atb!6 st!€Dqth (o.ooos) rere al6o pos1tlva. x@€var, 

tb. lndllcct eff€cta v1a bor1 nurbe! pe! plant (-0.5301). 

lint Ind€x (-0.495{) oll pelcantaqe (-0.or27) arit slspl€ 

length {-0.0093) ro16 n69atlre, lhic}r roueratt the 

@gbttud€ ol g.nottlplc correlation (-0.0236) betr€€n bo11 

{e1ght and tielat of 5€€d cotton pe! p1ant. In satectlon 

crltdia !o! u.1D9 positive d1lect €ff€ct o! bou selght 

fo! inc!e.6e yl6ld o! seed cotton F6! Flant, it ls 

n€c€€3ary tbat restlictlon ue!€ lDporod to nulllfy th€ 

und6allable thdl!€ct eff€cts vla boll n@be! Ds! Dlant 

Th. lncfe.Ee of lint polcentago !€ru1tE 1n lhe 

l,ncre!6e o! yl6ld o! se.d collon p6r pllnt vas tndlcatoat 

by poEltlva dilect elfect (r.0333) anil gerotyplc 

cor!€ratlon (0.2469) o! l1nt percertag€ rlur yleld ol 

6€€d cotton pe! ptan!. Lint p6lc6ntag€ lnfluenced ur6 

yleld of s€eit cotlon par pl.n! PoEltively through 

lndl!.ct Fath. vlz. boll luber p6r prant (0.1559) boU 

ralght (o.05oe), stap1. length (o.ooe9) and !Ib!€ 

Bt!€ntEh (o,ooo5). tiot€v€!, llnt tnAes (_0.956{)' aeed 

1nil6x (-o.os65), oll p€rcetrtage (-o.o19e) aDil ble 

!inen63 l-o.ooo?) 6hoved n€gatlv6 Indlt€ct effscts. Th16 

le€earch i,nfarenco i6 quit. 1n conloaltv tith th. 

qoncluEtons &.tn by Dh.nds el Al. (1934). n.ng (1933)

nd r(han gl aI. (199:,b), 

290 

lartltiorllg o! genetlc co!!.latton b6ts.en 

.qeal inat* anrt yGrd of s6.d cotton pe! pfut lnto di!€ct 

!ni! in

291 

!FnotyD... lorNE portttv. Ctt€ot .!l6ot. ol boU rotght 

.l!d !..d lr.r.r cd b. rE ll lor |.r.cdig !rg! r'Lrdl!g 

alttv.r., 1! !e8t!lotlo!. v.r6 to b. 1Drro..a to rNl!.l!y 

th. ult dr.Dt. tuUltEt .tt ct vl. boU !oD.r. !.8 

plut 6trd llnt tni!.x ln both th tE.rt.r6.

p !9 

q 

d 

.I 

E 

P 

\ 

\+ 

b 

82 

rl 

t. 

Y. 

P. 

r 

*' 

q., 

PATH DIAGRAI{E 

ltc. 1? 

thnbcr of Ao11! po! Illani 

Yicld of F.d cotton D.! pldt 

C€noiyplc cou.lation 

ond.ftned f.cie.

293 

CIIAPTER V 

SUMMARY 

I 9r.9 dlAU.l croas 6xp.rle€n! ra6 coniluct€it oD 

ar.rrc& nphnit cotton (Gc!EEl$ LIl!!!!! L.) to 

@x1Du nurbc o! r.@Esiv. 96n.a for lint lnitex .Dtt 

tlbr. tIh6n6EE. clltlvar a-12 had arcdaa o! doDlnant 

gen€. tor llnt lElcotago, ]'l'Dt lDilea .Dil !j.b!e lln€n€€l 

rh€r..a th1. cultlvA! had lbundant o! !.c.aalv€ goea !o! 

at p!. l.nEth. cl|{-r3s DoEss...d DxtDu !.eEalv. 

.ll.l€a to! llnt E.!c6nt!ge aril flble.t!€nglhr !bll. 

NLAB-?a had Driro !@ea61v6 a11.Is6 tor boll nEber p.! 

plant, at@.t!1cal ill6trlbqtioD o! PGItlv6 3nd bcgatlv. 

all€I.. exhlbitlDg

295 

tlr€ p.a.nt c {-135 plov.d to b€ qood ga!.r!t 

coDbirer lor boU nlabE! E€! plsnt and yi€Id ol ...d 

cottoD P.! pl.nl. The cultivar ra-aa app..red to b. 

.qually the begt 9€re!a1 cobbiner to! the ch.ractera llke 

boll r61Eht, a€€il Ind.x, Etapl. length, and ol1 

p.lent.go.!d.lril.rly 6-12 for llDt pBlceDtag€ and 

I1nt lnd.x. Thus the pa!€nt cM-135, I{s-aa and s-12 

.pp€dad rorthy o! .xplolt.tlon fo! ioat o! th. tralt. ln 

braailiDg p!og!au.. 

The r8ult6 obt.InBd fto! corrolatloh anrly.ia 

.h46d th.t g€.€lrUy genolyt,lc co!!€latlons {€!€ hlgh€. 

than th6 r.ap@t1vo ttlenotyplc co!!.tatioDa. Th€ hlgh..t 

poBltiv€ .nil sj,gnMcant vAluee o! gelotyplc coEelAtlon 

coe!f1c1€hl6 e6!6 obaervad b6te€€n chat.ct.r6 

@lbinatton6. nuib.! ol bol,ls p€! plant and 66ed cotlon 

yleld (0.6558). l1nt p6lcentaqe and 11nt lnit€x (0.?139), 

Bed lnd6x anil l1nt ind6x (0.6271) and thd arcnE l1nt 

hitax anil oj.l pdc.ntase (0,5436). Dl!€ct EalactloD baseal 

on nuDb€r of bo11. ps pl,.Dt and 1i,nt p€centage eould bc 

r6ea!d1ng. l4.v.r, paUr rnaly6la a16o suEEc6t6d th.t 

tth€ct 61DuLlan6our 66lactlon ba66d on th€a. tuo tlalt. 

roula b6 advaDtageoua. nor.ver poaltlve dI!.ct eff6.t ot 

boll t.tEnt anil E€eil lnd6a can b€ u8ed lor .slectlon ll 

r.gtrictloD .e!o hposed to nuUily tha qr.nlerl lnaur.ct

296 

.llata vtl boll Dubels D.r plant.nd llnt lbd6r h botb

LITERATURE CITED 

Abo-El-zahab, !.A. 1933. Dialt€1 an.ry6ts o! 

quutltatj.vely Inh6ritqd traits 1n c653vbi!h 

brrlt3lehlr L. annala o! asllc. sc1. Aln shd6 

univ6!.itY 23(3): 133?-1353, 

Abo-41-Z!hab' A.A. and ll, N. lt€tsaIy. 1979. H.telosis.nd 

coiblning ability in !,gypttan cotton (g! 

b.!!.D.r.d-9-OE-C L-). z€lesch!1ft fur 

pllaltenluchtung 32(I); 15-59. (P1. B!' Abst. 

