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<strong>DICCIONARIO</strong> <strong>ESPAÑOL</strong> <strong>–</strong> <strong>INGLÉS</strong><br />
<strong>TERMINOS</strong> <strong>GEÓLOGICOS</strong> Y <strong>MINEROS</strong>
Financial and program support provided by ExxonMobil Corporation,<br />
The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,the Universidad de la Sierra,<br />
Moctezuma, Mexico and Consortium for North American Higher Education<br />
Collaboration (CONAHEC)
A-1<br />
A<br />
aalenense adj Aalenian | nm Aalenian<br />
aaleniano,-na adj Aalenian<br />
aaleniense adj Aalenian<br />
aaltar nm regolith found in western Flanders<br />
aas nm a type of sand dune<br />
ábaco nm a. trough (artesa) in which gold placers<br />
are washed | washtrough, buddle | graph,<br />
chart, nomogram<br />
abajadero nm slope, downgrade<br />
abajador nm [Sp, Méx] tool carrier in (a mine)<br />
abajamiento nm subsidence<br />
abajar vtr to lower, let down | to fall, descend<br />
abajo adv down, below, under<br />
abajor nm depression<br />
abaluartado,-da adj rock mass in the form of a<br />
bulwark (baluarte)<br />
abancalado,-da adj terraced<br />
abandonado,-da adj abandoned, as in mina<br />
abandonada which should be distinguished from<br />
una mina agotada which has been abandoned<br />
specifically due to depletion<br />
abandonamiento nm abandonment<br />
abandonar vtr to abandon | to leave, as in los<br />
mineros abandonaron la mina 'the miners left the<br />
mine' | a. un sondeo to abandon a. well<br />
abanico nm fan | fan shaped workings or stopes<br />
| a. aluvial alluvial fan | a. de deyección talus<br />
fan, debris cone<br />
abarrancar vtr to excavate | to form gullies<br />
abarranco,-ca adj excavated<br />
abastar vtr to furnish, supply<br />
abastecimiento nm supply | a. de agua water<br />
supply<br />
abasto nm output of a mine or mill |<br />
provisioning, supplying | abundance, great<br />
amount | a. de agua water supply<br />
abataje nm breaking ground<br />
abatón nm inaccessible location<br />
aberración nf aberration<br />
aberrante nm aberrant<br />
abertal adj cracked, generally by drought<br />
abertura nf opening, fissure | aperture | the<br />
reopening of a vein | driving of levels or<br />
drifting in a mine | gap or pass between<br />
mountains | cove, small bay | a. de galería<br />
driving, tunneling | a. volcánica vent<br />
abetunado,-da adj very brown<br />
abichita nf [Ch] clinoclase<br />
abierto,-ta adj open | flat, level (terrain)<br />
abigarrado,-da adj multi-colored, variegated |<br />
mottled<br />
abioglifo nm abioglyph<br />
abiótico,-ca adj abiotic<br />
abisal adj abyssal<br />
abísico,-ca adj abyssal<br />
abismal adj abyssal<br />
abismo nm abyss | deep | steep face<br />
abisolbéntico,-ca adj abyssal-benthic<br />
abisolito nm batholith<br />
abisolítico,-ca adj abyssolitic<br />
abisopelágico,-ca adj abyssal-pelagic<br />
ablación nf erosion | ablation<br />
ablatógrafo nm ablatograph<br />
abocardado,-da adj bell or funnel shaped<br />
abocarder vtr to widen the opening of or to<br />
something<br />
abocardo nm drill<br />
abocelado,-da adj torus-shaped<br />
abocinado,-da adj trumpet shaped, splayed<br />
abocinamiento nm widening<br />
abocinar vtr to widen an opening<br />
abombado,-da adj convex | swollen<br />
abombamiento nm dome | anteclise<br />
aborregado,-da adj glaciated | striated by the<br />
action of glaciers<br />
aborto de oro nm [Pe] nuggets of gold found in<br />
potholes (hucucas)<br />
abovado,-da adj arched, vaulted<br />
abra nf reopening of a vein | fissure or cleft in<br />
sand | gorge, break or fissure in a mountain |<br />
clearing, opening, gap | cove | [surv] clearing<br />
for line of sight<br />
abrasilado,-da adj deep red<br />
abrasión nf erosion by water and wind |<br />
abrasion | scour<br />
abrasivo,-ca adj abradant, abrasive<br />
abrazar vtr to enclose | to fabricate some kind of<br />
structure to prevent caving and spalling of the<br />
roof of a mine<br />
abrevadero nm flooded mine | [Col] a water<br />
filled excavation used to work placers<br />
abridura nf [Méx] enlargement (of a gallery)<br />
abrigo nm the width of a vein | inhabited cave |<br />
a. del carbón [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] argillaceous<br />
rock forming the footwall and hanging wall to<br />
coal seams<br />
abrillantar vtr to cut (diamonds or other<br />
gemstones)<br />
abrimiento nm opening<br />
abrir vtr to drive or open up a working | a. el<br />
terreno to bore | a. una galería to drift | a. un
A-2<br />
pozo to sink a shaft or well | a. un surco to dig a<br />
trench | a. un tunel to tunnel<br />
abrirse vpr to open up, widen (as for a vein)<br />
abrojos nmpl reef, hidden rocks<br />
abronzado nm tetrahedrite | [Méx] chalcopyrite<br />
and other copper ores<br />
abrupto,-ta adj terraced, scarp like | steep, sheer,<br />
abrupt | rugged, craggy<br />
absaroquita nf absarokite<br />
abscisa nf abscissa<br />
absorbencia nf absorption, absorbency,<br />
absorptivity<br />
absorbente nm absorbent, absorptive<br />
absorber vtr to absorb<br />
absorbible adj absorbable<br />
absorción nf absorption | a. atmosférica<br />
atmospheric absorption | a. del suelo ground<br />
absorption<br />
absorsor nm absorber<br />
absorto,-ta adj absorbed<br />
abstracción nf abstraction<br />
abultar vtr to bulk, swell<br />
abundamiento nm abundance<br />
abundancia nf abundance<br />
abundante adj abundant<br />
abundar vtr to be plentiful, abound | to be rich<br />
in<br />
abundoso,-sa adj abundant<br />
abysal adj abyssal<br />
abysico,-ca adj abyssal<br />
acabalgamiento nm thrust, overthrust<br />
acadiano,-na adj Acadian | nm Acadian<br />
acádico,-ca adj Acadian<br />
acadiense m Acadian<br />
acamado,-da adj horizontal<br />
acampanado,-da adj bell shaped<br />
acampanar vtr to flare, splay | [Col] to clean a<br />
placer down to paydirt<br />
acampar vtr to camp | to build a camp<br />
acanalado,-da adj grooved | ribbed | fluted |<br />
corrugated, troughed<br />
acanaladura nf groove, channel<br />
acanalamiento nm grooving<br />
acanelado nm [Zacatecas, Méx] finely<br />
disseminated black, brown and yellow<br />
sphalerite mixed with argentite and<br />
pyrargyrite-proustite<br />
acantilado,-da adj steep, sheer, precipitous | nm<br />
cliff, steep slope<br />
acantita nf acanthite<br />
acaobado,-da adj mahogany colored<br />
acaparrosado,-da adj copper colored<br />
acardenillado,-da adj stained by copper<br />
carbonate<br />
acarmelado,-da adj caramel colored<br />
acarmirado,-da adj carmine, crimson<br />
acarreadizo,-za adj portable | shifting (sand)<br />
acarreo nm tranported material of any kind |<br />
transport of ore, supplies, etc. | alluvium |<br />
float, drift | supply | a. acuífero conglomerate |<br />
a. fluvial silt, alluvium | river drift | a.<br />
fluvioglacial fluvioglacial drift | a. hidráulico<br />
sluicing, hydraulicking | a. morrénico moraine |<br />
de a. placer<br />
acarreos nmpl material carried by a stream, bed<br />
load | drift | float | a. de glaciar glacial drift |<br />
a. del escurrimiento silt runoff<br />
acavernar vtr to take the form of a cavern<br />
acceso nm entrance<br />
accesorio,-ria adj accessory<br />
accidentado,-da adj rough, uneven, hilly, broken<br />
accidental adj accidental | accessory<br />
accidente nm roughness, uneveness (terrain) |<br />
any topographic feature which disrupts the<br />
regular form of a terrain | a. del terreno hills and<br />
valley | a. longitudinal parallelism of vertical<br />
folds | a. topográfico hills and valleys<br />
acción nf share in a. mine, venture, company or<br />
property | capital stock of a. company | a.<br />
eólica aeoliation<br />
aceite nm any oil of vegetable or mineral origin<br />
aceitero,-ra adj of oil, oil<br />
aceitón nm thick oil | dregs, oily sediment<br />
aceitoso,-sa adj oily<br />
aceleración nf acceleration | a. de gravedad<br />
gravitational acceleration<br />
acelerador nm accelerogram | a. de reacción<br />
catalyst<br />
acelerógrafo nm accelerograph<br />
acelerograma nm accelerogram<br />
acelerómetro nm accelerometer<br />
acendrada nf [Pe] white marl used as a<br />
refractory<br />
acendramiento nm metal refinery<br />
acendrar vtr to refine metal<br />
acequia nf flume | [Pe] brook<br />
acerado nm [Arg] silver sulfide-bearing pyrite<br />
ore | [Peras, Méx] massive gold-bearing pyrite<br />
in milky quartz | [Guadalcázar, Méx]<br />
guadalcazarite | [Méx] stephanite, cerargyrite<br />
or any other steel grey silver mineral | [Potosí,<br />
Bol] jamesonite | a. blanco [Potosí, Bol] white<br />
jamesonite | a. lejizo [Potosí, Bol] slaty
A-3<br />
jamesonite | a. zebroso [Potosí, Bol] fibrous<br />
jamesonite<br />
acerado,-da adj steely, color of steel, steel grey<br />
acerar vtr to chill, harden<br />
acerdesa nf wad or bog manganese<br />
acería nf steel works or mill<br />
acerillo nm [Pe] small, granular crystals of<br />
galena (considered to be rich in silver)<br />
acero nm steel<br />
acetato nm acetate<br />
acético,-ca adj acetic<br />
acicular adj acicular<br />
aciculita nf aikinite<br />
acidez adj acidness | nf acidity<br />
acidificación nf acidification<br />
acidificar vtr to acidify | to acidize | vpr to<br />
acidify<br />
acidímetro nm acidmeter<br />
ácido,-da adj acidic | nm acid | á acético acetic<br />
acid | á bórico boric acid | á carbólico carbolic<br />
acid | á clorhídrico hydrochloric acid | á fénico<br />
carbolic acid | á hidroclórico hydrochloric acid |<br />
á hidriódico hydroiodic acid | á lodoso [pet]<br />
sludge acid | á muriatico hydrochloric acid | á<br />
nítrico nitric acid | á nitrohidroclórico nitric acid<br />
| á nitromuriático nitric acid | á sulfúrico sulfuric<br />
acid<br />
acídula nf mineral water rich in carbonic acid<br />
acidular vtr to acidulate | to acidize<br />
aciete nm oil | a. bruto crude oil | oil in bulk | a.<br />
combustible fuel oil | a. crudo crude oil | a. de<br />
alquitrán tar oil | a. de alumbrado kerosene | a.<br />
de azufre sulfuric acid | a. de carbón coal oil,<br />
kerosene | a. de esquisto shale oil | a. de horno<br />
fuel oil | a. de lámpara [Méx] kerosene | a. de<br />
taladrar drilling oil | a. de vitriolo sufuric acid |<br />
a. lampante [Sp] kerosene | a. mineral petroleum<br />
acije nm vitriol, metal sulfate | a. amarillo<br />
copiapite | a. blanco goslarite | a. de hierro iron<br />
vitriol<br />
acis nm volcanic vent | diapiric fold<br />
aclínico,-ca adj aclinic<br />
aclividad nf acclivity<br />
acimut nm azimuth<br />
acimutal adj azimuthal<br />
acobrado,-da adj copper colored<br />
acocadera nf stone cutter's chisel<br />
acodalamiento nm shoring, trench bracing<br />
acodalar vtr to shore, brace<br />
acodamiento nm break | shoring, trench bracing<br />
acodar vtr to shore, brace | [surv] to offset<br />
acometer vtr to branch<br />
acomodana nf [Pe] ore deposit<br />
aconcharse vpr [Ch] to deposit sediment<br />
acóndrito nm achondrite<br />
acontita nf [Ch] mixture of pyrite and<br />
arsenopyrite<br />
acopado,-da adj hollowed out, cupped, cupshaped<br />
acopio nm waste heap, tailings dump<br />
acordamiento nm concordance of strata<br />
acordancia nf conformity, concordance<br />
acordanza nf artificial concordance caused by<br />
tectonic movements<br />
acostado,-da adj recumbent<br />
acostar vtr to take a vertical dip<br />
acostarse vpr to change dip or direction<br />
acotación nf boundary marker or monument |<br />
elevation marked on a map or plan | [Cu]<br />
elevation<br />
acotamiento nm setting of boundary markers<br />
acotar vtr to delimit, mark the boundaries of | to<br />
mark elevations | [surv] to mark out, set<br />
monuments<br />
acotilla nm sledge hammer<br />
acrecencia nf accretion<br />
acrecimiento nm accretion<br />
acreción nf accretion<br />
acrepíe nm acre-foot<br />
acribar vtr to sift, sieve, screen<br />
acrisolar vtr to refine, assay or purify metals in a<br />
crucible (crisol)<br />
acrisolado,-da adj refined, purified in a crucible<br />
acrobatolítico,-ca adj acrobatholitic<br />
acroíta nf achroite<br />
acromático,-ca adj achromatic<br />
actínico,-ca adj actinic<br />
actinio nm actinium<br />
actinota nf actinolite<br />
actínoto nm actinolite<br />
activado,-da adj activated<br />
actividad nf [chem] activity<br />
Actual nm Holocene<br />
acuático,-ca adj aquatic<br />
ácueo,-ea adj aqueous<br />
ácueoglacial adj glacioaqueous<br />
ácueo-ígneo,-nea adj hydroplutonic<br />
acuicierre nm aquiclude<br />
acuiclusa nf aquaclude<br />
acuico,-ca adj aquic<br />
acuífera nf aquifer<br />
acuífero,-ra adj water-bearing, aquiferous | a.<br />
artesiano artesian aquifer<br />
acuifuga nf aquifuge
A-4<br />
acuitardo nm aquitard<br />
acumbrado,-da adj in the form of a pinnacle<br />
acuminado,-da adj conical<br />
acumulación nf deposition | accumulation |<br />
accretion<br />
acumulador de mineral nm large ore deposit<br />
acumular vtr to aggrade<br />
acumulativo,-va adj cumulative<br />
acuñamiento nm truncation of strata or deposits<br />
by erosion | thinning out of a vein<br />
acuñarse vpr to truncate<br />
acuoso,-sa adj of or pertaining to water, aquose<br />
| aqueous, watery<br />
acuosoluble adj water soluble<br />
acústico,-ca adj acoustic<br />
acutángulo,-la adj acute angled<br />
achatado,-da adj oblate<br />
achatamiento nm levelling by erosion<br />
achatar vtr to level by erosion<br />
achicamiento nm draining of a mine<br />
achicar vtr to dewater a mine or working<br />
achiflonado,-da adj [Ch] sloping<br />
achique nm dewatering<br />
achúa nf [Ch] small, earthenware pan used for<br />
making tests during the patio process of<br />
amalgamating silver ores<br />
achura nf [Bol] rich ore<br />
adamantino,-na adj adamantine<br />
adamelita nf adamellite<br />
adamina nf adamite<br />
adarme nm half a dram or 1/16 of a Spanish<br />
ounce<br />
adelantado,-da adj advanced<br />
adelantar vtr to advance<br />
adelgazamiento nm the thinning out of a bed or<br />
vein | a. que termina en cuña wedging out<br />
adelgazar vtr to thin out as for veins, beds, etc. |<br />
[Col] to separate gold and concentrates (jaguas)<br />
from gravel in order to facilitate final washing<br />
adema nm [min] shore, prop<br />
ademado nm [min] timbering, bracing, shoring |<br />
[Méx] well casing | a. de cajón cribwork<br />
ademador nm timberman, shorer<br />
ademadora nf ax used in mine timbering<br />
ademar vtr to shore, timber (a mine)<br />
ademe nm shore, strut | a. de prestado temporary<br />
timbering<br />
ademantino,-na adj diamond-like, adamantine<br />
adentro adv inside | mar a. offshore | terra a.<br />
inland<br />
adherido,-da adj adherant | attached | no a.<br />
unattached<br />
adiabático,-ca adj adiabatic<br />
adiamantado,-da adj diamond-like, adamantine<br />
adición nf apposition | addition<br />
adicional nm admixture<br />
adicionante nm admixture<br />
adinola nf desmosite<br />
adipita nf chabazite<br />
adobe nm clayey, loess-like soil that is plastic<br />
when wet but hard when dried and thus<br />
suitable for brickmaking<br />
adobera nf brickyard or brick works<br />
adoguina nf desert pavement<br />
adorbería nf brickyard<br />
adsorber vtr to adsorb<br />
adsorción nf adsorbtion<br />
adularitización nf adularitization<br />
adventicio,-cia adj adventitious<br />
adyacente adj adjacent, contiguous<br />
aegerina nf acmite<br />
aegirina nf acmite<br />
aerífero,-ra adj copper-bearing<br />
aeróbico,-ca adj aerobic<br />
aerolito nm aerolite, stony meteorite<br />
aerofotografía nf aerial photography<br />
aerofotográfico,-ca adj aerial photographic<br />
aerofotogrametría nf aerial photogrammetry<br />
aerofotogramétrico,-ca adj aerial<br />
photogrammetric<br />
aerofototopografía nf topography by aerial<br />
photography<br />
aeromagnético,-ca adj aeromagnetic<br />
aeromagnetría nf aeromagnetics<br />
aeropoligonación nf aerial traversing<br />
aerotopógrafo nm aerotopograph<br />
aerotriangulación nf aerotriangulation<br />
aerovía de cable nf aerial tramway<br />
afallamiento nm [Méx] faulting<br />
afanesa nf aphanite, clinoclase<br />
afanita nf amphibolite | aphanite<br />
afanítico,-ca adj aphanitic<br />
afídico,-ca adj aphyric<br />
afín adj adjacent | similar | affine<br />
afinación nf refining | a. por cristalización<br />
Pattison process for separating silver from lead<br />
afinado nm refining<br />
afinadura nf refining<br />
afinamiento nm refining<br />
afinar vtr to refine metals<br />
afino nm refining | refinery<br />
aflojadero nm [Méx] the soft part of a vein<br />
aflojar vtr to loosen, slacken | to remove ore<br />
trapped in an ore chute | a. el canalón [Col] to
A-5<br />
pan or wash material accumulated in a ground<br />
sluice (canalón)<br />
afloramiento nm outcrop | exposure<br />
aflorar en vintr to outcrop or crop out | to<br />
spring (groundwater) | vtr to sift or sieve<br />
afluencia nf runoff, inflow<br />
afluente adj inflowing, affluent, tributary | nf<br />
tributary<br />
afluir vintr to flow in | to be a tributary | to<br />
open, lead<br />
aflujo nm inflow, runoff, afflux<br />
aforamiento nm valuation, appraisal | guaging,<br />
measuring<br />
aforar vtr to guage, measure capacity or tonnage<br />
| to measure or guage a flow of water | to<br />
appriase<br />
aforo nm guaging, measuring, measurement |<br />
appraisal, assessment, valuation | flow of a<br />
river | capacity<br />
afótico,-ca adj aphotic<br />
afrechera nf [Pe] a finely divided amalgam<br />
which results from the use of insufficient<br />
mercury<br />
afrentar un hilo vtr [Col] to make a<br />
perpendicular cut accross a vein to determine<br />
its thickness, dip and strike<br />
afrolítico,-ca adj aphrolitic<br />
afrontonar vtr to muck (ore)<br />
Aftonense nm Aftonian, Günz-Mindel<br />
interglacial<br />
aga nf red marl<br />
agalísico nm plutonic rocks<br />
ágata nf agate | a. en cinta ribboned agate<br />
agente nm agent | a. catalítico catalyst | a. de<br />
tierras land man | a. mineralizador mineralizing<br />
agent | a. mineralizante minerlizing agent | a.<br />
químico reagent | a. reductor reducing agent<br />
aglomeración nf agglomeration<br />
aglomerado nm agglomerate, conglomerate | a.<br />
volcánico agglutinate<br />
aglomerante nm matrix<br />
aglomerar vtr to agglomerate<br />
aglutinante nm cement<br />
aglutinar vtr to agglutinate, cement | to<br />
aggregate<br />
aglutinización nf agglutinization<br />
agmatítico,-ca adj agmatitic<br />
agojía nf a channel cut to remove water from a<br />
mine<br />
agolpamiento nm impounding<br />
agónico,-ca adj agonic | nf agonic line<br />
agotado,-da adj depleted, exhausted | pinched<br />
or thinned out<br />
agotamiento nm depletion | drainage<br />
agotar vtr to exhaust, deplete | to thin or pinch<br />
out | to drain, dewater<br />
agotarse vpr to pinch or thin out<br />
agradación nf aggradation<br />
agradar vtr to aggrade<br />
agregación nf aggregation<br />
agregado,-da adj aggregated | nm aggregate |<br />
admixture | soil | a. coloidal admixture | a.<br />
cristalino crystal law group | a. escalonado<br />
graded aggregate | a. graduado graded<br />
aggregate | a. grueso coarse aggregate | a.<br />
paralelo crystal group | a. tal como sale run-ofmine<br />
aggregate<br />
agrietadura nf crack or fissure<br />
agrietamiento nm fissuring, fracturing<br />
agrimensor nm surveyor | a. de minas mine<br />
surveyor<br />
agrimensura nf surveying<br />
agrio,-ia adj acid or sour | brittle (ores) | rough<br />
(terrain)<br />
agrisado,-da adj greyish, grey<br />
agrupamiento nm group | a. cristalino crystal<br />
law group<br />
agua nf water | luster of diamonds and other<br />
precious stones | a. abajo downstream | a.<br />
acídula mineral water rich in carbonic acid | a.<br />
arriba upstream | a. artesiana artesian water | a.<br />
avaiable available moisture | a. blanda soft water<br />
| a. calcárea hard water | a. capilar capillary<br />
water | a. carbonatada carbonated water | a.<br />
congénita connate water | a. connata connate<br />
water | a. cruda hard water | a. de achique<br />
drained mine water | a. de cal lime water | a.<br />
de cantera quarry water | a. de cohesión cohesive<br />
water | a. de consolidación water of compaction<br />
| a. de constitución water of constitution | a. de<br />
cristalización crystallization water | a. de<br />
descarga waste water | a. de expulsión<br />
compaction water | a. de fondo ground water |<br />
bottom water (in a well) | a. de formación<br />
connate water | a. de gravedad meteoric water |<br />
a. de grieta fissure water | a. de hidratación water<br />
of hydration | a. de imbibición absorption water<br />
| a. de infiltración percolation water | a. de lluvia<br />
or llovediza rain water | a. de madre water from<br />
which minerals have precipitated, mother<br />
liquor | a. de manantial spring water | a. de mar<br />
seawater | a. de mina mine water | a. de noria<br />
[Méx] well water | a. de percolación percolation
A-6<br />
water | a. de pie spring water | a. de retención<br />
pore water | a. de saturación saturation water |<br />
a. de sobresaturación dilation water | a. de<br />
tratamiento process water | a. del suelo soil water<br />
| a. delgada soft water | a. dormida stagnant<br />
water | a. dulce soft or fresh water | a. dura<br />
hard water | a. estancada standing or stagnant<br />
water | a. ferruginosa iron-rich mineral water |<br />
a. fósil connate water | a. freática groundwater,<br />
phreatic water | a. fuerte nitric acid | a. gorda<br />
hard water | a. infiltrada percolation water | a.<br />
juvenil juvenile water | a. limitada bound water<br />
| a. magmática magmatic water | a. marginal<br />
edge water | a. metamórfica metamorphic water<br />
| a. meteórica meteoric water | a. mineral<br />
mineral water | a. natural spring water (lacking<br />
minerals) | a. oxígenada oxygenated water | a.<br />
pelicular pellicular water | a. pluvial rain water<br />
| a. potable potable water | a. regia aqua regia |<br />
a. rejuvenecida rejuvenated water | a. salada salt<br />
or saline water | a. salobre brackish or briny<br />
water | a. singenética connate water | a. somera<br />
shallow water | a. subálvea water in a stream<br />
bed | a. subterránea (under)ground water | a.<br />
subterránea endicada perched ground water | a.<br />
subterránea fija fixed ground water | a.<br />
subterránea fijada attached ground water | a.<br />
subyacente bottom or edge water | a. sucia<br />
unpotable water | a. surgente artesian water | a.<br />
surgidor artesian water | a. surtidora artesian<br />
water | a. telúrica groundwater | a. termal<br />
thermal water | a. vadosa vadose water | a.<br />
vadosiana vadose water | a. viva spring water<br />
aguacero nm waterfall<br />
aguachento,-ta adj watery, full of water,<br />
saturated<br />
aguachinar vtr to saturate<br />
aguada nf flood | saturation | inundation of a<br />
mine by water | [Ch] spring<br />
aguaducho nm conduit | flood<br />
agualotal nm [Arg, Cu] bog, swamp<br />
aguallita nf shallow water<br />
agualluvia nf rain water<br />
aguamarina nf aquamarine<br />
aguar vtr to water, dilute<br />
aguarse vpr to be flooded or inundated by water<br />
aguas nfpl mineral waters in general | a. abajo<br />
downstream | a. altas high water | a.<br />
aprovechables water resources | a. arriba up<br />
stream | a. artesianas artesian water | a. bajas<br />
low water | a. broncas [Méx] flood waters | a.<br />
cloacales de infiltración ground water | aguas de<br />
afloramiento upwelling | a. de cabecera [PR]<br />
headwaters | a. estiales low water | a. inmundas<br />
waste water | a. juveniles juvenile waters | a.<br />
madres mother solution | a. meteóricas meteoric<br />
water | a. mínimas low water | a. pluviales rain<br />
water | a. residuales waste water | a. someras<br />
[Arg] surface water | a. telúricas [Arg] ground<br />
water | a. termales thermal waters | a. vertientes<br />
runoff | a. vivas flowing water<br />
aguatal nm [Ec] pool, swamp<br />
aguazal nm swamp, bog, marsh<br />
agudo,-da adj acute, sharp<br />
agüilla nf water, fluid<br />
aguja nf pointed peak of a mountian | compass<br />
needle | [surv] marking pin, arrow | [Sp] small<br />
vein | [Col] small branch vein or stringer | a. de<br />
marear compass<br />
agujerar vtr to perforate<br />
agujero nm drill hole | fissure | mouth of a well<br />
agujilla nf [Hualgáyoc, Pe] fibrous stromeyerite<br />
aguosidad nf water, fluid<br />
aguoso,-sa adj watery<br />
aguzado,-da adj tapering<br />
ahebrado,-da adj fibrous<br />
ahechar vtr to sift or sieve<br />
aherrumbrarse vpr to be stained by iron oxide |<br />
to aquire the color of rust<br />
ahitar vtr [surv] to set monuments<br />
ahocinarse vpr to run through a narrow canyon<br />
(rivers) | to cut a gorge<br />
ahogado,-da adj flooded, inundated, drowned |<br />
[Méx] embedded<br />
ahogar vtr to submerge, drown<br />
ahogarse vpr to be submerged | a. el oro [Col] to<br />
lose gold by being carried off by water<br />
ahondadura nf sinking, excavation, digging<br />
ahondamiento nm sinking, excavation, digging<br />
ahondar vtr to sink a shaft | to deepen a well<br />
ahonde nm sinking, excavation, digging |<br />
deepening | shaft dug to establish legal title to<br />
a claim | the depth of seven varas to which a<br />
discovery shaft must be dug to gain legal title<br />
to a claim<br />
ahuesado,-da adj bone-colored, yellowish |<br />
bone-hard<br />
ahumado,-da adj smokey<br />
aireado,-da adj aerated<br />
aislamiento nm isolation<br />
aiza nf [Bol] caving<br />
ajaquefa nf cave<br />
ajarafe nm tableland<br />
ala nf limb, side, flank
A-7<br />
alabandina nf alabandite | hyaline quartz<br />
alabastrado,-da adj alabaster, alabastrine<br />
alabastrino,-na adj alabaster, alabastrine | nf<br />
thin sheet of alabaster<br />
alabastrita nf transluscent gypsum<br />
alabastro nm alabaster | a. yesoso transluscent<br />
gypsum<br />
alado,-da adj flange-like<br />
aladrero nm [Sp] timberman (in a mine)<br />
alagadizo,-za adj subject to flooding<br />
alagado nm flooded land<br />
alagar vtr to flood<br />
alagunar vtr [Ch] to flood<br />
alajite nm [Méx] altered rhodonite<br />
alambre nm copper | bronze | metal wire | a.<br />
carril [Arg] aerial tramway<br />
alamontita nf allamontite<br />
alanita nf allanite<br />
alanoca nf an advance on wages yet to be<br />
recieved (these were regularly demanded by<br />
minga labor in Spanish colonial Perú)<br />
alasquita nf alaskite<br />
albar adj white | white-hot | nm dry, white<br />
earth<br />
albaro,-ra adj white<br />
albarazado,-da adj whitish<br />
albariza nf lagoon | dry white earth<br />
albarizo,-za adj whitish<br />
albayaldado,-da adj covered by cerussite<br />
albayalde nm cerussite | a. de plomo cerussite |<br />
a. rojo crocoite<br />
albense adj Albian<br />
alberca nf pool, pond<br />
albero nm whitish earth | [Andalusia, Sp]<br />
yellow sand used for construction<br />
albertense adj Albertian<br />
albertita nf asphaltic coal | ash coal | albertite<br />
albiano,-na adj Albian<br />
albica nf white earth<br />
albiense adj Albian | nm Albian<br />
albín nm bloodstone (a var of hematite)<br />
albina nf salt pool or marsh | albite (archaic<br />
spelling) | apophyllite | a. de marisma white<br />
deposits (madre de sal) left by salt marshes and<br />
lakes when they dry up<br />
albino,-na adj very white<br />
albitización nf albitization<br />
albitizado,-da adj albitized<br />
albitófido nm albitophyre<br />
albufera nf coastal lagoon, tidal lagoon<br />
albuhera nf pond<br />
alcalde nm justice of the peace | a. cañari an<br />
Indian in charge of passing along instructions<br />
related to the mita | a. de minas a Spaniard or<br />
Creole who was the primary judge of cases<br />
involving miners and mining | a. veedor official<br />
charged with the inspection of working and<br />
mining conditions<br />
álcali nf alkali<br />
alcali-basalto nm alkali basalt<br />
alcalinidad nf alkalinity<br />
alcalino,-na adj alkaline | a.-térreo alkaline earth<br />
alcalinotérreo,-rea adj alkaline earth<br />
alcali-riolita nf alkali rhyolite<br />
alcali-riolítico,-ca adj alkali rhyolitic<br />
alcali-traquita nf alkali trachyte<br />
alcance nm reach, range | drift | coverage<br />
alcanzar a vtr to reach to, extend to | vintr to get<br />
as far as a certain point<br />
alcapparosa nf copperas | a. amarillo copiapite |<br />
a. azul chalcanthite | a. blanco goslarite<br />
alcarría nf plateau<br />
alcohol nm galena | [Bol] antimony | a. de alferos<br />
cubic crystals of galena | a. de hoja [Linares, Sp]<br />
galena containing little or no silver<br />
alcor nm hill<br />
alcotana nf pick, mattox | stone cutter's hammer<br />
alcuba nf dome, cupola<br />
alcubilla nf basin, pond<br />
álea nm risk | randomness | á funcional random<br />
function | á numérico random variable | á<br />
vectorial random vector<br />
aleación nf alloy<br />
aleaje nm alloy<br />
alear vtr to alloy<br />
aleatorio,-ria adj random<br />
aleatorización nf randomization<br />
aledaño,-na adj bordering, adjacent<br />
alejamiento nm [surv] latitude | alejamientos y<br />
desciaciones latitudes and departures<br />
alejandrita nf alexandrite (a var of chrysoberyl)<br />
alemontita nf allemontite<br />
alero nm horizontal bed or layer<br />
alevante nm [Méx] overhand stope<br />
alfagra nf [Sp] channel | gorge<br />
alfaguara nf an abundant spring<br />
alfaque nm shoal, bar<br />
alférez nm an Indian serving as standard bearer<br />
in a fiesta de tabla (his contributions to the<br />
church and its officials exempted him from the<br />
mita for three years)<br />
alfiler de oro nm [Col] acicular gold<br />
alga nf algea
A-8<br />
algáceo,-cea adj algal<br />
algaida nf sand dune<br />
algino,-na adj algal<br />
algomano,-na adj Algoman<br />
algónquino,-na adj Algonkian | nm Algonkian<br />
alkalitraquita nf alkali trachyte<br />
alidada nf alidade<br />
aligación nf alloy | [chem] bond<br />
alimonados nmpl sulfides and other salts of<br />
silver<br />
alindar vtr to mark boundaries<br />
alineación nf lineation | lineament | alignment<br />
alinderar vtr [Arg, Cu] to mark boundaries<br />
aljez nm crude or natural gypsum<br />
aljezar nm gypsum quarry | gypsum deposit<br />
aljibe nm well | pool | [Col] spring<br />
aljor nm gypsum<br />
almacén nm warehouse | reservoir | a. royal<br />
Spanish royal storehouse for mercury (the<br />
production and distribution of which was a<br />
royal monopoly)<br />
almadaneta nf rock hammer<br />
almadén nm mine | mineral deposit<br />
almádena nf rock hammer<br />
almagra nf red ocher<br />
almagradura nf red ocher coloring<br />
almagral nm deposit of red ocher<br />
almagre nm red ocher<br />
almagrero,-ra adj abundant in red ocher | red<br />
ocher bearing<br />
almaína nf rock hammer<br />
almandina nf almandite, almandine<br />
almandino nm almandite, almandine<br />
almártaga nf litharge<br />
almendra nf an almond-shaped diamond<br />
almendrilla nf fine gravel | fine coal |<br />
[Guadalcázar, Méx] almond sized fragments of<br />
silicified limestone | [Aguascalientes, Méx]<br />
quartz matrix of copper veins<br />
almirez nm mortar | a. y mano mortar and pestle<br />
almoceda nf [Sp] water rights<br />
almohadillado,-da adj pillow, pillow-like<br />
almojatre nm sal ammoniac<br />
alocroita nf allochroite<br />
alocromático,-ca adj allochromatic<br />
alóctono,-na adj allochthonous<br />
alófana nf allophane<br />
alogéneo,-nea adj allogenous<br />
alógeno,-na adj allogene, allogenic<br />
alomado,-da adj undulating<br />
alometamorfismo nm static or load<br />
metamorphism | dynamic metamorphism |<br />
contact metamorphism<br />
alométrico,-ca adj allometric<br />
alomorfita nf allomorphite<br />
aloque adj light red<br />
aloqeita nf allochetite (obs)<br />
alotígeno,-na adj allothigenic<br />
alotipo nm allotype<br />
alotriomórfico,-ca adj anhedral<br />
alotriomorfo,-fa adj allotriomorphic<br />
alotropía nf allotropy<br />
alotrópico,-ca adj allotropic<br />
alpestre adj alpine | mountainous<br />
alpino,-na adj alpine<br />
alpinotípico,-ca adj alpinotype<br />
alquifol nm cubical galena | graphite<br />
alquitrán nm tar | a. de hulla coal tar | a. mineral<br />
bitumen<br />
alquitranoso,-sa adj tarry<br />
alsbaquita nf alsbachite (obs, granodiorite)<br />
alta nf hanging wall | [New Almadén, Calif]<br />
layer of clay in the hanging wall of mercury<br />
deposits<br />
altearse vpr to uplift, elevate<br />
alteración nf alteration | weathering | a.<br />
acumulativa accumulative weathering | a.<br />
atmosférica weathering<br />
alterado,-da adj altered<br />
altillano nm [Col] plateau<br />
altillo nm small hill<br />
altimetría nf topographical survey, running<br />
levels, altimetry<br />
altimétrico,-ca adj altimetric<br />
altímetro,-ra adj altimetric | nm altimeter<br />
altiplanicie nf high plateau, tableland<br />
altiplanimétrico,-ca adj topographic<br />
altiplano nm high plain, altiplano, plateau<br />
altitud nf atltitude, elevation<br />
alto,-ta adj high, elevated<br />
alto nm height, hill | elevation | upper part of a<br />
vein, deposit or mine | [Méx] hanging wall |<br />
elevated terrain | a. horno blast furnace<br />
altozano nm small hill<br />
altura nf height or summit | altitude, elevation |<br />
level | a. de carga [hyd] head | a. piezométrica<br />
hydraulic head<br />
alud nf avalanche | a. de cenizas ash flow | a. de<br />
fondo groundslide | a. de hielo ice avalanche | a.<br />
de roca rockslide
A-9<br />
alumbrar vtr to strike, to find, to discover | to<br />
emerge (groundwater) | to treat with alum,<br />
aluminate<br />
alumbre nm alum | a. de piedra alunite | a. de<br />
roca rock alum | a. potásico potash alum<br />
alumbrera nf alum quarry<br />
alúmbrico,-ca adj alum-bearing<br />
alumbroso,-sa adj aluminous<br />
alúmina nf alumina<br />
aluminífero,-ra adj aluminum-bearing<br />
aluminio nm aluminum<br />
aluminita nf [Ch] an ore of potassium and<br />
aluminum sulfates<br />
aluminoso,-sa adj aluminous<br />
alutación nf nuggets of gold found in the<br />
weathered surface outcrop of veins or deposits<br />
aluvial adj alluvial<br />
aluvión nm flood | alluvium, wash or silt | a.<br />
fluvio-glacial glacial outwash | a. metalífero<br />
placer | a. soplado [Col] fluvial sediments<br />
deposited by strong currents or cataracts<br />
aluvional adj alluvial<br />
aluvionamiento adj alluviation | silting up |<br />
accretion<br />
aluvionario nm [Arg] alluvial<br />
álveo nm riverbed or channel | source of a river<br />
alveolado,-da adj honeycombed<br />
alvéolo nm cell<br />
alza nf [Bol] washing of gold in a lavadero<br />
alzaguera nf [Sp] spring, source<br />
alzar vtr to hoist, raise, lift<br />
amagamiento nm [Col] spring, source<br />
amalgama nf amalgam<br />
amalgamar vtr to amalgamate<br />
amarillento,-ta adj yellowish<br />
amarillez nf yellow<br />
amarillo,-lla adj yellow | a. de montaña yellow<br />
ocher | nm yellow | [Zacatecas, Méx] gossan |<br />
a. claro light yellow | a. oscuro dark yellow<br />
amarrar las aguas vtr [Col] to protect placer<br />
workings from inundation by means of dikes<br />
(trinchos)<br />
amarrar tonga vtr [Col] to lessen the head (tonga)<br />
of water flowing through a sluice<br />
amatista nf amythest | a. oriental a violet-colored<br />
variety of corundum<br />
amazonita nf amazonite<br />
ámbar nm amber | á negro jet (var of black<br />
lignite)<br />
ambarino,-na adj amber<br />
ambiental adj environmental<br />
ambiente nm environment | setting | a. de<br />
sedimentación area of sedimentation | a.<br />
deposicional depositional environment<br />
ámbito nm perimeter | area<br />
ambligonita nf amblygonite<br />
amianta nf amianthus, a fine, silky var of<br />
asbestos<br />
amianto nm asbestos<br />
amigdaloide adj amygdaloidal | nm amygdaloid<br />
amígdula nf amugdule<br />
amojonar vtr [surv] to set monuments<br />
amoladera nf [Bol] sandstone<br />
amoladura nf grinding | a. glaciar glacial striae<br />
amolinar vtr [Col] to collect spalled ore in<br />
underground mines for processing | to collect<br />
ore in a ground sluice (canalón) for washing<br />
amoníaco nm ammonia<br />
amonita nf ammonite<br />
amonítico,-ca adj ammonitic<br />
amontonar vtr to pile up, make into heaps<br />
amorfo,-fa adj amorphous<br />
amortización nf pay out, amortization<br />
amparar vtr to obtain title to a property | a. en la<br />
posesión to keep a property in possession by<br />
doing assessment work, etc.<br />
amparo nm maintenance of the legal right of<br />
ownership by continual use<br />
ampelita nf cannel coal | ampelite | a. gráfica<br />
lithographic stone<br />
amplificación nf amplification | magnification<br />
amplificador nm amplifier<br />
amplio,-lia adj wide, broad<br />
ampolla nf blister | pocket (of ore) | a large<br />
brachyanticline | a. de lava lava blister<br />
ampolloso,-sa adj porous, containing cavities<br />
anaeróbico,-ca adj anaerobic<br />
analcima nf analcime, analcite<br />
anabergita nf annabergite<br />
anacarado,-da adj pearly<br />
análisis nm analysis | a. armónico harmonic<br />
analysis | a. cristalquímico crystal-chemical<br />
analysis | a. cualitativo qualitative test | a.<br />
cuantitativo quantitative test | a. de cedazo screen<br />
or sieve analysis | a. de la variancia analysis of<br />
variance | a. discriminante discriminant analysis<br />
| a. factorial factor analysis | a. ponderal<br />
gravimetric analysis | a. químico chemical<br />
analysis<br />
analista nm and nf analyst<br />
analítico,-ca adj analytic, analytical<br />
analizador nm analyst | analyzer | a. fotométrico<br />
photometric analyzer
A-10<br />
analizar vtr to analyze<br />
anasismo nm anaseism<br />
anastomasado,-da adj anastamosing<br />
anastomosarse vpr to anastomose<br />
anatasa nf anatase<br />
anataxia nf anataxis<br />
anaxil adj anaxial<br />
anco nm [Bol] impure native silver | [Ch, Pe] a<br />
silver ore<br />
ancón nm bay, cove<br />
anconada nf large bay, cove<br />
ancho,-cha adj broad, wide | nm width, breadth<br />
anchura nf width of a bed or deposit | widening<br />
of a vein, etc. | open terrain<br />
anchurón nm chamber, room (in a mine)<br />
anchuroso,-sa adj wide, large<br />
andadero,-ra adj accessible by foot<br />
andalucita nf andalusite<br />
andana nf lineation of hill, etc.<br />
andarivel nm aerial tramway<br />
andén nm [Bol, Pe] terrace (landform)<br />
andino,-na adj Andean<br />
andurrial nm clay pit or deposit<br />
anegable adj subject to flooding<br />
anegar vtr to flood, submerge, inundate<br />
anegarse vpr to be flooded, submerged,<br />
inundated<br />
anfibio nm amphibian<br />
anfíbol nm amphibole<br />
anfibolesquisto nm hornblende schist<br />
anfibólico,-ca adj amphibolic<br />
anfibolífero,-ra adj amphibole-bearing<br />
anfibolita nf amphibolite<br />
anfibolización nf amphibolization<br />
anfingena nf leucite<br />
anfiteatromorrénico nm glacial lodge<br />
anfótero,-ra adj amphoteric<br />
anfractuosidad nf extent of broken terrain<br />
angla nf cape<br />
angosto,-ta adj narrow<br />
angostarse vpr to thin, become narrow<br />
angostura nf narrowness | narrow, pass, gorge<br />
| narrows of a river<br />
Angoumense nm Angoumian<br />
angra nf cove, small bay<br />
anguena nf [Sp] silver ore<br />
ángulo nm angle | corner | á agudo acute angle<br />
| á axil axial angle | á axil aparente apparent<br />
axial angle | á de cabeceo angle of pitch | á de<br />
cizalladura angle of shear | á de deslizamiento<br />
angle of slide | á de discordancia angle of<br />
unconformity | á de estratificación angle of<br />
bedding | á de extinción angle of extinction |á<br />
de incidencia angle of incidence | á de inclinación<br />
angle of dip, pitch | á de pendiente angle of<br />
slope | á de reflexión angle of reflection | á de<br />
refración angle of refraction | á de reposo angle<br />
of repose or rest | á de rotación angle of rotation<br />
| a. de rumbo angle of strike | á externo external<br />
angle | á interno internal angle | á obtuso obtuse<br />
angle | á recto right angle | estar en á to be at an<br />
angle | formar un á con to be at an angle to |<br />
formar un á de to form an angle of<br />
angulosidad nf angularity<br />
anguloso,-sa adj angular<br />
anhedral adj anhedral<br />
anhídrico,-ca adj anhydrous<br />
anhidrita nf anhydrite<br />
anhidro,-ra adj anhydrous<br />
anidado,-da adj nested<br />
aniego nm [Méx] inundation, flooding<br />
aniegue nm [Méx] inundation, flooding<br />
anihédrico,-ca adj alotriomorphic<br />
anillo nm ring, annulus | a. anual annual ring<br />
anisiano,-na adj Anisian<br />
Anisiense nm Anisian<br />
anisométrico,-ca adj anisometric<br />
anisopericlasa nf fault or fracture parallel to a<br />
fold<br />
anisotropía nf anisotropy<br />
anisotrópico,-ca adj anisotropic<br />
anisótropo,-pa adj anisotropic<br />
ánodo nm anode<br />
anomalía nf anomaly | a. al aire libre free air<br />
anomaly | a. gravimétrica gravity anomaly | a.<br />
magnética magnetic anomaly<br />
anómalo,-la adj anomalous<br />
anormalidad nf abnormality<br />
anorganógeno,-na adj inorganic<br />
anorogénico,-ca adj anorogenic<br />
anórtico,-ca adj asymmetric<br />
anortita nf anorthite<br />
anortoclasa nf anorthoclase<br />
anortosita nf anorthosite<br />
anquería nf [Pe] silver ore that mimics cubic<br />
galena<br />
anta nf [Pe] copper | a. chacra copper mine<br />
antártico,-ca adj antarctic<br />
antearrecife nm forereef<br />
antecambriano,-na adj Precambrian | nm<br />
Precambrian<br />
antecedente adj antecedent | nmpl preliminary<br />
data<br />
anteclisa nf anteclise
A-11<br />
antecubeta nf foredeep<br />
antefosa nf foreland basin, foredeep<br />
antepaís nm foreland<br />
antepecho nm bench (in a mine)<br />
antepozo nm foreshaft<br />
anticlasa nf anticlase<br />
anticlinal adj anticlinal | nm anticline | a.<br />
acostado recumbant anticline | a. asimétrico<br />
asymmetric anticline | a. calvo bald-headed<br />
anticline | a. de sill air saddle | a. desmantelado<br />
breached anticline | a. recostado recumbant<br />
anticline | a. recumbente recumbant anticline |<br />
a. simétrico symmetric anticline | a. tumbado<br />
overturned anticline | a. volcado inverted or<br />
overturned anticline<br />
anticlinorio nm anticlinorium<br />
antiduna nf antidune<br />
antiforma nf antiform<br />
antiguo,-gua adj ancient | primordial | olden,<br />
dating back to Spanish colonial times or earlier<br />
| nm mine worked in Spanish colonial times<br />
antimoniado,-da adj antimony-bearing<br />
antimónico,-ca adj antimony, antimonic<br />
antimonio nm antimony | antimony ore | a.<br />
arsenical allemontite | a. blanco valentinite | a.<br />
gris stibnite | a. rojo kermesite<br />
antimonioso,-sa adj antimonial<br />
antióndula nf antiripple<br />
antipertita nf antiperthite<br />
antirizadura nf antiripple<br />
antitético,-ca adj antithetic<br />
antofilita nf anthophyllite<br />
antracita nf anthracite<br />
antracítico,-ca adj anthracitic<br />
antracito,-ta adj black<br />
antracitoso,-sa adj anthracite-bearing<br />
antro nm cave, cavern<br />
anular adj annular<br />
añil nm indigo blue<br />
añilado,-da adj indigo blue<br />
aovado,-da adj oval, egg-shaped<br />
apacheta nf [Pe] summit or mountain<br />
apogado,-da adj extinct, quenched, extinguished<br />
apacheta nf [Pe] summit, pass<br />
apagar vtr to quench, extinguish | a. un horno to<br />
blow out a furnace<br />
apalache adj Appalachian | nm Appalachian<br />
apalancar vtr to lever | to get ore from a hopper<br />
apantanar vtr to flood, inundate<br />
aparato nm apparatus | system | a. volcánico<br />
volcanic system<br />
aparecer vintr to appear in the literal sense as in<br />
'the ship appeared on the horizon' thus las<br />
andesitas aparecen intruidas por un fílon does not<br />
imply any doubt about the intrusive<br />
relationship | to appear on a list<br />
aparejado,-da adj paired<br />
aparejamiento nm pairing<br />
aparejo nm apparatus, rig | a. de perforación<br />
drilling rig<br />
aparinar vtr to show indications of ore<br />
apartado nm sorting or cobbing of ore |<br />
smelting | refining or parting of gold | smelter<br />
| a. a. mano hand sorting | casa del a. parting or<br />
assay establishment<br />
apartador nm ore picker | smelter<br />
apartamiento nm extraction of minerals<br />
apartar vtr to sort or cob ore | to part or refine<br />
during assaying | to extract minerals<br />
aparte adv separately, separated<br />
apatito nm apatite | a. fluor fluorapatite<br />
apeador nm land surveyor<br />
apeadura nf surveying<br />
apear vtr to survey | to shore, timber, brace<br />
apeo nm survey | timbering, shoring<br />
aperatura nf aperture | act of opening (a mine)<br />
ápice nm apex<br />
apilamiento nm arrangement of atoms in a<br />
crystal lattice<br />
apique nm [Col] shaft or winze<br />
apireo nm [Ch] removal of ore in hand-carried<br />
baskets<br />
apirí nm ore carrier (usually a mitayo)<br />
apizarrado,-da adj slate-colored | slaty, with<br />
slaty cleavage | containing slate<br />
apizarramiento nm slaty cleavage<br />
aplanado,-da adj complanate | leveled<br />
aplanamiento nm levelling<br />
aplanar vtr to level<br />
aplantillar vtr to dress stone according to a<br />
pattern<br />
aplastamiento nm collapsing, crushing |<br />
flattening | a. de trozos de pómez flattening of<br />
pumice fragments<br />
aplastar vtr to flatten | to crush<br />
aplastarse vpr to collapse<br />
aplogranito nm aplogranite<br />
aplomado,-da adj lead-colored, leaden<br />
aplomado nm [Michoacan, Méx] lead-colored<br />
copper ore consisting of bornite, chalcocite, and<br />
tetrahedrite<br />
aplomarse vpr to collapse<br />
apofilita nf apophyllite
A-12<br />
apófisis nm apophyses<br />
apolvillado nm [Guanajuato, Méx] a second<br />
class of rich ore from the veta madre yielding<br />
about 750 ounces silver to the ton<br />
apomagmático,-ca adj apomagmatic<br />
aporcelenado,-da adj porcellaneous<br />
aportación nf inflow, runoff<br />
aporte nm runoff, inflow<br />
apreciación nf appraisal, valuation, estimation,<br />
estimate<br />
apreciar vtr to appraise, value | to make out | to<br />
see<br />
aprecio nm appraisal, valuation, estimation<br />
apretado,-da adj brief, compressed | compact<br />
apretura nf narrow opening | gorge<br />
aprovechamiento nm use, utilization |<br />
exploitation, development | reclamation<br />
aprovechar vtr to exploit an opportunity | to<br />
exploit, develop or improve any natural<br />
resource<br />
aptiano,-na adj Aptian | nm Aptian<br />
aptense adj Aptian | nm Aptian<br />
aptiense adj Aptian | nm Aptian<br />
apuntamiento nm small outcrop<br />
aquerita nf akerite (obs, syenite)<br />
apurar vtr to purify metal | to concentrate ore<br />
aquilatación nf assay | alloy<br />
aquilatamiento nm assay<br />
aquilatar vtr to assay precious metals | to weigh<br />
precious stones | to alloy<br />
aquitaniano,-na adj Aquitanian<br />
aquitaniense adj Aquitanian<br />
aragonito nm aragonite<br />
arancel nm tariff | legal exaction made by a<br />
priest to support himself and his church<br />
arbolita nf harbolite<br />
arborescencia nf arborescence<br />
arborescente adj arborescent<br />
Arcaica nf Archean<br />
arcilla nf clay | any clay mineral | a. alfareía<br />
potter's clay | a. aluminosa steatite, talc | a.<br />
apizarada slate | a. arenosa sandy clay | a.<br />
aurífera gold-bearing clay | a. de batán fuller's<br />
earth | a. caolínica feldspathic shale | a. cocida<br />
baked clay | a. endurecida claystone, clay gall |<br />
a. figulina potter's clay | a. de filtro filter clay | a.<br />
de pedernal flint clay | a. enduricida [Vz]<br />
claystone | a. esquistosa shale | a. ferruginosa<br />
clay ironstone | a. glaciar glacial material | a.<br />
gredosa gouge | a. inflamable bituminous clay |<br />
a. laminar [Vz] shale | a. pedragosa till, boulder<br />
clay | a. pizarrosa shale, slate | a. plástica gumbo<br />
| a. refractoria refractory clay | a. roja red clay |<br />
a. violácea lithomarge<br />
arcillar nm clay deposit<br />
arcillita nf claystone<br />
arcilloso,-sa adj clayey, argillaceous, argillic<br />
arco nm arc | arch | a. de islas island arc | a.<br />
insular island arc<br />
arcosa nf arkose<br />
arcósico,-ca adj arkosic<br />
arcosita nf arkosite<br />
área nf area | are (100 square meters) | á.<br />
alimentadora watershed | á asísmica aseismic<br />
region | á comprobada proven territory | á de<br />
drenaje drainage area | á. de escurrimiento [Col]<br />
watershed | á de exploración exploration area |<br />
á no probada unproven area | á. vertiente<br />
watershed<br />
areg or arej nm erg, sand desert<br />
arena nf sand, grit | gold placer | a. asfáltica tar<br />
sand | a. aurífera gold-bearing sand | a. bruja<br />
fine sand | a. compacta close sand | a. cuarzosa<br />
quartz sand | a. de cantera pit sand | a. de<br />
carboncillo sun-burnt sand | a. de cava sand pit |<br />
a. de conchas shell sand | a. de cuarzo quartz<br />
sand | a. de duna dune sand | a. de escape thief<br />
sand | a. de fosa sand pit | a. de guija sand pit |<br />
a. de hoyo sand pit | a. de mar beach sand | a. de<br />
mina pit sand | a. de oro gold dust | a. de playa<br />
beach sand | a. de sílice silica sand | a. eólica<br />
aeolian sand | a. esqueleal skeletal sand | a.<br />
fluvial river sand | a. fluvialglaciar fluvialglacial<br />
sand | a. franca loamy sand | a. galuconita<br />
greensand, glauconitic sand | a. gasífera gas<br />
sand | a. gorda coarse sand | a. granítica granite<br />
wash | a. gruesa coarse sand | a. lacustre<br />
lacustrine sand | a. marina marine sand | a.<br />
movediza quicksand | a. muerta sand not mixed<br />
with earth | a. orienta [Arg] sand from Uruguay<br />
| a. oscura black sand | a. petrolífera oil sand | a.<br />
pomosa sand formed from pumice fragments |<br />
a. productiva pay sand | a. profunda deep (oilbearing)<br />
sand | a. recia coarse sand | a. verde<br />
green sand<br />
arenáceo,cea adj sandy, arenaceous<br />
arenal nm large expanse of sand | sandy place<br />
or ground | sand deposit, pit, bar | [Méx] sand<br />
dune<br />
Arenigense nm Arenigian<br />
arenigiano,-na adj Arenigian | nm Arenigian<br />
arenilla nf fine sand | [Méx] tailings | [Vz]<br />
black, magnetite-bearing sand | [Col]<br />
titaniferous iron ore | [Hidalgo, Méx] smalls
A-13<br />
from ore sorting | [Ch] copper matte mixed<br />
with slag<br />
arenisca nf sandstone | a. amasada kneaded<br />
sandstone | a. arcosa arkosic sandstone | a.<br />
arcósica arkosic sandstone | a. caliza calcareous<br />
sandstone | a. glauconítica glauconitic<br />
sandstone | a. gruesa grit | a. malaxada kneaded<br />
sandstone | a. margosa marly sandstone | a.<br />
profunda explotable farewell sand | a. silícea<br />
silicic sandstone | a. verde green sand | a.<br />
volcánica ashy grit<br />
arenisco,-ca adj sandy<br />
areniscoso,-sa adj arenilitic<br />
arenoso,-sa adj sandy, arenaceous, arenose | nf<br />
freestone, sandstone which cleaves easily<br />
aréola nf areole<br />
argarita nf marcasite<br />
argayo nm talus<br />
argentado,-da adj silver, silvery<br />
argénteo,-tea adj silver, silvery<br />
argentífero,-ra adj silver-bearing, argentiferous<br />
argentino,-na adj silvery, argentine<br />
argentoso,-sa adj silver-bearing, argentiferous<br />
argila nf clay<br />
argilita nf argillite<br />
argilolita nf claystone<br />
argiloso,-sa adj clayey, argillaceous<br />
argilla nf clay<br />
argirita nf argentite | [Bol] marcasite<br />
argirosa nm pyrargirite | argentite<br />
argón nm argon<br />
argoviano,-na adj Argovian | nm Argovian<br />
argoviense adj Argovian | nm Argovian<br />
aridez nf aridity<br />
árido,-da adj arid, dry | nmpl aggregate | á.<br />
finos fine aggregate | á. graduados graded<br />
aggregate | á. gruesos coarse aggregate<br />
arisco,-ca adj rough, uneven (terrain)<br />
arista nf arête | intersection of crystal faces at a<br />
right angle | a. polar an arista that cuts an axis<br />
of symmetry | a. hidrográfica [Vz] watershed<br />
divide<br />
arkosa nf arkose<br />
armadura nf framework | [Méx] country or host<br />
rock<br />
armar vtr to put together, assemble | v intr to be<br />
hosted by, occur in<br />
armoniaco nm sal ammoniac<br />
armónico,-ca adj harmonic<br />
aromático,-ca adj aromatic<br />
aromatización nf aromatizacion<br />
arqueada nf part of a vein that branches off and<br />
then reunites with the vein in the form of an<br />
arch<br />
arqueado,-da adj arcuate<br />
arquamiento nm arching<br />
arqueano,-na adj Archean | nm Archean<br />
arqueociátido nm archaeocyathid<br />
arqueozoico,-ca adj Archeozoic | nm<br />
Archeozoic<br />
arquería nf [Ch] silver amalgam<br />
arrambarse vpr to be covered by sand (after a<br />
flood)<br />
arrancar vtr to break ground, dig | to mine | to<br />
begin extraction or processing | a. el carbón to<br />
break down coal<br />
arranque nm breaking ground, digging |<br />
mining, extraction | processing | drill pattern<br />
for blasting<br />
arrasarse vpr to be filled with liquids<br />
arrastrado,-da adj dragged along, transported<br />
arrastrar vtr to drag along the ground | to haul,<br />
convey | to unite as veins into one | to scour,<br />
wash out<br />
arrastre nm creep, drag | drag-mill used to<br />
crush ore (generally misspelled in English as<br />
arrastra) | haulage or conveyance | slope or<br />
inclination of a shaft, etc. | footwall | a. de<br />
mano hand operated drag-mill used for<br />
sampling | a. de marca large drag-mill | a. de<br />
mula drag-mill powered by mules | a. ecuatorial<br />
ecuatorial drift<br />
arrastres nmpl silt, suspended matter<br />
arrate nm a pound of sixteen ounces<br />
arreador nm a person, usually creole or mestizo,<br />
used to quicken the pace of work in a mine or<br />
mill which largely employed Indians, most of<br />
whom were mitayos<br />
arrecife nm ridge of rock | reef | a. algino algal<br />
reef | a. anular annular reef | a. coralino coral<br />
reef | a. corolígeno atoll reef | a. costero fringing<br />
or shore reef | a. de algas algal reef | a. de barra<br />
or barrera barrier reef | a. franeante fringing reef<br />
| a. litoral fringing reef | a. marginal fringing<br />
reef | a. orgánico organic reef<br />
arremolinamiento nm agglomeration<br />
arremolinarse vpr to agglomerate<br />
arrendador nm lessor<br />
arrendamiento nm lease<br />
arrendar vtr to lease<br />
arrendatario nm lessee, leaseholder<br />
arriada nf flood<br />
arriarse vpr to flood
A-14<br />
arribera nf fluvial valley<br />
arriñonado,-da adj boytriodal, nodular<br />
arriscado,-da adj craggy<br />
arroba nf a weight of 25 spanish pounds (mules<br />
could carry a maximum of 14 arrobas) | a.<br />
granadina [Col] a weight equivalent to 125<br />
kilograms | a. inglesa quarter | a. marina a<br />
weight of 31 or 32 Spanish pounds<br />
arroyado,-da adj gullied | nf course of an arroyo<br />
arroyar vtr to gully, form gullies<br />
arroyo nm brook, stream, creek | any ephemeral<br />
water course | dry wash (less precipitous than<br />
a barranca) | a. desecado nullah | a.<br />
subglaciar glacial stream<br />
arroyuelo nm brooklet<br />
arruga nf small fold<br />
arrugación nf folding of strata<br />
arrugado,-da adj wrinkled, corrugated, fluted<br />
arrugamiento nm folding of strata | small fold<br />
arrugar vtr to fold<br />
arrugia nf gold mine | working of auriferous<br />
gravels<br />
arrumbamiento nm strike of a bed, vein, etc. |<br />
bearing<br />
arrumbar vtr to outcrop<br />
arseniato nm arsenate<br />
arsénico nm arsenic | a. piritoso arsenopyrite | a.<br />
rojo realgar<br />
arsenioso,-sa adj arsenious<br />
arseniuro nm arsenide<br />
arsenoblenda nf arsenic blende | a. amarilla<br />
orpiment<br />
arsenopirita nf arsenopyrite<br />
artesa nf gold pan | [Col] river basin | a. de<br />
criba screen pan | a. oscilante cradle (for<br />
washing placers)<br />
artesiano,-na adj artesian<br />
artesón nm wash trough (placer mining)<br />
ártico,-ca adj arctic<br />
asbestino,-na adj asbestine, made of asbestos<br />
asbesto nm asbestos | a. actinolito actinolite | a.<br />
lignoso ligniform asbestos<br />
asbolana nf asbolite, cobalt ocher<br />
ascender a vintr to come to, amount to, reach<br />
ascenco nm ascent, uplift, raise<br />
ascharita nf szaibelyite<br />
asentamiento nm settling<br />
asentar vtr to rest upon<br />
asentarse vpr to settle<br />
asentista nm contractor, tutworker | a. de azogue<br />
contractor charged with transport of mercury<br />
from almacenes reales to silver mining centers<br />
such as Cerro Rico de Potosí where the patio<br />
process of amalgamation was used for silver<br />
extraction<br />
aserrado,-da adj serrated<br />
asfalteno,-na adj asphaltene | nm asphaltene<br />
asfáltico,-ca adj asphaltic<br />
asfaltífero,-ra adj asphalt-bearing<br />
asfalto nm asphalt | a. de escorias clinker asphalt<br />
| a. méxicano chapapate | a. verde green tar<br />
ashgilliano,-na adj Ashgillian | nm Ashgillian<br />
Ashgilliense nm Ashgillian<br />
asídero nm asiderite<br />
asiento nm settling | sediment that settles in<br />
vats, etc. | a. de minas or a. mineral mineralized<br />
region<br />
asignar a vtr to assign to a formal stratigraphic<br />
unit | to allot or allocate<br />
asimetría nf asymmetry<br />
asimétrico,-ca adj asymmetric<br />
asimilación nf assimilation | a. magmática<br />
assimilation<br />
asíntota nm asymptote<br />
asintótico,-ca adj asymptotic<br />
asísmico,-ca adj aseismic<br />
asociación nf assemblage | a. de fósiles fossil<br />
assemblage<br />
asociar a vtr to associate or associate with | to<br />
bracket a category, etc.<br />
asombrarse vpr to become flatter | to become<br />
more bed or manto like (veins)<br />
asomo nm outcrop | edge of a precipice | inlier<br />
aspa nf cross in the form of an X | [Pe] the<br />
intersection of two veins<br />
aspar vtr to cross in the form of an X<br />
aspecto nm aspect | a. vítreo glassy appearance<br />
aspereza nf roughness, uneveness (of terrain)<br />
áspero,-ra adj uneven, rough (terrain) | harsh<br />
asperón nm sandstone | a. carbonífero<br />
carboniferous sandstone<br />
aspillera nf dissolution surface on carbonate<br />
rocks<br />
asquístico,-ca adj aschistic<br />
asquisto,-ta adj aschistic<br />
asta de venado nf [Pe] anglesite<br />
astenolito nm asthenolith<br />
astenosfera nf asthenosphere<br />
astería nf asteria or asteriated sapphire | cat's<br />
eye (a var of chalcedony)<br />
asterismo nm asterism<br />
Astiano,-na adj Astian<br />
astiense nm Astian
A-15<br />
astilla nf chip, splinter, spall | [Pataz, Pe]<br />
particles of gold found in mud accumulated in<br />
street gutters after a heavy rain | a. de cantera<br />
quarry spall<br />
astillar vtr to splinter<br />
astillarse vpr to spall | to splinter<br />
astilloso,-sa adj hackly, splintery | easily<br />
chipped<br />
astrago nm soil horizon<br />
astrakanita nf astrakhanite<br />
astrofilita nf astrophyllite<br />
atabacado,-da adj tobacco-colored<br />
atacar con ácido vtr to etch with acid<br />
ataque nm [Pe] breaking ground | a. químico<br />
etching | nmpl deads, waste<br />
atascadero nm swamp<br />
atectónico,-ca adj atectonic<br />
atenuación nf attenuation<br />
aterramiento nm alluvium | action of silting up<br />
aterrar vtr to silt up<br />
atico,-ca adj Attic<br />
atierre nm silting up | nmpl deads, waste<br />
atíncar nm refined borax<br />
atípico,-ca adj atypical<br />
atmósfera nf atmosphere<br />
atmosférico,-ca adj atmospheric<br />
atol nm atoll<br />
atolón nm atoll<br />
atolladero nm swamp<br />
atómico,-ca adj atomic<br />
átomo nm atom<br />
atracción nf attraction<br />
atravesado,-da adj crossed or cut by another<br />
vein, fault, etc.<br />
atravesar vtr to lay across, span | to go or pass<br />
through, penetrate | to pierce, run through | to<br />
cross, go across | a. a un filón to cut accross a<br />
vein or lode<br />
atravesarse vpr to lie across, span<br />
atravieso nm [Ch] gap, pass<br />
aturiano,-na adj Aturian | nm Aturian<br />
aturiense adj Aturian | nm Aturian<br />
aturquesado,-da adj turquoise<br />
atutía nf tutty (metal oxides encrusted on<br />
furnaces and chimneys)<br />
auerbaquita nf auerbachite<br />
augengneis nm augengneiss<br />
aulacógeno nm aulacogen<br />
aumento nm magnification | a. de una playa<br />
advance of a beach<br />
auramalgama nf gold amalgam<br />
áureo,-rea adj gold, golden, aureate<br />
aureola nf aureole | a. albitica albitic rim | a. de<br />
contacto contact aureole<br />
auricalcita nf aurichalcite<br />
áurico,-ca adj auric, gold<br />
aurífero,-ra adj gold-bearing, auriferous<br />
autigénesis nf authigenesis<br />
autigénico,-ca adj authigenic<br />
autígeno,-na adj authigenic<br />
autoclástico,-ca nf autoclastic<br />
autocorrelación nf autocorrelation<br />
autóctono,-na adj autochthonous | nm<br />
autochthon<br />
autóctonon nm autochthone<br />
autoformación de brechas nf autobrecciation<br />
autointrusión nf auto-injection, autointrusion<br />
autolito nm autolith<br />
autometamorfismo nm autometamorphism<br />
automorfo nm idiomorphic<br />
autóporo nm autopore<br />
autopotential nm selfpotential<br />
autuniano,-na adj Autunian<br />
Autuniense nm Autunian<br />
Auversense nm Auversian<br />
auxilio nm credit | a. de entre semana credit<br />
offered by a bank enabling a miner to borrow<br />
against the subsequent week's production | a.<br />
ordinario a regular credit extended by a bank at<br />
the beginning of the year to miners in a gremio<br />
de azogueros in proportion to the number of<br />
stamps their mills employed<br />
avalancha nf avalanch | [Arg] flood<br />
avaluar vtr to appraise, value, estimate<br />
avance nm advance | a. de una playa advance of a<br />
beach | a. del glaciar glacial advance | a. del mar<br />
transgression | a. en dirección advance on strike<br />
avenamiento nm drainage, draining | a.<br />
autógeno autogenic drainage | a. centrípetro<br />
internal drainage | a. desordenado aimless<br />
drainage<br />
avenar vtr to drain<br />
avenc nm [Catalonia, Sp] sinkhole<br />
avenida nf flood<br />
aventadero nm [Pe] gold placer | [Arg] shallow,<br />
Quaternary placer | [Col] placer above the<br />
banks of a river<br />
aventurino,-na adj aventurine | nf aventurine<br />
averno nm gas pocket (in a coal mine)<br />
avetado,-da adj veined, seamed<br />
aviador nm person who finances a mine,<br />
contracting for the work | person who<br />
advances funds or goods against future
A-16<br />
production from a mine | supplier of goods to<br />
miners<br />
aviadoro,-ra adj subject to assessment<br />
aviar vtr to finance a mine | to grubstake, lend<br />
money and equipment for working a mine<br />
avío nm preparation, provision | implement or<br />
material used in a mine | hereditary lease |<br />
funds or goods advanced for working a mine,<br />
grubstake | goods supplied to miners, supplies<br />
aviso sísmico nm foreshock<br />
avolcanado,-da adj volcanic<br />
axil adj axial<br />
axilar adj axilary<br />
ayllu nm social group of Andean Indians united<br />
through kinship | a drove of twenty llamas or<br />
burros in the charge of cumuris and used to<br />
transport ore<br />
azabachado,-da adj jet-black<br />
azabache nm jet (a var of lignite)<br />
azada nf a tool used to dress stone<br />
azanca nf spring<br />
azar nm chance | al a. at random<br />
azarcón nm crocoite, red lead | a. nativo minium<br />
azarnefe nm orpiment<br />
azimut nm azimuth<br />
azoado,-da adj nitrogenous<br />
azoar vtr to nitrogenate<br />
azoato,-ta adj nitrate | nm nitrate<br />
ázoe nm nitrogen<br />
azogado nm mercury poisoning<br />
azogamiento nm mercury poisoning<br />
azogarse vpr to become poisoned by mercury<br />
azogue nm mercury | ore amenable to<br />
amalgamation with mercury | [Pachuca, Méx]<br />
second class ores | [Sinaloa, Méx] ore of silver<br />
sulfides, embolite, and copper silicate in a<br />
quartz matrix | [Batopilas, Méx] ore containing<br />
visible silver | a. apolvillado ore very amenable<br />
to amalgamation | a. común ore generally<br />
amenable to amalgamation | a. ordinario ore<br />
generally amenable to amalgamation | a.<br />
razonable ore marginally amenable to<br />
amalgamation<br />
azoguería nf amalgamation works<br />
azoguero nm [Potosí, Bol] an owner or<br />
renter/operator of mines and mills<br />
azoguería nf amalgamating works | the<br />
amalgamation process<br />
azoico,-ca adj azoic | nm azoic | nitric<br />
azótico,-ca adj nitric<br />
azolvarse vpr to silt up<br />
azolve nm silt<br />
azolvos nmpl silt<br />
azúcar nf [Col] granular soft white calcite matrix<br />
to native gold ore<br />
azufrado,-da adj sulfurated | sulfur colored |<br />
nm sulfuring | [col] yellow ocher found in<br />
veins | [Hualgáyoc, Pe] yellow ore derived<br />
from decomposition of galena | [Ch] nitrate of<br />
soda (caliche) of a canary or lemon yellow color<br />
| [Pe] sulfide ore<br />
azufral nm solfatera<br />
azuframiento nm sulfuring<br />
azufrar vtr to sulfurate, impregnate with sulfur<br />
azufre nm sulfur | a. nativo native sulfur | a.<br />
vivo brimstone, molten sulfur, native sulfur<br />
azufrera nf sulfur mine<br />
azufrón nm pyritic mineral in a pulverulent<br />
condition | [Méx] sulfide ore<br />
azufroso,-sa adj sulfurous<br />
azul adj blue | nm blue, blueness | [Cartagena,<br />
Sp] greenish-blue slate bearing disseminated<br />
galena and iron silicate | [Méx] silver-bearing<br />
sulfide ores | a. acerado [Zacatecas, Méx]<br />
stephanite | a. celeste sky blue | a. claro light<br />
blue | a. de cobalto cobalt blue | a. de montaña<br />
azurite | a. de ultramar ultramarine blue | a.<br />
marino navy blue | a. oscuro dark blue | a.<br />
plomilloso [Zacatecas, Méx] argentite | a. turquí<br />
indigo blue | a. verdoso petrol blue<br />
azulado,-da adj bluish, blue<br />
azulaque nm bitumen | [Zacualpan, Méx]<br />
argentite | [Fresnillo, Méx] disseminated<br />
pyrite, argentite, silver chloride and native<br />
silver ores distal to veins | a. y cardenilla<br />
[Guerrero, Méx] silver-rich copper ores of blue<br />
and green colors<br />
azulenco,-ca adj bluish<br />
azulillo nm silver-bearing carbonate ore<br />
azulino,-na adj bluish<br />
azuloso,-sa adj bluish<br />
azumbre nf a liquid measure of capacity<br />
equivalent to about two liters<br />
azurita nf azurite<br />
azurronado nm [Tlalpujahua, Méx] silverbearing<br />
cubic pyrite
B-1<br />
B<br />
bacilar adj fibrous | bacillary<br />
bacteria nf bacteria | b. tigmotáctica thigmotactic<br />
bacteria<br />
bacular adj rod-shaped<br />
báculo nm staff | [Méx] transit rod, range pole |<br />
b. de Jacob Jacob's staff<br />
badana nf bag made from cured sheepskin used<br />
to transport mercury<br />
badén nm gully<br />
bagazo nm drilling mud<br />
bahía nf bay<br />
baja nf fall, drop | b. ley low grade<br />
bajada nf descent | bahada (merging of several<br />
alluvial fans) | slope | drop | ebb |<br />
downgrade | ladderway<br />
bajamar nm low tide | ebb<br />
bajante nm low water, low tide<br />
bajar vintr to descend, sink | to lower | to drop<br />
or fall in price | to ebb | vtr to reduce in price<br />
| to lessen<br />
bajial nm low ground subject to flooding<br />
bajío nm bank, shoal | sandbar | lowland<br />
bajo,-ja adj low | bajo de ley of low grade<br />
bajo nm footwall | shoal or sandbank<br />
bajociano,-na adj Bajocian<br />
bajocense adj Bajocian<br />
bajociense adj Bajocian<br />
balaje nm balas ruby (a rose-red var of spinel)<br />
balanza nf balance | blind shaft | b. de Jolly Jolly<br />
balance | b. de torsión torsion balance<br />
balate nm boundary marker, survey marker |<br />
border of a trench | terrace<br />
balde nm bucket | b. de arrastre dragline bucket<br />
| b. de extracción mine bucket | b. de pozo shaft<br />
bucket<br />
balicero nm [Méx] rodman<br />
balsamo nm balsam | b. de Canada Canadian<br />
balsam<br />
banca nf bench<br />
bancada nf stope | bench<br />
bancal nm berm, bench, terrace<br />
banco nm thick bed or stratum | bank or bar of a<br />
river, etc. | bench (in a quarry or mine) | [Méx]<br />
horse (barren rock within or that deflects a<br />
vein) | b. barrera barrier beach | b. de arena<br />
sandbank, sand bar | b. de avíos bank which<br />
advances funds for the working of mines | b. de<br />
coral coral reef | b. de cota fija bench mark | b. de<br />
grava gravel bank | b. de hielo ice floe | b. de<br />
nivel bench mark | b. de piedra thick bed of<br />
stone | b. de rescates bank where silver bullion<br />
could be exchanged by miners for coin | b. de<br />
río river bank | B. Minero bank, usually state<br />
owned, set up to provide credit to small and<br />
medium-size mining enterprises | b. platero<br />
[Sinaloa, Méx] argentiferous pyrite<br />
bandaleta nf | en b. loop<br />
bandeado,-da adj banded | b. groseramente<br />
crudly banded<br />
bandeamiento nm banding<br />
banquear vtr to level, bench | [Col, Vz] to<br />
excavate<br />
banqueo nm leveling, benching | bench | [Col,<br />
Vz] excavation | b. de préstamo [Vz] borrow pit<br />
banqueta nf small bed or bench<br />
banquisa nf pack-ice<br />
bañado nm swamp, marsh<br />
bara nf bar (unit of pressure)<br />
barcana nf barchan dune<br />
barequear vtr [Col] to extract as much of the<br />
paydirt in a placer as possible without<br />
disturbing the overburden<br />
baratina nf barite<br />
barchan nm barchan dune<br />
bario nm barium<br />
barisfera nf barysphere<br />
baritina nf barite<br />
barján nm barchan dune<br />
barlovento,-ta adj windward<br />
barniz nf varnish | b. del desierto desert varnish<br />
