The Premier Magazine for Apple Computer Users

The Premier Magazine for Apple Computer Users 

TM 

VOLUME 4 NUMBER 3 APRIL 1983 $3.25

THE PROWR.ITER COMETH. 

(And It Cometh On Like Gangbusters.) 

Evolution. 

It's inevitable. An eternal 

verity. 

Just when you think you've 

got it knocked, and you're 

resting on your laurels, somebody 

comes along and makes 

a dinosaur out of you. 

Witness what happened to 

the Centronics printer when 

the Epson MX-80 came along 

in 1981. 

· And now, witness what's 

happening to the MX-80 as 

the Pro Writer cometh to be 

the foremost printer of the 

decade. 

SPEED 

MX-80: 80 cps, for 46 full lines 

per minute throughput. 

PROWRITER: 120 cps, for 

63 full lines per minute 

throughput. 

GRAPHICS 

MX-80: Block graphics standard, 

fine for things like bar graphs. 

PROWRITER: High-resolution 

graphics features, fine 

for bar graphs, smooth curves, 

thin lines, intricate details, etc. 

PRINTING 

MX-80: Dot matrix business 

quality. 

PROWRITER: Dot matrix 

correspondence quality, with 

incremental printing capability 

standard. 

FEED 

MX-80: Tractor feed standard; 

optional friction-feed kit for 

about $75 extra. 

PROWRITER: Both tractor 

and friction feed standard. 

INTERFACE 

MX-80: Parallel interface 

standard; optional serial 

interface for about $75 extra. 

PROWRITER: Available standard-either 

parallel interface 

or parallel/serial interface. 

WARRANTY 

MX-80: 90 days, from Epson. 

PROWRITER: One full year, 

from Leading Edge. 

PRICE 

Heh, heh. 

Marketed Exclusively by Leading 

Edge Products, Inc., 225 Turnpike 

Street, Canton, Massachusetts 

02021. Call: toll-free 1-800-343-6833; 

or in Massachusetts call collect 

(617) 828-8150. Telex 951-624. 

LEAD I MG 

EDGE: 

For a free poster of '/Ice" 

(Prowriter's pilot) doing his thing, 

please write us.

. ,.~, •Cl,ll.!Kl\_l,jQ.\ ... 

\I?.~ : !~l'l lli:,1~!1.~. ; :l'.t!'~ 

·~~ .~ IW!p .. ~ 

::£~~~~~~~~*'~~ 

da.AAl< 1t\MIAAl>~~ '·'" :!l."-\fl ·~:::~ 

ilM...t~~~ll!ftl.J>.w:111-,~• dlc:~11~ 

Insert pictures. graphics or spread-sheet data into reports. Duplicate 

form letters-automatically changing addresses on each. Now. all 

your programs can work together to produce printed output. 

Fo~ the first time ever. here is a buffer that not only frees your fast computer 

from your slow printer but also allows you to rearrange. compose 

and copy your data on its way to the printer. 

• Random Access Printing-stores paragraphs or pictures for printing 

in any order-any number of times. 

•FIFO Printing-conventional first-in first-out operation. 

• Compression of data for efficient utilization of memory sr:iace. 

• Ability to interrupt long-term buffer operations for straight-thru shortterm 

printing. 

• Simple Erase feature to clear buffer. 

•Automatic duplication capability. 

•Easily expandable, by you, from 8K Bytes to 128K Bytes. 

The IS Pipeline is Universal-it works with any parallel (Centronics • - 

style) computer/printer combination. A special version Is available for 

PKASO Printer Interfaces. 

The IS Pipeline is a self-contained unit with operating manual. cables 

and power supply included. 

For more information on the truly revolutionary IS Pipeline Random 

Access Printing Buffer, call us today. 

Interactive Structures Inc. 

146 Montgomery Avenue 

Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004 

Telephone: (215) 667-1713 

• Centronics is a trademark of Centronics Doto Computer Corp. 

The IS Pipeline Random Access Printing Buffer is patent pending.

TakE a bilE ... 

..::t: 

~ 

:w """ 

Pl 

lx1\ 11

COMPLETELY REDESIGNED. 

NOW, THE GRAPPLER+. 

The original Grappler was the first 

graphics interface to give you hi-res 

screen dumps from your keyboard. 

The new Grappler+ with Dual Hi-Res 

Graphics adds flexibility w!th a 

side-by-side graphics printout of 

page 1 and page 2. 

The Grappler+ can now be used 

with the Apple® Dot Matrix, 

the Okidata 84, and is Apple Ill 

compatible: In addition, the IDS 

Grappler+ is currently available 

with color capability, including 

color graphics screen dumps. 

UP TO 64K BUFFER OPTION 

An optional Bufferboard can now 

be added to all existing Grappler 

and Grappler+ interfaces. See 

your Apple Dealer for details. 

•Requires additional software driver. 

••Requires graphics upgrade. 

© Orange Micro, Inc. 1982 

ACTUAL APPLE II PR INTOUT USING GRAPPLER AND EPSON MX100. 

CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research, Inc. 

Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. 

THE GRAPPLER+ FEATURES: 

• Dual Hi-Res Graphics • Printer 

Selector Dip Switch • Apple Ill 

Compatible* • Graphics Screen 

Dump • Inverse Graphics • 

Emphasized Graphics • Double Size 

Picture• 90° Rotation •Center 

Graphics • Chart Recorder Mode 

• Block Graphics • Bell Control 

• Skip-over-pert • Left and Right 

Margins • Variable Line Length ~ 

• Text Screen Dumps • also works 

with Pascal and CP/M® 

THE GRAPPLER+ INTERFACES 

WITH THE FOLLOWING PRINTERS: 

• Anadex • Apple Dot Matrix 

• Centronics 122 • C. ltoh ProWriter 

• DMP-85 • Epson Series** •IDS 

460, 560, Prism 80and132, 

Microprism • NEC 8023 • Okidata 

Series**• Star Micronics Series 

• and many other printers 

llOrange ffiic_ro 

- inc. 

1400 N. Lakeview Ave., 

Anaheim, CA 92807 U.S.A. 

(714) 779-2772 Telex: 183511 CSMA 

Foreign Dealer Inquiries Welcome

A 

... ~ 

If youi- printer uses your Apple® 

· more than you do, 

you need The Bufferboarif. 

If your Apple is locked into the "PRINT" 

mode so much that you've taken up solitaire 

to kill the boredom, you need a 

buffer. And if your computer is the Apple 

II or III, the only buffer for you is The 

Bufferboard. Expandable to 64K of storage, 

The Bufferboard stores an instantaneous 

bucketful of print data from your 

computer. Then it feeds the data to your 

printer at its own printing rate. Your Apple 

is set free from drivirig your printer and is 

ready for more data from you. 

Take your existing interfaceand 

buffer it! 

Only The Bufferboard has a simple 

Interface-Docking System. No bulky boxes 

or expensive power supplies are needed 

because The Bufferboard fits right into 

your Apple-and docks onto your existing 

printer interface. The result is convenient 

and economical buffering of most popular 

printer interfaces, including the 

Grappler+ interface, Epson interface, 

and Apple printer interface. Thirty seconds 

and a single hook-up are all you need 

to end the printer waiting game forever. 

Up to 20 letter-size pages 

stored at a time. 

The Bufferboard comes standard with 

16K, and is expandable to 32K or 64K of 

buffering capacity with the addition of 

memory chips. This "bucket" will hold up 

to 20 pages ofa print job, allowing you 

freedom to use your Apple. 

The Bufferboard-designed 

exclusively for the Apple Computer. 

Specifications: 

• Versions for Grappler+ interface, Epson 

interface, Apple interface, and other popular 

printer interfaces• 16K buffer standard 

• Upgradeable to 32K or 64K • Automatic 

memory configuration • Automatic self 

test• Includes interface docking cable. 

The Bufferboard is made by Orange 

Micro, Inc. ; the same people who brought 

you the popular Grappler+ printer interface. 

Both the Grappler+ and The 

Bufferboard are now available at your 

local Apple dealer. 

Apple is a registered trademark of Apple, Inc. 

Epson is a registered trademark of Epson America, Inc. 

iiorange ffii~ro 

- inc. 

3150 E. La Palma #G, Anaheim, CA 92806 

(714) 630-3620, TELEX: TX 183511 CSMA 

For Apples and Printers 

© Orange Micro, Inc. 1982

' 

TEXTFILE 

Ah, yes. What's the story behind the " $650 Apple"? Well, we 

just couldn't resist that one, considering the month of this 

issue. With regret, we must add that the model depicted on our 

cover is no longer available-it's the Apple I, and that was its 

price range. Of course, you had to add a few little things, like a 

keyboard, power supply, case, stuff like that But you got a 

whole 8K of memory. Steve Wozniak has one on his office wall, 

labelled " Our Founder". 

Believe it or not, some Apple l's still exist out there, and they 

have become collectors' items. We're planning a " retrospec· 

tive review" of this product. If you have or had one, why not drop 

us a line and tell us about your experiences? There has to be 

some sentiment left around here someplace. 

For some more light reading this April, we offer a Sherlock 

·ian tale centering around a Magenta Apple, courtesy of Dan 

Wasleski and his nimble word processor. Then, there's a story 

on the up-to-date music of Herbie Hancock, using a plain beige 

Apple. 

On a more serious note, John Uhley takes us into the realm 

of direct disk access, and Apple Computer, Inc. President Mike 

Markkula takes time from his busy schedule to answer a 

question about the release of information about the inner 

workings of Apples. (Now, what gremlin put those two articles 

back to back, I wonder?) Neil Lipson brings us up to date on 

printers and buffering, the process whereby a printer can be 

printing without tying up your computer for what can seem like 

hours. Check out Neil's analysis of the CPS Myth too. 

In upcoming issues, we'll be looking at hard disks, structured 

programming, EXEC, new products, your own EPROMS, and 

much more. One more thing: we have received some letters 

from folks who have had difficulty in reaching or gaining 

satisfaction from some firms mentioned in Forbidden Fruit As 

the Users· magazine, we'd like to check these out more 

thoroughly. We'd also like to hear from you if you have had 

difficulties ... or if something turned out better than you 

thought it would. 

We did get some nice notes from individual subscribers 

about the plastic bags in which this magazine is mailed; one 

Californian said it was the only thing that survived the winter 

rains. Yes, it costs us a bit more, but that made it all worth while. 

And please note that there will not be a May issue of Apple 

Orchard; the next issue will carry the cover date of June 1983. , 

_ __ Voice Machine Communications Inc. __ _ 

VOICE INPUT MODULE 

for Apple II® 

' 

FEATURES 

No application programming necessary 

Near perfect recognition 98%+ 

Unlimited vocabulary using eighty word/phrase subsets 

Recognizes anybody's voice 

Multi- lingual recognition 

Allows simultaneous input of voice and keyboard 

DESCRIPTION 

~ 

, if~~ 

The VIM converts spoken words to commands or data for 

your application programs. The Voice Input Module has 

unexcelled spoken word recognition accuracy at an unmatchable 

price. 

For ordering or information contact: 

VOICE MACHINE COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 

10522 Covington Circle, Villa Park, CA 92667 

Phone(714) 639-6150 

APPLICATIONS 

The VIM is designed to add voice input 

to ANY existing Apple II application: 

• Word Processing • Programming 

• Data Input and Retrieval • Measurement, Inspection 

• Education 

and Testing 

• Business 

• Control Systems 

• Graphics 

• Games and Entertainment 

• Industrial Automation • Aid for Handicapped ~ 

VIM FOR APPLE II CONTAINS: 

Voice Input Module 2020C with: 

• 16 channel audio spectrum analyzer 

• 6803 high speed microcomputer 

• BK Bytes of RAM, 4K Bytes of ROM 

Voice Utility Diskette with: 

•Vocabulary builder/editor ·Recognition software 

• Prompting vocabulary trainer• Vocabulary tester 

Microphone, Users Manual, cables and connectors. 

PRICE: $825.00 

Mastercard Visa Accepted Dealer Inquiry Invited 

6 Apple Orchard

appla tach notas 

PRICE $64.95 

Postage and handling included. 

Allow 2-3 weeks for delivery. 

D 

California 

Residents add 

6-1/2% Tax 

($4.22) 

Check/ D Master D VISA 

Money Order 

Card 

Make Check/ Money Order payable to INTER 

NATIONAL APPLE CORE. Payment must 

accompany order and must be in U.S. funds 

and drawn on U.S. bank. 

MAIL TO: 

International Apple Core 

908 George Street 

Santa Clara, CA 95050 

NOW Available direct from International Apple Core 

or from your local Apple computer dealer 

Dealer's inquiries: Phone (408) 727-7652 

NAME __________________ _ 

ADDRESS _________________ _ 

CITY _ _____ __ STATE ___ ZIP ____ _ 

Interbank No. 

Credit Card Signature 

Card Expires 

INTERNATIONAL 

APPLE CORE

Vol. 4, No. 3 

Entire contents Copyright o 1983 

by International A pple Core, Inc. 

Peter C. Weiglin - Editor and Publisher 

Donna Caldwell - Managing Editor 

Ingrid Worthge - Art Director 

Nicole Lefcourt - Editorial Assistant 

Val J. Golding - Editorial Associate 

Contributing Editors: 

Mark L. Crosby - New Products 

"Dr. Wo" - Pascal/Languages Editor 

Neil D. Lipson, P. E. 

A. S. (Woody) Liswood 

Morgan P. Caffrey 

Jim Linhart - Miscellaneous Cartoonel)' 

Dawn Brown · Circulation Manager 

Karen Vanikiotis Zinsmeister - IAC Staff 

April 1983 

Bernie Urba n 

Jerry Vitt 

Harlan G. Felt 

Louis H. Milrad 

David Alpert 

Joseph H. Budge 

Ken Silverman 

Roger Keating 

A uby Mandel 

Wolfgang Dederichs 

Jerry Vitt 

Bob Sa nder-Cederlof 

Bernie Urban 

Robert Ra msdell 

James Simpson 

Stephen C. Lloyd 

James E. Hassler 

Barry D. Bayer 


Officers 

Chairman 

President 

Vice - President 

Vice - President 

Treasurer 

Secretary 

Executive Director 

Regional Directors 

(301) 229 - 3458 

(2 14) 369 - 7660 

(408) 574 - 521 1 

(4 16) 222. 8447 

(312) 648 - 4844 

(41 5) 342 . 1828 

(408) 727 - 7652 

P. 0. Box 448, Double Bay 2048, N SW Australia 

409 Queen St W., Toronto, Ont. Canada M5V 2A5 

A uf Dren hausen 2 4230 Hattingen, West Germany 

(Southern United States) (214) 369 - 7660 

(Southern United States) (214) 324 - 2050 

(Eastern United States) (301) 229 · 3458 

(Eastern United States) (6 17) 546-3104 

(Western United States) (805) 492 - 3391 

(Western United States) (415) 571 - 7370 

(Northern United States) (307) 632 - 4934 

(Northern United States) (312) 798 · 6496 

Advertising Representative: 

Jeffrey Ginsberg 

(213) 450 - 0056 

Address for all subscriptions, correspondence, 

advertising material, manuscripts, etc.: 

Apple Orchard 



(408) 727 - 7652 

APPLE ORCHARD (ISSN 0277 · 1950) is published nine times a yea r by the 

International Apple Core, Inc., 908 George St, Santa Clara, CA 95050. Second Class 

Postage pa id at Santa Clara, CA and ad ditional entry points. 

Subscription Rates: $19.50 for nine issues in theU. S.; $27.00 (US funds) in Canada, 

Mexico, and APO/ FPO addresses; and $36.00 (US funds) for addresses elsewhere. 

Committee Chairmen 

SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS: 

Co-ordinator 

Louis H_ Milrad 

Agriculture 

Susie Allen 

Apple /// 

Don Norris 

"Cale" Applications John C. Hunter 

Computer A rt 

Stephen W. Long 

Denta l 

Ellis D. Neiburger 

Education 

Ted Perry 

Family 

David Stern 

Games 

J im Eatherly 

Ham Radio 

James Hassler (WB7TRQ 

Investments 

John McMullen 

Languages 

Tom Woteki 

Telecom m unications Craig Vaughan 

COMMITTEES 

IAC Librarian 

Softwa re 

Standards 

Club Activities 

New Club Assistance 

Maj. Terry N. Taylor 

Dr. Charles Smith 

Mark Robbins 

Ransom Fields 

Karen Zinsmeister 

(4 16) 222 - 8447 

(408) 746 - 0636 

(4 15) 673 - 7635 

(4 16) 292 - 2590 

(705) 742 - 9872 

(312) 244 - 0292 

' (916) 485 - 1690 

(301) 881 - 2543 

(202) 232 . 6046 

(307) 632 - 4934 

(914) 245 - 2734 

(202) 54 7 . 0984 

(703) 47 1 - 0572 

(213) 372 - 4134 

(416) 297 - 3757 

(303) 755 - 6440 

( 4 15) 863 . 1 093 

(408) 727 - 7652

OJ(e,ye

NO POSTAGE 

NECESSARY 

IF MAILED 

INTHE 

UNITED STATES 

BUSINESS REPLY MAIL 

FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 1491 SANTA CLARA, CA 

POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE 

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"),APPIE Orchard 

---=-=- 908 George Street 

Santa Cara, CA 95050

-~----- V•AC LINE 

BATTERY.••••• 2 M.INUTES 

GUARDIAN ~GE& 

"1fi.LECTRQNICS, INC. 

COPYRIGHT © 1981 - PATENTS PE!"' DING 

. 566 IRELAN, BUELLTON, CA 93427 

(805) 688-2047 

SEE YOUR RH ELECTRONICS 

PRODUCTS DEALER 

FOR YOUR APPLE II*: 

SUPER FAN II'" ......... . .. .......... $ 74.95 

SUPER FAN 11'"/ZENER RAY'" ... .. . •... . $109.00 

SUPER RAM II'". ............ . $125.00 

RH 12 VOLT TRANSVERTER. . . . $149.00 

FOR MICRO COMPUTERS: 

GUARDIAN ANGEL'" . $595.00

DW Unlocked AP.Pie Utility Disks 

or-Don't Blow Your Bucks on Locked-UpUncopyableApple Software,1{] 

. .,__,Frame-Up · .... 4-.' FlexText ·· . 

HI-SPl!ll!ID Gl\APHICS DISPLAY 

BY TOii WJliBHAAll 

CREATE PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS of 

intermixed hi-res, lo-res and text frames. Easy-tou!IC 

and FAST- hi-res iDlllges ·load in 2 1/osecondsl 

Pllddles or Keyboardcadvance frames in 

forward or reverse. 

UNATTENDED SHOWS are possible with each 

frame indMdually pre-programmed to appear on 

the screen from 1 to 99 seconds. · 

TEXT SCREEN EDITOR letS you create your 

own b/w text "slides". Adfi type "live" from Uie 

ktjb9ard.cluring presentations if you want. 

DISPLAY MODULE: Send entire presentationson-disk 

to your friends imd associates. 

. FRAME-UP: $29.50 

(Includes Peeks/ Pok&s Chart) 

Apple Mechanic 

BHAn-WlUTllB/BYT.111-ZAP DISK 

BY BBllT KllBSl!JY . 

SHAPE EDITOR: Keyboard-draw shapes for hie 

res animation in your programs. Design proj>ortionally-s 

paced typefaces with · special 

characters. 6 fonts on the disk. ListablC demos 

show how to use f!hape tables to animate games, 

graphics and professlonal Charts & Graphs. 

. aYTE-ZAP: Rewrite any byte on a disk for repair 

or alteration. Load entire sectors on the screen 

for ins . pection. Hex/Dec/ Ascii displays and inp\it. 

Complete instructions for making trick file 

Jiames, restoring deleted files, etc. 

MORE: Useful music. text arid hicres tricks for 

your programs. Educational documentation. · 

APPi.i MECHANIC: $29.50 

(Includes Peeks/ Polces Ch.art l Tip Book#5) 

~'Typefaces 

J'OB. .APPLl!I llllCHAl'IIC: 

26 NEW FONTS for Apple Mechanic's Xtyper 

and Hi-Writer programs. Most are full 96-chai'acter 

fonts, large ~ small, of fully-editable characters. 

(Apple Mechanic ~uiredJ · 

. BEAGLE MENU: ti9e with your disks. Display 

only the filenames.you want (e.g, only Applesoft 

files or only Locked files) for one-key cursor 

selection/execution. Space-on-disk, catalog 

scan, opttonal sector-number elimination. 

1YPEFACES for _.ng1e MeChanlc: i20.oo 

(Includes Peelpost 

Run-number & Date fu programs, put invisible 

commands in programs, create INVISIBLE file 

names, alplu!betlze/store info ·on disk, convert 

decimal to hex or INl' to FP, renumber to 65535, 

append programs, dump text-screen to printer.;. 

MORE TOO: 21 Programs Total, a best-seUerl 

UTILITY CITY: $29.50 

(Includes Peeks/ Pokes Chart l Tip Book#3) 

. ~ ,JI., G08UB 114. 

10 FOR A= 1 TO 22: PRINT CHR$(ASC (MID$( 

" IJ- !IPX(T!ZPVS!T JTUFS@", A, 1))- A/ A); . 

20 FOR B = 1 TO 4: C = PEEK(49200): NEXT B, A 

DOS Boss 

DISK COIDlAl'ID l!IDITOB. 

BY BBBT KllBSH & JACK CASSIDY 

RENAME COMMANDS & ERROR MESSAGES: 

"Catalog" can be "C"; "Syntax Error" can be 

"Oops" or anything you want. Protect your progi"ams; 

unauthorized save-attempt can· produce 

"Not Copyable" message. Also UST~prevention 

and one-key program-run from catalog. 

CUSTOMIZE DOS: Change Disk Volume heading 

toyour message. Omit/alter catalog file codes. 

Fascinating documentation and tips; how's of 

juicy reading and Apple experiments. 

ANYONE USING YOUR DISKS (booted or not) 

will be formattirig DOS the wily you designed it. 

DOS BOSS: $24.00 

(Includes Peeks/ Pekes Chart a. Tip Book#2) 

TipDisk#l 

~..._~, ProntoDOS 

,...,. HIGH -iJPl!ll!ID DISK 'UTILITY 

. BY·TOll WllliBHAAll 

HIGH-SPEED DOSI Take a look- 

Functton . : . ...... . . .... ... . . ... . . . .. .... . Normal Pronto 

BWAD HI-RES IMAGE .. . .. . .... 10 sec. 3 sec. 

BSAvE HI-RES IMAGE .. . .. . ... . 12 sec. 6 sec. 

WAD 60-SECTOR PROGRAM ... 16 sec. 4 sec. 

SAVE 6i:>-SECTOR·PROGRAM . . . 24 sec. 9 sec. 

BWAD LANGUAGE CARD . .... . 13 sec. 4 sec. 

TEXT FILES .. .. . ... .. .. . . . . . ...... . (no chazteel 

BOOT J'RONTO-DOS or anyupdatednormal-3.3 

disk. Create new ProntoDos disks with the normal 

INIT command. ProntoDos is compatible with 

ALL DOS COMMANDS and performs normally 

with almost ALL· programs, including Copy A. 

MORE DISK SPACE: ProntDos frees-up 15- 

extra-se

Pla11ti114 

a SEEd ••• 

The Changing Clima.te 

A recent estimate places the number of companies making 

microcomputers at about 150. Some of them are making 

machines which are " compatible" with the Apple II. Some 

others are " IBM PC lookalikes". And still others are CP/ M 

based Z80·family machines, not necessarily compatible with 

either of the two large firms' products, and not necessarily 

desiring to be so. 

With the anticipated 1983 market for such computers 

estimated at more than $6 billion (yes, billion), ifs not suprising 

that many firms (and, presumably, some more in the planning 

and formation stages) would be seeking a share of that market 

Just design a technically superior machine, and the market 

awaits. 

Well, no. That may have been true three or four years ago, 

but not today. One stark fact will help to clarify this: one " small" 

firm will invest more than $6 million over two years to market its 

already-developed small computer. We are now light-years 

beyond the " garage startup" stage, where two guys could rub a 

couple of chips together and make some money. 

When you get down to it, only one computer company has 

made the transition from startup to Fortune 500 size: Apple 

Computer. And some giant companies who attempted to enter 

the market have stubbed their toes quite badly. The name of 

the game today is marketing; big-buck, sophisticated marketing, 

if you're selling computers. This is no longer a friendly, 

grass-roots, "hobbyist" market, and it will be even inore 

competitive in years to come. 

Indulge me in an analogy if you will. Remember the auto 

industry? In its pioneering days, more than 300 companies at 

one time or another produced one or more automobiles in 

places as diverse as Oakland, CA, Indianapolis, IN and 

Pottstown, PA The survivors were not necessarily the best 

technologically, or the most dedicated. The survivors were the 

best organized, the best financed, and the best marketers. 

Many knowledgeable insiders ascribe General Motors' domestic 

pre-eminence to their having built up an outstanding 

independent dealer network (no mail order), beginning in the 

1930s. Read fvly Years With General Motors, by Alfred Sloan 

for some related insights on development and refinement of a 

new technology, and its exploitation in the marketplace. 

That process will continue to occur in the microcomputer 

market, because it is part of human nature that it occur. By 

1990, maybe by 1985, a few large firms will dominate. The 

process will take less time than it did in autoland, because all 

things are accelerating. Even the force ambiguously known 

as the Japanese Problem is happening faster in computers 

than in automobiles. 

It's almost impossible to believe that Apple Computer will 

not be one of those U.S. large companies. To the chagrin of 

many hobbyists, that company' s focus has turned toward the 

mass market, and away from the technological high. The 

consolation is that those who have purchased and will 

purchase Apples have reason to feel good that their machines 

will not become orphans. 

April 1 983 11

Use of the Disk 11 Interface Card 

Through Your Own Software 

by John Uhley 

This is the first of a series of three articles which will discuss 

several techniques used in accessing the Disk fl Interface Card. 

The routines discussed in these articles will enable a pro· 

grammer to access the Disk II without the use of Apple DOS or 

Apple RWTS. This article will introduce the programmer to one 

method of accessing the Disk II Interface card and develop 

several routines to position the disk drive's magnetic head 

across the surface of the diskette. 

Each of the eight slots in back of the Apple computer is 

allocated 16 memory locations for 1/0 control. Some of these 

memory locations act as softswitches (software switches) and 

perform a predefined hardware task when addressed by a 

software routine. Other 1/0 memory locations are used as 

wormholes through which data can enter or exit the computer. 

Most of the Apple's I/ 0 is done on page $CO of memory. The 

following table illustrates the range of memory reserved for 

each slot's softswitches. 

In the table below 'S' represents one of the 16 softswitches of 

the specified slot 

SLOT SOFTSWITCH X·REG 

COMMAND 

0 s $00 LDA $C08S,X 

1 s $10 LDA $C08S,X 

2 s $20 LDA $C08S,X 

3 s $30 LDA $C08S,X 

4 s $40 LDA $C08S,X 

5 s $50 LDA $C08S,X 

6 s $60 LDA $C08S,X 

7 s $70 LDA $C08S,X 

Depending on the actual card placed in a given slot the 16 

softswitches will perform a different function. This article will 

only discuss the effect of these 16 softswitches on the Disk II 

Interface Card. The table below illustrates the functions of each 

of the softswitches. 

SLOT 

0 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

LOCATIONS 

$COBO· $C08F 

$C090 · $C09F 

$COAO · $COAF 

$COBO · $COBF 

$COCO · $COCF 

$CODO · $CODF 

$COEO · $COEF 

$COFO · $COFF 

One common method of accessing softswitches through 

software is to use the Apple's indexed addressing mode. By 

adding various values to the address of a slot zero softswitch it 

is possible to change the addressed slot by altering the index 

register alone. For example, if a program wanted to access the 

softswitches of the card in Slot3 the following method could be 

used: 

LDX #$30 ; (select slot 3) 

TURNON LDA $C089,X turn on disk drive in slot3 

RTS 

and return 

Using this technique the same routine can access any slot's 

softswitches by changing the value in the X·register: 

MEMORY LOCATION 

$COBO+ SLOT 

$COB1 +SLOT 

$COB2 +SLOT 

$COB3 +SLOT 

$COB4 +SLOT 

$COB5 +SLOT 

$COB6 +SLOT 

$COB7 - SLOT 

$COBB+ SLOT 

$COB9 ·SLOT 

$COBA +SLOT 

$COBB+ SLOT 

$COBC +SLOT 

$COBD +SLOT 

$COBE +SLOT 

$COBF +SLOT 

FUNCTION 

Phase 0 off (positioning) 

Phase 0 on (positioning) 







Power Down (drive off) 

Power Up (drive on) 

Select 1 (select drive 1) 

Select 2 (select drive 2) 

Read switch 

(1/0 wormhole) 

Writeswitch 


Clearswitch 


Shiftswitch 


(SLOT refers to the index value needed to access the 

softswitches of a given slot As shown earlier, this value is equal 

to that slot number times 16.) 

LDX #$60 

JMP TURNON 

; (select slot 6) 

; turn on disk drive in slot 6 

; using the same routine 

The following routines demonstrate some of the techniques 

used to activate or deactivate a disk drive. Each time a new disk 


drive is activated it is necessary to wait for the drive' s motor to 

reach operational speed. One suitable delay loop is illustrated 

by the "MWAIT' subroutine. 

The first eight softswitches are used to position the disk 

drive' s magnetic head above the physical tracks of a diskette. 

These softswitches are used to rotate a motor which moves the 

magnetic head back and forth along the surface of a diskette. 

By rotating the motor in a clockwise direction the magnetic 

head is moved towards higher numbered tracks. Conversely, 

counterclockwise rotation forces the magnetic head towards 

**'**'********'**'************ 

·; 

~ 

:I ROUTINE TO TURN ON [il~lVE 1 * 

4 • * 

5 '****'''**'****'*************' 

6 SLOT mu $0001 

7 IJA IT mu $0002 

8 DISKON EllU $C089 

9 DRIVE A mu $C08A 

10 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

11 • * 

1 ·1 

~ 

* 

SET SLOT EQUAL TO SLOT 6 • 

13 • * 

14 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

/000 : A9 60 15 L[IA tlt60 

?002: 85 01 16 STA SLOT 

17 ***''**'*****'*********'''*''' 

18 

* • 

19 * TURN ON THE DISK IIRIVE ANII 

* 

20 

* SELECT [IRIVE A :1< 

21 

* • 

22 ***'''**'''''''*************** 

/004: A6 01 23 L[IX SLOT 

/006: BD B9 co 24 LIIA DISKON,X 

/ 009: [l[I BA co 25 LM ItRIVEr~,x 

26 *******''********'*********'** 

27 • • 

28 • IJAIT FOR [IRIVE TO POl.JER UP :t. 

29 

* * 

30 ********'*''*'*'*****''*''**** 

?OOC: A9 EF 31 HIJAIT LDA tl$EF 

/OOE: B5 02 32 STA IJAIT 

/010: A9 DB 33 LDA t1Hl8 

7012: 85 03 34 STA WAIT+1 

/014: AO 12 35 111.JAITA L[IY U 12 

/016: BB 36 HIJAITB DEY 

?0 17: [10 FD 37 BNE HWAITB 

/019: E6 02 3B INC 1.JAIT 

/01B: [10 F7 39 BNE Hl.JrHTA 

/01[I: E6 03 40 INC IJAIT+1 

/01F: DO' F3 41 BNE MWAITA 

?021: 60 42 RTS 

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

2 * 

3 

* ROUTINE TO TURN ON ItlUVE 2 • 

• * 

5 **********''''''*'****'*''**'* 

6 SLOT EflU $0001 

l IJAIT EOU $()0(12 

B [l!SKON EOU $C089 

9 DRIVEB EOU $C08B 

lower numbered tracks. Figures A and B illustrate the concepts 

discussed in these paragraphs using simplified models. 

Figure C shows a magnetized needle surrounded by four 

electromagnetic poles. By magnetizing one of the four poles 

the needle is forced to ' point' towards that pole. By magnetizing 

and demagnetizing the poles in a given order the needle can be 

made to spin in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction (see 

figure D). 

By replacing the needle with a motor and the poles with 

software controlled electromagnets (numbered 0, 1,2,and 3) a 

model of the disk drive' s positioning motor can be visualized 

(see figure E). 

10 ''*****'*''*''*'*'*'*'***'**'' 

11 * 

12 SET SLOT EQUAL TO SLOT 6 • 

13 • 

14 ·············•**'*'''''''''*'*' 

/000: A9 60 15 LDA 11$60 

/002 : 85 01 16 STA SLOT 

17 ********''''''''*'*****'****** 

18 * 

19 TURN ON 20 • THE DISK SELECT DRIVE Ai~D DRIVE 21 B ' 

* * 

22 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

?00 4: A6 01 23 LDX :3LOT 

/006: Bit 89 co 24 LOA OISl

0 

0 

3 

Figure A 

2 

0 

3 

0 

2 

Figure C 

Figure B 

14 A PP I e Orchard

0 ---> 2 

Phase 0 

0 

----' 

, 

, 

magnetic element of motor 

·I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

3 

Phase 3 

c:::J 

Phase 1 

c::::i 

0 

13 

2 

Phase 2 

0 

Figure E 

0 ( 2 

3 

0 2 

3 

Figure D 

Each of the eight softswitches used in positioning the 

magnetic head actually activates or deactivates a specific 

phase of the positioning motor. By addressing these softswitches 

in a specific order the motor can be rotated and the 

magnetic head positioned bad~ and forth along the surface of a 

diskette. 

The following table illustrates the function of each of the 

eight 'positioning' softswitches. Note that SLOT refers to the 

index value needed to access the softswitches of a given slot. 

MEMORY LOCATION 

$C080 +SLOT 

$C081 +SLOT 

$C082 +SLOT 

$C083 +SLOT 

$C084 +SLOT 

$C085 +SLOT 

$C086 +SLOT 

$C087 +SLOT 

PHASE 

FUNCTION 

0 Turn phase 0 off 

0 Turn phase 0 on 

1 Turn phase l off 






April 1983 15

When positioning the magnetiC: head via software, it is 

necessary to wait for the positioning motor to physically move 

to an activated phase before that phase is deactivated. For 

example, in order to 'pulse' phase 0 of the positioning motor 

the following routine might be executed. 

LSX 

LDA 

LDA 

LDA 

JSR 

LDA 

RTS 

#$60 

$C081,X 

#$56 

$FCA8 

$C080,X 

; (select slot 6) 

· · turn on phase 0 

wait for motor to move 

to the phase 

before deactivating phase 0 

and returning 

The position of the tracks recognized by Apple DOS does 

not correspond to the phases of the positioning motor in a 1: 1 

ratio. Instead, the correspondence of DOS tracks to phases is 

in the ratio of 1 :2. All even numbered tracks are positioned 

"under" phase 0 and all odd numbered tracks are positioned . 

"under" phase 2. When positioned on phases 1 or 3 the disk 

drive' s magnetic head is positioned over a half-track (much like 

a car driving in two lanes). Half-tracks are not used py Apple 

DOS although some protected software makes use of them. 

The phase to which a DOS track corresponds qm be 

calculated by multiplying the DOS track number by two (using 

the ASL opcode). This value represents the number of phases 

that must be pulsed from phase 0 (of track zero) in order to 

reach the specified DOS track 

The following routine can be used to position the disk drive's 

magnetic head over any physical track of a diskette. All DOS 

track numbers must be multiplied by two to account for the 

unused phases (half·tracks). Access to half tracks can be 

accomplished by setting the least significant bit of the multi· 

plied track number to 1. If you don't know the current track 

number you must recalibrate the magnetic head to track zero 

using the "RECAL" routine provided. 

000: A9 

002: 85 

004: A9 

00 t.. ~ 8 ~ 

80 

04 

00 

n ~ 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

1 0 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

1 9 

20 

~, 1 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

2? 

28 

29 

30 

\1 

32 

!008: 4C 00 08 33 

--- END ASSEMBLY 

fOTAL ERRORS: 00 

11 BYTES OF OBJfCT CODE 

WERE GENERATED THIS ASSEMBLY . 

********* *******************'* 

* • ROUTINE TO POSITION FROM * 

* ANY TRA CK TO TRACI{ ZERO * 

* RE CALIBRATI ON ROU TINE * 

* * 

*I*** SI I* I·;.* S '''* *** 'l"t'*'t.'I'**** 'f.* > 

CURTRK EDU 10 004 

DESTRK EQU S0005 

POSIT!ON EQU SOBOO 

****'************************* 

SET UP "CURTl~I{ " $ "ItESlfW." * FOR THE RECALIBRATION * 

·········••****'************** 

REC AL LDA #$80 

ST1~ CURTRf( 

I.DA 

**~ on 

STA OE ST RI< 

'**'******************'******* 

* CALL PO SI TION TO 00 IH E * 

• DIRTY WOR K... * 

NOTE: THE POSITION ROUTINE IS ASS UMED TO BE ORG ' EO AND OBJ ' D AT * 

* MEMORY LOCATION 1800 * 

* 'I' 

****************''*******''*'* 

JMP POSITION 

-, 

~ 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

/000: A9 60 33 

/ 00::' : 85 01 34 

35 

36 

J? 

:.38 

39 

*******************'**'*****'* 

R Q~TiN E TO POS TTTnN FROM * 

* "CURTRK" TO "ItESTRI{" ,;. 

