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Almlr!rtTEArt~. 110rtAL<br />
~PPLE COAET"<br />
<strong>•</strong> r Dl~ESElllS<br />
TM<br />
1be Premier Magazine for Apple Computer Users<br />
VOLUME 3 NUMBER 2 MAY-JUNE 1982<br />
$3.25 .
On the new, slicked-up, patible daisy wheels and<br />
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It's C. Itoh's latest genera- In its serial mode, it can<br />
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It cranks out flawless copy !including boldface, underat<br />
40 cps; and its full 15" lines, subscripts and supercarriage<br />
lets it double in brass scripts), and snap the carriage<br />
for both letter processing and back to start the next line<br />
business applications. You in less than a second. In its<br />
can plug it into almost any line mode, it prints in both<br />
micro on the market (serial or directions, for even faster<br />
parallel) simply by plugging it throughput.<br />
in. And then make it keep on (While making about as<br />
trucking with inexpensive, much noise as a cat walking<br />
easily available Diablo com- on Kleenex.)<br />
It's a nice, portable 30<br />
pounds-about 10 pounds<br />
lighter than the Starwriters<br />
before it. And it ~tands<br />
exactly as tall (or precisely as<br />
small) as a dollar bill.<br />
Speaking of which:<br />
Incredibly, the Starwriter F-10<br />
sells for about the same<br />
preposterously low price as<br />
its predecessors. Which is to<br />
say, about $800 less than a lot<br />
of other printers that don't<br />
even come close to measuring<br />
up. Or even better. . .<br />
Measuring down.<br />
Distributed Exclusively<br />
by Leading<br />
Edge Products, Inc.,<br />
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LEAD I MG<br />
EDGE:
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TakE a bilE ...<br />
Vol. 3, No. 2<br />
Cover: One of the Few Quiet .Moments at the Faire. Jim Gray photos .<br />
.Make the Devil Do It! - Neil Lipson . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
The Diablo Printer and the Apple Computer.<br />
File Cabinet Initializer I Stuffer - Mike Kramer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
Improvements to an "Old Faithful" Data Base.<br />
Applesoft List Formatter - David H. Bartley. . .......... . ...... .. .<br />
A pretty and clear format for your program listings.<br />
Educational Uses of the Computer- Ted Perry<br />
From the Education SIGroup.<br />
Hello, Operator? - Joe Budge . . . . . . . . . .<br />
What's an Operating System, anyway?<br />
May - June, 1982<br />
Three Pascal "Features" - Paul Sand .................. .......... . 55<br />
When is a bug not a bug?<br />
West Coast Computer Faire - Amanda Hixson . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60<br />
With photos of L'A{faire WaTTen by Jim Gray and Earl Rand.<br />
Apple I I I Invokable .Modules - Alan Anderson . . . . . . . . . . 66<br />
A start toward improving your SOS condiments.<br />
Will the Real Apple Pascal Please Stand Up? - Dr. Wo ..... 75<br />
Looking at transportable alternatives.<br />
DEPARTMENTS<br />
Textfile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6<br />
Print Fre(Ed): Pyrex? - Val J. Golding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<br />
Planting a Seed: The Vanishing Hacker - Peter C. Weiglin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11<br />
Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14<br />
IAC Sponsoring .Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45<br />
President's .Message - Ken Silverman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81<br />
Forbidden Fruit - Mark L Crosby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84<br />
Temptations, Necessities, and Delicacies.<br />
16<br />
26<br />
36<br />
50<br />
52
Vol. 3 No. 2 May-June 1982<br />
Entire contents Copyright © 1982<br />
by International Apple Core<br />
Peter C. Weiglin-Editor and Publisher<br />
Ingrid Worthge-Art Director<br />
Val J. Golding-Editorial Associate<br />
.Mark L Crosby-New Products Editor<br />
"Dr. Wo" -Pascal/Languages Editor<br />
EDITORIAL .MATERIAL TO:<br />
Apple Orchard<br />
910 A George St.<br />
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(408) 727-7652<br />
ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE<br />
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SUBSCRIPTIONS-DEALER INFORMATION<br />
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JenyVitt<br />
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Dave Gordon<br />
David Alpert<br />
Joe Budge<br />
Roger Keating<br />
AubyMandel<br />
Wolfgang Dederichs<br />
Harlan G. Felt<br />
James E. Hassler<br />
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SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS:<br />
Education SIG<br />
Ted Peny<br />
Ham Radio SIG<br />
James E. Hassler, WB7TRQ<br />
Handicapped SIG David McFarling<br />
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APPLE ORCHARD (ISSN 0277· ! 950) is published bi-monthly by the International Apple Core, Inc.,<br />
910 A Georqe Sl, Santa Clara, CA 95050. Second Class postage pending at Santa Clara, CA and<br />
additional offices.<br />
Subscription rates: ~15.00 for six issues in the U.S.; $22.50 in U.S. funds for Canada, Mexico, APO<br />
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Send change of address notices and correspondence concerning subscriptions to: Apple Orchard,<br />
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Apple Orchard is a publication of the International Apple Core, a worldwide federation of Apple<br />
Computer User Groups. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and do not<br />
necessarily represent the views of the International Apple Core. While we appreciate the cooperation<br />
of Apple Computer, Inc. and other sponsoring members, the IAC and Apple Orchard do<br />
not necessarily represent the views of any of these companies. Our existence is derived from the<br />
thousands of Apple users, as individuals, and it is their interests which we serve.
All your needs<br />
in one basket.<br />
Bite-soft offers over 1,000 items, with all the Softalk Poll<br />
best-sellers in stock for immediate shipment In fact,<br />
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chances are we have it in stock or on order.<br />
Call our toll-free numbers any time 24 hours a day to<br />
request our free catalog or to place your order for just<br />
about any Apple-compatible product We ship ASAP<br />
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plus free bonus diskettes with every software shipment<br />
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More than 100 publishers represented, including:<br />
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TEXT FILE<br />
Well, here's the second issue of Apple Orchard published<br />
from our Santa Clara home office. At 112 pages plus cover,<br />
it should validate everyone's hopes that we have in fact<br />
become a bi-monthly publication. We're gratified by your<br />
response to the March·April issue. We're also not standing<br />
still; the Apple Orchard is continuing to expand, with your<br />
support and participation.<br />
And did we get comments on the philosophical observations,<br />
the unbashful opinions, the penetrating<br />
analyses of the computer? Naah. We got comments on the<br />
cover photo, namely the dirty fingernails on the Grubby<br />
Paws of the Future. Even got accused of running a dirty<br />
book Well, the photo shows the typical condition of the<br />
paws on a more or less typical 9 - year old male,<br />
immediately before discovery by his mother. Reality ain't<br />
always pretty, friends.<br />
This issue, Neil Lipson, the IAC's Software Chairman,<br />
naturally writes about .. er, hardware. Specifically, the<br />
Diablo printer, which is the letter-quality workhorse. Thanks<br />
too to the Diab lo folks for the photos and other information,<br />
despite the fact that some of Neil's opinions may not fit into<br />
their marketing plans.<br />
There has been much discussion of the "transportability" of<br />
the Pascal language. This issue, Paul Sand describes some<br />
"features" of Apple Pascal, and the redoubtable Dr. Wo<br />
covers some different available versions of Pascal In the<br />
July-August issue, Bill Shepard will provide a unit that<br />
allows the user a far greater measure of independence from<br />
specific hardware.<br />
And before the BASIC user feels totally left out, we have<br />
what has to be the prettiest of"prettyprint" programs we've<br />
seen for listing programs in BASIC, thanks to David Bartley.<br />
This one is a great help if you've ever puzzled over a printout<br />
of your latest program, with multiple statements in one<br />
program line, trying to figure out what goes where. The<br />
article appeared in much shorter form in the Apple-Dillo,<br />
the newsletter of the San Antonio Appleseed group; Mr.<br />
Bartley is its Editor. (Note that we will adopt this routine for<br />
use elsewhere in the magazine.)<br />
Toll-free I Operator 608:<br />
(800) 824-7888<br />
(800) 852·7777 in California<br />
(800) 824·7919 in Alaska/Hawaii<br />
F'or personal selection assistance, phone (213) 843-1155.<br />
Or. write P.O. Box 175. North Hollywood. CA 91603.<br />
Bite-soft is a,Ji\'ision 1,f Bitc-si7.e Computer System. Inc.<br />
Apple is a re~ istered trademark of Apple Compute1: Inc.<br />
As always, we invite your comments.
One Apple<br />
and$1,550<br />
can make a lot of pies.<br />
And charts. And graphs.<br />
Introducing the New Personal<br />
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Hewlett-Packard<br />
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Simply add on the new high ~<br />
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-------_:_~ An option you'll want, too.<br />
The eye is faster.<br />
For only $95, you can also get a 17057 Overhead<br />
Data, when visualized graphically, becomes information<br />
fast. Charts and bar graphs can make any presenta<br />
Transparency Kit that turns your plots into transparencies<br />
for overhead projectors. For "I need it tomorrow<br />
tion clearer and more readily understood. But asking your<br />
at 9:00 A.Ml" meetings, it's a necessity.<br />
staff to produce the graphics<br />
for your next presentation<br />
Start plotting your next presentation today.<br />
doesn't ensure accuracy or<br />
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Mail the coupon below and we'll send you - absolutely<br />
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Then ... stop in at your nearest Hewlett-Packard<br />
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On top of all that, it comes in an attractive design<br />
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Address City, State & Zip _____________________________________<br />
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I Send to: Hewlett-Packard, 16399 W. Bernardo Drive, San Diego, CA 92127- Attn: Nancy Carter<br />
I<br />
<strong>•</strong> Apple is the registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. 11202 A0/05 <strong>•</strong>
PRINT FRE(ED)<br />
by Val J. Golding<br />
What's this I hear about Pyrex? . ..<br />
The subject of piracy and protection<br />
has been mercilessly beat<br />
to death in the magazines, all of<br />
which, up till now, has accomplished<br />
little. We would like to feel<br />
these are the last words we need to<br />
pen on a matter that seems almost<br />
to border on the obscene, by virtue<br />
of its over-coverage. If you are a<br />
glutton for punishment, read the<br />
feature section in the April 1982<br />
Call -A.P.P.L.E. Dr. Lingwood<br />
offers what we believe is the only<br />
practical recourse for software<br />
manufacturers; Mark Pelczarski,<br />
president of Penguin Software<br />
joins with consumers and asks us<br />
to not abuse the trust he has shown<br />
in us by non-protecting new software<br />
releases.<br />
We have written and released<br />
one commercial program, our<br />
Directory Title Writer utility. Recently<br />
a major bug was brought to<br />
our attention, and while correcting<br />
that, we also removed the limited<br />
protection that was originally on<br />
the disk. We ask again that the<br />
industry, and particularly those<br />
who produce business-oriented<br />
programs, remove their locks<br />
and/or supply backup copies on a<br />
timely basis.<br />
We have tried assessing blame<br />
in the past; it seems somewhat<br />
fruitless. We cannot change what<br />
has been and what is.<br />
Or can we.<br />
We have been to many club<br />
meetings of different user groups;<br />
we have witnessed copyrighted<br />
programs being traded; others<br />
have experienced similar scenes.<br />
We have heard the old story: "l<br />
gave it to my friend because he<br />
never would have bought it himself."<br />
That is a false assumption,<br />
one in which we can never determine<br />
the truth unless we do not<br />
give that copy away.<br />
As lAC member clubs, and as<br />
individuals, we have an obligation<br />
to our members, and to ourselves,<br />
to not avert our eyes. We must be<br />
able to live with ourselves, and we<br />
must realize that every individual<br />
action has potential consequences<br />
far beyond the limits of our imagination.<br />
We have already seen some<br />
results in the form of constantly<br />
increasing prices.<br />
Each lAC member club, upon<br />
filling out their application blank,<br />
swears they will not condone the<br />
duplication of copyrighted programs.<br />
The lAC has not the manpower,<br />
nor would they want to be a<br />
Scotland Yard of software. Thus,<br />
as member clubs, we must lead the<br />
way and set examples that not only<br />
set our own minds at ease, but can<br />
also serve to guide others.<br />
'That's pirates, Emily."<br />
"Never mind."<br />
8 Apple Orchard
"NIBBLE® IS TERRIFIC"<br />
(For Your Apple)<br />
NIBBLE IS: The Reference for Apple computing!<br />
NIBBU IS: One of the Fastest Growing Magazines in<br />
the Personal Computing Field.<br />
NmBl.E IS: Providing Comprehensive, Useful and<br />
Instructive Programs for the Home, Small Business, and<br />
Entertainment.<br />
NIBBLE IS: A Reference to Graphics, Games, Systems<br />
Programming Tips, Product News and Reviews, Hardware<br />
Construction Projects, and a host of other features .<br />
N<strong>•</strong>ll.E IS: A magazine suitable for both the Beginner and<br />
the Advanced Programmer.<br />
Each issue of NIBBLE features significant new Programs of Commercial Quality. Here's<br />
what some of our Readers say:<br />
- "Certainly the best magazine on the Apple II"<br />
- "Programs remarkably easy to enter"<br />
- "Stimulating and Informative; So much so that this is the first computer magazine I've<br />
subscribed to!''<br />
- "Impressed with the quality and content."<br />
- "NIBBLE IS TERRIFIC!"<br />
In coming issues, look for:<br />
D Stocks and Commodities Charting D Assembly Language Programming Column<br />
D Pascal Programming Column D Data Base Programs for Home and Business<br />
D Personal Investment Analysis [J Electronic Secretary for Time Management<br />
D The GIZMO Business Simulation Game<br />
And many many more!<br />
NIBBLE is focused completely<br />
on the Apple Computer systems.<br />
Buy NIBBLE through your local<br />
Apple Dealer or subscribe now with<br />
the coupon below.<br />
Try a MBBLEI'<br />
..__ __________________<br />
NOTE:<br />
- Domestic U.S. First Class subscription rate is $36.50<br />
- Canada Air Mail subscriptio n rate is $42.50<br />
- Outside the U.S. and Canada Air mail subscription rate is $47.50<br />
All payments must be in U.S. funds d rawn on a U.S. bank.<br />
·qgso by MICRO-SPARC., INC . Linco ln, Mass. 01773. All rights reserved .<br />
· App l «: · ~ a r1:1g15tered trademark of Apple Computer Company.<br />
r<strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><br />
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Computer, Inc.
Pla11ti114<br />
a SEEd <strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><br />
THE VANISHING HACKER<br />
Do you remember the "hacker,"<br />
also known as the computer hobbyist?<br />
There he sits, late at night, programming,<br />
probing the machine's<br />
inner depths, sometimes cursing softly,<br />
others shouting ecstatically. The<br />
machine does what you tell it to do,<br />
not what you want it to do.<br />
The hacker can easily be picked<br />
out of a crowd; he (or she) is the one<br />
who bought an Apple for its own sake;<br />
who survived the "Whatcha gonna<br />
doowiddit'' inanities, and who gradually<br />
conditioned the machine to serve<br />
human needs. Sometimes by force.<br />
There was pride at the first successful<br />
simple BASIC program, and a growing<br />
competence on the part of the<br />
hacker. Explore Pascal? Maybe even<br />
venture into machine language? Sure,<br />
why not? It's even possible that the<br />
hacker's efforts filled some need in<br />
the marketplace, spawning a "basement"<br />
business or" cottage industry."<br />
It was probably inevitable, but in<br />
today's Apple world, the hacker is said<br />
to be vanishing from sight. He is being<br />
overwhelmed by the "users," who<br />
didn't buy Apples for the fun(!) of it,<br />
but to use the machine like any other<br />
appliance, for a job of work that had to<br />
be done. There is no interest there in<br />
pushing back frontiers; just keep up<br />
the inventory and that will be enough,<br />
thank you.<br />
But the "hacking" process goes<br />
through stages of development too<br />
.. . and there was a creativity born of<br />
necessity in the early days of the<br />
Apple II phenomenon that we see less<br />
of today, because there is more, and<br />
more refined, material available.<br />
Hacking is no longer necessary to<br />
achieve rapport with the Apple II.<br />
Net result: fewer people become<br />
hackers, although more people are<br />
users. Ask the market researchers;<br />
they'll tell you that the hobbyist is not<br />
the marketplace. In fact, "hobbyist" is<br />
almost a dirty word to the corporate<br />
newcomers in their three-piece suits,<br />
come to profit where hackers blazed<br />
the trail.<br />
We owe thanks to the hackers for<br />
the microcomputer. No large or even<br />
medium sized corporation brought it<br />
forth, although these are now stressing<br />
the bandwagon to near its weight<br />
limits. Of the hackers who gave this<br />
industry its start, some have been<br />
rewarded beyond dreams; others have<br />
been forgotten, or have had to endure<br />
seeing. others receive acclaim not<br />
altogether due them. Growth and<br />
corporateness has become inevitable,<br />
and that is not a climate in which<br />
hackers flourish.<br />
Apple The Company is a classic<br />
example of sudden growth and the<br />
human problems that accompany it.<br />
The attempt to impose the institutional<br />
structure of a large corporation<br />
on what conventional business wisdom<br />
calls " Camp Runamok" is, frankly,<br />
a battle, to be won only at great<br />
cost. Meanwhile, the "hackers" who<br />
created Apple The Company are leaving;<br />
most notably co-Founder and<br />
hacker folk hero Steve Wozniak<br />
'Twas ever thus; Watt, Newcomen,<br />
Cooper, the Wrights, Ford, were all<br />
hackers. T. A. Edison was a "hacker"<br />
of the first water, unconcerned by the<br />
politics of the Corporate Research<br />
budget. And he too was cast aside by<br />
the corporate grayness that survives,<br />
"bringing good things to life" today.<br />
From a societal standpoint, it'5<br />
probably better to have more than<br />
500,000 people improving their lives<br />
somewhat as users, than 10,000<br />
hackers, consumed by an electronic<br />
passion but operating in relative obscurity.<br />
So the market is better for<br />
everyone.<br />
And has the "hacker spirit" really<br />
been done in? Fat chance. Just check<br />
out the Apple / / / Group, which displays<br />
those telltale pioneering overtones.<br />
No, if the hackers "vanish" at<br />
all, they vanish like a scouting party;<br />
over the horizon, ahead of the rest of<br />
us.<br />
May -June 1982 11
LEllE1~s<br />
to tl1E Edito1~<br />
Copy Protection<br />
Sir:<br />
Kudos to Andent, Inc. for their<br />
continued sale and support of<br />
software without copy protection<br />
(Letters, Apple Orchard, March·<br />
April 1982). It seems that other<br />
software companies are coming<br />
around to the realization that<br />
such" protection" actually costs them<br />
more sales than does the piracy.<br />
As manufacturer of the original<br />
Lower Case Adapter, I have had over<br />
100 calls asking whether the LCA is<br />
compatible with VisiCalc. I have to<br />
answer thC!t the LCA doesn't interfere<br />
with VisiCalc, but that there won't be<br />
lower case type. And, because<br />
VisiCalc is copy-protected, I don't<br />
know how to modify it to utilize lower<br />
case.<br />
I would like to use VisiCalc myself, but<br />
have not purchased it for two<br />
reasons: I can't allow my business to<br />
be dependent on a software package<br />
that can't be backed up, and nearly all<br />
of my work is done on 8-inch disks,<br />
and VisiCalc can't be "moved up" to<br />
the bigger disks.<br />
12 Apple Orchard<br />
I can't imagine any business<br />
knowinglytying itself to a product that<br />
can't be backed up, regardless of how<br />
good the product is. And what if a<br />
business does start using a product,<br />
then later needs more disk space?<br />
Mail Orders<br />
Sir:<br />
Dan Paymar<br />
Durango, CO<br />
We find the no-mail order policy<br />
recently implemented by Apple<br />
Computer very distasteful.<br />
Apple's new policy was described<br />
as an effort to provide consumer<br />
education and promote customer<br />
satisfaction. This is patently false, and<br />
we're surprised that Apple would<br />
think that a group of computer users<br />
would fall for it There is also the<br />
question of restraint of trade, which<br />
the courts can handle, but the first<br />
point made can be addressed here.<br />
By removing the mail-order houses<br />
from the marketplace, the customer<br />
is forced to buy at retail stores, where<br />
the prices are generally higher.<br />
Limiting a consumer's options is<br />
never in his best interest Further,<br />
because a large portion of Apple's<br />
current "family" became members<br />
by mail, this can't help but have an<br />
effect on Apple's market share.<br />
The claim that "only the retail stores<br />
can provide the necessary service<br />
and education" is based on a faulty<br />
assumption: that the retail stores can<br />
and do provide this service. In the<br />
areas of both sales and service, many<br />
stores just have not justified Apple's<br />
confidence in them. A good retailer is<br />
rare, and most are poor at applying<br />
their products to the needs of thew<br />
their products to the needs of the<br />
user. They are good at developing<br />
schedules of high prices, though.<br />
The "customer satisfaction" that<br />
Apple is trying to improve would be<br />
better served if Apple leaned on its<br />
retailers, rather than removing a spur<br />
to better performance. The con·<br />
sumer who orders by mail knows<br />
that he can't get personal service; his<br />
eyes are wide open.<br />
And, if Apple enforces the mail order<br />
ban, how will someone outside of a<br />
metropilitan area purchase equipment?<br />
For that matter, what if any<br />
store is out of stock?<br />
We do support our retailers when they<br />
have products and services we can<br />
use, given price and availability
Yes, please send me a dealer list for Screen Director !<br />
Name _____________ Title ___________<br />
Company ____________ Address. _________<br />
City _______ st ___ Zip ____ Phone..__,__ _____<br />
D I would like additional information on Apple Business Graphics and its use<br />
D with this printer or plotter: ________________<br />
D with these other programs: __________ _ _ ____<br />
D to produce xerox color copies, overhead transparencies and 35mm slides<br />
D I am a dealer. Apple Orchard 5182
Software Breakthrough!<br />
THE WORD HANDLER<br />
BY SILICON VALLEY<br />
THE ONLY WORD PROCESSOR IN THE WORLD<br />
FOR THE APPLE THAT:<br />
<strong>•</strong> Gives you full line capability on the screen, no boards nee.<br />
<strong>•</strong> Two character formats to choose from at alftimes!<br />
RUNS WITHOUT ANY HARDWARE MODIFICATIONS/<br />
HIGH POWER<br />
Simplicity of<br />
Operation!<br />
LARGE SCALE<br />
Direct to disk!<br />
All functions seen on the screen!<br />
<strong>•</strong> Lower and uppper case <strong>•</strong> Even and normal justification<br />
underlining<br />
<strong>•</strong> Other functions seen on<br />
<strong>•</strong> Superscript, bold, and turnkey systems in the<br />
unlimited tabs<br />
$13-$20,000 range<br />
<strong>•</strong> Proportional spacing<br />
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED<br />
1625 EL CAMINO REAL, SUITE 4<br />
BELMONT.CA 94002<br />
(415) 593-4344<br />
0<br />
Iii~<br />
INTRAs PSIO - Programmable Serial 1/0 board is fully compatible with current Apple'<br />
software including Pascal I.I. Applesoft.' and Integer Basic. It provides a full EIA RS-232 DTE<br />
interface to most modems. primers and CRT terminals as well as an opto-1solated current<br />
loop interface strappable for full or half duplex. active or passive. 2-wrre or 4-wrre. 20rnA or<br />
60mA operation up to 200V<br />
On board I K ROM software enables user programmable printer width control. delay after<br />
carriage return, automatic line-feed generation. and video display Serial character format is<br />
user alterable with the most popular configurations set as default conditions<br />
Unique to the PSIO are a full range of continuously variable. programmable asynchronous<br />
data rates to 19.2 K baud; automatic recognition of the incoming data rate from a remote<br />
terminal; and firmware routines to pulse-dial calls omo the international Telex-TV.IX network.<br />
,, O
<strong>•</strong>For ttie 48K Apple* II with Applesoft ROM<br />
aod one floppy disc driVe.<br />
Apple IS a registered trademark of Apple Computer Inc.
It is generally believed (particularly by people who own<br />
them!) that the Diablo printers represent the ultimate in<br />
dependability and letter quality character output. They're<br />
made by a subsidiary of the Xerox Corporation, and are<br />
"daisy wheel" type printers. The characters are formed by<br />
the impact of raised letters around the circumference of a<br />
print wheel, rather than a multi-wire dot matrix print head.<br />
Thus, the letters are generally better-formed; they're indistinguishable<br />
from those produced by a good typewriter,<br />
which is the " letter-quality" standard. In fact, the Diablo<br />
mechanism is used on Xerox's word processor printers. It's<br />
a top of the line printer, with prices to match for the heavyduty<br />
models. What we'll try to do in this article is to summarize<br />
many of the hints, tips, and tricks which may help you to<br />
interface the Diablo printers to your Apple II. We'll also<br />
provide other pertinent information on this printer.<br />
Interfacing<br />
Any and every printer you connect to a computer requires<br />
some kind of interface connection; let's consider this before<br />
going into the printer itself. While there are some diehards<br />
who have connected printers to the game 1/0 port, the<br />
normal interface is with a card plugged into one of the<br />
Apple's eight peripheral slots. For the Diablo, the first<br />
recommendation for minimize trouble is to use the Apple<br />
High Speed Serial Card, Catalog No. A2L0008. Make absolutely<br />
sure, when you purchase the card, that it comes with<br />
the P-8A PROM chip, not just the plain P-8. (It's rumored that<br />
there is later version, but there is no hard information on it at<br />
this time.<br />
The card should go in peripheral Slot 1. It could be any<br />
slot, but Slot 1 has been established by custom, and much<br />
software is configured for that location. In fact, Slot 1 is<br />
necessary for proper operation with Apple PASCAL.<br />
With the Serial Card, make sure you get the addendum<br />
manual for use with letter-quality printers. This explains the<br />
use of the P-8A PROM, and has some in-depth technical<br />
notes. Also covered is the setting of the seven DIP (dualinline<br />
pin) switches in a little box on the card. Switches 1, 2,<br />
and 3 control the baud rate, or data transmission rate.<br />
Switch 4, when OFF, keeps the Apple from sending characters<br />
when the Diablo isn't ready. Switches 5 and 6 control<br />
the width of the printed line, and Switch 7, when ON, keeps<br />
the Serial card from generating extra linefeeds. So, for a<br />
normal setting, with a 1200 baud data transmission rate and<br />
40-column line width, the setting of the DIP switches is:<br />
Switch Status<br />
1 OFF<br />
2 OFF<br />
3 ON<br />
4 OFF<br />
5 ON<br />
6 ON*<br />
7 ON<br />
16 Apple Orchard
Notice that Switch 6 is marked. If you leave this ON, by<br />
selecting either the 4Ckolumn or 72-column line width,<br />
you'll be able to see the output on your video screen while<br />
printing (set at the 40 character width). With any of the other<br />
settings for the combination of Switches 5 arid 6 (refer to<br />
page 16 in the Serial Card manual) you will not see the video<br />
while printing. For some programs, however, such as the<br />
Graphics Printing System that does "dumps" of a Hi-Res<br />
screen image to the printer, you must have the line width set<br />
to 80 characters, which is Switch 5 ON and Switch 6 OFF.<br />
· There is one problem with the High Speed Serial Card if<br />
your Apple also contains a Hayes Modem. If you put the<br />
Serial Card in Slot 1, then don't put the modem in Slot 2,<br />
even though that's what Apple The Company recommends<br />
for operation with PASCAL Electronic signals on the two<br />
cards sometimes interact with each other in unintended<br />
and strange ways. I have been told by a reliable source that<br />
the modem can be moved to either Slot 4 or Slot 7, and it<br />
will still operate with PASCAL Mine is in Slot 4, but as of yet I<br />
have not tried it with PASCAL.<br />
Which Diablo Model?<br />
Next comes the decision on which Diablo model to buy,<br />
and why. (We' re assuming here that you have already eliminated<br />
other printers.) You have a choice of Diablo models<br />
1640, 1650, 630, or possibly a used 1620. The 1600 models<br />
can come with ("KSR"; keyboard send/receive) or without<br />
("RO"; receive only) the keyboard. The 630 comes as an<br />
RO model only; no keyboard. Personally, I like a keyboard<br />
on a printer, for a few reasons. First, you can use the printer<br />
as an independent terminal with the proper modem without<br />
even using the Apple at all. In addition, you can use it as a<br />
typewriter, although it is not quite the same as an expensive<br />
electric typewriter. The reason is that to see what you are<br />
typing, you must leave it on the" scroll" select. The resulting<br />
up-and-down shifting of the paper can drive you slowly crazy<br />
after a while, so you turn it off, but then you can't easily see<br />
what you' re typing. However, it can work this way if you want<br />
to, and it quite often helps if you have only a short line or an<br />
address to type.<br />
With the keyboard option, you can easily set the vertical<br />
and horizontal motion indices (more on this later). However,<br />
one important reason for a keyboard is that with the IN #1<br />
command you can type to the Appie from the Diablo and<br />
have a written copy of your program or whatever while<br />
you're typing. The Apple video will show what you are<br />
typing. Further, you can type upper and lower case, and<br />
even the forbidden characters like the reverse Applesoft<br />
prompt. In addition, the Diablo keyboard comes with a<br />
numeric keypad, and this in itself can be priceless for some<br />
situations. The KSR or keyboard option costs about $150<br />
more, and it's worth it.<br />
However, back to the choice of which printer to buy, ifyou<br />
have not already purchased one. Let me state this up front:<br />
my personal feeling is that the Diablo 1640, with keyboard,<br />
is the way to go. That's based on my analyses and prejudices;<br />
yours may be different.<br />
The 1650 uses metal print wheels, which cost about<br />
$40-$60. The 1640 uses plastic wheels, which cost about $7.<br />
Therefore for about $50, you can have 7 different plastic<br />
wheels instead of one metal one. And, there is a far greater<br />
variety of plastic wheels and manufacturers than there is for<br />
metal wheels. If you use your printer for some very heavy<br />
duty use, be informed thatthe metal wheels last about five<br />
times longer; but keep in mind that metal wheels are more<br />
than five times the cost, so you may save nothing. By the<br />
way, the only 20-pitch print wheel available is plastic. More<br />
about print wheels later.<br />
The Diablo 630 is another option. This model uses either<br />
metal or plastic wheels interchangeably. It is a more recently<br />
introduced model than the 1600 series, sells for a lower<br />
price, and while the 630 owners I know have had reasonably<br />
good results with them, there are some features available on<br />
the 1600' s that don't appear on the 630. It's the old story of<br />
getting what you pay for.<br />
First, adjustments: on the 630 you can't adjust the<br />
hammer intensity. That means, for example, that the large<br />
letter Orator 90% comes out very light on this printer. On the<br />
May ·June 1982 1 7
1640, you have a choice of three intensities. Similarly, the<br />
paper thickness adjustment on the 630 gives you only three<br />
choices, while the 1640 gives you six.<br />
Second, speed: the 630 is somewhat slower, at 40 char·<br />
acters per second (CPS) compared to the 1640 at 55 CPS.<br />
Third, it is not all that much cheaper than the 1640, as there<br />
are many more "sales" for the 1640 than for the 630.<br />
It is possible that in the distant future the 1640 and 1650<br />
will be discontinued, as the 630' s appear to be cheaper to<br />
manufacture. So, if you want a 1640 or 1650, don't wait<br />
forever to buy one. True, the 630 can take either plastic or<br />
metal wheels, but the improvement in print quality using<br />
metal wheels rather than plastic wheels is detectable only<br />
with a magnifying glass, and even then it's difficult for me. In<br />
my opinion, the metal wheel is not worth all the extra money<br />
for 95% of applications. Again, the choice is yours.<br />
The 630 is said to be more reliable, but many people,<br />
including myself, have trouble belieVing this. The 1640 and<br />
1650 models have been the work horses of the industiy for<br />
the last few years. Their ability to stay out of repair shops is<br />
almost legendaiy, and in my opinion, they are about as<br />
close to state of the art as you'll find right now. Maybe<br />
someone will have something better in the future, but at 55<br />
CPS, the 1640 is in a class of its own.<br />
Ribbons<br />
Let's talk about ribbons for a while. There are three<br />
different types of ribbons for the Diablo: fabric, multi-strike,<br />
and single-strike. The fabric ribbon is OK for most applications,<br />
but like its typewriter counterpart, it does not give the<br />
best letter image quality. Fabric ribbons are usually woven<br />
nylon and have the longest life, but they will lighten up as<br />
you use them,. and will collect dirt in the print wheels, which<br />
18 Apple Orchard
necessitates frequent deaning. They're great for drafts, but<br />
their ecomomy may be offset by their inconvenience; who<br />
wants to keep changing ribbons back and forth for various<br />
purposes?<br />
The second ribbon type is .the multi-strike. It is made of a<br />
mylar material, and is advanced one-fourth of a character<br />
width for each letter strike. The print quality is better than the<br />
fabric ribbon, making the multi-strike ribbon best for all·<br />
around work The ribbon travels through the cartridge only<br />
once, which has led to an increasing 'interest in " recycling"<br />
or reloading of the used cases with new ribbons. The<br />
recyclers have a growing market, despite the· claims of<br />
some ribbon manufacturers that the reloaded cases do hot<br />
work quite as effectively as hew ones. The recycled ribbon is<br />
less costly, of course, so again, the choice is yours.<br />
The third ribbon type, which is the single strike, gives the<br />
best imageby far, and can be used for offset masters. These<br />
ribbons are also quite expensive to use. They strike only<br />
once, therefore you use four times as many ribbons as the<br />
multi-strike. In addition, the cost about 40% more. Each.<br />
(Ouch! -PCW.)<br />
Keep in mind that all ribbons have a shelf life, so make<br />
sure that if you buy them in quantity, use the oldest one first.<br />
The ribbons come in black and brown. I have heard of<br />
one manufacturer th~t makes multi-colored ribbons, but do<br />
not have the name, and hopefully some reader will fill me in<br />
on who makes them.<br />
Print Wheels<br />
I could write an entire book on pririt wheels;, but will<br />
restrict myself to some general points. In 1981, ~bout 10<br />
million plastic printwheels were· sold, . compared to about<br />
700,000 metal wheels. The selection of type styles available<br />
on plastic wheels is much greater than the variety of metal<br />
ohes. My oW11 collection of about 12 plastic wheels covers<br />
all of the applicatiohs that I ever could imagine. If I wanted, I<br />
could even purchase a Hebrew wheel, or almost any other<br />
language. Figure 1 is a sampler of available print wheel<br />
types.<br />
Warning: al,I wheels do not have exactly the same charac·<br />
ters, inthe same places; This is because different users have<br />
different needs. Check carefully to avoid getting a"#'<strong>•</strong> when<br />
you really wanted a " ."<br />
The difference ih print quality between<br />
plastic and metal wheels is<br />
very hard to detect..<br />
Vydec, by qcxon Systems, makes a glass~reinforced plastic<br />
wheel that lasts three tiines longer that standard plastic<br />
wheels. As you would expect, it is about three times the cost.<br />
These give excelleht print quality, and you can even get<br />
them in 15 pitch ( 15 characters per inch printing). AGT<br />
Computer Products manufactures a 20 pitch pi-intwheel,<br />
but you must slow down the printer to use it because the<br />
print is so small that the wheel acts like tiny little teeth that<br />
can chew up your ribbon.<br />
There are even some manufacturers that will custom<br />
make wheels for you. You can even take an existing wheel,<br />
send it to them, and they can put on a special character in<br />
place of one of the letters. The cost can be somewhat<br />
expensive, but for one letter it is only about $20. ( Check, for<br />
example, with Camwil Co. of Honolulu; 800-367-5675.<br />
And let us know of others. -PCW).<br />
As was previously mentioned, plastic wheel printers can<br />
operate at speeds up to 55 characters per second; metal<br />
wheel printers operate at about 35 CPS. The plastic wheel is<br />
also much quieter than the metal one.<br />
You must take care to set the intensity of the printer<br />
hammer such that it is high for multipJe copy printing,<br />
medium for 10 pitch wheels, and low for 12, 15 or 20 pitch<br />
wheels. If these precautions are not taken, yoll will have<br />
shorter than normal print wheel lif~.That's the reason why<br />
the ability to vary the hammer intensity is important.<br />
When you purchase plastic printwheels, make sure that<br />
th~ pei-iod chara,cter has an overlay of metal. The reason for<br />
this is that with the graphics printer programs, or even lines<br />
of dots, the period is heavily µsed. The metal period can take<br />
a lot more of the beating it's sure to get.<br />
The Apple Serial Card with P-BA<br />
PROM avoids the most trouble.<br />
Setting the Printer DIP Switches .<br />
We've already covered the DIP switches in the Serial<br />
Interface card in yoµr Apple: There are also DIP switehes to<br />
be set in the printer, ·and the settings must correspo11d<br />
where required. The most important area of required car·<br />
i"espondence is the baud. rate. If you set the Serial Card<br />
switches for 1200 baud, then the printer switches must be<br />
set for 1200 baud. A less obvious example is this: if you have<br />
the parity set wrong, the Escape "E" will not work Many<br />
strange things like this can and do happen, so be careful.<br />
The Paper Out switch should· be OFF, Speed should be<br />
1200 baud (Switch 2 OFF and Switch 3 Oh), Duplex should<br />
be OFF, Switch 5 should be EVEN, with Switch 6 OFF (no<br />
parity). You can choose either 10 or 12 pitch for the next<br />
switch, delending on the wheel i.n use, and put Switch 8 ON<br />
for the auto carriage return. Switches 9, 10, and 11 are not<br />
normally used unless you have the options.<br />
The Test switch is best left OFF, unless you want to test<br />
the printer. ,The test process causes the printer to execute a<br />
preprogrammed .test sequence. When you test, make sure<br />
you have full width 14" paper in the printer, as the test prints<br />
the entire carriage width.<br />
May -June 1982 19
ier 10<br />
Th . the Diablo io~SCII wheel<br />
i s 1 s<br />
It .<br />
1 . s a<br />
. f u 1<br />
wit . ht the 0 <strong>•</strong><br />
wheel. will not1cer listings<br />
as you<br />
·s exce<br />
llent fo<br />
It 1<br />
an d such.<br />
This is the Qume Gothic 15 wheef onty<br />
with the HMt set to 13.3 characters<br />
per inch and the VMt set to 8 I ines<br />
per inch instead of the standard 6.<br />
This is the Qume letter gothic 12<br />
wheel. A11 of the Qume wheels will<br />
work perfectly on the Diablo, and in<br />
addition they have metal periods.<br />
This is essential when doing graphics.<br />
f the pr1n · t face . of f<br />
This is . an ~ xample 12 of o the VYDEC line o<br />
pres tige elite<br />
pr in . t wheels.<br />
Figure 1<br />
20 Apple Orchard
Expand your Apple into<br />
a full CP/M system.<br />
CDS announces the<br />
U-ZSO.<br />
Just plug it in and it runs thousands of<br />
additional programs, no modifications required.<br />
The U-280, imported from England,<br />
is fully compatible with all Softcard<br />
software, including Wordstar, Supercalc,<br />
dBase II, Accounting Plus, Spellguard,<br />
Microsoft Basic and much more.<br />
CDS is the leading discount supplier for<br />
this outstanding product. Why pay more for<br />
the same thing? You'll appreciate the prompt<br />
and personal service that has become our<br />
trademark. Call today for the U-280 and<br />
ask for our brochure on our other products.<br />
CDS<br />
U-Z80<br />
$195<br />
U-Z80 $195<br />
Shipping: U.S. - $3<br />
Foreign - $10<br />
=<br />
P.O. BOX 696 I AMHERST, NH 03031 I (603) 673-7375<br />
Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer<br />
Softcard is a trademark of Microsoft
Vertical and Horizontal Motion Indexes<br />
One of the most powerful features of the Diablo is your<br />
ability to set the vertical and horizontal motion indexes; this<br />
gives close and flexible control of the expansion or conden·<br />
sation of the prin(, both vertically and horizontally. This is<br />
excellent foi: gr~pn!cs, text, or whatever: Legal contracts<br />
using a 15 pitch wheel, for example, may use a horiz1::mtal<br />
motion index (HMI) of'abdut 15 per inch, while a large type<br />
face such as Orator 90% may use 8 per i1:,tch. The VMI<br />
should also be adjl..istec:I to in the sarrie manner to compensate<br />
fort~ese differ~nces. ··<br />
A po~erful feature is close 'cqntrol<br />
of vertical and horizont;4l pitc~<br />
These adjustments can easily be made from the Diablo<br />
keyboard, or under software control (or the Apple keyboard).<br />
With the Diablo keyboard, to adjust the HMI type<br />
, C:trl-, and the code for the desired value. ('Ctrl<br />
'-is called" US," and is ASCII 31 ). For example, to print at 15<br />
pitch (15 characters per inch, horizontally), enter<br />
, Ctrl ·, and Ctrl I. The Diablo will then type at<br />
that setting.<br />
The vertical adjustment is only slightly different; the aper·<br />
ative control code is called "RS,'' with an ASCII value of 30.<br />
We access it with 'Ctrl .'So, to compress the vertical to 8<br />
lines"per inch from the normal 6, type , Ctrl =,<br />
Ctrl G. Now type anything on the · Diablo keyboard and<br />
watch how small the motion is, including line feeds.<br />
To do the same thing from the Apple, we use the ASCII<br />
codes in the print routines of our pr9grams. For example, in<br />
Applesoft we can do the same thing we just did above, this<br />
way:<br />
10 PRINT CHR$(27) CHR$(31) CHR$(9)<br />
20 PRINT CHR$(27) CHR$(30) CHR$(7)<br />
The 27 is the ASCII code for , the 31 is the'"'-,<br />
the 30 is is the" =."the 9 applies to 15 HMI, and the 7 applies<br />
to 8 VMI. Make sure you ·put all three of the characters<br />
required for a command on one line or the printer will not<br />
accept the after a'carriage return.<br />
Figure 2 is a list of the CHR$ values, the keyboard command,<br />
the HMI, and the VMI. In addition, for the specialists<br />
we have some additional modes that are controlled by the<br />
ESCAPE functions: -<br />
J;:SC 0 · set right margin ESC 1 · set horizontal tab ESC 2<br />
-clear all tabs ESC 3 ·tum on graphics mode ESC 4 ·tum off<br />
graphics mode ESC 5 ·print forward ESC 6 ·print backward<br />
ESC 8 · clear individual tab ESC 9 · set left margin ESC A<br />
,print in red (with proper ribbon) ESC B · print in black<br />
(default) ESC D · negative half linefeed ESC U ·positive half<br />
line feed ESC CTRL I (n) ·absolute horizontal tab ESC CTRL<br />
J · negative line feed ESC CTRL K (n) ·.absolute vertical tab<br />
ESC CTRL (n) · $et VMI ESC CTRL (n) · set HMI.<br />
Cl!R$(n)<br />
0<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
7<br />
8<br />
9<br />
10<br />
11<br />
12<br />
13<br />
14<br />
15<br />
16<br />
17<br />
18<br />
19<br />
20<br />
21<br />
22<br />
23<br />
24<br />
25<br />
26<br />
27<br />
28<br />
29<br />
30<br />
31<br />
32<br />
33<br />
34<br />
35<br />
36<br />
37<br />
38<br />
39<br />
40<br />
41<br />
42<br />
43<br />
44<br />
45<br />
46<br />
47<br />
48<br />
49<br />
Diab1o Printer HMI/VMI Chart<br />
Keyboard<br />
Control<br />
Ctrl 'l'<br />
Ctrl 'A'<br />
Ctrl 'B'<br />
Ctrl 'C'<br />
Ctrl 'D'<br />
Ctrl 'E'<br />
Ctrl 'F'<br />
Ctrl 'G'<br />
Ctrl 'H'<br />
Ctrl 'I'<br />
Ctrl 'J'<br />
Ctrl 'K'<br />
Ctrl 'L'<br />
Ctrl 'M'<br />
Ctrl 'N'<br />
Ctrl 'O'<br />
Ctrl 'P'<br />
Ctrl 'Q'<br />
Ctrl 'R'<br />
Ctrl 'S'<br />
Ctrl 'T'<br />
Ctrl 'U'<br />
Ctrl 'V'<br />
Ctrl 'W!<br />
Ctrl 'X'<br />
Ctrl 'Y'<br />
Ctrl 'Z'<br />
ESC<br />
Ctrl<br />
Ctrl<br />
Ctrl<br />
Ctrl<br />
SPACE<br />
II<br />
$<br />
%<br />
&<br />
(<br />
)<br />
*<br />
+<br />
I<br />
0<br />
1<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I I I<br />
'=' ,_,<br />
Vertical<br />
Pitch<br />
(lines/in)<br />
48<br />
24<br />
16<br />
12<br />
9.6<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5.3<br />
4.8<br />
4.4<br />
4<br />
3.7<br />
3.4<br />
3.2<br />
3<br />
2.8<br />
2.7<br />
2.5<br />
2.4<br />
2.3<br />
2.2<br />
2. 1<br />
2<br />
1. 9<br />
1.85<br />
1. 78<br />
1. 71<br />
1. 66<br />
1. 6<br />
1. 55<br />
1.5<br />
1.45<br />
1.41<br />
1. 37<br />
1.33<br />
1.30<br />
1.26<br />
1. 23<br />
1.20<br />
1. 17<br />
1.14<br />
1. 12<br />
1:09<br />
1.06<br />
1.04<br />
1. 02<br />
1.00<br />
(Prestige Elite, 12 Pitch)<br />
Figure 2<br />
Horiz.<br />
Pitch<br />
(cols/in)<br />
120<br />
60<br />
40<br />
30<br />
24<br />
20<br />
17<br />
15<br />
13. 3<br />
12<br />
11<br />
10<br />
9.25<br />
8.5<br />
8<br />
7. 5<br />
7<br />
6.7<br />
6.3<br />
6<br />
5.75<br />
5.5<br />
5.25<br />
5<br />
4.75<br />
4.6<br />
4.44<br />
4.3<br />
4.14<br />
4<br />
3.87<br />
3.75<br />
3.64<br />
3.53<br />
3.45<br />
3.33<br />
3.24<br />
3.16<br />
3.08<br />
3.00<br />
2.93<br />
2.86<br />
2.79<br />
2.73<br />
2. 67<br />
2.61<br />
2.50<br />
2.50<br />
22 Apple Orchard
Introducing the hands-on chess<br />
_,,,,;:.;:;;;..;;;;;;;, peripheral for your Apple II .. .<br />
ECK THE<br />
TEJ<br />
If you are a chess<br />
enthusiast who has<br />
been watching your<br />
home computer play<br />
chess, The Mate from<br />
Destiny puts the game<br />
back where it belongs·<br />
in your hands.<br />
The Mate is a strategy<br />
game peripheral which<br />
comes complete with a<br />
powerful chess program<br />
on cassette or<br />
diskette (5 1/4 floppy).<br />
In fact, you can even<br />
write your own chess<br />
program.<br />
All you do is move the<br />
magnetic pieces on the<br />
sensor chessboard and<br />
the computer will sense<br />
the move and respond<br />
with his, through LED<br />
lights on each square<br />
of the board. Of course,<br />
the computer display<br />
screen will continue to<br />
show the game in progress.<br />
With The Mate, you can<br />
bypass cumbersome<br />
keyboard operations<br />
and concentrate on the<br />
game at hand. And<br />
because its chess program<br />
can be upgraded<br />
ona continuing basis,<br />
The Mate will never be<br />
obsolete. This could be<br />
the perfect electronic<br />
chess game. If you have<br />
an Apple II.<br />
®<br />
cl1 css. ct ill<br />
COMPUTER GAMES WAREHO US E<br />
13534 Preston Road<br />
Suite 175<br />
Dallas, Texas 75240<br />
214 I 248-4913<br />
Apple II is a registered trademark of<br />
Apple Computer, Inc.<br />
,,, chess, et al<br />
· price$259.95<br />
J<br />
____ J!.!~!!<br />
I Credit card orders are accepted by phone.<br />
I For mail orders'. please fill out~ mail enti re page.<br />
I Name, ______________ 1<br />
I Street Address, ___________ 1<br />
I City ______________ ,<br />
I State Zip~. _____ 1<br />
I Phone~-------------<strong>•</strong><br />
D Check or money order enclosed<br />
I D Charge my Visa<br />
I No.<br />
D Mastercard<br />
Exp. ____ _<br />
I Specify: D Cassette D Diskette<br />
I<br />
Item Sub Total $'-----<br />
I Texas Residents Add5% SalesTa~----<br />
I Shipping & Handling 10.00<br />
I<br />
Total Order Amount$. ____ _<br />
.. -------------
Special Interest Points<br />
There are a few other things about the Diab lo printer that<br />
should be mentioned. If you want to use it with another<br />
computer, as for example an Apple / / / or a Commodore<br />
8032, you must first correct one of the wires on the HPR04<br />
board inside the unit to insure proper handshaking. The<br />
Apple II will work properly with or without this modification,<br />
but those of you with two computers may want to make this<br />
change.<br />
Neil Lipson has both degrees in Electrical Engineering<br />
and an MBA from Drexel University in Philadelphia, PA<br />
He is a Registered Professional Engineer in Pennsylvania,<br />
and works as a micro-computer consultant in the Philadelphia<br />
areci. Neil was the founding vice-president of the<br />
IAC, and is the present Software Chairman. He started<br />
the Philadelphia Apple Club in 1978, and is still its Presi·<br />
dent. He developed the Lipson Light Pen for the Apple in<br />
1978, and has written software for both Powersoft and<br />
Progressive Software in areas of finance and engineering.<br />
Biii Budge, creator of<br />
"Rosier Blaster," needs It:<br />
Follow the maintenance schedule closely according to<br />
the manual to insure long term operation. The printer is<br />
known for long term operation with a minimum of breakdowns,<br />
and most of the people 1 know (including myself)<br />
have never had a repair, unless they spilled a milkshake<br />
down inside the machine. Lightly oil the "rail" periodically<br />
for smooth print operation, as the manual recommends.<br />
Always keep the unit covered when not in use, and provide<br />
good air circulation for cooling when it is in use. If you plan<br />
to buy a tractor feed, as 95% of us do, pay a little extra and<br />
get the bi-directional unit. It makes life a .lot easier both for<br />
normal use, and if you want to do something fancy like<br />
reverse printing.<br />
You could operate the unit with the cover off if you pull up<br />
the cover switch, but watch out for fingers, or hair getting in<br />
the works. Never touch the print wheel while the unit is on. It<br />
tries to put it in the proper sequence, and the slightest touch<br />
will cause it to jump. This includes the wheel-ribbon assembly.<br />
By the way, the entire wheel-ribbon assembly moves<br />
easily right or left only when the power is off, to change<br />
ribbons, wheels, etc.<br />
And last but not least, I have included two HI-RES dumps<br />
using the Graphics Printing System by Paul Mosher M. D., of<br />
myself and Donald Duck (I'll let you guess which one is me).<br />
As we have .seen, this printer can do just about anything, and<br />
the applications are limited only by your imagination.<br />
FEATURES:<br />
<strong>•</strong>All registers displayed<br />
<strong>•</strong>Compatible with oil<br />
Apple languages<br />
<strong>•</strong>Completely relocatable<br />
<strong>•</strong>Full hex and ASCII 1/ 0<br />
<strong>•</strong>Multiple options while<br />
in trace mode<br />
<strong>•</strong>Literal and transparent<br />
breakpoints<br />
<strong>•</strong>Resident assembler<br />
<strong>•</strong>Resident disassembler<br />
<strong>•</strong>User-definable screen<br />
<strong>•</strong>Rom screen dump in<br />
hex and ASCII<br />
<strong>•</strong>Comprehensive<br />
documentation<br />
<strong>•</strong>Single keystroke<br />
operation<br />
<strong>•</strong>Instructional cycle<br />
counter<br />
<strong>•</strong>Hexadecimal/<br />
decimal<br />
conversions<br />
<strong>•</strong>Con run in odd"on<br />
ram cord<br />
Who else needs BugByter?<br />
... Apple'users who want to learn<br />
machine language.<br />
... Apple programmers in need of a<br />
complete 6502 debugging tool.<br />
... Educators who need to demonstrate<br />
the operation of the Apple's central<br />
processor.<br />
... Software professionals who need to<br />
display and control all 6502 registers.<br />
BugByter<br />
is<br />
NOW AVAILABLE AT $39.95<br />
on diskette for Apple II or Apple II +<br />
from<br />
COMPUTER-ADVANCED IDEAS, INC.<br />
1442A W:Jlnut Street. Suite 341<br />
Berkeley, CA 94709<br />
( 415) 526-9100<br />
<strong>•</strong>Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer. Inc.<br />
------------ - -- - - -<br />
---- - - - ----- -- - - -<br />
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-- - -<br />
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---------<br />
-<br />
24 Apple Orchard
appla ®compatible!<br />
appla compatible!<br />
SELECT-A-PORT<br />
Provides switch selectable sockets to extend the flexibility of the APPLE's®game port.<br />
<strong>•</strong> Plugs directly into the game socket<br />
<strong>•</strong> Attractive case matches the color and texture of the Apple®<br />
<strong>•</strong> May hang conveniently on either side of the Apple® or set<br />
flat on non-skid rubber feet<br />
<strong>•</strong> 3 switch selectable sockets isolated by diodes to insure<br />
against device to device interference<br />
<strong>•</strong> 1 switch selectable socket which automatically modifies the<br />
Joystick or paddles to operate as the second unit in dual<br />
Joystick games or four game paddle games<br />
<strong>•</strong> Socket with no isolation for those special highly sensitive<br />
devices<br />
<strong>•</strong> Large pushbuttons<br />
<strong>•</strong> Highest industrial quality components throughout<br />
<strong>•</strong> Fits conveniently in the hand<br />
<strong>•</strong> Extra long 60 inch cords<br />
<strong>•</strong> External trim adjustments to perfectly match the unit<br />
to your application and computer<br />
<strong>•</strong> Self-centering on both axes (may be disabled)<br />
<strong>•</strong> Two large pushbuttons<br />
<strong>•</strong> Highest industrial quality components throughout<br />
<strong>•</strong> Completely linear pure resistive circuit<br />
GAME CONTROLLERS<br />
$5995<br />
JOYSTICK<br />
Available at your dealer or order direct<br />
Allow 2 weeks for shipment.<br />
All mail orders add $2.00 for postage and insurance.<br />
Dealer inquiries invited.<br />
Texas Residents add 5% tax.<br />
Apple is a Registered TM of Apple Computers, Inc.