barquina nf a type of large furnace<br />
barra nf bar, ingot | sandbank, bar | crowbar |<br />
b. aviada limited liability share | b. aviadora<br />
share paying assessments | b. de arena sand bar<br />
| b. de caliza granular oolítica oolitic grainstone<br />
bar | b. de mina hand drill | b. de plata [Méx]<br />
silver ingot of 75 pounds | b. de río shoal, bar |<br />
b. prelitoral longshore bar | b. viuda limited<br />
liability share<br />
barranca nf steep, jagged canyon, wash | cliff,<br />
bluff | gorge, ravine | slope (hill or mountain)<br />
| downgrade | [Arg] riverbank | b. abajo<br />
downhill | b. de falla fault scarp | b. de falla con<br />
erosión faultline scarp<br />
barranco nm gorge | fissure | precipice, cliff |<br />
landslide scar | [Vz] small round pits, about<br />
four feet in diameter, dug to work shallow ores<br />
barrancón nm gorge, canyon<br />
barrancoso,-sa adj broken, rough (terrain)<br />
barranquero nm placer miner<br />
barranquilla nf [Méx] gully
B-2<br />
barreal nm clay pit<br />
barremiano,-na adj Barremian<br />
barremense adj Barremian<br />
barremiense adj Barremian<br />
barrena nf drill bit | crow bar | b. asimétrica side<br />
hill bit | b. batidora churn drill | b. de arrastre<br />
drag bit | b. de cable cable drill | b. de canteador<br />
stone cutter's drill | b. de cateo earth borer | b.<br />
de cesto basket bit | b. de chorro jet bit | b. de<br />
muelas reamer bit | b. de perforación desviada<br />
directional bit | b. regulable expansion bit | b.<br />
tubular core drill | b. sacanúcleos core drill | b.<br />
sacatestigos core drill<br />
barrenar vtr to drill<br />
barreno nm shot | drill | drill hole | [Col]<br />
drilled well<br />
barrera nf clay pit | barrier | b. prelitoral<br />
longshore bar<br />
barrero nm clay deposit | clay pit<br />
barretero nm miner employed at the working<br />
face cutting ores with a barra or crowbar<br />
barretón nm heavy crowbar | [Col] miner's pick<br />
barrial nm clay pit<br />
barril nm barrel | [Fr Guiana] a weight of 100<br />
kilograms<br />
barrilla nf [Bol] grains of native copper<br />
disseminated in other copper ores | [Bol]<br />
copper or tin ore concentrates<br />
barro nm clay, loam, mud, earth, silt | marl |<br />
[Col] overburden on gold placers | b. de olleros<br />
potter's clay | b. glaciariaco till | b. refractario<br />
[Cu] fire clay<br />
barroso,-sa adj muddy, clayey, silty<br />
bartoniano,-na adj Bartonian<br />
bartoniense adj Bartonian<br />
basal adj basal | basement<br />
basáltico,-ca adj basaltic<br />
basalto nm basalt<br />
basamento nm basement<br />
base nm base (of crude oil) | b. de erosión base<br />
level of erosion<br />
básico,-ca adj basic | basal<br />
basitas nfpl [Arg] basic rocks<br />
bastoniforme adj rod-like<br />
batea nf wooden gold pan, traditionally 20<br />
inches in diameter and 25 inches deep | b.<br />
cortadora polished gold pan 16 inches in<br />
diameter and rather less than 2 inches deep | b.<br />
lavadora variety of gold pan 16 inches in<br />
diameter and 2 inches deep | b. vetadora gold<br />
pan 12 inches in diameter with ears or handles<br />
| b. zambullidora an oblong, elliptical gold pan 3<br />
to 4 feet long and 14 to 18 inches wide<br />
bataque nm [BC, Méx] deposits formed by<br />
spring waters<br />
batería de pisones nf battery of stamps<br />
batial adj bathyal<br />
batipelágico,-ca adj bathypelagic<br />
batir vtr [Col] to work placers by force of water<br />
| b. el monte to explore for gold placers, etc.<br />
batisfera nf bathysphere<br />
batisismo nm bathyseism<br />
batolito nm batholith<br />
batoniano,-na adj Bathonian<br />
batonense adj Bathonian<br />
batoniense adj Bathonian<br />
bauleao nm [Col] pyrite cubes<br />
bayociano,-na adj Bajocian<br />
Bayociense nm Bajocian<br />
benceno nm benzene<br />
beneficiable adj millable, suitable for<br />
benefeciation, workable<br />
beneficiador nm miller | mill operator | person<br />
employed to supervise the patio process of<br />
amalgamation of silver ores<br />
beneficiar vtr to work or improve a mine | to<br />
derive a profit from working a mine | to win<br />
metals from ore or concentrate | to smelt,<br />
refine<br />
beneficio nm working of a mine | profits<br />
derived from working a mine | reduction of<br />
ores and concentrates, smelting | productive<br />
ore | the richest part of a deposit | b. de cazo<br />
[Méx] the hot amalgamation process of<br />
reducing silver ores | b. de hierro amalgamation<br />
with the addition of iron filings | b. de metales<br />
concentration of ores | b. de patio the cold, patio<br />
process of amalgamation of silver ores | b. de<br />
toneles the Freiberg or barrel process of<br />
amalgamating silver ores | b. por cianuración<br />
cyanide process of precious metal recovery | b.<br />
por cloruración chlorination process of metal<br />
recovery | b. por fuego recovery of metals by<br />
direct smelting of ore<br />
bencina nf gasoline, benzene<br />
bentónico,-ca adj benthic<br />
bentonítico,-ca adj bentonitic<br />
bentos nm benthos<br />
benzol nm benzene<br />
berilio nm beryllium<br />
berilo nm beryl | b. noble transparent beryl | b.<br />
verdemar aquamarine<br />
berma nf berm
B-3<br />
bermellón nm cinnabar<br />
berriasiano,-na adj Berriasian<br />
berriasiense adj Berriasian<br />
berroqueña nf granite<br />
bertierita nf berthierite<br />
betumen nm bitumen<br />
betún nm bitumen, asphalt | b. de Judea asphalt<br />
| b. marga bituminous marl<br />
biáxico,-ca adj biaxial<br />
biboro nm botryolite<br />
bicarbonato nm bicarbonate<br />
bicloruro nm bichloride<br />
bicharra nf [Pe] a type of small furnace<br />
bidón nm jerry can<br />
bifurcación nf bifurcation, branching, forking |<br />
branch of a vein that follows along strike<br />
bifurcamiento nm branching of a vein<br />
bifurcarse vpr to branch, as for a vein<br />
bimbalete nm [Pe] a crude ore mill consisting of<br />
a large boulder rocked by a transverse bar<br />
binario nm binary | b. dígito bit<br />
binche nm [Arg] cubic crystals of pyrite found in<br />
gold-bearing conglomerates<br />
binomio,-mia adj binomial<br />
bioestratigrafía nf biostratigraphy<br />
bioestratigráfico,-ca adj biostratigraphic<br />
bioherma nf bioherm<br />
biolita nf biolith<br />
biolitita nf boundstone<br />
biolito nm organic sediment<br />
bióxido nm dioxide | b. carbónico carbon dioxide<br />
birrefringencia nf birefringence<br />
birrefringente adj birefringent<br />
bisilicato nm bisilicate<br />
bismalito nm bysmalith<br />
bismutina nf bismuthenite<br />
bismutinita nf bismuthenite<br />
bismuto nm bismuth | b. blenda eulytite | b.<br />
nativo native bismuth | b. ocre oxide or<br />
carbonate of bismuth<br />
bisulfato nm bisulfate<br />
bisulfuro nm bisulfide<br />
bitounita nf bytownite<br />
bitumenización nf bituminization<br />
bitumífero,-ra adj bituminous<br />
bituminoso,-sa adj bituminous<br />
bivalencia nf bivalence<br />
bivalente adj bivalent<br />
blanco,-ca adj white<br />
blandura adj softness | nf soft, crumbly earth<br />
blanquizal nm pipe clay<br />
blastogranítico,-ca adj blastogranitic<br />
blastoideo,-dea adj blastoid<br />
blastoporfirítico,-ca adj blastoporphyritic<br />
blenda nf blende | sphalerite | b. acaramelada<br />
yellow sphalerite | b. amarilla yellow sphalerite<br />
| b. arsenical orpiment | b. cadmífera greenockite<br />
| b. córnea [Méx] hornblende | b. de plata<br />
pyrargyrite | b. de zinc sphalerite | b. parda<br />
brown sphalerite | b. roja red sphalerite | b.<br />
rubí red sphalerite | b. testácea fibrous<br />
sphalerite<br />
blonco bueno nm [Guanajuato, Méx] a third<br />
class of rich ore from the veta madre of about<br />
400 ounce silver to the ton<br />
bloque nm block | b. errático glacial erratic | b.<br />
de fallas fault block<br />
bloque-diagrama nm block diagram<br />
bloquear vtr to block out (ore)<br />
bloqui nm ingot<br />
bobo,-ba adj [Ch] sterile, barren (of ore)<br />
boca nf the first opening made on a vein or lode<br />
| mouth or collar of a shaft, well or adit |<br />
mouth of a river | gap, pass, saddle | b. de<br />
glaciar glacial outlet | ice cave | b. de pozo<br />
wellhead | b. mina portal, mouth of an adit<br />
bocal nm mouth, entrance | gap, straight,<br />
narrows | pit head (coal mine)<br />
bocamejora nf auxilliary shaft<br />
bocamina nf portal, entrance to an adit or tunnel<br />
bocana nf [Col] river mouth<br />
bocarrena nf geode<br />
bocarte nm stamp mill | crusher | drag mill<br />
bocartear vtr to crush ore in a stamp mill<br />
bocarteo nm crushing of ore in a stamp mill<br />
bodega nf chamber deposit<br />
bodoque nm argentite | [Batopilas, Méx] silver<br />
chloride<br />
bofía nf gypsum pipe<br />
bofón nm plug<br />
bogue nm [Sp] boghead coal<br />
bol arménico nm bole (type of red mud)<br />
boleo nm nodule of ore found in a vein |<br />
concretions of ore found in sedimentary ore<br />
deposits | [Méx] waste dump<br />
bolichar vtr to reduce ore in a boliche<br />
boliche nm bowl concentrator used in the patio<br />
process of amalgamating silver ores<br />
bólido nm meteorite<br />
bolo nm [Col] a red ocher found in placers<br />
bolón nm cobble, boulder<br />
bolone nm [Ch] rounded fragment of copper ore
B-4<br />
bolsa nf richest part of a mine | rich pocket of<br />
ore | small irregular deposit | vug lined with<br />
druse<br />
bolsada nf rich pocket of ore | druse | irregular<br />
deposit | pocket, cavity<br />
bolsilla nf small bunch of ore<br />
bolsón nm bolson, internal basin | large pocket<br />
of ore<br />
bolsonada nf bunch of ore<br />
bolsonero,-ra adj [Bol] in rich ore, in pockets of<br />
ore<br />
bollandiano,-na adj Bollandian<br />
bollandiense adj Bollandian<br />
bollo nm [Pe] pocket of ore<br />
bomba nf bomb (experimental) | pump | b.<br />
calorimétrica calorimetric bomb | b. volcánica<br />
volcanic bomb<br />
bonanza nf large deposit of rich ore | ore shoot<br />
| en b. yielding a profit, in good ore<br />
bono nm bonus | b. de caja cash bonus<br />
bononiano,-na adj Bononian<br />
bononiense adj Bononian<br />
boratera nf [Arg, Bol, Ch] borax deposit<br />
borato nm borate | [Ch] ulexite | b. calcinado<br />
calcined ulexite<br />
borde nm river bank | fringe, edge | b.<br />
continental continental borderland<br />
bordo nm edge | ore remaining in a mine<br />
bórico,-ca adj boric, boracic<br />
boro nm boron<br />
borra nm [Méx] matrix, gangue | barren rock |<br />
refined borax | b. de veta soft, altered rock | en<br />
b. in unproductive ground<br />
borrasca nf an unproductive or unprofitable<br />
mine | barren rock | b. de la capa tounging of a<br />
bed into adjacent beds | dar or caer en b. to<br />
become unproductive or unprofitable<br />
boruro nm boride<br />
bota nf leather bag used to carry ore out of a<br />
mine<br />
botadero nm dump<br />
botamiento nm fault | dislocation<br />
botar vtr to dump<br />
botella nf flask | b. de ácido acid bottle | b. de<br />
azogue flask of mercury<br />
botija nf [Bol] rawhide bucket of about 7 gallons<br />
capacity<br />
botroide adj botryoidal<br />
bóveda nf cave or cavern | dome, cupola |<br />
chamber deposit | b. de sal salt dome<br />
bovedón nm [Pe] chamber<br />
boya nm [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] rich vein or pocket<br />
of ore | b. del cobre copper production boom in<br />
1887 in Perú due to high world market prices<br />
for copper<br />
bradfordiano,-na adj Bradfordian<br />
bradfordiense adj Bradfordian<br />
bradisismo nm bradyseism<br />
braguetilla nf [Pe] crude smelting furnace, often<br />
no more than a roasting pit<br />
braquianticlinal nm brachyanticline<br />
braquiópodo nm brachiopod<br />
braquisinclinal nm brachysyncline<br />
brasa nf [Almadén, Sp] reduction of mercury ore<br />
by roasting and distillation<br />
braunespato nm brown spar (any carbonate<br />
colored brown by iron)<br />
braza nf fathom (a unit of length)<br />
brazada nf [Col, Vz] fathom (a unit of length) |<br />
b. de piedra [Méx] a cubic measure used in<br />
selling building stone<br />
brazaje nm water depth<br />
brazo nm arm | branch of a stream | b.<br />
pantanoso bayou<br />
brea nf pitch or tar | asphalt | b. de alquitrán coal<br />
tar | b. de carbón coal tar | b. de hulla coal tar |<br />
b. de tierra earth pitch | b. mineral heavy oil,<br />
maltha, asphalt<br />
brecha nf breccia | opening, break, crevasse |<br />
[Col] prospecting trench | b. conchífera shell<br />
hash | b. de dislocación crush breccia | b. de fallas<br />
fault breccia | b. de fricción fault breccia | b. de<br />
huesos bone breccia | b. de trituración fault<br />
breccia | b. de talud talus breccia | b. filoniana<br />
vein breccia | b. milonita mylonitic breccia | b.<br />
osífera bone breccia | b. poligénica polygenetic<br />
breccia | b. tectónica tectonic breccia | b.<br />
volcánica volcanic breccia<br />
brechación nf brecciation<br />
brechiforme adj brecciated<br />
brechoide adj brecciated<br />
brechoso,-sa adj brecciated<br />
brigada nf party, gang, crew | b. de campo field<br />
party | b. del tránsito transit party | b.<br />
topográfica survey party<br />
brillantez nf brilliance (gems)<br />
brillo nm luster | b. anacarado pearly luster | b.<br />
ceroso waxy luster | b. de antimonio antimonite |<br />
b. de antimonio argentífero miargyrite | b. de<br />
betún pitchy luster | b. de bismuto bismuthenite<br />
| b. de cobalto cobaltite | b. de cobre chalcocite |<br />
b. de hierro red hemetite| b. de plata argentite |<br />
b. diamantino adamantine luster | b. grasiento
B-5<br />
greasy luster | b. graso greasy luster | b. grasoso<br />
[Bol] greasy luster | b. mantecoso greasy luster |<br />
b. mate dull luster | b. metálico metallic luster |<br />
b. nacarado pearly luster | b. resinoso resinous<br />
luster | b. sedoso silky luster | b. terroso earthy<br />
luster | b. vítreo glassy luster<br />
briozoario nm bryozoan<br />
brocado nm [Pe] low-grade ore<br />
brocal nm collar (of a shaft) | entrance (to an<br />
adit)<br />
brocantita nf brochantite<br />
broceo nm [Ch] barreness or sterility of an ore<br />
deposit | en broceo in barren ground<br />
bromargira nf bromargyrite<br />
bromargirita nf bromargyrite<br />
bromo nm bromine<br />
bromuro nm bromide<br />
bronce nm bronze | pyrite | any mineral of a<br />
bronze color | [Pe] iron and copper sulfide ores<br />
| b. bruno [Zacatecas, Méx] silver-bearing pyrite<br />
| b. amarillo pyrite or chalcopyrite | b. añilado<br />
covellite | b. apretado pyrite | b. blanco pyrite |<br />
[Potosí, Bol] arsenopyrite | b. bueno<br />
[Guanajuato, Méx] silver-bearing pyrite | b.<br />
chino pyrite or chalcopyrite | b. de cobre<br />
chalcopyrite |b. dorado chalcopyrite | b. malo<br />
[Guanajuato, Méx] pyrite barren of silver | b.<br />
morado bornite | b. nochistle chalcopyrite | b.<br />
plateado [Ch] copper sulfide ore | b. platero<br />
silver-bearing pyrite<br />
broncita nf bronzite<br />
bronco nm greenhorn, bronco (new, unproven<br />
oil field employee) | [Méx] loose, rock ready to<br />
fall<br />
bronzado,-da adj [Pe] containing copper and iron<br />
sulfide ore or bronces<br />
bronzudo nm [Méx] pyritic ore<br />
broquita nf brookite<br />
brosa nf [Bol] low-grade ore<br />
broseo nm [Bol] weathering and decomposition<br />
of ores<br />
brosiri nm worker, usually minga used to break<br />
up ore<br />
brotadero nm seep, spring, source<br />
brotar vtr to outcrop | to seep, emerge<br />
(groundwater)<br />
brotazón de veta nm [Méx] apex of a vein<br />
brote nm [Cu] outcrop | b. de filtración seepage<br />
outcrop<br />
broza nf [Bol, Pe] barren part of a vein | low<br />
grade ore | [Bol] coarse-grained minerals |<br />
[Ch] mine waste<br />
buitrón nm section of the patio of an ingenio<br />
where each cuerpo of ore was treated by the<br />
patio process of amalgamation of silver ores (a<br />
patio was generally divided into several<br />
buitrones)<br />
brújula nf compass | b. de geólogo geologists's<br />
compass | b. minera mine compass<br />
bruno,-na adj dark brown<br />
bruto,-ta adj coarse, rough | crude<br />
buche nm [Col] pocket of ore<br />
bucle nm shield<br />
bufa nf [Mazipal, Méx] beds of brown iron ore<br />
and malachite<br />
buncenita nf bunsenite<br />
burdigaliano,-na adj Burdigalian<br />
burdigaliense adj Burdigalian<br />
burga nf hot spring<br />
buro nm chalk | marl<br />
burrear vtr [Sp] to carry ore on one's shoulders<br />
busca nf search, exploration | [Méx] ore taken<br />
out by prospectors<br />
buscador nm prospector<br />
buscar vtr to prospect or explore<br />
buscón nm prospector<br />
busconero nm prospector<br />
búsqueda nf search | b. de información scouting a<br />
well<br />
butano nm butane<br />
buzamiento nm dip, inclination | pitch | angle<br />
of dip | [Ch] plunge (in Chile manteo is used for<br />
dip) | b. aparente apparent dip | b. arriba updip<br />
| b. axil plunge | b. del eje plunge | b. en cupula<br />
quaquaversal dip<br />
buzante adj plunging<br />
buzar vtr to dip
C-1<br />
C<br />
cabalgar vtr to overlap | to thrust, overthrust<br />
cabalgador nm nappe<br />
cabalgamiento nm thrust, overthrust | c.<br />
horizontal apparent heave | c. inclinado apparent<br />
slip | c. vertical apparent throw<br />
caballería nf a measure of land area<br />
caballete nm [Méx] horse (waste rock within or<br />
between veins)<br />
caballero nm spoil bank<br />
caballo nm horse (waste rock within or between<br />
veins) | c. de piedra [Amolanas, Ch] basic,<br />
barren intrusions into quartz porphyry | c. de<br />
peña [Col] horse | c. de tepetate horse<br />
cabecera nf headwaters of a river | summit of a<br />
hill or ridge | [Bol] a working in the upper part<br />
of a mine | de c. accross a vein<br />
cabeza nf [Méx] outcrop | [Col] upper part of a<br />
placer working | c. de ingenio stamp (in a mill)<br />
| c. de mina mine entrance | c. de moro a var of<br />
tourmaline<br />
cabezo nm reef, submerged rock<br />
cabezón nm rapids | boulder | eddy, whirlpool<br />
| [Col] point at which a current of water loses<br />
velocity such that material in suspension is<br />
deposited<br />
cabezuela nf [San Dimas, Méx] concentrates rich<br />
in gold and silver<br />
cablevía nf cableway, aerial tramway<br />
cabo nm cape<br />
cabuchón nm rough, unpolished ruby<br />
cabujón nm rough, unpolished ruby<br />
cachalonga nf variety of opal<br />
cachí nm [Bol] barite | [Potosí, Bol] siderite |<br />
[Pe] salt | [Chañarcillo, Ch] calcite<br />
cachimba nf [Arg] shallow well, spring | [Méx]<br />
miner's lamp<br />
cacholongo nm a var of opal<br />
cachuela nf rapids<br />
cadena nf chain | c. de Markov Markov chain | c.<br />
de montañas mountain chain | c. montañosa<br />
mountain chain<br />
cadenada nf [surv] length of one chain<br />
cadenear vtr [surv] to chain<br />
cadeneo nm [surv] chaining<br />
cadenero nm chainman | c. delantero head<br />
chainman | c. trasero rear chainman | c. zaguero<br />
[Arg] rear chainman<br />
cadmio nm cadmium<br />
caducación nf expiration of rights to a mining<br />
claim or lease<br />
caducar vtr to forfeit rights to mining claims or<br />
leases (generally by expiration)<br />
caducidad nf act of forfeiture to a mining claim<br />
or lease | expiration, lapse<br />
caduco,-ca adj expired, invalid<br />
caenozoico,-ca adj Cenozoic<br />
cagafierro nm slag, scoria<br />
caguacha nf residues of amalgam and mercury<br />
washed out of a mill<br />
caguachiri nm worker employed to collect<br />
caguachas<br />
caída nf fall, drop | [hyd] head | dip | slip, fall<br />
(of rock) | c. de agua waterfall<br />
caídos nmpl fallen or caved ground | fallen<br />
material<br />
caíman nm [Méx] ore chute<br />
cainozoico,-ca adj Cenozoic<br />
caja nf wall rock to a vein or deposit | thickness<br />
of a vein | [Ch] river bed | c. de esclusa sluice<br />
box | c. de extracción mine cage<br />
cajalarga nf [Bol] rock easily drilled<br />
cajón nm canyon, gorge, gully | narrow or box<br />
canyon | a measure of quantity of ore,<br />
generally weighing fifty quintales | [Col] clay at<br />
contact between coal and country rock<br />
cajonero nm worker who handles skips | [Méx]<br />
mouth of a shaft<br />
cal nf lime | c. de estaño cassiterite<br />
cala nf creek, cove, bight | test boring |<br />
exploration well | c. de prueba test boring<br />
calabrés,-esa adj Calabrian<br />
calabriano,-na adj Calabrian<br />
calabriense adj Calabrian<br />
calamaco nm [Méx] large piece of rock difficult<br />
to break up<br />
calamina nf calamine, smithsonite | [Pe]<br />
hydrozincite | [Pe] aurichalcite<br />
calamita nf magnetite, lodestone | siderite |<br />
compass needle | turquoise<br />
calar adj calcareous, lime | nm limestone quarry<br />
calar vtr to pierce, penetrate, perforate<br />
calca nf copy | c. heliográfico blueprint<br />
calcado nm tracing<br />
calcantita nf chalcanthite<br />
calcar vtr to trace, copy<br />
calcáreo,-rea adj calcareous, limey | nm<br />
limestone<br />
calcedonia nf chalcedony<br />
cálcico,-ca adj calcic, calcium<br />
calciesponja nf calcisponge
C-2<br />
calcífero,-ra adj calciferous<br />
calcificación nf calcification<br />
calcificar vtr to calcify<br />
calciforme adj cup-shaped<br />
calcilodita nf mudstone (Dunham classification)<br />
calcimétro nm calcimeter<br />
calcinación nf calcination<br />
calcinador nm calciner, roaster<br />
calcinar vtr to calcine, roast | vpr to calcine<br />
calcio nm calcium | c. clorurado calcium chloride<br />
calcioborita nf dreelite<br />
calco nm a tracing | cast | c. de carga load cast |<br />
c. de deslizamiento slide cast | c. de flujo flow cast<br />
| c. de roce bounce cast | c. espigado chevron<br />
mark<br />
calcocita nf chalcocite<br />
calcófilo nm calcophile<br />
calcografía nf chalcography<br />
calcógrafo nm chalcographer<br />
calcopirita nf chalcopyrite<br />
calcosfera nf chalcosphere<br />
calcosina nf chalcocite<br />
calcosita nf chalcocite<br />
calcotriquita nf chalcotrichite<br />
caldera nf caldera | crater of a volcano | winze<br />
| sump | c. vaporizadora de mercurio mercury<br />
boiler<br />
calderilla nf winze<br />
caldero nm cauldron | hundamiento en c.<br />
cauldron subsidence<br />
caledoniano,-na adj Caledonian<br />
calefacción nf heat, heating<br />
calefaccionar vtr to heat<br />
calentado,-da adj hot | c. al blanco white hot | c.<br />
al rojo red hot<br />
calentador nm [Río Tinto, Sp] a reverboratory<br />
furnace used to calcine ore<br />
calero,-ra adj calcareous, limestone | nm lime<br />
burner | operator of a lime pit | nf lime pit or<br />
deposit | limestone quarry | lime kiln<br />
calesa nf [Méx] ore bucket<br />
caleta nf creek, cove, inlet<br />
caleza nf [Méx] ore bucket<br />
calibita nf chalybite, siderite<br />
caliborita nf kaliborite<br />
calibración nf calibration | caliper logging<br />
calibrar vtr to calibrate | to guage, measure<br />
calibre nm caliper | c. micrométrico microcaliper<br />
calicanto nm [Chuquibamba, Pe] auriferous<br />
conglomerate<br />
calicata nf [Arg] test pit | bore, drill hole<br />
calichal nm [Bol] kaolin | [Méx] second class<br />
silver ore of 150 to 1000 ounces per ton silver<br />
caliche nm caliche | salpeter | [Pe, Ch] impure<br />
sodium nitrate | [Arg] cement to borate<br />
nodules found in swamps | [Uco, Pe] clayey<br />
soil above gold veins | [Ch] altered clay<br />
selvages to veins | [Durango, Méx] white,<br />
decomposed clay | [Méx] feldspar |<br />
[Guanajuato, Méx] travertine | [Col] recently<br />
discovered mineralized vein | [Col]<br />
decomposed calcareous quartz | c. negro [Cerro<br />
de Pasco, Pe] copper sulfides and<br />
sulfoarsenides<br />
calichera nf [Ch, Pe] deposit of caliche<br />
calichero,-ra adj relating to caliche<br />
calichoso,-sa adj calcareous | feldspathic<br />
cálido,-da adj hot, warm<br />
caliente adj warm, hot | [Méx] oxidized silver<br />
ore<br />
cáliz nm calyx | de c. calycal<br />
caliza nf limestone | c. carbonífera carboniferous<br />
limestone | c. cavernosa cavern limestone | c.<br />
conchífera fossiliferous limestine | c. coralina<br />
coral limestone | c. cristalna crystalline<br />
carbonate (Dunham classification) | marble | c.<br />
de agua dulce freshwater limestone | c. de arrecife<br />
reef limestone | c. feldespática arkosic limestone<br />
| c. fétida stinkstone | c. granular grainstone<br />
(Dunham classification) | c. hidráulica limestone<br />
that yields hydraulic lime in calcination | c.<br />
lodogranular packstone (Dunham classification)<br />
| c. lodosa wackestone (Dunham classification)<br />
| c. magnesiana dolostone | c. oolítica oolitic<br />
limestone | c. porosa porous limestone<br />
calizo,-za adj calcareous, lime<br />
calocar nm white clay<br />
calomelano nm calomel<br />
calón nm [Huelva, Sp] iron oxide-bearing<br />
sandstone and limestone<br />
calorescencía nf calorescence<br />
calor nm heat | c. blanco white heat | c. de<br />
hidraración heat of hydration | c. específico<br />
specific heat | c. latente de fusión latent heat of<br />
fusion | c. propio geothermal temperature | c.<br />
rojo red heat<br />
caloría nf calorie<br />
calórico,-ca adj caloric<br />
calorífero,-ra adj heat-producing, giving heat<br />
calorífico,-ca adj calorific<br />
calorimetría nf calorimetry<br />
calorimétrico,-ca adj calorimetric, calorimetrical<br />
calorímetro nm heat probe, calorimeter
C-3<br />
caloviano,-na adj Callovian<br />
caloviense adj Callovian<br />
caluma nf [Andes] pass, gap, gorge<br />
calvo,-va adj barren, desert<br />
callana nf [Pe] government refinery or mint<br />
calloviano,-na adj Callovian<br />
calloviense adj Callovian<br />
cama nf layer, bed, stratum | c. de roca bedrock<br />
camada nf bed, stratum, layer<br />
cámara nf chamber, room | ore shoot, chamber<br />
deposit | c. de minas chamber of mines | c.<br />
magmática magma reservoir<br />
cambio nm change, variation | c. de facies facies<br />
change | c. de naturaleza variation in<br />
sedimentary material | c. de nombre renaming |<br />
c. de potencia variation in thickness<br />
cambriano,-na adj Cambrian<br />
cámbrico,-ca adj Cambrian<br />
caminamiento nm [Ec] traversing<br />
camino nm [Bol] gallery, drift<br />
camión nf truck | c. de disparo shooting truck | c.<br />
de registro recording truck | c. de taladro drilling<br />
truck<br />
campamento nm camp, campground | c. minero<br />
mining camp<br />
campaña nf level country<br />
campaniano,-na adj Campanain<br />
campaniense adj Campanian<br />
campanil nm [Bilbao, Sp] hematite | [Sierra<br />
Nevada, Sp] siderite<br />
campilita nf campylite<br />
campista nf tributor, lessor<br />
campamiento minero nm mining camp<br />
campo nm field | mining camp | c. aurífero gold<br />
field | c. coercitivo coercive field | c. de cumbres<br />
| c. de kames kame field | c. de nieves firn field |<br />
c. de un microscopio field of view (microscope) |<br />
c. del petróleo oil field | c. gasífero gas field | c.<br />
magnético magnetic field | c. minero mining<br />
camp | c. petrolero oil field | c. productor<br />
producing field | c. raso flat, open country<br />
canal nm channel | flume, race, ground sluice |<br />
c. de erupción chimney, pipe<br />
canalado,-da adj grooved, fluted, corrugated<br />
canalización nf channelization<br />
canalón nm ground sluice<br />
cancagua nf [Ch] a stiff, sandy soil<br />
cancha nf ore bin | [Pe, Ch] mine dump | place<br />
near the entrance of a mine where ore was<br />
sorted by hand<br />
canchal nm rocky or stony place | [Méx]<br />
moraine<br />
canchamina nf [Ch] work area around a shaft or<br />
adit<br />
canchaminero nm [Ch] surface worker in a mine<br />
cancho nm large rock, boulder<br />
candencia nf incadescence<br />
candente adj incadescent, red-hot<br />
candil de minero nm miner's lamp<br />
canel nm [Sp] cannel coal<br />
caney nm small bay | [Col] river bend<br />
canga nf any red lateritic soil | iron-bearing<br />
laterite | [Arg, Bol] iron-bearing soil<br />
cangagua nf [Col] clay suitable for adobe bricks<br />
cangahua nf [Ec] hardpan<br />
cangalla nf tailings | [Ch] stolen ore<br />
cangalli nm [Tipuani, Bol] false bedrock of<br />
ferruginous quartz arenite that overlies goldbearing<br />
sand<br />
cangilón nm bucket | [Ec] mud hole | [PR]<br />
small waterfall | c. de arrastre dragline bucket<br />
cangrejero nm [Col] pockets of gold occuring in<br />
smaller veins or venillas<br />
canguilón nm [Ch] bucket<br />
canón nm royalty, tax | rate | c. bruto gross<br />
royalty | c. de adición overriding royalty | c. de<br />
cierre shut-in royalty | c. de compensación<br />
compensation royalty | c. del propietario fee<br />
royalty | c. de participación royalty interest | c.<br />
exento de cargos non-participating royalty | c.<br />
fijo fixed royalty | c. no vencido unaccrued<br />
royalty | c. sin gastos free ride<br />
cantal nm stone or pebble | spall | stony ground<br />
cántara nf a liquid measure equivalent to 13.16<br />
liters | [Durango, Méx] white, decomposed<br />
clay<br />
cántaro nm [Guadalcázar, Pe] retort for reducing<br />
mercury ores<br />
cantear vtr to cut stone<br />
cantera nf quarry | quarry stone, hewn stone,<br />
ashlar, freestone | [Vz] small veinlets of quartz<br />
detached from veins | c. de arena sand pit | c. de<br />
grava gravel pit | c. de préstamo borrow pit<br />
cantería nf quarry | quarrying, hewing of stone<br />
| freestone, ashlar, hewn stone | [Méx] tuff<br />
cantero nm stonemason | sum<br />
cantidad nf quantity, amount | c. de rotación<br />
amount or degree of rotation<br />
cantil nm cliff | shelf | cliff edge<br />
cantillo nm small stone, pebble<br />
cantizal nm stony ground<br />
canto nm edge or border | thickness | stone or<br />
pebble | boulder | fragment of flint | dressed<br />
stone | c. errático glacial erratic | c. grande
C-4<br />
cobble | c. rodado boulder, cobble, pebble | c.<br />
sin labrar rough ashlar | de c. edgewise, on edge<br />
cantorral nm stony ground<br />
canturrón nm [Col] manganese oxide<br />
caña nf gallery | c. de mina gallery | c. de volar<br />
blasting hole<br />
cañada nf valley, gorge, ravine | eroded river<br />
bank | the immediate drainage formed by a<br />
spring | [Arg] inlet, estuary | [Col, PR] stream<br />
cañadón nm canyon, gorge<br />
caño nm gallery (in a mine)<br />
cañón nm canyon | drift, gallery | c. submarino<br />
submarine canyon<br />
cañutillo nm [Col] fine emerald<br />
caolín nm kaolin, china clay<br />
caolínico,-ca adj kaolinic<br />
caolinita nf kaolinite, kaolin<br />
caolinización nf kaolinization<br />
capa nf bed, layer, seam, stratum | stratabound<br />
deposit | c. acuífera aquifer | c. barrera blocking<br />
layer | c. basal bottomset bed | c. cabalgante<br />
nappe | c. clave key bed | c. cobijante nappe | c.<br />
competente competent bed | c. de carbón coal<br />
seam | c. de filón beded vein | c. de hielo ice cap<br />
| c. de velocidad velocity bed | c. dorsal topset<br />
bed | c. freática acuifer | c. frontal foreset bed |<br />
c. fuselar fusellar layer | c. gasífera gas cap | c.<br />
ondulítico wave stratum | c. osífera bone bed | c.<br />
reflectora reflecting bed | c. roja red bed | c.<br />
superior topset bed | c. vegetal top soil | en capas<br />
layered, bedded<br />
capa-filón nm bedded vein<br />
capacidad nf capacity | c. electrica capacitance |<br />
c. térmica heat capacity<br />
capacho nm bucket | [Pe, Ch] rawhide bag for<br />
carrying ore of 2 to 4 arrobas capacity | c. de<br />
extracción mine bucket<br />
caparazón nm carapace | shell<br />
caparrosa nf melanterite | copperas | vitriol | c.<br />
amarillo copiapite | c. azul blue vitriol | c.<br />
blanda goslarite<br />
capataz nm foreman | c. de turno shift boss<br />
capilar adj capillary<br />
capilaridad nf capillarity<br />
capillo nm cupel<br />
capita nf band, small seam, thin layer<br />
capitán nm foreman | c. de la mita Spaniard or<br />
Creole in charge of the mita | c. de yanaconas<br />
person in charge of Indians permanantly<br />
dwelling in a mining center, as opposed to<br />
mitayos who lived elsewhere | c. enterador<br />
Indian in charge of his community's mitayos<br />
during their service<br />
caporal nm [Vz] foreman<br />
capote nm [Col] topsoil<br />
cápsula nf laboratory dish<br />
capotero,-ra adj shallow<br />
captación nf capture, piracy | c. en abanico arc<br />
shooting<br />
captura nf capture | c. de río river capture or<br />
piracy<br />
capuchón nm cap rock<br />
cara nf face | facet of a crystal | wall of a fissure<br />
| panel of stone in a quarry | c. de crucero<br />
cleavage face<br />
cárabe nm amber<br />
caraca nf [Col] thin layer of hard clay between<br />
bedrock and paydirt in placers<br />
caracol adj spiral<br />
carácter nm character | extent<br />
característica nf characteristic, feature<br />
caradociano,-na adj Caradocian<br />
caracociense adj Caradocian<br />
carámbano nm icicle<br />
caramero nm [Vz] flood debris<br />
carapacho nm carapace<br />
carbeno nm carbene<br />
carbón nm coal | carbon | charcoal | cinder |<br />
graphite | c. aglomerante coking coal | c.<br />
aglutinante coking coal | c. algal algal coal | c.<br />
almendrillo nut coal | c. antracitoso anthracite |<br />
c. bituminoso bituminous coal | c. brillante<br />
glance coal | c. candeloide cannel coal | c.<br />
conglomerante coking coal | c. craso coking coal<br />
| c. de algas boghead coal | c. de ampelita cannel<br />
coal | c. de astilla splint coal | c. de bujía cannel<br />
coal | c. de cok coking coal | c. de gas [Vz] gas<br />
carbon | c. de gaz cannel coal | c. de llama corta<br />
hard coal | c. de llama larga soft coal | c. de<br />
piedra coal | c. de piedra pasada coke | c. de<br />
retorta gas carbon | c. de tierra coal | c. entrozado<br />
[Méx] broken coal | c. fosíl coal | c. granado nut<br />
coal | c. graso coking coal | c. grueso large coal<br />
| c. lustroso pitch coal | c. magro non-coking<br />
coal | c. mate cannel coal | c. menudo small coal<br />
| c. mineral coal | [Pe] peat | c. no aglutinante<br />
non-coking coal | c. para calderas steam coal | c.<br />
pardo lignite | c. pezoso pitch coal | c. seco noncoking<br />
coal | c. semigraso semibituminous coal<br />
| c. tal como sale run-of-mine coal | c. vegetal<br />
charcoal<br />
carbonáceo,-cea adj carbonaceous<br />
carbonada nf load of coal
C-5<br />
carbonado nm black diamond, carbonado<br />
carbonar vtr to turn into charcoal, carbonize<br />
carbonato nm carbonate | [Sp] lead ore | c.<br />
cálcico calcium carbonate | c. de hierro siderite |<br />
c. de sodio soda | c. de sodio anhídrico soda ash |<br />
c. magnésico magnesite | c. plomizo cerussite<br />
carboncillo nm small coal, fine coal, slack | coal<br />
dust<br />
carbonear vtr to turn into charcoal, carbonize |<br />
to load coal<br />
carboneo nm charcoal making<br />
carbonera nf coal bin or bunker | coal mine<br />
carbonería nf coal mine | coal shed or yard<br />
carbonero,-ra adj coal | nm coal mine | coal<br />
merchant, coalman<br />
carbónico,-ca adj carbonic<br />
carbonífero,-ra adj carboniferous | coal-bearing<br />
carbonilla nf coal dust, fine coal, pulverized coal<br />
| cinder<br />
carbonización nf carbonization<br />
carbonizar vtr to carbonize | to burn | vpr to<br />
carbonize<br />
carbono nm carbon | c. orgánico organic carbon<br />
| carbono 14 carbon-14<br />
carbonoso,-sa adj carbonaceous<br />
carborundo nm corundum<br />
carburo nm carbide<br />
cárcamo nm drain (of a mine) | flume<br />
cárcava nf gully, ditch<br />
carcavón nm gorge<br />
carcomar vtr to erode, undermine | vpr to be<br />
undermined<br />
cardenilla nf [Batopilas, Méx] proustite<br />
cardenillo nm verdigris<br />
carear vtr to face (stone)<br />
carga nf load | loading | [hyd] head | [met]<br />
heat, charge | mule-load of 8 to 14 arrobas |<br />
man load of about 2 arrobas | duty, tax, charge<br />
| [Bol] altered rock useful as a guide to ore<br />
[Col] pebbles and cobbles found in placers |<br />
[Sandia, Pe] overburden on placers | c. de mula<br />
load of about 8 to 14 arrobas | c. del lecho bed<br />
load | c. disuelta dissolved load | c. mineral ore<br />
| c. suspendida suspended load<br />
cargado,-da adj loaded | heavy, dense<br />
cargamento nm load, shipment | cargo<br />
cargar vtr to load | to charge (a furnace) | v intr<br />
to load up<br />
cargo nm burden, loading | load of stone of<br />
about one third of a cubic meter | [Granada,<br />
Sp] one cubic vara<br />
carhua nf [Pe] pyrite<br />
carí adj lead grey<br />
cariado,-da adj rotten<br />
carmesí adj crimson | nm crimson<br />
carmín adj carmine, crimson | nm crimson |<br />
[Col] limonite<br />
carmineo,-nea adj carmine, crimson<br />
carnación nf flesh color<br />
carne de vaca nm [Bol, Pe] coarse galena ore<br />
(considered to be relatively poor in silver) |<br />
[Hualgáyoc, Pe] red amorphous sphalerite,<br />
phosphorescent on fracture<br />
carneola nf variety of chalcedony<br />
carniense nm Karnian<br />
carrancho nm [Col] altered granite carrying<br />
auriferous pyrite and free gold | shaley host<br />
rock in which gold veins are unproductive<br />
carranchoso,-sa adj [Col] rough, scaley, harsh<br />
carrascal nm [Méx] honeycombed quartz,<br />
usually barren<br />
carrera nf run | c. de la marea tidal range<br />
carretada nf cart or wagon load of 120 arrobas<br />
carretal nm [Sp] roughly dressed ashlar or<br />
rubble-stone<br />
carro nm car | c. calichero [Ch] nitrate car | c.<br />
carbonero coal car | c. de extracción mine car | c.<br />
salitrero [Ch] nitrate car<br />
carst nm karst<br />
carstenita nf karstenite, anhydrite<br />
cárstico,-ca adj karstic<br />
carstificación nf karstification<br />
carta nf map | chart | c. planialtimétrica [Arg]<br />
topographic map<br />
cartografía nf cartography | c. aérea aerial<br />
photosurveying<br />
cartografiar vtr to survey, make maps<br />
cartográfico,-ca adj cartographic<br />
cartógrafo nm cartographer<br />
cartoteca nf [Vz] map file<br />
casa nf house | c. de afinación assay office (an<br />
institution of the Royal Spanish Treasury | c.<br />
del apartado parting establishment<br />
casar metales vtr [Pe] to mix ores for<br />
amalgamation or smelting<br />
casarón nm large stope<br />
cascada nf waterfall, cascade| [Col] rapids | c.<br />
de diaclasa joint-plane waterfall | c. de glaciar<br />
glacierfall<br />
cascajal or cascajar nm gravel deposit | gravel<br />
pit<br />
cascajear vtr to extract gravel from a gravel pit |<br />
[Col] to clean out cobbles from a sluice
C-6<br />
cascajero nm gravel bed | worked-out mine |<br />
[Col] a previously worked placer that still<br />
contains gold<br />
cascajo nm gravel deposit | quarry waste | fine<br />
gravel | [Arg] cobbles | [Ch] coarse, goldbearing<br />
gravels | [Fr Guiana] deeply<br />
weathered rock | [Méx] waste rock | c. blando<br />
[Calamachi, Méx] talcose schist bedrock to<br />
placers | c. duro [Calamachi, Méx] slate which<br />
forms potholes in bedrock to placers |<br />
[Durango, Méx] iron-bearing quartz | [Pe]<br />
pockets of silver ore of large size | [El Caratal,<br />
Vz] decomposed schist forming bedrock to<br />
placers | altered diorite in the vicinity of veins<br />
cascajoso,-sa adj gravelly<br />
casco nm hard hat<br />
cascote nm rubble stone | waste | muck |<br />
[Arnao, Sp] screened coal 250 to 600 mm in size<br />
cárstico,-ca adj karst<br />
casimba nf well | spring | [Cu] sinkhole<br />
casíterita nf cassiterite<br />
casquete nm cap | c. de gas gas cap<br />
casquijo nm gravel | gravel bar<br />
castaña nf abandoned mine<br />
castaño,-ña adj chestnut brown | nm chestnut<br />
brown<br />
castellano nm an old Spanish coin | one-fiftieth<br />
part of a marco | [Méx] furnace used for lead<br />
smelting<br />
castigar vtr [Méx] to dress or smooth stone<br />
castillete nm headframe<br />
castillo nm headframe<br />
castina nf limestone flux<br />
castor nm petalite<br />
cata nf mine under litigation | mine of shallow<br />
depth | placer mine | prospecting pit, test pit |<br />
testing, boring, exploration | [Méx] subsidence<br />
cataclástico,-ca adj cataclastic<br />
catacorte nm [Col] prospecting pit or trench<br />
catadora nf earth auger<br />
catálisis nf catalysis<br />
catlítico,-ca adj catalytic<br />
catalizador,-dora adj catalytic | nm catalyst<br />
catalizar vtr to catalyze<br />
cataclasis nf cataclastic process<br />
cataclismo nm cataclysm<br />
catar vtr to explore, prospect, sample<br />
catarata nf cataract, waterfall<br />
cataroca nf [Arg] cataclastic rock<br />
catastral adj cadastral<br />
catastro nm official land register, cadastre |<br />
inventory or census of mining properties<br />
catastrófico,-ca adj catastrophic<br />
catastrofismo nm catastrophism<br />
catazona nf katazone<br />
cateado,-da adj prospected, explored<br />
cateador nm prospecter | sampler | prospecter's<br />
pick<br />
catear vtr to look for, search for | to prospect or<br />
explore a mine, deposit or property | to sample<br />
cateo nm prospecting, exploration | sampling<br />
cátodo nm cathode<br />
cauce nm river channel, river bed | ditch, trench<br />
| way, channel, course | c. inferior lower course<br />
(of a river) | c. superior upper course (of a river)<br />
caudal nm fortune, wealth | rate, discharge,<br />
volume of flow | c. afluente runoff, inflow | c.<br />
de avenida flood flow | c. de un río discharge of<br />
a river | c. sólido bed load<br />
caudaloso,-sa adj in full flood<br />
cava nf digging, ditch | pit, excavation | rill |<br />
[Reocín, Sp] cuts made in working calamine<br />
quarries<br />
cavadizo,-za adj easily excavated<br />
cavador nm digger, excavator<br />
cavadura nf digging<br />
cavar vtr to dig, excavate | to dig or sink a well<br />
| vintr to dig<br />
cavazón nm [Sp] digging, excavation<br />
caverna nf cavern, cave, hollow<br />
cavernario,-ria adj cave, cavern<br />
cavernoso,-sa adj cavernous, porous<br />
cavidad nf cavity, vug | c. de un filón vug or<br />
pocket in a vein<br />
cavitación nf cavitation<br />
cayo nm cay, small island | shoal<br />
caz nf flume, canal, race<br />
cazo nm vessel used for heating ore in the hot<br />
amalgamation process for silver ores<br />
cebar vtr [Méx] to smelt ore<br />
cebo nm [Méx] smelter charge | [Col] late calcite<br />
precipitated by groundwaters infiltrating veins<br />
ceca nf royal mint<br />
cedazo nm small hand sieve used in assaying<br />
celemín nm dry measure equivalent to two<br />
maquilas and one-twelth of a fanega<br />
celestina nf celestite<br />
célula nf cell | cellule<br />
celular adj celular<br />
cementación nf cementation | setting of casing |<br />
c. de fondo plug back<br />
cementado,-da adj cemented<br />
cementar vtr to cement
C-7<br />
cemento nm cement | c. artificial [Sp] Portland<br />
cement | c. puzolánico pozzulan cement<br />
cementoso,-sa adj cement-like<br />
cenagal nm swamp<br />
cenagoso,-sa adj swampy<br />
cendra nf paste of bone ash used to make cupels<br />
cendradilla nf [Méx] small reverberatory<br />
refining furnace<br />
ceniciento,-ta adj ashen, ashy color<br />
cenicilla nf [Méx] black earthy residue obtained<br />
in reducing mercury ores in a gallery furnace<br />
ceniza nf ash | c. de plomo litharge | c. de soda<br />
soda ash | c. volcánica cinder<br />
cenizo,-za adj ash colored<br />
cenizo-negro nm [Chañarcillo, Ch] transitional<br />
ore zone containing both silver chlorides and<br />
proustite-pyargyrite<br />
cenomaniano,-na adj Cenomanian<br />
cenomanense adj Cenomanian<br />
cenote nm [Yucatan, Méx] sinkhole<br />
cenozoico,-ca adj Cenozoic<br />
cental nm a measure of weight<br />
centellador nm scintillator, scintillometer<br />
centellómetro nm scintillator, scintillometer<br />
centenaja nf [Col] pothole (in a river)<br />
centiárea nm square meter, centare<br />
centígrado,-da adj centigrade<br />
centila nf percentile<br />
centigramo nm centigram<br />
centímetro nm centimeter<br />
centro nm center | height and depth | axis of a<br />
stream, etc.<br />
ceñido,-da adj [Méx] thinned out, narrowed<br />
ceolita nf zeolite<br />
cera nf wax | c. fósil or mineral natural parrafin,<br />
mineral wax<br />
cerámico,-ca adj ceramic<br />
cerargirita nf cerargyrite<br />
cerca adv near | c. del sol open pit | nf [Ch]<br />
bedrock<br />
céreo,-reaadj waxy, wax<br />
cerio nm cerium<br />
cernedor or cernidor nm screen, sieve<br />
cerner or cernir vtr to sift or sieve<br />
cerniduras nfpl screenings<br />
cero nm zero | c. absoluto absolute zero<br />
ceroso,-sa adj waxy, ceraceous<br />
cerracho nm [Huancavelica, Pe] smalls (granza)<br />
of mercury ore used as the top charge in the<br />
barba furnace<br />
cerrar vtr to close | to enclose | to shut-in (a<br />
well) | c. el trazado to close a survey<br />
cerrarse vpr to thin out, pinch out, as for a vein<br />
cerrazón nm [Col] part of a placer containing<br />
boulders<br />
cerril adj rough, uneven, hilly<br />
cerrillada nf range of low hills<br />
cerrillo nm hillock<br />
cerro nm hill (smaller than a pico but larger and<br />
steeper than a loma) | c. glaciarico kame<br />
cerro-mesa nm table mountain<br />
cerúleo,-lea adj cerulean, azure, deep blue<br />
cerusa nf cerussite<br />
cerusita nf cerussite<br />
cesio nm cesium<br />
cesión nf failure | c. de interés farm-out<br />
cianita nf kyanite<br />
cianizar vtr to cyanide<br />
cianuración nf cyanidation, cyaniding<br />
cianuro nm cyanide<br />
cibairo nm any blue or green copper mineral<br />
cíclico,-ca adj cyclic, cyclical<br />
ciclo nm cycle | c. de erosión erosional cycle | c.<br />
glaciar glacial fluctuation<br />
cielo nm sky | roof of a working | hanging wall<br />
| a c. abierto open pit<br />
ciénaga nf depression where water collects |<br />
swamp, bog | c. cárstica karst fen, karst swamp<br />
ciencia nf sceince | ciencias geológicas geological<br />
sciences<br />
cienegal nm [PR] swamp<br />
cieno nm mud | sludge<br />
científico,-ca adj scientific | nm/nf scientist<br />
cierre nm closure | shut-in | c. anticlinal<br />
anticlinal closure | c. del trazado [surv] closure<br />
cifra nf figure, number, numeral | quantity,<br />
amount | c. decimal digit<br />
cilíndrico,-ca adj cylindrical, cylindric<br />
cilindrio nm cylinder<br />
cima nf summit, top, height, peak, crest<br />
cimborrio nm dome | roof, cieling, hanging wall<br />
cimbrozano nm [Vz] earthquake<br />
cimento nm cement<br />
cimofana nf cymophane, chrysoberyl<br />
cinabarita nf [Sp] cinnabar<br />
cinabrio nm cinnabar | c. hepático hepatic<br />
cinnaber<br />
cinc nm zinc | c. rojo zincite<br />
cincel nm chisel | [Pe] large mass of native<br />
silver | c. del indio [Col] stone chisel used by<br />
natives for quarrying stone | c. de uñas [Sp]<br />
stone cutter's chisel<br />
cincelador nm stone cutter's chisel<br />
cincelar vtr to chisel
C-8<br />
cincelete nm graver, small chisel<br />
cincífero,-ra adj zinc-bearing, zinciferous<br />
cincita nf zincite<br />
cincha nf girth, cinch<br />
cinerita nf ash flow<br />
cinético,-ca adj kinetic | nf kinetics<br />
cinquero nm zinc worker<br />
cinta nf tape | measuring tape | band or layer of<br />
mineral in a vein | [Col] gold-bearing horizon<br />
in a placer | c. de agrimensor measuring tape |<br />
c. de bolsillo pocket tape | c. métrica measuring<br />
tape<br />
cintada nf [surv] tape length, tape measurement<br />
cintarrón nm [Col] layer of pay-dirt in a placer<br />
of unusual thickness<br />
cinteado,-da adj banded, ribboned | nf streak,<br />
band<br />
cintero nm [surv] tapeman | c. delatero head<br />
tapeman | c. trasero rear tapeman | c. zaguero<br />
[Arg] rear tapeman<br />
cintilómetro nm scintillator, scintillometer<br />
cinturón nm belt, zone | c. de cabalgamiento<br />
overthrust belt | c. morénico moraine belt<br />
circa nf [Ch] bed rock<br />
circar vtr [Bol] to mine selectively<br />
circo nm cirque, kar | c. glaciar cirque<br />
circón nm zircon<br />
circona nf zirconia<br />
circóico,-ca adj zirconic<br />
circonio nm zirconium<br />
circonita nf zirconite<br />
círculo nm circle | district | c. antártico antarctic<br />
circle | c. ártico arctic circle | c. de Mohr Mohr's<br />
circle | c. polar polar circle<br />
circunferencia nf circumference<br />
cisco nm broken coal | coal dust<br />
citrina nf citrine (a var of quartz)<br />
cizalla nf shear<br />
cizallar vtr to shear<br />
cizalleo nm shearing<br />
cizallimiento nm shearing<br />
ckajcheo nm irregular workings resulting from<br />
selective mining<br />
ckallar vtr to high grade a vein or deposit by<br />
mning selectively<br />
ckatata or ckatati nf [Bol] leather bag used to<br />
haul ore<br />
ckojta nf [Bol] miner's carbide lamp<br />
ckollpa nf [Bol] trona<br />
claro nm open space in a lode remaining after<br />
ore has been extracted<br />
clase nm class | grade | c. cristalina crystal class<br />
clasificable adj classifiable<br />
clasificación nf classification | sorting | order |<br />
c. de Dunham Dunham's classification of<br />
carbonate rocks<br />
clasificado,-da adj classified<br />
clasificador nm filing cabinet | classifier<br />
(milling)<br />
clasificar vtr to class, classify | to sort | to<br />
grade, class | to screen<br />
clástico,-ca adj clastic<br />
claustalita nf clausthalite<br />
clavada nf winze<br />
clavado,-da adj [Col] vertical<br />
clavaque nm pebbles of quartz crystal<br />
clavo nm bunch of ore | pay streak | rich ore<br />
shoot | chimney (of ore) | inclusion of igneous<br />
rock within sedimentary rock | [Col] piece of<br />
gold which cuts a pebble or cobble from one<br />
side to another<br />
cliachita nf bauxite, cliachite<br />
clinclasa nf clinoclase<br />
clinocloro nm clinochlore<br />
clinoeje nm clinoaxis<br />
clinómetro nm clinometer<br />
clivaje nm cleavage | c. de crenulación<br />
crenulation cleavage | c. de disyunción fracture<br />
cleavage | c. de estratificación bedding cleavage<br />
| c. de flujo flow cleavage | c. de fractura fracture<br />
cleavage | c. de lápis pencil cleavage | c. de<br />
micropliegue crenulation cleavage | c. de plano<br />
axil axial plane cleavage | c. de roca rock<br />
cleavage | c. de transposición slip cleavage | c.<br />
en abanico cleavage fan | c. espaciado spaced<br />
cleavage | c. paralelo bedding cleavage | c.<br />
pizarreño slatey cleavage | c. pizarroso slatey<br />
cleavage | c. verdadero slaty cleavage<br />
clizoglifo nm mud crack<br />
cloantita nf chloanthite<br />
clorato nm chloride<br />
clorhidrato nm hydrochloride<br />
clorhídrico,-ca adj hydrochloric<br />
clórico adj chloric<br />
clorita nf chlorite<br />
clorítico,-ca adj chlorite, chloritic<br />
cloritización nf chloritization<br />
cloritoide nf chlortoid<br />
cloro nm chlorine<br />
clorocalcita nf hydrophilite<br />
cloroespinela nf chlorospinel<br />
cloruro nm chloride | c. de cal chloride of lime |<br />
c. de sodio sodium chloride | c. sódico sodium<br />
chloride
C-9<br />
coacervación nf coacervation<br />
coalescencia nf coalescence, fusion<br />
cobáltico,-ca adj cobaltic<br />
cobaltífero,-ra adj cobalt-bearing, cobaltiferous<br />
cobaltina nf cobaltite<br />
cobalto nm cobalt | cobalt ore | c. arsenical<br />
smaltite | c. brillante cobaltite | c. fragmentado<br />
native arsenic | c. gris cobaltite, smaltite<br />
cobaltoso,-sa adj cobaltous<br />
cobertera nf platform cover<br />
cobertura nf cover, covering<br />
coblenciano,-na adj Coblenzian<br />
colbenciense adj Coblenzian<br />
cobijadura nf alluvium | [Arg] overthrust<br />
cobre nm copper | copper ore | c. abigarrado<br />
bornite | c. amarillo chalcopyrite | c. ampolloso<br />
blister copper | c. añilado covellite | c. azul<br />
azurite | c. bruto en plancha copper ingot | c. de<br />
acarreo drift copper | c. de cementación cement<br />
copper | c. del cátodo cathode copper | c. en<br />
plancha sheet copper | c. gris (antimonial)<br />
tetrahedrite | c. gris (arsenical) tennantite | c.<br />
gris argentífero freibergite | c. gris mercurial<br />
schwazite | c. hepático a var of chalcopyrite | c.<br />
índigo chalcocite | c. morado bornite | c. nativo<br />
native copper | c. negro blister copper |<br />
tenorite | c. piritoso chalcopyrite | c. piritoso<br />
hepático bornite | c. porfídico copper porphyry |<br />
c. rojo cuprite | c. roseta copper ingot | c. salino<br />
atacamite | c. silíceo crysocolla | c. sulfurado<br />
vidrioso chalcocite | c. sulfúreo chalcocite | c.<br />
verde malachite | c. vidrioso chalcocite | c. vírgen<br />
native copper | c. vítreo torbernite<br />
cobreño,-ña adj copper, with copper<br />
cobrizo,-za adj copper-bearing, cupriferous |<br />
copper-colored, coppery | nm [Méx] low-grade<br />
copper ore<br />
cocción nf roasting<br />
coceo nm [Méx] thrust<br />
cocer vtr to roast ore<br />
cocimento nm [Pe] boiling of ores | [Ch] method<br />
of treating nitrates<br />
cocinera nf [Zacatecas, Méx] rich part of a mine<br />
coco nm [Col] gold pan made from a cocanut<br />
shell<br />
cocolita nf coccolite<br />
cocolito nm coccolith<br />
cocha nf [Bol, Ec] lake, pond<br />
cochano nm [Vz] nugget<br />
cochino nm [met] pig<br />
cochiso nm [Pe] proustite, pyrargyrite<br />
cochizo nm pyrargyrite | [Bol, Pe] tetrahedrite |<br />
[Pe] stromeyerite | c. falso [Cerro de Pasco, Pe]<br />
bournonite<br />
cochura nf roasting<br />
codal adj one cubit long<br />
código nm code of laws | c. de carolina mining<br />
code for Potosí and the area under the<br />
authority of the viceroyalty of the Río de La<br />
Plata (essentially modern Bolivia) established<br />
in 1792 | c. de minas mining laws<br />
codo nm cubit<br />
coeficiente nm coefficient | c. de confianza<br />
confidence level | c. de correlación correlation<br />
coefficient | c. de determinación coefficient of<br />
determination | c. de elasticidad modulus of<br />
elasticity | c. de permeabilidad coefficient of<br />
permeability | c. de productividad productivity<br />
index | c. de variación coefficient of variation<br />
cogollo nm upper part | c. de la cinta [Col]<br />
upper part of the pay zone in a placer | c. del<br />
hilo [Col] upper part of a vein | c. de las vetas<br />
outcrop of a vein<br />
coherencia nf coherence<br />
cok nm coke | c. de petróleo petroleum coke | c.<br />
de retorta gas coke | c. para altos hornos blast<br />
furnace coke<br />
cola nf tail | [Méx] part of a vein that<br />
terminates with depth | nfpl tailings<br />
colada nf flow (of lava) | melt | filtering | c. de<br />
lava lava flow<br />
coladero nm winze, ore pass, ore chute<br />
colador nm strainer | c. de lodo shale shaker | c.<br />
vibratorio shale shaker, mud screen<br />
coladura nf straining, filtering<br />
colagón nm [Méx] conduit, canal<br />
colar vtr to cast metal | [Méx] to sink a shaft<br />
colarse vpr to seep, percolate<br />
colatidud nf colatitude<br />
colección nf collection<br />
colector nm collector | c. de gas gas trap<br />
colgado,-da adj suspended, hung | [Bol] said of<br />
a mine working which encounters an already<br />
worked area<br />
colgante adj hanging, suspended<br />
colgar vtr [Col] to use natural drainage to work<br />
a placer<br />
colicuación nf smelting<br />
colillas nfpl tailings<br />
colimación nf collimation<br />
colimador nm collimator<br />
colina nf ridge, hill | hillock | c. de presión<br />
pressure ridge
C-10<br />
colindante adj adjacent<br />
colmado,-da adj piled in heaps<br />
colmarse vpr to fill up<br />
colmatación nf filling | [Arg] silting up<br />
colmataje nm filling<br />
colmo nm height, summit<br />
colocar vtr to arrange or place, locate, set<br />
colofonita nf collophane<br />
colófano nf collophane<br />
coloformo,-ma adj colloform<br />
coloidal adj colloidal<br />
coloide adj/nm colloid<br />
coloideo,-dea adj colloid, colloidal<br />
colomillo nm [Col] protruding rocks in the<br />
bedrock of a river or placer<br />
color nm trace or color of gold | rock stained by<br />
mineral<br />
colorante nm coloring material<br />
colorado,-da adj red | nf [Topia, Méx] rusty<br />
orange staining of propylitized andesite due to<br />
weathering of pyrite | nm red | [Méx] gossan<br />
| [Pe, Ch] oxidized silver ores colored by<br />
copper | nmpl silver ore with high iron oxide<br />
content<br />
coloreado,-da adj colored<br />
colpa nf copperas | [Pe] a silver ore<br />
colqueruna nm Indian who obtained exemption<br />
from the mita by paying a fee to his caquique<br />
colqui nm [Bol, Pe] silver<br />
columna nf pipe or column of rock or ore | c. de<br />
brecha breccia pipe | c. de petróleo oil column |<br />
c. de sondeo drill string<br />
columnar adj columnar<br />
coluvial adj colluvial<br />
coluvión nf colluvium<br />
collado nm saddle, gap, pass | hill<br />
collpa nf [Bol, Pe] nitrate, trona<br />
comarca nf territory, district, region | border,<br />
boundary, limit | study area | c. minera mining<br />
district<br />
comba nf bulge<br />
combar vtr to bend, curve or warp<br />
combersa nf [Arg] valley<br />
combinación nf combination, compound |<br />
commingling | permutation<br />
combo nm [Bol] sledge hammer<br />
combustible adj combustible | nm fuel,<br />
combustible | fuel oil | c. líquido liquid fuel<br />
combustión nf combustion | c. in situ in situ<br />
combustion<br />
combustóleo nm fuel oil<br />
comercialización nf marketing<br />
comerse los pilares vpr [Méx] to rob pillars<br />
comillo nm reverberatory furnace<br />
comisión nf [Col] party | c. de estudios [Col]<br />
survey party<br />
comisura nf corner | c. estratigráfica bedding<br />
plane<br />
compacidad nf [PR, Vz] compaction,<br />
compactedness<br />
compactación adj compaction, compacting,<br />
consolidating<br />
compacto,-ta adj compact, dense<br />
compañía nf company | La C. [Pe] Cerro de<br />
Pasco Corporation<br />
compás nm compass (for drawing) | compass<br />
(for navigation) | c. de división dividers<br />
compensación nf adjustment, compensation | c.<br />
de la brújula compass compensation<br />
compensar vtr to adjust | c. la aguja adjust a<br />
compass needle<br />
competencia nf competence<br />
competente adj competent<br />
complejo nm complex | c. basal basement<br />
complex | c. de base basement complex | c.<br />
fundamental basal complex | c. volcánico<br />
volcanic complex<br />
componente nm constituent, component<br />
composición nf composition<br />
comportamiento nm behavior | c. geoquímico<br />
geochemical behavior<br />
compresibilidad nf compressibility<br />
compresible adj compressible<br />
compresión nf compression | c. isotermica<br />
isothermal compression<br />
compresivo,-va adj compresive<br />
compreso,-sa adj compressed<br />
comprimible adj compressible<br />
comprimido,-da adj compressed<br />
comprimir vtr to compress | v,pr to be<br />
compressed<br />
compuesto,-ta adj compound | nm compound<br />
computador nm computer<br />
computadora nf computer<br />
computar vtr to compute, calculate<br />
cómputo nm computation, calculation<br />
común adj common, ordinary, average | nm ore<br />
of average grade<br />
comunicación nf [Bol] drift that connects two<br />
section of a mine | intersection of a raise or<br />
winze with a gallery<br />
concavidad nf concavity<br />
cóncavo,-va adj concave | nf cavity, hollow<br />
cóncavoconvexo,-xa adj concavo-convex
C-11<br />
concentración nf concentration | c. en seco dry<br />
concentration<br />
concentrado,-da adj concentrated | nm<br />
concentrate<br />
concentrador nm concentrator<br />
concentrar vtr to concentrate<br />
concentricidad nf concentricity<br />
concéntrico,-ca adj concentric<br />
concesión nf concession, grant | c. comunitaria<br />
community lease | c. de tiro shooting lease<br />
concesionar vtr to grant a concession<br />
concesionario nm holder of a concession,<br />
licensee, grantee<br />
concoide adj conchoidal<br />
concoideo,-dea adj conchoidal<br />
concordancia nf conformity<br />
concordante adj concordant, conformable<br />
concreción nf concretion | c. calcárea calcareous<br />
sinter | c. esferoidal spheroid concretion<br />
concrecionado nm deposit formed by chemical<br />
precipitation<br />
concrecionar vtr to sinter<br />
concrecional adj concretionary<br />
concha nf shell | test (microfossil)<br />
conchífero adj shell-bearing | nm [Méx] shellbearing<br />
limestone<br />
conchilla nf [Arg] shell<br />
conchudo,-da adj shelly, shaly<br />
cónchula nf [Arg] test (microfossil)<br />
condensación nf condensation<br />
condensado nm condensate | c. retrogrado<br />
retrograde condensate<br />
condensar vtr to condense<br />
cóndrita nf chondrite<br />
conducción nf conduction | c. de calor thermal<br />
conduction<br />
conductancia nf conductance<br />
conductibilidad nf conductivity<br />
conductible adj conductive<br />
conductividad nf conductivity<br />
conductivo,-va adj conductive<br />
conducto nm vent or pipe of a volcano |<br />
channel, lava channel | conduit | c. volcánico<br />
volcanic vent<br />
conexión adj connection, linkage<br />
confección nf drawing up, making up | c. de<br />
mapas mapping<br />
configuración nf pattern, array, configuration |<br />
c. de afloraminetos outcrop pattern | c. de<br />
diaclasas joint pattern | c. dendritica dendritic<br />
pattern | c. en reja trellis pattern | c. lee lee<br />
configuration | c. radial radial pattern | c.<br />
rectangular rectangular pattern | c. Wenner<br />
Wenner array<br />
confitillo nm [Méx] pea gravel, peastone<br />
conflación nf smelting<br />
confluencia nf confluence, concourse, or<br />
meeting of two rivers, etc. | junction | c. de<br />
glaciares glacial confluence<br />
confluente adj confluent, tributary | nm<br />
confluence, concourse (of rivers)<br />
confluir vtr to converge, meet, come together<br />
congelado,-da adj frozen<br />
congelar vtr to freeze, congeal | vpr to freeze,<br />
congeal<br />
congelo nm [Ch] lowest layer of caliche<br />
consisting of selenite, sand, sulphates and<br />
chlorides<br />
conglomerádico,-ca adj [Arg] conglomeritic,<br />
conglomerate<br />
conglomerado,-da adj conglomerate | nm<br />
conglomerate | c. aurífero gold placer | c. de<br />
boleos boulder conglomerate | c. de chinos<br />
cobble conglomerate | c. de fallas fault<br />
conglomerate | c. de granito [Arg] granolithic<br />
conglomerate | c. de peñas [Vz] cobble<br />
conglomerate | c. de peñones [Vz] boulder<br />
conglomerate | c. de trituración crush<br />
conglomerate | c. fundamental basal<br />
conglomerate | c. rojo [Méx] conglomerate<br />
cemented by red, iron-bearing clay<br />
conglomerante nm binding material<br />
conglomerar vtr to conglomerate | vpr to<br />
conglomerate<br />
conglomerático,-ca adj conglomeratic<br />
conglutinado,-da adj conglutinated<br />
conglutinarse vpr to coalesce, coagulate, cake<br />
congo nm [Col] pebbles or fragments of iron ore<br />
found in placers | iron oxide found in veins |<br />
sphalerite<br />
congosto nm pass | canyon, gorge<br />
congruente adj congruent<br />
congruo,-rua adj congruent<br />
coniaciano,-na adj Coniacian<br />
coniaciense nm Coniacian<br />
conicidad nf taper | conicity<br />
cónico,-ca adj conical | conic (projection) | nf<br />
conic section<br />
conificación nf water coning<br />
coniforme adj cone shaped<br />
conileno nm conylene<br />
conjugado,-da adj conjugate<br />
conjunción nf conjunction
C-12<br />
conjunto nm suite | assemblage | c. de estratos<br />
sedimentary complex<br />
cono nm cone | c. acandilado spatter or drip cone<br />
| c. adventicio adventive cone, parasitic cone | c.<br />
aluvial alluvial fan | c. compuesto compound<br />
cone | c. de agua water coning | c. de cenizas<br />
cinder cone | c. de deyección alluvial fan | c. de<br />
erupción eruption cone | c. de lava lava cone,<br />
shield volcano | c. parásito parasite cone | c.<br />
piroclástico pyroclastic cone<br />
conodonto nm conodont<br />
conoide nm conoid<br />
conquilífero,-ra adj [Sp] containing shells<br />
consecuente adj consequent<br />
consolidación nf consolidation<br />
consolidado,-da adj consolidated<br />
consolidar vtr to consolidate, compact | sin c.<br />
unconsolidated<br />
consolidarse vpr to settle, become compact<br />
constante nm constant | c. de gravitación<br />
gravitational constast |<br />
constricción nf constriction<br />
consumido nm [Méx] mercury used in the patio<br />
process of amalgamation of silver ores;<br />
Colonial silver miners, when registering their<br />
silver production with the Royal Treasury,<br />
were issued an amount of mercury (consumido)<br />
equivalent to the amount reckoned to have<br />
been consumed in producing the registered<br />
silver<br />
contacto nm contact | c. de transición gradational<br />
contact | c. gradual gradational contact | c. neto<br />
sharp contact | c. pronunciado sharp contact | c.<br />
sedimentario sedimentary contact | c. tectónico<br />
tectonic contact<br />
contador nm counter | c. central center counter |<br />
c. de altura altimeter | c. geiger geiger counter |<br />
c. proporcional proportional counter<br />
contar vtr to count<br />
contemporáneo,-nea adj contemporaneous<br />
contenido nm concentration, grade | content<br />
contextura nf structure and texture | c. ofítica<br />
ophitic texture<br />
continental adj continental<br />
continente adj containing | nm continent<br />
contingente nm share, quota, allowable | c. de<br />
producción provisional temporary allowable<br />
contornar or contornear vtr to sketch or trace the<br />
outline of | to skirt, pass around<br />
contorno nm outline, contour | periphery | c.<br />
estructural structural contour<br />
contracañon nm [Méx] gallery driven into the<br />
footwall side of a vein<br />
contracción nf contraction, shrinking<br />
contracielo nm [Méx] raise, upraise | c. de acceso<br />
manway raise | c. escalonado stope raise | c.<br />
piloto pilot raise | c. ramal branch or cutout<br />
raise<br />
contraconducto nm counterchute<br />
contracorriente nf countercurrent, eddy, reverse<br />
current | a c. upstream<br />
contraerse vpr to contract, shrink<br />
contrafilón nm countervein, counterlode<br />
contraflujo nm countercurrent, eddy<br />
contramina nf a tunnel connection two mines<br />
contrapresión nf back pressure<br />
contrastar vtr to assay coins, gold, silver etc.<br />
contraste nm assay<br />
contrata nf [Pe] a system of debt servitude in<br />
mining in the 19th century which later evolved<br />
into a bonifide system of contract labor<br />
contrato nm contract | c. de avío credit for<br />
working a mine | c. de reembolso bottom hole<br />
contract | c. llave en mano turnkey contract<br />
contravena nf countervein<br />
contraveta nf countervein<br />
convección nf convection<br />
convergencia nf convergence | c. en ley<br />
convergence in distribution or law | c. en<br />
probabilidad convergence in probability<br />
convergente adj convergent, converging<br />
convexidad nf convexity<br />
convexo,-xa adj convex<br />
convolución nf convolution<br />
coordenada nf coordinate | c. cartesiana<br />
Cartesian coordinate | c. de simetría cinemática<br />
kinematic symmetry cleavage | c. de simetría de<br />
pliegue fold symmetry cleavage | c. estructural<br />
fabric symmetry cleavage | c. tecto-textural de<br />
simetría fabric symmetry cleavage<br />
copal nm copalite, mineral resin | c. de congo<br />
congo copal<br />
copalillo nm [Batopilas, Méx] sphalerite |<br />
[Zacatecas, Méx] cerussite<br />
copaquira nf copper or nickel sulfate,<br />
melanterite<br />
copela nf cupel<br />
copelación nf cupellation<br />
copelar vtr to assay by cupellation, cupel<br />
copete nm crest<br />
copey nm [Ec] bitumen<br />
coprogéno,-na adj coprogenic<br />
coprolito nm coprolite
C-13<br />
coque nm coke | c. amorfo amorphous coke | c.<br />
de petróleo petroleum coke | c. de retorta gas<br />
coke<br />
coquería nf coking plant<br />
coquificación nf coking<br />
coquificar vtr to coke<br />
coquización nf coking<br />
coquizar vtr to coke<br />
coraliano,-na adj Corallian<br />
corálico,-ca adj [Vz] coral<br />
coraliense adj Corallian<br />
coralífero,-ra adj coraliferous<br />
coraliforme adj coraliform<br />
coralígeno,-na adj coral<br />
coralino,-na adj coraline, coral-red<br />
cordado,-da adj ropey<br />
cordel nm a measure of length | a measure of<br />
area<br />
cordillera nf mountain range | c. divisoria divide<br />
cordón nm [Arg, Ch] mountain chain | c. de<br />
cerros range of hills | c. estratigráfico shoestring<br />
sand<br />
cori nm [Bol, Pe] gold<br />
cori-bronce nm [Potosí, Bol] chalcopyrite<br />
corindón nm corundum<br />
cornalina nf cornelian chalcedony<br />
cornamusa nf [Pe] earthen retort<br />
corneana nf hornfels<br />
cornelina nf cornelian chalcedony<br />
córneo,-ea adj horny<br />
cornerina nf cornelian chalcedony | onyx<br />
cornubianita nf hornblende<br />
coro-coro nm [Bol] native copper<br />
corona nf rim | c. albítica albitic rim<br />
coronación nf crest<br />
coronamiento nm crest, top<br />
corral nm a land measure of 5.857 hectares<br />
correción nf correction | c. de bouguer bouguer<br />
correction | c. estática static correction<br />
corredero nm [Col] ancient, abandoned river bed<br />
corredura nf flow, overflow<br />
corregir vtr to correct, adjust (instruments)<br />
correlación nf correlation | c. de los rangos rank<br />
correlation | c. ilusoria false correlation | c.<br />
lineal linear correlation | c. múltiple multiple<br />
correlation | c. parcial partial correlation | c.<br />
serial serial correlation<br />
correlograma nm correlogram<br />
correntada nf current (of a river, etc.)<br />
corrental nm current (of a river, etc.)<br />
correr vtr to run or flow, as for rivers, etc. | to<br />
run a survey | c. una línea [surv] to run a line |<br />
c. niveles [surv] to run levels<br />
