Guide to Cataloging DVD and Blu-ray Discs Using AACR2r ... - OLAC

Guide to Cataloging DVD and 

Blu-ray Discs Using 

AACR2r and MARC 21 

2008 Update 

Created by the DVD Cataloging Guide Update 

Task Force, Cataloging Policy Committee, 

Online Audiovisual Catalogers, Inc.

Acknowledgements 

DVD Cataloging Guide Update Task Force Members 

Carolyn Walden, Chair, 2007-2008 University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Marcia Barrett University of Alabama 

Kelly Chambers SLC (Special Libraries Cataloguing) 

Lloyd Chittenden Fort Lewis College 

Nancy Lorimer Stanford University, Music Library 

Julie Renee Moore California State University, Fresno 

Lori Murphy DePaul University 

Anchalee Panigabutra-Roberts University of Nebraska-Lincoln 

Walter Walker Loyola Marymount University 

Donna Viscuglia, Advisor Harvard University 

Jay Weitz, Advisor OCLC Online Computer Library Center 

Kay Johnson, Chair, 2006-2007 Radford University 

Tiffany Wilson, 2006-2007 The Johns Hopkins University Press 

Editors 

Marcia Barrett 

Julie Moore 

The Task Force wishes to acknowledge the thoughtful comments from the numerous 

people in the cataloging community who took the time and effort to respond during the 

creation of this document. 

This update is built upon the work of the 2002 DVD Cataloging Task Force members. 

DVD Cataloging Task Force Members 

Francie Mrkich, Columbia University 

Nancy B. Olson, Minnesota State University at Mankato (Ret.) 

Sueyoung Park-Primiano, New York University 

Scott Piepenburg, Dallas Independent School District 

Verna Urbanski, University of North Florida 

Robert Freeborn (Chair), Pennsylvania State University

I. Introduction 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

II. Cataloging DVD-Videos and Blu-ray Discs 

III. Cataloging DualDiscs 

IV. Cataloging DVD-Audios 

V. Cataloging DVD-ROMs 

VI. Resources

I. Introduction 

B y Robert Freeborn, Donna Viscuglia, and Carolyn Walden 

Purpose and Scope 

This guide is intended as an update to the 2002 Guide to Cataloging DVDs Using 

AACR2r Chapters 7 and 9 created by the DVD Cataloging Task Force of OLAC. The 

update incorporates rule changes and interpretations that resulted from the 2004 

Amendments for Chapters 7 and 9 of Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2) and 

expands the discussion of formats to include Blu-ray Discs, DualDiscs, and DVD-Audio 

Discs. The information and cataloging examples presented should help clarify principles 

and rules used in cataloging DVD formats and digital video disc formats. There is also 

information to help the cataloging process for the Blu-ray Discs and DVD-Audio, newer 

formats that libraries will begin and continue to purchase as producers market and 

develop them for consumer use. 

The Introduction provides a general overview of DVD technology, includes a brief 

history, compares DVD with compact disc (CD) technology, and explores new 

developments in the optical disc arena and the impact of this technology on the 

consumer. Other sections discuss cataloging DVD-Video, Blu-ray Discs, DualDiscs, 

DVD-Audio, and DVD-ROM formats. Each section includes examples that reflect the 

principles as described in this guide. The examples appear in standard MARC format 

but also include an additional illustration of the fixed field in mnemonic form and tag 007 

displayed with subfields. The examples feature descriptive cataloging practice and do 

not include subject headings or added entries. The guide concludes with a list of 

resources helpful in writing this update. 

History 

The DVD was first developed in 1995 through a consortium of ten companies: Hitachi, 

JVC, Matsushita, Mitsubishi, Philips, Pioneer, Sony, Thomson, Time Warner, and 

Toshiba. These companies formed the DVD Consortium, which in April 1997 became 

the DVD Forum. The mission of the forum is to promote the worldwide acceptance of 

DVD products across the entertainment, consumer electronics, and information 

technology industries. Currently, the DVD Forum has over 220 companies and 

organizations that are engaged in DVD research, development, and/or manufacturing. 

Although the acronym originally stood for Digital Video Disc and later, Digital Versatile 

Disc, the “DVD Forum decreed in 1999 that DVD, as an international standard, is simply 

three letters.” 

1

DVD vs. CD 

Visually, the DVD is indistinguishable from an audio CD or CD-ROM. Both the DVD and 

CD consist of 12 cm (4 ¾ in.) diameter discs containing billions of tiny pits (nonreflective 

holes) and lands (reflective bumps) arranged in one long spiral track. These 

pits and lands represent the zeros and ones of digital information and are read by a 

laser. The main differences are that a DVD’s pits and lands are shorter and narrower 

than those of a CD and that the DVD’s laser also has a shorter wavelength. In terms of 

storage, this means that a DVD can hold 4.7 billion bytes of information -- seven times 

the informational capacity of a standard CD. A DVD can also hold two information layers 

on one side which roughly increases its storage to 9 gigabytes. Unlike the CD, a DVD 

can also hold information on both sides of a single disc. A DVD is essentially a bigger, 

faster CD that can hold cinema-like video and better-than-CD audio as well as still 

photos and computer data. 

CDs and DVDs consist of the same basic materials and layers but are manufactured 

differently. A DVD is actually like two thin CDs glued together. A CD is read from and 

written to (by laser) on one side only; a DVD can be read from or written to on one or 

both sides. A DVD currently has a disc capacity anywhere from 4.7 GB (single sided 

single layer) to 17 GB (double sided dual layer). 

New Formats 

The Blu-ray Disc (BD) developed by Sony/Philips in February 2002, and the HD DVD 

developed by Toshiba in March 2003 are high density optical discs using a blue laser to 

record data. According to Jim Taylor in the 3 rd ed. of DVD DeMystified, the HD DVD is 

“an extension of the original DVD format” while the Blu-ray Disc “is a significantly 

changed version of DVD.” Both high density discs use the blue laser for smaller pits 

and tighter tracks to increase capacity. The HD DVD does not change the data layer 

depth but the Blu-ray Disc achieves the higher density by “using a 0.1-mm cover layer 

to move the data closer to the lens (standard DVD uses a 0.6-mm cover, CD uses a 

1.2-mm cover). These discs are considered the next generation optical disc formats 

providing greater storage capacity than the DVD and offering high-definition video and 

superior audio quality. 

Toshiba announced in February 2008 that it “will no longer develop, manufacture and 

market HD DVD players and recorders. This decision has been made following recent 

major changes in the market.” (Businesswire.com). After this decision by Toshiba, it 

was apparent that the Blu-ray Disc had emerged as the industry standard for high 

density discs and what had been considered a format war between the two companies 

ended. 

Maxell added another format to disc development and announced plans to feature its 

Holographic Versatile Storage Disc (HVD) at the National Association of Broadcasters 

Convention in October 2006. This holographic disc, developed in collaboration with 

InPhase Technologies, is designed to hold “800 GB and 1.6 TB of data respectively.” 

. The HVD 

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uses red and green lasers to record data and has the capacity to store massive 

amounts of data. Technically, the recording goes beyond recording on the surface as a 

standard DVD and records “through the full depth of the medium.” 

< http://www.emedialive.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=11977> 

DVD Types 

The information in this section is adapted from the web tutorial, timefordvd 

and the Adobe publication: A 

DVD primer 

. 

DVD is a family of physical and application formats. The physical format describes the 

media on which the format is stored, and the application format describes what kind of 

data (software, video or music) is stored, how it is encoded, and how it can be played. 

Physical formats vary depending on the construction aspects and data storage 

capabilities of the disc, i.e., single-sided, double sided, single-layered, or doublelayered. 

Sometimes referred to as the physical layer, it refers to the capability of a DVD 

to be recorded to (or not) and to be rewritten (erased and rerecorded). 

The application formats, DVD-Video, DVD-Audio, or DVD-ROM are used for video, 

audio, or data storage respectively. A DVD disc may contain any combination of DVD- 

Video, DVD-Audio, and/or DVD-ROM application content. Any or all of the three 

application formats can be stored on any of the physical formats (with some variations) 

but not all application formats can be played back on all devices. For example, some 

DVD-Video movie titles contain DVD-ROM content on the same disc as the movie, but 

the DVD-ROM contents can only be accessed by a computer with a DVD-ROM drive. 

DVD-ROM is one of those multi-use terms that describes either a physical base format, 

or discs with an application layer of data content, making the differentiation confusing. 

DVD-ROM discs (the physical base format) can have any or all of the three application 

formats recorded on them, and are compatible with most any DVD device, but the 

application format DVD-ROM can only be played back on computers or other 

specialized devices. 

DVDs that come with content already recorded, such as movies or music, are prerecorded 

formats. In addition to pre-recorded formats, DVD also includes recordable 

formats: DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM. 

Physical Formats 

The information in this section is adapted from the web tutorial, timefordvd, 

 

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Nomenclature (DVD-5, DVD-10, etc.) is based on an approximation of capacity in 

gigabytes. The examples used are currently the most common sizes. 

Single-sided, single-layered — Also known as DVD-5, it holds 4.7 gigabytes of digital 

data. The "5" in "DVD-5" signifies the nearly 5 gigabytes worth of data capacity. It can 

store approximately two hours of digital video and audio for DVD-Video, or 74 minutes 

of high resolution music for DVD-Audio. 

Single-sided, double-layered — The DVD-9 construction holds about 8.5 gigabytes 

and does not require manual flipping -- the DVD player automatically switches to the 

second layer in a fraction of a second, by re-focusing the laser pickup on the deeper 

second layer. This capability allows for uninterrupted playback of long movies up to four 

hours. DVD-9 is often used to put a movie and bonus materials on the same DVD-Video 

disc. 

Double-sided, single-layered — Known as DVD-10, this construction features a 

capacity of 9.4 gigabytes of data. DVD-10s are commonly used to put a widescreen 

version of the movie on one side, and a full frame version of the same movie on the 

other side. Almost all DVD players require you to manually flip the DVD, although there 

are a few DVD players that can perform the side flipping automatically. 

Double-sided, double-layered — The DVD-18 construction can hold approximately 17 

gigabytes, or about 8 hours of video and audio as a DVD-Video. Four hours of 

uninterrupted video and audio can be stored on one side. To access the content on the 

other side of a DVD-18, you have to manually flip the DVD. Content providers (e.g., 

movie studios) usually choose to go with two DVD-9s rather than a single DVD-18 

because DVD-18s cost far more to produce. 

Pre-Recorded Application Data Formats 

• DVD-ROM — a commercially produced read-only disc containing computer 

programs, data or both. Can hold anywhere between 4.7 and 17 gigabytes of 

information. For the most part, the DVD-ROM application format can only be 

played back by computer DVD drives. 

• DVD-V (DVD-Video) — a standard for storing and reproducing audio and video 

based on MPEG video, Dolby Digital and MPEG audio, and other proprietary 

data formats. 

• DVD-A (DVD-Audio) — equivalent to a standard audio CD which uses Pulse 

Code Modulation (PCM) for recording sound, except that it holds some seven 

times the information of a regular CD. 

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Recordable Formats 

• DVD-R (DVD-Recordable) — a write-once data storage disc that is similar to CD- 

Rs. It can record around 4.7 or 9.4 gigabytes and is used mainly for the archiving 

of information and the storage of video recordings. DVD-R, developed from a 

dye application process, has a clear inner ring around the hub of the disc with a 

dark purple/blue/grey back as opposed to silver color. Can be read in DVD 

players and drives on computers. 

• DVD-RW (DVD-Re-writable) — a re-writable version of the DVD-R that is 

compatible with most DVD video players and drives. It can record sequentially 

almost 4.7 gigabytes of data and can be rewritten about 1,000 times. 

• DVD+R (DVD-Recordable) — a write-once data storage disc based on the 

DVD+RW format. It can record almost 4.7 gigabytes of data. 

• DVD+RW (DVD-Re-writable) — competing standard to DVD-RAM and DVD-RW 

developed by Sony, Philips and Hewlett-Packard. It also sequentially records 

almost 4.7 gigabytes of data and can be rewritten some 1,000 times. DVD- 

RAMs, DVD-RWs, and DVD+RWs are compatible with most DVD players and 

computer DVD-ROM drives. 

• DVD-RAM (DVD-Re-writable) — an erasable, re-recordable version of the DVD- 

ROM. Provides random access to its 4.7 gigabytes of recorded information and is 

best suited for use in computers. DVD-RAM discs may be rewritten some 

100,000 times. DVD-RAM discs may not be compatible with many DVD players 

and drives. 

Blu-ray Disc Types 

• BD (Blu-ray Disc) -- the overall format family of high density optical discs 

featuring greater storage capacity of data, maximum picture resolution, surround 

sound audio, and enhanced interactivity 

• BD-RE (Blu-ray Disc Rewritable) -- initial physical disc format created by the Bluray 

Disc Founders, spearheaded by Sony, Philips and Panasonic 

• BD-R (Blu-ray Disc Recordable) -- record-once version of Blu-ray Discs 

• BD-ROM (Blu-ray Disc Read-Only Memory) – read-only version of Blu-ray Discs 

Duplication or Replication 

Duplication and replication are two common ways to make copies of DVDs. Cheap, 

low-volume (fewer than a few hundred copies) productions can be duplicated on 

recordable discs, whereas high-volume, mass-market products such as movies must be 

5

eplicated in specialized factories. Duplication refers to recording, i.e., burning data to a 

disc (as you would do with your own computer). It is fairly easy to tell if a DVD has 

been duplicated because it will have a purple or brown colored bottom side. In addition, 

a duplicated disc holds only 4.7 GB per recorded side, while a replicated DVD supports 

up to 17 GB of recorded data. 