FILE CABINET STUFFER<br />
AND<br />
FILE CABINET FILE INITIALIZER<br />
by Mike Kramer<br />
Houston Area Apple Users' Group<br />
It is generally agreed that data<br />
storage and retrieval is one of the<br />
most popular uses of the personal<br />
computer. The validity of this statement<br />
is evidenced by the abundance<br />
of commercially-available software<br />
such as DB Master, Data Factory,<br />
Information Master, and PFS. These<br />
software packages offer a lot of<br />
power and capability, but they often<br />
require use of two disk drives for efficient<br />
use and are possibly too expensive<br />
for personal use. With a few exceptions,<br />
the files can only be accessed<br />
by the programs that created<br />
them and cannot be used by user<br />
application programs.<br />
Most Apple users are probably<br />
familiar with one of the oldest data<br />
base systems available for the Apple<br />
II ... APPLE FILE CABINET. Although<br />
somewhat limited in capability<br />
when compared to the commercial<br />
data base programs, FILE<br />
CABINET provides a means of interactively<br />
defining data files, entering<br />
data, sorting, retrieving records containing<br />
specific data, deleting<br />
records, and printing reports. One of<br />
the best features of FILE CABINET is<br />
its price. It's available free of cost<br />
from your friendly Apple dealer as<br />
part of Volume 3 of the Apple Contributed<br />
Library. It's probably available<br />
from most users' group libraries<br />
(there are at least seven versions in<br />
the H.A.A.U.G. library, each a little<br />
better than the previous one). Perhaps<br />
the best thing about FILE<br />
CABINET is that the structure of the<br />
data files created by FILE CABINET<br />
is known and the files can be easily<br />
used by application programs. If<br />
FILE CABINET or the programs<br />
described below are used for setting<br />
up and maintaining files, those programs<br />
need not be burdened by involved<br />
data entry code.<br />
Although FILE CABINET provides<br />
many good capabilities, it is<br />
lacking in ease of use when the same<br />
data item or items are to be entered<br />
in consecutive records. This became<br />
apparent when FILE CABINET was<br />
first used to set up grade files for use<br />
with the grade reporting package I<br />
wrote for my Biology Teacher wife. It<br />
was quickly discovered that entry of<br />
a grade in each student's record required<br />
retrieval of his record by<br />
record number and entry of his test<br />
or daily work grade. With 150 students,<br />
this promised to become a<br />
real chore. Since I anticipated having<br />
to enter the grades myself, FILE<br />
CABINET STUFFER was developed<br />
to provide a means to enter one or<br />
more data items common to consecutive<br />
records in FILE CABINET files<br />
without having to call out those<br />
records.<br />
The second problem area was discovered<br />
when setting up grade files<br />
(you guessed it . . . for the same<br />
Biology Teacher wife). It seems that<br />
FILE CABINET requires that something<br />
be entered into every item of<br />
every record in a file. Given the fact<br />
that three files containing 20 items<br />
per record were to be created each<br />
six weeks for each of five classes<br />
averaging 30 students, I figured<br />
quickly that I did not have the time to<br />
enter 9000 (RETURNS) every time<br />
new files were set up. This time the<br />
answer was FILE CABINET FILE IN<br />
ITIALIZER, a program designed to<br />
create FILE CABINET files and preinitialize<br />
each data item with specified<br />
character, such as a blank or<br />
asterisk.<br />
26 Apple Orchard
FILE CABINET STOFFER<br />
When FILE CABINET STUFFER<br />
is run it first asks the user to insert the<br />
disk containing FILE CABINET<br />
FILES and press (RETURN). If they<br />
are not founa, he is asked to insert<br />
the correct disk and try again. When<br />
FILE CABINET files are found, the<br />
BASENAMEFILE is read and a list of<br />
data bases is displayed on the screen.<br />
The user selects the desired data<br />
base and the HEADERFILE, containing<br />
the data item names, and the<br />
INDEXFILE containing the actual<br />
data are read into memory. A list of<br />
data header names is then displayed<br />
and the user is .asked to specify<br />
whether he wants to be prompted by<br />
record number or by the contents of<br />
a particular header, such as<br />
"NAME". He is then asked to indicate<br />
how many items common to each<br />
record are to be displayed and which<br />
ones they are. If an "A' or "ALL" is<br />
entered in response to the "how<br />
many" question, it is not necessary<br />
to indicate which items. As soon as<br />
the options have been entered, the<br />
prompt item for the first specified<br />
record is displayed along with the<br />
current value of the first specified<br />
data item in that record. The user can<br />
then enter a new value, press<br />
(RETURN) if no change is to be<br />
made, or press (CTRL E) to erase<br />
the current value. If an ( * ) is entered<br />
or the last record has been processed,<br />
the user can optionally update<br />
the disk files, make more<br />
changes to the same data base, access<br />
a different data base, or end.<br />
FILE CABINET FILE INITIALIZER<br />
When FILE CABINET FILE INI<br />
TIALIZER is run, it asks for the new<br />
file name, the. number of records,<br />
and the character to be entered into<br />
every item of ever}' record in the file.<br />
It also asks the user to enter the data<br />
headers(or data types) to be included<br />
in the file. A check is made to see if<br />
there are FILE CABINET files on the<br />
disk. If the selected file name already<br />
exists, an opportunity is given to<br />
change the name before the old file<br />
of the same name is overwritten.<br />
When the necessary information has<br />
been entered, FILE CABINET FILE<br />
INITIALIZER creates FILE CABINET<br />
files if they do not exist or adds to existing<br />
ones if they do. The monitor is<br />
turned on to permit observation of<br />
the creation process and then turned<br />
off when execution is terminated.<br />
The user can then use FILE CABI<br />
NET or FILE CABINET STUFFER to<br />
enter data whenever he wants. It is<br />
advisable to try FILE CABINET FILE<br />
INITIALIZER on a duplicate disk until<br />
proper operation is verified.<br />
ERROR HANDLING<br />
Proper op~ration of both FILE<br />
CABINET STUFFER and FILE CABI<br />
NET FILE INITIALIZER depends on<br />
use of the ONERR command provided<br />
in Applesoft Basic. FILE CABI<br />
NET in its various versions uses<br />
ONERR to determine whether files<br />
exist. It fails, however, to continue<br />
handling errors through the rest of its<br />
execution. This was discovered when<br />
a file had not actually been updated<br />
after a lengthy session because the<br />
disk was write-protected!<br />
FILE CABINET STUFFER and<br />
FILE CABINET FILE INITIALIZER<br />
both contain error handling routines<br />
based on a technique presented in<br />
the September 1980 issue of CALL<br />
A.P .P.L.E. This technique permits<br />
selective handling of certain errors<br />
and optional recovery or termination<br />
with full access to system error<br />
messages contained in the monitor<br />
and in DOS. Try opening the door to<br />
the disk drive just before telling FILE<br />
CABINET STUFFER to update the<br />
disk, or write protect the disk before<br />
attempting to update it. With a little<br />
study you should be able to incorporate<br />
the technique in your programs.<br />
Maybe someone will add it to<br />
FILE CABINET!!<br />
FILE CABINET FILE STRUCTURE<br />
For those of you interested in using<br />
FILE CABINET files in your programs,<br />
the file · structures are summarized<br />
below. FILE CABINET uses<br />
sequential data files, which results in<br />
limited data base capacities, since<br />
the whole file must be held in main<br />
memory. Having the whole file in<br />
memory does result in rapid retrieval<br />
of information. The number of data<br />
bases contained and their names are<br />
stored in. the BASENAMEFILE as<br />
shown in Figure 1. The BASENAME<br />
FILE is normally read into memory<br />
and either displayed in a menu as<br />
done in FILE CABINET STUFFER or<br />
searched by an application program<br />
for a specific file. If the desired basename<br />
is found, the string "HEADER<br />
FILE" is appended to the data base<br />
name to obtain the name of the file<br />
containing the headers, or data item<br />
names. The header file is read in to<br />
determine how many headers there<br />
are in each record and the header<br />
names. The structure of the header<br />
file is detailed in Figure 2. The string<br />
"INDEXFILE" is then appended to<br />
the data base name to obtain the<br />
name of the index or data file. The<br />
first thing read from the index file is<br />
the number of "records". The index<br />
file is usually read into memory using<br />
a pair of nested loops, where the<br />
range of the outer loop is equal to the<br />
number of headers and the range of<br />
the inner loop is equal to the number<br />
of records in the data base. Figure 3<br />
shows the index file structure. Examples<br />
of how to read these files can<br />
be found in both FILE CABINET<br />
STUFFER and FILE CABINET FILE<br />
INITIALIZER.<br />
RECORDO<br />
RECORD I<br />
RECORD 2<br />
RECORDN<br />
NO. OF DATA BASES<br />
ON FILE<br />
NAME OF FIRST<br />
DATABASE<br />
NAME OF SECOND<br />
DATABASE<br />
NAME OF LAST<br />
DATA BASE<br />
Figure 1.<br />
BASENAMEFILE Format<br />
RECORDO<br />
RECORD I<br />
RECORD2<br />
RECORD N<br />
NO. OF HEADERS IN<br />
DATA STRUCTURE<br />
FIRST HEADER<br />
SECOND HEADER<br />
LAST HEADER<br />
Figure 2.<br />
HEADERFILE Format<br />
Although an explanation of FILE<br />
CABINET is beyond the scope of this<br />
article, the file structures detailed<br />
above should be useful to those who<br />
wish to understand FILE CABINET<br />
STUFFER, FILE CABINET FILE INI<br />
TIALIZER, and FILE CABINET itself.<br />
A good tutorial of the original version<br />
of FILE CABINET can be found<br />
in the Apirl 1980 issue of Interface<br />
Age in the article "Data Base<br />
Management for the Apple II" by Phil<br />
Roybal of Apple Computer. Instructions<br />
for using FILE CABINET can be<br />
found in the Apple Software Bank<br />
Contributed Programs Volume 3.<br />
28 Apple Orchard
RECORDO<br />
RECORD I<br />
RECORD2<br />
RECORDM<br />
RECORDM+I<br />
RECORDM+2<br />
RECORDN<br />
NO. OF RECORDS IN<br />
THIS DATA BASE<br />
FIRST ENTRY OF<br />
FIRST RECORD<br />
SECOND ENTRY OF<br />
FIRST RECORD<br />
LAST ENTRY OF<br />
FIRST RECORD<br />
FIRST ENTRY OF<br />
SECOND RECORD<br />
SECOND ENTRY OF<br />
SECOND RECORD<br />
LAST ENTRY OF<br />
LAST RECORD<br />
180<br />
190<br />
200<br />
210<br />
220<br />
230<br />
240<br />
250<br />
GOSUB 870<br />
HOME : CLEAR<br />
VTAB 12: PRINT "INSERT FILE<br />
CABINET DISK - PRESS A KEY";<br />
: GET A$: PRINT : HOME<br />
0$ = CHR$ (13> + CHR$ :0<br />
P$ = 0$ + "OPEN":WR$ = D$ +<br />
"WRITE":RD$ = 0$ + "READ":CL<br />
$ = 0$ + "CLOSE":DL$ = D$ +<br />
"DELETE": REM CHR$ IN D<br />
$ PERMITS MULTIPLE DISK COMM<br />
ANDS IN A PRINT STATEMENT<br />
BN$ = "BASENAMEFILE":HD$ = II<br />
HEADERFILE":IX$ = " INDEXFIL<br />
E"<br />
DIM HD$(20>,BN$(40}<br />
ONERR GOTO 810<br />
REM<br />
READ BASENAME FILE<br />
Figure 3.<br />
INDEXFILE Format<br />
260<br />
270<br />
280<br />
290<br />
300<br />
310<br />
320 REM<br />
PRINT OP$BN$RD$BN$<br />
INPUT NB$:NB = VAL : NEXT N<br />
PRINT CL$<br />
ONERR GOTO 830<br />
PRINT : INPUT "NAME OF NEW D<br />
ATA BASE? ":;DB$: IF LEN "FILE CABINET F<br />
ILE INITIALIZER"<br />
PRINT<br />
PRINT TAB< 15> "WRITTEN BY"<br />
PRINT<br />
PRINT TAB< 14>"MIKE KRAMER"<br />
PRINT<br />
PRINT TAB< 6>"HOUSTON AREA<br />
APPLE USERS GROUP"<br />
PRINT<br />
PRINT TAB ( 15> "MARCH 1982"<br />
PRINT<br />
PRINT "*********************<br />
*******************"<strong>•</strong><br />
VTAB 20: HTAB 13: PRiNT "INS<br />
TRUCTIONS? ";: GET A$: PRINT<br />
: IF A$ < > II y.. AND A$ < ><br />
"N" THEN 160<br />
IF A$ = "Y" GOTO 970<br />
330<br />
340<br />
350<br />
360<br />
370<br />
380<br />
390<br />
400<br />
410<br />
420<br />
430<br />
IF ASC ( LEFT$ > < 6<br />
5 OR ASC < LEFT$ <br />
91 THEN PRINT : PRINT "NAME<br />
MUST START WITH A LETTER.":<br />
GOTO 310<br />
IF LEN 19 THEN PRINT<br />
: PRINT "NAME MUST HAVE LESS<br />
THAN 20 CHARACTERS": GOTO 3<br />
10<br />
FOR J = 1 TO NB<br />
IF DB$ = BN$(J) GOTO 390<br />
NEXT J<br />
NB= NB+ 1:NB$ =<br />
STR$ :<br />
BN$(NB> = DB$: GOTO 440<br />
PRINT : PRINT DB$:;" ALREADY<br />
EXISTS.": PRINT:· INPUT "REP<br />
LACE EXISTING FILE? ";A$:A$ =<br />
LEFT$ (A$. 1 ) : IF A$ < > II y<br />
II AND A$ "N" GOTO 390<br />
IF A$ = "N" GOTO 310<br />
PRINT OP$DB$HD$DL$DB$HD$<br />
PRINT OP$DB$IX$DL$DB$IX$<br />
REM .<br />
INPUT FILE INFO<br />
440 PRINT : INPUT "NUMBER OF REC<br />
ORDS? ";NR$:NR = VAL
490 PRINT D$"MONCIO"<br />
500 REM<br />
CREATE HEADER FILE<br />
510 PRINT OP$DB$HD$DL$DB$HD$<br />
520 PRINT OP$DB$HD$WR$DB$HD$<br />
530 PRINT NH<br />
540 FOR N = 1 TO NH<br />
550 PRINT HD$<br />
560 NEXT N<br />
570 PRINT CL$<br />
580 REM<br />
CREATE DATA FILE<br />
590 PRINT OP$DB$IX$DL$DB$IX$<br />
600 PRINT OP$DB$IX$WRSDB$IX$<br />
610 PRINT NR.<br />
620 FOR M = 1 TO NR<br />
630 FOR N = 1 TO NH<br />
640 PRINT ST$<br />
650 NEXT N<br />
660 NEXT M<br />
670 REM<br />
WRITE BASENAME FILE<br />
680 PRINT CL$<br />
690 PRINT OP$BN$WR$BN$<br />
700 PRINT NB<br />
710 FOR N = 1 TO NB<br />
720 PRINT BN$<br />
730 NEXT N<br />
740 PRINT CL$<br />
750 PRINT : INPUT "INITIALIZE MO<br />
RE FILES? "iA$:A$ = LEFT$ <<br />
A$., 1 ) : IF A~ < > "Y" AND A$<br />
"N" GOTO 750<br />
760 IF A$ = "N" THEN HOME : GOTO<br />
780<br />
770 GOTO 190<br />
780 PRINT D$"NOMONCIO"<br />
790 HOME : END<br />
800 REM<br />
ERROR HANDLING<br />
810 CALL 1013:I = PEEK 3 AND I < 10 THEN PRINT<br />
: PRINT "CORRECT ERROR., THEN<br />
PRESS A KEY:";: GET At: PRINT<br />
: RESUME .<br />
850 PRINT "FATAL ERROR IN LINE "<br />
; PEEK + 256 * PEEK <<br />
219): VTAB 23: END<br />
860 REM<br />
AS ONERR CORRECTION<br />
870<br />
880<br />
890<br />
900<br />
910<br />
FOR I = 1013 TO 1022: READ P<br />
P: POKE I,PP: NEXT I<br />
I = 0<br />
RETURN<br />
gATA~<br />
,_,4 ' 7 L. ' 15 .... ' / L. ' 9 0<br />
REM<br />
1Q4~A68,104,166,223,1<br />
ERROR MSG PRINTING<br />
920 MSG$= CHR$ :I = PEEK : IF I = 0 OR I > 15 THEN<br />
J = 53856 + I + *<br />
- 1: GOTO 940<br />
930 J = 43377 + PEEK <br />
940 K = PEEK :MSG$ =MSG$+ CHR$<br />
: IF K < 192 THEN J = J +<br />
1: GOTO 940<br />
950 PRINT MSG$: PRINT : RETURN<br />
960 REM<br />
INSTRUCTIONS<br />
970<br />
980<br />
990<br />
1000<br />
1010<br />
1020<br />
1030<br />
1040<br />
1050<br />
1060<br />
1070<br />
1080<br />
1090<br />
1100<br />
1110<br />
1120<br />
1130<br />
1140<br />
1150<br />
1160<br />
1170<br />
1180<br />
1190<br />
1200<br />
1210<br />
HOME : PRINT<br />
PRINT<br />
11<br />
>>> FILE CABINET<br />
INITIALIZER
Win $500!<br />
The First National Computer Owner Survey<br />
50 Second Prizes of $10 each!<br />
In order to keep developing and bringing you very<br />
special hardware, software and publications, we've<br />
been commissioned to find out whaf you, fhe customer,<br />
wants and needs.<br />
In addition to contributing to fhe computer owners'<br />
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for filling out this survey.<br />
JUST TAKE A FEW MINUTES, ANSWER EVERY APPLICABLE<br />
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Enlrants mull be computer owners or users and answer every applicable quesllon.<br />
A random drawing, ellglblllly approval and llSI of winners will beverllled by a Notary<br />
Public. Winners will be nolllled by Dec. 31, 1982. Grand Prize winner gives IRV<br />
Brechner Enterprises lhe righl 10 use name and photo in fulure surveys and<br />
advertising. No purchase necessary. Limll one enlry per person. Entries musl be<br />
postmarked no later than Ocl. 31, 1982 and reach us by Nov. 15, 1982. Prizes<br />
Include one cash award of $500, and 50 cash prizes of $1 O each. All survey entries<br />
become property ol IRV Brechner Enterprises; none will be returned. All prizes will be<br />
awarded by Nov. 31 , 1982. All Federal, S1a1e and Local laxes are responslblllly of the<br />
winner. This conies! void where prohibited by law. For o prize winner llsl, send a<br />
sell-addressed s1a111ped envelope 10 IRV Brechner Enterprises, Box 264WOB, Wesl<br />
Orange, N.J. 07052.<br />
~---------------------------------,<br />
NAME ______ _ ....,...._ __________ ADDRESS _______--,-___ _ ___ ___<br />
CITY/STATE/ZIP ------ ---------- AGE __ sEx.____:__ Circle: SINGLE MARRIED # CHILDREN --<br />
4 5 8 7 9<br />
COMPUTERS(S) YOU OWN OR USE (Circle) APPLE ATARI TRS-80 IBM PC<br />
10 11 12 13<br />
HEWLETT-PACKARD HEATH ZENITH OSBORNE<br />
14 15 18 17<br />
XEROX DEC TEXAS INST. NORTH STAR COMMODORE VECTOR CROMEMCO OTHER_ OWNED HOW LONG_<br />
18 19 20 ~ ~ "<br />
24 25 . 28<br />
# DISK DRIVES __ OWN HARD DISK? _ _ OWN MODEM? __ PRINTER BRAND _ _ MONITOR BRAND _ _<br />
27 28 29 30 31<br />
APPROX. # DISKETTES OWNED BRAND PREFERENCE OPERATING SYSTEM(S)<br />
32 33 34<br />
AMOUNT OF MEMORY (Circle) 8K 16K 24K 32K 48K 64K 128K MORE_# DISKETTES PURCHASED/YEAR__·<br />
35 38 37 38 39 40 41 42 43<br />
LANGUAGES YOU PROGRAM WITH OR USE (Circle) BASIC FORTRAN COBOL MACHINE ASSEMBLER MONITORS<br />
44 45 48 47 48 49<br />
FORTH<br />
50<br />
ALGOL<br />
51<br />
PASCAL<br />
52<br />
c<br />
53<br />
ADA<br />
54<br />
APL<br />
55<br />
LISP<br />
58<br />
APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF SOFTWARE PROGRAMS YOU OWN PER CATEGORY:<br />
CAI<br />
57<br />
DO YOU WRITE YOUR OWN SOFTWARE (Circle)<br />
EDUCATION __ BUSINESS __ GAMES _ _ SCIENTIFIC _ _<br />
80 81 82 83<br />
HOBBY _ _ HOME USE __ OTHER__<br />
64 85 88<br />
YOUR PROFESSION _ _ _____________ PRIMARY USE FOR YOUR COMPUTE~---------<br />
87 88<br />
APPROX ANNUAL INCOME (Opitonal) _ _ MOST RECENT EDUCATION LEVEL (Circle)<br />
89<br />
COLLEGE GRADUATE SOME GRADUATE SCHOOL MASTER'S DEGREE OTHER__<br />
72 73 74 75<br />
WHICH PUBLICATIONS DO YOU SUBSCRIBE TO OR READ REGULARLY (Circle all that apply)<br />
HIGH SCHOOL<br />
70<br />
APPLE ORCHARD<br />
78<br />
SOME COLLEGE<br />
71<br />
COMPUTE COMPUTERWORLD CREATIVE COMPUTING DESKTOP COMPUTING INTERFACE AGE INFOWORLD ·<br />
79 80 81 82 83 84<br />
MICROCOMPUTING MICRO MICROSYSTEMS NIBBLE PEELINGS II POPULAR COMPUTING PERSONAL COMPUTING<br />
BYTE<br />
77<br />
YES<br />
58<br />
NO<br />
59<br />
CALL-APPLE<br />
78<br />
85 88 87 88 89 90<br />
91<br />
I<br />
SOFTSIDE OTHERS. _____<br />
92 93 94 95 98<br />
97 I<br />
APPROX # COMPUTER BOOKS OWNED ___<br />
98<br />
I<br />
I<br />
WHAT NEW PRODUCTS, IDEAS, HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, PUBLICATIONS, ETC. DO YOU WISH TO SEE COME ABOUT?<br />
Please be specific and use additional paper ii necessary. Staple to survey when completed.<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
_________________________________<br />
Signature<br />
._ I Mail all completed surveys by Oct. 31, 1982 to:<br />
... 4 I<br />
1 NATIONAL COMPUTER OWNERS' SURVEY <strong>•</strong> BOX 264WOB ·WEST ORANGE, N.J. 07052 <strong>•</strong> 1<br />
*Apple, Atari, TRS-80, IBM PC, Hewlett-Packard, Heath, Zenith, Osborne, Xerox DEC, Texos Inst., North Star, Commodore, Vector & Cromemco are all registered trademarks.