* * 

• 

• fiEMEHBEfi I I I CUIHF:h MW * 

DESrnl< l\EFEI\ * 

TO PH1~SES... t 

1~CTUAL DOS * 

* 

• 

* 

THACl

004: 

?006: 

/ 009: 

?OOC: 

?OO E: 

/010: 

?012: 

-'O 1 4: 

/0 16: 

7017: 

?019: 

/01 B: 

/01[1: 

/OlF: 

M 01 40 

BD 89 CO 41 

BD BA CO 42 

A9 EF 43 

85 02 44 

A9 [18 45 

BS 03 46 

AO 12 47 

88 48 

DO FD 49 

E6 02 50 

DO F7 51 

E6 03 52 

[10 F3 53 

54 

cc 

JJ 

56 

57 

MWA! TA 

HWAITB 

LD X 

LOA 

LOA 

L Or; 

STA 

LDA 

LOY 

[ij:y 

BNE 

INC 

BNE 

INC 

BNE 

SLOJ 

(I] '.3 1< 01~. ' 

DI~ [\,IE A, X 

UEF 

I.J r~ IT 

U(l8 

IJt"~ TT ·+-1 

101 2 

Ml.JAlTB 

l~AIT 

1~1.JA IT A 

WAIT+! 

MIJAITA 

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

• * 

i CHECK I BRANCH ON CUR IRK- * 

• DESTRK RELATIONSHIP 

/ 04"' 

/045 : 

/ 048: 

/04A: 

/04 [1 : 

103 

1 04 

105 

106 

107 

1 08 

10 9 

4C 21 70 111 

112 

113 

11 4 

115 

116 

A6 01 117 

Bf! 88 CO 11 8 

60 119 

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

* ,. 

* TURN OFF PHASE IALWA YSJ & t 

LOOP BACK TO CHl:CK ON NE W * 

* CURTRK -DESTRK Rl:LATIONSHIP • 

..................,........... 

l DA 

JMP 

F'HS OFF, Y 

1~A IN LOOP 

' ** ** *******'**'************** 

* 

•ALL DONE ... QUIT 

' 

ALLD ON E LD X 

LM 

ins 

:3LO f 

tqsf'.OFF,l 

102i: A5 04 

/023: C5 05 

/0?5~ FO 21 

/027: 90 07 

/029: BO 00 

59 

6(1 

61 

62 

63 

64 

65 

66 

67 

68 

MAIHLOOP LDA 

C1~P 

BE1] 

BCC 

BCS 

CURTRK 

ItESTRK 

r;Ll_O ONI: 

MO '! EIJP 

110\IEDOWN 

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

* 

t HOVE DOWN TO LAST PHASE 

· ~: 

* 

69 ''**************************'* 

/02B: C6 04 70 HOVEDOIJH DEC CURT Rf( 

7620: 4C 32 70 71 

JM 1:· DOWORf; 

72 ••••••,.,••••••••••••••••••••• 

/030: 

?032: 

?OJ4: 

?036: 

/03/ : 

/ 039: 

/ 03A: 

/ 03[1: 

/03F: 

73 

74 

76 

E6 04 7? 

?8 

7 9 

80 

81 

82 

83 

A5 04 84 

2'1 03 8'..) 

Or~ 86 

87 

88 

90 

91 

05 01 92 

AB 93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 

B9 81 CO 100 

A9 56 101 

20 AB FC 102 

* 

' 

MOVE UP TO NE XT PHASE 

• 

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

HOVEUP I NC CURTRK 

*******'*****'**************** 

* , 

.• COMPUTE PHASE NUMBER 

* FROM THE "NEW" CUl~TRI< * 

' 

'*. **.''. * * ***''''*****'.*'' ****** 

DOWDRK LOA CURfRK 

AND MS03 ;0-3 PHS 

1~ S L ;·$0-S? 

············~····· ·· ·· ···· ···· 

* • 

* GFT TNDF XJNG FOR CUR SlOTM • 

* • 

'''*'***'*'************* ***~·· 

ORA 

T Al' 

SLOT 

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

• 

* TURN ON PHA SE TO MOVE I t 

IJAIT FOR PH YS ICAL ACTION 

• * 

******** ***·~~ :~-~*:l: :k*:~ : l·t · t·t * : ! : · J : t : t 

LDA 

LM 

JSI;: 

PHSON, Y 

U56 

HONl.IM T 

• 

t 

··-- END A.SS EHBl.Y 

TOTAL ERRORS: 00 

78 BYT ES aF ORJ > ~T rnoF 

ll>t;:E GENERATED THI S ASS EM BLY. 

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April 1 983 1 7

An Extra 3746 Bytes in Apple Pascal 

by Allen Munro and Mark C. Johnson 

The Apple Pascal system makes efficient use of the limited 

memory available tb it in a 64K microcomputer system. 

System features such as Segment Procedures, which swap in 

program portions from disk when they are required, permit 

large programs to be written and executed on small machines. 

When an application requires a great deal of memory, there are 

several standard system features that the programmer cah 

apply to squeeze the mai

Two utility functions perform type conversigns in this 

program. lnttoptr takes an INTEGER parameter and returns a 

pointer. Function Ptrtoint returns an. INTEGER when given a 

pointer parameter. 

In this example, the local variables of procedure subprocedure 

are dynamically allocated storage space as SUBREC. 

Each time subprocedure is called, it first checks to see whether 

there is adequate space on LOWHEAP. If there is not, the 

storage is assigned to HIGH HEAP. The state of the two heaps at 

the time a procedure is invoked is stored as OLDLOW and 

OLDHIGH. When the procedure terminates, it restores the 

heaps to their old states, thus freeing storage space for use by 

coordinate level procedures using the same storage technique. 

Statements that refer to the variables in SUBREC should be 

in the scope of a Pascal WITH statement Most kinds of 

variables can be accessed straightforwardly in this manner. 

One exception is loop control variables (the index in a FOR 

statement). Such variables should therefore be declared 

normally, as some enumerable type, such as INTEGER. 

The example in Listing 2 includes recursive calls of Procedure 

subprocedure. The output of this program, given in 

Output 1, shows that successive calls of subprocedure result in 

successive allocations of storage for SUBREC on the appropriate 

heap. The MEMA VAIL printed on the first line of Output 1 

gives the number of words available before subprocedure is 

first called, according to the standard UCSD Pascal memavail 

function. This value does not include the hidden stora~e 

available on LOWHEAP. Subsequent references to "words 

available" in Output 1 include words still unused in the lower 

heap area and above the HIGHHEAP. The output shows that the 

first two invocations of subprocedure scarcely affect the 

memory available in the higher area, because all local storage 

for these invocations fits on LOWHEAP. When this lower heap 

area is used up, the third allocation of local storage is 

automatically made in the higher heap area. 

The dualheap program of Listing 2 performs no real 

function other than to illustrate the principles of automatic 

allocation of heap space. Subprocedure is largely a shell that 

monitors heap allocation only. In a program that makes 

practical use of this technique, the application-specific code 

within such a procedure would appear within the scope of a 

WITH statement such as WITH SUBRECf DO . . . 

In using a dual heap technique such as that demonstrated 

here, it is very important that the programmer ensure that each 

procedure which dynamically allocates storage for its local 

variables releases that storage before terminating. This means 

that it is good practice to avoid the use of EXIT to leave a 

procedure or function that uses this method. Instead, all 

termination paths should lead to code that releases the marked 

local allocation before completing the procedure. 

The approach sketched here is not in philosophical accord 

with the principles of structured programming that Pascal so 

naturally expresses. It is implementation-dependent; clearly, 

the magic memorylocation4446 (startlowheap) may change 

if Apple releases a new version of Apple Pascal. It requires that 

the applications programmer have some understanding of the 

messy details of memory allocation. No one should do this if 

they can avoid it But it is certainly nice to be able to use those 

extra 3746 bytes to accomplish something that couldn't be 

done otherwise. 

PROGRAM TESTMEM1; 

BEGIN 

WRITELN (MEMAVAIL); 

READLN 

END. 

Listing lA. 

Find the maximum amount of memory available when 

Turtlegraphics is not used. If swapping is on, 20408 

words are available. 

PROGRAM TESTMEM2; 

USES TURTLEGRAPHICS; 

BEGIN 

WRITELN (MEMAVAIL); 

READLN 

END. 

Listing lB. 

Find the maximum amount of memory available when 

Turtlegraphics is used. If swapping is on, 10621 

words are available. 

April 1983 19

Listing 2. 

A demonstration of the use of two heaps for maximum memory 

utilization in Apple Pascal. 

PROGRAM dualheap; 

USES TURTLEGRAPHICS; 

CONST startlowheap 

startscreen 

TYPE HEAPPTR= AINTEGER; 

= 4446; 

= 8192; 

VAR LOWHEAP,HIGHHEAP: HEAPPTR; 

SCREENSIZE: INTEGER; 

outfile: TEXT; 

{first available location below screen} 

{start of screen memory } 

{Global heap pointers } 

{number of bytes used by screen} 

{ address to integer } 

FUNCTION ptrtoint(ADDR: HEAPPTR): INTEGER; 

VAR X: RECORD CASE BOOLEAN OF 

TRUE: (POINTER: AINTEGER); 

FALSE:(INT INTEGER); 

END; 

BEGIN 

X.POINTER:=ADDR; 

ptrtoint:=X.INT; 

END; 

{Turn argment into an address} 

FUNCTION inttoptr(I: INTEGER): HEAPPTR; 

VAR X: RECORD CASE BOOLEAN OF 

TRUE: (POINTER: AINTEGER); 

FALSE:(INT INTEGER); 

END; 

BEGIN 

X.INT:=I; 

inttoptr:=X.POINTER; 

END; 

PROCEDURE subprocedure(INVOCATION: INTEGER); 

TYPE SUBRECTYPE = RECORD 

R1: ARRAY[1 •• 750] OF INTEGER; 

{and any other variables desired} 

END; 

VAR OLDLOW,OLDHIGH: HEAPPTR; 

SUBREC: ASUBRECTYPE; 

BEGIN 

WRITELN(outfile); 

WRITELN(outfile,'IN subprocedure, INVOCATON ',INVOCATION); 

{ use local ptr vars to save heaps on entry 

OLDLOW:=LOWHEAP; 

OLDHIGH::HIGHHEAP; 

WRITELN(outfile,'SIZE OF SUBRECTYPE=',SIZEOF(SUBRECTYPE),' bytes.' ); 

IF ptrtoint(OLDLOW)+ sizeof( SUBRECTYPE) < startscreen THEN 

BEGIN 

WRITE(outfile,'In subprocedure, there is room in lowheap.'); 

RELEASE(OLDLOW); 

NEW (SUB REC) ; 

MARK( LOWHEAP ); 

{memavail doesn't know we can't use memory from 

start of screen to true heap, so subtract it} 

WRITELN(outfile,' words available=', 


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(Listing 2 cont.) 

memavail- (ptrtoint(HIGHHEAP)-startscreen) div 2 ); 

END 

ELSE 

BEGIN 

WRITE(outfile,'In subprocedure, no room in lowheap. Must use highheap.'); 

RELEASE(OLDHIGH); 

NEW ( SUB REC ) ; 

MARK( HIGHHEAP ); 

{memavail cant see space in lowheap, so add it} 

WRITELN(outfile, ' words available=', 

memavail + ( (startscreen-1) - ptrtoint(LOWHEAP) ) div 2 ); 

END; 

WITH SUBRECA DO 

BEGIN 

{ Main body of procedure SUBPROCEDURE 

within scope of WITH SUBRECA 

• 

END; 

{call inself to demostrate stacking in heap} 

IF INVOCATION>1 THEN subprocedure(INVOCATION-1); 

{ Leaving subprocedure, so restore HEAPPTRS to free up memory } 

LOWHEAP:=OLDLOW; 

HIGHHEAP:=OLDHIGH; 

END; {subprocedure} 

BEGIN 

initturtle; 

REWRITE(outfile,'PRINTER:'); 

WRITELN(outfile,'MEMAVAIL=',memavail); 

{set lowheap ptr } 

LOWHEAP:= inttoptr(startlowheap); 

{set initial heap, after TURTLEGRAPHICS moves it} 

MARK ( HIG HHEAP) ; 

{find memory lost to screen} 

SCREENSIZE:=ptrtoint(HIGHHEAP)-startscreen; 

WRITELN(outfile, 1 LOWHEAP STARTS AT 1 ,ptrtoint(LOWHEAP)); 

WRITELN(outfile,'HIGHHEAP STARTS AT 1 ,ptrtoint(HIGHHEAP)); 

WRITELN(outfile,'SCREEN MEMORY ( 1 ,SCREENSIZE,' bytes) IS FROM 1 ,startscreen, 

' TO 1 ,ptrtoint(HIGHHEAP) ); 

subprocedure(3); 

END. 


MEMAVAIL::8852 

LOWHEAP STARTS AT 4446 

HIGllHEAP STARTS AT 16384 

SCREEN MEMORY (8192 bytes) IS FROM 8192 TO 16384 

IN subprocedure, INVOCATON 3 

SIZE OF SUBRECTYPE=1500 bytes. 

In subprocedure, there is room in~lowheap. 

words available=9963 


SIZE OF SUBRECTYPE=1500 bytes. 

In subprocedure, there is room in lowheap. words available=9201 


SIZE OF SUBRECTYPE:1500 bytes. 

In subprocedure, no room in lowheap. Must use highheap. words available=8438 

Output 1. Output from the program in Listing 2. 

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of Southern Pacific Communications Co., a Southern Pacific subsidiary. Apple Wiie and Apple III are registered t.rademarks of Apple Computer Corporation. 

2190 Paragon Drive, Sanjose, CA 95131408/946-7400

Why Apple Doesn't Tell All 

by A. C. 'Mike' Markkula 

President, Apple Computer, Inc. 

One of the questions we're often asked is "Why doesn't 

Apple release more information on the details of hardware, 

software, and their interfaces?". 

First, I don't know of any company that has released as much 

of that kind of information as we have. Th~ Apple II and Apple 

11 I Reference Manuals contain a great deal of information that 

other manufacturers haven't released. As another example, 

John Crossley of our staff wrote an article on Applesoft entry 

points to various routines resident in the Apple II, which was 

published in the Apple Orchard. The International Apple Core 

and the member clubs have also used other ways to disseminate 

information about how to "get around" inside the Apple 

products. 

But there are some things that we haven't released, ahd we 

think there's a good reason for that It goes way beyond 

proprietary information, secrecy, and all of that Any information 

that we release on the internals of hardware, of software, 

and on the interfaces, carries with it a double-edged sword. On 

the one hand, some people may be able to do a few rncire 

things iii using Apple computers. But those things may cause 

trouble for them down the line. 

Simply, the problem is updates. Let's say we make every 

scrap of information available, about the Apple I I/' s SOS, and 

a programmer at. a software company gets in there and 

modifies SOS, and publishes a piece of software that depends 

on that modification. So far, so good. But we want to continue 

to improve SOS, and we put out a neVv'. version. Let's say that in 

making the improvement, we've changed something that 

obsoletes that software. The guy that loses is the customer, 

because he's locked into an older SOS, or his copy of the 

software product doesn't work correctly. 

That's a problem we wrestle with all the time. We keep 

hearing that another large computer manufacturer plays that 

obsolescenc~ game with a certain amount ot relish; announcing 

and introducing upgrades that make present software 

obsolete. That may be. But at Apple, we're very niuch 

concerned that the information we do publish is used properly, 

and that we don't create that kind of trap for other individuals 

and companies who write programs to be used on our 

equipment 

The I I e is another example. One of our prime concerns in 

developing the new model was to make sure that there is 

compatibility with existing Apple II software. We spent many 

hours testing software, and working with the software develop· 

ers to make sure that we maximized compatibility. What we 

found was that, in large part, those few pieces of software that 

work on the Apple II but not on the I I e involved their going into 

some routine at other than one of the entry points which we 

published. 

We have a commitment to those other folks in the Apple 

world not to create an obsolescence that would harm them. I 

know that some people think we're tight with some of our 

information because of this. It's not that we don't want people 

to know, it's because we don't want people to use that 

information, and get into trouble. And that's why we give so 

much thought to what we do publish, and how. 

t.i 

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4-- 

0 

iii' 

Recognize some of these "key" 

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now the Enhancer II has given them all 

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The Enhancer II uniquely gives your 

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can be remembered 

by the 

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called up at the touch 

of a single key. 

Besides that, the 

Enhancer II gives your Apple II typewriter 

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only will you recognize all ci """ 

the characters; you'll positively 

rejoice at having 

upper and lowercase letters, 

auto repeat, shift and shift lock 

again! The Enhancer II also has a typeahead 

buff er of 128 characters, so you 

can keep sending messages to your 

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something else. 

And if you want to meet even more new 

characters, the optional Function Strip TM 

will introduce you to 16 brand-new keys 

across the top of your keyboard which 

are yours alone to define. (These characters 

will never get mixed up with characters 

from the keyboard!) 

We may be prejudiced, but we 

think you're going to like these new . 

"key" characters from Enhancer II. In 

fact, we'll bet that once you've seen 

them perform, they'll become the 

stars of your screen. 

897 NW Grant • Coivallis, OR 97330 

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The Enhancer II and Function Strip can be used with any Apple 

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Apple and the Apple logo are registered trademarks of Apple 

Computer. Inc. 1

Review: 

Superplotter 

by Woody Liswood 

Copyright © 1982 

Published by: 

Dickens Data System 

4 78 Engle Drive 

Tucker, Ga 30084 

( 800) 241 . 6753 Ext. 503 

Cost: $69.95 

Superplotter is a graphics program that generates various 

types of plots: lines, curves and text. The program creates pie 

graphs, bar charts, point and line graphs. It also displays, 

graphically, any of the mathematical functions found in 

Applesoft. 

Other goodies include the ability to edit the Hi· Res screen by 

adding text using their graphics screen text editor. Superplotter 

also includes a tutorial that explains how to use their shape 

tables in your own programs. 

The documentation is OK. It is understandable and contains 

some addenda which help explain some of the features. 

In using the program, however, I did find it necessary to call 

the Dickens folks about a few of the program's functions. They 

were very helpful, returned calls promptly, and were able to 

answer my questions. (We'll cover the content of the questions 

during the review). 

The program is menu·driven. It is fairly "user-friendly". 

However, it does have some special features fqr which you 

must watch out, or you may become quite frustrated. Once 

those features become known, you can plan around them, 

although I would rather have better documentation which 

would explain the workings of the program before I tried to use 

it, rather than try to figure them out after I was involved with the 

program. 

Here's one example. You can enter data for some of the 

graphs through a data entry program, or let the program query 

you during the set·up phase for the graphics. What is not 

apparent is that if you enter your data in the data entry mode 

and save the file, you don't have to re·enteryour data if you blow 

the graphic. If you let the program query you for your data 

points, and make a mistake like forgetting to put the title on the 

graph, then you must re·enter the query points when you 

reformat your graph. Not a big deal, but a small irritation which 

should have been covered in the documentation rather than 

discovered duririg a trial and error process. 

The program is unprotected. Dfckens suggests in the 

documentation that you might want to add a menu item to 

load, run, or whatever, your own particular version of a graphics 

screen dump. I did that, and found that to make their menu 

look the same, I also had to move around some of the text 

located at the bottom of the screen. There was no problem, It 

only took about two minutes to add a menu item to GOTO a 

subroutine containing a menu which allowed me to dump the 

current Hi·Res screen through my Grappler board. 

The Exec Program 

There is also an 'EXEC' program on the disk that goes 

through the menu and uses the functions of the program. This 

is a good tutorial. However, a word of caution. When you EXEC 

the file, it moves so fast you really can't see or understand 

anything. There is a way around this problem. Set the speed of 

your Apple to about 125, then EXEC the demo program. What, 

you say, is speed. Well, you can control the rate at which the 

Apple places goodies on the screen. If you want to slow it down, 

boot the program. Exit into BASIC. Type 'SPEED = 125' and 

«RETURN». Now EXEC the demo program and you can see 

what's happening. To me, this small bit of advice should also 

have appeared in the documentation. 

Pie Graphs 

The first menu item is for PIE GRAPH GENERATION. When 

you choose that item, you are given a series of commands. The 

program uses two-letter commands in its various menus to 

guide you. They make sense and the operation works. " Tl" is 

always Title for the Graph. "SD" gets you to the data entry 

section. Then an " ED" lets you use Data that you already 

entered through the data entry main menu section, or a "DS" 

will let you enter your data sets interactively. (Watch out: if you 

enter interactively, you lose the data if you go back through the 

menu and would need to redo the graph). 

You can select a PIE with or without filling. " EX" executes the 

menu option. In this case, it generates your pie graph from the 

previous options you selected. This pie graph generator 

worked faster, better, smoother and looks as good as any other 

pie graph maker I have used. 

After you generate your graphic, any key returns to the main 

menu. When you are at the main menu, pressing «ESCn will 

always show you the contents of the current Hi· Res screen. 

Bar Graphs 

The Bar graph generator works well, but does some strange 

things that are not mentioned in the documentation. (This is 


the part of the program that I called Dickens about.) You can 

label the bar graph with a "Tl" . You can enter data with a " DP" 

(after a DP you must pick a " DS" or an " ED" for interactively 

entering data sets or using data that you already entered 

through the editor). The X axis is labeled with an " XA" 

command. The Y axis is labeled with the " YA" command. 

(However, if you plan on adding text to the graph with the 

screen edit do not, do not, put a Y axis label on the graph with 

this function. If you do, you will not be able to move your edit 

cursor past the Y axis without wiping out some of the data and 

ruining the entire project. Again, something that should be 

mentioned in the documentation.) You must give a range to 

the Y axis using the "YR" command. The X axis will automatically 

set itself based on the input data. 

Another problem here. The program will handle up to 25 

bars. If, however, you input X axis data the program will garble 

the X axis labels when it tries to have numbers under each of the 

bars. A call to Dickens brought this solution. Do not inputX axis 

values when you enter the data. The data is usually entered in 

X, Y sets. Like" 1,3''. If you just enter the Y value, like" ,3", then 

the program will not have any data to try to scale onto the X axis. 

You can then use the screen editor to place any X axis labels 

you want. But, remember, if you labeled your Y axis, you can't 

get the cursor down to the X axis to place the label. If you need 

to enter your X axis label, you must also remember not to label 

the Y axis. Once you have figured all this out, the program is a 

snap. It just takes a while to understand what it is trying to do, 

and Dickens is a great help in giving you information. 

Polynomial Cuivefit 

The program also generates a least squares polynomial 

_cuivefit based on your X and Y values. The maximum number 

of input points is 99 and the largest N you can have is 9. This 

29.95 

• Allows PFS users 

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PFS DATA FILE 

• Displays PFS forms as 

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• Many options available for 

the extract process. 

• May be extracted on a 

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• Requires Apple II* DOS 3.3 with 

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DIF OR TEXT FILE OUTPUT 

• Adds a new dimension to 

Visicalc* and PFS~ 

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* Visicalc, Trademark of Visicorp; Apple II, Trademark of Apple Computer, 

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April 1983 27

part of the program works. I tested it by generating a second 

degree polynomial curve fit through a 42 item maturity curve. 

What can I say? I got the same curve that another curvefit 

program gave me. I will not take up review space discussing 

regression analysis. Part of the analysis gives you a scatter 

diagram. 

Keyboard Image Shape Table Tutorial 

This is text display which tells you how to use the shape 

tables utilized by Superplotter in your own programs. This was 

interesting to me. Although I don't have a particular need for 

this feature, the author of Superplotter is saying that you don't 

need to reinvent the wheel. If you purchased this program, and 

you need to use shape tables for Hi·Res applications, just 

download off the disk and go ahead and use them. 

Graphics Disk Storage 

This section of the menu allows you to save any Hi·Res 

picture you have created as a standard 34 sector binary picture 

file. It also allows you to enter any other standard file into the Hi· 

Res screen area so that you can address it with the screen 

editor. 

Data File Editor 

The next menu item is the Data File Editor. This is the editor 

which allows you to create and reuse data sets for all the other 

functions of the program. It contains a moderately complicat· 

ed set of editing commands. They work well; I had no problem 

with the editor. 

Overlays 

The program allows you to overlay bar graphs and point 

graphs. When you activate the overlay menu item, the next set • 

of input data does not require X axis or Y axis labels. 

Screen Editor 

I saved the best for last. This menu item lets you put text on 

the Hi· Res screen at almost any location you desire. I use it to 

create overhead projector slides for presentations. Another 

problem here: the documentation assumes that you will always 

be editing a graph that was already created and loaded into the 

Hi· Res area. Therefore, there is no provision for you to clear the 

Hi· Res screen to use it just for text. What to do? Well, go back to 

the main menu and exit the program. Then type HGR 2. This 

clears page 2. Then type RUN. You go back to the main menu. 

Then enter the screen editor and there you are, a blank slate 

just waiting for those words. · 

EVALUATION: This is a good program. It does what it says it 

wants to do. I was notable to bomb it during normal use. It does 

take a few minutes to get used to, though, and the documenta· 

tion could be a little better. But, if you need a program to 

generate these types of graphs, you can't go wrong. I would 

have this program in my library of business software just to get 

the screen editor. It saved me the cost of the program the first 

time I created 3 overhead slides in less than 15 minutes when it 

would have normally taken about 2 hours using our old 

methods. 

Response to Review from manufacturer. (edited somewhat 

for brevity) " ... We feel that you have given us a 'thorough 

going·over'. We acknowledge isolated deficiencies in the 

manual. We are planning a review to incorporate your recom· 

mendations along with some other comments and improve· 

ments in our next version of the Superplotter and its manual. 

··we would appreciate your passing along the following: 

"We do not consider the writing of software a static process 

and are always interested in any comments or input that our 

users care to give us .... We believe in backing our product, 

and are ready to offer whatever assistance or guidance our 

customers need ... 

THOUSAtllS OF DOLLARS 

OUER OPTIHISTIC 

TAR6ET UAl..UES -> 

28 Apple Orchard 

BARS 

Example of Superplotter 

•

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Review: 

ZOOM GRAFIX 

by Woody Liswood 

Copyright © 1982 

Published by: 

Phoenix Software, Inc. 

64 Lc:ike Zurich Drive 

Lake Zurich, II 6004 7 

(312) 438 " 4850 

Price: $39.95 

This is one of those programs that you need to own. It 

prints either Hi-Res screen in any proportion with almost 

any combination of printer and controller cards. 

The first time you boot the disk, you are shown a variety of 

printers; select yours. You are then shown a variety of 

interface cards; again, select yours. The program also 

works with the special graphic boards that already contain 

on-board software to cause Hi·Res pictures to appear on 

your printer. I checked the program out with two of those 

boards, the Grappler and the PKASO. Both of those boards 

worked well with Zoom Grafix 

Why, you ask, would you want Zoom Grafix when you 

already have the on-board software? Well, for ease of use, 

the on· board cards work fine, but they typically don't give 

you the editing capabilities that Zoom Grafix does. T ogeth· 

er, the Graphics dump boards and Zoom Grafix give you 

almost unlimited capability when it comes to working with 

and printing the Hi·Res screens. 

You are asked whether you want to make these selections 

your normal defaults or do you just want to test them (or use 

them for this work session only). 

With this disk, you can go from printer to printer and not 

have to buy another graphics print program. I use it with an 

Apple // / and a Qume Sprint 9 printer hooked up to the 

Apple /// Serial port No problems. I also tested it with a 

Epson MX.·80 printer and Epson and TYMAC parallel cards 

(in addition to the two special cards mentioned above); also 

no problems. 

The program boots by first displaying the Page One Hi· 

Res screen and asking if this is the screen to be printed. If 

you say no, then it shows Page Two. If you say no again, it 

asks for the name of the picture file on your disk or if you 

would like to see a catalog of the disk The program then 

shows you the 34 sector picture files on your disk and asks 

which to load. 

Then the main menu asks a series of questions. You can 

accept all the defaults and go immediately to print your 

picture. 

First, you can decide whether you want the white dots to 

print as white or black on your printer. 

Then you can rotate the picture from horizontal to 

vertical. 

Then you can set the size of each dot This is probably (to 

me) one of the most valuable features of this program. You 

can print each dot on the screen as one dot on your printer. 

Or you can print each dot as wide or as high as you wish on 

your printer, such as two dots high and three dots wide. This 

lets you scale your pictures to fit your intended need. I find it 

very useful for creating overhead projector charts. I use a 

program called Superplotter to write characters on the Hi· 

Res screen. Save the picture. Then rotate the picture and 

print it two tall by one wide using Zoom Graphics. It makes 

good slides and takes only 1/ 5 the time as when I created 

slides using a Kroy machine, and I don't have to spend $12 

on rolls of tape. 

Back to the program. You can then set a "Zoom 

Window" into your picture. You can specify the coordinates 

(top, sides, and bottom) so that you can print only a portion 

of your screen. (this is probably the second most valuable 

feature of the program). The screen is 280 dots across and 

192 dots deep. As you choose your parameters, the screen 

shows you the window you are creating. If you make a 

mistake, just respecify your coordinates. No problem, no 

sweat, works great 

You can set the left margin for your paper so that you can 

print your picture on any part of paper you need. 

You can then set your print width. This depends on the 

printer, the paper, and how much expansion you are going 

to do with the other options. 


New Book 

ITS JUST GREAT 

~ 

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Dateline: California, 

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J. R. Programmer, bit diddler and 

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J. R. looked everywhere in his local 

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TM APPLE and APPLE 11 Trademarks of APPLE Computer Inc.

There is a delay feature. Y ~u ca~ specify a tim~d delay 

after printing each line. This allows your printer to cool off 

before printing another pass. · 

You can also change your printer/ interface configuration 

without having to reboot the disk. 

Formfeeds and/ or linefeeds can be sent from the 

keyboard to your printer so that you can advance paper 

between pictures without touching your printer controls. 

A feature which 1 really, really liked was how the program 

handled the screen while it was printing. After you instructed 

the program to print the picture, the screen inversed 

(each white dot becomes black and each black dot 

becomes white), then as the program evaluates and prints 

each line, the screen is put back to normal, line at a time, at 

the same time it is printing that line on your paper. Neat, 

Huh? 

ESC stops print You can then quit the program or return 

to the main menu. 

A fantastic program. Works great If you are looking for a 

good graphics print program, you would be pleased. If you 

are like I am, with machines in different locations (home 

and office), each with a different printer and interface, then 

this pmgram is a necessity, unless you like to purchase 

different programs for each combination of printer and 

interface. 

The documentation is adequate for the task. The program 

is self-explanatory and the responses you must make 

make sense in the context of the menu items. 

One criticism; the program is copy protected. 

This version of ZOOM GRAFIX supported the following 

printers: 

Anadex 9000 

9001 

9500 

9501 

Data south DS-100 

Diab lo 

Epson MX 70 

MX 80/ w graftrax 

MX 100 

IDS 225 

440G 

445 

460 

560 

MP! 88g_ 

NEC PC-8023 

Okidata 82A / w Okigraph 

83A / w Okigraph 

Prism 80 (m_onochrome) 

132 (monochrome) 

Pro· writer 

Qume 

Silentype 

Spin writer 

Starwriter 

Xerox 

In addition, the following interfaces were supported: 

Apple Centronic 

Communication 

Parallel 

Serial 


Super Serial 

Silentype 

III RS 232 

CCS 7710A (serial) 

7720 

7728 

Epson APL 

Grappler 

LS. EP· 12 PKASO 

K·T Parallel 

MC CPS Parallel 

Serial 

MP! Auto· Plot 

SSM AIO Parallel 

Serial 

Tymac 

VERSAcard Parallel 

VERSAcard Serial 

The latest release also states that it supports line printer 

mode graphics for TEXT-ONLY printers. 

Readers' Comments 

We have received one letter which stated that Phoenix will 

exchange earlier versions of ZOOM GRAFIX for a small 

service charge. We were quoted $7.50. 

You can also talk, by SMAIL (assuming that you have a 

membership in The Source) with TCCl 02 which is Ron 

Unrath of Phoenix Software or TCP831, which is Dave 

Holle, the author of ZOOM GRAFIX Both, are ready to help 

you with your questions, and would probably find it 

interesting to hear about your experiences and uses with 

ZOOMGRAFIX 

A Graphics Sample 

•

--=- ~ - == - - - 

Introducing D,ataFax '~ .. the ee1sy 

way to · tame your Data M.onster: 

If you deal with information, 

you're probably dealing with a 

Data Monster. 

He's that mass of notes. 

Scribbled messages. Phone 

numbers. And all the thousandand-one 

other important 

pieces of information you have 

floating around your life. 

But with DataFax from Link 

Systems, you can keep your 

Data Monster under controlplus 

have a lot more power 

over your information than you 

ever thought possible. 

Unlike most "data manager" 

software programs made for 

your Apple, DataFax doesn't 

care what your data looks like. 

Or how long it is, how many 

items it has or what you want 

to do with it. 

The power we've programmed 

into DataFax makes 

it as simple and natural to use 

as a pencil and paper. You can 

fill up a screen with anything 

you want-even information 

already stored on disk. Then 

cross~reference it as many different 

ways as you'd like~by a 

date, a species, a customer's 

name, whatever. 

So when you need that information, 

DataFax will retrieve it 

in a way that's meaningful to 

you. The powerful keyword 

function allows you to get information 

out as quickly and · 

easily as you entered it. And 

DataFax is the only software of 

its kind to let you expand .from 

floppy to hard disks, so it will 

never pe obsolete. 

If getting so Qo\afax '" 

mu~h power for · ('(\ed ~el 

so little effort \~,~.:: 

seems too good ::;~> 

to be true, send ~/ /,' ' .~ . 

us the cou- · 

pon and we'll 

send you all 

the det.ails. 

Or see 

LIN 

S ...,. s· ·y·.·e. m· . s· . 

Because whether you've got 

a monster of a data problemor 

Justo small one-DataFax 

can tame it. ·· 

r------------, 

1 I want to tame 

1 my Data Monster.'" 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

D Please rush me more information. 

Apple II __ Apple Ill __ 

D Dealer inquiry. 

D Senq me (quantity)__ 

DataFax'" for the Apple II at $199 

each. CA residents add 6% tax. 

Shipping in U.S.A $3.00 for first 

copy, 50¢ each additional copy. 

I Foreign, please add an additional 

, 1 $10 shipping and handling 

--::J.::7 ' charge per order. · 

.;;;q Payment by 

. D VISA D MasterCard D Check 

L. i Credit Card# ______ _ 

lftl'I~ , , Expiration date _____ _ 

,,.,,,_~·· "' Interbank #(MC only) ___ _ 

Signature ________ _ 

Name _______ _ 

Company ________ _ 

Address _______ _ 

City 

, ~/!. ~~ - ---- ----- 

. ' ~ State Zip __ _ 

~ Mailto , t~~~sr~:~~t~.eet 

~ I Santa Monica, CA 

~ 90404 

TM~ ______(2132_ 453-185.!J 

Apple is a registered trademark 

of Apple Computer Co .. Inc. 

Simply powerfui software 

that links it all together ... 

© 1982 Link Systems Inc. ·

Herbie Hancock Jazzes Up Apples 

by JudyAnn Christensen 

"We made the terminal by taking a 

Z8000 single-board computer and 

building interfaces for each synthesizer's 

keyboard," continues Bryan. "The 

Apple computer controls sound selection 

on each keyboard - this way we 

can be much more flexible. We can 

make sounds from many more instruments 

since each keyboard is capable 

of simulating 16 different instruments 

and 160 sounds from each instrument. 

Besides, Herbie can't extend his arms to 

reach all those keyboards!" 

According to Bryan, Herbie's most 

powerful use of the Apple computer is 

for composing. Herbie did a little spontaneous 

composing at NCC AlphaSyntauri' 

s Steve Leonard simulated an 

organ base line on the synthesizer, then 

overdubbed tracks of synthesized snare, 

brass, strings, and xylophone sounds, 

and stored them on the Apple computer. 

Then Herbie began to jam. To round 

out the composition, he improvised an 

electric piano solo. Under the NCC's 

bright lights, Herbie's fingernails glistened 

as they danced across the keyboard. 

"Each time I use them, I get more of 

what I want from my synthesized keyboards," 

says Herbie, smiling as he 

rotates the alphaSyntauri's Pitchbend 

to sustain an especially funky note. 

"When I play a synthesizer, I'm able to 

create my own instruments. I have as 

large a range as my creative mind will 

allow." 


" Before I had an Apple II, I was playing 

from ten to twenty different keyboards 

per song to achieve the sound I wanted," 

says jazz recording star Herbie 

Hancock 

" After I got my Apple computer, I 

hooked all my synthesizers to it, connected 

it to one keyboard (the Eu 16 

polyphonic keyboard), and created a 

device that switches between the synthesizers. 

Now, I can get the range of 

sound that I want from one keyboard." 

Traveling light and playing heavy jazz 

is Herbie's style. His backup musicians 

didn't come along last June when he 

played the Astrohall during the National 

Computer Conference (NCC). Instead, 

Herbie played his alphaSyntauri® synthesizer 

connected to an Apple com- 

puter,just as he will on an upcoming 

concert tour. For the last three years, 

Herbie has been using an Apple computer 

in the recording studio, especially 

for the "Monster" and "Mr. Hands" 

albums, as well as for numerous other 

functions. 

An engineering major in his first two 

years at Grinnell College, Herbie is a 

vanguard in bringing electronic music 

to jazz. Synthesizers are a natural evolution 

of Herbie's interest in electronics 

and his musical talent In 1971, Dr. 