correspondencia nf ratio of mercury consumed<br />
to silver produced in the patio process of<br />
amalgamation of silver ore<br />
correspondido nm ratio of mercury consumed to<br />
silver produced in the patio process of<br />
amalgamation of silver ore<br />
corrido,-da adj continuous | lineal, running | nf<br />
run, travel | strike of a vein | [surv] a run of<br />
levels | [Bol] drift, float | [Ch] coutcrop | nf<br />
[Bol] drift which follows the course of a vein<br />
corriente adj running, flowing | nf current |<br />
stream, flow | course of a river | c. abajo<br />
upstream | c. arriba upstream | c. cataclinal<br />
cataclinal stream | c. de conveción convection<br />
current | c. de densidad density current | c. de<br />
remolino [Arg] eddy current | c. de rompiente rip<br />
current | c. de turbeidad turbidity current | c. de<br />
turbidez turbidity current | c. efluyente effluent<br />
stream | c. fluvial stream | c. freática subsurface<br />
flow c. litoral longshore current | c.<br />
sedimentadora aggrading stream | c. turbia<br />
turbidity current<br />
corrimiento nm landslide, sliding | overthrust |<br />
c. aparente apparent slip | c. horizontal<br />
horizontal thrust<br />
corromperse vpr to decompose<br />
corrosivo,-va adj corrosive<br />
corroyente adj corrosive, abrasive<br />
corrugación nf corrugation | c. intraformacional<br />
intraformational corrugation<br />
corrugado,-da adj corrugated<br />
cortada nm cut or working<br />
cortafierro nm cold chisel<br />
cortafrío nm cold chisel<br />
cortahierro nm cold chisel<br />
cortanúcleos nmpl core bit, core drill<br />
cortar vtr to cut | c. alturas to trench a vein at<br />
the surface, stoping downwards as far as<br />
practical | c. sogas to abandon a mine<br />
cortarse vpr to be cut off, as for a vein<br />
cortaveta nf [Bol] drift which intersects a vein at<br />
an angle<br />
corte nm cut off | cutting | working face, cut |<br />
section | cut or opening to an ore deposit or<br />
mine | stope | [Col] surface workings of a<br />
placer | c. de pozo drill cutting | c. de préstamo<br />
borrow pit | c. de roca thin section | c. geológico<br />
geologic cross-section | c. tranversal cross<br />
section | c. y relleno cut and fill
C-14<br />
corteza nf crust | c. helada permanente permafrost<br />
| c. terrestre earth's crust<br />
corundo nm corundum<br />
corvadura nf curvature<br />
cosedimentación nf cosedimentation<br />
cosolete nm escutcheon<br />
coseno nm cosine<br />
costa nf coast, shore | c. acantillada steep coast |<br />
c. alta mountain coast | c. de emersión<br />
emergence coast | c. de sumersión submergence<br />
coast | c. playa low coast<br />
costado nm side of a pit, tunnel or shaft<br />
costal nm [Méx] ore-sack of 150 pound capacity<br />
costalera nf ore-sacks (collectively)<br />
costanero,-ra adj coastal | nf slope<br />
coste nm cost | c. de extracción extraction cost,<br />
lifting cost | c. de taponamiento plug-back cost |<br />
c. intangible intangible cost<br />
costeable adj [Méx] workable at a profit, payable<br />
costeño,-ña adj coastal<br />
costero,-ra adj coastal, nearshore<br />
costero nm side of a mineral deposit<br />
costra nf crust, scale | slag | [Ch] conglomerate<br />
that overlies caliche<br />
costroso,-sa adj scaley<br />
cota nf altitude, elevation | c. de altura elevation<br />
| c. de comparación datum | c. de nivel elevation<br />
| c. de referencia bench mark, datum<br />
cotación nf elevation<br />
coto nm boundary marker | c. minero group of<br />
mines<br />
covacha nf small cave<br />
covadera nf guano deposit<br />
covarianca nf covariance<br />
covelina nf covellite<br />
coyote nm working area during block caving<br />
cracoiano,-na adj Cracoian<br />
cracoiense adj Cracoian<br />
craquear vtr [Arg] to crack (petroleum)<br />
craqueo nm [Arg] cracking | c. al vapor steam<br />
cracking | c. catalítico catalytic cracking | c.<br />
térmico thermal cracking<br />
cráter nm crater of a volcano | c. adventicio<br />
adventive crater | c. de explosión explosion<br />
crater | c. de meteorito meteor crater | c.<br />
inundado maar | c. parásito or parasítico parasitic<br />
crater<br />
cratógeno nm craton<br />
crece nm [Ch] flood<br />
crecer vtr to rise, swell (river) | to increase<br />
crecido,-da adj in flood | nf flood<br />
creciente nm flood, rise | c. de la marea flood tide<br />
crecimiento nm flooding, rising | growth | c.<br />
exponencial exponential growth | c. lineal linear<br />
growth | c. logístico logistic growth<br />
crema nf cream (color)<br />
crenulado,-da adj crenulate, crenulated<br />
cresta nf crest | c. de gas gas cap | c. dentada<br />
hogback | c. divisadora divide | c. monoclinal<br />
hogback<br />
crestería nf hogback, ridge | watershed line<br />
crestón nm outcrop | outcrop of a vein or<br />
deposit | crest<br />
creta nf chalk<br />
cretáceo,-cea adj Cretacous<br />
cretácico,-ca adj Cretacous<br />
cretoso,-sa adj chalky<br />
criadero nm ore deposit, vein, seam or shoot |<br />
genesis of ore deposits | [Ch] matrix | [Col]<br />
gold found in the heads of streams | [Méx]<br />
chamber deposit | c. bolsada irregular deposit |<br />
c. de contacto contact metasomatic or skarn<br />
deposit | c. de petróleo oil pool | c. detrítico<br />
alluvial deposit | c. en árbol deposit that<br />
branches like a tree | c. en capa stratiform<br />
deposit | c. en filón veins of considerable extent<br />
| c. en veta vein deposit | c. en manto bedded<br />
vein deposit | c. en masa irregular deposit | c.<br />
en saca irregular, sack-like deposit | c.<br />
engabarrado disseminated deposit | c. irregular<br />
irregular deposit | c. en riñones small, irregular<br />
deposits<br />
criba nf screen, grizzly, riddle | c. hidráulica jig,<br />
jigging table<br />
cribado,-da adj cribate, cribiform | jigged,<br />
concentrated on a jigging table | nm sieving,<br />
sifting, screening | nm screening | [Sevilla, Sp]<br />
screened coal 30 to 100 mm in size<br />
cribador,-ora adj sieving, sifting, screening | nm<br />
ore screen | siever, sifter, screener<br />
cribadura nm sieving, screening or jigging of ore<br />
cribar vtr to screen, sieve, jig or sift<br />
cribón nm grizzly<br />
criboso,-sa adj cribate, cribiform<br />
crinoide nm crinoid<br />
crioconito nm cryoconite<br />
criógeno,-na adj cryogene<br />
criptoclástico,-ca adj cryptoclastice<br />
criptocristalino,-na adj cryptocrystalline<br />
criptógeno,-na adj cryptic<br />
criptomagmático,-ca adj cryptomagmatic<br />
criptómera nf cryptomere, aphanitic rock<br />
criptón nm krypton<br />
criptovolcánico,-ca adj cryptovolcanic
C-15<br />
crisoberilo nm chrysoberyl<br />
crisócola nf chrysocolla | borax<br />
crisol nm assay or smelting crucible | hearth (of<br />
a furnace)<br />
crisolada nf charge of a crucible<br />
crisólita nf chrysolite<br />
crisólito nm chrysolite<br />
crisoprasa nf chrysoprase<br />
crisótilo nm chrysotile<br />
cristabalita nf cristabolite<br />
cristal nm crystal | c. de roca rock crystal | c.<br />
mineral dissolved salt<br />
cristalillo nm hyaline quartz | crystallized salts<br />
cristalinidad adj crystallinity<br />
cristalino,-na adj crystalline<br />
cristalito nm crystallite<br />
cristalización nf crystallization<br />
cristalizador,-dora adj crystallizing<br />
cristalizante adj crystallizing<br />
cristalizar vtr/intr/pr to crystallize<br />
cristaloblastasis nf crystalloblastesis<br />
cristaloblástico,-ca adj crystalloblastic<br />
cristalofísica nf crystal physics<br />
cristalografía nf crystallography<br />
cristalográfico,-ca adj crystallographic<br />
cristaloide adj/nm crystalloid<br />
cristaloideo,-dea adj crystalloidal<br />
cristalóptica nf crystal optics<br />
criterio nm criteria | c. de rechazo rejection<br />
criteria<br />
crocoísa nf crocoite<br />
crocoisita nf crocoite<br />
cromato nm chromate | c. de hierro chromite<br />
crómico,-ca adj chromic, chrome-bearing<br />
cromita nf chromite (ore)<br />
cromito nm chromite (chemical)<br />
cromo nm chromium, chrome<br />
cromocre nm chrome ocher<br />
cromoferrita nf chromite<br />
cromo nm chrome<br />
cronoestratigráfico,-ca adj chronostratigraphic<br />
cronología nf chronology<br />
cronológico,-ca adj chronological<br />
croquis nm sketch | rough draft<br />
cruce nm [Bol] intersection of two galleries or<br />
drifts<br />
crucero nm jointing | cleavage | [Bol]<br />
intersection of two galleries or drifts | c.<br />
astilloso pencil cleavage | c. básico basal<br />
cleavage | c. de intersección pencil cleavage | c.<br />
de plano axil axial plane cleavage | c. de roca<br />
cleavage, rock cleavage | c. en abanico cleavage<br />
fan | c. espaciado spaced cleavage | c. ondulado<br />
crenulation cleavage | c. pizarroso slaty<br />
cleavage | c. verdadero slaty cleavage<br />
cruciforme adj cruciform<br />
crudo,-da adj crude, untreated | hard (water) |<br />
nm crude oil | c. de equidad equity crude | c.<br />
dulce sweet crude<br />
cruzado,-da adj crossed or cut by another | nf<br />
crosscut<br />
cruzador nm cross vein<br />
crudeza nf hardness (of water)<br />
cruz nf intersection of veins<br />
cruzamiento nm crosscutting of veins<br />
cruzante nm vein that cuts another<br />
cruzar vtr to cross, cut or traverse<br />
cuaderno nm field book, notebook | c. de<br />
nivelación level book<br />
cuadra nf a measure of length of one quarter of a<br />
mile<br />
cuadrado,-da adj square | nm square | c. latino<br />
Latin square | c. medio mean square<br />
cuadrángulo nm quadrangle<br />
cuadrante nm quadrant (of a circle)<br />
cuadrático,-ca adj quadratic<br />
cuadrícula nf grid, cross ruling<br />
cuadriculado,-da adj grid, in squares | nm grid,<br />
cross ruling<br />
cuadricular vtr to grid<br />
cuadrilla nf gang, party, crew | c. de perforación<br />
drilling crew<br />
cuadrivalente adj quadrivalent<br />
cuadro nm table | shaft | c. periódico periodic<br />
table<br />
cuajado nm [Méx] silver-bearing lead ore<br />
cuajar vtr to evaporate brine<br />
cuajarse vpr to coagulate, cake<br />
cuaje nm total evaporation of brine<br />
cualitativo,-va adj qualitative<br />
cuántico,-ca adj quantum, quantic<br />
cuantificación nf quantification<br />
cuantificar vtr to quantify | to quantize<br />
cuantila nf quantile<br />
cuantitativo,-va adj quantitative<br />
cuanto nm quantum<br />
cuarache nm [Guanajuato, Méx] clay selvage<br />
around a vein<br />
cuarcífero,-ra adj quartz-bearing, quartziferous<br />
cuarcita nf quartzite | c. feldespática arkosite<br />
cuarcítico,-ca adj quartzitic<br />
cuarta nf fourth | quadrant | a linear measure of<br />
one fourth of a vara<br />
cuarteadura nf crack, split, fissure
C-16<br />
cuartear vtr to break rock with a sledge hammer<br />
| to<br />
quarter | to crack | vpr to crack, split<br />
cuarteo nm crack, fissure | splitting, dividing<br />
into parts | [Méx] piecework<br />
cuarterón nm [Méx] a liquid measure of 25 liters<br />
cuarteta nf [Ch] a measure of area<br />
cuartila nf quartile<br />
cuartilla nf one fourth of an arroba, one-sixteenth<br />
of a quintal<br />
cuartillo nm a measure of volume of one fourth<br />
of a fanega or real<br />
cuartón nm boulder | [Méx] flagstone<br />
cuarzo nm quartz | c. ahumado smokey quartz |<br />
c. alfa alpha quartz | c. amarillo cairngorm stone<br />
| c. bastardo bull quartz | c. beta beta quartz | c.<br />
cariado rotten quartz | c. citrino topaz | c.<br />
ferruginoso iron stained quartz | c. hialino<br />
hyaline quartz | c. hialino verde sinople | c.<br />
lechoso milky quartz | c. listado ribboned quartz<br />
| c. macho [Col] quartz barren of ore | c.<br />
porfídico [Pe] hornstone | c. radiado cross-course<br />
spar | c. rosado rose quartz | c. tabular laminar<br />
quartz<br />
cuarzodiorita nf quartz diorite<br />
cuarzomonzonita nf quartz monzonite<br />
cuarzoso,-sa adj quartzose<br />
cuaternario,-ria adj Quaternary<br />
cuaterno,-na nf quaternary<br />
cuba nf vat | c. de cianuración cyanidization vat<br />
cubaje nm volume<br />
cubertura nf cover<br />
cubeta nf [Vz] trough, downfold, syncline, basin<br />
| c. cerrada basin | c. marina ocean basin<br />
cubetada nf bucketfill<br />
cubetadraga nf dragline bucket<br />
cubicación nf computation of volume<br />
cubicaje nm volume<br />
cubicar vtr to block out (ore) | to compute<br />
volume<br />
cúbico,-ca adj cubic<br />
cubierta nf cover, overburden<br />
cubierto nm cover, overburden | c. fluvioglacial<br />
galcial cover | c. moderno recent cover<br />
cubilote nm cupola<br />
cubo nm cube<br />
cubreobjeto nm cover glass, cover slip<br />
cubrir vtr to cover<br />
cucúrbita nf retort<br />
cucurucho nm peak, summit, top<br />
cucharadraga nf [Ec] dragline bucket<br />
cuchareo nm baling (of a well)<br />
cuchilla nf knife-edged or sharp ridge |<br />
mountain crest | mountain range | outrunner<br />
or branch of a sierra | line of hills<br />
cuele nm driving, sinking (workings)<br />
cuelga nf [Ch, Col] slope, grade (of a river)<br />
cuenca nf basin | watershed, river drainage<br />
system | valley | trough, graven | c.<br />
alimentadora watershed | c. carbonífera coal<br />
basin | c. cerrada closed basin | c. de<br />
alimentación watershed | c. de drenaje drainage<br />
basin or area | c. de fallas graben | c. de<br />
sedimentación sedimentation basin | c. fluvial<br />
river basin | c. hidrográfica drainage basin | c.<br />
hullera coal basin | c. imbrífera [Arg, Ur]<br />
watershed | c. marginal marginal basin | c.<br />
marina sea basin | c. petrolífera oil pool | c.<br />
recolectora watershed | c. rocosa rock basin | c.<br />
sedimentaria sedimentary basin | c. submarina<br />
submarine basin | c. tributaria watershed<br />
cuenco nm pool, basin<br />
cuerpo nm body or mass of rock or mineral |<br />
orebody | c. de agrimensores survey party | c. de<br />
beneficio ore body | c. de brecha hidrotermal<br />
hydrothermal breccia body | c. de filón or de<br />
veta branch of a vein | c. del alto hanging wall<br />
branch of a vein | c. del bajo footwall branch of<br />
a vein | c. del enmedio branch of a vein between<br />
the footwall and hanging wall | c. intrusivo<br />
intrusive body | c. magmático boss, stock | c.<br />
mineralizado ore shoot<br />
cuesco nm core | [Méx] coarse ore<br />
cuesta nf abrupt grade, elevation | rise | hill |<br />
slope | c. abajo downhill, downslope | c. arriba<br />
uphill<br />
cueto nm high crag, rocky peak<br />
cueva nf cave | c. vieja [Minglanilla, Sp] large<br />
chambers resulting from the excavation of salt<br />
cuisiano,-na adj Cuisian<br />
cuisense nm Cuisian<br />
culminación nf culmination<br />
cumbre nm summit, top, ridge, peak, crest<br />
cumbrera nf summit, top, ridge<br />
cumulante nm cumulant<br />
cúmulo nm accumulation, pile, heap | irregular<br />
deposit or mass | stockwork<br />
cumuri nm owner of llamas or burros employed<br />
to transport ore<br />
cuneta nf small trench<br />
cuniforme adj cuniform, cuneate, wedge-shaped<br />
cuña nf wedge | c. de hielo<br />
cuota nf allowable, quota, share | c.<br />
suplementaria discovery well allowable
C-17<br />
cúprico,-ca adj cupric<br />
cuprífero,-ra adj copper-bearing, cupriferous<br />
cuproso,-sa adj cuprous<br />
cúpula nf cupola, dome, roof | c. de lava lava<br />
dome<br />
curi nm [Ec] gold<br />
curiche nm [Bol] lake, pool<br />
curso nm course | stream | c. antecedente<br />
antecendent stream | c. consecuente consequent<br />
stream | c. desplazado offset stream | c. efluyente<br />
effluent stream | c. influyente influent stream |<br />
c. pirata pirate stream | c. ramificado braided<br />
stream | c. sobrepuesto superimposed stream |<br />
c. subsecuente subsequent stream<br />
curva nf curve | c. acampanada bell(-shaped)<br />
curve | c. acumulada cumulative frequency<br />
distribution | c. bimodal bimodal curve | c. de<br />
declinación decline curve (oil or gas production)<br />
| c. de las frecuencias acumuladas cumulative<br />
frequency distribution | c. de nivel contour line<br />
| c. de vaporización flash curve | c. en j J-curve |<br />
c. en u U-shaped curve | c. familiar family curve<br />
(average of decline curves for several wells) | c.<br />
isóbata depth contour | c. unimodal unimodal<br />
curve<br />
curvación nf curvature<br />
curvar vtr to bend, curve<br />
curvatura nf curvature, warp<br />
curvilíneo,-nea adj curvilinear<br />
cúspide nf peak, summit | apex<br />
cuspilito nm beach cusp
D-1<br />
D<br />
dacítico,-ca nf dacitic<br />
danense adj Danian<br />
danés adj Danian<br />
daniano,-na adj Danian<br />
daniense adj Danian<br />
darcy nm darcy<br />
data nf date<br />
datación nf dating, age determination<br />
datar vtr to date, put a date on | vintr to date<br />
dato nm fact, datum, record, piece of<br />
information | nmpl data, facts, information<br />
débil adj weak<br />
debilidad nf weakness<br />
decaedro nm decahedron<br />
decano nm decane<br />
decantación nf decantation | d. selectiva selective<br />
decantation<br />
decapitación nf stream capture<br />
decila nf decile<br />
declinación nf declination | d. de la aguja or<br />
magnética deviation from magnetic north<br />
declive nm inclination, slope, incline, declivity,<br />
dip, pitch | en d. sloping, on a slope<br />
declividad nf slope<br />
dedo nm twelth part of a palmo, twenty-eigth<br />
part of a vara<br />
defecto nm defect | d. de estructura crystal defect<br />
| d. de masa mass defect<br />
deflación nf deflation<br />
deflexión nf deflection | d. de la aguja magnetic<br />
deviation<br />
deformación nf deformation | strain<br />
deformar vtr to deform | to strain<br />
degradación nf degradation, erosion<br />
degradar vtr to degrade<br />
dejar respaldo vtr [Pe] to leave ore in the wallrock<br />
of a mine<br />
deleznable adj brittle, friable, crumbly<br />
deleznamiento nm slakings<br />
deleznar vtr to crumble<br />
delineado,-da adj blocked-out (ore)<br />
delinear vtr to block out (ore)<br />
delta nm delta | d. continental inland delta | d.<br />
glaciárico kame delta | d. marino marine delta<br />
deltaico,-ca adj deltaic<br />
demantoide adj demantoid, uralian emerald<br />
demarcación nf demarcation<br />
demarcador,-dora nf demarcating, of<br />
demarcation<br />
demarcar vtr to demarcate, delimit, mark out<br />
demasias nfpl [Bol] land falling outside of<br />
existing mining claims<br />
dendriforme adj dendroid<br />
dendrita nf dendrite<br />
dendrítico,-ca adj dendritic<br />
dendroide adj dendroid<br />
dendroideo,-dea adj dendroid<br />
densidad nf density | d. API API gravity | d. de<br />
probabilidad probability density | d. natural<br />
natural (rock) density | d. relativa relative<br />
density, specific gravity<br />
densimetro nm densimeter<br />
dentado,-da adj jagged, serrated, toothed |<br />
dentate<br />
dentellado,-da adj jagged, serrated, toothed |<br />
dentate<br />
denticulado,-da adj toothed<br />
denudación nf erosion, denudation<br />
denudar vtr to erode, denude<br />
denuncia nf petition for a mining claim<br />
denunciar vtr to obtain legal possession to a<br />
mining claim<br />
depleción nf depletion<br />
deposición nf deposition<br />
depositar vtr to deposit | vpr to settle<br />
depósito nm deposit, sediment | deposition |<br />
reservoir, tank | stock of mercury issued to<br />
colonial silver miners on credit by the Royal<br />
Treasury | d. aluvial alluvial deposit | d. de<br />
contacto contact metamorphic deposit | d. de<br />
minerales mineral deposit | d. de metal ore<br />
deposit | d. estratoligase stratiform deposit | d.<br />
glaciar glacial deposit | d. mural mural deposit<br />
| d. por deslizamiento slump | d. vetiforme<br />
vetiform deposit<br />
depositición nf deposition<br />
depresión nf depression, hollow | gap, pass | d.<br />
litoral longshore trough<br />
depuración nf purification (of water)<br />
depurar vtr to purify<br />
derecho,-cha adj straight | nm grant, concession<br />
| d. de captura rule of capture | d. de mina<br />
mineral rights<br />
derechos nmpl tax on ore | d. de mineraje royalty<br />
| d. de señoraje duty formerly paid to the king of<br />
Spain on coining gold or silver<br />
deriva nf drift | d. de (los) continentes continental<br />
drift<br />
derivar vtr to calculate | vintr to incline, drift,<br />
trend<br />
derivación nf offset
D-2<br />
derramamiento nm runoff<br />
derramarse vpr to overflow, run-off<br />
derrame nm declivity, slope, incline | sill |<br />
overflow, runoff<br />
derretido,-da adj melted, molten<br />
derretimiento nm melting, thawing<br />
derretir vtr to melt, thaw, melt down | vpr to<br />
melt, become molten, thaw<br />
derribar vtr to break ground<br />
derribo nm breaking ground<br />
derrocado,-da adj caved<br />
derrubiar vtr to erode, undermine, wash away<br />
derrubio nm alluvium | erosion, undermining,<br />
washing away | d. estriado striated pebbles | d.<br />
glacial glacial drift<br />
derrumbadero nm precipice, cliff<br />
derrumbamiento nm caving, collapse of<br />
workings | landslide | slumping | d. de tierra<br />
landslide<br />
derrumbarse vpr to cave in, fall in, collapse<br />
derrumbe nm caving, collapse of workings |<br />
landslide | d. de montaña rockfall<br />
derrumbo nm precipice | [Col] landslide<br />
desagregación nf desaggregation, disintegration<br />
desagregado,-da adj disintegrated<br />
desaguadero nm drain, outlet<br />
desaguador nm drain, canal, outlet<br />
desaguamdo nm drainage, draining | drain,<br />
outlet<br />
desaguar vtr to drain, empty, run off | v intr to<br />
flow, drain into | vpr to drain<br />
desagüe nm drainage, draining | drain, outlet<br />
desahucio nm [Bol] anullment of a mining claim<br />
for failure to pay taxes<br />
desalación nf desalinization<br />
desalar vtr to desalinate<br />
desalinización nf desalinization<br />
desalinizar vtr to desalinate<br />
desamontar vtr to unpile<br />
desamparar vtr to abandon a mine or working<br />
desamparo nm abandonment of a mine or<br />
working<br />
desaparación del mineral nf picnhing out<br />
desarenar vtr [Col] to wash away sand in a<br />
placer working<br />
desarollar v tr develop | to unroll, unfold (a<br />
map) | vpr to develop, be developed | to<br />
unroll, unfold (a map)<br />
desarollo nm development | expansion (of a<br />
mathematical expression) | unrolling (of a<br />
map)<br />
desazogadera nf retort used to volatilize and<br />
recover mercury from amalgam<br />
desazogar vtr to volatalize and recover mercury<br />
desbarrancadero nm precipice<br />
desbocado,-da adj overflowing (river)<br />
desbordamiento nm overflow, overflowing<br />
desbordar vintr/pr/tr to overflow, flood<br />
desborde nm overflowing<br />
descalaminado nm removal of calamine<br />
descalaminar vtr to remove calamine from<br />
descalcificación nf decalcification<br />
descalcificar vtr to decalcify | vpr to become<br />
decalcified<br />
descarbonatar vtr to decarbonate<br />
descarburación nf decarbonization,<br />
decarbonizing<br />
descarburante adj decarbonizing, decarburizing<br />
| nm decarbonization, decarbonizing<br />
decarburar vtr to decarbonate, decarburize<br />
descargar vtr to discharge | vintr to flow | d. en<br />
to flow into<br />
descendencia nf descendence<br />
descendente adj downslope<br />
descendiente adj descending | descendent,<br />
descendant<br />
descenso nm subsidence<br />
descoagulante adj liquefying<br />
descoagular vtr to liquify, dissolve<br />
descogollar vtr [Col] to work the cogollo or<br />
upper part of a vein<br />
descolorante adj bleaching<br />
descolorar vtr to bleach | vpr to be bleached<br />
descolorido,-da adj bleached | nm bleaching<br />
descolorimiento nm bleaching<br />
descolorir vtr to bleach | vpr to be bleached<br />
descomponer vtr/pr to decompose | to resolve (a<br />
force) | to split up (a fraction) | to break down<br />
descomposición nf decomposition | resolution<br />
(of a force) | factoring<br />
descompresión nf decompression<br />
descomprimir vtr to decompress<br />
descompuesto,-ta adj decomposed<br />
desconcharse vpr to spall, exfoliate<br />
describir vtr to trace | to describe<br />
descripción nf tracing | description<br />
descuajar vtr/pr to liquify, dissolve<br />
descubierto,-ta adj exposed<br />
descubridor,-ra adj discovered<br />
descubrimiento nm discovery | d. en suspensión<br />
suspended discovery<br />
descubrir vtr to discover<br />
desdoblar vtr to unfold (a map)
D-3<br />
desecación nf dessication, drying | draining (of<br />
a marsh)<br />
desecado,-da adj dried, dessicated | nm drying,<br />
dessication<br />
desecador,-dora adj drying, dessicating<br />
desecamiento nm dessication, drying | draining<br />
(of a marsh)<br />
desecante adj drying, dessicating<br />
desecar vtr/pr to dry up, dessicate | to drain<br />
desecativo,-va adj drying, dessicating<br />
desecho nm waste rock | very low grade ore |<br />
[surv] offset<br />
desembocadura nf river mouth, outlet<br />
desembocar vintr to flow, run<br />
desencielar vtr [Col] to extract ore that remains<br />
between two adits<br />
desencofrado nm removal of timbering from a<br />
mine<br />
desencofrar vtr to remove timbering from a<br />
mine<br />
desescombrar vtr to muck<br />
desescombro nm mucking<br />
desfiladero nm gorge, narrow pass, defile<br />
desgarramiento nm tear, disjunction | [Vz]<br />
shattering, breaking up<br />
desgarre nm rift<br />
desgasificación nf degassing<br />
desgastar vtr to abrade, erode, wear away | to<br />
corrode<br />
desgaste nm abrasion, erosion, wearing away |<br />
corrosion<br />
deshelarse vpr to melt, thaw (ice in a river)<br />
deshiele nm thaw<br />
deshielo nm thawing, melting | ablation<br />
desierto nm desert | d. de arena sand desert | d.<br />
de piedra rock desert d. frío cold desert | d.<br />
salino salt desert<br />
desigual adj uneven<br />
desigualidad nf inequality<br />
desilificación nf desilification<br />
desilificar vtr desilicify<br />
desimanación or desimantación nf<br />
demagnetization<br />
desimanar or desimantar vtr to demagnetize<br />
desintegración nf desintegration, decay | d.<br />
espontánea spontaneous fission | d. radioactiva<br />
radioactive or atomic decay<br />
deslava nm erosion | alluvium<br />
deslavable adj erodible<br />
deslavar vtr to erode<br />
desleir vtr to dissolve | to dilute | vpr to<br />
dissolve | to be diluted<br />
desleidura nf dissolving | dilution<br />
desleimiento nm dissolving | dilution<br />
deslindador nm land surveyor<br />
deslindamiento nm delimitation, demarcation,<br />
marking of boundaries<br />
deslindar vtr to mark the boundaries of, delimit,<br />
demarcate, survey<br />
deslinde nm demarcation<br />
desliz nf landslide<br />
deslizamiento nm landslide, slide | slip | d. de<br />
faldeo landslide | d. de terreno landslide | d.<br />
laminar afín affine laminar slip | d. lento slow<br />
slide | d. total net slip<br />
deslizarse vpr to run, flow | to slip, slide, glide<br />
desmagnetización nf demagnetization<br />
desmagnetizar vtr to demagnetize<br />
desmenuzable adj friable | unstable<br />
desmineralización nf demineralize<br />
desmineralizar vtr to demineralize<br />
desmontar vtr to strip away overburden<br />
desmonte nm overburden | waste rock |<br />
levelled ground | rubble, excavated soil |<br />
excavation | desmontes de cantera [Ch] quarry<br />
refuse<br />
desmoronamiento nm erosion of river banks,<br />
etc. | landslide<br />
desmuestre nm coring, core sampling<br />
desnitrar vtr to denitrate<br />
desnitrificación nf denitrification<br />
desnitrificar vtr to denitrify<br />
desnivel nm uneveness of ground | slope,<br />
gradient | difference in height<br />
desnivelado,-da adj sloping<br />
despajar vtr [Méx] to concentrate ores<br />
despaje nm [Méx] mill tailings<br />
despegue nm detachment, décollement<br />
despeñadero,-ra adj steep, precipitous | nm<br />
steep face, precipice, cliff<br />
desperdicio nm waste | spoil<br />
despilado,-da adj robbed of pillars<br />
despilar vtr to rob pillars<br />
despilanamiento nm robbing of pillars<br />
despinta nf [Ch] silver ore assaying less than 50<br />
diezmilésimos in grade | [Arg] poorest grade<br />
ores, rich in pyrite<br />
desplazado,-da adj displaced<br />
desplazamiento nm displacement | slip | d.<br />
aparente apparent displacement or separation |<br />
d. por fase miscible miscible drive<br />
desplazar vtr to displace<br />
despliegue nm deployment | d. en cruz cross<br />
spread
D-4<br />
desplome nm collapse | d. de montaña rockfall<br />
despojo nm [Bol] debris | [Col] extraction, as<br />
from a mine<br />
desprender de vtr to separate from<br />
desprendimiento nm landslide<br />
desprovisito,-ta adj devoid<br />
despueble adj abandonment (mines) | nm<br />
abandonment of a mine<br />
despuntador nm pick, pickaxe (miner's)<br />
desquebrajado,-da adj cracked, split<br />
desquebrajar vtr to crack, split<br />
destaje or destajo nm [Bol] contract work,<br />
tutwork | [Pe] open cut<br />
destilación nf distillation | d. al vacio vacuum<br />
distillation<br />
destilado nm distillate<br />
desvenar vtr to extract ore from a vein or mine<br />
desviación nf deviation, departure, deflection |<br />
d. del pozo side tracking | d. media mean<br />
deviation<br />
desviarse vpr to deviate, deflect, depart from |<br />
to branch off<br />
desvío nm wandering (of a river) | vein which<br />
meets another, follows it for a short distance<br />
and then resumes its normal course<br />
desviométro nm driftmeter<br />
desvitrificación nf devitrification<br />
desvitrificar vtr to devitrify<br />
desvolcanarse vpr [Col] to be covered by a lahar<br />
or mudslide | to collapse | to be destroyed<br />
deszafrar vtr to carry away waste from a mine<br />
desviación nf deflection<br />
detector nm detector | d. de aqua divining rod |<br />
d. de gas gas explorer<br />
deteriorización nf deteriorization<br />
deterioro nm deteriorization<br />
detrítico,-ca adj detritic<br />
detrito nm detritus | d. aluvial alluvium<br />
deuterico,-ca adj deuteric<br />
deuterio nm deuterium<br />
devoniano,-na adj Devonian<br />
devónico,-ca adj Devonian<br />
dextroso,-sa adj dextral<br />
deyección nf ejection of volcanic material |<br />
ejecta | debris<br />
diabasa nf diabase<br />
diabásico,-ca adj diabasic<br />
diaclasa nf joint | d. de buzamiento dip joint | d.<br />
de cizalla shear joint | d. de contracción joint of<br />
retreat | d. de cortante shear joint | d. de<br />
dirección strike joint | d. de estratificación<br />
bedding joint | d. de inclinación dip joint | d. de<br />
rumbo strike joint | d. de tensión tension joint |<br />
d. de tracción tension joint | d. diagonal oblique<br />
joint | d. oblícula oblique joint<br />
diaclasado,-da adj jointed, jointy<br />
diaclasado nm jointing | d. angular angular<br />
jointing<br />
diaclasimiento nm jointing<br />
diafanidad nf transparency<br />
diaftoresis nm diaftoresis<br />
diagénesis nf diagenesis | induration<br />
diagrafía nf logging | d. de amplitud amplitude<br />
log | d. de densidad density log<br />
diagrama nm diagram | d. de barras bar diagram<br />
| d. de fases phase diagram | d. de pozo well log<br />
| d. de proximidad proximity log | d. de sectores<br />
pie diagram<br />
dialaga nf diagolite<br />
diamagnético,-ca adj diamagnetic<br />
diamantado,-da adj diamond-like, diamond<br />
diamante nm diamond | d. brillante brilliant<br />
diamond | d. bruto rough diamond | d. en bruto<br />
rough diamond | d. falso fake diamond | d.<br />
negro bort | d. rebolludo round rough diamond<br />
| d. rosa rose diamond | d. tabla table diamond<br />
| d. tallado cut diamond<br />
diamantífero,-ra adj diamond-bearing,<br />
diamond-yielding, diamantiferous<br />
diamantino,-na adj diamond, diamond-like | nm<br />
[Guanajuato, Méx] veinstone formed of<br />
hornfels and crystalline feldspar<br />
diamantista nm diamond cutter | diamond<br />
merchant<br />
diapiro nm diapir | d. salino salt dome<br />
diario nm logbook | d. de sondeo drilling journal<br />
or record<br />
diaspora nf diaspore<br />
diasporo nm diaspore<br />
diasquística nf dischistic, differentiated<br />
diasquisto nm dischistic rock, differentiated<br />
dike rock<br />
diastrofismo nm diastrophism<br />
diastroma nf diastrophism<br />
diatomáceo,-cea adj diatamaceous<br />
diatomea nf diatom<br />
diatrema nf diatreme | maar | d. de explosión<br />
diatreme<br />
dicroita nf dichroite<br />
dicroísmo nm dichroism<br />
dicroita nf cordierite<br />
diedro,-ra adj dihedral | nm dihedron<br />
dientes de perro nmpl scalenohedral calcite<br />
diestro,-ra adj dextral
D-5<br />
diezmilésimo nm [Ch] 0.0001 grams of metal in<br />
10 grams of ore<br />
diezmo nm a tax of one tenth the value of metal<br />
or mineral produced<br />
diferencia nf difference | d. de latitud norte<br />
northing | d. de latitud sur southing | d. en<br />
longitud meridian distance | d. en nivel fall,<br />
difference in level | d. media mean difference<br />
diferenciación nf differentiation | d. magmática<br />
magmatic differentiation<br />
diferencial adj differential<br />
difluencia nf diffluence<br />
difracción nf diffraction<br />
difractar vtr to diffract<br />
difractivo,-va adj diffractive<br />
difractómetro nm diffractometer<br />
difrangente adj diffractive<br />
difundido,-da adj diffuse<br />
difusión nf diffusion | scattering<br />
digestión nf assimilation<br />
digitación nf fingering<br />
digitado,-da adj digitate, digitated<br />
dígito nm digit<br />
dilatación nf dilation<br />
dilatado,-da adj dilated<br />
dilatar vtr to dilate<br />
dilución nf dilution<br />
diluido,-da adj dilute<br />
diluir vtr to dilute<br />
diluvio nm flood, deluge<br />
diluvión nm diluvium<br />
dimanar vintr to flow, run<br />
dinámico,-ca adj dynamic | nf dynamics<br />
dinamometamorfismo nm dynamic<br />
metamorphism<br />
dinamitación nf well shooting<br />
dineral nm weight of gold of 24 quilates or 96<br />
granos | weight of silver of 12 dineros or 298<br />
granos<br />
dinero nm twelth part of a dineral<br />
dinosaurio nm dinosaur<br />
diodo nm diode<br />
dionisia nf bloodstone (var of jasper) |<br />
specularite<br />
diópsida nf diopside<br />
diópsido nm diopside<br />
dioptasa nf dioptase<br />
diorita nf diorite | d. compacta aphanite | d.<br />
esquistosa greenstone<br />
diorítico,-ca adj dioritic<br />
dióxido nm dioxide | d. de silicio silicon dioxide,<br />
quartz<br />
dipirámide nm bipyramid<br />
dipolo nm dipole<br />
dique nm dike | d. anular ring dike<br />
dirección nf strike | trend | d. local local strike |<br />
d. media average strike | d. principal principal<br />
strike<br />
dirigirse vpr to strike or trend<br />
disco nm disc<br />
discoidal adj disc-shaped<br />
disconformidad nf disconformity<br />
discontinuidad nf discontinuity<br />
discontínuo,-nua adj discontinuous<br />
discordancia nf unconformity | d. angular<br />
angular unconformity | d. de erosión erosional<br />
unconformity | d. de plegamiento | d. paralela<br />
disconformity<br />
discordante adj discordant<br />
disfrutar vtr to work, expolit or profit from a<br />
mine, vein, etc.<br />
disfrute nm working or exploitation of a mine,<br />
vein, etc.<br />
disgregación nf disintegration | breaking up<br />
disgregante adj disintegrating<br />
disgregar vtr to disintegrate<br />
disimetría nf disymmetry<br />
dislocación nf dislocation, throw or a fault |<br />
fault | d. ascendente upthrow | d. circular fault<br />
pit | d. descendente downthrow | d. longitudinal<br />
strike-slip fault | d. periférica circular fault | d.<br />
rumbeante strike-slip fault | d. transversal cross<br />
fault | d. vertical vertical fault<br />
dislocado,-da adj displaced, faulted, disrupted<br />
disclocar vtr to displace, fault<br />
disminuación nf decrease<br />
disminuir vtr to decrease<br />
disolubilidad nf solubility<br />
disoluble adj soluble<br />
disolución nf solution<br />
disolvente nm solvent<br />
disolver vtr to disolve<br />
disperarse vpr to die out (as for a vein)<br />
dispersión nf dispersion | d. de la capa irregular<br />
surface on a bed<br />
disponerse en vpr to be found, occur<br />
disposición nf arrangment | bedding | d.<br />
alternante alternation of beds | d. concordante<br />
conformable bedding | d. discordante<br />
unconformity<br />
dispositivo nm layout | d. de tiro shot pattern |<br />
d. simétrico split spread<br />
distancia nf distance | d. horizontal de<br />
afloramientos normal horizontal separation
D-6<br />
distena nf disthene<br />
distensión nf distension, extension<br />
distribución nf distribution | d. cesurada<br />
censored distribution | d. compuesta mixture<br />
distribution | d. condicional conditional<br />
distribution | d. de frecuencia frequency<br />
distribution | d. de la muestra sample<br />
distribution | d. ligada conditional distribution<br />
| d. marginal marginal distribution | d.<br />
observada observed distribution | d. simétrica<br />
symmetric distribution | d. truncada truncated<br />
distribution<br />
distrito nm district | d. minero mining district<br />
disuelto,-ta adj dissolved<br />
disyunción nf fracture | jointing | d. de rocas<br />
jointing | d. prismática columnar jointing | d.<br />
tabular tabular jointing<br />
divergencia nf divergence<br />
divergente adj divergent | nm divergent<br />
división nf joint<br />
divisoria nf divide | d. de vertientes watershed<br />
divorcio de las aguas nm divide, ridge<br />
dócil adj free-milling, easily treated<br />
dodecaedro nm dodecahedron<br />
dodecaetileno nm dodecatylene<br />
dodecano nm dodecane<br />
dolina nf doline<br />
dolomía nf dolostone<br />
dolomítico,-ca adj dolomitic<br />
dolomitizar vtr to dolomitize<br />
domeriano,-na adj Domerian<br />
Domeriense nm Domerian<br />
dominio nm domain | d. minero mining area<br />
domo nm dome | d. de sal salt dome | d. salino<br />
salt dome or plug | d. volcánico volcanic dome<br />
dorado,-da adj golden | nm [Michoacan, Méx]<br />
chalcopyrite-bearing copper ore<br />
dorsal oceánica nf mid-oceanic ridge<br />
dosificación nf titration<br />
dosís nf proportion (chemicals)<br />
downtoniano,-na adj Downtonian<br />
downtoniense adj Downtonian<br />
draga nf dredge, dredger, dredging machine<br />
dragado nm dredging<br />
dragador,-dora adj dredging | nm dredger,<br />
dredge<br />
dragaje nm dredging<br />
dragalina nf [Sp] dragline<br />
dragalínea nf [Méx] dragline<br />
dragar vtr to dredge<br />
drenaje nm drainage | d. efectivo net drainage |<br />
d. por expansión depletion drive drainage | d.<br />
por expansión de gas gas cap drive | d. por<br />
expansión de gas libre gas cap drive | d. por<br />
gravedad gravity drainage<br />
drusa nf druse | drusy cavity or vug | en d.<br />
drusy<br />
dúctil adj ductile<br />
ductilidad nf ductility<br />
duna nf dune | d. continental | d. costera coastal<br />
dune | d. de playa coastal dune | d. descendente<br />
falling dune | d. falciforme barchan dune | d.<br />
longitudinal longitudinal dune | d. parabólica<br />
parabolic dune | d. seif seif dune | d. d.<br />
transversal transverse dune trepadora climbing<br />
dune<br />
dureza nf hardness | d. del agua water hardness<br />
duro,-ra adj hard<br />
duro nm [Asientos, Méx] hard copper ores with<br />
quartz gangue
E-1<br />
E<br />
eclímometro nm clinometer<br />
econométro nm econometer<br />
ecosonda nf echo sounder<br />
ecuación nf equation<br />
ecuador nm equator | e. magnético aclinic line |<br />
e. terrestre earth's equator<br />
ecuatorial adj ecuatorial<br />
echado,-da adj inclined | nm [Méx] dip,<br />
inclination<br />
edad nf age | e. de hielo ice age | e. glacial ice age<br />
edafología nf pedology<br />
efecto nm effect | e. de perforación borehole effect<br />
eficacia nf efficiency | e. de barrido sweep<br />
efficiency<br />
eflorescencia nf efflorescence | [Pe] outcrop<br />
efluente nm effluent, outflow<br />
efusión nf eruption, extrusion<br />
efusivo,-va adj extrusive<br />
egirina nf aegirite, aegirine<br />
egirita nf aegirite<br />
eifeliano,-na adj Eifelian<br />
eifeliense adj Eifelian<br />
einstenio nm einsteinium<br />
eje nm axis | e. anticlinal anticlinal axis | e.<br />
cinemático de simetría kinematic symmetry | e.<br />
cristalográfico crystallographic axis | e. de<br />
plegamiento fold axis | e. de simetría axis of<br />
symmetry | e. de simetría del pliegue fold<br />
symmetry axis | e. de simetría estructural fabric<br />
symmetry axis | e. de simetría para plegamiento<br />
fold symmetry axis | e. principal de deformación<br />
principal strain axis | e. sísmico seismic axis | e.<br />
tecto-textural de simetría fabric symmetry axis<br />
elasticidad nf elasticity<br />
elástico,-ca adj elastic<br />
elaterométro nm elaterometer<br />
electro nm amber | electrum<br />
electrodo nm electrode<br />
electrólito nm electrolyte<br />
electrolización nf electrolysis<br />
electromagnético,-ca adj electromagnetic<br />
electroquímico,-ca adj electrochemical<br />
elemento nm element | e. mineral | e. trazo trace<br />
element<br />
eleolita nf nepheline<br />
elevación nf elevation, height | rise in the<br />
ground, hill<br />
elipsoidal adj ellipsoidal<br />
elipsoide nm ellipsoid | e. biaxial biaxial<br />
ellipsoid | e. de referencia reference ellipsoid | e.<br />
óptico optical ellipsoid | e. uniaxial uniaxial<br />
ellipsoid<br />
elíptico,-ca adj elliptical, elliptic<br />
eluvación nf eluviation<br />
eluvión nf eluvium, talus<br />
embacarse la veta vpr to lose a vein<br />
embalse nm pondage<br />
emanación nf exhalation, emanation<br />
embije or embijete nm [Méx] thin coating of<br />
mineral on a joint<br />
embocadura nf entrance<br />
embudiforme adj funnel-shaped<br />
embudo nm funnel | doline | e. de ablación<br />
ablation funnel | e. de explosión maar<br />
emerger vintr to project, jut out | to emerge<br />
emisión nf emission<br />
emorrascamiento nm [Méx] depletion of ore<br />
emborrascarse vpr [Méx] to lose sight of ore<br />
embozado nm [Méx] blind rich ore<br />
embudo nm sink hole<br />
emisor nm transmitter, emitter | e. de<br />
ultrasonidos pinger<br />
emjambre de diques adj dike swarm<br />
empalmar vtr to join, as for veins, etc.<br />
empanizado,-da adj [Cochas, Pe] altered,<br />
decomposed<br />
empinado,-da adj steep<br />
emplazamiento nm emplacement<br />
emplazar vtr to emplace<br />
empobrecido,-da adj impoverished, depleted<br />
empobrecimiento nm depletion of ore |<br />
impoverishment<br />
empresa nf company, firm, enterprise<br />
empuje nm pressure | drive | e. hidrostático<br />
water drive | e. horizontal horizontal pressure |<br />
e. tangencial tangential pressure | e. vertical<br />
vertical pressure<br />
emscheriano,-na adj Emscherian<br />
emscheriense nm Emscherian<br />
emsiano,-na adj Emsian<br />
emsiense nm Emsian<br />
enantimorfo,-fa adj enantimorphous<br />
enarenamiento nf sanding<br />
enarenar vtr to mix ore with sand | to cover<br />
with sand<br />
encajetado nm [Hualgáyoc, Pe] oxidized silver<br />
ore<br />
encañada nf [Bol] canyon<br />
encapado,-da adj cloaked, coated, encased |<br />
blind, concealed
E-2<br />
encape nm [Bol] overburden<br />
encenagamiento nm [Arg] mud deposit<br />
encentrar vtr to open up a vein along strike or in<br />
the direction of dip<br />
enclave nm inclusion<br />
encontrar vtr to meet, as for veins, etc.<br />
encorvado,-da adj crooked<br />
encorvamiento nm warping<br />
encrespadura nf ripplemark<br />
encuentro nm meeting of two veins<br />
endicamiento nm impounding<br />
enlace nm bond, tie | e. atómico atomic bond<br />
endentado,-da adj serrate<br />
endliquita nf endlichite<br />
endógeno,-na adj endogenous<br />
energía nf energy | e. nuclear nuclear energy<br />
enganchado,-da adj [Pe] contracted to pay off a<br />
debt<br />
enganchador nm [Pe] mine worker serving<br />
under debt peonage<br />
enganchadora nf [Pe] mine labor contractor<br />
enganche nm [Pe] debt servitude, generally to<br />
pay off debts owed to the company store<br />
enigmatita nf aenigmite<br />
enlazimiento nm connection, link<br />
enriquecerse vpr to come upon higher grade<br />
ores<br />
enriquecimiento nm enrichment of veins | e.<br />
secundario secondary enrichment<br />
enrollado,-da adj convoluted<br />
ensanchado,-da adj widening, flaring<br />
ensanche nm widening | e. de un filón swelling<br />
or bunching of a lode<br />
ensanchamiento nm widening<br />
ensayar vtr to assay<br />
ensaye nm assay<br />
ensayo nm assay | test | e. de capas drill stem<br />
test<br />
ensenada nf bay<br />
ensiforme adj bladed<br />
entalpía nf enthalpy<br />
enterrado,-da adj buried<br />
entierro nm burial<br />
entrada nf entrance to a mine | recess<br />
entrar vintr to empty | e. tajo or tonga [Col] to<br />
drain a mine or placer working<br />
entrecrecer vtr to intergrow<br />
entrecrecido,-da adj intergrown<br />
entrecrecimiento nm intergrowth<br />
entrelaminado,-da adj interbedded<br />
entremontaña nf intermountain, median mass,<br />
intermontane area, intermediate massif<br />
entreverado,-da adj stockwork<br />
entropia nf entropy<br />
eocambriano,-na adj Eocambrian<br />
eocámbrico,-ca adj Eocambrian<br />
eoceno,-na adj Eocene | nm Eocene<br />
eocénico,-ca adj Eocene<br />
eólico,-ca adj aeolian<br />
eón nm aeon<br />
eopaleozoico nm Eopaleozoic<br />
eozoico,-ca adj Proterozoic<br />
epicentro nm epicenter<br />
epidoto nm epidote | e. calizo zoisite | e.<br />
manganésico piedmontite<br />
epigenético,-ca adj epigenetic<br />
epipelágico,-ca adj epipelagic<br />
epiroca nf epirock<br />
epirogénesis nf epeirogenesis, epeirogeny<br />
epirogenético,-ca adj epeirogenetic<br />
epirogenia nf epeirogenesis, epeirogeny<br />
epirogénico,-ca adj epeirogenic<br />
epizona nf epizone | de la e. epizonal<br />
época nf epoch | é fría ice age | é geológica era | é<br />
metalogénica metallogenic epoch<br />
equilibrio nm equilibrium | material balance<br />
equipo nm shift | rig | gear | e. perforador<br />
drilling rig<br />
equivalente adj equivalent<br />
era nf era | salt water pond formed by<br />
evaporation | e. geológica era<br />
ergio nm erg<br />
erguimiento nm uplift<br />
eritrina nf erythrite<br />
erodado,-da adj eroded<br />
erosión nf erosion | e. fluvial fluvial erosion | e.<br />
glacial glacial erosion | e. mecánico mechanical<br />
erosion | e. profunda deep erosion | e. regresiva<br />
retrogressive erosion | e. químico chemical<br />
erosion | e. vertical downcutting<br />
erosionado,-da adj eroded<br />
errático,-ca adj erratic<br />
error nm error | e. cuadrático medio mean square<br />
error | e. de medida measurement error | e. de<br />
muestro sampling error | e. de observación<br />
observational error | e. medio mean error<br />
erubescita nf bornite<br />
erupción adj eruption | blow-out (of a well) | e.<br />
de flanco flank eruption<br />
eruptivo,-va adj eruptive, volcanic<br />
esarcha nf [Pe] native sulphur<br />
escala nf scale | e. de dureza hardness scale<br />
(Moh's) | e. Rankine Rankine scale<br />
escalenoédrico,-ca adj scalenohedral
E-3<br />
escalenoedro nm scalenohedron<br />
escalón nm step | stope | e. de circo cirque | e. de<br />
confluencia confluence step | e. de banco<br />
underhand stope | e. de cielo overhand stope |<br />
e. de denudación erosion scarp | e. de falla fault<br />
scarp | e. de fractura fault scarp | e. marginal<br />
marginal step<br />
escalonamiento nm stepping<br />
escama nf slice, flake | scale<br />
escamiforme adj scale-like<br />
escamosiones nfpl incrustations, scale<br />
escamoso,-sa adj scaley, platy<br />
escapolita nf scapolite<br />
escarapela nf rosette<br />
escarcha nf [Pe] native silver<br />
escarpa nf escarpment, scarp | e. de fractura fault<br />
scarp | e. de piamonte scarplet<br />
escarpado,-da adj steep<br />
escarpar vtr to scarp, slope<br />
escarpe nm scarp, escarpment | e. de falla fault<br />
scarp<br />
escarpita nf scarplet<br />
escaso,-sa adj rare, infrequent<br />
escintilómetro nm scintillometer | e. aéreo<br />
airborne scintillometer<br />
escoger a mano vtr to hand sort (ores)<br />
escollera nf cliff<br />
escollo nm shoal, reef<br />
escombrera nf debris | waste heap<br />
escombro nm waste rock | detritus, talus |<br />
overburden on placers | e. glacial drift<br />
escopetar vtr to work a gold mine<br />
escoria nf scoria | slag | dross<br />
escorial nm slag heap | deposit of volcanic ash |<br />
lava bed<br />
escota nf miner's pick<br />
escudo nm shield| e. continental continental<br />
shield<br />
escurrente adj exhalant, effluent<br />
escurrimiento nm draining, runoff | e. superficial<br />
surface runoff<br />
escurrirse vpr to run off<br />
esfalerita nf sphalerite<br />
esfena nf sphene<br />
esfeno nm sphene<br />
esfenolita nf sphenolith<br />
esfera nf sphere<br />
esferal adj spherical<br />
esférico,-ca adj spherical<br />
esferoidal adj spheroidal<br />
esferoide nm spheroid | e. intraformacional<br />
convolutional ball | e. lacustre lake ball<br />
esferolítico,-ca adj spherulitic<br />
esferolito nm spherulite<br />
esferosiderita nf spherosiderite<br />
esfuerzo nm stress<br />
eslamosa nf nagyagite<br />
esmaltina nf smaltite<br />
esmaltita nf smaltite<br />
esmanil nm sphalerite<br />
esmeralda nf emerald | e. oriental corundum<br />
esmeril nm emory | [Méx] arsenopyrite<br />
esmitsonita nf smithsonite<br />
espacio nm spacing<br />
espalto nm spalt, fluorspar flux<br />
esparnaciano,-na adj Sparnacian<br />
esparnaciense nm Sparnacian<br />
espático,-ca adj spathic<br />
espato nm spar | e. adamantino corundum | e.<br />
amargo magnesite | e. azul blue fluorspar |<br />
lazulite | e. bruno brown dolomite, magnesite |<br />
e. calcáreo calcite | e. cálcico calcite | e. calizo<br />
calcite | e. de cal calcite | e. de cinc smithsonite |<br />
e. (de) flúor fluorspar, fluorite | e. de hierro<br />
siderite | e. de Islandia Iceland spar | e. de itrio<br />
xenotime | e. de manganeso rhodochrosite,<br />
rhodonite or dialogite | e. en tablas wollastonite<br />
| e. ferrífero siderite | e. fétido bituminous<br />
fluorite | e. fluor fluorspar, blue fluorspar | e.<br />
lustroso satin spar (calcite or gypsum) | e.<br />
manganoso dialogite | e. pardo brown dolomite,<br />
magnesite | e. pesado barite | e. romboidal<br />
dolomite | e. satinado fibrous gypsum<br />
especie nm species | e. tipo type species<br />
espécimen nm specimen<br />
especular adj specular<br />
espejado nm [Pe] galena<br />
espejo nm [Col] slickenside | e. de falla<br />
slickenside | e. de fricción slickenside<br />
espejuelo nm mica | transparent talc | [Ch]<br />
fine-grained, transparent selenite or gypsum |<br />
[Ch] calcite | [Real de Monte, Méx] galena and<br />
sphalerite crystals generally poor in silver |<br />
[Pe] lead carbonate | [Hualgáyoc, Pe] barite<br />
espeleología nf speleology<br />
esperanza nf expectation | e. matemática<br />
mathematical expectation<br />
esperkisa nf spear pyrite (var of marcasite)<br />
espesartina nf spessartite<br />
espesartita nf spessartite<br />
espeso,-sa adj thick, dense<br />
espesor nm thickness of a bed, vein, etc.<br />
espesura nf density, thickness<br />
espiga nf bay bar
E-4<br />
espilita nf spilite<br />
espinela nf spinel | e. cincífera gahnite,<br />
franklinite | e. cromífera picotite<br />
espinélido nm spinellide<br />
espodito nm whitish volcanic ash<br />
espodumena nf spodumene<br />
esponja nf stockwork of veins | [Méx] spongy<br />
bullion<br />
espuma nf meerschaum | gossan | magnesia |<br />
e. de mar sepiolite | e. de nitro surface crust of<br />
nitrate on salt flats<br />
esqueletal adj skeletal<br />
esquema nf sketch | classification | e. Lahee<br />
Lahee classification of exploratory wells<br />
esquisto nm shale, schist, slate | e. anfibolítico<br />
amphibole schist | e. arcilloso underclay | e.<br />
bituminoso oil shale | e. carbonoso coal shale | e.<br />
clorítico chlorite schist, greenschist | e.<br />
combustible oil shale| e. córneo hornslate | e. de<br />
anfibolita amphibolite schist | e. de barro<br />
mudstone | e. divisorio dividing slate | e.<br />
micáceo micaceous schist | e. noduloso spotted<br />
slate or schist | e. paralelo bedding schistosity |<br />
e. petrolífero oil shale | e. talcoso talc schist<br />
esquistoideo nm schistoid<br />
esquistosidad nf schistosity | cleavage, induced<br />
cleavage, rock cleavage | e. astillosa pencil<br />
cleavage | e. de crenulación crenulation cleavage<br />
| e. en abanico cleavage fan | e. en pizzarín pencil<br />
cleavage | e. espaciada spaced cleavage | e.<br />
trasversal slaty cleavage<br />
esquistoso,-sa adj schistose<br />
essonita nf hessonite<br />
estabilidad nf stability | e. química chemical<br />
stability<br />
estabilización nf stabilization<br />
estable adj stable<br />
estación nf season | station | e. gravimétrica<br />
gravity station<br />
estacional adj seasonal<br />
estadal nm land measure of 4 varas | [Méx]<br />
level rod | e. cuadrado 16 square varas<br />
estadia nf stadia<br />
estadio nm furlong<br />
estadística nf statistics | e. de orden order<br />
statistics<br />
estadístico,-ca adj statistical | nm statistic<br />
estado nm state | stage<br />
estaffordiano,-na adj Staffordian<br />
estaffordiense adj Staffordian<br />
estalactita nf stalactite<br />
estalagmita nf stalagmite<br />
estampiano,-na adj Stampian<br />
estampiense adj Stampian<br />
estanekita nf stannekite<br />
estanina nf stannite<br />
estannita nf stannite<br />
estanoso,-sa adj stannous<br />
estanque nm pool | e. de petróleo oil pool | e. para<br />
colas tailings pond<br />
estañífero,-ra adj stanniferous, tin-bearing<br />
estañina nf stannite<br />
estaño nm tin | tin ore | tin concentrate | e.<br />
acarreo placer tin | e. de aluvión placer tin | e. de<br />
arroyo placer tin | e. de cornuallis cassiterite | e.<br />
de escoria tin slag | e. de madera wood tin | e. de<br />
placeres placer tin | e. en grano placer tin | e.<br />
leñoso wood tin | e. piritoso stannite | e. vidrioso<br />
cassiterite | e. xiloide wood tin<br />
estañoso,-sa adj stannous<br />
estaurolita nf staurolite<br />
esteatita nf steatite, soapstone<br />
estefaniano,-na adj Stephanian<br />
estefaniense nm Stephanian<br />
estefanita nf stephanite<br />
estelión nf olivine dolerite, toadstone<br />
estelón nm olivine dolerite, toadstone<br />
estereograma nf stereogram<br />
estepa nf steppe<br />
esteríl adj barren, sterile, devoid of<br />
mineralization | dry (wells) | nm waste,<br />
waste rock<br />
esteríl nm gangue | unmineralized or barren<br />
rock<br />
estero nm estuary, inlet | [Arg, Méx] swamp |<br />
[Bol, Ch] creek | [Vz] pond<br />
estiaje nm low water mark<br />
estibina nf stibnite<br />
estibnita nf stibnite<br />
estilbita nf stilbite<br />
estilo nm style | e. tectónico tectonic style<br />
estilotito nm stylolite<br />
estimación nf estimation| e. por el método de<br />
Bayes Bayesian estimation | e. por el método de<br />
los mínimos cuadrados lest-squares estimation |<br />
e. por el método de momentos moment estimation<br />
| e. por intervalo interval estimation | e. por la<br />
máxima versimilitud maximum-likelihood<br />
estimation | e. por regresión estimation by<br />
regression | e. puntual point estimation<br />
estimador nm estimator | e. convergente<br />
consistent estimator | e. exhaustivo complete<br />
estimator | e. sesgado biased estimator | e. sin<br />
sesgo unbiased estimator
E-5<br />
estimarse vpr to be taken to be, appear to be,<br />
suggest to be<br />
estiramiento nm stretching<br />
estoraque nm [Guerrero, Méx] sphalerite<br />
estrangulación nf narrowing of a vein, etc.<br />
estrangulamiento nm narrowing of a vein, etc.<br />
estratificación nf stratification, bedding |<br />
bedding cleavage | e. cruzada cross-bedding | e.<br />
diagonal cross-bedding | e. entrecruzada crossbedding<br />
| e. gradada graded bedding | e.<br />
graduada graded bedding | e. gradual graded<br />
bedding | e. inclinada inclined bedding | e.<br />
inclinada inversa backset bedding | e.<br />
intraplegada convolute bedding, slip bedding |<br />
e. lenticular lenticular bedding | e. masiva<br />
massive bedding | e. nodular nodular bedding<br />
| e. ondulada wavy bedding | e. ondulítica ripple<br />
bedding | e. rizada crinkle bedding, ripple<br />
bedding | e. seleccionada sorted bedding<br />
estratificado,-da adj stratified<br />
estratificar vtr to deposit, stratify<br />
estratiforme nm stratiform<br />
estratigrafía nf stratigraphy<br />
estratígrafo,-fa nm/f stratigrapher<br />
estratigráfico,-ca adj stratigraphic<br />
estrato nm stratum, bed, layer | e. anual varve |<br />
e. concordante concordant bed | e. conforme<br />
conformal bed | e. de cobertura cap rock | e.<br />
cruzante crossbed | e. disconcordante discordant<br />
bed | e. guijoso gravel layer | e. índice key bed<br />
estrechamiento nm thinning or pinching of a<br />
vein, etc.<br />
estrecharse vpr to thin or become narrow<br />
estrechez nf narrowness | gap, pass<br />
estrecho nm straight<br />
estrechón nm narrowness<br />
estrechura nf narrowness | narrows, gap, pass<br />
estrellarse la veta vpr [Pe] to thin out, peter out<br />
(vein), especially by passing into disseminated<br />
ore<br />
estría nf striation, stria | groove | e. glaciar<br />
glacial stria<br />
estriación nf striation<br />
estriado,-da adj striate<br />
estriadura nf striation<br />
estriar vtr to sort ore<br />
estribación nf spur | nfpl foothills<br />
estringa nf [Méx] stringer<br />
estroncianita nf strontianite<br />
estroncio nm stroncium<br />
estructura nf structure | texture | e.<br />
almohadillada ball-and-pillow structure, mullion<br />
structure | e. amigdaloide amygdaloidal<br />
structure | e. bandeada banded structure | e.<br />
cataclástica cataclastic structure | e.<br />
concreccionada concretionary structure | e. de<br />
despegue décollement structure | e. de muñon<br />
mullion structure | e. en lajas flaggy structure|<br />
e. fluidal fluid structure | e. microscópica<br />
microtexture | e. moniliforme boudinage | e.<br />
ojival ogive | e. sedimentaria sedimentary<br />
structure<br />
estructural adj structural<br />
estruniano,-na adj Strunian<br />
estruniense nm Strunian<br />
estuarino,-na adj estuarine<br />
estuario nm estuary, inlet<br />
estudio nm study | e. catastral cadastral survey<br />
etapa nf stage<br />
etiqueta nf tag (for samples)<br />
eugeosinclinal nm eugeosyncline<br />
euhedral adj euhedral<br />
euhédrico,-ca adj euhedral<br />
eupelágico,-ca adj eupelagic<br />
europio nm europium<br />
eustasia nf eustasy<br />
eustatismo nm eustasy<br />
eutéctico,-ca adj eutectic<br />
euxénico,-ca adj euxenic<br />
evaporación nf evaporation<br />
evaporita nf evaporite<br />
evento nm event<br />
evolución nf evolution<br />
exactitud nf accuracy<br />
exagonal adj hexagonal<br />
exaración nf exaration<br />
excavación nf excavation | e. a cielo abierto open<br />
pit | e. de ensayo test pit | | e. en escalones stope<br />
| e. en zanja trench<br />
excavador adj burrowing<br />
exento nm free of | e. de ácidos acid free<br />
exfoliación nf exfoliation | cleavage<br />
exfoliar vtr to exfoliate<br />
exhalación nf exhalation<br />
exhalante adj exhalant<br />
exhondación nf overdeepening<br />
exhumación nf exhumation<br />
exitela nf valentinite<br />
exógeno,-na adj exogenous<br />
exotérmico,-ca adj exothermic<br />
exploración nf exploration<br />
explorar vtr to explore<br />
exploratorio,-ria adj exploratory
E-6<br />
explosión nf explosion, blast | e. de abanico fan<br />
shooting<br />
explotación nf mining, exploitation | e. en<br />
descubierto open-pit mining, stripping, strip<br />
mining | e. por método minero oil mining<br />
explotar vtr to mine, exploit, work<br />
extensión nf extension | area, areal extent |<br />
range, extent | e. en acres acreage | e.<br />
estratigráfica stratigraphic range<br />
exterior nm exterior, outside | aboveground,<br />
surface at a mine<br />
extinguido,-da adj extinct<br />
extinguir vintr to become extinct<br />
extinto,-ta adj extinct<br />
extracción nf extraction, mining, production,<br />
recovery | sampling | e. con reposición<br />
sampling with replacement | e. por gas gas lift |<br />
e. sin reposición sampling without replacement |<br />
e. vigorizada enhanced recovery<br />
extracto nm extract<br />
extraíble adj minable<br />
extrusivo,-va adj extrusive<br />
exudación nf exudation<br />
eyección nf ejecta, accidental | e. juvenil juvenil<br />
ejecta<br />
ezteri nm bloodstone, a variety of jasper
F-1<br />
F<br />
fábrica nf fabric (petrographic) | f. siderúrgica<br />
iron works<br />
faceta nf facet (of a gem)<br />
facies nfpl facies | f. abisal abyssal facies | f.<br />
continental continental facies | f. costera coastal<br />
facies | f. de agua dulce freshwater facies | f.<br />
eólica aeolian facies | f. fluvial fluvial facies | f.<br />
glacial glacial facies | f. lacustre lacustrine facies<br />
| f. litoral coastal facies | f. marina marine facies<br />
| f. metamorficas metamorphic facies | f. nerítica<br />
neritic facies | f. sedimentarias sedimentary<br />
facies | de f. facieologic, facieological<br />
facoidal adj lenticular<br />
facolito nm phacolith, phacolite<br />
factor nm factor | f. común common factor | f. de<br />
contracción shrinkage factor | f. de escurrimiento<br />
[Col] runoff coefficient | f. de formación<br />
formattion resistivity factor | f. de grupo group<br />
factor | f. específico specific factor | f.<br />
volumétrico formation volume factor<br />
faena nf work, labor, task | workings | [Bol, Pe]<br />
unpaid work (a type of corvée) | [Ch] work<br />
gang, shift | f. mineral mine workings<br />
fahlbanda nf fahlband<br />
faja nf belt or zone of rock, mineralization, etc |<br />
band of mineral in a vein | f. petrolífera<br />
petroleum zone<br />
fajado nm prop (of mine timber)<br />
fajeado,-da adj banded<br />
falda nf slope, hillside | wing or leg of a saddle<br />
falsificar el mineral vtr to salt (a mine)<br />
falso,-sa adj false | f. matriz pseudo-matrix | f.<br />
peña false bedrock | f. salto false throw of a vein<br />
or fault<br />
falla nf fault | f. activa active fault | f. acostada<br />
thrust fault | f. antitética antithetic fault | f. casi<br />
vertical de dezplazamiento horizontal wrench fault<br />
| f. conforme conformable fault (to bedding) | f.<br />
corriente strike fault | f. de altoempuje upthrust<br />
fault | f. de ascenso normal fault | f. de<br />
buzamiento dip fault | f. de cabalgamiento overlap<br />
fault | f. de descenso reverse fault | f. de desgarre<br />
strike-slip fault | f. de despegue detachment fault<br />
| f. de desplazamiento horizontal strike-slip fault |<br />
f. de desplazamiento oblícuo oblique-slip fault | f.<br />
de dirección strike fault | f. diagonal inclined<br />
fault | f. escalonada step fault | f. de<br />
estratificación bedding-plane fault | f. de<br />
gravedad gravity fault, normal fault | f. directa<br />
normal fault | f. distributativa step fault | f. en<br />
escalera step fault | f. escalonada step fault | f.<br />
escarpada [Méx] fualt scarp | f. falsa pseudofault,<br />
horse | f. girada pivotal fault | f.<br />
gravitacional normal fault | f. horizontal strikeslip<br />
fault | f. inversa reverse fault | f. inversa de<br />
bajo angulo thrust fault, overthrust | f. lateral<br />
lateral fault | f. marginal boundary fault | f.<br />
normal normal fault | f. por empuje thrust fault |<br />
f. por empuje inferior underthrust fault | f.<br />
ramificada branching fault | f. rumbodeslizante<br />
strike-slip fault | f. según buzamiento dip-slip<br />
fault | f. simple normal fualt | f. sinsedimentaria<br />
synsedimentary fault | f. transformante<br />
transform fault | f. transcurrente strike slip fault<br />
| f. transversal dip fault<br />
fallado,-da adj faulted<br />
fallamiento nm faulting<br />
fallar vtr to fault<br />
fallo nm [Bol] fault deformation<br />
fameniano,-na adj Famennian<br />
fameniense adj Famennian<br />
fanega nf [Méx] unit of land measure (about 8.8<br />
acres)<br />
fanegada nf unit of area equivalent to 576<br />
estadales (about 6600 square meters) | unit of<br />
capacity of 225 to 555 liters<br />
fanerítico,-ca adj phaneritic<br />
fanerocristalino,-na adj phaneritic<br />
fanerómero,-ra adj phaneritic<br />
fangal nm marsh, bog<br />
fanglomerado nm fanglomerate<br />
fango nm mud, slime, ooze | sludge | [Isla<br />
Carmén, Méx] layer of black, earthy salt | f. de<br />
glaciar glacial mud or silt | f. mineral slimes<br />
fangoso,-sa adj muddy, silty<br />
farallón nm [Bol] wallrock | [Pe] outcrop of a<br />
vein<br />
farmacolita nf pharmacolite<br />
farmacosiderita nf pharmacosiderite<br />
fase nm phase<br />
fáunico,-ca adj faunal<br />
faunístico,-ca adj faunal<br />
faz nf front, face | f. de laboreo working face<br />
feldespático,-ca adj feldspathic<br />
feldespato nm feldspar | f. calizo anorthite | f. de<br />
cal anorthite | f. nacarado or opalado adularia | f.<br />
potásico potash feldspar | f. sódico albite | f.<br />
verde claro amazon stone | f. vítreo sanidine<br />
feldespatoide nm feldspathoid<br />
felsico,-ca adj felsic<br />
felsítico,-ca adj felsic, felsitic
F-2<br />
fémico,-ca adj mafic, femic<br />
fenacita nf phenakite<br />
fenaquita nf phenakite<br />
fenestra nf inlier, window<br />
fenocristal nm phenocryst<br />
fenómeno nm phenomena | f. del carst karst<br />
phenomena | f. tectónico tectonics<br />
ferralítico,-ca adj ferralitic<br />
ferrato nm ferrate<br />
férreo,-rea adj ferrous, iron-bearing<br />
ferrería nf iron works<br />
ferrete nm copper sulphate<br />
férrico,-ca adj ferric<br />
ferrífero,-ra adj iron-bearing<br />
ferrito nm ferrite (salt)<br />
ferromagnesiano,-na adj ferromagnesian<br />
ferromagnésico,-ca adj ferromagnesian<br />
ferromagnético,-ca adj ferromagnetic<br />
ferromagnetismo nm ferromagnetism<br />
ferromanganeso nm ferromanganese<br />
ferrometeorito nm iron meteorite<br />
ferroníquel nm ferronickel<br />
ferroso,-sa adj ferrous<br />
ferrugíneo,-nea adj ferruginous, iron-bearing<br />
ferruginoso,-sa adj ferruginous, iron-bearing<br />
fibra nf fiber | vein | [Parral, Méx] stockwork<br />
vein<br />
fibrazón nm the whole of the veins in a deposit<br />
or mine<br />
fibroso,-sa adj fibrous<br />
ficha nf index card, filing card | record<br />
fichar vtr to put on an index card | to file, index<br />
fichero nm card index | records<br />
fidelidad nf accuracy<br />
fierro nm iron<br />
fijo,-ja adj attached | no f. unattached<br />
fila nf row<br />
filada nf a variety of slate<br />
filamento nm filament<br />
filamentoso,-sa adj filamentous<br />
filiforme adj thread-like<br />
filita nf phyllite<br />
filo nm ridge<br />
filogenía nf phylogeny<br />
filón nm vein, lode (generally large) |<br />
mineralized seam or bed | gold mine | dike |<br />
gangue | [Méx] small stringer or intersecting<br />
vein | f. atravesado cross vein | f. brechoide<br />
breccia vein | f. capa bedded vein | f. ciego<br />
blind lode | f. clástico clastic dike | f. compuesto<br />
compound vein | f. cuneiforme gash vein | f. de<br />
carbón coal seam or measure | f. de contacto<br />
contact vein | f. de cuña gash vein | f. de diaclasa<br />
joint vein | f. de roca dike | f. en escalera or<br />
escalonado stair-step vein | f. en reticulado<br />
stockwork | f. en rosario en echelon vein | f.<br />
estratificado banded vein | f. hidrotermal<br />
hydrothermal vein | f. inclinado rake vein | f.<br />
intrusivo igneous dike | f. metalífero or mineral<br />
mineralized vein | f. principal master vein,<br />
mother lode | f. rocoso dike | f. sedimentario<br />
sedimentary vein or dike | f. simple ordinary<br />
vein of simple structure | f. sin afloramiento<br />
blind vein | f. sin crestón blind vein | f.<br />
transversal cross vein<br />
filoniano,-na adj vein or dike-like<br />
filonita nf phyllite-mylonite<br />
filonitización nf veining<br />
filtración nf seep | f. de petróleo oil seep | f. en<br />
frío cold pressing<br />
filtrado,-da adj filtered | nm filtering<br />
filtrador nm filter<br />
filtrante adj filtering | porous<br />
filtrar vtr/intr to filter | vpr to filter | to filtrate<br />
filtro nm filter | f. de entrada input filter<br />
fineza nf fineness<br />
finiquito nm quitclaim<br />
fino,-na adj fine | pure<br />
fino nm [Asturias, Sp] screened coal up to 6 mm<br />
in size | nmpl fines<br />
finura nf fineness<br />
fiordo nm fjord, fiord<br />
firme adj surface | fisible | fissile<br />
firn nm firn<br />
físico,-ca adj physical | nm/nf physicist<br />
fisicoquímico,-ca adj physiochemical | nf<br />
physical chemistry<br />
físil adj fissile<br />
fisilidad nf fissility<br />
fisión nf fission<br />
fisionable adj fissionable<br />
fisografía nf physiography<br />
fisura nf fissure<br />
fisuración nf spalling<br />
fisurarse vpr to crack<br />
fitógeno,-na adj phytogenic<br />
flabeliforme adj fan-shaped<br />
flanco nm flank | limb (of a fold) | hillside<br />
flaqueza nf [Pe] shaley structure<br />
flecha nf deflection<br />
flexibilidad nf flexibility<br />
flexura nf flexure | flexure folding<br />
filita nf phyllite<br />
físico,-ca adj physical
F-3<br />
flogopita nf phlogopite<br />
flojo,-ja adj loose<br />
flor nf bloom | f. de antimonio valentinite | f. de<br />
cinc hydrozincite | f. de cobalto erythrite | f. de<br />
cobre chalcotrichuite | flor de hierro flos ferri | f.<br />
de níquel annabergite<br />
flotabilidad nf buoyancy<br />
flotación nf flotation | f. diferencial differential<br />
floatation | f. selectiva selective floatation<br />
flourescencia nf flourescence<br />
fluctuación nf fluctuation | jitter<br />
fluctuar vintr to fluctuate | to oscillate<br />
fluente adj fluid | flowing<br />
fluidez nf fluidity<br />
fluído,-da adj fluid | nm fluid<br />