20 0$ = CHR$ + CHR$ (4):0P<br />
$ = 0$ + "OPEN":CL$ = 0$ + II<br />
CLOSE":RD$ = 0$ + "REAO":WR$<br />
= D$ + "WRITE"<br />
30 HD$= II HEAOERFILE":IX$ = .. IN<br />
DEXFILE":BN$ = "BASENAMEFILE<br />
..<br />
40 MEM = FRE : IF MEM < 0 THEN<br />
MEM = 65536 + MEM<br />
50 RC = INT <br />
60 DIM DB$(30>,IP$,H$C21)<br />
IT<br />
70 GOSUB 1110<br />
80 GOSUB 1480<br />
90 VTAB 21: PRINT TAB< 13)"INST<br />
RUCTIONS? ";: GET A$: PRINT<br />
: IF A$ = "Y" THEN GOSUB 12<br />
10<br />
100 IF A$ < > "N" THEN 90<br />
110 VTAB 21: CALL - 958: PRINT<br />
"INSERT FILE DISK AND PRESS<br />
ANY KEY:"·<br />
120 GET A$: PRINT<br />
130 REM<br />
READ BASENAME FILE<br />
140 ON ERR GOTO 1060<br />
150 PRINT OP$BN$RD$BN$<br />
160 INPUT ND$:ND = VAL <br />
170 FOR N = 1 TO ND<br />
180 INPUT DB$<br />
190 NEXT N<br />
200 PRINT CL$<br />
210 ONE RR GOTO 1080<br />
220 REM<br />
LIST DATA BASES<br />
230 Tl$ = "FILE CABINET DATA CHAN<br />
GE"<br />
240 HOME : PRINT : PRINT TAB< 2<br />
0 - LEN TI$: PRINT<br />
250 PRINT "SELECT A DATABASE:"<br />
260 FOR N = 1 TO ND<br />
270 PRINT TAB< 5J" ";DB$<br />
<br />
280 NEXT N<br />
290 REM<br />
PICK DATA BASE<br />
300 PRINT : PRINT : INPUT "ENTER<br />
NUMBER OR "/' TO END: ";NU$<br />
:NU = VAL <br />
NEXT N<br />
POKE 34,NH + 2<br />
INPUT "LIST BY ITEM NUMBER:<br />
";IT$:IT = VAL : PRINT<br />
PRINT '' < RET > FOR NO CHANGE. <<br />
CTRL A>TO ABORT TO ERASE OLD ENTRY": POKE<br />
34.5<br />
FOR M = 1 TO NR<br />
PRINT : PRINT "REC #";M<br />
IF IT = 0 THEN 730 -<br />
PRINT : PRINT "ITEM #";IT;"<br />
= ";IP$<br />
FOR.K = 1·To NI<br />
PRINT H$
--<br />
NOW YOUR<br />
COMPUTER CAI MAKE<br />
PERSONAL ·TO·PERSOIAL<br />
PHONE CALLS.<br />
A Hayes modem<br />
makes it possible.<br />
Your personal computer could be doing<br />
a lot more for you . It could be communicating<br />
over ordinary telephone lines with<br />
any location in North America . .. any time<br />
of the day or night. With the help of a Hayes<br />
modem (Smartmodem;M Micromodem II<br />
and Micromodem 100®), you can send<br />
and receive reports from your home or<br />
office, and exchange messages or programs<br />
with personal computer owners<br />
hundreds of miles away. You can even<br />
get the stock reports, today's Washington<br />
Post, airline schedules and movie reviews<br />
by subscribing to one of several information<br />
utilities. The possibilities seem endless.<br />
Modems are clearly the way of the<br />
future. And Hayes leads the way-today!<br />
Smartmodem is a smart buy.<br />
When it comes to features and performance,<br />
Smartmodem tops the<br />
300-baud modem market. With the<br />
Smartmodem, your IBM Personal<br />
Computer, TRS-80 Model 11;M<br />
XEROX 820 - or any computer<br />
with RS-232C 1/0 -can communicate smart modem.And it stacks neatly atop other<br />
with all other computers using Bell 103- Hayes peripherals, like the Hayes Stack<br />
type modems. Smartmodem can answer Chronograph RS-232C calendar/clock.<br />
calls, dial numbers, receive and transmit Micromodem II ... exclusively for<br />
data, and disconnect ... all automatically. Apple II ® owners. The same quality and<br />
Many cheaper modems connect<br />
(!)<br />
to automatic features associated with Hayes<br />
a telephone receiver, which can cause Smartmodem are built right in the Hayes<br />
distortions and transmission losses. direct-connect Micromodem II. It's easy<br />
Smartmodem plugs right into<br />
to see why more Apple II owners choose<br />
your telephone jack . .. no phone H Hayes Micromodem<br />
needed! And thanks to an internal<br />
speaker, you can actually listen<br />
a~es II than any other<br />
modem in the world.<br />
to your connection being made. Don't settle for<br />
That way you'll know immediately if the line anything less than Hayes ... Smartmodem,<br />
is busy or if you reached a wrong number. Micromodem 11 and Micromodem 100 for<br />
No wonder Smartmodem is, well, a<br />
S-100 bus computers. Available at computer<br />
stores nationwide.<br />
Put your personal<br />
computer on the line!<br />
----------<br />
I'm ready to talk! Please send info on :<br />
O Smartmodem O Micromodem 100<br />
O Micromodem II O Chronograph<br />
Name<br />
Address<br />
Smartmodem , Chronograph, Micromodem II and Micromodem 100 are trademarks of Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc. © 1982 Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc. TRS-80 Model II is a trade·<br />
mark of Radio Shack. XEROX" ahd 820 are trademarks of XEROX CORPORATION . Apple II is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
800 NEXT K<br />
810 NEXT M<br />
820 PRINT : INPUT "UPDATE DISK F<br />
ILE? ";YN$: POKE 34.0<br />
830 IF LE~T$ CYN$.1) =· "Y" THEN<br />
860 .<br />
840 IF LEFT$ CYN$,1) = "N" THEN<br />
970<br />
850 GOTO 820<br />
860 POKE 34.0<br />
870 REM .<br />
UPDATE FILES<br />
880<br />
890<br />
900<br />
910<br />
920<br />
930<br />
940<br />
950<br />
960<br />
970<br />
980<br />
990<br />
1000<br />
1010<br />
1020<br />
1030<br />
1040<br />
1050<br />
PRINT OP$DB$CNU>IX$<br />
PRINT RD$DB$CNU>IX$<br />
PRINT NR$<br />
FOR M = 1 TO NR<br />
FOR N = . 1 TO NH<br />
PRINT IP$CM.N><br />
NEXT N .<br />
NEXT M<br />
PRINT CL$<br />
PRINT : INPUT "MORE CHANGES?<br />
";A$: A$ = LEFT$ CA$. 1><br />
IF. LEFT$ CA$,.1) = "N" THEN<br />
1040 .<br />
IF A$ < > "Y" THEN 970<br />
PRINT : INPUT "USE SAME FIL<br />
ES? II; A$: A$ = LEFT$ (A$. 1)<br />
IF A$ = "N" THEN 230 .<br />
IF A$ = "Y" THEN 530<br />
GOTO 1000<br />
POKE 34,0: HOME : END<br />
REM<br />
ERROR HANDLING<br />
1060 CALL i013:I = PEEK : IF<br />
I = 5 OR I = 6 THEN VTAB 18<br />
: PRINT CHR$ "FILE CABIN<br />
ET FILES NOT ON THIS DISKETT<br />
E.": GOTO 110<br />
1070 GOTO 1090<br />
1080 CALL 1013<br />
1090 HOME : VTAB 12: GOSUB 1150:<br />
IF I > 3 AND I < 10 THEN PRINT<br />
TAB < 3 > ,; CORRECT ERROR. THEN<br />
PRESS A KEY.";: GET A$: PRINT<br />
: RESUME .<br />
1100 PRINT TAB< ?>"FATAL ERROR<br />
IN LINE "; PEEK + 256 t<br />
PEEK : VTAB 23: END<br />
1110 FOR I = 1013 TO 1022: READ<br />
PP: POKE I.PP: NEXT I<br />
1120 I = 0 .<br />
1130 RETURN<br />
1140 DATA 104.168.104.166.223,1<br />
54. 72. 152. 72. 96 . .<br />
1150 MSG$: C~R$. CO>:I = PEEK <<br />
222>:: IF I = 0 OR I > 15 THEN<br />
J = 53856 + I + t<br />
- 1: GOTO 1170<br />
1160 J = 43377 + PEEK : IF K < 192 THEN J<br />
= J + 1: GOTO 1170<br />
1180 PRINT TAB< 20 - LEN I 2>"** ";<br />
MSG$;" **": PRINT : RETURN .<br />
1190 REM.ERROR MESSAGE PRINTING<br />
>> FILE CABINE<br />
T STUFFER THEN HOME<br />
: END<br />
GOTO 1430<br />
REM<br />
TITLE BLOCK<br />
1480<br />
1490<br />
1500<br />
1510<br />
HOME : VTAB 6: PRINT "*****<br />
****************************<br />
******": PRINT<br />
PRINT TAB< 10>"FILE CABINE<br />
T STUFFER"<br />
PRINT<br />
PRINT TAB< 15) "WRITTEN BY"<br />
1520<br />
1530<br />
PRINT<br />
PRINT TAB< 14>"MIKE KRAMER<br />
II<br />
1540 PRINT<br />
1550 PFHNT TAB C 6) "HOUSTON AREA<br />
APPLE USERS GROUP"<br />
1560 PRINT<br />
1570 PRINT TAB< 15)"MARCH 1982"<br />
: PRINT<br />
1580 PRINT "********************<br />
*******************"<br />
1590 RETURN<br />
34 Apple Orchard
THE WORLD'S LARGEST COMPUTER MAIL ORDER FIRM<br />
Com~~~!J.x1l.!~.b.!!t<strong>•</strong>Ad#<br />
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Direct Substitute for Apple Drives<br />
I Micro-Sci A2 is a dir_ect substitute for Apple 11<br />
drives. It will run all Apple II software. Save<br />
$350 on a duat A40 disk system.<br />
Micro-Sci 5 n Drives for Apple 11 SAVE<br />
A2Drive, 5 " ,143K $395 18%<br />
Controller with DOS for A2 $ 95 15%<br />
A70 Drive, 5", 286K $489 20%<br />
A40 Drive. 5", 160K $369 18%<br />
Controller Card for A70 or A40 $ 79 21%<br />
Sorrento Valley<br />
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MONITORS:<br />
NEC<br />
SANYO:<br />
12 " Color<br />
12" Green<br />
9"B&W<br />
9" Green<br />
12"B&W<br />
12" Green<br />
13" Color<br />
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ZENITH<br />
DISKETTES, 5" , box of 10:<br />
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80 COLUMN VIDEO CARDS:<br />
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ALS: Smarterm.<br />
MISCELLANEOUS:<br />
CCS: Serial Interface 7710A<br />
Parallel Interface 7720A<br />
Other CCS Cards In Stock,<br />
Hayes: M icromodem 11<br />
Smartmodem<br />
fSC Videostick Paddle<br />
Keyboard Company:<br />
Joystick II<br />
Game Paddle<br />
Numeric Keypad<br />
M&R: RF Modulator<br />
-¥ M icroso~t~ i~oF :;,~tcard<br />
16K RAM Card<br />
Mountain:<br />
CPS Multifunction Card<br />
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Novation Applecat Modem<br />
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APPLESOFT PROGRAM FORMATTING LISTER<br />
by David H. Bartley<br />
If I = 1 A<br />
PRlNT<br />
11 IF A' T$ GOSIJB 4075 I<br />
One of the handiest utilities for any language system is a<br />
formatting lister, or "pretty-print" routine. Having been<br />
spoiled by a good commercial Pascal pretty-printer on the<br />
job, I decided that I had to write one for use with Applesoft<br />
on the Apple at home. The built-in LIST command gives me<br />
the information I need, but it sure doesn't go out of its way to<br />
make it easy to read!<br />
Most pretty-printers I'm familiar with are designed for<br />
printer output. I wanted mine to create nice hard-copy listings,<br />
but I also wanted to make it easier to display parts of a<br />
program in the Apple's screen in a more readable form. The<br />
Assembly language program in Listing 1 is the result of my<br />
efforts to do just that.<br />
Program Features<br />
My pretty-print routine for Applesoft programs was<br />
deveby loped adding the features listed below to the algorithm<br />
used by BASIC. (The original code may be found by<br />
disassembling from $D6A5 to $D765 in the ROM.)<br />
1. The pretty-printer is easily initialized by typing "BRUN<br />
A/5 LISTER" Formatted listings are then generated by<br />
typing any of the LIST commands, preceded by an ampersand<br />
( & ). The standard arguments (one line number, or two<br />
separated by a comma, or dash), are allowed. The word<br />
"LIST' may be abbreviated to "L." Output may be to the<br />
printer, to the screen, or both.<br />
2. All program line numbers are displayed right-adjusted<br />
in the first five output columns. All program statements<br />
begin in Column 7.<br />
3. Each statement separator(:) appearing past Column<br />
12 causes a line break. The ":" is displayed in Column 4 of<br />
the following output line.<br />
4. Lines usually extend to Column 38 instead of 33. The<br />
continuation of a long line is indented three extra spaces.<br />
5. Each output line is indented an extra two spaces for<br />
each level of nested FOR. .. NEXT and IF. .. THEN statements.<br />
To avoid squeezing too closely against the right margin,<br />
indentation stops at Column 30.<br />
6. A space is listed after every comma or semicolon<br />
(except those in REMs and quoted strings).<br />
7. The output line is broken and continued whenever a<br />
space, comma, or semicolon appears past Column 33.<br />
8. No extra blanks are displayed around the " *" and ()<br />
tokens.<br />
9. A blank is not listed before a keyword if the previous<br />
character is a blank or left parenthesis.<br />
10. A blank is not listed after a keyword ending with a<br />
parenthesis (such as "TAB('', for example).<br />
11. Non-printing control characters are listed as letters<br />
enclosed within square brackets.<br />
12. The listing can be temporarily stopped and then<br />
resumed by hitting any key. Control-C may be used to<br />
cancel the listing.<br />
Operational Requirements<br />
There are a few things you need to be aware of, however.<br />
A/S LISTER must be used under DOS with Applesoft in<br />
ROM (or at the same locations in RAM card). It is not hidden<br />
above HIMEM, so it may be wiped out if your program or its<br />
data requires too much space. Another point: the"&" vector<br />
is used to enable RENUMBER; if you're using that utility<br />
while coding, you can't use the Lister, and vice versa.<br />
There is one known bug: it doesn't realize that "NEXT J,J"<br />
ends two FOR. .. NEXT loops instead of one; the indentation<br />
will be slightly off. Since it's better programming practice to<br />
use "NEXT I: NEXT J," I haven't made provision for the<br />
sloppier form.<br />
The Assembly language program in Listing 1 should be<br />
assembled and placed in the binary file "A/ S LISTER."<br />
BRUNning that file loads the program in the Apple's<br />
memory at location $6000 Uust above Hi-Res Page 2), and<br />
sets up the ampersand vector. (Obviously, the ampersand<br />
vector can't be used for more than one purpose at a time.)<br />
Once loaded and initialized with BRUN, the program may<br />
be invoked with " & LIST' any number of times.<br />
36 Apple Orchard
A/S LISTER uses several entry points into the Appleoft<br />
ROM as well as the ''warm start" entry into DOS. It checks<br />
for the existence of Applesoft, so it is safe (but ineffective) to<br />
BRUN it from Integer BASIC. Don't try to BRUN it without<br />
DOS up, though!<br />
Programming Style<br />
You may want to spruce up your programs a bit to enhance<br />
the quality of formatted listings. I use these coding techniques<br />
to make my printed listings even more readable:<br />
1. Don't play games with text in REMs. A hidden line feed<br />
( Control-J) or padding with blanks to get columns to line up<br />
won't necessarily work the same way with &LIST as with<br />
LIST. This is the main problem I've found when formatting<br />
existing programs.<br />
2. Avoid ending more than one FOR on a single NEXT.<br />
The formatted listing will be correct, but the identation will<br />
be off.<br />
3. Don't put colons immediately after line numbers.<br />
Some people do this to force identation of the listing. Let<br />
your Apple do it for you!<br />
4. Add a colon after a THEN if the whole statement won't<br />
fit on the same line or if there are several statements in the<br />
THEN CLAUSE.<br />
An Example<br />
Figures 1 and 2 contrast the listing formats of the standard<br />
Applesoft LIST command, and &LIST. Several, but not<br />
all, of the features of AS/LISTER are illustrated in this short<br />
example. Figure 3 shows what happens when the adjacent<br />
NEXT I and NEXT J are combined into a single NEXT l,J.<br />
Summary<br />
Whether used for prettier hardcopy listings of Applesoft<br />
programs or as a nicer way to view them as they are being<br />
developed, A/S LISTER has fulfilled by expectations. I hope<br />
you'll find it just as helpful. But, since few people seem to<br />
agree on questions of style and the "correct" formatting of<br />
program listings, please feel free to adapt A/S LISTER to<br />
your requirements and aesthetics.<br />
]BRUN A/S LISTER<br />
Figure 2<br />
APPLESOFT PROGRAM LIST FORMATTER<br />
(C) 1981 - D H BARTLEY - AUSTIN, TEXAS<br />
TO USE, PRECEDE EACH 'LIST' WITH &<br />
] &LIST<br />
100 REM -- SAMPLE NONSENSE PROGRAM<br />
110 READ M, N<br />
DATA urn, 200<br />
120 FOR I = 1 TO M<br />
FOR J = 1 TO N<br />
130 ANSWER= (3*I + J"2) I 2<br />
140 IF I = J THEN<br />
PRINT "I = J"<br />
ANSWER = 1 I ANSWER<br />
150 PRINT TAB( 10): "ANSWER =<br />
": ANSWER<br />
160 NEXT J<br />
NEXT I<br />
170 END<br />
Figure 3<br />
]LIST<br />
Figure 1<br />
100 REM -- SAMPLE NONSENSE PROGR<br />
AM<br />
110 READ M,N: DATA 100,200:<br />
120 FOR I = 1 TO M: FOR J = 1 TO<br />
N<br />
130 ANSWER = (3 * I + J " 2) I 2<br />
140 IF I = J THEN : PRINT "I = J<br />
":ANSWER = 1 I ANSWER<br />
150 PRINT TAB( 10):"ANSWER =<br />
II o<br />
I<br />
ANSWER<br />
160 NEXT J: NEXT I<br />
170 END<br />
]&LIST<br />
100 REM -- SAMPLE NONSENSE PROGRAM<br />
110 READ M, N<br />
DATA 100, 200<br />
120 FOR I = 1 TO M<br />
FOR J = 1 TO N<br />
130 ANSWER = (3*I +J"2)/2<br />
140 IF I = J THEN<br />
PRINT "I = J"<br />
ANSWER = 1 I ANSWER<br />
150 PRINT TAB(l0): "ANSWER =<br />
": ANSWER<br />
160 NEXT J, I<br />
170 END<br />
May -June 1982 37
Listing #1<br />
1000 . OR $6000 ( 245 76 DEC.)<br />
1010 .TF A/S LISTER<br />
1020 *<br />
6000- 4C 89 60 1030 JMP INIT INIT ENTRY<br />
1040 *<br />
1050 *********************************<br />
1060 * *<br />
1070 * Applesoft *<br />
1080 * Program List Formatter *<br />
1090 * by David H Bartley *<br />
1100 * *<br />
1110 *********************************<br />
1120 *<br />
1130 * Improvements Made:<br />
1140 *<br />
1150 * = The LIST command must be<br />
1160 * preceded by "&" to use this<br />
1170 * version. It may be typed as<br />
1180 * either "&LIST" or "&L". The<br />
1190 * standard arguments (one line<br />
1200 * number, or two separated by<br />
1210 * , or -) are allowed.<br />
1220 *<br />
1230 * = Each line number is right-<br />
1240 * adjusted in the first five<br />
1250 * columns. All statements now<br />
1260 * start at column 7.<br />
1270 *<br />
1280 * = Lines extend to column 38<br />
1290 * instead of 33 (usually). The<br />
1300 * continuation of a long line<br />
1310 * is indented 3 extra spaces.<br />
1320 *<br />
1330 * = Each output line is indented<br />
1340 * an extra two columns for each<br />
1350 * level that "FOR" and "IF"<br />
1360 * statements are nested. The<br />
1370 * indentation stops 10 columns<br />
1380 * from the right margin.<br />
1390 *<br />
1400 * = Listing can be temporarily<br />
1410 * stopped by hitting any key.<br />
1420 * Ctrl-C still cancels listing.<br />
1430 *<br />
1440 * = A space is now printed after<br />
1450 * every ", 11 or 11 ;" (except<br />
1460 * those in REM's or strings).<br />
1470 *<br />
1480 * = An output line will be broken<br />
1490 * and continued whenever a ",",<br />
1500 * ";", or 11 11 appears within 7<br />
1510 *<br />
1520 *<br />
columns of the right margin.<br />
1530 *=Each statement separator(:)<br />
38 Apple Orchard
P.O. BOX 192<br />
CLINTON, MD 20735<br />
(301) 868-5487 EXEC<br />
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PROGRAMS FOR USE WITH VISICALC<br />
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time analysis, record keeping for<br />
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periods make this a must for<br />
executives, supervisors, and<br />
VT 400 SPORTS/GENERAL. .. This hard<br />
hitting VisiTemp allows you to keep<br />
player and team records for basketball,<br />
football, and baseball. The temp provides<br />
individual and team statistics.<br />
Whether you keep regular sports records<br />
or just want to keep 'stats' on your favorites,<br />
this temp will appeal to you!<br />
ESM 102 VISICALC SIMPLIFIED<br />
TUTOR ... Tutor and reference manual<br />
for VisiCalc users.<br />
$19.95<br />
TERMS<br />
MAIL ORDERS add $2.50 for shipping<br />
and handing<br />
VISA/MASTERCARD accepted<br />
Maryland Residents add 5% Sales Tax<br />
Allow two (2) weeks<br />
are special application templates designed to be used with<br />
Now more power from VisiCalcMand your 48K Applesystem!<br />
Special Application Templates for use<br />
with Personal Softwares VisiCalc~M<br />
VisiCalc is a registered trademark of<br />
Personal Software/VisiCorp.<br />
V1s1TEMR
00Bl-<br />
00B7-<br />
DAFB<br />
D61A<br />
ED34-<br />
D858-<br />
DA0C<br />
D7D2-<br />
DBSC<br />
DEC9-<br />
DB3A-<br />
FDED-<br />
0024-<br />
009D-<br />
0085-<br />
0050-<br />
009B-<br />
002 l-<br />
C000-<br />
C010-<br />
6003- 00<br />
6004- 00<br />
1540 *<br />
1550 *<br />
1560 *<br />
1570 *<br />
1580 *<br />
appearing past column 12<br />
causes a line break. The':'<br />
is listed in column 4 of the<br />
new output line.<br />
1590 * = Tokens * and A are not<br />
1600 * surrounded by blanks.<br />
1610 *<br />
1620 * = A blank will not be listed<br />
1630 * before a token if the<br />
previous char was a blank<br />
or left parenthesis.<br />
1640 *<br />
1650 *<br />
1660 *<br />
1670 * = A blank will not be listed<br />
1680 * after a token ending in"(".<br />
1690 *<br />
1700 * =<br />
1710 *<br />
1720 *<br />
1730 *<br />
Control characters are listed<br />
as normal capitals enclosed<br />
in brackets (e.g. [J]).<br />
1740 *--------------------------------<br />
1750 *<br />
1760 * APPLESOFT/MONITOR ROUTINES<br />
1770 *<br />
1780 CHRGET .EQ<br />
1790 CHRGOT .EQ<br />
1800 CRDO .EQ<br />
1810 FNDLIN .EQ<br />
1820 FOUT .EQ<br />
1830 ISCNTC .EQ<br />
1840 LINGET .EQ<br />
1850 NEWSTT .EQ<br />
1860 OUTDO .EQ<br />
1870 SNERR .EQ<br />
1880 STROUT .EQ<br />
1890 *<br />
$00Bl<br />
$00B7<br />
$DAFB<br />
$D61A<br />
$ED34<br />
$D858<br />
$DA0C<br />
$D7D2<br />
$DBSC<br />
$DEC9<br />
$DB3A<br />
1900 COUT .EQ $FDED<br />
1910 *--------------------------------<br />
1920 *<br />
1930 * SYSTEM VARIABLES<br />
1940 *<br />
1950 CH .EQ $24<br />
1960 DSCTMP .EQ $9D<br />
1970 FORPNT .EQ $85<br />
1980 LINNUM .EQ $50<br />
1990 LOWTR .EQ $9B<br />
2000 WNDWTH .EQ $21<br />
2010 *<br />
2020 KBD .EQ $C000 KEYBOARD<br />
2030 KBDSTR .EQ $C010 KBD STROBE<br />
2040 *--------------------------------<br />
2050 *<br />
2060 * LOCAL VARIABLES<br />
2070 *<br />
2080 CONFLG .DA #0<br />
2090 PREVCH .DA #0<br />
40 Apple Orchard
600S- 00 2100 TABFOR .DA #0<br />
6006- 00 2110 TAB IF .DA #0<br />
6007- 00 2120 TXTFLG .DA #0<br />
2130 *<br />
2140 * The following line buffer must<br />
21S0 * begin on an address below XF0,<br />
2160 * where X may be any page.<br />
2170 LINBFR<br />
600S- 20 20 20<br />
600B- 20 30 2180 .HS 2020202030 " 0"<br />
600D- 30 30 30<br />
6010- 30 00 2190 .HS 3030303000 "0000 ! "<br />
600A- 2200 LINBF2 .EQ LINBFR+2<br />
600S- 2210 LINBF3 .EQ LINBFR-3<br />
2220 *<br />
6012- SD SD SD 2230 BANNER .HS SD SD SD<br />
601S- A0 A0 A0<br />
601S- A0 Cl D0<br />
601B- D0 cc cs<br />
601E- D3 CF C6<br />
6021- D4 A0 D0<br />
6024- D2 CF C7<br />
6027- D2 Cl CD 2240 .AS - " APPLESOFT PROGRAM"<br />
602A- A0 cc C9<br />
602D- D3 D4 A0<br />
6030- C6 CF D2<br />
6033- CD Cl D4<br />
6036- D4 cs D2 22S0 .AS - " LIST FORMATTER"<br />
6039- SD 2260 .HS 8D C/R<br />
603A- AB C3 A9<br />
603D- A0 Bl B9<br />
6040- B8 Bl A0<br />
6043- AD A0 2270 . AS - " ( C) 19Sl - "<br />
604S- C4 A0 cs<br />
6048- A0 C2 Cl<br />
604B- D2 D4 cc<br />
604E- cs D9 A0<br />
60Sl- AD A0 22S0 .AS -"D H BARTLEY - "<br />
60S3- Cl DS D3<br />
60S6- D4 C9 CE<br />
60S9- AC A0 D4<br />
60SC- cs DS Cl<br />
60SF- D3 2290 .AS -"AUSTIN, TEXAS"<br />
6060- SD 2300 .HS SD C/R<br />
6061- A0 A0 A0<br />
6064- A0 D4 CF<br />
6067- A0 DS D3<br />
606A- cs AC A0<br />
606D- D0 D2 cs<br />
6070- C3 cs C4<br />
6073- cs A0 2310 .AS - " TO USE, PRECEDE "<br />
607S- cs Cl C3<br />
607S- cs A0 A7<br />
607B- cc C9 D3<br />
607E- D4 A7 A0<br />
60Sl- D7 C9 D4<br />
May-June 1982 41
6084- CB A0 A6 2320 .AS -"EACH 'LIST' WITH &"<br />
6087- 8D 00 2330 .HS 8D00 C/R EOT<br />
2340 *--------------------------------<br />
2350 INIT<br />
6089- A9 28 2360 LDA #$28 CHECK FOR A/S ROM<br />
608B- CG 01 E0 2370 CMP $E001<br />
608E- D0 lB 2380 BNE DOS -NOT THERE!<br />
6090- A9 4C 2390 LDA #$4C "JMP" OPCODE<br />
6092- CD 00 E0 2400 CMP $E000<br />
6095- D0 14 2410 BNE DOS -NOT THERE!<br />
2420 *<br />
6097- SD F5 03 2430 STA $3F5 & VECTOR<br />
609A- A9 AE 2440 LDA #AMPER<br />
609C- SD . F6 03 2450 STA $3F6<br />
609F- A9 60 2460 LDA /AMPER<br />
60Al- 8D F7 03 2470 STA $3F7<br />
2480<br />
60A4- A9 12 2490 *<br />
LDA #BANNER DISPLAY BANNER<br />
60A6- A0 60 2500 LDY /BANNER TEXT MESSAGE<br />
60A8- 20 3A DB 2510 JSR STROUT<br />
2520 DOS<br />
60AB- 4C D0 03 2530 JMP $03D0 --> DOS/BASIC<br />
2540 *--------------------------------<br />
2550 AMPER<br />
2560 2570 AMPERSAND ENTRY POINT<br />
2580 *<br />
60AE- AA 2590 TAX SAVE lST TOKEN<br />
60AF- 20 Bl 00 2600 JSR CHRGET GET 2ND TOKEN<br />
60B2- 08 2610 PHP SAVE STATUS<br />
*<br />
"LIST" TOKEN?<br />
60B3- E0 BC<br />
2620<br />
2630 CPX #lSS<br />
60B5- F0 08 2640 BEQ XLIST<br />
60B7- E0 4C 2650 CPX #$4C "L" CHAR?<br />
60B9- F0 04 2660 BEQ XLIST<br />
60BB- 28 2670 PLP<br />
26S0 ERROR<br />
60BC- 4C C9 OE 2690 JMP SNERR SYNTAX ERROR<br />
2700<br />
2710 XL *--------------------------------<br />
I ST<br />
60BF- 2S 2720 PLP<br />
60C0- 90 0A 2730 BCC LIS010 DIGIT NEXT<br />
60C2- F0 0S 2740 BEQ LIS010 : OR EOL<br />
II<br />
60C4- C9 C9 2750 CMP #$C9 - II TOKEN<br />
60C6- F0 04 2760 BEQ LIS010 LIST - ...<br />
II II<br />
60C8- C9 2C 2770 CMP #$2C , CHAR<br />
60CA- D0 F0 2780 BNE ERROR -ERROR<br />
2790 LIS010<br />
60CC- 20 0C DA 2800 JSR LINGET GET LINE NR<br />
60CF- 20 lA D6 2810 JSR FNDLIN LOWTR -> LINE<br />
60D2- 20 B7 00 2820 JSR CHRGOT NEXT CHAR<br />
60D5- F0 10 2830 BEQ LIS030 : OR EOL<br />
II<br />
60D7- C9 C9 2S40 CMP #$C9 - II TOKEN<br />
60D9- F0 04 2S50 BEQ LIS020<br />
II II<br />
60DB- C9 2C 2860 CMP #$2C , CHAR<br />
60DD- D0 DD 2S70 BI\TE ERROR -ERROR<br />
42 Apple Orchard
Apple Computers and Video<br />
Tape Recorders Go Together<br />
It's amazing how many Apple owner's<br />
also own a video cassette recorder. Sooooooo . .......... .<br />
To thank the Apple community for your support of the various M & R ENTERPRISE<br />
products over the years, we're offering an extra-special deal.<br />
WATCH TV<br />
WATCH VIDEO CASSETTE<br />
WATCH AUXILIARY<br />
PLAY VIDEO GAME<br />
RECORD TV<br />
RECORD AUXILIARY<br />
RECORD AUXILIARY+ WATCH TV<br />
RECORD TV+ WATCH AUXILIARY<br />
The Video Switch Box<br />
<strong>•</strong> Brings all video components under simultaneous<br />
control<br />
<strong>•</strong> Eliminates unnecessary extra wiring while it<br />
restores the remote control function of the cable<br />
TV tuner<br />
<strong>•</strong> Handles 5 inputs including: cable converter, disc<br />
player, video games, TV antenna or cable, your<br />
Apple computer, TV, VCR and auxiliary<br />
<strong>•</strong> With the touch of a switch, your television turns<br />
into a multi-media event<br />
U.S.A. Sales Only<br />
$29.95<br />
California Residents add 6112% Sales Tax ($1 .95)<br />
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO: M & R ENTERPRISES, 910 GEORGE ST., SANTA CLARA, CA. 95050
1<br />
2880 LIS020 612E- 29 7F 3440 AND #$7F MASK CHAR<br />
60DF- 20 Bl 00 2890 JSR CHRGET NEXT CHAR 6130- 20 6D 62 3450 JSR XOUTDO OUTPUT CHAR<br />
60E2- 20 0C DA 2900 JSR LINGET PARSE LINE NR 6133- A9 02 3460 LDA #2 CURSOR W/IN 2<br />
60E5- D0 D5 2910 BNE ERROR -ERROR 6135- 20 4B 62 3470 JSR OVRFLO OF WINDOW?<br />
2920 * : OR EOL 3480 LIS120<br />
2930 LIS030 6138- C8 3490 INY NEXT INPUT POS<br />
60E7- A9 00 2940 LDA #0 6139- 84 85 3500 STY FORPNT (SAVE Y)<br />
60E9- SD 05 60 2950 STA TABFOR NR FOR'S := 0 613B- Bl 9B 3510 LDA (LOWTR) I y GET CHAR/TOKEN<br />
60EC- A5 50 2960 LDA LINNUM 2ND LINE NR 613D- D0 14 3520 BNE LIS300 -VALID BYTE<br />
60EE- 05 51 2970 ORA LINNUM+l 3530 60F0- D0 06 2980 BNE LIS040 2ND LINE GIVEN<br />
3540 * END OF LINE, MOVE TO NEXT LINE<br />
60F2- A9 FF 2990 LDA #$FF 3550 *<br />
60F4- 85 50 3000 STA LINNUM DEFJ\ULT 2ND 613F- A8 3560 TAY y := 0<br />
60F6- 85 51 3010 STA LINNUM+l LINE NUMBER 6140- Bl 9B 3570 LDA (LOWTR),Y LINK PTR, LO<br />
3020 *--------------------------------<br />
6142- AA 3580 TAX<br />
3030 LIS040 6143- CB 3590 INY y := 1<br />
3040 * 6144- Bl 9B 3600 LDA (LOWTR),Y LINK PTR, HI<br />
3050 * LIST THE NEXT STATEMENT 6146- 86 9B 3610 STX LOWTR<br />
3060 * 6148- 85 9C 3620 STA LOWTR+l<br />
60F8- A0 01 3070 LDY #1 614A- 4C FB 60 3630 JMP LIS040<br />
60FA- Bl 9B 3080 LDA (LOWTR), Y LINK HI BYTE 3640 *--------------------------------<br />
60FC- F0 4F 3090 BEQ LIS200 END OF PROGRAM<br />
3650 LIS200<br />
60FE- 20 9B 62 3100 JSR PAUSE STOP LIST ? 3660 6101- 20 FB DA 3110 JSR CRDO OUTPUT CAR RET<br />
3670 * END OF PROGRAM - RETURN TO A/S<br />
6104- cs 3120 INY y := 2 3680 *<br />
3130 * 614D- 20 FB DA 3690 JSR CRDO NEW LINE<br />
3140 * CHECK FOR LINE NUMBER IN RANGE 6150- 4C D2 D7 3700 JMP NEWSTT EXIT<br />
3150 * 3710 *--------------------------------<br />
6105- Bl 9B 3160 LDA (LOWTR),Y LO BY'I'~ OF 3720 6107- AA 3170 TAX<br />
3730 PROCESS NEXT CHAR/TOKEN<br />
LINE l"·"·IBER<br />
6108- cs 3180 INY y := 3 3740 *<br />
6109- Bl 9B 3190 LDA (LOWTR) I y 3750 LIS300<br />
610B- C5 51 3200 CMP LINNUM+l HI BYTES 6153- C9 22 3760 CMP #$22 (") CHAR<br />
610D- D0 04 3210 BNE LIS050 6155- D0 0A 3770 BNE LIS301<br />
610F- E4 50 3220 CPX LIN.NUM LO BYTES 6157- A9 80 3780 LDA #$80 TOGGLE THE<br />
6111- F0 02 3230 BEQ LIS060 6159- 4D 07 60 3790 EOR TXTFLG TEXT FLAG<br />
3240 LIS050 615C- SD 07 60 3800 STA TXTFLG<br />
6113- B0 38 3250 BCS LIS200 END OF RANGE 615F- A9 22 3810 LDA #$22 ( ") CHAR<br />
3260 LIS060 3820 LIS301<br />
6115- 84 85 3270 STY FORPNT (TEMP SAVE) 6161- AE 07 60 3830 LDX TXTFLG IN REM/TEXT?<br />
3280 * 6164- D0 5B 3840 BNE LIS600 -YES<br />
3290 * PRINT THE LINE NUMBER 3850 *<br />
3300 * 6166- C9 2C 3860 CMP #$2C " ," CHAR<br />
6117- 20 77 62 3310 JSR XLINPR PRINT LINNUM 6168- F0 04 3870 BEQ LIS310<br />
611A- A9 00 3320 LDA #0 616A- C9 3B 3880 CMP #$3B ";" CHAR<br />
611C- SD 06 60 3330 STA TABIF NR NESTED IF'S 616C- D0 05 3890 BNE LIS320<br />
611F- 8D 07 60 3340 STA TXTFLG NO "/REM YET 3900 LIS310<br />
6122- 20 29 62 3350 JSR INDENT 616E- 20 6D 62 3910 JSR XOUTDO PRINT CHAR<br />
6125- A9 00 3360 LDA #0 6171- A9 20 3920 LDA #$20 SPACE CHAR<br />
"O<br />
6127- SD 03 60 3370 STA CONFLG<br />
3930 LIS320<br />
...<br />
«l<br />
612A- A9 20 3380 LDA #$20 6173- C9 3A 3940 CMP #$3A ":" CHAR ..c<br />
u<br />
0<br />
...<br />
3390 61 75- D0 lD 3950 BNE LIS330 -NO<br />
3400 * PRINT NEXT CHARACTER OR TOKEN 3960 * Q)<br />
3410 *<br />
3970 * BEGIN A NEW STATEMENT ( : ) 0..<br />
0..<br />
3420 LIS100 3980 *<br />
612C- A4 85 3430 LDY FORPNT (RESTORE Y) 6177- AE 03 60 3990 LDX CONFLG CONTINUED LINE?<br />
INTERNATIONAL APPLE CORE<br />
SPONSORING MEMBERS<br />
Advanced Operating Systems<br />
450 St John Rd. Suite 792<br />
Michigan City, IN 46360<br />
(219) 879 -4693<br />
Ag Disk<br />
P. 0. Box 80837<br />
Lincoln, NE 68501<br />
(402) 476 - 2811<br />
Apple Computer, Inc.<br />
10260 Bandley Drive<br />
Cupertino, CA 95014<br />
(408) 996 - 1010<br />
Apple Europe<br />
PCS Marketing<br />
7 Rue de Chartres<br />
Neuilly Sur Seine<br />
France 92200<br />
Bay Shore Medical Lab<br />
250 Yaphank Rd.<br />
Patchogue, NY 11 772<br />
(516) 654 -2211<br />
Bite-Soft<br />
P. 0 . Box 175<br />
N. Hollywood, CA 91603<br />
(213) 843 - 1155<br />
The Computer Lab<br />
531 Broad St<br />
New London, CT 06320<br />
(203)447 - 1079<br />
Corvus Systems, Inc.<br />
2009 O'Toole Ave.<br />
San Jose, CA 95131<br />
(408) 946 - 7700<br />
IAC Sponsors are a special breed.<br />
They are the organizations who<br />
contribute to and support many IAC<br />
activities. In addition, they provide us<br />
application notes concerning their<br />
products - notes that show new and<br />
different ways to utilize the sponsors'<br />
products with modifications for<br />
special purposes. When you consider<br />
a software or product purchase,<br />
give our sponsors special consideration;<br />
they have shown that they care<br />
about their customers.<br />
Enhanceware<br />
91 Pioneer Place<br />
Durango, CO 81301<br />
(303) 259 - 3598<br />
Hayes Microcomputer<br />
5835 Peachtree Corners E.<br />
Norcross, GA 30092<br />
(404) 449 - 8791<br />
Houston Instrument Division<br />
8500 Cameron Rd.<br />
Austin, TX 78753<br />
(512) 835 - 0900<br />
Interactive Structures<br />
P. 0. Box404<br />
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004<br />
(215) 667 - 1713<br />
Leading Edge Products<br />
225 Turnpike St<br />
Canton, MA 02021<br />
(617)828 -8150<br />
JV\ & R Enterprises<br />
910 George St<br />
Santa Clara, CA 95050<br />
(408) 980 -0160<br />
Nestar Systems, Inc.<br />
2585 E. Bayshore Rd.<br />
Palo Alto, CA 94303<br />
(415) 493 - 2223<br />
Omega Microware<br />
222 S. Riverside<br />
Chicago, IL 60606<br />
Sirius Software<br />
2011 Arden Way Suite 2<br />
Sacramento, CA 95825<br />
(916) 920 - 1939<br />
Source Telecomputing<br />
1616 Anderson Rd<br />
McLean, VA 22102<br />
(703) 821 - 6660<br />
SSM Microcomputer<br />
2190 Paragon Dr.<br />
San Jose, CA 95131<br />
(408) 946 - 7600<br />
Steve Blackson Productions<br />
4613 Redwood Drive<br />
Garland, TX 75043<br />
(214) 840 - 1000<br />
Sorrento Valley Associates<br />
11722-D Sorrento Valley Rd<br />
San Diego, CA 92121<br />
(714) 452 -0101<br />
Syntauri, Ltd.<br />
3506 Waverly St<br />
Palo Alto, CA 94306<br />
(415) 494 - 1017<br />
Telecom Terminal Systems<br />
3903 Grandview Blvd.<br />
Los Angeles, CA 90066<br />
(213) 390 - 9494<br />
Verbatim Corporation<br />
323 Soquel Way<br />
Sunnyvale, CA 94086<br />
(408) 245 -4400<br />
Xerox Retail Division<br />
7700 Edgewater Dr. Suite 360<br />
Oakland, CA 94621<br />
(415) 632 - 5808<br />
May -June 1982 45
"E<br />
.c "'<br />
~<br />
0<br />
QI<br />
n.<br />
~<br />
ID<br />
""<br />
-<br />
D0 06<br />
A6 24<br />
E0 0C<br />
90 12<br />
4000<br />
4010<br />
4020<br />
4030<br />
4040<br />
20 FB DA 40S0<br />
A9 03 4060<br />
20 36 62 4070<br />
A9 3A 4080<br />
20 6D 62 4090<br />
20 29 62 4100<br />
Df1J 98 4110<br />
6194- C9 CA<br />
6196- D0 02<br />
6198- A9 2A<br />
619A- C9 CC<br />
619C- D0 02<br />
619E- A9 SE<br />
61A0- C9 C4<br />
61A2- D0 03<br />
61A4- EE 06 60<br />
61A7- C9 81<br />
61A9- D0 03<br />
61AB- EE 05 60<br />
4120<br />
4130<br />
4140<br />
41S0<br />
4160<br />
4170<br />
4180<br />
4190<br />
4200<br />
4210<br />
4220<br />
4230<br />
4240<br />
4250<br />
4260<br />
4270<br />
4280<br />
C9 82 4290<br />
D0 08 4300<br />
CE 0S 60 4310<br />
10 03 4320<br />
EE 0S 60 4330<br />
61BA- C9 B2<br />
61BC- D0 03<br />
61BE- EE 07 60<br />
61CE- 09 40<br />
6100- 20<br />
61D3- A9<br />
61DS- D0<br />
6D 62<br />
SD<br />
07<br />
61D7- A9 07<br />
61D9- 20 4B 62<br />
61DC- A9 20<br />
4340<br />
43S0<br />
4360<br />
4370<br />
4380<br />
4390<br />
4400<br />
4410<br />
4420<br />
4430<br />
4440<br />
44S0<br />
4460<br />
4470<br />
4480<br />
4490<br />
4S00<br />
4Sl0<br />
4S20<br />
4S30<br />
4S40<br />
4SS0<br />
BNE LIS32S<br />
LDX CH<br />
CPX #12<br />
BCC LIS330<br />
LIS32S<br />
JSR CRDO<br />
LDA #3<br />
JSR TAB<br />
LDA #$3A<br />
JSR XOUTDO<br />
JSR INDENT<br />
BNE LIS100<br />
LIS330<br />
CMP #$CA<br />
BNE LIS332<br />
LDA #$2A<br />
LIS332<br />
CMP #$CC .<br />
BNE LIS334<br />
LDA #$SE<br />
LIS334<br />
CMP #$C4<br />
BNE LIS340<br />
INC TABIF<br />
LIS340<br />
CMP #$81<br />
BNE LIS3S0<br />
INC TABFOR<br />
LIS3S0<br />
CMP #$82<br />
BNE LIS360<br />
DEC TABFOR<br />
BPL LIS360<br />
INC TABFOR<br />
LIS360<br />
CMP #$B2<br />
BNE LIS370<br />
INC TXTFLG<br />
LIS370<br />
LIS600<br />
CMP #$20<br />
BEQ LIS60S<br />
BCS LIS610<br />
PHA<br />
LDA #$SB<br />
JSR XOUTDO<br />
PLA<br />
ORA #$40<br />
JSR XOUTDO<br />
LDA #$SD<br />
BNE LIS610<br />
LIS60S<br />
LDA #7<br />
JSR OVRFLO<br />
LDA #$20<br />
LIS610<br />
-YES<br />
HORZ. CURSOR<br />
PAST COL 12?<br />
-NO<br />
-YES<br />
TAB TO COL 4<br />
":" CHAR<br />
CONTINUE<br />
II* II<br />
TOKEN<br />
11*11<br />
CHAR<br />
11"-11<br />
TOKEN<br />
CHAR<br />
"THEN" TOKEN<br />
TAB 2 COLUMNS<br />
"FOR" TOKEN<br />
TAB 2 COLUMNS<br />
"NEXT" TOKEN<br />
END OF 'FOR'<br />
TABFOR >= 0<br />
TABFOR := 0<br />
"REM" TOKEN<br />
REM/TEXT FLAG<br />
SPACE CHAR<br />
-SPACE CHAR<br />
-PRINTABLE CHAR<br />
-CONTROL CHAR<br />
LEFT BRACKET<br />
MAKE<br />
PRINTABLE<br />
RIGHT BRACKET<br />
GOOD PLACE TO<br />
BREAK OUTPUT?<br />
SPACE CHAR<br />
61DE- C9 00<br />
61E0- 30 03<br />
61E2- 4C 2C 61<br />
38<br />
E9 7F<br />
AA<br />
A0 D0<br />
84 9D<br />
A0 CF<br />
84 9E<br />
A0 FF<br />
61F3- CA<br />
61F4- F0 07<br />
61F6- 20 2C D7<br />
61F9- 10 FB<br />
61FB- 30 F6<br />
4S60 CMP #0<br />
4S70 BMI LIS700 -TOKEN<br />
4S80 JMP LIS100 -ASCII CHAR<br />
4S90 LIS700<br />
4600 *<br />
4610 * TOKEN -<br />
4620 *<br />
LOOK IT UP<br />
4630 SEC<br />
4640 SBC #$7F<br />
46S0 TAX<br />
4660 LDY<br />
4670 STY<br />
4680 LDY<br />
4690 STY<br />
4700 LDY<br />
4710 LIS710<br />
4720 DEX<br />
4730 BEQ<br />
4740 LIS720<br />
#$D0<br />
DSCTMP<br />
#$CF<br />
DSCTMP+l<br />
#$FF<br />
LIS730<br />
47S0 JSR $D72C<br />
4760 *<br />
4770 BPL LIS720<br />
4780 BMI LIS710<br />
4790 LIS730<br />
4800 *<br />
DSCTMP :=<br />
TABLE ADDR<br />
LINEAR SEARCH<br />
-TOKEN FOUND<br />
GET NEXT TABLE<br />
ENTRY CHAR<br />
-NOT LAST CHAR<br />
-LAST CHAR<br />
4810 * DSCTMP NOW POINTS TO THE<br />
4820 * TABLE ENTRY FOR THE TOKEN<br />
4830 *<br />
4840<br />
48S0<br />
NEAR LINE END?<br />
CHECK WINDOW<br />
6216- 30 0S<br />
6218- 20 6D 62<br />
621B- D0 F6<br />
617A-<br />
61 7C-<br />
61 7E-<br />
6180-<br />
6182-<br />
6185-<br />
6187-<br />
618A-<br />
618C-<br />
618F-<br />
6192-<br />
61AE-<br />
61B0-<br />
61B2-<br />
61BS-<br />
61B7-<br />
61Cl- C9 20<br />
61C3- F0 12<br />
61CS- B0 17<br />
61C7- 48<br />
61C8- A9 SB<br />
61CA- 20 6D 62<br />
61CD- 68<br />
61ES-<br />
61E6-<br />
61E8-<br />
61E9-<br />
61EB-<br />
61ED-<br />
61EF-<br />
61Fl-<br />
61FD- A9 07<br />
61FF- 20 4B 62<br />
LDA #7<br />
JSR OVRFLO<br />
4860 LIS73S<br />
6202- A9 28 4870 LDA #$28 "(" CHAR<br />
6204- CD 04 60 4880 CMP PREVCH<br />
6207- F0 0A 4890 BEQ LIS740<br />
6209- A9 20 4900 LDA #$20<br />
620B- CD 04 60 4910 CMP PREVCH<br />
620E-<br />
F0 03 4920 BEQ LIS740<br />
6210- 20 6D 62 4930 JSR XOUTDO<br />
4940 LIS740<br />
6213- 20 2C D7 49S0 JSR $D72C<br />
4960 *<br />
621D-<br />
621F-<br />
6221-<br />
6224-<br />
C9 AB<br />
F0 05<br />
20 6D<br />
A9 20<br />
4970 BMI LIS7S0<br />
4980 JSR XOUTDO<br />
4990 BNE LIS740<br />
S000 LIS750<br />
S010 CMP #$A8<br />
S020 BEC LIS760<br />
62 S030 JSR XOUTDO<br />
5040 LDA #$20<br />
S0S0 LIS760<br />
II ( II -) II (II<br />
SPACE CHAR<br />
DOUBLE SPACE?<br />
-YES<br />
-NO, PRINT ONE<br />
GET NEXT TABLE<br />
ENTRY CHAR<br />
-LAST CHAR<br />
PRINT CHAR<br />
(ALWAYS TAKEN)<br />
"(II<br />
6226- 4C 2C 61 S060 JMP LIS100 -LOOP<br />
"( II -> "(fl<br />
PRINT LAST CHR<br />
SPACE CHAR<br />
S070 *--------------------------------<br />
S080 INDENT<br />
S090 *<br />
Sl00 * INDENT ACCORDING TO NES·rING<br />
Sll0 * LEVEL OF "FOR" AND "IF" STATE-
''The Professional'' Series from sos<br />
NEW Apple II terminal software<br />
Time Share Users<br />
Q. Are you tired of wasting time and money sending or<br />
receiving files with inadequate, poorly designed<br />
software? Do you find yourself manually performing<br />
the same lengthy log-in procedures over and over<br />
again? Would you like to automate these procedures<br />
for yourself and others?<br />
<strong>•</strong> Z-Term "The Professional" by Bill Blue, for<br />
Apple CP/M*<br />
<strong>•</strong> P-Term "The Professional" by Joel Kunin and<br />
Bill Blue, for Apple Pascal**<br />
<strong>•</strong> ASCII Express "The Professional" by Mark<br />
Robbins and Bill Blue, for Apple DOS**<br />
Businessmen<br />
Q. Do you have difficulty operating your printer when<br />
connected to a time-sharing computer? Are files<br />
you're trying to download too large for your system<br />
buffer? Does your host computer lose data when you<br />
send files to it?<br />
A. " The Professionals" incorporate printer ring buffers<br />
which allow slower printers to accept data at their<br />
own rates. Very large files are easily received by<br />
periodically saving the buffer to disk. Unlike some<br />
software which can lose data during disk saves,<br />
"The Professionals" not only direct the host to stop,<br />
but actually wait for it to respond before performing<br />
the save. After a successful save, the host is<br />
automatically directed to continue. This process<br />
may be repeated indefinitely. Lost data during send<br />
is virtually eliminated by the widest variety of send<br />
options available in any communications software.<br />
"The Professionals" ensure fast, reliable data transfer<br />
of any valuable business information.<br />
Authors<br />
Q. Does your line of work involve sending written<br />
material to others? Are you a program author who<br />
would like to send work in progress to a partner or<br />
client and know that it arrived intact? What would<br />
the ability to instantly send material or programs to<br />
anyone at any time be worth to you?<br />
A. "The Professionals" provide the ideal way to send<br />
your articles, manuscripts, reports, programs and<br />
technical documents to another computer with<br />
phone line access. Now you can work WHEREVER<br />
you want, and be assured that your data is sent to its<br />
destination quickly and error-free. In fact, compared<br />
to the fastest mail services, "The Professionals" offer<br />
immediate delivery and will save you the purchase<br />
price in just a few uses.<br />
Students<br />
a. Are you bothered by limited acces::. to your school's<br />
existing terminals? Would you like to be able to do<br />
your school assignments at home at your own convenience?<br />
A. "The Professionals" allow you to access virtually<br />
any dial-up school or college computer system over<br />
standard telephone lines. This means no more<br />
waiting in line for an available terminal or hassles<br />
with malfunctioning school equipment. You can<br />
even prepare term papers or reports while off-line<br />
and send the completed work to the school computer<br />
for final printing. Best of all, you can work from<br />
home at the times most convenient for you.<br />
·cP/M is a trademark of Digital Research.<br />
<strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong>Apple is a trademark of Apple Computers, Inc.<br />
A. "The Professionals" allow you to send files which<br />
have been prepared in advance. They may then be<br />
transferred at any time, as quickly as possible -<br />
even to several different systems. No time is<br />
wasted reviewing information while on line; data may<br />
be captured by your computer or printer (or both) to<br />
be evaluated later at your convenience. These features<br />
assure minimum on-line time and therefore<br />
minimum on-line cost.<br />
"The Professionals" introduce macros that are more<br />
sophisticated than anything previously seen in communications<br />
software. These "hand-shaking" macros<br />
allow you to perform complete multi-stage log-on<br />
sequences automatically; all you do is specify the<br />
system to be called. This eliminates sign-on errors<br />
and greatly simplifies operation of the entire system,<br />
not only for you, but for other less skilled operators.<br />
Bulletin Boards<br />
Q. Would you like to be able to take advantage of the information<br />
featured on local bulletin boards and information<br />
services such as The Source, CompuServe,<br />
Dow Jones, and others?<br />
A. "The Professionals" open the world of modem communication<br />
networks to you. There are already<br />
thousands of these systems and networks in use nationwide.<br />
"The Professionals" provide an ideal way<br />
of accessing these systems. All 80 column boards,<br />
external terminals (even the 40 column screen), and<br />
currently available communications devices are fully<br />
supported, including the Hayes Micromodem II and<br />
Novation Apple CAT. All standard baud rates - 110,<br />
300, 1200 and others - are fully supported; BAU DOT<br />
too, if your computer is equipped with the Apple CAT<br />
modem.<br />
Clubs<br />
Q. Are there other Apple owners with whom you would<br />
like to exchange programs or files, but have been<br />
unable to do so because of limitations imposed by<br />
the software you now use?<br />
A. Any two Apples equipped with "The Professionals"<br />
can transfer ANY type or size file with complete error<br />
checking and correction. All of "The Professional"<br />
packages are fully conversant with each other and<br />
operate almost identically. For the first time ever,<br />
you can transfer compatible files to an operating<br />
system different from yours - error free!<br />
"The Professional" Series - Excellence in Apple<br />
Communications Software<br />
D<br />
souttlwesteRn<br />
data systems<br />
P.O. Box 582-AO Santee, CA 92071 714-562-3670
Sl20 * ~ENTS. ENTRY "TAB" IS USED<br />
Sl30 * FOR ARBITRARY TABBING.<br />
Sl40 *<br />
6229- EE 03 60 SlS0 INC CONFLG CONTINUED LINE<br />
627E- 20 A0 EB S680 JSR $EBA0 FLOAT FAC<br />
622C- 18 Sl60 CLC<br />
6281- 20 34 ED S690 JSR FOUT BINARY->DEC<br />
622D- AD 0S 60 Sl70 LDA TABFOR (NR OF FOR 'S<br />
S700 XLINP2<br />
6230- 6D 06 60 Sl80 ADC TABIF + NR OF IF'S)<br />
6284- C8 S710 INY COPY DIGIT TO<br />
6233- 2A Sl90 ROL *2<br />
628S- B9 FE 00 S720 LDA $FE,Y BLANK-FILLED<br />
6234- 69 0S S200 ADC #S +s<br />
6288- 99 0A 60 S730 STA LINBF2,Y BUFFER<br />
S210 TAB<br />
628B- D0 F7 S740 BNE XLINP2<br />
6236- 48 S220 PHA SAVE TAB VALUE<br />
S7S0 *<br />
6237- cs 24 S230 CMP CH THERE YET?<br />
628D- 98 S760 TYA NR CHARS+2<br />
6239- 30 2B S240 BMI TAB4 -YES<br />
628E- 18 S770 CLC<br />
623B- F0 29 S2S0 BEQ TAB4 -YES<br />
628F- 69 0S S780 ADC #LINBF3 COMPUTE START<br />
623D- AS 24 S260 LDA CH TOO NEAR THE<br />
6291- AA S790 TAX OF S CHARACTER<br />
623F- C9 lE S270 CMP #30 RIGHT MARGIN?<br />
6292- A9 60 S800 LDA /LINBF3 FIELD IN THE<br />
6241- 10 23 S280 BPL TAB4 -YES, GET OUT<br />
6294- 69 00 S810 ADC #0 BUFFER<br />
6243- A9 A0 S290 LDA #$A0 -NO<br />
6296- A8 S820 TAY<br />
624S- 20 ED FD S300 JSR COUT PRINT BLANK<br />
6297- 8A S830 TXA (Y,A) -> BUFF<br />
6248- 68 S310 PLA TAB VALUE<br />
S840 *<br />
6249- D0 EB S320 BNE TAB (ALWAYS TAKEN)<br />