Patrick Gleeson played one on Herbie's 

" Crossing" album. Herbie was so impressed, 

he learned synthesizer technique 

from Gleeson and played one on 

his 1973 " Headhunters" album. 

l 

SIMPLIFY TE 

COMMUN I ISNS I 

WITH HE--

It was his keyboard engineer, Bryan 

Bell, who first introduced Herbie to 

Apples. Formerly employed by the rock 

group Earth, Wind, and Fire, Bell had 

used Apple computers while program· 

ming flashpots to erupt into leaping 

flames on stage. 

Computer Connections 

The two highly·creative engineers are 

constantly experimenting with new, 

harmonious, computer connections, 

such as hooking several synthesizers to 

one Apple computer. "Most synthe· 

sizers are microprocessor· based," says 

Bryan. " To communicate between 

them, we had to develop a micro·based 

terminal." 

Bryan agrees. He points to the flexibil· 

ity the computer has added to Herbie's 

compositions - such as automating 

his arrangements of soundtracks. 

" Herbie interfaces the Apple to a video 

synch code which, in turn, memorizes 

cues and times them to the video," says 

Bryan. 

" For example, let's imagine that 

Herbie is composing around video of a 

car crash. He can play background 

music until the crash, hit the space bar 

to see the time of the crash then pro· 

gram the system to recall the car crash 

sound at that point." 

Futuristic Feats 

Recent developments in software allow 

Herbie to perform musical feats that 

never were possible before. " In order to 

compose on a synthesizer, you have to 

split the keyboard into isolated parts 

and keep the ranges of each part separate, 

" explains Herbie. " That means I 

couldn't multi-track both background 

and foreground music without record· 

ing over one or the other. Now I can 

easily multi·track using the whole keyboard 

for any s.ound I want with alpha 

Syntauri' s Metatrack'"." 

" Also, before I didn't have a metro· 

nome on my synthesizer - which 

meant it wasn't very forgiving of my 

imperfections," continues Herbie. 

" Now with the alphaSyntauri I have a 

metronome, allowing me to make more 

fluid musical digressions. I've always 

been very interested in the texture, 

colors, and dynamics of sound, and, 

using a digital synthsizer, I can make my 

own sound wave forms-sign, triangle, 

and pulse waves. Since it's digital, I can 

easily mix and manipulate my sounds." 

The system is also stimulating 

Herbie's compositional creativity. 

"Herbie has been playing the piano for 

33 years, so it's easy for him to be 

.inspired to compose. Because he also 

uses his Apple computer as a musical 

data base, at the touch of a key it 

records the actual notes he played. Best 

of all, Herbie doesn't constantly have to 

· stop to write down his notes," says 

Bryan. "Additionally, we break down 

each song he records by sounds so 

Herbie can re.create them or compose 

new songs based on a sound that 

inspires him - months or years later." 

This sort of cataloguing is no small 

chore. Duplicating one sound may require 

several synthesizers and special 

effects patched together in several different 

combinations. 

"We can actually file through record· 

ed sounds, splice them up, and play 

them on a studio fidelity synthesizer 

when we go on tour," adds Bryan. " This 

means that on the road we can almost 

duplicate the effects we get in the 

studio." 

Out of the studio, the Apple compu· 

ter works overtime in the office. Herbie 

uses a modem to communicate with 

the office while traveling; word processing 

software to write contracts and 

correspondence; and VisiCalc to man· 

age his music publishing company, do 

budgeting for his road bands, and 

manage his incredible schedule. 

With time, Herbie says that his system 

will continue to evolve. " I haven't even 

scratched the surface, yet." 

*Metatrak is a trademark of Syntauri Corp. 

*alphaSyntauri is a registered trademark 

of Syntauri Corp. 

• 


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Print Buffers and the Pipeline 

by Neil Lipson 

This article will deal with some of the aspects of printers that 

really have never been fully discussed. These are print speeds 

and print buffers, both software and hardware. Print buffers that 

were available until December 1982 were fairly straightforward, 

but all that has changed now, as we shall see. 

First, let's discuss what a print buffer is; it's a device or 

program that can store information sent out from the computer 

and hold it until the printer has a chance to print it For 

exam pie, if you want to print a file from a word processor, and 

you give the command to print, the computer is capable of 

sending information much faster than the printer can process 

that information. This is why we also must discuss printer 

speeds when discussing buffers. Normally the output from the 

, computer can go from 15 CPS (characters per second) to an 

approximate maximum of about 2000 CPS. Therefore, if our 

printer can only print 80 CPS, the computer periodically sits 

and waits until the printer is ready for the next batch of 

characters. 

That means that you, operating the computer, also sit and 

wait until the printer is completely finished before you can do 

anything else. A buffer is like a storage or surge tank for 

information; the computer fills it, and then goes on to other 

things while the printer works simultaneously. The accountants 

will regognize the process: FIFO, or " First-in First out". 

That frees up the computer much sooner, depending on how 

fast the printer prints. 

With a peripheral hardware board, it's possible to provide 

that storage tank, to hold and forward information coming out 

of the computer into the printer. Some software houses have 

devised software programs that to the same thing, using a RAM 

memory expansion card as the buffer. Some examples of this 

are the spoolers (which is another word for print buffer, 

presumably derived from the action of unreeling characters 

like removing thread from a spool) in Screenwriter II and 

Diversi-Dos, or DoubleTime. We'll look at software spoolers 

later. 

The hardware buffers have evolved phernomenally; the 

latest one available is from Interactive Structures; in my 

opinion, it obsoletes many of the existing hardware buffers. 

They call it the Pipeline, and one of its features is called 

" random access printing", which means pulling certain pieces 

of information from the buffer to print at certain places in the 

printing process. In short, it goes beyond FIFO. This buffer also 

has print compression, so the apparent size of the buffer can be 

from 2: 1 to about 8: 1 in practicability. 

The Pipeline 

The Pipeline is from Interactive Structures. The cost of the 

buffer ranges from $230. for 8K to $440. for 128K. Their 

address is: Interactive Structures, Inc. 146 Montgomery Ave. P. 

0. Box 404 Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004. 

This one looks like the buffer to end all buffers. Their buffer 

does three major jobs: 

1. Buffering 

2. Print Compression 

3. Random Access 

Print Compression 

Print compression is a way of " compressing" the data. For 

example, let us say we have a Hi-Res graph that is mostly empty 

space. If we save that picture on a normal disk, it takes up about 

34 sectors. However, if we remove the blank sections by first 

encoding and then decoding, it may only take 3 sectors. This 

theory applies to print compression. Therefore, it is possible to 

get a 10 to 1 compression ratio, which means that a 128K 

buffer can appear to contain about 1 megabyte of data. The 

same applies to text (but to a lesser degree). If there are 

duplicate characters, we can compress, so the efficiency of the 

buffer goes up, in some cases dramatically. 

Random Access Printing 

You may wonder what Random Access Printing is, as this 

was only invented, to my knowledge, late in 1982 by Joe 

Willson, Ph.D, president of Interactive Structures. The device is 

patent pending. What this can do is combine text, graphics, 

spreadsheet outputs or anything else with simple routines all in 

one buffer. Therefore, I can load in my data files of 1000 

names, 30 pictures, and 7 letters, and plug name 1, picture 4 

into letter 5 as I see fit Needless to say, this dramatically 

reduces the " thinking" the computer has to do. What Interactive 

Structures tried was a 60 second " dump" to the buffer with 

RAP (random access printing), and the printer went for 9 

hours! It is therefore possible in the near future to run dozens of 

printers from one computer by merely dumping and then 

electronically switching outputs keeping all printers printing 

continuously. It stores the information in what IS calls " buckets". 

You then call for the bucket by name print in any order. A 

simple concept that no one has though of before until Joe 

Willson came along. The Pipeline has three modes, the 

Bypass mode, FIFO mode, and RAP mode. The bypass mode 

does exactly what you would expect, which is bypassing the 

buffer completely. The FIFO mode (first in, first out) acts as a 

reservoir accepting the data at high speed and then sending it 

to the printer as fast as it will permit The RAP mode is the 


intelligent processor that selectively prints what you want, 

where you want it To start up everything, you press the erase 

and interrupt buttons on the Pipeline at the same time and 

everything is initialized properly. The installation of the Pipeline 

is easy and is shown in diagram below: 

PLUG 

THIS INTO 

110 VAC 

OUTLET 

PLUG THIS IN 

AS SHOWN 

THIS PLUGS 

INTO YOUR 

PRINTER 

· . STRIPE ~. 

l 

~~---~ 

YOUR PKASO CABLE 

(NOT INCLUDED WITH PIPELINE) 

There is al~o a "universal model" that goes between any 

Centronics type printer and any computer. 

The Pipeline will wait until its memory is fulll in the normal 

mode. So there is, in effect, handshaking (the printer and 

computer making sure that the other is ready to send or 

receive, rather than a blind output of data.) However, in the RAP 

mode, you can only put 10 pounds of sugar in a 10 pound bag, 

so plan ahead. If you want to put more in the buffer than it can 

hold, it can easily be expanded with the cheaper64K chips. The 

chips need not be the automatic refresh variety (the more 

expensive variety) which saves you, the consumer, some 

money. At this writing, the 64K chips can be purchased as 

cheap as about $7, so expanding the buffer costs beans. The 

rate at which the indicator blinks is an indication of what is 

going on, and it is extemely easy to spot the differences (3 

times per second is the RAP mode, and a steady glow is the 

Bypass mode. At a glance you know exactly what is happening. 

It is even possible to turn off the computer while the printer is 

printing. The Pipeline has its own power supply, and as long as 

you remember to switch to the Bypass mode, the printer will 

print away until the buffer is empty, or until it has completed the 

instructions you gave it The only aspect of the Pipeline that 

you must learn is the RAP mode, which is not difficult, but must 

be thought out Once you have determined what goes where, 

you define what goes into bucket A, B, C or whatever, and the 

commands look like @6C, which m eans print bucket C. All the 

commands are explained in detail in the m anual and many 

examples are given (which is great for me as I'm a slow learner). 

All of the setup commands can be given in a small program. 

You can send the RAP output to the printer to check out the 

format 

April 1983 39

The Pipeline manual even goes into some tricks to speed 

things up. For example, if 'you are using a particular bucket 

frequently, it would be wise to place it first in memory. There are 

even some special unpµblished features. For example, if you 

print a letter, and after you are finished, you wished you had 4 

more copies, do the following: Flip from the FIFO to the RAP 

mode, and push the interrupt switch. Your printer will continu· 

ously start re·printing the letter over and over until you stop it 

This is entirely intentional, and is a very nice feature. The reader 

should be warned about some of the ads for other buffers. One 

manufacturer says his puffer will speed up the computer. Well, 

if you believe that, I have some swamp land in Santa Clara to 

sell you. NOTHING will speed up the printer or the computer, 

but the way the ad reads, some inexperienced individual would 

think it would. Be careful about some of these claims, and 

know the company you are dealing with. 

I gave the buffer a real workout, and with the way I was 

flipping swithes on the printer, the buffer and the computer you 

would think I was playing " Beat the Clock" I was trying to try 

every feature in a ten minute time period. (Neil likes to simulate 

the most common approach used by new so~ware or 

hardware buyers; he's not really that w ay . . . - PC\,V,) So, a 

word to the wise: Sit down, relax, read the manual and don't 

rush it Rushing gets you nowhere. 

Some interesting results that I timed were that a large Hi· Res 

picture dump from the PKASO card takes about 24 seconds, 

and the small Hi-Res pictures takes about 20 seconds to load 

into the buffer. This is because the PKASO card is generating 

the dumps and this takes time. I tried a machine language 

dump, such as this: CALL-151, 0000. BFFF and «RETURN"· I 

put the printer off/ select, and let the buffer fill up, to see where it 

would stop. Well, it stopped at location 7868, which is about 

right when you think that each memory location requires three 

characters to print (the two byte representation and the space), 

which filled all of my 128K. One side note: during the test I 

used up quite a bit of paper, so take my word on most of these 

points. The Pipeline manual is well documented with plenty of 

charts and diagrams. The buffer opercited perfectly and it 

performed up to rriy expectations. I am looking forward to other 

new products from this company. · 

A Foxy Software Spooler 

Diversi·Dos is a program m arketed with the m ost unusual 

approach I have seen. The author says to copy the disk and give 

it to everyone you know. If you like the program, you send him 

$25. At first, I thought this guy was crazy. Well, he's as crazy as a 

fox. I cannot tell you how many people have been ripped off; 

separated from hundreds of dollars for software that the 

dealers would not let them see, and then would not run 

properly when they tried it on their computers. Ironically, m ost 

of my friends tha t have tried this program have gladly sent in 

the $25 to get the validation sticker, and are pleased with the 

programs many features (which will be discussed further in a 

future article). The program is worth 10 times the selling price. 

It is available from: DSR, Inc. 5848 Crampton Ct Rockford, IL 

6 1111. 

The program d.oes many things, however I will discuss only 

the print buffer portion of it The software uses your RAM card 

as the. buffer, as long as it is not used for som ething else. Of 

course, this buffer will not work on all programs, but will for all 

Applesoft programs, as well as m any others like Applewriter. 

If you have a 128K RAM card, you can use it as a 128K print 

buffer! The buffer program first asks you certain questions as 

to what kind of printer card and RAM card you have, and what 

slots they are in. After answering all the questions, you BSA VE 

the buffer program and you're done. Then just BRUN BUFFER 

The buffer utility will disable the software features on the 

printer card, so there will be some things that you will not be 

able to do as normal. however, for most applications and will all 

custom software that you do yourselves, it is the greatest thing 

since sliced bread. 

It only buffers and does not have any of the fancy features of 

the big electronic hardware buffers, but is worth the price. INIT 

and CHAIN are disabled, but the program provides some 

pokes to do many other features. The software works with just 

about every card on the market and there are even advanced 

programming tips. Once you activate the buffer, and the 

printer starts printing, it acts exactly like a hardware buffer; and 

as long as you do not turn off the computer, the printer will 

continue printing. The tab feature is available with version 1-B. 

To clear the entire buffer, type CTRL-X twice. Interestingly 

enough, hitting «RESET" will not clear the buffer, and the 

printing will continue. Obviously, turning off the computer will 

clear the buffer as well as everything else. 

Print Speeds 

Probably one of the least understood aspects of printers is 

print speed. I have heard many people say that printer A is 

faster than B just because A is 100 CPS and Bis 80 CPS. If both 

were identical in every other respect this coulq be true, 

however, there is more to the story. 

I will list most of the aspects that affect print speed and try to 

explain. They include, but are not limited to: 

1. Characters per second (CPS) 

2. Throughput 

3. Logic seeking print head 

4. Line feed speed 

5. Carriage return speed 

6. Single or double buffered 

7. Bidirectional printing 

8. Slewrate of form feed 

And to think that most people thought that CPS was the only 

factor. CPS is self.explanatory. Throughput is the rating given 

for the number oflines per minute ( LPM) at given character per 

inch (CPI) and character per line rates. For example the 

Okidata ML82A is quite a fast printer for its price, and here is 

why. The speed specifications are as follows: 

Print speed · 120 CPS 

bidirectional/ shortline seeking 

Throughput ' 10 CPI: ·20 characters per line: 187 lpm 

·40 characters per line: 123 lpm 

·80 characters per line: 73 lpm 

Line feed speed: ·6 LPI: 115 m s (milliseconds) 

·8 LPI: 95 ms 

A logic seeking print head is one that will go from point A to 

point Bin as close to a straight line as possible. For example, on 

the old MX·80 with the old Graftrax, there was no logic seeking, 

so if you printed a Hi-Res picture, the head would always hom e 

back to the left m argin before it did the rest of the picture (it the 

picture in three sweeps). If you print a letter on the Diablo, and 

you watch it as it prints, you will notice that the print head will go 

straight to the next print · 

locaton, even if it is tabbed in. 

Line feed speed can be important. The MX-80 F / T has a 

fairly slow line feed which is listed at 200 ms. The Diablo is 

about 53 m s. However, the carraige return speed can be a real 

killer. The MX-80 is about600 ms for 10 inches while theDiablo 


is 181 ms. The MX-80 has 80 CPS while the Diablo 1640 is 45 

CPS, so while the Epson is about twice as fast in CPS, it is at 

least 3 times slower in the other areas. Therefore, in some 

cases, the Diablo cah beat the Epson and many other dot 

matrix printers hands down. It all depends on what you' re 

printing. 

Not too much is discussed on single or double buffering but 

if a printer delays slightly at the end before it starts to print the 

next bidirectional line, it is probably single buffer. A short delay 

or no delay is double buffering. 

Bidirectional printing is always a plus, as this minimizes the 

carraige return delay. If your printer has a ligjhtning fast carriage 

return, you may not even notice the bidirectional printing 

speed. However, if the printer takes forever before it begins the 

backward trip, this feature is useless. The reason for the delay is 

that the printer has to rearrange the letters so that it sdrawkcab 

tnirp ton seod. That was a bug in one major word processor 

which I will not mention. 

Last, but not least, is the slewrate that the printer form feeds 

the paper: I'm sure all of you know how aggrivating it is to wait 

while the printer is form feeding, so this is another feature to 

check on. Unfortunately, most manufacturers will not publish 

all of the these specifications. They usually publish the ones 

that make their printer look good, and leave you to observe the 

others. By the way, if you have done some of these observations, 

please get in touch with me, and we'll try to help 

everybody. 

Below is a list of some of the parameters for a variety of 

printers: 

Printer Parameters 

(Listed fastest first, @ 10 char/ inch) 

CPS 

LPM 

20 char/line 

Okidata ML84 200 266 

Epson FX-80 160 210 

Okidata ML82A 120 187 

Okidata ML83A 120 173 

ITOH Prowriter 120 125 

(NEC 8023A) 

Epson MX-80 80 105 

Diablo 1640 45 65 

Conclusion 

LPM LPM 

40 char/line 80 char/line 

184 114 

146 92 

123 73 

117 71 

94 73 

73 

33 

46 

17 

In spite of all the verbiage in this article, I have barely touched 

on the subject However, as the expression goes, a little 

kriowledge is a dangerous thirig, so learn a little and live 

dangerously. Then let us know what else we should be 

covering, or in what direction we should go. 

• 

PEELINGS II is the only magazine devoted entirely to the evaluation 

of Apple II, II Plus and lie software and hardware of all kinds. 

Our truthful, in-depth reviews focus on the current market, new 

releases, and pre-releases-with follow-up evaluation when required-and 

everything is done with you in mind. 

PEELINGS II serves you by: 

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• Warranties 

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•Providing Product Comparison Charts 

PEELINGS II provides a unique and most useful service to its 

readers by arming them with the knowledge necessary to make 

intelligent selections of Apple software and hardware. 

If you intend to purchase even one software program or a single 

piece of hardware for your Apple, PEELINGS II is the magazine 

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The Strange 

Case or the 

Magenta 

Apple 

as told to Dan W asleski 

Note: A certain battered dispatch box, the property of john H. 

Watson, M . D., is said to be in the vaults of Cox & Co. , bankers, of 

Charing Cross. It contains notes and manuscripts concerning the 

exploits of a certain noted detective; manuscripts which were not 

published through Watson's collaboration with Sir Arthur Conan 

Doyle. Dan Wasleski uncovered this manuscript, presumably at Cox 

& Co. 's Kansas City branch. Whtie we cannot vouch absolutely for its 

authenticity, we can say that it is the first such manuscript to have 

been so thoroughly Global-Replaced Now if we can only coax our 

typesetter out of the closet in which refuge was taken three days ago, 

amid hideous whimpering . . . . ) 

I. T WAS a cold AND blustery evening, thAT riight in 

January of '94. Outside, the wind howled fiercely. I had 

just thROWn aNOTher LOG ON the crackling fire AND 

had settled myself with the lA Test issue of the British M edical 

journal when my friEND SherLOCK Holmes came bursting 

inTO our rooms AT 221B Baker STReet. 

"You gave me a start, Holmes." He ignORed my mild 

repriMANd AND threw OFF his inverness coAT. THEN, of 

all things, he TOssed an APPLE AT me. 

"WhA T's this?" I exclaimed. "NEXT thing I know you'll 

be bringing HOME PARSEley. This APPLE feels ROTten, 

Holmes. Why is the APPLESOFT?" 

"The APPLE has been tampered with, W ATsON. I 

INTercepted it ON route TO MORiarty." 

"MORiarty," I gasped, "but ProfessOR MORiarty is 

dead!" 

"So he'd like us TO believe WATsON, but he's alive AND 

well, AND he's PLOTting a foul crime. MORiarty .. . a 

malignant thing thAT crawls the earth . .. a despiCABLE 

villain .. . a foul creATure who preys ON the poOR AND 

helpless ... ProfessOR MORiarty, Ph. D., P.R . ... " 

I raised my eyebROWs. "P.R.?" 

"Of course, W ATsON, Pernicious Rogue! He's PR#l in 

my book. Now, IF you would be so kind as TO perFORm 

your surgical skills ON this APPLE, perhaps we can ASCertain 

why its been MON-KEYed with." 

While I prepared my inSTRuments FOR surgery, Holmes 

played a sonATa ON his VLIN. The MUSIC FLOWed as IF 

it were being bowed by a MASTER VLINist. 

Moments lA Ter I had begun TO dissect the APPLE with a 

sharp-EDGEd scalpel. I carefully peeled OFF layer after 

layer in INCREMENTal slices of about ONe-FORtyseCONd 

of an inch. NOT a TRACE of anything. 

Holmes had put away his VLIN AND now puffed smoke 

fROM his FREshly lit pipe as he DELiberATely scanned my 

surgical wORk. "HELLO, WATsON, whAT's thAT 

BROWNish BLACK particle there?" He leaned over my 

shoulder AND poINTed the stem of his pipe TO whAT I 

had supPOSed TO be a SEED. ImmediATely he had his 

inagnIFying glass out AND was exaMINlng it. "Quick, 

WATsON, the tweezers. I believe it's a MICROcapsule." 

Holmes had the thirig apart ON his WHITE hANDkerchief 

in seCONds. A dark speck thAT looked like a tiny 

BUG fell between the two ENbs of the capsule. " A MICRO 

DOT IF I'm NOT mistaken. With MODErn phoTO 

GRAPHIC techniques a large amount of inFORMATiON 

can be reduced TO a MINiscule phoTO-GRAPHIC emulsiON 

like this. GET the HIGH-RESOLUTION MICROscope." 

" Broken," I replied. ''I'll GET the LOW-RESOLUTION 

ONe." 

"Never mind, GET the kaleiDOScope AND SCREEN." 

ShORtly, we had the FULL-SCREEN AND lantern setup. 

I mounted the tiny SQUARE MICRO-DOT ON a slide 

AND placed it in the kaleiDOScope. The SCREEN was a 

blur of PARALLEL LINEs until I adjusted the focUSER. 

THEN it was apparent thAT it was a DRAWing. "A 

SCHEMATIC DRA Wing of some kind," I suggested. 

"MORe like a diagRAM ... HELLO, WATsON, it's a 


floOR plan, AND IF I'm NOT in ERROR, it's a floOR plan 

of the Louvre Museum!" 

"The Louvre, Holmes? You dON't mean MORiarty INT 

ENDs TO steal the Louvre? Even MORiarty can BYTE OFF 

mORe than he can chew!" 

"MORe than likely every paINTing in the Louvre 

CATALOG." 

"ThAT's a SYNTAX-ERR, Holmes." 

"HANG the SYNTAX, WATsON, TO ERR is huMAN. 

CABLE InspectOR HIMEM of the FREnch Police AND tell 

him a GReAT mouse is about TO NIBBLE ON France's 

prize cheese." 

"A nice metaphOR, but it should be APPENDed with a 

NORMAL REMARK which is LITERAL AND NOT OPEN 

TO INTerpretATiON." 

"RIGHT, WATsON, APPEND a STATEMENT IF you 

like, but be OFF with you now, AND dON't RETURN 

WITHOUT-GOSUBmitting the MESSAGE TO the 

teleGRAPHer." 

I hurried through the cold night TO the BRANCH 

teleGRAPH OFFice TO CABLE InspectOR HIMEM. I 

thought how nice it would be TO have one of those 

NEWfANGLEd MACHINEs which thAT fellow BELL in 

America had invented so I could sit AT HOME AND CALL 

the teleGRAPHer instead of having TO go ·outside ON a 

cold wINTer's night. 

As I approached the teleGRAPH OFFice I passed by the 

HARDWARE STORE which was between the ladies' apparel 

shop CALLed the SOFTWARE Shop; AND the ladies' 

undergarment STORE, CALLed the FIRMWARE Shop. In 

frONt of the shops, ON the sidewalk, I NOTiced an 

XDRAWn in ORANGE AND an HCOLORfully DRAWn 

in GREEN where children had been playing X's AND H's. 

The teleGRAPHer gave me a smile AND a GREETING 

as I ENTERed. After we excHANGed INIT-HELLOs, he 

inFORmed me thAT I had arrived just in time TO SA VE his 

sON JACK a trip TO Baker STReet SINce he had just 

received a wire FOR Holmes. 

I gave him my MESSAGE FOR Paris which we THEN had 

TO EDIT because his TABle of LENGTH-SPECIFERs 

stATed thATwe had an ILLEGAL-QUANTITY ofwORds. 

He assured me he would GET the wire OFF as soON as he 

could ACCESS the main SYSTEM AND INTERFACE his 

teleGRAPH KEY TO it. 

BeFORe I LEFT, the teleGRAPHer asked me IF I would 

like TO guess how MANy beans were in his bean jar. FOR 

two pence I might win a cROWn. I guessed there were 

32768 beans. He TOld me thAT I had committed a 

GREATER-THAN-32767-ERR SINce there were ONly 

32767 beans. I CONsidered COUNTing the beans but 

decided against it. I LEFT the DOT AND DASH STORE 

AND hurried back TO our rooms, hANDed Holmes his 

wire AND went TO the fire TO warm myself. 

"Did you READ this MESSAGE, WATsON?" He did 

NOT WAIT FOR an answer but READ it aloud. 

" '] anuary 24, 1894. Cairo. Mr. Holmes, I need your help. I 

CAN'T-CONTINUE because FORMULA-TOO-COMPLEX. 

It may be an ILLEGAL-QUANITY, an UNDEF'D-FUNC 

TION OR an UNDEF'D-STATEMENT inmy mAThemATical 

ARGUMENT. It might be an inadvertent DIVISION 

BY-ZERO OR a misplaced DECIMAL. Perhaps my 

INVERSE MATRIX is NOT DEFined properly. TO successfully 

reach the END-OF-DATA analysis, I need your help. 

Come TO Cairo immediATely. My success depENDs ON 

you. I'm AT wits END.' (SIGNed) PASCAL." 

April 1983 43

"This sORry fellow can't be PASCAL," I commented. 

" He's NOT enough of an ARITHMETICAL-OPERATOR 

TO know whether TO ADD, SUBTRACT, MUL TIPI'.Y, 

DIVIDE OR take a SQUARE-ROOT. Besides, any fool 

knows PASCAL died years ago." 

"DON't be so NEGATIVE, W ATsON; there is a seventh 

generATion PASCAL living in Cairo, but he happens TO be 

a visiting SPEAKER here in the British Isles this MON th. I 

believe he's in NEW South Wales TOnight. So this CABLE 

is NOT fROM PASCAL, you' re cORrect there, old friEND. 

It's fROM aNOTher mAThemATician. NOne other than 

ProfessOR MORiarty!" 

"An ATtempt AT diversiON, eh, Holmes?" 

"Exactly, WATsON. Now we had better think about 

GETting TO Paris so we can NULL-IFy MORiarty's PLOT 

beFORe it hATches. CATching MORiarty is like inventing 

a bank draft thAT is WRITE-PROTECTED." 

"RIGHT you are, Holmes, a nice ANALOGy. MORiarty's 

MODus operANDi is dIFficult TO predict. Now I'll CALL 

Mrs. HudsON AND have her FLASH wORd TO a cAB 

StAND so we can GET a hansom TO DRIVE TO Dover 

AND CONTINUE TO TRACE this thing TO-GETher." 

''I'm glad TO hear you'll be ESC-ORting me, W ATsON, 

but LET's GET a good night's sleep first. We'll leave FOR 

Dover AT Eight o'CLOCK TOmOR-ROW mORning." 

"When the big hAND is ON-8-GOTO investigATe, eh, 

Holmes?" 

"ERR . . . RIGHT, WATsON; AND ask Mrs. HudsON 

TO have our rooms DEBUGged while we're gONe. I found 

a little creATure swimming in my tea yesterday." 

''I'll tell her, but she'll probably FOR-GET. PoOR Mrs. 

HudsON seems TO be OUT-OF-MEMORY. The other day 

she FORgot TO turn down the sTOve AND nearly set fire 

TO the kitchen. ThAT was a RANGE-ERR. AND this 

afternoON, she LEFT the wATer RUNning in the SINk 

FOR an hour. ThAT was a bad OVERFLOW-ERROR." 

"Yes, WATsON, but irONiCALLy a MEMORY-FULL 

ERR also; thAT is, she has TOo much ON her mind. Last 

week she FORgot the cATNip FOR the CAT, NOT TO 

mentiON FOR-GETting the poOR creATure's feLINE 

FEED. She had better ADDRESS her problem TO a 

psychiA Trist who can help her with such mentally DIM 

ERRs." 

"Perhaps," I suggested, "she could use a vacATiON TO 

give her a chance TOG ET away fROM her daily ROUTINEs 

AND SUBROUTINEs, SORT out things, ERASE her 

extraneous thoughts, UPDATE her philosophy, AND 

CLEAR her MEMORY." 

"You're the doctOR, WATsON." 

The NEXT day AT Dover, there was a little mix-up AT 

the boAT TERMINAL. There was a SIGN thAT said, "IF 

you are W AITing FOR the NEXT boAT TO Calais THEN 

GET your ticket AT WINDOW 8 FOR 3 shillings AND 

GOTO GATE 7 AND WAIT until you GET CALLed." We 

didn't recognize our NAMEs because we were traveling 

incogniTO so we missed the CALL AND had TO WAIT 

FOR the NEXT ship. We eventually found ourselves back 

WAITING in a LINE of RECORD-LENGTH thAT 

MERG Ed with aNOTher LINE. At the END of thAT LINE a 

ROUTINE RENUMBERing of our tickets TOok place 

AND THEN a charming BRUNette lady with a DIMple in 

her chin had TO VERIFY the tickets. She TOld us TO GET 

READy, GET set AND ON-3-GOSUBmit ourselves TO 

LINE-NUMBER 9. 

AT LINE-NUMBER 9 there was a SIGN thAT said, "IF 

you are NEXT-WITHOUT-FORty shillings THEN GOTO 

END of W AITing LINE-NUMBER 1." It would have been 

mORe simple IF they had a SIGN thAT READ ONERR 

GOTO LINE-NUMBER 1. AT any rATe we did GOTO 

LINE-NUMBER 1, but AT the END of our WAIT there was 

a RIGHT-ARROW AND a LEFT-ARROW. Holmes went 

ONeway AND I the other. We metAT the gangplank where 

we had TO WAIT FOR them TO LOAD a IORry full of 

canned squash aBOARD the ship. 

In retrospect, I supPOSe we should have STOPPED-AT 

LINE-NUMBER 2 where we could have· obtained DOCU 

MENTATION ON the BACKGROUND ELEMENTs of 

ticket buying AND ship BOARDING. OR perhaps LINE 

NUMBER 3 which had a SCROLLING-WINDOW AND a 

PROGRAM ofINSTRUCTIONs FOR the EXECutiON of 

ticket purchases. OR even LINE-NUMBER 4 which had an 

ANNUNCIATOR who sPOKEsevera!LANGUAGEs, even 

a LANGUAGE-NOT-AVAILABLE. THEN, of course, we 

could have tried LINE-NUMBER 6 which was AUTOmATed 

with PUSHBUTTONs, TOGGLE SWITCHes 

AND a KEYBOARD. 

It was MID-afternoON when they had all the canned 

squaSHLOADed ON the ship AND after STOPping TO 

WAIT FOR a child AND his MOTHERBOARDing we 

started up the gangplank. It was a raRETYPE-LINEr, 

probably the ONiy ONe of its kind still afloAT. As we 

STEPped aBOARD, a MAN TOok our tickets AND put 

them in an ACCUMULATOR box which was a combin 

ATiON STORAGE device AND COUNTER. We found 

deck chairs near cabIN#6 AND sA T down. I REMARKed to 

HOimes, " ThAT was quite an ESCapade. NEXT time we 

RENAME ourselves we had better REMember our aliases 

OR NOT use them AT all. At this rATe we'll never cATch 

MORiarty." 

Meanwhile, Holmes had spied a parchment SCROLL ON 

my side TABie AND was poINTing TO it. I picked it up 

AND unrolled it. There was a narROW PERIPHERAL 

MARGIN CLEAR around a picture of MORiarty. ON the 

TOP-MARGIN was a jumble of ASTERISKs, AT-SIGNS, 

AND AMPERSANDs. In the RIGHT-MARGIN were 

SYMBOLs AND SLASHes of various DIMENSIONs. In the 

BOTTOM-MARGIN were RANDOMiy SPACEd PLUS 

SIGNs, MINUS-SIGNs, EQUAL-SIGNs, AND BRACK 

ETS. In the LEFT-MARGIN there were PERCENT-SIGNs, 

NUMBER-SIGNs, AND SEMICOLONs. "WhAT do you 

make of it, Holmes? It looks like we need an INTER 

PRETER FORTRANs!ATing this." 

Holmes TOok the SCROLL AND examined it. "HELLO, 

whAT's this TAPEd TO the back?" 

As he peeled it OFF, I could see thAT it was a PAGE 

fROM the PROGRAM FOR the perFOR-MANce of William 

Tell just two nights beFORe AT Covent Garden. I REMembered 

CLEARiy SINce the tenOR had a slight LISP. I asked 

Holmes whA T he thought it meant. 

"Puzzling, WATsON. Obviously the PROGRAM represents 

an ITERATION of the SYMBOLism of the APPLE 

again." 

"This SYMBOLism keeps REPEATing. First the APPLE 

with the MICRO-DOT, now this STRange clue. Is it ON TO 

the Louvre OR RETURN TO Covent Garden?" 

"AMAGENTAhERRing, WATsON. ThisisthewORkof 

thAT abERR-ATiON CALLed MORiarty. Its Onward TO 

Calais AND Paris!" 

I got up AND STEPped over TO the railing. The ship was 

just pulling away. ON the dock a MAN was vigORously 

waving a MINI-ATure British FLAG. I recognized him 

insTANtly. InspectOR LeSTRade. His face appeared quite 

44 A pple Orc hard

flushed AND a hANDkerchief stuck out sloppily £ROM 

beneath his coA T. 

"Our old friEND LeSTRade has committed a GREATER 

THAN-255-ERR." Holmes was suddenly AT my side looking 

AT his wATch. "It's 2:56 PM; a minute soONer AND 

LeSTRade would have made it aBOARD. It appears thAT 

he has had some luck TOday, however, as he's wON a BLUE 

ribbON FOR his APPLE pit-'.' 

I was used TO SherLOCK Holmes' REMARKable 

POWERs of deductiON, but this CONclusiON baffled me. 

Holmes saw the astONished look ON my face AND smiled. 

"ELEMENTary, my dear WATsON. Look how bRIGHTly 

PINK COLORed LeSTRade's face is. I estimATe thAT it 

would take five hours in the sun ON this wINTer's day TO 

acquire a sunburn like thAT. The FLAG he's so enerGETiCALLy 

waving AT us is the kind typiCALLy sold AT our 

COUNTy fairs. The DevON COUNTy Fair is being held 

this week. You RECALL thAT LeSTRade is an amATeur 

cook. AND thAT NEW pie stain ON his lapel makes the 

rest MAN-IFestly CLEAR" 

"Perfect LOGIC, Holmes. But how did you CONclude 

thAT he wON anything?" 

"ELEMENTary, my dear WATsON, thAT BLUE hANDkerchief 

PEEKing £ROM beneath his coA T is NOT a 

hANDkerchief but a BLUE ribbON. Here, LETs give our 

old friEND aNOTher prize." Holmes flung the SCROLL 

across AND down the shORt disTANce TO the dock. 

LeSTRade dropped his FLAG, caught the SCROLL AND 

sTOod OPENmouthed as we steamed away. 

Holmes chuckled. "ThAT should keep him busy AND 

out of our hair FOR a while." He glanced down AT the 

GREY deck. "HELLO, whAT's this? It looks like an 

American dollar bill thAT's been tORn inTO BITs." He 

pulled out his magnIFying glass AND sTOoped down. "Ah, 

three pieces. Here is the RIGHT$ . . . AND here is the 

LEFT$ ... AND yes, here is the MID$." 

As Holmes OFF ered the pieces upward TO scATter in the 

breeze, I could NOT help but think thAT IF he wanted TO 

play with pieces of $'s, he could have STRung them TO 

GETher to make a STR$, AND THEN burnt it around the 

EDGEs AND had CHR$ FOR our charwoMAN. 

"W ATsON, do you REMember the affair in which I 

EXPosed ONe of the largest COUNTerfeit schemes in 

hisTOry. The gang was about TO DUMP enough American 

currency ON the OPEN market TO bankrupt the United 

StATes." 