Replication (also referred to as “pressing” or “molding”) is the method of manufacturing 

or mass producing DVDs where the data or audio information is physically stamped on 

the discs. Replicated discs are usually made in large quantities for retail distribution 

and have a silver backing. 

Future Developments 

Just as the DVD Forum comprises companies that are 

interested in the development of the DVD, the Blu-ray Disc Association 

is a “group of companies dedicated to 

developing and promoting the Blu-ray Disc format,” and the HVD forum 

supports research and development of the holographic 

storage disc. These organizations and their websites are excellent resources for 

extensive information about the formats. Readers will find press releases, technical 

developments, summaries of the industry standards, and frequently asked questions 

with answers. 

The DVD Forum announced in 2005 that it had approved specifications for “DVD Multi,” 

a set of hardware specifications designed to enable disc compatibility for virtually all 

formats officially created by the DVD Forum. Players with the Multi logo would be 

compatible for all discs including DVD-RAM and DVD-RW and recorders with the logo 

would have the capability to write to all the formats. 

The developers of the holographic disc emphasize the superior storage capability of the 

HVD format and market this format for companies who need the high storage capacity 

of the holographic disc. “One 5 ¼ inch-diameter optical disc can store up to 150 million 

pages – more than 63 times the capacity of DVD. Also, with holographic recording, a 

multiple of form factors, such as discs, cards, etc. and laser wavelengths (red, green, 

and blue) can be used.” 

. The HVD Forum promotes the holographic disc as the replacement 

for DVD. 

Several quotes from DVD Demystified (3 rd ed.) speak to the future of DVD technology. 

The author’s insights and projections are particularly relevant. “In the very long term, the 

Internet will merge with cable TV, broadcast TV, radio, telephones, satellites, and 

eventually even newspapers and magazines. Discrete media such as DVD will then be 

relegated to niches such as software backups, archiving, time-shift ‘taping,’ and 

collector’s editions of movies. In the intervening years, however, DVD in all its 

6

permutations and generations promises to be the definitive medium for both computers 

and home entertainment.” (p. 17-16). 

In contrast, major studio home entertainment divisions and leading Blu-ray experts point 

to increased sales of Blu-ray as support for the increasing popular use of the disc. Bob 

Chapek, president of Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment, predicts increased 

sales throughout 2008 and comments that “Blu-ray is the complete DVD replacement.” 

. 

As formats continue to evolve, the need to organize the information in a consistent, 

logical, and practical way remains a constant. To that end, this guide will combine both 

new and traditional information to help catalogers provide quality cataloging records to 

ensure that library users have comprehensive and efficient access as they discover 

materials in the world of DVD, Blu-ray, and holographic discs. 

7

II. Cataloging DVD-Video and Blu-ray Discs 

By Nancy Olson; 

updated by Marcia Barrett, Kelly Chambers, Lloyd Chittenden, and Lori Murphy 

This section addresses cataloging commercially available DVD-Video (both standard 

and high definition) containing film material and television programs, using the rules 

found in AACR2 Chapter 7 (Motion Pictures and Videorecordings) and MARC 21 

Format for Bibliographical Data. 

General Comments on DVD-Video 

Most commercially available DVD-Videos contain movies or television programs. For 

many commercially produced DVD-Videos, a menu comes up from which the user 

makes choices as to what version to run -- the language or audio configuration that is 

preferred by the viewer or may be most compatible with the user's existing home 

system. Many DVD-Videos also contain additional features such as additional language 

tracks, interviews with participants in the original production, outtakes from the original 

filming, etc. 

Cataloging a DVD-Video is no different from cataloging any other manifestation of a film 

or video throughout most of the bibliographic record. There are, however, some special 

features that must be accounted for. The special features mentioned in the notes area 

are those that seem most important. 

Information that may be ignored because it is standard on all DVDs: 

• Interactive menu 

• Scene access 

• Scene selection 

Other special features that may be ignored (though one may want to mention them): 

• Advertisements 

• Preview/trailers 

Enhanced DVDs 

Enhanced DVDs contain additional material requiring the use of a computer. These 

carry a statement listing the equipment required to run the bonus materials. Enhanced 

DVDs should be treated in the same manner as enhanced CDs, where one or two 

tracks of a CD contain computer-required information. The predominant component of 

an enhanced DVD is the film itself. Therefore one should catalog enhanced DVDs as 

videos. Some of the listed features found on an enhanced DVD that might require a 

8

computer are: computer games, links to fan sites, links to online documentaries and 

chat rooms, desktop icons, calculator, screensavers and poster sets. 

Blu-ray Discs and HD DVD Discs 

Two rival incompatible high-definition formats – Blu-ray and HD DVD – have been 

competing to become the replacement for the current standard-definition DVDs that 

most of us have in our collections. As of this writing, Blu-ray has emerged on top as the 

new standard for high definition discs. Library patrons and consumers will need a Bluray 

player in order to view this new format. 

Blu-ray uses a blue-violet laser that has a shorter wavelength than the standard DVD’s 

red laser. This shorter wavelength allows data to be stored in a smaller space, fitting 

more data on the disc itself. The dual layer Blu-ray disc can contain over 9 hours of 

high-definition video or about 23 hours of standard-definition video on a 50GB disc. 

Backwards compatibility is just one worry for both libraries and consumers with 

extensive standard-definition DVD collections. Blu-ray manufacturers claim that 

traditional standard-definition DVDs and most CDs will be compatible with these new 

machines and consumers need not worry that an existing collection will soon become 

obsolete. The primary impact of this new format for librarians will be making sure 

patrons understand the special equipment requirements for Blu-ray as well as making 

sure catalog records clearly state this to patrons. 

In order to play and/or record on Blu-ray discs, one will need players, recorders and/or 

disc drives specifically designed for Blu-ray discs as the current DVD players, recorders 

and disc drives will not play them. 

. In addition, 

some new Blu-ray disc players may also have an Ethernet card to connect with Internet 

providers 

. This will allow access to “BD-Live” or other features 

available for titles on the Internet. 

Chief Source of Information 

The chief source of information for DVD-Videos, in order of preference, is: 

• the item itself -- the title frames and credits 

• the container and container labels, if an integral part of the piece -- the disc 

Alternate sources of information, in order of preference, are: 

• accompanying textual material 

• the container, if not an integral part of the piece (disc container) 

• other sources 

9

DVDs should always be cataloged from the title screen(s) whenever possible. If 

information is not present on the title screen(s) or credits, prefer information from the 

disc itself. 

Please note -- some catalogers, for varying reasons, may not catalog using the 

information from the title screen but may create records solely using the information 

provided on the container or elsewhere. This is commonly referred to as “container 

cataloging” and should be noted in the record in a 500 field. The note may read 

something like this: 

500 $a Title from container. 

Leader 

The leader/06 (type of record) character position should be coded “g” for projected 

medium. 

Enhanced DVD-Videos that contain additional computer-oriented bonus materials 

should be treated as video recordings and coded “g.” 

008 Fixed-length Data Elements – Type of Date Code 

If a DVD contains the same material as the original motion picture from which it was 

copied and nothing significant has been added or changed, the MARC 21 fixed field 

008, byte 6, (OCLC Date type), is to be coded “p” (distribution/ production date) 

because the content is identical to that of the original work, but the medium is different 

(from film to video). The addition of trailers, biographical notes, or other minor features 

is not considered a significant change. Date 1 should be the date used in the 260 field 

(date of the DVD); date 2 is the date of original production of the movie, given in a 500 

note. 

If there is a change in content, then the item is to be treated as a new work, and MARC 

21 fixed field 008, byte 6, is coded “s”. This change in content may include anything 

from the addition of closed-captioning or a director's cut of the film to the addition of the 

many special features that are typically found on a DVD. 

Be aware that not all DVDs will automatically be coded as new works, because there 

are some items to which nothing significant has been added to the original content. 

Date type “r” is used only when something is reissued in the same medium with no 

change in content, so this would not apply to any DVD made from a motion picture or 

television program, whether or not the content had changed. 

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006 Fixed-length Data Elements -- Additional Material Characteristics 

This field is used to code for characteristics that cannot be coded in the fixed field. Use 

field 006 to code for the computer-related information of an enhanced DVD-Video. 

The category of material should be coded “m” for electronic resource. Code other 

values as appropriate. 

007 Fixed-length Data Elements -- Physical Characteristics 

This field is used to identify the physical characteristics of the DVD-Video in coded form. 

DVD-Videos should be coded in the following manner: 

MARC OCLC Subfield Code 

007/00 $a category of material v=videorecording 

007/01 $b specific material designation d=videodisc 

color 

b=black & white 

007/03 $d See MARC 21 for additional 

codes 

c=multicolored 

007/04 $e 

videorecording format 

*See note about VR format 

*Note about coding videorecording format (MARC 007/04) 

A new code, “s” was approved for Blu-ray videorecording format at the 2008 ALA 

Annual meeting but has not yet been authorized by MARBI or implemented by 

cataloging utilities as of the release of this Guide. Also, DVD-videos were 

previously coded “g” until a new value of “v” was defined for DVD. This change was 

approved during the ALA 2001 Annual Conference. The value “g” was changed to 

designate laserdisc. Be aware that older DVD records may reflect the “g” in byte 4. 

**Note about coding configuration of playback channels (MARC 007/08) 

DVD-Videos are frequently coded “k” because it is common to have a stereo track 

and a surround sound track. Often, the foreign language tracks will be in stereo 

while the English tracks are in surround sound. 

An additional 007 field coded for electronic resource should be included for enhanced 

DVD-Videos. 

11 

v=DVD 

z= other (use for Blu-ray and HD DVD) 

http://www.loc.gov/marc/marbi/2008/2008- 

09.html 

007/05 $f sound on medium or separate a=sound on same medium as film 

007/06 $g medium for sound i=videodisc 

007/07 $h Dimensions z=other 

007/08 $i 

Configuration of playback 

channels 

m = mono. Sound 

s = stereo. Sound 

q = four or more channels 

k = mixed configuration**

041 Language Code 

DVD-Videos frequently contain multiple types of language information – closedcaptioning, 

subtitles, and dubbed soundtracks. MARC 21 field 041 is used to code for 

languages associated with an item which cannot be fully conveyed by the fixed field 

element for language (three-character code in the 008/35-37). Field 041 codes are 

used in conjunction with field 546, where language notes are recorded in free text. 

Although not in final form, useful guidance for coding the 041 along with examples can 

be found in the OLAC CAPC Video Language Coding Best Practices Task Force Draft 

Recommendations. 

The Task Force has made the following recommendations for the 041: 

Code for the language(s) of the main content, including 

� Spoken language 

� Written language (including subtitles, captions, and intertitles) 

� Original language 

Do not code for language(s) of special features, credits, or packaging 

Language(s) of accompanying material should be mentioned in a note if this 

information is considered important; coding for accompanying material is at the 

discretion of the cataloger. 

The practice of coding subtitles and captions in the 041 is changing as of the writing of 

this document. In October of 2007, the new subfield (j) was defined for coding subtitles 

and captions, and it replaces subfield (b) for that purpose. Use of the new subfield (j) is 

currently authorized but may not yet be implemented, depending upon the cataloging 

service used. Catalogers should be aware of this change to the 041 field and watch for 

announcements of implementation. Subfield (b) is still in use for subtitles and captions 

when the language is other than that of the soundtrack of the film. Record the language 

codes in English alphabetical order. 

Example following new practice for subtitles: 

A Japanese language film with English dubbed alternative soundtrack, and English or 

Spanish subtitles 

008/lang jpn 

041 1 $a jpn $a eng $j eng $j spa $h jpn 

546 $a Japanese or English soundtracks with English or Spanish subtitles. 

The same film coded following current practice: 

008/lang jpn 

041 1 $a jpn $a eng $b spa $h jpn 

546 $a Japanese or English soundtracks with English or Spanish subtitles. 

12

Example following new practice for captions: An English language film with closedcaptioning 

in English 

008/lang eng 

041 0 $a eng $j eng 

546 $a Closed-captioned. 

The same film coded following current practice: 

008/lang eng 


Title and Statement of Responsibility Area 

Transcribe the title information and statement of responsibility from the chief source of 

information. Introductory phrases such as “MGM presents …” are not considered part of 

the title. 

As instructed in AACR2 7.1F1, limit statements of responsibility to those credited in the 

chief source as having a major role in creating the film. In general, this will include 

producer, director, and writer, but anyone centrally involved with the entire creation of 

the film should be included in the statement of responsibility. For example, include the 

director of animation for animated films, the choreographer for ballets, and the 

songwriter and lyricist for musicals. The “rule of three” applies here (1.1F5); if more 

than three persons or bodies perform the same function, omit all but the first. If more 

than three people performing the same function are considered important, such as 

multiple well-known writers, those people could be included in a 508 note which is not 

limited by the “rule of three.” Those people can then be traced as added entries 

following AACR2 21.29D if the cataloger so chooses. 

Maxwell’s Handbook for AACR2 provides additional guidance in determining the 

individuals/bodies to credit in the statement of responsibility and the individuals/bodies 

to transcribe in other areas of the bibliographic description. Maxwell explains the three 

types of activities that may be involved in the creation of a motion picture: 

(1) The sponsor has a “primary role that often includes promoting the initial idea 

of the film, financing the production, and arranging for production.” 

(2) The producer or production company “is responsible for the mechanics of 

making the motion picture.” 

(3) The releasing agent or distributor “issues the completed motion picture to the 

public.” (p. 201) 

Sponsors and producers/production companies are given in the statement of 

responsibility, provided the name(s) appear(s) in the chief source of information. 