fluir vintr to flow, run<br />
flujo nm flow, stream | rising tide | flux | f. de<br />
caja cash flow | f. de escombrera debris flow | f.<br />
de fango mud flow | f. de lava lava flow | f.<br />
laminar laminar or platy flow | f. magnético<br />
magnetic flux | f. natural primary drive<br />
mechanism | f. turbulento turbulent flow<br />
flúor nm fluorine | f. espato fluorspar | f. fétido<br />
bituminous feldspar<br />
fluorescencia nf fluorescence<br />
fluorescente adj fluorescent<br />
fluorhidrato nm hydrofluoric acid<br />
fluorhidrico,-ca adj hydrofluoric<br />
fluorina nf fluorite<br />
fluoruro nm fluoride<br />
fluviomarino,-na adj fluviomarine<br />
foco nm focus | f. sísmico hypocenter | f.<br />
volcánico volcanic center<br />
foliación nf foliation<br />
foliado,-da adj foliated, foliate | no f. unfoliated<br />
foliatura nf foliation<br />
fondo nm background | bottom of a mine | f. de<br />
circo | f. de laboreo working face | f. del mar sea<br />
floor | f. del río riverbed<br />
fonolita nf phonolite | f. leucítica leucite<br />
phonolite | f. nefelínica nepheline phonolite<br />
foraminífero nm foramnifer, foram<br />
forastera nf [Bol] newly discovered vein or mine<br />
forma nf form, mode | f. de presentación mode of<br />
occurrence | f. enredada stockwork<br />
formación nf formation | [Col] clay and other<br />
material filling open spaces in a lode | f.<br />
productora pay zone | f. que le circundan host<br />
rock<br />
formal adj regular | [Méx] undisturbed<br />
formase vpr to be formed<br />
fórmico,-ca adj formic<br />
fórmula nf formula<br />
fosa nf trench | pit | graben | f. marginal trough<br />
| f. oceánica oceanic trench | f. posterior back<br />
deep | f. tectónica graben<br />
fosfático,-ca adj phosphatic<br />
fosfato nm phosphate<br />
fosfeno nm phosphate<br />
fosfito nm phosphite<br />
fosforado,-da adj phosphorous<br />
fosforecer or fosforescer vtr to phosphoresce<br />
fosforescencia nf phosphorescence<br />
fosforescente adj phosphorescent<br />
fosfórico,-ca adj phosphoric<br />
fosforita nf phosphorite<br />
fósforo nm phosphorous<br />
fosforoso,-sa adj phosphorous<br />
fosgenita nf phosgenite<br />
fósil nm fossil | any mineral or rock | f. guía<br />
index fossil | f. índice index fossil | f. viviente<br />
living fossil<br />
fosilífero,-ra adj fossiliferous<br />
fosilización nf fossilization<br />
fosilizarse vpr to fossilize, become fossilized<br />
foso nm ditch, trench | hole, pit | f. de lodo mud<br />
pit<br />
fótico,-ca adj photic<br />
fotoclinométro nm photoclinometer<br />
fotogeología nf photogeology<br />
fotografía nf photography | f. aérea aerial<br />
photography<br />
fracción nf fraction<br />
fraccionación nf fractionation<br />
fraccionamiento nm fractionation | cracking<br />
fraccionar vtr to crack | to fractionate<br />
fraccionario,-ria adj fractional (math)<br />
fractila nf fractile<br />
fractura nf fracture | f. escalonada step fault | f.<br />
pizarrosa slaty cleavage | f. marginal boundary<br />
fault | f. sencilla or junta joint | f. rellena filled<br />
fracture<br />
fracturar vtr/pr to fracture, break<br />
fracturación nf fracturation<br />
fracturamiento nm fracturing | f. intenso intense<br />
fracturing<br />
fragmentación nf fragmentation<br />
fragmentar vtr to fragment<br />
fragamento nm fragment<br />
frágil adj brittle<br />
fragilidad nf brittleness<br />
frailesca nf [Almadén, Sp] lenticular breccia<br />
masses found in schist<br />
francio nm francium
F-4<br />
franja nf fringe | belt | f. capilar capillary fringe<br />
| f. de sedimentos mud belt<br />
franjilla nf [Hualgáyoc, Pe] argentiferous galena<br />
with stibnite<br />
frasco nm flask (unit of measure for mercury)<br />
frasniano,-na adj Frasnian<br />
Frasniense nm Frasnian<br />
freático,-ca adj phreatic, subsurface<br />
frecuencia nf frequency | f. acumulada<br />
cumulative frequency<br />
freita nf [Santander, Sp] active landslide<br />
frente nm front | face, heading | f. de colina<br />
brow of a hill| f. de pliegue facing<br />
frentero nm miner employed at the working face<br />
of a mine<br />
friabilidad adj friability<br />
fricción nf friction<br />
frigoría nf kilocalorie<br />
frijolillo nm [Guanajuato, Méx] conglomerate<br />
frísol nm [Col] kidney-bean shapped cobble<br />
found in washing auriferous gravels<br />
fritamiento nm chilling effect<br />
frontón nm cliff (coastal) | pediment | working<br />
face (mines)<br />
fruta de mono nf gold pan made from the shell<br />
of a fruta de mono<br />
fruto nm ore | yield or product | en frutos in ore,<br />
carrying ore<br />
fucsita nf fuchsite<br />
fuchsita nf fuchsite<br />
fucoide nm fucoid<br />
fuente nm spring or source | f. alcalina alkaline<br />
spring | f. artesiana artesian spring | f.<br />
ascendente artesian spring | f. burga boiling<br />
spring | f. caliente hot spring (50°C) | f. perenne | f. periódica intermittent<br />
spring | f. salina salt spring | f. sulfurosa sulfur<br />
spring | f. termal thermal spring (20-50°C)<br />
fuerza nf force | power | f. de una prueba power<br />
of a (statistical) test<br />
fugacidad nf fugacity<br />
fumarola nf fumerole<br />
función nf function | f. aculmulata cumulative<br />
function | f. característica characteristic function<br />
| f. de decisión decision function | f. de densidad<br />
density function | f. de versimilitud likelihood<br />
function | f. generatriz generating function | f.<br />
periódica periodic function<br />
fundente adj melting | nm flux<br />
fundible adj fusible, easily melted<br />
fundición nf smelting | casting | fusion |<br />
melting | foundry, smelting works<br />
fundido,-da adj melted, fused<br />
fundidor nm smelter<br />
fundir vtr to melt, smelt of cast metal | to fuse |<br />
vpr to melt<br />
fundirse vpr to fuse, melt<br />
fuque nm [Méx] deepest point of an excavation<br />
furo nm channel<br />
fusalina nf smelting works<br />
fusibilidad nf fusibility<br />
fusión nf fusion, melting | f. residual residual<br />
melt<br />
fusionar vtr [Arg] to fuse, melt<br />
fuslina nf [Arg, Sp] smelter<br />
fusulina nf fusulinid
G-1<br />
G<br />
gabarro nm xenolith | nodular fragment of rock<br />
or ore<br />
gábrico,-ca adj gabbroic<br />
gabro nm gabbro<br />
gadolino nm gadolinium<br />
galactita nf fuller's earth<br />
galápago nm pig of copper, lead or tin<br />
galemador nm furnace for roasting silver ores<br />
galemar vtr to roast silver ores<br />
galeme nm [Méx] a reverberatory furnace of 1 to<br />
3 arrobas capacity<br />
galenita nf galena<br />
galera nf an irregularly shaped ore deposit |<br />
furnace for distilling sulphur<br />
galería nf gallery | g. cárstica karst cave<br />
galerón nm an irregular deposit of large size<br />
galga nf boulder<br />
galimador nm [Cerro Gordo, CA] reverberatory<br />
furnace<br />
galmeíta nf carbonates and silicates of zinc<br />
galleta nf [Asturias, Sp] screened coal (20-50 mm)<br />
gallinazo nm [Titiribí, Col] sphalerite<br />
gallo nm [Méx] rich ore with needles or grains of<br />
gold and silver | a lump of native metal,<br />
nugget<br />
gambusino nm prospector | [Méx] itinerant<br />
miner who high-grades a deposit and then<br />
moves on to another<br />
gamella nf gold pan<br />
gammagrafía nf gamma ray log<br />
gándara nf low wasteland<br />
ganchudo,-da adj hackly<br />
gandinga nf fine ore | nfpl concentrates<br />
gang nm dike | vein<br />
ganga nf gangue | g. cuarzosa vein quartz<br />
ganita nf gahnite<br />
garbancillo nm [Sp] fine gravel<br />
garbillar vtr to screen (minerals)<br />
garbillo nm screen<br />
garganta nf gorge<br />
garimpeiro nm placer miner<br />
gas nm natural gas | gasoline | g. acido sour gas<br />
| g. asociado associated gas | g. condensado gas<br />
condensate | g. crudo raw gas | g. de petróleo<br />
liquado liquified petroleum gas | g. de pozo de<br />
petróleo bradenhead gas | g. disuelto solution<br />
gas | g. grisú methane | g. humedo condensate<br />
rich gas, wet gas | g. juvenil juvenile gas | g.<br />
libre unassociated gas | g. licuado condensate |<br />
g. natural natural gas | g. no asociado<br />
nonassociated gas | g. pobre lean gas, producer<br />
gas | g. seco dry gas<br />
gasificación nf gasification<br />
gasificar vtr to gasify<br />
gasoducto nm gas pipeline<br />
gasóleo nm diesel oil, gas oil<br />
gasolina nf gasoline<br />
gastable adj erodible<br />
gastar vtr to wear away, erode<br />
gasterópodo nm gastropod<br />
gasto nm volume of flow, discharge | g. de<br />
derrame runoff rate | g. sólido bed load<br />
gastos nmpl charges, expenses, costs | g. de<br />
desarollo development costs | g. de fundición<br />
smelting charges<br />
gausio nm gauss<br />
gaveta nf [PR] gold pan<br />
gaylussita nf gaylussite<br />
gedinniano,-na adj Gedinnian<br />
gedinniense nm Gedinnian<br />
géiser nm geyser<br />
geiserita nf geyserite<br />
gelatinoso,-sa adj colloid, gelatinous<br />
gelificarse vpr to gel<br />
gelifracción nf congelifraction<br />
gelisol nm frozen ground<br />
gelivación nf congelifraction<br />
geloide nm firn ice<br />
gema nf gem, precious stone<br />
geminación nf twinning<br />
gemmología nf gemmology<br />
gemmoscopio nm binocular microscope<br />
género nm genus (pl genera)<br />
genético,-ca adj genetic<br />
genotipo nm genotype<br />
geoanticlinal nm geoanticline, geanticline<br />
geociencia nf geoscience, earth science<br />
geocrático,-ca adj epeirocratic<br />
geocronita nf geochronite<br />
geocronología nf geochronology<br />
geocronológico,-ca adj geochronological<br />
geoda nf geode<br />
geodepresión nf geodepression<br />
geodesía nf geodesy<br />
geodésico,-ca adj geodesic, geodetic | nf<br />
geodesy, geodetics<br />
geodesta nm geodesist<br />
geodético,-ca adj geodetic<br />
geodinámico,-ca adj geodynamic | nf<br />
geodynamics
G-2<br />
geofísico,-ca adj geophysical | nf geophysics |<br />
nm/f geophysicist | g. aplicado applied<br />
geophysiscist<br />
geófono nm geophone<br />
geognosia nf geology<br />
geohidrología nf geohydrology<br />
geoide nm geoid<br />
geoisoterma nf geoisotherm<br />
geología nf geology | g. aplicada applied geology<br />
| g. aplicada a la ingenería engineering geology |<br />
g. de minas mine geology | g. del petróleo<br />
petroleum geology | g. dinámica dynamic<br />
geology | g. económica economic geology | g.<br />
estructural structural geology | g. física physical<br />
geology | g. general general geology | g.<br />
histórica historical geology | g. marina marine<br />
geology<br />
geológico,-ca adj geological<br />
geólogo,-ga nm/f geologist<br />
geomagnético,-ca adj geomagnetic | nf<br />
geomagnetics<br />
geomagnetismo nm geomagnetism<br />
geomorfología nf geomorphology<br />
geoquímico,-ca adj geochemical | nm or f<br />
geochemist | nf geochemistry<br />
georgiano,-na adj Georgian<br />
Georgiense nm Georgian<br />
geosinclinal adj geosynclinal | nm geosyncline,<br />
geosynclinal<br />
geosutura nf geosuture<br />
geotéctonico,-ca adj tectonic | nf geotectonics<br />
geotérmico,-ca adj geothermal | nf geothermics<br />
germanotípico,-ca adj Germanotype<br />
gersdorfita nf gersdorffite<br />
giba nf hump (rundhöcker)<br />
gibsita nf gibbsite<br />
gigante nm monitor, giant (used in hydraulic<br />
mining of placers)<br />
giobertita nf magnesite<br />
girasol nm fire opal<br />
givetiano,-na adj Givetian<br />
givetiense adj Givetian<br />
glaciación nf glaciation | g. final latest (Würm)<br />
glaciation | g. local local glaciation<br />
glaciar adj glacial | nm glacier | g. activo active<br />
glacier | g. alpino alpine or mountain glacier |<br />
g. colgante hanging glaciar | g. continental<br />
continental glacier | g. de circo cirque glaciar |<br />
g. de montaña alpine or mountain glacier | g. de<br />
plateau plateau glaciar | g. de roca rock glacier |<br />
g. de valle alpine or valley glacier | g. fluyente<br />
active or flowing glacier | g. groenlandés<br />
continental glacier | g. rocoso rock glaciar<br />
glaciario,-ria adj glacial<br />
glaciarismo nm glaciology<br />
glacioeólico,-ca adj glacio-eolitic<br />
glaciología nf glaciology<br />
glaucodot nm glaucophane<br />
glaucofana nf glaucophane<br />
glauconia nf glauconite<br />
glauconítico,-ca adj glauconitic<br />
glauconitización nf glauconitization<br />
gleba nf [Alicante, Sp] thin layer of precipitated<br />
salt | g. tectónica fault block<br />
gliptogénesis nf glyptogenesis<br />
globo nm globe, sphere<br />
globulito nm microlite<br />
glóbulo nm globule<br />
globuloso,-sa adj globular<br />
gmelita nf gmelinite<br />
gneis nm gneiss<br />
gnéisico,-ca adj gneissic<br />
gneisoide adj gneissoid<br />
geotita nf goethite<br />
golfo nm gulf<br />
goma nf glue | g. arábiga gum arabic | g. de<br />
tragacanto gum tragacanth<br />
goniógrafo nm [Sp] plane table<br />
goniómetro nm goniometer<br />
gongora nf [Col] cavity or vug in a lode<br />
gongorado,-da adj vuggy<br />
gotera nf precipitate | g. calcárea calcareos sinter<br />
gotlandiense adj Silurian<br />
grada nf stope | g. al revés overhand stope | g.<br />
abierta open stope | g. de relleno filled stope | g.<br />
derecha underhand stope | g. ramal branch<br />
stope<br />
gradiente nm gradient | g. adiobático adiobatic<br />
gradient | g. hidráulico hydraulic gradient | g.<br />
geotérmico geothermal gradient | g. gravimétrico<br />
gravitational gradient | g. térmico thermal<br />
gradient<br />
grado nm degree | gradient | g. de libertad<br />
degrees of freedom | g. geotérmico geothermal<br />
gradient<br />
graficador nm plotter<br />
gráfico,-ca adj graphic | nf graphics | graph,<br />
chart | nm graph, chart<br />
grafítico,-ca adj graphitic<br />
grafito nm graphite | g. natural natural graphite<br />
grafitoso,-sa adj [Vz] graphitic<br />
gramo nm gram<br />
granada nf garnet
G-3<br />
granalla nf small grains of metal, generally gold<br />
granate adj garnet (color) | nf garnet |<br />
[Guadalcázar, Méx] crystalline cinnabar | g.<br />
almandino almandinite<br />
granatífero,-ra adj garnetiferous, garnet-bearing<br />
grancilla nf [Sevilla, Sp] screened coal (15-30<br />
mm) | [Asturias, Sp] screened coal (5-12 mm)<br />
granipórfido,-da adj [Vz] granophyre<br />
granítico,-ca adj granitic<br />
granitización nf granitization<br />
granito nm granite | small grain | hair, streak or<br />
point that diminishes the quality of a diamond<br />
| g. anfibólico amphibole granite | g. biotítico<br />
biotite granite | g. micáceo mica granite | g.<br />
potásico potash granite<br />
granitoide nm granitoid<br />
granitoideo,-dea adj granitoid<br />
grano nm grain | grain, a weight | de g. fino fine<br />
grained | de g. grueso coarse grained | de g.<br />
medio medium grained<br />
granoblástico,-ca adj granoblastic<br />
granofírico,-ca adj granophyric<br />
granofiro nm granophyre<br />
granosidad nf granularity<br />
granoso,-sa adj granular<br />
granudo,-da adj granular, granulate, granulated<br />
granulación nf granulation<br />
granulado,-da adj granulated | nm granulation<br />
granular adj granular, granulate, granulated<br />
gránulo nm granule<br />
granulometría nf granulometry<br />
granuloso,-sa adj granulose, granular<br />
granza nf [Arg] crushed stone | [New Almaden,<br />
Calif] coarse mercury ore | [Cu] gravel | [Méx]<br />
fragments of ore from about the size of rice to<br />
that of an egg | [Guanajuato, Méx] fourth class<br />
of ore, about 80 ounce silver to the ton | g. de<br />
yunque [San Dimas, Méx] smalls | [Huitzuco,<br />
Méx] middlings of mercury ore | [Asturias, Sp]<br />
screened coal (10-25mm)<br />
granzita nf [Almadén, Sp] coarse-grained ores<br />
granzón nm gravel<br />
graptolito nm graptolite<br />
grasero nm slag pile<br />
grasoso,-sa adj greasy<br />
grauvaca nf greywacke | g. feldespática arkosic<br />
wacke<br />
grauwaca nf greywacke<br />
grava nf gravel | [Cartagena, Sp] ore of 6 to 8<br />
percent lead | g. de boleos boulder gravel | g. de<br />
cantera pit gravel | g. de guijas [Vz] granule<br />
gravel | g. de mina pit gravel | g. de playa beach<br />
gravel | g. en bruto pit-run gravel | g. fluvial<br />
river gravel | g. graduada graded gravel | g.<br />
provechosa pay gravel | g. sin cribar unscreened<br />
gravel | g. tal como sale unscreened gravel<br />
gravedad nf gravity | g. específica specific gravity<br />
gravadora nf [Sp] gravel screen<br />
gravera nf gravel pit<br />
gravilla nf fine gravel<br />
gravilladora nf [Sp] gravel screen<br />
gravimetría nf gravimetry<br />
gravimétrico,-ca adj gravimetric<br />
gravímetro nm gravimeter<br />
gravitación nf gravitation, gravity<br />
gravitacional adj gravitational<br />
gravoso,-sa adj [Méx] gravelly<br />
greca nf irregular workings<br />
greda nf marl | chalk | fuller's earth | [Bol]<br />
barren gravel above pay-dirt in placers| [Guy]<br />
highly alterered schist bedrock to placers| [Vz]<br />
pay-dirt | g. dura [Col] carboniferous, ironbearing<br />
schist<br />
gredal nm clay pit<br />
gredoso,-sa adj chalky, marly, clayey<br />
grenoquita nf greenockite<br />
gremio nm society, guild, corporation | trade<br />
union | g. de azogueros [Potosí, Bol] association<br />
of miners | g. de cumuris association of ore<br />
transporters | g. de dueños association of<br />
(mostly absentee) mine owners | g. de mineros<br />
miner's association<br />
gres nm sandstone | potter's clay<br />
greta nf fuller's earth | [Méx] litharge<br />
gretoso nm [Chico, Méx] silver sulfide-bearing<br />
gossan<br />
grieta nf narrow fissure, crack, crevice | joint |<br />
g. autoclástica autoclastic fissure | g. capilar<br />
hairline crack | g. de contracción frost crack | g.<br />
de desecación mud crack | g. de enfriamiento<br />
cooling joint | g. de erupción fissure vent | g. de<br />
glaciar crevasse | g. glaciar crevasse | g.<br />
marginal marginal crevasse<br />
grietarse vpr to crack<br />
grieteado,-da adj cracked<br />
grieteo nm formation of fissures<br />
grietoso,-sa adj cracked<br />
gris adj grey | nm grey | g. perla pearl grey<br />
grisáceo,-cea adj greyish<br />
grosor nm thickness<br />
grosularia nf grossularite<br />
grosularita nf grossularite<br />
grueso,-sa adj thick | coarse | hard (water)
G-4<br />
grueso nm thickness of a bed, vein, etc. |<br />
[Sevilla, Sp] large coal (600mm in size) |<br />
[Arnao, Sp] coal up to 7 cm in size<br />
grupo nm group | cluster | g. de volcanes<br />
volcanic cluster<br />
gruta nf cave, grotto, cavern<br />
guache nm [Col] a layer between pay-dirt and<br />
overburden of low-grade in placers | loose<br />
stones derived from bedrock of a placer<br />
guadaloso,-sa adj swampy<br />
guaico nm [Col] excavation of indiginous origin<br />
guaira nf [Bol, Pe] a small, clay windblown<br />
smelting furnace used by Indians to refine<br />
high-grade silver ores<br />
gualda nf [Pe] chalcopyrite | [Chacas, Pe]<br />
bornite<br />
gualdado,-da adj yellow<br />
gualdo,-da adj yellow<br />
guanero,-ra adj guano<br />
guaracú nm [Col] basalt, diorite, or greenstone<br />
guaraturo nm [Vz] flint | quartz<br />
güedal nm [Inguaran, Méx] copper skarn<br />
deposit<br />
guía nf highest grade part of an orebody | [Ch]<br />
small, lateral veins | [Pe] veinlet in a stockwork<br />
| g. mejicana small earthenware plate in which<br />
amalgam was tested during the patio process of<br />
amalgamation of silver ores<br />
guija nf pebble, gravel, cobble | matrix, gangue<br />
| [Méx] milky or bull quartz | [Batopilas, Méx]<br />
calcite | g. de oro [Guanajuato, Méx] goldbearing<br />
quartz<br />
guijarra nf stony place<br />
guijarro nm cobble, pebble, stone<br />
guijarroso,-sa adj stony, pebbly<br />
guijo nm gravel<br />
güijole nm [Durango, Méx] wood tin found in<br />
rhyolite, generally kidney shaped<br />
guijoso,-sa adj pebbly, gravelly<br />
guinche nm winch | hoist<br />
guiñar vtr to change direction, as for a vein, etc.<br />
güiris nm mining expert
H-1<br />
H<br />
haba nf nodule | nodular (bean-like) piece of ore<br />
encased in gangue<br />
habilitación nf outfit, equipment; fitting out<br />
habilitar vtr to equip, fit out<br />
hábito nm habit<br />
hacer vtr to make | h. la ceja [Col] to recover<br />
gold from a gold pan | h. mina to make a mine,<br />
that is, be profitable to work | h. tierras [Méx]<br />
to work a placer<br />
hacienda nf smelting or reduction works | h. de<br />
beneficio amalgamation works | h. de cianuración<br />
cyanide plant | h. de fundición smelting works |<br />
h. de maquila custom mill | h. de minas silver or<br />
other refinery, generally applied to<br />
amalgamation works | h. de sacar plata por el<br />
beneficio de azogue amalgamation works<br />
halmirógeno,-na adj halmyrogenic<br />
halmirolisis nf halmyolysis<br />
halocínesis nf halokinesis, salt tectonics<br />
halogénico,-ca adj halogenic<br />
halógeno,-na adj halogenous | nm halogen<br />
haloisita nf halloysite<br />
halotriquita nf halotrichite<br />
hallazgo nm discovery, as of a deposit, etc.<br />
halloisita nf hallyosite<br />
hamada nf hammada<br />
hankoamaña nm [Potosí, Bol] member of a<br />
cuadrilla or gang of weekend mestizo miners<br />
who worked the mines for their own benefit<br />
from Saturday night to Monday nights and on<br />
feast days<br />
harina nf fine powder of metal or ore | h. de roca<br />
rock flour | h. fósil or silicea diatamaceous earth<br />
or tripoli<br />
harmotoma nf harmotome<br />
harnear vtr [Col, Ch] to sift, screen<br />
hastial nm lateral wall of an excavation | surface<br />
of any wall of a deposit | side of a deposit | h.<br />
de piso [Bol] footwall | h. de techo [Bol] hanging<br />
wall<br />
hauteriviano,-na adj Hauterivian<br />
hauteriviense adj Hauterivian<br />
haüyna nf hauynite, hauyne<br />
haz nf group of deposits<br />
hebra nf vein | layer, bed or stratum<br />
hebrudo nm [Huitzuco, Méx] barcenite<br />
hectara nf hectare<br />
hectárea nf hectare<br />
hediondo,-da adj fetid<br />
helero nm glacier | ice sheet<br />
helio nm helium<br />
heliodoro nm heliodor (gem beryl)<br />
heliotropo nm heliotrope, bloodstone<br />
helveciano,-na adj Helvetian<br />
helveciense adj Helvetian<br />
helvetiano,-na adj Helvetian<br />
helvetiense adj Helvetian<br />
hematita nf hematite | h. botrioidea botryoidal<br />
hematite | h. especular specular hematite | h.<br />
ocrosa ocherous hematite | h. oolítica oolitic<br />
hematite | h. parda limonite | h. roja nonspecular<br />
(red) hematite<br />
hematítico,-ca adj hematitic<br />
hematización nf hematization<br />
hembergiense adj Hembergian<br />
hemera nf hemera<br />
hemiedro,-dra adj hemihedral<br />
hemimórfico,-ca adj hemimorphic<br />
hemimorfita nf hemimorphite<br />
hemipelágico,-ca adj hemipelagic<br />
hemisférico,-ca adj hemispheric<br />
hemisferio nm hemisphere<br />
hender vtr/pr to cleave, split, crack<br />
hendible adj fissile, cleavable<br />
hendidura nf fissure, crevice, crack, split or rent<br />
| rift<br />
hendimiento nm splitting, cleaving, cracking<br />
heptano nm heptane | h.-normal n-heptane<br />
herciniano,-na adj Hercynian<br />
hercinita nf hercynite<br />
hercio nm Hertz<br />
herido nm [Ch] trench<br />
hervezón nm [Col] alluvium<br />
hervidero nm boiling spring | mud volcano<br />
hesita nf hessite<br />
hetangiano,-na adj Hetangian<br />
hetangiense adj Hetangian<br />
heteroblástico,-ca adj heteroblastic<br />
heteromorfismo nm heteromorphism<br />
heterópico,-ca adj heteropic<br />
heteroscedasticidad nf heteroscedasticity<br />
hettangiense adj Hettangian<br />
hexaedro nm hexahedron<br />
hexeno nm hexane<br />
hialino,-na adj hyaline | nf hyaline<br />
hialita nf hyalite<br />
hiato nm hiatus<br />
híbrido,-da adj hybrid | nm hybrid<br />
hidatógeno,-na adj hydatogenic<br />
hidrargillita nf hydrargillite<br />
hidratación nf hydration
H-2<br />
hidratar vtr to hydrate<br />
hidrato nm hydrate<br />
hidrocarburo nm hydrocarbon<br />
hidrocincita nf hydrozincite<br />
hidrocloruro nm hydrogen chloride<br />
hidrocraqueo nm hydrocracking<br />
hidrodinámico,-ca adj hydrodynamic<br />
hidrógeno nm hydrogen | h. pesado deuterium |<br />
h. sulfurado hydrogen sulfide<br />
hidrogeología nf hydrogeology<br />
hidrografía nf hydrography<br />
hidrolacolito nm pingo<br />
hidrólisis nf hydrolysis<br />
hidrolita nf hydrolith<br />
hidrología nf hydrology | h. de aguas<br />
subterráneas groundwater hydrology<br />
hidrólogo nm hydrologist<br />
hidromuscovita nf illite<br />
hidrósfera nf hydrosphere<br />
hidrosilicato nm hydrosilicate<br />
hidrostático,-ca adj hydrostatic<br />
hidrotermal adj hydrothermal<br />
hidrotérmico,-ca adj hydrothermal<br />
hidróxido nm hydroxide<br />
hielo nm ice| h. de glaciar glacial ice<br />
hierro nm iron | iron ore | [Méx] low grade<br />
silver ore of 20 to 35 ounce per ton | h. acicular<br />
goethite | h. arcilloso clayey ironstone | h.<br />
arsenical arsenopyrite | h. azul vivianite | h.<br />
blanco arsenopyrite | h. brillante specularite | h.<br />
cromado chromite | h. de pradera bog iron ore |<br />
h. de (los) pantanos bog iron ore | h. de (los)<br />
prados bog iron ore | h. de los estanques bog iron<br />
ore | h. espático siderite | h. especular<br />
specularite | h. espejado specularite | h. espinela<br />
hercynite | h. fangoso bog iron ore | h. limoso<br />
bog iron ore | h. magnético magnetite | h.<br />
magnetífero [Cartagena, Sp] ore carrying 33%<br />
metallic iron | h. meteórico iron from a meteor |<br />
h. nativo native iron | h. oligisto hematite | h.<br />
pantanoso bog iron ore | h. pardo limonite | h.<br />
rojo hematite | h. seco [Cartagena, Sp] ore<br />
carrying 50% or better metallic iron | h. titanado<br />
ilmenite | h. viejo scrap iron | [Pe] iron oxiderich<br />
silver ore<br />
hígado nm [Pe] gold-bearing iron oxide | a<br />
lenticular deposit of gold<br />
hijuela nf small thread of ore or mineral<br />
hilo nm small vein or thread of ore in a vein | h.<br />
alto small vein coming out of the hanging wall<br />
| h. bajo small veins going into the footwall | h.<br />
de cajón vertical vein | h. de la veta strike of a<br />
vein | h. del criadero strike or direction of a<br />
deposit | h. del desposorio [Villalpando, Méx]<br />
small veins of gold-bearing clay | a h. de veta<br />
along strike of a vein<br />
hinchado,-da adj swollen<br />
hincharse vpr to swell, as for clays<br />
hinchazón nm increase in volume of rock<br />
extracted from a mine due to breakage<br />
hiperstena nf hypersthene<br />
hipidiomorfo,-fa adj hypidiomorphic<br />
hipocentro nm hypocenter<br />
hipocristalino,-na adj hypocrystalline<br />
hipogénico,-ca adj hypogene<br />
hipolímnico,-ca adj hypolimnetic<br />
hipomagma nf hypomagma<br />
hipótesis nf hypothesis | h. alternativa<br />
alternative hypothesis | h. compuesta<br />
compound hypothesis | h. nula null hypothesis<br />
| h. simple simple hypothesis<br />
histograma nm histogram<br />
historia nf history | h. de la tierra earth's history<br />
hito nm survey monument | h. de límite<br />
boundary monument<br />
hocino nm narrows, canyon, gorge<br />
hofmanita nf hofmannite<br />
hogar nm hearth | h. escoriador slag hearth | de h.<br />
abierto open hearth<br />
hoja nm slab or sheet (of metal) | nappe | h. de<br />
arrastre nappe | h. de libro [Guanajuato, Méx]<br />
ampelite | h. de papel finely laminated clay,<br />
slate or talc | h. de pizarra slab of slate<br />
hojoso,-sa adj laminated<br />
holmio nm holmium<br />
holocénico,-ca adj Holocene<br />
holoceno,-na adj Holocene | nm Holocene<br />
holocristalino,-na adj holocrystalline<br />
holoedro nm holohedron<br />
holocarst nm holokarst<br />
holotipo nm holotype<br />
homeoblástico,-ca adj homeoblastic<br />
homoclinal nm homocline<br />
homogeneidad nf homogeneity<br />
homogéneo,-nea adj homogenous<br />
homoscedasticidad nf homoscedasticity<br />
homotáxico,-ca adj homotaxial<br />
hondo,-da adj deep | low, low-lying (land) | nm<br />
bottom | depth<br />
hondonada nf trough, depression | hollow, dip,<br />
ravine | h. cárstica karst depression<br />
hondura nf depth | [Col] large pothole in<br />
bedrock of a placer
H-3<br />
horizonte nm bed, layer, stratum | seam |<br />
horizon | h. del suelo soil horizon | h. guía<br />
datum | h. petrolífero oil-bearing formation<br />
hornablenda nf hornblende | h. esquistosa<br />
hornblende schist<br />
hornabléndico,-ca adj hornblende<br />
hornablendeífero,-ra adj hornblende-bearing<br />
hornacho nm excavation<br />
hornada nf [met] a melt<br />
hornaguear vtr to work or extract hard coal<br />
hornaguera nf hard coal | h. apizarrada slate coal<br />
| terreno de h. coal measures<br />
hornaguero,-ra adj bearing hard coal<br />
hornaza nf small furnace<br />
hornfelsa nf hornfels<br />
hornfelsítico,-ca adj hornfelsic<br />
hornillo nm small furnace<br />
horno nm kiln | furnace | h. de cal lime kiln | h.<br />
de ensayar assay furnace | h. de foso pit furnace<br />
| h. de fundición smelting furnace | [Méx] blast<br />
furnace | h. de reverbero reverberatory furnace<br />
horrura nf scoria, dross<br />
horsteno nm chert<br />
hoya nf any deep excavation | pit, ditch, hole |<br />
basin, trough | sink | pothole in a river bed |<br />
valley, dale | [Pe] river bed | h. de drenaje<br />
watershed | h. de explosión shot hole | h. glacial<br />
kettle hole<br />
hoyada nf depression, hollow, dip<br />
hoyar vtr to dig holes in, make holes<br />
hoyo nm hole, pit | h. de disparo shot hole<br />
hoz nf gorge, ravine<br />
huachaca nf [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] ore paid to<br />
workers or lessors<br />
huaico nm [Arg, Pe] debris flow, mud flow<br />
huaillaripear vtr [Pe] to steal ore | to extract<br />
gold from tailings by means of running water<br />
and sheepskins<br />
huairona nf [Pe] lime kiln<br />
huairuna nf [Pe] small, earthen retort used to<br />
recover mercury from amalgam<br />
huambi nm [Pe] realgar<br />
huarina nf [Potosí, Bol] member of a cuadrillo or<br />
gang of weekend creole miners who worked the<br />
mines for their own benefit from Saturday<br />
night to Monday morning and on feast days<br />
huayre nm [Potosí, Bol] clay reduction furnace<br />
once used by Indians<br />
huecarrera nf cavern filled with ore in the form<br />
of stalagmites and stalagtites<br />
hueco,-ca adj hollow | loose | nm vug<br />
huella nf track, trace | [Méx] trace of gold<br />
recovered in assaying | h. de fisión fission track<br />
hueso nm [Ch] yellowish, compact sodium<br />
nitrate<br />
huevo nm [Col] belly or swollen piece of ore in<br />
a beaded vein | large boulder in alluvium or<br />
soil<br />
huincha nf [Bol, Ch] measuring tape<br />
huinche nm winch<br />
huincho nm [Pe] magnetite | hematite<br />
hulla nf black bituminous coal | h. apizarrada<br />
slate coal | h. blanca white coal | h. brillante<br />
anthracite | h. cannel cannel coal | h. de llama<br />
bituminous coal | h. grasa soft coal | h. magra<br />
non-coking anthracite | h. para gas gas coal | h.<br />
picaforme jet | h. seca coking coal<br />
hullero,-ra adj coal | nf coal mine | coal bed |<br />
nm coal miner<br />
hullífero,-ra adj coal-bearing<br />
hullita nf anthracite<br />
humedecer vtr to moisten, humidify<br />
humedad nf humidity | h. de cantera quarry<br />
water | h. del suelo soil moisture<br />
húmedo,-da adj humid, wet, damp<br />
humilde metal nm [Pe] silver ore that readily<br />
amalgamates<br />
humita nf humite<br />
humo nm smoke | los humos [Cerro de Pasco,<br />
Pe] 'the smoke', a controversy brought about by<br />
the installation of a copper smelter without<br />
even so much as a bag house for pollution<br />
control<br />
humor nm [BC, Méx] trace<br />
hundido,-da adj caved | nm dip<br />
hundimiento nm subsidence | caving | dip of a<br />
bed | pitch of a fold axis | h. en caldero caldron<br />
subsidence<br />
hundirse vpr to dip | to subside | to cave<br />
huroniano,-na adj Huronian
I-1<br />
iacotinga nf [Br] quartz-hematite-gold ore<br />
icenense adj Icenian | nm Icenian<br />
icosaedro nm icosahedron<br />
icositetraedro nm icositetrahedron<br />
ida y vuelta nf round trip (in drilling)<br />
idioblástico,-ca adj idioblastic<br />
idiocromático,-ca adj idiochromatic<br />
idiógeno,-na adj syngenetic<br />
idiomorfo,-fa adj idiomorphic<br />
idocrasa nf vesuvianite, idocrase<br />
igarapés nmpl branches of a river<br />
ígneo,-nea adj igneous<br />
ignífugo,-ga adj refractory<br />
Igualadense nm Igualadian<br />
ilita nf illite<br />
iluminación nf illumination<br />
iluvial adj illuvial<br />
imagen nf image<br />
imán nm magnet, loadstone | magnetite<br />
imanación nf magnetization<br />
imanar or imantar vtr to magnetize | vpr to<br />
become magnetized<br />
imantación nf magnetization<br />
imbibición nf imbibition, absorption<br />
imbricación nf imbrication, overlapping<br />
imbricado,-da adj imbricated, imbricate,<br />
overlapping<br />
imbricar vtr to imbricate, overlap<br />
imma nf red ocher<br />
impacción nf impact<br />
impacto nm impact<br />
impar adj odd, uneven | nm odd number<br />
impedancia nf impedance | i. acústica acoustic<br />
impedence<br />
impederreventones nmpl [Vz] blowout<br />
preventer (on a drill rig)<br />
impermeabilidad nf impermeability<br />
impermeable adj impermeable | impervious<br />
impregnación nf impregnation<br />
impregnado,-da adj impregnated<br />
impregnar vtr to impregnate | vpr to become<br />
impregnated<br />
impresión nf impression, imprint<br />
impronta nf impression, imprint, cast, mark<br />
impuesto nm tax | i. de producción severance tax<br />
impulsar vtr to drive<br />
impulsión nf natural drive mechanism for oil<br />
and gas pools | i. por agua water drive | i. por<br />
I<br />
casquete de gas gas cap drive | i. por gas disuelto<br />
solution gas drive | i. por gravedad gravity drive<br />
impulso nm impusle<br />
impureza nf impurity<br />
impurificado,-da adj impure, contaminated<br />
impurificar vtr to contaminate<br />
impuro,-ra adj impure<br />
inagotable adj inexhaustible<br />
inanga nf a gray nephrite<br />
inarmónico,-ca adj disharmonic, inharmonic<br />
incarbonización nf coalification<br />
inciso,-sa adj incised<br />
inclinación nf declivity, slope | gradient | [Arg,<br />
Ch] dip | i. magnética magnetic dip | sin i.<br />
aclinic<br />
inclinado,-da adj inclined<br />
inclinarse vpr to dip | to slope, rake<br />
inclinométro nm dipmeter | clinometer,<br />
inclinometer<br />
incluído,-da adj imbedded, included<br />
inclusión nf inclusion | i. anexa cognate<br />
inclusion | i. de escoria salg inclusion | i.<br />
exógena xenolith | i. fluida fluid inclusion | i.<br />
gaseosa gas inclusion | i. negativa negative<br />
crystal | i. sólida solid inclusion<br />
incoherente adj incoherent, unconsolidated<br />
incoloro,-ra adj colorless<br />
incolumita nf flexible sandstone<br />
incompetente adj incompetent<br />
incongruente adj incongruent, incongruous<br />
inconsecuente adj inconsequent<br />
inconsistente adj unstable, loose, uncompacted<br />
incorporación nf incorporation (coalification)<br />
incorporado nm yard within a hacienda de minas<br />
where amalgamation took place<br />
increción nf incretion<br />
incremento nm increment, recharge<br />
incrustación nf incrustation, inlay | scale<br />
incrustado,-da adj incrusted, incrustate |<br />
embedded<br />
incrustante adj incrusting, scale-forming | nm<br />
incrustant<br />
incrustar vtr to incrust, inlay | vpr to embed<br />
itself<br />
incurrente adj incurrent, influent<br />
independencia nf independence | i. en<br />
probabilidad indepenence in probability<br />
indicación nf indication, generally favorable for<br />
ore<br />
indicador nm radioactive tracer | i. de<br />
deformación strain gauge | i. de desviación drift
I-2<br />
indicator | i. de pH pH meter | i. de profundidad<br />
depth meter<br />
indicatriz nf indicatrix<br />
índice nm index | í. calco-alcalino alkali-lime<br />
index | í. de dureza hardness number | í. de<br />
escurrimiento runoff coefficient | í. de<br />
hinchamiento swelling index | í. de marea fosil<br />
index fossil | í. de petróleo show of oil | í. de<br />
Prandtl Prandtl number | í. de productividad<br />
productivity index (crude oil) | í. de refracción<br />
index of refraction | í. de Reynold Reynold's<br />
number | í. K K index<br />
indicios nmpl traces, indications<br />
indigación nf search | examination<br />
índigo adj/nm indigo | í. de cobre covellite<br />
indigolita nf indicolite<br />
indio nm indium | i. de faltriquera Indian who<br />
avoided the mita by means of a fee paid to his<br />
employer<br />
indisolubilidad nf indisolubility<br />
indistinto,-ta adj indistinct<br />
indos nmpl [Vz] invert<br />
inducción nf induction | inference | i. estadística<br />
statistical inference<br />
inducido,-da adj induced<br />
inducidor,-dora adj inducing<br />
| nm inducer<br />
inducir vtr to induce<br />
inductancia nf inductance<br />
inductivo,-va adj inductive<br />
inductor,-ora adj inducing | nm inductor | i. de<br />
tierra earth inductor<br />
induración nf induration<br />
indurar vtr to indurate<br />
indurado,-da adj indurated<br />
industria nf industry | i. extractiva mining<br />
industry | i. minera mining industry | i.<br />
petrolera petroleum industry<br />
inerte adj inert | nmpl aggregates<br />
inestable adj unstable<br />
inestabilidad nf instability<br />
inexacto,-ta adj inaccurate<br />
inexplotable adj unexploitable<br />
inexplotado,-da adj unexploited<br />
inexplorado,-da adj unexplored<br />
infeccionar vtr [Pe] to contaminate, pollute<br />
infecundo,-da adj barren of ore, sterile<br />
inferior adj lower | inferior<br />
infiltración nf infiltration<br />
infiltrar vtr to infiltrate<br />
infiltrarse en vpr to infiltrate into<br />
inflación nf tumescence | inflation<br />
inflado,-da adj inflated<br />
inflexión nf inflection<br />
influjo nm inflow | flood tide<br />
informador nm oil scout<br />
Infracámbrico nm Infracambrian<br />
infraglacial adj subglacial<br />
inframargenal adj inframarginal<br />
infrapuesto,-ta adj underlying<br />
infrarrojo,-ja adj infrared | nm infrared<br />
infrayacente adj underlying<br />
infundible adj infusible<br />
infusorio,-ria adj infusorial<br />
infusoriolita nf diatomaceous earth<br />
ingeniería nf engineering | e. minera mining<br />
engineering | e. petrolera petroleum<br />
engineering<br />
ingeniero nm engineer | i. de lodos mud engineer<br />
| i. de minas mining engineer | i. de nivel [Ec]<br />
levelman | i. minero mining engineer | i.<br />
petrolero petroleum engineer<br />
ingenio nm mill, usually consisting of two<br />
stamps | smelting works | sluice<br />
ingresión nf ingression<br />
ingreso nm entrance | nmpl earnings, revenues<br />
inhalante adj incurrent<br />
inhomogeneidad nf inhomogeneity<br />
inmadurez nf immaturity<br />
inmaduro,-ra adj immature<br />
inmersión nf immersion<br />
inmerso,-sa adj immersed<br />
inmiscibilidad nf immiscibility<br />
inmiscible adj immiscible<br />
inorgánico,-ca adj inorganic<br />
inosilicato nm inosilicate<br />
inquilinato nm leasehold<br />
insecuente adj insequent<br />
ínsito,-ta adj in situ<br />
insolito nm insolith<br />
insolubilidad nf insolubility<br />
insula nf island<br />
insularidad nf insulosity<br />
intensidad nf intensity<br />
interarrecife nm interreef<br />
intercalación nf intercalation | inset | i. en forma<br />
lenticular interlensing<br />
intercalado,-da adj intercalated, interjacent | nm<br />
intercalate<br />
intercalar vtr to intercalate<br />
intercapa nf interbed<br />
intercarga nf interburden<br />
interclusión nf intercalation<br />
intercorriente adj interstream
I-3<br />
intercrecimiento nm intergrowth<br />
intercuenca nf interbasin<br />
intercúmulo nm intercumulus<br />
interdigitación nf intertounging, interfingering<br />
interdigitado,-da adj intertounged, interfingered<br />
interduna nf interdune<br />
interestratificación nf interbedding<br />
interestratificado,-da adj interbedded<br />
interestratificar vtr to interbed<br />
interfaz nf interface<br />
interferencia nf interference<br />
interfluvio nm interfluve<br />
interlacustre adj interlacustrine<br />
interlobulado,-da adj interlobate<br />
intermedio,-dia adj intermediate<br />
intermitente adj intermittent<br />
interno,-na adj inner, interior | internal<br />
interpartícula nf interparticle<br />
interplegamiento nm interfolding<br />
interpolación nf interpolation<br />
interpolar vtr to interpolate<br />
interprecipitado nm interprecipitate<br />
intersección nf [math] intercept<br />
intersticio nm interstice<br />
intervalo nm interval | i. de aceptación<br />
acceptance interval or region | i. de clase class<br />
interval | i. de confianza confidence interval | i.<br />
de erosión erosional interval | i. de rechaza<br />
rejection interval or region | i. intercuartilar<br />
interquartile interval<br />
interyacente adj interbedded<br />
intradelta nf delta plain<br />
intrafiloniano,-na adj between veins<br />
intraformacional adj intraformational<br />
intratelúrico,-ca adj intratelluric<br />
intruido,-da adj intrusive<br />
intruir vtr to intrude<br />
intrusivo,-va adj intrusive | nf intrusive<br />
intumescencia nf intumescence, swelling<br />
inundable adj easily flooded<br />
inundación nf flood | flooding<br />
inundado,-da adj flooded, inundated<br />
inundar vtr to flood, inundate<br />
inverso,-sa adj inverted, inverse<br />
invertido,-da adj inverted | nm invert<br />
invertimiento nm [Pe] discharge, outfall<br />
invertir vtr to invert | to plunge (transit) | to<br />
revert | to invest | [Pe] to discharge, empty<br />
investigación nf research, investigation,<br />
exploration<br />
investigar vintr to research, investigate, explore<br />
inyección nf injection | i. de agua water flood or<br />
injection | i. de espuma foam injection | i. de gas<br />
gas injection | i. de vapor steam flooding or<br />
injection | i. forzada forced injection | i.<br />
magmática magmatic injection<br />
inyectado,-da adj injected<br />
inyectar vtr to inject<br />
iónico,-ca adj ionic<br />
ionización nf ionization<br />
ionizar vtr/pr to ionize<br />
ionógeno,-na adj inorganic<br />
ipabismal adj hypabyssal<br />
ir a peña vtr [Col] to hit a paystreak in a placer<br />
iridio nm iridium | i. nativo native iridium<br />
iridiscencia nf iridescence<br />
iridiscente adj iridescent<br />
iridosmina nf iridosmine, iridosmium<br />
iris nm iridescent hyaline quartz | i. calcedonia<br />
iridescent chalcedony | i. citrino yellow hyaline<br />
quartz<br />
irisación nf iridescence<br />
irisado,-da adj iridescent<br />
irisar vintr to iridesce, be iridescent | vpr to<br />
become iridescent<br />
irradiación nf irradiation<br />
irradiar vtr to irradiate<br />
isla nf island | i. de barrera barrier island | i. en<br />
rosario island chain | i. oceánica oceanic island<br />
isleo nm klippe | island | i. cobijante erosional<br />
remnant<br />
isleta nf islet<br />
islete nm islet<br />
islilla nf islet<br />
islote nm islet<br />
isoanomalía nf isoanomaly<br />
isoanómalo,-la adj isoanomalous<br />
isoantracita nf isoanthracite<br />
isobara nf isobar<br />
isobárico,-ca adj isobaric<br />
isobarométrico,-ca adj isobarometric<br />
isobata nf isobath<br />
isocarbono nm isocarbon<br />
isoclinal adj isoclinal | nm isocline<br />
isoclínico,-ca adj isoclinic<br />
isoclino,-na adj isoclinal<br />
isocora nf isochore<br />
isocromo nm isochrome<br />
isocrona nf isochron<br />
isócrono,-na adj isochronous<br />
isodina nf isomagnetic line<br />
isodinámico,-ca adj isodynamic<br />
isofana nf franklinite
I-4<br />
isógala nf isogal<br />
isógama nm isogam<br />
isogeoterma nf isogeotherm<br />
isógono,-na adj isogonic | nf isogonic line<br />
isohalina nf isohaline<br />
isoíeta nf isohyet<br />
isoípsa nf contour line<br />
isolínea nf isopleth<br />
isomegatía nf isomegathy<br />
isomerismo nm isomeric<br />
isomerización nf isomerization<br />
isómero,-ra adj isomeric | nm isomer<br />
isometamorfismo nm isometamorphism<br />
isomórfico,-ca adj isomorphic<br />
isomorfismo nm isomorphism<br />
isomorfo nm isomorph<br />
isopaca nf isopach<br />
isópaco nm isopach<br />
isoparafina nf isoparrafin<br />
isopentano nm isopentane<br />
isopleta nf isopleth<br />
isópora nf isopore<br />
isopreno nm isoprene<br />
isoquímico,-ca adj isochemical<br />
isorrumbado,-da adj follows the same strike<br />
isosista nf isoseismic line<br />
isostasia nf isostacy<br />
isostasis nf isostacy<br />
isostático,-ca adj isostatic<br />
isotangente nm isotangent<br />
isoterma nf isotherm<br />
isotérmico,-ca adj isothermic, isothermal<br />
isotermo,-ma adj isothermal<br />
isotípico,-ca adj isotypic<br />
isotipo nm isotype<br />
isotópico,-ca adj isotopic<br />
isótopo nm isotope<br />
isotropía nf isotropy<br />
isotrópico,-ca adj isotropic<br />
isotropismo nm isotropism<br />
isótropo,-pa adj isotropic<br />
isoyeta nm isohyet<br />
istmo nm isthmus<br />
itabo nm [Vz] inlet<br />
itacolumita nf flexible sandstone<br />
itali nm [Méx] obsidian<br />
italita nf leucitite<br />
iteración nf iteration<br />
iterar vtr to iterate<br />
iterativo,-va adj iterative<br />
itérbico,-ca adj ytterbic<br />
iterbio nm ytterbium<br />
itria nf yttria<br />
ítrico,-ca adj yttric<br />
itrio nm yttrium<br />
itrocerita nf yttrocerite<br />
itrofluorita nf yttrofluorite<br />
itroilmenita nf samarskite<br />
itrotantalita nf yttrotantalite<br />
itrotitanita nf keilhauite<br />
itztle or itztli nm [Méx] obsidian<br />
iu nm yu, nephrite<br />
ixtajale nm [Tasco, Méx] earthy iron oxide |<br />
[Zacualpan, Méx] silver sulphide disseminated<br />
in iron oxides | [Sultepec, Méx] native wire<br />
and leaf silver with gypsum, cerargyrite,<br />
argentite, and oxides<br />
izador nm hoist<br />
izaje nm hoisting<br />
izar vtr to hoist<br />
izcu nm [Pe] lime
J-1<br />
J<br />
jabalcón nm trench brace<br />
jabalconar vtr to shore, brace, prop<br />
Jabalinense nm Acadian<br />
jabeca [Almadén, Sp] a type of furnace used to<br />
distill mercury<br />
jable nf a fine, white sand<br />
jabón nm [Guanajuato, Méx] friable, talcose,<br />
silver-bearing ore | [Villa Nueva, Hon] friable,<br />
talcose, siliceous, gold and silver sulfidebearing<br />
ore | [Col] slickenside | j. de montaña<br />
steatite | halloysite | j. de sastre steatite,<br />
soapstone | j. de soldado smectite | j. de vidrieros<br />
pyrolusite | j. mineral smectite<br />
jaboncillo nm clay, gouge, generally as an<br />
alteration product of country rock | [Potosí,<br />
Bol] kaolinite | [Ch] nitrate of soda streaked<br />
with lime | [Méx] clay selvage on a vein |<br />
steatite, talc<br />
jabre nm [Gal] a fine, white feldspathic sand<br />
derived from altered granite<br />
jacintina nf idocrase<br />
jacinto nm hyacinth, jacinth (a transparent red<br />
var of zircon) | cinnamon-stone (a var of<br />
garnet) | j. de Ceilán zircon | j. de Compostela<br />
dark red crytalline quartz | j. de disentis<br />
cinnamon-stone, a variety of garnet | j. de los<br />
volcanes idocrase | j. occidental bright yellow<br />
variety of topaz | j. oriental orange variety of<br />
corundum | j. volcánico idocrase<br />
Jacksoniense nm/adj Jacksonian<br />
jacksonita nf prehnite<br />
jacupirangita nf jacupirangite | j. apatítica<br />
apatite jacupirangite | j. feldespática feldspar<br />
jacupirangite<br />
jacupirangítico,-ca adj jacupirangitic<br />
jacutinga nf jacutinga, itabirite<br />
jade nm jade | j. de saussure saussurite | j.<br />
oriental tremolite<br />
jade-albita nf maw-sit-sit, jade-albite<br />
jadeíta-egirina nf a mixture of jadeite and<br />
aegirine<br />
jagua nf [Col] powdery, sulfide ore | black<br />
sands in placers | concentrates rich in gold and<br />
heavy minerals | j. de recorte heavy mineral<br />
residues from gold recovery in an arrastre<br />
jaguadero nm outlet (of a river)<br />
jagüel nm [Arg, Ch] pit or trench filled with<br />
water<br />
jagüey nm [Arg] pit or trench filled with water<br />
jais nf jet<br />
jaki nm khal<br />
jalatocle nm [Méx] alluvium<br />
jalde adj deep yellow<br />
jaldo,-da adj deep yellow<br />
jaldre adj deep yellow<br />
jales nmpl [Méx] tailings<br />
jali nm khal<br />
jalón nm [surv] rod, range pole | j. de cadeno<br />
chaining pin | j. de mira level rod<br />
jalonar vtr [surv] to run a survey line<br />
jalonero nm [surv] rodman<br />
jamasquita nf jamaskite (obs, hornblende<br />
jacupirangite)<br />
Janitorense nm Janitorian (sub-stage of the<br />
Corallian)<br />
janosita nf copiapite<br />
japanita nf penninite<br />
jaquelado nm checkerboard pattern<br />
jardín nm spot which disfigures an emerald<br />
jargón nm jargoon, jargon (pale yellow jem<br />
variety of zircon)<br />
Jarkov nm Kharkov<br />
jaspágata nf agate jasper, jaspagate, jaspachate<br />
jaspe nm jasper | veined marble | j. de Siberia<br />
banded brown and green jasper | j. egipcio<br />
Egyption jasper | j. florido multicolored jasper |<br />
j. heliotropo bloodstone | j. jaspeado mixture of<br />
green jasper and agate | j. negro touchstone | j.<br />
ópalo jaspopal | j. porcelana porcelain jasper | j.<br />
sanguíneo bloodstone | j. veteado ribbon jasper |<br />
j. zonar ribbon jasper<br />
jaspeado,-da adj spotted | mottled, variegated |<br />
marbled, streaked, veined | like jasper,<br />
jaspideous<br />
jaspear vtr to marble, mottle, vein, streak<br />
jasperado,-da adj jasperated<br />
jasperina nf jasperine<br />
jasperita nf jasper<br />
jasperización nf jasperization<br />
jasperoide adj jasperoid | jasper<br />
jasperizar vtr to jasperize<br />
jaspideano,-na adj jaspidean, jaspery<br />
jaspilítico,-ca adj jaspilitic<br />
jaspoide adj jaspoid | nm tachylyte<br />
jaspón nm a variety of marble, stained red and<br />
yellow<br />
jaspónix nm jasponyx<br />
jaspopal nm jasper opal, jaspopal, opal jasper<br />
jaula nf cage (in a shaft) | j. de extracción mine<br />
cage<br />
jayet nm jet
J-2<br />
jazido nm layer, bed or seam | ore or mineral<br />
deposit<br />
jebe nm [Sp] alum<br />
jefe nm chief, boss | j. de brigada [surv, expl]<br />
party chief | j. de cuadrilla squad boss | j. de<br />
oficina office manager | j. de punta shift boss | j.<br />
de turno shift boss<br />
jejo nm stone, rock<br />
jelinita nf kansasite (a fossil resin)<br />
jelletita nf pale green andradorite<br />
jemal adj a palm in length<br />
jeme nm palm (measure of distance)<br />
jenkinsita nf ferroan antigorite<br />
jentschita nf lengenbachite<br />
jenzschita nf chalcedony<br />
jeroglífico,-ca adj hieroglyphic | nm hieroglyph<br />
Jerseyense nm Jerseyian (glacial stage)<br />
jerulfina nf wagnerite altered to apatite<br />
jet nm jet<br />
jewreinowita nf vesuvianite<br />
jezekita nf morinite<br />
jilópalo nm wood opal<br />
jinyunita nf mixture of mordenite and<br />
clinoptilolite<br />
jiwaarita nf Ti-melanite<br />
Johannense nm/adj Olenidian<br />
johnita nf green variety of turquoise<br />
johnstonita nf vanadinite | galena<br />
johnstontonita nf variety of andradite<br />
johnstrupita nf mosandrite<br />
jolita nf iolite<br />
jollyita nf Al-hisingerite<br />
jorfe nm precipice<br />
Jorgense nm/adj [Arg] local age name equivalent<br />
to Danian<br />
jorgyanita nf scorodite<br />
jornada nf a day's work, working day, shift | a<br />
day's journey | expedition | j. doble double<br />
shift | j. simple single shift<br />
jornal adj by the day's work | [Col] by the hour's<br />
work | nm day's wage | day's work | [Col]<br />
hourly wage<br />
jornalar vtr to employ by the day<br />
jornalero nm workman, laborer<br />
Josarense nm lower part of the Pontian<br />
josefinita nf nickel-iron, ferronickel<br />
josena nf josen, hartite<br />
jossaíta nf a mixture of crocoite and sphalerite<br />
jotun-norita nf jotunite (obs, charnockite)<br />
Jovarense nm/adj middle part of the middle<br />
Oligocene<br />
joven adj young | recent | undeformed<br />
Joviano nm part of the Quaternary<br />
jovin adj uneroded, little eroded<br />
juagada nf [Col] alluvial gravel lacking sand and<br />
gold<br />
juan blanco nm [Col] placer platinum | mica<br />
jucu nm [Bol] high grader, ore thief<br />
juddita nf Mn-hornblende<br />
juego nm set | suite | j. de colores play of colors<br />
| j. de diaclasas joint set | j. de mare the complete<br />
tidal cycle | stretch of beach or coast bounded<br />
by the tidal cycle<br />
jugar nm tidal movement of the sea (rise and<br />
fall)<br />
jugo de la tierra nm hydrocarbon<br />
jugo lapídeo nm parent magma | residual melt<br />
| intersitial glass | cement in conglomerates<br />
julianita nf tennantite<br />
julio nm joule<br />
jumo nm [Col] scarcely visible flake of gold<br />
junckerita nf variety of siderite<br />
junkerita nf siderite<br />
junta nf joint | junction (of a river)<br />
juntarse vpr to coalesce<br />
juntura nf joint | j. de estratificación bedding<br />
plane<br />
junturamiento nm jointing<br />
juquear vtr [Bol] to high grade, steal ore<br />
juqueo nm [Bol] ore theft, high-grading<br />
juquero nm [Bol] ore-thief<br />
Jura nf Jurassic | J. blanco Malm | J. negro Lías |<br />
J. pardo Dogger<br />
Jurásico,-ca adj Jurassic | nm Jurassic | J. inferior<br />
lower Jurassic | J. medio middle Jurassic | J.<br />
superior upper Jurassic<br />
jurinita nf brookite<br />
jurupaíta nf Mn-xonotlite<br />
jusente adj that rises or falls with an ebb tide |<br />
nm ebb tide<br />
justipreciación nf appraisal<br />
justipreciador nm appraiser<br />
justipreciar vtr to appraise, rate<br />
justiprecio nm appraised value<br />
Juvarense nm/adj Juvavian<br />
juvenil adj juvenile<br />
juventud nf youth
K-1<br />
K<br />
kafehidrocianita nf kafehydrocyanite<br />
kainolítico,-ca adj Cenozoic<br />
k'ajcha nf [Potosí, Bol] member of a cuadrillo or<br />
gang of weekend indio miners who worked<br />
their employer's mines for their own benefit<br />
from Saturday night to Monday morning and<br />
on feast days<br />
kakirita nf protomylonite<br />
kakoxena nf kakixen<br />
Kalaviense adj lower Algonquin | nm lower<br />
Algonquin<br />
kalicamptonita nf cascadite (obs, sodic minette)<br />
kaligranito nm kaligranite (obs, granite)<br />
kalikeratófido nm kalikeratophyre (obs,<br />
keratophyre)<br />
kalinefelinita nf kalinephelinite (obs, nephelinte)<br />
kaliofilita nf kaliophilite<br />
kalifita nf kaliphite<br />
kalipirocloro nm kalipyrochlore<br />
kalipiroxerita nf pyroxenolite (obs, pyroxenite)<br />
kaliqueratofiro nm kalikeratophyre (obs,<br />
keratophyre)<br />
kaliriolita nf kalirhyolite (obs, potash rhyolite or<br />
pantellerite)<br />
kalisienita nf kalisyenite (obs, alkali syenite)<br />
kalitinguaitpórfido nm kalitinguaite porphyry<br />
(obs, porphyritic phonolite)<br />
kalitraquita nf kalitrachyte (obs, trachyte)<br />
kalkafanita nf amygdaloidal diabase<br />
kalkbostonita nf maenaite (obs, plagioclase<br />
bostonite)<br />
kalkdiabasa nf amygdaloidal diabase<br />
kalkgranito nm calcigranite (obs, granite)<br />
kalkuranita nf uranite<br />
kaluszita nf singenite<br />
kam or kame nm kame<br />
kamarezita nf brochantite<br />
kammgranito nm kammgranite (obs, granite)<br />
kammgranítico,-ca adj kammgranitic (obs,<br />
granitic)<br />
Kansan nm Kansan<br />
kansita nf mackinawite<br />
kantografía nf kantography<br />
kaolín nm kaolin<br />
kaolínico,-ca adj kaolinic<br />
kaolinita nf kaolinite<br />
kaolinítico,-ca adj kaolinitic<br />
kaolinización nf kaolinization<br />
karbonatberesita nf beresite (obs, altered aplite)<br />
karbonatita nf carbonatite<br />
karbonatitalnoíta nf alnoite<br />
karlsteinita nf carlstainite (obs, alkali granite)<br />
karniense adj Carnian<br />
karst nm karst | k. cubierto covered karst | k.<br />
desnudo naked or bare karst | k. elevado relict<br />
karst | k. subterráneo interstratal or subjacent<br />
karst<br />
karstenita nf rock anhydrite, anhydrock<br />
kárstico,-ca adj karstic<br />
karstificación nf karstification<br />
kasaíta nf kassaîte (obs, haüyne monzonite or<br />
syenodiorite porphyry)<br />
Kaskasia nm Kaskasia<br />
kasparite nf cobaltoan pickeringite<br />
kataforita nf kataphorite<br />
kataforit-sölvsbergita nf solvsbergite (obs,<br />
trachyte)<br />
katapleitsienita nf augite-nepheline syenite<br />
katatéctico,-ca adj katatectic<br />
katavotre nf abyss<br />
katazona nf katazone<br />
katogénico,-ca adj katogenic<br />
katogeno nm katogene<br />
kaukasita nf caucasite (obs, sanidine granite)<br />
kaulaíta nf kauaiite (obs, olivine-augite diorite)<br />
Kazán nm Kazanian<br />
kazansquita nf kazanskite (obs, magnetiteplagioclase<br />
dunite)<br />
keelyita nf zinkenite<br />
Keewatino nm Keewatin, Keewatinian<br />
keiviíta nf keivyite<br />
kelifítico,-ca adj kelyphytic<br />
kelyfítico,-ca adj kelyphitic<br />
kelifito nm corona<br />
kellerita nf cuprian pentahydrite<br />
kenngotita nf miargyrite<br />
kenyita nm kenyte (obs, olivine phonolitic<br />
trachyte)<br />
kenyta nm kenyte (obs, olivine phonolitic<br />
trachyte)<br />
kerabitumen nm kerogen<br />
kerargirita nf kerargyrite<br />
keratita nf hornfels | compact groundmass in<br />
melaphyres<br />
keratofido nm keratophyre | k. cuarcífero quartz<br />
keratophyre<br />
keratófiro nm keratophyre | k. cuarcífero quartz<br />
keratophyre<br />
keratofirospilita nf spilitized keratophyre<br />
keratospilita nf keratospilite (obs, spilitized<br />
albite diabase)
K-2<br />
kerógeno nm kerogen<br />
kerogenita nf oil shale<br />
kerosén nm kerosene<br />
keroseno nm kerosene<br />
kerosina nf kerosene<br />
kersantita nf kersantite | k. aplita aplitic<br />
kersantite | k. augítica augite kersantite | k.<br />
broncítica bronzite kersantite | k. cuárcica quartz<br />
kersantite | k. esferoidal or esferolítica spheroidal<br />
kersantite | k. hornabléndica hornblende<br />
kersantite | k. olivínica olivine kersantite | k.<br />
orbicular orbicular kersantite<br />
kersantitpegmatita nf kersantite pegmatite<br />
keuperiano,-na adj Keuper<br />
Kéuprico nm Keuper<br />
keweenawiano,-na adj Keweenawan<br />
K-feldespato nm K-feldspar<br />
khajcha nf [Potosí, Bol] member of a cuadrillo or<br />
gang of weekend indio miners who worked<br />
their employer's mines for their own benefit<br />
from Saturday night to Monday morning and<br />
on feast days<br />
khareo nm [Bol] hand sorting (of ore)<br />
khareadora nf ore sorter (usually a woman)<br />
khibinita nf mosandrite (mineral) | chibinite<br />
(rock)<br />
khinganita nf kesterite<br />
khuniita nf iranite<br />
kieselgur nm kieselguhr, kiselgur<br />
kiirunavaarita nf magnetitite<br />
kilaje nm [Arg] weight in kilograms<br />
kilbrickenita nf As-geochronite<br />
kiliárea nf kiliare<br />
kilita nf kylite (obs, olivine theralite)<br />
kilo nm kilogram<br />
kilobara nf kilobar<br />
kilocaloría nf kilocalorie<br />
kilociclo nm kilocycle<br />
kilogramo nm kilogram<br />
kilometraje nm distance in kilometers<br />
kilométrico,-ca adj kilometric<br />
kilómetro nm kilometer<br />
kimmeriano,-na adj Kimmerian<br />
kimmérico,-ca adj Kimmerian<br />
kimmeridgiano,-na adj Kimmeridgian<br />
kimmeridgense adj Kimmeridgian<br />
Kinderhook nm Kinderhookian<br />
kirunavaarita nf magnetitite, kiirunvaarite<br />
klaprotita nf mixture of wittichenite and<br />
emplectite<br />
klausenita nf clausenite (obs, diorite norite,<br />
quartz gabbro) | lamprophyre<br />
kmaita nf celadonite<br />
knoxvillita nf copiapite<br />
Koblenzense nm Coblenzian<br />
kodurita nf kodurite (obs, granulite) | k. biotítica<br />
biotite kodurite | k. cuarcífera quartz kodurite |<br />
k. piroxénica pyroxene kodurite<br />
kodorítico,-ca adj koduritic<br />
koelbingita nf kenigmatite<br />
koivinita nf florencite<br />
kokkokonita nf cocconite (coccolith limestone)<br />
kolbeckina nf herzenbergite<br />
kolskita nf mixture of lizardite and sepiolite<br />
komatiíta nf komatiite<br />
kongadiabasa nf Konga diabase (var quartz<br />
dolerite)<br />
Kongurense nm Kungurian<br />
Konialnikense nm Konialnikian, Pontian?<br />
koppita nf pyrochlore<br />
kornerupina nf kornerupine<br />
korund-anorthosita nf kyschtymite (obs,<br />
corundum anorthosite)<br />
korund-gabro nm corundum hornblend gabbro<br />
korundmagnetitita nf corundum magnetitite<br />
korundnefelindiorita nf dungannonite (obs,<br />
alkali corundum diorite)<br />
korundoligoclaspegmatita nf plumasite (obs)<br />
korundplagioklasita nf kyschtymite (obs,<br />
corundum anorthosite)<br />
kosmocloro nm kosmochlor, ureyite<br />
kramerita nf probertite<br />
kratógeno nm shield<br />
kraurita nf dufrenite<br />
kreuzbergita nf pleystenite<br />
kriptón nm krypton<br />
kristianita nf cristianite (obs, biotite granite)<br />
kryokonita nf cryoconite<br />
Kungur nm Kungurian<br />
Kunguriense nm Kungurian<br />
kurskita nf carbonate-fluorapatite<br />
kürunavaarita nf magnetitite, kiirunvaarite<br />
kuselita nf cuselite (obs, biotite-augite<br />
lamprophyre)<br />
kusuita nf wakefieldite-(Ce)
L-1<br />
L<br />
labíl adj unstable | labile | friable<br />
labio nm lip, edge | l. de falla fault limb<br />
labor nf miner working or work | working place<br />
or face | a measure of area (177.14 acres) | l. a<br />
cielo overhand working | l. a cielo abierto open<br />
pit working | l. a través cross cut | l. abandonada<br />
abandoned working | l. alta [Col] placer<br />
working above water level | l. auxiliar<br />
development work | l. baja [Col] placer<br />
working below water level | l. de bancos<br />
underhand stoping | l. de beneficio mill, milling<br />
| l. de cantera stone quarry, open pit work | l. de<br />
hacienda all workings in a mine not leased | l. de<br />
realce overhand stoping | l. de reconocimiento<br />
exploratory workings | l. de testeros overhand<br />
stoping | l. en rebajo underhand stoping | l. por<br />
lajas slabbing, slashing | l. preparativas<br />
development work<br />
laboreo nm mining, exploitation, working | art<br />
of mining | l. a cielo abierto open pit mining | l.<br />
de crestones surface workings | l. de grada<br />
stoping | l. de subniveles sublevel stoping | l. en<br />
avance advancing system | l. en retirada<br />
retreating system | l. minero mining,<br />
exploitation | l. por cuadras panel working | l.<br />
por socavón adit cut mining<br />
labra nf working, cutting, carving, or dressing of<br />
stone<br />
labrado,-da adj worked, wrought, cut, carved |<br />
nm cutting, carving<br />
labrar vtr to work a mine | to work metals | to<br />
dress, cut or carve stone | l. en facetas to facet<br />
lacolito nm laccolith<br />
lacunario,-ria adj lacustrine<br />
lacustre adj lacustrine, lake<br />
ladera nf declivity, slope, side, hillside | highly<br />
inclined flanks of a saddle or anticline | flank<br />
ladiniano,-na adj Ladinian<br />
ladiniense adj Ladinian<br />
lago nm lake | l. alcalino alkaline lake | l. de agua<br />
dulce fresh water lake | l. de agua salada salt lake<br />
| l. de circo tarn | l. de cráter crater lake | l. de<br />
erosión erosion lake | l. de erosión glaciar | l. de<br />
fractura tectonic lake | l. de glaciar glacier lake |<br />
l. en herradura oxbow lake | l. endicado barrier<br />
lake | l. salado salt lake, saline lake | l. semilunar<br />
oxbow lake<br />
láguena nf decomposition of argillaceous schist<br />
by weathering<br />
laguna nf lagoon | small lake | reservoir used to<br />
store water to supply water-powered stamp<br />
mills | l. costera coastal lagoon | l. de<br />
decantación tailings pond<br />
lagunato nm [Cu] pool, pond<br />
lagunero nm person in charge of the upkeep of<br />
lagunas<br />
lagunoso,-sa adj full of lagoons<br />
laja nf thin, flat stone | bed, layer or sheet |<br />
stone slab | l. chavera [Cartagena, Sp] highly<br />
decomposed slate<br />
lajeado,-da adj [Mex, Ur] laminated<br />
lajilla nf [Vz] shale<br />
lajoso,-sa adj [Ur] laminated<br />
lama nf slime, mud, silt | tailings | ore in the<br />
form of dust or fine powder within veins |<br />
[Tipuani, Bol] gravel beds forming false<br />
bedrock to gold placers<br />
lamelar adj laminated<br />
lameliforme adj lamelliform<br />
lámina nf lamella (pl lamellae) | slab | thin plate<br />
or sheet | scale | l. de pirita scare | l. de pizarra<br />
slab of slate, slate<br />
laminación nf lamination<br />
laminado,-da adj laminated | tabular<br />
laminilla nf lamella (pl lamellae) | thin sheet |<br />
flake<br />
lamoso,-da adj slimey | [Aguascalientes, Méx]<br />
copper ores in a steatite matrix<br />
lamprófiro nm lamprophyre<br />
lancanstriano,-na adj Lancastrian<br />
lancastriense nm Lancastrian<br />
lancha nf thin, flat stone | stone slab<br />
lanchar nm quarry yielding lanchas<br />
landeniano,-na adj Landenian<br />
landeniense nm Landenian<br />
lantano nm lanthanum<br />
lapa nf [Pe] footwall<br />
lapiez nm karren<br />
lapili nf lapilli | l. de acreción accretion lapilli<br />
lapislázuli nf lapis lazuli<br />
lápiz nm graphite, black lead, plumbargo |<br />
black chalk | l. encarnado or rojo red chalk or<br />
ochre<br />
lapizar nm graphite mine<br />
laque nm druse<br />
lasca nf small, thin fragment of stone | chip,<br />
spall<br />
lascar vtr to spall<br />
lastra nf flat stone, stone slab, flagstone |<br />
[Serrata de Lorca, Sp] bed of native sulphur, of<br />
which there are several: l. de arriba the upper
L-2<br />
bed, l. de abajo or de fuego middle bed, and l. de<br />
agua the lowermost which was not worked<br />
lastre nm weathered stone of poor quality found<br />
at the surface of quarries<br />
lastrón nm large flagstone<br />
laterítico,-ca adj lateritic<br />
laterización nf laterization<br />
latilla nf lath<br />
latitud nf latitude | breadth, width | total extent<br />
of a region, belt, province, district, etc | a 30°<br />
latitud sur 30° south<br />
lattorfiano,-na adj Lattorfian<br />
lattorfiense adj Lattorfian<br />
lauegrama nm lauegram<br />
laurencio nm lawrencium<br />
lava nf lava | washing of ore | l. cordada pillow<br />
lava | l. de bloque block lava | l. en alhomada<br />
pillow lava | l. escoriácea aa lava | l. pahoehoe<br />
pahoehoe<br />
lavada nf washing of placers, ore, or amalgam<br />
lavadero nm site for washing placers, ore, or<br />
amalgam | [Ch, Pe] placer deposit | act of<br />
washing placers, ore, or amalgam<br />
lavado nm washing | l. de surcos | l. superficial<br />
lavador nm gold pan | washer<br />
lavadora nf gold pan | l. de carbón coal washer<br />
lavadura nf washing of placers or ore | nfpl<br />
washings<br />
lavaje nm washing of placers or ore<br />
lavar vtr to wash placers or ore<br />
lazada nf bow, knot | en lazada loop<br />
lazo nm bow, knot | en forma de l. loop<br />
lazurita nf lapis lazuli, lazurite<br />
lechada nf mixture of lime and gypsum or of<br />
lime and sand | slurry, paste<br />
leche de luna nm calcareous clay<br />
leche de tierra nm magnesia<br />
leche fósil de luna nm mineral agaric<br />
lechecilla nf [Tasco, Méx] a var of limestone<br />
lechedor nm [Pe] huantajaite | [Atacama, Ch]<br />
oxidized ore or gossan rich in silver chlorides<br />
lecho nm river bed | thin layer, bed or stratum |<br />
l. de cantera bed of stone | l. de creciente flood<br />
plain | l. de río stream bed | l. de roca bedrock |<br />
l. mayor flood plain<br />
lediano,-na adj Ledian<br />
lediense adj Ledian<br />
légamo nm slime, mud, ooze | loam<br />
legamoso,-sa adj slimey, oozey, loamy<br />
legítima nf [Real del Monte, Méx] vein having<br />
an east-west trend<br />
legua nf league, a measure of distance of 5000<br />
footsteps (about 5572 meters) (a day's ride on<br />
horseback is about six leagues)<br />
leguaje nm an advance for travel expenses that<br />
should have but was rarely paid to mitayos by<br />
mine owners when they left their communities<br />
for the mines<br />
lenar nm karren, lapiaz<br />
lengua del glaciar nf glacial tongue<br />
lengüebuey nm [Antioqua, Col] a trachyte so<br />
named because its texture resembles that of an<br />
ox's tongue<br />
lente nm lense | magnifying glass | lenticular<br />
mass of rock | l. ocular eyepiece<br />
lenteja nf lenticular mass of rock, ore or mineral<br />
lentejón nm lense (of sedimentary rock)<br />
leñoso,-sa adj woody, ligneous<br />
lepidoblástico,-ca adj lepidoblastic<br />
leucito nm leucite<br />
leucocrático,-ca adj leucocratic<br />
leucopirita nf leucopyrite<br />
leucozafiro nm leucosapphire<br />
levantada nf orogeny<br />
levantamiento nm elevation | uplift | survey |<br />
surveying | creep (soil) | l. aerofotogramétrico<br />
aerial survey | l. sísmico siesmic survey<br />
levantar vtr to survey | to uplift, elevate<br />
levée nf levee | l. natural natural levee<br />
levigación nf levigation<br />
levógiro,-ra adj sinistral<br />
ley nf law | grade of ore | legal standard of<br />
quality or fineness | statistical distribution<br />
function | l. beta beta distribution | l. binomial<br />
binomial distribution | l. binomial negativa<br />
negative binomial distribution | l. de Boyle<br />
Boyle's law | l. de Charles Charles's law | l. de F<br />
F distribution | l. de Henry Henry's law | l. de<br />
minas mining law | l. de metal grade | l. de<br />
Pareto Pareto distribution | l. de Poisson Poisson<br />
distribution | l. de student student t-distribution<br />
| l. de Weibull Weibull distribution | l. discreta<br />
uniforme uniform distribution | l. exponencial<br />
exponential distribution | l. gamma gamma<br />
distribution | l. geométrica geometric<br />
distribution | l. hipergeométrica hypergeometric<br />
distribution | l. ji cuadrado chi-squared<br />
distribution | l. lognormal lognormal<br />
distribution | l. media average grade | l. mineral<br />
mining law | l. mulitinomial multinomial<br />
distribution | l. normal normal distribution | l.<br />
rectangular Rectangular distribution | l. superior<br />
a grade greater than | l. t t-distribution | l.