"Indeed, Holmes. It GRieves me thAT due TO the 

DELicATe NATure of the case I can NOT reveal the 

particulars of the affair TO the public. AND, thereFORe, 

the part you played will never be known. AND I'll be 

HANGed IF I.undersTANd how a PROMinent TYPE like 

Sir VIRGULE ASC could have been involved in a PLOT like 

thAT." 

"Actually, WATsON, I believe it was his sON, VIRGULE 

ASC-II, NOTed inventOR of the aSPClasp, who built the 

high SPEED presses the gang used." 

"It was VIRGULE ASCII who invented the aSPClasp TO 

hold asps AND other REPTiles when he was traveling in 

Egypt, but it was his fATher, Sir VIRGULE, who invented 

the TOugh goAT GR-APPLE while ON EXP-EDITiON in 

the RIOBranco in Brazil, who was respONsible FOR the 

high SPEED presses." 

"Perhaps so, W ATsON. Well, wHOMEver it was, it was 

indeed a TOugHGR-APPLE. But, IF thAT's so, THEN 

which ONe invented the hipPOPotamUSRein?" 

"Neither, it was Sir VIRGULE's sister, DoLORES. A 

prolIFic inventOR herself, she also invented the sERR 

ATed knIFe." 

"Yes, I RECALL, W ATsON. She had a facTOry of her 

own AND employed sixteen people FOR making knives." 

"SIXTEEN-FORS-ERR-ATing, eh, Holmes? She also 

invented the famouSGNu GRasper. Hmm ... she was quite 

a SHAPEly lady as I RECALL, but there was a certain 

alooFNess about her. AT any rATe she was certainly a 

FORloRNDoLORES when they arrested her AND her 

bROTher." 

"RIGHT you are." He smiled AND turned TO the sea. 

"Look there," Holmes poINTed TO a school of thirty-two 

salMON. "INTeresting, W ATsON, look, as sixteen come 

TO the TOP TO swim, the other SIXTEEN-GOSUB 

Surface TO swim." 

After a LENGTH of time, Holmes poINTed TO the 

hORizON. "Look AT thAT ship in the disTANce. It looks 

like a FLOATING-POINT, doesn't it?" 

When we arrived in Calais, we found thA T the coach TO 

Paris had been DELA Yed because the coachMAN was 

indisPOSed. While they tried TO locATe a SUBstitute 

DRIVEr, we decided TO eAT AT a little cafe around the 

cORner. The MENU was shORt AND we had little OR 

NOMONey but we MANaged TOO sATisfy ourselves by 

eATing a lot of bREAD. As we finished our meal, the 

ROWdy cROWd was starting TO heckle the cafe per 

FORmer whose rENDitiON of a certain BAUDy ballad had 

been amATeurish AND SINgularly bORing. 

"Is the PROGRAM-TOO-LARGE?" the perFORmer 

asked the cROWd in desperATiON. 

"Oui,oui!", the cROWd cried. 

A PIXEL-A Ted English gen tleMAN AT the NEXT T ABle 

yelled, "You've committed a TOO-LONG-ERROR AND 

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April 1983 45

IF you are NOT quiet, we'll put you in a tuBLOAD of 

CONcrete, thROW you in the ocean AND there will be 

NOTRACE of you LEFT." 

The cries of "oui, oui" went up aLONg with the English 

MAN's cries of "yes, yes" AND MERGEd inTO ONe 

GReAT VOLUME of SOUND. 

AT thAT poINT, the perFORmer sPRINTed from the 

cafe in RECORD time. 

Holmes suddenly G Rabbed my arm. "I know thAT MAN. 

He's an agent of MORiarty. His NAME is MAX FILES. 

Quick, we must follow him." 

We were UP-AND RUNNING after him in an insTANt. 

We chased the MAN inTO the back roorri AND through a 

WINDOW, down the STReet, AND inTO an OFFice 

building where we ENTERed ON-TO a lANDing. There 

were STEPs down ON the LEFT AND STEPs up ON the 

RIGHT. I started down the LOWER-CASE but Holmes 

TOok the UPPER-CASE so I SHIFTed directiON AND 

followed. As we reached the TOP of the STEPs we saw the 

doOR AT the END of the cORridOR CLOSE. Holmes 

moved TO the doOR quickly. "It's LOCKed, WATsON; 

LENd me your shoulder." 

The doOR was sturdy AND required GREATER-THAN 

EXPected efFORt TO BREAK it in. By the time we broke 

inside, MAX FILES had gotten away down the fire ESCAPE. 

"This room is full of FILE cabinets," Holmes observed. 

"LET's check some of these FILEs, WATsON, there maybe 

a clue here." 

I OPENed a FILE DRAWer AND pulled a hANDful of 

'B's fROM an 'A' folder AND a hANDful of'A's fROM a 'B' 

folder. Obviously a FILE-TYPE-MISMATCH I thought. I 

PEEKed into aNOTher DRAW er but found this FILE 

LOCKED. THEN an idea STRuck me. 

"I wONder IF he sought a FILE-NOT-FOUND, Holmes?" 

"Perhaps, but I have a feeling he was trying TO lead us 

here. Try thAT FILE over there." 

This NOT-DIRECT-COMMAND exhORted me TO 

SEARCH the NEXT FILE FOR I did NOT CON sider it an 

ILLEGAL-DIRECTive but simply a friENDly suggestiON. 

There were ONly two folders in the first DRAWer. ONe 

TAB was marked 'H' which made it an HTAB AND the 

other was marked 'V' which made it a VTAB. The seCONd 

DRAWer CONTained an old FREnch TEXT-FILEd away 

between two spONges which I supPOSe were FILE 

pADDing OR FILE-BUFFERs. The third DRAW er was 

LOCKed but the fourth DRAW er was UNLOCKed AND 

CONTained a set of GRAPHIC PLOTs. The ONly RE 

MARKable thing about them was thAT the tentHLINe ON 

the sixtHPLOT was ORANGE. 

Holmes suddenly CALLed my ATtentiON TO the chalk 

BOARD AT the END of the room. He picked up a 

POINTER fROM the chalk tray AND poINTed TO a small 

circular SHAPEd OBJECT DRAWn ON the BOARD. 

"WhAT is it, Holmes, a DISK? " 

ss"TOo small. MORe like a DISKETTE. Look AT the 

DELicATely SCROLLed LOOPs DRA Wn ON the surface, 

ONe within aNOTher, rATher like NESTED-LOOPS. 

Others overlap like CROSSED-LOOPS." 

"WhAT does a DISK-FULL ofLOOPs mean, Holmes?" 

"WhAT comes TO MEMORY when you think ofLOOPs, 

WATsON?" 

"RibbONs . .. kNOTs? No, perhaps it's an anagRAM. 

LET's see . . . ploo .. . . ? No ... pool, thAT's it. Pool!" 

"Good FOR you, W ATsON. The NATiONal Billiard 

CONTest is being held in LONdON this week." 

"WhAT a REMARKable clue! THEN it's back TO 

LONdON, eh, Holmes?" 

"My dear fellow, no. I would say thAT this is a SINgularly 

inept ATtempt by thAT malignant creATure, MORiartu, 

TO divert us back TO LONdON AND away fROM our 

TRUE course. No, NOT back. ONward TO Paris! AND 

ERASE the BOARD will you, old chap?" 

ON our coach ride TO Paris the SUBstitute coachMAN 

TOok the wrONg fORk, which was a BAD-BRANCH-ERR. 

He CONTINUEd some time beFORe anyONe NOTiced 

AND inFORmed him of his ERROR. 

Meanwhile, I developed a sTOmachache but there were 

NO-BUFFERS-AVAILABLE in my BLACK bag so I had TO 

ADDRESS the problem by using mental diversiONs in 

which I pretENDed TO be an actOR who was a TYPE 

MISMATCH, THEN a mAThemATician who was OUT-OF 

DATA, AND finally an amnesiac who was OUT-OF 

MEMORY. 

LATer, the DRIVEr made a BAD-RETURN-ERR because 

he drove past the fORk where he made his first 

ERROR AND nearly drove CLEAR back TO Calais. He 

needed PROMPTing fROM Holmes TOG ET back ON the 

RIGHT TRACK. 

] ust outside of Paris we were DELA Yed again. This time 

an old bearded gentleMAN carrying a large SIGN was 

bLOCKing the road. ON the SIGN, he had DRA Wn the 

following MESSAGE, "Do NOT SCRN God, BSAVEd, the 

END is near!" While I helped the coachMAN carry the 

zealot OFF the road, I TOld the old coot he had better 

increase his CONsumptiON of COBOLamin because he 

looked like he was suffering fROM pernicious anemia AND 

baDSPelling syndROMe. 

ONce in Paris, we HEADed FOR our COMMAND post, 

the LOCATION of which was across fROM the Louvre. We 

ENTERed the room AND READied ourselves TO MON 

ITOR MORiarty's nefarious hANDiwORk. 

"LOCK the doOR so no ONe can have RANDOM 

ACCESS TO the room," Holmes said as he POSITIONed 

himself NEXT TO the WINDOW AND PEEKed through 

the BOTTOM of the MEDIUM-BLUE shade. 

The KEY was misSINg, but there was a bolt AND two 

SLOTs, so with a CLICK, I slid the bolt inTO SLOT 

NUMBER 2. I sAT down in a CHIPpENDale chair AND 

sPOKE TO Holmes. "A very INTeresting affair this case, it 

REMinds me of the time we had TO TRACK the BINARY 

siblings LEN ore AND V ALentine LOMEM. REMember, we 

were ON their trail AND TRACEd them CLEAR TO 

RavensHIRES where we found them in thAT old HOME 

CLOSE TO the railroad TRACKs." 

" It was NOT a pleasant buSINess, WATsON. We had TO 

pay a REAL estATe MAN TO DRAW a SCALE map of the 

railroad LINEs AND mark the COORDINATES of the 

adjoining SECTOR, otherwise we would have gONe far 

aFIELD. It was lucky he could map AND READ-OR 

WRITE-A-TRACK-OR-SECTOR. But, as I RECALL, the 

most unusual aspect of the case was the fact thA T LEN ore 

had inadvertently DEFied the NATiONal GAME-CON 

TROL ACT of 1846 by allowing her pet RAM TO ROMp 

FREe in an OPEN FIELD. Why, the LONdON Times even 

put out an extra EDITiON ON thAT case, WATsON." 

"Was the EXTRA-IGNORED?" I asked. 

"No, it was sold in RECORD-NUMBERs, which was 

probably due TO the fact there was CONsiderable CONTroversy 

about Parliament's DEF-INITiON of a RAM being a 

GAME animal." 


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He PAUSEd, THEN CONTINUEd TO REMinisce. "I 

undersTANd now thAT the TURNKEY has them, thAT 

LEN ore AND her bROTher are MOD El prisONers. TRUE 

OR FALSE?" 

BeFORe I could respONd, HolmesJUMPed back fROM 

the WINDOW. "Look here, something's NOT NORMAL. 

See thAT woMAN, in fine but DIM-ARRAY, sTANding in 

frONt of the Louvre?" 

"Is thAT_a REDIM'D-ARRAY, Holmes?" 

"CLOSEr TO disARRAY SINce her LIGHT-BLUE hAT 

is ROTA 'J;Ep f._ T the 'wrONg angle FOR a lady of her 

appare-rit POSITION." 

"SHE'S SO HOMEly she could be sPORTing an ASCot 

AND nobody would NOTice." 

"It's NOT a she, WATsON, it's MORiarty!" 

"MORiarty? I say! Holmes, look ... he's leaving in thAT 

ORnATe carriage. Should I TRACE his NEXT moves AND 

keep TABs ON hiin OR will his CARRIAGE-RETURN?" 

"MORiarty will RETURN. We'll be WAITing. HAND 

me thAT MAGENTA book ON the TABle; it looks about 

the RIGHT size FOR our WAIT. OR better yet, hAND me 

thAT DARK-GREEN TEXT TO PAGE through." 

"Holmes, the VOLUME-TABLE-OF-CONTENTS of this 

TEXT looks bORing. Besides, the outside is marked VOL 

UME-NUMBER I, but the first PAGE is marked VOLUME 

NUMBER II." 

" ONe moment, W ATsON, thA T's obviously a VOLUME 

MISMATCH. HAND me the YELLOW MONoGRAPH 

instead." 

"This One NEXT TO the AcCOUNTants REGISTER?" 

"NO, the ONe between The Pickle PROCESSORs MAN 

UAL AND The Sausage SIMULATION TUTORIAL, the 

ONe titled ELEMENTs of NUMBER ROUNDING." 

As I paced the floOR W AITing,I could NOT help but 

think of the silly COStume AND hAT thAT MORiarty 

wORe. It REMinded me of my recent trip TO RO Me where I 

had the questiONable hON-OR of playing bridge with the 

Duke AND Duchess of MONteVIDEO. Each time the 

Duchess held the Ace of trump (which she CALLed the 

CONTROLLER-CARD), she would SHIFT in her seAT, 

ROTATE her hAT AND give a CURSORy glance TO her 

husbAND. I suggested thA T my partner AND myself 

should AUTOmATiCALLy win by DEFAULT, but she 

refused.AND COUNTERed with the suggestiON thAT I 

GOSUBmit myself TO the medical lABS FOR psychiATric 

examinATiON SINce I was showing TANgible SIGNs of 

CHARACTER diSINteGR-ATiON. I TOld her TO go 

CONCATENATE her sewing MACHINE TO her mouth. 

As I chuckled TO myself, I tripped On the floOR 

REGISTER AND almost fell. 

"Now STOP fidGETing around, WATsON, MORiarty 

wON't be back FOR aNOTher hour. WRITE your CHR 

ONicles OR jot down some REMARKs AND LET me 

READ." 

"How do you know it will be an hour?" I asked. 

"ELEMENTary, WATsON." 

ThAT was thA T. My lONg AND CLOSE INTimacy with 

SherLOCK Holmes TOld me there was no UTILITY in 

CONTinuing the ARGUMENT; I RESET my wATch, sAT 

back, AND began TO PRINT my LIST of DAT A so I could 

eventually COMPILE it inTO a FILE FOR the CHR 

ONicles which I was CONsidering SERIALizing in the 

5STR-AND Magazine. I also wanted TO DELETE some 


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mATerial which I had ASSEMBLEd earlier thAT wasn't 

even, suiTABle FOR BAD-SUBSCRIPTs. 

But my mind wANDered. I RECALLed "The Case of The 

SOUND of CRASHcarvilles" a shocking affair which almost 

COSt me my lIFe. I had been assisting Holmes by 

helping ONe of his OPERA TO Rs, a MAN of such INTelligence 

I CONsidered him ONe of Holmes' few LOGICAL 

OPERATORs. ON this particular case, however, he was 

CALLed ON TO use his unusual physical abilities AND 

REMARKable PERIPHERAL visiON. It was necessary 

FOR him TO use the cover of a race DRIVER in a moTOr 

car race, a sPORT which had become quite POPular in just 

the few years SINce the INTroductiON of the NEW fangled 

MACHINE. 

I REMember the day of the race CLEARly. He was TO 

DRIVE-NUMBER 7 car in POSITION-NUMBER 5. After 

he got his AUTOSTARTed AND moving he did NOT 

DEMOnSTR-ATe his ability well, because after two laps 

around the TRACK, he hit aNOTher race car, made an 

UNCONDITIONAL-JUMP AND CRASHed inTO a third 

AUTO nARROWly misSINg me AND aNOTher spectAT 

OR. You can imagine my asTOnishment when I saw him 

ESCAPE his burning AUTO AND RECOVER TO RE 

ENTER the NEXT race. The SINgular thing was thAT 

during the accident he sustained an injury TO his HEAD 

thAT made him lose his MEMORY AND FOR-GET he was 

ONe of Holmes' operATives. His NAME, a RESERVED 

WORD in Holmes' CODE book, was BEEP, but he never 

REMembered it AND the last I heard he had ABS-CONded 

with Holmes' retainer .... 

Suddenly, there was a POP AND FLASH fROM out in the 

STReet. I JUMPed up. 

"Steady, W ATsON, CONTROL yourself. It's CLEARly a 

diversiON. The GAME's afoot. Look there AT the entrance 

TO the Louvre! It's MORiarty! He is about TO. EXECUTE 

his plan. LOAD your revolver AND WAIT FOR my 

COMMAND." 

An extraORdinary EXPRESSION came over my friEND' s 

face, THEN he arose AND FLASHed past me. "Quick, 

WATsON!" With DIGITAL dexterity he slid back the bolt, 

pulled away the CHAIN AND threw OPEN the doOR. He 

STRode down the STEPs three AT a time. 

I couldn't RUN AT thAT SPEED (STEP minus-3), POSsibly 

because my food INPUT had been GREATER-THAN 

my OUTPUT (it was an INPUT/OUPUT-ERROR ON my 

part SINce my weight PROGRAM had CALLed FOR 

mORe POWER EXP-ENDiture than I could MANage). I 

slipped ON the EDGE of the BOTTOM STEP, tORe my 

ttoUSERs AND scuffed the TOP of my shoe. I got up but 

tripped over my shoeSTRING. It was either a STRING 

OVERFLOW-ERROR OR a STRING-TOO-LONG 

ERROR. I tied it but inadvertently got my finger caught in 

the lace which was a simple STRING-ERR. I felt like a 

SLAVE whose MASTER had given him the BOOT. I 

thought thAT I would never make a good shoe STRING 

OPERA TOR AND I even CONsidered committing a CAN'T 

CONTINUE-ERROR, but I eventually RESTOREd myself 

AND RESUMEd the chase. 

I PADDLEd through the doORs of the Louvre with 

Holmes far aHEAD of me. I passed a DARK-BLUE still lIFe 

ON the LEFT AND a PURPLE PORTrait ON the RIGHT, 

THEN an AQUA seASCape ON the RIGHT AND a 

GREEN lANDscape ON the LEFT. I ENTERed aNOTher 

room AND almost CRASHed in TO a TRUNCATEd MONolith. 

I became CON fused, REENTERed the first chamber 

AND ran through several rooms beFORe ENTERing a 

SECTION of GRAPHICS, wATerCOLORs AND ink 

DRAWings. MIDway across the room I STOPped. ByONd, 

of a GReAT MAGENTA APPLE in a GREY fRAMe. 

Holmes was eaSINg up TO him fROM behind AND after a 

moment he G Rabbed him. Like an enraged tiger, MORiarty 

STRuggled vioLENtly. 

"You devil!" MORiarty screamed. 

"Quick, WATsON, your revolver. We can't LET him 

ESCAPE," Holmes cried. 

I poINTed the revolver AT him. "DON't RUN OR 

BACK-UP, you fiEND!" 

"CAPITAL, WATsON, wATch him CLOSEly." 

"There will be a NEXT time, Mr. SherLOCK Holmes. 

AND I will win NEXT time!" MORiarty snarled. 

Holmes POKEd his INDEX DIGIT AT MORiarty's nose. 

"ThAT is a BAD-NEXT-ERROR, ProfessOR, because 

there will be no NEXT time." 

MORiarty FREnetiCALLy spewed FORth wORds of 

EXECrATiON, but was cut OFF as lnspectOR HIMEM 

followed by two gENDarmes suddenly ran in TO the room. 

"Good wORk, Mr. Holmes," HIMEM said. "You're TO 

be CON-G R-ATulATed. This MAN's fiENDishness is POS 

ITIVEly UNEQUALed. He has eluded the best minds in 

Europe AND the few times he has been CAPTUREd, he's 

ESCAPEd. But, I assure you, Mr. Holmes, there will be no 

ESCAPE this time. I will GET him TO a secure place with 

GReAT EXPediency." 

"Yes, lnspectOR, I would be LESS-THAN cANDid IF I 

did NOT put it TO you TO guard this MAN with your lIFe," 

Holmes cautiONed. 

The InspectOR nodded. "I undersTANd TOtally AND 

ABSolutely, Mr. Holmes. AND I'm sure thAT as a TOKEN 

of FRance's appreciATiON, MONsieur le President will 

hON-OR you with the Croix de GuERRe." 

THEN, HIMEM turned TO MORiarty. "Your IMME 

DIATE-EXECUTION will take PRECEDENCE over thAT 

of all comMON RUN-of-the-mill cutthroATs, MAN slayers 

AND assasSINs who will now have DEFERRED-EXEC 

UTIONs. The guillotine a W AITs your HEAD, ProfessOR." 

ONe of the gENDarmes TOok a set ofMANacles out of a 

small CASSETTE STRapped TO his waist AND hANDcuffed 

MORiarty. They marched OFF, ONe gENDarme 

aHEAD of MORiarty, ONe behind him, with HIMEM 

leading the way. This SINgle COLUMN had a LINE 

WIDTH ofONe. 

I tur,ned TO Holmes. "But whAT was MORiarty after? 

Why was he trying TO steal this ridiculous GRAPHIC of a 

MAGENTA APPLE when some of the most VALuable 

paINTings in the wORld are ON DISPLAY all around us?" 

"It's NOT the APPLE he's after, WATsON. Here, PEEK 

CLOSEly AT the GRAPHICS." 

As I drew CLOSEr, I REALized thAT the GRAPHICS 

were made up of EQUALly SPACEd ALPHANUMERIC 

CHARACTERS. "Why, it's some kind of CODE, Holmes." 

"Exactly, old friEND. It is an INITIALIZEd INVERSE 

HEXADECIMAL CODE CONsisting of VARIABLE RAN 

DOM INTEGER NUMBERS arranged in a SEQUENTIAL 

pATtern. WATsON, this is the combinATiON TO the 

LOCK ON the doOR of the TOwer ofLONdON, hereTO 

FORe known ONly TO Queen VECTORia!" 

"Thank heavens, Holmes, you've SAVEd the CROWn 

Jewels. But I dON't undersTANd a BIT of this SYNTAX 

and STRUCTURED approach." 

"BASIC, my dear WATsON, BASIC!" 

NO-END-ERR. 

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Review: 

JRT PASCAL 2.2 

by Morgan P. Caffrey 

From: 

JRT Systems 

P. 0 . Box 22365 

San Francisco, CA 94122 

Price: $29.95 

Requires: 

CP/ M 

56K (16K memory card) 

1 disk drive 

I love the marketing idea behind this Pascal system which 

works, and quite well, under the CP/ M operating system. The 

idea is simply to sell a good implementation of a language at a 

price everyone can afford and make a profit from volume sales. 

The idea shouldn't work if the quality isn't present I am very 

happy with the value. 

I first read about JRT Pascal in an ad a few months ago, and 

the price seemed quite small for the features promised. To 

cinch the offer, there was a 30-day inspection period. I sent the 

check and waited. Once, before I got the cancelled check, I 

called up to ask about the delay. " Apple versions are running a 

little late. Hang on," they said. After I got the cancelled check I 

waited a couple of weeks and called again, gave my name and 

they said " Next Thursday's shipment" Since I live in the same 

city I waited until the Tuesday following the Thursday and ... 

nothing. The following Saturday I got a polite post·card saying 

that shipments had been delayed again and if I wanted my 

money back to call and it would be refunded. Five days later the 

package arrived. Not a perfect product ordering cycle, but 

acceptable except for cashing the check early. 

Documentation 

The Apple JRT Pascal package consists of a loose-leaf three· 

hole punched document and two 5 %-inch diskettes. The 

document includes a very adequate Table of Contents (YEA!) 

and no index (BOO!). It never mentions the Apple Computer or 

features. 

The document begins with the usual heads·we·win·tails·you· 

lose legalese, to wit fully copyrighted and trademarked but no 

warranties and representations as to value or responsibility for 

loss because of use. As usual, the users are more or less on 

their own. The advertisements state, and nothing in the 

documentation controverts, the idea that the user has the right 

to copy the diskettes and documentation as long as it is not for 

resale. Would that more vendors displayed that kind of 

courage. 

The documentation is word processed rather than typeset It 

was produced with a very readable dot-matrix printer. Once 

into the documentation I never thought about it again until this 

writing. 

Overall the documentation's writing style seems a bit dated; 

terse almost to the point of being telegraphic. (Walter Winchell?) 

It doesn't even pretend to be a beginner's guide to Pascal. It 

discusses the features present in the language implementation, 

clearly and succinctly. 

The Implementation 

1. External functions or procedures are separately compiled 

in Pascal or Assembly language, and when first referenced 

are automatically loaded and linked. Alternately, the external 

procedures or functions may be linked into one single 

module. 

2. Inactive procedures are purged by the run-time package 

whenever memory becomes full. The run-time package has 

a pseudo-time which tracks the loading sequence of each 

external procedure and when inactive procedures are being 

removed the oldest is selected. In the Apple Computer 

version (and others) of Pascal this is done specifically with 

the SEGMENT compiler word, in addition to the normal 

EXTERNAL declaration. The penalty, of course is loading 

time. The benefit is to allow the use of programs as large as 

may be stored on disk, as long as the individual procedures 

will fit in memory. 

3. 14-digit precision floating point m'athematics. Standard 

functions are supported. 

4. 1/0 supports sequential TEXT and two kinds of random 

disk access. A relative byte address mode allows access to 

random files of variable length records. 

5. Disk files may be opened in both " text" and " binary" format 

6. There are system " built-ins" (intrinsics) which include full 

access to all CP/ M operating system services, or any other 

machine language routine anywhere in memory. CPU 


egisters may be set up as variables and passed to the 

assembler routine, and the CPU registers are automatically 

returned to the variables following the call. Another built-in, 

MAP, provides a method to make a variable or array point to 

a specific memory location or range (nice for memory 

mapped 1/0 and graphics, and PEEKs and POKEs for the 

Apple's "softswitches"). 

7. A debugging feature including a line trace mode (line 

numbers of the compiler listing) or procedure trace mode. 

Each can be initiated from the keyboard at or after run-time 

as well as from within programs. 

8. A program analysis procedure, called ACTNAN, which 

creates a histogram of program usage to show where time 

is being spent ACTNAN allows the option of specifying 

which program lines (actually compilation listing lines) are 

to be analyzed. 

While the program is running, ACTNAN is monitoring 

program activity. Press CTRL-A and an interrupt brings you to a 

menu of choices which allow you to clear counters, print 

histogram, initialize a new line range for analysis or run the 

program without further monitoring. 

Software provided: 

JRT Pascal Compiler (in seven segments) 

Run-time Environment (EXEC. COM) 

External functions (ARCTAN, COS, SIN,LN (natural log),SQRT) 

External Procedures (PASCAL) 

Letters (block letters) 

JST AT (statistical procedures) 

JGRAF (terminal oriented graphics) 

External Procedures (assembler) 

Setbit 

Resetbit 

Testbit 

External Procedure Assembler which produces linkable code 

(8080 only). 

Microsoft 8080 '. REL' file converter for linkable code. 

Linker - merges some or all external procedures to main 

program. 

Dynamic Trace Control 

Customize to alter system description ED (the ubiquitous and 

forever unfriendly CP/ M editor) 

Running the system is not necessarily simple, but it is 

straightforward. First go through the normal thinking and 

planning process of creating a program. (That's the trouble 

with Pascal it forces you to think -PCW) Then create your 

source files with ED or (with many suggestions for avoiding 

pitfalls, Wordstar). 

Compile the Pascal program, procedure, Assembly routine 

etc. Go through the linking procedure, if necessary or desirable. 

When everything is ready, "EXEC (programname)" and you 

are running your program. 

Compiler Options 

Compilers usually have optional characteristics, and JRT 

PASCAL is no different The following options are available. 

$E - Error Stop 

$L · Enable Line Trace 

$P - Enable Procedure Trace 

The compile-time options are matched by a set of run-time 

options, which are: 

\ 

$A - do ACTNAN interrupt before execution. 

$L - do Line Trace immediately upon execution. 

$N - Do EXEC interrupt immediately upon execution 

$P - Do a Procedure Trace immediately upon execution. 

Each option can be initiated under program control, or from 

the keyboard with a CTRL-A (for ACTNAN) or CTRL-N (for 

EXEC interrupts). 

The activated interrupts allow some system parameters to 

be displayed and modified. CTRL-P directs an echo of the 

screen activity to the printer (which is a standard CP/ M feature). 

Program errors cause visual messages (although this too 

can be suppressed) or, when serious enough, cause termination 

with a formatted display of critical system data. Minimal 

display: 

addr :nnnn 

base :nnnn 

low :nnnn 

prog :nnnn 

cur :nnn 

compr:nnnn 

size :nnnn 

tos :nnnn 

purge: 

. .. and may optionally include the name of the most recently 

referenced file, a status byte and the current default disk If 

external procedures were being used a table is printed as well. 

exproc name addr use cnt time stat 

filename nnnn nnnn nnnn nn 

The information shows procedure name, main memory 

storage location, whether the procedure is currently loaded in 

main memory, relative time of last use and some status 

information about the activity or non-activity at the moment of 

the abort 

Data Types 

Data types are one of the nicest points of Pascal in general. 

JRT PASCAL supports: 

INTEGER (decimal or hexadecimal) 

REAL ( 10-64 to 1063 

BOOLEAN 

CHAR 

STRUCTURED (record) 

DYNAMIC STRINGS (up to 64K for one string) 

SETS 

POINTER 

The CASE statement has a non-standard ELSE clause 

which will execute when the selector expression is not within 

the prescribed range. Additionally, the standard constant 

labels have been augmented with expressions. Thus: 

CASE ANGLE of 

PHI : WRITELN ('PHI'); 

2.0 * PHI : WRITELN ('two PHI'); 

3.0 * PHI : WRITELN ('three PHI'); 

ELSE : WRITELN ('angle not on NODE'); 

END; 

New Release 

The JRT people have performed an excellent end-run during 

the writing of this review. A new release, 3.0, has been 

announced. There is no upgrade path. Simply buy the new 

version (this time I will make the order C. 0. D.) and dig in to the 

new features and extended manual. The reported actual time 

for completion and beginning delivery was stated as ... well, 

we'll see. 

• 

April 1983 53

Few Sundays ago 1 was down at Uncle Zeb's store, havin' a 

brew with the boys and shootin' the breeze. Uncle Zeb's is a real 

fine place cause everybody that comes through Lizard Lick 

stops in to see what's going on. We have a lot of fun laughing at 

the yokels that come through. Uncle Zeb makes us real 

comfortable. He has plenty of cold beer there and sets up a lV 

and some chairs for us. Things was real slow that day cause on 

account of the football strike there wasn't anything worth 

watching on the the television. 

So we was kind of talkin about this'n that when John-boy 

asked how things was coming with my computer. I'd told them 

all about it since 1 won it in the contest and tried to figure out 

how to make it work Most times 1 talk about it they get all glassyeyed 

like they'd been back at the still and try to change the 

subject John-boy's usually the first to do that So 1 was real 

surprised when he asked me about it Well, like 1 said, things 

was real slow that day. 

1 started to tell them about my troubles with the tractor feed. 

Bout the middle of October, right after the harvest, 1 was going 

through some of my computer magazines catchin up on the 

readin 1 hadn't been able to do on account of farmin and all 

keepin me so busy. Well l saw this ad for a $400.00 tractor feed 

in one of them magazines. 1 thought this was kind of funny, 

selling a tractor feed in a computer magazine, but the price was 

right so 1 called the company that was selling it My old one was 

starting to break down a lot and Paul, our local expert on such 

things, said it only had a .couple more months left in it 

When 1 called the company they said it was a tractor feed for a 

Qume. l figured that must be some new Japanese model cause 

I'd never heard of it, so anyway 1 asked if it would work on my 

John Deere. Well, they said they'd never heard of one, which 

was real strange, but they said they'd send it along anyway and 1 

could return it if it didn't work They said they'd send it through 

the mail, which 1 couldn't figure out cause the last one 1 got 


Our Man in Lizard Lick Looks at ... 

The Role of a New Machine 

by Alan B. Fid 

.. ~ 

.. . ' 

came on a flatbed. Sure enough a week later the postman 

comes up to the house with this overgrown cigar box 

I figured there had to be some kind of mistake. Inside the box 

there was this silly little contraption made up of bars and gears. 

It was way too small and flimsy, and try as I might I couldn't find 

any way to hook it up to my tractor. . So I had to pack the thing 

back up again and send it back These computer folks can sure 

be screwy sometimes. 

About this time Mike roared up on his motorcycle and came 

stamping into Uncle Zeb's. Mike is kirid of our local oddball. He 

has a beard and lives by himself in this trailer back in the woods. 

We kind of like him cause he doesn't make too much trouble 

but you never know what he's gonna say next He heard what 

we was talking about and right away said"! tell you what a 

computer ought to do!" 

"I do lots of traveling from farm to farm doing odd jobs." We 

all knew that, but we let him go on anyway." I need something to 

help me when I have to count somebody's cows and calves at 

night Them calves are real hard to see in the dark, so it should 

have a counter and a light in it Maybe you could call it 'Visicalf.' 

It should be a real small computer, too, so I can carry it on my 

motorcyde." Mike usually comes up with dumb things, but this 

was about as dumb as a funeral for a dead rock 

Uncle Zeb was disgusted and suggested that maybe the 

computer could be smart enough to tell Mike when to come in 

out of the rain. That got the rest of the boys started. Woody said 

he wanted a computer to keep track of what was going on 

behind his barn cause he was havin sorhe trouble with his son 

goin back there all the time with Jo·Anne, that Felt girl with all 

the· curves. 

Pastor Steve kind of'harumphed" at this, but said he needed 

a computer to keep track of which saint was iri charge of what 

and what the saint's days were. There was so many people 

coming in with problems that he couldn't keep track of who 

was the patron saint of what and never was really sure which 

one to pray to. A computer that could keep track of icons and 

all that religious stuff would be great 

Then Rance said he needed a computer to keep track of the 

bookkeeping fc;ir his still. He thought his partner might be 

sippin some on the side, so to speak Dave said that was a good 

idea cause he rieeded one to keep track of his booze supplies 

cause Lynda Mae was always puttin on these big parties and the 

stuff kept on disappearing. 

Things was going just great and the boys was really havin a 

great time when Cathie, Zeb's wife, came back from the front of 

the store to say there was a phone call for me. Betsy Ann was on 

the phone to say that our daughter, Maggie Sue, had just said 

"fortran" to her in the kitchen so I had to go home to give her a 

whuppin. I left just as Deputy Lou said he needed a computer to 

figure out how many more speeding tickets he had to write to 

afford a vacation in Canada this year. 

ti 

April 1983 55

What's on the Menu? 

by Peter C. Weiglin 

You may still get an argument in some quarters, but the 

generally accepted opinion is that the screen-display menu is 

the most user-friendly way to guide yourself, or someone else, 

through the steps of executing a program. Particularly some· 

one else. The other approaches involve the need to have 

instructions and information external tb the cqmputer, such as 

a reference card of the commands which yield desired actions, 

usually accompanied by a well-thumbed printed manual. 

_In any computer language or format, what happens when a 

menu choice is made is that the program jumps to the section 

of the code that will carry out that function. Upon completion of 

the task, the program jumps back to the menu code section, to 

offer the next choice. 

That's true regardless of the way the menu is formatted on 

the screen. The classic "cafeteria" menu shown in Figure 1 

offers numbered choices and offers an invitation to pick one. 

Now look at Figure 2, the" command line" menu, which looks 

different but is identical in function. Why use one or the other? 

Well, the command line consumes less screen space, but the 

cafeteria is less cryptic in explaining options. "Add/ Delete 

Records" is more informative and reassuring than "A(D/ DL". 

The choice of menu type depends in part on just how 

complicated the choices are; how much information should be 

conveyed at that moment (Hint: if you're saying " Well, that 

should be obvious to anyone", it probably isn't) 

So let's look at menus, and the BASIC and Pascal programs 

which construct them. Funny how we think; because the 

Pascal operating system uses a command line, we associate 

command lines with Pascal and cafeteria menus with BASIC. 

But the format is independent of language. (Did we catch you 

off guard?) 

We have a hypothetical program, which creates and updates 

an equally hypothetical file on a data disk In the best tradition, 

it's "menu-driven". Our cafeteria menu might look like this: 

HYPOTHETICAL FILE 

WHAT'S YOUR PLEASURE? 

1. SHOW/CHANGE RECORD 

2. LOAD/SAVE FILE . 

3. ADD/ DELETE RECORDS 

4. SORT THE FILE 

5. PRINT OUT FILE 

6. END ACTMTY 

ENTER NUMBER OF ACTMTY: 

Figure 1 

A command line to do exactly the same thing would have, at 

the top or bottom of the screen, a line like: 

D(ISP L(D/SV A(D/ DL S(ORT P(RNT Q(UIT 

Figure 2 

What happens is that a six·way branching process is set up, 

so that control jumps to the program segment which handles 

the selected chore. At the end of these program segments, 

execution is returned to the beginning of the menu routine. 

BASIC Cafeteria 

Before we get into the menu, note that in Line 20, we've 

defined strings D$ (the DOS operator) as CHR$(13) + 

CHR$(4); and GG$ (two bells) as CHR$(7) + CHR$(7). String 

GG$ provides an audible signal that an invalid value has been 

entered. (Sure, we could have called it " BL$" or " BE$" ; but it is 

two Control G's, after all . .. ) 

Lines 100 and above are there to represent the "rest of the 

program". Lines 1000 and 1010 in the full-screen display 

listings are subroutines to center and print the title. We have 

shown Lines 100 and above only in the first listing to save 

space, but they belong in all three BASIC listings. 

For the BASIC programs, the menus begin at Line 60. 

Listing 1 is an Applesoft BASIC program framework for the 

cafeteria menu, using the riumber·select method of choosing 

the activity. Lines 61 to 68 clear the screen and print the menu 

choices. Line 70 asks for and GETs your choice, which it will 

regard as a string named A$. 

