A Partial Glossary of Spanish Geological Terms ... - Pubs Warehouse

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR<br />

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<br />

A <strong>Partial</strong> <strong>Glossary</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Spanish</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Terms</strong><br />

Exclusive <strong>of</strong> Most Cognates<br />

by<br />

Keith R. Long<br />

Open-File Report 91-0579<br />

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed<br />

for conformity with U.S. <strong>Geological</strong> Survey editorial<br />

standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code.<br />

Any use <strong>of</strong> trade, firm, or product names is for<br />

descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement<br />

by the U.S. Government.<br />

1991

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Preface<br />

In recent years, almost all countries in Latin America have adopted democratic political<br />

systems and liberal economic policies. The resulting favorable investment climate has<br />

spurred a new wave <strong>of</strong> North American investment in Latin American mineral resources<br />

and has improved cooperation between geoscience organizations on both continents.<br />

The U.S. <strong>Geological</strong> Survey (USGS) has responded to the new situation through<br />

cooperative mineral resource investigations with a number <strong>of</strong> countries in Latin America.<br />

These activities are now being coordinated by the USGS's Center for Inter-American<br />

Mineral Resource Investigations (CIMRI), recently established in Tucson, Arizona.<br />

In the course <strong>of</strong> CIMRI's work, we have found a need for a compilation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Spanish</strong><br />

geological and mining terminology that goes beyond the few <strong>Spanish</strong>-English geological<br />

dictionaries available. Even geologists who are fluent in <strong>Spanish</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten encounter local<br />

terminology oijerga that is unfamiliar. These terms, which have grown out <strong>of</strong> five<br />

centuries <strong>of</strong> mining tradition in Latin America, and frequently draw on native languages,<br />

usually cannot be found in standard dictionaries.<br />

There are, <strong>of</strong> course, many geological terms which can be recognized even by geologists<br />

who speak little or no <strong>Spanish</strong>. These cognates have largely been excluded from this<br />

glossary. An exception is made for cognates that are pronounced similarly in English<br />

and <strong>Spanish</strong>, but whose spelling may render them unfamiliar to persons not familiar with<br />

the rules <strong>of</strong> <strong>Spanish</strong> pronunciation.<br />

The glossary is alphabetized in the traditional <strong>Spanish</strong> pattern, thus c/z, //, and n are<br />

treated as separate letters. A list <strong>of</strong> abbreviations, a section on weights and measures,<br />

and a list <strong>of</strong> sources consulted are given in the prefatory material.<br />

This glossary must be considered preliminary. A complete compilation satisfying the<br />

requirements <strong>of</strong> modern lexicography would require more time than the author can<br />

commit. Any user who finds errors or omissions may kindly write to the author at:<br />

Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations<br />

U.S. <strong>Geological</strong> Survey<br />

210 East Seventh Street<br />

Tucson AZ, 85705-8454

---

adj<br />

adv<br />

Aig<br />

Ariz<br />

BC<br />

Bol<br />

Br<br />

Calif<br />

CAm<br />

Ch<br />

chem<br />

Col<br />

cryst<br />

Cu<br />

EC<br />

Fr<br />

Guy<br />

Hon<br />

hyd<br />

LAm<br />

Mex<br />

«f<br />

nm<br />

NMex<br />

obs<br />

Par<br />

Pe<br />

pet<br />

Pi<br />

PR<br />

seis<br />

Sp<br />

stats<br />

StoDgo<br />

surv<br />

SWUS<br />

Ur<br />

US<br />

var<br />

vintr<br />

vpr<br />

vtr<br />

Vz<br />

Abbreviations<br />

Abreviaturas<br />

adjective<br />

adverb<br />

Argentina<br />

Arizona<br />

Baja California<br />

Bolivia<br />

Brazil<br />

California<br />

Central America<br />

Chile<br />

chemistry<br />

Colombia<br />

crystallography<br />

Cuba<br />

Ecuador<br />

French<br />

Guyana<br />

Honduras<br />

hydrology<br />

Latin America<br />

Mexico<br />

noun (feminine)<br />

noun (masculine)<br />

New Mexico<br />

obsolete<br />

Paraguay<br />

Peru<br />

petroleum<br />

plural<br />

Puerto Rico<br />

seismology<br />

Spain<br />

statistics<br />

Dominican Republic<br />

surveying<br />

southwest United States<br />

Uruguay<br />

United States<br />

variety<br />

intransitive verb<br />

reflexive verb<br />

transitive verb<br />

Venezuela<br />

adjective<br />

adverbio<br />

Argentina<br />

Arizona (EE.UU.)<br />

Baja California (Mexico)<br />

Bolivia<br />

Brasil<br />

California (EE.UU.)<br />

America Central<br />

Chile<br />

quimica<br />

Colombia<br />

cristalografia<br />

Cuba<br />

Ecuador<br />

frances<br />

Guyana<br />

Honduras<br />

hidrologia<br />

Latinoamerica<br />

Mexico<br />

sustantivo feminino<br />

sustantivo masculine<br />

Nuevo Mexico (EE. UU.)<br />

caida en desuso<br />

Paraguay<br />

Peru<br />

petroleo<br />

plural<br />

Puerto Rico<br />

sismologia<br />

Espana<br />

estadistica<br />

Santo Domingo<br />

levantamiento<br />

suroueste de las EE. UU.<br />

Uruguay<br />

Estados Unidos<br />

variedad<br />

verbo intransitive<br />

verbo pronominal<br />

verbo transitive<br />

Venezuela

---

Weights and Measures<br />

Pesos y Medidas<br />

The following is a tabulation <strong>of</strong> non-metric weights and measures used in <strong>Spanish</strong>-speaking<br />

countries. Tables <strong>of</strong> metric weights and measures may be found in almost any standard<br />

dictionary <strong>of</strong> the English and <strong>Spanish</strong> languages.<br />

Lo siguente es una compilacion de pesos y medidas no metricos c\ue se emplea en los poises Hispanos. Se<br />

pueda encontrar una tabla de pesos y medidas metricas en cualquier diccionario de ingles o espanol.<br />

Area<br />

Area<br />

A number <strong>of</strong> local measures <strong>of</strong> area are used in Spain and Latin America:<br />