6298- 4C 3A DB S8S0 JMP STROUT PRINT IT<br />
S330 OVRFLO<br />
S860 *--------------------------------<br />
624B- 18 S340 CLC IS THE CURSOR<br />
S870 PAUSE<br />
624C- 6S 24 S3S0 ADC CH IN THE RIGHT<br />
S880 *<br />
624E- C9 28 S360 CMP #40 MARGIN?<br />
S890 * CHECK FOR KEY DOWN. IF SO,<br />
62S0- B0 01 S370 BCS OVRFL2 -YES<br />
S900 * WAIT UNTIL ANOTHER KEY DOWN<br />
62S2- 60 S380 RTS -NO<br />
S910 * BEFORE CONTINUING. IF CTRL-C,<br />
S390 OVRFL2<br />
S920 * CANCEL AND RETURN TO BASIC.<br />
62S3- 20 FB DA S400 JSR CRDO OVERFLOW TO<br />
S930 *<br />
62S6- EE 0S 60 S410 INC TABFOR THE NEXT LINE<br />
629B- 2C 00 C0 S940 BIT KBD KEY DOWN ?<br />
62S9- EE 0S 60 S420 INC TABFOR AND INDENT<br />
629E- 10 11 S9S0 BPL PAUSE9 -NO<br />
62SC- 20 29 62 S430 JSR INDENT EXTRA SPACES<br />
62A0- 20 S8 D8 S960 JSR ISCNTC<br />
62SF- CE IZJS 60 S440 DEC TABFOR<br />
CTRL-C CHECK<br />
62A3- 2C 10 C0 S970 BIT KBDSTR CLEAR STROBE<br />
6262- CE 0S 60 S4S0 DEC TABFOR<br />
S980 PAUSE2<br />
626S- 48 S460 PHA (MATCH PLA)<br />
62A6- 2C 00 C0 S990 BIT KBD DOWN AGAIN ?<br />
S470 TAB4<br />
62A9- 10 FB 6000 BPL PAUSE2<br />
6266- 68 S480 PLA TAB VALUE<br />
-NO, WAIT<br />
S490 TABS<br />
62AB- 20 S8 D8 6010 JSR ISCNTC CTRL-C CHECK<br />
62AE- 2C 10 C0 6020 BIT KBDSTR CLEAR STROBE<br />
6267- A9 20 SS00 LDA #$20 " " CHAR<br />
6030 PAUSE9<br />
6269- 8D 04 60 SS10 STA PREVCH<br />
62Bl- 60 6040 RTS<br />
626C- 60 SS20 RTS<br />
SS30 XOUTDO<br />
60S0 *--------------------------------<br />
6060 zzzzzz<br />
626D- 8D 04 60 SS40 STA PREVCH SA VE THE CHAR<br />
.EN<br />
6270- C9 00 SSS0 CMP #0<br />
6272- FIZJ F3 S560 BEQ TABS -NULL CHAR<br />
6274- 4C SC DB SS70 JMP OUTDO LIST IT<br />
S580 *--------------------------------<br />
S590 XLINPR<br />
5600 *<br />
5610 * PRINT THE LINE NUMBER RIGHT-<br />
"C<br />
...<br />
Ill<br />
..c:<br />
S620 * ADJUSTED IN A S-CHAR FIELD.<br />
5630 *<br />
~<br />
0<br />
6277- 85 9E 5640 STA $9E SET UP 'FAC' cu<br />
6279- 86 9F 56S0 STX $9F WITH LINNUM<br />
0..<br />
627B- A2 90 5660 LOX #$90<br />
0..<br />
<<br />
6270- 38 S670 SEC co<br />
-::t'
SYMBOL TABLE<br />
60AE- AMPER 61FD- LIS730<br />
6012- BANNER 6202- LIS735<br />
0024- CH 6213- LIS740<br />
00Bl- CHRGET 621D- LIS750<br />
00B7- CHRGOT 6226- LIS760<br />
6003- CONFLG 009B- LOWTR<br />
FDED- COUT D7D2- NEWSTT<br />
DAFB- CRDO DB5C- OUTDO<br />
60AB-- DOS 6253- OVRFL2<br />
009D- DSCTMP 624B- OVRFLO<br />
60BC- ERROR 629B- PAUSE<br />
D61A- FNDLIN 62A6- PAUSE2<br />
0085- FORPNT 62Bl- PAUSE9<br />
ED34- FOUT 6004- PREVCH<br />
6229- INDENT DEC9- SNERR<br />
6089- INIT DB3A- STROUT<br />
D858- ISCNTC 6236- TAB<br />
C000- KBD 6266- TAB4<br />
C010- KBDSTR 6267- TABS<br />
600A- LINBF2 6005- TABFOR<br />
6005- LINBF3 6006- TAB IF<br />
6008- LINBFR 6007- TXTFLG<br />
DA0C- LINGET 0021- WNDWTH<br />
0050- LINNUM 6284- XLINP2<br />
60CC- LIS010 6277- XLINPR<br />
60DF- LIS020 60BF- XLIST<br />
60E7- LIS030 626D- XOUTDO<br />
60F8- LIS040 62B2- zzzzzz<br />
<strong>•</strong><br />
6113- LIS050<br />
6115- LIS060<br />
612C- LIS100<br />
6138- LIS120<br />
614D- LIS200<br />
6153- LIS300<br />
6161- LIS301<br />
616E- LIS310<br />
61 73- LIS320<br />
6182- LIS325<br />
6194- LIS330<br />
619A- LIS332<br />
61A0- LIS334<br />
61A7- LIS340<br />
61AE- LIS350<br />
61BA- LIS360<br />
61Cl- LIS370<br />
61Cl- LIS600<br />
61D7- LIS605<br />
61DE- LIS610<br />
61E5- LIS700<br />
61F3- LIS710<br />
61F6- LIS720<br />
DOUBLE DOS Plus - a piggybac k<br />
board Iha! plugs inlo lhe<br />
d1sk ·conlroller card so !hat yo u<br />
can switch select between<br />
DOS 3.2 and DOS 3.3.<br />
PARALLEL PRINTER CARD<br />
A Universal Centronics type parallel<br />
printer board complete with cable and<br />
connector This unique board allows<br />
you to turn on and oft the high bit so<br />
that you can access add1t1onal feature<br />
in many printers. Use with EPSON .<br />
ANADEX , STARWRITER, NEC. OKI ,<br />
and other with standard Cen1ron1cs<br />
Jtll<strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong>f configuration<br />
$139.00<br />
~CH Mirror - Firmware for Novation Apple CAT II Modem.<br />
mulates syntax of another popular Apple Modem product with<br />
improvements. Plugs directly on Apple CAT 11 Board.<br />
List $39.00 - Introductory Price $29.00<br />
Dealer Dist. Inquires on all P ~oducts.<br />
olh
EDUCATIONAL USES OF THE COMPUTER<br />
by Ted Perry<br />
Educational Uses of the Computer<br />
The last few months have produced a number of new educa·<br />
tional magazines, the message of which is that the educational<br />
uses of the computer are beginning to flower. It is now possible<br />
to buy a computer solely for educational uses, and to find<br />
programs which legitimately justify the purchase. The time is<br />
ripe to explore some of the possible educational uses of the<br />
Apple.<br />
The educational uses of computers divide into two general<br />
categories: computer assisted instruction, and computer liter·<br />
acy. In this article we'.11 consider some of the computer assiste~<br />
instruction applications, saving computer literacy for a later<br />
article. Computer assisted instruction (CAI) can be further<br />
divided into subcategories, such as drill and practice, simulation,<br />
and problem solving. Some programs are written specifi·<br />
catty for CAI; others can be adapted for teaching purposes. The<br />
two extremes in CAI are drill and practice, and game-like<br />
simulations for the improvement of thinking skills.<br />
Drill and practice is what most people think of when the<br />
words" computer assisted instruction" appear. There is a place<br />
for the computer version of the flash card. My first original<br />
program was a multiplication game. It was easy to write:<br />
Generate two random numbers and their product;<br />
Print the two numbers and ask for the product;<br />
Compare the response with the known product;<br />
_;;-_c &.s.-~1 ~~~<br />
- -· -- ----- ~-<br />
~---====-=---=-:~:· :~::~.~::=:<br />
- . _.::;::.::.:~_:: ··~-<br />
_ _<br />
___....<br />
· ·----· ------~--<br />
..:..-~=-<br />
Provide appropriate feedback to the student.<br />
The program was used by my kids for more than a month,<br />
when I discovered that there could be more to CAI than straight<br />
drill; it was possible for the CAI program not only to conduct<br />
the drill and keep score, but also to save that information on a<br />
disk In this manner I could easily follow each student's daily<br />
progress.<br />
Milliken Math was one of the first commercially available sets<br />
of materials that included full lesson planning and data collection.<br />
Once I installed several sets of materials that included<br />
data collection; the computer was keeping the records, giving<br />
the children one-on-one practice, providing appropriate feed·<br />
back, and scoring the tests. The students (and their teacher!)<br />
were enjoying the fruits of the Apple.<br />
The students continued to enjoy trhe drill and practice as<br />
long as the problems were at an appropriate skill level, but I<br />
wanted more from the computer. I wanted to stimulate higher<br />
levels of thinking; I wanted the computer to teach problem<br />
solving.<br />
In the quest for problem solving software, I found the programs<br />
that simulate the sale of lemonade or crossing the U. S.<br />
in a covered wagon, but I wanted more: a generic problem<br />
solving curriculum. I have not yet found it (if you know of one,<br />
please contact me ... ), but I did discover the Adventure<br />
Game.<br />
For readers unfamiliar with adventure programs, take as an<br />
example the Princess and the Wizard, an adventure by On-Line<br />
Systems. As you boot the disk, you're greeted by beautiful<br />
Hi-Res graphics, in color. The graphics change continually,<br />
showing you your surroundings as you explore the environment.<br />
You explore by typing two-word sentences, one noun,<br />
one verb. e. g., "GO NORTH," "GET ROCK," "EAT APPLE,"<br />
etc. You start in a small town, and are told that you must rescue<br />
a princess, who has been kidnapped by an evil wizard. This isn't<br />
simple; if the adventurer takes the task lightly, he will "die"<br />
rapidly. Care and forethought are rewarded; for example, if you<br />
"GET ROCK" without looking behind it, you may be bitten by a<br />
scorpion, ending that adventure quickly and (for you) fatally. (A<br />
more thorough disussion of adventure games can be found<br />
in Apple Orchard, Fall 1981; back issues are available.)<br />
With these adventures, I have filled classrooms with creative<br />
problem-solving discussions at very high levels of thinking.<br />
Students have discussed the possible outcomes of innumera·<br />
ble actions, and have gotten to a point that it is hard to find a<br />
program that completely surprises them (Not bad training for<br />
today's world! -PC\.V) Creative essays have been written by the<br />
students about the adventures, and the adventures have been<br />
rated for both difficulty and creativity. Students get together at<br />
recess time to plan their next assault on the wizard's castle. I<br />
have accomplished my goal through the use of a set of programs<br />
initially meant for recreational purposes.<br />
The moral of my story is: don't look for educational programs<br />
only in the math section of your software supermarket.<br />
In future issues of Apple Orchard we'll explore the educational<br />
uses of the Apple; this is your magazine, for comments<br />
and/or contributions. Address your letters to Ted Perry, ED·<br />
SIG, c/o Apple Orchard.<br />
50 Apple Orchard
,,-;_<br />
~<br />
---.. . ~-...<br />
,~..... , AccuRec '<br />
the integrated Time Recorder/Wage Summary \<br />
I<br />
Program for Apple II business users:<br />
f >Easy to use. Enter initials and personal ID code \<br />
I<br />
to clock in and out.<br />
I<br />
I<br />
>Displays daily and weekly records.<br />
> Eliminate time-consuming 10 key conversion of time I<br />
cards into paychecks.<br />
>Prints an accurate record of attendance and a<br />
gross wages. 4'<br />
\ > Structure your workweek I<br />
an~ paydays. Set overtime $179 95<br />
variables. . 1 d h' . /<br />
f<br />
....,. > Id I t "th inc u es s 1pping<br />
' 'W!l: ea o use WI charges. , ~<br />
payroll software. (Calif.res. add 6%,..<br />
11'~;;,;:.oc;;:;";jl>;<br />
l~INDIVIDUALIZED OPERAND<br />
Io A Division of Cassidy Research Corporation<br />
P.O. BOX 3030, San Rafael, CA 94912 <strong>•</strong> (415) 459-3383<br />
Name _ ______________ ______ O check enclosed<br />
Address<br />
D rnef~~~~3~~ona l<br />
Attn.~~~~~~~-Phone~~~~~~~-<br />
Apple II is a reg. trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.<br />
ELIZA IS HERE!<br />
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HELLO, OPERATOR?<br />
(What's an Operating System Anyway?)<br />
by Joe Budge<br />
There is something eerie about<br />
computers nowadays: they're too<br />
quiet. All those brains packed in that<br />
tiny box, but the box just sits there. No<br />
lights flash, no bells ring. The fwapfwap-fwap<br />
of shuffling cards is gone,<br />
along with the whirr and click of flying<br />
tapes. Instead, you can occasionally<br />
hear a muted whisper from the<br />
disk drive. Progress, that password of<br />
the century, has eliminated the army<br />
of lights, buzzers, and switches that<br />
used to make us think of computers<br />
in capital letters. Progress, embodied<br />
in software, turned that cacophony<br />
into a silent hummm Software not<br />
only replaced the barrage of gadgets,<br />
it also supplanted the people those<br />
gadgets were built for. These were the<br />
"computer monitors," the anointed<br />
who told the idiot savant what to do,<br />
when to do it, and how to behave.<br />
They called themselves system operators.<br />
Programmers, showing their<br />
infinite capacity for cleverness, named<br />
the new software packages "operating<br />
systems."<br />
If a central processor is a computer's<br />
heart, then the operating system<br />
is its soul. The operating system determines<br />
every computer's personality.<br />
Give an Apple I 11 the software replica<br />
of the Apple II' s ROM-contained operating<br />
system. Poof! Like a transvestite,<br />
the 111 thinks it's a 11. Feed the 111 its<br />
own SOS, and it regains its own identity.<br />
Commands, capabiities, and restrictions<br />
vary widely between computer<br />
languages, but all of the<br />
behavioral differences come from the<br />
operating system. Take the example<br />
of printers and other plug-in devices.<br />
Apple Pascal always knows where<br />
these goodies are plugged in and how<br />
to work them. In contrast, the BASIC<br />
user must enter slot numbers, initiation<br />
codes, and other technical whatnot.<br />
But the difference lies in the<br />
operating systems, not the languages.<br />
So what is an operating system, anyway?<br />
Back in the old days, at least thirty<br />
years ago, there was no such thing as<br />
an operating system. Computers could<br />
only run one program at a time. T ypically,<br />
only a few input and output<br />
devices were attached to the electronic<br />
brain. The system operator, a<br />
human being, would load a deck of<br />
cards into a card reader, set the<br />
appropriate switches on the computer,<br />
and then punch the "GO" button.<br />
When the program was done, its<br />
output would appear on a printer,<br />
punched tape, or new deck of cards.<br />
The operator would retrieve these<br />
materials, then set up for the next<br />
program. Not only did this make for<br />
long days, but there was so much<br />
running around that the computer sat<br />
idle most of the time. With computers<br />
costing millions of dollars, this was<br />
simply intolerable. Why not include<br />
some extra cards with the program,<br />
some software, to handle the set-up<br />
and link in the next job? Such were the<br />
meager beginnings of the operating<br />
system.<br />
As computers grew in size and<br />
cost, it was discovered that the systems<br />
were still cooling their heels too<br />
often. The computer could compute<br />
about a thousand times faster than<br />
card readers could read, or printers<br />
could print. Well, why not let the computer<br />
work on several things at once?<br />
While one job was printing, a second<br />
could be running, and a third could be<br />
read. Just tack the extra control software<br />
onto the operating system. As a<br />
side benefit, the operating system<br />
learned how to work all of the peri·<br />
pheal, or plug-in, hardware. Programs<br />
didn't have to be as complicated or<br />
detailed as before. Thus, life became<br />
a bit easier for computer programmers.<br />
And then along came disk drives.<br />
All of a sudden, data access could be<br />
fast No one had to go get your card<br />
deck or tape any more; it was already<br />
hooked up to the computer. Since no<br />
one could type as fast as computers<br />
could compute, the gurus let several<br />
people type at once. Not to worry; the<br />
operating system kept track of who<br />
was doing what. They called ths new<br />
operating system feature "timesharing."<br />
Now, microcomputers are kind of<br />
simple-minded, as computers go.<br />
They don't have multiple users, virtual<br />
memory, time sharing, and all the<br />
other fancy features built into large<br />
computers. At least not yet. So the<br />
operating system in a microcomputer<br />
52 Apple Orchard
can be a lot simpler. Really, all it needs<br />
to do is keep track of what's where in<br />
memory, handle file storage, and<br />
make all the input and output devices<br />
work. How the operating system goes<br />
about this gives the computer some<br />
kind of "personality." Consider that if<br />
all the data files, programs, input, and<br />
output must go through the operating<br />
system, why then everything goes<br />
through the operating system. That<br />
piece of software is the principal power<br />
broker of the computer.<br />
To do its job, the operating system<br />
contains three categories of subprograms,<br />
which it uses to get differ·<br />
ent kinds of work done. The first<br />
group consists of the device drivers,<br />
which tell the haredware what to do<br />
and when. The drivers contain in·<br />
structions for putting characters on a<br />
screen, for making disk drives work,<br />
for sounding the bell, and all the other<br />
physical things a computer can do.<br />
As you can imagine, these are fundamental<br />
programs which the computer<br />
must have to operate. The second<br />
group of programs keeps lists of<br />
information; lists of what's stored<br />
where, lists of what programs are in<br />
memory, lists of where everything is in<br />
the computer. The third group of pro·<br />
grams is the interpreters for operating<br />
system commands. These take commands,<br />
figure them out, and determine<br />
which programs from the first<br />
two groups must run in order to follow<br />
the command.<br />
Each of the sub-programs in the<br />
operating system plays an important<br />
role in giving the computer its per·<br />
sonality. Apple DOS (Disk Operating<br />
System) disks, Pascal disks, and Apple<br />
/ / / SOS disks are physically identical.<br />
The only difference is that the list<br />
keeper in each operating system<br />
works in a different fashion. Since one<br />
list keeper doesn't know how another<br />
works, these three types of disks can<br />
only be used on the operating system<br />
they first came from. Other subprograms<br />
have similar effects. To list<br />
the contents of a disk, for example,<br />
the BASIC programmer with Apple<br />
DOS types "CATALOG." The inter·<br />
preter knows what to do with that<br />
command, and programs from the<br />
device drivers and list keepers are<br />
called into play to produce a catalog.<br />
In the Pascal system, on the other<br />
hand, the programmer must enter a<br />
special interpreter called a "Filer,"<br />
and then type "L" for "Listing," or<br />
"E" for "Extended Directory Listing."<br />
Since the operating system is all software,<br />
there's no reason why the same<br />
function in the two systems coundn't<br />
have been identical, but they aren't.<br />
The differences usually arise because<br />
one programmer thinks he has a better<br />
way, or needs to accommodate<br />
some special functions.<br />
(Note: there's more humanity in<br />
these machines than meets the eye.<br />
A computer's "personality" usually<br />
is not too far removed from the<br />
human who designed the operating<br />
May ·June 1982 53
system. For example, an error message<br />
could be "Syntax Error, " 'You<br />
goofed, Dummy," "Error 423G, " or<br />
"Please try again. " Which raises the<br />
question, To what extent is "artificial<br />
intelligence" merely our own reflection<br />
in an electronic mirror, rather<br />
than a new source? -PCW)<br />
Ideally, sub-programs in all three<br />
groups should be independent of<br />
each other. Then, if a computer owner<br />
decides to do something different<br />
with his computer, he must change<br />
only the appropriate piece. Want a<br />
new disk drive? Change the disk driver.<br />
Want a different character font on the<br />
screen? Change the screen driver.<br />
Want a different set of commands, or<br />
a new one? Change the command<br />
interpreter. The Apple///' s SOS works<br />
this way, which is the major advance<br />
in that computer (not four arrows on<br />
the keyboard).<br />
Sometimes the operating system is<br />
split up among many different pieces<br />
of software, however. In the Apple II,<br />
for instance, a program called the<br />
"Monitor" contains the sub-programs<br />
which work the video display and<br />
keyboard. Sub-programs which run<br />
printers are built into the interface<br />
cards you plug into the slots. Sub<br />
programs for the disk drives come in<br />
DOS. Some of the programs are built<br />
into the computer using ROM (readonly<br />
memory) chips, so they can't be<br />
changed; any major changes would<br />
instantly render most of your software<br />
or hardware useless. As a consequence,<br />
any changes must be<br />
"patched" in with awkward signals.<br />
This is why the Apple II BASIC programmer<br />
must start all DOS commands<br />
with a Control-D, for example.<br />
To get around this problem, Pascal,<br />
using the language card, turns off the<br />
Apple II' s built-in software. With the<br />
built-in software out of the way, new<br />
operating systems can work in the<br />
Apple II.<br />
There's even a trend afoot to add a<br />
new level of programs to the operating<br />
system. If you've ever played with<br />
Pascal, you know that the system<br />
software includes something called a<br />
"text editor." This is a program which<br />
lets you enter, edit, and save typewriting<br />
in the computer. The editor is<br />
there because you can't write a program<br />
without it. But it turns out that<br />
the editor has all kinds of other handy<br />
uses, not the least of which is word<br />
processing. Just a few years ago, this<br />
would have been called applications<br />
software. Guess what? Almost every<br />
operating system on a microcomputer<br />
contains some form of editor<br />
now. These range from the simple<br />
Escape-UKM commands of Apple II<br />
BASIC to the full-blown word processor<br />
that comes with the Osborne<br />
computer.<br />
The trend is leading toward simplification<br />
of the operating system from<br />
the user's point of view. Operating<br />
systems, you see, used to be written<br />
by programmers for programmers.<br />
But non-programmers are using computers<br />
now. Non-programmers have<br />
neither the time nor the patience to<br />
learn a long list of operating system<br />
commands. To overcome this hurdle,<br />
operating systems are starting to use<br />
menus, from which a user selects the<br />
program or function of his choice,<br />
just like choosing a meal in a restaurant.<br />
Special ways of pointing at the<br />
screen are being invented. In effect,<br />
the user will be able to point at the<br />
screen and say, "I want that." Who<br />
knows, one of these days, we might<br />
be able to figure out these machines.<br />
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54 Apple Orchard
THREE PASCAL "FEATURES"<br />
by Paul A. Sand<br />
It's often the case that what one person considers to be a<br />
bug in a program may be perceived as an unimportant<br />
quibble by someone else, or perhaps even a beneficial<br />
aspect. The saying, "That's not a bug, it's a feature!' is a<br />
relatively well-known epigram from the bizarre world of<br />
computer humor, showing that there can occasionally be<br />
disagreement about the seriousness of abnormal pro~ram<br />
behavior. In the course of writing a number of Pascal pro-<br />
LISTING 1<br />
program testmod;<br />
var<br />
a, b: integer;<br />
function imod(a, b: integer): integer;<br />
(* Return a mod b, standard definition *)<br />
var<br />
r: real;<br />
i: integer;<br />
begin<br />
r := a/b;<br />
i := trunc(r);<br />
if (r >= 0) or (i = r) then<br />
imod := a - b * i<br />
else<br />
imod := a - b * (i - 1)<br />
end;<br />
begin<br />
repeat<br />
write('Input<br />
readln(a);<br />
write('Input<br />
readln(b);<br />
writeln('a =<br />
writeln('b<br />
writeln('a<br />
writeln( 'a<br />
a:');<br />
b: ');<br />
writeln('imod(a,<br />
until a = 0<br />
end.<br />
' , a);<br />
' , b);<br />
mod b = ', a mod b);<br />
- b * (a div b) = ',<br />
a -<br />
b * (a div b));<br />
b) = ', imod(a, b))<br />
grams on the Apple II, I've come across three interesting<br />
quirks in the system that I haven't seen described before.<br />
Since you and I may not agree on the importance of these<br />
oddities, I'll avoid calling them "bugs," and you can draw<br />
your own conclusions.<br />
1) The .MOD Function<br />
Apple Pascal's MOD function behaves neither like the<br />
standard mathematical definition of MOD, nor like the definition<br />
given in most Pascal texts, including Pascal User<br />
Manual and Report by Jensen and Wirth. To demonstrate,<br />
we first need a little background.<br />
The conventional definition of the MOD function (see, for<br />
example, Knuth's Fundamental Algorithms, Page 38) is<br />
something like this:<br />
A .MOD B =A· B * FLOOR (A/B)<br />
(assuming B
here is: Don't always expect books to tell you what the<br />
computer is going to do.<br />
2) Real Number Input<br />
It's a frustrating thing to be forced to write your own<br />
routine to accomplish a certain task when you know.that<br />
such a routine already exists, but is inaccessible to you. One<br />
such example in the Pascal system is the conversion of a<br />
string of characters into a number. The system "knows"<br />
how to do the translation - it happens every time a value is<br />
typed in at the keyboard or read from a text file. But if you<br />
want your program to do the same thing, you'll have to write<br />
your own procedure to do it, because the system hides the<br />
procedure from you.<br />
Let's assume you want to write a routine to translate a<br />
string of characters into a real number. One of the things<br />
you should know while writing such a module is the smallest<br />
and largest positive real numbers the system can represent,<br />
so your routine can avoid over- and underflows. To determine<br />
these values, you might write a program like this:<br />
program readreal;<br />
var<br />
x: real<br />
begin<br />
while TROE do<br />
begin<br />
write('Enter x':);<br />
readln(x);<br />
writeln('x = ',x)<br />
end<br />
end.<br />
This program will blow up with a floating point execution<br />
error if you type in a number too large or too close to zero.<br />
With experimentation, you'll find that the largest real<br />
number Pascal can represent is approximately 3.40E38,<br />
and the smallest positive real number is approximately<br />
l.18E-38. Or, more accurately, these are the limits on the<br />
numbers one can enter using the READ procedure.<br />
A problem arises when you try to incorporate the smaller<br />
number into a program. If you use the lines:<br />
const<br />
TINY = 1.18E-38<br />
or even:<br />
IF X >+ l.18e-38 THEN ...<br />
. .. the Pascal compiler will ·(Kaboom!) self-destruct on<br />
attempting to translate the number. To be more precise, the<br />
compiler program itself will halt with a floating point execution<br />
error.<br />
What does this mean? Apparently, there are actually two<br />
different routines in the Pascal system for translating strings<br />
of characters into real numbers: one used by the READ<br />
statement, and one used by the compiler. And the routine<br />
the compiler uses will not translate some numbers which<br />
offer no problem to the other one.<br />
Here's an example of another symptom of having two<br />
different real number conversion routines:<br />
program realtest;<br />
var<br />
x: real;<br />
56 Apple Orchard<br />
begin<br />
repeat<br />
write('Enter x':);<br />
readln(x);<br />
writeln('x = ',x)<br />
until x = 2. 718281828<br />
end.<br />
Most programmers know better than to compare two<br />
floating point numbers for exact equality. But in this example<br />
we might reasonably expect such a comparison to work<br />
If you enter "2.718281828" the program should react normally,<br />
shouldn't it? Well, in Apple Pascal, it doesn't. The two<br />
different conversion routines translate the strings (in the<br />
program and in the READ statement) into two ever so<br />
slightly different floating point representations. The comparison<br />
fails, and the program continues on.<br />
There's no good reason why there should be more than<br />
one such routine in the Apple Pascal system. (The one you<br />
may have to write will be at least the third!) A major benefit of<br />
using a modular programming language like Pascal is that<br />
one can write a single reliable procedure to accomplish a<br />
given task, and use it in a variety of applications. The moral:<br />
Duplicated programming effort is not only wasteful, but it<br />
can lead to -er, "features"-<br />
in your programs.<br />
3)Real Number Output .<br />
We just discussed the frustration one feels when a routine<br />
must be written to do something the system already knows<br />
how to do. Another kind of pain results when the language<br />
texts and system documentation spell out in detail what. a<br />
given funtion does in different circumstances -.and th~n m<br />
practice the function actually does something entirely<br />
different.<br />
Such is the case with the standard procedures WRITE or<br />
WRITELN when they are used to output real numbers. Most<br />
texts, as well as Apple's own documentation, (see the Apple<br />
Pascal Language Reference Manual, Pages 36-37) describe<br />
the procedure as follows: The statement:<br />
WRITELN(X: W: D)<br />
... will cause the real number X to be written, after it is<br />
converted to a string. The optional variables W and D control<br />
the output format; Wis the minimum number of characters<br />
that will be printed, and D is the number of digits to be<br />
printed after the decimal point. .<br />
So far, so good. Consider the program m Listing 2:<br />
LISTING 2<br />
program testwrite;<br />
var<br />
w, d, i: integer;<br />
x: real;<br />
begin<br />
x := 0.123456;<br />
w:=20;<br />
d := 8;<br />
for i := 1 to 10 do<br />
begin<br />
writeln(x: w: d);<br />
x*·(lO*x)<br />
end<br />
end.<br />
'<br />
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minutes to specify, and minutes to produce.<br />
It's the combination of the easy-to-use<br />
reporting facility with its powerful forms<br />
emulator that makes Versa Form more than<br />
just a data base.<br />
You can use existing forms. With<br />
a simple output formatting module,<br />
VersaForm lets you overprint processed<br />
information to a pre-printed form, or to<br />
blank paper that becomes its own custom<br />
form. It even customizes your output to<br />
your printer's line spacing and number of<br />
characters per line, and can omit confidential<br />
data from final customer drafts.<br />
If you have a form, we've got the system<br />
and solution to higher productivity. Visit<br />
your local computer store where Apples<br />
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Based on the above discussion, we would expect something<br />
like the following output:<br />
0.12345600<br />
1.23456000<br />
12.34560000<br />
123.45600000<br />
1234.56000000<br />
12345.60000000<br />
123456.00000000<br />
1234560.00000000<br />
12345600.00000000<br />
123456000.00000000<br />
Instead, when we run the program, we get:<br />
0.123456M<br />
1.23456<br />
12.3456<br />
123.456<br />
1234.56<br />
12345.6<br />
123456.<br />
1.23456E6<br />
1.23456E7<br />
1.23456E8<br />
What's the problem here? Not only does Pascal fail to<br />
print the eight digits we requested after the decimal point, it<br />
also switches over to scientific notation after a certain point.<br />
And the extraneous "M" that appears after the first number<br />
is certainly a strange - er, "feature.'' I don't know what else<br />
to say about it. It seems that the output routines will display a<br />
maximum of six significant digits in a real number, presumably<br />
to protect the user from misinterpretinr the results of<br />
his/her program. The programmers who decided to implement<br />
real number formatting in this way no doubt had<br />
good reasons (in their own minds) for their decision, but the<br />
problem is that such behavior contradicts the documentation<br />
and most Pascal texts.<br />
So here's one possible solution to the problem; Listing 3<br />
is a simple routine to convert a real number to a formatted<br />
string, using the same parameters for minimum field width<br />
and digits after the decimal point:<br />
LISTING 3<br />
procedure rtos(var s: string; r: real;<br />
len, ndigits:integer);<br />
(* Convert real number (r) to a string (s) *)<br />
(* len = minimum field width *)<br />
(* ndigs = no. of digits after decimal pt. *)<br />
var<br />
negnum: boolean;<br />
sl: string[!];<br />
e, expo, i: integer;<br />
plO: real;<br />
begin<br />
s := I I ,<br />
' sl ! = I I;<br />
negnum := (r < 0.0);<br />
r := abs(r) + 0.5/pwroften(ndigits);<br />
expo := O;<br />
e := 32;<br />
while e > 0 do begin<br />
plO := pwroften(e);<br />
while r >= plO do begin<br />
r := r/plO;<br />
expo := expo + e<br />
end;<br />
e := e div 2<br />
end;<br />
for i := expo downto 0 do begin<br />
sl[l] := chr(trunc(r) + 48);<br />
s := concat(s, sl);<br />
r := 10.0 * (r - trunc(r))<br />
end;<br />
if ndigits > 0 then begin<br />
s : = conca t ( s, ' <strong>•</strong> ' ) ;<br />
for i := 1 to ndigits do begin<br />
sl[l] := chr(trunc(r) + 48);<br />
s := concat(s, sl);<br />
r := 10.0 * (r - trunc(r))<br />
end<br />
end;<br />
if negnum then<br />
s := concat('-', s);<br />
while length(s) < len do<br />
s := concat(' ', s)<br />
end;<br />
The routine could, for example, replace the statement:<br />
WRITELN(X: W: D);<br />
with the two statements:<br />
RTOS(S, X. W, D);<br />
WRITELN(S)<br />
Disclaimer: Listing 3 isn't meant to be a general-purpose<br />
real-to-string routine, just an indication of a possible solution.<br />
It doesn't take too much care in checking its input<br />
parameters, and it returns "noise" digits in the output string<br />
if one attempts to obtain more digits than Pascal can<br />
represent accurately. But enhancements to correct these<br />
features are easy to add; they are left to the interested<br />
reader.<br />
Conclusion<br />
I've tried to demonstrate three problems in Apple's<br />
implementation of Pascal. I don't want to make more out of<br />
it than is necessary; seen in the context of the whole Pascal<br />
system, they are relatively minor surprises that the majority<br />
of programmers will perhaps never come across. Apple<br />
Pascal, in my opinion, is still an excellent choice for software<br />
development.<br />
On the other hand, I don't want to minimize the seriousness<br />
of such language quirks. They are undocumented<br />
pitfalls that the programmer must discover and avoid, so<br />
they do make one's programming effort more difficult.<br />
They also damage one of Pascal's nicest benefits: its portability.<br />
A Pascal program written on the Apple can be moved<br />
(in theory) to another computer and run with relatively little<br />
modification, and vice versa. But deviations and -er, "features"<br />
like these can make such modifications much more<br />
difficult.<br />
58 Apple Orchard
UCSD p-System and UCSD Pascal are trademarks of the Regents of the University of Callforn1a Xen.0 F1le 1s a trademR;k of Sof Tech .M1crosystems, Inc ·Apple 1s'a registered<br />
trademark of Apple Computer, Inc IBM 1s a registered tra demark of International Business Machines Corporation CP/M is a registered trademark of 0 1g1tal Research, Inc
SEVENTH ANNUAL COMPUTER FAIRE<br />
by Amanda Hixson<br />
For the past several years we have<br />
been presented with the West Coast<br />
Computer Faire and Convention. This<br />
event is the brain child of Jim Warren,<br />
and has been a showcase for the<br />
computer enthusiast in the past. In<br />
fact, the Apple II computer was first<br />
introduced at a previous West Coast<br />
Faire. Little did anyone know, then ...<br />
Some of the prior shows have<br />
resembled crowded bazaars rather<br />
than sophisticated demonstrations of<br />
current computer products. This<br />
year's Show bore much less resemblance<br />
to a town square market place .<br />
than past shows. Certainly, there were<br />
the usual masses of computer fanatics,<br />
but this year's Faire contained<br />
some striking new elements. The most<br />
important was the concentration on<br />
the end user, and the increasing professionalism<br />
by both manufacturers<br />
and retailers.<br />
60 Apple Orchard
In the past, it had often been difficult<br />
to tell the buyers from the sellers.<br />
Much of this was due to the industry's<br />
lack of polish, and the quickness with<br />
which which the industry was developing.<br />
This year's Faire evidenced a<br />
maturation of both the consumers<br />
and the vendors present. No longer<br />
will we deal only with the blue-jeaned<br />
programmer; now we must contend<br />
with the slick Madison Avenue professional<br />
in the three-piece suit as he<br />
hawks the wares of various software<br />
and hardware houses.<br />
access) is around $500, and additional<br />
boards run around $}80 per<br />
station. The whole system operates<br />
with a number of hard or floppy disk<br />
systems.<br />
Not only does industry competition<br />
create a competitive basic price structure<br />
for the consumer, but it also<br />
creates the need for new product<br />
development and upgrading of already<br />
existing packages. This benefits<br />
those of us who already own systems<br />
because it gives us a wide variety of<br />
products from which to choose,<br />
whether they are completely new and<br />
different or just enhancements of currently<br />
available software. Some of the<br />
products generated for the Apple are<br />
the result of this process, and this<br />
year's Faire included some of these<br />
items. There were several printer attachments<br />
which created storage<br />
buffers for different Apple compatible<br />
printers, like the Epson line. Several of<br />
these buffers have the capacity to<br />
store up to 32K of information, and<br />
New Products and Prices<br />
This fierce competition in the<br />
computer industry will benefit the<br />
consumer for many reasons, the most<br />
important one being the lowering of<br />
prices for many types of computer<br />
products. Apple users became very<br />
aware of this as they made their way<br />
through the throngs and were confronted<br />
with items like Xebec's 5-<br />
megabyte hard disk system for less<br />
than $1500. (Xebec showed poor<br />
taste in their slogan, though; imagine<br />
"Join the Hardcore ... Forget the<br />
Applecore .... " Forget, heck!! -PC\.0.<br />
Also mentioned was a twenty-five meg<br />
51/.i'' hard disk system being developed<br />
by one of the industry frontrunners,<br />
with possible release by the<br />
end of the year. There was also a<br />
remote operating system for the Apple<br />
which could handle up to 127 remote<br />
Apples, and which was not proprietary<br />
to Corvus or any other single<br />
manufacturer's drives. The cost of the<br />
· initial system (two or three user<br />
May · June 1982 61
make it possible for the user to use<br />
the computer while the printer is print·<br />
ing reports or other information. One<br />
unit, the "Doubletimer," included an<br />
interrupt method for the Apple. These<br />
are very nice for people who often find<br />
they are losing valuable time because<br />
they have to wait for the printer to<br />
finish before they can resume data<br />
input. One version of this add-on even<br />
has an isolator with two external out·<br />
lets for attaching still more peripher·<br />
als to your Apple.<br />
Much of the software and hardware<br />
wasn't really new, but some of it was<br />
made available to other machines,<br />
like Versa-form for the Apple ///.<br />
Many programs and hardware which<br />
previously were not able to run on the<br />
Apple/// were available at this year's<br />
Faire. Unfortunately, still isn't as much<br />
as the Apple / / / user could hope for.<br />
One interesting sidelight was the<br />
combination of a / //, an ink-jet color<br />
printer, and noted artist Saul Bern·<br />
stein. Mr. Bernstein is working on an<br />
internal project for Apple Computer,<br />
and was doing portraits with a gra·<br />
phics tablet and light pen, much to<br />
the enjoyment of the crowd. (More on<br />
Mr. Bernstein is scheduled for our<br />
July-August issue.)<br />
Games<br />
An area of intrerest to many Apple<br />
users is in game software, which was<br />
present in great profusion at this<br />
year's convention. Games have been<br />
an area of frustration for many adults.<br />
Many claim that they attended this<br />
year's Faire to see the latest develop·<br />
ments in useful programs, and are<br />
annoyed by the game vendors who<br />
jam every aisle with groups of child·<br />
ren gathering around machines to<br />
watch their friends blast alien invad·<br />
ers, perform daring escapes and res·<br />
cues, and die a thousand deaths.<br />
Games abounded; and<br />
the kids were the<br />
experts.<br />
It was almost impossible to get<br />
close to machines where games were<br />
being played; but it seemed to me that<br />
many of the adults' real annoyance<br />
came from the fact that they wanted<br />
to play the games, and knew that<br />
most of the kids could beat the pants<br />
off of them, so they were too embar·<br />
rassed to play.<br />
The large number of games has<br />
created a real problem for manufac·<br />
turers because they must be highly<br />
innovative in order to stay ahead of<br />
their market. The short lives of many<br />
game programs make it very difficult<br />
for these companies to maintain in·<br />
terest in some of their products.<br />
Because of this, the consumer has to<br />
be very careful in selecting games.<br />
Slick packages often hide poor prod·<br />
ucts in this area. This marketing tech·<br />
nique is probably one of the hardest<br />
to penetrate, and special care should<br />
be exercised in buying game soft·<br />
ware. Many game programs for the<br />
Apple have similar names and very<br />
fancy jackets and trying to find the<br />
best of the lot is often difficult.<br />
Other Games<br />
The Seventh Faire could be called<br />
the Year of the Copycat. Many com·<br />
panies were displaying products that<br />
were very similar to products already<br />
on the market. The Franklin compu·<br />
ter purported to be compatible with<br />
most of the products available for the<br />
Apple, but did not come with any<br />
standard color capability. Color does<br />
not seem to be an insurmountable<br />
problem; it just takes the time and<br />
62 Apple Orchard
Apple to IBM Electronic 50, 60,<br />
75 Typewriters Interface <strong>•</strong><br />
Reads IBM keyboard in parallel<br />
with Apple keyboard <strong>•</strong> Supports<br />
the IBM code functions<br />
using an escape sequence <strong>•</strong><br />
Types at about 13 characters per<br />
second <strong>•</strong> Prints from Integer<br />
or Applesoft programs <strong>•</strong> Supports<br />
the "Control I Number N"<br />
parallel line length mode sequence<br />
<strong>•</strong> Has switch selectable<br />
upper/lower case 1/0 60,<br />
66, 78 continuous from feed<br />
page lengths, 40+video, 80, 95,<br />
132 character line lengths<br />
Suggested price $225.00<br />
TIMECARD Ill©<br />
Multi-function time utility for the<br />
APPLE Ill computer system.<br />
Contains the year of the century,<br />
the month, the date, the day of<br />
week, the hour, the minute, the<br />
second. <strong>•</strong> A countdown timer<br />
with a range of one millisecond<br />
to 999 hours, 59 minutes, 59<br />
seconds, 999 milliseconds <strong>•</strong><br />
Selectable 12 or 24 hour time<br />
formats <strong>•</strong> Diagnostic error<br />
reporting <strong>•</strong> Fully compatible<br />
with the APPLE SOS operating<br />
system<br />
Suggested price $195.00<br />
MODEL 150 TYPE<br />
AHEAD BUFFER<br />
<strong>•</strong> Up to 40 character type ahead<br />
capability <strong>•</strong> Enter commands<br />
or data while your Apple is processing<br />
previous instructions<br />
<strong>•</strong> Compatible with ali Apple<br />
computers, keyboards and<br />
software <strong>•</strong> No cuts - no<br />
jumpers - no software patches<br />
required <strong>•</strong> Includes complete<br />
instructions for quick. and easy<br />
installation<br />
Suggested price $49.95<br />
ASOO© FLOPPY DISK<br />
CONTROLLER<br />
<strong>•</strong> High speed OMA transfer of<br />
data (1 micro-second/byte) <strong>•</strong><br />
Documentation provided - includes<br />
theory of operation,<br />
schematics and diskettes <strong>•</strong><br />
Uses all standard Apple DOS<br />
commands (OPEN, CATALOG,<br />
LOCK, DELETE, LOAD, etc.)<br />
except for INIT which has been<br />
improved and enhanced in a<br />
Vista format routine <strong>•</strong> Compatible<br />
with Apple DOS 3.3,<br />
Pascal 1.1 and CP/M 2.2 (with the<br />
Z80 soft card by Microsoft)<strong>•</strong><br />
2K x 8 PROM contains Autoboot<br />
functions and all eight-inch<br />
y driver code allowi·ng<br />
complete compatibility with<br />
Apple DOS 3.3<br />
Suggested price $595.00<br />
PROM DEVELOPMENT<br />
SYSTEM©<br />
<strong>•</strong> Menu driven program dev,elopment<br />
monitor <strong>•</strong> Programs<br />
2708, 2716, 2532, 2732and 48016<br />
EPROMS <strong>•</strong> Simulates PROM<br />
from RAM 4K <strong>•</strong> Data and address<br />