L-3<br />
unifomre uniform distribution | con ley de of a<br />
grade of | de baja (alta) ley of low (high) grade<br />
leyenda nf legend (to a map)<br />
lherzolita nf lherzolite<br />
liás nm Lias<br />
liásico,-ca adj Liassic, Lias | nm Liassic<br />
libra nf pound, a measure of weight | l. esterlina<br />
pound sterling<br />
libre adj free<br />
libreta nf notebook | l. de campo field book<br />
licuación nf liquification<br />
licuefacción nf liquification<br />
liquifacer vtr to liquify<br />
lidita nf lydite, touchstone<br />
lienza nf measuring tape<br />
lievrita nf ilvaite<br />
liga nf alloy | alloy of gold and silver used in<br />
coinage | [Méx] smelting ore, or ore used as a<br />
flux in smelting | [Potosí, Bol] galena | l. de<br />
metal alloy<br />
ligación nf bond<br />
ligar vtr to alloy (metals)<br />
ligero,-ra adj light<br />
lignítico,-ca adj lignitic<br />
lignito nm lignite or brown coal | l. duro | l.<br />
leñoso lignite proper | l. xiloide xyloid lignite<br />
limadura nf [Méx] refined silver or silver<br />
amalgam produced by the patio process of<br />
amalgamation<br />
limbo nm limb (of a fold)<br />
límite nm boundary | limit | l. conservador de<br />
placas transform plate boundary | l. de confianza<br />
confidence limit | l. de contracción shrinkage<br />
limit | l. de nieve snow line | l. de placa plate<br />
boundary | l. de placas convergentes converging<br />
plate boundary | l. de placas divergentes<br />
diverging plate boundaries<br />
limítrofe adj bordering<br />
límnico,-ca adj lacustrine, limnic<br />
limnología nf limnology<br />
limo nm silt, mud | l. de derrubios boulder clay |<br />
l. de faldeo<br />
limolito nm siltstone<br />
limonita nf limonite<br />
limonítico,-ca adj limonitic<br />
limonitizado,-da adj limonitic<br />
limoso,-sa adj muddy, silty<br />
limpia nf low-grade ore or waste<br />
limpiar vtr to clean up, as for a mill, dredge, etc<br />
limpio nm cobbed or sorted ore<br />
linde nm boundary, limit<br />
lindero nm boundary, especially of a mining<br />
claim<br />
línea nf line | twelth part of a pulgada or inch | l.<br />
aclínica aclinic line, magnetic equator | l. de<br />
costa coastline, strandline | l. de crecimiento<br />
growth line | l. de charnela hinge line | l. de<br />
fractura fracture line | l. de litoral shoreline | l.<br />
de nieves perpetuas snow line | l. de tierra ground<br />
line | l. geodésica geodesic line | l. isodinámica<br />
isodynamic line | l. isogónica isogonic line | l.<br />
transversal traverse<br />
lineación nf lineation<br />
lineamiento nm lineament<br />
lingote nm ingot | l. de hierro pig iron | l. de<br />
plomo pig of lead<br />
liparita nf rhyolite<br />
lipis nm copper sulfate<br />
lipta nf [Bol] grey silver ores which accompany<br />
tin ore<br />
liquado nm liquid | l. newtoniano Newtonian<br />
liquid<br />
liso,-sa adj even | nm an extensive flat face of a<br />
rock | slickenside | [Col] fault<br />
lista nf stripe, band<br />
listado,-da adj striped | in thin layers, laminated<br />
listones nmpl riffles<br />
litarge nm litharge | l. nativo lead ocher<br />
litargirio nm litharge<br />
litificación nf lithification<br />
lítico,-ca adj lithic<br />
litio nm lithium<br />
litoclasa nf lithoclase<br />
litoestratigráfico,-ca adj lithostratigraphic<br />
litofacies nfpl lithofacies<br />
litófilo,-la adj lithophile<br />
litofisuras nfpl lithophysae<br />
litogénesis nf lithogenesis<br />
litología nf lithology<br />
litológico,-ca adj lithological<br />
litomargo nm lithomarge, kaolin<br />
litoral adj coastal, littoral | nm shore | l. entre<br />
mareas foreshore | l. submarino offshore<br />
litosfera nm lithosphere<br />
litosiderita nf lithosiderite<br />
litostático,-ca adj lithostatic<br />
litraje nm [Arg] volume in liters<br />
litro nm liter<br />
lixivación nf leaching, lixivation | l. amoniacal<br />
ammonia leaching<br />
lizote nm [Sinaloa, Méx] blue speckled quartz<br />
rich in silver<br />
local nm site | l. del ingenio mill site
L-4<br />
localidad nf locality | l. tipo type locality<br />
lodazal nm marsh, bog<br />
lodo nm mud, ooze, sludge | l. calcáreo<br />
calcareous ooze | l. de silíceo siliceous ooze | l.<br />
de diatomeas diatomaceous ooze | l. de radiolarios<br />
radolarian ooze | l. mineral slime | l. rojo red<br />
mud<br />
lodolita nf mudstone<br />
lodoso,-sa adj muddy<br />
loes or loess nm loess<br />
logarítmico,-ca adj logarithmic<br />
logaritmo nm logarithm<br />
loma nf ridge, rise, hill, hillock | l. de<br />
acumulación accretionary ridge<br />
lomada nf [Arg] hill, ridge<br />
lomerío nm [Méx] a range of hills<br />
lomo nm ridge | l. eólico windrow ridge<br />
loncha nf flagstone<br />
longana nf [Guanajuato, Méx] cylinders of clay<br />
with embedded rich ore, or cylindrical pieces of<br />
ore concealed in the anus as a means of stealing<br />
ore<br />
longitud nf longitude | length | departure, ie<br />
easting or westing<br />
lopolito nm lopolith<br />
losa nf flat stone, stone slab, flagstone |<br />
[Coquimbo, Ch] shell-bearing conglomerate<br />
losero nm quarry for losa or flagstone |<br />
[Guanajuato, Méx] sandstone quarry<br />
lotaringiano,-na adj Lotharingian<br />
lotaringiense nm Lotharingian<br />
loza nf [Pe] bedrock to a placer<br />
ludiano,-na adj Ludian<br />
ludiense adj Ludian<br />
ludloviano,-na adj Ludlovian<br />
ludloviense adj Ludlovian<br />
lumbre nm flint | firestone<br />
lumbrera nf shaft<br />
luminescente adj luminescent<br />
luminiscencia nf luminescence | l. catódica<br />
cathodoluminescence<br />
luminoso,-sa adj luminous<br />
lupa nf magnifying glass, lens | hand lens<br />
lurte nm landslide<br />
lusitaniano,-na adj Lusitanian<br />
lusitaniense adj Lusitanian<br />
lustre or lustro nm luster<br />
lustroso,-sa adj shiny, glossy, lustrous<br />
luteciano,-na adj Lutetian<br />
luteciense adj Lutetian<br />
lutecio nm lutetium<br />
lutita nf shale | l. petrolífera oil shale<br />
lutítico,-ca adj shaly<br />
luz nf light | l. ambiente available light | l.<br />
natural natural or ordinary light | l. polarizada<br />
polarized light
M-1<br />
M<br />
maar nm maar<br />
macetón nm [Méx] stone sledge<br />
maciño nm a var of sandstone with less quartz<br />
and more feldspar than molasa<br />
macizo,-za adj compact, solid, hard | nm massif<br />
| nm massiveness, bulk | massif | shield,<br />
basement | virgin, unmined ground | ore<br />
blocked out but not yet mined | m. cristalino<br />
crystalline basement | m. intrusivo stock | m.<br />
lauréntico Canadian shield | m. mineralizado<br />
orebody | m. tectónico horst<br />
macla nf twinning | twin, macle | twinned<br />
crystal | m. de la albita albite twin law | m.<br />
polisintética polysynthetic twin<br />
maclado,-da adj twinned<br />
maco nm [Cartagena, Sp] ancient mine tailings<br />
macroclástico,-ca adj macroclastic<br />
macrocristalino,-na adj coarsely crystalline<br />
macrofósil nm macrofossil<br />
mactosísmico,-ca adj macroseismic<br />
macrosismo nm macroseism<br />
machacamiento nm crushing<br />
machacar vtr to crush, break, buck, spall or<br />
stamp ore | to grind<br />
machado nm [Pe] ore containing visible native<br />
silver or gold<br />
machador,-dora adj crushing, grinding | nf<br />
crusher, grinding machine<br />
machaqueo nm crushing | [Sp] crushed stone<br />
machar vtr to spall ore | to hammer<br />
machays nm [Ec, Pe] sulfur lined cavities in<br />
volcanic rock<br />
macho nm dike | [Col] barren or unproductive<br />
vein<br />
machonga nf [Col] pyrite<br />
machucar vtr to crush, break, buck, spall or<br />
stamp ore<br />
madera nf wood | m. silicificada agatized wood<br />
madre nf river bed | mineralizing fluid | m. de<br />
sal [Ch] crystalline soda sulfate | m. del ore<br />
[Col] pebbles or cobbles of hematitic iron ore<br />
madurez nf maturity<br />
maduro,-ra adj mature<br />
maestrichtiano,-na adj Maestrichtian<br />
Maestrichtiense nm Maestrichtian<br />
máfico,-ca adj mafic<br />
magistral nm flux used for smelting ores |<br />
roasted iron or copper pyrites or crude copper<br />
sulfate used as a reagent in the patio process of<br />
amalgamating silver ores<br />
magma nm magma<br />
magmático,-ca adj magmatic<br />
magnesiano,-na adj magnesian<br />
magnésico,-ca adj magnesic<br />
magnesífero,-ra adj magnesiferous<br />
magnesio nm magnesium<br />
magnético,-ca adj magnetic<br />
magnetismo nm magnetism | m. fosíl<br />
paleomagnetism<br />
magnetizable adj magnetizable<br />
magnetización nf magnetization<br />
magnetar vtr to magnetize<br />
magneto nm magnet<br />
magnetómetro nm magnetometer<br />
magnitud nf magnitude (of an earthquake)<br />
magnometría nf magnetic exploration<br />
magro,ra adj lean<br />
mainel nm mullion<br />
maja nf pestle<br />
majadero nm pestle<br />
majamiento nm crushing, grinding, pounding<br />
majar vtr to crush, pound, grind, break<br />
mal de choco nm silicosis<br />
malacate nm whim for hoisting ore, etc.<br />
malaquita nf malachite | m. azul azurite | m.<br />
verde malachite<br />
maleabilidad nf maleability<br />
maleable adj maleable<br />
málico adjm malic<br />
malpaís nf badlands<br />
malquita nf malchite (obs, lamprophyre)<br />
malta nf asphalt<br />
malla nf mesh, screen | network | m. ancha<br />
coarse mesh | m. angosta fine mesh<br />
mana nf source, spring<br />
manatial adj spring | nm spring, source | m.<br />
artesiano artesian spring | m. ascendente artesian<br />
spring | m. caliente hot spring | m. de<br />
desbordamiento contact spring | m. de estrato<br />
hillside spring | m. de falla fissure spring | m.<br />
de fisura fissure spring | m. de grieta fissure<br />
spring | m. de hondonada depression spring | m.<br />
de ladera gravity or contact spring | m. de valle<br />
valley spring | m. descendente depression spring<br />
| m. rebosante gravity spring | m. resurgente<br />
contact spring | m. surtidor artesian spring<br />
mancomunidad nf joint responsibility assumed<br />
by an association of miners (gremio de mineros)<br />
for the repayment of member's debts to a bank
M-2<br />
| pooling of properties to obtain an exploration<br />
permit<br />
mancha nf stain or spot of ore | flaw in a crystal<br />
| m. de metal spot of ore<br />
manchado,-da adj spotted | stained<br />
mandón nm mine foreman<br />
manganato nm manganate<br />
manganesa nf pyrolusite, manganese peroxide<br />
manganesia nf pyrolusite<br />
manganeso nm manganese | manganese ore |<br />
m. gris manganite | m. negro pyrolusite<br />
mangánico,-ca adj manganic<br />
manganoso,-sa adj manganous<br />
manifestación nf occurrence, showing (of ore<br />
etc.)<br />
manta nf bedded vein or deposit | blanket<br />
deposit, "manto" | v de manta [Col] horizontal<br />
vein<br />
manteado,-da adj flat, blanket-like<br />
mantenimiento de presión nm pressure<br />
maintenance<br />
manteo nm bedding | [Bol] cover rock | [Bol,<br />
Ch] dip<br />
mantilla nf [Tex] pocket or bunch of ore<br />
mantisa nf mantissa<br />
manto nm bed, layer, stratum | nappe |<br />
stratified or stratbound mineral deposit |<br />
bedded or blanket vein | lenticular deposit or<br />
pocket | flat or horizontal vein | mantle |<br />
[Atacama, Ch] a thick breccia zone |<br />
[Maravatío, Méx] gold-bearing gossan | m.<br />
broceador [Atacama, Ch] unmineralized bed |<br />
m. de azul [Cartagena, Sp] bed containing azul,<br />
disseminated galena and pyrite | m. de<br />
corrimento nappe | m. freático water-bearing bed<br />
| m. hidráulico water-bearing bed | m. negro<br />
augite porphyry | m. pintador [Atacama, Ch]<br />
mineralized bed | m. sobreescurrido overthrust<br />
manzana nf [Arg] a land measure (about 2.5<br />
acres) | [CAm] a land measure (about 1.75<br />
acres)<br />
mapa nm map | m. administrativo plat | m. básico<br />
base map | m. de base base map | m. de<br />
superficie surface map | m. estructural structure<br />
contour map | m. geológico geologic map | m.<br />
topográfico topographic map<br />
mapamiento,-ta adj mapping<br />
mapoteca nf map archive<br />
mápula nf [Popayán, Col] a precious stone<br />
maquila nf [Bol] smelting charges, smelting toll<br />
maquina diamantina nf [Bol] diamond drill<br />
mar nm ocean, sea | m. abisal abyssal sea | m.<br />
adentro offshore | m. epicontinental epeiric sea<br />
marca nf framework | district or province |<br />
symbol stamped on bullion to indicate that<br />
taxes or duties have been paid | m. de arrastre<br />
scour mark | m. de escurrimiento rill mark | m.<br />
de oleaje ripplemark | m. de remolino eddy mark<br />
| m. del diezmo mark stamped on a bar of silver<br />
indicating that the diezmo tax (ten percent) had<br />
been paid | m. lunada gouge mark<br />
marco nm a weight of 8 onzas | m. de oro weight<br />
of 50 castellanos, 400 tomines or 4800 granos | m.<br />
de plata weight of 8 onzas, 64 ochavas, 128<br />
adarmes, 384 tomines or 4608 granos<br />
marcha nf | m. aleatoria random walk<br />
marea nf tide | m. alta high tide | m. baja low<br />
tide | m. gravimétrica tidal gravity | m. lunar<br />
lunar tide | m. muerta | m. roja red tide | m.<br />
viva spring tide<br />
marecanita nf obsidian<br />
maremotar,-triz adj tidal<br />
marejada nf cross-bedding<br />
marengo adj/nm dark grey<br />
marga nf marl | loam | marlstone | [Titiribí,<br />
Col] spathic iron | m. límica bog lime<br />
margen nm margin, fringe, edge, border | river<br />
bank | m. continental continental margin<br />
margoso,-sa adj marly, loamy<br />
marguero nm marl pit<br />
marino,-na adj marine<br />
marisma nf salt lake<br />
marismeño,-ña adj marsh<br />
marjal nm marsh, bog<br />
marmaja nf [Méx] pyrite | [Col] pyrite or<br />
marcasite<br />
marmita nf pothole | m. de gigante pothole | m.<br />
glacial kettle<br />
marmól nf marble | m. brecha brecciated marble<br />
| m. brocatel spotted or veined marble | m. de<br />
puebla [Teocalli, Puebla, Méx] onyx marble | m.<br />
estatuario or m. de estatuas statuary marble | m.<br />
lumaquela marble rich in shells | m. mexicano<br />
lime alabaster | m. pintado spotted marble | m.<br />
rayado streaked marble | m. serpentino<br />
serpentine marble<br />
marmolete nm [Vz] a var limestone<br />
marmór nm marble | [Almadén, Sp] melaphyre<br />
marna nf [Arg] marl<br />
marquesita nf marcasite<br />
masa nf mass of metal or ore | irregular deposit<br />
| sedimentary deposit | m. blanda soft, semiconsolidated<br />
sediment such as clay or coal | m.
M-3<br />
del criadero vein filling | m. dura quartzose<br />
consolidated sediment | m. echada irregular<br />
deposit more or less stratiform | m. filonía ore<br />
shoot | m. firme quartzose consolidated<br />
sediment | m. floja soft sediment such as sand<br />
or peat | m. fundida melt | m. levantada<br />
irregular deposit discordant with bedding | m.<br />
movizada soft sediment | m. muy duro or muy<br />
firme very hard rocks such as chert, granite,<br />
gneiss, etc. | m. quebrizada consolidated, clayey<br />
sediments | m. suelta soft, unconsolidated<br />
sediment<br />
masicote nm masicot<br />
masivo,-va adj massive<br />
mata nf [met] matte | matas de oro [Col] bunches<br />
of gold ore<br />
matar un pozo vtr to kill a well<br />
matatena nf [Méx] pebble, cobble<br />
mate adj unpolished | slaked<br />
matera nf [Col] mine in which gold is found in<br />
bunches or matas de oro<br />
materia nf material | matter | overburden | m.<br />
bituminosa kerabitumin | m. estéril barren<br />
material<br />
material nm material | m. en bruto raw material<br />
| m. estéril overburden<br />
matloquita nf matlockite<br />
matriz nf matrix, gangue | m. de las variancascovariancas<br />
variance-covariance matrix<br />
matutina nf morning vein<br />
máximo nm high, upper part of a structure or<br />
anomaly | m. magnético magnetic high<br />
maxvelio nm Maxwell<br />
mazamorra nf [Col] imperfect and accidental<br />
working<br />
mazomorrear vtr [Col] to wash gold<br />
mazut nm fuel oil<br />
meandro nm meander | m. abandonado<br />
abandoned meander | m. de valle valley<br />
meander | m. libre free meander<br />
médano nm sand dune | sand bar | m. fijado<br />
anchored dune | m. lateral shifting dune | m.<br />
ligado attached dune | m. ondulado stable sand<br />
hill | m. vivo active dune<br />
media nf half | mean | m. aritmética arithmetic<br />
mean | m. armónica harmonic mean | m. barreta<br />
[Bol, Pe] an irregular inclined shaft | m. caña |<br />
m. cuadrática cuadratic mean | m. geométrica<br />
geometric mean | m. móvil moving average |<br />
m. pepena [Méx] medium quality ore | m. vida<br />
half-life<br />
mediana nf median<br />
medidor nm meter | m. de pH pH meter<br />
medio nm middle | mean<br />
medioambiente nm environment<br />
medir vtr to measure<br />
megafósil nm macrofossil, megafossil<br />
megascópico,-ca adj megascopic<br />
melaconisa nf tenorite<br />
meláfido nm melaphyre (obs, basalt)<br />
meláfiro nm melaphyre<br />
melanocrático,-ca adj melanocratic<br />
melita nf mellite<br />
membrana nf membrane<br />
memoría nf report, record | [Méx] payroll (at a<br />
mine)<br />
mena nm vein of ore | ore in general | m. bruto<br />
or crudo raw ore | m. de los pantanos bog iron<br />
ore | m. grueso ore in large lumps | m. recio<br />
massive ore<br />
mención nf record<br />
mensura nf survey | m. con brújula Brunton<br />
Brunton survey | m. con estadia stadia survey<br />
mensurado,-da adj surveyed<br />
mensurar vtr to survey<br />
mercader nm merchant, dealer | m. de plata<br />
large-scale dealer in silver<br />
mercúrico,-ca adj mercuric<br />
mercurio nm mercury | mercury ore | m.<br />
argental argental mercury | m. argénteo argental<br />
mercury | m. córneo or dulce calomel | m.<br />
hepático liver ore, hepatic cinnabar | m. nativo<br />
native mercury<br />
mercurioso adjm mercurous<br />
meridiano nm meridian<br />
merma nf waste, loss in processing<br />
meroédrico,-ca adj merohedral<br />
meroxeno nm meroxene<br />
mesa nf mesa, table mountain | principal facet<br />
of a precious stone | [Chañarcillo, Ch] smooth<br />
face of sterile limestone along the footwall of<br />
mineralized limestone | m. de concentración<br />
concentrating table | m. de glaciares glacial table<br />
| m. para lamas slime table<br />
meseta nf plateau | m. basáltica basalt plateau |<br />
m. continental continental plateau<br />
mesosfera nf mesosphere<br />
mesoroca nf mesorock<br />
mesotipo nm mesotype<br />
mesozoico,-ca adj Mesozoic | nm Mesozoic<br />
mesozona nf mesozone<br />
metal nm metal | alloy | ore (in colonial times<br />
metal was the usual term for ore and was not<br />
used for refined metals) | m. acopolado [San
M-4<br />
Alto, Méx] fine yellow cassiterite obtained by<br />
washing tierras | [Sultepec, Méx] ore<br />
containing 50 to 60 ounce per ton silver | m.<br />
amarillo calaverite | m. antimonioso [Huitzuco,<br />
Méx] livingstonite | m. azul galena | m. azul de<br />
plata silver-bearing galena | [Almadén, Sp] rich<br />
mercury ore | m. azulado selbite | m. barreteado<br />
ore freshly cut from a working face and yet to<br />
be sorted and crushed | m. blanco cerargyrite |<br />
m. calichoso [Méx] feldspathic ore | m. cálido<br />
[Ch] silver ore suitable for amalgamation by the<br />
tina process | m. caracol [Méx] spiraly wire<br />
silver | m. cenizo silver chloride | m. colgado<br />
[Ch] ore-in-sight, ore reserves | m. común third<br />
class or ordinary ore | m. corrido placer ore | m.<br />
de acarreo secondary ore | m. de ayuda flux | m.<br />
de azogue ore amenable to amalgamation with<br />
mercury | m. de cazo [Méx] silver chloride ore |<br />
m. de cebo [Méx] very rich, direct reducing silver<br />
ore | m. de crudo [Pe] oxidized ore | m. de color<br />
[Cerro de Pasco, Pe] oxidized copper ore | m.<br />
de correa [San Luis Potosí, Méx] ore of nearly<br />
pure cassiterite | m. de fuego smelting ore | m.<br />
de fundición smelting ore | m. de labores smalls<br />
from mine workings | m. de pie [Méx] ore<br />
amenable to benificiation by the patio process of<br />
amalgamation | m. de pinta silver-bearing ore |<br />
m. de primera (clase) first-class ore | m. de quema<br />
[Pe] sulphide ore | m. de segunda (clase) second<br />
class ore | m. de tonel pyritic ore with little<br />
silver | m. despoblado [Méx] ore with much<br />
gangue, low-grade ore | m. en barra bullion |<br />
m. en bruto ore | m. en piedra crude, uncrushed<br />
ore | m. flor surface ore | m. gabarro large,<br />
coarse ore | first-class ore | large piece of slag<br />
| m. gráfico sylvanite | m. granza smalls | m.<br />
hierroso [Peras, Méx] masses of iron ore in<br />
cubical fragments | m. hecho selected ore, prill |<br />
m. hojoso nagyagite | m. humiento [Guadalcázar,<br />
Méx] complex silver ore | m. jugoso [Méx] lead<br />
ore | m. machacado native gold and silver leaf |<br />
m. mogino [Guadalcázar, Méx] mixture of<br />
argentiferous galena, argentite and silver<br />
telluride | m. mosqueado [Taviches, Méx]<br />
pyrargyrite disseminated in quartz matrix | m.<br />
nativo native metal | m. negro sphalerite [Cerro<br />
de Pasco, Pe] sulfuretted copper ore | m. negro<br />
argentífero tetrahedrite | m. noble free-milling<br />
ore | m. ordinario low-grade ore | m. pastoso<br />
argentiferous galena | [Méx] bournonite | m.<br />
pepena rich ore | m. plateado [Pe] ore of copper<br />
assaying about 60% copper | m. plomoso lead<br />
ore | m. plomoso reluciente silver-bearing lead<br />
ore | m. polvorilla argentite | m. regular average<br />
grade ore | m. verde embolite | [Méx] silver ore<br />
with copper carbonates, oxides and sulfides |<br />
m. virgen native metal<br />
metalada nf [Méx] a discovery of ore in a<br />
previously unproductive working<br />
metálico,-ca adj metallic<br />
metalífero,-ra adj metalliferous<br />
metalización nf metallization<br />
metalogénesis nf metalligenesis<br />
metalogenético,-ca adj metallogenic<br />
metaloide nm metaloide<br />
metalurgia nf metallurgy<br />
metalúrgico,-ca adj metallurgical | nm<br />
metallurgist<br />
metamíctico,-ca adj metamict<br />
metamórfico,-ca adj metamorphic<br />
metamorfismo nm metamorphism | m. cáustico<br />
regional metamorphism | m. de carga y descarga<br />
burial metamorphism | m. de contacto contact<br />
metamorphism | m. de dislocación dynamic<br />
metamorphism | m. de presión burial<br />
metamorphism | m. dinámico dynamic<br />
metamorphism | m. general regional<br />
metamorphism | m. geotérmico thermal<br />
metamorphism | m. regional regional<br />
metamorphism<br />
metamorfosear vtr to metamorphose<br />
metano nm methane<br />
metasedimento nm metasediment<br />
metasomático,-ca adj metasomatic<br />
metasomatismo nm metasomitism<br />
metasomatosis nf metasomatism<br />
metavulcánita nf metavolcanic<br />
meteorito nm meteorite<br />
meteorización nf weathering | m. diferencial<br />
differential weathering | m. física mechanical<br />
weathering | m. mecánica mechanical<br />
weathering | m. química chemical weathering<br />
meteorizado,-da adj weathered<br />
meteorizar vtr to weather<br />
método nm method, process | m. de encasdillado<br />
square setting | m. de los momentos method of<br />
moments | m. de monte carlo monte carlo<br />
method<br />
meteoro nm meteor<br />
metro nm meter | m. cuadrado cubic meter | m.<br />
cúbico cubic meter<br />
mezcla nf mixture, admixture, blend | mixing |<br />
melange<br />
mezclable adj miscible
M-5<br />
mezclar vtr/pr to mix, admix<br />
mezcuitlatl nm opal<br />
miargirita nf miargyrite<br />
miarolítico,-ca adj miarolitic<br />
miascita nf miaskite (obs, nepheline syenite)<br />
mica nf mica | miner's term for small crystals of<br />
pyrite | pyrrhotite | [Col] lead molybdate | m.<br />
blanca muscovite | m. caliza margarite | m. de<br />
litio lepidolite | m. dilatada expanded mica | m.<br />
ferrolítica zinnwaldite | m. negra biotite | m.<br />
parda phlogopite | m. potásica muscovite<br />
micáceo,-cea adj micaceous<br />
micacita nf mica schist<br />
mica-pizarra nf mica schist<br />
micasquisto nm mica schist<br />
micela nf micelle<br />
micra nf micron<br />
microbrecha nf microbreccia<br />
microclástico,-ca adj microclastic<br />
microclina nf microcline<br />
microclino nm microcline<br />
microcristalino adj microcrystalline<br />
microelemento nm trace element<br />
microestructura nf microstructure<br />
micro-filón nm veinlet, microvein<br />
micromilímetro nm micron<br />
micrón nm micron<br />
microperfil nf microlog<br />
micropertita nf microperthite<br />
micropliegue nf microfold<br />
microregistro nm microlog<br />
microscopia nf microscopy<br />
microscópico,-ca adj microscopic<br />
microscopio nm microscope | m. binocular<br />
binocular microscope | m. estereoscópico<br />
stereroscopic microscope | m. polarizante<br />
polarizing microscope<br />
microsísmico,-ca adj microseismic<br />
microsismo nm microseism<br />
miche nm [Fresnillo, Méx] a ore of argentiferous<br />
galena, sphalerite and pyrite | [Santa Cruz de<br />
Alayá, Méx] any black amorphous mineral<br />
found in veins<br />
miembro nm member<br />
migmatita nf migmatite<br />
migmatización nf migmatization<br />
migración nf migration | m. de los continentes<br />
continental drift | m. primaria primary<br />
migration | m. secundaria secondary migration<br />
milibar nm millibar<br />
miligramo nm milligram<br />
mililitro nm milliliter<br />
milimetro nm millimeter<br />
milonita nf mylonite<br />
milonitización nf mylonitization<br />
milla nf mile<br />
millón nm [Méx] an ore pile<br />
mimatesa nf mimetite<br />
mimetita nf mimetite<br />
mimetesita nf mimetite<br />
mimetismo nm mimetism<br />
mina nf mine | mineral deposit | ore | spring |<br />
m. ahogada [Col] placer mine covered by an<br />
active landslide | m. alta [Col] placer mine<br />
situated above available water | m. amparada<br />
mine maintained in posession by paying the<br />
necessary fees but not necessarily worked | m.<br />
antigua mine worked in Indian or Spanish<br />
colonial times | m. aurífera graphic tellurium |<br />
m. baja [Col] placer mine situated below<br />
available water | m. capotera [Col] shallow<br />
placer | m. cateada mining claim explored by<br />
catas or shallow shafts or pits | m. ciega [Bol]<br />
abandoned working | m. cogollera [Col] mine<br />
which was profitable when worked at the<br />
surface but became unprofitable once workings<br />
were extended underground | m. colindante<br />
adjacent or bordering mine | m. de aluvión<br />
placer | m. de arena sand pit | m. de balasto<br />
ballast pit | m. de bronce bell-metal ore | m. de<br />
cacho [Col] placer mine where boulders are<br />
small enough to be removed by hand | m. de<br />
capacho [Col] mine with spotty mineralization |<br />
m. de cerro [Col] mine on a hill top where water<br />
is scarce | m. de cueva [Col] placer covered by<br />
large boulders | m. de grava gravel pit | m. de<br />
invierno [Col] placer mine that can only be<br />
worked during the rainy season | m. de saca<br />
[Col] placer mine that must be continuously<br />
dewatered to be worked | m. de verano [Col]<br />
mine that can only be worked during dry<br />
season | m. despilado mine robbed of its pillars<br />
| m. en labor working mine | m. hervida [Col]<br />
pay-dirt in a pothole | m. hullera coal mine | m.<br />
jornalera [Col] mine which covers costs but<br />
yields little profit | m. tonga mine that can be<br />
drained by gravity | m. de tope [Col] mine<br />
where gold is found in shoots but is otherwise<br />
barren | m. de transilvania graphic tellurium<br />
minado nm underground working, mining |<br />
mine working<br />
minador,-dora adj mining | nm miner<br />
minal adj pertaining to a mine<br />
minar vtr to mine, undermine
M-6<br />
minera nf mine<br />
mineraje nm mining<br />
mineral adj mineral, ore<br />
mineral nm mineral, ore | spring | mine |<br />
mining district | m. a la vista ore in sight | m.<br />
accesorio accessory mineral | [Méx]<br />
independent rural town whose principal<br />
activity was mining | m. arrancado broken ore |<br />
m. bajo de ley low grade ore | m. beneficiable pay<br />
ore | m. cálido [Ch] silver ore suitable for<br />
amalgamation by the tina process | m. de<br />
acarreo secondary ore | m. de alta ley high grade<br />
ore | m. de azogue ore amenable to<br />
amalgamation with mercury | m. de contacto<br />
contact mineral | m. de coral cinnabar<br />
contaminated by organic matter | m. de maquila<br />
custom ore | m. de montaña ore disseminated in<br />
country rock (generally uneconomic) | m.<br />
desmenuzado fine-grained ore | m. en rueda<br />
bournonite | m. filoniano gangue mineral | m.<br />
gongorado [Col] vuggy ore | m. graso rich ore |<br />
m. guía type mineral | m. índice index mineral |<br />
m. intacto ore in place | m. neumatolítico<br />
pneumatolytic mineral | m. pesado heavy<br />
mineral | m. piritoso pyritic ore | m. pobre low<br />
grade ore | m. poroso honeycombed ore | m.<br />
recurrente | m. tipomorfo typomorphic mineral |<br />
m. verde de plomo pyromorphite<br />
mineralización nf mineralization<br />
mineralizador,-dora adj mineralizing<br />
mineralizar vtr to mineralize<br />
mineralogía nf mineralogy<br />
mineralógico,-ca adj mineralogical<br />
mineralogista nm or f mineralogist<br />
mineraloide nm mineraloid<br />
minería nf art and science of mining | mining |<br />
m. chica small mines | m. hidráulica hydraulic<br />
mining, hydraulicking | m. mediana mediumsize<br />
mines | m. pequeña small mines | gran m.<br />
large mines<br />
minero,-ra adj mineral | mining, pertaining to<br />
mining | economía minera mineral economics<br />
minero nm miner | mine | mineral deposit |<br />
[Bol, Pe] mine owner | [Potosí, Bol] mine<br />
foreman<br />
mineta nf little mine | minette<br />
minga nm [Bol, Pe] hired Indian labor (this<br />
should not be construed as indication that<br />
mingas were free laborers since most were<br />
employed to pay off debts owed to their<br />
employers or were obliged to work on behalf of<br />
their kurakas with their pay being used by the<br />
kuraka to make payments in lieu of sending<br />
mitayos to the mines) | m. repasiri Indian hired<br />
to mix, ladle and trod ore in the patio process of<br />
amalgamation of silver ores<br />
minimo nm cut-off<br />
minio nm minium, red lead<br />
minutas nfpl survey notes<br />
mioceno,-na adj Miocene | nm Miocene<br />
miocénico,-ca adj Miocene<br />
miogeosinclinal nm miogeosyncline<br />
mira nf rod | m. de nivelación levelling rod | m.<br />
taquimétrica stadia rod<br />
misisipiano,-na adj Mississippian<br />
misisípico,-ca adj Mississippian<br />
mispíquel nm mispickel, arsenopyrite<br />
mita nm Quechua word for "turn" which in the<br />
time of the Incas referred to a period of<br />
mandatory public service; under the Spanish<br />
this evolved into the mita minera, a system of<br />
forced labor in the mines of Potosí, Cerro de<br />
Pasco and elsewhere in what is now Bolivia<br />
and Perú | [Bol] a day's work | m. mortiri<br />
service tending stamp mills used to crush silver<br />
ore | m. nueva a new system of forced labor set<br />
up by the Código Carolino in 1792 under<br />
regulations intended to improve the conditions<br />
under which mitayos served<br />
mitayo nm Indian serving his mita<br />
mixtura nf mixture, blend<br />
moco nm iron scoria, slag | m. de hierro [El<br />
Caratal, Vz] brown iron ore, occuring as<br />
ferruginous conglomerate, sandstone, breccia<br />
or pisolitic iron ore and is considered to be an<br />
indicator of gold mineralization<br />
mocoruña nm Indian serving his first mita in a<br />
mine, i.e. a "greenhorn"<br />
mocheta blanca nf [Pachuca, Méx] rhyolitic tuff<br />
used as building stone<br />
mocheta morada nf [Pachuca, Méx] dacite used<br />
as building stone<br />
moda nf mode<br />
modelo nm model | m. aleatorio random model |<br />
m. de crecimiento growth model | m. determinista<br />
deterministic model | m. estocástico stochastic<br />
model<br />
modo nm mode, manner | m. de yacer mode of<br />
occurrence<br />
módulo nm modulus | m. de preción modulus of<br />
precision | m. de volumen bulk modulus | m. de<br />
Young Young modulus<br />
mofeta nf mofette
M-7<br />
mogote nm [Pe] surficial, outcropping portion of<br />
an ore deposit<br />
mogrollo nm [Méx] silver sulfide ore<br />
mojón nm claim corner, monument<br />
mojona nf land survey<br />
mojonamiento nm monumentation<br />
mojonar vtr to set monuments<br />
mol nm mole<br />
molaridad nf molarity<br />
molasa nf limey sandstone | molasse<br />
molde nf mold | m. de carga load mold<br />
moldura de rompiente nf cove<br />
mole nm large mass of rock | [chem] mole |<br />
[Col] galena | ores or concentrates consisting<br />
mostly of galena<br />
molecúla nf molecule<br />
moledor nm grinder, mill<br />
moledora nf grinder, mill<br />
molejón nm [Cuba] reef | ridge of rock<br />
moler vtr to grind, comminute<br />
molibdato nm molybdate<br />
molibdenita nf molybdenite<br />
molibdeno nm molybdenum<br />
molienda nf grinding, crushing | m. con pisones<br />
stamp milling<br />
molinera nf [Sierra Almagrera, Sp] siderite<br />
molino nm mill | ore sent to a mill | [Col]<br />
alluvial material that collects in a ground sluice<br />
| m. glaciar ice mill | m. de mazos stamp mill<br />
molonque nm [Méx] silver ore in which silver<br />
sulfides predominate over gangue | m.<br />
relumbroso stephanite<br />
moloquita nf dull green variety of agate<br />
monacita nf monazite<br />
monoclinal nm monocline<br />
monoclínico,-ca adj monoclinic<br />
montaña nf mountain | country rock | m. de<br />
cobijadura overthrust mountain | m. de<br />
plegamiento folded mountain | m. troncal<br />
truncated upland<br />
monte nm mountain | m. isla | m. residual<br />
monadnock<br />
montera nf outcrop | [Huelva, Sp] gossan |<br />
overburden on placer deposits<br />
montiano,-na adj Montian<br />
monticelita nf monticellite<br />
montículo nm hillock, monticule<br />
montiense adj Montian<br />
montmorillonita nf montmorillonite<br />
montón nm heap or pile | pile of ore | [Méx] a<br />
measure of weight | [Col] irregular deposit |<br />
m. acostada stratiform deposit | m. estrelazado or<br />
estoverca stockwork | m. recto a wide vein<br />
connecting stratiform and non-stratiform<br />
deposits<br />
morado,-da adj violet, purple<br />
morallión nf [Col] an inferior emerald<br />
morena nf moraine | m. basal ground moraine |<br />
m. central medial moraine | m. de ablación<br />
ablation moraine | m. de fondo ground moraine,<br />
basal moraine | m. de kames kame moraine | m.<br />
depositada deposited moraine | m. interna<br />
ground moraine | m. en movimiento moving<br />
moraine | m. frontal terminal moraine | m.<br />
lateral lateral moraine | m. superior surface<br />
moraine | m. terminal end or terminal moraine<br />
morénico,-ca adj morainic, morainal<br />
moreno,-na adj brown<br />
morfoestructural adj morphostructural<br />
morfogénesis nf morphogenesis<br />
morfografía nf morphography<br />
morfología nf morphology<br />
morfotectónica nf morphotectonics<br />
moro,-ra adj color of red wine<br />
moromoro nm [Moquegua, Pe] argillaceous rock<br />
morrillo nm cobble, boulder<br />
morro nm a conical or pyramidal hill<br />
mortiri nm an Indian serving his mita tending<br />
stamps used to crush silver ore<br />
mosca nf [Méx] spot of black ore, usually silver<br />
sulfide, in quartz matrix<br />
mosor nm monadnock<br />
mosqueado,-da adj spotted<br />
moteado,-da adj mottled<br />
movilización nf mobilization<br />
movimiento nm movement | m. bascular<br />
oscillation | m. de masas mass movement | m.<br />
epirogenético epirogenetic movement | m.<br />
eustático eustatic movement | m. orogenético<br />
orogenesis<br />
moya nf volcanic clay<br />
muela nf hillock<br />
muera nf salt-water or brine<br />
muestra nf sample | specimin | m. alzada a mano<br />
grab sample | m. de pared core sample | m.<br />
sesgada biased sample<br />
muestrador nm sampler | m. de núcleos core<br />
sampler | m. de testigos core sampler<br />
muestrario nm sampling by core drilling<br />
muestreo nm sampling<br />
muestro nm sampling | m. múltiple multiple or<br />
repetitive sampling | m. secuencial sequential<br />
sampling
M-8<br />
mulata nf [Col] well rounded quartz grains that<br />
accompany gold in placers<br />
mulato nm dark green or coppery green silver<br />
ore | [Pe] silver oxysulfide ore | [Atacama, Ch]<br />
silver sulfide ore below paco and above negrillo<br />
multicolinealidad nf multicollinearity<br />
multicolor adj multicolored<br />
muñon nm mullion<br />
muro nm sole | footwall | m. colgante hanging<br />
wall<br />
muscovita nf muscovite<br />
muy minado,-da adj honeycombed or dog holed<br />
with workings
N-1<br />
N<br />
nacarado,-da adj pearly, nacreous<br />
nacarar vtr to give a pearly luster to<br />
nacarita nf kaolinite<br />
naciente nm rising | east | nmpl headwaters |<br />
[Col] outcroppings<br />
nacimiento nm spring or source | headwaters |<br />
n. de un río head of a river<br />
nafta nf crude oil (obs) | naptha | [Arg] gasoline<br />
| [Vz] high octane gasoline<br />
naftalina nf naphthalene<br />
nafteina nf naphthine (a fossil wax)<br />
naftina nf napthene<br />
nagiagita nf nagyagite<br />
naife nm uncut diamond<br />
namaqualita nf cyanotrichite<br />
namuriano,-na adj Namurian<br />
namurense adj Namurian | nm Namurian<br />
nanofósil nf nannofossil<br />
nanosegundo nm nanosecond<br />
nantoquita nf nantokite<br />
napa nf plate | aquifer | n. artesiana artesian<br />
aquifer | n. cautiva confined groundwater | n.<br />
colgada perched aquifer | n. de agua subterránea<br />
water table | n. rebajada lowered groundwater<br />
napoleanita nf corsite<br />
naranja adj orange | n. claro light orange<br />
narí nf nari (var of caliche)<br />
nariz nf nose (of a fold)<br />
narria nf a type of sledge<br />
nata nf slag | [Méx] litharge<br />
nativo,-va adj native<br />
natroborocalcita nf ulexite<br />
natrofilita nf natrophilite<br />
natrofosfato nm natrophosphate<br />
navaja nf pocket knife<br />
nebraskiense adj Nebraskan<br />
nefelina nf nepheline<br />
nefelinita nf nephelinite<br />
nefelinitoide nm nephelinitoid<br />
nefelino nm nepheline<br />
nefelita nf nepheline<br />
nefeloide adj nepheloid<br />
nefinolíto nm nephinolith<br />
nefrita nf jade, nephrite | nephritoid<br />
nefrítico,-ca adj jade, nephritic<br />
negativo,-va adj negative<br />
negrillo nm native silver black in color |<br />
stephanite | dark colored copper-silver ore |<br />
[Arg, Méx] argentite | [Bol, Ch] complex silver<br />
sulfarsenate and antimonate ore | [Caracoles,<br />
Ch] complex sulfiodide-sulfchloride-sulfidecarbonate<br />
silver-lead ore | [Huelva, Sp] copper<br />
rich ore | [Hualgáyoc, Pe] dark mixture of<br />
copper, iron and manganese oxides<br />
negro,-ra adj black | nm black | [Ch, Pe] dark<br />
colored caliche | [Guadalcázar, Méx] lead-grey,<br />
hepatic cinnabar | [Méx] silver-rich<br />
tetrahedrite | [Méx] silver ore with a high<br />
galena content | [Fresnillo, Méx] finely<br />
disseminated native silver and argentite in a<br />
pyrite matrix | [Charcas, Méx] silver ore<br />
consisting of sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite,<br />
and chalcopyrite | n. de carbono carbon black |<br />
n .de humo lamp black | n. de plomo graphite<br />
negro-negro nm [Col] a black micaceous schist<br />
that hosts weathered out and hence barren<br />
silver veins<br />
negrueco,-ca adj blackish, darkish<br />
neis nm gneiss | n. agmatítico agmatic gneiss | n.<br />
de ojos augen gneiss | n. filoniano aldergneiss |<br />
n. glandular augen gneiss<br />
néisico,-ca adj gneissic<br />
nematoblástico,-ca adj nematoblastic<br />
Nemausense nm Nemausian, Valanginien<br />
neme nm [Col] manganese oxide<br />
neoautóctono nm neoautochthon<br />
neoblasto nm neoblast<br />
neoceno,-na adj Neogene<br />
Neócico nm Neocomian<br />
neocomiano,-na adj Neocomian<br />
neocomiense adj Neocomian | nm Neocomian<br />
neocristalización nf neocrystallization<br />
neocrístico,-ca adj neocryst<br />
neocrísto nm neocryst<br />
neodimio nm neodymium<br />
neoéspato nm neospar<br />
neoformación nf neogenesis<br />
neogénico,-ca adj neogenic<br />
neógeno,-na adj Neogene | nm Neogene<br />
neoglaciación nf neoglaciation<br />
neohexano nm neohexane<br />
neomineralización nf neomineralization<br />
neomorfismo nm neomorphism<br />
neoporfirítico,-ca adj neoporphyritic<br />
neosomo nm neosome<br />
neotectónico,-ca adj neotectonic | nm<br />
neotectonics<br />
neotipo nm neotype<br />
neovolcánico,-ca adj neovolcanic<br />
neozoico,-ca adj Quaternary<br />
neptunio nm neptunium
N-2<br />
nerítico,-ca adj neritic<br />
nerviense adj Nervian | nm Nervian<br />
nesofítico,-ca adj diabasic, nesophitic<br />
nesosilicato nm nesosilicate<br />
neudeckense adj Neudeckian | nm Neudeckian<br />
neumatógeno,-na adj pneumatolytic<br />
neumatolítico,-ca adj pneumatolytic<br />
neumatolosis nf pneumatolysis<br />
neutroviscoso,-sa adj viscous neutral<br />
neuvizense adj Oxfordian | nm Oxfordian<br />
nevadiense adj Nevadan<br />
nevado adj snow-covered | nm firnfield, névé |<br />
snowcapped mountain, mountain with<br />
perpetual snow<br />
nevero nm perrenial snowcap or snowfield<br />
neviza nf firn, névé<br />
niagariense adj Niagaran<br />
nicle nm a var of chalcedony with some bands<br />
darker than others<br />
nicol nm nicol | nicoles cruzados crossed nicols<br />
nicolita nf niccolite, nicolite, nickeline<br />
nicopirita nf pentlandite<br />
nicho nm niche | n. de nivación nivation hollow<br />
| n. de rompiente [geomorph] cove<br />
nidada or nida de oro nf nest of gold<br />
nido nm pocket (of ore) | nest (of minerals)<br />
niega nf [Cartagena, Sp] sterile portion of a vein<br />
nieve nf snow | n. penitente penitent, sun spike |<br />
n. pulverulenta powdery snow<br />
nife nm earth's inner core, nife, sial<br />
nifesima nf earth's inner core<br />
níkel nm nickel<br />
niobio nm niobium<br />
niobofilita nf niobophyllite<br />
níquel nm nickel | nickel ore | n. arsénical<br />
niccolite | n. blanco chloanthite | n.-hierro<br />
nickel-iron<br />
niquelhexahidrita nf nickelhexahydrite<br />
niquelífero,-ra adj nickel-bearing, nickeliferous<br />
niquelina nf nickeline, niccolite<br />
niquelocre nm annabergite<br />
nitral nm nitrate bed or deposit | nitrate works<br />
nitratina nf soda niter, nitratite, caliche<br />
nitratita nf soda niter, nitratite, caliche<br />
nitrato nm nitrate | n. de amonio ammonium<br />
nitrate | n. de chile saltpeter | n. de potasio<br />
potassium nitrate | n. de sodio sodium nitrate |<br />
n. sódico sodium nitrate<br />
nitrera nf nitrate bed or deposit | nitrate works<br />
nitrería nf niter bed | nitrate reduction works<br />
nítrico,-ca adj nitric<br />
nitrificación nf nitrification<br />
nitro nm nitrate | niter, saltpeter | n. de chile<br />
soda niter | n. potásico potash niter | n. sódico<br />
soda niter<br />
nitrógeno nm nitrogen<br />
nitroso,-sa adj nitrous<br />
nitruro nm nitride<br />
nivación nf nivation<br />
nivel nm level, height | level (tool) | [Santander,<br />
Sp] bed of calamine, worked as benches in a<br />
quarry | n. de agrimensor surveyor's level | n.<br />
de(l) agua water level | n. de agua freática water<br />
table | n. de arrastre haulage level | n. de base<br />
base level | n. de burbuja spirit level | n. de<br />
confianza confidence level | n. de creciente flood<br />
water level | n. de erosión | n. de la galería adit<br />
level | n. de explotación working level | n. de<br />
extracción hoisting level, winding level | n. de<br />
fluido fluid level (in a well) | n. de la napa<br />
freática phreatic water level | n. de rebanada slice<br />
level | n. de saturación level of saturation | n. de<br />
suelo ground level | n. del mar sea level | n.<br />
esférico spherical level | n. estático static water<br />
level | n. estructural structural stage | n. fondo<br />
grade level | n. freático water table | n.<br />
hidráulico level of saturation | n. hidrostático<br />
(ground)water level | hydrostatic level | n.<br />
iluvial illuvial horizon | n. inferior lower level |<br />
n. intermediario Intermediate level | n.<br />
intermedio blind level | n. medio del mar mean<br />
sea level | n. paralelo parallel heading | n.<br />
piezométrico hydraulic gradient | piezometric<br />
level | n. principal Main level | n. superior<br />
upper level | al mismo n. at the same level | al<br />
n. de on a level with | a n. level<br />
nivelación nf leveling, aplanation<br />
nivelador,-dora adj levelling | nm or nf leveller<br />
nivelar vtr to level, survey (topographic<br />
mapping)<br />
niveles nmpl water-bearing strata<br />
niveleta nf levelling staff<br />
no alterado,-da adj unaltered<br />
no asfáltico,-ca adj nonasphaltic<br />
nobelio nm nobelium<br />
nobleza nf richness (of ore)<br />
nocerita nf fluoborite<br />
no concordancia nf nonconformity<br />
nochistle nm [Méx] chalcopyrite | [Tasco, Méx]<br />
proustite<br />
nódulo nm nodule | [Col] ore shoot | n.<br />
ferruginoso ferruginous nodule | n. ferrífero ball<br />
ironstone<br />
noduloso,-sa adj nodular
N-3<br />
no estratificado,-da adj unstratified<br />
no explorado,-da adj unexplored<br />
no explotado,-da adj unexploited, unworked<br />
no ferroso,-sa adj nonferrous<br />
no indurado,-da adj not indurated<br />
nolí nm [Col] antimony oxysulphide derived by<br />
oxidation of stibnite<br />
no metálico nm nonmetallic<br />
nomogramo nm nomograph<br />
no polar adj non-polar<br />
noque nm [Ch] large stone receptacle for<br />
calicining ores | stone through which amalgam<br />
is washed in the patio process | [Pe] canvas<br />
sack used to recover mercury from amalgam<br />
nordfieldita nf esmeraldite<br />
no renovable adj nonrenewable<br />
norfolkense adj Norfolk | nm Norfolk<br />
noria nf chain of buckets used to dewater mines<br />
| water wheel used to dewater mines<br />
noriano,-na adj Norain<br />
noriense adj Norian<br />
norilsquita nf norilskite<br />
norma nf norm | pattern<br />
normalización nf normalization<br />
normalizar vtr to normalize (math)<br />
normativo,-va adj normative<br />
norte nm north | n. de brújula compass north | n<br />
magnético magnetic north | n. verdadero true<br />
north<br />
northfieldita nf esmeraldite<br />
noseanolíto nm noseanolith<br />
nosena nf nosean, noselite<br />
Notosilopeano nm [Patagonia, Arg] a local age<br />
at the base of the Miocene<br />
novaculítico,-ca adj novaculitic<br />
novato nf worker with no experience in drilling<br />
wells, "boll weevil"<br />
nube nm cloud | n. ardiente ash flow | n. de<br />
cenizas ash cloud<br />
núcleo nm nucleus | core | [Río Tinto, Sp]<br />
nodule of copper ore | n. antiguo shield | n.<br />
atómico atomic nucleus | n. de la tierra earth's<br />
core | n. de pliegue arch core | n. del sinclinal<br />
trough core | n. mineralizado ore shoot | n.<br />
terrestre earth's core | n. testigo drill core<br />
nucleogénesis nf nucleogenesis<br />
nudo nm kink | knot of ore, etc. | junction of<br />
two mountain ranges<br />
nudoso,-sa adj knotty, bunchy<br />
nuevita nf samarskite<br />
nuevoleoniense adj Nuevoleonian<br />
numérico,-ca adj numerical<br />
número nm number | n. al azar random number<br />
| n. atómico atomic number | n. de octano octane<br />
number<br />
numulítico,-ca adj Paleogene<br />
nusco nm [Amazonas, Pe] gold-bearing iron and<br />
manganese oxide-talc-quartz ore
O-1<br />
O<br />
obdución nf obduction<br />
obispo nm [Calif] condensed oil extracted from<br />
some crude oils | [Ch] caliche with a purplish<br />
hue<br />
objectivo nm objective, objective lens<br />
oblicuo,-cua adj oblique<br />
oblongo,-ga adj oblong<br />
obra nf work, labor | piece of work | obra de<br />
desfrute workings in ore | obra muerta dead<br />
workings, workings in barren rock<br />
obrador nm workman, labororer<br />
obradora nf [Méx] rock that breaks easily (o.<br />
buena) or or with difficulty (o. mala) when<br />
worked<br />
obrajero nm foreman, overseer<br />
obrero nm worker, laborer | o. minero Mine<br />
worker | o. sondista roughneck<br />
obrizo,-za adj pure, refined<br />
obrizo nm fine gold<br />
obsecuente adj obsequent<br />
observación nf remark | observation |<br />
observaciones aparejadas paired observations<br />
observado,-da adj observed<br />
obsidiana nf obsidian | o. de pénjamo a var of<br />
obsidian highly valued by natives of México<br />
obsidianita nf obsidianite (obs tektite)<br />
obstáculo intermedio nm stable zone between<br />
mobile belts<br />
obstruido,-da adj obstructed | [Bol] blocked out<br />
(ore)<br />
obturación nf obturation, filling<br />
obtusángulo nm obtuse angle<br />
obtuso,-sa adj obtuse<br />
occidental adj occidental, of inferior quality<br />
(gems)<br />
ocelar adj ocellar<br />
ocelo nm ocellus<br />
oclusión nf occlusion, absorption<br />
ocre adj ocherous | nm ocher | o. almagro red<br />
ocher | o. amarillo (de hierro) yellow ocher,<br />
limonite | o. antimonial antimony ocher,<br />
stibconite, cervantite | o. azul blue ocher,<br />
azurite | o. colorado red ocher | o. de antimonio<br />
antimony ocher | o. de Armenia a dark red clay<br />
from Lemnos, Greece | o. de búcares an orangered<br />
ocher from Portugal | o. de cobre malachite<br />
| o. de hierro paint rock | o. de manganeso wad |<br />
o. de montaña red ocher | o. de níquel<br />
annabergite | o. de plomo cerussite | o. de<br />
tungsteno tungstite | o. marcial limonite | o.<br />
negro wad | o. plomífero massicot, litharge | o.<br />
rojo red ocher | o. tungsteno tungstite,<br />
ferrotungstite<br />
ocroíta nf cerite<br />
ocrolita nf nadorite<br />
octaédrico,-ca adj octahedral<br />
octaédrita nf octahedrite (meteorite) | anatase<br />
(mineral)<br />
octaedro nm octahedron<br />
octafilíta nf octaphyllite<br />
octano m octane<br />
oculto,-ta adj occult<br />
ochava nf two adarmes or 72 granos<br />
ochoense adj Ochoan<br />
ochran nm [Oravieza, Sp] a yellow clay<br />
oerstedio nm oersted<br />
oficalcita nf ophicalcite<br />
oficarbonato nm ophicarbonate<br />
oficina nf [Pe, Ch] nitrate works | [Méx] furnace<br />
used to retort mercury | o. de beneficio mill | o.<br />
de concentración concentrator | o. de fundición<br />
smelter<br />
ofiolita nf ophiolite<br />
ofiolítico,-ca adj ophiolitic<br />
ofita adj ophite<br />
ofítico,-ca adj ophitic<br />
ohmio nm ohm<br />
oikocrist nm oikocryst<br />
oitava nf [Méx] a weight of approximately 17.5<br />
carats<br />
ojiva nf ogive<br />
ojo nm small irregular bunch of ore | (SWUS)<br />
very small lake, pond | o. de agua spring<br />
discharging on a plain | o. de gato cat's eye, a<br />
variety of agate | o. de muerto [Cauca, Col] a<br />
porphyry with large white porphyroblasts | o.<br />
de pavo real a var marble | o. de perdiz finelycrystalline<br />
galena | o. de pescado a var of<br />
apohyllite | o. de polvillo patch of rich ore | o. de<br />
tigre tiger's eye | o. de víbora [Zacatecas, Méx]<br />
yellow sphalerite | o. termal hot spring<br />
olefina nm olefin<br />
olenekiense adj Olenkian<br />
oleoducto nm pipeline<br />
Olenense nm Potsdam<br />
Olenidense nm Potsdam<br />
oligisto nm specular hematite | o. micáceo<br />
micaceous iron ore | o. rojo hematite<br />
oligocénico,-ca adj Oligocene<br />
oligoceno,-na adj Oligocene | nm Oligocene<br />
oligoclasa nf oligoclase
O-2<br />
oligoclasita nf oligoclasite (obs, variety of<br />
diorite)<br />
oligoelemento nm trace element<br />
oligofiro nm oligophyre (obs, variety of diorite)<br />
oligomíctico,-ca adj oligomictic<br />
oligopélico,-ca adj oligopelic<br />
oligosita nf oligoclasite (obs, variety of diorite)<br />
oligotrofía nf oligotrophy<br />
oligotrófico,-ca adj oligotrophic<br />
olisoglifo nm olistoglyph<br />
olistrostroma nf olistrostrome<br />
olivina nf olivine impr<br />
olivinita nf olivinite<br />
olivino nm olivine<br />
olivinoide nm olivinoid<br />
olla nf whirlpool | [Méx] slag pot | [Sp] cirque<br />
| o. de gigante pot hole | o. de remolineo pot hole<br />
ollero nm [Méx] a worker who handles slag pots<br />
olleta nf [Antioqua, Col] pot-holes in bedrock of<br />
placers<br />
ollo de sapo nm [Sp] augengneiss<br />
ombrogénuo,-nua adj ombrogenous<br />
omfacita nf omphacite<br />
omisión nf [strat] omission<br />
onda nf wave (electromagnetic or sonic) | o.<br />
acustica acoustic wave | o. de explosión<br />
detonation wave | o. longitudinal longitudinal<br />
wave | o. parasita de superficie ground roll | o.<br />
reflejada reflected wave | o. refractada refracted<br />
wave | o. sísmica siesmic wave | o. sonora<br />
sound wave | o. superficial surface wave | o.<br />
transversal transverse wave | o. trasmisora<br />
carrier wave<br />
ondeante adj undulating<br />
óndula nf [Arg] ripple | ó descendente downslope<br />
ripple | ó incompleta star ripple<br />
ondulación nf undulation | [Sp] ripple | ripple<br />
mark | o. asimétrica asymmetric ripple mark |<br />
o. conjugada compound ripple mark | o. de cauce<br />
ripple scour | o. de interferencia cross-ripple | o.<br />
de resaca backwash ripple mark | o. linguloide<br />
cuspate or linguloid ripple mark | o. simétrica<br />
symmetric ripple mark | o. transversa<br />
transverse ripple mark<br />
ondulado,-da adj undulate, undulated<br />
ondulante adj undulating<br />
ondulita nf [Arg] ripple mark | o. asimétrica<br />
asymmetric ripple mark | o. conjugada<br />
compound ripple mark | o. de cauce ripple<br />
scour | o. de resaca backwash ripple mark | o.<br />
linguloide cuspate or linguloid ripple mark | o.<br />
simétrica symmetric ripple mark | o. transversa<br />
transverse ripple mark<br />
ónice nm onyx | ó. de Argelia calcite stalagtite or<br />
stalagmite<br />
ónique nm onyx<br />
ónix adj onyx | nm onyx | o. Méxicano alabaster<br />
onokoide nm onokoid<br />
onondagiense adj Onondagan<br />
Ontariano nm Ontarian<br />
onza nf ounce<br />
ooide nm ooid<br />
oofásmico,-ca adj oophasmic<br />
oolita nf oolite | o. férrica oolitic iron ore, minette<br />
oolítico,-ca adj oolitic<br />
oolitización nf oolithization<br />
oolito nm oolith<br />
oolitoide nm oolitoid<br />
ooloide nm ooloid<br />
oovoide nm oovoid<br />
opacidad nf opacity<br />
opacita nf opacite<br />
opaco,-ca adj opaque<br />
opalado,-da adj opalized<br />
opalescencia nf opalescence<br />
opalescente adj opalescent<br />
opalino,-na adj opalescent, opal, opaline | nf<br />
opaline<br />
opalizado,-da adj opalized<br />
ópalo nm opal | ó. común common opal | ó. de<br />
fuego fire opal | ó. de madera wood opal | ó.<br />
dorado fire opal | ó. fino fine opal | ó. jaspeado<br />
jaspopal | ó. lechoso milk opal<br />
operario nm working miner<br />
operación nf operation<br />
operacional adj [strat] operational<br />
operador,-dora nm/f operator<br />
opisometro nm opisometer<br />
opoca nf Opoka<br />
optálico,-ca adj optalic, caustic<br />
óptica nf optics | ó critalográfica optical<br />
crystallography<br />
óptico,-ca adj optic, optical<br />
optimación nf optimization | o. en la recuperación<br />
de petróleo enhanced oil recovery<br />
opuesto,-ta adj opposite<br />
oquedad nf pore, cavity, vug | channel of<br />
communication between orebodies<br />
orbiculo nm orbicule<br />
órbita nf orbit<br />
orden nm order | o. de cristalización order of<br />
crystallization<br />
ordenación nf [Sp] data processing
O-3<br />
Ordenanzas de Minería nfpl mining laws<br />
introduced to México in 1784 and remaining<br />
in effect until the código de minas of 1884<br />
Ordenanzas de Nueva España nfpl mining laws<br />
in force in Perú from 1786 to 1900<br />
Ordenanzas del Nuevo Cuaderno nfpl mining<br />
law established by King Phillip II of Spain<br />
ordoñezita nf ordonezite<br />
Ordovicense nm Ordovician<br />
ordoviciano,-na adj Ordovician<br />
ordovícico,-ca adj Ordovician | nm Ordovician<br />
orelliense adj Orellan<br />
orfeíta nf orpheite<br />
organal nm [Col] gold-bearing gravels<br />
intercalated with boulders and cobbles<br />
rendering exploitation difficult<br />
orgánico,-ca adj organic<br />
organigrama nm chart<br />
organógeno,-na adj organogenic<br />
organometálico,-ca adj organometallic<br />
organosedimentario,-ria adj organosedimentary<br />
orientación nf direction | orientation | o.<br />
preferencial preferred orientation<br />
oriental adj oriental, genuine (gems)<br />
orientación nf orientation<br />
orientado,-da adj oriented<br />
orientar vtr to orient<br />
oriente nm orient (gems)<br />
orificio nm opening<br />
orilla nf river bank | shore (sea or lake) | edge,<br />
side | selvage | rim | o. cóncava concave bank<br />
| o. convexa convex bank | o. de arcilla or de<br />
barro clay selvage | o. de deslizamiento landslide<br />
scar or terrace<br />
orillo nm selvage<br />
orín nm rust<br />
oriskaniense adj Oriskanian<br />
orito nm [Col] color, traces of gold found in a<br />
gold pan<br />
orizita nf epistilbite<br />
orla nf border, fringe | o. continental continental<br />
borderland | o. freática capillary fringe<br />
oro nm gold | o. argental copper-bearing<br />
electrum | o. bajo gold ore of low grade | o.<br />
batito beaten gold | o. blanco white gold | o.<br />
blanco de Colombia amalgam | o. bruto gold<br />
bullion | o. corrido [Ch] placer gold | o. crespo<br />
[Col] distal placer gold | o. cristalizado natural<br />
crystal of gold | o. de aluvión placer gold | o. de<br />
barranca [Col] gold from the cerros of Santa Rosa<br />
| o. de escama [Col] spangle gold | o. de espuma<br />
[Col] float gold | o. de gato (de los gatos) biotite<br />
with a gold-like or metallic color, fool's gold |<br />
o. de lavadero gold that can be panned or<br />
washed | o. de ley fine gold | o. de molino gold<br />
obtained in trunking | o. de monte [Col] gold<br />
from the mines of Angostura, Antioquia (distal<br />
placer gold deposits) | o. de Nagyag nagyagite |<br />
o. de recogida [Col] a lot of gold obtained from<br />
several mines | o. de veta vein gold | o.<br />
empolvado gold dust | o. en barras gold bullion |<br />
o. en hojas gold leaf | o. en panes gold leaf | o. en<br />
pasta gold bullion | o. en polvo gold dust | o.<br />
filoniano vein gold | o. fino [Col] distal placer<br />
gold | o. greda [Vz] placer gold | o. guañín gold<br />
under legal standard | o. libre free gold | o.<br />
mate unpolished gold | o. molido a mano gold<br />
obtained by hand grinding | o. moscorrofio [Col]<br />
wire gold found in placers | o. nativo native<br />
gold | o. negro [Vz] gold covered by iron oxide<br />
and organic matter which will not amalgamate<br />
| o. niño [Col] float gold | o. paradójico native<br />
tellurium | o. puro fine gold | o. refinado refined<br />
gold | o. verde gold of a greenish color | o.<br />
virgen gold bullion<br />
oroclino nm orocline<br />
orocrático,-ca adj orocratic<br />
oroche nm [Méx] bullion containing both gold<br />
and silver | o. natural electrum<br />
orogen nm orogenic belt<br />
orogénesis nm mountain building, orogenesis,<br />
orogeny<br />
orogenético,-ca adj orogenetic<br />
orogenia nf mountain building, orogenesis,<br />
orogeny<br />
orogénico,-ca adj orogenic<br />
orógeno nm orogenic belt, orogen<br />
orogeosinclinal nm orogeosyncline<br />
orografía nf orography<br />
orográfico,-ca adj orographic<br />
orometría nf orometry<br />
oropimente nm orpiment<br />
oropión nf a soft, brown or reddish black clay<br />
oroseíta nf iddingsite<br />
ortita nf orthite, allanite<br />
ortoanfíbol nm orthoamphibole<br />
ortoandesita nf orthoandesite (obs,<br />
orthopyroxene andesite)<br />
ortobituminoso,-sa adj orthobituminous<br />
ortobromita nf embolite<br />
ortocaliza nf ortholimestone<br />
ortoclasa nf orthoclase<br />
ortoclasita nf orthoclasite (obs, granite, syenite)<br />
ortoclino nf orthocline
O-4<br />
ortoclorita nf orthoclorite<br />
ortoconglomerado nm orthoconglomerate<br />
ortocronología nf orthocronology<br />
ortocrísotil nm orthchrysotile<br />
ortocuarcita nf orthoquartzite<br />
ortocuarcítico,-ca adj orthoquartzitic<br />
ortodolomía nf orthodolostone<br />
orto-eje nm orthoaxis<br />
ortoesquisto nm orthoschist<br />
ortoestratigrafía nf orthostratigraphy<br />
ortofelsita nf orthophyre<br />
ortofírico,-ca adj orthophyric<br />
ortófiro nm orthophyre (obs)<br />
ortogeosinclinal nm orthogeosyncline<br />
ortogneis nm orthogneiss<br />
ortogonal adj orthagonal<br />
ortográfico,-ca adj orthographic<br />
ortogranito nm kaligranite<br />
ortohídrico,-ca adj orthohydrous<br />
ortolignítico,-ca adj ortholigneous<br />
ortomagmático,-ca adj orthomagmatic<br />
ortomarmól nm orthomarble<br />
ortomatriz nf orthomatrix<br />
ortométrico,-ca adj orthometric<br />
ortomímico,-ca adj orthomimic<br />
ortomórfico,-ca adj orthomorphic, conformal<br />
ortomorfismo nf orthomorphism, conformality<br />
ortoneis nf orthogneiss<br />
ortopiroxenita nf orthopyroxenite<br />
ortopiroxeno nm orthopyroxene<br />
ortorroca nf orthorock<br />
ortorrómbico,-ca adj orthorhombic<br />
ortosa nf orthoclase | o. descompuesta kaolinized<br />
orthoclase | o. sódica sanidine<br />
ortosilicato nm orthosilicate<br />
ortosita nf orthosite<br />
ortotéctico,-ca adj magmatic<br />
ortotectonismo nm orthotectonics, alpinotype<br />
tectonics<br />
oruga nf bulldozer, caterpillar tractor, "cat"<br />
oscilación nf oscillation<br />
oscilar vtr to oscillate<br />
osificación nf ossification<br />
osificar vtr to ossify<br />
osificarse vpr to become ossified<br />
osipita nf ossipite (obs, var of troctolite)<br />
osmio nm osmium<br />
osmiridio nm osmiridium<br />
ostrácodo nm ostracod<br />
otajanita nf ottajanite (obs, leucite trachybasalt)<br />
oulofolita nf oulofolite, cave flower<br />
ovillo nm skein | en forma de o. tangle-shaped,<br />
tangled-up<br />
ovoide adj ovoid, oviform, egg-shaped<br />
ovoideo,-da adj ovoid, oviform, egg-shaped<br />
oviforme adj oviform, ovoid, egg-shaped<br />
oxalita nf humboldtine<br />
oxamita nf oxammite<br />
oxfordiano,-na adj Oxfordian<br />
oxfordense adj Oxfordian | nm Oxfordian<br />
oxibasiofítico,-ca adj oxybasiophitic<br />
oxicloruro nm oxychloride | o. de cobre<br />
atacamite<br />
oxidación nf oxidation, oxidizing<br />
oxidadante adj oxidizing<br />
oxidar vtr to oxidize<br />
oxidato nm oxidate<br />
oxidita nf oxidite, shale-ball<br />
óxido nm oxide | ó. cúprico tenorite | ó. de calcio<br />
quicklime | ó. de cinc calamine, zincite | ó. de<br />
circonio baddeleyite | ó. de cobre cuprite,<br />
tenorite | ó. de estaño cassiterite | ó de hierro<br />
iron oxide | ó .de manganeso manganese oxide,<br />
pyrolusite | ó. de mercurio hydrargyrite | ó. de<br />
paladio paladite | ó. de titano titanium dioxide |<br />
ó. de urano uraninite | ó. de zinc zinc oxide | ó.<br />
férrico ferric oxide | ó. hidratado hydrated oxide<br />
| ó. rojo de cinc zincite<br />
oxigenado,-da adj oxygenated<br />
oxígeno nm oxygen<br />
oxihornblenda nf oxyhornblende, basaltic<br />
hornblende<br />
oximagnita nf oxymagnite, maghemite<br />
oximesostasis nf oxymesostasis<br />
oxiofítico,-ca adj oxyophitic<br />
oxisfera nf oxisphere<br />
oxoferrita nf oxoferrite<br />
Ozarkense nm Ozarkian (obs)<br />
ozoquerita nf ozocerite, native parrafin
P-1<br />
P<br />
pabellón nm pavilion (of a precious stone)<br />
paco nm [Bol, Pe] gossan, oxidized or partly<br />
oxidized ore of a reddish color | [Ch] silver<br />
chloride ore<br />
pacoso,-sa adj [Pe] oxidized, gossany<br />
pack nm pack ice<br />
pachamanca nf [Pe] a small reverboratory<br />
furnace<br />
pachapampa nf [Pe] ore cobbed from waste<br />
pachas nfpl [Pe] gypsum<br />
padrastal nm sterile vein cutting a mineralized<br />
vein<br />
padre del sal nm crystalline selenite<br />
padrón nm register of a denounced (filed) claim<br />
pago nm payment | p en producción production<br />
payment loan<br />
paigeita nf vonsenite<br />
paila nf large pan | p. de amalgamación<br />
amalgamating pan<br />
país nm country | p. bajo flatland | p. marginal<br />
borderland<br />
paisaje nm landscape<br />
paja quemada nf [Potosí, Bol] plumosite which<br />
resembles burnt straw<br />
pájaro minero nm [Vz] a species of bird which<br />
was thought to be a sure indicator of placer<br />
gold<br />
pajuela nf ore that glitters | pajuela de oro grains<br />
of gold<br />
pala nf shovel | [Méx] treading of torta by foot<br />
in the patio process of amalgamation of silver<br />
ores | p. de turbero peat cutter<br />
palacra or palacrana nf nugget of native gold |<br />
gold ingot<br />
paladio nm palladium<br />
paladioarseniuro nm palladioarsenide<br />
paladiobismutoarseniuro nm<br />
palladiobismutharsenide<br />
palagonización nf palagonization<br />
palaita nf hureaulite<br />
palasita nf pallasite<br />
palasomo nm palasome<br />
palatiense adj Palatinian, Pfalzian<br />
paleador nm shoveller<br />
paleaduro nm shovelling<br />
paleaje nm shovelling<br />
palear vtr to shovel<br />
paleoacuífero nm paleoaquifer<br />
paleoambiente nm paleoenvironment<br />
paleoautoctono nm paleoautochthon<br />
paleobatimétrico,-ca adj paleobathymetric<br />
paleobotánica nf paleobotany<br />
paleocanal nm paleochannel<br />
paleocarst nm paleokarst<br />