50(5) ! 4O8e; r930). 

AID-EI-Z.h.b, A.A. ud s.A. Abd-All.. !972. cen.tlc 

lnd tr.rit.bj,I1€y of so!6 aEronoDic 

ln €syptlan cotton, Gp6ssvoiur 

lerbaCeDle 

215-242- 

I,. Alexandll! 't. Aglic. Ra6. 20(2) | 

F.E., T.P. Leon. R.R. Vall€go. lnd H.X' 

s!lva6tav!. 1930. collelatlon betva€n th6 taln 

yl6ld cdponentE and !Ibr6 quality tn tbre. 

co@elcill v!!i.ti€r ol cotton (g! [iIEulsD 

L.), falfj,alba 30(3): 303-311 (1 E1. Br. lbst. 

5213t.222si 7sa2).

ahDad, 4.4., x.u. rl-Raui and s.n. aar6am, r9a3. Diallel 

anary€iB lor coibining ablllty and genB actlon 

aiong !1ve varialt.s o! Upland cotton ln l!aq. 

riaqi J. aEllc. scl. 1(2): 133-143. 

akba!, x. x.A. Kban, t.G. l(han .nd N.I. Xhan. 1991' 

aeteloEls and conblniDg.bilitv 1n dlarrel 

closg€s of cotton {G- hlrEugu L.) r' 'q!1c' 

Ra6. Pak. 3r(.r). 369_37?. 

Akhr€atov. D.lol, 1930. H€t6!o6i5 fo! €condtc'Ily u6efu1 

ch.rac!€re in IDl.rEP6ci!1c colton bvbri'ls' 

KhloPkovodslov. Ta6N

X.x., H.l|. Al-Blyaty .nd 

H€litabil,ities !n

Bater, J.L. and rr.n. verhalen. 19?3. Th€ tnhelltancE o! 

66v.!al, aqrondtc and ttbr. Plopelti€s uong 

6e1.dod rln* ot upla.il cotton, c!sEEl;l!! 

bjrEtrlur L. crop sc1, 13({): ,144-450, 

B.karr J.L.r .nd L.tt. v€lha1en. J.9?5. 8.t.ro613 aDal 

@lbinlrs abillly lor a€v€.41 .Efonollc and 

libre prop€lti65 leng 3€16ct€d t1n6r oa 

Up1lnd cotton. cotton G!or, R€v. 52(3)! 209- 

a.Iuch, 4.H., x. Ishaque and li. lteroD. t9?9. colret.tton 

of llbe longth eith yl.Id and bo11 Eiz€ in 

iDt!8p€cif1c cotton hvbrld ltr F2-Pt. rh. Pa]

B6ryr A.A.A., x.A. Blahr, X.Iit. El-Astfy 

Fa*a1. 1975. 6.n.tlc .n.lysls 

cotton s€€al qulllty EEyptlln ,t. 

{(r): 250-26r. 

B€dai., !.a. Ii.A.. El-p.ral lnd t{.a. 6.d. 1977. Diallet 

an ly.l. o! .oE. !l,br. properti€s 1. E$'prla. 

cotton (c6srvbtur E!4!tlg !.) lgllptlan ,r. 

Genet. qrtol. 6(2) t 342-a53. 

B€ratteutldov, R.B. 1975. co!!.f.tfon o! cossalw 

barbrdeng€ sb. naucb. a.bot, Tu*r N11 

6.l6Ltall 1 66r6novodEtvs tont@voloknist 

thtopch.tb&A No. lat ?a-70. 

Bhal., L,L., l.C. D.ni lhd ta.c. Bh!t. 19A9. V.riatlon 

&ong plant lo!..6d oit a.it 1lDt chat.ctels 

ot cotton. Inil. ,t. c€n€t. l9(2)r 255-259. 

Bhatad€, s.s. 1e3t. c6rFttc aDaty.ts of yl€tat and fibre 

charrct€la 1n cotton. rnd. J. Agric. sct. 

51(3 ) | 160-152.

Bocharov.. V.U. 1940. Collelatlon bstr€o !1bre l6ngth 

am:l both ttn6n6a6 and sti.nEtlr ol fib!€ in 

cotton ln tha F2. R€f6!at. Zhulna1 ?.55.252, 

(P1. Ar. Air6t. 51(5): 4334i 1931). 

Aogha!., D.G.. N.P. rbhta .nd x.V. P6thahi. 1995. Gan€tic 

EtutlIB on oll coDlen! ir Uprdd cotlo! (gr 

hirEutun L.) eujrat rglic. oniv. Re.. r. 

10(2):1-4. 

Boal.nd, F.X, 1974. Inh6rlt&co .nd lotarr6l.tlonahlps 

o! ..ver!l se€d Bnd .6€illlD9 charact€ll3ltca 

of cottoD (cos6vplur LEiUIjlD L.) Dl.relt.tioD 

Alst. Int. 39(3): 11248-11258. 

Bulton, G.fi. 1952. Quantltative lnhsltrne 1n gE.a.c6. 

sixth Int. GraEaland cong. tr 2?7-285. 

chandlacthl. P.s. 1973. Correlatlon lnd P.th 

of glnnibE pelc.ntag€ 1n cottoD. 

J. 60(9/:.2); X525-23.

chaDdraD.thlt P.s. .nd p. fidon, 1973. Dtau.l an.ltsi6 

of yielil its colpon.nt6 and tralo r6nqth in 

sc!g@j,t D De$!4ens! L. Xldlas AEtic. J. 

60(9/12): 1560-55. 

channa, H.u. and M. aheit. r9s2. co!!6latlon gludl€E ln 

5o@ econobtc and ellho1oglcal charrct€!3 of 

e9EeyDltl! bl:c!l!]l! r, The Pak. cottoD6, 26(2): 

chrigtldl€, 8.G., .nd c.J. tl:!!16on. 1955. cottob G!or1n9 

probld3. I,lcc!a, Ii1ll Book Co. Inc., Neu yort. 

Dani, R.c. 19a9. H€t€lEogls 6hd coDblnlng abluty for oit 

cont.nt .nd other econoDlc traib h cotton 

(CCrElpilJD hirEu!!! !.), Ind. J. Genet. PI. 

Br. a9(1):47-51. 

oani, R.G. t99o. c€.etic r.6ea!ch of cotton E6€d oi.1r .r 

r€vl€v. coto! at Flb. Trop. 45(1)r 71-74. 

Dani, R.G. 1991. Analysis ol coibtnlnE lbilj,ty lor aeei! 

o1l content iD cotto. (GosE6tu! LESITU! L.) 

Act.-!9lonoDica Bqhga!1cA. 40(t-2) : 123-127.

Drnt, R.G. dil R.J. (oh6l. 19a9. XatslEI €ff6cts anil 

gerer.tton !e.D .na1yr1. of a..d ott content 

tn cotto! (c6ssvbtfi tskqrlll! L.). theor. 

Appl. C.n€t. USA. 77(a). 569-5?5. 