almud (Venezuela)<br />

area (Venezuela)<br />

besana (Cuba)<br />

braza (Panama)<br />

cabelleria (Costa Rica)<br />

cabelleria (Cuba)<br />

cabelleria (Ecuador)<br />

cabelleria (El Salvador)<br />

cabelleria (Guatemala)<br />

cabelleria (Honduras)<br />

cabelleria (Mexico)<br />

cabelleria (Nicaragua)<br />

cabelleria (Santo Domingo)<br />

cantero (Ecuador)<br />

carga (Venezuela)<br />

caro (Santo Domingo)<br />

corral (Latin America)<br />

cuadra (Paraguay)<br />

cuadra (Uruguay)<br />

cuadro (Venez.-East)<br />

cuadro (Venez.-West)<br />

cuartilla (Venezuela)<br />

cuerda (Puerto Rico)<br />

estadal (Nicaragua)<br />

esladal (Spain)<br />

fanega (Mexico)<br />

fanegada (Peru)<br />

fanegada (Spain)<br />

fanegada (Venezuela)<br />

labor<br />

legua (Venezuela)<br />

line (Paraguay)<br />

lino (Paraguay)<br />

litro (Sucre, Venez.)<br />

400 to 25,600 meters2<br />

555 meters2<br />

2,588.77 meters2 (6.25 cordeles2)<br />

2.79 meters2<br />

42.254 hectares<br />

13.420 hectares (324 cordeles2)<br />

11.2896 hectares (16 cuadras2)<br />

44.965 hectares (64 manzanas)<br />

44.72 hectares (64 manzanas)<br />

45.027914 hectares<br />

42.7953 hectares (12fanegas)<br />

45.158 hectares (64 manzanas)<br />

75.46 hectares (1,200 tareas)<br />

441 meters2<br />

1 hectare<br />

1.293 hectares<br />

5,887 hectares<br />

7,500 meters2<br />

I.99 hectares<br />

0.64 to 1.0 hectares<br />

0.64-1.8 hectares<br />

100 to 2,500 meters2<br />

0.393 hectares (4 parcelas)<br />

II.28 meters2<br />

11.182 meters2<br />

3.5663 hectares<br />

0.646 hectares<br />

0.6426 hectares (576 estadales)<br />

0.45 to 4 hectares<br />

71.685 hectares<br />

1,600 to 2,500 hectares<br />

75.1 meters 2

---

manzana (Argentina)<br />

manzana (Costa Rica)<br />

manzana (El Salvador)<br />

manzana (Guatemala)<br />

manzana (Honduras)<br />

manzana (Nicaragua)<br />

medida (Sucre, Venez.)<br />

media (Venezuela)<br />

parcela (Puerto Rico)<br />

plaza (Venezuela)<br />

roza (Cuba)<br />

roza (Cuba)<br />

sitio de ganado menor (Mex)<br />

sitio de ganado mayor(Mex)<br />

sitio de labor(Mex)<br />

solar (Costa Rica)<br />

solar (Ecuador)<br />

suerte (Nicaragua)<br />

suerte (Uruguay)<br />

tahulla (Spain)<br />

tarea (Cuba)<br />

tarea (El Salvador)<br />

tarea (Santo Domingo)<br />

tarea (Venezuela)<br />

tablon (Venezuela)<br />

topo (Peru)<br />

topo (Peru, Cuzco)<br />

topo (Peru, Puna)<br />

yugada (Peru)<br />

yugada (Spain)<br />

1 hectares<br />

0.699 hectares (8 so/ores)<br />

0.70258 hectares (10,000 varas2)<br />

0.70 hectares (10,000 varas2)<br />

0.697225 hectares (10,000 varas2)<br />

0.744 hectares (10,000 varas2)<br />

625 meters 2<br />

0.5 hectare<br />

982.6 meters2<br />

10 to 20 meters2<br />

0.746 hectares (18 cordeles2)<br />

0.719 hectares (10.000 varas2)<br />

1348.933 hectares<br />

1,755.61 hectares (1 leguas2)<br />

1,755.61 hectares (1 leguas2)<br />

873.62 meters 2 (1,250 varas2)<br />

1,764 meters2 (4 canteros)<br />

1.41 hectares<br />

1,992 hectares (2,700 cuadras2)<br />

0.1118 hectares<br />

69.03 meters 2<br />

280 to 875 meters2<br />

628.8 meters 2<br />

50 to 833 meters 2<br />

0.6 to 1.0 hectares<br />

0.349 hectares<br />

0.272 hectares<br />

0.461 hectares<br />

32.3 hectares (50 fanegadas)<br />

32.198 hectares<br />

Assay Values<br />

Medidas de Tenor<br />

The traditional measure <strong>of</strong> silver grade in the Viceroyalty <strong>of</strong> Peru was marcos par cajon. In<br />

modern day Bolivia and Peru the cajon is defined as 5,000 and 6,000 libras respectively, hence:<br />

marco por cajon (Bolivia)<br />

marco por cajon (Peru)<br />

100 grams per tonne<br />

83.333 grams per tonne<br />

IV

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Length<br />

Distancia<br />

punto 1/12 linea<br />

linea 12 puntos<br />

pulgada 12 lineas<br />

cuartd1 8 pulgadas<br />

pie or tercia 12 pulgadas<br />

vara 3 pies<br />

ydrdd 36 pulgadas<br />

braza 2 varas<br />

estado or estadel 2 brazas<br />

cuadra2 75 frrozas<br />

WI//03 5,000 p/es, 1666 2 / 3 varas<br />

1 Except Guatemala, Nicaragua/ and Spain where a cuarta is 9 pulgadas.<br />

2 Except Colombia where 100 brazas is a cuadra and in Ecuador/ Paraguay, and Uruguay where<br />

100 varas is a cuadra.<br />

3 Except Nicaragua where a 7m7/a is 2,200 varas.<br />

In Ecuador the cuarta is known as cuarto or palma. In Guatemala a mecate is 24 paras. In Spain a<br />

oWo is 1 /12 <strong>of</strong> a palma and 1 /28 <strong>of</strong> a uara.<br />