Using the GET function rather than INPUT allows immediate 

execution of the selected activity without the need to press 

«RETaRN». GET is, of course, limited to one-character re· 

sponses. It also requires that PRINT command immediately 

after it; consider them inseparable; GET A$ : PRINT. 

Now, in Line 72, we convert A$ into an integer variable, A'fo. 

Well, if we were going to need an integer, why didn't we ask for 

the integer entry iri the first place rather than a string? Because 

if we had requested GET A% : PRINT, and someone had hit any 

key other than a number, we get the dreaded ?REENTER, with 

line feeds, and general havoc on the screen. GETting a string is 

an error trap; Line 74 evaluates the entered data and limits the 

acceptable keyboard responses to values between one and six 

(the number of items on our menu). Note too that Line 74 

sends goofs back (with the bell) to Line 70, not to Line 60. It's 

cleaner and quicker not to clear and re-display the whole menu 

screen, and that's why Line 70 has its own VT AB statement 

The key line, assuming eventual entry of an acceptable 

response, is Line 76, which is an ON .. . GOTO statement The 

six numbers after the GOTO, separated by commas, are the 

starting line numbers of the corresponding program segments. 

If you have chosen activity 3, A% has been set equal to three, 


and the ON .. . GOTO statement counts to the third line 

number listed. That's 300 in this case, and the Add/ Delete 

program segment is called into play. Line 399 represents the 

end of the Add/ Delete program segment, and is a GOTO 

statement which sends us back to the menu. The TEXT : 

HOME statements in Line 61 clear the screen, as does HOME 

in Line 75, to prevent some interesting but useless text 

overlays. 

BASIC Command Line 

The command line menu program code in Applesoft BASIC 

is shown in Listing 2. (Remember, Lines 100 to 1010 are the 

same as in Listing 1.) The TEXT : HOME statements in Line 61 

are separated from the menu display in Line 62 because you 

may not want to clear the screen when you display the 

command line. To clear the screen, GOTO 61; to leave existing 

text on the screen (below the second screen line), GOTO 62. 

Line 62 in oLir sample displays the menu at the top line of the 

screen, then uses CALL-868 to clear the second screen line for 

a bit of "black space" . POKE 34,2 keeps the menu · from 

scrolling off The TEXT command, or POKE 34,0, used 

anywhere, will release the frozen portion of the screen. 

The choice is made by entering the first letter of the choice in 

response to the GET A$ : PRINT in Line 66. Here, we use only 

the string variable, instead of the numeric variable required for 

ON ... GOTO. The single-character string operates through 

six IF ... THEN statements, Lines 70 to 75, to send program 

control to the right place. Line 80 is the error trap; any entry that 

isn't one of the six menu choice letters gets the GonG, and 

sends you back for another try. 

Yes, you could use the IF ... THEN approach with the 

cafeteria menu, using the numbers as single-character strings. 

Now that we've covered two screen displays (cafeteria and 

command line), and two methods of dispatching control 

(ON ... GOTO and IF . .. THEN), let's try something fancier. 

How about a cafeteria menu that features moving arrows 

instead of numbers? 

Listing 3 is a program segment for the menu that lists our six 

options. Arrows at the left and right point to an option, and that 

option is highlighted in inverse print The left and right arrow 

keys move the arrows up and down respectively, and «RETURN» 

selects the option to which the arrows currently point The 

arrows wrap around from bottom to top, and from top to 

bottom. 

Lines 40 through 4 7 in Listing 3 work with Line 64 to show an 

alternative to displaying cafeteria menu choices. By separately 

identifying the activity lines as M$(1) instead of including them 

in PRINT statements, modification is easier and you have a 

multi-use framework Note too that spaces have been added 

before and after the menu words, to improve appearance when 

highlighted. 

Line 48 determines the first and last screen lines on which 

the menu items will be printed; the "VL%" and "VH% " are VTAB 

Low and VT AB High respectively. Line 49 sets the arrow strings 

LA$ and RA$, and the blanking or " un-arrow" string BK$_ 

Line 50 takes us to Line 60 (jumping past the print 

subroutines). Lines 61 to 65 display the menu on the screen, 

and Line 70 sets the arrows. Line 72 was put in here just for the 

demo. 

Oh oh, Line 72 is a POKE statement; this is getting too 

complicated. Well, not really. What POKE -16368,0 does is to 

clear the keyboard, readying it for the next keypress. Now that 

we've reset it, let's see if a key was pressed. Line 73 PEEKs at 

the place in the computer's memory where a keypress shows 

up. As long as the value is less than 128, no key has been 

pressed, and Line 73 is a continuing loop, waiting, waiting, 

waiting ... 

But press a key, and the value jumps to more than 128. The 

value, by the way, corresponds to the ASCII code value of the 

character plus 128. If you press «RETURN», the ASCII value is 

141 ( 13 plus 128), causing Line 7 4 to send us to Line 91 , and 

off to the races. 

If it's the right arrow key, Line 76 reads the value 149 and 

sends us to Lines 82 - 83. With only one valid value left, that of 

136 for the left arrow, we now tell Line 77 to send everything 

else back to Line 72, resetting the keyboard and waiting for 

another try. The left arrow drops through to Lines 79 - 81. 

The mechanism to move the arrows and highlights works 

this way. We first VT AB to the current value ofV%, and blank out 

the arrows using Subroutine 55. Then we adjust the value ofV% 

(minus 2 to go up two screen lines if a left arrow; plus 2 to go 

down two screen lines if a right arrow). We also adjust M% by 

one in the appropriate direction. M% is the integer variable 

controlling which menu item receives the arrows and inverse 

highlighting. M% will also operate the ON .. . GOTO in Line 87 

after «RETURN•> is pressed. 

Next, we must check to see if we're already at the b.ottom or 

the top, and need to wrap around. Lines 80 or83 do that Then, 

Line 86 with Subroutine 52 prints the arrows and highlighted 

menu line. Line 90 resets the loop after an arrow key is pressed 

and the display adjusted. 

The arrow menu is the most foolprpof menu for the user, but 

it is more complicated and uses more program memory 

space. That's always the case: you endure increased complexity 

in any program to gain increased user-friendliness and 

bombproofing. It is neither secret nor accident the1t the 

programming trend is in the direction of more complex 

programs making things easier for. the user. 

A variation of the arrow menu involves addition of letters or 

numbers, allowing the user either to press a single letter or 

number, or to move the arrows and press «RETURN» . 

IF ... THEN statements in new lines inserted between 73 and 

77 could take care of this additional feature. Again, more 

features mean more complexity. 

Pascal Cafeteria and Command Line 

Listing 4, CAFEDEMO, is a cafeteria menu demonstration 

listing in Pascal. Listing 5, COMMDEMO, shows the command 

line menu method. Both of these do the same things as their 

BASIC counterparts. The declarations and GETCHAR function 

are identical. If the constant values for HOME, EOL and 

EOS look strange, it's because these were done with Apple /// 

Pascal. For the Apple II, the comparable normal values are 

HOME= 12; EOL = 29; EOS = 11 . 

In both the cafeteria and command line examples, the CASE 

statement is used, making up the bulk of the Main Program 

section. Procedures for the functions are only inaicated in this 

example. The Me1in Program is REPEATed UNTIL the command 

to Quit is given. 

Pascal Arrow Menu 

A complete Arrow Menu program section in Pascal is shown 

in Listing 6. Here the Main Program is even shorter, being little 

more than a way to get to the MENU procedure until you quit 

April 1983 57

We assume that Function GETCHAR and Procedure SPA CON 

are somewhere in the program for universal use. GETCHAR is 

a bit different, to show another wrinkle; the KEYPRESS 

function from APPLESTUFF is used to keep the cursor dark on 

the screen. (Thanks to Steve Lloyd for providing that idea.) 

Within Procedure MENU, local variables are declared. Within 

MENU, Procedure WHICHWA Y processes the keypresses, and . 

Procedure MOVEARROWS does just that The results are the 

same as those obtained from the BASIC program in Listing 3. 

Sub-Menus 

Many programs have more than one menu, with a Main 

Menu augmented by sub-menus within the program function 

sections. In fact, we've seen programs with three or more 

"layers" of menus. All of these follow the same guidelines. A 

problem with layered or tiered menus is the tedium of stepping 

through this hierarchy; you should try to achieve a design that 

minimizes the number of different menus in a program. 

Another hint is to vary the appearance of different menus so 

that they are not confused. The cafeteria and command line 

menus are often mixed within the same program for that 

reason. 

Separate Programs 

Where an overall BASIC program is too large for effective 

use of memory, one approach is to use separate programs for 

the different functions, and a Main Menu program to RUN the 

function programs. This Main Menu program can also be a 

HELLO program for a turnkey operation. The Main Menu acts 

as a dispatcher, switching programs in and out as they are 

called for. Thus, a menu selection of "1" in our cafeteria 

sample would trigger ON . . . GOTO to a line number reading: 

100 PRINI D$;'RUN SHOW RE.CORD'. 

At the conclusion of this program's activity, the line returning 

control to the main menu would read: 

199 PRINT D$;'RUN HELLO' 

and the Main Menu program (if that's what you named it) would 

load. This, of course, requires that the programs all be on the 

same disk, and accounts for the fact that tnuch commercial 

software is sold with separate Program and Data disks. 

Whether the Arrow menu or any other design survives your 

initial fascination is, of course, up to you. The main thing to 

remember is that every menu should be written for someone 

else to use, requiring as little recourse to outside documenta· 

tion as possible. (Now, where did I put that reference card ... ?) 

10 REM ************************* 

11 REM * MENUS * 

12 REM * LISTING 1 * 

13 REM * CAFETERIA MENU * 

17 REM * APPLE ORCHARD * 

18 REM * PETER C. WEIGLIN * 

19 REM ************************* 

20 D$ = CHR$ (13) + CHR$ (4):GG 

$ = CHR$ (7) + CHR$ (7) 

60 REM MENU 

61 TEXT : HOME 

62 

64 

VTAB 3: GOSUB 1010 

PRINT : PRINT "WHAT'S YOUR PL 

EASURE?: ": PRINT 

66 PRINT " 1. SHOW/CHANGE REC 

ORD": PRINT : PRINT " 2. 

LOAD/SAVE FILE": PRINT 

67 PRINT " 3. ADD/DELETE RECO 

RDS": PRINT : PRINT " 4. 

SORT TIIE FILE": PRINT 

68 PRINT " 5. PRINT OUT FILE" 

: PRINT : PRINT " 

ACTIVITY": PRINT 

6. END 

70 VTAB 21: HTAB 3: INVERSE : PRINT 

" ENTER NUMBER OF ACTIVITY: 

" ; : NORMAL : GET A$: PRINT 

72 A% = VAL (A$) 

74 IF A% ( 1 OR A% > 6 THEN . PRINT 

GG$: GOTO 70 

75 

76 

HOME 

ON A% GOTO 100,200,300,400,50 

0,600 

78 REM END MENU 

100 REM PROGRAM SEGMENT FOR SHOW 

/CHANGE RECORD 

150 PRINT "DISPLAY": FOR I = 1 TO 

1000: NEXT 

199 

200 

GOTO 60: REM BACK TO MENU 

REM PROGRAM SEGMENT FOR LOAD 

/SAVE FILE 

250 PRINT "LOAD/SAVE": FOR I = 1 

TO 1000: NEXT 

299 

300 


REM PROGRAM SEGMENT FOR ADD/ 

DELETE RECORD 

350 PRINT "ADD/DELETE": FOR I= 

1 TO 1000: NEXT 

399 GOTO 60: REM BACK TO MENU 

400 REM PROGRAM SEGMENT FOR SORT 

FILE PROCESS 

450 PRINT "SORT": FOR I 1 TO 1 

000: NEXT 

499 

500 


REM PROGRAM SEGMENT TO PRINT 

OUT FILE 

550 PRINT "PRINT OUT": FOR I = 1 

TO 1000: NEXT 

599 GOTO 60: REM BACK TO MENU 

600 REM PROGRAM SEGMENT TO END 

ACTIVITY 

610 HOME : VTAB 12: PRINT "DO YO 

U WISH TO END ACTIVITY (Y/N) 

620 

? " ; : GET A$ : PRINT 

IF A$ < > "Y" GOTO 60: REM 

GO BACK 

630 HOME : VTAB 12: PRINT "'BYE; 

NICE WORKING WITH YOU.": END 

1000 HTAB (20 - ( LEN (Q$) / 2)) 

: PRINT Q$: RETURN 

1010 Q$ = "HYPOTHETICAL FILE" : GOSUB 

1000 : PRINT : RETURN 


10 REM ************************* 


12 REM* LISTING 2 * 

13 REM * COMMAND LINE * 


18 · REM* PETER C. WEIGLIN * 

19 REM ************************* 

20 D$ = CHR$ (13) + CHR$ (4):GG 

$ = CHR$ (7) + CHR$ (7) 

60 REM COMMAND LINE MENU 

61 

62 

TEXT : HOME 

VTAB 1: PRINT "D(ISP L(D/SV A 

(DD/DEL S(ORT P(RNT Q(UIT": PRINT 

: CALL - 868: POKE 34,2 

66 GET A$: PRINT 

69 REM HERE'S THE APPLESOFT IMI 

TATION OF CASE STATEMENTS 

70 IF A$ = "D" THEN TEXT HOME 

: GOTO 100 

71 IF A$ = "L" THEN TEXT HOME 

: GOTO 200 

72 IF A$ = "A" THEN TEXT HOME 

: GOTO 300 

73 IF A$ = "S" THEN TEXT HOME 

74 : GOTO 400 

IF A$ = "P" THEN TEXT HOME 

GOTO SOO 

7S IF A$ = "Q" THEN TEXT HOME 

: GOTO 600 

80 PRINT GG$: GOTO 62: REM IF 

NONE OF THE ABOVE, SIGNAL AN 

D GO BACK 

82 REM END MENU 

10 REM ************************* 


12 REM* LISTING 3 * 

13 REM * ARROW MENU * 


18 REM * PETER C. WEIGLIN * 

19 REM ************************* 

20 D$ = CHR$ (13) + CHR$ (4):GG 

$ = CHR$ (7) + CHR$ (7) 

40 REM MENU ITEM STRINGS 

41 M$(1) " SHOW/CHANGE RECORD " 

42 M$(2) " LOAD/SAVE FILE " 

43 M$(3) " ADD/DELETE RECORDS " 

46 M$(6) = " END ACTIVITY " 

47 MH% = 6: REM NO OF MENU ITEMS 

48 VL% = 8:VH% = 6 + (MH% * 2): REM 

FIRST AND LAST MENU SCREEN 

VTAB LINES 

49 LA$ = "==)":RA$ = "

.· ) ; 

60 ) 

(:,!) ) 

.~. (> ) 

6 0) j 

6 0 ); 

Listing 4 

F'ROGF(AM CAFEDEMOl 

CON:3T 

ESC = 27; 

HOME = 2:3; 

EOL = 3 1; 

Et)S = 29; 

BELL = 7; 

Es ca.Pe 

Home } 

End of Lin0 

Er1d of Scr·eer1 

Bel 1 J 

TYPE 

SETOFCHAR SET OF CHAR; 

VAR 

N : INTEGER; 

CH, SELECT : CHAR; 

DATAFILE : TEXT; 

PROCEDURE PRINTHEADER; 

BEGIN 

WR ITELN ( CHR (HOME l .) ; 

GOTOXY < 19,2); 

WRITELN ( ... - - ------------------------------------- ... l; 

WRITELN < ··· : 

WRITELN < ·· : CAFETERIA MENU 

WR I TELN < ... : ---------------------------------------- 

END; C F'r·intheade r· ) 

FUNCTION GETCHAR ; 

SETOFCHAR >: CHAR; 

IF EOLN THEN CH := CHR

)> 

~ 

; 

El\ID; ( Comml ine } 

FUNCTION GETCHAR IOKSET SETOFCHARI: CHAR; 

VAR CH CHAR; 

GOOD : BOOLEAN; 

BEGii'J 

REPEAT 

READ

en 

[\) PROCEDIJRI:: GEr:::AVE; 

)> 

""CJ 

""CJ 

ro- 

0 ...., 

n 

:T 

Ql 

3. 

BECill~ 

El~D; CGetsave) 

PRCCEDIJRE ADDDELE; 

BEGIN 

END; UlddDe I ei 

PROCE~JRE SORTFILE; 

BEGIN 

!::ND; rnor-tfi lE·) 

PROCEDURE PRINTFILE; 

BECiIN 

END; lPr-intfile) 

PROCEDURE MENU; 

VAF' 

RARROW, LARROW, BLANUUE : STRI NG; 

MENNUM, TOP; BOTTOM : INTEGER; 

NEt-J, OLD : I IH LGER; 

MENUITEM: ARRAY [1 .. 6J OF STR INGC 20J; 

MUVE : CHAR; 

PHOCEDURE f•l1JVE::Ar~HOt,.JS; 

BECiII~ 

GOfOXYClO, NEWJ; WRITE (LARROW>; GUTUX Y (35, NEWl; WRITE CRARROWJ; 

GOTO XYC lO,OLDJ; WRITE CBLAN~JEJ; GOTOXY 135,0LDI; WRITE CBLANQUEJ; 

Ll'l!D; ( 11ove"a.r·r· ows 

PFWCEDURE~ vJH I CHW~ Y; 

BEGIN 

130TCHA : = FAL::::r:: ; 

WHILE CNOT GOTC~Al DO 

BFGil'J 

DCnOXY (5/,2i) ; 

MOVE := GETCHAR CEC~RCL~J. CHRCDOWNJ, CHRCOUTIJJ; 

IF MOVE = CHRC~~) THEN 

IF NEW = TOP THEN 

BEGIN 

OLD : = NEt-J; 

NEvJ : = 80T"f0i1; 

E: l~D 

r::L::::E 

BEGIN 

OLD :=NEW; NEW := CNEW - 21; 

END 

EU::E IF MOVE. = CHR C DOl.JN I THEI' 

IF NEW= 801TOM THEN 

BEGII~ 

OLD : = NEl-J; 

NEvJ : = TOP; 

END 

EL::::E 

BEGIN 

OLD : = NEl-J; 

NEW ·- CMEVJ + 21; 

END; 

i10VEl'\HROl·V::; 

IF MOVE= CHRCOUTJ THEN GOTC~A : = TRUE; 

END; C Whi 12 l 

SELECT : = ( t'El.J ·- ::':I DIV 2; 

END; ( vJhichW·3.Y ) 

BEGIN CMenu) 

MENNUM := 6; 

MENU ITEM[ 1 J • = 

MENU I TEMC2J : = 

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Internationally-acclainied 

The ultilnate in copy de-protection 

CRACK-SHOT is a total system comprised of hardware and software 

modules. CRACK-SHOT is easy to use, designed for users and 

progranuners. Eliminates ••owners paranoia'' about disk failure. 

Provfdes quick, easy, reliable archival backups for critical software 

with a Dip of a switch. Allows transferal of software to hard disk. 

Be an Arcade King. yse CRAC"·SHOT 

as a gaming tool 

. to stop, start and save a game at any level.

Format Il was tested for six 

months in the demanding 

arena of Wall Street. Distriliuted 

by local dealers 

to law firms, financial 

institutions, and 

the like, Format Il was 

used by secretaries and 

non-technical personnel. Overwhelmingly, 

Format Il was recognized as one of the easiest 

and most effective word processing systems 

available in any form. 

Here's why Format Il is unique among word 

processing programs: 

What you see is what you get. Format Il 

performs virtually any editing and formatting function 

you can imagine and displays on the screen 

the text exactly as it will print out-paragraphs, 

underlining, justification, page breaks. 

Simple to Use. You edit and format text with 

single key strokes. "D" for delet.e,/ E" for edit, '.T' for 

insert, "J" for justify, etc. Easy-to-remember com- 

, mands because they make sense. 

It supports all 

printers compatible 

with the Apple. 

Shadow printing, boldfacing, 

proportional 

spacing, sub- and superscripting 

are all available. 

Includes a sophisticated 

Mailing List. Stores and re 

. trieves names and addresses 

which . may be printed on labels or incorporated 

into doC:uments. Powerful "logic" commands allow 

you to select only those records which match 

specified criteria. 

And more. Format Il is lightning fast and 

menu driven. Add them all together and it's clear 

why Format Il has generated such enthusiasm. 

Now, at a cost of $250, you too can buy the best. 

Format Il is available from most local dealers. 

If not, ask them to .contact us, .or orqer directly and 

. receive a 30 day money~backguarantee : 

Kensington Microware Ltd., 919 Third Ave. 

New York, NY 10022, (212) 486-7707 

IP'Alt KENSINGTON 

I~ MICROWARE 

System Requirements: 48K Apple® II Plus with 80 column card.

F'Or Line Surge Suppression 

The SYSTEM SAVER provides essential 

protection to hardware and 

data from dangerous power surges 

and spikes. 

SYSTEM SAVER _J 'I 

APPLE II 

130 

-I-cf---'~ Volts 

RMS 

T 

By connecting the Apple II 

power input through the SYSTEM 

SAVER, power is controlled in two 

ways: 1) Dangerous voltage spikes 

are clipped off at a safe 130 Volts 

RMS/175 Volts de level. 2) High frequency 

noise is smoothed out before 

reaching the Apple II. A PI type 

filter attenuates common mode 

noise signals by a minimum of 

30 dB from 600 khz to 20 mhz, with 

a maximum attenuation of 50 dB. 

For Cooling 

As soon as you move to 64K RAM 

or 80 columns on your Apple II you 

need SYSTEM SAVER. 

Today's advanced peripheral 

cards generate more heat. In addition, 

the cards block any natural air 

flow through the Apple II creating 

high temperatµre conditions that 

substantially reduce the life of the 

cards and the computer itself. 

SYSTEM SAVER provides correct 

cooling. An efficient, quiet fan 

draws fresh air across the mother 

board, over the power supply and 

out the side ventilation slots. 

For Operating . Efficiency 

SYSTEM SAVER contains . . 

The heavy duty switch has a 

pilot light to alert when system is 

9n.You'll never use the Apple power 

switch again! · 

Easy Installation 

Just clips on. 

No mounting or 

hardware required. 

Color matched 

to Apple II. 

~@LISTED l 

PATENT PENDING 

Compatible with Apple Stand 

SuggestedRetail saggs 

One Year Warranty . 

Kensington Microware Ltd. 

919 Third Avenue 

New York, NY 10022 

(212) 486-7707 

WAtl KENSINGTON 

I~ MICROWARE

From the IAC Office. • • 

Ken Silverman, Executive Director 

The IAC has received many calls trying to find a " local" 

Apple dealer handling the "Apple Tech Notes". It seems many 

dealers haven't stocked them and don't intend to do so. As the 

IAC wishes to get the most information out to the maximum 

number of users, we are now making "Apple Tech Notes" 

available directly to you, the end user. (See ad in this issue). 

As an update to what the !AC has sent in software to member 

clubs, the February mailing included a data base written in 

Pascal. It was donated by A.U.G.E (APPLE USER GROUP 

EUROPE). The program was designed to enable clubs to help 

individual members find other members living nearby who 

have the same interests. Both the program and the source files 

were sent so that an individual or club might modify it for their 

use. 

The !AC also sent an " Apple Bulletin Board System" 

donated by the Washington Apple Pi. This will enable our user 

groups to set up an electronic communication system via the 

phone lines. 

In the very near future, the lAC will be releasing its first 

Educational disk If there is some area of interest your club 

would like to see in a special disk, let us know and we will see ifit 

can be put together. Remember all this software is supplied to 

our member user groups at no cost to them. Check with your 

club to see if you can obtain a copy. 

Available from the /AC: 

Apple I I I Software 

Apple-CON (verter) Voll No. 1 

from Apple Computer, Inc. 

Vol2 No. 1 

Converts Applesoft programs to 

Vol2 No.2 

Business BASIC •.••••••••• $ 10.00 

Vol2 No.4 

DOS to SOS Converter . .. 10.00 

Vol3 No. 1 

File Cabinet I I I .......... 10.00 

Apple ] { Software 

Apple Orchard Back Issues 

Vol3 No.2 

Vol3 No.3 

Vol3 No. 4 

PascalAttach-BIOS disk ... 8.00 Vol3 No.4 

Hi-Res Games ( 9 on disk) ... 8.00 Vol3 No. 5 

Applesoft Tutorial ........ 8.00 Vol4 No. 1 

Educational Disk ......... 8.00 Vol4 No.2 

California residents add 6~ % sales tax. 

$2.00 

2.00 

2.00 

2.00 

2.50 

2.50 

2.50 

2.50 

2.50 

............ 2.50 

2.50 

............ 2.50 




Santa Clara, CA 95050

INTERNATIONAL APPLE CORE 

SPONSORING MEMBERS 

IAC Sponsors are a special breed. 

They are the organizations who 

contribute to and support many IAC 

activities. In addition, they provide us 

application notes concerning their 

products - notes that show new and 

different ways to utilize the sponsors' 

products with modifications for 

special purposes. When you consider 

a software or product purchase, 

give our sponsors special consideration; 

they have shown that they care 

about their customers. 

Advanced Operating Systems 

450 St John Rd. Suite 792 

Michigan City, IN 46360 

Apple Computer, Inc. 

10260 Bandley Dr. 

Cupertino, CA 95014 

Coivus Systems, Inc. 

2009 O'Toole Ave. 

San Jose, CA 95131 

East Side Software Co. 

344 E. 63rd Street 

Suite 14A 


AVS Electronics PTE Ltd. 

Block 9, 11-A First Floor 

Kallang Place 

Kallang Basin Ind. Est 

Singapore 1233 

Hayes Microcomputer 

5835 Peachtree Corners 

Norcross, GA 30092 

Houston Instrument Division 

8500 Cameron Rd. 

Austin, TX 78753 


Interactive Structures 

P.O. Box 404 

Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004 

Leading Edge Products 

225 Turnpike St 

Canton, MA 02021 

Legend Industries, LTD 

2220 Scott Lk Rd. 

Pontiac, Ml 48054 

M & R Enterprises 



Nestar Systems, Inc. 

2585 E. Bayshore Rd. 

Palo Alto, CA 94303 

Nibble-Micro-Spare, Inc. 

P.O. Box 325 

Lincoln, MA 01773 

Omega Microware 

222 S. Riverside Dr. 

Chicago, IL 60606 

Rana Systems 

20620 South Leapwood 

Carson, CA 907 46 

Source Telecomputing 

1616 Anderson Rd. 

McLean, VA 22102 

Steve Blackson Productions 

4613 Redwood Dr. 

Garland, TX 75043 

SVA, Inc. 

11722·D Sorrento Valley Rd. 

San Diego, CA 92121 

Syntauri, Ltd. 

3506 Waverly St 


Telecom Terminal Systems 

3903 Grandview Blvd. 

Los Angeles, CA 90066 

Verbatim Corporation 

323 Soquel Way 

Sunnyvale, CA 94086 

Xerox Retail Division 

7700 Edgewater Dr. 

Suite 360 

Oakland, CA 94621

NEW PRODUCTS FOR THE APPLE 

Edited by 

Mark L. Crosby 

Producers of products for the Apple line 

of computers should send news releases 

two months in advance to: 

NEW PRODUCTS EDITOR 


908 George St. 


The IAC cannot be held responsible for 

claims made by manufacturers. 

Contents: 

HARDWARE 

Input/ Output 

Memory 

Printers/ Plotters 

Miscellaneous 

SOFTWARE 

Business (General) 

Communications 

Educational 

Financial 

Games/ Simulations 

Graphics 

Languages (Programming) 

Personal 

Utilities 

Word Processing 

BOOKS/CATALOGS 

MISCELLANEOUS 

HARDWARE 

Input/ Output 

The Fly Board is an interfacing board that is 

specifically designed for the hobbyist who 

wants to get into hardware. 16 digital 1/0 

lines allow control of practically any project. 

Create a home weather station, automate 

laboratory processes, control model trains, 

use it for security or surveillance, or robot, 

printer, modem or keyboard control. The 

Fly Board comes with 2K of RAM for your 

programs. It will accept PR# commands 

and may be replaced with an EPROM for 

permanent storage. Includes two 36-inch 

DIP jumper cables, a User's. Manual (with 

many examples), a Summary Card and a 

128 page Engineer's Notebook - $130. 

Snave Systems ----- 

P. 0. Box 957 

Niles, IL 60648 

(312) 966-4505 

The AP-96 Upper/lower case ROM features 

a full 96 character ASCII set with true 

descenders. The AP-96 plugs in with no 

modifications to the Apple and is compatible 

with most word processing systems. 

For REV 7 or later Apple computers only. 

Lifetime warranty. $24.50 at your local 

computer store. 

MPC Peripherals Corporation 

9424 Chesapeake Drive 


(619) 278-0630 

This full function detachable keyboard 

uses firmware modules to optimize keyboard 

layout for any software package. 

Attaching easily to your Apple II, it will help 

you realize the full potential of the computer. 

Features 6 edit keys and 6 cursor control 

keys including up- and down-arrows, standard 

layout typewriter keyboard for typing 

efficiently, 10 key numeric pad, working 

shift key, 12 special function keys, preprogrammed 

to give you the most commonly 

used commands in each software 

package. It is detachable with a 6-foot 

coiled cord and is lightweight so you can 

use it on your lap. Firmware modules are 

available for all popular software packages, 

inluding BASIC, VisiCalc, Applewriter II, 

PFS, Word Handler, and many more. Installation 

requires no tools. Contact: 

Executive Peripheral Systems, Inc. 

800 San Antonio Road 


(415) 856-2822 

Four new joysticks are compatible with 

most microcomputers using special interfaces. 

Model 15-9714 offers a bat handle 

grip that fits comfortably in your hand and 

April 1983 69

offers smooth, quick 8-position movement 

Two fire buttons, one on the handle, the 

other on the base. Model 1 5-9730 is the 

same as you've used on most arcade 

model games. Provides 8·way directional 

action to give lightning quick response. 

Two fire buttons are provided - one on the 

handle and the other on the base. Model 15- 

9708 has a rugged, heavy duty base and 

four rubber grip pads that keep it from 

sliding. Each of the three models above 

require a Model 72-4525 Apple interface. 

Model 72-4521, for the Apple, is a trackball 

type joystick Offers the magic of 360 

degree movement to an infinite number of 

positions, and controls the speed of objects 

on the screen, as well. With two fire buttons. 

At your local dealer or write to: 

WICO Corporation 

6400 W. Gross Point Road 

Niles, IL 60648 

(312) 647-7500 

Touchpen on-screen digitizer increases ease 

of computer access for graphics, program· 

ming and data entry. Provides on-screen, 

direct-to-screen bit pad emulation. It also 

features an on-screen keyboard bypass for 

non-typists. Gives on-screen prompting 

and assistance, CAD graphics manipulation, 

menu selection, freehand drawing, animation, 

object manipulation, text editing, data 

base management (bypassing keyboard), 

object-oriented systems and software driven. 

Consists of three main components: a 

pointing stylus; an intelligent controller and 

a transparent, conductive mesh-filter panel 

that mounts directly over the surface of the 

CRT display. The controller card simply 

plugs into a slot in the Apple II. A driver 

supplied emulates Apple Tablet Includes a 

diskette with low and high level driver, 

calibration programs and diagnostics. Specify 

12" or 13" diagonal monitor. 

Sun-Flex Company Inc. 

20 Pimentel Court 

Novato, CA 9494 7 

(415) 883-1221 

The Smartbuffer will let you mail every 

letter the day it is typed, print General 

Ledgers, monthly reports, and 20 page 

manuscripts while leaving the computer 

free for other projects. It "talks" to the 

computer at about 10,000 words per minute, 

then plays this back to the printer at the 

printer's speed. A parallel to parallel connection 

with 16K is $335.00, serial to serial 

is $379 and parallel/ serial is $429. 32K 

memory option - $59, 64K - $177, 128K - 

$413. Connect any computer with any 

printer. Other models and options will let 

you cross-connect two or more computers 

and printers, convert ASCII to EBCDIC, and 

interface to communication networks. 

Data-Match Corp. 

3810 Oakcliff Industrial Court 

Atlanta, GA 30340 

( 404) 441 -0308 

The Symtec Light Pen reads coordinates 

over the entire screen. Touch-tip or push tip 

models available. Uses range from videodisc 

and computer training to simplemenu 

selection and computer games. Apple pen 

works with Stoneware, lnc.'s new graphics 

processing system and Apple Super Pilot - 

$250. 

Symtec 

15933 West 8 Mile 

Detroit, Ml 48235 

(313) 272-2950 

Megaflex is a universal flexible disk controller 

designed specifically for the Apple II and 

111 computers. The Megaflex offers "trimode" 

operation, allowing users to connect 

it with standard 8-inch maxi drives, 5 

1/4·inch drives or the new 3-inch micro 

drives. Fully compatible with Apple SOS, 

DOS 3.3, Pascal and CPIM. Because all 

diskettes utilize the standard IBM 37401 

System 34 type format, diskettes are transportable 

from the Apple to other computer 

systems. Permits up to 4 drives installed per 

controller, for a maximum of 4 megabytes 

of on-line data storage. Uses half the power 

of a standard Apple mini-disk drive and 

controller. 

SVA 

11 722 Sorrento Valley Road 


(619) 452-0101 

The Stedi-Data guards against externally 

induced on-line noise and transients. Protection 

begins near the computer, and 

where long data transmission lines are 

employed. Both computer and terminal 

ends need protection. Nearly all modems 

are dependent on this protection for error 

free data transmission. Two models are 

available at $149.50 (protects lines 2, 3, 4, 

7) and $249.50 (protects lines 2 through 8 

and 20) 

National Field Sales, Inc. 

P. 0. Box 230 

Broomall, PA 19008 

(800) 345-1280 or (215) 352-9214 

Advanced Logic Systems has introduced 

three new video interface cards for Apple II 

and II Plus microcomputers. T he Smarterm 

II interface card provides Apple II users 

with automatic keystroke selection of an 

80-column screen display or the 40-column 

display of the standard Apple II. Provides 

user selection of inverse and normal or 

highlight and lowlight text, replaceable 

character sets for foreign languages, special 

characters or custom graphics, a 25th 

line for status update or use by WordStar 

word processing program. Compatible with 

DOS 3.3, Apple Pascal, CPI M-86 and CPI M 

Plus -$ 179.00. The Dirt Cheap Video interface 

card connects an Apple II or II Plus to a 

TV set with an RF modulator or monitor, 

and provides a 64-column display in addition 

to the standard 40-column display. It 

has many of the same features as the 

Smarterm II - $89.00. The Color II interface 

card connects your Apple II or II Plus to high 

or medium resolution RGB color monitors. 

It provides the highest quality color hues 

available on an RGB monitor. Cables are 

available for most RGB monitors including 

Amdek, Electro home and Zenith - $1 79.00. 

Advanced Logic Systems 

11995 East A rques Avenue 

Synnyvale, CA 94086 

(408) 730-0306 

The Super-MX card provides the Epson 

printers with just about the same quality 

print as the daisy-wheels. Roman font is the 

standard; now you can print Elite, Letter 

Gothic, Orator, Script and Olde English. 

Apple Hi-Res graphics is fully supported 

with a wide variety of commands including 

double dumps (side-by-side) of both hi-res 

pages, double size, emphasized, rotated, 

strip chart recorder mode and text screen 

dump. The two expansion sockets allow 

EPROM expansion to 12K to insure you 

that the card will remain the most intelligent 

interface around. An Epson MX-80 needs 

Graftrax or Graftrax-Plus. An MX-100 requires 

Graftrax-Plus. 90 day warranty. Super-MX 

card with cable - $175.00, Orator 

and Letter Gothic Fonts - $30.00, Script and 

Olde English - $30. 

Spies Laboratories 

P. 0. Box 336 

Lawndale, CA 90260 

(213) 644-0056 

Lower Case System is a hardware and 

software package that works with standard 

Apple II or II Plus. Most programs that are 

compatible with DOS 3.3 can now work in 

upper and lower case. Fully illustrated 

installation instructions are included. Features 

normal and inverse modes. Character 

set is identical to original Apple set, and all 

characters are on the same baseline. Compatible 

with several popular 80-column 

boards. Software binds itself into 48K DOS 

3.3 or Corvus 48K DOS 3.3. Also features 

user-defined function keys and 70 built-in 

functions, keyboard macros. Works with 

DOS Toolkit editor-assembler - $59.95. 

Practical Interfaces 

6794 Shawnee Run Road 

Madeira, OH 45243 

(513) 721-8743 


You Just Found It! 

E-Z Tax. The simplest tax preparation 

software ever developed was designed 

for your Apple II personal computer. 

Now you can prepare your own tax 

return without any knowledge of taxes 

or computer programming. From the 

moment you insert the E-Z Tax floppy 

disk, you'll be in full control. Every question 

is self-prompting and nothing is 

overlooked. 

If you make a mistake, the program 

lets you know about it immediately. If 

you need tax help, just press a button 

and you'll get the answer. Its simply 

the most amazing tax preparation software 

ever. 

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Please send me the 17'/10,;i~ g #/;/ Jots requested: 

- APPLE II --- IBM PC 

---ATARI 400 & 800 

---TOTAL REQUESTED 

x $69.95 each 

___ Total 

---CP/ M 

- ·--Plus Postage & Handling (54/klt) 

--- Plus C.O.D. Charges ($3/kit) 

---TOTAL ORDER 

(Enclose payment for this amount.) 