06a.i, D.T,, ll.P. ltehta lnd S.A.S. IiLL!. 1930. Dl.Ue1 

crosE .n.ly6ls lor cobblnlnq .blllty !o! .eeil 

@tton yleld .nd sor€ oth6a quntltatlv6 

charact.!6 iD Upl.nil cotton (co..vpi!h 

hlButun L,) carclr. d6orta, BstuatoE 

Agronoiic!€ 7(rl2r. 37-ao. (Pl, a!. ab3t. 

53 (5) 3 /1940; 1933) . 

D.Ephand€! L.A., G.R. vy!h!Ika!, A.s. Analngka! lnd s.s. 

r{!ne. 1944. llatqre of 9.h€ actlon for yt€ld 

rn! lib!. t .j,t6 in u9l.nd cotto.. hd. J. 

&aic. scl. 54(2): e7-99. 

D€teY. D.i. 4d R.E. Lu. 1959. t 

coef!lcl.nt analysis o! 

rheat gr.E6 .nd It6 s66al 

51:515-5:,3. 

corolatloD .ntl Path 

colPon6nlE o! cleEted 

productj,on. ag!o.. J.

305 

a.4.. A.A. tyagl .nd D.s. 

ch.r.cter assocl.t'ton aenE 

qu.lity attributea ol upland 

agric. sci. 54(r): 24-29. 

a.!{., ard P.t. u1u€!. 197r. Tr.Dagrassiv€ 

36grasatlon and th. mtr€ o! 9d. .ctlon ln 

ab tDteryali.tll cors6es ol Dp1!!rd cotton- 

crop sct. 11(2) t 331-334. 

El-AdI, A.M., Z.A. Xo6b! lnil U.A. I'legah.d. 197a. Dlallel 

coro*e5 o! yj,.I

F.tlh, l.U.A., I{.4. Kb.n and M,G. Xhan. 19?5. cen.tic 

.naly6la of spaclns r66poDr. ln g- htlsuttrb L. 

cro.6€.. th€ Pak. cotto.E! 19(2). 95-104. 

R.A. 1954. St.tistlc.l ll6thoda fo! Ress.lch 

rorke!6. 134. Ed. pp.243-294. Lo8to!, O11v.r 

Gaati A.t., x.A. EI-FaraI, .B, Bashlr and A.r., EI- 

khlsh€n. 1974. studl€a on gene actlon ln an 

tnt6!6peciflc closs o! cotton I. X.hlfastatlon 

of typ.. oa 96n€ a!!6cts. lgypti.D J, c.net 

.nd clrlol. l(1)r 117-124. 

Gargi H.R.. r.A. 6hqh anil c.S. Chahal. 19a?. Gsetlcal 

ana1y613 o! quantltative tralt. i,! t*o 

backcloa6 populatloE of Upranit cottoD. 

ceDetlca Aq.rla rarldkot 41(t)r 419-425. 

Cazlyanta, s.n. and O. ZH. Zhatilov. 1933. ces€t1c 

.dlyal. of €conollcllly u36lul chrlacte!. 1n 

cotton vari6tl.6 rnd ttn.8. salaktsly! j. 

s@ovodstvo, UssR No, ar 27. (Pl. B!, Abst,, 

36(a): 2994; 1935).

G..iyanta, 6.|r. anat o.zh. zharilov, t9a6. a d1!11€1 

...lysis o! chlractaiEtlca aletenlnlng ftbre 

y1.Id i. her vrllet1€s.hd tine. o! cotton. 

s.I. skokhozy! j,etvennykh Nauk rD6nl v.r. 

l,.nlm No. 5, 19-21. (p1. B!. AbEt., 57(3): 

2170, 1e37), 

c.6osr F.(. and . Pulatov. 19?9. Co!!€latlon j,n top 

xhloplcovodstvo, 91 3{-35, (P!. Br. Abst. 

51(1) ! 543; 1931,). 

tnt!aap€cific hybrid. 

G€.6, G.F., X. Pql.tov aDd A. A.ltj,rkulov. 19a?. 

coDblDing abll,lty .na1ysl. ol cotton v.!1etie6 

o! ttE sp€cl€a q bslbldr!{r L. fo! yl.Iat and 

1t. coDiFnsnt.. sel, .kolrhozyaistr v.maya 

Blologiya t2, 12-14 {cotton .dd tloplcar 

Flbr€E Absr. 13(10): ??9; 1933). 

chafoor, a., and x.a. xhan- rga?. Goe actlon add 

coDblnlhg ablllty estlai!€6 fo. yi6ld .nit 1tg 

cotrPonsnta In upland ootton (Go..hlun 

hrr.utun L.) J. rElic. R€a. pak. 25{1)! 5-12.

Gillr I'1,s., and ll s. K.IEy. 1931. G6n6tlc rnary.l. ln 

fou! cloEEea ol opland corlo!. crop Ilprov€. 

3(2): 95-99. 

c1tl, a.s., dd T.ll. slnEh. 19a1. cGrelatlon .nd p.th 

co6frlctqt ..a1yai6 ol yleld rtth copon.nt'E 

tn Upland cotton. clop Irprove. 3(1): 23-27. 

C!.fIus, J.E. 1959. fi.t.lorl. iD ba!61y. Agron. \t. !l: 

55L_551. 

c!1d1ey, It,E, 19t5. a!€edlng lDpltattons f!o! a iu.ll61 

aratysls i. tuo .nvlrorent6 of yI.ld lnd 

yietd cdpon€.t charactds in uphna cotton 

(C- hlIllrllr! L.). Iheo!. App1. c.n.t. a5(3): 

,101-406. 

Grilling, a. 1e56. coDc.p! o! gener.l anal .p.cllic 

cdbining.bluty in lelatlon to d1.ll6l 

systd. auat. J. aio.sci.9, la3-a93. 

cupta, s.P. 193?. c6n.tlc. o! 6e6d 1ndd, Unt lnil€x, 

ea!1yh.8E anil plant halgttt in upland cotton. 

Intt. ir. Agrlc. 3c!, 51 (6), 427-12A.

culbd, R.I(,r G.s. chahat .ad T.ri. siDgh. 19a3. cab€tic 

.n!1y813 of an Intd-latlns populatlo! in 

rrplo

310 

IlangoD, ll.D., |l.t. RoblnsoD and R.E. Colstet. 1956. 

Blo!.lrical studieE of y1.ld in s6gr.qsrtng 

popul.tio of xolaD leap..l..a. agroD. J. 4a: 

254-212. 

[aFa., B.I. l95aa. rh€ tb€oly and !na1y6ts o! iuau.r 

c!o6a... cq6tlc.. 39: ta9-so9- 

aayDlh, 8.1. r954b. the !n.1y31E ot v.r1ahc. o! i[a1Ie1 

cora.. Bio@t!1,c6. t0: 235-2a5, 

HayD!., B.L 1957. ht6!!ct1on, hot.rosig .nat dlarlgl 

croa.... rl. G€n€tic6. a2: 335-355, 

Iru6.!1n, a. .nil rir.a. xhln 199r. corblninE ability 

6naly.la In cottotr (cosgvptur hirgutun L-) J. 

as.lc. Res. pak. 29(3). !19-325. 