The length <strong>of</strong> a para varies according to country:<br />

Argentina 0.8667 meters<br />

Bolivia 0.866 meters<br />

Brazil 1.111 meters<br />

Chile 0.8359 meters<br />

Colombia 0.8 meters<br />

Costa Rica 0.836 meters<br />

Cuba 0.848 meters<br />

Curacao 0.8477 meters<br />

Ecuador 0.84 meters<br />

El Salvador 0.836 meters<br />

Guatemala 0.8359 meters<br />

Honduras 0.835 meters<br />

Mexico 0.83800 meters<br />

Nicaragua 0.84 meters<br />

Panama 0.80 meters<br />

Paraguay 0.8666 meters<br />

Peru 0.8382 meters<br />

Sao Tome & Principe 4.84 meters<br />

Santo Domingo 0.836 meters<br />

Spain 0.8359 meters<br />

Spain (Burgos) 0.8359 meters<br />

Uruguay 0.859 meters<br />

Venezuela 0.838 meters<br />

A legua is the distance covered by 5,000 footsteps or pies, equivalent to 5,000 to 5,572 meters<br />

depending on the legal definition <strong>of</strong> the para. The legua is sometimes defined as 8,000 footsteps

---

or pies. The legua is also sometimes reckoned as the distance covered by horseback in one hour<br />

over level terrain. A day's ride on horseback is considered to cover 6 leguas. Legal definitions <strong>of</strong><br />

the legua vary from country to country:<br />

Argentina 6,000 varas 5.20 km<br />

Chile 5,400 varas 4.51386 km<br />

Colombia 6,250 varas 5 km<br />

Cuba 5,000 varas 4.24 km<br />

Ecuador 5 km<br />

El Salvador 4 km<br />

Guatemala 6,666.6667 varas 5.573 km<br />

Honduras 5,000 varas 4.175 km<br />

Mexico 5,000 varas 4.190 km<br />

Paraguay 5,000 varas 4.333 km<br />

Peru 5.556 km<br />

Santo Domingo 5 km<br />

Spain 6,666.667 varas 5.573 km<br />

Spain (Medievel) 5,000 varas 4.1795 km<br />

Uruguay 6/000 varas 5.154km<br />

Venezuela 5.565 km<br />

Other measures <strong>of</strong> length are:<br />

cabulla (Venezuela) 80 meters<br />

codo (Spain) 0.418 meters<br />

cordel (Cuba) 20.352 meters (24 varas)<br />

cordel (Paraguay) 69.88 meters<br />

cuerda (Paraguay) 69.88 meters<br />

linea (Arg., Para.) 2 millimeters<br />

mecate (Costa Rica) 20.064 meters (24 varas)<br />

ona (Santo Domingo) 1.188 meters<br />

paso (Spain) 1.39 meters<br />

sesma (Spain) 13.93 centimeters<br />

tercia (Costa Rica) 27.87 centimeters (1/3 vara)<br />

Volume<br />

Volumen<br />

A cajon (cargo in Spain) is a cubic vara. In Mexico a braza de piedra is defined as a block <strong>of</strong> rock 2<br />