ACT NOW! 

Send: O Check O Money Order LJ C.0.D. 

Charge my credit card: [J Visa · 0 Mastercard 

Card #·_______ Exp. Date __. __ , 

Signature ____________ I 

Name 

I 

Address 

I 

City 

State __._ Zip ___: 

Mail this coupon to: TAX HELP, INC. 

I 

Prints on Federal Forms 

When you're finished, E·Z Tax will 

print out your tax return on official federal 

forms. If you don't have a printer, 

just fill in the forms from the data on the 

screen. 

If you need help, you can call E·Z 

Tax's toll free customer service phone 

number. 

Your E-Z Tax Kit Includes ... 

• 

• 

E-Z Tax prepares the following IRS forms 

and schedules: 

1040A 2106 

1040 EZ 2 119 

1040 page 1 & 2 2210 

Schedule A 2440 

Schedule B 2441 

Schedule C 3468 

Schedule D 3903 

Schedule E 4137 

Schedule F 4684 

Schedule G 4972 

Schedule R/RP 5695 

Schedule W 6251 

1040 ES 6252 

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you've been looking for. Now here's how you 

can get your hands on it ... 

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EZTAX. 

INCORPORATED 

BOX 7678 

SAN JOSE, CA 95150 

(4081998-1040 

WATS LINE: (8001331-1040 ·USA 

(800) 344-1040· CA

Microvox is a second generation text-to· 

speech synthesizer. The unit provides a 

high level of speech intelligibility and voice 

quality. Features Phoneme-based speech 

synthesizer chip, 64 crystal controlled in· 

flection levels, text·to·phoneme algorithm, 

750 character buffer (optionally expanda· 

ble to 1. 7K characters), full ASCII character 

set recognition, adjustable data transmis· 

sion rate (75·9600 baud), RS·232C or 

parallel connector, X·on/ X·off handshak· 

ing, phon~me access modes, music,,and · 

sound effects capability (programming Ian· 

guage for notes included), on board ampli· · 

fier and power supply, and spelling output 

option · $295.00. 

Micromint, Inc. 

917 Midway Woodmere, New York 11598 

(516) 374-6793 

Characters are clean and crisp as are 

graphics and other images. Burned-in for a 

full 100 hours and completely reinspected 

prior to shipment - $399. 

USI Computer Products 

71 Park Lane 

Brisbane, CA 94003 

(415) 468-4900 

The U&20T Cartridge Tape Back-up unit 

will store up to 18 megabytes (formatted) 

on a single industry-standard streaming 

tape cartridge. On-board software lets the 

user choose full or partial disk back-up or 

restoration. All present users of Davong 

disks can add the back-up unit to their 

systems - $1.995.00. 

Davong Systems, Inc. 

610 Palomar Avenue 


(408) 773-8370 

For CAD/ CAM and graphics systems users, 

the OptoMouse provides quick, effortless 

cursor positioning capabilities unmatched 

by joysticks, light pens and other traditional 

cursor manipulation devices. It is a small 

box (about the size of a pack of playing 

cards) that rolls on the X and Y axes on a flat 

surface, communicating its movement to 

the computer and interface by a tail-like 

cord. OptoMouse provides superior resolu· 

tion to other cursor devices. Utilizes a 

custom optical system in lieu of electro· 

mechanical parts. Controlled by its own 

microprocessor, it can emulate existing 

graphics protocols such as Tektronix Plot 

10 and Summagraphics bit pad, and the 

required host interface is reduced to a 

simple RS·232C serial port For more in· 

formation contact: 

USI International 

71 Park Lane 

Brisbane, CA 94005 

(415) 468-4900 

Kolor II provides an interface between the 

Apple II computer and video inputs such as 

recorders, cameras and live broadcasts. 

Utilizing the Tl TMS 9918 A video display 

processor, the Kol or II can display 16 colors 

with a resolution of 256 x 192 pixels that 

may be mixed with an external video input 

It has four display modes: Graphics I, 

Graphics II, ulticolor and text mode. In 

addition, 32 Sprite planes are available for 

3D simulation. All refresh and sync signals 

are produced by the board for composite 

video output for a video monitor, video tape 

recorder or standard television set utilizing 

an RF modulator. Plugs into any 1/0 slot of 

the Apple II or II Plus. Requires no external 

power. 

Synetix Industries, Inc. 

15050 N.E. 95th 

Redmond, WA 98052 

(800) 426-7412 or (206) 885-4215 (WA) 

RS-232 compatibility allows The Genius 

full-page display, with all standard Genius 

features, to interface with an Apple or any 

computer with a standard RS-232 port 

including most of the popular personal 

computers on the market today. The fullpage 

display, 57 lines by 80 characters, 

greatly enhances the ability of the operator 

to perform word processing, financial modeling 

and software development tasks. 

Available with white, green, or amber phosphors, 

it provides reverse video and flashing 

attributes. Internal memory of 16 K 

provides buffering and an internal screen 

memory. Operates at 120 volts, 60 Hz, or 

220, 50 Hz. $1 , 795.00. 

Micro Display Systems, Inc. 

P. 0. Box455 

Hastings, MN 55033 

(612) 437-2233 

A 14-inch composite video c;olor.monitor 

has joined the USI International line. Elim· 

inates the two-step process of converting 

the computer's video signal to a form that a 

television can receive, and the subsequent 

conversion within the television set back to 

a pure video signal. Bright image presenta· 

tion with low distortion is ensured through 

the use of high-performance components. 

The Davong U5XXM Hard Disk Subsystem 

comes in both Master and Slave 

configurations for simple expansion of up 

to 60 Mbytes total online system storage. 

The subsystem acts as the controller for an 

additional slave disk or Davong tape.or disk 

cartridge back-up· device. With the Field 

Modification Kit, the Master Drive can control 

up to three slave or cartridge drives plus 

one tape backup unit The suggested retail 

price of the DSI Master Hard Disk Subsystem 

is $1 ,995.00 (5MB), $2,495.00 ( 10 

MB), or $2,995 (15 MB). The DSI Slave 

Hard Disk Subsystem is $1,495.00 (5 MB), 

$1 ,995.00 (10 MB), or $2,495.00 (15 MB). 


Imagine never having to type "CATALOG", 

or trying to remember how to get from one 

part of a program to another. The Intelli· 

gent Keyboard System can create strings, 

characters, corriinands, and statements 

and store them for immediate recall by 

pressing just one key. The VSC-IKI interface 

board is an intelligent keyboard processor 

that will spoil you. Simply plugs into a free 

slot in the Apple II· $199.00. 

VSC Technologies Inc. 

1350 Grand Avenue 

Baldwin, NY 11510 

(516) 546-6081 

Magnum·BO is an 80 column video card 

which is completely Videx compatible, has 

low "snow" level, and is available with an 

alternate character set built in. Features a 

40180 column soft switch to permit auto· 

start switching between the two modes. Self 

test is included in the on-board firmware, 

and installation requires no wiring or chip 

pulling at all. The Rainbow-256 turns the 

Apple II or II Plus intci a256 color RGB driver 

for analogue RGB monitors, versus the 

conventional 16 color composite video 

output Interfacing for various RGB monitors 

is available, although the most popular 

at the moment are the Amdek and Electro· 

home. For complete information contact 

Microtek, Inc. 

9514 Chesapeake Drive 


(800) 854-1081 or (619) 569-0900 (CA) 

Santa Clara Systems, Inc. offers a full range 

of Winchester storage capacities from 5- 

120 Megabytes on 5.25, 8, or 10.5 inch disk 

drives, plus removable 8 inch and brandnew 

3.9 inch Winchester cartridges or highdensity 

floppy backup. All this is fully integrated 

in a compact, attractive cabinet 

Completely software compatible with your 

microcomputer, ahd transparent to most 

popular operating systems. Provides sharedisk 

networking capabilitiy for Apple computers 

-even for a mix. Features 16 Megabyte 

Apple DOS volume sizes, disk partitioning, 

electronic disk; printer spooling; LED cylinder 

address display; status display; EC. C., 

and more. Standard 90 day warranty. Op· 

tional extended warranty for up to three 

years. 

Santa Clara Systems, Inc. 

560 Division Street 

Campbell, CA 95008 

(408) 374-6972 

ihe "Toaster" is a hard disk subsystem 

with a twist It contains two 3.9 inch, 5 

megabyte hard disk cartridges that are 

removable. Provides unlimited storage and 

convenient back-up with a full 5 megabytes 

per cartridge. Attaches to the Apple II and 

111 and other popular single-board computers. 

Includes two cartridges · $2,795.00. 

XComp 

7566 Trade Street 


(619) 271-8730 

MicroSpooler is especially designed and 

engineered for those who need cost-effective 

solutions to their spooler requirements 

without sacrificing quality and sophistica· 

tion. Features include: 16K memory expandable 

to 64K, multiple copy function, status 

readout, pause function, self-test routine, 

internal power supply, vertical mount saves 

desk space. 30-day money back guarantee. 

Four models fit any combination of parallel 

or serial I/ 0. $199 for 16K parallel to 

parallel unit with an internal power supply. 

Consolink Corp. 

1840 Industrial Cirde 

Longmont, CO 80501 

(BOO) 525-6705 or (303) 652-2014 (CO) 

Bizcomp model 1012, 1200 baud intelli· 

gent modem sets the pace in quality and 

reliability. Full duplex 30011200 FCC-regis· 

tered modem with the advanced features 

you want auto-dial, auto-repeat dial and 

auto-answer. Attached to any terminal, you 

have automatic keyboard dialing at your 

fingertips. Or, connect it to a mini/micro for 

computer-computer electronic mail or 

auto-polling applications. 

Bizcomp 

P. 0. Box 7 498 

Menlo Park, CA 94025 

(415) 966· 1545 

BITE INTO YOUI\ TAXES 

with the TAX BREAK optimizer and your Apple* 

Forget about researching new 

tax laws and the confusion and 

anxiety associated with preparing 

your 1982 personal income tax 

returh. TAX BREAK ANNUAL 

calcul~tes your lowest tax easily 

and quickly. 

Written by an IRS-Enrolled Agent 

with over 24 years of experience. 

TAX BREAK ANNUAL automatically 

examines all loopholes, benefits, 

deductions, special income 

averages and limitations. It 

evaluates over 1 20 possible 

reporting options the.n finds and 

displays the best way to get the 

lowest tax on your individual return. 

Then it shows how your return 

compares with a typical taxpayer in 

your income bracket and scores 

your return for audit potential. 

TAX BREAK PLANNER contains all 

the features of TAX BREAK ANNUAL. 

PROFORMA SOFTWARE 

2706 Harbor Bl. Suite 200 

Costa Mesa, Ca. 92626 

(714) 641-3846 

And then some. Use your TAX BREAK 

PLANNER to design an investment 

program, then evaluate its impact 

on your current ... and future ... tcix 

status. Do "What if' simulations with 

real estate, stocks. bonds. annuities. 

interest rates. etc . ... then measure 

their impact on your tax liability. 

TAX BREAK ANNUAL is available 

for $129.95 + S2 shipping & 

handling (California residents add 

S 7 .80 sales tax). 

TAX BREAK PLANNER is available 

for $1 79.95 + S2 shipping & 

handling (California residents add 

$10.80 sales tax).13oth programs 

are tax deductible. 

See your local dealer or order 

dirli'tt. 

.*Appleil,Il+.lie, orlJi. A Stand alone 

program. VisiCalc not required. Runs on 

standard DOS 3.3. Needs only one disk drive 

and a monitor. Printer not required. Apple is 

a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.

Memory 

Expand the Apple II memory by 16K for 

only $99.00. The DSl-Al 6 RAM Card is fully 

compatible with all Apple II software and 

hardware. Features low power consumption, 

and filtered voltage that provides low 

noise. An extended burn-in at elevated 

temperature insures high reliability. 

Davong Systems, Inc. 

610 Palomar Avenue 


(408) 773-8370 

Printers/Plotters 

Skyinan Multi printer interface card can 

generate custom characters, mix graphics 

and text on the same line. Includes a 

.character .editor with 3 predesigned character 

sets. Offers 16 types bf graphics 

dumps. Select a portion of a picture and 

enlarge it Produce graphs side-by-side. 

Also features a chart recorder mode. Compatible 

with CP/ M and Pascal too. Special 

printer commands to underline, emphasize, 

condense, print proportionally, etc. 

Includes a demo disk and 48-inch cable. 

Drives C. ltoh, NEC, Epson, Centronics, 

and Okidata printers. $105.00 froin: 

Brooksar Data Corp. 

9830 N 32nd St Suite A 105 

Phoenix, AZ 85028 

(800) 521-5401 

New CalComp 8 I /2 x I I-inch flatbed 

plotter provides eight programmable pens 

for very clear and high quality documentation 

required by business graphics applications. 

Superb Z80 intelligence provides a 

high speed vector generator, circle and 

axes generator, and five fonts of 96 ASCII 

characters that can be written at any angle 

and size and height-width aspect ratio. 

Features include dashed line patterns, 

siinple commands, test mode, 8 color, 

Business Graphics ROM for bar graphs, pie 

7 4 Apple Orchard 

charts, line charts, etc., stand-alone configuration 

with an existing terminal, 16.5 inch 

per second vector plotting speed, .1 mm 

addressable resolution. 

Calcomp 

2411 W. La Palma Avenue 

Anaheim, CA 92803 

(714) 821-2011 

Qantex Model 7030 Multi-Mode printer 

features word processing quality with up to 

4 fonts resident Combine both letter quality 

sharpness and data processing speed in 

one printer. Features automatic proportional 

spacing and right-margin justification. 

Also doubles as a data processing 

printer and prints bi-directionally at either 

150 or 180 cps using character sets of 

U.S.A, U.K., Germany, France, Norway/ 

Denmark, Sweden and Spain. In the graphics 

mode, the printer provides a resolution 

of up to 144 x 144 dots per inch. It is very 

flexible with compressed print or double 

wide characters for 10, 12, 13.2, 15 and 

17.2 cpi., 3.7K buffer standard; 6-part forms 

capability; self generated status/ diagnostic 

report For further information contact: 

Qantex 

60 Plant Avenue 

Hauppauge, NY 11 788 

(516) 582-6060 

The Sweet-P personal plotter is designed 

for use with personal and business computers. 

Easy-to-use, menu-driven software 

permits users to draw on either paper or 

overhead transparency; colorful pie charts, 

bar graphs, line graphs and technical illustrations. 

Software features enable the plotter 

to define window limits, scale, alphanumeric 

character size, and character orientation. 

Provision is made for color fill, and 

digitizing allows the user to scale and draw 

images traced from photographs, illustrations 

or printed material. A pen adapter 

permits the use of many commercial pens 

which are offered at stationery stores. 

Addressable plotting area of 7.5 x 118 

inches. Maximum plotting speed is 6 inches 

per second. Step size is .004 inches. Fits 

into a slimline briefcase. Complete with 

. computer interface, drawing media, pens 

and a tutorial disk and manual to instruct 

users in operation - $795. 

Enter Computer, Inc. 

6867 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite D 


(619) 450-0601 

The new model D-92 Dual Mode Printer 

prints in the data processing mode and in 

the correspondence mode for business 

documents. Parallel or serial options. Standard 

features include 800 character buffer, 

100 CPS bidirectional printing, parallel interface, 

short line seeking logic, forms 

handling up to four parts, 100% duty cycle, 

six different character sizes. 

Data Impact Products, Inc. 

745 Atlantic Avenue 

Boston, MA 021 1 0 

(617) 482-4214 

Miscellaneous 

The Apple Cooler fan is the most powerful 

fan on the market today. No magnetic flux 

so it won't distort your monitor screen or 

cause errors on diskettes. Easy to install 

with no tools. Safest since it's mounted 

inside. Totally enclosed rotary blower design. 

No oiling required and UL recognized. 

Also available in 240 volts. $59.00 plus 

$2.50 each for shipping. 

MR Engineering 

4730 W. Addison 


(312) 286-6606 

The Arcade Board peripheral for the Apple 

II computer generates true arcade-quality 

color graphics, sound effects, and music. 

Uses a Tl video display processor and a 

programmable sound generator. Does not 

require machine language to create spectacular 

color graphics with rapid and smooth 

animation and simultaneous sound effects 

and music. Speeial hardware makes it 

possible to program the board entirely fro in 

Apples oft or Integer BASIC. F ea tu res 16 

colors, 3 graphics modes - including Lo 

Res with square pixels, true color resolution 

of 256 by 192, programmable character 

se~ multi-planar graphics structure, 32 sprites 

available for easy object-oriented animation, 

color-table animation, pattern-table 

animation, pattern name-table animation, 

60 Hz interrupt signal available during 

vertical blanking period to allow for synchronized 

screen-flipping without glitches. 

18K of on·board video RAM allows your 

programs and data to use the Apple ll's Hi 

Res graphics Pages 1 and 2 and still have 

graphics, programmable sound generator 

with 3 independent tone generators. Many 

more features. 

Millenium 3 Engineering 

1015 Gayley Avenue, Suite 394 

Westwood, CA 90024 

The 88Card is a 16 bit Intel 8088 that allows 

the Apple user to run programs on the 

popular MS-DOS (IBM-PC) and CP/ M-86 

operating sysems. It is available with MS 

DOS and MBASIC or alternate choices or 

CP/ M-86, MBASIC or CBASIC. CP/ M 3.0 

for the Appli-Card allows the user to l!lpgrade 

and use the 128K capability of the 

operating system with a RAM Extender 

Card that provides up to 192K to ah Apple 

as a RAMDISK. Soon to be released are the 

Apple Ill Appli-Card - a Z80A or Z80B based 

card with 64K or memory expandable to 

512K and a software product called CalcRAM 

that makes the expanded memory (up to 

192K) available to VisiCalc models. 

Personal Computer Products, Inc. 

16776 Bernardo Center Drive 


(714) 485-8411 

Saybrook is a plug-in peripheral card for 

the Apple II that transforms the Apple into a 

powerful micro-mainframe, boosting its 

computational capability to 10-20 times the

speed of the Apple II, ///, or the IBM-PC. 

Utilizes the Motorola 68000 32-bit microprocessor. 

Includes 128K Ram (expandable 

to 256K) and a 24-hour time of day 

clock - $995. This price includes the UCSD 

p-System Plus (Version IV) and the Pascal 

language. BASIC and FORTRAN-77 are 

optional. 

Analytical Engines, Inc. 

P. 0. Box 26511 

Austin, TX 78755-0511 

Not just another Apple nibble copier, Snapshot 

removes copy protection, and copies 

most programs including the nibble copiers 

themselves. (The ultimate irony! - 

PCW.) Will copy any memory-resident program 

that runs on a 48K Apple IL It is a 

peripheral card that uses your language 

card to interrupt a running program and 

dump the entire contents of 48K and 

registers to an unprotected, copyable 

backup disk Requires no complex parameter 

changes or trial and error tedium. 

Also ideal for debugging your own programs 

or analyzing others' programs, with 

full monitor capabilities to repeatedly interrupt 

a program and modify, trace, disassemble 

and resume running it, and dump 

its current state to disk - $109.95 plus $3.00 

postage. 

Dark Star Systems 

P. 0. Box 140 

Amherst, MA 01004 

(413) 584-7600 

SOFTWARE 

Business (General) 

Mentor electronic design software lets you 

design circuits in Hi-Res graphics. Features 

automatic calculations, user-friendly, single 

letter input limited to the characteristics of 

the circuit being designed. Useful for classroom 

instruction or lab preparation. 

$124.95 plus $6.25 shipping and handling. 

Korsmeyer Electronic Design 

16411 Del Mar 

Huntington Beach, CA 92649 

An automatic VisiCalc template generator 

is operated by selecting answers to plain 

English questions to create complex budgeting 

and forecasting models. The Business 

Planning Tool with Visigen generates 

VisiCalc formulae and assembles the information 

into a custom VisiCalc model. The 

Peachtree Connection extracts information 

from Peachtree Data files and creates Visi 

Calc models, while The Wordstar Connection 

does the same with Wordstar information. 

Sofstar 

13935 US # 1 Juno Square 

Juno, FL 33408 

(305) 627-5511 

Visicalc Utilities includes a VisiCalc (DIF) 

file sorting program that will sort rows or 

columns up to 6 keys. Two additional 

programs allow VisiCalc to Applewriter 

conversion and VisiCalc to Appleplot conversion 

- plot any 1 of 2 rows/ columns. 

VisiCalc templates includes a Statistical 

Pak, Financial Pak and Mathematics Pak 

For any one program or Pak - $19.95. For 

each additional program or Pak add $10.00 

and save $9.95. Prices include program 

diskette, detailed manuals, postage and 

handling. · 

Robert H. Flast & Co. 

6 Peter Cooper Road 


How many times have you jotted down a 

note for future reference, put it on your desk 

because you didn't know where to file it and 

two weeks later you can't find it? Notebook 

will give rapid " In-Out" access to any or all 

notes; whether you're looking for financial 

information, insurance numbers, names & 

addresses, dates, DOS notes, medical, business, 

auto information or any advisory that 

you'll want for later reference. Automatic- 

For the name(s) of the 

IAC Member Club(s) 

closest to you, send us a 

Jine with a self-addressed, 

stamped envelope to: 




BY CASES, INC. 

DESIGNED TO PROTECT YOUR COMPUTER 

Features - 

• Rigid Shell Mode of Plywood 

Supported High Impact ABS. 

• Shock Resistant Foam Lining. 

• Heavy Duty Hardware 

• Bound Metal Edges. 

• Interlocking Tongue and 

Groove Extrusion, Mating Lid 

and Bottom. 

Join the Fun! 

Dealer and Distributor inquiries are invited. 

TOTAL SYSTEMS DESIGN, Inc. 

635 Bair Island Rd. Suite 135 Redwood City, CA 

(415) 369-7400 

OTHER 

MODELS 

AVAILABLE 

FOREIGN 

INQUIRIES 

WELCOME 

April 1983 7 5

ally cross-references your memorandums 

and keeps an alphabetized index. Features 

a card-like printout and a fast, easy to use 

search routine. Data can be written to the 

Notebook diskette itself or any number of 

diskettes. On-line help is always available. 

Requires an Apple II with 48K and DOS 3.3 - 

$55.00. 

. Nikrom Technical Products, Inc. 

25 Prospect Street 

Leominster, MA 01453 

(800) 835-2246 

Con-Cale will work with Super/ Cale and 

other CP/ M spread sheets to consolidate 

up to 256 worksheets. It adds a third 

dimension to your electronic spread sheet 

programs. Includes logic for Rate of Return 

- $125.00. Requires an 8-inch disk, CP/ M 

and MBASIC. A test disk and manual in 

plastic mailer - $15. 

Sunwest Software 

2000 S. Logan 

Denver, CO 8021 0 

(303) 777-9400 

MicroPlan is the software that fills the big 

gap between your electronic spreadsheet 

and your accounting package. It's a powerful 

tool for financial analysis and projection. 

It lets you set up financial interactions for a 

whole area of business, then add data to 

produce current reports whenever you 

wish. Consolidation Module lets you condense 

departmental, local and regional 

reports into a whole pyramid of management 

reports. It will find data in other files 

and tailor consolidated reports to your 

exact specifications. MicroPlan m emorizes 

every step needed to control your model, 

including use of its built-in formulas. Micro 

Plan can automatically amortize a loan, 

make up a depreciation schedule and 

handle dozens more business applications. 

Chang Labs 

10228 N. Stelling Road 

Cupertino, CA 95014 

(408) 725-8088 

Statmanager is a sophisticated statistical 

package for researchers who don't have 

time or money to waste. It is designed for 

the researcher who wants to develop his 

own file structures, who needs a broad 

array of statistical computations, who wants 

to present data graphically and who doesn't 

want the hassle or expense of mainframe 

timesharing. Menu driven with simple commands 

and clear user prompts, Statmana- . 

ger is both easy to use and very powerful. 

Create and organize data files, add, modify 

or delete data, sort alphabetically or numerically, 

run descriptive statistics, including 

mean, variance and standard deviation. Do 

T-Test and paired T-Test comparisons, 

linear or transformed correlations or X-Y 

plotting, regression line plotting, and combined 

regression line and data plotting. 

Available from your local dealer or ca ll: 

Hayden Software 

(800) 343-1218 

(617) 937·0200 (MA) 

OR-D is a complete system especially 

designed to help manage and control a 

dental practice. Permits 1,500 to 5,000 

active accounts, up to 15,000 patients, 500 

insurance companies, 15 providers and up 

to 150 dental codes. Partial list of functions: 

per visit invoice and reminder notices, form 

generation for scheduled patients, income 

reports, insurance claim form generation, 

billing and statement processing, aging 

reports, monthly recall list and label generation, 

provider income analysis, insurance 

outstanding balance, patient history of 

transactions, referral list, management statistics 

reports, insurance statistics reports. 

The system consists of an Apple II Plus with 

64K, 5-10 Megabyte hard disk, floppy disk 

drive, monitor, printer, line voltage protector, 

and word processing and office accounting 

software. The entire system is 

available under $10,000. 

DVl-OR Inc. 

1200B Haddonfield Road 

Cherry Hill, NJ 08002 

(609) 665-2255 

The PromptDoc Manual Maker visually 

prompts the user through the designing, 

outlining, and writing steps of good manual 

development The system provides guidance 

on what to include in the documentation 

and even how much explanation to 

provide. The actual operating description is 

supplied by the user. A Writer's Guide is 

included with the package to provide professional 

documentation development 

techniques and experience which allows 

even the non-professional writer to improve 

overall manual quality. 

PromptDoc, Inc. 

833 West Colorado Avenue 

Colorado Springs, CO 80905 

(303) 471-9875 

Super Expander Plus, a new VisiCalc preboot, 

will hunt for and find as many as two 

Ramex-128K boards, then allow a VisiCalc 

user to build an incredible 255K model. 

The program loads or saves its entire 255K 

file onto two Apple floppies in less than forty 

seconds. Pre-boot also upgrades any regular 

16-sector Apple VisiCalc to the level of 

the VisiCalc Advanced Version, heretofore 

available only on the Apple /// computer. 

Adds such features as variable column 

widths, global formatting of numbers, negative 

numbers in brackets, password protection, 

several new format commands, 

tabbed fields, and more. It even supports an 

80-column card if one is present Super 

Expander Plus - $125, Ramex-128K board - 

$499. 

Omega MicroWare, Inc. 

222 S. Riverside Plaza 


(312) 648-4844 

Stats Plus, is a new VisiCalc compatible 

general statistics package with a powerful 

data base management system. Now electronic 

worksheet files can be used in preparing 

data files or in producing Hi·Res 

graphics such as scatterplots, bargraphs, 

or polygon charts. A special set of data base 

programs, called Data Prep, is included in 

the package that handle both random· 

access and sequential files and produce 

data that can be instantly accessed using 

self prompting screen instructions. Also 

includes transformation procedures and 

other techniques for combining data fields 

arithmetically. Offers search and select 

capabilities in which random-access files 

can be searched in five fields and cross 

tabulated in five dimensions · $200.00. 

Requires an Apple II or II Plus with 48K and 

DOS 3.3 with optional dot matrix printer. 

Human Systems Dynamics 

9249 Reseda Blvd., Suite 107 

Northridge, CA 91324 

Versacalc enhancements to VisiCalc con· 

tain a tutorial, utilities, and a file manager. 

Sort any number of rows, labels, values, 

formulas. You select the extent of the sort 

Permits conditional testing to several levels. 

Includes menu-driven modules for your 

own application programs. Auto-catalog 

from within VisiCalc. Auto-screen form 

saves hundreds of keystrokes. Print out the 

list of commands. Apple II version $100.00, 

Apple / // version $150.00. 

Anthro·Digital Inc. 

103 Bartlett Avenue 

Pittsfield, MA 01201 

(413) 448-8278 

Automated Medical Administrator is de· 

signed to automate the accounts receiva· 

ble and claim form preparation tasks forthe 

multi·doctor medical practice. The system 

allows for the maintenance of up to 2,000 

accounts for up to ten physicians. 

Contact 

Boardroom Executive Software 

255 North El Cielo Road ~uite 240 

Palm Springs, CA 92262 

(714) 365-6770 

Servicemanager is a business software 

package which performs administrative 

and clerical chores for repair shops and 

service departments. It has word processing 

capability and prints all standard 

forms. Runs on the Apple /// with the 

Profile hard disk. or 5 1/4 inch diskettes. 

The Denver Software Company 

14100 E. Jewell Avenue, Suite 15 

Aurora, CO 80012 

(303) 750-9980 

Communications 

Super Phone for Hayes Micromodem II 

users, keeps a telephone directory of peo· 

pie and modems and dials them automatically. 

When you call modems you can see, 

save, and print what they say. No limit to the 

amount of data you can receive, save and 

print Take programs from remote disks 

and put them on your disks or vice versa. 

Super Phone is $D84 bytes long and is all 


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United Computer,s SOFTWARE RENTAL LIBRARY ~ 

You can now RENT the most popular software available for just 

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machine language. The manufacturer can 

call you and transfer Super Phone to your 

Apple's disk. The actual transmission time 

is about 7 minutes. $40 from: 

James 0. Church 

20 Placid Street 

Trumbull, CT 06611 

ComCrypt helps to prevent unauthorized 

.eavesdropping on computer communication 

going over telephone lines or by direct 

wire between terminals. The encrypted chat 

mode allows two users of the program to 

have completely secure communications 

between themselves over modems or on 

timesharing systems. Requires CP/ M 

$250. 

Century Systems 

12872 Valley View Avenue, Suite 11 B 

Garden Grove, CA 92645 

(714) 895-3381 

Educational 

T- Pal is a complete lesson-writing and 

recordkeeping software system for schools, 

homes, businesses, or any organization 


needing to teach concepts, train people, or 

transmit information. Instructions on the 

screen prompt the user at all times, and a 

clearly written but detailed user's manual is 

included in the package. Branching is 

available for correct and incorrect student 

responses. Records wrong answers and 

displays them for diagnostic purposes at 

teacher's request Requires an Apple II Plus 

with 32K and one disk drive - $135.00. Two 

drives are needed for the double disk 

version $145.00. A printer is optional. 

Computer Business Systems 

468 State Street 

Phillipsburg, KS 67661 

(913) 543-2216 

Study Break is a program designed to 

produce and utilize study files on any 

subject The program is menu driven, 

allowing the review of old material, insertion 

of new material, modification of current 

material or deletion of current material. 

New items of information are entered in a 

question-answer format True CAI operation 

forces students to learn from incorrect 

answers by repeating that material as a 

reinforcement Percentage of correct responses 

is shown. The Medical Study Base 

files cover a wide range of introductory 

clinical information. The package includes 

22 files of 4164 question/ answer pairs on 

disks, including surgery, general medicine, 

and specialty files. Study Break - $29.95. 

Study Break with Medical Study Base - 

$99.95. Requires an Apple II Plus with 48K 

and DOS 3.3 

Med Systems Software 

P. 0. Box 3558 

Chapel Hill, NC 27514 

(800) 334-5470 

Spanish Language Review is a new program 

for building Spanish language proficiency. 

The program contains 1024 words 

and phrases to help the user learn the 

basics in 12 different subject categories. 

Included are Accommodation, Basic 

Grammar, Communication, Directions and 

Motoring, Entertainment, General Vocabulary, 

Medical, Restaurant, Shopping, Time, 

Dates & Numbers and Travel. Requires an 

Apple II with 48K and DOS 3.3 - $29.95. 

Study Guide Software 

P. 0 . Box 11601 

Costa Mesa, CA 92627 

(714) 540-8343 

Educational software for the Apple II includes 

study aids for College Board Exams 

- PSAT, SAT or GRE. Math Skills Pak 

covers Algebra, Geometry& Trigonometry 

with Graphics on two diskettes - $50.00. 

Verbal Skills Pak covers vocabulary, word 

analogy and sentence completion on three 

diskettes - $60. Write for complete catalog. 

SEI 

P. 0. Box 7266-N 

Hampton, VA 23666 

(804) 826-3777 

Number Cruncher is a superb high resolution 

arcade quality action teaching game 

with plenty of action. Game play covers all 

four basic mathematical operations, and 

automatically adjusts to the player's capability. 

Covers mathematic operations from 

single digit to four digit numbers. For ages 

6 to adult $34.95 plus $1.50 shipping. 

Unique Software, Inc. 

P. 0 . Box N 

Deer Park, NY 11 729 

(516) 666-7577 

Early Games for young children offers nine 

educational and entertaining games controlled 

by a single program. Even very 

young children can select a game, play it, 

and select a different game - all by themselves. 

Picture menu gives children control. 

Children learn to match numbers and 

letters, count colorful blocks, add and 

subtract stacks of blocks, learn the alphabet, 

practice spelling names, compare 

shapes and draw and save colorful pictures. 

Immediate visual and musical feedback. 

Hints are provided when appropriate. Designed 

for children ages 2V2 to 6 years old. 

Requires an Apple llwith48K and DOS3.3- 

$29.95. 

Early Games Educational Software 

Shelard Plaza North, Suite 140B 

Minneapolis, MN 55426 

(800) 328-1223 or (612) 544-4720 (MN) 

Planes is a new computer math game. 

Three skill-building programs promote 

mastery of fundamental geometric principles 

enhancing classroom instruction.

~- ~- 

1..: :...' - 

. 

Available At CompuShack Stores 

Appletie t ®and Applette 2® are t 00°/ci Apple 11 compatible: Halftracking, DOS, PASCAL, and CP / M®. 300% faster track to 

track speed with 15% greater storage capacity on a 40 track mode with enhancer diskette. TEAC® mechanism and read/write 

electronics. Direct shaft drive, metal band positioner, photo coupler write-protected sensor I 0,000 lifetime hours, and more. 

One year warranty on all parts and labor. 

Headquarters Telex: 18-3511 

"DATA DRIVE. APPLETTE I. APPLETTE 2. and TRUMP CA.RD are. 

registered trademarks of TAVA Corporation. respectively 

TAVA e. 

CORP. 

f714J 730-6772 

"TEAC 1s a reqistered trademark of TEAC Corp. 

Answer Back 

CSMA 

* CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research, Inc.

Automatically provides increasing advanced 

learning applications. Its library of 200 

straight-line shapes helps children recog· 

nize, define and distinguish geometric forms 

Lets children create their own shapes on 

the monitor by plotting points or drawing 

lines. Instructions show a child how to turn, 

reposition, store and retrieve shapes, stimu· 

.lating computing ability. Can easily . be 

integrated into curriculum for Grades 3·9. 

Includes a diskette with programs and 

shapes and a reference manual. Requires 

an Apple II with 48K and DOS 3.3 · $39.95 

plus $2.00 shipping and handling. 

ITC Technologies Corp. 

7100 Blvd. East, 2J 

Guttenberg, NJ 07093 

New educational software helps students 

understand how to get the right answer. 

Students learn the basic skills and move up 

to mastery. Programs focus on specific 

learning need, so students can zero in on 

the precise areas where they need work 

Programs include Division Skills, Mixed 

Numbers, Decimal Skills, Punctuation 

Skills, Vocabulary Skills · each $44.95. 

Three instructional modes include Rea& 

ness, Practice, and Instruction. Computer 

Literacy reference materials include Exper· 

iencing BASIC task cards · $9.50, Experiencing 

BASIC Duplicating Masters · $6.0(} 

and a 64 page booklet introducing students 

to microcomputer use and software design 

· $5.00. Each unit has a built-in manage· 

ment system that holds up to 120 student 

records on the same diskette as the actual 

skill program. Requires an Apple Hor.II Plus 

with 48K and DOS 3.3. From your favorite 

software dealer. 

Milton Bradley Co. 

The Bermuda Race is a newly developed 

educational game designed to teach the 

novice sailor, improve navigation and sail· 

ing skill of week-end sailors, and challenge 

the "seasoned skipper". The object is to 

"sail" a boat from Newport, Rhode Island, 

to the Island of Bermuda in record breaking 

time. Options include simplified sailing 

instructions, course description and point· 

ers, and the race itself. Each move counts 

as one hour, except in the beginning and in 

the end where the moves are in 15 minute 

increments. Information given to the player 

for each move includes: wind direction, 

wind speed, boat direction, boat speed, 

wave height, time elapsed from beginning 

of race, distance to Bermuda, relative wind 

angle, true course to Bermuda, how much 

sail area is carried, and position of the 

centerboard. Features detailed Hi-Res 

graphics maps, and detailed drawings of 

the boat, etc. 

Nautical Software 

P. 0. Box 4397 

Lynchburg, VA 24502 

Computerized Career Assessment and 

Planning Program ( CCAPP) helps stu· 

dents determine career interest, preferen· 

ces, and abilities; select and explore career 

clusters; delineate"and select relevant occupations; 

and develop a plan to enter (or 

prepare to enter) the occupation of their 

choice. Each of four programs take approx: 

imately forty minutes to complete and 

allows students to learn important facets of 

decision making while developing a per· 

sonalized career profile and plan to meet 

their immediate needs. The system contains 

four program diskettes and four data base 

diskettes, plus a counselor's manual. Re, 

quires an Apple II or II Plus with 48K and 

DOS 3.3, a monitor and a printer -$485.00. 

CCAPP Counselor's Manual only· $50.00. 

Career Directions (2 diskettes and manual) 

. $59.95. 

Systems Design Associates, Inc. 