Ibr.gl&v, P, sb. .d x. B€lsakutov. 19a5. rnh6!lt.n@ ol 

fib!. I€ngth a.d outtuln coipoD6trt6 ln 

SsEE]l!ji!! brI!,llCeDEA v.!l€tl,ee. Nauchny6 

Trudy. tshx.ntahli sel stokboryll3tv6Dy1 

rnBtltute. No. 115t 10-17. (pl. B!. Abst., 

57(1r) | 99?1; 1937).

311 

Il

312 

D,R. and a.K, Kolhe. J,937. cr.phtc.t and 

cobblnilg ablllty alalFla 1n uplanat couon. 

Ird, J. Asrlc. sci.57(7):.5i-46r. 

u.K. 19a4. A study or E.n6tlc v.rlablrity, 

corroration co€fficienta, harttabtllty, 

gen€ttc advanc€, path co6f!1c1st.naIysts and 

s€!6ctlon lnillcsa or dtxr6€n charlcr€rs in 

cottoD. xy6or6 J. agitc. scl. 13(12): 157. 

Jl, D.l. aDd J. zhu. 19a3. cenetlc lnatysia ot o11 and 

allno acid cont€nt ln rh€U€il 6e6d o! Uptan

J.L. .rd B.I. llrFrn. 1953. The dalysls of 

dt6u.l c!os3Bs. x.ire Geh€t1cE coop. 

N6uBl,elt.r, 27! {8-54. 

,tinlg. J.L. and,t.{. Palkins. 19t0, A genelat i€tho

xalvrlr r{.s, lrd N.x. shahani. real. Intd-!€rariolsbip 

o! ginninq outturn, ataplc l.Dgth, lib!€ 

flneneEa and libre 6t!en9tb in q- hirsutun L. 

Th6 Pak. cottons 25(4): 235-243. 

(analanath.n, s. 1966. corr€latlon of llnt yl.ld and 1ts 

colponent. 1n cotton (9: bjkEtrls! r.). rtadlas 

Agilc. t, s314) | 55-51. 

(asg@, 8,s.. !t.A. Xhalifa, n. A. El-lolEhl

Khan, I.4., I.A. Khan.ntt li.A. Khan. 19a0., Etutty o! geD. 

lctio! .nrl corbllilg ablllty ln varloug 

charact*s o! cotto! (q:eEgEIbtD luilEulu! L.). 

me Pax. cotton., 21lt)r 2L7-221. 

xha!, I.a., tt.a. xhan. F.I{. Azhar and l(. alred. 1990. 

claphic ahaly.l6 !o! gene acrj,on coDtrolflnq 

altff€lqt q6ntlt.tlva ctu!.ctc. of Uplarlat 

cottoD t,raDt. pak. J. sci, and. ReE. 33(3)r 

339-341. 

xhan, x,A. 1953. Phy6lol.glc.l and 96D6ttc amlysts ot 

u1thIn lllllr 

u6itatt$1nui. Eh.D. dre61B, 

Lr.x. 

xhan, x.a. 1932. slgnt!16ht pdar.t.r. !G y16ld 

.atlDtioh. ll!. p.k. cortoEr 25(a)! t?9-1s9. 

Rhan, {.A. .nil A. Ghafoo! 1991. cohblnlng .blllty !o! 

yleld antt fts colpordts tn opllnd cotton. 

P.|., J. A9!1c. R... t2(r)! 13-23.

Khan, x.A. .nd a.A. I6an, r9a5. Esth.tj,oh o! colblninq 

abllity affecB tn easqtljill! hrrsutor L. 

cro6s.s, the Pak. cottons, 29(1): 3l-42. 

Xhan, X.A. anal A.D. ahattl,, 1977. Heterosl6 6hd coDbltrilg 

abiuty for yl.ld h Lntra.peciftc diatl6l, 

cloase6 o! cotton (sglEyDiu! hir$llD L.) rhe 

PrX. Cotton, 2t(2) 91-99. 

XhaD, I'1.A. aDd A.D. Bhattl. 1974. Het6ro.1s and cohblnlnq 

abUity for boll nuber ln irtraEp.ctllc 

d1.Uel, crosE€g of cotroD (q. HirEutpr !.) J. 

a9!Ic, R6.. Pak. r6(2): 165-r3o. 

xhaD, x.A. .nd a.H. xban. 1966. Co.lalatlo. bet een 

celtain .cononlc chafact* 1n coltoh. Pak. Lt. 

l9r1c. Sci.3:225-233. 

Kha., lI.A., A. xasouat, l|.A. 

1991a. Ibplicati,on 

Its utirlzation i,tr 

L.), J. Agric. R€s. 

sadaqat lnd q.L, ch6.Da. 

o! colblnlDg abil,ity and 

cotlo! (laE€JDir! LlllllllE 

!.x,2e(2):157-!75.

177 

Khan, x.A., lt.I. aadaq.t and ta. 

c@l!ic16rt.n.ry.I. Ia 

L.) Pah. it. AEr1c. R66, 

xban, x.r., x.L. ch..i., 

199lc, C@btntng 

hirsutuh rJ, ). J. 

Kh.n, .A., . Ayub, R. Shlh .nd G. 

cenatlca o! slnnlng Adl !i,br6 

th€ir gr.phlc r€iE€.cnt tlon 

hjrsulu! l..) salhlal J. lglic. 

Tariq. 1991 b. Path 

cottoD (c, hr4utu' 

A, ,asouil antt Il,A. saalaq.t. 

.blllty studi.s in cotton (C. 

aEllc. ReE. Pak. 29(3):3r1- 

xb!D, ll.a., x.a. (h.n, r.u. azh.! .Dd !t.A. l(ha!. 19a5. 

Phdoq,plc .ril gsnoryplc coEetatloD aralysig 

of €ole econonic ch.!.cte!s iD advanc€il 

piogenl€s or c ,hlr$r!!! L. th€ !ak. cottons, 

2913).r27-736. 

(han, x.D., c.x. ah!€d.nd t{. s.l€€D. 19ao c. A66octltiotr 

of valiou. chi!.ct€li€tlcs in parants.nal 

hybllds o! seEEELll! hl!5]I!!! L- rlle p.j.. 

cottons, 2a(3) :253_251.

314 

xhan, ll.D,, F.I. azh.lr x, rh!.d anal x.c. xhan. r9?9. 

Gdetlc bchavlour o! Cett!&j!! hiEutu L. 

undd lrult.n condltlon. J. A9!1c. R€s. !atr. 

17(2) r75-35. 

Khan, x.D., F.x, Arb.r, N. ah!6d anil u.G. Khan 19ao b. 

Genetic bshlvlour ol coasvptni hlrsutun L. 

und6! t{ultrn conditio!. II. au:lity 

charactqr.. J. Agrlc. R€E. Palr. 13(3):39-95. 

xh.n, r.D. I F.x. azhaf 

anil @!bi.lDg 

of G.hrrrutur 

Pa*. Cottona, 

rnd ll.u. iana. l9ao d. d.t6roal. 

.blUty 1! lbbagF.ctftc qo...! 