by 4 by 1 varas in dimensions equivalent to 4.7078 cubic meters.<br />

VI

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Weight<br />

Peso<br />

grano 1/12 tomin<br />

tomin 12 granos<br />

adarme 3 famines<br />

ochava 2 adarmes<br />

onza 8 ochavas<br />

marco 8 onzas<br />

libra 2 marcos<br />

botija 125 libras<br />

arroba 25 libras<br />

almud 28 libras<br />

cuartilla 50<br />

80<br />

iarrobas<br />

2 quintales<br />

---

Paraguay<br />

Peru<br />

Santo Domingo<br />

Spain<br />

Uruguay<br />

Venezuela<br />

Other measures <strong>of</strong> weight are:<br />

almud (Venezuela)<br />

botijuela (Venezuela)<br />

bulto (Venezuela)<br />

cabulla (Venezuela)<br />

caja (Nicaragua)<br />

caja (Venezuela)<br />

cajon (Bolivia)<br />

cajon (Peru)<br />

carga (Venezuela)<br />

cotejo (Venezuela)<br />

cuadro (Venezuela)<br />

cuartilla (Venezuela)<br />

cuenta (Venezuela)<br />

barril (Fr. Guiana)<br />

fanega (Venezuela)<br />

lata (Costa Rica)<br />

litro (Venezuela)<br />

madeja (Venezuela)<br />

mancuerna (Honduras)<br />

mancuerna (Venezuela)<br />

mara (Venezuela)<br />

mil (Venezuela)<br />

paca (Venezuela)<br />

pcdito (Venezuela)<br />

paquete (Venezuela)<br />

punto (Venezuela)<br />

quilate (Colombia)<br />

quintal metrico<br />

saco (Venezuela)<br />

terdo (Venezuela)<br />

vara (Venezuela)<br />

Typical loads (cargas) for transporting ore are:<br />

man<br />

rawhide oresack<br />

fiber oresack<br />

mule<br />

wagon<br />

0.459 kilograms<br />

0.46009 kilograms<br />

0.4536 kilograms<br />

0.460093 kilograms<br />

0.4594 or 0.4 kilograms<br />

0.4609 kilograms<br />

9 to 50 kilograms<br />

5 kilograms<br />

18-80 kilograms<br />

20 kilograms<br />

16 kilograms<br />

18 to 63 kilograms<br />

2,300.4651 kilograms<br />

2,760.5581 kilograms<br />

22 to 345 kilograms<br />

5 kilograms<br />

60 kilograms<br />

2 to 10 kilograms<br />

10 to 50 kilograms<br />

100 kilograms<br />

46 to 400 kilograms<br />

453.1 grams<br />

2.5 kilograms<br />

5 to 15 kilograms<br />

1.4375 kilograms<br />

2 to 15 kilograms<br />

50 to 200 kilograms<br />

400 kilograms<br />

50 kilograms<br />

9 to 18 kilograms<br />

1.2 to 2 kilograms<br />

600 kilograms<br />

20 milligrams<br />

100 kilgrams<br />

20 to 60 kilograms<br />

40 kilograms<br />

250 grams<br />

2 arrobas<br />

2-4 arrobas<br />

5-6 arrobas<br />

8-14 arrobas<br />

120 arrobas<br />

Vlll

---

Coinage - Gold<br />

Moneda - Oro<br />

grano 1/4 quilate<br />

cjuilate 4 granos<br />

real 6 granos<br />

tomin 3 quilates, 2 tomines<br />

peso 4 tomines<br />

castellano or dineral 2 pesos<br />

marco 50 castellanos or dinerales<br />

libra 2 marcos<br />

Coinage -Silver<br />

Moneda - Plata<br />

grano 1/12 tomin<br />

tomin 12 granos<br />

dinero 2 tomines<br />

adarme 3 tomines<br />

ochava 2 adarmes<br />

onza 8 ochavas<br />

marco or dineral 8 onzas<br />

The <strong>Spanish</strong> peso was a silver coin <strong>of</strong> about 25 grams in weight.<br />

IX

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Sources Consulted<br />

Fuentes Consultados<br />

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minero: Ministerio de Industria Comercio y Turismo (Bolivia) Norma Boliviana 284/3-79,18p.<br />

___, 1980, Diccionario Rioduero: Geologia y mineralogia, 2cd. ed: Madrid, Rioduero, 238p.<br />

____, 1980, The world measurement guide: London, The Economist, 240p.<br />

Calderon, Abdon, 1920, Diccionario y vocabulario minero: La Paz, Editores Gonzalez y Medina, 23p.<br />