723 Kanawha Blvd. East 

Charleston, WV 25301 

(304) 342-0769 

Play against the computer to match words 

that make compound words. with Word 

Mate. Contains 10 word lists with a total of 

100 words in all. Features large easy·toread 

letters, full color, and sound effects. 

Requires an Apple II with 48K and DOS 3.2 

or 3.3 · $25.00 plus $2.00 handling and 

shipping. 

T.H.ES.l.S. 

P. 0. Box 147 

Garden City, Ml 48135 

(313) 595-4722 . 

StarLogicAnnounces 

Savings on Apple II 

Compatible Drives· 

Includes drive, cable, cabinet and standard 

warranty which includes 90 days parts and labor 

5%" standard disk drive 

Thinline half-height disk drive 

Dual Thiriline drives 

(Also compatible with Franklin ACE) 

$205.00 

$185.00 

$335.00 

TELEPHONE ORDERS ONLY 

MASTERCARD, VISA, CASHIER'S CHECK COD ORDERS ACCEPTED 

(213) 883-0587 

StarLogic 

Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. 


Thinline is a registered trademark of Tandon Corporation

Computer instruction for the mentally 

handicapped is now available. Colorful animated 

graphics programs, utilizing synthesized 

speech, teach basic counting and 

word recognition skills to those with learning 

disabilities. Reading is not required 

unless it is part of the learning objective. 

Available for the Apple II plus - $29.95. 

The Upper Room Computer Consultants 

907 6th Avenue East · 

Menomonie, WI 54751 

Police Artist is a children's game for ages 

7-14. It is basically a face recognition 

program with recreational overtones to 

help alleviate the stuffiness that most educational 

tools tend to have. It will help 

children improve their memory and show 

them that computers don't bite - $34.95. 


DOS 3.3. 

Sir-Tech Software, Inc. 

6 Main Street 

Ogdensburg, NY 13669 

(315) 393-6633 

Here is a new series of computer programs 

based on Biblical themes. Battle of Jericho 

is an arcade type action game in which the 

player relives the Biblical story of the fall of 

Jericho described in the Book of Joshua. If 

he skillfully directs the blasts of his " ram's 

horn", the player can bring the walls of 

Jericho tumbling down. Bible Baseball is 

an educational game in which the student's 

knowledge of Old Testament facts and 

history enable him to triumph or lose in a 

full-scale baseball game played against an 

opponent or the computer. Designed for 

the Apple II. 

Davka Corporation 

845 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 843 


(312) 944-4070 

Teacher authored programs for the classroom 

and home include math, language 

arts, reading, spelling, literacy, programming, 

etc. Covers tutorial and practice, 

remedial and developmental. Useful for all 

ages. Uses full computer capabilities. For 

Apple 11. Send for free complete microcomputer 

software catalog. 

Educational Activities, Inc. 

P. 0 . Box 87 

Baldwin, NY 11510 

(800) 645-3739 or (516) 223-4666 (NY) 

Apple Physics programs total 11 disks and 

75 programs. These programs contain 

extensive graphics. Each diskette has 5 to 

10 programs requiring 48K memory with 

Applesoft Volumes are: Vectors & Graph· 

ing $ l 0, Statics $12, Motion $12, Conserva· 

tion Laws $12, Circular Motion $15, Therm· 

odynamics $20, Electricity $12, Optics $20, 

Atomic Physics $30, Solar System Astronomy 

$30, Stellar Astronomy $30. Entire set 

may be purchased for $203.00. 

Cross Educational Software 

P. 0. Box 1536 

Ruston, LA 71270 

(318) 255-8921 

Three new vocabulary games are available, 

with up to 100 words per level, up to 300 

words in each game. Helps build vocabu· 

lary and improve related word skills, such 

as decoding and recognizing synonyms 

and antonyms. The Chambers of Vocab 

(age 9 and older). Only by subduing the 

worc:I beasts within can you prove your 

courage and skill. Trickster Coyote (age 8 

and older). Recover the Totem stolen by the 

stealthy Coyote if you stay on Coyote's trail 

and avoid his tricky words. Key Lingo (age 

11 and older) rewards you with a piece of 

the legendary Penguin Parchment, which 

marks the location of Key Lingo · an 

uncharted atoll. You must summon all your 

word-trading skill to win more pieces of the 

Parchment Requires an Apple II or II Plus 

with 48K and DOS 3.3 · $48.96. 

Reader's Digest Services, Inc. 

Microcomputer Software Division 

Pleasantville, NY 10570 

(914) 769-7000 

Financial 

Personal Finance Master tracks your checks, 

deposits, charges, loan payments, credit 

cards, IRA accounts, broker accounts, even 

cash and fixed assets. It can integrate them 

all into a personal net worth statement It 

can budget your expenses and cash flow; 

reconcile your bank statements; print 

checks on standard computer forms; produce 

Hi-Res plots of income & expense; 

split transactions; search or sort records. 

• • . THE NEED 

An easy, low cost way to input 

visual information to your computer 

• • • THE SOLUTION 

[)~IJ~-C~r:l 

With the DIGl/CAM Self-Contained Digital 

Camera, your computer gains a new dimension 

in 1/0 flexibility. 

Completely self-contained with its own 

internal microprocessor, DIGl/CAM will interface 

to any computer through an RS 232 serial port. 

Since it is fully programmable using simple ASCII commands, 

using it is very simple. Besides being the "electronic eye" of 

your computer, you can program it to compare pictures, locate 

objects within a picture, detect motion, or to take timed, multiple 

exposures. 

With a 128 x 256 pixel resolution and up to four gray levels, 

DIGl/CAM can be used in process control and automation, 

robotics, security graphics input and digitizing, quality control, 

or . .. ? 

A NEW DIMENSION IN VISUAL INPUT. 

See for yourself. Or better yet .. . now your computer can see 

by itself! 

FOXVILLE 

CDMMUNl~ATIDNS 

CORPORATION 

77 41 E. Gray Road. Suite # 17 

Post Office Box 5419 

Scottsdale. AZ 85261 

(602) 948-9817 

Telex 165 750 

April 1983 81

Provides up to 700 transactions per month 

capacity and up to 100 user-defined budget 

categories. It can store up to 3000 transactions 

per diskette. Produces eight CRT or 

printed reports/ graphs including an account 

register, income/ expense, chart of 

accounts, standard names and purpose 

codes, income/expense vs. time graph - 

$74.95 at your local dealer. 

Spectrum Software 

142 Carlow 


(408) 738-4387 

70 Income tax programs calculate and 

print the many tax forms and schedules. 

Ideal for the Tax Preparer, C.P.A and 

individuals. Features menu driven BASIC 

programs that are unlocked and listable. 

Inputs can be checked and changed. Prints 

entire Form/Schedule. The programs include 

Forms 1040, 1040A, 1040EZ, 11 20, 

1120S, 1041 , 1065, 1116, 2106, 2119, 

2210, 2440, 3468, 3903, 4255, 4562, 

4797, 4835, 4972, 5695, 6251 and 6252. 

Also includes Schedules A, B, C, D, E, F, G, 

R, Rp and SE. They also have a disk called 

The Tax Preparer's Helper which has programs 

for Income Statements, Rental 

Statements, Supporting Statements, IRA, 

ACRS, 1040/ES, ADD W-2's and Print W- 

2's. The first disk is AP#l, and includes 

Form 1 040 and Schedules A, B, C, D and 

G. Requires an Apple II or II Plus and DOS 

3.3 - $24.75 postpaid. 

Gooth Tax Programs 

931 S. Bemiston 

St Louis, MO 63105 

Micro PMS is a new p0rtfolio management 

system that includes the information you'll 

need to make profitable investment decisions. 

It is a family of sophisticated, easy-touse 

programs including Portfolio Accounting, 

Investment Analysis, and Performance 

Measurement Includes complete data on 

over 1400 common stcxks like price histories 

and growth projections, earnings and 

dividend data and risk measurement and 

quality ratings. Requires an Apple II Plus 

with 48K memory, a 16K memory card and 

2 disk drives. A printer and Videx 80- 

column board are optional. 

The Boston Company, Micro PMS Group 

One Boston Place 

Boston, MA 021 06 

(617) 722-7939 

Accounting Plus II helps store, retrieve, 

and instantly analyze all the vital financial 

information needed at your fingertips to run 

a successful business. It comes with its own 

firmware card, so there's no extra hardware 

to buy. It's fast, because it uses 6502 

machine language. Upgradable, it grows 

with your needs - supports 2 or 3 floppy 

drives or a hard disk It works with virtually 

all printers. Ifs also fully integrated, so all 

your entries automatically update all other 

applicable areas. Easy to use manuals are 

included. In 8 modules: General Ledger, 

Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, 

Payroll, Inventory Control, Cash Flow/ Budgeting, 

Mailing Lists, Invoicing. 

Software Management Group, Inc. 

12555 Biscayne Blvd., Suite 805 

Miami, FL33181 

(800) 327-7701 or (305) 757-5416 

E-Z Tax is the tax break you've been 

looking for. Self-prompting questions assure 

you that nothing is overlooked. The 

program automatically com.putes the lowest 

tax for you. It's so easy to use, you'll be 

doing your tax return the moment you 

insert the 5 #1 4 inch disk When you're 

finished, E·Z Tax will print out your information 

on the official Federal forms. Prints 

1040A, 1040EZ, 1040 P. 1[,2, Schedules 

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, R/ RP, Wand many more 

- $69.95. Available for the Apple II with 48K, 

and CP/M. 

E-Z Tax 

2444 Moorpark 


(800) 331-1040 or (800) 344-1040 (CA) 

The General Ledger can produce many 

times more reports than competing systems. 

It simultaneously addresses: general 

ledger requirement (IRS, etc.), product profitability 

analysis with automatic proration 

of overhead burdens, financial budgeting, 

forecasting and modeling, automatic depreciation 

scheduling and posting and instantaneous 

on-dem?Jnd inquiry. Two accounting 

months can be "open" simultaneously, 

and a full year's detailed entries can 

be retained on current file. Stores many 

times m ore entries than competitive systems. 

It has multiple techniques for most 

functions. One test closed one day's 3,440 

entry-sides in 2.5 minutes. For further information 

contact the distributor. 

The National Software Company 

Chamber of Commerce Buiding, Suite 105 

Baltimore, MD 21202 

(301) 539-0124 

TAXMAN-83 software package is an interactive 

tax management program for well 

proven VisiCalc or Superoalc electronic 

spreadsheets. It will prepare and print 1982 

individual income tax returns. Multiple overlays 

consider all tax alternatives and compute 

the lowest tax possible based on your 

filing status. All forms and schedules are 

included, calculated, and printed. It will 

compare the results with the prior year's, 

test reasonableness and tell you which 

forms are necessary for filing. Prepares 

1040, Schedules A, B, C, D, E, F, G, R, RP, 

SE, U, W; and many others - $95.00 plus 

$4.00 freight/ handling. Requires an Apple 

II or II Plus with 48K and DOS 3.3 and 

VisiCalc or Supercalc. Will also operate with 

the Apple // /. 

Atsuko Computing International 

303 Williams Avenue Suite 11 32 

Huntsville, AL 35801 

(205) 533-7590 

The BPI Payroll system performs all the 

standard payroll functions. It contains tax 

tables for FICA, federal and all 50 states 

plus Puerto Rico and D.C., as well as cities 

and counties with uniform methods of 

taxation. An update service keeps your 

payroll system current with all tax law 

changes affecting you. Handles up to several 

hundred employees in different states 

or branch offices. Provides for expense 

reimbursement, automatic calculation of 

net pay, wage distribution, W-2's, payroll 

checks and other important payroll reports. 

Interfaces with the General Ledger and Job 

Cost Systems as well. 

BPI Systems 

3423 Guadalupe 

Austin, TX 78705 

(512) 454-2801 

Games/ Simulations 

Tired of shooting aliens and running mazes? 

Why not play the money game: Stock 

Market Tycoon. Sound and graphics sweep 

you into the action. As your stocks soar, 

gather up your dollars. Or agonize as it all 

fades away. Match your wits against the 

wiles of the market Fun for all ages. No 

knowledge of stocks is needed. Reqµires an 

Apple II or II Plus with 48K and DOS 3.3 - 

$29.50. 

Micro Program Designs 

5440 Crestline Road 

Wilmington, DE 19808 

Lunar Leeper is a beautiful Hi-Res arcade 

game. Your job is to fly through them 

leepers to rescue some men. Be a good 

pilot - be quick and be sly. Save the men, 

avoid the leepers, and fly through a cave to 

shoot the leepers' keepers. Created by 

Chuckles, creator of Laff Pak $29.95 at 

your local computer store. 

Sierra On-Line, Inc. 

36575 Mudge Ranch Rd. 

Coarsegold, CA 93614 

(209) 683-6858 

Crystal Caverns is a game of mystery and 

suspense for the Apple II. The player hunts 

for treasure beneath an old mansion. You 

aren't given a map to locate the treasures, 

but must create one based on the places 

already searched. T he mansions's mary 

dark and dusty rooms are filled with clues 

and dangers. A player may suddenly fall off 

a cliff or become trapped in a clammy 

dungeon - with no way out The only way to 

find the treasures is for the player to keep 

digging and searching throughout the 

mansion. Requires an Apple II or II Plus with 

48K and DOS 3.3 - $34.95. 

Hayden Book Company, Inc. 

50 Essex Street 

Rochelle Park, NJ 07662 

(201 ) 843-0550 

In Spider Raid for the Apple II, the great war 

of 2017 nearly destroyed the Earth. The 


Apple Peripherals Are Our Only Business 

That's Why We're So Good At It! 

The TIMEMASTER 

Finally, a clock that does it ALL! 

Super Music Synthesizer 

• Designed in 1983 usin g l. C. techno logies that simply did not exist 

w hen most other Apple clocks were d es igned. 

• just plug it in and your program s ca n read the year, month, date, day, 

and time - dow n to 1 millisecond! 

• Powerful 2K ROM d river - No cl ock could be eas ier to use. 

• Full emulation of most other clocks. in cluding M ountain Hard wa re's 

Appleclock (but you' ll like the TIMEMASTER mod e better). 

• Compatible w ith all o f Apple's languages, C P/ M and PASCAL software 

on disk. 

• Ei ght software contro ll ed interrupts so you ca n execute two pro grams 

at the sa me time. 

• O n board timer lets you time any interva l up to 48 days lo ng down to 

the nearest millisecond. 

The TIMEMASTER includes a disk with some really fa ntastic time 

oriented programs (ove r 25) plus a DOS dater so it w ill automatica ll y add 

the date w hen disk fil es are created o r modified. This disk is over a 

$200.00 value alone - w e give the softwa re others se ll. All software 

packages for busin ess, data base management and communications are 

mad e to read the TIMEMASTER. 

If you want the m ost powerful and the eas iest to use clock for your Apple, 

you want a TIMEMASTER. PRICE $129.00 

• Com p let e i 6 voice music synthes ize r on one ca rd.Ju st plug it into your 

A pple, connect the audio ca ble (s upplied) to your stereo, boot the disk 

supplied and you are ready to input and play son gs. 

• It's easy to program music w ith our compose so ftware. Yo u w ill start 

ri ght away at inputting your favorite songs. The Hi-Res sc ree n shows 

w hat you have entered in standard sheet music format. 

• We give you lots of softwa re. In addition to Compose and Pl ay 

programs, the disk is filled w ith so ngs rea dy to play. 

• Easy to program in Bas ic to ge ne rate com plex so und effect s. 

• Four w hi te noise gene rators w hich are great fo r sound effect s. 

• Plays music in true st ereo as well as true discret e quadraphoni c. 

• Full enve lo pe contro l. 

• Will play songs w ritten fo r A LF sy nthes izer (AL F software w ill not take 

adva ntage o f all the features o f t hi s board. Th eir software sounds the 

sa m e in o ur synthesize r.) 

• Automati c shutoff on power-up o r if reset is p us hed. 

• M any many more featu res. 

PRICE $159.00 

Z-80 PLUS 

e TO TA LLY compatible w ith A LL C P/M software. 

• Executes t he full Z-80 and 8080 in st ru ction set. 

• Full y com patible w ith microsoft disks (no pre-boot required). 

• An o n- ca rd PROM eliminates many l. C.'s fo r a cooler, less power 

consuming board. 

• Does EV ERYTHI NG the other Z-80 boards d o, p lus supports Z-80 

interrupts. 

• Complet e documentation included. ( User must furnish so ftwa re) 

Th e Z-80 PL US turns your Apple in to a C P/M based compute r. This 

mea ns you ca n access the larges t body o f software in ex ist ence. Two 

computers in one and the adva ntages of both, all at an unbeli evably low 

p ri ce. 

PRICE $139.00 

Analog to Digital Converter 

• 8 Chan nels 

• 8 Bi t Reso lution 

• O n Board M emory 

• Fast Conversion (.0 7 8 ms per 

channel) 

• Eliminates The Need To Wait Fo r 

AID Conversion (j us t PEEK at data) 

• AID Process Totall y Transparent 

to A p p le (l ooks like memory) 

The analog to digita l conversion takes p lace on a continuo us, chann el 

se quencin g bas is. Data is automatica ll y transfe rred to on board mem o ry 

at the end o f each conversio n. No AI D converte r could be eas ier to use. 

O ur AID board com es standard w ith 0, 1 OV full sca le inputs. Th ese in puts 

ca n be change d by t he use r to 0, -1 OV, o r -SV, + 5 V o r other ranges as 

need ed. 

Info rm ation on t em perature se nso rs is given in manual. 

Th e use r conn ecto r has + 12 and -12 volts on it so you ca n power your 

se nsors. 

Accuracy 0. 3% Inp ut Res istance 20K O hms Ty p 

A few applications may include t he monito rin g of• fl ow • tem perature • 

humidity • w ind speed • w ind d irection • light intensity • press ure • 

RP M • so il moist ure and many mo re. 

PRICE $129.00 

Digital Input/Output Board 

• Provid es 8 buffered outputs to a standard 16 pin socket for standard 

d ip rib bon ca bl e con nection. 

• Power-u p reset assures that all o utputs are off w hen your Apple is 

turned on. 

• Features 8 inputs that ca n be d ri ven frorn TTL logic o r any 5 volt source. 

• Yo ur inputs ca n be anything fro m high speed logic to simp le switches. 

• Ve ry sim p le to p rogram, just PEE K at the data. 

• Now, on one ca rd, you ca n have 8 digital outp uts and 8 digital inputs 

each w it h its own connector. Th e super input/output board is your 

best choice fo r any contro l app licatio n. 

PRICE $62.00 

Our boards are fa r superior to most of the consumer electronics made today. All l. C.'s are in high quality sockets with mil-spec. components used throughout. P.C. 

boards are glass-epoxy with gold contacts. Made in America to be the best in the world. All products compatible with Apple II and //e. 

Aprlied Eng ineering's products are fully tested with complete documentati on and available for immediate delivery. All products are guaranteed with a no hassle two 

year warranty. 

Send Check or Money Order to: 

All Orders Shipped Same Day 

APPLIED ENGINEERING 

Call (214) 492-2027 

Texas Residents Add 5% Sales Tax 

P.O. Box 470301 

lam to 11 pm 7 days a w eek 

Add $10.00 If Outside U.S.A. 

Dallas, TX 75247 

MasterCard & Visa W elcom e

adioactivity and chemical poisons were 

integrated into the harmless Minim us Prob- 

. !emus beetle. The mutant Spraybius Toxicus 

beetle is your fiercest enemy. You are 

Hero Maximus, leader of one of the few 

remaining spider packs. You and your two 

loyal warriors must seek out the only food 

supply left, the common fly. But beware of 

the acid rain which can knock you down 

and leave you far from your prey or in the 

proximity of the deadly orange spray beetles 

- $29.95. 

lnsoft, Inc. 

In this new arcade game, ZARGS, Intelligence 

has learned of the approach of 

several thousand mysterious bright objects 

from the region of the Crab Nebula. The 

Earth will soon be under full attack from 

alien spacecraft The only hope is to complete 

and arm the top secret ZARG spaceships. 

As captain, you pilot each weaponship 

en route to The ZARG. To avoid deadly 

X-rays, you must work against time to 

properly rotate and dock your spacecraft 

into one of the four ports before beaming 

yourself back to Earth, where you command 

yet another craft - $34:95. 

lnsoft, Inc. 

10175 S.W. Barbur Blvd, Suite 202B 

Portland, OR 97219 

(503) 244-41 8 1 

The Desecration is the first in a series of 

" Adventurecades" from Mind Games. You 

are the Intergalactic Assassin, infamous for 

READY TO ADD 

MODEMS, PLOTTERS, 

LETTER QUALITY PRINTERS OR 

OTHER PERIPHERALS? 

INTERLINK'S 

DUAL SERIAL CARD 

gives you two complete, independent 

ports with no special software or additional 

cables needed. 

A complete manual tells you exactly 

how to connect and use the card with 

clear diagrams and explanations. A 

separate second level of descriptions 

explains the "why" and "how." 

AT SPECIAL 

INTRODUCTORY 

PRICE 

$189· 

Card and two 18 inch DB25 cables at 

less than list price of Apple single port 

board. 

Technical data: ·ust Price $219 

Standard Apple II in- MC and Visa • We 

terface, Baud rates 75 pay U.S. shipping 

to 9600, RS 232 pin • TX residents add 

selection on board. sales tax. 

one INTERLINK SYSTEMS, INC. Dealer 

Year Dept. 6, Box 3465 Inquiries 

warranty Pasadena, TX 77501 Invited 

your unique methods and numerous ac· 

complishments throughout the known universe. 

Your task: the deliverance of the 

Dendoron Galaxy from the parasitic desecration 

of the Pykronian Empire. You must 

survive the unyielding bombardment of the 

Air Command and escape the crossfire of 

the deadly android patrol. Intersperses three 

arcades within an adventure. As an added 

bonus, the arcade sections may be played 

separately from the adventure. High resolution 

pictures have been professionally drawn 

using a palette of nearly two hundred colors 

and depict a realism that must be experienced. 

In Assembly language, requires an 

Apple II or II Plus with 48K and DOS 3.3. 

Mind Games, Inc. 

420 So. Beverly Drive, Suite 207 

Beverly Hills, CA 90212 

(213) 277-8044 

Pill Box is a new game that places you as 

the last hope of the Allied Forces. You must 

face and destroy an endless stream of 

enemy tanks. From your "pillbox" hidden 

in the hills above, you must track them on 

your radar screen, take aim and wipe them 

out Be careful, these crafty devils may spot 

you. Features the most exciting Hi· Res with 

super graphics, full 3-D coordinates, full 

color. Requires an Apple II or II Plus with 

48K and DOS 3.3 with joystick or paddles - 

$39.95. 

Lord of the Games 

P. 0. Box 6592 

Rochester, MN 55901 

(800) 328-9002 

Abuse is a new, interactive insult program 

that turns the tables on the Eliza-type 

program s of the past This unpredictable 

piece of software concocts its own insults 

and is capable of literally millions of different 

responses. 

Don't Ask Computer Software 

2265 Westwood Blvd. B-150 


(213) 397-88 11 

Multi-player action for the whole family 

highlights New World. Each of three players 

leads an expedition to the New World in 

a game of conquest and colonization, set in 

the year 1495. Representing England, France, 

or Spain, the player tries to achieve suprem 

acy over his two opponents, human or 

com puter, by building colonies in North 

and South A merica. The player recruits 

colonists and soldiers and purchases supplies 

to ready his ships for their transatlantic 

crossing. Hazardous weather conditions 

and cutthroat pirates ham per the player's 

success. And when he reaches the New 

World, disease, bankruptcy and warfare 

threaten his colonies' survival - $29.95. 


DOS 3.3. 

·Automated Simulations/EPYX 

Star Warrior, a science fiction adventure, 

has received the "Best Science Fiction 

Fantasy Com puter Gam e" of the year 

award from Electronic Games magazine. 

The player is an interplanetary avenger, 

who must single-handedly take on an entire 

planetary occupation · force. Armed with 

sophisticated electronic direction-finding 

equipment, decoys to fool the enemy, 

nuclear missiles, blaster and power-gun, 

the player can walk, jump, or even fly over 

swamps, forests and mountains. There is a 

choice of two scenarios, 19 command 

options and five levels of skill, combined 

with sound effects and graphics display - 

$39.95. Requires an Apple II or II Plus with 

48K and DOS 3.3. 

. Automated Simulations/ EPYX 

1043 Kiel Court 


(408) 745-0700 

Seek the Gem of Immortality by playing 

The Serpent's Star. Graphics provide ani· 

mation in Ultravision. Full screen animation, 

sound effects and a challenging adventure 

make this the graphics adventure of choice. 

This second in a series of daring and 

entertaining animated adventures takes 

Mac Steele into the mysterious and hostile 

Himalayas of Tibet - $39.95. Requires an 


Ultra soft 

24001 SE 103rd Street 

Issaquah, WA 98027 

(206) 392-1353 

Single's Night At Molly's consists of two 

challenging solitaire card games - Royal 

Flush and Sly Fox. Both games feature Hi 

Res graphics and various difficulty levels 

requiring a considerable amount of strategy 

and playing skill. No matter how many 

times either game is played, no two games 

will ever be exactly alike. Games can be 

played by one person, or any number of 

players. Includes a diskette and a 28 page 

instruction booklet It requires a 48K Apple 

II or II Plus and DOS 3.3 - $29.95. 

Soft Images 

200 Route 17 

Mahwah, NJ 07430 

(201 ) 529-1440 

King Cribbage is a new version of the age 

old English card game. The King plays six· 

card cribbage as dealt from a standard 52- 

card deck. The program requires an Apple 

II with 48K and DOS 3.3 - $24.95. 

Hayden Book Com pany 

Sargon II, the com puter chess cham pion, 

permits you to choose from seven levels of 

play. Ifs fast and tough, with striking graphics. 

Every nuance of grand master chess is 

here: capturing en passant; castling; and, if 

you dare, even the " kibitz" where Sargon 

will give you a hint - or set a trap. Whether 

you're a beginner or a champion, you'll 

enjoy hours and hours with Sargon 11; a 

worthy opponent for you, and a true classic 

- $34.95. 

Hayden Book Company 



(800) 343-1218 

(617) 937-0200 (Mass.)

Tubeway is an insidious invasion route 

created by beings from a parallel universe · 

a strange, geometric universe. You're trap· 

ped on the rim as their fleet swarms out of 

the warp on a voyage of conquest The 

battle is yours alone · and it's far from easy 

because normal strategy doesn't work ... 

you have to fight by their strange, geomet· 

ric rules · $34.95. 

Data most 

9748 Cozycroft Avenue 

Chatsworth, CA 91311 

(213) 709-1202 

Transylvania, (Pardon me, Boy; is this 

the .. . ) Transport yourself to the dark forest 

of Transylvania, where mystery lurks 

behind every towering tree, and venture to 

rescue a damsel in distress. Transylvania 

uses over 100 colors and fine Hi-Res graphics 

to present a true challenge and hours 

of enjoyment to all adventurers. 

Penguin Software 

830 4th Avenue 

Geneva, IL 60134 

(312) 232-1g84 

Players must face a challenging series of 

environments in Time Traveler. They include: 

the Athens of Pericles, Imperial 

Rome, Nebuchadnezzar's Babylon, lkhnaton' 

s Egypt, Jerusalem at the time of the 

crucifixion, The Crusades, Machiavelli's Italy, 

the French Revolution, the American Revo· 

lution, and the English Civil War. Deal with 

Hitler's Third Reich, Vikings, etc. Players 

may set level of difficulty. Each game is 

unique - $24.95 

Krell Software Corp 

1320 Stony Brook Road 

Stony Brook, NY 11 790 

(516) 751-5139 

Starcross, a science fiction computer ad· 

venture, lets you dock with a starship from 

the outer fringes of our galaxy and gain 

access to its mysterious interior. Sold in a 

unique flying saucer-shaped package, the 

game comes with everything players need 

to enter the 22nd Century. A new feature is 

the addition of a full-color chart, which is 

needed to successfully complete the game. 

Adventures in the lnterlogic series incorporate 

software that permits players to use 

complete sentences, rather than the stan· 

dard two-word commands. 

lnfocom, lnc-:1 

Zork III, a new prose adventure in the 

lnterlogic series, completes the trilogy of 

Zork personal computer games. You are 

returned to the Great Underground Empire 

where a confrontation with The Dungeon 

Master looms. 

lnfocom, Inc. 

55 Wheeler Street 

Cambridge, MA 02138 

(617) 492-1031 

"21" is a Blackjack program unique in its 

ability to teach card counting strategies 

with more precision and speed than pre· 

viously possible. Five proven strategies are 

taught, e·ach with increasing complexity. 

Twelve user-alterable rules enable learning 

strategies specific to any casino in the 

world. Incorrect player actions are signaled 

and remembered for subsequent use. Other 

learning aids are also included, and of 

course normal casino-style black-jack can 

be played at any time. Comprehensive 

manual wtih 42 Las Vegas Casino game 

rules $10. Applicable to software purchase 

only $80.00. Requires CP/ M with cursor 

addressable screen. 

Xanadu Engineering 

1653 Minorca 

Costa Mesa, CA 92626 

(714) 641 -0686 

·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·- 

The Ultimate APPLE® Utility Program 

COPY II PLUS 

Now you can back up your protected software. 

Copy II Plus is the most sophisticated bit copy program 

available. It handles synchronized tracks, half 

tracks, nibble counting, bit insertion and other protection 

schemes. It also includes a comprehensive 

discussion of disk format and protection techniques, 

and instructions on how to back-up dozens of 

popular programs. A disk system and speed check 

assure your drives are running in top condition 

and a nibble editor will allow you to repair damaged 

diskettes, analyze protection schemes, etc. 

The last DOS utility disk you will need. Fully 

menu driven, the Copy II Plus utilities include a 

catalog display with binary file addresses and 

lengths, a disk usage map, and the ability to verify 

anc\ compare files for differences. It can copy, 

lock, unlock and delete files and DOS can be 

copied, or removed from a disk to free up space. 

You can change the greeting program on a DOS 

disk, or initialize a disk from scratch. The Copy II 

Plus sector editor will allow you to view and 

modify data in either hex or ASCII format. 

For your convenience, Copy II Plus is not copy protected for backup. 

Available at fine computer and software stores or direct from: 

r? ~[t!]u~&JL, ~@l[ti]u 

~ Software, Inc. 

P.O. Box 19730-203 


(503) 244-5782 

Attention current Copy II Plus owners: Return your original disk with $19.95 for an update to Version 4.0. 

Attention IBM PC owners: Call us about backing up your protected software with Copy II PC! 

-·-•-•-•-•-·-•-•-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-•-•cm•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-

Graphics 

Higher Text Extended, in conjunction with 

Higher Text II allows you to add text to an 

existing picture or design textual display 

picture. Use all of the features of the original 

Higher Text II but in a very easy, "user· 

friendly" environment Provides instantan· 

eous center, left, or right justification of text 

on a line·by·line basis. Prevents you from 

accidentally scrolling or destroying your 

picture. Presents you with several menus 

which list all of the available options. 

Provides temporary storage of your picture 

as it is being developed with instantaneous 

recall should you make an error. lncorpor· 

ates extensive error-trapping. Change fonts 

at any time. Requires an Apple II Plus with 

48K and DOS 3.3, and Higher Text II. 

$22.50 from: 

C & H Video 

110 W. Caracas Avenue 

Hershey, PA 1 7033 

(717) 533·8480 

Utilize the full graphic potential of your 

printer with Zoom Grafix Hi·Res graphics 

screen printing package with support for a 

wide range of printers. One package works 

with over 600 combinations of printers and 

interfaces. Print positve/ negative, upright/ 

sideways on either Hi·Res screen. You 

control ;;ize and proportions. A "zoom 

window" feature allows you to frame and 

see the specific area of the hi·res screen to 

be printed. Automatic centering and select· 

able margins, and keyboard forms control. 

Prints charts, graphs or pictures · $39.95. 

Phoenix Software, Inc. 

64 Lake Zurich Drive 

Lake Zurich, IL 60047 

(312) 438-4850 

Micromap II is used on a microcomputer to 

make maps: colored and textured area 

maps, contour maps, 3·D polyhedron or 

proportional circle maps, and statistical 

charts and graphs and perspective views of 

digital terrain models. Micromap II is written 

in Applesoft and requires 48K of memory 

and DOS 3.3 · $650.00. The discrete map· 

ping and contour sections are available for 

$350.00. 

Morgan-Fairfield Graphics 

P. 0. Box 5457 

Seattle, WA 981 05 

(206) 632,1374 

Graphmagic creates diagrams from math· 

ematical data. Pie charts, line graphs, bar 

graphs, and scatter diagrams are among 

the options. The program is compatible 

with DIF data. Requires an Apple II with 48K 

and DOS 3.3 · $100.00 

International Software Marketing 

120 E. Washington Street, Suite 421 

University Bldg 

Syracuse, NY 13202 

Font Generator/// is a user-oriented pro· 

gram that was designed to incorporate 

many of the Apple / / /'s powerful built·in 

features to help in the designing of charac· 

ter fonts. With it you can test out how your 

font would look before it is saved, and also 

check out how your font would look in 

different text modes, even with different 

foreground and background colors. As 

many as ten character fonts may be loaded 

at one time. Also has the capability of 

copying characters from one font into 

another one· $40.00. A character Font disk 

is forthcoming. 

Apollo Software 

6338 Wisteria Lane 

Apollo Beach, FL 33570 

(813) 645·3153 

Languages (Programming) 

System/ ASM 3A is an Assembly language 

development system for beginning ma· 

chine language programmers and estab· 

lished professionals. It is inexpensive enough 

for dabblers yet powerful enough for seri· 

ous applications. Offers a quick two pass 

assembler, full screen editor, core resident 

programs, Disk II support for storing pro· 

grams, Silentype support for hardcopy list· 

ings, Language card support, and a 28 

page manual. Object disk with manual · 

$35.00. Manual only· $5.00. At any time a 

bonafide owner may obtain the current 

release of the system for $5.00. Requires an 

Apple II with 48K and DOS 3.3. 

The Mike Piaser Company 

13400 Thraves 

Garfield Heights OH 44125.: 

Quic-N-Easi PRO is a complete applica· 

tions development system for the CP/M 

operating system. The package is designed 

to help professional programmers make a 

lot more money by multiplying productivity. 

Handles formatting data entry, data base 

management, information processing and 

report generation. Requires a Z80, CP/M, 

64K, 2 drives and an addressable cursor · 

$399.50. Specify system and disc size. 

Quic·N·Easi Products, Inc. 

136 Granite Hill Court 

Langhorne, PA 19047 

(215) 968·5966 

Full FORTH Plus for the Apple is a full 

implementation of FIG FORTH plus a 6502 

conditional assembler, integer and floating 

point arithmetic, string manipulation words, 

IF·DO, cursor controlled screen editor, sin· 

le and multi-dimensional arrays, disk virtual 

memory, and more. Complete documenta· 

tion includes installation guide and tutorial. 

An 86 page user's manual is included as is 

a one year free subscription to the full FORTH 

newsletter · $100.00 plus $2.50 shipping. 

IDPC Company 

Box 11594 

Philadelphia, PA 19116 

(215) 676·3235 

ALD System II is an Assembly language 

development system. Both the editor and 

assembler are resident in RAM at the same 

time. The editor supports the conventional 

fields used in assembly language. Features 

auto field tabbing, comments, standard 

Opcode mnemonics. Permits saving, re· 

calling (using a "speed·reader" for fast 

loading), inserting and concatenating 

source files and source file segments. 

User's manual is very user friendly and 

complete. Assembler works faster than 

most on the market today · $75.00. 

In soft 

10175 Southwest Barbur Blvd., Suite 2026 


Micro-Window uses.Hi· Res graphics to dis· 

play a programming model which shows, 

in binary, the contents of all 6502 registers 

as machine language instructions are exe· 

cuted. It completely simulates a micropro· 

cessor system with 2K of RAM starting at 

address zero. Programs can be loaded into 

the 2K RAM and run while observing their 

execution in the model, or instructions can 

be entered one at a time and immediately 

executed to see their effect on the current 

state of the model. Requires an Apple II Plus 

with 48K and DOS 3.3 · $120.00. 

Window Research 

13452-A N.E. 175th, Suite 218 

Woodinville, WA 98072 

Menu Generator is a software package for 

developing computer menu programs on 

the Apple IL It is a tool for organizing 

program disks and customizing computer 

operations. It is easy to use and requires no 

programming to develop professional 

menus. It can store data for up to 150 

menus. New menus can be developed 

using data from existing menus as defaults. 

Its data base has a unique file selection 

method for adding, editing and deleting 

menus. Requires a 48K Apple II Plus, one 

disk drive, DOS 3.3 and optional printer · 

$39.95. 

Crane Software, Inc. 

16835 Algonquin, Suite 611 

Huntington Beach, CA 92649 

(714) 846·8005 

Personal 

Decision is a very friendly program that 

guides you to a decision by your response 

to a series of questions. It can help you with 

personal decisions such as what car to buy, 

where to live, where to go on vacation, who 

to date, what printer to buy, etc. Or it can 

help you with business decisions such as 


which products to develop, where to locate, 

who to hire, whether to incorporate, etc. 

Although this program can be fun to use 

ancj provide hours of entertainment, the 

outcome is based on sound decision matrix 

theory and will therefore give you a valid 

objective decision based on your answers 

to ·its questions. Copyable for personal 

backup. $29.00 from: 

Savant Software 

P. 0. Box 42888 

Suite 64 

Houston, TX 77042 

Household Inventory Program for the 

Apple II will store every household items' 

serial replacement cost and more - $30.00. 