L. yi.td abd lts c@!bEDt€. t1!. 

2a(a) ! 306-315, 

xhaD, l{.D., F.l{, Arh6r, t.U. R.n. ald u. Shafi. :,9A2. 

Ihherit.nco Eech.nlsD 1n 6oi€ €cono!1c 

cbaractars o! !!!-rr!t]r! !,irslrllrD L. the pak. 

coltom, 26(4) :169-1?7. 

Khan, x.N,u ahd t.A. xhan. 1993. Stualy ot gen6.ctloD to! 

ebe bo4,hologlcal pllnt chdact*s tn opl.nat 

@tton, Pal. J. a9.1c, 5c1, 30(1):94-93.

(holratov, Kb., D.a. lta€aov and a.s, AlDatov. t99o. 

co!!€lation of €coroDietly ue6lul chalAcrers 

tn ltneE of qEn€tic Etoct. o! the cottoh 

co.svpiup ltit!\llD L. uz. Blo. zhuFl No. 

2,65-5a. (EI. Br. r.bst. 51(12):1r3rr; 1991). 

Kholgado, P.t0. and A.p. Ekboto. tgBs. Bio!6trtcal 

!.Iat1on€hlp6 of certain ch.ract.rs iD upl.n

Xonoplya, s.P. and v.N. Fusov. 1976. Estllation of 

c@bi,ning abulty of pa!.nt6 In d1!Il6l 

croaaes o! @tton. v,hlopchatnll

J.E. Goze, B. llau, x- Bach6lle!. aDil t.L. 

chlna.he. 1993. uultisit. trait of d1.lt6l 

rlth rour elll. pareDt. III co!!.t.tion 

b€tu6d v!rl!bl.. coton 6t Fib. T!op. 

43(1) rrl-1,1. 

L.tifr P., l{. Shaflq. X.H. HuEEanl .Dil U.A. Khan. 19S9. 

G€n6tic analFts of flbr6 chaiacte!. i! 

varlous cro6Ee8 of q.ht!6utur L, J. A9r1c. 

R.., P.k.25(2):79-36. 

L66, ;r.A.. P.A. Xil!€! anil ir.O. F.*1in96, 1,957. 

ht*actioD of coDbtninq.blll,ty efl€t. rlth 

€nvlroeontE ln dj.auel crosses of rrphnd 

cotton (q.hirEorlh L.) crop scl T(5)!477-a31. 

Lfort, F,L. .Dd J. scbtlenitlDn. 1974 .. study o! tb6 

tllpl€ bybrld co66vbiun hlrautur x C9lltrbr 

rl:lgle]lb x qgEEyDiu! lajugDnU. II. aat6ro5fs 

inbleedlnq and coDbining abllity. cotoD €t 

rlb. ltop. 29 (4) rr05-2r13.

x22 

Llort, P-L. .hd ir- schr€ndiDn. 197rt b- study of the 

trtple hyblid cGswton htrEullt! x q. grbalellE 

r S. rS&orllul. III. Epl.tasts, h.!6dlty ot 

th. Ftrcip.t usaful ch.r!ct6rtst1c.. cser.t 

concl,uElons coton et alb, ttop. 29(4):4L5-435. 

Ll, C.c. r,9?5. P.tI aEtyslE - a prt@r. Bonood Pre..t 

Pacillc c!ov€, C.1ifo!ni!, 3a? pp. 

Ltn, t. and t.y. zh.o. 19aa. t.tlDttob o! 

€l!.cts on the lAin ftbr. 

chllActeristlcB i! u!1,!nd cotton. 

Ger.tlca stntca, 15(6): itol-!o8. 

J.8., R.E. rtking .tu:l o.s, s!i,!h, t9ag.. 

o! y1e1d and yielil coqEnert6 tn 

aorghu bnilor lating poPutatlon. 

valiahc. coltron.lts .rd 

heri,trbi1j,tl6a. crop scl. 25(2):235-2ro.

323 

J.8., R.E. Atklns and o.s. srlth, 1945b. 

valiability o! yl.ld ald yield coDpon.ht. lD 

IAPIR graln rolEhun randoD Dtlng populatlon. 

II. co!!.latlon aEtlnat6d q,falt lroE 8Br.ct1on 

and @E.Iat6d !€aponsa to selectlon. clop 

sci. 2s(2).240-2{{. 

Lucl6ll, D.J. 19a9. Di.ll.I .n:1y6i6 of ytelal coDPon6nts, 

!ib!e quallty !n

lLk.uilov, Z. tu. 1945. ceoBtlc aBIyEla ol th. @bpon€Dt€ 

of fibr. yl.ld lb .coloqtc.:,1y dl.tant and 

i€lated cotton vuietie6. Ut. B1o. zhr.aU 

No.2, 19-52. {Pt. B!. Abat. 57(1):a59;resr). 

x.ku

nathap.tl, s.N., K.G. Hi!€@lh, s.N. Kadapa .nd J.v. 

r9?4. c€neclc vllhbtl1ty and 

coE.latfon betreetr 6@mblc chalactera tn 

Eg!'ptian cotton. Ind. J. lrgrlc. sc1. r3(3): 

156-t54. 

x. 19?r. G€traticat stdctura of PopulltloDE. 

chaPen $d H.tl Ltd. lonalon. 

J.L. Jinj.s. 19t1, BloGtrlcal G€nat1ca, 

, 332 pp,, Chaplan atd Hau !tn. bnilon, 

x. and J.L. JinkE. 19??, I.troductloD to 

Blomtlical ceD6tlc6. chaPDn and rhll, 

London, Ist Edltlon pp. 73_a0. 

!aa!1y!kubov, xH. lDd A. auev. 1991. lff6ctiveneE3 o! 

1nt!oE!.s31ve hvbrldizatlon h FloducinE 

btaadllg !At6r1al. Re!6r.tlvlvl zhsn.1 3ta 

xehla, A,€,? B.P.S. Irther, s.s. v€!4 adr B.R. |,lor' 

19s7. L1h6 X teEt€! !naly3L6 ol co[blDing 

abllity ln upland coitoD (gltsEiiro bll!!8!l! 

L.). 8alyana rsrlc. sniv. J. R... 17(2)!153_

325 

ll.I.a,, B.a. . sooEo aDil a. xhu.hitr. 19a1. 

corel.tlo! a t utqr4ls6 nltiEle !.9r6ssioD 

ana]yEiE of s.€d cotto! yj,.Id Anil lts 

corponeht€ in s.hlre$!! !. I'he pak. cotton6, 

25(1):53-53. 

x6r6dj,th, r-R- (Jr.) anit t.R. Brldge, 1972. d€t€rogis and 

gon6 acti,on tn cottoD (G.L:LI!ll!!! rr,) croD 

scl. 12(3):304-310. 

ill.r, P,a. and A. r{a!!nl. 1963. He€4@1s And oolblnlng 

.bl11tt in dlrltel c!o6s6 ot Upt.nd cottonclop 

scl- 3(5):ar11!5. 

rltrt., I{.A. 1e74. hb€lltanc. of sone !ibr. chalacters th 

6ob tnt!.ap€cilic c!os.6e o! cotton 

(S.h.Lr3!!!u 1,, ) .t. agllc. R€s, Pak. 12(3)!lBE- 

202. 

lll!2a, tt.A, anit x.A. to.n. 1974, Dlallal .nAl,ysis of 

60!€ iDpolt.nt characrers 1n tnt.rvalletal 

croFses o! cotton (GoEEwiur htllntun L.). 