Chaballe, L.Y., Masuy, L., Vandenberghe, J.-P., and Salem, Shawkey, 1980, Elsevier's oil and gas field<br />

dictionary in six languages: English/American, French, <strong>Spanish</strong>, Italian, Dutch, German:<br />

Amsterdam, Elsevier, 672p.<br />

Clason, W.E., 1964, Elsevier's lexicon <strong>of</strong> international and naitonal units: Amsterdam, Elsevier, 75p.<br />

Dwight, Arthur S., 1903, A glossary <strong>of</strong> <strong>Spanish</strong>-American mining and metallurgical terms: American<br />

Institute <strong>of</strong> Mining Engineers Transactions, v. 32, p. 575-603.<br />

Ergueta Arana, Armando, 1976, La riqueza minera en Bolivia: La Paz, Bolivia, 117p. (section titled<br />

Terminos Geologicos Mineros and following, p. 100-107)<br />

Font-Altaba, M., 1979, Atlas de mineralogia, 19th ed.: Barcelona, Ediciones Jover, 85p.<br />

Fueyo Cuesta, Laureno, 1973, Diccionario termino!6gico de minas, canteras y mineralurgia: Madrid,<br />

Rocas y Minerales, 272p.<br />

Garcia-Pelayo y Gross, Ram6n and Durand, Micheline, 1983, Gran diccionario moderno espanol/ingles<br />

Larousse: Paris, Editions Larousse, 1542p.<br />

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mining, metallurgical and allied terms: London, Charles Griffith<br />

Harland, W.B., Armstrong, R.L., Cox, A.V., Craig, L.E., Smith, A.G., and Smith, D.G., 1990, A geologic<br />

time scale 1989: Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press, 263p.<br />

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Serie Fuentes Promarios 1,135p.<br />

McCann, Ferdinand, 1910, Guia minera para ingenieros y practices: Mexico City, Bouligny and<br />

Schmidt, 512p.<br />

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fishery, soils, and botany: U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report RM-152,54p.<br />

Mendez, Agustin, 1981, Diccionario basico de la industria del petroleo: Madrid, Paraninfo, 588p.<br />

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Munoz, Nicholas G., 1988, Dunham's carbonate rock classification: a <strong>Spanish</strong> terminology: Carbonates<br />

and Evaporites, v. 3, n. 1, p. 65-66.<br />

Nieto, Felix, 1891, Apuntes de mineria en forma de diccionario por el minero practice: Zacatecas,<br />

Mexico, Juan Lujan, 523p.<br />

Nogales, Luis A., and Ordonez, Alfonso, 1937, Vocabulario espanol-ingles de tecnismos de mineria,<br />

geologia y metalurgicos: Oruro, Bolivia, Imprenta Universe, 63p.<br />

Novitzky, Alejandro, 1951, Diccionario minero, metalurgico, geologico, mineralogico, petrografico y de<br />

petroleo; ingles, espanol, frances, aleman, ruso, 2 vols.: Buenos Aires, La Imprenta Chile,<br />

369+217p.<br />

de Novo, Pedro, and Chicarro, F., 1957, Diccionario de geologia y ciencias afines: Barcelona, Editorial<br />

Labor, 2 vols., 1685p.<br />

Orellana Silva, Ernesto, 1967, Diccionario ingles-espanol de ciencias de la tierra: Madrid, Interciencia,<br />

335p.<br />

Read, P.G., 1982, Dictionary <strong>of</strong> gemmology: London, Butterworth, 240p.

---

Robb, Louis Av 1949, Engineer's dictionary; <strong>Spanish</strong>-English and English-<strong>Spanish</strong>, 2cd ed.: New York,<br />

John Wiley and Sons, 664p.<br />

Roberts, Willard Lincon, Campbell, Thomas J., and Rapp, George Robert, Jr., 1990, Encyclopedia <strong>of</strong><br />

minerals, 2cd. ed.: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 979p.<br />

Rodruguez, Eduardo A., 1986, English-<strong>Spanish</strong>/<strong>Spanish</strong>-English glossary <strong>of</strong> geologic terms and<br />

common phrases; as used in the translation <strong>of</strong> text, figures, and maps for the Costa Rica Mineral<br />