paleocénico,-ca adj Paleocene<br />
paleoceno,-na adj Paleocene | nm Paleocene<br />
paleoclima nm paleoclimate<br />
paleoclimático,-ca adj paleoclimatic<br />
paleoclimatolóico,-ca adj paleoclimatologic<br />
paleoclimatología nf paleoclimatology<br />
paleodrenaje nm paleodrainage<br />
paleoecuador nm paleoequator<br />
paleofiro nm paleophyre (obs, andesite)<br />
paleofítico,-ca adj paleophytological<br />
paleofitología nf paleophytology<br />
paleógeno,-na adj Paleogene | nm Paleogene<br />
paleogeografía adj paleogeography<br />
paleogeográfico,-ca adj paleogeographic<br />
paleogeológico,-ca adj paleogeologic<br />
paleogeomorfología nf paleogeomorphology<br />
paleohidrología nf paleohydrology<br />
paleolatitudino nm paleolatitude<br />
paleolimnología nf paleolimnology<br />
paleolitológico,-ca adj paleolithologic<br />
paleomagnético,-ca adj paleomagnetic<br />
paleomagnetismo nm paleomagnetism<br />
paleorelieve nm paleorelief<br />
paleontología nf paleontology<br />
paleontológico,-ca adj paleontological<br />
paleontólogo,-ga nm and nf paleontologist<br />
paleosalinidad nf paleosalinity<br />
paleosol nm paleosol | hard ground<br />
paleotectónico,-ca adj paleotectonic<br />
paleotermal adj paleothermal<br />
paleotermometría nf paleothermometry<br />
paleotopofrafía nf paleotopography<br />
paleoviento nm paleowind<br />
paleovolcánico,-ca adj paleovolcanic, pre-<br />
Tertiary<br />
paleovulcanología nf paleovolcanology<br />
paleozoico,-ca adj Paleozoic | nm Paleozoic<br />
palero nm shoveller<br />
paleta nf small shovel | [Alicante, Sp] tool for<br />
breaking up and lifting thin layers of<br />
precipitated salt<br />
paletapa nf palstage<br />
palevento nm palevent<br />
paligorskita nf palygorskite<br />
palingénico,-ca adj palingenic<br />
palingénisis nf palingenesis<br />
palinología nf paynology
P-2<br />
palinspático,-ca adj palinspastic<br />
palita nf pallite, ferrian millesite<br />
palmo nm one quarter of a vara<br />
palse nm pingo<br />
palustre adj swampy<br />
palla nf a fixed amount of ore to be carried out<br />
of a mine by an apiri during a workshift | [Bol,<br />
Pe] hand sorted ore, hand sorting<br />
pallaco nm [Bol, Pe] a piece of ore found in<br />
tailings or waste heaps | tailings<br />
pallador nm [Bol, Pe] ore sorter<br />
pallaquear or pallar vtr to sort or pick pallacos<br />
from waste dumps | [Bol, Pe] to hand sort ore<br />
pallaqueo nm [Bol, Pe] hand-sorting of ore<br />
palliri nm a worker employed to sort ore<br />
(usually a woman)<br />
pallón nm assay button<br />
pampa nf pampa, a grassy plain<br />
panabás or panabasa nf [Pe] tetrahedrite,<br />
tennantite<br />
panal de rosa nm [Amazonas, Pe] gold-bearing<br />
quartz occuring in a stockwork (this ore was of<br />
less value than nusco as it was more difficult to<br />
extract and crush)<br />
pandermita nf priceite<br />
panetita nf panethite<br />
panidiomorfo,-fa adj idiomorphic<br />
panidiomorfo-granular adj idiomorphic<br />
panino nm [Méx] country rock (classified by<br />
miners according to strength: p muy blando rock<br />
easy to work but too soft to be timbered; p.<br />
blando soft rock that can and must be timbered;<br />
p. favorable ordinary ground worked by drilling<br />
and blasting; p. macizo and p. muy pacizo rock<br />
difficult or very difficult to work) | p. cenizo<br />
[Guadalcázar, Méx] clay stringers and pipes<br />
resembling moist bone ash closely associated<br />
with mercury mineralization<br />
paniso or panizo nm [Bol, Pe] altered rock,<br />
gangue, gouge | [Hualgáyoc, Pe] feldspathic<br />
gangue | [Pataz, Pe] argillized feldspar rich<br />
rock associated with gold ore | [Ch, Pe]<br />
trachytic country rock | p. ahuesado, ahumado or<br />
verde [Chañarcillo, Pe] diabase sills intruding<br />
limestone<br />
pannoniense adj Pannonian<br />
pantalla nf [Bol] dike<br />
pantano nm swamp, marsh | depression where<br />
water collects<br />
pantanoso,-sa adj swampy<br />
papa nm nugget of native gold | nodule of any<br />
mineral | [Arg] nodule of ulexite found in<br />
saline marshes<br />
paquete nm complex, series | p. de estratos<br />
sedimentary complex | p. de mantos series of<br />
overthrust sheets<br />
parabituminoso,-sa adj parabituminous<br />
paracelsiano nm Paracelsian<br />
paraclasa nf fault<br />
paraconcordancia nf paraconformity<br />
paraconcordente adj paraconformable<br />
paracrisotil nf parachrysotile<br />
paracronología nf parachronology<br />
parada nf [Méx] work gang or crew, pare | p. a<br />
la carga crew paid by the load | p. de busca crew<br />
paid by proportion of ore worked | p. de fuelles<br />
small furnace for smelting siver ores | p. de<br />
hacienda or de obra crew paid by the day worked<br />
| p. rayada crew paid by eight hour shiftr<br />
worked<br />
paradiagenético,-ca adj paradiagenetic<br />
paradiscordancia nf paraunconformity<br />
paraestratigrafía nf parastratigraphy<br />
paraestratigráfico,-ca adj parastratigraphic<br />
parafina nf paraffin<br />
parafínico,-ca adj paraffinic<br />
paragenético,-ca adj paragenetic<br />
parageosinclinal nm parageosyncline<br />
paragneis nm paragneiss<br />
paragón nm paragon (variety of diamond)<br />
paralelo,-la adj parallel | nm parallel | gallery<br />
driven paralel to a main gallery<br />
paraliageosinclinal nm paraliageosyncline<br />
parálico,-ca adj paralic, marginal<br />
paralóctono nm parallochthon<br />
paramagnético,-ca adj paramagnetic<br />
paramagnetismo nm paramagnetism<br />
paramento nm face of hewn stone<br />
paramera nf desert | altiplano<br />
paramétrico,-ca adj parametric<br />
parámetro nm parameter<br />
paramilla nf [Ch] low range of mountains<br />
páramo nm altiplano<br />
paramorfismo nm paramorphism<br />
paramorfo nm paramorph<br />
paraóndula nf para-ripple<br />
pararizadura nf para-ripple<br />
parasítico,-ca adj parasitic<br />
paratectónico,-ca adj paratectonic | nm<br />
paratectonics, Germanotype tectonics<br />
paratelurita nf paratellurite<br />
paratipo nm paratype
P-3<br />
parautóctono,-na adj parautochthonous | nm<br />
parautochthon<br />
paravan nm paravane<br />
paravolastonita nf parawollastonite<br />
parcionero nm [Méx] partner in a mining<br />
venture<br />
parche nm patch of rock<br />
parchetita nf parchettite (obs, leucite<br />
trachyandesite)<br />
pardo,-da adj earth-colored, brown, grey<br />
pardo nm the color of earth | [Mex] oxidized ore<br />
| p blanquizo silver grey<br />
pardusco,-ca adj earth-colorish, brownish,<br />
greyish<br />
pared nf wall | side or wall of a vein<br />
paria nf [Pe] cinnabar<br />
pariente adj allied<br />
parogenético,-ca adj parogenetic<br />
paroxismo nm paroxysm<br />
paroxisimo,-ma adj paroxysmal<br />
parragón nm standard silver for assayers<br />
parranthina nf scapolite<br />
parte nf part, share | p. bien mineralizada pay<br />
shoot | p. del propietario landowner royalty<br />
participación nf share, interest | p. del<br />
concesionario working interest<br />
partícula nf particle | p. alfa alfa particle | p. beta<br />
beta particle | p. gamma gamma particle | p.<br />
libre free particle<br />
partidano nm [Cartagena, Sp] miner who works<br />
iron ore to a shallow depth only<br />
partido nm [Méx] division of ores between<br />
owners, investors, workers, etc | portion of ore<br />
paid by miners to owners or by owners to<br />
miners<br />
partidor nm ore sorter<br />
partridgeita nf bixbyite<br />
parva nf charge or mixture for a smelter<br />
parvero nm persons who mix charges for a<br />
smelting furnace<br />
pasadeniense adj Pasadenian<br />
paseo de tierras nm transport on the backs of<br />
laborers<br />
pasivo,-va adj passive<br />
paso nm pass | any underground passage, drift<br />
or gallery | linear measure equivalent to two<br />
footsteps | p. real main gallery<br />
pasta nf paste | matrix, groundmass | [Bol]<br />
refractory ore | [Méx] silver ores of less than<br />
high grade | [Ozamatlan, Méx] argentite |<br />
[Guerrero, Méx, Ch] silver-rich tetrahedrite |<br />
[Zacualpan, Méx] silver-bearing pyrite |<br />
[Sinaloa, Méx] coating of ore on a rock | [Méx]<br />
amalgam of gold and silver | p. china silver<br />
ores in rounded pieces | p. morada silver ores<br />
purplish in color | p. mantecosa silver ores lead<br />
gray in color, considered to be of inferior<br />
quality | p. negra black silver ores considered to<br />
be of better quality | p. mixta silver bullion | p.<br />
vitrea glass<br />
pastoso nm [Asientos, Méx] high grade copper<br />
ore<br />
pata de perro nf dog leg, deviation of a well<br />
patente nf [Bol, Ch] an annual tax on mines<br />
figured as a fixed rate per hectare or claim<br />
paternoita nf kaliborite<br />
patrón nm pattern, framework, as in el patrón<br />
estructural 'the structural pattern' | template<br />
pátina nf patina | p. del tiempo weathering | p<br />
desértica desert varnish<br />
patinación nf patination<br />
patio nm yard, court or floor used in the process<br />
of beneficio de patio, a cold heap amalgamation<br />
method for extracting silver from ores invented<br />
by Bartolomé de Medina at Pachuca, México in<br />
1557 and introduced into Perú in 1574 | p. de<br />
amalgamation amalgamation floor<br />
paurocristalino,-na adj paurocrystalline<br />
pavonado,-da adj dark blue | blued, bronzed<br />
pavonado nm [Pe] tetrahedrite, (sometimes used<br />
for tennanite, jamesonite, enargite, bournonite<br />
and other sulfarsenides and sulfantimonides of<br />
lead) | deeper, unoxidized silver ores, below<br />
the bronces, consisting of silver sulphides and<br />
sulphoantimonates | p. fino malinowskite<br />
pechblenda nf pitchblende<br />
pecho de paloma nm [Chacas, Pe] iron staining<br />
on the surface of coal seams<br />
pedernal nm flint | chert | [Pe] silver ore<br />
consisting of iron oxide bearing quartzose<br />
sands<br />
pedimentación nf pedimentation<br />
pedimento,-ta adj pediment | nm pediment<br />
pedragal nm gravel bet | stony ground | quarry<br />
pedregón nm[Ch] boulder<br />
pedregoso,-sa adj stony, rocky<br />
pedregullo nm gravel | p. de ladera [Arg] talus<br />
pedrejal nm quarry<br />
pedrera nf quarry<br />
pedrería nf precious stones<br />
pedrero nm stone cutter | [Ch] stony ground<br />
pedriscal nm stony or rocky ground<br />
pedrizo,-za adj stony, rocky | nf stony or rocky<br />
ground | gravel bed | quarry
P-4<br />
pedrosita nf hornblendite<br />
pedrusco nm rough stone, boulder | [Méx]<br />
cobble<br />
pegadura nf dirt, mud, smudge, etc., found on<br />
the walls of old mines<br />
pegmatita nf pegmatite<br />
pegmatítico,-ca adj pegmatitic<br />
pegmatitización nf pegmatitization<br />
pegmatoide nm pegmatoid<br />
pegmatofírico,-ca adj granophyric<br />
pegmatofiro nm granophyre<br />
pegmatolita nf orthoclase<br />
peladilla nf small quartz pebble<br />
pelágico,-ca adj pelagic<br />
peleano,-na adj Peelean<br />
pelítico,-ca adj pelitic<br />
pelitomórfico,-ca adj pelitomorphic<br />
pelo nm opaque streak that mars gemstones | p.<br />
de venado [Chacas, Pe] stibnite in fine needles<br />
pelodita nf pellodite, pelodite<br />
peloide nm peloid<br />
pelolítico,-ca adj argillaceous<br />
peltre nm spelter<br />
pella nf mass of native metal | amalgam<br />
produced by the patio process of amalgamating<br />
silver ore, well washed, squeezed and pressed<br />
into sugarloaf-shaped mounds | p. fecal fecal<br />
pellet | p. natural native amalgam<br />
pendiente nm slope, declivity | grade, gradient<br />
| hanging wall, roof | pendant | p continental<br />
continental shelf<br />
pendulo nm plum bob<br />
peneconcordante adj peneconcordant<br />
penecontemporáneo,-nea adj<br />
penecontemporaneous<br />
peneplanización nf peneplanation<br />
penecontemporáneo,-nea adj<br />
penecontemporaneos<br />
peneplanación nf peneplanation<br />
peneplanicie nf peneplain<br />
penesalino,-na adj penesaline<br />
penillanura nf peneplain<br />
peniplanicie nf peneplain<br />
peniplano nm peneplain<br />
pennina nf penninite<br />
penokeiense adj Penokean<br />
pensylviano,-na adj Pennsylvanian | nm<br />
Pennsylvanian<br />
pensilvánico,-ca adj Pennsylvanian | nm<br />
Pennsylvanian<br />
pentahidrita nf pentahydrite, allenite<br />
pentahidroborita nf pentahydroborite<br />
pentano nm pentane<br />
penutiense adj Penutian<br />
peña nm boulder, rock | [Col] bed rock beneath<br />
a placer | [Col] country rock | p. desprendida<br />
boulder | p. viva stone not yet quarried | p.<br />
hervida, caladora or picadora [Col] fissured<br />
bedrock in which placer gold has accumulated<br />
| p. mora [Col] red granite bedrock to a placer<br />
| p. subida [Col] soft bedrock to a placer | p.<br />
falsa [Col] fragments of bedrock which, when<br />
encountered in a placer, give the appearance of<br />
having reached actual bedrock | p. sarabiada<br />
[Col] gneiss | p. bobo [Col] shaley country rock<br />
in which veins are barren<br />
peñascal nm rocky ground<br />
peñasco nm large rock, boulder, crag | klippe |<br />
escarpment<br />
peñascoso,-sa adj rocky, craggy<br />
peñol nm large rock<br />
peñón nm large rock | [Huelva, Sp] iron oxide<br />
bearing jasperoid found in manganese deposits<br />
peón nm common laborer | bull gang | p. de<br />
cuadrilla roustabout | p. suelto roustabout<br />
peonaje nm work gang | work force (of a mine,<br />
etc.)<br />
pepa nf [Ch] nugget<br />
pepena nf [Méx] hand cobbed ores | rich or<br />
smelting ore | silver-bearing galena ore | ore<br />
which mine laborers were permitted to extract<br />
for their own benefit | [Huitzuco, Méx] high<br />
grade mercury ore, 10 to 12% mercury | medio<br />
p. medium grade ore<br />
pepenado,-da adj [Méx] hand cobbed<br />
pepenador,-dora nm/f cobber, ore sorter<br />
pepenar vtr [Méx] to hand sort ore<br />
peperita nf volcanic sand<br />
pepino nm karst tower<br />
pepita nf nugget<br />
peracidita nf silexite<br />
peralcalino,-na adj peralkaline<br />
peraluminoso,-sa adj peraluminous<br />
perbituminoso,-sa adj perbituminous<br />
percolación nf percolation<br />
percolar vtr to percolate<br />
percristalino,-na adj percrystalline<br />
perderse vpr to become lost, pinch out, as for a<br />
vein, seam or bed<br />
pérdida nf loss, generally from treatment of ores<br />
| p. de lodo mud losses | p. por absorción<br />
absorption loss<br />
perdido,-da adj lost<br />
perdigón nm iron pellet
P-5<br />
perenne adj perennial<br />
perfeccionar vtr to follow up, rexamine<br />
perfil nm cross-section, side-view | profile | log<br />
| p. de estratos strata profile | p. de equilibrio<br />
graded profile | p. de perforación drill log, well<br />
log | p. de pozo well log | p. de suelo soil profile<br />
| p. edáfico soil profile | p. elétrico electric log |<br />
p. estratigráfico columnar section | p.<br />
gravimétrico gravity profile | p. longitudinal<br />
longitudinal profile | p. litológico lithologic<br />
section | p. según muestras sample profile | p.<br />
transversal transverse profile<br />
perfiladora nf grader<br />
perfilaje nm logging | p. de activación activation<br />
logging | p. de pozo well-logging<br />
perforabilidad nf drillability<br />
perforación nf drill or bore hole | perforation |<br />
p ancha large hole | p. a núcleos core drilling | p<br />
a percusión percussion drilling | p con cable<br />
cable drilling | p con diamante diamond drilling<br />
| p dirigida directional drilling | p con extracción<br />
de testigos core drilling | p. de disparo shot hole<br />
| p de exploración exploration drilling | p.<br />
desviada deflected well | p. inicial spudding in |<br />
p. por gas gas drilling | p. por percusión<br />
percussion drilling | p. por rotación rotary<br />
drilling | p. reducida slim hole | p. rotativa<br />
rotary drilling | p. térmica jet piercing<br />
perforado nm boring, drilling | perforation<br />
perforador,-dora adj boring, drilling | nf borer,<br />
driller, drilling machine | p. a percusión<br />
percussion drill | p. con diamantes diamond<br />
drill | p. de diamantes diamond drill | p. de<br />
percusión percussion drill | p. rotativa rotary<br />
drill | nm driller (person)<br />
perforante adj drilling, boring<br />
perforar vtr to drill or bore<br />
perhialina nf perhyaline<br />
periclasa nf periclase<br />
periclinal adj periclinal, pericline | nm pericline<br />
peridoto nm peridot, olivine<br />
periférico,-ca adj peripheral<br />
perigénico,-ca adj perigenic<br />
perímetro nm perimeter | p. de influencia area or<br />
circle of influence<br />
período nm period | p. de amprtización pay back<br />
period | p. de glaciación glacial period | p.<br />
geocrático geocratic period<br />
peripedimento nm peripediment<br />
peritéctico,-ca adj peritectic, reaction<br />
perito nm expert | appraiser | skilled worker<br />
perknita nf ultramafic rock, ultramafite<br />
perla espata nf pearl spar<br />
perlado,-da adj pearly<br />
perliforme adj bead-like<br />
perlítico,-ca adj perlitic<br />
perlofita nf perloffite<br />
permeabilidad nf permeability<br />
permeable adj permeable<br />
permeación nf permeation<br />
permeametro nm permeameter<br />
permiano,-na adj Permian | nm Permian<br />
pérmico,-ca adj Permian | nm Permian<br />
permineralización nf permineralization<br />
permiso nm license | lease | p. de cateo<br />
exploration license | p. marginal edge lease<br />
permutación nf permutation<br />
perofskita, perovskita, perowskita adj<br />
perovskite<br />
pertenencia nf mining claim<br />
pértiga nf rod (measure of length)<br />
pertita nf perthite<br />
pertítico,-ca adj perthitic<br />
pertitoide adj perthitoid<br />
pertosita nf perthosite (obs, syenite)<br />
perturbación nf perturbation | dislocation | p.<br />
de una veta disruption of a vein or lode | p.<br />
tectónica tectonic disturbance<br />
perturbado,-da adj disturbed<br />
pesado,-da adj heavy | of high specific gravity<br />
peso nm weight | silver coin of about 25 grams<br />
| [Almadén, Sp] a weight of 20 arrobas | p.<br />
atómico atomic weight | p. bruto gross weight |<br />
p. de oro coin equivalent to two (silver) pesos | p.<br />
de oro común a peso of 8 reales| p. espicífico<br />
specific gravity | p. neto net weight<br />
petlanque nm [Méx] argentite, usually,<br />
pyargyrite in places | any high-grade silver ore<br />
| p. acerado polybasite | p. colorado, encarnado or<br />
rojo proustite | p. oscuro pyrargyrite | p. negro<br />
argentite<br />
pétreo,-rea adj stone, of stone | stony | rocky,<br />
stone-like, petrous<br />
petrificación nf petrification<br />
petrificado,-da adj petrified<br />
petrificar vtr to petrify<br />
petrificarse vpr to petrify<br />
petrífico,-ca adj petriferous<br />
petroclástico,-ca adj detrital<br />
petrofábrico,-ca adj fabric | nm fabric,<br />
petrofabric<br />
petrofísica nf petrophysics<br />
petrogénesis nf petrogenesis<br />
petrogenético,-ca adj petrogenetic
P-6<br />
petrogenia nf petrogenesis<br />
petrografía nf petrography<br />
petrográfico,-ca adj petrographic<br />
petrógrafo,-fa nm and f petrographer<br />
petroleno nm petrolene<br />
petróleo nm petroleum | p. bisulfuro disulfide oil<br />
| p. (en) bruto or crudo crude oil | p. clandestino<br />
"hot oil" produced above allowables | p. de base<br />
asfáltica asphalt-base crude oil | p. de<br />
contrabando contraband oil | p. del propietario<br />
landowner's oil || p. humedo wet oil | p.<br />
lampante parrafin oil, kerosene | p. ligero light<br />
oil, straw oil | p. muerto dead oil | p. petratado<br />
pretreated crude oil | p. pobre lean oil | p.<br />
sintetico synthetic oil | p. sulfuroso sour crude<br />
oil | p. verde green oil<br />
petrolero,-ra adj oil, petroleum | oil-bearing |<br />
nm tanker<br />
petrolífero,-ra adj petroliferous, oil-bearing<br />
petrología nf petrology<br />
petrológico,-ca adj petrological<br />
petrológo,-ga nm and f petrologist<br />
petromorfo nm petromorph<br />
petroquímica nf petrochemistry<br />
petroquímico,-ca adj petrochemical<br />
petrosilex nm flint | amausite | hornstone<br />
pez nf tar, pitch | [Sp] isolated lens of coal | p.<br />
mineral asphalt<br />
pfalziense adj Pfalzian<br />
piacentino,-na adj Piacenzian<br />
piamonte nm piedmont<br />
piamontita nf piedmontite<br />
pica nf pick<br />
picacho nm pointed peak or summit<br />
picada nf survey line<br />
picado nm [Pe] surface outcropping of a vein<br />
picador nm miner who works with a pick or<br />
hammer and gad | [Sierra Almagrera, Sp] oresorter<br />
picapedrero nm stonecutter<br />
picaporro nm pick<br />
picar vtr/intr to cut stone | to hew, work with a<br />
pick or hammer and gad | p. un hilo [Col] to<br />
uncover a known vein<br />
picnita nf pycnite (var of topaz)<br />
pico nm peak | pickaxe | miner's pick | [Méx]<br />
sledge hammer | a pico vertically<br />
picón de cantera nm quarry pick<br />
picota nf peak of a mountain<br />
picrítico,-ca adj picritic<br />
picrocromita nf picrochromite,<br />
magnesiochromite<br />
picrofarmacolita nf picropharmacolite<br />
picurita nf pitch coal<br />
pie nm foot (measure of length) | foot or base of<br />
a mountain | p. de cabra claw-end crowbar<br />
piedra nf rock, stone | mineral | p. acanterada<br />
[Durango, Méx] rhyolite | p. (de) alumbre<br />
alunite | p. aprieta [Méx] limestone | p. arcillosa<br />
claystone | p. arenisca sandstone | p. arenosa<br />
sandstone | p. (de) azufre rock sulphur | p. azul<br />
bluestone, chalcanthite | [Méx] blue limestone<br />
| [Vz] mineralized diorite wall rock to gold<br />
veins | p. berroqueña granite | p. blanca<br />
granulite | p. bruta [Méx] country rock, barren<br />
rock | p. cachumba [Cu] native calcium sulfate |<br />
p. calamina calamine | p. calárea limestone | p.<br />
caliza limestone | p. canela hessonite | p. capilar<br />
var of quartz | p. ciega any hard, opaque<br />
semiprecious stone | p. conglomerada<br />
conglomerate | p. conglutinada breccia | p.<br />
córnea hornstone, jasper | p. de acarreo erratic<br />
block or boulder | p. de arena [Col] sandstone |<br />
p. de barilla [Tamaulipas, Méx] limestone with<br />
clay partings | p. de berroqueña coarse grained<br />
granite | p. de cal or de caliza chalk, limestone |<br />
p. de campana phonolite | p. de candela flint | p.<br />
de canelo grossularite | p. de cantería [Méx, Sp]<br />
granite | p. de canto dressed stone | p. de cinc<br />
cassiterite | p. de cruz staurolite | p. de chispa<br />
flint | p. de churumbela [Col] decomposed felsite<br />
wall-rock to veins | p. de escopeta flint | p. de<br />
frijól [Guanajuato, Méx] red conglomerate | p.<br />
de fuego firestone | p. de grano [Méx] granite | p.<br />
de jabón talc | p. de labrador greenstone | p. del<br />
águila a nodular, clayey iron ore | p. de la luna<br />
labradorite | p. de las amazonas labradorite | p.<br />
de lumbre flint | p. de luna blue adularia | p. de<br />
mano [Méx] good specimin of ore, sometimes<br />
used for religious purposes | p. de mobre flint |<br />
p. de moco white, transparent var of chalcedony<br />
with dendritic staining | p. de moler [Col]<br />
syenite | p. de mollejón [Col] sandstone | p. palo<br />
[Ch] asbestos | p. de pipas meerschaum | p. de<br />
remedar [Guadalcázar, Méx] large fragment of<br />
granite | [San Nicolas, Méx] basalt | [Mazapil,<br />
Méx] feldspathic porphyry | p. de sapo mica | p.<br />
de sillería dressed stone | p. de sol precious<br />
variety of oligoclase | p. de toque jasper,<br />
touchstone | p. de yeso rock gypsum | p. del<br />
labrador labradorite | p. dura any hard, siliceous<br />
stone | p. en bruto rubble stone | p. fétida<br />
stinkstone | p. filtrante porous rock | p. fina<br />
gemstone | p. frailesca [Almadén, Sp] breccia
P-7<br />
consisting of fragments of schist and serpentine<br />
cemented by dolomite and clay | p. franca<br />
easily worked stone | p. guisante pisolite | p.<br />
hematitas hematite | p. hedionda [Guadalcázar,<br />
Méx] black limestone | p. imán magnetite | p.<br />
inga pyrite | p. jaspe jasper | p. labrada dressed<br />
stone | p. lipe [Pe] chalcanthite | p. litográfica<br />
argillaceous limestone | p. loca meerschaum |<br />
p. maciza stone lacking defects | p. marmól<br />
marble | p. meteórica meteorite | p. mineral ore<br />
| p. molar sandstone used for millstones | p.<br />
moleña burstone | p. mora [Guadalcázar, Méx]<br />
diorite | p. nefrítica jade | p. negra [Vz] greenish<br />
gray feldstone | p. ollar serpentine | steatite |<br />
p. oniquina onyx | p. ovar oolite | p. palo [La<br />
Serena, Ch] asbestos | p. para brownstone | p.<br />
parda manganese oxides | p. partida broken<br />
stone | p. pez pitchstone, retinite | p. picada<br />
crushed or broken stone | p. pómez<br />
pumicestone | p. preciosa gemstone | p. radiante<br />
actinolite | p. rodada boulder, cobble, pebble |<br />
p. sarabeada or sarabiada [Col] decomposed<br />
granite or gneiss | p. sonora phonolite | p. tosca<br />
pumice stone, pumice | p. verde green stone |<br />
p. viva very hard stone, ledge rock | piedras de<br />
acarreo glacial erratics | p.-bola [Méx] boulder<br />
piemontita nf piemontite, manganese epidote<br />
piezoclasa nf compression joint<br />
piezocristilización nf piezocrystallization<br />
piezoelectricidad nf piezoelectricity<br />
piezoeléctrico,-ca adj piezoelectric<br />
piezogeno,-na adj piezogene<br />
piezomagnetismo nm piezomagnetism<br />
piezométrico,-ca adj equipotential, piezometric<br />
pila nf basin, trough, tank or vessel | pothole |<br />
evaporation tank in salt works | [Col] pit dug<br />
on a river bank used to wash placer ore | p. de<br />
mineral heap of ore<br />
pilar nm pillar | p. de tierra pinnacle | p. tectónico<br />
horst<br />
pilita nf pilite (actinolite pseudomorphous after<br />
olivine) | tinder ore<br />
pilón nm stone trough<br />
pilotaxítico,-ca adj pilotaxitic, felty<br />
pinacoide adj pinacoidal | nm pinacoid<br />
pináculo nm pinnacle<br />
pinado,-da adj pinnate<br />
pingo nm a drill hole terminated short of its<br />
objective<br />
pinguita nf nontronite<br />
pinta nf [Méx] the appearance of an ore which<br />
discloses its tenor according to its color, grain,<br />
weight and other physical properties | [Ch]<br />
silver ore assaying better than 50 diezmilésimos<br />
| [Vz] gold placer | color or gold seen on<br />
washing gravel in a pan | p. azul [Pachuca,<br />
Méx] silver sulfide ore | p. de metal indications<br />
of ore<br />
pintar vintr to exhibit indications of ore<br />
pínula nf sight of a surveying instrument<br />
pinza nf fishing tool used for extracting objects<br />
that have fallen down a drillhole<br />
piña nf cone-shaped ingot of refined silver |<br />
[Ch, Pe, Bol] bullion<br />
piocha nf pick<br />
piotina nf saponite<br />
pipa nf pipe<br />
pique nm bottom or ground | [Bol, Ch, Pe] shaft<br />
| a pique [Méx] vertically | p. maestro [Ch] main<br />
shaft<br />
piquero nm miner<br />
piqueta nf mattox, pickaxe | p. con cabeza pollpick<br />
piquetero nm boy who carries picks to workers<br />
in a mine<br />
piquetilla nf gad | small pickaxe<br />
pir nm [Ch] lead amalgam<br />
piralmandita nf pyralmandite<br />
piralspita nf pyralspite<br />
pirámirade nm pyramid<br />
pirargirita nf pyrargyrite<br />
pireneita nf melanite<br />
pirex nm pyrex<br />
piriforme adj pear-shaped<br />
pirita nf pyrite | sulfides (in general) | p.<br />
arsenical arsenopyrite | p. blanca marcasite | p.<br />
capilar millerite | p. cobriza chalcopyrite | p.<br />
común pyrite | p. de azufre iron pyrite | p. de<br />
carbón pyrite found in coal seams, "scud" | p. de<br />
cobalto linnaeite | p. de cobre chalcopyrite | p. de<br />
cresta de gallo marcasite | p. de estaño stannite |<br />
p. de fierro or hierro iron pyrite | p. de manganeso<br />
hauerite | p. ferroniquelífera pentlandite | p.<br />
magnética pyrrhotite | p. marcial iron pyrite | p.<br />
prismática marcasite | p. radianite pyrite,<br />
firestone | p. roja niccolite | p. sana [Ch]<br />
unaltered pyrite<br />
pirítico,-ca adj pyritic<br />
piritización nf pyritization<br />
piritizar vtr to pyritize<br />
piritoedro nm pyritohedron<br />
piritoso,-sa adj pyrite-bearing<br />
piroaurita nf pyroaurite<br />
pirobelonita nf pyrobelonite
P-8<br />
pirobitumen nm pyrobitumen<br />
piroclástico,-ca adj pyroclastic<br />
pirocloro nm pyrochlore<br />
pirochroita nf pyrochroite<br />
pirofana nf pyrophane, fire opal<br />
pirofanita nf pyrophanite<br />
pirofilita nf pyrophyllite<br />
pirogénesis nf pyrogenesis<br />
pirógeno,-na adj pyrogenic | pyrogenetic<br />
pirolita nf pyrolite<br />
pirolusita nf pyrolusite<br />
piromagma nf pyromagma<br />
piromelana nf brookite<br />
piromerida nf pyromeride (obs, nodular rhyolite)<br />
pirometamorfismo nm pyrometamorphism<br />
pirometasomático,-ca adj pyrometasomatic<br />
pirometasomatismo nm pyrometasomatism<br />
pirometría nf pyrometry<br />
pirométro nm pyrometer<br />
piromorfita nf pyromorphite<br />
pironafta nf pyronaphtha<br />
piropisita nf pyropissite<br />
piropo nm pyrope<br />
piroretinita nf pyroretinite<br />
pirosfero nm pyrosphere<br />
pirosmalita nf pyrosmalite<br />
pirostibina nf kermesite<br />
pirostilpnita nf pyrostilpnite<br />
piroxena nf pyroxene<br />
piroxenita nf piroxenite<br />
piroxeno nm pyroxene<br />
piroxenoide nm piroxenoid<br />
piroxferroita nf pyroxferroite<br />
piroxmangita nf pyroxmangite<br />
pirquín nm [Bol, Ch] contract mining<br />
pirquinero nm [Bol, Ch] contract or tribute<br />
miner, tributor<br />
pirrotina nf pyrrhotite<br />
pisar vintr to dip<br />
piso nm stage | floor or level | bottom level in a<br />
mine | footwall | p. estructural structural stage<br />
pisolita nf pisolite | pisolith | p. volcánica<br />
volcanic pisolith<br />
pisolítico,-ca adj pisolitic<br />
pisones nmpl [Bol] stamps (in a stamp mill)<br />
piticita nf pitticite<br />
pivote nm stock<br />
pizarra nf slate | schist | p. arcillosa argillaceous<br />
slate or schist | [Sp] shale | p. arenosa sandy<br />
schist | p. astilloso splintered slate | p. azul<br />
[Cartagena, Sp] slate stained by iron silicate | p.<br />
bituminosa bituminous slate | p. carbonífera<br />
coaly shale | p. clorítica chloritic schist | p.<br />
cristalina schist | p. de talco talc schist | p. de<br />
tejar roofing slate | p. en gavillas cordierite<br />
schist | p. fétida bituminous slate | p. gredosa<br />
clay slate | p. marcellus marcellus shale | p.<br />
micácea mica schist | p. ojosa augen schist<br />
pizarral nm slate quarry<br />
pizarreño,-ña adj slatey | with or having slaty<br />
cleavage<br />
pizarrería nf slate quarry<br />
pizarrosidad nf schistosity | slaty cleavage<br />
pizarroso,-sa adj slatey<br />
placa nf plate | slab | p. litosférica lithospheric<br />
plate<br />
placer nm placer | p. aurífero gold-bearing placer<br />
| p. de costa marina beach placer | p. metalífero<br />
ore-bearing placer<br />
plagioclasa nf plagioclase<br />
plagioclasita nf anorthosite<br />
plaisanciano,-na adj Plaisancian<br />
plaisanciense adj Plaisancian<br />
plan nm program | bottom level in a mine<br />
planación nf planation<br />
plancton nm plankton<br />
plancha nf plate or sheet of native metal<br />
plancheta nf plane-table<br />
planear vtr [Méx] to extract gold in fissures in<br />
bedrock beneath placers<br />
planicie nm plane | [geomorph] sides of a<br />
saddle | p. de abrasión denudation plane | p.<br />
troncal peneplain<br />
planificación nf planning<br />
planimetría nf planimetry<br />
planimétrico,-ca adj planimetric<br />
planimétro nm planimeter<br />
plano nm map, plan | plane | p. axil axial plane<br />
| p. de clivaje cleavage plane | p. de crucero<br />
cleavage plane | p. de ensayes assay map | p. de<br />
estratificación bedding plane | p. de falla fault<br />
plane | p. de fractura fracture plane | p. de junta<br />
joint plane | p. de nivel datum | p. de referencia<br />
datum plane | p. de resbalamiento slickenside,<br />
fault plane | p. de simetría | p. reticular<br />
planofírico,-ca adj planophyric (obs)<br />
planta nf floor or level | horizontal cut | map,<br />
plan | plant, factory, facility | p. de recuperación<br />
de acidos acid recovery plant<br />
plantar vtr to erect a mill, machinery, etc<br />
planteaje nm plant, mill<br />
planteamiento nm plant, mill<br />
plantel nm plant, mill<br />
plasma nf plasma (var of chalcedony)
P-9<br />
plasticidad nf plasticity<br />
plástico,-ca adj plastic<br />
plastotipo nm plastotype<br />
plata nf silver | silver ore | p. agria argentite,<br />
polybasite or stephanite | p. antimonial<br />
discrasite | p. azul [Tlalpujahua, Méx]<br />
aregentite [Zacatecas, Méx] silver chloride | p.<br />
azul acercado polybasite | p. azul de catorce<br />
selbite | p. blanca native silver | p. blanca<br />
pardusca argentiferous galena | p. bruto native<br />
silver | p. ceniza silver chloride | p. color de rosa<br />
native silver with reddish tinge | p. córnea<br />
cerargyrite | p. córnea amarilla iodyrite | p.<br />
córnea blanca cerargyrite | p. córnea verde<br />
embolite | p. cruda sponge silver | p. de clavos<br />
[Batopilas, Méx] wire silver in calcite gangue |<br />
p. de ley standard silver for assayers | p. de patio<br />
or de pie silver produced by the patio process of<br />
amalgamation | p. del diezmo silver taxed at the<br />
rate of one tenth its weight or value | p. del<br />
rescate silver produced from purchased or<br />
stolen ores, taxes at the rate of one fifth its<br />
weight or value | p. dúctil argentite | p. en barra<br />
silver bullion | p. esponja sponge silver | p. gris<br />
argentite | p. labrada wrought silver | p. maciza<br />
[Pe] native silver in sheets | p. mixta electrum |<br />
p. nativa native silver | p. natural native silver |<br />
p. negra argentite, stephanite | p. negra<br />
prismática stephanite | p. parda cerargyrite | p.<br />
pella silver amalgam | p. quintada any silver<br />
that has been taxed | p. roja clara proustite | p.<br />
roja oscura pyrargyrite | p. seca silver ore which<br />
does not amalgamate with mercury | p. sulfúrea<br />
agria stephanite | p. verde embolite [Plateros,<br />
Méx] bromyrite | [Catorce, Méx] mixture of<br />
bromyrite and iodyrite | p. virgen native silver<br />
| p. vítrea argentite<br />
plataforma nf platform | p. continental<br />
continental shelf | continental mass | p.<br />
continental exterior outer continental shelf | p.<br />
costera coastal plane | p. cratogénica cratogenic<br />
shelf | p. de abrasión wave-cut platform | p. de<br />
perforación drilling platform, drilling rig | p. de<br />
producción production platform | p.<br />
epicontinental continental shelf | p. replegable<br />
jack-up rig | p. submarina continental shelf<br />
plateado,-da adj silvered, silver, silvery<br />
platillo nm [Méx] a red earthen plate used for<br />
testing ore<br />
platina nf platinum ore | crude native platinum<br />
platiniridio nm platiniridium<br />
platinita nf playnite<br />
platino nm platinum | p. nativo native platium<br />
plato para lavar mineral nm gold pan<br />
platón nm pan used for washing ore<br />
platoncito nm small gold pan<br />
playa nf beach, shore, strand | river bank | p.<br />
alta backshore | p. baja gold placer beneath the<br />
level of the adjacent stream | p. levantada raised<br />
beach<br />
playero nm [Bol, Pe] placer miner<br />
plazolita nf hydrogrossular<br />
pleamar nm high tide<br />
plegado,-da adj folded | nm folding<br />
plegadura nf folding<br />
plegamiento nm folding | p. cabrío chevron<br />
folding | p. en acordeón accordian folding | p.<br />
entrecruzado cross-folding | p. imbricado<br />
imbricate folding | p. verdadero flexure, true<br />
folding<br />
plegar vtr to fold<br />
pleistocénico,-ca adj Pleistocene<br />
pleistoceno,-na adj Pleistocene | nm Pleistocene<br />
plenargirita nf matildite<br />
pleocristalino,-na adj holocrystalline<br />
pleocroico,-ca adj pleochroic<br />
pleocroísmo nm pleochroism<br />
pleocroísto,-sta adj pleochroic<br />
pleonasta nf ceylonite<br />
plicación nf plication<br />
pliegue nm fold | p. acostado recumbant fold | p.<br />
armónico harmonic fold | p. asimétrico<br />
asymmetric fold | p. buzante dip fold | p. cabrío<br />
chevron fold | p. cerrado closed fold, isoclinal<br />
fold | p. competente competent fold | p.<br />
compuesto compund fold | p. de arrastre drag<br />
fold | p. diapírico diapir fold | p. disarmónico<br />
disharmonic fold | p. echado overfold | p. en<br />
abanico de flujo fan fold | p. escanolado en<br />
échelon fold | p. hacia abajo downfold | p.<br />
inclinado inclined fold | p. incompetente<br />
incompetent fold | p. intraformacional<br />
intraformational fold | p. invertido overturned<br />
fold | p. isoclinal isoclinal fold | p. normal<br />
normal fold | p. parado upright fold, normal<br />
fold | p. recostado recumbant fold | p.<br />
recumbente recumbant fold | p. silla anticline |<br />
p. simétrico symmetric fold | p. simple simple<br />
fold | p. suprateneu supratenous fold | p.<br />
tumbado overturned fold | p. verdadero true fold,<br />
flexure | p. vertical upright fold | p. volcado<br />
overturned or inverted fold, overfold | p.<br />
yacente recumbent fold<br />
pliensbaquiano,-na adj Pliensbachian
P-10<br />
pliensbaquense nm Pliensbachian<br />
pliniano,-na adj Plinian<br />
pliocénico,-ca adj Pliocene<br />
plioceno,-na adj Pliocene | nm Pliocene<br />
pliomagmático,-ca adj pliomagmatic<br />
plísamiento nm microfolding<br />
plomada nf plumb<br />
plombagina nf graphite<br />
plomífero,-ra adj lead-bearing, plumbiferous<br />
plomillo nm [Méx] hematite rich tin ore<br />
plomilloso,-sa adj lead-bearing<br />
plomizo,-za adj leaden | p. de acarreo alluvial<br />
deposit of broken fragments of galena<br />
plomo,-ma adj lead colored | leaden<br />
plomo nm lead | lead ore, usually galena | p.<br />
abigarrado pyromorphite | p. afinado refined<br />
lead | p. agrio lead slag | p. amarillo wulfenite |<br />
p. blanco cerussite | p. córneo fosgenite | p. de<br />
obra [Méx] argentiferous lead | p. dulce refined<br />
lead | p. negro graphite | p. pardo pyromorphite<br />
| p. pobre lead poor in silver | p. rico lead rich<br />
in silver | p. rojo crocoite | p. ronco [Arg, Ch,<br />
Pe] compact, massive argentite | p. verde<br />
pyromorphite<br />
plomogoma nf<br />
plomoso,-sa adj lead-bearing<br />
plumbagina nf graphite, plumbargo<br />
plúmbeo,-bea adj leaden<br />
plumbogumita nf plumbogummite<br />
plumbopirocloro nm plumbopyrochlore<br />
plurivalencia nf polyvalence<br />
plutón nm pluton, intrusion, intrusive | p.<br />
atectónico atectonic pluton | p. pretectónico<br />
pretectonic pluton | p. post-tectónico posttectonic<br />
pluton | p. sincrónico syntectonic<br />
pluton | p. sintectónico syntectonic pluton | p.<br />
subsecuente post-tectonic pluton<br />
plutónico,-ca adj plutonic, intrusive<br />
plutonio nm plutonium<br />
plutonismo nm plutonism<br />
plutónita nf plutonist<br />
pneumatolítico,-ca adj pneumatolytic<br />
población nf population | p. cerrada closed<br />
population | p. de referencia parent population |<br />
p. estable stable population | p. estacionaria<br />
stationary population | p. madre parent<br />
population | p. tipo type population<br />
poblador nm [Méx] mine foreman<br />
poblar vtr to set miners to work in a mine<br />
pobre adj barren, sterile, unmineralized | low<br />
grade<br />
pobreza nf poverty | p. de la mina said when ore<br />
grade is low<br />
pocero nm well sinker | shaft digger, pitman<br />
pocillo nm small well or drill hole | pass or<br />
shoot in a mine<br />
poder nm thickness | p. calorífico fuel ratio<br />
podolita nf carbonate-apatite<br />
podrido,-da adj rotten, decomposed<br />
podrir jaguas vtr [Col] to leave ores exposed to<br />
the atmosphere in the hope that the sulfides<br />
will thus be oxidized over time<br />
poiquilítico,-ca adj poikilitic<br />
poiquiloblástico,-ca adj poikiloblastic<br />
poiquilofítico,-ca adj poikilophitic<br />
poiquilotópico,-ca adj poikilotopic<br />
poiquilotopo nm poikilotope<br />
polaridad nf polarity<br />
polarimetría nf polarimetry<br />
polarimétro nm polarimeter<br />
polarización nf polarization<br />
polarizado,-da adj polarized<br />
polarizador,-dora adj polarizing | nm polarizer<br />
polen nm pollen<br />
polenita nf pollenite (obs, olivine phonolite)<br />
poliargirita nf polyargyrite<br />
polibasita nf polybasite<br />
policíclico,-ca adj polycyclic<br />
policónico,-ca adj polyconic<br />
policraso nm polycrase<br />
policristal nm polycrystal<br />
polícromo,-ma adj polychrome, multicolored<br />
policuarzo nm polyquartz<br />
polidimita nf polydymite<br />
poligenético,-ca adj polygenetic<br />
poligénico,-ca adj polycyclic | polygenic<br />
poligeosinclinal nm polygeosyncline<br />
poligonal adj polygonal<br />
poligonización nf polygonization<br />
polígono nm polygon<br />
polihalita nf polyhalite<br />
polikinemático,-ca adj polykinematic<br />
polilitarenita nf polylitharenite<br />
polilitionita nf polylithionite<br />
polimerización nf polymerization<br />
polimerizado,-da adj polymerized<br />
polimetálico,-ca adj polymetallic<br />
polimetamorfismo nm polymetamorphism<br />
polimignita nf polymignyte<br />
poliminerálico,-ca adj polymineralic<br />
polimodal adj polymodal<br />
polimorfía nf polymorphism<br />
polimorfismo nm polymorphism
P-11<br />
polimorfo,-fa adj polymorphic, polymorphous |<br />
nm polymorph<br />
polinigritita nf polynigritite<br />
polisintético,-ca adj polysynthetic<br />
politipismo nm polytypism<br />
politipo nm polytype<br />
polo nm pole | p. geográfico geographic pole | p.<br />
magnético magnetic pole<br />
polonio nm polonium<br />
polucita nf pollucite<br />
polveo nm [Méx] amalgam formed by the cazo or<br />
caldron process composed of two parts<br />
mercury and one part silver by weight<br />
polvillo nm fine dust | tailings | [Méx] rich ore<br />
| p. bueno good ore | p. y jabon [Guanajuato,<br />
Méx] richest ore mined yielding about 2000<br />
ounces to the ton<br />
polvo nm dust | pinch | powder | oro en p. gold<br />
dust | p. de carbón coal dust | p. volcánico<br />
volcanic dust<br />
polvorilla nf argentite | polybasite | [Tamaya,<br />
Ch] phillipsite-bearing copper ore | [Peras,<br />
Méx] gold-bearing marcasite | estaño de p.<br />
[Durango, Méx] friable, rhyolite hosted tin ore<br />
| [Pe] stephanite (but usually used for argentite<br />
or polybasite) | [Cerro de Pasco, Pe]<br />
sternbergite<br />
pollo nm [Pe] small bag of rich ore given by a<br />
miner on Saturday to the mine owner<br />
pomáceo,-cea adj pumaceous<br />
pómez adj and nm pumice<br />
ponce nm pumice<br />
pongo nm [Pe, Ec] worker employed to maintain<br />
underground workings | canyon, gorge<br />
pontiano,-na adj Pontian<br />
pontico,-ca adj Pontic<br />
pontiense adj Pontian<br />
populación nf [stats] population<br />
poquiri nm Indian required to work overtime on<br />
account of not fulfilling his tarea<br />
poercelainita nf porcellanite | mullite<br />
porcelana nf porcelain<br />
porcelanáceo,-cea adj porcellaneous<br />
porcelanita nf porcellanite<br />
porcentaje nf percentage | rate | ratio<br />
purcentual adj percentage<br />
porfídico,-ca adj porphyritic<br />
porfidita nf porphyry, porphyrite<br />
pórfido nm porphyry | [Vz] gold-bearing<br />
jasperoid | p. acanterado [Méx] rhyolite<br />
porphyry | p. cuarcífero quartz porphyry | p.<br />
feldesático feldspar porphyry | p. granítico<br />
granite porphyry | p. metalífero [Pachuca and<br />
Real del Monte, Méx] porphyritic pyroxene<br />
andesite host rock | p. negro [Almadén, Sp]<br />
melaphyre | p. traquito trachyte porphyry<br />
porfidoblástico,-ca adj porphyroblastic<br />
porfidoblasto nm porphyroblast<br />
porfiroclástico,-ca adj porphyroclastic<br />
porfirogranulítico,-ca adj porphyrogranulitic<br />
(obs)<br />
porfírico,-ca adj porphyritic
P-12<br />
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P-13<br />
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P-14<br />
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P-15
P-16<br />
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P
pabellón nm pavilion (of a precious stone)<br />
P-18
paco nm [Bol, Pe] gossan, oxidized or partly<br />
P-19
P-20
P-21<br />
t-<br />
€pΕZ<br />
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P-22
P-23<br />
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P-24
P-25<br />
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P-26
P-27<br />
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P-28<br />
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P-29<br />
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P
pabellón nm pavilion (of a precious stone)<br />
P-30
paco nm [Bol, Pe] gossan, oxidized or partly<br />
P-31
P-32<br />
sh coloónico,-ca adj posttectonic<br />
post-litoral adj backshore<br />
postura nf [Pe] separation of silver from<br />
amalgam by distillation<br />
potamógeno,-na adj potamic<br />
potamología nf potamology<br />
potasa adj potash | nf potash<br />
potásico,-ca adj potassic<br />
potasio nm potassium | p.-argon K-Ar | p.-calcio<br />
K-Ca<br />
potencia nf thickness | power | strength (of a<br />
vein) | p. de una prueba power of a test | p.<br />
nuclear nuclear power<br />
potencial adj potential | nm potential | p.<br />
espontaneo spontaneous potential | p. nominal<br />
rated potential, rated production capacity | p.<br />
zeta zeta potential<br />
potenciométrico,-ca adj potentiometric<br />
potsdamiano,-na adj Potsdamian<br />
potsdamiense adj Potsdamian<br />
pottsvilliense adj Pottsvillian<br />
poza nf [Sandia, Pe] potholes in bedrock of<br />
placer gold deposits<br />
pozaco nm [Cartagena, Sp] winze<br />
pozo nm well, drill hole | shaft, pit | p.<br />
abandonado abandoned well | p. artesiano<br />
artesian well | p. cárstico yama | p. cerrado close<br />
in well | p. de alivio relief well | p. de avancada<br />
step-out well | p. de coyote natural water hole |<br />
p. de desarollo development well | p. de descarga<br />
disposal well | p. de descubrimiento discovery<br />
well | p. de mina shaft | p. de servicio service<br />
well | p. direccional directed well, slant well | p.<br />
dirigido directed well, slant hole | p. excavado<br />
dug well | p. exploratorio exploratory or wildcat<br />
well | p. eruptivo gusher | p. improductivo dry<br />
well, "duster" | p. inyector injection well | p.<br />
lateral flank well | p. marginal marginal well |<br />
p. muerto dead well (must be pumped to<br />
produce) | p. obligatorio obligation well | p.<br />
parado shut in well | p. pobre stripper well | p.<br />
salado salted well | p. seco dry hole | p. sin<br />
control wild well, well out of control | p. sin<br />
consentimiento de una parte non consent well | p.<br />
sin entubar open well | p. subyacente well<br />
cutting accross several pools<br />
pozolano,-na adj pozzolan<br />
praseodimio nm praseodymium<br />
prasio nm green variety of quartz, prase<br />
prasópal nm prasopal<br />
prasma nf dark green variety of agate<br />
praetigliense adj Praetiglian
P-33<br />
prealpino,-na adj prealpine<br />
precambriano,-na adj Precambrian<br />
precámbrico,-ca adj Precambrian<br />
precio nm price | p. de referencia posted price | p.<br />
de refineria refinery price, rack price | p. oficial<br />
posted selling price<br />
precioso,-sa adj precious<br />
precipicio nm precipice, cliff<br />
precipitación nf precipitation<br />
precipitado,-da adj precipitated<br />
precipitar vtr precipitate<br />
preconsolidación nf preconsolidation<br />
precursor nm preliminary seismic wave<br />
predazita nf predazzite<br />
prediagenesis nf prediagenesis<br />
predio minero nm mining property<br />
prefosa nf foredeep<br />
preorogénico,-ca adj preorogenic<br />
preparar minerales vtr to dress ores<br />
presa nf dam<br />
presentar vintr to show or display a<br />
characteristic (this verb is generally lost in<br />
translation, eg que presenta gradaciones entre<br />
granito y tonalita 'that grades from granite to<br />
tonalite')<br />
presentarse vpr to occur, be found, eg las rocas<br />
siluricas se presentan cerca de la mina 'Silurian<br />
rocks occur adjacent to the mine'<br />
preserver vtr to preserve<br />
presión nf pressure | drive (in an oil or gas<br />
pool) | p. absoluta absolute pressure | p.<br />
atmosférica atmospheric pressure | p. cerrada<br />
closed pressure | p. de flujo fluid pressure,<br />
flowing pressure | p. dirigida directed pressure<br />
| p. efectiva working pressure | p. estática static<br />
pressure | p. hidrostática hydrostatic pressure |<br />
a presión under pressure<br />
presupuesto nm cost estimate<br />
pretectónico,-ca adj pretectonic<br />
pretil nm [Vz] cliff<br />
pretratamiento nm pretreatment<br />
previtriano nm previtrian<br />
priaboniano,-na adj Priabonian<br />
priaboniense adj Priabonian<br />
prieto,-ta adj blackish, black, very dark |<br />
rebellious, refractory (ores)<br />
prima nf bonus | p. de petróleo oil bonus<br />
primario,-ria adj primary | nm Paleozoic<br />
primordial adj primordial, essential<br />
prisma nm prism<br />
prismático,-ca adj prismatic<br />
prismoide afj prismoidal | nm prismoid<br />
probabilidad nf probability | p. compuesto<br />
compound probability | p. condicional<br />
conditional probability | p. total total<br />
probability<br />
probado,-da adj proven, proved<br />
procedimiento nm process (industrial or<br />
chemical)<br />
proceso nm process | processing | p. aleatorio<br />
random process | p. armónico random process |<br />
p. autoregressivo autoregressive process | p. de<br />
Markov Markov process | p. discreto discrete<br />
process | p. estacionario stationary process | p.<br />
homogéneo homogenous process | p. númerico<br />
numeric process<br />
proclorita nf ripidolite<br />
producción nf production | p. anual annual<br />
production | p. de un pozo yield of a well | p. del<br />
yacimiento field or pool potential | p. diario<br />
daily production | p. mensual monthly<br />
production | p. permisible allowable production<br />
| p. permitida allowable production | p.<br />
potencial draw down potential | p. rápida<br />
gutting of a well | p. real actual production | p.<br />
regulada ratable take | p. suplementaria bonus<br />
allowable<br />
producir vtr to produce<br />
productivo,-va adj productive | producing<br />
producto nm product, return, yield | material |<br />
product (result of an industrial or chemical<br />
process) | p. blanco white hydrocarbon<br />
products (gasoline, kerosene etc) | p. de<br />
erupción eruptive material | p. negro black<br />
hydrocarbon product (diesel, etc)<br />
productor nm producer | p. independiente<br />
independent producer<br />
profundidad nf depth | footage (of a well) |<br />
[Almadén, Sp] winze<br />
profundizar vtr to sink or deepen<br />
profundo,-da adj deep | poco p. shallow<br />
progradación nf progradation<br />
promedio nm average | middle<br />
prometeo,-tea adj promethium<br />
promontorio nm promontory, headland | [Méx]<br />
an irregular deposit or mass | p. fangoso mudlump<br />
propano nm propane<br />
propilita nf propylite (obs porpylitized andesite)<br />
propilitización nf propylitization<br />
proporción nf proportion | ratio<br />
proporcional adj proportional<br />
prorrateo nm proration
P-34<br />
prospección nf prospecting | p. geofísica<br />
geophysical prospecting | p. geoquímica<br />
geochemical prospecting<br />
proterozoico,-ca adj Proterozoic | nm<br />
Proterozoic<br />
protoclástico,-ca adj protoclastic<br />
protocuarzita nf protoquartzite<br />
protogénico,-ca adj protogenic<br />
protomatriz nf protomatrix<br />
protomena nf protore<br />
protomilonita nf protomylonite<br />
protrusivo,-va adj protrusive<br />
provincia nf province | p. metalogénica<br />
metallogenic province | p. petrográfica<br />
petrographic province<br />
provitriano nm provitrian<br />
próximo,-ma adj near, close | nearby, proximal<br />
| next<br />
proyección nf projection | p. cristalina crystal<br />
projection | p. Lambert Lambert projection | p.<br />
Mercator Mercator projection | p. policónica<br />
polyconic projection<br />
proyectar vtr to project<br />
proyectil nm projectile | p. volcánico volcanic<br />
bomb, volcanic ejecta<br />
proyecto nm project | plan, design | draft<br />
prueba nf test | preprint | p. bilateral two-sided<br />
test | p. de asfalto tar test | p. de caída shatter test<br />
| p. de calcinación char test | p. de choque izod<br />
test | p. de elutración elutriation test | p. de goma<br />
gum test | p. de hipótesis hypothesis test | p. de<br />
homegeidad test of homogeneity | p. de<br />
independencia test of independence | p. de ji<br />
cuadrado chi-squared test | p. de Kolmogorov-<br />
Smirnov Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test | p. de razón<br />
de versimilitud likelihood ratio test | p. de<br />
resistencia drop test | p. de significación test of<br />
significance | p. de student student t test | p.<br />
robusto robust test | p. sin sesgo unbiased test |<br />
p. unilateral one-sided test<br />
psamita nf psammite<br />
psaturosa nf stephanite | [Pe] polybasite<br />
psefita nf rudite, psephite<br />
pseudobrecha nf pseudobreccia<br />
pseudocirco nm pseudocirque<br />
pseudoclorita nf swelling chlorite | septchlorite<br />
| pseudochlorite<br />
pseudocrisolita nf pseudochrysotile<br />
pseudocristal nm pseudocrystal<br />
pseudodifusión nf pseudo-diffusion<br />
pseudofalla nf pseudofault<br />
pseudomalaquita nf pseudomalachite<br />
pseudomatriz nf pseudomatrix<br />
pseudomontaña nf pseudomountain<br />
pseudomórfico,-ca adj pseudomorphous<br />
pseudomorfismo nm pseudomorphism<br />
pseudomorfo nm pseudomorph<br />
pseudonódulo nm pseudonodule<br />
pseudopofírico,-ca adj pseudoporphyritic<br />
pseudorutilo nm pseudorutile<br />
pseudosimetría nf pseudosymmetry<br />
pseudovolcán nm pseudovolcano<br />
pseudowavelita nf crandallite<br />
psitacinita nf mottramite<br />
pteroceriano,-na adj Pterocerian<br />
pteroceriense adj Pterocerian<br />
pucha nf [Col] one sixteenth of an almud<br />
pudinga nf conglomerate<br />
pudrir jaguas vtr [Col] to leave ores exposed to<br />
the atmosphere in the hope that the sulfides<br />
will thus be oxidized over time<br />
puerciense adj Puercan<br />
puente nm bridge | plugging of a well | head<br />
frame of a mule whim | pillar (of ore in a mine)<br />
| p. natural natural bridge, arch<br />
puerta nf door, passage | [Méx] hard rock or<br />
boulders that conceal a vein<br />
puerto nm pass, gap<br />
puesta en producción nf bringing in a well<br />
pulgada nf inch | pinch | p. de minero miner's<br />
inch | p. de oro en polvo pinch of gold dust<br />
pulimentación nf polishing (by wind or glaciers)<br />
pulimento nm polish | p. eólico desert polish | p.<br />
glaciar glacial polish<br />
pulpería nf company store at a mine<br />
pulsación nf [strat, tect] pulsation<br />
pumita nf pumice<br />
pumpeliita nf pumpellyite<br />
punta nf source | point | sharp end of a tool or<br />
instrument | work shift and hence, by<br />
extension, one-third of the mitayos assigned to a<br />
particular mine<br />
puntero nm stonemason's chisel<br />
punterola nf small pick<br />
puntiagudo,-da adj pointed<br />
puntista nf [Méx] miner who knocks down loose<br />
rock from a working face preparing the way for<br />
the next shift<br />
punto nm point | p. de burbuja or burbujeo bubble<br />
point pressure | p. de concensación condensation<br />
point | p. de ebullición boiling point | p. de<br />
fluidez pour point | p. de imagén image point |<br />
p. de inflamación flash point | p. de marca [surv]<br />
station | p. de niebla cloud point | p. de partida
P-35<br />
point of discovery of a vein, from which claim<br />
boundaries are measured | p. de referencia<br />
reference point | p. de rocio dew point | p.<br />
muerto break even point | p. nulo null point<br />
puntoagudo,-da adj taper pointed<br />
puntual adj point<br />
punzó adj flame red<br />
punzón nm gad<br />
puquio nm [Ch, Pe] spring | [Pe] narrow<br />
galleries driven by Indians or Jesuits to reach<br />
water-bearing strata | a natural outlet of<br />
groundwater from gently dipping stata<br />
purbeckiano,-na adj Purbeckian<br />
purbeckiense adj Purbeckian<br />
pureza nf purity<br />
purga nf [Cartagena, Sp] charge of slag added<br />
after a charge of ore to clean out a lead smelting<br />
furnace<br />
purgar vtr to bleed off | p. un pozo to blow a well<br />
puro,-ra adj pure, refined | native<br />
puro plateado nm [Pe] exceptionately high<br />
grade copper ore, essentially pure copper<br />
mineral<br />
purpúreo,-rea adj purple<br />
purpurino,-na adj purple<br />
puruña nf long trough for vanning silver<br />
amalgam | [Pe] earthenware or wood disk<br />
used to test ore in the patio process of<br />
amalgamating silver ores<br />
puzol nm pozzolana<br />
puzolana nf pozzolana<br />
puzolánico,-ca adj pozzolan
Q-1<br />
Q<br />
quebrada nf fissure or break in a rock | narrow<br />
pass | ravine, gorge, gully, draw, small valley<br />
| stream, brook | broken, uneven ground<br />
quebradizo,-za adj brittle, friable<br />
quebrado,-da adj broken, rough, uneven |<br />
bankrupt | nm fraction | [Cu] channel between<br />
reefs<br />
quebrador nm crusher | [Méx] ore breaker, ore<br />
cobber<br />
quebradura nf fracture, break | crack, fissure |<br />
ravine | crushing | q. de cizalladura shear joint<br />
quebrantador,-dora adj crushing | nm stone<br />
crusher or breaker | tool used for breaking<br />
stone<br />
quebradora nf crusher | q. de carbón coal<br />
breaker | q. de cono cone crusher | q. de<br />
mandíbula jaw crusher | q. de quijadas jaw<br />
crusher | q. giratoria gyratory crusher<br />
quebraja nf break, crack<br />
quebrajar vtr to crack, split<br />
quebrantable adj brittle<br />
quebrantamiento nm breaking, breaking up,<br />
breakage, shattering<br />
quebrantar vtr to break | to crush | to split | to<br />
crack | to spall<br />
quebrantarse vpr to break, crack, split<br />
quebrantador nm stone crusher or breaker | tool<br />
used for breaking stone<br />
quebrantura nf ravine<br />
quebrar vtr to break | to cob ore | vintr to break<br />
quebrarse vpr to break, be broken<br />
quebrazón de veta nm [Méx] break in a vein<br />
quedada nf [Bol] voluntary overtime by contract<br />
workers<br />
quedar determinado vtr delineated in space<br />
queenstownita nf Darwin glass<br />
quelidonia nf chelidon<br />
quelonita nf pyrite or marcasite with a shape<br />
that resembles a tortise shell<br />
quema nf retorting of amalgam | burning,<br />
roasting | [Méx] roasting of ore in the patio<br />
process of amalgamation of silver ore |<br />
[Guadalcazár, Méx] calcining of mercury ore in<br />
clay retorts<br />
quemadero nm [Méx] retort used to recover<br />
mercury from amalgam in the patio process of<br />
amalgamating silver ores<br />
quemado,-da adj porcellaneous | nm<br />
porcellanite | gossan having a burnt<br />
appearance | [Méx] manganese oxide staining<br />
| any dark, cindery mineral staining that looks<br />
similar to manganese oxide<br />
quemador nm [Guadalcázar, Méx] calciner of<br />
mercury ores<br />
quemahlita nf kemahlite (obs, pseudoleucitic<br />
micromonzonite)<br />
quemar vtr to roast or calcine ore | to retort<br />
amalgam | q. piedra to heat a rock and then<br />
break it by plunging in cold water<br />
quemazón nm outcrop | [Pachuca, Méx] silver<br />
ore in which native silver and silver chlorides<br />
are found in a matrix of manganese oxides<br />
queme nm retorting of amalgam or mercury ore<br />
| [Méx] roasting of ore in the patio process of<br />
amalgamation of silver ore<br />
quenita nf kenyte (obs, olivine phonolitic<br />
trachyte)<br />
quentalenita nf kentallenite ( obs, augite-olivine<br />
monzonite)<br />
queramiquita nf keramikite (obs, cordierite<br />
hyalorhyolite)<br />
queramohalita nf alunogen<br />
querargira nf cerargyrite<br />
querargirita nf cerargyrite<br />
queratófido nm keratophyre | q. cuarcífero<br />
quartz keratophyre<br />
queratófiro nm keratophyre<br />
queratoporfirita nf keratophyre | q. cuarzosa<br />
quartz keratophyre<br />
quercyita nf carbonate-hydroxylapatite<br />
quermesita nf kermesite<br />
querogeno nm kerogen<br />
querol nm kerol<br />
querosene nm kerosene<br />
queroseno nm kerosene<br />
queroteno nm kerotene<br />
quersantita nf kersantite<br />
Quersoneso nm Kertch<br />
quesenita nf kåsenite (obs, pyroxene nepheline<br />
carbonatite)<br />
quesilita nf azurite<br />
queso nm [Méx] small cake of silver resulting<br />
from roasting of silver sulfides with litharge in<br />
a small clay furnace or vaso | [Cerro de Pasco,<br />
Pe] pressed cake of amalgam<br />
quespi nm [Pe] quartz<br />
quetenita nf botryogen<br />
quetzalcoatlita nf quetzalcoatlite<br />
quetzalztlí nm [Méx] transluscent green vareity<br />
of jade<br />
quevellita nf kvellite (obs, ultrabasite)
Q-2<br />
quiastolita nf chiastolite<br />
quiebra nf fault, fracture, break, fissure |<br />
breaking or crushing of ore | bankruptcy,<br />
failure<br />
quieselgur nm kieselguhr<br />
quijo nm gangue or matrix, generally quartzose<br />
| gold- or silver-bearing quartz | q. azucarado.<br />
[Hualgáyoc, Pe] very finely crystalline, sugary<br />
quartz | q. de hierro gossan | q. podrido [Pe]<br />
porous quartz often containing gold<br />
quilatador nm assayer (of gold or silver)<br />
quilatar vtr to assay (gold or silver)<br />
quilate nm carat | a weight of 4 granos, the third<br />
part of a tomin | oro de 18 quilates 18 carat gold<br />
quilaveita nf kilaueite (obs, olivine-magnetite<br />
basalt)<br />
quilita nf kylite (obs, olivine theralite)<br />
quilo nm kilo, kilogram<br />
quilogramo nm kilogram<br />
quilolino nm kiloline<br />
quilómetro nm kilometer<br />
quillo nm [Pe] pyrite<br />
quimbalete nm [Pe] large stone used in hand<br />
grinding of ore<br />
quimberlita nf kimberlite<br />
química nf chemistry | chemist | q. geológica<br />
geochemistry | q. inorgánica inorganic<br />
chemistry | q. mineral inorganic chemistry | q.<br />
orgánica organic chemistry<br />
químico,-ca adj chemical | nm chemical | q.<br />
geológico geochemist<br />
quimismo nm chemism<br />
quinceno nm a fifteenth, the amount of colonial<br />
silver production taken by the Royal Treasury<br />
to pay for mercury and salt issued to minera on<br />
credit<br />
quincita nf quincite (pink sepiolite) | quinzite<br />
(rose-colored common opal)<br />
quine nm Kinne diabase (obs, olivine diabase)<br />
quintal nm hundredweight | a weight<br />
equivalent to 4 arrobas | fifth part of 100 |<br />
[Almadén, Sp] weight of ore found in an<br />
ordinary espuerta terrera | q. métrico 100<br />
kilograms<br />
quintalaje nm [Ch] weight in quintals<br />
quintear vtr [Bol] to sort or cob ore by hand<br />
quiroguita nf [Sierra Almagrera, Sp] antimonial<br />
galena<br />
quirunavaarita nf magnetinite<br />
quiselgur nm kieselguhr<br />
quisqueíta nf [Quisque, Pe] quisqueite (var<br />
asphaltite)<br />
quitar vtr to remove | to take away | to extract,<br />
separate | q. el mineral remove or extract ore |<br />
q. las impurezas a un mineral separate waste from<br />
ore, concentrate ore<br />
quitarse vpr to be removed, taken away,<br />
extracted, separated<br />
quintar vtr to tax by taking a portion by weight<br />
or value of refined metal produced | q. del<br />
diezmo to tax at the rate of one tenth<br />
quinto nm a fifth, tax levied on refined metal<br />
production | [Linares, Sp] one lead-smelting<br />
operation of a boliche furnace<br />
quinto real nm old Spanish colonial tax on<br />
mines originally set at a fifth or 20 percent, but<br />
later reduced<br />
quitina nf chitin<br />
quitinoso,-sa adj chitinous<br />
quitón nm chiton<br />
quitzalitztli nm [Méx] a green, transluscent jade<br />
quivita nf kivite (obs, olivine-leucite basanite)
R-1<br />
R<br />
rabdomancia nf rhabdomancy, dowsing<br />
rabión nm rapids | riffle<br />
rabos nmpl [Antioqua, Col] silver-rich slimes<br />
from the final (third) settling-vat used for the<br />
treatment of tailings<br />
radiación nf radiation | r. de fondo background<br />
radiation | r. gamma gamma radiation<br />
radiactividad nf radioactivity<br />
radiactivo,-va adj radioactive<br />
radiado,-da adj radiate<br />
radial adj radial<br />
radioactivación nf radioactivation<br />
radioactividad nf radioactivity<br />
radioactivo,-va adj radioactive.<br />
radiocoloide nm radiocolloid<br />
radiodetector nm water monitor (for<br />
radioactivity)<br />
radiogénico,-ca adj radiogenic<br />
radiohidrología nf radiohydrology<br />
radiolario nm radiolarian<br />
radiolisis nf radiolysis<br />
radiolítico,-ca adj radiolitic<br />
radioluminiscencia nf radioluminescence<br />
radiométrico,-ca adj radiometric<br />
radioquímica nf radiochemistry<br />
radioquimismo nm radiometrics<br />
raedera nf semicircular rake used for collecting<br />
ore<br />
rafa nf subsidence<br />
raíz nm root<br />
raja nf cut | crack, split<br />
rajado,-da adj split, cracked | [Bol] stoped<br />
rajadura nf fissure, crack, split<br />
rajar vtr to split, crack | [Bol] to extract blockedout<br />
ore, stope<br />
rajarse vpr to split, crack<br />