interface for operator<br />
location and control <strong>•</strong> Complete<br />
user documentation<br />
Suggested price $495.00<br />
VISION 80<br />
<strong>•</strong> Full upper and lower case<br />
character with 3 dot descenders<br />
<strong>•</strong> 9x1 O dot matrix per line U.S.<br />
(9x11 Europe) <strong>•</strong> 128 ASCII<br />
character set <strong>•</strong> BASIC, FOR<br />
TRAN and Pascal languages<br />
supported <strong>•</strong> Z80'<strong>•</strong> and CP/M'<strong>•</strong><br />
comtible <strong>•</strong> Compatible with<br />
all standard Apple'<strong>•</strong> peripherals<br />
Vista COMPUTER<br />
COMPANY.<br />
INC.<br />
"Copyright 1981 Vista Computer Company. Inc.<br />
q Apple Computer Company, Inc.<br />
Shift and lock for upper and<br />
er case <strong>•</strong> Source switches<br />
tween 40x24 and 80x24 software<br />
and hardware <strong>•</strong> Rated #1<br />
video card by Softalk and Call<br />
. Apple<br />
Suggested price $395.00<br />
VISION 40<br />
Softscreen programmable character<br />
/generator card for the<br />
Apple 11 computer <strong>•</strong> Allows<br />
use of DOS tool kit upper/lower<br />
case character sets in Apple 40<br />
colu'mn mode <strong>•</strong> Permits creation<br />
of new alpha/numeric and<br />
graphic characters under Aminatrix<br />
<strong>•</strong> Ideal for non-English<br />
language applications <strong>•</strong><br />
Compatible with most popular<br />
word processing software packages<br />
Suggested price $195.00<br />
VISION 20<br />
<strong>•</strong> Cost effective ii Compatible<br />
with the latest Apple It <strong>•</strong><br />
Complete easy to follow installation<br />
guide <strong>•</strong> 120 day war·<br />
ranty <strong>•</strong> Immediate delivery<br />
Suggested price $29.95<br />
1317 E. Edinger<br />
Santa Ana, CA 92705 .<br />
(714) 953-0523<br />
'"Digital Research, Inc.<br />
e>Oesigned by Burtronix
effort to develop it. But the Franklin<br />
comes with standard 80-column upper<br />
and lower case letters. There was<br />
also a machine, very similar to the<br />
Apple, which was designed for the<br />
European market and had a European<br />
keyboard and fonts.<br />
Several companies went after other<br />
established machines. The Osborne I,<br />
last year's portable newcomer, was<br />
upstaged this year by the Otrona and<br />
the Keycomp II, new entries trying to<br />
grab a segment of the rapidly growing<br />
"sewing machine look alike" market.<br />
In addition to machine copies, there<br />
were also many add-on boards and<br />
peripherals which give one machine<br />
the characteristics of another. For the<br />
Apple, this meant the introduction of<br />
boards similar to those which run the<br />
IBM Personal Computer. Several<br />
boards of this type are available, and<br />
they give the Apple II access to pro·<br />
grams written for the IBM. That's an<br />
indication of why the Apple is still a<br />
very popular machine. It's possible to<br />
create so many peripherals which<br />
give the dedicated Apple user the ability<br />
to derive benefit from items developed<br />
for other machines. 8088, 6809,<br />
68000 (!)and other similar boards are<br />
evidence that the development of<br />
other system hardware will continue<br />
for Apple users.<br />
Professionalism is<br />
coming to the micro<br />
industry . . . at last.<br />
And From Here ...<br />
PROTECT YOUR APPLE*<br />
.... FROM OVERHEATING<br />
Did you know . ..<br />
<strong>•</strong> Your Apple can become very<br />
hot inside<br />
<strong>•</strong> A cooler Apple Is<br />
a more reliable<br />
Apple<br />
Many of the larger companies are<br />
engaged in closed door meetings to<br />
begin development of products designed<br />
to capture a large market<br />
share of the new market created by<br />
these machines. One area where a<br />
large concentration of effort is taking<br />
place is in the choice of operating<br />
systems for these new products. We<br />
will probably begin to experience a<br />
struggle between different oprating<br />
system development companies and<br />
will probably begin to see variations<br />
on UNIX, OASIS, and other in-house<br />
operating systems.<br />
Many people at the Faire expected<br />
to see a new 16-bit machine an-<br />
nounced by Apple. Even though this<br />
did not take place, there was a good<br />
deal of speculation. The machine is<br />
ready. It's not ready. It's ready, and<br />
they're developing an operating system.<br />
The operating system is finished.<br />
It's a hybrid of Apple / / /' s SOS. No, it<br />
isn't. Besides, that's a new operating<br />
system for the II also. Naahh. We<br />
won't know for sure until the information<br />
is released, but it's hard to believe<br />
that Apple Computer, Inc. will not<br />
make every attempt to retain their<br />
position in the market place, and it's<br />
becoming obvious that the 16-bit<br />
machine is the next step in micro evolution.<br />
The final word on the 7th Annual<br />
Computer Faire is that the micro<br />
computer industry is finally started to<br />
grow into the professional stage. Although<br />
the bulk of the merchandise<br />
was not new, it was presented in a<br />
much more accomplished way than<br />
ever before. Care was exercised in<br />
approaching the different consumer<br />
groups attending this year's show,<br />
and the percentage of new users was<br />
very high.<br />
It is becoming more apparent that<br />
the constant barrage of commercials<br />
aimed at the less sophisticated user is<br />
finally taking hold. We now know that<br />
the graphics displayed on television<br />
look very inviting to someone who<br />
has never experienced those generated<br />
by a mini or mainframe, and this<br />
year's show was well-stocked with<br />
persons there who had shelled out<br />
$15 per head to "just find about the<br />
things they had seen on TV." Care will<br />
be taken by hardware and software<br />
houses to bring slowly the noncomputer<br />
buff into active participation<br />
in the growing environment. More<br />
money is, and will continue to be,<br />
spent on cultivating the new user.<br />
As for those in the industry, we<br />
must now wait to see what the next<br />
twelve months will bring. We should<br />
begin to see the avalanche of 16-bit<br />
machines and hardware in the next<br />
year. We may have to wait for Faire # 9<br />
until we have any amount of software<br />
for these machines, but in the meantime<br />
we will be able to enjoy what is<br />
already here and the multitude of<br />
variations which will undoubtedly develop<br />
over the next year for the current<br />
crop of machines.<br />
64 Apple Orchard
APPLE/// INVOKABLE MODULES<br />
by Alan Anderson<br />
In the last issue we talked about how SOS calls are put<br />
into Assembly language programs, and how to link those<br />
Assembly language programs to Pascal programs. This<br />
issue, by popular demand, we'll reveal how to go about<br />
writing invokable modules to enhance the power of Business<br />
BASIC. The things mentioned at the end of last issue<br />
will appear next time (unless, of course, popular demand<br />
again dictates otherwise).<br />
But First, a Word 'from our Sponsor ...<br />
Great news for all us Apple I 11 programming hackers.<br />
The new edition of the Standard Device Drivers Manual is<br />
out, and it's superb. It includes in-depth (and I mean indepth)<br />
discussions of what each of the standard device<br />
drivers can do. The list of standard drivers includes .CON<br />
SOLE, .GRAFIX, .PRINTER, .RS232, and .AUDIO. The<br />
power in these drivers, particularly .CONSOLE and<br />
.GRAFIX, is incredible. The information included in this<br />
manual is extremely complete. We'll talk about some of the<br />
secrets it reveals later in this article.<br />
The PERFORMing Arts<br />
The ink was hardly dry on the preliminary Business<br />
BASIC Reference Manual (yep, they've upgraded that one,<br />
too) before the good old Apple II crew noticed that horrible<br />
oversight in the new BASIC: they left some things out,<br />
specifically PEEK POKE, and CALL. To Apple II programmers,<br />
this seemed like something very close to<br />
betrayal. The PEEK, POKE, and CALL statements meant<br />
unlimited expandability for Applesoft and Integer BASIC.<br />
Anything that couldn't be done in the high-level language<br />
could be written in Assembly language and linked to the<br />
main program with these statements. Their absence from<br />
Business BASIC seemed to mean that the language was<br />
forever locked up.<br />
Of course, that was not the case. Upon closer examination,<br />
the new BASIC had a couple of unfamiliar new statements:<br />
INV
If you read last issue's installment, you may remember<br />
that that article involved interfacing an Assembly language<br />
routine to an Apple/// Pascal program. The procedure and<br />
techniques we used were exactly the same as those used in<br />
Apple II Pascal. Those of you out there who are familiar with<br />
how Apple Pascal links up with Assembly language will see<br />
that the way invokable modules are created and used<br />
directly parallels the Apple Pascal technique. Therefore, I<br />
would highly recommend the Apple II Pascal Operating<br />
System Reference Manual chapter on The Assembler for<br />
some background material on writing Business BASIC<br />
ivokable modules.<br />
Getting Down to Details<br />
Alright already, enough discussion and reference. How di<br />
I do it? Glad I asked. Well, here goes.<br />
Assembly language routines which can be used from<br />
Business BASIC are written with the Apple // / Pascal system.<br />
In general, the code is created in the Editor, assembled<br />
with (surprise!) the Assembler, saved to disk, then used<br />
from the Basic program.<br />
Here's a nice bonus effect of having both Pascal and<br />
BASIC served by the same operating system and disk format:<br />
the same Assembly language routine can often be<br />
used by both BASIC and Pascal with little or no modification.<br />
As a demonstration of that claim, our first BASIC<br />
invokable module will use exactly the same Assembly language<br />
file as was used last time with Pascal, which prepares<br />
the system for a cold start. If you didn't enter the file last<br />
time, have since erased it, or (shame on you!) don't have the<br />
previous issue, I'll repeat it here, with instructions. (Back<br />
issues of the March-April 1982 issue of Apple Orchard are<br />
available.)<br />
First, enter the Pascal Editor, and type in this file: (some of<br />
the comments have been omitted this time)<br />
.PROC RESTART<br />
COLD_START .EQU 65<br />
$65<br />
BRK<br />
parameters<br />
;COLD_ST ART's<br />
number is<br />
;To signal a SOS<br />
call<br />
;Tells which call<br />
.BYTE COLD_START<br />
.WORD PARAM_TABLE ;Points to the<br />
PARAM_TABLE .BYTE 00<br />
para ms<br />
.END<br />
;see Mar-Apr Apple<br />
Orchard for details<br />
;COLD_START<br />
has no<br />
Then, leave the Editor and save the file by typing<br />
"QW.D2/RESTART', substituting a different disk drive<br />
name for .D2 if you wish. Then press "A" to assemble the<br />
file. Answer ".D2/RESTART" to the "Assemble what text?"<br />
question, using something other than .D2 if you didn't save<br />
to Drive 2 from the Editor. When asked "To what code file?",<br />
answer by typing a dollar sign. This will cause the output file<br />
to be called RESTART.CODE on the same disk as the<br />
source file. Press [RETURN! when asked for an output file<br />
name.<br />
Once the assembly has been finished, you should have a<br />
real, live, bona fide invokable module!. To prove it, boot your<br />
Business BASOC 1.1 diskette, then put the diskette with<br />
RESTART.CODE on it in the built-in disk drive. Type<br />
"INVOKE .DI/RESTART.CODE" to load the module from<br />
disk Then type "PERFORM REST ART' and watch the fun.<br />
Your screen should say "INSERT SYSTEM DISKETTE<br />
AND REBOOT' in 40-column text mode. You've just written<br />
and executed an invokable module! That wansn't so<br />
bad, was it?<br />
Now that you've got the basics of writing invokable<br />
modules, you should be able to handle the whole story,<br />
which appears in (ta-daa!) Apple's new technical note,<br />
Apple / / / Business BASIC and its Assembly Language<br />
Interface. This note should be available from the IAC soon,<br />
or write to the author (that's me) in care of Apple Orchard<br />
for more information on writing invokables or unlocking<br />
any of the other Apple / / / mysteries.<br />
For further information: be sure and read (and reread)<br />
your Standard Device Drivers Manual. It's got great gobs of<br />
goodies in there, and it will likely answer some of your<br />
favorite technical questions about the Apple //I- Also, the<br />
Apple / / / Pascal manuals are worht a perusal or two.<br />
And now, folks, it time to practice your invocations!<br />
May -June 1982 67
$<br />
1 2 S<br />
0<br />
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With ROM SOCKET<br />
COMPUTER PRODUCTS<br />
DESIGNING<br />
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COPYRIGHT © 1981 ·PATENTS PENOING<br />
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SUPER FAN II TM<br />
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COPYRIGHT.© 1981 ·PATENTS PENDING<br />
HOW TO HOOK IT UP: !) Clip it on your APPLE. 2) Unplug your 120V cable (you won't<br />
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two page panoramas with page 1 above or beside page 2.<br />
Print at any feasible scale factor!<br />
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<strong>•</strong> Append our procedures to your program or use our very<br />
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for<br />
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Simplicity. TERMINALL was designed from the<br />
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Complete software on DOS 3.2 diskette (Muffin to<br />
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<strong>•</strong> Built in parallel printer driver software.<br />
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The V100 interactive voice synthesizer<br />
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At Interactive Structures we've built our reputation on innova ·<br />
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TOGETHER, LOCKSMITHT; THE INSPECTOR<br />
AND WATSON GIVE YOU TOTAL CONTROL<br />
URversi·oAn PPLE AND ITS DISKS.<br />
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MACHINE LANGUAGE SPEED<br />
WHERE IT COUNTS ...<br />
by Bob tlacon<br />
IN YOUR PROGRAM.<br />
For the first time, Arnper-Magic makes it easy for people who don't<br />
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more library disks are in the works. Some routines on this disk are:<br />
Binary file info<br />
Delete array<br />
Disassemble memory<br />
Dump variables<br />
Find substring<br />
Get 2-byte values<br />
Gosub to variable<br />
Goto to variable<br />
Hex memory dump<br />
Input anything<br />
Hove memory<br />
Multiple poke decimal<br />
Multiple poke hex<br />
Print w/o word break<br />
Restore special data<br />
Speed up Applesof t<br />
Speed res tore<br />
Store 2-byte values<br />
Swap variables<br />
These routines and more can be attached and accessed easily. For<br />
example, to allow typing of commas and colons in a response (not normally<br />
allowed in Applesoft), you simply attach the Input Anything routine and<br />
put this line in your program:<br />
xxx PRINT "PLEASE ENTER THE DATE. " ; : & INPUT, DATE$<br />
&·MAGIC makes it Easy to be Fast & Flexible!<br />
PRICE: $75<br />
Formerly:<br />
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Call 'Information'<br />
&·Magic and Amper-Magic are trademarks of Anthro ·Digital. Inc.<br />
Applesoft is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.<br />
Also available<br />
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Executive Speller, Hebre\1 II and Hebrew II Plus, S-C Assembler, nuickTrace, Arnper - Magic,<br />
The Rent
'<br />
8<br />
© Copyright 1981, QUAD Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.<br />
The new programming aid<br />
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LIST<br />
PRINTS THE CU RRENT PROGRAM<br />
IN MEMORY ON THE SC REE N.<br />
CAN BE USE D IN DIR ECT EXECUTI ON<br />
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41<br />
A deck of 102 easy· to· read O·CARDS has all theApplesoft<br />
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LIST<br />
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LIST 150<br />
PRINTS LINE 150<br />
LIST-1 50<br />
PRINTS FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE PROGRAM<br />
UPTO LINE 150<br />
LIST 150-<br />
PRINTS FROM LINE 150TOTHE END OF THE PROGRAM .<br />
<strong>•</strong><br />
--------------------~-'NOTE : TO STOP A LISTING PRESS CTRL S<br />
TO RESTA RT PRESS S<br />
On the front side: Each command is boldly displayed, along with a<br />
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For revision 6 or older Apples (with RAM configuration blocks)<br />
-<br />
WILL THE REAL APPLE PASCAL PLEASE STAND UP?<br />
by Dr. Wo<br />
Once Upon a Time, there was only one Apple computer<br />
and only one implementation of Pascal for it. Indeed, many<br />
of you would probably agree with me that there was only<br />
one personal computer and one programming language in<br />
the world! (Note: Dr. Wo programs in Pascal. Which is a bit<br />
like saying that Carl Sagan watches stars. -PCW)<br />
Now, however, there are some new kids on the block.<br />
There is probably at least one other personal computer<br />
you'd love to hav~. But more important for Pascal pro·<br />
grammers, there are at least four different versions of Pascal<br />
running on two Apple computers: Apple Pascal 1.1 on the<br />
Apple II; Apple /// Pascal; Softech Microsystems' UCSD<br />
Pascal Version N.1, running on the Apple II and a passel of<br />
other computers, including the new kids, and Pascal MT , a<br />
CP /M based system covered in the March-April 1982 Apple<br />
Orchard.<br />
Will the Real YOU Please Stand Up?<br />
Now, what has this to do with you? Well, with personal<br />
computers looking more and more like appliances, in the<br />
sense that your Old Faithful Apple II may not be the only<br />
computer you'll ever own, the question is, how portable is<br />
your software? That's a valid question whether your soft·<br />
wai:e is purchased or home-grown.<br />
Of course, your need for portability should be determined<br />
by your objectives. What are you trying to develop for yourself?<br />
Are you writing programs for personal use, with little<br />
expectation of acquiring another machine on which they<br />
might run? Are you developing software tools and/or applications<br />
software for your own use or for sale on the open<br />
market? Do you want those tools and applications to work<br />
on as many machines as possible, or are they Applespecific?<br />
Are you investing a lot of your time on programs<br />
that you might like to run on another computer someday?<br />
And just how soon is "someday?"<br />
Let's Review<br />
We'll review three of these Pascals here and now, from<br />
two programming points of view. On the one hand, we'll<br />
look at them for developing tools for personal use, and on<br />
the other we'll look at them for developing applications<br />
programs and general purpose tools, hoping to run them<br />
on a number of machines.<br />
Most of the review is a comparison of Apple II Pascal and<br />
Softech' s Version N. The biggest differences, and the big·<br />
gest choices, are between these two. We note that there are<br />
differences between Apple II and Apple / // Pascals, and<br />
we'll note some of these as we go along.<br />
Apple II Pascal, Version 1.1<br />
This is the Apple Pascal 99 per cent of us know and love<br />
so well. Omitting some history, some additions, and some<br />
revisions, it is essentially the Pascal operating system developed<br />
by Prof. Ken Bowles at the University of California<br />
-San Diego (UCSD), to which Softech's Version N also<br />
corresponds. Apple Pascal is a delight to use, and has<br />
several features which aid software development and maintenance.<br />
Whatever I have learned about good (and bad!)<br />
programming, top-down design, modular program devel·<br />
opment, you name it, I have learned on my Apple using this<br />
system.<br />
There are additions to the UCSD standard Pascal system<br />
in the Apple implementation, the most outstanding of<br />
which is the inclusion of UNITs to aid in development of<br />
software libraries. They are the way to group proven, logically<br />
related data structures and procedures into a package,<br />
which can then be used in program after program. Even if<br />
you don't plan to use a set· of routines in more than one<br />
program, units are still powerfully useful. They are an aid to<br />
modular development, and can save you a lot of compilation<br />
time as you iteratively debug, improve, and refine a<br />
main program. Regrettably, it took me a while to realize their<br />
value.<br />
Four other features of the Apple operating system which I<br />
have found useful are the EXEC files, chaining, BIOS attachment<br />
utilities, and compiler options ·to· control the<br />
residency of units and program segments. With EXEC files<br />
we can drive the operating system and our programs from a<br />
script. And with the Attach utilities (available from the International<br />
Apple Core on a disk with booklet for $7.00) we can<br />
integrate all manner of peripherals into the operating sys·<br />
tern in a logical and consistent way.<br />
If you have some foreign (read "non-Apple") peripherals<br />
such as a Micro modem or auxilliary RAM card and have not<br />
investigated integrating them into your system using these<br />
attach BIOS programs, you're really missing a lot of fun<br />
-and probably using a lot of kludges to drive the peripheral.<br />
The attach programs are nice because they allow<br />
you to define an Assembly language driver for a peripheral<br />
and then access it from Pascal through the operating system's<br />
1-0 intrinsics. You can even pass parameters to the<br />
driver through the intrinsic "UNITSTATUS," meaning you<br />
can exercise complete control over your peripheral from<br />
May· June 1982 75
Pascal. (The Attach BIOS material was described and<br />
augmented in the Fall 1981 Apple Orchard.)<br />
Well and good: now what's missing from the Apple II<br />
Pascal? Currently, a program is limited to 16 segments or<br />
units, and the System Library can contain only 16 segments.<br />
That's an effective run-time total of 32 units or<br />
segments. These limits are at least inconvenient, and ofttimes<br />
more than that(!). The distinction between regular<br />
units, which count against a program's segment limit and<br />
must be explicitly linked to their host; and intrinsic units,<br />
which must be in a system library but do not have to be<br />
linked, seems arbitrary and annoying. As I develop more<br />
and more generally useful units, and use these units to<br />
break up my programs into logical pieces, I keep running up<br />
against these limits. That means a lot of library management,<br />
using this library or boot disk for one program, and<br />
that one for another, etc. I'd rather be designing and coding!<br />
It would be very nice indeed to eliminate regular units,<br />
making all units intrinsic, and eliminating the need for linking.<br />
It would also be nice to raise the limits on both the size of<br />
the System Library and the size of programs; or to introduce<br />
a program library facility by which a program could have its<br />
own library of intrinsic-type units.<br />
Although the EXEC feature is useful, full 1-0 redirection<br />
capabilities would be nicer and even more useful. What do I<br />
mean?<br />
Consider the following situation, which leads to a question<br />
I am often asked (so there must be others who would<br />
like this feature too). You have written a program which<br />
outputs to the screen. Next, you would like to run the<br />
program and have its output directed to a printer or a disk<br />
file. In effect, you would like to pass an output file name<br />
parameter to your program when you X( ecute the program.<br />
Can you do it? No ... and yes. That is, you can't pass a file<br />
name that way, but, as I'll show in a future article, you can<br />
redirect output using a trick or two to achieve a similar<br />
result. The point here is that the feature is definitely not<br />
present at the operating system level.<br />
Finally, there are certain software tools and programming<br />
aids that only Apple the Company can provide and which I<br />
feel they should provide, even if at a (moderate) cost. I've no<br />
doubt they must have and use these tools for their own<br />
development work; after all, we have been told that Pascal is<br />
Apple's chosen in-house development language. The tools<br />
are such that only Apple can assure they will remain useful<br />
as the operating system (and the Apple II) evolves.<br />
One such tool is the screen control unit, a unit to provide<br />
terminal independent screen operations including CLEAR<br />
SCREEN, ERASE LINE, text windowing, etc. If nothing else,<br />
such a unit would ease the problem of transporting Pascal<br />
software from Apple II to Apple I I I, to IV, or whatever.<br />
Another is a unit with routines to access and modify the<br />
system date (tied to a clock if present), the default volume<br />
name (the Prefix volume), and disk directories including file<br />
dates, wild card searches, etc. For one thing, this would<br />
grant every program that needs it the ability to list directories.<br />
Another tool which could be provided is a unit to convert<br />
strings to integers or reals, and back again. The built-in<br />
facilities for doing this are a bit flaky, and in many cases not<br />
very friendly. (See Paul Sand's article elsewhere in this<br />
issue.) The only fail-safe way to enter numeric data now is to<br />
allow the user to enter string data, ana then convert the<br />
string to the desired type. Apple the Company could help by<br />
supplying this stuff and seeing to it that the routines take<br />
advantage of how real data is represented on the host<br />
machine, including the number of bytes used to represent<br />
reals.<br />
Apple I I I Pascal<br />
There are some significant differences between the<br />
Apple II and Apple I I I Pascal systems, because Apple I 11<br />
Pascal is an improvement and a strict superset of Apple II<br />
Pascal. With only a few minor modifications, like changing<br />
control character values to make MISCINFO compatible<br />
with SOS, Apple II Pascal will run on the Apple I I/. Moving a<br />
program from the I 11 to the II, however, doesn't come as<br />
easily.<br />
One difference is that SOS-Apple 111 Pascal can maintain<br />
hierarchical directories. The Apple II cannot, of course, and<br />
any programs which rely on this feature will not be portable.<br />
A major strength of the Pascal language is the ability and<br />
requirement to classify variables by types. All variables must<br />
be declared to be of a type, and that identification specifies<br />
its permissible values and the operations that can be performed<br />
with it. Unfortunately, this strength turns out to be a<br />
hindrance when trying to develop libraries of general<br />
procedures to operate on arrays. Apple 111 Pascal has<br />
provided a partial solution to this dilemma with the inclusion<br />
of two new datatypes, "bytestream" and "wordstream,"<br />
which can be used to type variable parameters in procedures.<br />
To illustrate, consider the following Apple 111 example:<br />
PROGRAM example;<br />
VAR<br />
a<br />
b<br />
ARRAY[1..100] OF INTEGER;<br />
ARRAY[25 .. 74] OF INTEGER;<br />
FUNCTION sum (VAR data : wordstream ;<br />
n : integer) : INTEGER;<br />
VAR<br />
x, i INTEGER;<br />
BEGIN<br />
x : 0<br />
FOR<br />
sum<br />
END;<br />
x· '<br />
BEGIN<br />
WRITELN<br />
WRITELN<br />
END.<br />
0 to n DO x<br />
(sum (a , 100));<br />
(sum (b, 50));<br />
x<br />
data[iJ;<br />
76 Apple Orchard
GREAT LAKES DIGITAL RESOURCES IS PROUD TO ANNOUNCE...<br />
Choosing the right RAM board<br />
for your Apple II Computer<br />
is easy as 1, 2, 3.<br />
1. The 64K and 128K RAM boards from Legend Industries are the original<br />
large memory boards for the Apple. They a re the m ost widely used a nd best<br />
tested. The 64KC and 128KDE are far more versatile than any of the le sser<br />
capacity boards that you can buy for the Apple 11. For example - Up to 145K<br />
VISICALC models can be created using the VC PLUS program. Disk Emulation,<br />
Memory Master, and many application programs use these RAM boards.<br />
2. Legend Industries is dedicated to providing more programs that use the<br />
64KC AND 128KDE RAM boards. When you write a program that is used as a<br />
part of the product or is offered as a commerc ial product from Legend Industries<br />
they will refund in full the purchase price of the board. This policy a lso<br />
applies to providing patches to commercial software so that they can use the<br />
expanded capacity of the 64K and 128K RAM boards from Legend.<br />
3. The warranty on the 64KC and 128KDE has been extended to 1 year. It<br />
has been a year since the 64K RAM board was introduced by Legend Industries.<br />
This experie nce has p roven our confidence in the product and the technology<br />
tha t we introduced.<br />
AFTER CONSIDERING THESE POINTS CHECK THE PRICE<br />
64KC - 64K DYNAMIC MEMORY BOARD FOR THE APPLE II<br />
DISK EMULATION SYSTEM - 2 64KC RAM CARDS WITH DISK<br />
EMULATIO N SOFTWARE, MEMORY MASTER, AND VC PLUS<br />
128KDE SOFT DISK - 128K DYNAMIC MEMORY BOARD WITH DI SK<br />
EMULATIO N SOFTWARE, MEMO RY MASTER, AND VC PLUS<br />
VC PLUS- CREATES UP TO 145K WORKSPACE IN VISICALC<br />
DISK EMULATOR 2.1 - SIMULATES FAST DISK DRIVES ON THE<br />
APPLE II (REQUIRES 1-6 64KC)<br />
PASCAL SOFT DISK EMULATOR - SIMULATED FAST ACCESS<br />
DRIVES FOR APPLE PASCAL l.l (REQUIRES 64K OR 128KDE)<br />
LEGEND LCG 1 & 2 - LOWER CASE GENERATOR FOR APPLE II<br />
MEMORY MASTER 1.1 - MEMORY MANAGEMENT FOR THE APPLE II<br />
$349.<br />
$700.<br />
$750 .<br />
s 34.95<br />
' s 49.95<br />
s 49.95<br />
s 49.95<br />
s 34.95
In this example, one function serves to sum the elements<br />
in arrays of different types. This is not possible in Apple II<br />
Pascal, so any programs on the Apple/// would have to be<br />
modified for use on the II.<br />
UCSD Pascal, Version IV<br />
Where do I begin? Get this:<br />
In General:<br />
* Compiler option selectable native code generation;<br />
A third difference between the Pascals is the larger<br />
number of effective segments allowed in the Apple // /<br />
program. Each such program is permitted 16 segments or<br />
regular units, 16 units from the System Library, and 16<br />
intrinsic units from a program library for a total of 48 segments<br />
or units! If you get accustomed to this feature, you<br />
will have trouble moving your programs to an Apple II.<br />
* Double precision real arithmetic;<br />
* An enhanced System Editor including "tabstop," "exchange<br />
delete," and "exchange insert" commands;<br />
* Complete freedom to redirect program and system 1-0<br />
from the X( ecute command line and from within programs;<br />
* Up to 256 units or segments per program, all units intrinsic,<br />
no linking;<br />
One way to solve potential portability problems is to<br />
program to the lowest common denominator; to not use<br />
the" new" features of the more powerful machines. Another<br />
way is to abandon the Apple II entirely; after all, you probably<br />
so.Id it to get the money to buy the ///, right? Better, in my<br />
opinion, would be to implement these features for the II.<br />
(C'mon, guys, you can do it!) Arid while we're at it, why not<br />
kick in a type "realstream," or better yet, conformant arrays,<br />
the generalization of these "streams."<br />
* A program's units can reside in any library;<br />
* Every library has room for 256 units;<br />
* File variables allowed in the interface section of units,<br />
segment procedures allowed in the implementation section<br />
(not possible in the Apple Pascals);<br />
* Units can use other units in their implementation section<br />
as well as in their interface;<br />
* Turtlegraphics. Not source code compatible with Apple's.<br />
Some of my friends rather strongly disagree with me<br />
here. They like what they have on the II, and aren't interested<br />
in seeing it changed. You may agree with them. In fact, you<br />
may not care at all. Again, it depends on you and your goals.<br />
* Chaining;<br />
* A " screen ops" unit to control the screen, including access<br />
to the system date;<br />
78 Apple Orchard
TASC: The Applesoft Compiler.<br />
It turns your Apple into<br />
a power tool.<br />
Step up to speed. TASC, the Applesoft Compiler,<br />
converts a standard Applesoft BASIC program<br />
into super-fast machine code. By<br />
increasing program execution speed<br />
up to 20 times, Microsoft gives<br />
you a power tool for Applesoft<br />
BASIC programming.<br />
Highest capacity available.<br />
TASC w ill compile and run<br />
larger programs than any<br />
other Applesoft Compiler. As a<br />
disk-based system, it doesn't<br />
require t he simultaneous presence<br />
of compiler and program<br />
in memory. The memory you save<br />
allows you to compile significantly<br />
bigger programs.<br />
Power without bulk. Code expansion of up to 100%<br />
severely restricts other compilers. TASC's special<br />
code compression schemes typically limit code<br />
expansion to only 25%. You'll really appreciate that<br />
with complex programs or programs that utilize<br />
Apple's hi-res graphic pages.<br />
More BASIC power. TASC's powerful new<br />
commands increase Applesoft BASIC programming<br />
capability. Chain with COMMON allows compiled<br />
programs to share variables, so a main menu<br />
<strong>•</strong>Applesoft is a trademark of Apple Computer. Inc.<br />
supports several programs in a<br />
"..;'~ single runtime environment.<br />
',._ TASC's True Integer Arithmetic<br />
and Integer FOR ... NEXT<br />
capa bilities maximize the execution<br />
speed of compiled programs.<br />
TASC's near total compatibility<br />
w ith Applesoft speeds compilation<br />
of existing programs<br />
with little or no modification.<br />
What about mistakes? You<br />
perfect your programs interactively<br />
with Applesoft. If some<br />
<strong>•</strong> thing does slip by, TASC recovers<br />
from errors discovered in compilation<br />
and traps all runtime errors. It even permits<br />
graceful interruptions during compilation.<br />
See for yourself. Ask for a demonstration of<br />
TASC at your Microsoft dealer. Discover the software<br />
package that turns your Apple into a power tool.<br />
A Division of Microsoft Inc.<br />
10700 Northup Way <strong>•</strong> Bellevue. WA 98004
80 Apple Orchard<br />
<strong>•</strong> An interactive, symbolic debugger;<br />
<strong>•</strong> Full support of duplicate directories, including "markdup·<br />
dir," "copydupdir," and "recover" programs (See Dr. Wo's<br />
column in the Winter 1981 Apple Orchard .PCW)<br />
<strong>•</strong>Various other utilities including a P-code disassembler and·<br />
the famed "patch" program, a byte-level editor;<br />
<strong>•</strong> BIOS attachment utilities;<br />
<strong>•</strong> Primitives for concurrent processing and interrupt<br />
handling;<br />
<strong>•</strong>A variety of new memory management procedures which<br />
should facilitate development of routines for processing<br />
arrays;<br />
<strong>•</strong> Memory management procedures for controlling the<br />
residency of segments and units under program, as<br />
opposed to compiler, control;<br />
<strong>•</strong> Extended system memory management so that application<br />
programs can make use of the larger memories in the<br />
coming computers;<br />
And ...<br />
<strong>•</strong>Complete portability of software between the Apple 11, Z-80<br />
machines, the IBM-PC, 68000-based machines, 6809 machines,<br />
Tl 9900 machines, LSI-11/PDP-l 1, ... and others.<br />
Specific to the Apple II<br />
<strong>•</strong>* Drivers included for a variety of peripherals, including all of<br />
the standard Apple ones and Micro-Sci floppies, SVA 8-inch<br />
floppy disk controller, lower case adapters, CCS serial card,<br />
SSMAIO serial card and Sup'R'Term, Smartterm,Videx, and<br />
Double Vision boards;<br />
<strong>•</strong> A completely relinkable BIOS which allows you to take<br />
advantage of the above-mentioned drivers;<br />
<strong>•</strong> A configuration utility which allows you to set such<br />
parameters as whether you have installed a jumper to enable<br />
true shift key operation from the Apple II keyboard.<br />
Going Down<br />
I like this system. I like it a whole lot. But it's not the best<br />
system if all you'll work with is the Apple 11; it works better on<br />
other computers. What's the down side?<br />
The Version IV system is noticeably slower on the Apple II<br />
than is Apple Pascal. This is because the system architecture<br />
is quite different and because the system is heavily<br />
swapped, leading to more disk 1-0 than with Apple Pascal.<br />
This system will be very hard to use with only(!) two disk<br />
drives, not only because of the swapping mentioned above,<br />
but also because the SYSTEM.PASCAL file is much larger<br />
than the Apple Pascal version. The score is UCSD 84 blocks<br />
without debugger, Apple 41 blocks. So there's less space<br />
on the boot disk<br />
Consider this: the System Filer is now segmented; not all<br />
of it resides in memory at once. You will swap disks while<br />
using the Filer, even on a two-drive system. This can be<br />
tricky, or inconvenient, or both.<br />
The Version IV system as marketed by Softech sells for<br />
$750 (not including the RAM card), which is more than<br />
Apple Pascal. Surprised? Don't be. Remember, Apple the<br />
Company sells hardware, and software to sell hardware;<br />
Softech sells ... software. We also don't know the details of<br />
the licensing agreements with the Regents of UC, etc. The ·<br />
price difference is substantial. So are the differences<br />
between the operating systems. Which system is for you? I<br />
can't answer that question for you, but I can answer it for<br />
myself.<br />
Let's suppose I was an experienced BASIC programmer,<br />
had an Apple II with two floppy drives, and was about to<br />
purchase Pascal for the first time. The choice is Apple<br />
Pascal hands down; there's plenty of room to grow into this<br />
system and to learn some very exciting things.<br />
Now suppose I was an advanced hobbyist; a reasonably<br />
experienced Apple Pascal programmer looking forward to<br />
upgrading my system by hanging on an 8086 processor<br />
with 128K RAM on board, and a mini-Winchester hard disk I<br />
don't know that I'd rush out and get Softech' s Pascal, or the<br />
CP / M MT+ discussed in the March-April 1982 Apple<br />
Orchard, but I sure would be wondering who is going to<br />
bring up Pascal on my new processor and how, and what<br />
version they plan on using. I'd hope for the best: both<br />
operating systems making full use of my new computer's<br />
capabilities.<br />
Or, suppose I was a cottage industrialist, developing<br />
applications software and hoping to reach the broadest<br />
possible customer base in the shortest time. Softech's Pascal<br />
would be worth having; sitting in front of my Apple, I<br />
could write programs for any number of machines, availing<br />
myself of all of the powerful features of the new operating<br />
system. I would use Apple Pascal, or the appropriate subset<br />
of it in Softech, when trying to reach the Apple market<br />
specifically. Apple's Pascal is faster, as it's tailored for the<br />
Apple machines.<br />
Finally, let's say I was trying to write software for tomorrow's<br />
computers today. Choice: Softech, going away. New<br />
machines will be far better equipped for emulating the<br />
P-machine than today's Apple II, and will obviate the downside<br />
analysis given above.<br />
Who are You?<br />
The whole point is, that there is a tradeoff analysis which<br />
you must make. Maybe you' re a cynic who believes that new<br />
machines won't be logically thought out in terms of P·<br />
machine capability (History is on the side of the cynic, as<br />
usual. .PCW) Well, on one end of the spectrum is portability,<br />
on the other is the speed and smoothness that comes from<br />
custom-tailoring to the machine architecture. Only you can<br />
say.<br />
Indeed, what have you to say? what are your interests and<br />
objectives? If you' II let me know, I'll try to point my pen ... er,<br />
keyboard, in your direction.
P1'ESidE11t's MEssatE<br />
Ken Silverman<br />
President, International Apple Core<br />
One of the questions most often<br />
asked by Apple owners and Apple<br />
User Groups is, "What is the International<br />
Apple Core and what can it do<br />
for me?" We try to answer this question<br />
in this space every so often, so<br />
here goes:<br />
The International Apple Core (IAC)<br />
is a non-profit organization composed<br />
of Apple computer User Groups<br />
throughout the world. It was formed<br />
to disseminate all types of information<br />
from Clubs, Apple Computer,<br />
Inc.; and other manufacturers of related<br />
hardware and software; this<br />
includes written information and public<br />
domain software. Of course, we<br />
publish the Apple Orchard, and all of<br />
our memberships include a subscription.<br />
Only the Full and Sponsoring<br />
members receive the software in<br />
addition to the written information,<br />
usually one disk per month; Associate<br />
members receive only the written<br />
information.<br />
The IAC's polic;ies are set by a<br />
Board of Directors that at this time<br />
has eight members from the United<br />
States (two from each of four regions);<br />
and a member each from Canada,<br />
Europe, and Australia. A full list appears<br />
on Page 4 of this magazine. The<br />
IAC, what it is, what it does, and how it<br />
does it, is directly set up by the<br />
member groups through this mechanism.<br />
You can get more detailed<br />
information by contacting the Direc·<br />
tor in your area. Note too that an<br />
application blank appears in this<br />
magazine.<br />
Full Membership<br />
Full membership is open to clubs<br />
(groups), and not to individuals; we<br />
represent the individual user through<br />
the Clubs. The Clubs are the principal<br />
reason for the IAC' s existence, and we<br />
provide many services beyond information<br />
dissemination. There is a<br />
Newsletter Exchange co-ordinator for<br />
swapping of publications between<br />
clubs. The Software Librarian collects<br />
and disseminates public domain software.<br />
We support Special Interest<br />
Groups, and the Clubs' efforts at<br />
same; examples are Education, Ham<br />
Radio, Handicapped Persons,<br />
Medical.<br />
Only Full members may nominate<br />
and vote on directorships, and vote<br />
on other issues pertinent to the business<br />
of the IAC. Membership is open<br />
to all Clubs, if those Clubs have an<br />
open membership policy. Annual<br />
dues are $50.00 (US) per year.<br />
Sponsors<br />
Manufacturers and other software<br />
companies having business related to<br />
Apple computers need timely access<br />
to information that the IAC distributes.<br />
Conversely, the IAC's members<br />
all benefit from the input provided by<br />
sponsors; we encourage such participation.<br />
The Sponsoring membership is tailored<br />
for commercial interests; quite<br />
frankly, the higher dues also help the<br />
IAC's financial condition. Sponsoring<br />
membership is open to all corporations<br />
and individuals who wish it. The<br />
annual membership fee is $2QO per<br />
year.<br />
Associate Memberships<br />
The Associate Membership was<br />
created to help educational, research,<br />
and charitable . institutions that have<br />
an interest in Apple Computers.<br />
Associate memers receive only the<br />
printed materials sent to members,<br />
and have no vote in business matters.<br />
Associates are engouraged to give us<br />
input, . and to organize a Club which<br />
would be eligible for Full membership.<br />
Further information on Associate<br />
membership eligibility and criteria will<br />
be supplied upon submission of an<br />
application. Associate Membership is<br />
free.<br />
Whatever the membership category,<br />
we encourage your participation<br />
in the IAC, and better relationships<br />
between people and their Apples<br />
everywhere.
APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP<br />
Name of Organization<br />
Mailing Address<br />
Street:<br />
City: -------------~Zip: _________<br />
----------------- State:<br />
Country:<br />
(If the above is a post office box, please supply a street address below where parcels may be sent.)<br />
OFFICERS OR OFFICIALS<br />
NAME<br />
PHONE (area code & number)<br />
President:<br />
Treasurer:<br />
Editor:<br />
Other: -------------------------------------------<br />
(Please check above the name of the IAC contact person).<br />
For Club~:<br />
Terms Expire:<br />
Number of Members: ------- Remittance enclosed :<br />
Make check or money order payable in U.S. dollars to<br />
II .- ~ · II<br />
International Apple Core .<br />
(Return application and remittance to the International Apple Core, P.O. Box 976, Daly City, California 94017, USA.)<br />
Check appropriate categories below:<br />
FULL MEMBERSHIP is available only to Apple User's groups. A $50.00 membership fee must accompany this<br />
form. Please indicate the time and place of your regular meetings:<br />
ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP applicants must provide evidence that they are nonprofit institutions. There is no<br />
membership fee.<br />
SPONSORS: Please indicate the name, position, and telephone number. of the person in your organization responsible<br />
for liaison with the IAC. The Sponsoring Membership fee is $200.00.<br />
Please add 15% to your fees if your organization is overseas and you would like all material sent International Air<br />
Mail.<br />
International Apple Core, 910 A George St., Santa Clara, CA 95050
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SUP'R'FAN<br />
<strong>•</strong> Fits inside the APPLE II case<br />
<strong>•</strong> Powered by 117VAC and does not depend on the<br />
Apple Power Supply<br />
<strong>•</strong> Brushless AC Motor for no electrical noise<br />
<strong>•</strong> Does not interfere with all present Apple Peripherals<br />
<strong>•</strong> Mounts with one screw- no drilling required<br />
<strong>•</strong> Will not interfere with magnetic media such as metal<br />
cased monitors or disks in close proximity (less than<br />
Y2 gauss)<br />
<strong>•</strong> Lowers IC surface temperatures<br />
<strong>•</strong> Weighs only 18 oz .<br />
SUP'R'SWITCHER<br />
<strong>•</strong> 90 to 135 VAC/60Hz or 180 to 270 VAC/50Hz input<br />
<strong>•</strong> Fully protected - voltage/ current<br />
<strong>•</strong> Overvoltage protection<br />
<strong>•</strong> 0-50 C full load operating temperature<br />
<strong>•</strong> Output voltage current<br />
+5V@ 6A -12V@ lA<br />
+12V@ lA -5V@ lA<br />
<strong>•</strong> Weight- 2% lbs<br />
<strong>•</strong> Size 3%" H 9%" D 6 \1,i" W<br />
<strong>•</strong> Mounts on left side of Apple II<br />
<strong>•</strong> Sufficient current to handle all 8 slots<br />
<strong>•</strong> Plugs directly into the Apple II motherboard<br />
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SUP'R'TERMINAL<br />
<strong>•</strong> 80 Columns by 24 lines, upper and lower case; all 128<br />
ASCII characters<br />
<strong>•</strong> Includes an Upper and Lower case 5x8 dot matrix<br />
ASCII character set, and inverse alpha characters<br />
<strong>•</strong> Character set can be user definable<br />
<strong>•</strong> Shift Lock feature<br />
<strong>•</strong> Works with APPLE PASCAL and APPLE BASIC<br />
<strong>•</strong> Compatible with ALL APPLE II peripherals<br />
<strong>•</strong> CP/ M Output cursor*<br />
<strong>•</strong> Pascal 1.1 Keypress and type ahead in firmware*<br />
<strong>•</strong> 3K bytes of bank switched static ram<br />
<strong>•</strong> 2K bytes of ROM<br />
<strong>•</strong> The only board with continuous direct memory<br />
mapped screened ram<br />
<strong>•</strong> The only board that interprets VTABS by firmware<br />
(version 2.2)<br />
<strong>•</strong> The only board with an adjustable scrolling window<br />
<strong>•</strong> The only 80 column board that is synchronous with<br />
the APPLE II<br />
<strong>•</strong> Fully programmable cursor<br />
<strong>•</strong> Works with CORVUS and NESTAR Systems<br />
*Version 2.5<br />
APPLE II is a trademark of APPLE Computer Co.<br />
C P/ M is a trademark of Digital Research<br />
SUP'R'MOD II<br />
The SUP'R'MOD II is a wide band black and white or<br />
color compatible interface system intended to convert<br />
the home TV to a full video display for home computers,<br />
CCTV cameras and similar systems which output<br />
NTSC compatible composite video. The SUP'R'MOD II<br />
is pre-tuned to U.S. channel 33 (UHF), includes a coaxial<br />
cable and antenna transformer, and in conjunction with<br />
a standard home TV set, insures safe isolation and high<br />
performance.<br />
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION TYPICAL UNIT<br />
Fe Vision Carrier 591.5 MHz ± 0.5<br />
lee Supply Current 2.0 Ma<br />
VO(Hi) RF Output, V mod= 0 1.5 Mv<br />
VO (Low) RF Output, V mod = 1.5 - 20.0 dB<br />
R,n(mod) Modulation input resistance 700.0 Ohm<br />
V 05 (Min) Oscillator stop voltage<br />
2.0 Volt<br />
Ve c Voltage<br />
+5 to +12 Volts DC<br />
M & R ENTERPRISES<br />
910 George Street<br />
Santa Clara, CA 95050<br />
(408) 980-0160<br />
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-· -
NEW PRODUCTS FOR THE APPLE<br />
Edited by<br />
Mark L. Crosby<br />
Producers of hardware arid software for<br />
the Apple line of computers should send<br />
news releases 3 months in advance to<br />
NEW PRODUCTS EDITOR, Apple Or·<br />
· chard, 91 OA George St., Santa Clara, CA<br />
95050. The IAC cannot be held respon·<br />
sible for claims made by manufacturers.<br />
CONTENTS:<br />
HARDWARE<br />
INPUT /OUTPUT<br />
MEMORY<br />
POWER CONDITIONING<br />
PRINTERS/PLOTTERS<br />
MISCEUANEOUS SOFTWARE<br />
BUSINESS (GENERAL)<br />
COMMUNICATIONS<br />
EDUCATION<br />
FINANCIAL<br />
GAMES/SIMULATIONS<br />
GRAPHICS<br />
LANGOAGES(PROGRAMMING)<br />
MUSIC<br />
UTILITIES<br />
WORD PROCESSING<br />
MUSIC<br />
CATALOGS/BOOKS<br />
MISCEUANEOUS<br />
Hardware<br />
INPUT /OUTPUT<br />
The Corona Starfire 5 is a 5 megabyte<br />
Winchester disk drive. It holds the equiva·<br />
lent of 38 diskettes of data which is<br />
available instantly, and it can alphabetize a<br />
mailing list 5 to 1 0 times faster. Includes<br />
DataGuard automatic data protection.<br />
Allows your files to be twice as long, beat·<br />
ing a crucial limitation of Apple's disc<br />
operating system, without abandoning<br />
it-$2,995. Corona Data Systems, 21541<br />
Nordhoff Street, Unit B, Chatsworth, CA<br />
91311 (213) 998-0505.<br />
Programmable Seria 1/0 Board is fully<br />
compatible with current Apple software<br />
including Pascal 1.1, Applesoft and Integer<br />
BASIC. It provides a full EIA RS-232 DTE<br />
interface to most modems, printers and<br />
CRT terminals as well as an opto-isolated<br />
current loop interface strappable for full or<br />
half duplex, active or passive 2-wire or 4·<br />
wire, 20mA or 60mA operation up to<br />
200V. On board 1 KROM software enables<br />
user programmable printer width control,<br />
delay after carriage return, automatic linefeed<br />
generation, and video display. Serial<br />
character format is user alterable with the<br />
most popular configurations set as default<br />
conditions. Provides a full range of con·<br />
tinuously variable, programmable asyn·<br />
chronous data rates to 19.2 K baud;<br />
automatic recognition of the incoming<br />
data rate from a remote terminal; and firm·<br />
ware routines to pulse-dial calls onto<br />
the international Telex-TWX network<br />
$199.95. Intra Computer, 120-10 Audley<br />
Street, Kew Gardens, NY 11415 (212)<br />
947-5533.<br />
Microbuffer II lets you use your printer<br />
without tying up your computer. It has<br />
16K characters of memory (user expand·<br />
able to 32K). lt accepts data as fast as your<br />
computer can send it, allowing you to use<br />
your computer while the Microbuffer II is<br />
in control of your printing. The Microbuffer<br />
11, compatible with Applesoft, CP/ M and<br />
Pascal, comes with complete print format·<br />
ting features as well as advanced graphics<br />
dump routines for most popular graphics<br />
printers. The Snapshot option permits<br />
you to dump the text screen or graphics<br />
picture to the printer while any program is<br />
running-without interruption. The 16K<br />
Microbuffer is available for $259, the 32K<br />
version for $299 and the Snapshot option<br />
for $69. At your local dealer or contact:<br />
Practical Peripherals, Inc., 31245 La Baya<br />
Drive, Westlake Village, CA 91362 (213)<br />
991-8200.<br />
Select·A·Port plugs directly into your game<br />
socket giving you access you never had<br />
before. Attractive case matches the color<br />
and texture of the Apple II. May hang<br />
conveniently on either side of the Apple or<br />
sit flat on non-skid rubber feet. Three<br />
switch selectable sockets isolated by<br />
diodes to insure against device to device<br />
interference. One switch selectable socket<br />
which automatically modifies the joystick<br />
or paddles to operate as the second unit in<br />
dual joystick games of four game paddle<br />
games. One socket with no isolation for<br />
those special highly sensitive devices<br />
$59.95 plus $2 for postage and insurance.<br />
TG Products, PO Box 2931 , Richardson,<br />
TX 75080 (214) 424-8556.<br />
The Station Master is a universal parallel<br />
card with the added capability of being<br />
able to put the Hi-Res screen on paper with<br />
simple keyboard commands. The Station<br />
Master may be used with any one of four<br />
different printer types (Epson MX-80<br />
w / graphics, MX· 100, Anadex 9501 / 9500,<br />
Data South DS 180, Centronics 739, NEC<br />
PC8023. There are options for dumping<br />
Page One or Page Two, normal or expanded<br />
size, picture or plot, and horizontal<br />
positioning. Supplied with printer cable so<br />
you just plug in and go. We also include a<br />
diskette with practice pictures and plots as<br />
84 Apple Orchard
well as drivers for use with VisiPlot. Com·<br />
patible with BASIC, Pascal 1.1, CP / M and<br />
application software. The documentation<br />
includes helpful information for first-time<br />
users about Hi-Res graphics and how to<br />
use the board with programs such as<br />
Applewriter, Apple Plot, VisiCalc, and Visi<br />
Plot-$175. Computer Station, 11610<br />
Page Service Drive, St. Louis, MO 63141<br />
(314) 432-7019.<br />
5/10 Megabyte Hard Disk Drive for the<br />
Apple runs DOS 3.3, SOS 1.1, Pascal, all<br />
CP /M programs, plus DB Master, Compu·<br />
Law, Accounting Plus, Peachtree Account·<br />
ing, SuperCalc, Medical Management, Stockbroker,<br />
Real Estate Manager, Word Star,<br />
and Farmplan. Unique Error Correction<br />
Coding (ECC) gives you an internal hard<br />
disk backup system, so media errors are<br />
corrected and become transparent to<br />
your computer. These advantages assure<br />
you of reliable performance for years to<br />
come: 10,000 hoursMTBF, no preventive<br />
maintenance, 2 hours MTTR, expandable<br />
through daisy chaining. Santa Clara Sys·<br />
terns, Inc., 560 Division Street, Campbell,<br />
CA 95008 (408) 374-6972.<br />
From Amdek comes a new RGB color<br />
monitor with TTL input for high resolution<br />
graphics. Features 80 x 24 character<br />
display capability, 560 x 260 resolution,<br />
molded-in carrying handle, front mounted<br />
controls, including volume control for<br />
built-in speaker. Optional Digital Video<br />
Multiplexor peripheral board for interface<br />
with the Apple II signal. The DVM consists<br />
of a 4-channel multiplexor. Three channels<br />
are used to multiplex the existing Apple<br />
text, low resolution and high resolution<br />
graphics. The 4th channel allows the use<br />
of an 80 character line video board such<br />
as the Vydec VideoTerm. It is Software<br />
programmable allowing each of the three<br />
channels to be turned off or on. Occupies<br />
any slot in the Apple II. Uses Schottky logic<br />
with low power consumption. Amdek Cor·<br />
poration, 2420 E. Oakton Street, Suite<br />
"E", Arlington Heights, IL 60005 (312)<br />
364-1180.<br />
The Enhancer II for the Apple II provides<br />
you with a true upper and lower case key·<br />
board with fully functional shift keys. Single<br />
keystrokes can be defined to become an<br />
entire word or phrase. The typehead buffer<br />
allows you to talk to your Apple II while it's<br />
busy with other things. The Enhancer is<br />
controlled by its own built-in micropro·<br />
cessor and on-board firmware. Provides<br />
1 K static RAM using low power CMOS<br />
technology. Control-Reset is available as a<br />
jumper-selected option. Key redefinitions<br />
are down loadable from disc. Automatic<br />
repeat gives you approximately 15 characters<br />
per second, while fast repeate does it<br />
at 50 characters per second. Requires a<br />
revision 7 or greater motherboard to<br />
display lower case-$149. At your local<br />
dealer or contact: Videx, 897 N.W. Grant<br />
Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330 (503) 758-0521.<br />
The Genius displays a full page-57 or 66<br />
lines of text by 80 characters across and<br />
was developed for the office automation<br />
industry, applying to word processing,<br />
data processing and software develop·<br />
ment. The 15-inch CRT reformats during<br />
editing at a fraction of a millisecond,<br />
rather than the slow sequential updating<br />
on most CRTs. Display of information<br />
from memory to screen is also instanta·<br />
neous as well as sending information<br />
from screen to storage. The high-resolution<br />
screen with black characters on white<br />
provides the necessary requirements for<br />
reducing typical CRT eyestrain and fatigue.<br />
The new Genius is fully compatible with<br />
WordSt
an external twelve volt battery can be used.<br />
Built-in five inch monitor, rechargeable,<br />
long life SL.A batteries for operating your<br />
computer, floppy disk and monitor display.<br />
Adapter for car battery operation, automatic<br />
switchover to battery power if A.C.<br />
power fails or is unavailable. Automatic<br />
battery recharge when A.C. power is available.<br />
Chassis accommodates your floppy<br />
disk Operates from 110/ 220 VAC or<br />
12VDC-$595. UPBUS, 7825 East Evans<br />
Road, Building 300, Scottsdale, AZ. 85260<br />
(602) 991 -7356.<br />
MEMORY<br />
The Axion 320K memory System is<br />
designed to interact with Apple DOS 3.3<br />
and Apple Pascal 1.1 like two standard<br />
floppy disk drives while delivering the<br />
lighting fast access speeds of RAM memory.<br />
This also leaves 32K of RAM for<br />
advanced programming techniques. The<br />
interface board is slot independent and<br />
draws no power from your Apple. The<br />
rechargeable battery system built into the<br />
unit provides three hours of backup in the<br />
event of a power loss. Invisible memory<br />
refresh-even with the Apple turned off.<br />
All firmware is in static RAM on the<br />
interface board. Includes software for diagnostic,<br />
fast load and copy routines, and<br />
business applications. Axion, 1 70 N. Wolfe<br />
Road, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 730-<br />
0216.<br />
POWER CONDITIONING<br />
Commercial quality power center features<br />
a sensitive protective relay. Momentary<br />
power line off-on transients cause this<br />
relay to latch out power before damage to<br />
disks and equipment can occur. A lighted<br />
reset switch restores power when you are<br />
ready so you can control your power-up<br />
sequence.· Individual RFI pi filters isolate<br />
from the other pairs of sockets. Interaction<br />
between printers, processors, floppies and<br />
other equipment is eliminated. Varistors<br />
between each line and ground and between<br />
lines suppress voltage spikes that<br />
can cause memory loss, erratic operation<br />
and equipment damage. A six foot heavy<br />
duty three wire power cord and industrial<br />
grade grounded sockets assure years of<br />
safe and trouble-free use. It is protected by<br />
a fast acting, .easy access, popout fuse<br />
(15A, 115 VAC-1875 Watts Max.)<br />
$99_95 plus $4 shipping and handling.<br />
MF J Enterprises, Inc., P.O. Box 494, Mississippi<br />
State, MS 39762 (800) 64 7-1800 in<br />
MS call (601) 323,5869.<br />
BY CASES, INC.<br />
DESIGNED TO PROTECT YOUR COMPUTER<br />
Features -<br />
<strong>•</strong> Rigid Shell Made of Plywood<br />
Supported High Impact ABS.<br />
<strong>•</strong> Shock Resistant Foam lining.<br />
<strong>•</strong> Heavy Duty Hardware<br />
Includes Key Locking Latches<br />
<strong>•</strong> Bound Metal Edges.<br />
<strong>•</strong> Interlocking Tongue and<br />
Groove Extrusion. Mating Lid<br />
and Bottom.<br />
Apple II Plus 2 Drives $175.00<br />
OTHER<br />
MODELS<br />
AVAILABLE<br />
CLUB AND DEALER DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE<br />
CASES, INC. P.O. Box 33820 Seattle. WA 98133 (206) 365-5210<br />
PRINTERS/PLOTTERS<br />
The Model OLIVE-1 Olivetti Interface<br />
turns the Olivetti Praxis-30 or -50 electronic<br />
daisy wheel typewriter into a letter<br />
quality printer with RS-232C computer<br />
interface. The interface provides a wide<br />
range of user options, such as baud rate,<br />
handshake protocol and special function<br />
selection; all functions of the typewriter<br />
are controllable from the host computer.<br />
Typewriter features interchangeable daisy<br />
wheel (100 characters) and ribbon cartridge,<br />
selectable character pitch, selectable<br />
print inpace, friction platen drive with<br />
11 inch maximum print width, fully programmable<br />
margin and tab control, 12<br />
characters per second printing speed.<br />
The interface is completely assembled<br />
and tested with interface cables and detailed<br />
instructions for attachment to Praxis-<br />
3X, typewriter function unimpaired, priced<br />
below $2QO; 9 VDC/ 300mA wall socket<br />
plug-in power supply optional. Model<br />
OLIVE-80 printer package, including Praxis-<br />
30 and OLIVE-I Interface plus full documentation,<br />
priced below $700, package<br />
with Praxis-35 slightly higher. The Olive<br />
Branch Association, Ltd., 1426 W. Winton<br />
Ave., Hayward, CA 94545 (415) 887-4716.<br />
Starwriter F-10 low profile unit is the<br />
answer for the perfect daisy wheel printer,<br />
including such features as: low profile<br />
design (16'' high) to fit easily into your<br />
system, industry-standard ribbon cartridge,<br />
40 or 55 cps models, standard<br />
parallel or RS232-C interface (including<br />
ETX/ ACK, X-On/ S-Off) protocols, extensive<br />
built-in word processing functions<br />
that allow easy adaptability, uses plastic or<br />
metal wheels, low noise operation. A<br />
choice of friction feed or optional bidirectional<br />
tractor feed is available. Leading<br />
Edge Products, 225 Turnpike Street, Canton,<br />
MA 02021(800)343-6833 inMA call<br />
(617) 828-8150.<br />
The Pro-Writer Matrix Printer includes<br />
120 cps bidirectional printing, logic seek-<br />
86 Apple Orchard
- _..:::- =- - ::::<br />
Introducing DataFax: .. the easy<br />
way to tame your Data Monster:<br />
If you deal with information,<br />
you're probably dealing with a<br />
Data Monster.<br />
He's that mass of notes.<br />
Scribbled messages. Phone<br />
numbers. And all the thousandand-one<br />
other important<br />
pieces· of information you have<br />
floating around your life.<br />
But with DataFax from Link<br />
Systems, you can keep your<br />
Data Monster under controlplus<br />
have a lot more power<br />
over your information than you<br />
ever thought possible.<br />
Unlike most "data manage r"<br />
software programs made for<br />
your Apple, DataFax doesn't<br />
care what .your data looks like.<br />
Or how long it is, how many<br />
items it has or what you want<br />
to do with it.<br />
The power we've programmed<br />
into DataFa x makes<br />
it as simple and natura l to use<br />
as a penc il and pape r. You can<br />
fill up a screen with anything<br />
you want- even information<br />
already stored on disk. Then<br />
cross-reference it as many different<br />
ways as you'd like- by a<br />
date, a species, a custome r's<br />
name, whateve r.<br />
Simply powerful software<br />
that links it all fogether ·"<br />
© 1982 Link Systems Inc.
ing and proportional spacing combined<br />
with excellent resolution. Graphics capability<br />
is built-in and includes shape and high<br />
resolution features. The Pro-Writer boasts<br />
of its 1 K buffer in parallel and 3K buffer in<br />
serial, increment printing ability, N x 9 dot<br />
matrix, and its correspondence quality<br />
print in eight character sizes. Built-in tractor<br />
feed and will accept single-sheet feed. Its<br />
paper cut-off is less than one inch from the<br />
print line. Vertical and horizontal tabbing is<br />
automatic and with the use of a stepper<br />
motor, the Pro-Writer is very quiet. Manual<br />
functions include select, line feed, Top of<br />
Form and Power On, combined with<br />
Paper Empty and Cover Open Switches.<br />
The serial version actually includes both<br />
the parallel and serial interfaces. Parallel<br />
modeJ~$795, Serial rnodef-$845. Leading<br />
Edge Products, 225 Turnpike Street,<br />
Canton, MA 02021 (800) 343-6833 in MA<br />
call (617) 828-8150.<br />
The microprocessor-based HP 7470 intelligent<br />
small-format pen plotter features<br />
two-color capability, high-resolution plotting<br />
( + - .025mm) and a rapid plotting<br />
speed of 15 inches/second (38 cm/sec)<br />
to produce graphics of exceptional quality.<br />
Can be used with Apple, IBM, and Commodore<br />
Pet. Can be connected to laboratory<br />
instruments such as the HP 1980 oscilloscope,<br />
spectrum analyzers and other HP<br />
inStruments to produce hard-copy versions<br />
of measurement graphics. Pen acceleration<br />
of 2 G's and pen-down velocity<br />
of 38 cm/sec to a pen-up velocity of 50<br />
cm/sec allow even complex plots to be<br />
ocmpleted in a matter of minutes. Built-in<br />
character generation, with European char·<br />
acter set, vector plottil')g and internal linetypes.<br />
The unit can automatically recon·<br />
figure or scale a graphic or character to fit<br />
within a certain area-condensing, expanding<br />
enlarging and reducing all images<br />
and characters. Equipped with one of two<br />
standard interfaces: HP-IB (IEEE-488) and<br />
RS-232C. Call your local Hewlett-Packard<br />
sales office.<br />
The Transtar .Model 140 daisy wheel<br />
printer provides high quality, fully formed<br />
character printing capabilities in a compact,<br />
low profile package. Microprocessorbased<br />
design allows emulation of an<br />
industry standard specialty printer protocol,<br />
providing compatibility with existing<br />
driver routines of established word processing<br />
software, such as Peachtree's<br />
Magic Wand and MicroPro's WordStar.<br />
The serial interface, with front panelmounted,<br />
DIP-switch selected communi·<br />
cation rates to 2400 baud, supports the<br />
ocmmonly used DTR busy protocol as<br />
standard. An optional bidirectional tractor<br />
allows use of a wide variety of fanfold<br />
forms, and provides precise vertical alignment<br />
for the accurate printing of superscripts,<br />
subscripts, and graphics-$1,695.<br />
Micro Distributors, 11 794 Parklawn Drive,<br />
RockVille, MD 20852 (800) 638-6621 or<br />
Sigma Distributing, 2110-116th Avenue<br />
N.E., Bellevue, WA 98005 (800) 426-1412.<br />
.MISCELLANEOUS<br />
New Dual channel, DC to 50 .MHz digital<br />
memory Oscilloscope fits as a module<br />
into Apple II and Apple II Plus microcomputers,<br />
using the display and keyboard<br />
as a.n oscilloscope screen and<br />
control panel, the Apple computer for<br />
waveform processing, and disk memory<br />
for waveform storage. The Model 85 performs<br />
standard laboratory functions such<br />
as signal averaging and DVM readout, and<br />
BK of Apple memory is available for user<br />
program development. User programmable<br />
for such functions as Fast Fourier<br />
Transform, auto- and cross-correlation,<br />
power density spectra, and integration<br />
and differentiation. The Model 85 acquires<br />
data through probes or cables connected<br />
to the module at the back of the computer.<br />
Fastest sweep speed is 10ns/div, and, at 1<br />
ms/ div and slower, the scope operates as<br />
a real-time A/D conversion system. Software-generated<br />
8 x 10 division graticule<br />
(erasable for an easier-to-read display,<br />
and, since it is on precisely the same<br />
surface as the waveforms, introduces on<br />
parallax or distortion errors. A cursor provides<br />
DVM readout for any specified point<br />
on a displayed waveform. Supports hard<br />
copy output of the waveform display (Silen·<br />
type or Epson MX-80) to which the user<br />
may add comments if desired-$995.<br />
Requires two peripheral slots, 48K and<br />
one disk drive with DOS 3.3. Northwest<br />
Instrument Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 1309,<br />
Beaverton, OR 97075 (503) 297-1434.<br />
The Kane! A2· 1 Logic Analyzer is aperipheral<br />
card for the Apple computer that can<br />
analyze TTL compatible MOS and TTL<br />
circuits. Connected to the card's three<br />
ribbon cables are 32 data input probes<br />
and 16 data output probes. Software supplied<br />
displays input signals as columns of<br />
1 's and O's on the screen. From 1 to 16 of<br />
the inputs may be used for a trigger<br />
pattern. Routines are provided in BASIC,<br />
Pascal and assembly language to help the<br />
user to write custom programs for programmed<br />
stimulus/response interaction<br />
with the circuit under test-$400. Kane!<br />
Corp., 1025 Reynolds Road B202, Johnson<br />
City, NY 13790.<br />
The .Model T Computer Slide System produces<br />
color slides using a 48K Apple and<br />
graphics tablet. The output of the system<br />
is common 35mm Ektachrome film that<br />
can be developed in 38 minutes. The<br />
slides cost an average of $3 each to<br />
produce and are sold on the open market<br />
for $10 to $20. The Model T has 20<br />
character fonts, each in several sizes. No<br />
programming is necessary to crete slides<br />
since it is largely created through prompts.<br />
The cost of the add-on to an existing<br />
Apple is $3,495, which includes the reproduction<br />
module, software and graphics<br />
tablet overlay. The reproduction module<br />
has a motorized 35mm camera controlled<br />
by the computer. Requires an Apple II Plus<br />
with 48K, Apple Graphics Tablet, DOS 3.3<br />
with two disk drives and a color video<br />
display. Toucan Visual Production Systems,<br />
1033 Battery Street, San Francisco,<br />
CA 94111 (415) 392-2970.<br />
The Soundchaser Digital/ Analog .Music<br />
System, designed for the Mountain Computer<br />
Music 5, is a professional 49-key<br />
four octave unit. Superb "touch", housed<br />
in a handcrafted solid wood cabinet. The<br />
Analog System consists of the keyboard<br />
and interface card, Passport Designs Analog<br />
Voice cards, and the Music Operating<br />
System software. Features a three-voice<br />
analog card with state of the art components.<br />
Oscillator, filter and amplifier are<br />
computer controlled; one card may be<br />
used for up to six voices. Software provides<br />
advanced sonic control, allowing<br />
you to draw contours and modify waveform<br />
shapes as never before. Sequencer<br />
section lets you lay down bass lines or<br />
chords while you play over them.-$560.<br />
The Digital System consists of the keyboard<br />
and interface card, the Mountain<br />
Computer, Inc. Music System and the<br />
Soundchaser Digital performance software.<br />
Each of the eight voices in the hardware<br />
system uses two independently programmed<br />
and controlled digital oscillators.<br />
The software lets you define the "instruments"<br />
or presets by drawing the waveforms<br />
or by specifying their harmonic<br />
content. Ten presets in memory can be<br />
changed "on the fly" with no delay. An<br />
outstanding feature is the multi-trach sequencer,<br />
which can store and play back<br />
entire orchestral arrangements. The sequencer<br />
is fully polyphonic.-$520. Passport<br />
Designs, Inc. 785 Main St., Half Moon<br />
Bay, CA 94019. (415) 726-0280.<br />
88 Apple Orchard
BCJSINESS<br />
The Versaform Business Forms Processor<br />
will boost your paper forms productivity<br />
on the apple IL A business forms<br />
processor is a sophisticated yet simple to<br />
use transaction management program. The<br />
central feature of such a program is its<br />
ability to process multiple transactions<br />
under a single heading. This is unique<br />
among all existing data or file management<br />
programs currently available on low·<br />
cost microcomputers. Instantaneous updating<br />
within a specified form yields running<br />
totals, cumulative tax or tariff charges,<br />
and correctly calculated sub-total extension<br />
by line. Once the information has<br />
been entered and processed, it can be<br />
sent back to a pre-printed form or blank<br />
paper that becomes i~ own form. Management<br />
reports can easily be produced<br />
summarizing information from· the completed<br />
·forms. Applied Software Technology,<br />
1 ~985 Greenwood Road, Monte<br />
Sereno, CA 95030 (408) 395-f541.<br />
Software<br />
EASy, the Executive Accounting System<br />
for the Apple / / / is a comprehensive ac·<br />
counting program with general ledger~<br />
accounts receivable, and accounts pay·<br />
able modules. Fully integrated, and designed<br />
for small- to medium-sized businesses<br />
requiring full reporting capabilities,.<br />
maximum friendliness, and expandability.<br />
Generates complete financial and management<br />
reports. Prints invoices, statements<br />
and checks. Entirely menu-driven, multiple<br />
company use, expandable with add-on<br />
modules, partial and manual payments,<br />
flexible accounting periods, fast access to<br />
information. On 514 floppies upgradable<br />
to Profile Hard Disk No price given. At<br />
your local dealer.<br />
With VC-.(Ylanager, you can add, subtract,<br />
divide and multiply VisiCalc files against<br />
other files or constants. Generate Variance<br />
reports, Statements of Changes, Com·<br />
pany totals from Business or Products.<br />
Convert constant $ reports to inflation<br />
adjusted using different price factors for<br />
each line. Compare alternatives on an<br />
incremental bases. Up to 15 files can be<br />
operated on in each pass. Requires Applesoft<br />
in ROM-$65 plus 6% PA tax. Micro<br />
Decision Systems, P.O. Box '1392, Pitts'<br />
burgh, PA 15219 (412) 276-2387.<br />
Simply enter your tax information into the<br />
easy-to-use Tax Manager program, then<br />
sit back and relax while it quickly com·<br />
putes the information and prints most of<br />
your federal income tax schedules. When<br />
tax laws change don't be concerned. With<br />
Micro Lab's Extended Warranty Plan ($30<br />
per year) you can update to the current<br />
version at no additional cost. You will not<br />
have to .reinvest more money in a new<br />
program. Computes and prints out the<br />
1040form and 115 supporting forms· and<br />
sch~dules. Automatic global recalculation<br />
of entries; recalculations linked from schedule<br />
to schedule, schedule to form-$150<br />
(deductible). Micro Lab, 2310 Skokie Valley<br />
Road, Highland Park, IL 60035 (312)<br />
433-7550. .<br />
AccuRec is the integrated time recorder<br />
and wage summary program for Apple II<br />
business users. Easy to use. Enter your<br />
initial and personal ID code to clockin and<br />
out. Displays daily and weekly records.<br />
Eliminate tfme-consuming l 0 key conver·<br />
sion of time cards into paychecks. Prints<br />
an accurate record of attendance and<br />
gross wages. Structure your workweek<br />
and paydays. Set overtime variables<br />
$79_95_ Requires time/clock interface<br />
board. Individualized Operand, P.O. Box<br />
3030, San Rafael,"CA 94912 (415)'459-<br />
33.83. ' . . '<br />
utilitv citv<br />
lll of our most-asked-for Apple Utilities<br />
by Bert Kersey<br />
<strong>•</strong>SK Applesott ROM<br />
For YOUR Big Apple-Our 21 most-asked-for Apple Utilities on one big<br />
disk---llst Fonnattu makes property spaced & indented listings with<br />
printer page breaks. Each program statement is on a n~~:W Mne with lf<br />
Then's& Loops caMed out; a great de·bugger! Cet<strong>•</strong>log In eny number<br />
of columns & any page-width to CRT or printer. Automaticlllly post<br />
the Run-Number & last- used Date in your programs. Mak£ any<br />
c.ommand lnvtMbfc in Your Nstings; Access program ~nes in memory<br />
for garbage repair & " illegal" alteration; OUickly sort & stQre info on,<br />
disk; Run any Applesoft file w hile another stays intact; Renumber<br />
to 65535; Save inverse, INVISIBLE & trick file name's; Convert dee to<br />
he.x & binary, o r INT to FP; Append programs; dump the text<br />
screen to ANY printer . . More too: 11 Pro9nms Tot.II<br />
PLUS ... APPLE TIP BOOK HUMBER THREE!<br />
40 PAGES of new t ips tricks & articles - DOS Trickery Copy<br />
Stoppers Programming the Reset Key & much more Plus<br />
understandable e:o;planations of how each U City Program works <br />
One ol the best Apple learn ng tools on the market today<br />
v · Utility City on Applesott Disk<br />
V" Beagle Bros Apple Tip Book .:: 3<br />
V Apple PEEKS, PO KES & POINTERS Chart<br />
alpha plot<br />
Hi-Res Apple Graphics/Text Utlilty<br />
by lkrt Kcrwy & J.ck Cassidy<br />
48K REQUIRED<br />
HI-RES DRAWi HG: Create hi-res pictures& charts,<br />
appcndablc to your programs. Keyboard or Paddle control; Op·<br />
tional Xdraw Cursor (see lines before .you draw!); Any color mix or<br />
REVERSE (opposite of background); Circles, Boxes & Ellipses, filled or<br />
not. Bonus Programs too-SCRUNCHER stores hi-res in as little as 1/3<br />
normal disk space. SHl~R transfers any portion of the hi·res screen.<br />
Also superimpose hi-res images and convert Hi-Res to Lo-Res & back<br />
_tor fascinating abstracts! ·<br />
HI-RES TEXT: Beautiful ·upper & lower case with Descenders;<br />
color or reverse; Positionable anywhere (NOT restricted by Htal:!s &<br />
Vtabs). Professional looking PROPORTIONAL SPACING! Adjustable<br />
Type Size , Leading (line spacing) & Kerning (letter spacing). Multi·<br />
directional typing; up, down, even backwards!<br />
~""'Jl APple Utility Disks!<br />
· '.'{ 0 <strong>•</strong> W~e~,,:~.~!~<br />
PO,K~Jall,~~=~~!<br />
r?.~iiiiiii:ji!~'jijiFil ~ .'cl ~~ttfl:S'<br />
4315 .Sierra Vista "·= · :::::= ~'.s:/MCilNumber s<br />
Ask around about ag1e Bros Software:. ._... 431~ Sierra Vista, ...tfs;;.<br />
Our programs are practical; friendly & user·oriented, and <strong>•</strong> San Diego, CA 92103 ·<br />
1<br />
always come with an amazing amount of documentation & <strong>•</strong> <strong>•</strong>., Telephone (714) 296-6400. ·<br />
juicy Apple information. If your dealer doesn't have our stuff, .Ji:.. . ... . . . ·<br />
get on his case about it or order directly from us. We ship all <strong>•</strong> Please add $4.50 for sh1pp1ng outside US or Canada.<br />
disks & books WITHIN 4S HOURS. <strong>•</strong> CO.D orders, add $3 . California residents, add 6% .<br />
May - June 1982 89
File-Fax lets you get a handle on your<br />
records. Can organize your records for<br />
day·to·day use. It will search for and re·<br />
trieve information at incredibly high speed,<br />
and turn out almost any type of report. It's<br />
extremely flexible-File-Fax can maintain<br />
cusfomer files, payroll recorc:fs, mailing<br />
lists, patient histories, sales results; etc.<br />
Visual display is tailored to your own taste<br />
arid needs. You actually create your own<br />
forms just the way you want them. Comprehensive<br />
manual makes File-Fax easy<br />
to learn. Help menu is available on-line.<br />
Price not given. TMQ Software, Inc., 390<br />
N. East River Road, Des Plaines, IL 60016<br />
(312) 299-5671.<br />
The "Slide Show" allows you to use your<br />
Hi-Res pictures in a programmed se·<br />
quence. Think of it as a standard slide<br />
show on your television with the' advantage<br />
of "TV-like" special effect transitions between<br />
"slides". Twenty different transi·<br />
tions including: horizontal and vertical<br />
wipes, ripple effects,
SVA<br />
MAKING AP-PlES GROW<br />
/<br />
/<br />
256K<br />
APP·L·CACHE<br />
TRIPLE DISK SPE~D ...... QUINTUPLE MEMORY SIZE!!<br />
Triple your data retrieval speed!<br />
Imagine the speed of a "solid-state disl~ " without access delays or<br />
moving ports. Fast ()nd reliable.<br />
Quintuple your memory size!<br />
Imagine the power of J04K memory - 48K more than IDM's 256K<br />
new personal computer. Dig and responsive.<br />
The SVA 256K APP'L-CACHE gives you two highspeed solid state mini<br />
disl~s and all the functions of a 16K memory cord conveniently<br />
pocked inside your Apple residing in Slot 0.<br />
Consider the capabilities and expansion potential of the SVA APP-L<br />
CACHE before buying another mini disl~ or a memory cord.<br />
With the APP-L-CACHE you get big system performance at a micro<br />
price.<br />
ADVANTAGES<br />
Improve system operation:<br />
<strong>•</strong> Add 64K to 256K bytes of memory to your Apple<br />
<strong>•</strong> Goin up to 2 "solid-state mini disl~ drives" through EPP.OM<br />
emulation of standard DOS disl~ commands<br />
<strong>•</strong> Enjoy all the functions of a standard 16K memory cord<br />
<strong>•</strong> Eliminate need to purchase on additional mini disl~ drive<br />
Improve software performance:<br />
<strong>•</strong> Enhance high ·speed data access and file sorting<br />
<strong>•</strong> Compute on large data bases without mini disl~ delays<br />
*CP/M Trodemorl~ Digital Research, APPLE DOS Trodemorl~ of Apple Computer.<br />
VisiColc Trademark of VisiCorp.<br />
<strong>•</strong> Reduce disl~ swapping and handling<br />
<strong>•</strong> Goin hard disl~ performance and the simplicity of mini floppy<br />
operation.<br />
<strong>•</strong> Improve program development speed and lower costs<br />
<strong>•</strong> Copy and verify disl~s with only one mini drive<br />
SOFTWARE SUPPOP. T<br />
You hove complete compatibility with CP/M*, PASCALi, and the<br />
APPLE DOS* operating systems.<br />
Pascal users gain<br />
<strong>•</strong> Automatic load of all system files to APP-L-CACHE<br />
<strong>•</strong> Double compilation speed<br />
<strong>•</strong> Reduced Editor and Filer load time by J times<br />
<strong>•</strong> Single mini disl~ drive operation<br />
Apple DOS users gain<br />
<strong>•</strong> Automatic initialization<br />
<strong>•</strong> Foster program loading and file accessing<br />
CP/M users gain<br />
<strong>•</strong> Automatic initialization<br />
<strong>•</strong> User selectable volume number<br />
SORRENTO VALLEY ASSOCIATES, INC<br />
11 722 Sorrento Volley Rood<br />
Son Diego, CA 92121-1084<br />
(714) 452-0101
ase program which can store map locations<br />
of up to 400 accounts, streets, cities,<br />
etc. This eliminates the need to continuously<br />
refer to maps when entering<br />
data into routeplanner. Requires an Apple<br />
II with 48K Applesoft, and disk drive.<br />
Printer is optional-$149 plus $1.50 for<br />
shipping and handling. Columbia Software,<br />
Box 2235, 5461 Marsh Hawk Way,<br />
Columbia, MD 21045 (301) 997-3100.<br />
The General Ledger Package by Money<br />
Disk for the small business is called No<br />
Nonsense Books. The system is organized<br />
around 50 pre-named accounts including<br />
two checking accounts. Account and Profit<br />
Center names may be changed if desired.<br />
Maintains records of sales in five Profit<br />
Centers for retail and wholesale accounting.<br />
Also maintains complete records of<br />
each check written and all journal entries.<br />
Each transaction must be balanced before<br />
being accepted for recording directly to<br />
the ledger accounts. A 64-page user's<br />
manual is provided. Monthly entries are<br />
limited only by diskette capacity. Any<br />
record may be viewed on the screen or<br />
printed. Checkbook reconciliation for both<br />
accounts is completed on screen in just a<br />
few seconds. Account totals are maintained<br />
for year to date, current month, last<br />
month, and last year. Printed reports include<br />
Journal and check entries, Sales<br />
Summary and Inventory Turnover Report,<br />
Operating Summary, Profit and Loss by<br />
Profit Center, Trial Balance, Formal Profit<br />
and Loss Statement, Balance Sheet, Year<br />
end Worksheet and Chart of Accounts.<br />
Requires an Apple II with Applesoft Firmware<br />
card of Apple II Plus with 48K<br />
memory, two disk drives, 132 column<br />
printer (card in slot #1)-$225. Money<br />
Disk, P.O. Box 1531 , Richland, WA 99352<br />
(509) 943-0198.<br />
This group of programs provides a complete·<br />
system for depreciating up to 800<br />
capital assets. The system capabilities<br />
provide for any of seven depreciation<br />
methods including ACRS for 1981-1985.<br />
Pick up previously depreciated items using<br />
last years tax return or your present depre·<br />
ciation schecule. Purchase cost or basis<br />
may be up to $1 million for any period<br />
from one to 99 years. Calculates Investment<br />
Tax Credit, pro-rates depreciation<br />
when necessary, and allows conversion of<br />
depreciation method with Inventory, Disposed<br />
Property List and Recovered Cost<br />
List. Any report may be printed at any<br />
time. The Disposed Property List reports<br />
all items which have been sold, including<br />
the sales price, initial cost and basis, total<br />
depreciation to sale date, and tax gain or<br />
loss. The Equipment Inventory is a management<br />
tool for physical inventory and recording<br />
condition and operating status of<br />
industrial equipment. The system requires<br />
an Apple Computer with at least 32K<br />
memory, one disk drive and an 80 or 120<br />
column printer. A 50 page user's manual<br />
is provided-$225. Money Disk, P.O. Box<br />
1531, Richland, WA 99352 (509) 943-<br />
0198.<br />
This system provides a complete Ac·<br />
counts Receivable Accounting System<br />
system for up to 400 charge customers. A<br />
maximum of 2500 entries for all accounts<br />
per month may be processed. In addition<br />
to the usual account billing, recording<br />
cash received and charge sales, the program<br />
provides a means for entering sales<br />
information and printing sales invoices<br />
and packing slips. The system also prints<br />
four collection form letters and address<br />
labels for envelopes and file folders. Account<br />
balances are maintained for current<br />
month, 30, 60 and 90+ days past due for<br />
each account and grand total. Year to date<br />
and monthly total purchases, discounts,<br />
service charges and bad debts are accumulated<br />
for each account and summari~~d<br />
. Courtesy discounts and late payment<br />
service charges are automatically<br />
applied if perviously authorized. Printed<br />
reports are automatically formatted for<br />
printers between ao and 132 columns<br />
$225. Money Disk, P.O. Box 1531, Richland,<br />
WA 99532 (509) 943-0198.<br />
The Executive Briefing System (EBS) is a<br />
state-of-the-art· presentation package. EBS<br />
cretes, organizes, and displays ciYnarnic<br />
Supercharge Your APPLE //*<br />
<strong>•</strong> Plug-in compatibility<br />
<strong>•</strong> 320K bytes of RAM (200NS) memory designed<br />
to function like two 35 track floppy disk drives<br />
<strong>•</strong> Compatible wit h Apple DOS 3.3 and Apple<br />
Pascal 1.1<br />
<strong>•</strong> Same size as the Apple Disk 11 * Drive<br />
<strong>•</strong> Invisible memory refresh - even with the Apple<br />