Sponsors and producers/production companies are assumed to have a “type of author- 

13

creator responsibility.” If such names are not listed in the chief source and their 

relationship to the film is considered important, give this information in a note. (p. 202) 

The releasing agent/distributor is given in the publication/distribution area. 

Give all other statements of responsibility, including those related to performance, in 

notes. 

The GMD for DVD-Videos is [videorecording]. 

245 00 $a Wiggles. $p Racing to the rainbow $h [videorecording] / $c Hit 

Entertainment. 

245 14 $a The Joy Luck Club $h [videorecording] / $c Hollywood Pictures ; 

screenplay by Ronald Bass & Amy Tan ; produced by Wayne Wang … 

[et al.] ; directed by Wayne Wang. 

245 14 $a The Sopranos. $n Season six. $n Part 2 $h [videorecording] / 

$c created by David Chase ; Chase Films, Brad Grey Television ; a 

presentation of Home Box Office. 

Give any variations in the title as appropriate. 

245 00 $a 27 dresses $h [videorecording] 

246 3 $a Twenty-seven dresses 

245 00 $a There goes the neighborhood $h [videorecording] 

246 1 $i Title on container: $a Urban gentrification 

245 00 $a That darn cat! $h [videorecording] 

246 1 $i Title appears on item as: $a Walt Disney Pictures presents That darn 

cat! 

Edition Area 

Many film titles are or have been available in various versions including widescreen, 

standard, or extended version. The edition statement in the 250 field is used to 

distinguish these various versions. 

The item may carry a banner across the container saying, "Special Edition" or be 

otherwise identified on the disc or packaging. Such statements are usually transcribed 

in the 250 field. Statements that distinguish one format (e.g. VHS, DVD, Blu-ray) from 

another should be treated as a format (i.e. 300 field) and not as an edition statement in 

a 250. If there is no edition statement to transcribe and the statement is needed to 

distinguish one version from another, the cataloger may need to supply one in square 

brackets such as: [Widescreen ed.]. Examples of edition statements include: 

14

250 $a Special ed. 

250 $a Widescreen version. 

250 $a Standard version. 

250 $a Director's cut. 

250 $a Extended version. 

Sometimes such a statement describes an item, but there is no other version from 

which to distinguish it. For example, if a disc is released only in full-screen version it 

would not make sense to put full-screen in the 250. The movie "It happened one night" 

was filmed in 1.37:1 aspect ratio, so there are only full-screen releases. The box might 

read "full-screen," but it is not an edition statement in this case and would be entered in 

a 500 note rather than the 250 field. This applies to any information that does not 

distinguish versions. 

However, if a title has been known to be issued in multiple versions, then that 

information should be given in the 250 field, even if the cataloger has to supply the text 

in square brackets. 

250 $a Special director’s cut ed., [widescreen version]. 

Be careful to distinguish between edition statements related to the item in hand and 

series statements relating to the item as part of a publisher's collection. See the Series 

Area section for examples of series statements. 

Publication, Distribution, etc. Area -- Dates in Field 260 

Some DVDs have a copyright date on the printed disc surface that represents the date 

the item was published; this date is recorded in MARC 21 field 260, just as found (with 

the copyright symbol). 

If there is no copyright date on the disc surface, look for the latest date of those that 

may be printed on the back of the container [copyright date for cover design, etc.], and 

use this latest date as the assumed date of publication. Record this date in brackets and 

without the copyright symbol because it is an assumed date. Copyright renewal dates 

are ignored according to Library of Congress Rule Interpretation (LCRI) 1.4F6. 

15

Physical Description Area – Extent of Item 

A. SMD 

Use “videodisc” as the specific material designation (SMD) in the 300 field subfield (a). 

It is recommended that a 538 note be given stating the item is a DVD. 

300 $a 1 videodisc (66 min.) : $b sd., col. ; $c 4 3/4 in. + $e 1 booklet ([10] p. : 

col. ill. ; 20 cm.) 

Notes used with the above example would include: 

538 $a DVD. 

500 $a Booklet features pieces by critic David Ehrenstein, screenwriter David 

Sherwin, and director Lindsay Anderson. 

16 

[AACR2r 7.7B11, accompanying material note] 

If the example above were a Blu-ray Disc, the first note would change to: 

538 $a Blu-ray Disc. 

Optionally, rule 7.5B1 allows catalogers to use conventional terminology such as “DVDvideo” 

or “Blu-ray Disc” in the specific material designation area (SMD) of the 300 field 

subfield (a). 

300 $a 1 DVD-video (102 min.) : $b sd., b&w ; $c 4 ¾ in. 

300 $a 1 Blu-ray Disc (90 min.) : $b sd., col. ; $c 4 ¾ in. 

Note – There has been an informal understanding, based on Library of Congress 

practice of following Archival Moving Image Materials for moving images rather 

than Anglo American Cataloguing Rules, that the traditional terminology 

“videodisc” would continue to be used rather than conventional terminology. 

However, there may be libraries that choose to apply this option. 

B. Time 

The time given in subfield (a) of MARC 21 field 300 and recorded in the appropriate 

fixed field should be the time of the title recorded in field 245. Areas 1 through 6 of the 

bibliographic record refer to the title being cataloged, not to the special material. Times 

of supplementary material and/or special features may be given in the notes relating to 

that material or those features. 

The running time may be taken from any source, including the container. If the stated 

running time conflicts with the actual running time, give the actual running time in the 

fixed field and physical description area and make a note about the stated running time. 

500 $a Duration stated on container: 56 min.

Series Area 

Some phrases that would be used as series statements: 

490 1 $a Five star collection 

830 0 $a Five star collection. 

490 1 $a James Bond collection 

830 0 $a James Bond 007 collection. 

490 0 $a Star trek next generation movie collection 

490 1 $a New Line platinum series 

830 0 $a New Line platinum series. 

490 1 $a Criterion collection 

830 0 $a Criterion collection (DVD videodiscs) 

Note: 

The practice of coding series statements in the MARC format has recently changed. 

The 440 field has been made obsolete, and the first indicator of the 490 field has been 

redefined as “series traced in 8xx field”. See this PCC announcement 

and MARBI Proposal No. 2008-07 

for more information. 

Notes Area 

A. Introduction 

Information for notes is often taken from the container as there is a great deal of 

information on the containers of most DVDs. It is advisable to use information exactly as 

stated on the item and to include any information considered important in the 

bibliographic record. 

Notes are given in AACR order; however, consider giving the System details note first if 

it is considered to be of primary importance (permissible according to AACR 7.7B). 

Combine into one note information that would otherwise appear in two or more short 

notes as is permitted in AACR 1.7A5. Examples are shown in some of the following 

sections. 

17

B. Languages 

DVD-Videos may have only the soundtrack from the original film. In this case, a 

language note is made only if the language of the content is not apparent from the rest 

of the bibliographic description. 

546 $a In French. 

More often though, closed-captioning, one or more additional soundtracks, and/or 

subtitles in one or more languages have been added. In any such case, language notes 

are needed. 

Information about languages can be found on the container or a menu from the screen 

display. Languages are described in MARC 21 field 546 and coded in field 041. 

Subtitles 

The purpose of subtitles is to provide a translation of the soundtrack for nonnative 

language speakers. Subtitles assume the listener can hear the audio, 

thus include only a translation of the dialog or phrases summarizing the dialog. 

546 $a Soundtracks for the feature film in English, Spanish, and French, 

with optional subtitles in each language. 

Captioning 

Captioning serves a wider purpose and includes not only a translation of the 

dialog but also descriptions of sound effects, musical notes when there is music, 

and any other sounds that would be missed by someone who cannot hear the 

audio. Closed captions, utilized in many DVD-Videos, are not visible unless the 

viewer activates them via the TV remote control, TV menu or computer DVD 

player software menu. Open captions are always visible. 

When the container or DVD insert shows the following symbol, the DVD is 

closed-captioned: 

Captioning information is entered in the 546 field. 


18

Be aware that captioning may not extend to special features. Optionally, 

indicate in the language note not only the presence of closed-captioning but also 

which items on the DVD carry this closed-captioning. 

546 $a In Italian or French with optional French subtitles; closed 

captioned in Italian. 

546 $a Closed-captioned. In English with optional subtitles in English 

and Spanish (feature film only). 

[AACR2r 7.7B2, language] 

Comment: In these examples, the captioning information is combined with 

other language information. 

Closed-captioning data is decoded by the viewer’s home system. Occasionally, 

a DVD will include closed captions that work only on the captioning decoder in a 

television; the captions will not display on a computer monitor. If the container 

states the DVD is captioned but the captions do not display on the computer 

DVD player, try the disc on a DVD player that displays on a television. If the 

captions do display on the television, this should be noted in the record. If the 

captions do not display at all, the inaccuracy on the box should be noted. 

500 $a Container has symbol for closed captioning, however, video 

does not have captions. 

500 $a Edited version does not include closed-captioning, French 

language soundtrack, and special features as stated on container. 

Subtitles for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (SDH) 

SDH is the acronym for “Subtitles for the deaf and hard-of-hearing” and refers to 

regular subtitles in the original language where important non-dialog audio has 

been added, as well as speaker identification which is useful when the viewer 

cannot otherwise visually tell which dialog is being spoken by a particular 

onscreen character or person. 

19

Appearance is the only significant difference for the user between SDH subtitles 

and standard closed captioning. The SDH subtitles usually are displayed with 

the same proportional font used for the translation subtitles on the DVD. Closed 

captions are displayed as white text on a black band, which blocks a large 

portion of the action onscreen. 

546 $a In English with optional Spanish and French audio tracks; with 

optional subtitles for the deaf and hearing impaired (SDH). 

Audio Description / Descriptive Video Captioning 

Although not common, some materials include Descriptive Video Captioning 

(DVC) which provides an audio description of the action onscreen for the visually 

impaired. The description is done in such a manner as not to interfere with the 

spoken dialog. 

546 $a Audio-described. 

Chart of Information on Container 

Some publishers use a chart for language, sound, and other information on the 

back of the container. 

These charts should be checked against the menu on the DVD to verify what is 

present on the DVD. The chart can be confusing, and catalogers should take 

care when making an assessment. Not only is the chart on the container 

sometimes inaccurate, but the screen menus may be also. The language and 

caption settings should be checked on the actual video. This is easiest to do with 

a computer DVD player such as WinDVD or PowerDVD. By right-clicking on the 

video, it is possible to view and change language and caption settings. 

Inaccuracies should be noted. 

20

C. Statement of Responsibility 

Rule 7.7B6 sets out guidelines but also allows for flexibility among cataloging agencies: 

• List featured players, performers, narrators, and/or presenters 

• List persons other than the cast who have contributed to the artistic and/or 

technical production of a film and who are not named in the statement of 

responsibility. 

• Assistants, associates, and other persons making minor contributions should 

not be included. 

• Each name or group of names should be prefaced by a statement of function. 

Cast (those listed in the first guideline) should be given in MARC 21 field 511. Other 

individuals that should be credited (those listed in the second guideline) are given in 

MARC field 508. Others deemed important that do not fit in a cast or credits note may 

be given in MARC field 500. 

511 1 $a Vivien Lee, Simone Signoret, Jose Ferrer, Lee Mervin, Oskar Werner, 

Elizabeth Ashley, George Segal, Jose Greco, Michael Dunn, Charles 

Korvin, Heinz Ruehmann, Lilia Skala. 

511 0 $a Narrator, Julie Andrews ; voices, Jeff Bennett, Kevin Lima, Teala Dunn. 

508 $a Music, Ernest Gold. 

D. Edition and History 

Make notes relating to the edition being described. 

500 $a Music has been changed for this home entertainment version. Some 

episodes may be edited from their original versions. 

500 $a Based on the play by Michael Hastings. 

Make notes relating to the history of the film, including dates for the original production, 

regardless of format. 

500 $a Originally produced as a documentary film in 2004. 

500 $a Originally released as a motion picture in 1949. 

500 $a Originally broadcast on Fox television during the 2005-2006 season. 

21 

[AACR2r 7.7B7, edition and history]

F. Publication, Distribution, etc. and Date 

Make notes on publication, distribution, etc. details not included in the publication, 

distribution, etc. area that are considered to be important. Give the date of original 

production when it differs from the date of publication, distribution, etc. 

500 $a Originally produced and copyrighted in 1981. 

Comment: Released in 1995 

When applicable, give information about the country of release if that is not stated 

elsewhere in the description. 

500 $a Spanish release of the original English-language version produced by 

Alberto Grimaldi in 1974 and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. 

22 

[AACR2r 7.7B publication, etc.] 

G. Physical Description 

Sound 

Make notes on any special characteristics of sound components. Information 

relating to the sound content can often be found on the container. 

500 $a Mono. sound. 

500 $a Dolby digital 5.1 sound, stereo. 

Sound information may be combined with language notes. 

[AACR2r 7.7B10a, sound characteristics] 

546 $a Soundtracks: English (Dolby digital 5.1 surround sound); English 

(Dolby surround sound); French (Dolby surround sound). 

546 $a Soundtracks: English (stereo.), French (mono.). 

546 $a Soundtracks in English, French, and Spanish. 

[AACR2r 7.7B2, language, and 7.7B10a, sound characteristics] 

Sound information may be combined with notes on system requirements. 

538 $a DVD; Dolby surround sound for English sound track. 

538 $a DVD; one English sound track with original mono., the other with 

Dolby surround 5.1 sound. 

[AACR2r 7.7B10f, videorecording system; 7.7B2, language; 

7.7B10a, sound characteristics]

System Requirements 

Because of its importance, the systems requirement information may be given in 

the first note position. The MARC 21 field for system requirements, field 538, is 

used for the name of the format and any additional physical information that 

might control the user’s choice of playback equipment. Information about DVD 

format, Blu-ray Disc format, television system, and region coding should be 

recorded when applicable. 