rajo nm [Bol] block (of ore in a mine) | stope |<br />
shallow open cut | r. abierto glory hole | r. al sol<br />
glory hole<br />
rama nf branch | branch vein | principal gallery<br />
in a mine<br />
ramada nf branches<br />
ramaje nm collection of branches<br />
ramal nm secondary branch | secondary gallery<br />
in a mine | branch or offshoot of a vein<br />
ramalearse vpr to split off, branch off<br />
ramaleo nm [Guanajuato, Méx] irregular,<br />
twisted veins of quartz and calcite<br />
rambla nf rambla, a dry ravine or bed of an<br />
ephemeral stream | sandy place | ground<br />
covered with sand after floods<br />
rámeo nm [Ch] zone of disseminated copper<br />
ores that separates richer ores<br />
ramificación nf division of a vein into branches<br />
ramificado,-da adj branching, braided<br />
ramificarse vpr to split up into or divide into<br />
branches, to branch, to feather out<br />
ramita de filón nf branch or leader vein<br />
ramito nm stringer<br />
ramiza nfpl branches<br />
ramo nm small branch | branch of a vein<br />
ramosita nf scoria<br />
rampa nf working face | ascent |[struc] ramp |<br />
slope<br />
rampla nf ramp, shallow incline<br />
ramplón,-ona adj upright<br />
ramsayita nf lorenzenite<br />
rancholabreiense adj Rancholabrean<br />
ranquilita nf haiweeite<br />
ranura nf groove | r. de deslizamiento striae<br />
raña nf fanglomerate | [Sp] alluvial deposits of<br />
Villafrankian age<br />
rapasa nf any easily worked stone<br />
rapidez nf rate | r. de crecimiento growth rate<br />
rápido nm rapids<br />
rasa nf high mountain plain | r. costera coastal<br />
plain<br />
rascar vtr to rework the surface of an abandoned<br />
mine<br />
rasgo nm characteristic, feature, trait | [Méx]<br />
length of underground workings along the<br />
strike of a vein<br />
raspador nm [Méx] miner who works the surface<br />
of a vein or deposit.<br />
raspadura nf streak | scrapings<br />
raspar vtr to abrade | to scrape | to clean up an<br />
arrastre| [Bol] to clean up any ore remaining in<br />
old workings<br />
raspiñar vtr [Bol] to clean up any ore remaining<br />
in old workings<br />
rasposo nm [Comanja, Méx] native silver<br />
rastro nm track, trace<br />
ratonera nf [Bol] dog-hole, coyote-hole, rat-hole<br />
or any other shallow working of little<br />
consequence<br />
rauda nf rapids<br />
rauraciano,-na adj Rauracian<br />
rauraciense adj Rauracian<br />
rayado,-da adj striped, banded<br />
rayano,-na adj bordering, adjacent
R-2<br />
rayo nm ray | r. gamma gamma ray | r. x X-ray<br />
razón nm ratio | rate | r. de correlación<br />
correlation coefficient | r. de verosimilitudes<br />
likelihood ratio<br />
reacción nf reaction | r. esotérmica exothermic<br />
reaction<br />
reaccionar vintr to react<br />
reacondicionar vtr to workover (a well)<br />
reactivación nf reactivation<br />
reactivo,-va adj reactive | nm reagent<br />
real nm [Méx] mining district, traditionally<br />
consisting of at least six operating mines and<br />
four reduction works adjacent to a town<br />
governed by the appropriate civial authorities<br />
| coin used in colonial Spanish America equal<br />
to 1/4 of a peseta or 25 céntimos | r. de<br />
fontanero measure of the rate of water flow | r.<br />
de minas mining district, mining town | r. de oro<br />
[Col] a weight, equivalent to a half a tomín and<br />
1/16 a castellano<br />
Real Caja nf local branch office of the royal<br />
Spanish treasury<br />
realce nm any working face that is raised above<br />
haulage ways | r. lateral overhand stoping<br />
realizar vtr [Bol] to classify ores prior to<br />
selective mining<br />
reavance nm readvance<br />
rebajar vtr to stope underhand<br />
rebaje nm butting against | cut | r. de cabeza<br />
overhand stope | r. descendente underhand<br />
stope<br />
rebajo nm [Méx] working of a mineral deposit |<br />
r. del cielo overhand stoping | r. lateral<br />
underhand stoping<br />
rebanada nf a slice of mineral or rock<br />
rebanado nm slicing (in mining)<br />
rebosdadero nm [Ch] isolated, irregular pocket<br />
of ore | [Pe] gold placer<br />
rebotallero nm [Méx] person who scavenges<br />
dumps for ore<br />
reciente adj recent<br />
recincho nm [Villanueva del Río, Sevilla, Sp]<br />
pyrite-bearing, fine-grained sandstone partings<br />
found in coal beds<br />
recial nm rapids<br />
reciclaje de gas nm cycling of gas<br />
recincho nm [Sevilla, Sp] pyritiferous sandstone<br />
occurring in coal seams<br />
recio,-ia adj coarse | nm [Sierra Almagrera, Sp]<br />
highest grade ore<br />
recobro nm recovery (expressed in percent)<br />
recodo nm river bend<br />
recoger vtr to collect | to gather or collect ores<br />
recolectar vtr to collect<br />
recompresión nf repressuring (an almost<br />
depleted well)<br />
reconcentrado nm [Méx] concentrate<br />
reconcentrar vtr to concentrate<br />
recongelación nf refreezing<br />
reconocer vtr to search or explore for mineral<br />
deposits | to prospect<br />
reconociendo nm prospecting, exploration<br />
reconocimiento nm exploration, prospecting,<br />
search | reconnaissance<br />
reconsecuente adj reconsequent, resequent<br />
reconstructivo,-va adj recontructive<br />
recorrer vtr to traverse<br />
recorrimiento nm [surv] traversing<br />
recorte nm [Bol] cross-cut<br />
recostado,-da adj recumbant<br />
recostar vintr to dip<br />
recristalización nf recrystallization<br />
rectificación nf rectification | correction of a<br />
mining claim<br />
rectilíneo,-nea adj rectilinear<br />
recto,-ta adj straight<br />
recubrimiento nm covering<br />
recuesto nm inclination or dip | slope<br />
recumbente adj recumbent<br />
recuperación nf recovery (of ore etc.) | r.<br />
secundaria secondary recovery<br />
recurso nm resource | r. no renovable<br />
nonrenewable resource<br />
rechazo nm fault offset or displacement | r.<br />
horizontal horizontal displacement | r. vertical<br />
vertical displacement, throw<br />
red nf network, stockwork | crystal structure |<br />
r. alveolar network | r. atómica atomic structure<br />
| r. cristalográfica crystal structure | r. de<br />
fracturas fracture network | r. de iones ionic<br />
structure | r. filoniana stockwork<br />
redenominado,-da adj renamed<br />
redeposición nf redeposition<br />
redepositado,-da adj redeposited, reworked<br />
redepositar vtr to redeposit<br />
redepósito nm redeposition<br />
rediferenciación nf redifferentiation<br />
redoma nf laboratory flask<br />
redondeado,-da adj rounded<br />
redondez nf roundness<br />
redoniense adj Redonian<br />
redoxomórfico,-ca adj redoxomorphic<br />
redruthita nf chalcocite
R-3<br />
reducción nf reduction | r. de escorias slag<br />
fuming (reduction of zinc oxide in lead slag)<br />
reducir vtr [chem] to reduce<br />
reductor,-tora adj reducing | nm reducing<br />
agent, reducer<br />
reemplazamiento nm replacement<br />
reemplazar vtr to replace<br />
reemplazo nm replacement<br />
reentrante adj reentrant | nm reentrant<br />
refinado,da adj refined | r. al fuego fire refined<br />
refinadura nf refining<br />
refinar vtr to refine<br />
refinería nf refinery | r. petrolífera oil refinery<br />
refino nm refinery | refining<br />
reflectancia nf reflectance<br />
reflejado,-ja adj reflected<br />
reflejo,-ja adj reflected | nm fluorescence of<br />
petroleum, "bloom"<br />
reflexión nf reflection | r. fantasma ghost<br />
reflection<br />
reflujo nm ebb tide | reflux<br />
refoga nf [Pe] retort used for vaporizing<br />
mercury from amalgam<br />
refogar vtr [Pe] to retort amalgram<br />
refoliación nf refoliation<br />
reformación nf reformation (petroleum<br />
products)<br />
reformar vtr to reform (petroleum products)<br />
refracción nf refraction | r. de clivaje cleavage<br />
refraction | r. del crucero cleavage refraction | r.<br />
de la esqiustocidad cleavage refraction | r. doble<br />
double refraction<br />
refractar vtr to refract<br />
refractario,-ria adj refractory | nm refraction<br />
refractivo,-va nm refractive<br />
refractometría nf refractometry<br />
refractómetro nm refractometer<br />
refringencia nf refractivity, refringence<br />
refringente adj refringent<br />
refringir vtr to refract<br />
refugiense adj Refugian<br />
regadura nf undercutting, undermining, holing<br />
| undercut<br />
regato nm pool | stream<br />
regatón nm [Col] kind of chopper used in<br />
washing gold<br />
regelación nf regelation<br />
regenerado,-da adj regenerated<br />
regente nm [Bol] mine foreman<br />
región nf region | r. abisal abyssal area | r.<br />
adiabática adiabatic region | r. asísmica aseismic<br />
region | r. de ablación ablation area | r. de<br />
aceptación acceptance region | r. de hundimiento<br />
graben | r. de rechazo rejection region<br />
registración nf [maps] registration<br />
registrar vtr to file, to register (a mining claim)<br />
registro nm record | log | logging | r. acústico<br />
acoustic log | r. de pozo well log | well logging<br />
| r. eléctrico electric log<br />
regla nf rule | pattern | [surv] rod used in<br />
measuring base of triangulation | r. de cálculo<br />
slide rule<br />
reglón nm [surv] vertical measuring rod<br />
regmático,-ca adj regmatic<br />
regola nf undercut<br />
regolita nf regolith<br />
regradación nf regradation<br />
regresión nf [strat, stats] regression | r. lineal<br />
linear regression | r. polinómica polynomial<br />
regression<br />
regresivo,-va adj regressive<br />
reguero nm undercut<br />
regular adj average, usual, normal<br />
rehabilitación nf rehabilitation, reopening (of<br />
mines, workings, etc.)<br />
rejalgar nm realgar<br />
rejilla nf ripple<br />
rejuvenado,-da adj rejuvenated<br />
rejuvenecimiento nm rejuvenation<br />
relación nf ratio, proportion | rate | r. de<br />
actividad activity ratio | r. gas/petróleo gas oil<br />
ratio<br />
relacionado,-da adj allied<br />
relajación nf relaxation<br />
relativo,-va adj relative<br />
relaves nmpl residues remaining after washing<br />
of placer ores | second washing of ore | tails<br />
relece nm [Col] ore left behind in former<br />
workings as unprofitable<br />
relevamiento nm topographic survey<br />
relevar vtr to take topography<br />
relicto,-ta adj relict<br />
relieve nm relief | r. de erosión erosional relief |<br />
r. estructural structural relief | en r. in relief<br />
reliquia nf relict<br />
reliz nm [Méx] wall-rock separating branches of<br />
a vein | bounding plane between wall rock and<br />
ore<br />
reluciente adj clear | [Méx] finely crystalline<br />
(said of galena)<br />
relumbroso,-sa adj shining, glistening<br />
relleno nm filling | filler | backfill (in a mine) |<br />
rellena de fisura fracture filling<br />
remanso nm pool of still water | backwater
R-4<br />
remate nm pinch out, thinning or wedging out.<br />
remoción nf denudation<br />
remolenita nf atacamite<br />
remolino nm whirlpool, eddy, swirl | pocket,<br />
mass or bunch of ore | [Pampa de Nevar, Pe]<br />
supergene ores consisting of native gold and<br />
silver spun together like thread or wire<br />
rendición nf yield<br />
rendimiento nm yield, return | product, output<br />
| daily production rate for oil and/or gas wells<br />
| r. de un pozo yield of a well<br />
rendir vintr to yield | to produce<br />
renglonadura nf ruled lines | nfpl ruling<br />
reniforme adj reniform, kidney-shaped<br />
renio nm rhenium | r.-osmio rhenium-osmium<br />
renta nf income | rent | interest, return | r. neta<br />
de amortización decreciente net income for<br />
depletion allowance | a r. on lease<br />
rentabilidad nf profitability<br />
rentable adj profitable<br />
rentar vtr to yield, produce | to let, rent<br />
reoignimbrita nf rheoignimbrite<br />
reología nf rheology<br />
reológico,-ca adj rheologic<br />
reomórfico,-ca adj rheomorphic<br />
reomorfismo nm rheomorphism<br />
reotropismo nm rheotropism<br />
repacho nm slope<br />
repartamiento nm allotment of mitayos to a mine<br />
or mill<br />
reparto de la demanda nm prorationing<br />
repasiri nm minga employed to mix, ladle and<br />
trod ore in the patio process of amalgamation of<br />
silver ores<br />
repecho nm declivity, slope<br />
repetición nf repeatability<br />
repetido,-da adj repeated<br />
repettiense adj Repettian<br />
réplica de un terremoto nf aftershock.<br />
represa nf dam | r. para colas tailings dam<br />
representación de un registro nf [seis] play back<br />
reproducción nf reproductibility<br />
reptación nf creep | r. del suelo soil creep<br />
reptante adj creeping<br />
requiebro nm crushing of ores after exploitation<br />
| [Almadén, Sp] medium grade mercury ore<br />
resaca nf wave recession, backwash | resaca, a<br />
long narrow, meandering lake in the bed of a<br />
former stream channel<br />
resalto nm rebound<br />
resbaladero nm ore chute<br />
resbalado,-da adj overlapping<br />
resbalamiento nm overlapping<br />
resbalarse vpr to run side-by-side (as for veins)<br />
resbalo nm hill with steep slopes | abrupt slope<br />
resbalón nm overlapping | landslide | fault<br />
rescatador nm private purchaser of ores and<br />
refined metals<br />
rescatar vtr [Méx] to buy ore<br />
rescate nm [Méx] tribute of gold demanded of<br />
native peoples by the conquering Spanish |<br />
private purchase of ore or refined metal<br />
rescatín nm person who buys ore from Indians<br />
in small lots<br />
reseco nm [Santa Eulalia, Méx] lead carbonate<br />
ore<br />
resecuente adj resequent<br />
resedimentación nf resedimentation<br />
resedimentado,-da adj resedimented<br />
reservas nfpl reserves | r. especulativas<br />
speculative reserves | r. hipotética hypothetical<br />
reserves | r. no descubiertos undiscovered<br />
reserves | r. no desarrolladas undeveloped<br />
proven reserves | r. posibles possible reserves |<br />
r. primaria primary reserves | r. probadas proven<br />
reserves | r. real actual reserve. | r. secundaria<br />
secondary reserves | r. suplementarias<br />
supplementary reserves<br />
residuo nm residuum, residue | [math]<br />
remainder | waste from cobbing ore | r. aluvial<br />
alluvium<br />
resiliencia nf resilience<br />
resina nf resin<br />
resinero,-ra adj resin<br />
resinita nf resinite (variety of chalcedony) |<br />
fossil resin | hydrated quartz<br />
resinoide nm resinoid<br />
resinoso,-sa adj resinous, resin<br />
resistencia nf resistence<br />
resistente nm resistant<br />
resistividad nf resistivity | r. aparente apparent<br />
resistivity<br />
resorber vtr to reabsorb<br />
resorberse vpr to be reabsorbed<br />
resorción nf reabsorption, resorption<br />
resorte nm spring<br />
respaldo nm wall of a vein, etc. | country rock<br />
adjacent to a vein, etc. | [Bol] any remnants of<br />
ore in an old working | r. de alto or superior<br />
hanging wall | r. de bajo or superior footwall<br />
resquebrajo nm cracked | dessicated<br />
restinga nf bank, shoal<br />
restingar nmpl shoals<br />
restita nf restite
R-5<br />
resto nm residue<br />
restringido,-da adj restricted<br />
restringir vtr to restrict, limit<br />
resumen nm abstract<br />
resumidero nm [Guerrero, Méx] limestone cave<br />
or cavern<br />
resurgencia nf resurgence<br />
resurgente adj resurgent<br />
retardación nf [cryst] retardation<br />
retención nf retention<br />
retenido,-da adj retained<br />
reticulado,-da adj reticulate, reticulated,<br />
resembling a network | en reticulado.<br />
stockwork<br />
reticular adj net-like<br />
retículo nm lattice<br />
retiano,-na adj Rhaetian<br />
retiense adj Rhaetian<br />
retinasfalto nm retinasphalt<br />
retinita nf retinite | pitchstone<br />
retorta nf retort<br />
retroceso nm recession<br />
retrodiagénesis nf hypergenesis<br />
retrogradación nf retrogradation<br />
retrográdo,-da adj retrograde<br />
retrogresión nf retrogression<br />
retrogresivo,-va adj retrogressive<br />
retrometamorfismo nm retrogressive<br />
metamorphism<br />
retroplaya nf backshore<br />
retuerta nf bend in a river<br />
retziano nm Retzian<br />
revenidero nm rock altered by infiltration of<br />
surface or underground water<br />
revenimiento nm subsidence | cave-in<br />
reventadero nm rough, uneven ground |<br />
outcrop<br />
reventazón nm [Méx] outcrop<br />
reventón nm mass of fine native silver | outcrop<br />
reverberación nf calcination or roasting in a<br />
reverberatory furnace<br />
reverberante adj reverberatory<br />
reverberar vtr to roast (ore)<br />
revisador nm worker who examines ore<br />
separated by miners<br />
revolcar vtr [Bol] to rework (old dumps, etc.)<br />
revoltura nf [Méx] mixing ore with flux for<br />
smelting<br />
rezaga nf ore left in a mine<br />
rezagado,-da adj [Méx] piled up, heaped<br />
rezago nm ore left in a mine | [Bol, Pe] fee paid<br />
to avoid the mita or to avoid having to replace<br />
mitayos or mingas under one's charge who have<br />
fled<br />
rezumir vtr to ooze, exude | to percolate | vintr<br />
to seep, ooze<br />
rezumirse vpr to ooze, seep<br />
rhodaniense adj Rhodanian<br />
ría nf ria, creek | mouth of a river | estuary<br />
riacolita nf sanidine<br />
riachuelo nm rivlet<br />
riazaniense adj Ryazanian<br />
riatillo nm rivlet<br />
ribazo nm mound, hillock, sloping bank<br />
ribera nf river bank (usually steep) | seashore |<br />
r. alta high bank | undercut stope | r. playa flat<br />
bank, slip-off slope<br />
rico,-ca adj rich<br />
riego nm [Col] float derived from a mineral<br />
deposit<br />
riel nm small ingot or bar of metal<br />
rielado,-da adj reduced to ingots<br />
rielera nf ingot mold<br />
riesgo nm risk<br />
rifle nm riffle<br />
rigidez nf rigidity<br />
rimaya nf bergschrund, crevasse<br />
rimero nm heap, pile | string of gads<br />
rimpilita nf rimpylite<br />
rincón nm inside corner | nook | open-ended<br />
basin on a mountain | square-cut recess or<br />
hollow in a cliff or reentrant in the borders of a<br />
palteau or mesa | small secluded valley |<br />
inside bend of a stream<br />
rinkita nf mosandrite<br />
rinkolita nf mosandrite<br />
riñón nm kidney-shaped mass of ore, nodular<br />
ore | wood tin | point at which the ore in a<br />
mine becomes abundant<br />
río nm river | r. ancho stream | r. inadaptado<br />
misfit river<br />
rioandesita nf rhyoandesite<br />
riocristal nm rhyocrystal<br />
riodacita nf rhyodacite<br />
riodiabásico,-ca adj rhyodiabasic<br />
riolita nf rhyolite<br />
riotaxítico,-ca adj rhyotaxitic<br />
ripio nm rubble | spalled rock or ore | small<br />
ores or fines | drill cutting | residue | gravel |<br />
[Col] spalled ore | [Ch] residue left from<br />
evaporating caliche<br />
riqueza nf riches | richness | nfpl wealth | r.<br />
fosilífera fossil content
R-6<br />
risco nm crag, cliff, escarpment | [Méx] bull<br />
quartz | [Villanueva del Río, Sp] country rock<br />
rítmico,-ca adj rhythmic<br />
rítmita nf rythmite<br />
rizadura nf ripple | ripple mark | r. asimétrica<br />
asymmetric ripple | r. conjugada compound<br />
ripple | r. de cauce ripple scour | r. de<br />
interferencia cross ripple | r. de resaca backwash<br />
ripple | r. incompleta star ripple | r. linguloide<br />
cuspate or linguloid ripple | r. regresiva<br />
regressive ripple | r. simétrica symmetric ripple<br />
| r. transversa transverse ripple<br />
robado,-da adj robbed (as for pillars) | [Col]<br />
showing signs of having been worked before<br />
robín nm rust<br />
robusto,-ta adj robust<br />
roca nf rock | r. abisal abyssal rock | r. aborregada<br />
roches moutonées | r. ácida acid rock | r.<br />
alcalina alkaline rock | r. alcalinocálcica<br />
calcalkaline rock | r. almacén reservoir rock | r.<br />
amigdaloide amygdaloid rock | r. amorfa<br />
amorphous rock | r. asquística aschistic rock | r.<br />
autígena authigenic rock | r. básica basic rock |<br />
r. calcárea calcareous rock | r. carbonatada<br />
carbonate rock | r. clástica clastic rock | r. de<br />
anhidrita anhydrock | r. de caja wall rock | r. de<br />
contacto contact metamorphosed rock | r.<br />
cristalina crystalline rock | r. de cubierta cover<br />
rock | r. de espaldos country rock | r. de nabos<br />
laterite | r. del lugar country rock | r. efusiva<br />
extrusive rock| r. encajante wall rock | r.<br />
eruptiva igneous rock | r. esquistosa schistic rock<br />
| r. esteril barren rock | r. estratificada stratified<br />
rock | r. extrusiva extrusive rock | r. filoniana<br />
dike rock | r. fragmentosa clastic rock | r. hialina<br />
volcanic glass | r.-hongo | r. intermediaria<br />
intermediate rock | r. intrusiva intrusive rock |<br />
r. madre gangue | source rock | r. magmática<br />
magmatic rock | r. maleta suitcase rock | r.<br />
metamórfica metamorphic rock | r. muerta<br />
bedrock (placers) | r. pelítica pelitic rock | r.<br />
picada crushed stone | r. plutónica plutonic rock<br />
| r. productiva reservoir rock | r. recipiente<br />
reservoir rock | r. salina evaporite | r.<br />
sedimentaria sedimentary rock | r. silícea silicic<br />
rock | r. superficial volcanic rock | r. vítrea<br />
volcanic glass | r. vecina country rock, wall<br />
rock | r. verde greenstone | r. viva unaltered<br />
rock | r. volcánica volcanic rock | r. zoogena<br />
organic rock<br />
rocalita nf rockallite (obs, alkalic granite)<br />
rocalla nf rubble, talus | stone chippings |<br />
striated pebble<br />
rocalloso,-sa adj rocky, rubbly | stony<br />
rocoso,-sa adj rocky, rubbly | stony<br />
rodado,-da adj round | nm float | gravel<br />
rodesita nf rhodesite<br />
rodio nm rhodium<br />
rodita nf rhodite | diogenite<br />
rodizita nf rhodizite<br />
rodocrosita nf rhodocrosite<br />
rodolita nf rhodolite<br />
rodonita nf rhodonite<br />
rodostannita nf rhodostannite<br />
rodusita nf rhodusite<br />
roedura nf erosion | corrosion, attrition<br />
roela nf round piece of crude gold or silver<br />
roeperita nf roepperite<br />
roer vtr to erode<br />
roeslerita nf roesslerite, rösslerite<br />
rogianita nf roggianite<br />
rojizo,-za adj reddish<br />
rojo,-ja adj red | nm red | r. blanco white heat |<br />
r. cereza cherry red<br />
rombal adj rhombic<br />
rómbico,-ca adj rhombic<br />
rombiforme adj rhombic<br />
rombododecaedro nm rhombic dodecahedron<br />
romboédrico,-ca adj rhombohedral<br />
romboedro nm rhombohedron<br />
romboidal adj rhomboidal, diamond-shaped<br />
romboide nm rhomboid<br />
romboideo,-dea adj rhomboid<br />
rompeolas nm wave breaker, breakwater<br />
rompepiedras nm stone crusher<br />
romper vtr to break, crush | to pierce, penetrate,<br />
break through<br />
rompiente nm breaking | breaker | reef, shoal<br />
rompimiento nm communication between any<br />
two parts of a mine | breaking througj<br />
ronguero nm [Pe] ore carrier who uses a capacho<br />
roqueda nf rocky place<br />
roquedal nm rocky place<br />
roquedo nm crag, rock<br />
roqueño,-ña adj rocky<br />
rosa adj pink | nf rose diamond | rose, rosette |<br />
r. de diaclasas joint rose or rosette<br />
rosado,-da adj pink, rosy, rose-colored<br />
rosario nm chain | en rosario en echelón<br />
roseta nf rosette copper<br />
rosicler nm bright rosy color | ruby silver<br />
(proustite-pyrargyrite) | r. claro proustite | r. de
R-7<br />
cobre cuprite | r. negro stephanite | r. oscuro<br />
pyrargyrite<br />
rosolita nf landerite<br />
rosterita nf vorobyevite<br />
rotación nf rotation<br />
rotacional adj rotational<br />
rotativo,-va adj rotary<br />
rotatorio,-ria adj rotary<br />
rotoinversión nf rotoinversion<br />
rotoreflexión nf rotoreflection<br />
rótulo nm tag<br />
roza nf undercutting | [Cu] land measure of<br />
about 1.2 acres<br />
rozadora nf coal cutting machine<br />
rozadura nf undercut<br />
rozar vtr to undercut, cut away<br />
rubelita nf rubellite (variety of tourmaline)<br />
rúbeo,-bea adj reddish<br />
rubí nm (pl rubíes) ruby | r.balaje balas ruby | r.<br />
de bohemia rose quartz | r. de estaño red<br />
crystalline variety of cassiterite | r. del brasil red<br />
topaz | r. del cabo Cape ruby | r. espinela spinel<br />
ruby | r. estrellado star ruby | r. oriental<br />
corundum. | r. rosado balas ruby<br />
rubial nm [Cartagena, Sp] siliceous, magnesium<br />
bearing partings in iron ore<br />
rubidio nm rubidium | r.-estroncio rubidiumstrontium<br />
rubinblenda nf rubinblende<br />
rubio nm limonite | brown hematite<br />
rubor nm bright red<br />
rugosidad nf rugosity<br />
rugoso,-sa adj rugose, wrinkled<br />
rumbadero nm ore shoot<br />
rumbeador nm [Méx] prospector<br />
rumbo nm strike | direction | r. del buzamiento<br />
dip direction<br />
rumbón nm weathering<br />
runita nf graphic granite<br />
rupeliano,-na adj Rupelian<br />
rupeliense adj Rupelian<br />
ruptura nf rupture | r. de pendiente break in<br />
slope<br />
rusciniense adj Ruscinian.<br />
rutenarsenita nf ruthenarsenite<br />
ruteniridosmina nf rutheniridosmine<br />
rutenio nm ruthenium<br />
rutenosmiridio nm ruthenosmiridium<br />
rutilado,-da adj rutilated<br />
rutilo nm rutile
S-1<br />
S<br />
saaliense adj Saalian<br />
sábado nm a piece of high grade ore, of the sort<br />
that Mexican miners were once permitted to<br />
search for on the mine dumps each Saturday (el<br />
sábado) or might otherwise help themselves to<br />
on any other day of the week<br />
sabana nf savannah | a placer mine located<br />
above water, on the banks of a river<br />
sabanalamar nm [Col] low-lying area frequently<br />
flooded by the sea<br />
sabanazo nm [Col] small stretch of flat land<br />
sabanera nf diorite<br />
sabiniense adj Sabinian<br />
sablón nm coarse sand<br />
sábulo nm fine gravel<br />
sabuloso,-sa adj sandy, gritty, arenaceous,<br />
sabulous, sabulose, sabuline<br />
saca nf extraction, taking out, withdrawl,<br />
removal of ore, etc. | [Bol] drill cuttings<br />
sacador nm sampler | s. de muestras sampler,<br />
sampling device<br />
sacamuestras nfpl sampler, sampling device |<br />
core barrel | s. de fondo bottom sampler | s. de<br />
pared side wall sampler<br />
sacanúcleo nm core barrel | s. de pared wall<br />
sampler<br />
sacar vtr to extract, take out, remove ores, etc.<br />
sacatestigo nm core barrel<br />
saco nm sack | s. de ixtle. sack made from the<br />
fibre of the lechaguilla plant that holds 5 to 6<br />
arrobas of ore | de s. or en s. irregular, sack-like<br />
sacudida nf shaking | s. sísmica earthquake<br />
saetín nm chute, headrace, flume<br />
sagenítico,-ca adj rutilated, sagenitic<br />
saheliano,-na adj Sahelian<br />
saheliense adj Sahelian<br />
sajoniano,-na adj Saxonian<br />
sajónico,-ca adj Saxonian<br />
sajoniense adj Saxonian<br />
sajonita nf saxonite<br />
sakmariense adj Sakmarian<br />
sal nf salt | s. amarga epsomite | s. blanca<br />
washed salt | s. común rock salt, halite | s. de<br />
agua salt crystallized from water | s. de barco<br />
porous, impure rock salt | s. de compás sock salt<br />
| s. de corazón. pure, nonporous salt | s. de<br />
desecho salts such as kieserite, sylvanite,<br />
carnalite, kainite and polyhalite that were once<br />
considered worthless | s. de desescombro beds of<br />
potassium and magnesium salts | s. de garza<br />
rock salt intermediate in purity and porosity<br />
between s. de barca and s. de corazón | s. de<br />
manantiales brine salt | s. de roca rock salt | s. de<br />
tierra impure salt found in dried lake beds | s.<br />
dura salts of the sylvite group, e.g. sylvite,<br />
kieserite and halite | s. gema sock salt, halite |<br />
s. gorda or en grumos clotty salt evaporated from<br />
brine | s. marina sea salt | s. pedrés or piedra<br />
rock salt | s. potásica potassium salt | s.<br />
principal carnalite, kieserite and halite | s. roja<br />
unwashed salt<br />
salacuifer nm saline aquifer<br />
salada nf [US] salt covered plain where a lake<br />
has evaporated<br />
saladar nm salt marsh | pool filled with tide or<br />
flood waters in which salt deposits are formed<br />
by evaporation | dry lake, salar<br />
salado,-da adj saline, salty, salt<br />
salar nm saline lake deposits consisting largely<br />
of evaporites and brines | salt marsh | salt flat<br />
| salting of a mine or prospect<br />
salazón nm [Arg] salinity<br />
salbanda nf thin layer of clay between a vein<br />
and wall-rock, selvage, salband<br />
salero nm salt mine<br />
salfémico,-ca adj salfemic<br />
salíco,-ca adj salic<br />
salida nf outcrop | leak or seep<br />
saliente nm salient<br />
salífero,-ra adj saliferous<br />
salina nf salt mine | salt marsh | salina | salt<br />
pan | salt basin | salt flat | [Arg] salt desert<br />
salinas nfpl salt works | salt marsh<br />
salinero,-ra adj salt | requiring much salt in the<br />
patio process of amalgamation of silver ore |<br />
nm person employed to add salt to ore in the<br />
patio process of amalgamating silver ore<br />
salinidad nf salinity<br />
saliniense adj Salinan<br />
salinización nf salinization<br />
salino,-na adj saline, salty<br />
salinométro nm salinometer<br />
salitrado,-da adj saltpetrous<br />
salitral adj saltpetrous | nm salt deposit |<br />
saltpeter deposit | saltpeter/nitrate works |<br />
salt basin | [Arg] salt marsh, salt steppe<br />
salitre nm salpeter, niter | [Ch] sodium nitrate<br />
salitrera nf salpeter deposit or bed | [Ch]<br />
deposit of sodium nitrate<br />
salitrería nf salpeter or nitrate works<br />
salitrero,-ra adj salpetrous | nm salpeter worker
S-2<br />
salitroso,-sa adj salpetrous<br />
salma nf ton<br />
salmoita nf tarbuttite<br />
salmuera nf brine<br />
salobral adj saline<br />
salobre adj brackish, briny or salty<br />
salobreño,ña adj saline<br />
salobridad nf saltiness, brackishness<br />
salón nm cavern or chamber of ore<br />
saloneo nm [Bol] room with roof supported by<br />
pillars or timbering<br />
salopiense adj Salopian<br />
salsa nf mud volcano<br />
salsedumbre nf salinity<br />
salsima nf salsima, sialsima<br />
saltación nf saltation<br />
saltierra nf impure salt derived from dried lake<br />
beds<br />
salto nm throw of a fault | fault | s. aparente a<br />
younger vein which intersects an older vein at<br />
an acute angle such that it follows the older<br />
vein for a distance | s. de agua waterfall | s.<br />
horizontal horizontal displacement, shift | s.<br />
neto slip | s. vertical vertical displacement,<br />
throw<br />
samario nm samarium | s.-neodimio samariumneodymium<br />
sammita nf psammite<br />
sammítico,-ca adj psammitic<br />
sammogénico,-ca adj psammogenic<br />
sandía nf [NMex] oblong, oval or rounded<br />
mountain resembling a watermelon<br />
saneado,-da adj drained<br />
saneamiento nm drainage<br />
sanear vtr to drain, dry out<br />
sangamoniense adj Sangamonian<br />
sangría nf a tunnel that joins two main shafts<br />
sanguinaria nf bloodstone<br />
sanidina nf sanidine<br />
sannoniano,-na adj Sannonian<br />
sannoniense adj Sannonian<br />
sano nm whole, virgin, unworked ground<br />
santoniano,-na adj Santonian<br />
santoniense adj Santonian<br />
sanukitoide nm orthoandesite<br />
sapantracita nf sapanthracite<br />
saperita nf sapperite<br />
saponita nf soapstone, saponite<br />
saprolítico,-ca adj saprolitic<br />
sapropel nm sapropel<br />
sapropélico,-ca adj sapropelic<br />
sapropelita nf sapropel<br />
saprosammita nf sandy sapropel<br />
sarabiado,-da adj gneissic<br />
sarcopsida nf sarcopside<br />
sardiense adj Sardic<br />
sardio nm sard<br />
sardo nm sard<br />
sardónica nf sard<br />
sardónice nm sardonyx<br />
sardonio nm sardonyx<br />
sardónique nm sardonyx<br />
sardónix nm sardonyx<br />
sarmatiano,-na adj Sarmantian<br />
sarmantiense adj Sarmantian<br />
sarro nm scale, incrustation<br />
sarroso,-sa adj scaley, incrusted<br />
sasasa nf [Vz] a local variety of sandstone<br />
sassolina nf sassolite<br />
satelita nf satelite, fibrous serpentine<br />
saturación nf saturation | s. pendular pendular<br />
water saturation<br />
saturado,-da adj saturated<br />
saturar vtr to saturate<br />
saucesiense adj Saucesian<br />
saukovita nf metacinnabar<br />
saussuritización nf saussuritization<br />
scachita nf scacchite<br />
scytiano,-na adj Scythian<br />
scytiense adj Scythian<br />
schapbachita nf matildite<br />
scheibeita nf phoenicochroite<br />
schoenita nf picromerite<br />
secano nm sand bar<br />
secas nfpl refined silver<br />
sección nf section | s. delgada thin section | s.<br />
longitudinal longitudinal section | s. pulimentada<br />
polished section | s. transversal cross section<br />
secadal nm moorland<br />
secreción nf secretion | segregation<br />
sectil adj sectile<br />
secron nm sechron<br />
sector nm section, part, sector | area, zone<br />
secuaniano,-na adj Sequanian<br />
secuaniense adj Sequanian<br />
secuencia nf sequence | s. estratigráfica<br />
sedimentary sequence<br />
secundario,-ria adj secondary | supergene | nm<br />
Mesozoic<br />
sedentario,-ria adj sedentary<br />
sediflucción nf sedifluction<br />
sedimentación nf sedimentation | s. euxina<br />
euxenic sedimentation<br />
sedimentar nf to aggrade, sediment
S-3<br />
sedimentario,-ria adj sedimentary<br />
sedimento nm sediment, deposit | s. abisal<br />
pelagic sediment | s. anemógeno aeolian<br />
sediment | s. clástico clastic sediment | s. de mar<br />
profundo pelagic sediment | s. efestógeno<br />
volcaniclastic sediment | s. eólico aeolian<br />
sediment | s. biógeno organic sediment | s.<br />
clástico clastic sediment | s. criógeno glacial<br />
sediment | s. eólico aeolian sediment | s.<br />
eupelágico | s. fluvial fluvial sediment | s.<br />
hemipelágico hemipelagic deposit | s. límnico<br />
lacustrine sediment | s. litoral coastal sediment<br />
| s. marino marine sediment | s. mecánico<br />
mechanical sediment | s. orgánico organic<br />
sediment | s. organógeno organic sediment | s.<br />
pelágico pelagic deposit | s. químico chemical<br />
sediment<br />
sedimentos nmpl drill cuttings<br />
sedimentología nf sedimentology<br />
sedimentorio nm sedimentation<br />
sedoso,-sa adj silky<br />
seelandiense adj Seelandian<br />
seficidad nf psephicity<br />
sefita nf sudite, psephite<br />
sefítico,-ca adj psephitic<br />
segmentación nf segmentation<br />
segmentado,-da adj segmented<br />
segmento nm segment<br />
segregación nf segregation<br />
segregado,-da adj segregated<br />
segullo nm overburden on a gold mine<br />
segundo nm second<br />
seísmo nm earthquake, seism<br />
selección nf selection, sorting | s. a mano hand<br />
sorting<br />
seleccionado,-da adj sorted, selected<br />
selectivo,-va adj selective<br />
selenio nm selenium<br />
selenato nm selenate<br />
selenida nf selenide<br />
selenita nf selenite<br />
selen-telurio nm selen-tellurium<br />
semialto nm [Tepezala, Aguascalientes, Méx]<br />
furnace used for smelting copper ore<br />
semiantracita nf semianthracite<br />
semibituminoso,-sa adj semibituminous<br />
semicratónico,-ca adj quasicratonic<br />
semicristalino,-na adj hyalocrystalline<br />
senda nf foot trail, path<br />
senecaniense adj Senecan<br />
senectud nf senescence<br />
senescente adj senescent<br />
senil adj senile (erosion)<br />
senilidad nf senility (erosion)<br />
seno nm trough<br />
senoniano,-na adj Senonian<br />
senoniense adj Senonian<br />
sensitividad nf sensitivity<br />
sentarse en vpr to intersect, as in a shaft<br />
intersecting a vein<br />
sentazón nm rock slide or landslide<br />
sentido nm sense or direction of throw on a fault<br />
señoraje nm royalty paid to the crown or state<br />
señorial nm [Huancavelica, Pe] smelter tolls<br />
paid to owners of pachamanca furnaces<br />
separación nf sorting or classification of ore |<br />
separation | parting<br />
separar vtr to sort or classify ore<br />
separata nf reprint<br />
sepé nm [Col] layer of iron stained clay found<br />
above auriferous gravels<br />
separador nm separator | s. de gas gas separator<br />
septentrional nm vein having a north-south<br />
trend<br />
séptima nf one seventh of the able-bodied work<br />
force of an Indian community drawn for<br />
service in the mita<br />
sequaniense adj Sequanian<br />
ser un oral v. intr. [Col] to be a rich mine<br />
sericítico,-ca adj sericitic<br />
sericitización nf sericitization<br />
serie nf series | s. calco-alcalina calc-alkaline<br />
series | s. isoquímica isochemical series | s.<br />
ordenada ordered series | s. petrolífera oilbearing<br />
series or strata<br />
serir nm serir, stony desert<br />
serpenteado,-da adj having a serpentine or<br />
highly variable strike or trend (veins)<br />
serpentina nf serpentine | s. fibrosa crysotile | s.<br />
hojosa antigorite<br />
serpentinización nf sepentinization<br />
serpofita nf serpophita<br />
serrado,-da adj serrate, serrated<br />
serranía nf ridge<br />
serravalliense adj Serravallian<br />
sesgadura nf shearing<br />
sesgo,-ga adj biased | nm bias | sin s. unbiased<br />
sesgoconglomerado nm edgewise structure<br />
seudoautunita nf pseudoautunite<br />
seudoboleita nf pseudoboleite<br />
seudobomba nf lava ball<br />
seudobrecha nf pseudobreccia<br />
seudobrookita nf pseudobrookite<br />
seudocapa nf pseudobed
S-4<br />
seudocarst nm pseudokarst<br />
seudocirco nm pseudocirque<br />
seudoclorita nf pseudochlorite<br />
seudoconcreción nf pseudoconcretion<br />
seudoconglomerado nm pseudoconglomerate<br />
seudocotunita nf pseudocotunnite<br />
seudocrisolita nf pseudochrysolite<br />
seudocrital nm pseudocrystal<br />
seudo-difusión nf pseudo-diffusion<br />
seudofalla nf pseudofault<br />
seudofenocristo nm pseudophenocryst<br />
seudofibroso,-sa adj pseudofibrous<br />
seudofita nf pseudophite<br />
seudofósil nm pseudofossil<br />
seudogalena nf sphalerite<br />
seudogradacional adj pseudogradational<br />
seudolaguna nf pseudolagoon<br />
seudolaueita nf pseudolaueite<br />
seudoleucita nf pseudoleucite<br />
seudomalaquita nf pseudomalachite<br />
seudomatriz nf pseudomatrix<br />
seudomicrita nf pseudomicrite<br />
seudomicrosparita nf pseudomicrosparite<br />
seudomonoclínico,-ca adj pseudomonoclinic<br />
seudomontaña nf pseudomountain<br />
seudomórfico,-ca adj pseudomorphic<br />
seudomorfismo nm pseudomorphism<br />
seudomorfo nm pseudomorph<br />
seudonódulo nm pseudonodule<br />
seudo-ofítico,-ca adj pseudo-ophitic<br />
seudo-oolito nm pseudo-oolith<br />
seudoporfirítico,-ca adj pseudoporphyritic<br />
seudoporfiroblástico,-ca adj<br />
pseudoporphyroblastic<br />
seudosefita nf peudobreccia,<br />
pseudoconglomerate<br />
seudorutilo nm pseudorutile<br />
seudosecundario,-ria adj pseudosecondary<br />
seudosparita nf pseudosparite<br />
seudostratificación nf pseudostratification<br />
seudosimetría nf pseudosymmetry<br />
seudotaquilita nf pseudotachylite<br />
seudovitrinita nf pseudovitrinite<br />
seudovitrinoide nm pseudovitrinoid<br />
seudovolcán nm pseudovolcano<br />
seudowavellita nf crandallite<br />
sial nm sial, upper crust, sal, granitic layer<br />
siálico,-ca adj sialic<br />
sialita nf sialite, clay mineral<br />
siallítico,-ca adj siallitic<br />
siciliense adj Sicilian<br />
siderazote nm siderazot<br />
siderodote nm siderodot (var siderite)<br />
siderofilita nf siderophyllite<br />
siderófilo,-la adj siderophile<br />
siderófiro nm siderophyre<br />
siderolito nm aerosiderite<br />
sideroso,-sa adj siderose | nf siderite<br />
siderosfera nf siderosphere, inner core<br />
siderotilo nm siderotil<br />
sidurgia nf iron and steel industry<br />
siderúrgico,-ca adj iron and steel<br />
siegeniano,-na adj Siegenian<br />
siegeniense adj Siegenian<br />
sienido,-da adj syenide<br />
sienita nf syenite<br />
sienitoide nm syenitoide<br />
sienodiorita nf syenodiorite<br />
sienogabro nm syenogabbro<br />
sierra nf mountain range | ridge<br />
sierranita nf sierranite<br />
siferna nf siferna, sima<br />
sigmoideo,-dea adj sigmoid, sigmoidal<br />
sil nm yellow ochre<br />
silcreta nf silcrete<br />
silesiense adj Silesian<br />
sílex nm flint, silex, chert | silica<br />
silexita nf quartzolite, silexite | chert<br />
silhidrita nf silhydrite<br />
silicación nf silication<br />
silicado,-da adj silicated<br />
silicalita nf silicalite<br />
silicato nm silicate | s. aislado nesosilicate | s. de<br />
aluminio aluminosilicate | s. en andamiaje<br />
tectosilicate | s. en anillo ring silicate,<br />
cyclosilicate | s. en cadena chain silicate,<br />
inosilicate | s. en grupo sorosilicate | s. en hoja<br />
phyllosilicate<br />
sílice nf silica<br />
silíceo,-cea adj siliceous<br />
siliciclástico,-ca adj siliciclastic<br />
silícico,-ca adj silicic<br />
silicificación nf silicification<br />
silcificado,-da adj silicified<br />
silicificar vtr to silicify<br />
silicilíto nm silicilith<br />
silicinato,-ta adj silicinate<br />
silicio nm silicon<br />
siliciofita nf siliciophite<br />
silicoso,-sa adj siliceous<br />
silicotélico,-ca adj telehemic<br />
silificación nf silicification<br />
silo nm sill<br />
silomelana nf psilomelane
S-5<br />
siluriano,-na adj Silurian | nm Silurian<br />
silúrico,-ca adj Silurian | nm Silurian<br />
silvanita nf sylvanite<br />
silvina nf sylvite<br />
silvinita nf sylvinite (mixture of halite and<br />
sylvite)<br />
silvita nf sylvite<br />
silla nf saddle, as in a vein, fold, etc.<br />
sillar nm sillar | nonwelded ash-flow tuff<br />
sillería nf ashlar stone<br />
sillina nf [Pe] sulfur<br />
sima nf sima, intermediate layer, basaltic layer |<br />
chasm, abyss, cavern<br />
simático,-ca adj simatic<br />
simetría nf symmetry<br />
simétrico,-ca adj symmetric, symmetrical<br />
simictita nf symmictite | diamictite<br />
simpléctico,-ca adj symplectic<br />
simplectita nf symplectite<br />
simplesita nf symplesite<br />
sinadelfita nf synadelphite<br />
sinantéctico,-ca adj synantectic<br />
sinclinal adj synclinal | nm syncline | s. acostado<br />
recumbant syncline. | s. asimétrico asymmetric<br />
syncline | s. recostado recumbant syncline | s.<br />
recumbente recumbant syncline | s. simétrico<br />
symmetric syncline | s. volcado overturned<br />
syncline<br />
sinclinorio nm synclinorium<br />
sincroneidad nf synchroneity<br />
sincrónico,-ca adj synchronous<br />
sinchisita nf synchysite<br />
sindeposición nf syndeposition<br />
sindeposicional adj syndepositional<br />
sineclisa nf synclise<br />
sinemuriano,-na adj Sinemurian<br />
sinemuriense adj Sinemurian<br />
sinforma nf synform<br />
singénesis nf syngenesis<br />
singenético,-ca adj syngenetic<br />
singonia cristalográfica nf crystallization system<br />
siniense adj sinian, siphean<br />
siniestro,-tra adj sinistral<br />
sinkinemático,-ca adj synkinematic<br />
sinópal nm sinople<br />
sinorogénico,-ca adj synorogenic<br />
sintectónico,-ca adj syntectonic<br />
sinsedimentario nm synsedimentary<br />
sintáctico,-ca adj syntactic<br />
sintéctico,-ca adj syntectic<br />
sintectita nf syntectite<br />
sintectónico,-ca adj syntectonic<br />
síntesis nm synthesis<br />
sintético,-ca adj synthetic<br />
sirca nf [Ch] vein<br />
sircar vtr [Ch] to strip overburden from a vein<br />
sismicidad nf seismicity<br />
sísmico,-ca adj seismic | nf seismic | s. aplicada<br />
seismic reccording<br />
sismita nf seismite<br />
sísmo nm earthquake | s. cercano nearby<br />
earthquake | s. de dislocación tectonic<br />
earthquake | s. distante distant earthquake | s.<br />
final aftershock | s. lejano distant earthquake |<br />
s. local nearby earthquake | s. preliminar<br />
foreshock | s. precursor foreshock | s. principal<br />
main shock | s. tectónico tectonic earthquake |<br />
s. volcánico volcanic earthquake<br />
sismoescopo nm seismoscope<br />
sismógrafo nm seismograph | s. de relexión<br />
reflection seismograph | s. de refracción<br />
refraction seismograph | s. sintético synthetic<br />
seismograph<br />
sismograma nm seismogram<br />
sismología nf seismology<br />
sismometría nf seismometry<br />
sismómetro nm seismometer<br />
sismondina nf sismondine<br />
sistema nm system | process | s. cantera<br />
quarrying | s. cristalino crystal system | s. de<br />
fallas fault system | s. de paradas [Ch] recovery<br />
of sodium nitrate by evaporating caliche in an<br />
iron caldron | [seis] s. de tiro shooting system |<br />
s. digitalizador digitizer | s. hidrográfico river<br />
system<br />
sistemático,-ca adj systematic<br />
sitaparita nf bixbyite<br />
sitio nm location, site | s. de labor [Méx] a land<br />
measure of 5,000 varas square | s. de ganado<br />
mayor an area of land 5,000 varas 1 league<br />
square | s. de ganado menor an area of land 3,333<br />
varas square<br />
situación nf location, site | s. de sondeo well site<br />
or location<br />
situadista nm worker employed to transport<br />
situados<br />
situados nmpl payments in silver from silver<br />
mines to the Spanish royal exchequer (often<br />
incorrectly applied to all silver shipments from<br />
South America)<br />
situar vtr to locate<br />
skiddaviano,-na adj Skiddavian<br />
skiddaviense adj Skiddavian<br />
skytiense adj Skythian
S-6<br />
smirnovita nf thorutite<br />
smithiense adj Smithian<br />
sobrecapa nf overburden<br />
sobreconsolidación nf overconsolidation<br />
sobreempuje adj overthrust<br />
sobreescurrimiento nm overthrust<br />
sobreexcavación nf overexcavation<br />
sobreguía nf intermediate level (in a mine)<br />
sobreimposición nf superimposition<br />
sobreplegamiento nm overfold<br />
sobreponer vtr to overlap<br />
sobreposición nf overlap<br />
sobrepuesto,-ta adj superimposed, overlapping<br />
sobrerrajado nm [Bol] overbreak<br />
sobresabana nf alluvial deposit<br />
sobresaliente adj overhanging, projecting<br />
sobresalir vtr to overhang, project, jut out<br />
sobresaturación nf oversaturation<br />
sobresaturado,-da adj oversaturated<br />
sobresaturar vtr to oversaturate<br />
sobrevega nf [PR] highest part of a low-lying<br />
area<br />
sobreyacente adj overlying<br />
sócalo nm basemant<br />
socava nf undermining<br />
socavación nf undermining<br />
socavadora nm undercutter<br />
socavamiento nm undermining<br />
socavar vtr to undermine, undercut, dig under<br />
socavón. nm excavation | gallery, tunnel, adit |<br />
subsidence | s. de cateo prospecting adit | s. de<br />
desagüe drainage adit, drainage tunnel<br />
socavonero nm worker who drives a tunnel or<br />
gallery<br />
socaz nm tailrace<br />
socio,-ia adj companion, associated<br />
socorro nm assistance, aid | s. voluntario [Pe]<br />
forced labor in mines abolished in 1812<br />
sodaclaso nm albite<br />
sodalitita nf sodalithite | sodalitite<br />
sódico,-ca adj sodic<br />
sodio nm sodium<br />
sofocado,-da adj abandoned on account of<br />
flooding (mines)<br />
sofocarse vpr to flood<br />
sol nm sun | [Potosí, Bol] the eastern side of<br />
Cerro Rico de Potosí<br />
solapado,-da adj overlapped, overlapping<br />
solapar vtr to overlap<br />
soldadura nf coalescence | fusion<br />
soldarse vpr to coalesce<br />
solera negra or solera pobre nf [Almadén, Sp]<br />
sandstone impregnated with cinnabar<br />
soleta nf clay or shale parting found in coal<br />
seams<br />
solevamiento nm uplift<br />
solevantamiento nm uplift<br />
solfatárico,-ca adj solfataric<br />
solidificación nf solidification<br />
sólido,-da adj solid<br />
soliflucción nf solifluction<br />
soligénuoso,-sa adj soligenuos<br />
solubilidad nf solubility<br />
solución nf solution | s. hidrotermal<br />
hydrothermal solution | s. molar molar solution<br />
| s. sólido solid solution<br />
solvación nf solvation<br />
solvente nm solvent<br />
sombra nf grayish tinge exhibited by some ores<br />
| de s. [Col] horizontal, bedded, manto-like<br />
sombrero de alteración nm gossan<br />
sombrio nm [Potosí, Bol] the western side of the<br />
Cerro Rico de Potosí<br />
somero,-ra adj shallow<br />
sonar nm sonar | s. de superficie surface sonar<br />
sonda nf sonde | drill | s. caliza limestone sonde<br />
| s. de cable cable drill | s. de corona core drill |<br />
s. de cuchara earth auger | s. de diamantes<br />
diamond drill | s. de núcleo core drill | s. de<br />
prospección prospecting drill | s. de rotación<br />
rotary drill | s. de tierra earth auger<br />
sondador nm echo sounder<br />
sondaje nm boring, drilling | sounding | s. a<br />
diamante diamond drilling | s. con corazón core<br />
drilling | s. de exploración test drilling | s. de<br />
testigo core drilling<br />
sondar vtr to drill, bore | to take soundings<br />
sondear vtr to drill, bore | to investigate or<br />
explore ground | to take soundings<br />
sondeo nm drilling, boring | sounding | s. a la<br />
granalla adamantine shot drilling | s. ascendente<br />
upward hole | s. desviado deviated hole | s.<br />
estratigráfico core drilling | s. marino offshore<br />
drilling | s. oblicuo drilling at an angle | s. por<br />
aire air drilling<br />
soníco,-ca adj sonic<br />
sonógrafo nm sonograph<br />
sonrosado,-da adj rosy, pink<br />
soplado nm deep fissure | open pocket in a vein,<br />
generally lined by druse | alluvium poor in<br />
gold<br />
sorbencia nf seepage<br />
sordawalita nf tachylyte
S-7<br />
soroche nm argentiferous lead ore, usually<br />
galena | s. plomoso lead carbonate | s. reluciente<br />
argentiferous galena<br />
soroque nm gangue, matrix<br />
sorosilicato nm sorosilicate<br />
sosa nf soda ash | natrona<br />
sótano nm [Méx] vertical cave<br />
sotavento,-ta adj leeward, lee<br />
soterrado,-da adj buried, underground, blind<br />
soterraño,-ña adj subterranean, underground<br />
sotlanque nm calcopyrite<br />
sotominero nm subforeman (in a mine)<br />
Southern nfpr [Pe] "La Southern", the Southern<br />
Peru Copper Corporation<br />
soyota nf Mineralized vug or cavity<br />
sparnaciense adj Sparnacian<br />
spatiense adj Spathian<br />
spencita nf tridymite-(Y)<br />
staffordiense adj Staffordian<br />
stampiense adj Stampian<br />
stefaniense adj Stephanian<br />
sterrettita nf kolbeckite<br />
stipoverita nf stishovite<br />
struniense adj Strunian<br />
styriense adj Styrian<br />
suavizado,-da adj smoothed<br />
subactivo,-va adj subactive<br />
subacuático,-ca adj underwater, subaquatic<br />
subácueo,-cuea adj underwater<br />
subafloramiento nm subcrop<br />
subalcálico,-ca adj subalkalic<br />
subalcalino,-na adj subalkaline<br />
subaluvial adj suballuvial<br />
subalpino,-na adj subalpine, montane<br />
subaluminoso,-sa adj subaluminous<br />
subarkosa nf subarkose<br />
subarkósico,-ca adj subarkosic<br />
subarriendo nm sublease<br />
subartesiano,-na adj subartesian<br />
subautomórfico,-ca adj subautomorphic<br />
sub-bentonita nf metabentonite<br />
sub-bituminoso,-sa adj sub-bituminous.<br />
subclase nm subclass<br />
subconsecuente adj subconsequent<br />
subcontinento nm subcontinent<br />
subcortical adj subcrustal<br />
subcuenca nf sub-basin<br />
subdiabásico,-ca adj subdiabasic<br />
subdrenaje nm subdrainage<br />
subducción nf subduction<br />
subestrato nf sole | substratum<br />
subetapa nf substage<br />
subfábrico nm subfabric<br />
subfelspático,-ca adj subfeldspathic<br />
subfillarenita nf subphyllarenite<br />
subfluvial adj underriver<br />
subfósil nm subfossil<br />
subgrafíta nf metagraphite<br />
subgrauwacke nm subgreywacke<br />
subgrupo nm [strat] subgroup<br />
subhedrón nm subhedron<br />
subherciniense adj Subhercynian<br />
subhorizonte nm substratum<br />
subidiomórfico,-ca adj hypidiomorphic,<br />
subautomorphic<br />
subjacente adj subjacent<br />
sublacustre adj sublacustrine<br />
sublevación nf uplift<br />
sublimación nf sublimation<br />
sublimado nm sublimate | s. amarillo orpiment |<br />
s. rojo realgar<br />
sublimar vtr to sublimate<br />
sublitarenita nf sublitharenite<br />
sublitoral adj sublittoral, neritic<br />
sublitwacke nm sublithwacke<br />
submarino,-na adj submarine<br />
submaturado,-da adj submature<br />
submetálico,-ca adj submetallic<br />
submuestreo nm subsampling<br />
subofítico,-ca adj subophitic<br />
subperíodo nm subperiod<br />
subpresión nf underpressure<br />
subproducto nm byproduct<br />
subrampa nf subincline (in a mine)<br />
subrosión nf subrosion<br />
subsaturación nf subsaturation<br />
subsaturado,-da adj subsaturated<br />
subsaturar vtr to subsaturate<br />
subsecuente adj subsequent<br />
subsidencia nf subsidence<br />
subsidiario,-ria adj subsidiary<br />
substancia nf substance<br />
susbstitución nf substitution | s. metasomática<br />
metasomatism<br />
substituto nm substitute<br />
substrato nm substratum<br />
subsuelo nm subsoil | subsurface<br />
subterráneo,-nea adj subsurface, underground<br />
subterrano nm subterrane<br />
subvolcán nm subvolcano<br />
subvolcanico,-ca adj subvolcanic<br />
subyacente adj underlying<br />
succino nm amber<br />
succión nf subduction
S-8<br />
sucesión nf succession<br />
sudetíco,-ca adj Sudetic<br />
suelo nm soil, land | ground | surface<br />
suelto,-ta adj loose, unconsolidated<br />
suelto nm loose piece of ore<br />
sulfate nm [Tetala de Oro, Puebla, Méx]<br />
aluminous clay containing iron sulfates<br />
sulfatita nf sulphatite<br />
sulfato nm sulfate | s. bárico barite | s. de calcio<br />
gypsum | s. de plomo anglesite | s. pesado barite<br />
| s. sódico mirabilite<br />
sulfidización nf sulfurization<br />
sulfito nm sulfite<br />
sulfofilo,-la adj sulphophile<br />
sulfosale nm sulfosalt<br />
sulfurado,-da adj sulfuretted<br />
sulfúrico,-ca adj sulfuric<br />
sulfurización nf sulfurization<br />
sulfuro nm sulfide or sulfide ore | s. de cadmio<br />
greenockite | s. de cobre chalcocite | s. de plomo<br />
galena | s. rojo. realgar | sulfuros en masa<br />
massive sulfides<br />
sulfuroso,-sa adj sulfurous | sour<br />
suma nf addition<br />
sumergido,-da adj submerged<br />
sumergimiento nm submergence<br />
sumergir vtr to submerge<br />
sumersión nf submersion<br />
sumidero nm [PR] sinkhole<br />
sumir vtr to submerge<br />
sundtita nf andorite<br />
superantracita nf superanthracite<br />
superetapa nf superstage<br />
superficial adj superficial<br />
superficie nf surface | area, extent | acreage |<br />
de s. surface | en s. at the surface | s. de<br />
deslizamiento translation plane or surface |<br />
slickenslide | s. de equilibrio isostatic<br />
equilibrium surface | s. de erosión erosion<br />
surface | s. de estratificación bedding surface,<br />
bedding plane.| s. de fracturacción fracture<br />
plane, fault plane | s. lístrica listric surface<br />
superficies-s nfpl s-surface<br />
superfluente adj superfluent<br />
supergénico,-ca adj supergene<br />
supergrupo nm supergroup<br />
superior adj upper<br />
superparamagnetismo nm superparamagnetism<br />
superperiodicidad nf superperiodicity<br />
superplasticidad nf superplasticity<br />
superponer vtr to superpose, superimpose<br />
superposición nf superposition | s. discordante<br />
overstep | s. transgresiva onlap<br />
superpresión nf overpressure<br />
superpuesto,-ta adj superimposed,<br />
supplementary | nm overlap<br />
supersaturación nf supersaturation<br />
supersaturado,-da adj supersaturated<br />
supersaturar vtr to supersaturate<br />
superserie nf superseries<br />
supersistema nm supersystem<br />
suplementario,-ria adj subsidiary<br />
supralitoral adj supralittoral, supratidal<br />
surcamiento nm furrowing<br />
surco nm groove, furrow | sill | s. de alud<br />
avalanche scar | s. de erosión erosion groove | s.<br />
de escurrimiento sill mark | s. glaciárico<br />
discontinuo jumping gouge<br />
surgencia nf upwelling<br />
surtido,-da adj sorted | nm sorting<br />
susceptibilidad nf susceptibility<br />
suspendido,-da adj suspended<br />
suspensoide nm suspensoid<br />
sustancia nf substance<br />
sustitución nf substitution<br />
sutura nf suture<br />
suturado,-da adj sutured
T-1<br />
T<br />
tabaire nm a variety of soft limestone used for<br />
masonry<br />
tabianiense adj Tabianian.<br />
tabique nm [Méx] 'horse' of rock in a vein,<br />
unmineralized rock separating bands of ore<br />
tabla nf slab (of rock) | table, list | side of a vein<br />
| t. de alto hanging wall | t. de bajo footwall<br />
tablazo nm mesa | flat stretch of a river<br />
tablero nm [Sp] slab | t. digitalizador digitizing<br />
tablet<br />
tablero de comprobación nm map showing<br />
allocation of exploration permits<br />
tacana nf silver ore | [Pe] argentite<br />
tacano nm ore rich in silver<br />
tacónico,-ca adj Taconic<br />
taconiense adj Taconian<br />
tacos nmpl [Méx] stones at the bottom of an<br />
arrastre<br />
tafrogénesis nf taphrogenesis<br />
tafrogenía nf taphrogeny.<br />
tafrogénico,-ca adj taphrogenic<br />
tafrogeosinclinal nm taphrogeosyncline<br />
tafrolito nm taphrolith<br />
taghanicano,-na adj Taghanican<br />
tagilita nf pseudomalachite<br />
tahona nf [Méx] variety of arrastre driven by a<br />
water wheel, spoon arrastre<br />
tahonero nm [Méx] worker in charge of a tahona<br />
tahúlla nf land measure used in southeast Spain<br />
(1 tahúlla = 11.18 ares = 0.28 acres)<br />
tajadera nf cold chisel | [Aragón, Sp] sluice-gate<br />
tajado nm slicing (in mining)<br />
tajamar nm [Arg] basin<br />
tajear vtr [Pe] to stope<br />
tajeo nm [Pe] stoping<br />
tajerías nfpl [Isla San Fernando, Sp] salt-water<br />
evaporation ponds<br />
tajo nm cut, opening, excavation, trench |<br />
working face or cut | t. abierto open cut, open<br />
pit | t. ascendente ascending cut | t. descendente<br />
descending cut | t. descubierto open cut | t. recto<br />
cut perpendicular to a gallery | a t. abierto<br />
open-cutting or open-pitting<br />
tajón nm [Andalusia, Sp] calcareous vein from<br />
which lime is extracted<br />
talacha nf [Méx] pickaxe, pick, mattock<br />
taladrador,-ora adj drilling, boring or piercing |<br />
nm driller<br />
taladradora nf drill<br />
taladrar vtr to drill or bore | to perforate<br />
taladro nm drill or auger | drill or borehole |<br />
drill bit | t. anular core drill | t. de alma core<br />
drill | t. de diamantes diamond drill | t. de<br />
rotación rotary drill | t. de tierra earth auger | t.<br />
explorador prospecting drill | t. testigo [PR] core<br />
drill<br />
talasocracia nf period in which the earth's<br />
oceans covered most of the continents<br />
talasocrático,-ca adj charactarized by ocean high<br />
stand<br />
talasogénesis nf epirogenic processes that form<br />
ocean basins<br />
talcita nf talcite | damourite<br />
talco nm talc<br />
talcoide nm talcoid<br />
talcoso,-sa adj talcose, talcous<br />
talio nm thallium<br />
talmesita nf arsenate-belovite<br />
talpetate nm talpatate, caliche | [CAm]<br />
limestone<br />
talquita nm talc schist<br />
talud nm talus, slope | t. continental continental<br />
slope | t. de derrubios de ladera talus pile | t. de<br />
reposo natural slope, slope of repose | t. de ribera<br />
floodplain | t. detrítico talus | t. litoral litoral<br />
plain | t. recifal reef talus<br />
taludar vtr to slope<br />
talweg nm thalweg<br />
talla nf cutting of precious stones | cutting or<br />
dressing of stone | working face where rock is<br />
being cut<br />
tallado,-da adj cut, dressed (stones)<br />
tallado nm cutting, dressing (stone, gems, etc.)<br />
tallar vtr to cut precious stones | to quarry | t.<br />
en facetas to facet<br />
taller nm workshop of the kind where things are<br />
actually made and/or repaired. | Mill.<br />
tamaño nm size | dimensions | volume,<br />
capacity<br />
tambeo nm [Bol] large open stope<br />
tamiz nm sieve, sifter, usually mechanical |<br />
pasar por el t. to screen, sift<br />
tamizar vtr to sift, sieve, or screen<br />
tampón nm [chem] buffer<br />
tanda nf layer | series | work-shift | amount of<br />
work done (i.e. ore mined, distance drifted)<br />
during a work-shift | tour of duty in the mita |<br />
work gang | [pet] run<br />
taneciano,-na adj Thanetian<br />
taneciense adj Thanetian<br />
tangeita nf calciovolborthite
T-2<br />
tangencial adj tangential<br />
tangente adj tangent | nf tangent<br />
tantalio nm tantalum<br />
tántalo nm tantalum<br />
tantear vtr to work out roughly, estimate | to<br />
size-up, measure | to try out, test | to examine,<br />
study a project or proposal<br />
tanteo nm rough estimate | test | approximate<br />
calculation<br />
tapa nf hanging-wall, roof | coffer-dam used in<br />
placer mining<br />
tapado,-da adj concealed, covered up, blind<br />
tapado nm buried treasure<br />
tapar vtr to conceal, cover, cover-up<br />
tapón nf plug | coffer-dam used in placer<br />
mining | t. volcánico volcanic plug or pipe<br />
taponar vtr to construct a coffer-dam in order to<br />
work placers<br />
taqueo nm [Bol] a caved shaft | shaft or working<br />
backfilled with waste or low-grade ore<br />
taquihidrita nf tachyhydrite<br />
taquilita nf tachylite<br />
taquimetría nf tachymetry, stadia survey<br />
taquimétro nm tachymeter, stadia<br />
taquisismo nm rapid differential movement of<br />
the lithosphere<br />
tardiglacial nm a glacial stage<br />
tarea nf a certain quantity of ore, drifting, etc. set<br />
out as a task to be performed in a single work<br />
shift | [Bol] a job or task perfomed by contract<br />
[Sto Dgo] a measure of area of about 0.1565<br />
acres<br />
tartariense adj Tartarian<br />
tasa nf appraisal, valuation | tax | limit on<br />
expenditures or outlays | rate | t. de sondeo<br />
sampling rate<br />
tasación nf appraisal, valuation | calculation<br />
tasar vtr to appraise, value | to tax | to regulate,<br />
fix or ration<br />
tascina nf naumannite<br />
tasco nm cupel or crucible | variety of fireclay<br />
tasconio nm an argillaceous earth used to make<br />
crucibles<br />
tases nmpl [Méx] ore calcined in open air heaps<br />
tavistockita nf carbonate-apatite<br />
taylorense adj Tayloran<br />
tecacolote nm [Guerrero, Méx] an aluminous<br />
slate<br />
tecalí nm a variety of alabaster, 'Mexican<br />
alabaster', 'Mexican marble' or 'Mexican onyx'<br />
tecnecio nm technetium<br />
tecoral nm [Huitzuco, Méx] waste rock<br />
tecozahuitl nm yellow ochre<br />
tecpatl nm flint, hornstone, green jade<br />
tectita nf tektite<br />
tectoclino nm geotectocline<br />
tectoestratigráfico,-ca adj tectostratigraphic<br />
tectogénesis nf tectonics, tectogenesis<br />
tectógeno nm tectogene<br />
tectónico,-ca adj tectonic | nf tectonics | t. de<br />
placas plate tectonics | t. salina salt tectonics<br />
tectonismo nm diastrophism<br />
tectonita nf tectonite<br />
tectonización nf tectonization<br />
tectonofísica nf tectonophysics<br />
tectonosfera nf tectonosphere<br />
tectosecuente adj tectosequent<br />
tectosfera nf tectosphere<br />
tectosilicato nm tectosilicate<br />
tectotopo nm tectotope<br />
techo nm layer or bed which caps a deposit | t.<br />
de galería hanging-wall, roof<br />
tefra nf tephra<br />
tefrita nf tephrite<br />
tefrocronología nf tephrochronology<br />
tefroíta nf tephroite<br />
tehuilote nm [Méx] quartz crystals | country<br />
rock<br />
tejo nm ingot, usually of gold | [Méx] cake of<br />
silver as the end result of the patio process of<br />
reducing silver ores | t. de oro gold bullion<br />
tejón nm wedge, plate or cake of gold |<br />
[geomorph] tejon<br />
telemétro nm telemeter<br />
telera nf [Huelva, Sp] heaps of copper ore<br />
roasted or calcined in situ<br />
telesismo nm distant earthquake, teleseism<br />
teletermal adj telethermal<br />
telurantimonio nm tellurantimony<br />
telurato nm tellurate<br />
telurbismuto nm tellurbismuth<br />
telúrico,-ca adj telluric<br />
telurido nf telluride<br />
telurio nm tellurium | tellurium ore<br />
telurita nf tellurite<br />
telurobismutenita nf telluribismuthenite<br />
teluroide nm telluroid<br />
telurométro nm tellurometer<br />
telogenético,-ca adj telogenetic<br />
tembladero nm [Tobasco, Méx] area with<br />
asphaltic soil<br />
temblor nm earthquake, tremor | t. de tierra<br />
earthquake<br />
temiskamita nf maucherite
T-3<br />
témpano nm ice floe | t. de hielo iceberg<br />
templado,-da nm temperate<br />
temprano,-na adj early<br />
tenate nm [Méx/Hond] a bag made of hide used<br />
to haul or draw ore, etc. out of a mine (a tenate<br />
made from half an oxhide will hold 9 arrobas of<br />
ore)<br />
tenatero nm [Méx] worker who carries ore in a<br />
tenate<br />
tendencia nf trend<br />
tenderse vpr [Méx] to become sub-divided or<br />
floured by amalgamation<br />
tendido nm dip<br />
tendimiento nm [Bol] dip<br />
tenestel nm [Tasco, Méx] local variety of<br />
limestone<br />
tenor nm tenor or fineness | t. fino. fineness of<br />
gold<br />
tentadura nf [Méx] in the patio process of<br />
extracting silver from ore, the test washing of<br />
silver amalgamated with mercury in order to<br />
adjust the mixture of materials used in the<br />
extraction process | by extension, any test<br />
made by panning or washing<br />
teñido,-da adj stained<br />
teodolito nm theodolite<br />
teorema nm theorem | t. central límite central<br />
limit theorem | t. de Bayes Bayes theorem<br />
teoría nf theory | t. anticlinal anticlinal theory |<br />
t. isostática isostacy<br />
teotines nmpl [Santa Cruz, Méx] unusually<br />
shaped rocks surrounded by volcanic ash<br />
tepetate nm caliche | [Méx] volcanic tuff used<br />
in construction | waste rock or gangue |<br />
country rock | hardpan | conglomerate<br />
tepostel nm [Méx] precious metal bearing<br />
gossan or supergene oxides<br />
tepostete nm [Sonora, Méx] cobbles of specular<br />
hematite sometimes found in gold placers<br />
tepustete nm [Calamahí, Méx] iron ore<br />
tequezquite nm [Méx] sodium carbonate<br />