Resource Assessment Project: unpublished M.S., U.S. <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, 45p.<br />

Seiglie, George A., and Weaver, John D., 1968, Glosario de terminos geologicos inglis-espanol: edicion<br />

preliminar: Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Colegio de Agricuitura y<br />

Artes Mecanicos, 84p.<br />

Tomkeieff, S.I., 1983, Dictionary <strong>of</strong> petrology: New York, John Wiley, 680p.<br />

Wyllie, R.J.M., and Argall, George O., Jr., eds., 1975, World Mining glossary <strong>of</strong> mining, processing, and<br />

geological terms; English, Svenska, Deutsch, Francais, Espanol, Rev. ed.: San Francisco, Miller<br />

Freeman, 432p.<br />

XI

---

aalenenseadj Aalenian | nm Aalenian<br />

aaleniano,-na adj Aalenian<br />

aaleniense adj Aalenian<br />

aaltar nm regolith found in western Flanders<br />

aas nm a type <strong>of</strong> sand dune<br />

a'baco nm a. trough (artesa) in which gold<br />

placers are washed | washtrough, huddle |<br />

graph, chart, nomogram<br />

abajadero nm slope, downgrade<br />

abajador nm [Sp, M£x] tool carrier in (a mine)<br />

abajamiento nm subsidence<br />

abajar vtr to lower, let down | to fall, descend<br />

abajo adv down, below, under<br />

abajor nm depression<br />

abaluartado,-da adj rock mass in the form <strong>of</strong> a<br />

bulwark (baluarte)<br />

abancalado,-da adj terraced<br />

abandonado,-da adj abandoned, as in mina<br />

abandonada which should be distinguished<br />

from una mina agotada which has been<br />

abandoned specifically due to depletion<br />

abandonamiento nm abandonment<br />

abandonar vtr to abandon | to leave, as in los<br />

mineros abandonaron la mina 'the miners left the<br />

mine' | a. un sondeo to abandon a. well<br />

abanico nm fan | fan shaped workings or stopes<br />

| a. aluvial alluvial fan | a. de deyeccion talus<br />

fan, debris cone<br />

abarrancar vtr to excavate | to form gullies<br />

abarranco,-ca adj excavated<br />

abastar vtr to furnish, supply<br />

abastecimiento nm supply | a. de agua water<br />

supply<br />

abasto nm output <strong>of</strong> a mine or mill |<br />

provisioning, supplying | abundance, great<br />

amount | a. de agua water supply<br />

abataje nm breaking ground<br />

abaton nm inaccessible location<br />

aberracidn nf aberration<br />

aberrante nm aberrant<br />

abertal adj cracked, generally by drought<br />

abertura nf opening, fissure | aperture | the<br />

reopening <strong>of</strong> a vein | driving <strong>of</strong> levels or<br />