1. DVD and Blu-ray Formats 

DVD-Video discs require either a DVD player or a DVD computer drive with DVD 

player software. Blu-ray Discs require a Blu-ray player. Any special equipment 

needed for playback should be noted. This information is commonly found on 

the packaging, either stated in text or in the form of a logo. 

538 $a Requires a Blu-ray player. 

538 $a This is both a High Definition and a standard DVD and will play 

in both players. 

23 

[AACR2r 7.7B10f., videorecording system] 

Equipment needed for the computer portion of enhanced DVDs is included in a 

note borrowed from AACR2r Chapter 9, either as part of the DVD 538 or as an 

additional 538. Use one note stating the DVD is enhanced and use field 538 for 

the system requirements for the computer portion, though the notes may be 

combined. If the computer-related material is significant, the cataloger may 

choose to describe it in a 500 note. 

538 $a Enhanced DVD; for the 3 games a DVD-ROM drive with 

Windows 95 or higher is required. Will not work on a Mac or in a 

CD-ROM drive. 

500 $a Includes 3 computer games, links to fan sites. 

[AACR2r 7.7B10f, videorecording system, combined with 9.7B1b]

538 $a System requirements for DVD-ROM features: Computer capable 

of playing DVD movies; Microsoft Windows 95 or higher. Will not 

work in a CD-ROM drive or on a Macintosh. 

24 

[AACR2r 9.7B1b, system requirements] 

538 $a DVD-ROM minimum system requirements: InterActualcompatible 

player (included on this disc), Microsoft Windows 98SE 

or later, Microsoft IE 5.5 SP1, Macromedia Flash Player 7, an 

Internet connection, a DVD-ROM drive and a DirectShowcompatible 

DVD decoder. This DVD will not work in a CD-ROM 

drive and the DVD-ROM features are not available on Apple Mac 

OS. 

500 $a Special features: Interactive timeline; Historical lecture: new 

gods for old; Hunting for treasure interactive game. 

[AACR2r 9.7B1b, system requirements] 

2. Television Systems 

There are three different format systems for television broadcasting: 

• NTSC (National Television Systems Committee) - the TV format used 

in Canada, Japan, Mexico, Philippines, Taiwan, the United States and 

other countries 

• PAL (Phase Alternate Line) - the TV format used in most of Europe, 

most of Africa, China, India, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, North Korea, 

and other countries 

• SECAM (Sequential Color with Memory) - the TV format used in eastern 

Europe and France 

Because videos formatted for one television system will not play on a television 

operating under a different format, the system requirements note should include 

information about the television system format. 

538 $a NTSC. 

538 $a DVD is in NTSC format on one side, and PAL format on the 

other.

3. World Region Codes 

Motion pictures studios control the home release of movies in different countries 

through the inclusion of codes on videodiscs that prevent playback in 

geographical regions that are not authorized for that code. DVD players also 

contain a code for the region in which it is sold and will refuse playback of discs 

that are not coded for that geographical region. 

Region Codes for Standard-definition DVD 

The world is divided into seven regions for standard DVD technology; 

each region produces players that will only play DVDs designed for that 

region. Information about the region usually will be found on the disc 

container. For example, a small symbol of a globe with a superimposed 

number 1 on the container of a DVD tells the user that this DVD will work 

in a player produced for region 1 (i.e., North America). 

The Standard-definition DVD regions are: 

1. U.S., Canada, U.S. Territories 

2. Japan, Europe, South Africa, and Middle East (including Egypt) 

3. Southeast Asia and East Asia (including Hong Kong) 

4. Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, Central America, Mexico, 

South America, and the Caribbean 

5. Eastern Europe (former Soviet Union), Indian subcontinent, Africa, 

North Korea, and Mongolia 

6. China 

7. Reserved 

8. Special international venues (airplanes, cruise ships) 

Also, there are all-region discs (sometimes called "region 0") and allregion 

players. 

Region Codes for Blu-ray Disc 

Blu-ray Discs may be encoded with a region code that restricts the region 

in which they can be played much like the DVD region codes, or they may 

be produced without region coding. 

25

The Blu-ray regions are: 

Region A (Orange): North America, South America, Central America, 

Japan, Taiwan, North Korea, South Korea, Hong 

Kong, and Southeast Asia 

Region B (Yellow): Europe, Greenland, French territories, Middle East, 

Africa, Australia, and New Zealand 

Region C (Purple): India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Mainland China, Pakistan, 

Russia, Central and South Asia 

538 $a Produced for region 4 (Central and South America); user must 

have a DVD player that will play region 4 DVDs. 

538 $a Blu-ray; NTSC; region 1. 

538 $a DVD; NTSC; region 1. 

538 $a DVD; all regions; Dolby digital surround stereo. 

538 $a DVD; Region 4; PAL. 

26 

[AACR2r 9.7B1b, system requirements]

Other 

1. Layers 

Some containers indicate “Single layer” and some “Dual layer” or “Dual-layer 

format”. Include this information if it appears on the item. When creating a note, it 

is preferable to retain the wording as it appears on the item. 

500 $a Dual-layer format. 

500 $a Dual-layer. 

500 $a Single layer. 

27 

[AACR2r 7.7B10k, physical description, other] 

2. Aspect Ratio 

There are many ways in which movie images are reproduced for use on a 

television screen. Widescreen movies may be reproduced as they were originally 

shown by including a black bar across the top and bottom of the screen (letterbox 

format) so the film image is reproduced completely. This information about 

aspect ratio is included in most reviews of DVDs, so it is considered important 

enough to mention in a note. There seem to be many different aspect ratios. The 

ratio is not always given, but when it is, make a note. 

500 $a Aspect ratio 2.35:1 


500 $a Aspect ratio 1.77:1; "enhanced for 16 x 9 television." 


Aspect ratio information may be combined with notes on system requirements. 

538 $a DVD; Dolby surround stereo; aspect ratio 2.40:1. 

Widescreen movies may also be reproduced using the pan-and-scan technique 

in which only parts of each frame of film are shown. This pan-and-scan 

technique should be mentioned in the bibliographic record. 

500 $a Original film in widescreen; reproduced using pan-and-scan 

technique.

If the aspect ratio is given as 1.33:1, and the container says “Standard full frame 

— Formatted from the original version to fit your screen,” record the information 

as follows: 

500 $a Aspect ratio 1.33:1; formatted from the original version to fit the 

television screen. 

Information on layers and aspect ratio can be combined. 

500 $a Dual-layer format; aspect ratio 2.35:1. 

It should also be noted that aspect ratio information might appear in the edition 

area if identified as such: 

250 $a Pan and scan ed. 

[All these notes AACR2r 7.7B10f, physical description, other] 

3. Other Information 

Some phrases or words appear on the container and/or title screens and look 

important but don’t seem to fit anywhere. Transcribe them as found, in quotation 

marks. 

500 $a "THX digitally remastered." 

500 $a "Lucasfilm system.” 

28 

[AACR2r 7.7B10k, physical description, other] 

H. Audience Rating Code 

Audience information is to be given only if found on the item. However, when someone 

does cataloging for a school library with the training and background to make the 

judgment as to what ages or grades a title would be suitable for, this information may be 

very useful to patrons of that library. The note could be in quotes if the information 

appears on the item, or be followed by the name or initials of the person determining the 

audience level when that is done. 

Ratings information should be given when found on the item. There are many kinds 

of ratings; the most common in the United States is the Motion Picture Association of 

America (MPAA) rating. 

521 8 $a MPAA rating: PG. 

521 8 $a MPAA rating: PG; for mild action, language and brief rude humor. 

[AACR2r 7.7B14, audience]

I. Summary Note 

Summaries are to be brief, without any judgmental terms. They need not be written in 

complete sentences. One may begin by using information appearing on the package, 

and then editing as needed to remove judgmental adjectives or other superfluous 

words. If a summary is used exactly as found on the package, it should be enclosed in 

quotation marks, with the source cited. 

Further guidelines for writing summary notes, including specific guidance for motion 

pictures and video recordings can be found in Summary Notes for Catalog Records, a 

publication of the OLAC Summary/Abstracts Task Force 

 

520 $a Mr. Bean can't believe his luck when he wins a camcorder and an all- 

expense paid vacation to the French Riviera. However, during his train 

journey to the south of France, he falls face first into a series of mishaps 

and fortunate coincidences, all of which are caught on camera and far- 

fetched enough to ensure his own makeshift entry into the Cannes Film 

Festival. 

520 $a "Too busy to work out? All you need is fifteen minutes a day! Pilates 

Week: Five 15-Minute Workouts for the Busy Teen is an exciting workout 

specifically for teenagers -- and for those who still feel like teenagers"— 

Container. 

520 $a Includes video essays about the people, places, cultures, and the 

beauty of Massachusetts. 

J. Informal Contents Note 

Information about special features and/or additional material included on a DVD is listed 

in an informal contents note. 

500 $a Special features include outtake musical numbers, newsreel excerpts, 

theatrical trailers and cast interviews. 

500 $a Includes 2005 documentary on the making of the film (50 min.) hosted 

by Stephen Spielberg. 

500 $a Includes original theatrical version, and special version with 28 minutes 

of additional footage. 

500 $a Includes director/producer biographies, cast filmographies, photo 

gallery, and music video. 

29

500 $a Includes both widescreen and standard versions. 

30 

[AACR2r 7.7B18, contents] 

International Standard Numbers 

Most DVDs have an ISBN (10 or 13 digits long), a manufacturer’s or publisher’s number 

on the spine of the container, and possibly a Universal Product Code (UPC) or an 

International Article Number (EAN) as well. These numbers are added to the record in 

the 020, 024, and 028 fields. Always remember, of course, to follow the directions for 

these fields with regards to indicators, etc. 

A. ISBN 

The newly implemented (2007) 13-digit ISBN is recorded in the 020 field with no 

indicator values. 

020 $a 1419845284 

020 $a 9780323045049 

B. UPC (Universal Product Code) and EAN (International Article Number) 

The 13-digit EAN number (usually beginning with a 978) is recorded in the 024 field with 

a first indicator of 3. The 12-digit UPC is recorded with a first indicator 1. 

024 3 $a 9780025895578 

024 1 $a 085391112990 

C. Manufacturer's Number 

The manufacturer’s number goes in field 028, with subfield (b) containing the publisher’s 

name. Use 4 as the first indicator for video recordings; the second indicator is used to 

specify whether a note or added entry will be generated. For specific instructions on 

coding the 028 field, see MARC21 Format for Bibliographic Data. 

 

028 41$a 59326 $b Warner Bros. Entertainment 

(Note, added entry – searchable) 

028 42 $a 59326 $b Warner Bros. Entertainment 

(Note, no added entry – not searchable)

Since retrieval capability varies for online systems, please note that some systems allow 

tag 028 to be searchable with either 1 or 2 as the second indicator. 

31

Publisher 

Title 

Copyright 

DVD-Video Example 1 (Enhanced) 

Disc Label 

DVD Video 

32 

Dolby 

Digital 

Digital 

Theater 

Sound

DVD-Video Example 1 (Enhanced) 

000 03411cgm 2200637Ia 4500 

006 m d 

007 vd cvaizq 

007 co ugu 

008 010104s1997 xxu127 e vleng d 

020 $a0780630211 

020 $a9780780630215 

024 1 $a794043499722 

028 42$aN4997$bNew Line Home Video 

041 1 $aeng$bfre$heng 

245 00$aSe7en$h[videorecording] /$cNew Line Productions, Inc. ; produced 

by Arnold Kopelson, Phyllis Carlyle ; directed by David Fincher ; written 

by Andrew Kevin Walker. 

246 3 $aSeven 

246 3 $a7 

250 $aWidescreen letterboxed version. 

260 $a[United States] :$bNew Line Home Video,$cc2000. 

300 $a2 videodiscs (127 min.) :$bsd., col. ;$c4 3/4 in. 

490 1 $aNew Line platinum series 

538 $aDVD; Dolby surround stereo; aspect ratio 2.40:1. 

538 $aIn order to operate the enhanced PC features of the disc a DVD- 

ROM and Windows 95 or higher is required. Some of the DVD's enhanced 

features will not work on a Mac. 

546 $aEnglish with English and French subtitles available; closedcaptioned. 

511 1 $aBrad Pitt, Morgan Freeman, Gwyneth Paltrow, John C. McGinley. 

508 $aDirector of photography, Darius Khondji; editor, Richard Francis- 

Bruce; music, Howard Shore. 

500 Originally released as a motion picture in 1995. 

521 8 $aRated R. 

520 $aA psychological thriller about two detectives … 

505 0 $aDisc one: (the movie). Four feature-length audio … 

830 0$aNew Line platinum series. 

33

DVD-Video Example 2 Chronicles of Narnia – Widescreen ed. 

000 04167cgm 2200649Ka 4500 

007 vd cvaizq 

008 060413s2006 cau132 g vleng d 

020 $a9780788860713 

024 1 $a786936292916 

028 42$a40986$bWalt Disney Home Entertainment 

041 1 $aeng$afre$aspa$heng 

130 0 $aChronicles of Narnia, the lion, the witch and the wardrobe 

(Motion picture) 

245 14$aThe chronicles of Narnia.$pThe lion, the witch and the 

wardrobe$h[videorecording] /$cWalt Disney Pictures and Walden Media 

presents a Mark Johnson production, an Andrew Adamson film ; produced by 

Mark Johnson, Philip Steuer ; screenplay by Ann Peacock ... [et al.] ; 

directed by Andrew Adamson. 

246 30$aLion, the witch and the wardrobe 

250 $a[Widescreen ed.]. 