tequio nm taxes, duties or royalty on ore | ore<br />
not worth extraction | a task set as a day's<br />
work for a miner | amount of ore to be<br />
extracted by a mine laborer under contract to a<br />
mine owner | a contract between a mine<br />
laborer and mine owner specifying the amount<br />
of ore to be extracted | the plural tequios can<br />
refer to heaps or stockpiles of ore<br />
teralita nf theralite, foid gabbro<br />
terbio nm terbium<br />
terciario,-ria adj Tertiary | nm Tertiary<br />
tercio nm half a mule load, which translates to<br />
different weights in different places, not to<br />
mention with different mules and mule<br />
skinners<br />
terma nf therm<br />
termal adj thermal<br />
termas nfpl hot springs<br />
termío nm therm<br />
termocarst nm thermokarst<br />
térmico,-ca adj thermal<br />
terminación nf completion of a well | t. doble<br />
dual completion | t. multiple multiple<br />
completion<br />
termoclasa nf crack formed in a rock by a<br />
sudden change in termperature<br />
termodinámico,-ca adj thermodynamic<br />
termoelástico,-ca adj thermoelastic<br />
termogeno nm thermogene<br />
termogénesis nf thermogenesis<br />
termografía nf thermography<br />
termogravimetría nf thermogravimetry<br />
termoluminiscencia nf thermoluminescence<br />
termómetro nm thermometer | t. geológico<br />
geologic thermometer<br />
termonatrita nf thermonatrite<br />
termo-osmosis nf thermo-osmosis<br />
termoplástico,-ca adj thermoplastic<br />
ternario,-ria adj ternary<br />
terraciense adj Terracian<br />
terraplén nm terrace | slope | terreplain<br />
terraza nf terrace | t. aluvional alluvial terrace,<br />
drift terrace | t. costera raised beach | t. de<br />
deposición aggradation terrace | t. de erosión<br />
erosional terrace | t. de geiserita sinter terrace |<br />
t. estructural structural terrace | t. favorable<br />
favorable ground | t. fluvial stream terrace | t.<br />
impar unpaired terrace | t. marina marine<br />
terrace<br />
terremoto nm earthquake<br />
terreno nm ground, land | terrain, terrane |<br />
piece of land | plot, site | earth, rock or<br />
formation, as in t. carbonífero 'carbonaceous<br />
rock' | t. baldío government land | t. de encima<br />
top soil | t. franco land which may be freely<br />
conceded by a government to mining<br />
enterprises | t. terreno all-terrain<br />
térreo,-ea adj earthy | de color t. earth-colored<br />
terrero,-ra adj earth<br />
terrero nm heap or pile of dirt | waste rock |<br />
dump, tailings pile | alluvium<br />
terrestre adj terrestrial, earthly<br />
terrígeno,-na adj terrigenous
T-4<br />
terrojo nm red earth<br />
terroso,-sa adj earthy | brown, earth-colored | nf<br />
[Méx] vein of clay<br />
terruño nm piece of land<br />
tertel nm [Ch] hardpan<br />
tesis nf thesis | theory, idea | t. de grado thesis<br />
written for a five-year degree | t. doctoral<br />
doctoral dissertation<br />
testa nf [Méx] test<br />
testero nm overhand stope, back stope | t.<br />
abovedado domed stope, pyramid stope | t. de<br />
techo plano flat-backed stope | t. escalonado rill<br />
stope<br />
testificación nf log | t. acústica acoustic log<br />
testigo nm core | sample, specimen | barren<br />
rock | [surv] reference point | t. de erosión<br />
outlier | t. de perforación drill core<br />
Tetis nm Tethys<br />
tetradimita nf tetradymite<br />
tetraedrita nf tetrahedrite<br />
tetraedro nm tetrahedron<br />
tetramorfo nm tetramorph<br />
tetramórfico,-ca adj tetramorphous<br />
tetramorfismo nm tetramorphism<br />
tetratoedro nm tetratohedron<br />
tetzontle nm [Méx] a scoracious basaltic rock<br />
used as a building stone<br />
textura nf texture | t. aplitica aplitic texture | t.<br />
fluida fluid texture | t. fluidal flow structure | t.<br />
granuda granular texture | t. microgranuda<br />
microgranular texture | t. microlítica microlitic<br />
texture | t. pegmatítica pegmatitic texture | t.<br />
porfídica porphyritic texture | t. vítea glassy<br />
texture<br />
tezontle nm [Méx] a scoracious basaltic rock<br />
used as a building stone<br />
thalana nf [Bol] small sieve used in hand sorting<br />
of pulverized ores<br />
thanetiano,-na adj Thanetian<br />
thanetiense adj Thanetian<br />
thojeo nm [Bol] act of estimation by a miner of<br />
the extent of pay ore prior to drilling and<br />
blasting<br />
thuringiense adj Thuringian<br />
tiatales nmpl [Tasco, Méx] local variety of<br />
limestone<br />
tibe nm [Col] corundum | smooth, flat, elliptical<br />
and spherical stones found in alluvial placers<br />
once thought to be favorable indicators for gold<br />
placers<br />
tiempo nm time | t. absoluto absolute time | t.<br />
continental continental time | t. de intercepción<br />
intercept time | t. de propagación travel time | t.<br />
de retraso delay time | t. relativo relative time<br />
tienta nf earth auger<br />
tierra nf earth, land, soil, ground | region, native<br />
country | any rock or mineral | fine-grained or<br />
finely crystalline ore | gangue or matrix | hacer<br />
tierras to work a placer | t. adentro inland. | t.<br />
alcalina alkaline earth | t. aluvial alluvium | t .<br />
amarilla yellow earth, yellow ochre | t.<br />
apovillada ore suitable for amalgamation in the<br />
patio process | t. arcillosa clayey ground. | t.<br />
azul blue earth, blue ground | t. blanca<br />
micaceous clay; calcareous tufa | t. común<br />
earthy ores somewhat amenable to<br />
amalgamation | t. de aluvión alluvium. | t. de<br />
asentar or de afinar [Tamaulipas, Méx]<br />
weathered marl | t. de asiento [BC, Méx] a fine,<br />
auriferous sand | t. de batán fuller's earth | t.<br />
de caparossa red ochre. | t. de diatomeas<br />
diatomaceous earth. | t. de Fuller fuller's earth.<br />
| t. de flor [El Caratal, Vz] hematitic, goldbearing<br />
soil developed on gold veins | t. de<br />
ladrillos brick clay | t. de porcelana kaolin | t. de<br />
tinta red ochre | t. diatomácea diatomaceous<br />
earth | t. endurecida hardpan | t. firme continent<br />
| t. franca top soil | t. grasa pipe clay | t.<br />
gredosa clayey marl | t. de labor smalls<br />
resulting from hand sorting of ore | t. ordinaria<br />
[Guanajuato, Méx] an inferior grade of ore<br />
yielding about 80 ounces of silver to a ton | t.<br />
parda iron oxide rich soil | t. pesada barite | t. de<br />
porcelana china clay | t. quemada balls of<br />
residue from mercury reduction furnaces<br />
mixed with clayey smalls that are reduced<br />
again in a smaller furnace | t. rara rare earth |<br />
t. refractaria fire clay | t. roja iron rich clay often<br />
staining limestone | t. verde greenstone,<br />
chloritically altered rock | t. de yunque smalls<br />
resulting from sorting of ore | tierras bajas<br />
lowland | tierras inundables tidelands | tierras<br />
malas badlands | tierras raras rare earths<br />
tierras nfpl [New Almaden, Calif] fine mercury<br />
ore<br />
tiffaniense adj Tiffanian<br />
tigliense adj Tiglian<br />
tilíta nf tillite<br />
tilloide nm tilloid<br />
tina nf a washing vat used to separate amalgam<br />
from waste rock | [Cerro de Pasco, Pe]<br />
purification of silver amalgam<br />
tinaja nf water pocket developed below a<br />
waterfall | natural reservoir | [N. Mex]
T-5<br />
temporary pool | spring too feeble to form a<br />
stream | [Guadalcázar, Méx] small bunch of<br />
cinnabar found at the intersections of veins<br />
tinajita nf solution pan<br />
tinolita nf thinolite<br />
tinolítico,-ca adj thinolitic<br />
tinto,-ta adj red, dark red<br />
tioughniogense adj Tioughniogan<br />
tipificación nf classification<br />
tipo nm type, class, kind | rate, as in tipo de<br />
interés 'rate of interest' | percentage<br />
tipomórfico,-ca adj typomorphic<br />
tirada aparte nf reprint<br />
tirar una labor vtr to prospect and/or work a<br />
deposit<br />
tiro nm shot (in blasting) | [surv] course | [Méx]<br />
shaft, winze or pit | depth | t. ciego winze | t.<br />
de alcancía raise | t. de mina shaft | t. de recueste<br />
adit, inclined shaft | t. de velocidad surface<br />
velocity profiling | t. de zona alterada<br />
weathering shot | t. en abanico fan shooting | t.<br />
en pauta pattern shooting | t. inclinado inclined<br />
shaft<br />
tirolita nf tyrolite<br />
titanífero,-ra adj titanium-bearing, titaniferous<br />
titanio nm titanium<br />
titánico,-ca adj titanic<br />
titanita nf sphene<br />
titanocromita nf titanochromite<br />
titoniano,-na adj Tithonian<br />
titoniense adj Tithonian<br />
titulación nf assay | titration<br />
título nm title | degree | diploma | t. de<br />
propiedad title to a mining claim<br />
tiza nf chalk | finely divided gypsum | [Ch]<br />
mixture of ulexite with halite, sodium sulfate,<br />
lime and sand found in salares or dry lake beds<br />
tizar nm [Cerro de Mercado, Méx] a large<br />
deposit of high purity silica<br />
tizate nm [Méx] chalk<br />
toarciano,-na adj Toarcian<br />
toarciense adj Toarcian<br />
toba nf tufa | tuff | chalk | t. calcárea tufa,<br />
calcsinter, travertine | t. caliza calcareous tuff,<br />
travertine | t. de cenizas volcanic tuff | t. silícea<br />
siliceous sinter | t. soldada welded tuff<br />
tobáceo,-ea adj tuffaceous<br />
tobar nm tuff quarry<br />
tobel nm dobel<br />
toboso,-sa adj tuffaceous<br />
tocar la greda vtr [Fr Guiana] to reach bedrock<br />
in a placer<br />
tocochimbo nm [Pe] blast furnace<br />
todouno nm unprocessed coal<br />
tofo nm [Ch] fire clay | Durango, Méx] china<br />
clay<br />
tojear vtr [Bol] to support the roof of a mine<br />
with large fragments of rock<br />
tojo nm [Bol] large piece or fragment of rock<br />
used to support the roof of a mine<br />
tómbolo nm sand bar<br />
tomín nm one eighth of a castellano de oro , one<br />
third of an adarme<br />
tonawadense adj Tonawadan<br />
tonel nm barrel<br />
tonelada nf ton, which at one time varied in<br />
weight from place to place | t. bruta long ton,<br />
gross ton | t. corta short ton, net ton | t. de<br />
ensayador assay ton | t. métrica metric ton | t.<br />
larga tong ton | t. métrica metric ton | t. neta<br />
short ton, net ton<br />
tonelaje nm tonnage | t. bruto gross tonnage<br />
tonelámetro nm metric ton<br />
tonga nf layer | pile, heap | difference in level,<br />
or head, between two points | entrar t. to drain<br />
a mine or working by sluices, adits, canals etc.<br />
| t. de la mina. lowest practical point from<br />
which a mine may be drained by gravity<br />
tongada nf layer<br />
tongriano,-na adj Tongrian<br />
tongriense adj Tongrian<br />
tonolowayense adj Tonolowayan<br />
tonstein nm claystone<br />
topacio nm topaz | t. del Brasil reddish, rose or<br />
purplish yellow varieties of topaz | t. ahumado<br />
dark brown crystalline quartz | t. de Hinojosa or<br />
de Salamanca yellow crystalline quartz | t.<br />
oriental yellow corundum<br />
tope nm rich pocket of ore | [Bol] end or bottom<br />
of a working, working face<br />
topo nm league and a half | standard measure<br />
of ground ore, a fixed amount of which had to<br />
be delivered weekly by the mortiri<br />
topografía nf topography | surveying | t. carst<br />
karst topography<br />
topográfico,-ca adj topographic<br />
topográfo nm topographer | surveyor<br />
topología nf topology<br />
topometría nf topometry<br />
toque nm touchstone<br />
torca nf sinkhole | basin, depression | sand<br />
pipe, sand gall<br />
torcer vtr to change direction | t. el rumbo to<br />
change in strike
T-6<br />
tordo,-da adj grey<br />
torio nm thorium<br />
tornasol nm iridescence<br />
tornasolado,-da adj iridescent<br />
torno nm [Bol] hoist<br />
toro nm [Bol] pillar (in a mine)<br />
torpedeamiento nm artificial fracturing | t. por<br />
vibración vibrofrac<br />
torre nf tower | t. de extración or de perforación or<br />
de sondeo oil derrick, headframe | torre-torre<br />
[Pe] towers of hot spring deposits<br />
torrejoniense adj Torrejonian<br />
torrente nm ravine, stream | freshet<br />
torrera nfpl [Río Tinto, Sp] heaps of ore roasted<br />
in situ<br />
torridoniense adj Torridonian<br />
tortilla nf hardpan<br />
tortoniano,-na adj Tortonian<br />
tortoniense adj Tortonian<br />
tortuosidad nf tortuosity<br />
tosca nf hardpan | [Patagonia, Arg] white<br />
deposits of caclium carbonate occuring in loess<br />
| [Col] bed of volcanoclastic sediment in<br />
placers above sepé and pay dirt | [Catorce,<br />
Méx] altered dioritic and porphyritic dikes |<br />
[Méx] talc seams | [Guadalcázar, Méx] altered<br />
granite porphyry | [Guadalcázar, Méx] yellow<br />
ochre colored lithomarge at contact of granite<br />
porphyry with limestone | [PR] soft coral<br />
limestone used for masonry, road surfacing<br />
and as fertilizer<br />
tosco,-ca adj coarse, rough<br />
tostación nf roasting, calcination<br />
tostador nm [Méx] roasting furnace | worker<br />
who operates a roasting furnace<br />
tostadura nf roasting, calcination<br />
tostar vtr to roast ore<br />
tournaisiano,-na adj Tournaisian<br />
tournaisiense adj Tournaisian<br />
trabajadero nm [Col] vein worked by open pit.<br />
trabajar vtr to work a mine or placer<br />
trabajo nm working of a mine or placer | nmpl<br />
workings | t. a cielo abierto open cutting, open<br />
pitting, quarrying | t. (de) banca underhand<br />
stoping | t. de cabeza overhand stoping | t. de<br />
cielo overhand stoping | t. de reconocimiento.<br />
exploratory workings | t. de rajo con grandines<br />
directos overhand stoping | t. de rajo con<br />
grandines invertidos underhand stoping | t. del<br />
antiguo [Col] working dating back to the time of<br />
the Spanish conquistadores | t. del indio [Col]<br />
working dating back to precolumbian times | t.<br />
por testeras overhand stoping | t. sistema tolva<br />
glory hole | t. transversal cross cut<br />
trabanca nf [Ec] mine timber<br />
tracción nf traction<br />
traccionita nf tractionite<br />
tragante nm sluice<br />
trama nf structure, framework<br />
tramo nm lot, tract, stretch, plot of land | t. rico.<br />
rich ore shoot<br />
trampa nf trap, as for hydrocarbons or ore |<br />
mercury trap in a gold mill | sluice gate | t.<br />
compuesta combination trap | t. diagenética<br />
diagenetic trap | t. estratigráfica stratigraphic<br />
trap | t. estructural structural trap | t. petrolífera<br />
hydrocarbon trap<br />
tranca nf [Bol] wooden stull (in a mine)<br />
trancada nf trench | [Almería, Sp] inclined<br />
gallery with steps<br />
tranquilidadita nf tranquillityite<br />
transfluencia nf transfluence<br />
transformación nf transformation | t. anaclástica<br />
deformation without shearing | t. de Laplace<br />
Laplace transformation<br />
trans-formacional adj trans-formational<br />
translación nf translation<br />
transmisión nf transmission | t. retardada<br />
transmission lag<br />
transparente adj transparent<br />
transporte nm transport | t. eólico aeolian<br />
transport | t. fluvial fluvial transport | t. glaciar<br />
glacial transport<br />
transversal nm cross cut<br />
tranformación nf tranformation | t. adiabática<br />
adiabatic transormation<br />
translúcido,-da adj translucent<br />
transluciente adj transluscent<br />
transmisividad nf transmissivity<br />
transopaco,-ca adj transopaque<br />
transparencia nf slide, transparency<br />
transparente adj transparent | nm transparency<br />
transporte nm transportation<br />
transuránico,-ca adj transuranic<br />
trapezoedro nm trapezohedron<br />
trapiche nm [Ch] crude mill for crushing ore<br />
trapichero nm [Ch] operator of a trapiche |<br />
[Potosí, Bol] operator of a trapiche who usually<br />
worked stolen ore<br />
trapp nm trap, plateau basalt<br />
traquiandesita nf trachyandesite<br />
traquibasalto nm trachybasalt<br />
traquidiscontinuidad nf trachydiscontinuity<br />
traquidolerita nf trachydolerite
T-7<br />
traquiofítico,-ca adj trachyophitic<br />
traquita nf trachyte<br />
traquítico,-ca adj trachytic<br />
traquitoide nm trachytoid<br />
tras nm tuff | tufa<br />
traslación nf translation | t. continental<br />
continental drift | de t. translational<br />
traslapamiento nm overlap<br />
traslúcido,-da adj transluscent<br />
trasluciente adj transluscent<br />
traslucir vintr to be transluscent<br />
trasluz nm diffused light | reflected light<br />
trasversal adj transverse<br />
tratamiento nm treatment | reworking of a well<br />
to increase production, 'doctoring'<br />
travecaja nf cross cut<br />
travertino nm travertine<br />
travesía nf traverse | [Col] cross cut<br />
traviesa nf cross cut<br />
traza nf trace | streak<br />
trazado nm tracing | t. de mapamiento mapping |<br />
t. de reflexiones reflection picking<br />
trazador nm [Méx] underground mine foreman<br />
trecho nm passing of ore from one worker to<br />
another in baskets<br />
tremadociano,-na adj Tremadocian<br />
tremadociense adj Tremadocian<br />
tremor nm tremor<br />
trempealeauense adj Trempealeauan<br />
trentoniense adj Trentonian<br />
trepano nm drill bit | t. de diamantes diamond<br />
drill bit<br />
triaquisoctaedro nm trioctahedron<br />
triangulación nf triangulation<br />
trías nm Trias, Triassic.<br />
triásico,-ca adj Triassic | nm Triassic<br />
Tribunal de Minería nm mining court<br />
established in Perú in 1736<br />
tributario,-ria adj tributary<br />
triclínico,-ca adj triclinic<br />
tricroismo nm trichroism<br />
tridimita nf trydimite<br />
triflita nf triphylite<br />
triedro,-ra adj trihedral<br />
trigiro nm ternary axis of rotation<br />
trilla nf [Méx] heap of ore<br />
trimorfismo nm trimorphism<br />
trinchar vtr [Col] to build a trincho, to dam<br />
trinchera nf trench, ditch | [Méx] roughly<br />
stacked pile of rock or ore | t. de préstamos [PR]<br />
borrow pit<br />
trincho nm [Col] arrangement of dams, trenches<br />
etc. used to divert the flow of a stream for<br />
purposes of working a placer<br />
trinitiense adj Trinitian<br />
triple unión nf triple junction<br />
tripolita nf diatomite<br />
triquita nf microlite<br />
trisoctaedro nm trioctahedron<br />
tritio nm tritium<br />
trituración nf grinding, crushing<br />
triturador,-dora adj crushing, grinding | nf<br />
crusher<br />
triturar vtr to crush or grind ore<br />
trivalente adj trivalent<br />
trocar la batea vtr [Col] to pass bateas of gravel<br />
from one worker to another by hand<br />
troje de metal nf [Huitzuco, Méx] mercury ore<br />
filling open space in gypsum<br />
troncar vtr to truncate<br />
tronco nm stock | t. de montaña peneplain | t.<br />
fosíl coal pipe | t. petrificado woodrock<br />
trozo nm [Chacas, Pe] lump of ore the size of an<br />
egg<br />
truncación nf truncation<br />
truncado,-da adj truncate, truncated<br />
truncamiento nm truncation, as of strata<br />
truncar vtr to truncate<br />
trunco nm stock<br />
tubería nf piping, tubing | drill string | t.<br />
colectora gathering line | t. de producción<br />
producing drill string<br />
tubo nm tube | t. de explosión diatreme | t. de<br />
perforación drill pipe | t. portatestigos core barrel<br />
tucanita nf scarbroite<br />
tucurababi nm [Matapé, Méx] an altered granite<br />
tucurubay nm gravel<br />
tueste nm roasting of ore<br />
tufaceo,-cea adj tufaceous<br />
tufisita nf tuffisite<br />
tufita nf tuffite<br />
tuflava nf tufflava<br />
tulio nm thulium<br />
tumbado nm [Bol] vein or ore in the upper part<br />
of a working | false ceiling in a gallery or stope<br />
tumbaga nf [Col] an alloy of equal parts of gold,<br />
silver and copper<br />
tumbago nm [Col] impure gold<br />
tumbamiento nm recumbance<br />
tumbar vtr [Méx] to break ground, win or get<br />
ore | t. la mina [Col] to carelessly work a mine<br />
such that it caves
T-8<br />
tumbe nm [Méx] breaking ground, winning or<br />
getting ore<br />
tumor nm dome<br />
túnel nm tunnel, gallery<br />
tungomelano nm tungomelane<br />
tungstato nm tungstate<br />
tungsteno nm tungsten<br />
tungstíco,-ca adj tungstic<br />
tuoriense adj Tuorian<br />
tupia nf [Col] dam<br />
tupiar vtr [Col] to dam a stream or river<br />
turba nf peat<br />
turbación nf turbation<br />
turbal nm peat bog<br />
turbera nf peat bog | t. emergida upland moor |<br />
t. sumergida low-level bog<br />
turbidez nf turbidity<br />
turbiedad nf turbidity<br />
turbio,-bia adj turbid<br />
turboglifo nm scour cast | t. intersepto furrow<br />
flute cast<br />
turbulento,-ta adj turbulent<br />
turingiano,-na adj Thuringian<br />
turingiense adj Thuringian<br />
turingita nf thuringite<br />
turmalina nf tourmaline | t. azul. indicolite | t.<br />
roja. rubellite<br />
turmalinización nf tourmalinization<br />
turmalita nf tourmalite<br />
turno nm shift | tour of duty<br />
turoliense adj Turolian<br />
turoniano,-na adj Turonian<br />
turoniense adj Turonian<br />
turquesa nf turquoise<br />
tyrrheniense adj Tyrrhenian<br />
tysonita nf fluocerite<br />
tzinapu nm [Méx] obsidian
U-1<br />
U<br />
ubicación nf location, position, site<br />
ubicado,-da adj located<br />
ubicar vtr to locate, spot (as for a well) or plot<br />
(on a map) | vintr to be located, situated or<br />
placed<br />
ubicarse vpr to be located, situated or placed<br />
uchero nm llama dung carrier (llama dung was<br />
used in the patio process of amalgamation of<br />
silver ores)<br />
ufertita nf davidite<br />
uintense adj Uintan<br />
ulatsiense adj Ulatsian<br />
ulsteriense adj Ulsterian<br />
ultramar nm lapis lazuli, lazurite<br />
ultramilonita nf ultramylonite<br />
ultrarrojo,-ja adj infrared<br />
ultraviolado,-da adj ultraviolet | nm ultraviolet<br />
ultravileta nf ultraviolet<br />
ultravulcaniense adj Ultravulcanian<br />
ulvita nf ulvöspinel<br />
ulla nf archaic or incorrect spelling of hulla 'coal'.<br />
ullera nf archaic or incorrect spelling of hullera<br />
'coal-mine, colliery'.<br />
ullita nf archaic or incorrect spelling for hullita<br />
'anthracite'.<br />
umbral nm swell | threshold | u. de circo | u.<br />
continental swell |u. topográfico topographic<br />
doorstep<br />
undación nf megafold<br />
undulación nf undulation, wave<br />
uniáxico,-ca adj uniaxial<br />
uniclinal adj monoclinal<br />
unidad nf unit | u. absoluta absolute unit | u.<br />
bioestratigráfica biostratigraphic unit | u. central<br />
de procesamiento central processing unit | u.<br />
cronoestratigráfica cronostratigraphic unit | u. de<br />
cinta magnética tape drive | u. de disco disk<br />
drive | u. de espaciamiento spacing unit, well<br />
spacing | u. de muestreo sampling unit | u.<br />
eotvos eotvos unit | u. estratográfica<br />
stratigraphic unit | u. gravimétrica gravity unit<br />
|u. litoestratigráfica lithostratigraphic unit | u.<br />
tectónica tectonic unit | u. térmica inglesa British<br />
thermal unit (BTU)<br />
unificación nf unitization (of an oil field)<br />
uniformidad nf uniformity<br />
unirse vpr to coalesce<br />
uñeta nf stone cutter's chisel<br />
uralitización nf uralitization<br />
uránico,-ca adj uranic<br />
uranífero,-ra adj uraniferous<br />
uranio nm uranium<br />
urano nm uranium oxide<br />
uranocre nm uranocher<br />
uranofano nm uranophane<br />
uranolito nm meteoric stone<br />
uranopicco nm uraninite, pitchblende<br />
uranosfaerita nf uranosphaerite<br />
uranotantalita nf samarskite<br />
uranothallita nf liebigite<br />
uranotilo nm uranotile<br />
urao nm gaylussite (a form of trona)<br />
urgue nm [Col] clay selvage on a vein<br />
uriconiense adj Uriconian<br />
usamerita nf greywacke<br />
utahita nf jarosite | natrojarosite<br />
utahlita nf variscite<br />
útiles nmpl tools, equipment | u. de extracción<br />
fishing tools | u. de labortorio laboratory<br />
equipment | u. de sondeo drilling tools<br />
uvala nf karst valley, uvala<br />
uwarowita nf uvarovite (variety of garnet)<br />
uzbekita nf volborthite
V-1<br />
V<br />
vacia nf wacke | v. gris greywacke<br />
vaciada nf melt | dumping<br />
vaciadero nm dump, tailings pile, spoils bank<br />
vaciado nf emptying | pouring, casting | [Méx]<br />
excavation<br />
vaciador nm worker who dumps waste or slagpots<br />
| v. de carros car dumper<br />
vaciagris nm greywacke<br />
vaciamar nf ebb tide<br />
vaciante nf ebb tide<br />
vaciar vtr to empty out | to drain | to hollow<br />
out | to sluice off | to discharge water, etc. | to<br />
dump | to bail out a well | [Méx] to excavate |<br />
vpr to flow out<br />
vacío,-ía adj empty | nm vacuum, void |<br />
vacancy<br />
vacisco nm [Almadén, Sp] fines of mercury ore<br />
and gangue produced by crushing preparatory<br />
to concentration and smelting<br />
vacuo nm vacuum<br />
vagón nm ore car | v. carboner coal car | v.<br />
cisterna a railcar load of 10 mt petroleum | v. de<br />
báscula, de pico, volcador, or de volquete dumping<br />
or tipper car | v. de mineral ore car<br />
vagonada nf carload<br />
vaguada nf lowest part of a valley | watershed,<br />
divide | talweg | channel, watercourse<br />
vaho nm steam | vapor | fumes<br />
vainiforme adj pod-like<br />
valangiano,-na adj Valangian<br />
valangiense adj Valangian<br />
válencia nf valency, valence<br />
valendisiense adj Valendisian<br />
valentiano,-na adj Llandoverian<br />
valentiense adj Llandoverian<br />
valioso,-sa adj precious<br />
valmeyerense adj Valmeyeran<br />
valor nm value, worth | v. BTU calorific value,<br />
BTU value | v. contable book value | v. de la<br />
inclinación degree of inclination | v. de la<br />
rotación amount of rotation | v. extremo extreme<br />
value | v. límite limit value<br />
valla nf terreplain | embankment<br />
valle nm valley | aclinal | v. antecedente<br />
antecedent valley | v. anticlinal anticlinal valley<br />
| v. colgado hanging valley | v. colgante hanging<br />
valley | v. de aluviones bottom land | v. de<br />
drenaje water gap | v. de erosión erosional valley<br />
| v. de fondo valley with well developed<br />
floodplain | v. de fractura tectonic valley | v. de<br />
hundimiento rift valley | v. en artesa troughshaped<br />
valley | v. en u U-shaped valley | v. en<br />
V V-shaped valley | v. epigenético<br />
superimposed or antecedent valley | v. glaciar<br />
glacial valley | v. longitudinal longitudinal<br />
valley | v. maduro mature valley | v. seco strath<br />
| v. sinclinal synclinal valley | v. subsecuente<br />
subsequent valley | v. sumergido submerged<br />
valley, firth | v. tectónico structural valley | v.<br />
transversal transverse valley<br />
vanadato nm vanadinite | vanadate<br />
vanadífero,-ra adj vanadiferous<br />
vanadio nm vanadium<br />
vanado-magnetita nf coulsonite<br />
vapor nm vapor | v. vivo steam<br />
vaporar vtr to evaporate<br />
vaporización nf evaporation<br />
vara nf the old Spanish yard or rod, which varies<br />
from 0.8 to 1.1 meters (see section on weights<br />
and measures) | stick, rod | v. circular circular<br />
rod | v. de agrimensor measuring rod | v. de<br />
medir measuring rod | v. de topografía<br />
surveyor's rod | v. mágica divining rod | v.<br />
portabrújula Jacob's staff<br />
varada nf three months of work in a mine<br />
vareo nm measuring in varas<br />
vareta nf rod | v. divinatoria divining rod | v.<br />
mágica divining rod<br />
variable nf variable | v. aleatoria random<br />
variable | v. continua continuous variable | v.<br />
de control control variable | v. de ligazón<br />
conditional varriable | v. discreta discrete<br />
variable | v. endógena endogenous variable | v.<br />
exóogena exogenous variable | v. independiente<br />
independent variable | v. indicatriz indicator<br />
variable | v. latente latent variable | v. normal<br />
normally-distributed variable | variables no<br />
correlacionadas uncorrelated variable.<br />
variación nf variation | v. de la aguja compass<br />
variation | v. de tenor variation in grade | v.<br />
secular secular variation<br />
variancia nf variance | v. condicional conditional<br />
variance | v. ligada conditional variance<br />
varilla nf rod | v. divinatoria divining rod | v.<br />
mágica divining rod<br />
variolítico,-ca adj variolitic<br />
variométro nm variometer<br />
varíscico,-ca adj Variscan<br />
varisco,-ca adj Variscan<br />
varva nf varve | v. de arcilla glacial varve | v.<br />
glaciar glacial varve
V-2<br />
vaso nm used in the general sense of 'vessel' to<br />
refer to all sorts of smelting and cupellating<br />
vessels and furnaces | [Tepecalá, Méx] local<br />
variety of a copper refining furnace<br />
vauclusiense adj Vauclusian<br />
vecino,-na adj contiguous<br />
vega nf open plain | oxbow lake | [Col] a small<br />
valley | nfpl floodplain<br />
veinteno nm twentieth, a tax of one twentieth<br />
formerly levied on gold production in Spanish<br />
America<br />
velaje glaciar nm breaking off of icebergs from<br />
glaciers<br />
velardenita nf gehlenite<br />
velocidad nf velocity | v. de filtración filtration<br />
rate | v. de una roca [seis] rock speed, speed of<br />
propagation of mechanical waves in rock<br />
vena nf vein | bed | seam | streak or stripe of a<br />
certain color in a stone | underground channel<br />
for water | v. interfoliada interfoliated vein<br />
venaje nf quantity of water in a river<br />
venera nf spring<br />
venerillo nm [Tipuani, Bol] pay gravel in a<br />
placer<br />
venero nm spring | source | mineralized vein |<br />
mineral deposit | bed or seam | [Arg] hidden<br />
or blind mineral deposit | [Bol] placer tin<br />
deposit | [Bol, Pe] pay gravel in a placer<br />
venida nf overflow of a river<br />
venido nm [Méx] talus, debris<br />
venilla nf veinlet or stringer | small vein<br />
venita nf stringer, veinlet | venite (variety of<br />
migmatite) | v. de cuarzo quartz stringer<br />
venoso,-sa adj veined<br />
ventaja estructural nf [pet] structural advantage<br />
ventana nf fenster, window | inlier | v. tectónica<br />
structural window<br />
ventanilla nf [Pe] natural opening in rock<br />
ventisquero nm glacier<br />
venturiense adj Venturian<br />
venturina nf aventurine quartz<br />
verada nf foot path, trail<br />
veraneador nm [Col] person who works placers<br />
only during dry season<br />
veraneo nm [Col] working of placers during dry<br />
season<br />
verano nm dry season (summer)<br />
verde adj green | nm green | verdigris | v.<br />
esmeralda emerald green<br />
verdemar adj sea green | nm sea green<br />
verdeoscuro,-ra adj dark green<br />
verdete nm verdigris<br />
verdinegro,-gra adj dark green<br />
verdiones nmpl [Ch] green staining indicative of<br />
copper mineralization<br />
verdoso,-sa adj greenish<br />
vergencia nf vergence<br />
vermiculado,-da adj vermiculated<br />
vernadskita nf antlerite<br />
verosimilitud nf likelihood<br />
versiliense adj Versilian<br />
vertedera nf [Somorrostro, Sp] inclined shoot<br />
vértice nf apex | [surv] corner | v. de cierre<br />
closing corner | v. de referencia witness corner |<br />
v. testigo witness corner<br />
vertiente nf slope | aspect | drainage area,<br />
watershed, divide | waterfall | spring | [Sp]<br />
brook | v. de agua salada brine spring<br />
vesícula nf vesicle | gall | v. arcillosa clay gall<br />
vestigio nm in assaying or chemical analysis, a<br />
trace | vestige<br />
vesubiana nf vesuvianite | leucitite | mixture of<br />
calcite and hydromagnesite<br />
vesubianita nf vesuvianite<br />
vesuliano,-na adj Vesulian<br />
vesuliense adj Vesulian<br />
veta nf vein or lode, generally of lesser<br />
importance than a filón | mineralized bed or<br />
seam | streak or stripe in a rock | rib of ore in a<br />
vein, leader, or pay-streak | v. al sol vein with<br />
ore exposed at the surface | v. atravesada cross<br />
vein |v. bandeada ribbon or banded vein | v.<br />
boba [Ch] large, unmineralized vein | v.<br />
caldeadaal respaldo vein 'frozen' or 'welded' to<br />
wall rock | v. cateada vein explored by catas or<br />
shallow pits or shafts |v. clavada [Col] vertical<br />
vein | v. clavera spotty vein | v. corrida<br />
continuous vein | v. cortada cross-cutting vein |<br />
v. crucera cross vein | v. de cajón inclined vein |<br />
v. de carbón coal seam | v. de contacto contact<br />
lode | v. de cuarzo cross vein | v. de fisura<br />
fissure vein | v. de manto bedded or horizontal<br />
vein | v. de mineral ore vein | v. de relleno de<br />
falla fault vein | v. de resbalón vertical vein | v.<br />
de sombra inclined vein (20° to 60°) | v. de<br />
segregación exudation or segregated vein | v. de<br />
sombra [Col] horizontal vein, manto | v. de tope<br />
bunchy or beaded vein | v. débil weak vein | v.<br />
desigual en mineral spotty vein | v. dislocadora<br />
dislocating vein | v. echada inclined vein | v. en<br />
cola de caballo horse tail vein | v. en conformidad<br />
bedding-plane vein | v. en cuña gash vein | v.<br />
en radiación vein radiating from a common<br />
center with other veins | v. en rosario linked or
V-3<br />
amygdaloid vein | v. escalonada ladder vein | v.<br />
eslabonada linked vein | v. esteríl barren vein |<br />
v.-filón fissure vein | v. forastera [Ch] newly<br />
discovered vein | v. formal strong vein | v.<br />
interfoliada interfoliated vein | v. jornalera vein<br />
whose yield just covers expenses leaving no<br />
profit | v. madre main or mother lode | v.<br />
manteada horizontal vein | v. muy tendida flat<br />
vein, bedded vein |v. rechazada dislocated vein<br />
| v. robada [Col] vein which on working shows<br />
signs of having been worked before | v. seca<br />
barren vein | v. secundaria secondary vein | v.<br />
sin crestones hidden or blind vein | v. socia<br />
companion vein | v. tabular tabular vein | v.<br />
transversal cross vein<br />
vetarrón nm a large vein or lode<br />
veteado,-da adj veined<br />
vetica nf veinlet<br />
veticilla nf veinlet<br />
vetilla nf veinlet, leader | [Méx] slickensides<br />
vetita nf fiber | stringer | v. de cuarzo quartz<br />
stringer | v. de mineral streak<br />
vía nf gallery<br />
vibertita nf bassanite<br />
vibrosísmica nf Vibroseis<br />
vicio nm defect, flaw<br />
vicksburgiense adj Vicksburgian<br />
vida nf life | v. media half-life<br />
vidrio nm glass | v. volcánico volcanic glass<br />
vidrioso,-sa adj glassy, vitrious<br />
vilemita nf willemite<br />
villafranqiano,-na adj Villafranchian<br />
villafranquense nm Villafranchian<br />
vincularse a vpr to be related to | to be bound or<br />
tied to<br />
vindoboniano,-na adj Vindobonian<br />
vindoboniense adj Vindobonian<br />
violana nf violan<br />
virgen adj native as well as virgin, e.g. plata<br />
virgen 'native silver' | pure<br />
virgencía nf virgence<br />
virgiliense adj Virgilian<br />
virgloriano,-na adj Anisian<br />
virgloriense adj Anisian<br />
virguliano,-na adj Virgulian<br />
virguliense adj Virgulian<br />
viridina nf viridine, manganandalusite<br />
virutas nfpl cuttings | v. de taladro drill cuttings<br />
viscometría nf viscometry<br />
viscométro nm viscometer<br />
viscosidad nf viscosity | v. cinemática kinematic<br />
viscosity | v. extrapolada extrapolated viscosity<br />
viscoso,-sa adj viscous<br />
viseano,-na adj Visean<br />
visiense adj Visean<br />
visita de minas nf [Potosí, Bol] annual<br />
inspection by royal Spanish authorities of all<br />
mines and mills<br />
vista nf sight, view | v. en corte cross section | a<br />
la vista in sight<br />
vítreo,-ea adj glassy, vitreous | nf hyaline<br />
vítrico,-ca adj vitric<br />
vitrificación nf vitrification<br />
vitrificar vtr to vitrify<br />
vitrinoide nm vitrinoid<br />
vitrifírico,-ca adj vitriphyric<br />
vitriofido nm vitrophyre<br />
vitriolo nm vitriol | v. azul copper sulfate | v.<br />
blanco zinc sulfate | v. de cobre chalcanthite | v.<br />
de marto copperas | v. verde copperas<br />
vitrita nf vitrian | vitrite<br />
vitroclarita nf vitroclarian<br />
vitrofídico,-ca adj vitrophyric<br />
vitrofiro nm vitrophyre<br />
volastonita nf wollastonite<br />
volátil adj volatile<br />
volatilización nf volatilization<br />
volcado,-da adj inverted, overturned<br />
volcadura nf tilting<br />
volcamiento nm overturning<br />
volcán nm volcano | landslide | [Col] flood | v.<br />
activo active volcano | v. apagado or extinto<br />
extinct volcano | v. de barro mud volcano | v. de<br />
cono compuesto composite cone | v. de cono de<br />
cenizas cinder cone | v. de escudo shield volcano<br />
| v. de lodo mud volcano | v. en escudo shield<br />
volcano | v. estratificado stratovolcano | v.<br />
estromboliano strombolian volcano | v. fango<br />
mud volcano | v. hawaiano Hawaiian or shield<br />
volcano | v. peleano Peleean volcano | v.<br />
submarino submarine volcano<br />
volcanicidad nf volcanism<br />
volcánico,-ca adj volcanic<br />
volcanismo nm volcanism<br />
volcanista nm volcanist<br />
volcanita nf volcanite<br />
volcanogénico,-ca adj volcanogenic<br />
volcar vtr to invert, overturn | to dump<br />
volframífero,-ra adj tungsten-bearing,<br />
tungstiferous<br />
volframio nm wolframite<br />
volframita nf wolframite<br />
voltear vtr to dump | to overturn
V-4<br />
volumen nm volume | v. de los poros pore<br />
volume | v. de roca rock volume | v. poroso pore<br />
volume<br />
volumétrico,-ca adj volumetric<br />
volumetro nm volumeter<br />
vómito nm [Col] outcrop<br />
vorágine nf whirlpool<br />
vórtice nm whirlpool<br />
vraconiense adj Vraconian<br />
vuelco nm tilting, overturning | dumping | v. de<br />
estratos tilting of beds<br />
vuelta nf whorl | oxbow (of a river) |<br />
[Almadén, Sp] one complete operation in the<br />
Bustamente or aludel furnace | dar v. la plata<br />
[Méx] to refine silver<br />
vulcanismo nm volcanism<br />
vulcanología nf volcanology<br />
vulcanologista nm volcanologist<br />
vulcanólogo,-ga nm and nf volcanologist<br />
vulfenita nf wulfenite
W-1<br />
W<br />
Waaliense nm Waalian<br />
waca nf wacke<br />
wacka nf wacke<br />
wackenrodita nf wachenrodite<br />
waldheimita nf actinolite<br />
walkerita nf pectolite<br />
walmstedtita nf breunerite<br />
walpurgina nf walpurgite, waltherite<br />
walpurgita nf walpurgite, waltherite<br />
waltherita nf walpurgite, waltherite<br />
Waltonense nm Waltonian<br />
waluewita nf xanthophyllite<br />
wallerian nm hornblende<br />
wallerita nf greenstone<br />
wallongita nf wallongongite<br />
warrenita nf owyheeite or jamesonite |<br />
Pennsylvania oil (paraffin rich hydrocarbons)<br />
warringtonita nf brochantite<br />
warthita nf blödite<br />
warwicita nf warwickite<br />
Wasatchiense nm Wasatchian<br />
washingtonita nf ilmenite<br />
Washitense nm Washitan<br />
wasita nf impure allanite<br />
Waucobense nm Waucoban<br />
waudi nm wadi<br />
way nm oreway, chimney feeding an ore pass<br />
Wealdense nm/adj Wealden<br />
webnerita nf andorite<br />
webskyita nf fibrous serpentine<br />
weibyeíta nf bastnesite<br />
weinschenkita nf churchite<br />
weissian nm scolecite<br />
weissigita nf lithium allanite<br />
Wemmelense nm Wemmelian<br />
wenlockiense nm/adj Wenlock<br />
wentzelita nf hureaulite<br />
werfeniano,-na adj Werfenian | nm Werfenian<br />
werfeniense nm/adj Werfenian<br />
werhemannita nf aluminite<br />
wernerismo nm Neptunism<br />
werneritización nf dipyritization<br />
weslienita nf römerite<br />
westanita nf altered andalusite<br />
westfaliano,-na adj Westphalian<br />
westfaliense nm/adj Westphalian<br />
westgrenita nf bismutomicrolite<br />
Weybourniense nm Weybournian<br />
whartonita nf nickeliferous pyrite<br />
wheeleriense nm/adj Wheelerian<br />
Whitbense nm Whitbian<br />
whitcliffiense nm/adj Whitcliffian<br />
whitherita nf witherite<br />
whitneyense nm/adj Whitneyan<br />
wiborgita nf viborgite (obs, rapakivi granite)<br />
wichtina nf wichtisite (obs, vitrophyritic diabase)<br />
wilcoxiense nm/adj Sabinian<br />
wilhemita nf willemite<br />
wilinita nf idocrase<br />
wiltshireíta nf rathite<br />
williamsita nf antigorite<br />
winche nm winch<br />
winchellita nf lintonite<br />
wisconsinense nm/adj Wisconsinan<br />
wiserina nf anatase | xenotime<br />
wismutaurita nf native gold containing up to 3<br />
percent bismuth<br />
wittichita nf wittichenite, klaprothite<br />
wittingita nf altered rhodonite<br />
wocheinita nf bauxite<br />
wolchita nf bournonite<br />
wolfachita nf mixture of gersdorfite and<br />
ullmanite<br />
wolfcampiense nm/adj Wolfcampian<br />
wolfram nm tungsten | wolframite | w. blanco<br />
calcium tungstate<br />
wolframífero,-ra nf tungsten-bearing,<br />
tungstiferous<br />
wolframio nm wolfram<br />
wolfsbergita nf chalcostibite<br />
wolftonita nf hetairite<br />
wolnina nf barite<br />
wolnym nm barite<br />
wollongita nf wollongongite (a carbonaceous<br />
shale)<br />
woodbiniense nm/adj Woodbinian<br />
woodfordita nf ettringite<br />
worobieffita nf cesium and lithium beryl<br />
wurtzilita nf asphaltic pyrobitumin
X-1<br />
X<br />
xairo,-ra adj [Col] skew, oblique<br />
xalostocita nf landerite (var grossularite)<br />
xanotoxeno nm xanthoxenite<br />
xantato nm xanthate<br />
xanthokón nm a variety of diamond<br />
xantiosita nf xanthiosite<br />
xantita nf xanthite (var vesuvianite)<br />
xantoarsenita nf sarkinite<br />
xantoconita nf xanthoconite<br />
xantocroíta nf greenockite<br />
xantofilita nf clintonite<br />
xantopirita nf pyrite<br />
xantorita nf xanthorthite (altered allanite)<br />
xantosiderita nf goethite<br />
xantoxenita nf xanthoxenite<br />
xantotitano nm xanthitane (alteration product of<br />
sphene)<br />
xenoblástico,-ca adj xenoblastic<br />
xenoblasto nm xenoblast<br />
xenobloque nm xenolith | erratic block<br />
xenocristal nm xenocryst<br />
xenocristo nm xenocryst<br />
xenofiro nm xenophyre (obs, dike)<br />
xenogenito,-ta adj epigenetic<br />
xenogenuoso,-sa adj epigenetic<br />
xenoíquico,-ca adj xenoikic (obs, poikilitic)<br />
xenolita nf xenolite | xenolith<br />
xenolítico,-ca adj xenolithic<br />
xenolito nm xenolith<br />
xenomórfico,-ca adj xenomorphic<br />
xenomórfico-granular adj xenomorphic<br />
xenomorfismo nm xenomorphism<br />
xenomorfo nm xenomorph<br />
xenón nm xenon | x.-x. xenon-xenon<br />
xenoporfirítico,-ca adj xenoporphyritic<br />
xenotermal adj xenothermal<br />
xenótima nf xenotime<br />
xenótina nf xenotime<br />
xenotípala nf cenotypal<br />
xenotoba nf xenotuff<br />
xenotópico,-ca adj xenotopic<br />
xérico,-ca adj xeric<br />
xerotérmico,-ca adj xerothermic | nm<br />
xerothermic<br />
xihuitl nm [Méx.] turquoise<br />
xilantita nf fossil wood<br />
xiloide nm xyloide<br />
xilito,-ta adj xyloid | nm xyloide<br />
xilópalo nm wood opal, opalized wood<br />
xilotilo nm xylotile<br />
xylantita nf xylanthite<br />
xylenita nf xylenite, xylinite<br />
xylinita nf xylenite, xylinite<br />
xylinoide nm xylinoid<br />
xylita nf xylith, xylite | Fe-palygorskite<br />
xylito nm xylith, xylite<br />
xylochloro nm green apophyllite<br />
xylocriptita nf xylokryptite (var schererite)<br />
xyloide adj xyloid<br />
xylolitha nf petrified wood<br />
xylopal nm wood opal<br />
xylotilo nm xylotile (probably an altered<br />
chrysotile asbestos) | fibrous serpentine<br />
xylovitrian nm euvitrian<br />
xylovitriano nm euvitrian
Y-1<br />
Y<br />
yacente adj lying, deposited | nm footwall<br />
yacer vintr to be lying down, deposited | to be<br />
located | y. con to lie or be deposited with | y.<br />
con discordancia to lie discordantly<br />
yaciente adj lying, deposited | nm footwall<br />
yacimiento nm bed, deposit | ore deposits | y.<br />
agotado exhausted deposit, worked out deposit<br />
| y. anticlinal deposit occuring within an<br />
anticline | y. con capa gasífera oil field with a<br />
gas cap | y. de carbón coal deposit | y. de<br />
condensado condensate deposit | y. de contacto<br />
contact metamorphic deposit | y. de hierro de los<br />
pantanos bog iron ore deposit | y. de<br />
impregnación impregnation or disseminated<br />
deposit | y. de magma líquido liquid magmatic<br />
deposit | y. de segregación segregation deposit |<br />
y. de substitución replacement deposit | y. en<br />
aluviones placer deposit | y. en masa massive<br />
deposit | y. epigenético epigenetic deposit | y.<br />
epitermal epithermal deposit | y. escondido blind<br />
or buried deposit | y. estratificado stratified<br />
deposit | y. estratiforme stratiform deposit | y.<br />
filoniano vein deposit | y. hipogénico hypogene<br />
deposit | y. hipotermal hypothermal deposit | y.<br />
hullero coal field | y. lenticular alargado shoe<br />
string sand deposit | y. magmático magmatic<br />
deposit | y. mesotermal mesothermal deposit |<br />
y. metalífero metalliferous mineral deposit | y.<br />
metasomático metasomatic deposit | y. mineral<br />
mineral deposit | y. no metálico non-metallic<br />
mineral deposit | y. pegmatítico pegmatitic<br />
deposit | y. petrolífero oil filed | y. plutónico<br />
plutonic deposits | y. pneumatolítico<br />
pneumatolytic deposit | y. primario primary or<br />
hypogene deposit | y. salino saline or evaporite<br />
deposits | y. secundario secondary or supergene<br />
deposit | y. singenético syngenetic deposit | y.<br />
submarino de hidrocarburos offshore hydrocarbon<br />
deposit | y. superficial surface or surficial<br />
deposit | y. supergénico supergene deposit | y.<br />
subvolcánico subvolcanic deposit | y. tabular<br />
tabular deposit | y. virgen unexploited deposit<br />
yafsoanita nf yafsoanite<br />
yagiíta nf yagiite<br />
yakatagita nf yakatagite<br />
yakutense adj Yakutsk | nm Yakutsk<br />
Yakutskense nm Yakutsk<br />
yalakomita nf [BC, Méx] yalakomite (a<br />
serpentinized ultrabasic rock used as a<br />
decorative stone)<br />
yamagutilita nf oyamalite (var zircon)<br />
yamasquita nf yamaskite (obs, amphibole<br />
jacupirangite)<br />
yamatoita nf yamatoite<br />
yanacona nm a miner who works a mine leased<br />
from an absentee owner<br />
yanolita nf axinite<br />
yapa nf mercury added to silver ore to facilitate<br />
extraction<br />
yapar vtr to add mercury to silver ore<br />
yarda nf yard of three feet | y. cuadrada square<br />
yard | y. cúbica cubic yard | y. graduada de<br />
medir yardstick<br />
yardaje nm yardage<br />
yareta nf [Bol, Pe, Ch] a resinous moss found in<br />
the Altiplano and used as a fuel<br />
Yarmouth nm Yarmouthian, Yarmouth<br />
yaroslavita nf yaroslavite<br />
yarrowita nf yarrowite<br />
yasa nf dry stream<br />
yatalita nf yatalite (obs, var pegmatite)<br />
yauca nf [Pe] a smooth, black clay with greasy<br />
lustre found in veins<br />
yavapaiíta nf yavapaiite<br />
yeatmanita nf yeatmanite<br />
yébel nm mountain, djebel, jebel<br />
yedlinita nf yedlinite<br />
yelero nm [Ve] a windy place on a snow-capped<br />
mountain<br />
yenerita nf yenerite<br />
yenita nf ilvaite<br />
yentnita nf yentnite obs<br />
Yeovilense nm Yeovilian<br />
yerba nf a flaw in an emerald<br />
yermo,-ma adj uninhabited | nm desert<br />
yesal nm gypsum mine | gypsum deposit<br />
yesar nm gypsum mine | gypsum deposit<br />
yesera nf gypsum pit | gypsum kiln<br />
yesería nf gypsum kiln<br />
yesero,-ra adj plaster | nm preparer and vendor<br />
of gypsum<br />
yesífero,-ra adj containing gypsum, gypsiferous<br />
yeso nm gypsum | chalk | plaster | y. anhidro<br />
anhydrous plaster | y. arenoso gypsum sand |<br />
y. bandeado banded gypsum | y. blanco whiting,<br />
finishing plaster | y. de enlucir gypsum plaster<br />
| y. de estucar gypsum plaster | y. de París<br />
plaster of Paris | y. de vaciar casting plaster | y.<br />
duro cement plaster | y. en cola de golondrina
Y-2<br />
selenite | y. espático selenite | y. especular<br />
selenite | y. fétido bituminous gypsum | y.<br />
fibroso fibrous gypsum | y. mate plaster of Paris<br />
| y. negro patent plaster | y. selenita selenite<br />
yesón nm gypsum cap | chunk of plaster<br />
yesoso,-sa adj gypseous, rich in gypsum |<br />
chalky<br />
yesosos nmpl [Aguascalientes, Méx] copper ores<br />
having a calcite or flourite matrix<br />
yftisita nf yftisite<br />
yimengita nf yimengite<br />
yixunita nf yixunite<br />
yneziense adj/nm Ynezian<br />
yodado,-da adj iodized | containing iodine<br />
yodar vtr to iodize<br />
yodárgira nf iodargyrite<br />
yodargirita nf iodargyrite<br />
yodato nm iodate<br />
yoderita nf yoderite<br />
yodíco,-ca adj iodic<br />
yodirita nf iodargyrite<br />
yodo nm iodine | y.-amonio ammonium iodate<br />
yodobromita nf iodian bromargyrite<br />
yodoembolita nf iodargyrite<br />
yodostonolita nf manganese pyrochlore<br />
yoduración nf iodization<br />
yodurado,-da adj iodized<br />
yodurar vtr to iodize<br />
yoduro nm iodide | y. de hidrógeno hydroiodic<br />
acid | y. de plata iodargyrite, iodyrite | y.<br />
mercuriosos mercurious iodine<br />
yofortierita nf yofortierite<br />
yohídrico,-ca adj hydroiodic<br />
yohnstonolita nf manganese pyrope<br />
yohnstrupita nf mosandrite<br />
Yorkiense nm Yorkian<br />
yosemitgranítico,-ca adj granitic<br />
yoshimuraita nf yoshimuraite<br />
ypresiano,-na adj Ypresian<br />
Ypresense nm Ypresian | adj Ypresian<br />
yterbio nm ytterbium<br />
ytrio nm yttrium<br />
ytriogranate nm yttrian garnet<br />
ytroilmenita nf samarskite<br />
ytterbita nf gadolinite-(Y)<br />
ytterita nf tengerite<br />
yttrialita nf thorium thalenite<br />
yttrita nf gadolinite-(Y)<br />
yttriumapatito nm yttrium apatite<br />
yttrobetafita nf yttrobetafite<br />
yttrocalcita nf yttrian fluorite<br />
yttrocerita nf cerian fluorite<br />
yttrocolombita nf samarskite<br />
yttrofluorita nf yttrian fluorite<br />
yttrogummita nf altered uraninite<br />
yttrohatchettolita nf uranpyrochlore<br />
yttroniobita nf samarskite<br />
yttro-ortita nf allanite-(Y)<br />
yttropirocloro nm yttropyrochlore<br />
yttrotitanita nf yttrium titanite<br />
yu nm yú (var jade)<br />
yuconita nf yukonite<br />
yugawaralita nf yungawaralite<br />
yuksporita nf pectolite.<br />
yungas nf [Ch, Pe, Bo] humid valleys on the east<br />
side of the Andes<br />
yusano,-na adj in a lower place (i.e. the footwall)<br />
yusente adj that rises or falls with the ebb tide |<br />
n.f. ebb<br />
yusero,-ra adj in a lower place (i.e. the footwall)<br />
yuso adv below (i.e. in the footwall)<br />
yuxtaponer vtr to juxtapose<br />
yuxtaposición nf juxtaposition<br />
yuxtapuesto,-ta adj juxtaposed<br />
yuxtalineal adj juxtalinear<br />
yuxtaposición nf juxtaposition
Z-1<br />
Z<br />
zabaleta nf [Linares, Sp] ash-pit of a furnace<br />
zaborra nf paving stone | gravel, grit |<br />
screenings | fragments<br />
zaborro nm [Sp] chunk of plaster<br />
zaca nf a large leather bag, like an oversize<br />
wine-skin (zaque) used to bail water out of a<br />
mine<br />
zafareche nm lake | reservoir<br />
zafir nm archaic spelling of zafiro<br />
zafireo,-ea adj sapphire-colored<br />
zafirino,-na adj sapphirine, sapphire-colored |<br />
nf blue chalcedony or agate<br />
zafirita nf a variety of blue chalcedony<br />
zafiro nm sapphire | ultramarine, lapis lazuli |<br />
z. amarillo yellow topaz, oriental topaz | z.<br />
asteria star sapphire | z. azul blue hyaline<br />
corundum | z. azul hembra light blue hyaline<br />
corundum | z. azul macho dark blue hyaline<br />
corundum | z. blanco colorless sapphire, white<br />
sapphire | z. calcedonioso milky blue sapphire<br />
| z. de agua gem cordierite | z. del Brasil blue<br />
tourmaline, indicolite | z. Du Puy Du Puy<br />
sapphire (from Expailly, near Du Puy, France)<br />
| z. estrellado sapphire with asterism | z. falso<br />
pink tourmaline | z. girasol girasol sapphire |<br />
z. ojo de gato cat's-eye sapphire | z. oriental<br />
light blue sapphire, oriental sapphire | z. rojo<br />
oriental ruby, red corundum | z. verdadero<br />
saffire | z. verde oriental emerald, green<br />
hyaline corundum | z. violeta oriental<br />
amethyst, violet hyaline corundum<br />
zafra nf gangue, waste rock<br />
zafre nm zaffer or zaffre, an oxide of cobalt<br />
zafrero nm common laborer in a mine (usually<br />
applied to muckers)<br />
zagalone nm [Cartagena and Almagrera, Sp]<br />
youth employed as an orebearer<br />
zahén adj of fine gold, generally in the case of<br />
coinage<br />
zahena nf doubloon, an old Spanish coin<br />
zahondar vtr to sink | vintr to deepen<br />
zahorra nf ballast stone<br />
zaïrita nf zaïrite<br />
zakharovita nf zakharovite<br />
zala nf borax<br />
zamarra nf slab | bloom of a Catalonian forge<br />
zamboninita nf mixture of fluorite and sellaite<br />
| nontronite<br />
zambullidor nm [Col] workman who dives<br />
underwater to recover auriferous gravels<br />
zambullir vtr [Col] to extract auriferous gravels<br />
from a streambed by diving, with the<br />
assistance of ladders, poles etc., the gravels<br />
usually being collected in bateas for washing<br />
zancleano,-na nm/adj Zanclean<br />
zangarro nm [Asientos, Méx] small mill<br />
zanja nf ditch, channel, trench | trench, cutting,<br />
or pit, such as those dug to prospect for ores |<br />
[Arg, PR] ravine, gully | z. de exploración test<br />
trench | z. de lodo mud pit | z. de préstamo<br />
borrow pit<br />
zanjadora nf ditching machine, ditcher<br />
zanjar vtr to dig a ditch or trench (note: used<br />
figuratively, zanjar means to overcome some<br />
difficulty or obstacle)<br />
zanjeador nm ditch digger<br />
zanjeadora nf ditcher<br />
zanjear vtr to dig a ditch<br />
zanjeo nm ditching, ditch digging | underhand<br />
stoping<br />
zanjón nm large or deep ditch or trench | [Arg]<br />
steep gully | [PR] solution corridor<br />
zanoga nf glacial cirque<br />
zapa nf sapping, undermining, or trenching as<br />
military engineers did in the days of seige<br />
warfare | intermediate galleries driven<br />
between main galleries<br />
zapadora nf excavator<br />
zapapico nm pick-axe, mattock<br />
zapar vtr to undermine | to excavate<br />
zapatalita nf zapatalite<br />
zaranda nf sieve, screen, or riddle, either used<br />
by hand (de mano) or mechanical<br />
zarandado,-da adj sieved, screened<br />
zarandador,-dora nm/nf screener, siever<br />
zarandar vtr to sift, sieve, screen<br />
zarandear vtr to sift, sieve, screen<br />
zarandeo nm sifting sieving, or screening | z.<br />
grosero rough screening<br />
zarandero,-ra nm or nf sifter, screen tender<br />
zarandillo nm small sieve<br />
zaratita nf zaratite<br />
zarco,-ca adj light blue<br />
zarda nf [Arg] a type of bit used for drilling<br />
wells<br />
zarzo nm roof timber in a mine<br />
zavaritskita nf zavaritskite<br />
zektzerita nf zektzerite<br />
zellerita nf zellerite<br />
zemannita nf zemannite
Z-2<br />
zemorriense nm/adj Zemorrian<br />
zenit nm zenith<br />
zenital adj azimuthal, zenithal<br />
zeofilita nf zeophyllite<br />
zeolita nf zeolite | z. azul lazulite | z. barítica<br />
barium zeolite | z. bronceada dark stilbite | z.<br />
cálcica calcium zeolite | z. cúbica chabazite | z.<br />
calcífera calcium zeolite | z. de Borkhult<br />
zeolitized anorthite | z. de Bretaña laumontite<br />
| z. de Edelfors edelforsite | z. de Sudermania<br />
spodumene | z. de Suecia spodumene | z. del<br />
Cabo prehnite | z. dura analcime | z. férrica<br />
iron zeolite | z. harinosa laumontite | z.<br />
manganésica manganese zeolite | z. nacarada<br />
stilbite | z. potásica potassium zeolite | z.<br />
radiada mesolite | z. roja edelforsite | z. sódica<br />
sodium zeolite | z. sodicálcica sodium-calcium<br />
zeolite<br />
zeolítico,-ca adj zeolitic<br />
zeolitización nf zeolitization<br />
zermattita nf chrysotile | antigorite<br />
zeugira nf metabrushite<br />
zeunerita nf zeunerite<br />
zeuxita nf acicular ferrous tourmaline<br />
zeylanita nf ceylonite<br />
zeyringita nf calcite | aragonite<br />
zeyssatita nf randanite<br />
zhemchuzhnikovita nf zhemchuzzhnikovite<br />
zianita nf kyanite<br />
ziguelina nf a brick-red var cuprite (mixed with<br />
limonite) | dolomite with finely disseminated<br />
cinnabar<br />
zigzag nm zigzag | en z. staggered<br />
zigzaguear vtr to zigzag<br />
zillerita nf tremolite-actinolite asbestos (var<br />
mountain cork)<br />
zillerthita nf tremolite-actinolite asbestos (var<br />
mountain cork)<br />
zimapanita nf zimapanite (a rejected mineral<br />
species)<br />
zinalsita nf zinalsite<br />
zinc nm zinc | z. carbonatado smithsonite | z.<br />
electrotérmico electrothermic zinc | z.<br />
hidrocarbonatado hydrozincite, calamine | z.<br />
oxidado silicífero calamine, hydrozincite<br />
zincaluminita nf zincaluminite<br />
zincazurita nf mixture of zinc sulfates and<br />
copper carbonates, zinkazurite<br />
zincífero,-ra adj zinc-bearing, zinciferous<br />
zinckenita nf zinckenite<br />
zinc-melanterita nf zinc-melanterite<br />
zincobotriogen nm zincobotryogen<br />
zincocalcita nf zinc calcite<br />
zincocopiapita nf zincocopiapite<br />
zincoferrita nf franklinite<br />
zincolivenita nf zinc olivine<br />
zinconisa nf hydrozincite, calamine<br />
zincoschefferita nf zinc schefferite<br />
zincosita nf zinc sulfate<br />
zincoso,-sa adj zincous, zincic<br />
zincrodocrosita nf zinc rhodochrosite<br />
zincrömerita nf zinc römerite<br />
zincrosasita nf zincrosasite<br />
zincsiderita nf zinc siderite<br />
zincsilita nf zincsilite<br />
zincteallita nf mixture of teallite and wurtzite<br />
zinc-zippeita nf zinc-zippeite<br />
zinkaragonito nm nicholsonite<br />
zinkboothita nf zinc boothite<br />
zinkenita nf zinkenite<br />
zinkhausmannita nf hetairite<br />
zinkisa nf tin sulfide<br />
zinkita nf zincite<br />
zinkmelanterita nf zinc melanterite<br />
zinkosita nf zinc sulfate<br />
zinkphyllita nf hopeite<br />
zinntitanita nf stanniferous sphene<br />
zinnwaldita nf zinnwaldite<br />
zinopel nm red jasper mixed with gold-bearing<br />
pyrite<br />
zinque nm zinc (archaic spelling)<br />
zippeita nf zippeite<br />
ziquitumba nf dewatering of a mine by hand<br />
labor<br />
zircarbita nf zirconium carbonate<br />
zircofilita nf zircophyllite<br />
zircón nm zircon | z. favas baddeleyite<br />
zirconiana nf zircon-bearing nepheline syenite<br />
zirconio nm zirconium<br />
zirconita nf zircon<br />
zircón-jacinto nm rosembuschite<br />
zircón-pectolita nm rosembuschite<br />
zirconolita nf zirkelite<br />
zircosulfato nm zircosulfate<br />
zirkelita nf zirkelita<br />
zirklerita nf zirklerite<br />
zirkofilita nf zircophyllite<br />
zirlita nf allophane<br />
zirsinalita nf zirsinalite<br />
ziszás nm zigzag | en z. staggered<br />
zittavita nf zittavite<br />
zoantariense nm Zoantarian<br />
zöblitzita nf serpentine<br />
zobtenita nf gabbro-gneiss
Z-3<br />
zócalo nm basement, continental platform | z.<br />
continental continental shelf, continental plain<br />
| z. estable table shelf or platform | z. insular<br />
insular shelf | z. lábil tectonically formed<br />
platform or shelf | z. liminar continental plain<br />
zocollar vtr [Ec] to clear land (preparatory to<br />
mining)<br />
zoesita nf fossiliferous chalcedony<br />
zoicita nf zoisite<br />
zoisita nf zoisite<br />
zoisitaoligoclasapegmatita nf oligoclase zoisite<br />
pegmatite<br />
zona nf zone. | area (as in la zona estudiada 'the<br />
study area') | region, belt (as in zona<br />
mineralizada 'mineralized region' or 'belt.') |<br />
layer or band of mineral in a vein (as in zonas<br />
de cuarzo, 'quartz bands') | z. abisal abyssal<br />
zone | z. abismal abyssal zone | z. aciete-agua<br />
oil-water contact | z. aclinal aclinal area | z.<br />
afótica aphotic zone | z. alterada [seis]<br />
weathered zone | z. batial bathyal zone | z.<br />
ciega [seis] blind zone | z. comprobada proven<br />
zone | z. contaminada contaminated zone | z.<br />
contigua contiguous zone | z. cortical upper<br />
crust | z. costera coastal zone (to 200 m depth)<br />
| z. crítica [topo] critical z. | z. de ablación<br />
ablation area | z. de abrasión abrasion platform<br />
| z. de acumulación accumulation zone | z. de<br />
aeración zone of suspended water | z. de<br />
agotamiento zone of depletion | z. de alteración<br />
alteration zone. | z. de anamorfismo<br />
anamorphic zone | z. de arranque root zone | z.<br />
de Benioff Benioff zone | z. de capas plegadas<br />
folded zone | z. de capilaridad capillary fringe<br />
| z. de catamorfismo katamorphic zone | z. de<br />
cementación zone of cementation | z. de<br />
cizalladura shear zone | z. de cizallamiento<br />
shear zone | z. de contacto contact zone | z. de<br />
deposición zone of deposition | z. de<br />
derrumbamiento zone of caving (in a well) | z.<br />
de desarollo development zone, pay zone | z.<br />
de descargo zone of discharge | z. de dislocación<br />
fault zone | z. de drenaje drainage area | z. de<br />
erosión zone of erosion | z. de explotación<br />
producing zone | z. de fallas fault zone, zone<br />
of faulting | z. de flujo zone of flow or plastic<br />
flow | z. de fracturamiento or fracturación or<br />
fractura fracture zone | z. de hundamiento zone<br />
of subsidence | z. de iluviación zone of<br />
illuviation | z. de infiltración zone of<br />
infiltration | z. de inundación flood area | z. de<br />
invasión invasion zone | z. de inyección<br />
injection zone | z. de las coraínas (30-90 m<br />
water depth) | z. de las laminarias (0-30 m<br />
water depth) z. de los corales (100-500 m water<br />
depth) | z. de meteorización zone of weathering<br />
| z. de mobilidad asthenosphere | z. de pérdida<br />
de circulación de lodo lost circulation zone | z.<br />
de saturación saturation zone | z. de saturación<br />
intermitente zone of intermittent saturation | z.<br />
de sedimentación zone of deposition | z. de<br />
subsidencia subsidence z. | z. de transformación<br />
metamórfica metamorphic transformation zone<br />
| z. de transición transition zone | z. de<br />
trituración crush zone | z. de turbulencia zone<br />
of turbulence | z. de vórtices whirl-zone | z.<br />
débil weak zones in the crust that form<br />
geosynclines | z. disfótica dysphotic zone | z.<br />
eufótica euphotic zone | z. explotada stope | z.<br />
extérnida external zone (in alpine folding) | z.<br />
fallada fault zone | z. firme terra firma | z.<br />
fluida lower crust | z. fracturada fracture zone<br />
| upper crust | z. fuente de contaminación [env]<br />
area source | z. glacial glacial zone | z.<br />
infiltrada infiltration zone | z. interfacial or<br />
interfase interface | z. intermedia intermediate<br />
belt | that part of a geosyncline where<br />
mountain-building occures | z. intérnida<br />
internal zone (in alpine folding ) | z. inundada<br />
flooded zone | z. glaciar or glacial glacial z. | z.<br />
intertidal intertidal z. | z. límite limiting zone<br />
| z. litoral coastal zone | z. marina de jurisdición<br />
nacional exclusive economic z. | z. mediánida<br />
zone of folding | z. medída zone of folding | z.<br />
mésida zone of folding | z. metamórfido zone of<br />
maximum metamorphism | z. miogeosinclinal<br />
miogeosyncline | z. miomagmática<br />
miogeosyncline | z. muerta dead zone | z.<br />
néritica neritic z. | z. no comprobada unproven<br />
zone, untested area | z. petrolífera oil zone | z.<br />
plegada folded zone | z. polar polar zone | z.<br />
por escalones stoping ground | z. por escalones<br />
en escalón stoping level | z. positiva positive<br />
segment [of earth's crust] | z. productora<br />
productive zone, producing zone | z. rígida<br />
stable zone | z. sísmica seismic zone or area |<br />
z. de sombra [gephys] shadow zone | z.<br />
templada temperate zone | z. tórrida torrid<br />
zone | z. vadosa vadose z.| en z. [cryst] zoned<br />
zonación nf zonation. | z. metasomática<br />
metasomatic zoning<br />
zonado,-da adj zoned<br />
zonal adj zonal<br />
zonalidad nf zonality, zoning
zonamiento nm zoning<br />
zonar adj zoned compositionally (as for a<br />
magma)<br />
zonga nf [Col] rubble stone<br />
zonificación nf zoning<br />
zonita nf [Ariz] local term for multicolored<br />
chert and jasper<br />
zonización nf [Arg] zoning<br />
zonoclorita nf zonochlorite (var pumpellyite)<br />
zonulo nm zonule<br />
zoofásmico,-ca adj zoophasmic<br />
zoógeno,-na adj of organic origin<br />
zoogeografía nf zoogeography<br />
zoolita nf sedimentary rock formed exclusively<br />
or predominantly from animal remains |<br />
biolith | zoolith<br />
zoolito nm fossilized animal<br />
zopetero nm embankment, slope<br />
zorgita nf mixture of claustalite, tiemannite,<br />
and umangite<br />
zorita nf zorite<br />
zorra nm [Bol] flatcar used in a mine to carry<br />
equipment | [Méx] assistant who carried a<br />
light for the chief miner when the latter went<br />
underground<br />
zubía nf channel, pool, swamp<br />
zuloagense nm/adj Zuloagan<br />
zunyita nf zunyite<br />
zurdo nm a shaft sunk opposite the dipping<br />
side of a vein. (this is, of course, opposite from<br />
the side of a vein one normally sinks a shaft<br />
on, unless one intends to stope from below;<br />
hence, the use of zurdo, which normally means<br />
'lefty' or 'southpaw', and in Hispanic cultures<br />
carries negative and unlucky connotations)<br />
zurlia nf mellilite<br />
zurrapa nf dregs, lees or sediment | raw<br />
sulpher containing 5 to 6% impurities<br />
zurrapiento,-ta adj muddy, turbid<br />
zurraposo,-sa adj muddy, turbid<br />
zurrón nm leather bag or sack, holding about<br />
150 lbs., used to haul ore<br />
zurronero nm workman who carries ore or<br />
waste in a zurrón<br />
zussmanita nf zussmanite<br />
zvyagintsevita nf zvyagintsevite<br />
zweiselita nf zweiselite<br />
zykaita nf zykaite<br />
Z-4