turned off<br />
92 Apple Orchard<br />
The Axion RAMDISK 320K Memory System for<br />
the Apple II and Apple II Plus* provides access<br />
speeds never before available. The Axion memory<br />
system is designed to interact with Apple DOS<br />
3.3* and Apple Pascal 1.1 * like two standard f loppy<br />
disk drives while delivering the lightning fast<br />
access speeds of RAM memory. This also leaves<br />
32K of RAM for advanced programming techniques.<br />
The interface board is slot independent and<br />
d raw s no po w er f ro m y o ur Apple. T he<br />
rechargeable battery system built into the unit<br />
provides three hours of backup in the event of a<br />
power loss. Drop by your local Apple dealer or<br />
contact Axion, Inc. for more informat ion.<br />
<strong>•</strong> Trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.<br />
<strong>•</strong> Pascal is a Trademark of U.C.S.D. Regents<br />
<strong>•</strong> Rechargeable battery system built-in to provide<br />
3 hours of auxiliary power<br />
<strong>•</strong> Slot independent interface board - draws no<br />
power from your Apple<br />
<strong>•</strong> All firmware is in stat ic RAM on the interface<br />
board<br />
<strong>•</strong> Includes software for diagnostic, fast load and<br />
copy routines, and business applicat ions<br />
*<br />
N
ooks=========<br />
5154-9 Basic Computer Programs for the<br />
Home (Sternberg} "This is one of the very<br />
tidiest books of its type, a model of how such<br />
books should be laid out." Creative Computing.<br />
Contains over 75 practical home application<br />
programs helpful to the novice or experienced<br />
owner in increasing the usefulness of any home<br />
computer. Each program is documented with a<br />
description of its functions and operation, a<br />
listing in BASIC, a symbol table, sample data,<br />
and one or more samples. $10.95<br />
ALSO AVAILABLE ON APPLE II DISK,<br />
request 10509, $24.95<br />
get top performance<br />
from your apple!<br />
New! 5174-3 Cryptanalysis for<br />
Microcomputers (Foster} Use your micro to<br />
help crack and create secret codes. Three easyto-understand<br />
BASIC programs are offered for<br />
each cipher system. The first program converts<br />
Plaintext to Ciphertext, the second program<br />
converts Ciphertext to Plaintext, and the third<br />
uses mechanical aids and standard attacks on<br />
cryptograms. Line-by-line analysis accompanies<br />
each program. $13.95 (t)<br />
New! 5149-0 Codes, Ciphers, and<br />
Computers: An Introduction to<br />
Information Security (Bosworth} Describes<br />
the fundamentals of secret communication and<br />
provides an understanding of computer security<br />
through computer cryptography. Details and<br />
illustrates traditional cryptography techniques<br />
developed before computers and discusses more<br />
recent concepts for the highest levels of<br />
information and data security. $13.95<br />
New! 5534-X The BASIC Conversions<br />
Handbook for Apple, TRS-80 , and<br />
PET TM Users (Brain Bank} Convert Apple II<br />
and PET programs to TRS-80, TRS-80 and PET<br />
programs to Apple II, and TRS-80 and Apple II<br />
to PET. Equivalent commands are listed for<br />
TRS-80 BASIC (Model I, Level II}, Applesoft<br />
BASIC, and PET BASIC, ;:is well as variations<br />
for the TRS-80 Model III and Apple Integer<br />
BASIC. Also describes various graphic<br />
capabilities. $7.95<br />
New! PIE Writer: Word Processing<br />
System (Crosley} Compose, edit, format, and<br />
print virtually any document or correspondence<br />
fast, easily, and inexpensively! PIE Writer offers<br />
all the versatility and machine efficiency of the<br />
larger systems but at a fraction of the cost.<br />
Works with 40 or 80 column display boards and<br />
features incremental spacing, word delete, word<br />
tabbing, underlining, centering, and more. Also<br />
produces "fersonalized" form letters and has<br />
special Cal command for access to machine<br />
language subroutines.<br />
12009, Standard;<br />
13409, Smarterm, Sup'R'Term, Videx,<br />
each $149.95<br />
Sargon II (Spracklens} The first great<br />
computer chess program. "This program<br />
represents a giant step forward in microcomputing<br />
Chess .. . an excellent program<br />
which will provide a true challenge for many<br />
players. We are impressed with the program's<br />
speed, its opening book, and its much improved<br />
end game ... Save your money and buy<br />
SARGON II ... " 'BO Software Critique.<br />
03404, Apple II tape, $29.95<br />
03409, Apple II Disk, $34.95<br />
New! Kinp Cribbage (Rost} A must for card<br />
game lovers. Match hands against a computer<br />
armed with high-resolution graphics and a<br />
superior card playing ability! Easy instructions<br />
for beginners! 11509, Apple II disk, $24.95<br />
Hayden Applesoft TM Compiler (Eiten} A<br />
new 3.3 DOS version features several modifications<br />
including automatic garbage collection,<br />
the ability to printout compiler statistics, and a<br />
revised protection scheme to eliminate the need<br />
for hardware. These improvements and more<br />
are also available in the 3.2 DOS version.<br />
08809, Apple II Disk, 3.2 Version;<br />
11909, Apple II Disk, 3.3 Version;<br />
each $175.00<br />
Klondike 2000 (Trackman} Gold is hidden in<br />
the desolate coave of a mine in the Martian<br />
desert. You discover the secret to gaining the<br />
loyalty of hostile robots guarding the gold. But<br />
you must fight conniving opponents and carry<br />
your gold out of the mine. Suspense! Excitement!<br />
Treachery! 10209, Apple II Disk, $24.95<br />
Order Today<br />
Hayden Book Company, Inc.<br />
50 Essex St., Rochelle Park, NJ 07662<br />
Please send me the book(s} checked on 15-day FREE examination. At the end of<br />
that time, I will send payment, plus postage and handling, or return the book(s}<br />
and owe nothing. On all prepaid, Visa or Master Card charge orders, publisher<br />
pays postage - same return guarantee.<br />
D 5149-0 D 5154-9 D 5174-3 D 5534-X<br />
Please send me the software checked. Enclosed is my check or money order.<br />
PAYMENT MUST ACCOMPANY ALL SOFTWARE ORDERS.<br />
D 03404<br />
D 03409<br />
D 08809<br />
D 10209<br />
D 11509<br />
D 11909<br />
D 12009<br />
D 13409<br />
\<br />
vailable at your local computer<br />
store or order by phone<br />
1-800-631-0856<br />
In New jersey, call 201-843-0550, ext. 382.<br />
Apple and Applesoft are registered trademarks of the' Apple Computer<br />
Co., Inc.; TRS·BO is a registered trademark of Radio Shack,.lnc.; PET is a<br />
registered trademark of Commodore·Business Machines, Inc., none of<br />
which are affiliated with Hayden Book Company, Inc.<br />
Residents of NJ and CA must add sales tax. Offer good in USA only. Prices<br />
subject to change without notice.<br />
Name<br />
Address. __________________ Apt # ___ _<br />
City<br />
State ____________________ Zip<br />
Visa/Master Card#<br />
"' 0<br />
"'<br />
"' 0<br />
Exp. Date ____ _ "'<br />
"slide show" presentations on the Apple II.<br />
The slide shows run automatically or<br />
manually, using hand controllers or the<br />
keyboard to advance, backup, or view<br />
individual slides. Run-Time options of<br />
viewing time, multi-disk wrap-around, and<br />
special effects such as curtains, dissolves,<br />
spirals, and cuts, may be specified prior to<br />
the show, or changed mid-show. EBS<br />
offers true color text fonts, proportional<br />
characters, and total text positioning flex·<br />
ibility. The Draw feature enables the user<br />
to draw in any of the six Apple colors,<br />
creating borders, flow charts, and dia·<br />
grams. Provides drivers for Epson, Integral<br />
Data and Silentype printers. Color hard<br />
copy is also available, as EBS supports the<br />
IDS Prism Printer. Comes complete with a<br />
demonstration diskette and full documentation<br />
-$199. Professional Software Tech·<br />
nology, Inc., 180 Franklin Street, Cam·<br />
bridge, MA 02189 (617) 497-2077.<br />
Add memory to Persona Software's 16<br />
sector VisiCalc program with the new VC<br />
PLOS program. Add 82K or 145K of<br />
"free" memory space using one or two<br />
64K cards from Legend. The program<br />
comes on the 128KDE card's demo diskette,<br />
and is available as an update for the<br />
128KDE user. It also comes with the 64K<br />
card but is available for $34.95 for single<br />
64KC users. You will need a 48K Apple II<br />
and the Legend Industries 64KC or<br />
128KDE card. No language or other 16K<br />
card is needed. From your local dealer or<br />
contact: Legend Industries, Ltd., 2220<br />
Scott Lake Road, Pontiac, MI 48054 (313)<br />
674-0953.<br />
Omnifile is a full featured file manager<br />
and report generator-$49.95; Omnitrend<br />
is a powerful multiple regression trend<br />
analysis program with statistical calculations<br />
and extensive hi-res graphics<br />
$44.95; Omnigraph is a glexible data<br />
plotting program that allows X·Y plots, bar<br />
charts and pie chartS-$39.95. All three<br />
are available for $99.95. Also available is<br />
the Omnitest educational system, which<br />
allows you to build your own question and<br />
answer files on any subject, then review<br />
them in drill or quiz game mode-$29.95.<br />
Programs come on unlocked diskettes<br />
with listable code. Educational Computing<br />
Systems, Inc., 106 Fairbanks Road, Oak<br />
Ridge, TN 37830 (615) 483-4915.<br />
The Phone Chronicle is a new hardwaresoftware<br />
product that provides complete<br />
logging of pertinent data on all outgoing<br />
and incoming telephone calls. It logs date,<br />
time, number called, duration and identification<br />
code. The Phone Chronicle is available<br />
for Apple II and IBM personal computers.<br />
Consists of a plug in PC board, a<br />
complete software package, all cables<br />
and a user manual. Installation takes just a<br />
few minutes. Powered independently of<br />
the computer and operates even when the<br />
computer is turned off or when being<br />
used for other tasks. It has its own microprocessor<br />
and memory. The memory is<br />
used to buffer the call .data and has a<br />
battery back up so that data is not lost<br />
during a power failure. The on-board<br />
memory holds data from 150 calls. The<br />
extensive software package provided With<br />
the Phone Chronicle handles four rriaJor<br />
functions: Data Collection and transfer<br />
from the on-board memory to a disketter,<br />
Initialization program, System editor for<br />
preparing report formats and a Report<br />
Generator. Single line unit-$395; four<br />
line model is $695. Sycon, Inc., 3040 Scott<br />
Blvd., Santa Clara, CA 95050 (408) 727-<br />
2751.<br />
This Inventory and Stock Control System<br />
permits up to 2m500 stock items and 99<br />
suppliers: this can be increased to 3,000 if<br />
Jess information is stored for individual<br />
stock itmes. Stores stock description, prod·<br />
uct code reference, supplier code and<br />
name, quantity in stock (max 9,999), date<br />
of last sale, dte of last addition, level at<br />
which item should be re-ordered, quantity<br />
on order (max 9,999), date re-ordered,<br />
cost price (max $999.99), mark-up per·<br />
centage. Supplier name; quantity of each<br />
stock item sold to date is also stored.<br />
Menu driven program validates data entry.<br />
Password protected, the system includes<br />
complete documentation and user's<br />
manual-£225.00.Miau5y.;lemsl.td.,Summer·<br />
field House, Vale, Guernsey, Channel Islands,<br />
Europe-GB. (04811) 47377.<br />
Br~derbund Software is looking for new authors to join its<br />
international team of programmers. If you have a product. for<br />
the micro market, let us show you the advantages of working<br />
::.<strong>•</strong>.,.... ..-.-·::>' "With. ~ur team of design, production and distribution<br />
'.,~'.:':>"'-':· <strong>•</strong>: ..·,... spec1ahsts. .. ··, ,. ,,.~~':!' ' ""'_......<br />
Call or write for our free Authors Kit today or send us a .. .: ..:'.<br />
m~ch in e rea~able copy of your work for prompt re view undE!~:~ ·l· :)~2~~-<strong>•</strong>:.::<br />
strictest confidence. W W ·.. ··:°'.'/ :(<br />
w<br />
derbund Softwar<br />
., ,._., . ...·· ·······- ·····<br />
............ :.: :·<br />
1938 Fourth Street. San Rafael, CA 94901<br />
Get the facts about your stock market<br />
investments with the Stock Portfolio System<br />
and an Apple computer. Easy to use<br />
menu driveri system with. simple step by<br />
step documentation. FleXible format permits<br />
you to buy stocks or options, cash or<br />
margin, plus control your money market<br />
account. Features current portfolio status<br />
by position, totai funds balances, short<br />
and long term, plus much more. Advance<br />
notice of stocks going long term; dividends<br />
coming due; and options expiring.<br />
Complete records provide profit and loss<br />
statement; dividend income; all year to<br />
date-$149.95 plus $2 shipping. CA residents<br />
add 6% sales tax. Requires an Apple<br />
JN with 48K, 1 disk drive DOS 3.3 and<br />
applesoft in ROM. Will support a second<br />
disk and a printer. Smith Micro Software,<br />
P.O. Box 604, Sunset Beach, CA 90742<br />
(213) 592-1032.<br />
A new Depreciation/ ACRS Analysis System<br />
will handle three, five; ten and fifteen<br />
year ACRS property types and compare<br />
the ACRS deductions to the alternative<br />
straight line depreciation. The printed<br />
output shows each year's deduction for<br />
the ACRS method and the straight line<br />
method with the accumulated totals from<br />
previous years for each method allowing a<br />
complete analysis of both choices-$75.<br />
94 Apple Orchard
Gaining tnotnentUill.<br />
Introducing Datadex for the Corvus.<br />
Datadex is the easiest Data Base Management program for the Apple Computer.<br />
It is friendly, flexible and fast.<br />
Now it is available on the Apple Corvus Hard Disc.<br />
FAST.<br />
Datadex can sort a whole volume in 3 minutes.<br />
FASTER.<br />
Find any record in a 10 megabyte<br />
file in 10 seconds.<br />
FASTEST.<br />
Sort 500 records in memory<br />
in just 3 seconds.<br />
FASTEN YOUR SEAT BELTS.<br />
Datadex offers all this<br />
high-speed powerplus<br />
accessibility<br />
and security.<br />
The Omninet network<br />
provides 64 users<br />
simultaneous access to the<br />
data base, and features<br />
full customer lock-out<br />
for data security.<br />
Datadex.<br />
Friendly. Flexible. Fast.<br />
Information<br />
Unlimited<br />
Software, Inc.<br />
281 Arlington Avenue<br />
Berkeley, California 94707<br />
(415) 525-9452
Realty Software Company, 116 'J::' 8th<br />
Street, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 (213)<br />
372-9419.<br />
This program, called Forecaster, keeps<br />
track of one year's worth of weekly entries<br />
of data for up to 40 funds. Designed for<br />
mutual fund arid money market telephone<br />
switch option investors. It uses a for\vard<br />
difference algorithm to predict stock market<br />
trends, and then generates buy or sell<br />
signals. The progra111 manual is clearly<br />
written, and goes into some . financial<br />
background for the benefit of the beginning<br />
irivestpr. Detailed instructions in beginning<br />
your investment program and on<br />
the use .c)f the .Forecaster system are<br />
supplied. Features include a data plot<br />
function, automatic cakufotion of the percent<br />
gain or loss, and a sp~cial function<br />
that allows the user to do midweek checks<br />
on the investment without effecting the<br />
data base-$75 plus $2 shipping. A one<br />
year data base for 15 select funds is also<br />
available for $20. For Apple II; TRS 80 I & II,<br />
or CPIM Basic 80. Meta Software Engineering,<br />
P.O. Box 18056, Albuquerque,<br />
NM 87185.<br />
The General Ledger with Payables has a<br />
capacity of 2,000 ledger accounts, unlimited<br />
journal entries, 200 open payable<br />
accounts, 1,900 open invoices, values lip<br />
to $9,999,999,999.99, 1,000 checks per<br />
disk and user definable account numbers<br />
up to 10 digits. Prints checks, journal audit<br />
trails, balance sheets, income statements<br />
with budgets, history, month, year-to-date<br />
percentage and dollar change, department<br />
reports, check register and much<br />
more. The documentation is clearly written<br />
ahd segmented with tabs which correspond<br />
to numbered Junctions on the<br />
screen. Compatible with Brq' derbund Payroll<br />
and Accounts Receivable packages<br />
$495, Requires 64K Apple II or II Plus with<br />
DOS 3.3 or an Apple I I 1. two disk drives<br />
and a printer. Brq' derbund Software, Inc.,<br />
Business Software Division, 11938 Fourth<br />
Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 (415) 456-<br />
6425.<br />
New H-P plotter software, allows you to<br />
produce presentation-quality full-color business<br />
graphics using the Apple II or I 11 and<br />
Hewlett-Packard plotters. Produces barcharts,<br />
line charts, scatter diagrams and<br />
pie charts as well as text pages and signs,<br />
on paper or acetate (transparencies). Data<br />
can be entered manually or automatically<br />
froin VisiCalc and other programs. Charts<br />
can be edited, stored, and retrieved. Options<br />
include footnote and framing capabilities,<br />
a variety of hatchings and line<br />
types, exploded pie segments, linear regression<br />
and curve-fittings, logarithmic<br />
axes, and much more. Chart-Master is an<br />
interactive, menu:driven program that<br />
allows users, . whether managers or secretaries,<br />
to produce professional looking<br />
charts immediately, with little or no training.<br />
Simply enter your data, choose options,<br />
select a chart format, and Chart<br />
Master does the rest-$450. Decision<br />
Resources, 44 White Birch Road, Weston,<br />
CT 06883 (203) 222-1974.<br />
A new Snow Watch Weather Emergency<br />
System provides computerized school<br />
and business closings for use in a severe<br />
weather emergency by radio and television<br />
stations. Schools phone in unique code<br />
numbers to tell whether they are ppen or<br />
closed. Program completely organizes<br />
status reports and messages. Prints fl.ill or<br />
update reports for on-air use. Requires a<br />
48K Apple with CPI M, Disk H and a printer<br />
-$350 includes diskette, documentation,<br />
and consultation. Media Service Concepts,<br />
Inc., 1713 N. North Park, Chicago, IL<br />
60614.<br />
COMMCJNICATIONS<br />
With the Morse Decoder, you can connect<br />
your short wave CW receiver directly to<br />
any Apple II. No hardware interface is<br />
required. Software decodes Morse and<br />
prints or displays alphabetics. The pack·<br />
age will adjust to any speed or pitch at the<br />
touch of a key. Menu driven program has<br />
many useful features. The package comes<br />
on disk or cassette with complete docurrientation<br />
-$12.50. Bob Wiseman, 118<br />
St. Andrews Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45245.<br />
Nutrichec is a diet analysis program· which<br />
features: Calculation of physical activity<br />
level from 90 activities, adaptable; food<br />
data base based on 1980 RDA contains<br />
over 600 common foods, user expandable<br />
to over 900; displays and prints intake,<br />
suggested intake, percent of suggested,<br />
and index of nutrient quality for calories,<br />
fiber, fat, protein, 5 vitamins, and 6 minerals;<br />
missing data indicated; makes bar<br />
graph for percent of suggested intake.<br />
Requires 32K DOS 3.3 with Applesoft<br />
$59.95. Computer Consulting, 6723 E.<br />
66th Place, Tulsa, OK 74133 (918) 492-<br />
9036<br />
The Micro-Deutsch German Course set<br />
includes 24 grammar lessons, covering<br />
all material of an introductory German<br />
course. Four test units also included.<br />
Grammar lessons use substitution transformation<br />
drills, item ordering, translations<br />
and verb drills. Drill vocabulary based on<br />
frequency lists. Suitable for use with any<br />
high school or college textbook. Extensively<br />
field tested at SUNY Stony Brook<br />
$179. Krell Software Corp., 21 Millbrook<br />
Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11 790 ( 516) 751-<br />
5139. .<br />
The College Board S.A. T. Prqgram confronts<br />
the user with a virtually limitless<br />
series of questions and answers. Each is<br />
based on past exams and presents material<br />
on the same level of difficulty and in<br />
the same form used in the S.A.T. Scoring<br />
is provided in accordance with the formula<br />
used by College Boards. S.A.T., P.S.A.T.,<br />
N.M,S.Q.T.-Educator Edition set includes<br />
25 programs covering Vocabulary,<br />
Word Relationships, Reading Comprehension,<br />
Sentence Completion, and Mathematics.<br />
Independent tests of S.A.T. series<br />
performance show a mean total increase<br />
of 70 points in students' scores-$229.95.<br />
Graduate Record Exam series-Educator<br />
Edition includes 28 prdgrams covering<br />
Vocabulaty, Word Relationships, Reading<br />
Comprehension, Sentence Completion,<br />
Mathematics, AnalYf:ical Reasoning and<br />
Logical Diagrams-$289.95. Krell Software<br />
Corp., 21 Millbrook Drive, Stony<br />
Brook, NY 11790 (516) 751-5139.<br />
EDCJCATION<br />
Antfarm is a unique program designed to<br />
teach principles of good programming to<br />
children. Uses structured program control:<br />
sequence, selection, ieration, subprogram.<br />
Forces modularity of programs,<br />
rrtnemomic namig and encourages topdown<br />
design. In addition to the principles<br />
of good programming, Antfarm is fun.<br />
Kids have fun making the ant move, eat,<br />
plant, in interesting ways. Requires a 48K<br />
Apple with DOS 3.3-$49.95. Computer<br />
Consulting, 6723 E. 66th Place, Tulsa, OK<br />
74133 (918) 492-9036.<br />
Music Master is a curriculum for basic<br />
musicianship. Covers musical topics ranging<br />
from simple note recognition by ear to<br />
the identification of melodies achieved<br />
through interaction with a music keyboard.<br />
Designed for the beginning as well<br />
as the advanced music student, Music<br />
Master builds a solid foundation for performing,<br />
composing and orchestrating<br />
music. Uses the alphaSyntauri intelligent<br />
instrument. Available in self-cqntained<br />
modules on floppy diskette corresponding<br />
to three levels of mastery: beginner,<br />
intermediate, and advanced. Beginners<br />
module covers scales, intervals and triads.<br />
96 Apple Orchard
Intermediate and Advanced modules<br />
(available December 1982) will cover advanced<br />
topics such as movable do,<br />
rhythmic dictation, counterpoint and<br />
modulation. Built-in scoring software gives<br />
feedback at the end of sessions so that<br />
students and teachers can see progress<br />
and identify areas which have been mastered.<br />
Also includes reporting and teacher<br />
management sections-$150. Syntauri<br />
Corp., 35006 Waverly St., Palo Alto, CA<br />
94306 (415) 494-1017.<br />
Dietician is a new idea for the microcomputer.<br />
Make up a diet menu with specified<br />
content of calories, carbohydrates, proteins,<br />
fats, cholesterol and sodium. The<br />
program comes complete with the composition<br />
of 700 foods. Allows you to look<br />
at the composition of each food instantaneously<br />
before deciding to include it in<br />
your diet. Make as many menus as you<br />
like, each one with your own choice of<br />
foods. Make a different menu for each day<br />
of the week or the month. Takes only minutes<br />
to make up a menu. Store the menus<br />
on the diskette or print them out. Analyze<br />
popular advertised diets. Originally writter.<br />
for use in a physician's office. Now made<br />
available to the public. Requires Apple II or<br />
Apple II Plus with Applesoft in ROM and<br />
one disk drive with DOS 3.3. Printer desirable.<br />
Complete with documentation<br />
$59_95, Dietware, P.O. Box 503, Spring,<br />
TX 77373.<br />
Easily memorize verses of scripture with<br />
this unique Bible Quiz system. Enter the<br />
verses you wish to remember into the data<br />
base using the Add Verses program. The<br />
Bible Quiz program will then formulate<br />
questions on all of the verses you have<br />
selected to be quizzed on. There are five<br />
different types of questions each verse<br />
may have with a variety of different ways to<br />
ask each type: 1) reference a quoted<br />
verse, 2) give the topic of a verse number,<br />
3) quote a numbered verse, 4) pick the<br />
verse n·umber in a given chapter for a<br />
particular subject, 5) fill in the blanks of a<br />
verse. You may group your verses by<br />
Books of the Bible, topics, or whatever you<br />
wish. Requires DOS 3.3, or 3.3 and Applesoft<br />
ROM-$29.95. Professional Computer<br />
Systems, 318A Lincoln Ct. , Bloomingdale,<br />
IL 601 08.<br />
This Diagnostic Reading Software program<br />
is the first to use a diagnostic/remediation<br />
approach to teaching reading. PAL<br />
covers the entire scope of reading educa- ·<br />
tion for Grades 2 through 6. The curriculum<br />
has been validated against the top<br />
seven textbook readir.g series in the United<br />
States. PAL diagnoses the specific<br />
deficiencies in a child's reading ability,<br />
and prescribes remediation exercises<br />
directly targeted atthe problem diagnosed.<br />
The program evaluates up to 40 major<br />
reading skils and up to 160 subskills per<br />
grade level. The Master Disk contains an<br />
GET THE FACTS ABOUT<br />
YOUR STOCK MARKET<br />
INVESTMENTS . ....<br />
WITH THE STOCK PORTFOLIO SYSTEM AND AN APPLE 'coMPUTER<br />
LASY TO USF - menu driven plus simple step by<br />
step documentation<br />
FIFXIBLF - buy stocks or options, cash or<br />
margin, plus control your money market account<br />
QUICK A CC URA TE RFPOHTING - current<br />
portfolio status by position, total funds balances,<br />
short and long term, plus much more<br />
VALllABLF TIMING AWS - advance notice of:<br />
stocks going long term: dividends coming due;<br />
and options expiring<br />
COMPLETE RFCORDS - profit and loss<br />
statement, dividend income plus more. . . . all<br />
year to date, great for tax reporting<br />
. .. .. the STOCK PORTFOLIO SYSTEM for the informed investor<br />
tt/e SMITH MlCRO SOFT-WARE<br />
1'.Cl . BOX 604<br />
Sl lNSI T BLACH. CA 90742 .(21 3) 592-1032<br />
" APPLE TRADEMARK O F APPLE CO MPUTERS. INC.<br />
ASK YOllH DLAl.LH or OHDLH DIHl .Cll Y<br />
( >nl y $149.95 plu s $2 shipping<br />
( ·A H:esidPnb f1dd 6 'Y., scilPs tl'l x<br />
Check or COD<br />
upper/lorer case chip for the Apple II<br />
which allows PAL to present exercises in a<br />
"real world" format. Each reading Package<br />
contains one Discovery Disk, which<br />
performs the diagnostic testing, and one<br />
or two Learning Disks, which provides<br />
300-400 remediation exercises for each<br />
grade level. Keeps records for up to 30<br />
students and gives an update on each<br />
student's progress every time he/ she signs<br />
on the machine-$99.95 per package.<br />
Universal Systems for Education, Inc.,<br />
2120 Academy Circle, Suite E, Colorado<br />
Springs, CO 80909 (303) 574-4575.<br />
Ghostwriter Authoring System allows<br />
non-programmers to easily create, modify<br />
and update sophisticated interactive video<br />
or CAI programs. Designed to to accommodate<br />
both novice and expert authors,<br />
the Ghostwriter provides graphics capability,<br />
a comprehensive word processor /text<br />
editor, unlimited branching, and scoring<br />
of responses. Unique printer capability<br />
provides authors with complete lesson<br />
listings at any time during program development<br />
and a lesson verification process<br />
identifies any errors or omissions. The<br />
Ghostwriter is offered with an on-line<br />
manual easily accessible from any point in<br />
lesson development, as well as printed<br />
documentation. Programs created with<br />
the Ghostwriter can be utilized in training,<br />
education, point-of-purchase, and other<br />
information management applications.<br />
Requires a 48K Apple II with Applesoft<br />
ROM and two disk drives and a 16K RAM<br />
card. A student station requires only one<br />
disk drive and a 16K memory card. CA VRI<br />
Systems, Inc., 26 Trumbull Street, New<br />
Haven, CT 06511 (203) 562-4979.<br />
FINANCIAL<br />
The Home Accountant maintains up to<br />
1 00 budget categories, keeps track of up<br />
to five checkbooks. Prints checks is desired.<br />
Prints a personal b~lance sheet and<br />
a net worth statement. Handles cash,<br />
checkbooks, credit cards and other liabilities<br />
and expenses. Allows multiplle diskettes<br />
and automatic transactions. Provides<br />
fast bank reconciliation. Custom search<br />
and retrieval of transaction information.<br />
Maintains a transaction history. Provides<br />
graphics for any category by bar graph,<br />
line graph and trend analysis-$74.95.<br />
Continental Software, 16724 Hawthorne<br />
Blvd., Lawndale, CA 90260 (213)<br />
371-5612.<br />
The Accountant Version 4.4 has new features<br />
giving you more flexibility and ease<br />
of use than earlier vesions. The capability<br />
to enter transactions out of sequence has<br />
been added. This new version automaticallytakes<br />
advantage of the extra memory<br />
made available by a 16K RAM card in Slot<br />
Zero. Names of accounts or code names<br />
may be reviewed or printed when needed.<br />
98 Apple Orchard
Another new feature permits you to<br />
" group" accounts so that the sum of the<br />
balances of a group of accounts can be<br />
displayed. One of the most powerful additions<br />
to The Accountant permits multiple<br />
automatic transaction files to be specified.<br />
A split transaction mode allows you to<br />
split one transaction into several different<br />
ones to correctly record where " Jump"<br />
sums were spent, etc. Standard features<br />
of The Accountant include automatic<br />
double entry, natural language dialog,<br />
balance sheet, flexible query system, fast<br />
retrieval, data compression, interated files,<br />
memory management, on-keyboard cal·<br />
culator, scroll and page modes, automatic<br />
transactions, monthly summaries and<br />
output formats for either screen or printer.<br />
Complete documentation in attractive<br />
binder with demonstration data base,<br />
tutorial, and command summaries. Requires<br />
an Apple II with Applesoft in ROM<br />
and 48K of memory-$99.95. DBCALC is<br />
an interface program designed to extract<br />
i11formation from the Accountant's data<br />
base and create a VisiCalc file to your<br />
specifications. VisiCalc can either load the<br />
file thus created or overlay the data to a<br />
pre-formatted screen. You specify the<br />
accounts and codes for which you would<br />
like information output and the column<br />
and row for each actual and projected<br />
value to be inserted in the VisiCalc file. -<br />
$20. (requires VisiCalc). Decision Support<br />
Software, 1438 Ironwood Drive, McLean,<br />
VA 22101(703)241-8316.<br />
GAMES/SIMULATIONS<br />
Time: June, 1943. Place: North Atlantic.<br />
The German Wolf Packs have been driven<br />
from their hunting grounds by Allied<br />
escort vessels and massive air attacks. But<br />
unknown to the Allies is a Nazi super sub<br />
completed well ahead of schedule: The<br />
Mark XXL Fathoms 40 mkes you the<br />
German skipper of this super sub with<br />
your mission to totally destroy enemy allied<br />
merchant shipping-$39.95. Also availa·<br />
ble: Cloak & Dagger, which pits you<br />
against the computer, or other players, as<br />
head of an intelligence agency trying to<br />
stay one step ahead of its rivals. Moving<br />
agents from capital to capital, ferreting<br />
information, and offering bribes are fun·<br />
damental parts of each player's turn . ..<br />
and your survivaJ-$39.95. Horizon Simulations,<br />
7561 Crater Lake Highway, White<br />
City, OR 97503 (503) 826-3630.<br />
Night Mission, a beautiful and sophisti·<br />
cated new pinball simulation offers super·<br />
ior ball action and flipper control, and<br />
many subtle perfections which will result<br />
in your superior enjoyment. Night Mission<br />
permits up to 4 players- $29.95. At your<br />
local dealer or contact: subLogic, 71 3<br />
Edgebrook Drive, Champaign, IL 61820<br />
(21 7) 359-8382.<br />
The Count is a systematic approach to<br />
Blackjack play which eliminates the house<br />
edge and maximizes the player's oppor·<br />
tunity to win. Learn in as few a two even·<br />
ings! The Count teaches a basic playing<br />
strategy, without counting the cards.<br />
Instead, it teaches you a hand counting<br />
method which has been proven to give the<br />
player an edge over the casino. The Count<br />
can also be a game for the kids. Requires a<br />
48K Apple II with DOS 3.3-$24.95. Pear<br />
Software, 407 Terrace, Ashland, OR 97520<br />
(503) 482-8122.<br />
International Gran Prix, a realistic racing<br />
game, features five Grand Prix style road<br />
circuits, including: Oulton Park, Warwick<br />
Farm, Karlskoga, and Monaco. Five speed<br />
manual or automatic transmission (with<br />
or without cruise control) and eight levels<br />
of difficulty. Permit speeds to 198 MPH,<br />
controlled skids, spinouts, hairpin turns,<br />
narrow corners, obstacles, identified cir·<br />
cuit features, " Christmas tree" controlled<br />
start, switch for silent operation, fully<br />
instrumented control panel, moving speed<br />
tape, lap counter, gear and RPM indicators,<br />
operating fuel gauge-$30. Riverbank<br />
Software, Inc., P.O. Box 128, Denton, MD<br />
21629 (301) 479-1312.<br />
With Horizon V and Russki Duck, Nasir<br />
outdoes himself again; this time with<br />
three-dimensional effects in a simulated<br />
space battle that rivals the best of arcade<br />
machines. From the open plains of alien<br />
planetoids to the twisting vortex of time,<br />
Horizon Vis destined to be the measure of<br />
three-dimensional simulation. Requires<br />
48K Apple II or II Plus with a disk drive.<br />
Russki Duck is a real-time adventure. As a<br />
secret agent working for the DIA, you<br />
must recover the stolen LX missile plans<br />
before foreign agents can smuggle them<br />
out of the country-hidden in a duck<br />
Requires 48K Apple II or II Plus with disk<br />
drive. Prices not given. At your local dealer<br />
or contact: Gebelli Software, Inc., 1 71<br />
Tribute Road, Suite A, Sacramento, CA<br />
95815.<br />
In Apventure to Atlantis, a new fast action<br />
game by Robert Clardy, the forces of<br />
sorcery are gathering to repulse the<br />
marauding scientific Atlantean Kingdom.<br />
The epic battle can end either in the enslavement<br />
of the world or the absolute<br />
destruction of Atlantis. More color and<br />
sound, highly detailed animation, arcadelike<br />
action, true role playing, greater chal·<br />
Ienge, unending variety and endless en·<br />
joyment are yours. Requires careful plan·<br />
ning and strategy, quick thinking and<br />
reflexes, as well as a 48K Apple II with<br />
DOS 3.3 and paddles-$40. At your local<br />
dealer or contact: Synergistic Software,<br />
5221 120th Ave., S.E., Bellevue, WA<br />
98006 (206) 226-321 6.<br />
Appleopoly, a Hi-Res graphic implemen·<br />
tation of a long-time favorite board game,<br />
provides sound effects, shows dice rolling<br />
and tokens moving. Automatically manages<br />
bank accounts-$29.95. Requires<br />
48K Apple II DOS 3.3: Computer Consult·<br />
ing, 6723 E. 66th Place, Tulsa, OK 74133<br />
(918) 492-9036.<br />
.Midnight Magic Pinball; this amazing elec·<br />
tronic pinball experience brings all of the<br />
fast action and tension of a real pinball<br />
game to the computer screen. For one to<br />
four players. You have flippers top and<br />
bottom, bumper action, rollovers. All the<br />
sounds of a classic arcade pinball<br />
machine. Outstanding graphics. Even<br />
permits tilting. You control the release<br />
velocity and if you' re good, you can trip up<br />
to three balls for simultaneous play. Keeps<br />
a record of the top ten players (optional)<br />
$34. 95. At your local dealer or contact:<br />
Broderbund Software, 1938 Fourth Street,<br />
San Rafael, CA 94901(415)456-6424.<br />
Crossword Magic will help teach any subject<br />
at any grade level. You supply words<br />
from any subject, Crossword Magic<br />
automatically interconnects them to form<br />
a puzzle. Play your own creations on the<br />
computer or print a hard copy playable<br />
version. High resolution graphics with<br />
hard copy graphics on 20 different print·<br />
ers and a save game feature are standard.<br />
Develops typing skills and increases vo·<br />
cabulary and spelling skills-$49.95 in·<br />
eludes a lifetime diskette warranty. Add $3<br />
handling and postage. Requires an Apple<br />
II or II Plus with 48K of memory and DOS<br />
3.3. L&S Computerware, 589 Fraser Drive,<br />
Sunnyvale, CA 94087 (408) 738-3416.<br />
The Mate Chess System is a strategy<br />
game peripheral which comes complete<br />
with a powerful chess program on cas·<br />
sette: true sensor chessboard with magnetic<br />
chess pieces and available in con·<br />
figurations fr the Apple II, Commodore<br />
Pet, and TRS 80. All you do is move the<br />
pieces. The computer will sense the move<br />
and respond through LED lights on each<br />
square of the board. Of course, the computer<br />
display screen will continue to show<br />
the game in progress. Plays world class<br />
computer chess with a top program from<br />
Applied Concepts, makers of the world·<br />
famous Boris and Morphy chess programs.<br />
Upgradable programs will be<br />
available at the same frequency that ACI<br />
upgrades its dedicated Home Chess<br />
Computers. New programs are designed<br />
consistently to maintain ACl's reputation<br />
of having the strongest chess programs<br />
available on the market. Destiny, 207<br />
North Kirby, Garland, TX 75042 (214)<br />
494-0281.<br />
100 Apple Orchard
High<br />
High<br />
High<br />
High<br />
TeChnology<br />
Technology<br />
Technology<br />
Technology<br />
Transit Job Control inforrnotion Dex: tor's<br />
System Moster Office<br />
Cornoonion<br />
High<br />
Technology<br />
The Store<br />
Manager<br />
High<br />
TeChnology _____________ ___,_____----------+<br />
-----,----p()st·---- Th$ Order Chem Lao D1~k,'_\)-;Cr-iec_k<br />
-----.:'.:.; ll;;; o;;o: si2~-r;;.,,__.a,. ___.._____ $C~l;!Jf?,.'-' r ,..._ ,,,,_ -""---~.....?1m1.;1otions'<br />
High<br />
Technology<br />
Post<br />
Moster<br />
H~h<br />
Technology<br />
The Order<br />
Scheduler<br />
H~h<br />
Technology<br />
Chem Lob<br />
Simulations.<br />
High<br />
Technology<br />
Disk-0 -Check<br />
High<br />
Technology<br />
Client Billing<br />
System
Arcade Machine lets you create your own<br />
arcade games. No knowledge of pro·<br />
gramming necessary. Each time you use<br />
the Broderbund Arcade Machine, you will<br />
generate a new, copy-protected disk containing<br />
on it an arcade game of your own<br />
design! Your games will have the following<br />
features: Animated full-color monsters and<br />
other players as designed and drawn by<br />
you (or select from a medley of creatures<br />
on the Arcade Machine disk). Dramatic<br />
shoot-' em-up explosions and sound effects,<br />
automatic scoring and high score<br />
features, fat-loading auto-boot to title page.<br />
Colorful title page with your title and name<br />
in large graphic letters (like other Broderbund<br />
games). One or two player options,<br />
several skill levels, optional gravity effects.<br />
Menu driven for easy use, regardless of<br />
age or ability! Your arcade programs are<br />
created entirely in machine language for<br />
fast and smooth arcade-quality animation<br />
-$44.95. Requires Apple II or Apple II<br />
Plus and one disk drive. Broderbund<br />
Software, 1938 Fourth Street, San Rafael,<br />
CA 94901(415)456·6424.<br />
Computer Baseball has won Electronic<br />
Games Magazines 1982 Award for Best<br />
Computer Sports Game. Designed for the<br />
Apple II and /// home computers, Computer<br />
Baseball lets you manage your own<br />
team or an historical major league team.<br />
Each manager has a variety of offensive<br />
plays to choose from, including the suice<br />
squeeze, bunting, stealing a base, or running<br />
the bases conservatively or aggressively,<br />
to name just a few. Defensively, he<br />
may choose between a number of ways to<br />
play his infield and outfield, choose<br />
whether or not to pitch to power hitters,<br />
and he can even go to his bullpen for a<br />
relief pitcher. The relief pitcher won't be<br />
worth much on the moound, though, if<br />
the manager has not given him sufficient<br />
time to warm up. The computer can act as<br />
manager of one team for solitaire play, or<br />
it can manage both teams at once. At your<br />
local dealer or contact: Strategic Simulations,<br />
Inc., 465 Fairchild Drive, Suite 108,<br />
Mountain View, CA 94043 (415)<br />
964-1353.<br />
The Road to Gettysburg is a boardassisted<br />
computer game which effectively<br />
simulates the feel of command of an<br />
American Civil War army. The only means<br />
of communication a commander has with<br />
his troops is the frustrating dispatch system<br />
that generals had to contend with in<br />
1863. Knowledge of troop positions<br />
comes only from reconaissance reports.<br />
Players must deal with misinterpretation<br />
of orders and even disobedience from<br />
corps commanders (played by the computer)<br />
whose abilities are based on historical<br />
factors. Weather and fatigue affect the<br />
corps' morale and may even result in<br />
"straggling." Thus, a player must be careful<br />
about which march mode he chooses<br />
for his troops. Two scenarios are available:<br />
(I) the week long campaign allowing a<br />
great deal of movement strategy, and (2)<br />
the actual three-day Battle of Gettysburg<br />
where combat strategies prevail. There is<br />
also a solitaire scenario for players who<br />
wish to test their skills against the computer-$59.<br />
95. Includes one diskette, rule<br />
book, player aid card, map board and 100<br />
counters. Requires a 48K Apple II with<br />
Applesoft ROM or Apple II Plus or Apple<br />
///. Strategic Simulations, Inc., 465 Fairchild<br />
Drive, Suite 108, Mountain View, CA<br />
94043 (415) 964-1353.<br />
Pursuit of the Graf Spee is a simulation of<br />
the maneuvers and battles of the famous<br />
German pocket battleship in the South<br />
Atlantic in 1939. The Graf Spee attempts<br />
to destroy as many merchant ships as<br />
possible without being sighted by Allied<br />
warships. Players experience the real feel ·<br />
of the chase, with each ship rated for<br />
speed and strength, with fuel restrictions<br />
and refueling capabilities, and a realistic<br />
system for visibility and sighting. The<br />
game includes a chase-oriented scenario<br />
and a combat oriented scenario simulating<br />
the Battle of the River Plate. The 19 x<br />
19 square grid map is displayed in Hi-Res<br />
graphics-$59.95. Requres a 48K Apple II<br />
with Applesoft ROM or Apple II Plus or<br />
Apple ///. Strategic Simulations, Inc., 465<br />
Fairchild Drive, Suite 108, Mountain View,<br />
CA 94043 (415) 964-1353.<br />
Audex is a collection of sound effect utility<br />
programs that allows you to create sounds,<br />
edit them, and play them back from your<br />
own BASIC or Assembly language programs.<br />
Use the keyboard and the graphics<br />
screen to " draw" sounds and edit them.<br />
These can be tones, squalks, thumps or<br />
anything you choose. You can also take<br />
sounds from the Apple cassette input and<br />
edit portions of this audio data for use as<br />
sound effects. Connect short sounds together<br />
into more complex and extended<br />
audio interludes. With it you can create<br />
warbling sounds, musical tunes and even<br />
synthesize speech. Relocatable machine<br />