Pak. J. A9!1c. Sc1. 11(3-{) !133-1a?.

xilza, s.8. a.d r{.^. xhan. le8r. c6netlc $.lysla ol 6o!e 

libro ch.!act.!6 itr l.tr.q,.clllc dla11e1 

6o6a.. ol cotton. lb€ P.k cottona, 2a(a):247- 

llith.i{a]a, I.x., a.z. cltama, G.E, x.Ivar .n

324 

NadarrJ.n, ll. aDd a.R.s. RahgaExy. t990. coDbiDing 

rbtl,ity ald v.rlabllity stuiliea Ln c6ssEiu! 

hrEutM L- Ind. setety loE cotton rDprove. 

J. 15(1): 16-19. 

4.o., A.B. El-c.n.yanl and H. J!1.1. 197{. 

tlet6rosis and coDblnlng ablt lty ln cross6s 

rEtcen. q.bt!.uth L. ahat q.DtEDAlense L. 

cotton G!o.. R.v. 51(3):192-209. 

Pathak, R.s. 1975. c6n€ €!!6ct6 fo! tib!. ploDelt1es in 

Upland Cotton. Th.o!. appl. c€n t, {6, 129- 

13t- 

R.S. antl !. (ut!!!. 1975. Cobblnlng lbtrtty 

Etudlas in uplanil cotton (s,hLrEulu L.) 

zeltsclEitt !u! pftanz€nzucbtung ?5(a):29?- 

310. (Pl. Br. lbst, r6(10)3921r, 1976). 

Patluli R.S. and R.B. Slngh. 19?O. C6n.t1c. of yiatd 

chalactela 1n Uptlnd cotton. lnil. J. ceret. 

Pl.Br.30(3):5?9-689.

P.ti1, ll.s. 197!. corbinlnq abltity for ao@ lglonollc 

chalact.rE in cossvprrh ELE!!!tu! L. tnd. ,r, 

rgllc. sc1, 43(7).634-593. 

9€!civ.1, A.E, 19a2. coiparlson of th. 9.b6 lction 

controlllDg Et!]c charact6r. in dl!!.rirE 

type8 of Upl.nil cottod (G.htrgutur L-) 

oi$elt.tion Abat. ht. a.!3(3) r6278. 

P.V. .nd D.S. Azizov. 1971. Co!.e1at10! o! 

chalact€lE h cotton. xhlopkovdstova 12: 21- 

23. (PI. Br. Abst.42(3)r5573i 19?2). 

Pulatov, X, anil ll.G. Gublnova. 19a5, coEblDl,ns abluty o! 

varlotl.6 and th6 lhh.rltanc. of s66d oil 

cont4t in cotton. sel, 6kothyozyalstv€nnyxh 

Nauk Ilenl v.a. Lgnina No.5t 15-17. (Pl. B!. 

abst, 5?(3). 2165; 19a?). 

a,R.ll, lnd A.l. abo-El-r.hab. 19?4. D1.ueI 

ana1ya15 of sore aglonollc cbalacter€ in 

ggSEyDj.Ue bltEUlun L. z.ltEchrllt fu! 

Eflanr.hruchtung. 72{4):2e1-3O4. (Pl. B!. 

Abst. 4?(1):523i 19?7).

A. resl. colrelrtlo. bete66D fj,br€ tengrh, 

at!4Sth anal tin6n6ss. I'ie Pak. cottons. 

Ralhlanov, R.R., N.c. cub.nov., ^. covatov.L.y. .d n. 

Pulatov, 19t9. Study of coDblnlnq ablllty o! 

@tton va.l6tl€s fo! saed o11 co.tent iD 

diaUel c!oE3.a. oz. s.s.R. Flnllr Aiad do*I 

ai6a-70. (Pl. Br. Ab.r. 51(1):529i 1931). 

ta.ndh.E, L.s,, c.s. ch.b.l and T.fi. slDqh. 1996. nole o! 

epigtasts ln th6 lDh€lltarce ot y1€td .nd it6 

coFoDgDtE In upl..d cottoD. IDal. J. rEric. 

scl.55(7): a9!t-a95. 

!,c,R. 1955. th€ vatlanc€ o! tha E€netic 

corraration coefflcients, BloDtllc., 11:357- 

R€hmn, A. ald u.a. !llt.n. 1993. c6n€t1c anrlysls 

v.il€tal dltl.!.nc.. i! eosErDllr! hltAll!! 

cro6s65 unde! rAlaalabad coniutlon.. Pat. 

Agrtc. ReE. 31(2); 153-15e. 

L.

e 

RehDan. a., .a. Khan and l. tlassan, 1993. A dtall€l 

amly.ls o! variatal dl!!ar6nc.a lo! aoE€ 

gi!!i!g an

sany..l, l.s. 19a1. cqotlcs of yl€td.td tt. cdp@eDt. 

in U!:,.nd coton (C4EEE1!r hlrE|rllt! L.) 

th6s1. abEt, H.lyaE AE!j,. Univ. Hlss.r, 

Irdt., ? (a):336-332. 

suya.li I.P.s. 1933. cs.ttcg of boll ueight.nd glnnlng 

outtuD tD upl.nd cotton. Ird. J- agfj,c- scl. 

53(1) !19-23. 

sany..1. I.P,s., B.n- to! a.d R.s. p.roda. r9s2. coetlc 

alchlt.ctra o! glming ch.ract€r. ln q)hnit 

cottoD (q.hilrutur L.). crop tDplov€. 9(1):2?_ 

s.[., R.t. p.ttl and a.5. sh.t d.. 19a6. 

rl€t*o.ta ao

achrendlian, J. and P.D. L.fort. 1974. Hyb!1d Lj,n€a lrou 

tb€ qod6 b€tu€€n GoEEElu' hlrEutu L. and 

g.blrbad€nEe L. I1l Colr.l,ation b.tr.d 

ch.!.cte!s, h€t€!o616, j,Db!.o

Y.1., x.v. moDbre, 19a6. a5E@lstton o! 

iull€dt ch!!act6!s in cotton (cosrwrui 

h&Eu!u! L.). cu!!6nt i€.. Repolt, lr!a!!!a 

Phura Aq!1. u.lv. 2(2t,292-295. 

sllva, F.P. DA. .nd il.a. Alve6. 1903. EEtiGtIon of 

.pl6tatic, addl,tlvB ald doilnanc€ valtarlon tn 

cottoh (g.hiButtrr L,) tac. I.titoltu Hutch, 

R.vj,*a B.asll*1a d. c.n6ttca (B!azll) 

6(3):{91,-503. 

sl@rgulyan, {.c. ahd t. 8oBs.in. 19a0. Genetic analysis 

ol cottoD vlli€ties for .con@icalry us.tql 

ch.ractels. G.netlka, ussR, 15(3):509-51t. 