260 $aBurbank, CA :$bWalt Disney Home Entertainment,$c[2006] 

300 $a1 videodisc (ca. 135 min.) :$bsd., col. ;$c4 3/4 in. 

538 $aDVD; region 1; widescreen (2.35:1) presentation (enhanced for 

16x9 televisions); Dolby digital 5.1 surround; DTS 5.1 surround. 

546 $aEnglish or dubbed French or Spanish dialogue, French or Spanish 

subtitles; closed-captioned. 

511 1 $aGeorgie Henley, Skandar Keynes, William Moseley, Anna Popplewell, 

Tilda Swinton, James McAvoy, Jim Broadbent, Kiran Shah, James Cosmo, Judy 

McIntosh, Elizabeth Hawthorne, Patrick Kake. 

508 $aDirector of photography, Donald M. McAlpine ; music composer, 

Harry Gregson-Williams ; editor, Sim Evan-Jones ; costume designer, Isis 

Mussenden ; production designer, Roger Ford. 

500 $aBased on the book by C.S. Lewis. 

500 $aOriginally released as a motion picture in 2005. 

521 8 $aMPAA rating: PG; for battle sequences and frightening moments. 

520 $aLucy Pevensie, along with her older brothers … 

500 $aSpecial features: Bloopers; discover Narnia fun facts; kids & 

director commentary; filmmakers' commentary. 

34

DVD-Video Example 3 Chronicles of Narnia – Standard format ed. 

000 03219cgm 2200649Ia 4500 

007 vd cvaizq 

008 060404r20062005cau143 g vleng d 

020 $a0788860704 

020 $a9780788860706 

024 1 $a786936292916 






wardrobe$h[videorecording] /$cWalt Disney Pictures and Walden Media ; 

produced by Mark Johnson, Philip Steuer ; screenplay by Ann Peacock ... 

[et al.] ; directed by Andrew Adamson. 

250 $aStandard format. 

260 $aBurbank, CA :$bWalt Disney Home Entertainment :$bDistributed by 

Buena Vista Home Entertainment,$c2006. 

300 $a1 videodisc (ca. 143 min.) :$bsd., col. ;$c4 3/4 in. 

538 $aDVD; Dolby digital 5.1 surround; DTS 5.1 surround; region 1. 

546 $aSoundtracks in English, French or Spanish; subtitles in English, 

French or Spanish; closed captioned. 

511 1 $aGeorgie Henley, Skandar Keynes, William Moseley, Anna Popplewell, 

Tilda Swinton, James McAvoy, Jim Broadbent, Liam Neeson. 

508 $aDirector of photography, Donald M. McAlpine ; editors, Sim Evan- 

Jones, Jim May ; music composer, Harry Gregson-Williams. 

500 $aOriginally produced as a motion picture in 2005. 


521 8 $aMPAA rating: PG. 

520 $aWhen Lucy Pevensie, her older brothers Edmund and Peter, and her 

older sister Susan are sent to the country for safer keeping during the 

initial bombing raids of WW II, they decide to play hide-and-seek in the 

strange house of the mysterious professor … 

500 $aSpecial features include The bloopers of Narnia, Discover Narnia 

fun facts, audio commentaries. 

35

DVD-Video Example 4 Chronicles of Narnia – Blu-ray Disc 

000 05216cgm 2201009Ia 4500 

007 vd czaizk 

008 080515s2008 cau143 g vleng d 

020 $a9780788884917 

024 1 $a786936751963 






wardrobe$h[videorecording] /$cWalt Disney Pictures and Walden Media 

present a Mark Johnson production, an Andrew Adamson film ; produced by 

Mark Johnson, Philip Steuer ; screenplay by Ann Peacock ... [et al.] ; 

directed by Andrew Adamson. 

246 30$aLion, the witch and the wardrobe 

250 $a2-disc Blu-ray ed. 

260 $aBurbank, CA :$bWalt Disney Home Entertainment :$bDistributed by 

Buena Vista Home Entertainment,$c[2008] 

300 $a2 videodiscs (143 min.) :$bsd., col. ;$c4 3/4 in. 

538 $aBlu-ray Disc, widescreen (2.40:1) presentation; Dolby digital 5.1 

uncompressed (48 kHz/16-bit) surround; Dolby digital 5.1 surround; 1080p 

High-Definition; requires Blu-ray player. 

546 $aEnglish (Dolby 5.1 uncompressed, Dolby 5.1), dubbed French (Dolby 

5.1) or dubbed Spanish (Dolby 5.1), French or Spanish subtitles; English 

subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing. 

511 1 $aGeorgie Henley, Skandar Keynes, William Moseley … 

508 $aDirector of photography, Donald M. McAlpine … 


500 $aOriginally released as a motion picture in 2005. 

521 8 $aMPAA rating: PG; for battle sequences and frightening moments. 

520 $aPeter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy decide to play hide-and-seek … 

500 $aSpecial features: Disc 1: Feature ; Disc 2: "Battle for Narnia" … 

36

III. Cataloging DualDiscs 

By Julie Moore, Anchalee Panigabutra-Roberts, and Carolyn Walden 

This section addresses cataloging DualDiscs, sometimes called Hybrid Dual Discs, using 

rules found in AACR2 Chapter 6 (Sound Recordings) and Chapter 7 (Motion Pictures and 

Videorecordings) and the document New Sound Recording Formats – Library of Congress 

Practice available at 

General Comments 

The DualDisc is a 4 ¾ inch disc where one side is a standard audio compact disc and the 

opposite side is a DVD-video or audio. Sometimes the DVD side is dominant, which results 

in the CD audio side as the opposite side. The hybrid CD/DVD or DVD/CD format appeared 

in test markets of Boston and Seattle in March 2004. 

On the compact disc side, there is “compatible digital audio at 44.1kHz 16-bit and on the 

other, DVD-Video, with the possibility of including high-resolution DVD-Audio content.” 

. 

“Independent and major record labels announced in November 2004 the availability of 

more than 50 titles to be released through the 2004 holiday season.” 

 

The DualDisc.com website in The Frequently Asked Questions section reminds readers of 

important technical information. 

• It is important to have 5.1 channel surround system to take advantage of the discs 

that feature surround sound music. The DVD side will contain superior audio and will 

result in a “rich, three-dimensional musical experience.” 

• Use the DVD side in a DVD player to enjoy enhanced audio and any additional DVD 

features. The CD side will play on most CD and DVD models. 

• Note that each side is marked for play on a CD or DVD player. 

• The DVD side will not play in a CD player. Remember to re-insert with the correct 

side to play. 

Since DualDiscs are a combination of DVD and CD characteristics, one of the first 

challenges to face DualDisc catalogers is to determine the predominant material. What is 

the more important part of the DualDisc, the sound recording or the video recording? In 

some cases, there is no predominant material. In such a case, the decision as to whether 

the DualDisc is to be cataloged as a sound recording or a video recording is left to 

cataloger judgment. 

37

This section will not attempt to duplicate cataloging practice for single CD items that follow 

AACR2 Chapter 6 or single DVD items that follow AACR2 Chapter 7. Instead, the 

information presented in this section will clarify how to describe the DualDiscs in the fields 

that may differ from the cataloging of single-format discs. 


As indicated in Chapter 6 for sound recordings, the chief sources of information are the disc 

and label with preference for textual data to sound data. In Chapter 7 for DVDs, the chief 

source of information is the item (e.g., title frames). If the information cannot be taken from 

the chief source, use accompanying textual material which may be found in scripts, 

publicity material, etc. and the container if it is not an integral part of the DVD. The 

cataloger will make this determination when deciding whether the dominant content is 

audio or video. Promotional material with an item may help determine if the item has been 

marketed and created as a specific format (CD vs. DVD) with the opposite format as 

supplementary material. If this cannot be determined, defer to cataloger judgment. 

Leader 

For the CD or DVD-Audio dominant DualDisc, use “i” or “j” as appropriate. For the DVD- 

Video dominant DualDisc, use type “g.” 

i = nonmusical sound recording 

j = musical sound recording 

g = projected medium 

006 Fixed-length Data Elements – Additional Material Characteristics 

Include information for the additional format (DVD-Video, DVD-Audio, or CD audio as 

appropriate) 

007 Fixed-length Data Elements – Physical Characteristics 

Include information for the dominant and alternate formats as appropriate. 

General Material Designation 

The dominant content will determine whether the GMD will be [sound recording] or 

[videorecording]. 

38

Physical Description Area 

Library of Congress has issued separate guidelines in their document New Sound 

Recording Formats 

300 $a 1 DualDisc : $b digital ; $c 4 ¾ in. 

Notes Area 

Include a note to describe the DualDisc characteristics. 

500 $a Hybrid CD/DVD-video disc. 

500 $a Hybrid CD/DVD-audio disc. 

If system requirements are present, include this in a note but if not present, do not provide 

a note. 

500 $a Stereo, Dolby digital. 

500 $a Widescreen (1.78:1) presentation; Dolby digital 5.1 surround. 

500 $a Enhanced DVD-audio. 

39

DualDisc Example 1 (CD Emphasis) 

000 02275cjm 2200445Ia 4500 

006 g--- vl 

007 sd fungnnmmned 

007 vd cvaizs 

008 060315r20061998nyufmnn d n eng d 

024 1 $a828768286722 

024 8 $a00828768286722 

028 02$a82876 82867 2$bColumbia 

043 $an-us--- 

100 1 $aSpringsteen, Bruce.$4prf 

245 10$aWe shall overcome$h[sound recording] :$bthe Seeger sessions 

/$cBruce Springsteen. 

246 30$aSeeger sessions 

260 $aNew York, NY :$bColumbia,$cp2006. 

300 $a1 DualDisc :$bdigital ;$c4 3/4 in. 

500 $aHybrid CD/DVD-video disc. 

500 $aFolk songs associated with Pete Seeger. 

511 0 $aBruce Springsteen, vocals, guitar, and other instruments; with 

instrumental and vocal acc. 

518 $aRecorded in 1997, 2005, and 2006, at Thrill Hill, Boxwood 

Studios, NJ. 

500 $aThe title track originally released by Appleseed Recordings in 

1998. 

500 $a"The audio side of this disc does not conform to CD 

specifications and therefore not all DVD and CD players will play the 

audio side of this disc"--Container. 

500 $aDVD side comprises the entire album in PCM stereo., a 30 min. 

film about the recording of the album, artist commentary, and 2 bonus 

tracks; also filmed performances of John Henry, Pay me my money down, 

Buffalo gals, Erie Canal, O Mary don't you weep, and Shenandoah. 

500 $aLyrics in container. 

505 00$gCD:$tOld Dan Tucker --$tJesse James … 

40

DualDisc Example 2 (CD Emphasis) 

000 01401njm 2200301Ia 4500 

006 g--- vl 

007 sd fungnn|mned 

007 vd cvaiz| 

008 060613p20061996xx zznn n zxx d 

024 1 $a604388663828 

028 02$aBBSF 015DD$bSummerfold 

110 2 $aWorld Drummers Ensemble. 

245 12$aA coat of many colors$h[sound recording] /$cWorld Drummers 

Ensemble. 

260 $a[S.l.] :$bSummerfold,$cp2006. 

300 $a1 DualDisc :$bdigital ;$c4 3/4 in. 

511 0 $aWorld Drummers Ensemble: Chad Wackerman, acoustic drums, 

pitched drums and pitched cymbals ; Luis Conte, conga drums, 

timbales, cajon, percussion ; Bill Bruford, acoustic and electronic 

drums ; Doudou N'Diaye Rose, sabar and gorom babass. 

500 $aHybrid CD/DVD-video disc. 

518 $aDVD filmed live on stage at the Koninklijk Theatre Carre, 

Amsterdam, Feb. 21, 2005. Some audio tracks recorded at Palais des 

Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Jan. 31, 1996. 

505 00$tConundrum --$tMajorette --$tPrism --$tBaye Kene N'Diaye -- 

$tRitm kompozisyon --$tA coat of many colors --$tSelf portrait --$tSa 

N'Diaye --$gAdditional tracks in DVD side only:$tB'boom --$tEncuentro 

(Encounter). 

41

DualDisc 

Symbol 

CD DVD 

CD Side 

Publisher 

Distributor 

DualDisc Example 3 (DVD Emphasis) 

DVD 

Video 

(for the 

DVD side) 

Disc Hub 

Title 

Front Cover 

Back Cover 

42 

National 

Television 

Systems 

Committee 

Title & Author 

DVD Side 

Dolby Digital 

Symbol

DualDisc Example 3 (DVD Emphasis) 

000 02464cgm 2200421Ia 4500 

006 jjznn n 

007 vd cvaiz| 

007 sd fsngnnmmned 

008 051020p20051992xx --- vleng d 

024 10$a731383612527 

028 40$aM2-35125$bMilan 

245 00$aMaurice Jarre's musical tribute to David 

Lean$h[videorecording] /$cEditions Bleu Marine ; Milan presents ; 

produced by Maurice Jarre and L.A. Johnson ; director, L.A. Johnson. 

246 1 $iTitle on DVD and CD side labels:$aLean by Jarre 

246 1 $iContainer subtitle:$aMusical tribute to Sir David Lean 

260 $a[S.l.] :$bMilan Entertainment,$c[2005]. 

300 $a1 DualDisc :$bsd., col. ;$c4 3/4 in. 

538 $aDVD side: enhanced stereo, Dolby digital. 

500 $aHybrid DVD-video/CD disc. 

511 0 $aMaurice Jarre, conductor ; Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. 

500 $a DVD and compact disc originally recorded separately in 1992. 

518 $aRecorded live at the Barbican Centre, London. 

521 $aNot rated. 