language routines allow you to easily reproduce<br />
sound effects, musical tones or<br />
speech segments from within your own<br />
Applesoft programs. At your local dealer<br />
or contact: Sirius Software, 10364 Rockingham<br />
Drive, Sacramento, CA 95827<br />
(916) 366-1195.<br />
Killer Jellyfish? This game places you in<br />
combat with a killer jellyfish. You are racing<br />
against a rival Soviet submarine to<br />
recover valuable nuclear warheads from<br />
the ocean floor, when your encounter this<br />
substantial obstacle. Shoot them and they<br />
break into sma~~r pieces and keep coming<br />
(undoubtedly nuclear mutants). For<br />
one or two playes in colorful high-resolution<br />
graphics. Written in machine language.<br />
Requires and Apple II or II Plus with<br />
48K and one disk drive. Playable with keyboard,<br />
Apple paddles or joystick At your<br />
local dealer or contact: Sirius Software,<br />
10364 Rockingham Drive, Sacramento,<br />
CA 95827 (916) 366-1195.<br />
GRAPHICS<br />
The Graphics Magician is a software<br />
package that lets you create smooth animation<br />
in your own programs. Add graphics<br />
to adventure games (or any other<br />
program that requires many pictures and<br />
objects to be easily and quickly accessible),<br />
and create and use a new type of<br />
Apple shape table. The animation routines<br />
give you the power to easily program<br />
smooth, machine language animation ...<br />
even from BASIC. You can easily build<br />
object and path tables, then load them<br />
with our routines into your programs.<br />
These routines have the same animation<br />
techniques used in the best Apple arcade<br />
games. Includes a picture/ object editor<br />
that allows you to create Hi-Res pictures<br />
and objects in over 100 colors, and save<br />
hundreds of them on a single disk to be<br />
quickly recalled and reconstructed. The<br />
shape editor allows you to create a new<br />
type of shape table that includes color and<br />
angles that are preserved on scaling and<br />
rotations. Shapes in these tables are more<br />
compact than those in normal Apple<br />
shape tables and the subroutines used to<br />
display them can be used in your own<br />
programs-$59.95. Penguin Software,<br />
830 4th Avenue, Geneva, IL 60134 (312)<br />
232-1984.<br />
The Apple Flasher, a powerful software<br />
package, is used to locate and display<br />
standard Apple II high resolution graphic<br />
files from DOS 3.3 disks. The program<br />
bypasses ordinary DOS routines in order<br />
to display files as pictures in about 1.5<br />
seconds each. Display modes include: ( 1)<br />
single key selection of any file on disk, (2)<br />
continuous scan of all files on disk with<br />
new picture on screen every 1.5 seconds,<br />
(3) carousel projector simulation controlled<br />
by either of the game controllers<br />
(or the keyboard) to display screens from<br />
1 or 2 drives with instant access to both<br />
next and previous "slide," (4) and continuous<br />
display of all screens on 1 or 2 drives<br />
(up to 30 pictures) with individual control<br />
of display time for each picture as used in<br />
advertising displays, etc. Requires Apple II<br />
Plus or Apple II with ROM Applesoft, 1 or 2<br />
disk drives and DOS 3.3. Game controllers<br />
for projector simulation optional<br />
$34.50 plus $1 handling. Crow Ridge<br />
Associates, P.O. Box 90, New Scotland,<br />
NY 12127 (518) 765-3620.<br />
Superplotter is a professionally oriented<br />
package, highly versatile business, engineering,<br />
educational, math and graphics<br />
102 Apple Orchard
application package featuring pie graphs,<br />
standard bar graphs, point and line graphs,<br />
display of any mathematical function,<br />
least squares polynomial curvefit generation,<br />
keyboard image shape tables and<br />
user tutorial, automatic graphics disk<br />
storage and recall, data file editor, auto·<br />
matic disk storage and recall of editor data<br />
files, overlay modes, and a graphics screen<br />
text editor. Requires Applesoft and one<br />
DOS 3.3 disk drive-$69.95. Dickens Data<br />
Systems, 478 Engle Drive, Tucker, GA<br />
30084 (800) 241 -6753 or in GA call (404)<br />
491-7905.<br />
LANGUAGES/PROGRAMMING<br />
The Applesoft Compiler (TASC) converts<br />
a standard Applesoft BASIC program into<br />
super-fast machine code. By increasing<br />
program execution speed up to 20 times,<br />
Microsoft gives you a powerful tool for<br />
Applesoft BASIC programming. TASC<br />
will compile and run larger programs than<br />
any other Applesoft Compiler. As a disk·<br />
based system, it doesn't require the simultaneous<br />
presence of compiler and pro·<br />
gram in memory. The memory you save<br />
allows you to compile significantly bigger<br />
programs. Code expansion of up to 100%<br />
severely restricts other compilers. TASC' s<br />
special code compression schemes typic·<br />
ally limit code expansion to only 25%.<br />
Chaining with COMMON allows compiled<br />
programs to share variables, so a main<br />
menu supports several programs in a sin·<br />
gle runtime environment. True Integer<br />
Arithmetic and lnteg~r FOR . .. NEXT<br />
capabilities maximize the execution speed<br />
of compiled programs. TASC's near total<br />
compability with Applesoft speeds compi·<br />
lation of existing programs with little or no<br />
modification. Price not given. At your local<br />
dealer or contact: Microsoft Consumer<br />
Products, 10700 Northup Way, Bellevue,<br />
WA98004.<br />
The Tool takes care of the busywork of<br />
programming while you concentrate on<br />
creativity. Design attractive entry screens,<br />
validate, format, and store user input, with<br />
virtually no programming. The Tool does<br />
it for you. What used to take days- even<br />
weeks-now takes only minutes. The Tool<br />
provides an entry screen generator, a data·<br />
base manager, and a report formatter,<br />
each with very sophisticated capabilities<br />
such as screen editing, field formatting<br />
and entry validation, multiple disk files,<br />
Corvus or floppy support, record lengths<br />
as large as memory, fast read and write,<br />
report printing with pagination, subtotals,<br />
multiple column widths. No price given.<br />
High Technology Software Products, Inc.,<br />
P.O. Box S-14665, 2201 N.E. 63rd, Okla·<br />
homa City, OK 73113 (405) 478-2105.<br />
MAL/80 is an adaptation of SMAL, a<br />
structured macro Assembly language<br />
developed at Bell Labs in the 1970's.<br />
Incorporates an easily-learned processor·<br />
independent symbolic notation system,<br />
closely resembling a high level language,<br />
that makes programs easy to read, debug<br />
and maintain; use of the three basic struc·<br />
tured programming constructs bEGIN<br />
... END, IF . .. ThEN . . . ELSE, and<br />
LOOP ... REPEAT; an extremely flexible,<br />
independent macro and text pre-processor<br />
which allows the programmer to create<br />
his own programming environment; a<br />
compiler/linker which permits input<br />
source and its own relocatable object<br />
code to be mixed, creating modular pro·<br />
grams in a truly top-down fashion; an<br />
automatic translator which upgrades<br />
existing assembly language programs to<br />
SMAL/80; and more. 136-page user's<br />
guide and an abridged pocket guide. On<br />
CP/M disks for $150, with manual.<br />
Chromed Associates, 1030 Park Avenue,<br />
Hoboken, NJ 07030 (201) 653-7615.<br />
"Softdisk" Magazine is entirely contained.<br />
on a floppy disk. The January issue featured<br />
Lisa and animated Hi-Res photo·<br />
graphs, 21 subscriber-contributed pro·<br />
grams-seven games, four novelties, three<br />
Hello programs, two for teachers, three<br />
utilities, two for home and business. Subs<br />
ription cost is $10 for the first issue you<br />
order and $5 for each succeeding issue<br />
when the prior diskette is returned. Soft<br />
Disk 3811 St. Vincent, Shreveport, LA<br />
71108.<br />
This is the first full-scale, commecial implementation<br />
of Modula-2, a simple but<br />
powerful new programming language designed<br />
for the Apple II. Modula-2 is a high·<br />
level language designed by Pascal's crea·<br />
tor, Niklaus Wirth of the Federal Institute<br />
of Technology in Zurich. Features pro·<br />
vided by Modula-2 include modules, pro·<br />
cesses, separate compilation, dynamic<br />
array parameters, and low-level machine<br />
access. Requires a 64K Apple II with the<br />
Apple Pascal operating system. The com·<br />
piler accepts the full Modula-2 language<br />
with minor implementation restrictions.<br />
Programs are compiled into p-code.<br />
Separate compilation is fully supported,<br />
with up to 50 separately compiled modules<br />
per program. No linking is required; module<br />
binding is performed at run time.<br />
Modula-2 consists of a p-code interpreter<br />
(which is upward compatible with the<br />
Apple Pascal interpreter), a fast, one-pass<br />
compiler, a library management utility,<br />
and a standard module library. Modules<br />
provided include 1/0, strings, storage al·<br />
location, program loader, process sche·<br />
duler, and mathematical functions-$550.<br />
Volition Systems, P.O. Box 1236, Del Mar,<br />
CA 92014 (714) 457-3865.<br />
UTILITIES<br />
Disk Library is an elegant, user-oriented<br />
system for creating and maintaining a<br />
thorough, cross-referenced index of all<br />
your disk-based programs and data files. It<br />
provides for automatic entry into your<br />
library file of the full catalog of any Apple<br />
diskette. Disks formatted under other<br />
operating systems (such as Pascal and<br />
CP/ M) are easily entered from the keyboard.<br />
Written entirely in machine code,<br />
Disk Library's operation is both smooth<br />
and swift. Super fast machine language<br />
sorts. Works with all disks created under<br />
DOS 3.1 , 3.2, and 3.3. Block actions<br />
include global editing and deleting. Instant<br />
searches by full or partial string. 100 page<br />
user's guide provides introductory and<br />
advanced tutorials, a reference section<br />
and an applications section-$49.95 plus<br />
$2.50 shipping and handling. Modular<br />
Media, 11060 Paradela St., Miami, FL<br />
33156 (305) 661-7310.<br />
Key Perfect is a program verification tool<br />
that reads a BASIC or machine language<br />
program which you have typed in from a<br />
magazine listing and produces a Check<br />
Code table that will assist in verifying correct<br />
entry of your program. Although not<br />
all magazines publish these tables, "nocharge"<br />
copies will be made available to<br />
other magazines to encourage their use of<br />
this powerful verification method. Runs on<br />
any Apple II or Apple II Plus with DOS 3.2,<br />
3.2.1, or 3.3, and works equally well on<br />
Applesoft programs Integer programs and<br />
any kind of binary file. The minimum system<br />
requirements are 24K of memory<br />
and one disk drive-$29.95. At your local<br />
dealer or contact Micro-SPARC Systems<br />
Division, Dept. P, Box 325, Lincoln, MA<br />
01773 (617) 259-9710.<br />
Amper·Sort/Merge is a utility program<br />
that sorts from 1 to 5 standard Apple II<br />
DOS 3.3 text files in a single pass and<br />
merges them into a single file-simultaneously<br />
sorting them into ascending or<br />
descending order in up to 5 different sort<br />
fields. It processes sequential or random<br />
access text files. If the entire input files will<br />
not fit into memory, it creates and merges<br />
sorted files into a single output file. The<br />
maximum combined size of the unsorted<br />
input files is about 125K. Written in<br />
machine language to achieve exceptional<br />
speed. Compatible with most commercial<br />
data base programs that create standard<br />
Apple II DOS 3.3 text files and can be used<br />
in place of the slow BASIC sort/ merge<br />
programs that are used in these data base<br />
programs. Utility/ training disk and a 24·<br />
page manual-$49.95 plus $3 postage<br />
and handling. S&H Software, Box 5, Manvel,<br />
ND 582556 (701) 696-2574.<br />
'<br />
The Universal Boot Initializer will create a<br />
DOS 3.2.1 disk that boots directly on 13·<br />
or 16-sector systems and load a RAM<br />
Card (in 1.7 seconds) with the " missing"<br />
BASIC language and executes a BASIC,<br />
Binary or EXEC greeting program in Drive<br />
1 or 2. Alternatively it can produce a DOS<br />
104 Apple Orchard
It's a fact. A single chart or graph can tell you instantly what it<br />
takes hours to interpret from printouts or other raw data.<br />
Now, with the Strobe 100 Graphics Plotter and Software<br />
package, you can create superb hardcopy graphics directly<br />
from your computer. And you can do it for a fraction of the cost<br />
of most other systems.·<br />
The Strobe System transforms complex data into<br />
dynamic, colorful visuals with a<br />
few simple commands from your<br />
computer. Charts and transparencies<br />
that once took hours to produce<br />
are plotted within minutes.<br />
Information can be presented as<br />
bar charts, pie charts, curves or<br />
isometrics in a variety of colors.<br />
And with a resolution of 500<br />
points per inch, the Strobe 100<br />
matches or surpasses the quality<br />
of plotters costing thousands of<br />
dollars more.<br />
You can also save and modify your graphics through<br />
Strobe's menu-driven programs. A broad selection of<br />
software-including a VisiCalc*-compatible programis<br />
now available.<br />
When the Strobe Graphics System is interfaced to your<br />
computer, an 8-1/2 x 11 inch sheet of paper can speak anyone's<br />
language-visually. Visit your local dealer and learn<br />
how to start charting your fortunes<br />
today. Because a perspective<br />
on the present can also be your<br />
window on the future.<br />
The Strobe Graphics System<br />
Seeing is believing<br />
I<br />
STROBE<br />
I RPORATED<br />
Strobe Inc.<br />
897-5A Independence Avenue<br />
Mountain View, CA 94043<br />
Telephone 415/969-5130<br />
*VisiCalc is a trademark of VisiCorp.
3.3 disk that boots directly on 16-sector<br />
systems and functions similarly. In addition<br />
to creating customized or universal<br />
booting disk, the UBI Utility program uses<br />
a Directory Title Formatting procedure<br />
which allows individualization of each disk<br />
with a unique catalog title. Includes a 32-<br />
page instruction manual in addition to a<br />
training disk on the reverse of the utility<br />
disk-$49.95 plus $3 postage & handling.<br />
S&H Software, Box 5, Manvel, ND 58256<br />
(701) 696-2574.<br />
Apple-Cillin II is a comprehensive diagnostic<br />
system developed to check the performance<br />
of your Apple II or Apple II Plus<br />
and its peripherals. Apple-Cillin II will verify<br />
over two dozen hardware operations, and<br />
either identify a specific problem or give<br />
your hardware a clean bill of healthquickly<br />
and easily. Works with 13 and 16<br />
sector drives. It is written entirely in as·<br />
sembly language and is compatible with<br />
any Apple II or Apple II Plus with 48K of<br />
RAM and one or more disk drives. Features<br />
linked tests, 6502 CPU test, printed<br />
results, disk speed text. Boots from any<br />
slot-$49.95. XPS, Inc., 323 York Road,<br />
Carlisle, PA 17013 (800) 233-7512 or in<br />
PA call (717) 243-5373.<br />
The J.O.Y. Spooler is a software program<br />
that actually lets your Apple print and<br />
compute simultaneously. You'll be able to<br />
run programs from your keyboard at the<br />
same time your printer is working. J.O.Y. is<br />
not a microbuffer. Its application is not<br />
limited to parallel printer. In fact, J.0.Y.<br />
works with any printer, card and slot. With<br />
DOS 3.3 and 48K ofRAM,J.0.Y. can print<br />
text files or Applesoft program files. And it<br />
costs only a refreshing $39.95. XPS, Inc.,<br />
323 York Road, Carlisle, PA 17013 (800)<br />
233-7512 in PA call (717) 243-5373.<br />
The Advanced X-tended Editor (AXE) is a<br />
professional programming aid which provides<br />
the user with a "text-editor" style<br />
extension to the standard Applesoft aper·<br />
ating system. Operating alongside DOS,<br />
Monitor and Applesoft, AXE remains<br />
transparent to the user until called upon<br />
by one of over thirty commands. Features<br />
global search and replacement, including<br />
wildcards, selected changes, and line<br />
number references, full character insert<br />
gobble and delete, enhanced curso;<br />
movement including search ahead and<br />
position, two packed list edit modes, recall<br />
editing modes, user programmable keyboard<br />
macros, four list formats, including<br />
unique break list format for easier reading,<br />
understanding, and editing of code. Also<br />
provides auto line numbering and lower<br />
case character entry. The resident BASIC<br />
program may be run at anytime. Requires<br />
Apple II or II Plus, Applesoft ROM, DOS<br />
3.3 and 48K RAM-$69.95. Versa Com·<br />
puting, Incl, 3541 Old Conejo Road, Suite<br />
104, Newbury Park, CA 91320 (805)<br />
498-1956.<br />
106 Apple Orchard<br />
WORD PROCESSING<br />
The Apple Speller interfaces to the most<br />
popular Apple word processors, including<br />
Applewriter, Apple Pie, Executive Secretary,<br />
Letter Perfect, Magic Window, and<br />
Superscribe II just to name a few. In fact,<br />
the Apple Speller can analyze the output<br />
of any editor that writes a standard Apple<br />
binary or text file to a diskette. Supplied<br />
with a 30,000+ word dictionary on a single<br />
514'' diskette with additional space to easily<br />
add another 8,000 words to suit your<br />
individual needs. The Apple Speller has<br />
built-in utilities to maintain the dictionary<br />
diskette. You can readiliy add words, delete<br />
words, and create an unlimited number of<br />
modified and/ or new dictionaries for specific<br />
applications. The Apple Speller is<br />
capable of proofreading a 1 0 page document<br />
in 1 minute if there are no spelling<br />
mistakes and 2 minutes, 15 seconds for<br />
an unlimited number of spelling errors.<br />
Requires an Apple II or II Plus with 48K,<br />
DOS 3.3 and 1 or 2 disk drives. Two drives<br />
are required to delete or add words to the<br />
dictionary-$75. Sensible Software, 6619<br />
Perham Drive, West Bloomfield, MI 48033<br />
(313) 399-8877.<br />
LexiCom allows nearly universal transfer<br />
of word processing files. Files may be<br />
transferred back and forth between Supertext<br />
and Applewriter and any word processor<br />
that uses standard Apple text files<br />
(e.g., Superscribe, Apple PIE). In addition,<br />
the text files created from Applewriter or<br />
Supertext files may be transmitted over<br />
the phone lines using any of the commun·<br />
ications packages available. In addition,<br />
BASIC programs can be edited with most<br />
word processors. And LexiCom offers the<br />
only possible tool for converting upper/<br />
lower case Supertext files to upper case<br />
only files-$49.95. At your local dealer or<br />
contact Micro-SPARKC Systems Division,<br />
Dept P, Box 325, Lincoln, MA 01 773 ( 61 7)<br />
259-9710.<br />
MOSIC<br />
Draw Waves by Syntauri Corporation, is a<br />
sound designer system that responds to<br />
musicians' demands for unique and exciting<br />
sound design tools. Used with the<br />
alphaSyntauri digital synthesizer system,<br />
synthesists are now free to design arbitrary<br />
sounds which go beyond the limits of<br />
conventional saw/ sine/ square/triangle<br />
waves technology. Draw Waves lets musicians<br />
create new sounds by drawing graphical<br />
representations of complex sounds<br />
(waveforms). A microcomputer, the Apple<br />
II, performs the work of transforming the<br />
picture into sounds; the video screen provides<br />
visual feedback during the drawing<br />
process. Sounds created are stored digitally,<br />
and may be recalled at any later time<br />
for playing and recording sessions with<br />
the alphaSyntauri keyboard instrument.<br />
Draw freehand, with lines or specify vectors<br />
using X,Y coordinates-$29.95. Syntauri<br />
Corporation, 3506 Waverly St., Palo Alto,<br />
CA 94306 (415) 494-1017.<br />
CATALOGS/BOOKS<br />
Programming the Apple is very easy to<br />
read and excellent for the beginning programmer.<br />
Includes over 350 figures, illustrations,<br />
tables and coding examples. Provides<br />
over 6,000 lines of written code, 12<br />
chapters and 8 appendices. The glossary<br />
contains over 100 definitions while a bibliography<br />
provides over 60 references.<br />
500 pages 8"xl0" -$24.95 suggested<br />
retail. Add $2 per volume for shipping and<br />
handling. Mesa Research, Inc., Rt. 1 Box<br />
1456A, Waco, TX 76710 (800) 824-7888<br />
or in CA (800) 852-7777.<br />
The International Software Directory lists<br />
tens of thousands of software packages<br />
and classifies them by machine, operating<br />
system, subject, vendor and price. Review<br />
information is also included. It is independent<br />
of both machine manufacturers<br />
and software houses and thus allows for<br />
comparison and one-stop shopping. It is<br />
backed by an excellent search service and<br />
regular updates are available from the<br />
publisher. Available in two volumes: The<br />
International Microcomputer Software<br />
Directory contains 7,000 programs and is<br />
available at the extremely competitive<br />
price of $34.95 plus $2.95 postage and<br />
handling; and The International Minicomputer<br />
Software Directory which is available<br />
for $65. Imprint Software, 1520 South Col·<br />
lege, fort Collins, CO 80524 (303)<br />
482-5574.<br />
The Book is a complete critical analysis of<br />
most Apple software available. Experts<br />
review, rate and evaluate the programs on<br />
11 separate points. It covers games, education,<br />
business and utilities as well as<br />
hardware. Over 500 programs are re-
-<br />
MORE<br />
exclusive EXPANDAPORT gives<br />
FUNF<br />
FUN!<br />
plete with speaker for<br />
greater sound. Only<br />
$69.95.<br />
This JOY STICK's a joy<br />
to use. Its heavier<br />
metal case doesn't slip<br />
or slide like plastic. And<br />
the very sensitive switch's<br />
guaranteed for 1,000,000<br />
pushes. Better control and<br />
reliability, only $59.95 .<br />
At computer stores, or:<br />
DATAMOST<br />
9748 Cozycroft Ave.<br />
Chatsworth, Ca 91311<br />
(213) 709-1202<br />
VISA/MASTERCHARGE accepted. 3% shipping/<br />
handling charge. (California residents add 6% tax)<br />
<strong>•</strong>Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer. Inc.<br />
<strong>•</strong>x~~.p.<br />
·&:<br />
.,., <strong>•</strong><br />
~SCRIPPS<br />
DATA SYSTEMS, INC.<br />
NOW THE<br />
JOB COST SYSTEM<br />
SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED<br />
FOR THE APPLE II® <strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><strong>•</strong><br />
PERFECT TO THE CORE.<br />
Ac the core of your business is profitability. And profit~bility depends upon<br />
productivity. Meeting your business goals requires current and accurate<br />
information to support decision m.::iking. To do that. you need a system .<br />
the SDSI Job Cost System. The SDSI Job Cost System is a low-cost. adaptable<br />
reporting tool which organizes and monitors information critical w business<br />
decisions and daily operations. Business managers and professionals in any<br />
size business can use this comprehensive software, developed specifically for<br />
use with Apple II or Apple II/Plus Computer.<br />
THE SDSI JOB COST SYSTEM IS EASY TO<br />
USE, EASY TO UNDERSTAND.<br />
IT IS USER-FRIENDLY.<br />
MENU-DRIVEN. AND .~<br />
WELL-WRITTEN BY PRO<br />
FESSIONALS ;N THE JOB<br />
COST FIELD<br />
THE SDSI JOB COST<br />
SYSTEM OFFERS TO<br />
BUSINESS MANAGERS<br />
AND PROFESSIONALS<br />
THE TOOLS REQUIRED<br />
TO ACHIEVE THE<br />
GOALS AT THE CORE<br />
OF EVERY BUSINESS -<br />
PROFIT AND MAXI<br />
MUM PRODUCTIVITY.<br />
For a free brochure with all the details, see your locaf Apple Dealer or call<br />
SCRIPPS DATA SYSTEMS INCORPORATED<br />
9747 BUSINESSPARKAVE.<strong>•</strong>SUITE 202 GeSAN DIEGO, CA 92131<br />
PHONE (7141 695-1540<br />
~ APPLE is a registered trademark of Apple Computer. Inc.<br />
<strong>•</strong>Trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
viewed-$19.95. The Book Company,<br />
16720 Hawthorne Blvd., Lawndale, CA<br />
90260(213) 371-4012.<br />
How to Patent Computer Programs by S.<br />
Pal Asija, a patent attorney who successfully<br />
secured a patent for a program that<br />
he designed. Until now, it has been generally<br />
assumed that patent protection is not<br />
available for computer programs, which<br />
are generally referred to as "software" by<br />
the computer trade. Such programs had<br />
to be protected by trade secret and by<br />
copyright, both of which afford the program<br />
developer much less protection<br />
than is available with a patent-$50.<br />
Research Press, Inc., 4500 W. 72nd Terrace,<br />
Prairie Village, KS 66208 (913)<br />
362-9667.<br />
How to Operate the Apple II Plus is a new<br />
mini-course that puts an end to trial and<br />
error learning for the first-time computer<br />
user. No more fumbling through four different<br />
manuals, wondering where to begin<br />
and what is important. In just three audio<br />
cassette lessons of an hour or two each,<br />
the learner is carefully guided through the<br />
essentials of computer operations: how to<br />
run programs, enter date, save and organize<br />
files, make backup copies, modify<br />
programs and much more. No technical<br />
knowledge is assumed, and the emphasis<br />
is on basic operations, rather than on programming.<br />
Designed for junior high and<br />
up, the training package can be used<br />
again and again with students, family, colleagues,<br />
clients, staff and customers.<br />
Apple's own System Master 3.3 diskette<br />
serves as the source of all demonstration<br />
programs and utilities used in the minicourse.<br />
28-page operator's guide is fully<br />
indexed for quick reference after the<br />
course is over. Any standard cassette<br />
player can be used, and no computer<br />
hookup is required-$49.95. FlipTrack<br />
Training Tapes, P.O. Box 711, Glen Ellyn,<br />
IL 60137 (312) 790-1117.<br />
The Computer Tutor: Learning Activities<br />
for Homes and Schools by Dr. Gary W.<br />
Orwig, is designed for parents to introduce<br />
their children to computing. The Computer<br />
Tutor enables everyone to join in the<br />
fun of computer play. Using easy-to-follow<br />
print-outs with numerous illustrations,<br />
parents can experiment with ways to modify<br />
their own family programs, while kids<br />
can sharpen their math and verbal skills,<br />
learn the metric system, and much more.<br />
The twenty-five programs use linear,<br />
branching, and simulation techniques<br />
including: Math Tutor, Test Tutor, Metrics,<br />
Memory Test, Trivia Quiz, Scrambled<br />
Words and 19 more. All written in standard<br />
16K of floating point BASIC, are readyto-run<br />
on the Apple II, TRS-80, Commodore<br />
Pet, and other microcomputers using<br />
this language-$} 0.95 paperback Little,<br />
Brown, Customer Service Department,<br />
200 West Street, Waltham, MA 02154<br />
( 61 7) 890-0250.<br />
MISCELLANEOCJS<br />
I-Protect has an answer to relieve the<br />
increasing health concerns related to the<br />
extended use of CRTs. The CRT Radiation<br />
Shield is a slightly tinted, transparent, 6<br />
mm sheet of leaded hi-impact acrylic. The<br />
lead equivalency is .3 mm., which provides<br />
more than 97% shielding of any<br />
radiation emitted through the monitor or<br />
television screen. In addition, I-Protect<br />
enhances the visual acuity of the display<br />
image with a slight magnification, thus<br />
reducing eye strain. Easy to cut, drill or<br />
shape to fit any terminal or television set,<br />
and is easily cleaned with a plastic cleaner.<br />
Shipped with Velcro fasteners for easy<br />
attachment-8xlO" $49.50, 12x12"<br />
$59.50. I-Protect, 301 N. Prairie Avenue,<br />
Suite 510, Inglewood, CA 90301 (213)<br />
673-1587.<br />
This special Case for the Apple II computer<br />
also holds two disk drives (while connected).<br />
Features a foam padded interior,<br />
non-metallic hold down strap, removable<br />
locking cover, rubber no-slip bumpers on<br />
both the cover and the base, and sturdy<br />
abs plastic end-cap consruction. Includes<br />
UPS delivery-$64. Fiberbilt, 601 West<br />
26th Street, New York, NY 10001 (212)<br />
675-5820.<br />
A new High yield .Multistrike Ribbon Cartridge<br />
has a revolutionary new gear ratio<br />
system and a new five-overstrike formula<br />
multistrike ribbon. Aspen has added approximately<br />
100,000 additional characters<br />
to their existing NEC multistrike ribbon<br />
cartridge. The user realizes approximately<br />
40% more character life for as little<br />
as 10% more in cost. Tests indicate a total<br />
average yield of 325,000 characters per<br />
NEC High Yield Multistrike ribbon cartridge.<br />
Available in colors: blue, red, green,<br />
and brown as well as black Aspen Ribbons,<br />
Inc., 1700 N. 55th Street, Boulder,<br />
CO 80301-2796 (303) 444-4054 or (800)<br />
525-0646.<br />
Static Electricity occurs naturally by the<br />
movement of people and materials. In<br />
most everyday environments, it is merely<br />
a commonly recognized nuisance. But for<br />
the computer user; it can be more than a<br />
nuisance; it can be a real problem. Clear 1<br />
antistatic treatment spray-is proven effective<br />
in eliminating static electricity for<br />
many weeks with one application_ Much<br />
more cost effective than bars or mats.<br />
Treat the entire EDP environment, not just<br />
a small area. Non-flammable, non-toxic,<br />
safe for use on any surface that will not<br />
waterspot. Simple to use: just spray or<br />
wipe. For floors and carpets, just spray as<br />
evenly as possible. Allow to dry. 16 Oz<br />
bottle with spray pump. Midik Packaging<br />
Corp., 2601 Industrial Parkway, Elkhart, IN<br />
46516 (219) 293-6516.<br />
Design line micro work stations are available<br />
in a range to accommodate all microcomputers.<br />
Delivered heavily packaged,<br />
in self-assembly form needing only a Phillips<br />
screwdriver and a few minutes of your<br />
time to assemble. Manufactured from 1 "<br />
all wood particle board surfaced with hardwearing<br />
melamine veneer, in either Oak<br />
or Walnut. Prices available upon request.<br />
Atlantic Cabinet, P.O. Box 100, Williamsport,<br />
MD 21795 (301) 223-8900.<br />
The new Basic Comfort II computer desk<br />
was designed by a dedicated computer<br />
hobbyist. The top accepts the usual peripherals-disk<br />
drives, small printer and<br />
CRT -and leaves about two square feet<br />
(15x25") in front of you for reading and<br />
writing. The keyboard shelf is 25" above<br />
the floor and that places your "left arrow"<br />
where your fingers like to be. Proper ventilation<br />
is built in, and your tangled web of<br />
ribbon and wires has its own "rat's nest"<br />
area. There's also an additional knee<br />
height shelf for storage. Finished in<br />
woodgrain (walnut or light oak) high pressure<br />
mica laminate-$169 fully assembled.<br />
Picture House, 166 Boynton Blvd.,<br />
Daytona Beach, FL 32018 (904)<br />
253-7785.<br />
108 Apple Orchard
<strong>•</strong><br />
your power 1s<br />
C.O.R.P.'" writes software. Perhaps you should .......,,.................,_.<br />
read that again. Not "simplifies programming" or<br />
"makes debugging easier." C.O.R.P. writes<br />
APPLESOFT BASIC-complete, stand-alone<br />
programs which run, bug-free, the very first time. You<br />
need not type a single character of basic code-ever.<br />
C.0.R.P. does that. Your answers to questions in simple<br />
English "design" the program. In minutes, C.O.R.P. writes<br />
all the program code, scrolls it to the screen and automatically<br />
saves it to your disk. Your program because you designed it.<br />
Once written, your program runs without C.O.R.P. You may list<br />
your program, examine it, modify it further or even sell it-as you<br />
wish, royalty free. No mere"data base manager," at any price, does tha .<br />
The applications are almost limitless. Your C.O. R. P. Program Generation ..,...____.,,...--........<br />
System will: <strong>•</strong> handle nearly as much data as your disks will hold (113K<br />
per disk!) <strong>•</strong> find any record in less than a second <strong>•</strong> let you design your<br />
own screens as quickly as you can move the curser around <strong>•</strong> sort, re-sort<br />
and update your data for you <strong>•</strong> examine and re-examine your data and<br />
then print reports, checks, invoices, statements, mailing labels, lists, memosyou<br />
name it. C.O.R.P. allows you to use your Apple II plus as the working tool it<br />
really is. Isn't that why you bought one?<br />
Computers should write code. You should design programs. Now you have the power.<br />
C.O. R. P. I features: <strong>•</strong>a data entry program generator<strong>•</strong> a full sort sub-<br />
~~~=~t~r ~~ ~~-~~t~. ~~~~y·s·t~~ ~ ~- f_u_I'. ~'.~~~~~~i~-~~~~~~~-~ -~ ~~i·n·t-~r~f~~~<br />
C.O.R.P.11 features:<strong>•</strong> allofC.0.R.P. I plus:<strong>•</strong> a system menu generator<strong>•</strong> a<br />
complete forms letter generator <strong>•</strong> a full files editor <strong>•</strong> a system demo package<br />
<strong>•</strong> an Applesoft tutorial ...... . .. .. ....... .. ........... .. .... .. .... $425<br />
C~~:':~,9i~S<br />
900 North Franklin, Chicago, Illinois 60610<br />
See your dealer today or<br />
call toll-free 1 ·800·621·4109<br />
(In Illinois, call (312) 943-0700)<br />
Dealer inquiries welcome.<br />
C.O.D. welcome.<br />
C.O.R.P. is a trademark of<br />
Maromaty Scotto Software Corporation.<br />
CIRCLE 129 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ADVERTISERS' INDEX<br />
107 Advanced Business Technology, Inc.<br />
103 Advanced Logic Systems, Inc.<br />
74 Alpha Logic Business Systems, Inc.<br />
74 Anchor Pad International<br />
57 Applied SOftware Technology, Inc.<br />
51 Artificial Intelligence<br />
65 Artsci·Softape<br />
72 Anthro Digita~ Inc.<br />
92 Alcalon, Inc.<br />
89 Beagle Bros.<br />
6 Bite-Soft<br />
13 Business & Professional Software<br />
94 Broderbund Software<br />
86 Cases, Inc.<br />
23 Chess et al.<br />
105 Color Tech<br />
24 Computer-Advanced Ideas<br />
21 Computer Data Services<br />
35 Computer Exchange<br />
69 Coprocessors, Inc.<br />
lbc Corona Data Systems, Inc.<br />
109 Cortechs<br />
10, 107 Datamost<br />
51 East Coast Software<br />
39 Exec Systems<br />
77 Great Lakes Digital<br />
70 Hardcore-Softkey<br />
93 Hayden Publishing Co.<br />
33 Hayes Microcomputer Products<br />
27, 101 High Technology<br />
7 Hewlett-Packard<br />
51 Individualized Operand<br />
14 Intra Computing<br />
70 Interactive Structures<br />
95 Information Unlimitred Software<br />
ifc Leading Edge Products<br />
87 Link Systems<br />
68 Macrotronics<br />
49 Micro-Ware Distributors<br />
43, 83 M & R Enterprises<br />
2 Micro-sci<br />
79 Microsoft Consumer Products<br />
31 National Computer Survey<br />
9 Nibble<br />
71 Omega Microware (uncensored), Inc.<br />
97 Orange Micro, Inc.<br />
74 Paymar/Enhanceware<br />
99 Prometheus Products, Inc.<br />
73 Quad Syetems, Inc.<br />
51 Rainbow Computing<br />
68 RH Electronics<br />
107 Scripps Data Systems, Inc.<br />
14 Silicon Valley Systems, Inc.<br />
68 Smartware<br />
98 Smith Micro Software<br />
be Software Publishing Corporation<br />
59 SoftTech Micro Systems<br />
91 Sorrento Valley Associates<br />
47 Southwestern Data Systems<br />
15 Strategic Simulations, Inc.<br />
5, 111 SSM, Inc.<br />
25 TG Products<br />
64 Tovatech<br />
54 Van Nostrand Reinhold, Inc.<br />
63 Vista Computer, Inc.<br />
68 Vynet Corporation<br />
1 XEBEC<br />
lrtTEArtATIOrtAL<br />
APPLE CORE'"<br />
APPi£<br />
01~c11a1~d<br />
SUBSCRIPTIOllS<br />
International Apple Core, 910 A George St., Santa Clara, CA 95050<br />
The International Apple Core makes individual subscriptions to "The Apple Orchard" available:<br />
NAME<br />
STREET<br />
CITY ___ _ ______ _ _ _ _ STATE _______ _ ___ ZIP _ ____ ____ _<br />
COUNTRY - - - ----- --------- --------- -------<br />
Annual Subscription Rate: $15.00 for 6 Issues<br />
First Class Postage: $7.50 additional (required for Canada, Mexico, APO, and FPO addresses)<br />
Overseas and other foreign air mail postage (required): $15.00 additional<br />
TOTAL REMITIANCE ENCLOSED: $(USA) _ _____ _ ____ _<br />
Make check or money order payable to "International Apple Core" and return with this form to:<br />
International Apple Core<br />
910 A George St.<br />
Santa Clara, CA 95050<br />
TOTAL REMITTANCE ENCLOSED: $(USA) ______ _ ___ _ _ _ ____ _<br />
110 Apple Orchard
The New AIO·D.<br />
Another winner from the folks who invented<br />
multi·function Apple interfaces.<br />
SSM is still ahead of the game<br />
when it comes to the Apple II'.1'M<br />
Choose from any of four operating<br />
modes. And you're assured of flexibility<br />
at a price that spells big<br />
savings.<br />
Check out why SSM spells<br />
success:<br />
THE NEW SERIAL/P ARAL<br />
LEL AI0-11: this new full-function<br />
serial and parallel interface for the<br />
Apple II gives you true simultaneous<br />
operation. It's totally transparent<br />
to the user; there's no software<br />
to write, and no need to<br />
modify your computer. Advanced<br />
design techniques overcome the<br />
need for "phantom" slot assignments<br />
and related software compatibility<br />
concerns.<br />
The AI0-11 appears to application<br />
software as either an Apple<br />
communications card or parallel<br />
printer card. You don't have to<br />
worry about special setup requirements.<br />
Hassle-free, user-oriented<br />
AI0-11 design permits easy selection<br />
of four functions: serial modem,<br />
serial terminal/printer, parallel Centronics<br />
printer, and general-purpose<br />
parallel. On-board firmware provides<br />
all necessary drivers in a single<br />
package. Optional cables support<br />
Centronics-compatible printers and<br />
others.<br />
You can remain in the game, too,<br />
with either our Serial ASIO or<br />
Parallel APIO boards-if low<br />
cost, single function's your style.<br />
Our ASIO connects your Apple to<br />
a modem with an optional terminal<br />
routine, or to a terminal/printer<br />
without modifying the cable. It<br />
W1<br />
The Transformation People<br />
gives you standard RS-232 interface<br />
with complete handshaking. And<br />
selectable rates from UO to 9600<br />
baud. The APIO parallel interface<br />
supports general-purpose 1/0 and<br />
all popular Centronics-compatible<br />
printers, including Epson, IDS,<br />
Okidata, Anadex, and others.<br />
All our game-winning boards are<br />
designed to make your Apple more<br />
productive. Optional software support<br />
is available for Apple Pascal<br />
and Microsoft CP/M'.1'M<br />
Whether you're an OEM or end<br />
user, we can deliver any quantity<br />
you specify. Fast. For the latest<br />
word on any of these interface<br />
boards, or our newly enhanced<br />
A488 (the industry's highest performance<br />
IEEE-488 controller), see<br />
your local dealer, or call us today.<br />
SSM Microcomputer Products, Inc.,<br />
2190 Paragon Drive, San Jose, CA<br />
95131, (408) 946-7400, Telex:<br />
171171, TWX: 910-338-2077.<br />
Apple and Apple II are trademarks of Apple<br />
Computer, Inc. CP/M is a trademark of Digital<br />
Research. AI0-11, ASIO, APIO and A488 are<br />
trademarks of SSM Microcomputer Products,<br />
Inc.
·startire and DataGuard are trademarks of Corona Data Systems <strong>•</strong>Apple II is a registered trademark of Apple Computers. Inc. ·VisiCalc is a trademark of Personal Software Inc.<br />
<strong>•</strong> CP Mis a re istered trademark of Di ital Research, Inc. <strong>•</strong> DB Master is a trademark of Stoneware<br />
We don't make a Winchester for just<br />
anybody. ·<br />
We're Corona Data Systems and we've made Starfire, a<br />
Winchester disk just for Apple II*.<br />
Whafs in it for you?<br />
5 million characters of storage. And that's not all. You'll get<br />
Corona's Disk Partitioning which allows for up to 16 separate<br />
operating systems such as Apple DOS, CP/M*and<br />
Pascal, all sharing the same disk. Of course, you'll still<br />
be able to use DB Master*and protected software like<br />
VisiCalc*.<br />
Double Size Volumes.<br />
And with our Double Size Volumes, your Apple DOS is transformed<br />
into something special that offers larger data files.<br />
And you'll never have to type commands like "catalog"<br />
and "run" or type program<br />
names again. You can even<br />
forget what volumes the programs<br />
are in.<br />
Reliability.<br />
But you'll never forget Starfire's<br />
reliability. That's because<br />
we built DataGuard~<br />
the feature that will correct errors, not just report them. And<br />
we also provide a one-year warranty that you can count<br />
on. That's reliability.<br />
So why take chances? With Starfire, you're not just adding<br />
a hard disk to an Apple 11, but transforming an Apple 11 into<br />
a full hard disk business computer.<br />
21541 Nordhoff Street, Unit B Chatsworth, California, 91311 (213) 998-0505<br />
Starfire - the Winchester disk made just for Apple 11.
Many people think just because a computer does 40-column format to accommcx:late larger printouts,<br />
difficult things, it must be difficult to operate.· Not so. ·and tell you how much room you have left on your disk.<br />
At least not with PFS TM and PFS: REPORT.<br />
Get more out of what you put in.<br />
PFS and PFS: REPORT let you concentrate on PFS: REPORT sorts, calculates, totals, formats<br />
doing your work, not on working your computer. There's and prints presentalion-quality reports with up to 9 colno<br />
complicated programming or computer language to umns, in alpha or numeric order, with automatic<br />
learn. Using the PFS Series is so straightforward, you entering and justification. With your information in<br />
can learn it in as little as 20 minutes, and that's some- this format, you can analyze it quickly to help spot<br />
thing both experts and beginners can appreciate. trends, plan and make decisions.<br />
Design your own management system, simply. A whole family of software for Apple® II and ill.<br />
PFS lets you arrange your information in "forms" PFS consistently ranks among the 5 top-selling<br />
you design yourself. Once you've created your form- business software packages for Apples. Because you<br />
with spaces for all the necessary data-you simply fill can use it for almost anything-from chemical analyses<br />
in the blanks.<br />
to keeping track of your wine collection, from bal-<br />
If you don't like the original form, PFS lets you ancing your checkbook to computing your payroll.<br />
change just the form, without having to totally re-enter And there are more programs on the way.<br />
the information on it.<br />
For a free, hands-on demonstration of PFS and<br />
To use your forms, just call up the information PFS: REPORT, stop by your local computer store. If<br />
you want in a variety of ways such <strong>•</strong> they don't have it yet, tell them to<br />
as "less than;' "more than;' "equal Hardworking call Software Publishing Corporato;'<br />
"between" or "not'.' You can<br />
ation at (415) 962-8910. Or write<br />
even find specific charac-<br />
so£ .....:ra,~e ~or Apples 1~1 ~dings Dr., Mounters,<br />
words, names or num- IJ. I. ft' . tam View, CA 94043.<br />
bers. And PFS can also · h <strong>•</strong> 't 1· t · { . k You'll be amazed at<br />
sort labels, change its t at ISO a 0 0 WOr . howmuchyoucanbiteoff.<br />
"J!fe: Software Series<br />
®Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. '"PFS is a trademark of Software Publishing Corporation.