(Pt. Br. Abst. 56(5):3e52; 1936). 

st@nqulyatrr It.G. and E.y. x. akhredov. 19a3. D1.1161 

lmLFiE of qurntltative ch.rActels iD cotton 

lnit Dethods o! opttDizing ..l.crlon lor !1b!. 

qullity. Ge.€tll€, ussR, 19(rr):la5l-r,a51. 

(PI. B!. tbst. t 55(3):1390;1935).

4.N., r.c. Bingh and u,P. slngh 1979. palb 

dalyai6 of yi.ld anit fi,b!6 coDponent. ln 

Dpland cotto!. hil. J. lgric. sci. 49(10)!753- 

D.P, i I-P. Slngh .nd l.P. lay!gi,. r93r. 

As6ocj,rtloh alalysis lor ylald cobponent. i! 

Upl.nd cotton. X.dr.E. AEttc. J. 63(1):t-9. 

slDghi D.P. anil R.a. slDglr. 19?4. coDbinlng .bi1i,ty to! 

yleld boll .ub€r oal boll rolqht tn upland 

cototn. rnd. J. Heledltyt r0(2):51-61. 

slngh, D.P. lnal R.B. siDgh. 1930. G.n tic ol glMlng 

char.cters ln uprlnd cotton. rnd. J. a9E1c. 

6ci.50(?):537-510. 

H.G,r S,X. Govit and X.C. Cb.tw.di. 1973. 

colr6lat1on 6nd helitabitity EtldIeE in aoDe 

charact*8 l. cotton (q,htr.utu! L.) .Ind. 

scl. ab€t.,9(4)!a330. 

61ngh, I.P., 8.5. chh.b!! and R.B. ahgh, 1939. corblning 

abulty an.1y€i6 ln u!1and cotton. Bhartlya 

xliahl r\nu.lDdhan Patlika, 'r(2) !51-63.

335 

singb, it., a.s, Xalhi and c.s. Chah.l. 1932 .. 51n9te 

t€.ter analyals of s6€d aDil !lb!€ eharact.!. 

!n upland cotton. crop Ilprova. e(2):r,64-:,55. 

singh, r'r. 19ao. G€netlca ol sd€ quantitatlva charact€ls 

ln upland cotton. Th..j,s Ab.t. da!y.h. ag!1c. 

Untv. xlrEar Ind. 6(2):106-107. 

sirgh. |i. 1943. Diauel aEly3ir o! fib!€ .hd 6..d 

quauty tr.its 1n upund co!!on.. (S.hiaElrlu 

L.) rlteslE Abat. rhry.n. A9r1c. UnIv. Hlss.!, 

rnd. 6{2):106-10?. 

singh, ., T.Il. Slngh an

singhi x-i T.t. 6lngb and L.s. Rddlr.ra. 1947. corblhtnE 

abtuly fo. flb!€ qualttt chalactsrs tn Upland 

cotton. crop rDprov6. rt(2) :136-110. 

singh, P. and B.G, alngh. 1931. ce!6.ctloni b.lltabillty 

an

334 

Singh, T.H, .nd B.S. Sandhu. 1979. 

.rl6ct5 in q.EiIE!!jl! L. 

49 (5);325-32e. 

&t1D.te6 of 96h. 

Ind. \t. Agric. sc1. 

1.tr.t G.s. cb.b!I, and a,5. x.1h1. 19ao. 

cobFo.entE of g6n6tlc raltatlon aiong a 6.t o! 

!.n pa.elts ln Upl.hd cotton. IDil. J. AEllc. 

scl. 50(5):33t-333- 

Slnghi T.H., Il.S. xandolar P.S. Nagi and B.s, Sandhu. 

1976. Inherltance of soD. qu&tttatlv€ 

charactels In cotton. clop lDprov.. 

3 (r/2) ! 113-12a. 

Slnqh, T.8,, tl.S. (anatola.nd S.s. sanalhu. 1974. c€.€!1c 

.nllyalg of yl.ld and othe! iDportant 

chrlrcte.s 1n Gc$E!s4 hjirEjrEu L. cotton 

G!ov. Rev. 51(2):133-1.r3. 

stnEhr T.H., L.s. Rarithara ahd . silgh. 1933. coDbinlng 

.bj,lity studi.r lor flnt yl.fd aDal it. 

coDpo.ents ove! €nvirouentE 1n uplanat cotton, 

ISCI (hd1an soc. cotton Ilprovgllot) J. 

13 (1):11-15.

Shadaco!, G.L. lnd T.G, 

u.thod6i.Fpli€al 

lnd Atotogy. Th€ 

A!€6. Iov., 

lt9 

C@hlatr. :,962. statl6tlcal, 

to exp6!1Ddt. In Agalcultu!. 

Ida 5!!te Unlvar€lty P!ea.. 

aokolova. T.8., R.l. Ge6o5, a, Ralrhranlrulovt A. auev.ril 

L,t. sydkodzba.v., 1942. EvAlu.tlon ot th. 

codbhiDg .blUty ot cotto! v.!l€t1eE !o! E€6il 

oll cont nt iD . dIaII6l cros.lng syato. s6l, 

skokhozy.lgtvennykn N.!} V.I. I€nina. ?. 

26.28. (P1, a!. AlEt. 55(t):54a3;1e35). 

sokolov., T. .nd v. lwBobdov. 19a5. collslatlon b€tr66n 

3.65.277. (Pl. Br. Abst. 57(5):,{0s0), 

soo[ro, B.A., .d. chlnD! and lt. Ahh€il. 1932. co!!€latloD 

stutllE in q.[irE!r!st !. ah6 Pah, cottod., 

26 (1):39-3r. 

G.!. aDil L.a. Tatuh. 1942. CsDe!.l ve!8ut 

€pecilic cobinlnE abluty lD.lngl. croE..t 

of corn. J. Are!. soc. Aglon. 34!923-952.

spraguer G.F. 1966. Pl.nt A!€.dlDg, pp. 315-354, Th6 lov. 

state Unlvorslty P!eg., ADeE. Iora. 

R.G.D. and J.8. fofij,e. 19a0. Prirclpl.s rnil 

Procedures o! statlstlcs, a blologicrl 

.pproach. s€conil Edltlon, ficclat nill Ibc ll., 

Yo!k, Tofohto, Lndon. 

tarlq, M., . A. Khan, H.A. slilaq.t anil T.JaD1l. 1992. 

Gsetj,c cohponsnt BDaIFiB iD Uplanil cotton. 

!ak. J. agrlc. R€.. 30(/r):.3e-4{5. 

rholb!€t x/*rg.!, P.rh.d. lnd F.a. Patil. 1e47. G€n€tlc 

an.lysls fo! boll nu!ib.r, boU relght.nrt ...i1 

cotton yi€lil. J. t.h!!asht!a aErlc. unlv., 

r2(3).306-303. 

Thoueon, N.J. 1973. th v.rl€tal vallabl1lty.nd r..pona. 

to 6i!91e Dlant r€16ction in g.htrEutu' !. 