Specify printer model. $30. 

SF A Enterprises. Inc. 

P. 0. Box 33511 

Northglenn, CO 80233 

Pathfinder II is a satellite tracking package 

for the Apple II Plus. Enables you to track 

circular orbit satellites in real time on a 

world or U.S. map, or print all data tables 

and maps on your Epson MX Printer. It can 

rapidy predict accessible orbits, reference 

orbits and all orbits between user specified 

dates. Rapidly compute AOS time, LOS 

time. time in range, maximum elevation. 

CPA time, and CPA range. Maintains a disk 

resident data base of satellite reference 

data. Requires an Apple II plus with 48K, 

DOS 3.3, Epson MX80 JR100 printer. 

Includes a comprehensive users manual - 

$34.95. 

Computer Applications 

3628 A Court 

Oxnard, CA 93033 

Psychological Diary includes a diary keeper, 

dream interpreter, personality/ relationship 

testing, super-sophisticated ELIZA, all 

programmed by psychotherapists using 

techniques from contemporary therapeutic 

schools. The diary is locked by a usersupplied 

password. Featµres a search feature 

for user indexing. Saves entries on disk 

or prints on printer. Written in machine 

language forfastest execution. For personal 

growth and self-exploration only; not a 

substitute for professional psychotherapy - 

$39.95. 

Psychological Systems 

1519 Burlington Road 

Cleveland Heights, OH 44118 

Utilities 

Master Utility Disk contains over 20 specialty 

routines to help you use your Apple II 

Plus 48K more effectively. Includes Copy 

Disk, Alphabetize Disk Catalog, Disk Utilities, 

Disk Freespace, File Address Finder, 

Morespace, Undelete, Load DOS, Wide 

Catalog, Track Files, Menu Generator, 

Memory Display and Search, a random 

number seeder, Search One Character, 

Line Cross Reference, Program Re-Create, 

a quick letter-writing program, Concatenate. 

Explains how to write self modifying 

programs and shows you how to change 

your boot program name - $69.95. · 

WM Enterprises 

9348 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 101 

Beverly Hills, CA 90210 

(213) 273-3412 

There are many new enhancement programs 

like Renumber, Print Using and Sort, 

as well as lots of other useful assembly 

language routines, many using the ampersand. 

The &AMP.LIFIER will load up to 255 

Assembly language routines directly from 

disk and relocate the Assembly language 

code. It also will create a menu of "&" 

IJ 

SAMS 

BOOKS 

,. 

instructions so that more than one routine 

can be used at the same time - $39.95. 

Software Technology 

11350 McCormick Road 

Hunt Valley, MD 21031 

(301) 666-3239 

Clockware provides Pascal support for the 

Prometheus Versacard Clock/ CalE;mdar. 

Affords simple access from Apple Pascal 

programs to all Versacard time and date 

functions. The Clock may be assigned to 

any slot Can be used as external procedures 

or added to your SYSTEM.LIBRARY 

as an Intrinsic Unit (instructions included). 

Includes a variety of demo programs to 

read time and date and aµtomatically update 

the system's date on disk at boot time. 

No need to use Filer's Data keyin any 

longer. Includes a Hi-Res clock face demo 

program, source code for demo programs 

and a full 20 page user manual - $25. Apple 

SAMS LIGHTENS YOUR 

PROGRAMMING LOAD. 

If you're serious about programming but don't enjoy 

the tedium of setting up subroutines and functions, 

THE PROGRAMMER from Sams is the answer. 

THE PROGRAMMER is a BASIC code-generator which is 

powerful, highly versatile and easy-to-use. 

It provides a programming "shorthand" which takes 

your ideas and writes the appropriate lines of BASIC. So 

programming is fast and error-free. 

Through a series of "menus", you can select the 

direction or function you want the program to perform. 

Code is generated as you go along. So you can stop and 

make changes without destroying your previous work. 

When you've finished a program, save it on another 

disk for future use, and begin creating again. 

THE PROGRAMMER comes with a complete instruction 

book which clearly ~xplains how to create programs for 

almost any application. 

Lighten your programming load with THE 

PROGRAMMER. It works with the Apple 11 Plus® 

and the IBM® Personal Computer. GetTHE 

PROGRAMMER at your local software retailer or 

call (800) 428-3696 or (317) 298-5566 and reference 

AD291. 

THE PROGRAMMER, No. 26077, $199.95 

SAMS BOOKS AND SOFTWARE 

Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc. 

4300 West 62nd Street, P.O. Box 7092 

Indianapolis. IN 46206 

Apple II Plus is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. IBM is a registered 

trademark of International Business Machines, Inc. In Canada, contact Lenbr.ook 

Industries. Ltd .• Scarborough. Ontario.

CP/ M version is under development 

RCM Software 

815 Friendship Drive 

New Concord, OH 43762 

Freeloader will link rriachine language rou· 

tines to your Applesoft programs. It can 

also call relocatable or non-relocatable rou· 

tines by name, number or location and save 

and link referenced library packs of utilities. 

Resolve memory conflicts at run time. 

Links up to 255 utilities, shape tables, etc. 

Menu driven and user friendly. Unlimited 

personal backups. Requires an Apple 11 ·.wi,th 

48K and DOS 3.3 or 3.2. $30.00 plus $2.00 

handling. 

Diskos Software 

P. 0. Box 190 

Hanover, NH 03755 

Disk· Lock is a revolutionary new hardware 

device for the Apple II Plus that offers the 

end user the ultimate in computer privacy. 

Although it is extremely simple to use and 

completely self-contained (requiring no 

program disk), Disk-Lock provides the prudent 

user all the protection of the NBS 

approved Data Encryption Standar.d (DES) 

algorithm. Each comes with its own unique 

access password. Once access is establish· 

ed through the password entry, the user is 

free to choose his own encoding key em· 

ploying from 1 to 8 characters of the Apple 

keyboard. Can be used from within any 

BASIC or machine language program. All 

file types are handled and are changed to 

file type " S" when encoded. Two versions 

are available · one will encode a 50 sector 

file in 33 seconds, the other will do the task 

in 13 seconds. 

Orange County Technology Associates, 

Ltd. 

P. 0. Box 17274 

Irvine, CA 92713 

(714) 559-5381 

Disk Inspector runs under Z80 CP/ M for 

disk inspection and modification. Acts as a 

full screen editor for diskettes. Displays 

sectors on the screen in both character and 

hex formats. You can make changes and 

rewrite the sector. Although rnskJnspect9r 

runs under CP / M you can inspect and alter 

normal (non CP/ M) Apple diskettes, as 

well. The disk drives may be single or 

double density, single or double sided. A 

Comprehensive manual will show you how 

to recover an erased file, modify a directory 

entry, clean up a directory, utilize the CP/ M 

auto-load feature, create multiple directory 

entries, read and modify non CP/ M dis· 

kettes, etc. Requires an 80 x 24 screen · 

$29.95. 

Overbeek Enterprises 

P. 0. Box 726 

Elgin, IL 60120 

The CP/ M Card plugs CP/ M Plus into your 

Apple. Gives you the option of running your 

Apple II with the speed and capability of a 

professional Z80 system with CP/ M com· 

patible software. This card gives you instant 

access to the world's largest selection of 


microcomputer software· more than 3,000 

CP/ M compatible applications, languages, 

and programming utilities, yet you still have 

access to your present library of Apple 

software. Together, the ultra-fast card and 

CP/ M Plus run applications up to 300% 

faster than your Apple system. Includes 

64K of on-board memory, CP/ M Plus, 

CBASIC, GSX-80 and full documentation · 

for just $399 .' . . 

Advanced Logic Systems 

1195 East Arques Avenue 


(800f538·8177 or (408) 730-0306 (CA) 

SXR Plus helps write or change Applesoft 

programs. It is a sorted cross reference 

utility that helps you debug, modify and 

optimize programs. Tailor SXR Plus to your 

needs while utilizing its many important 

features including Search · $39.95. 

Prasek Computer Systems, Inc. 

P. 0 . Box 2427 


(408) 554-0420 

Simple*DOS eliminates the need to know 

DOS. Simply and easily creates and retrieves 

Applesoft usable files. The system builds 

your text file(s). Simple report and listing 

capability built in. User interface in BASIC 

allows you to build simple and quick pro· 

grams. Use immediately. No need to read 

thick user manuals · $49.95. Requires an 


Softstalker 

1376 Overlook Drive 

Steamboat Springs, CO 80477 

(800) 522·1500 

David·DOS allows 500% faster loading of 

Text, Integer, Applesoft & Binary files and 

six powerful extra commands in DOS 3.3. 

Automatically supports an Integer or Ap· 

plesoft ROM Card in any slot. Speed loads 

all text files, or lists to screen or printer. 

Dump binary/ ASCII to screen or printer, 

disassembles binary to screen/ printer, 

prints program address & IE:ngth. HIDOS 

DOS command moves itself to 16K RAM 

card. Catalog free space is also provided a~ 

an option, Installs in seconds on any disk· 

$39.95. Requires an Apple II or II Plus with 

48K and DOS 3.3. 

David Data 

12021 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 212 


(213) 478-7865 

Word Processing 

The Random House ProofReader is based 

. on the famous Random House Dictionary. 

It is the result of decades of careful work. It 

was adapted for computer spelling check· 

ing by professional editors, linguists and 

scholars · so you can depend on it. It shows 

you the error and the sentence ifs in and 

even let's you correct the mistake without 

re-editing. And if you don't know how to 

spell a word, it suggests the spelling. It even 

corrects your correction. Comes in sizes to 

fit all systems: 20,000 words (55K), 32,000 

words (1 OSK), and 80,000 words (180K). 

You can add your own words with a single 

keystroke. Works with all CP/ M word pro· 

cessors · $50.00. 

Random House ProofReader 

Box 339-M 

Tijeras, NM 87059 

(212) 564-0746 

Bank Street Writer turns your Apple com· 

puter into a powerfu_l ,wqrd processor, with 

many advanced features. Bank Street Writ· 

er has no c0mplex cocles to memorize. The 

screen guides you every step of thE: way. 

Features automatic word wrap, so you 

don't have to hyphenate or «RETURN » at 

the end of each line, potent print format 

routines all in memory, automatic center· 

ing and index, universal search and replace, 

password protection, cjocument chaining, 

page headers and automatic page number· 

ing, upper and lowercase without additional 

hardware. Complete with tutorial and utility 

programs and a comprE:hensive reference 

manual and a free back·up disk. Requires 

an Apple II or II Plus with 48K and DOS 3.3. 

Broderbund Software 

1938 Fourth Street 

San Rafael, CA 94901 

(415) 456-6424 

Glossaryone gives Applewriter II I Epson 

users the ability to print in various modes, 

emphasized printing, double strike, double 

width, compressed width, sub·/ super· 

scripts, italics, underlining. Do all this and 

more easily and painlessly without spend· 

ing hours reading manuals and memoriz· 

ing escape cocles using Glossaryone and 

the glossary feature of your Applewriter II 

software. For disk and simple instructions 

send $12.95. 

Glossaryone 

#J Jo-Lin Ctr. 

El Sobrante, CA 94611 

Books/ Catalogs 

The Survival Kit for Apple Computer 

Games covers most popular home com· 

puter games in four categories· adventure, 

arcade, fantasy, and strategy. For each 

game you'll find detailed descriptions, win· 

ning strategies, tips from experts, and a 

quality rating. Packed with plenty of cha!· 

lenges for avowed computer game .freaks. 

All the games run on an Apple, and hard· 

ware specs tell you at a glance what other 

machines can be used · $9.95. 

Wadsworth Electronic Publishing Company 

1 0 Davis Drive 

Belmont, CA 94002 

(800) 322-2208

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D Canada/ Mexico . . . . . . $27.00 

Interbank No. 

~~~~1 4-digit number above your name on MasterCard'" D Check/ Money Order 

Charge Card No. [ I I I I I I I I I I I f f f f D MasterCard'" 


Card Expires 

O v1sA 

Payment must accompany order and must be made in U.S. funds and drawn on U.S. bank. Make 

check payable to APPLE ORCHARD.

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INTHE 

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S,APPI£ Orchard 

--=--=---- 908 George Street 

Santa Oara, CA 95050

If you like "talking" to your 

Apple by pushing keys and looking 

at a screen, you'll like the ~ 

real thing - computer~generated 

speech-even more. 

For home use, there's 

nothing like the friendliness 

of the spoken word for ' 

learning languages, teaching 

children to read, or 

playing video games. And _ 

around the office, you'll appreciate the convenience of 

· synthesized speech for announcing important messages 

you tnay miss on the screen, relaying status information, 

answering telephone inquiries, and a host of other 

routine tasks. · 

Now you can do all these things - and more ~with 

. our new SSB-APPLE Speech Synthesis Board. All at a 

price that won't leave you speechless:·$195.;? .· .· 

At a fraction of the price of other ~speech synthe-, 

sizers, the SSB-APPLE features the largest vocabulary 

available today for the Apple II: 1200 word~. · enafiljng 

you to create virtually any mes- 

. sage. you want. And because 

we use Texas Instruments' 

.high-performance. TMS5220 

speech chip-coupled with 

an on-board 'amplifier and 

external high-Quality speaker 

-you also get the most 

natural sounding voice 

quality around. 

. But don't take' our word 

for it. Take your Apple's. To order, call toll-free (800) 538- ---- 

1542;, ~California ; (408) 773-8400 1 . O•r 1 wr.ite. ·u 11 s 1 to.da.y. 

Easy to inst~U and to actfvate trom any BASIC program. 

the ssa:'APPLE kit comes,complete With every- 

thing you need to make a dumb Apple articulate. board. 

.hjgh-quality speaker arid cable, digitized dictionary 

·· (on 51/4-inch floppies}, and handy reference manual. 

,_ MULTIT£CH '.' 

·,, ELECTRONICS 

Mqltitech Electronics, Inc., 19§. West El Camino Real, 

Sunn~ale, CA 94086 , · _ · 

Apple II is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Dealer.inquiries welcome. 

'

Apple FORTRAl'I manual presents complete 

and specific details for the use of 

FORTRAN on an Apple 11. This manual 

contains information on keyword use, program 

statements, edit descriptors, block 

statements, and a look at the Apple hardware 

needed. Immediately useable FORTRAN 

business and scientific programs are presented 

- $17.95. 

Howard W. Sams & Co. Inc. 

4300 West 62nd Street 

Indianapolis, IN 46206 

(317) 298-5400 

Free newsletter/ catalog contains tips, techniques, 

news and information about the 

world of Apple Pascal. Includes at least one 

free Pascal program listing in every issue. 

Also describes low cost utilities, games, 

etc., written in Pascal and assembler. Described 

programs include source code, documentation, 

and example uses. Send your 

name and address to: 

Kingdom Computer Concepts 

P. 0 . Box 182 

St Johnsbury Center VT 05863 

Programmer's Guide To CP/ M is an 

important collection of CP/ M insights that 

you'll never find in any CP/ M manual. Tells 

you what these enhancements are and how 

to put them to use, how to get around 

apparent limitations of a CP/ M system and 

why CP/ M is far more versatile than you 

might have imagined. Every article in this 

guide originally appeared in Microsystems 

between January 1980 and February 1982. 

Except for this collection, these articles are 

now unavailable. Contents include an introduction, 

software reviews, utilities and enhancement, 

CP/ M 86 and software directories. 

200 pages - $12.95. 

Creative Computing 

39 East Hanover Avenue 

Morris Plains, NJ 07950 

LAMP is a bi-monthly index to approximately 

100 computer publications. An outstanding 

feature is the subject index, crossreferenced 

to provide the most comprehensive 

listing and ease of retrieval. All 

articles are read for subject content and 

then listed with as many cross references as 

required to retrieve the article. An author 

index lists individual names while the review 

index covers book reviews, hardware, software 

and educational courseware. It lists 

the source of the review and translates the 

written review into a 1- to 5-star rating. Each 

issue contains approximately 200 pages. A 

year end issue is cumulative and includes 

the information from the previous 5 issues - 

$69.95/ year. 

Soft Images 

200 Route 17 

Mahwah, NJ 07430 

(800) 526-9042 or (201) 529-1440 (NJ) 

Create Word Puzzles With Your Microcomputer 

by Ernest E. Mau is a collection 

of puzzle programs that allow a personal 

computer to create acrostics, cryptograms, 

word-find, quote-falls, fall-ins, and other 

word puzzles. The book's 17 Microsoft 

BASIC programs produce 25 puzzles. The 

word puzzles are either blank with answer 

keys or printouts following puzzle magazine 

format The book's programs are designed 

to handle large alphabetic data bases which 

are formed from word and quotation files 

created by the user. The puzzles are constructed 

from the data bases. Programs are 

fully documented. 7 x 9 %-inch paperback, 

304 pages, $14.95. 


How to Cope With Computers by Tom 

Logsdon is an entertaining, yet informative, 

discussion of the impact of computers on 

our daily lives and the future of our society. 

Humorous anecdotes illustrate the tactics 

individuals use to cope with computers - 

from mainframes to micros. Includes a 

brief history of the computer, explanations 

of hardware and software, and an introduction 

to programming in BASIC. An overview 

of computer career opportunities is 

also provided. The author combines wit 

and wisdom to ease the anxieties of the 

coming computer age. The book concludes 

with the advantages of buying and 

operating a personal microcomputer for 

the home. Paperback, 131 pages, $7.95. 




(201) 843-0550 

ls the publication explosion bugging you? 

Now you can get up-to-date abstracts of 

features, hardware/ software, book reviews, 

programs, etc. from popular micro publications. 

Search and select your topics of 

interest Focus is mainly on systems, business, 

utility, education, home, technical, 

and occasionally, games. Subscribe to PEEK 

- the Journal of Micro Abstracts for 

$30.00 per year. 

PEEK 

C. Ckovronek, Editor 

88 Moraine Road 

Morris Plains, NJ 07950 

Pryor computer supplies and accessories 

catalog is now available. They carry binder 

needs, storage drawers and cabinets, static 

control mats, CRT trays, dust covers, word 

processing supplies, CRT screen filters, 

tape storage racks and cabinets, voltage 

regulators, security locks, paper, ribbons, 

print wheels, diskettes, cartridges, furniture, 

etc. 

Pryor Corporation 

400 N. Michigan Avenue 


Meet The Computer is a different instruction 

book for young people. Written by an 

experienced elementary teacher for the 

Apple II or TRS-80. Would you rather have 

the children control the computer instead

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ONE YEAR WARRANTY• VISA/MASTERCARD 

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$595

of the machine controlling them? If you 

haven't the time, or are not sure how to 

teach them, this book will provide the help 

you need. Help elementary age children 

learn BASIC programming with little or no 

assistance from adults. Important concepts 

are set off in boxes, and repeated through· 

out the text. Complete cross·referenced 

glossary and index to reinforce concepts 

and clarify definitions · $9.95 plus $1.50 

shipping. 

Crabbe Associates 

212 W. Graham Avenue 

Lombard, IL 60148 

Microsoft BASIC, 2nd Edition starts with 

an introduction to programming in BASIC, 

and a glossary of the computer terms that 

are used throughout the book The book 

describes the latest version of Microsoft 

BASIC, release 5.0. It covers such impor· 

tant topics as branching and loops, arith· 

metic, strings, editing, arrays and files, the 

disk and additional useful features. Requires 

only a basic understanding of computer 

fundamentals. Through examples that ac· 

tually run, the reader is shown how this 

powerful version of BASIC can save valu· 

able programming time and effort· $14.95. 

Dilithium Press 

11000 S.W. 11th Street, Suite E 

Beaverton, OR 97005 

(503) 646·2713 

SUBSCRIPTION 

INFORMATION 

Page 96 

Get your own copy of 


in its safe, 

winterproof 

plastic bag. 

(Gotta keep ·em fresh') 

The National LOGO Exchange is a 

monthly newsletter providing teachers with 

practical suggestions for implementing 

LOGO in the classroom. Published Sep· 

tember through May, it serves as a forum 

for the exchange of ideas, philosophies, 

and techniques of teaching and using 

LOGO. Columns by well-known profession· 

al educators are featured each month, as 

well as practical articles submitted by sub· 

scribers. Subscription is $25.00 per year in 

the U.S., and $30.00 elsewhere. 

The National LOGO Exchange 

Box 5341 

Charlottesville, VA 22905 

The Appletree magnetic magazine will 

entertain, educate and challenge you. Each 

issue features ready to load programs 

ranging from games, adventures, home 

applications and utilities to personal fi· 

nance, educational, and teaching programs. 

Includes fully listable programs, a news· ' 

letter containing descriptions and instructions 

for all programs, and notes on pro· 

gramming techniques used. Diskette $75/ 

year plus $2.00 for postage and handling. 

The Programmer's Institute 

a division of Futurehouse 

P.O. Box3191 

Chapel Hill, NC 27514 

(919) 967·0861 

Miscellaneous 

Flipper Kit doubles storage capacity of all 

your single-sided 5 1/4 and 8 inch diskettes 

by allowing physical access to both sides. 

At this introductory price, Flipper Kit pays 

for itself after the first two uses. Guaranteed 

results. Complete instructions provided. 

Works for all DOS and single headed disk 

drives· $9.95 (specify disk size). 

PB Industries 

P. 0. Box 1606 

Lafayette, CA 94549 

A new slide program telling all about 

diskettes is available to personal computer 

clubs from 3M's Data Recording Products 

Division. The quarter·hour presentation 

describes diskette construction and shows 

the effects of temperature/ humidity ex· 

tremes. It also covers typical card and 

handling mistakes that cause loss of data 

and shorter diskette life. Since microscopic 

debris, fingerprints, refreshments and other 

commonplace sources of contamination 

abound, careful handling is more impor· 

tant than many club members realize. The 

slide program may be booked free through 

3M representatives, or through authorized 

retailers supplying Scotch brand diskettes. 

3M 

P. 0. Box 33600 

St Paul, MN 55133 

(800) 328·1369 or (612) 733·9572 (MN) 

The First Look Collection lets you preview 

software for 15% of the normal price. Buy 

new software at a 20% or more discount. 

Choose from a large selection of best 

selling games, utilities, and high quality 

educational software designed for home 

use. The club is for Apple owners who have 

a disk drive. For membership information 

and a list of the programs available write: 

The Halfway House 

P. 0. Box 22305 

Lexington, KY 40522 

(606) 268·8703 

The Apple Widows Club of America is 

intended to get your " better half' involved 

with the computer. Programs on the disk 

ette include How Do You Rank, The Widow 

Glossary, Dear Apply, Take a Break, etc., as 

well as information for beginners and dis· 

count software prices. For membership 

information write: 

The Apple Widows Club 

P. 0 . Box 18936 

Shreveport, LA 71138 

The Big Red Apple Club is an Apple users 

group organized to provide the benefits of 

club membership to anyone whom be· 

cause of geographic or personal reasons 

does not belong to a local Apple group. 

Benefits include: over 100 disk sides of 

public domain software, available to mem· 

bers free of charge. Library programs fea· 

ture games, utilities, business applications, 

etc. The Scarlett Letter is a monthly news· 

letter containing utilities, technical tips, 

educational applications, and product re· 

views. Programming hints are given via the 

club hot-line to answer programming and 

hardware problems. Annual membership 

is $12.00. A sample newsletter is $1.00. 

Write today for details. 

Big Red Apple Club 

1301 N. 19th 

Norfolk, NE 68702 

(402) 379·3531 

Now you can go the " library" for software 

and check it out before you buy. For only a 

15% fee you can try most of the software 

you think you want If you like it, keep it The 

15% acts as your down payment. If not, 

return it Your only charge is the 15% fee. 

Large selection of more than 300 titles 

including business, educational, games, 

home, etc. Member discount starts with 

15% off retail. All your purchases will be 

registered. Your discount will increase with 

your purchase volume until you become a 

golden member and make substantial sav· 

ings in every single software purchase. Free 

membership. 


Software Library Learning Center 

334 South State Street 

Ann Arbor, Ml 48107 

(313) 769-7388 

Disk Qwik diskette holder gives you quick 

access to up to 58 5 1/4-inch diskettes. It 

protects from dust and has a convenient 

carrying handle. Features EZ write, EZ 

erase labels. Made of durable plastic in 

black, brown, or blue - $17.95. 

Davis Computer Products 

Box 2258 · 

Provo, UT 84603 

Parjon has introduced an abstracting service 

for the Apple computer. The Apple has 

more publications dedicated to it than any 

other small microcomputer. In addition a 

number of papers dealing with a wide range 

of applications including business, science 

and technology, education, and medicine 

are published in the specialist journals. 

APABS, as the service is called, gathers this 

vital information in the form of: full reference, 

a short summary, and a star marking. 

Available as a disk version, a printed version, 

and combined disk and printed version. 

Parjon 

14 Broadway 

London SWl H OBH 

England 

The Byte Box is a practical and attractive 

designer case for the Apple II and II Plus. Ifs 

unique locking keyboard cover provides 

complete program protection with the option 

of a built-in cooling fan, line surge 

suppressor and plug-ins for monitor and 

printer. Available in three solid woods (teak, 

walnut, and oak) and a complete range of 

colorful leather-like laminates tastefully designed 

to compliment any home or office 

environment Matching single or double 

disk-drive cases with the locking feature are 

also available. 

Kel Tech 

34732 Calle Fortuna 

Capistrano Beach, CA 92624 

(714) 661-0435 

The Opta-Case is built for life. Protect your 

Apple or other computer hardware while in 

transit Interiors of high·density shockabsorbing 

Esterfoam, exteriors of industrial 

grade plastic laminated to 1/ 4-inch plywood, 

steel corners and hardware, custom 

extruded aluminum ' edges and valances. 

Designed to meet or exceed Air Transport 

Association Specification 300 for safe travel 

under most rigorous handling tests. 

Opti-Sound 

Rt 6, Box 89C 

Henderson, TX 75652 

(214) 657-4663 

The MicroStand is now compatible with the 

R H. Electronics Super Fan II, giving you 

the best equipment for both utility and 

ventilation. Solid steel construction and 

painted to match the Apple in color and 

texture. Version 2.2 will organize your Apple, 

two disk drives and a monitor - $49.95. 

Super Fan II - $74.95. 

MicroStand· 

P. 0. Box 997 

Seaside, OR 97138 

(800) 547-2107; in Oregon (503) 738· 

9601 

Were you ever frightened to carry your 5 1/4- 

inch floppies out of the security of your 

home or office, because of that flimsy 

plastic case you keep your discs in? This 

carrying case will store and carry 100 discs 

safely and securely. Each disc pocket is 

surrounded by an inch of high density 

foam. Inhibits crushing, jarring, summer's 

heat, and winter's cold- $39.95 plus $2.00 

shipping. 

Unique Software Inc. 

P. 0 . Box N 

Deer Park, NY 11 729 

(516) 666-7577 

Epson MX70/ 80 cartridges are available 

in black, red, green, blue, and brown. These 

are only $5.00 each with a minimum of 

three of the same color. Reloaded cartridg· 

es are only $2.50 each with a minimum of 

12. $30.00 per dozen of the same color. 

B.T. Enterprises 

lOB Carlough Road 

Bohemia, NY 11716 

(800) 645-1165 or (516) 567-8155 (NY) 

The Bridge hardware organizer's unique 

design houses 3 disk drives and a monitor. 

Fits conveniently over a variety of compu· 

ters (clearance 22% x 61/4 inches). Handcrafted 

of highest quality solid oak Quick 

and easy assembly with patented fastening 

system. Money back guarantee - $79.95 

plus $4.80 shipping in continental U.S. 

Venice Woodworking Company 

12810 Venice Blvd., Suite 523 


(213) 390-4885 

Distinctive Needlepoint customized with 

your favorite computer wizard's name and 

authentic equipment, game or program 

logo is yours for the asking. This unique 

design makes an ideal addition to den, 

office, or recreation room., Kit includes 

printed No. 10 canvas, 100% wool yarn, and 

color chart required for the 9 x 12-inch 

personalized needlepoint Specify name 

and logo desired - $29.95 plus $2.50 per kit 

for postage and handling. 

Richardson House Ltd. 

77 Ives Street 

Providence, RI 02906 

Micro Mittens covers your computer with 

corduroy. They will custom fit any micro, 

mini, or peripheral. Standard colors are 

navy and beige, but if the material is 

available, you can have any color you want 

for no additional charge. California sales tax 

included. Apple II - $15.00, Apple Ill - 

$18.00. Most drives - $13.00. Other covers 

available for Epson printers, etc. 

Micro Mittens 

P. 0 . Box 10246 


(408) 374-4364

If you're free between the hours of six and 

midnight, make a date with one of the 

world's fastest, most powerful online, information 

services - at a fraction of what it 

would cost during the business day. All you 

pay is a $50 registration fee to receive your 

classified user's password. Then, any evening, 

you can summon up a wealth of 

information for as little as $6 per hour. 

BRS/ After Dark gives you access to the 

same comprehensive data files used by 

BRS Search Service subscribers. Covers 

technical and scientific abstracts, medical 

journals, government studies, business indexes, 

major newspapers, etc. Also provides 

nationwide communication via electronic 

mail, shop-at-home services and a 

home computer newsletter. 

BRS 

1200 Rt 7 

Latham, NY 12110 

(518) 783-1161 

Accu- Type II electric copyholder comes 

standard with a 15 watt full carriage length 

flourescent bulb for the 19-inch carriage 

model. Both Model I and II are equipped 

with a protective isolation filter circuit to 

prevent any electrical interference with 

computers, word processors and terminals. 

This exceptional piece of equipment, is 

needed by any keyboard operator to improve 

accuracy, speed and comfort Both 

models have a bi-directional foot pedal, a 

standard flourescent bulb, a magnifying 

bar with red guide line, and will accept 

either standard stationery or continuous 

forms, single or stapled sheets. There are 

no magnets to harm diskettes. The width 

capacity of Model I is 14 inches and Model II 

is 19 inches. 

Amatix Inc. 

1263 Westwood Blvd., Suite 202 


(213) 477-0047 or (213) 473-7393 

and NEC, Wang, IBM or NBI, as well as 

others. A %-inch thick acrylic cover reduces 

glare, raises to any position the operator 

desires, and also functions as a dust protector. 

A quiet fan exhausts machine heat, 

while a forms slot in the back panel has 

finished edges to permit smooth paper 

flow. Prices go from $439.00 to $499 each 

with quantity discounts available. 

Misco 

404 Timber Lane 

Marlboro, NJ 07746 

(800) 631-2227 or (201) 946-3500 (NJ) 

The Apple Stacker is a rack designed to 

stack and hold securely your Apple II 

computer system compactly, and neatly. It 

makes any surface a work station. Built 

from heavy gauge steel with a chip resistant 

finish that compliments your Apple II computer. 

No need for cooling fans in this rack 

system as the large open grid of the rack 

allows air to flow freely. It will support two 

disk drives and a large monitor and has 

space to store diskette boxes when not in 

use. 

Universal Industries 

Computer Division 

P. 0. Box 63188 


(213) 269-2117 

Comp-U-Corner utilizes normally wasted 

corner space, enabling the user to have a 

home computer center without having to 

dedicate an entire room to it Features a 

choice of wood finish and laminates, printer 

paper slots, adjustable shelves and a five 

year guarantee. Options available include a 

drawer conversion kit, a mounted surge 

protector/ outlet run, and a cable organizer - 

$475.00. . 

John James Furnishings 

9015-A Meadow Vista Blvd. 

Houston, TX 77064 

(713) 469-4508 

The Disk Crate'" is an inexpensive media 

(and manual) storage container. Holds 

more than 200 5%-inch diskettes. Made 

from durable plastic, it comes with a plastic 

tab set Colors: white or beige. Suggested 

retail price: $8.95. 

International Datawares, Inc. 

910 George St 


(408) 988-5594 

The Heat Snatcher is a simple, passive 

cooling device that mounts on the power 

supply inside of an Apple or other type of 

micro-computer that uses an enclosed 

power supply. It operates without noise or 

power consumption. It reduces the operating 

temperature of the power supply and 

the temperature within the computer cabinet 

through the dissipation of the heat As a 

result component performance is more 

dependable and power supply life, length· 

ened · $9.95. 

Juli Company 

1415 S. Harlem Avenue 

Berwyn, IL 60402 

New " knock-down" line of sound enclosures 

reduces sound levels for word processing 

and computer printer terminals. Unit 

can be shipped by UPS which saves 60 to 

80 percent in shipping costs. Five sound 

models are designed to fit Diablo, Qume _ 

Disk Minders'" are smoke-colored acrylic 

disk storage boxes which enhance home or 

office decor while keeping up to 75 disks at 

your fingertips. Hinged lids keep the disks 

dust-free when closed; the box is designed 

so that the front becomes an easy carrying 

handle. Suggested Retail $29.95. 

International Datawares, Inc. 


MOVING? 

Please help the Apple Orchard 

keep up with you. 

Send your mailing label and 

new address to: 



Santa Clara CA 95050 

Name: 

Old Address: 

Please give us 4 weeks notice to 

ensure uninterrupted deliveiy. 

N 

13· 

And while you're at it, consider 

extending your subscription 

right now, even if it's not due at 

this time. If you save us the extra 

trip through our files by doing 

this, we'll add a bonus issue to 

that extension.

ADVERTISERS' INDEX 

83 Applied Engineering Cover 2 Leading Edge 

10 Beagle Bros.· Micro Software 89 Multitech 

75 Cases, Inc. 93,95 Nibble 

85 Central Point Software 4·5 Orange Micro 

27 Compco 51 Overdrive Computer Corp. 

37 COMPress 41 Peelings II 

45 Compuclub 63 Pirates' Harbor 

Cover 3 Corona Data Systems 73 Proforma Software 

21 Dark Star Systems 9, 91 RH Electronics 

2, 67 Data most 35,87 Sams Books & Software 

71 E·Z Tax Cover 4 Sierra On·Line, Inc. 

47 East Side Software 90 Softkey Publishing 

35 Exec Systems 23 SSM 

81 Foxville 80 Starlogic 

7,66 IAC 27 Sun Microsystems 

31 IJG 79 TAVA Corporation 

78 Innovative Data Technology 77 United Computer Corporation 

1 Interactive Structures 25 Videx 

84 Interlink 29 Vista Computer 

49 John Wiley & Sons 6 Voice Machines 

64·65 Kensington Microware 17 Wadsworth Electronic Pub!. Co. 

33 Link Systems 48 XPS 

ADDIE 

01~c11a1~d 

SUBSCRIPTIOllS 

International Apple Core, 908 George St., Santa Clara, CA 95050 

The International Apple Core makes individual subsc riptions to "The Apple Orc hard " available: 

NAME 

STRE8 

CITY _ ____________ _ STATE _ _ _________ ZIP _________ _ 

COUNTRY - - ------------------------------ 

Ann ua I Subscription Rate: $19.50 for 9 issues 

Canada, Mexico, APO, and FPO addresses: $27.00 

Overseas and other foreign surface postage: $36.00 

TOTAL REMITIANCE ENCLOSE[): $(USA) ____________ _ 

Ma ke c heck or money order paya ble to "International Apple Core" a nd return with this form to: 


908 George St. 


TOTAL REMITTANCE ENCLOSED: $(USA) _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ ____ _ _

1b Do It Right. 

Tu make a Winchester disk for just Apple®II. 

That's how we set out to design our hard disk for 

the Apple®II. To understand the needs of serious 

users and programmers, and to correct the errors 

of our predecessors. 

You want user-friendliness. So we wrote hard disk 

versions of Apple DOS, CP/M® and Pascal that 

are highly user-friendly and loaded with 

useful features. 

D Auto-boot hard disk 

D Menu-driven utilities 

D Single-keystroke program execution in DOS 

D Disk search with wild cards, and many more 

You want flexibility. So we made every 

feature variable. 

D From 1 to 16 operating systems on each disk 

D Operating system spaces grow as needed 

D Slot independence 

D Variable size volumes (to 400K in DOS) 

D Mountable and unmountable volumes (even in CP/M) 

D Custom DOS allowed 

You want reliability. We use the leading drive. 

And Corona's unique data protection technology. 

D DataGuard 32-bit error correction code 

D FailSafe read-after-write and automatic bad-sector reallocation 

D 2-level impact-protection packaging 

You want low-cost backup. So we wrote backup 

utilities that make floppy backup convenient. 

D File compacting to reduce the number of floppies 

D Volume selective backup in all operating systems 

D Automatic diskette sequencing to ease floppy handling 

You want compatibility. We maximize compatibility 

with existing software and peripheral cards. 

D 9K interface card leaves main memory untouched 

D Interrupts are allowed 

D Boot protected floppies from slot 6 without removing hard disk 

D Automatic slot/drive to hard disk remapping 

And you want support. We do that right too. 

D Hardware depot service in every region 

D Software theft-protection on the hard disk 

Compare the features that matter to you. 

And visit our local dealer or distributor for 

a demonstration. You'll see the difference 

specialization makes. 

Corona Starfire - 

The Winchester Disk for Apple II 

$2)(5 I 5 MB $2 5 I 10 MB 

(All software included. Pascal not needed for CP/M.) 

$2195 $2695 

corona 

The Third Generation Microcomputer Company 

Corona Data Systems• 31324 Via Colinas, Section 110, Westlake Village, CA 91361 • 213-706-1505

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