520 $aLean by Jarre is a live performance … 

505 1 $aDVD side track listing: Remembrance ; Ryan's Daughter suite ; 

A passage to India suite ; Doctor Zhivago suite ; Offering ; A passage 

to India (Garden of Statues) ; Lawrence of Arabia suite. 

505 1 $aCD side track listing: Remembrance ; Ryan's Daughter suite ; A 

passage to India suite ; Doctor Zhivago suite ; Offering ; Lawrence of 

Arabia suite. 

505 0 $aFull album in enhanced stereo plus audio of the bonus track "A 

passage to India" (Garden of Statues) from the DVD concert program -- 

Full concert video -- Maurice Jarre interview with Christian Lauliac 

(35 min.; English subtitles) -- Biographies, filmographies. 

43

IV. Cataloging DVD-Audio 

By Marcia Barrett, Nancy Lorimer, and Walter Walker 

This section addresses cataloging commercially available DVD-Audio containing 

musical and non-musical sound recordings, using the rules found in AACR2 Chapter 6 

(Sound recordings). 


As with other sound recordings, the title should always be taken from the label on the 

disc whenever possible. In absence of a label title, the container (including any insert 

material that shows through the container), the title or menu screen, or other 

accompanying material may be used. Prefer textual data to sound data (per AACR2 

6.0B1) 

General Comments on DVD-Audio 

DVD-Audio, “designed to replace CD-Audio as the primary carrier of prerecorded music 

for the record industry,” more than doubles the fidelity of a standard audio CD and 

supports additional data such as text, still images, and video 

. Able to contain up to 

seven times as much information as a CD, DVD-Audio has sound as its primary 

content, although it will always have minimal visual content in that there will be a menu 

screen for navigation. A DVD-Audio may also contain additional visual features. Most, 

however, contain nothing additional. 

Cataloging a DVD-Audio is similar to cataloging any other manifestation of a sound 

recording. There are some special features, however, that are not directly addressed in 

AACR2, but that do need to be described in the bibliographic record. These features are 

the emphasis of this document. 

Occasionally, a DVD-Audio may have material on the second side of the disc. This may 

be in a different format, such as a DVD-Video. In these cases, the cataloger should 

consult other portions of this guide. 

The GMD for DVD-Audio is [sound recording]: 

245 10 $a Magnificat $h [sound recording] : $b a capella works. 

Enhanced DVD-Audio 

Some DVD-Audio discs contain additional material that requires a computer or DVD- 

Video player for access. In these discs, the primary component of the DVD is the sound 

44

ecording itself. Computer-accessed material is secondary (equivalent to accompanying 

material in AACR2) and may include short videos, program notes, recording credits, 

games, etc. Enhanced DVD-Audio discs should be cataloged as sound recordings. Use 

one note to state that the DVD-Audio is enhanced, one to give the system requirements 

for the video portion, and one to describe the video contents, if deemed important. 

500 $a Enhanced DVD-Audio. 

538 $a System requirements: Accompanying video requires DVD-video 

compatible Dolby digital (AC-3) player or computer for 

viewing. 

500 $a Accompanying videos include a history of Chanticleer and 

an excerpt from John Taverner’s Village wedding. 

MARC 21 007 

The 007 for DVD-Audio is the same as for compact discs. The only difference is in byte 

04 (Configuration of sound channels). This should be recorded as “z” for “other” since 

there is no code for 5.1 channels. Add a second 007 for any significant video or other 

content. 

MARC 21 033 (Date/Time and Place of an Event) 

For DVD-Audio, the 033 field is optional. As with other formats, it gives the 

recording/broadcast date of the DVD-Audio in machine-readable format in subfield (a) 

and the geographic location of the recording session in subfields (b) and (c). 

Geographic codes are taken from the LC Classification schedule G. 

The 033 below is for a recording from January 2000 in Nicasio, California (Skywalker 

Ranch) 

033 00 $a 200001--$b 4364$c N53 

MARC 21 041 

Note that for sound recordings, spoken or sung text is coded in the 041 subfield (d); 

subfield (a) is only for written text in the music format. 

Dates 

A. Type of Date Code in Fixed Field 

For a new DVD-Audio (i.e. not a reissue) with only one date associated with it, the 

MARC 21 fixed field 008, byte 6 is coded “s” (single date). 

45

If the publication date differs from a known recording date or the publication differs from 

the phonogram date, byte 6 is coded “p” (distribution/production date). 

If the DVD-Audio is an exact reissue of an LP or CD, code the Date type as “r” 

(reprint/original). 

B. Dates in Field 260 

A DVD-Audio may have a single date (2001), a copyright date (c2001), a phonogram 

(sound recording copyright) date (p2001), a recording date, or any combination of 

these. Dates may be found on the label of the disc, or equally often on the back of the 

container, and a single date may perform as both a copyright and a phonogram date. 

A single date or phonogram date is recorded in the 260 as the publication date. 

260 $a Boston, Mass. : $b Rounder, $c 2002. 

260 $a Hamburg, Germany : $b Teldec, $c p2001. 

According to LCRI 6.4F1, copyright dates on DVD-Audio literally only refer to the 

graphic and textual material, not the audio portion, and therefore can be used only as 

an inferred date of publication. It may be used singly or in combination with a p date in 

the 260 and is recorded in square brackets. 

260 $a New York, N.Y. : $b Nonesuch, $c [2003] 

260 $a Hamburg : $b Teldec, $c [2001], p1999. 

Note: the “p” preceding the date should be written with the phonogram copyright date 

symbol if it is available. 

C. Dates in Notes 

Recording dates are given in the edition and history note (MARC 21 field 518). 

The date is repeated in coded form in field 033. 


A. Extent of Item 

There are two possible ways (plus one variation) to record the extent of item area 

according to Rule 6.5B1 of AACR2. 

46

Option 1 

The first is to use the traditional SMD for sound discs. 

300 $a 1 sound disc 

When using this option, a note field (500/538 – see p. 47, Section E) is 

necessary to describe the type of disc: 

500 $a DVD-audio. 

Option 2 

The second option is to use a term in common usage: 

300 $a 1 DVD-audio 

In either of these cases, also give the type of recording and the number of sound 

channels. DVD-Audio has 5.1 channels and usually can also be played in 

stereo. 

300 $a 1 DVD-audio : $b digital, 5.1 channels, stereo. ; $c 4 3/4 in. 

300 $a 1 sound disc : $b digital, 5.1 channels, stereo. ; $c 4 3/4 in. 

Option 3 

A variation of the second example has been developed by the Library of 

Congress. Here, the term “DVD” replaces the number of channels, the thought 

being that the term amply explains all the sound characteristics. 

300 $a 1 sound disc : $b digital, DVD ; $c 4 3/4 in. 

If using the 2 nd or 3 rd options, it is not necessary to add a note describing the type 

of disc, since that information is already present in the physical description. 

B. Time 

The time in subfield (a) of MARC 21 field 300 should be the duration of the musical 

work, and it is given only if there is a single work. Record the timing of multiple single 

tracks/works in MARC field 306 (for machine-readable times), in the contents note, or in 

a separate note. 

47

Notes Area 

A. Nature or Artistic Form and Medium of Performance 

Make the usual note about the type of work and medium of performance unless it is 

apparent from the rest of the description for the primary work. A description of the 

content of any accompanying material can be combined with this note or given 

separately. 

500 $a Renaissance music in honor of the Virgin Mary; accompanying music 

video is an excerpt from John Tavener’s Village wedding. 

500 $a Traditional and contemporary Cape Breton fiddle music and songs. 

500 $a Popular vocal and instrumental music of Cuba. 

B. Language 

Give the language of sung or spoken text on the DVD-Audio if not apparent from the 

rest of the bibliographic record. 

546 $a Sung in Latin and Russian; Monteverdi works originally set as Italian 

madrigals. Village wedding sung in English. 

546 $a Sung in Spanish. 

C. Statements of Responsibility 

Participant or Performer 

Record performer names and roles in a MARC 21 511 field, indicator 0. 

511 0 $a Chanticleer; Joseph Jennings, musical director. 

511 0 $a Natalie McMaster, fiddle and vocals with various other 

musicians. 

Creation/Production Credits 

Chapter 6 does not give guidelines for a creation or production credits note but 

include this information in MARC 21 field 508 if considered useful. Consult 

AACR2 rule 7.7B6 on credits from the Motion Pictures and Videorecordings 

chapter for guidance. 

508 $a Artistic administrator, Philip Wilder; screen 

design and animation, Gil Herear. 

48

D. Edition and History 

If the place and date of recording are stated on the item and considered to be important, 

give this information in a note in MARC 21 field 518. 

518 $a Recorded at Skywalker Ranch, Nicasio, CA, Jan. 2000. 

518 $a Recorded at Egrem Studios, Havana, Cuba, March 1996. 

Use field 033 (Date/Time and Place of an Event) to enter this information in 

coded form. 

If the disc is a reissue (not very common with DVD-Audio), record information about the 

original in a general note. 

E. Physical Description 

Type of Disc 

If using the traditional method (Section A, Option 1, p. 46) of describing a sound 

disc in the 300 field, a note is necessary to specify the type of disc. If either the 

term in common usage or the LC style of 300 is used, the note is not necessary. 

A note is necessary in all cases if you are cataloging an enhanced DVD-Audio. 

Sound recording cataloging specifies that this note goes in a 500 field, not a 538, 

though it could be argued both ways. 

500 $a DVD-audio disc. 

500 $a Enhanced DVD-audio disc. 

System Requirements 

This field is not specified in AACR Chapter 6 (Sound recordings), but its use has 

been given informal approval by the Library of Congress and other cataloging 

agencies. Use this field to give any additional technical information that might 

control the user’s choice of playback equipment, including equipment necessary 

for accessing computer features. Quote information stated on the resource if it is 

there. Otherwise, use AACR 7.7B10 for guidance. 

538 $a Can be played as Advanced-resolution surround, Advancedresolution 

stereo and DVD-compatible Dolby digital (AC-3); 

advanced resolution audio and visual content require DVD-audiocapable 

players. 

F. Accompanying Material 

Describe any accompanying material on the disc, such as videos, performer 

biographies, etc. Interactive menus, which are common in these formats, may be 

49

ignored, as can advertisements for products or previews of other titles, but you may also 

choose to describe these materials if you feel they are important. 

500 $a Accompanying videos include a history of Chanticleer and an excerpt 

from John Taverner’s Village wedding. 

500 $a Program notes by Nick Gold and Nigel Williamson, and song lyric 

transcriptions by Juan de Marcos González and Maria Rodríguez with 

English translations by Jenny Adlington and Francesca Clarke (47 p. : ill.) 

included. 

G. Summary 

If the DVD-Audio is a nonmusical sound recording, give a summary of the content 

unless another part of the description provides enough information. A summary should 

be brief and impartial. If using a summary from the container or from an outside source, 

enclose the summary in quotation marks and cite the source. 

H. Contents 

Use the contents note to list the following information if available and deemed 

necessary or useful -- individual tracks or works, the composers of those particular 

tracks or works, and performers specific to those tracks. Durations of each track are 

also recorded here. 

I. Publisher’s Numbers 

Publisher’s numbers are found either on the disc itself or on the container. Record the 

publisher number in the MARC 21 028 field with first indicator 0. If there are multiple 

publisher numbers, enter them in a single 028 field or enter them in multiple 028 fields. 

For specific instructions on coding the 028 field, see MARC21 Format for Bibliographic 

Data . Record the numbers and their source 

in a note. 

50

Physical Description Option 1 (Traditional SMD) 

000 01317njm 2200337Ma 4500 

007 sd fsngnnmmned 

008 051212s2005 caurcnn n eng d 

024 1 $a00075993864328 

028 02$a38643-2$bWarner Bros. 

110 2 $aSun (Musical group) 

245 10$aBlame it on the youth$h[sound recording] /$cthe Sun. 

260 $aBurbank, CA :$bWarner Bros.,$cp2005. 

300 $a1 sound disc :$bdigital ;$c4 3/4 in. 

500 $aDVD-audio. 

500 $a"Parental advisory, explicit content"--Container. 

500 $a"Do not attempt to play on a CD player"--Container. 

505 0 $aMust be you (3:20) -- Say goodbye (3:24) -- Justice (2:49) -- 

Romantic death (3:10) -- 2B4 (2:09) -- Lost at home (3:06) -- Waitin' 

on high (2:58) -- Rockstop (3:40) -- We tried (3:30) -- Pavement jive 

(3:37) -- These heights (3:20) -- Taking the Lord's name in vein 

(4:05) -- Lose your money (3:30) -- Valentine (4:03). 

51

Physical Description Option 2 (Common Usage Term) 

Disc Label 

Front Cover Back Cover of Insert 

Author & 

Title 

Publishers 

Soundtrack 

Publishers 

52 

Author 

DVD 

Audio 

Dolby 

Surround 

All 

Regions 

Title 

National 

Television 

Systems 

Committee 

aacPlus 

Symbol

Physical Description Option 2 (Common Usage Term) 

000 02035njm 22004214a 4500 

006 m h 

006 g--- va 

007 sd zqngnnmmned 

007 sd zsngnnmmned 

007 vd cvaizk 

008 061229s2005 qucppnn n zxx 

028 02$aZEN DVA100$bNinja Tune 

100 1 $aTobin, Amon. 

245 10$aChaos theory$h[sound recording] :$bthe 5.1 surround soundtrack 

to Tom Clancy's Splinter cell, chaos theory /$cAmon Tobin. 

260 $aMontreal :$bNinja Tune,$cp2005. 

300 $a1 DVD-audio :$bdigital, surround, stereo. ;$c4 3/4 in. 