PhenottPtc va!hb]l!ty. Agrlc. scl caDb. 

3o(1):125-145, 

loD€!, R.P.s,. N.D. Aror. and A. SiDgtr. 1940. CoDblrlng 

ability fo! y161d colpoDent6 in upland cottoD. 

rnd. J. Agrlc, Sct. 50(6):,r65-469.

341 

tu!!n, z.X. 19a2. Eopufatlon ana1y61. o! soDe aglonolic 

and t6chno1o91qt charact6rl3tlcs of cotton 

us1n9 ilia1lel anatyEla lBthoda. Ege. 

unlv€lBile6i zlraat Patult.a! Delqls (Turkey) 

19(3) !251-272. (PI. ar. Ab3t. 5{(4-5) 33!13t 

r93a). 

rlu!n.!, J.H. (Jr.). 1953. A srudy o! h6t6roEi6 ln Upland 

cottoD. I. lj,.1al of hybrld. c@par6d efth 

vri.tl6s- l\qlon, J. 45(10) r434-436. 

1Y!EI, A.P. 19a7. Argoclrtlon ahrlyats for yl61d 

conponent€ tn rrpland cotton (ceEEs.br 

h-lr!]r!jlD L.) r8t aflican agri. Fo!6atry t. 

52(1):1t-40. 

Tylgj., r.F. 1933. cenetic .schltechtu!€ ot yield lDd its 

cohPonent6 iD Upland cotton {co.swptut 

hlrsutun L.) Ind. J. Agrlc. R.6. 22(2)!?5-3o. 

TFEI, A.P., B.R. t{o! an

v.r!ald, t.ti. .nd t.c. t||!r.y- 196?. A dlrlbr .n|ly3t 

ot aru.l ftbr. rEoEGtt6 ttrlta ln !Dr.!tal 

cotton. croP &1, 7(5) ltor-sos. 

v.!h.l.n, !.x. .Dc it.c. lturr.y, 196t, a dt.Llal rmlyBl. 

oa 4vd.t fibf. Fop.4l6 tr.It. ln uElalxl 

ooEtd (g.hi!.utun [.). clot Aal. 9(!,t311- 

v.rh!l.n. L.x., w.c. !G!rl.on, B.I. al.-l!rl, !. !arr6€ctrdtlt 

lnd J.c. rutny. 19?1. a Cl.ltet 

.n!1y.1. ol s.v.!.I aEloDdtc !!r1t3 1n lrpland 

cottd tor v.llous cb.Bc!.!. ol @tton 

(c.u!'l|$a rJ.). cloP sal. 11!(ll!e2-r6. 

vr,!k, P.a, ard a.a. aa!y, D.a. vllt and t.B. 8r.n!n. 

1t34. coqEallv. ..lbttioD o! g€natlc 

ooLtM.nt. of cdtlnuou lEt rtlon ln ttElald 

cotton u.ing tm !DD!oach.. o! il1al161 

.Dltslt. €ot, tDtov., 11(21 !111-lla.

3't! 

volt€nok, F.v., t.B. sokolova, p. naaatv! lhit !.1. 

SydyLboatrha.va. 19a3, Ibheritan@ ot oll 

contenr ln th. ...d of cottoD and Fcslb!. 

retrlod ol .trtEtrclng ol this chdactr. s6t, 

skolbzyalat nnoy! Blologi@ 1:52-5?. (pl.Br. 

rb€t. 55(1) !r95i19a5). 

R.s., D,a. t.!aa!. Anil B.N. Danlya. 19?9. 

corr6l.tlorr lnd Path-.Datysl6 ot yt.td 

@DrEn.ht. 1n c.!r!9rg!D r,, r!d. J. Agrlc. 

sci. 49 (1) !32-3r. 

Llngr G.Y. ard X.E.Ll. 1991. c6.ttc Study ot @tton ....t 

qEllty tr.lts. lc!| tgriattrat aorollsinie. 

5 (2) !20-2{. (Pl. Br. Ab.t. 

$rng, x.D. l9aa. ch.ract€llsttcs o! yl6ld corpon€nt, o! 

Fr,E of lntr!.t.cMc hybrliL ol Uplahd cotton, 

ch1m @ttoE. 5,a-9. (Pl. Br. tbst. 

59(5):a99r;1139).

!44 

I{ang, X,D, .nd !t.J. P.n. 1991. Gen€tlo analy.t6 o! 

h.t6o3l. md Inbreeatl.g dapf...ion tn uplanrt 

cotron. Acta agronoeic. siDica. 17{1)313-23. 

(PI. B!. rb€t. 53(2):2053;19t3). 

rhlt6bous.r R.x.l|., it.B, thdien abd x,A.ll. Rlbelro. 

1953. Stuitier on th. b!..il1ng o! 6el! 

polrinlt.d cardl.. Iho ua6 o! dlallel doss 

!n.1!6I. in y1e1d E!€itlcu,on, Eupnyticr 

17 1141-L69. 

nh1te, T.c. 1956. Dlall€L anarysia ol quantlt.tlvety 

inhdlt.d cbara.tda ID g.blE$&$ L. ctoP 

Scl.5(31:253-255. 

fihlt., r.c,, and R.J. xob.l. r95a. a diall.l aEly.I6 ol 

.gEono!1c ch.FctsE j,n 3el.ct.d Un.a ol 

cotton. crop scl. 4!93) !254-25?. 

l.il.oht F.o. and 8.9. ceo!96. 1930, codrltrlng ablllty tor 

.gronoDlc and !lb!€ F!op€!tj,.. ln cotton 

.t@l€ t€3lstst to plnk bo1l von. clop 5c1. 

2O (5) r553-555.

1A 

345 

llll.on, F.D. .rxl it.l. L.. 19?6. I.t.r.t.tlorb1D amDt 

qr.nd ib.alty, go.Ei|pa1 contst and l'1nt lnal 

6e..1 charact.!. lD cotton. CroD Sci,. 

., 

16(5):l6o-a61. 

F.D. .nd l.L. {11.on. re75. l!o€d1.9 Dol6tl.L 

of rcn4rtiv.t il @ttou. I. aoD agro|elc 

and l1b!. propellles o! a.l6cted p.!.nts and 

tn€l! F1 bybrld., crop scl, rs(6):753-755. 

5Ln flArd, L.!.L. lnd N,R, u.tu. 1976. InllU6nca 

p.lc.ntag€ on y1€lit, borl anil 

ch.trsl€llBtlc h rcal! .tr.is o! 

@tton. croD 6cI. 15(41!59a-595. 

spland 

llri,ght, s. 1921. cotrt.tlon lhd caultlon, J. AgEic. 

Re6. 10r557-535. 

Zbou, l.I. 19a6. Stutly ot th. go.tlc. o! Em.cotuic 

cbd.ctc6 aDil corrotatlon. b.tr6.n tb€r l. 

uplanC ootton. act. A9rl.. uDlv. p.tlmnBl6, 

12{3).3la, 352. {Pl. B!. lb€t..5a15t.5227i

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