500 $aInstrumental music: Amon Tobin with other musicians. 

500 $a"Written, produced, and arranged by Amon Tobin"--Booklet. 

500 $aOriginal sound track for the video game, Tom Clancy's Splinter 

cell: chaos theory, developed and published by Ubisoft in 2005. 

500 $aBonus features include the video for El cargo; the Splinter 

cell game trailer; an extra audio track, Stolen; and a biography of 

the composer. 

500 $aContains a DVD-ROM section with the album in Apple's Lossless 

format digital audio files playable on any Mac or PC with iTunes 

software, and on iPod players; and as accPlus files in both stereo and 

5.1 for computers, mobile phones, and portable players. 

500 $aComposer and performer resides in Canada. 

505 0 $aThe lighthouse -- Ruthless -- Theme from battery … 

538 $aHigh resolution 5.1 surround sound requires DVD-audio player; 

Dolby digital 5.1 surround and 2.0 stereo downmix, and all video 

content, are playable on all DVD-video players. 

53

Physical Description Option 3 (LC Usage) 

000 01633njm 2200433Ia 4500 

006 g--- vu 

006 m u 

007 sd zzngnn|||eu 

007 vd cvaizk 

007 co uga 

008 080111s2007 quczznn ei n zxx d 

024 1 $a771028078899 

028 02$aIMED 0788$bEmpreintes Digitales 

041 0 $geng$gfre 

100 1 $aHarrison, Jonty,$d1952- 

240 10$aSelections 

245 10$aEnvirons$h[sound recording] /$cJonty Harrison. 

260 $aMontrâeal, Quâebec :$bEmpreintes Digitales,$cp2007. 

300 $a1 sound disc :$bdigital, DVD ;$c4 3/4 in. 

500 $aElectroacoustic music. 

500 $aDVD audio and video: surround 5.1, stereo; DVD-ROM: documents. 

500 $aProgram notes in English and French (1 folded sheet) inserted 

in container. 

505 0 $aUndertow (2007) (12:19) -- ReCycle (1999-2006) (47:39) -- Rock 

'n' roll (2004) (11:43) -- Internal combustion (2005-06) (11:43) -- 

Free fall (2006) (7:54) -- Streams (1999) (16:12) -- Afterthoughts 

(2007) (15:59). 

54

V. Cataloging DVD-ROMs (Electronic Resources) 

By Francie Mrkich and Sue young Park-Primiano; 

updated by Julie Moore, Anchalee Panigabutra-Roberts, 

and Carolyn Walden 

This section addresses cataloging commercially available non-cartographic 

electronic resources issued on DVD-ROM format using Amendments 2001 and 2004 

to AACR2 and MARC 21 Format for Bibliographical Data. For the purpose of this 

document, DVD-ROM format is used, although it is possible that some resources may 

be issued on a recordable DVD format such as DVD-R, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, and 

DVD+RW. 

According to Chapter 9, AACR, some electronic resources may include “components 

with characteristics found in multiple classes of materials so there will frequently be a 

need to consult other chapters.” When this occurs, consult the additional chapters as 

well for descriptive cataloging instructions. Cataloging an electronic resource issued 

in a DVD-ROM format is similar to cataloging an electronic resource issued on CD- 

ROM. However, the 2001 and 2004 Amendments resulted in several significant 

changes to Chapter 9, Electronic Resources, formerly entitled “Computer Files.” 


A major change in Chapter 9 is the redefinition of the chief source of information. 

The chief source is now the DVD-ROM itself and its container and/or 

accompanying materials. 

Leader 06 (Type of Record) 

Determining the most significant aspect of the DVD-ROM's content is one of the first 

important decisions to be made in cataloging a DVD-ROM (or any electronic resource 

for that matter). That decision determines the code that is entered in the Type of Record 

(Leader 06). 

Notice that the Type of Record reflects the most significant aspect of the content, 

rather than the physical carrier. The physical carrier for the DVD-ROM is found in the 

physical description of the record. 

As an example, a textual finite resource will result in coding the Leader 06 (Type of 

Record) character position "a" for language material. If the content of the resource is 

a map, then Leader 06 (Type of Record) is to be coded "e" for cartographic material. 

If the content of the resource is a moving image, then Leader 06 (Type of Record) is 

to be coded "g" for projected medium. 

55

DVD-ROMs increasingly include more than one type of content. For example, there 

could be a moving image on the DVD-ROM and there could also be a game. It is up 

to the cataloger to decide which content is more significant. This is cataloger’s 

judgment. 

Leader 06 (Type of Record) coded "m" for "computer file" is reserved for the following 

types of electronic resources: 

• computer software (including programs, games, fonts) 

• numeric data 

• computer-oriented multimedia 

• online systems or services 

In case of doubt or if the most significant aspect of the DVD-ROM's content cannot 

be determined, then the Leader 06 (Type of Record) is coded "m" for computer file by 

default. 

Fixed-length Data Elements 

The 006 field is used to describe additional characteristics that cannot be coded in the 

008 field. 

The 007 field describes in coded form the physical characteristics of the electronic 

resource. 

The 008 field contains coding that describes the basic characteristics of the resource 

as a whole. However, the 008 field is non-repeatable. 

A. 006 Fixed-length Data Elements—Additional Material Characteristics 

(Optional; Repeatable) 

If the DVD-ROM is not coded “m” in Leader/06 (e.g., a DVD-ROM consisting primarily of 

text, images, maps, or video), the 006 field is used to record the coded computer file 

aspects of the item, i.e., the 006/00 (Form of Material) character position will be 

coded “m” for computer file. Code other values as appropriate. It is possible that 

there may be some redundancy between the 006/007/008. 

The coding for the 006 is explained in MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data 

as well as the OCLC 

Bibliographic Formats and Standards 

 

56

Example: 

006 m d f 

The only possible elements in this field are: 

00 Type = m (Computer files/Electronic resources) 

05 Audience (in this example, blank = unknown or unspecified) 

09 File (in this example, d=document) 

11 Government Publication (in this example, f=federal) 

B. 007 Fixed-length Data Elements -- Physical Characteristics 

(Electronic Resource) (Required; Repeatable) 

This field is used to identify the physical characteristics of the DVD-ROM in a coded 

form. The category of material should be coded “c” for computer file, with the specific 

material designation coded “o” for optical disc and dimension coded “g” for 4 3/4 in. Add 

the appropriate codes for color and sound. 

The coding for the 007 is explained in MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data 

 

as well as the OCLC Bibliographic Formats and Standards 

 

MARC OCLC Subfield Code 

007/00 $a category of material c=electronic resource 

007/01 $b specific material designation o=optical disc 

007/03 $d 

color 

b=black & white 

See MARC 21 for additional codes c=multicolored 

007/04 $e Dimensions 

g=4 ¾ in. 

z= other (use for 3 in. disc) 

007/05 $f sound a=sound 

C. 008 Fixed-length Data Elements 

(Required; Not Repeatable) 

(In mnemonic form, the Leader plus the 008 is represented as the “fixed field.”) 

If the DVD-ROM does not consist of programs or multimedia and the Leader/06 

character position is coded something other than “m,” be sure to code the 008/23 

(Form of item) character position “s” for “Electronic.” If the Leader/06 character 

position is coded “m” (for computer file), be sure to identify the Type of computer file 

from the choices provided in MARC 21 008/26. 

57

Title and Statement of Responsibility Area 

Transcribe the title proper and parallel title or other title information and statements of 

responsibility as found on the chief source of information. New with Amendments 2001 

is the redefined general material designation. Use “[electronic resource]” as the GMD. 

245 00 $a Encyclopedia Britannica 2007 deluxe $h [electronic resource]. 

245 14 $a The American Sign Language handshape dictionary DVD 

$h [electronic resource] / $c by James Monaco. 

245 00 $a 40 years of X-Men $h [electronic resource] / $c Marvel. 

Give any variations in title or other title information as appropriate. 

245 00 $a Home improvement 1-2-3. 

246 3 $a Home improvement 1 2 3 

246 3 $a Home improvement one-two-three 

246 3 $a Home improvement one two three 

245 00 $a PROSOMA. 

246 1 $i Title on discs: $a PROSOMA : $b bridging the gap 

245 00 $a Jane's air superiority collection. 

246 1 $i At head of container title: $a Jane's combat simulations 

Edition Area 

Transcribe an edition statement as it appears on a DVD-ROM. Ignore statements 

referring to minor changes (see AACR 9.2B4). Do not supply an edition statement that 

does not appear on the item unless there is clear evidence of substantive differences 

from other editions. Make sure that the edition statement applies to the item as a whole 

and not just to a part (for example, a statement appearing on documentation may apply 

only to the documentation, not to the electronic resource). 

250 $a Version 1.1 

250 $a Multimedia ed. 

Type and Extent of Resource Area 

With the adoption of the 2004 amendments, the Type and Extent of Resource Area 

has been deleted. This area is no longer applied for electronic resources although it 

may be given in a note. (See Notes Area, Section D, p. 59.) Prior to the 

recommendation for this deletion, terms such as “electronic data, electronic 

program(s), electronic data and program(s) were acceptable if readily and succinctly 

available. 

58

Publication, Distribution, etc. Area 

All commercially available electronic resources issued in DVD-ROM format are 

considered published. 

260 $a [New York] : $b Graphic Imaging Technology, Inc., $c 2005. 

260 $a Hollywood, CA : $b Gnomon Workshop ; $a [Culver City, Calif.] : $b 

Design Studio Press, $c [2005] 

For an electronic resource produced non-commercially on a DVD format, do not 

record a place of publication, distribution, etc. or name of publisher, distributor, etc. Do 

not record “[s.l.]” or “[s.n.]” respectively in such a case. 

260 $c 2001. 

According to AACR2 rule 9.4F4, if there is no publication, distribution, etc., date 

which applies to the item as a whole and the item has multiple copyright dates 

which apply to various aspects of the production (e.g., programming, sound, 

graphics, documentation), transcribe only the latest copyright date. Optionally, 

transcribe the other dates in a note or in a contents note. 


Use “computer optical disc” as the specific material designation; optionally, use 

conventional terminology as the SMD, e.g., DVD-ROM. Add other physical details if 

specified or known and give dimensions. Give information on accompanying material, 

if appropriate. Give differences in size if the item includes more than one physical 

carrier with the smaller and larger size separated by a hyphen. 

300 $a 1 computer optical disc : $b sd., col. ; $c 4 3/4 in. 

300 $a 1 DVD-ROM : $b sd., col. ; $c 4 3/4 in. + $e 1 installation guide. 

300 $a 2 DVD-ROMs ; $c 3-4 ¾ in. 

Comment: Item contains 3 in. and 4 ¾ in. optical discs. 

Series Area 

Transcribe series statements for material issued on DVD-ROM format in the same 

manner as for any other material. 

Notes Area 

Give the notes in prescribed order as listed below. Refer to AACR2, Chapter 9 

(Electronic Resources) for a complete list of notes. 

59

A. System Requirements 

Provide information on system requirements, if readily available. Begin the note 

with “System requirements:” 

538 $a System requirements: IBM-PC or compatible; 2 MB of free hard disk 

space; Windows XP or Windows 2000 ; SVGA color display capable of 

displaying 1024 by 768 pixels; DVD-ROM drive. 

B. Source of Title Proper 

Always give the source of the title proper. Consider the disc label to be any 

information that is affixed, printed or stamped on the disc surface. Give the source of 

the edition statement if it is different from the title proper. 

500 $a Title from title screen; ed. statement from disc label. 

500 $a Title from disc label. 

C. Edition and History 

Provide information relating to the edition or to the history of the resource. 

500 $a Previous eds. issued on CD-ROM. 

D. Type and Extent of Resource 

Provide information about the type and extent of the resource if it is considered to be 

important 

516 $a Electronic data (4 files : 600,100 records) 

516 $a Hierarchical file structure 

E. Publication, Distribution, etc. 

Provide additional notes on publication, distribution, etc., details if important and not 

included in the publication area. 

500 $a Distributed by BBC Worldwide Americas. 

F. Physical Description 

Give the physical description in a note if using ‘computer optical disc’ as the 

specific material designation in the physical description. 

60

538 $a DVD-ROM. 

538 $a PC DVD-ROM. 

If there are physical details not included in the physical description area, include these 

in a note. 

500 $a Stereo, sd. 

500 $a Disc does not work in DVD players. 

Comment: Use this note for a video on DVD-ROM that is packaged to look like a 

regular DVD 

G. Accompanying Material 

Include a note on accompanying materials not in the physical description 

area. 

500 $a Accompanied by supplementary manuals. 

H. Series 

Make any notes on series information that is not included in the series area. 

I. Dissertations 

Make a note as described in 1.7B13 if the DVD-ROM is a dissertation 

502 $a Thesis (Ph.D)—University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. 

Note 

Although AACR2 uses Ph.D. as illustrated above with no spaces, the example 

used in the LC Rule Interpretation does leave a space in the abbreviation 

(Ph. D.). Defer to local cataloging preference for formulating this abbreviation. 

J. Audience 

Include a note of the intended audience if it is stated on the item or accompanying 

material. This is particularly useful for educational interactive multimedia software. 

521 8 $a Middle school students. 

61

ESRB Rating: 

Similar to DVD-Videos, rating information should also be given when found on the 

items. In the United States, ESRB ratings are commonly found on interactive 

entertainment software. The Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB), a non-profit 

independent agency, is responsible for assigning computer and video game content 

ratings . 

From the back of container 

521 8 $a ESRB rating: E, Everyone 10+ (Alcohol and tobacco reference, crude 

humor, mild violence). 

From the back of container 

521 8 $a ESRB rated: T, teen (for suggestive themes, violence). 

K. Other Formats 

If the content has been issued in other formats, provide that information in a note. 

530 $a Issued also in print. 

L. Summary 

Always give a brief statement of the purpose and content of resource. 

520 $a Allows viewers to access signs and some video clips of more than 1,400 

words and 40 basic handshapes. 

520 $a A complete multimedia culinary arts education resource which includes 

250 high-quality videos to teach culinary techniques and principles. 

M. Contents 

List the contents of the resource. 

505 0 $a disc 1. Install -- disc 2. Entire U.S. 

505 0 $a [v. 1]. Northeast [installation/data] -- [v. 2]. Mid-Atlantic -- [v. 3]. 

South -- [v. 4]. Great Lakes -- [v. 5]. North Central -- [v. 6]. South Central -- 

[v. 7]. Pacific. 

62

DVD-ROM CATALOGING EXAMPLES 

The following examples illustrate cataloging DVD-ROMs that are coded either as type 

“m” computer file, type “a” text, or type “g” projected media. The examples also include 

several DVD-ROM computer games. For cartographic materials on DVD-ROM, one 

should refer to the “Guidelines for Distinguishing Cartographic Electronic Resources 

from other Electronic Resources” prepared by the Library of Congress Cataloging 

Policy and Support Office 

63

DVD-ROM Example 1 (Type m) 

000 01803nmm 2200349Ia 4500 

007 co cga|||||||| 

008 070403s2007 cau i eng d 

020 $a1593393121 

020 $a9781593393120 

024 1 $a798936834980 

245 00$aEncyclopaedia Britannica 2007 deluxe DVD$h[electronic 

resource]. 

246 3 $aEncyclopedia Britannica 2007 deluxe DVD 

260 $aSan Francisco, CA :$bSelectsoft Pub.,$cc2007. 

300 $a1 DVD-ROM :$bsd., col. ;$c4 3/4 in. 

538 $aSystem requirements for Windows: Pentium III or equivalent 

processor; 512 MB RAM; Microsoft Windows 2000 or XP; 1.7 GB free hard 

disk space (2.3 GB for full installation); monitor (1024 x 768 

resolution, 16-bit color); sound card and speakers; DVD-ROM drive. 

538 $aSystem requirements for Macintosh: PowerPC G5 or Intel Core 

Processor; 512 MB RAM; Mac OS 10.4x; 1.7GB free hard-disk space (2.3 

GB for full installation); monitor (1024 x 768 resolution, millions of 

colors); sound card and speakers; DVD-ROM drive. 

500 $aTitle from disc label. 

520 $aContains over 82,000 articles, World atlas, Merriam-Webster's 

dictionary & thesaurus, Britannica classics, the Britannica 

BrainStomer, Timelines, and the Year in review. Includes images and 

illustrations, videos and audio clips, interactive article and media 

tours, and provides access to online magazine articles and Web links. 

64

DVD-ROM Example 2 (Type a; Serial) 

000 01651nas 2200397 a 4500 

006 m d i 

007 co ug||||||||| 

008 070228c20059999lu uu pss s i0 0eng c 

022 $y1608-7097 

043 $ae------ 

130 0 $aEurostat electronic library (DVD-ROM) 

245 10$aEurostat electronic library$h[electronic resource]. 

260 $aLuxembourg :$bOffice for Official Publications of the European 

Communities,$cc2006- 

300 $aDVD-ROMs ;$c4 3/4 in. 

362 0 $a2005, publications archive 2- 

490 1 $aTheme--General and regional statistics 

490 1 $aPanorama of the European Union 

538 $aSystem requirements: Pentium PC or equivalent; Windows 9x or 

higher/NT/XP; Netscape or Explorer browser version 4.0 or higher; 

Internet connection (if Internet access is wanted); Adobe Reader; DVD- 

ROM drive. 


500 $aLatest issue consulted: 2006, publications archive 1. 

520 $aIncludes more than 1,400 Eurostat publications in PDF format 

featuring the latest indicators, news releases, nomenclatures and 

other publications. 

830 0$aTheme—General and regional statistics. 

830 0$aPanorama of the European Union. 

65

ESRB 

Rating 

Title 

DVD-ROM Example 3 (Game) 

Disc Label 

Entertainment Software Rating Board 

Copyright 

From the Front Cover of the Container 

This is played on a PC DVD-ROM drive. 

66 

Electronic Arts 

(Publisher)

DVD-ROM Example 3 (Game) 

000 01772cmm 2200373Ia 4500 

007 co cga|||||||| 

008 071214s2007 cau i eng d 

020 $a0784544891 

020 $a9780784544891 

245 00$aSimCity societies$h[electronic resource]. 

246 3 $aSim City societies 

260 $aRedwood City, CA :$bElectronic Arts Inc.,$cc2007. 

300 $a1 DVD-ROM :$bsd., col. ;$c4 3/4 in. +$e1booklet (28 p. : ill. 

; 18 cm) 

538 $aPC DVD-ROM. 

538 $aSystem requirements: Windows XP SP2 or Vista Processor; 1.7 

GHz Intel CPU or faster, or AMD XP 2100+ or faster; 512 MB RAM; hard 

drive: at least 2.1 GB free space; 128 MB video card; 4 speed DVD 

drive; DirectX 9.0c compatible sound card; DirectX version 9.0c 

(included on disc); keyboard, mouse. Windows Vista requires a 2.4 GHz 

processor or equivalent and 1 GB RAM. 


500 $a1 player. 

521 8 $aESRB rating: E, Everyone 10+ (Alcohol and tobacco reference, 

crude humor, mild violence). 

520 $a"Build artistic societies or police states, industrial 

wastelands or spiritual enclaves, romantic hamlets or cyberpunk 

complexes. The power to build your utopia or your inferno is in your 

hands."--Container. 

67

DVD-ROM Example 4 (Type g) 

000 02232cgm 2200457Ia 4500 

006 m g g 

007 co cga|||||||| 

007 vu czazzu 

008 050921s2005 cau150 s vceng d 

020 $a1597629669 

020 $a9781597629669 

024 1 $a805366013738 

245 00$aCreature and environment rendering$h[electronic resource] 

/$c[produced by] Design Studio Press, the Gnomon Workshop. 

260 $aHollywood, CA :$bGnomon Workshop ;$a[Culver City, Calif.] 

:$bDesign Studio Press,$c[2005] 

300 $a1 DVD-ROM (ca. 150 min.) :$bsd., col. ;$c4 3/4 in. 

490 1 $aDigital rendering and techniques with Nick Pugh 

538 $aSystem requirements: 1 GHz or faster processor; 512 MB or 

greater RAM; 64 MB or greater video RAM; 5 GB or greater hard disk 

space; Windows XP Professional or 2000 or Apple Mac OS x 10.2 

(minimum); QuickTime Movie and Acrobat Reader; 1280 x 1024 or greater 

display; DVD-ROM drive. 

500 $aDisc does not work in DVD players. 

500 $aTitle from the title screen. 

511 0 $aInstructor, Nick Pugh. 

520 $aDemonstrates digital techniques in Adobe Photoshop for 

rendering a creature in an environment that was previously created in 

the Originality in Design DVD … 

500 $aIncludes lecture notes, resources, and sample files. 

505 0 $aImporting the image -- Setting up the picture -- Creating 

layers using channels -- Creating depth -- Detail refinement -- 

Preserving the original design language -- Reflections in water. 

830 0$aDigital rendering and techniques with Nick Pugh. 

68

VI. Resources 

Books 

Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules. 2 nd ed., 2002 revision, 2005 update. Chicago : 

American Library Association, 2005. 

Fritz, Deborah A. Cataloging With AACR2 and MARC 21 : For Books, Electronic 

Resources, Sound Recordings, Videorecordings, and Serials. Chicago : ALA Editions, 

2007. 

Hsieh-Yee, Ingrid. Organizing Audiovisual and Electronic Resources for Access: a 

Cataloging Guide. 2 nd ed. Westport, Conn. : Libraries Unlimited, 2006. 

Maxwell, Robert L. Maxwell’s Handbook for AACR2: Explaining and Illustrating the 

Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules through the 2003 Update. 4 th ed. Chicago : 

American Library Association, 2004. 

Taylor, Jim. DVD Demystified. 3 rd ed. New York : McGraw-Hill, 2006. 

Articles 

“Blu-ray Wins the Format Battle, but Consumers Don't Buy It.” Business Wire. New 

York: May 14, 2008. 

“Despite the Ramp of Blu-ray Drives, DVD Burners Will Continue to Be the Leading 

Volume Product Until 2012, According to IDC.” Business Wire. New York: May 14, 

2008. 

Fischetti, Mark. “Blu-ray vs. HD DVD.” Scientific American, Aug 2007, Vol. 297 Issue 2, 

p. 98-99. 

Lowry, Tom, Grover, Ronald, Edwards, Cliff. “Blu-ray Isn’t Getting Much Traction; Sony 

Won the Battle to be the Standard for HD-DVD. Can It Persuade Strapped 

Consumers to Buy In?” Business Week. New York: May 19, 2008. p. 50. 

Schweber, Bill. “Why Blu-ray Won the Battle.” Electronic Engineering Times. 

Manhasset: Mar 24, 2008, p. 35. 

69

Tarr, Greg. “Blu-ray’s Work is Still Ahead, Say Analysts” (cover story) 

TWICE: This Week in Consumer Electronics, Feb. 25, 2008, Vol. 23 Issue 5, p. 1-8. 

Tarr, Greg. “HD DVD's End Is Fresh Start for Blu-ray” (cover story) TWICE: This Week 

in Consumer Electronics, Feb. 25, 2008, Vol. 23 Issue 5, p. 1-12. 

“Technology Live”. USA Today, May 27, 2008. 

Online 

Adobe Digital Video Group. A DVD Primer: From DV to DVD: Enriching the Experience 

of High-quality Video. 

http://www.adobe.com/designcenter/encore/articles/enc1dvdprimer_w_ue/enc1_dvdpri 

mer_w_ue.pdf 

Blu-ray Disc Association. About Blu-ray. 

http://www.blu-raydisc.com/en/about/BenefitsfortheIndustry/discs.html 

Blu-ray Disc Association. Blu-ray Disc US site. May 2008. 

http://www.blu-raydisc.com/bluray_site.htm 

DualDisc.com. DualDisc Arrives in Stores as Record Labels Roll Out First Wave of 

Titles. http://dualdisc.com/press.html 

DVD Forum. April 2008. http://www.dvdforum.org/forum.shtml 

DVD Forum. HD DVD Technology. November 2005 

http://www.dvdforum.org/hddvd-tech.htm 

DVD-R: definitions. 

• DVD Forum. DVD Primer FAQ. “DVD formats.” May 2008. 

http://www.dvdforum.org/faq-dvdprimer.htm#6 

• ProAction Media. Online Glossary of CD/DVD Terms. May 2008. 

http://www.proactionmedia.com/cd_dvd_glossary.htm#d 

• Taylor, Jim. DVD Demystified: Home of the DVD FAQ. May 2008. 

http://www.dvddemystified.com/dvdfaq.html#4.3.2 

DVD Reproduction: Frequently Asked Questions 

http://www.copy-cd.biz/info/dvd-reproduction-faq.jsp#dvd9 

DVD Tutorial: What You Need to Know About DVD’s Physical and Application Formats. 

http://www.timefordvd.com/tutorial/pf/DVDTutorial.shtml 

EMediaLive.com. Maxell Showcases Holographic Storage, Blu-ray, and HD DVD 

Technologies at Broadcasters Convention October 24-25, 2006. 

http://emedialive.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=11977 

70

Everything You Wanted to Know About DualDisc. http://dualdisc.com/faq-content.html 

High Fidelity Review DVD-Audio News Story. DualDisc - Major Record Labels 

Launch Hybrid CD/DVD Format. 

http://www.highfidelityreview.com/news/news.asp?newsnumber=19510882 

Holography System Development Forum. April 2008. http://hvd-forum.org/ 

High-tech Productions. PAL, NTSC and SECAM Comparison 

http://www.high-techproductions.com/pal,ntsc.htm 

Library of Congress. New Sound Recording Formats—Library of Congress 

Practice. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/soundrec.pdf 

Library of Congress. Network Development and MARC Standards Office. 

Guidelines for Coding Electronic Resources in Leader/06. Revised December 2007. 

http://www.loc.gov/marc/ldr06guide.html#ldr06-values 

Library of Congress. Network Development and MARC Standards Office. MARC 21 

Format for Bibliographic Data. Revised October 2007. 

http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/ 

New launches.com. Maxell launches Holographic storage, 1.6 TB at 120 bps 

http://www.newlaunches.com/archives/maxell_launches_holographic_storage_16_tb_at 

_120_mbps.php 

OLAC Cataloging Policy Committee Summary/Abstracts Task Force. Summary Notes for 

Catalog Records. August 2002. http://www.olacinc.org/capc/summnotes.html 

OLAC CAPC Video Language Coding Best Practices Task Force. Draft Recommendations. 

October 2007. http://www.olacinc.org/capc/langcodedraft1.html 

Selected Web Resources for Organizing Audiovisual & Electronic Resources. 

Jan 2006. http://slis.cua.edu/ihy/aver.htm 

Taylor, Jim. DVD Demystified: Home of the DVD FAQ. May 2008. 

http://www.dvddemystified.com/dvdfaq.html 

Toshiba. Toshiba Announces Discontinuation of HD DVD Businesses. Press 

Releases. 19 February, 2008. 

http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2008_02/pr1903.htm 

Understanding DVD-Audio: A Sonic White Paper. 

http://patches.sonic.com/pdf/white-papers/wp_dvd_audio.pdf 

71

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