drifting in a mine | gap or pass . ctween<br />

mountains | cove, small bay | u. de galena<br />

driving, tunneling | a. volcanica vent<br />

abetunado,-da adj very brown<br />

abichita nf [Ch] clinoclase<br />

A-l<br />

abierto,-ta adj open | flat, level (terrain)<br />

abigarrado,-da adj multi-colored, variegated |<br />

mottled<br />

abioglifo nm abioglyph<br />

abi6tico,-ca adj abiotic<br />

abisal adj abyssal<br />

abisico,-ca adj abyssal<br />

abismalo^/ abyssal<br />

abismo nm abyss | deep | steep face<br />

abisolbentico,-ca adj abyssal-benthic<br />

abisolito nm batholith<br />

abisolitico,-ca adj abyssolitic<br />

abisopelagico,-ca adj abyssal-pelagic<br />

ablacidn nf erosion | ablation<br />

ablatografo nm ablatograph<br />

abocardado,-da adj bell or funnel shaped<br />

abocarder vtr to widen the opening <strong>of</strong> or to<br />

something<br />

abocardo nm drill<br />

abocelado,-da adj torus-shaped<br />

abocinado,-da adj trumpet shaped, splayed<br />

abocinamiento nm widening<br />

abocinar vtr to widen an opening<br />

abombado,-da adj convex | swollen<br />

abombamiento nm dome | anteclise<br />

aborregado,-da adj glaciated | striated by the<br />

action <strong>of</strong> glaciers<br />

aborto de oro nm [Pe] nuggets <strong>of</strong> gold found in<br />

potholes (hucucas)<br />

abovado,-da adj arched, vaulted<br />

abra nf reopening <strong>of</strong> a vein | fissure or cleft in<br />

sand | gorge, break or fissure in a mountain |<br />

clearing, opening, gap | cove | [surv] clearing<br />

for line <strong>of</strong> sight<br />

abrasilado,-da adj deep red<br />

abrasion nf erosion by water and wind |<br />

abrasion | scour<br />

abrasivo,-ca adj abradant, abrasive<br />

abrazar vtr to enclose | to fabricate some kind<br />

<strong>of</strong> structure to prevent caving and spalling <strong>of</strong><br />

the ro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> a mine<br />

abrevadero nm flooded mine | [Col] a water<br />

filled excavation used to work placers<br />

abridura nf [Mex] enlargement (<strong>of</strong> a gallery)<br />

abrigo nm the width <strong>of</strong> a vein | inhabited cave<br />

| a. del carbon [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] argillaceous<br />

rock forming the footwall and hanging wall to<br />

coal seams<br />

abrillantar vtr to cut (diamonds or other<br />

gemstones)<br />

abrimiento nm opening

---

abrir vtr to drive or open up a working | a. el<br />

terreno to bore | a. una galeria to drift | a. un<br />

pozo to sink a shaft or well | a. un surco to dig a<br />

trench | a. un tunel to tunnel<br />

abrirse vpr to open up, widen (as for a vein)<br />

abrojos nmpl reef, hidden rocks<br />

abronzado nm tetrahedrite | [Mex] chalcopyrite<br />

and other copper ores<br />

abrupto,-ta adj terraced, scarp like | steep,<br />

sheer, abrupt | rugged, craggy<br />

absaroquita nf absarokite<br />

abscisa nf abscissa<br />

absorbencia nf absorption, absorbency,<br />

absorptivity<br />

absorbente nm absorbent, absorptive<br />

absorber vtr to absorb<br />

absorbible adj absorbable<br />

absorcion nf absorption | a. atmosferica<br />

atmospheric absorption | a. del suelo ground<br />

absorption<br />

absorsornm absorber<br />

absorto,-ta adj absorbed<br />

abstraccion nf abstraction<br />

abultar vtr to bulk, swell<br />

abundamiento nm abundance<br />

abundancia nf abundance<br />

abundante adj abundant<br />

abundar vtr to be plentiful, abound | to be rich<br />

in<br />

abundoso,-sa adj abundant<br />

abysal adj abyssal<br />

abysico,-ca adj abyssal<br />

acabalgamiento nm thrust, overthrust<br />

acadiano,-na adj Acadian | nm Acadian<br />

ac£dico,-ca adj Acadian<br />

acadiense m Acadian<br />

acamado,-da adj horizontal<br />

acampanado,-da adj bell shaped<br />

acampanar vtr to flare, splay | [Col] to clean a<br />

placer down to paydirt<br />

acampar vtr to camp | to build a camp<br />

acanalado,-da adj grooved | ribbed | fluted |<br />

corrugated, troughed<br />

acanaladura nf groove, channel<br />

acanalamiento nm grooving<br />

acanelado nm [Zacatecas, Mex] finely<br />

disseminated black, brown and yellow<br />

sphalerite mixed with argentine and<br />

pyrargyrite-proustite<br />

acantilado,-da adj steep, sheer, precipitous | nm<br />

cliff, steep slope<br />

A-2<br />

acantita nf acanthite<br />

acaobado,-da adj mahogany colored<br />

acaparrosado,-da adj copper colored<br />

acardenillado,-da adj stained by copper<br />

carbonate<br />

acarmelado,-da adj caramel colored<br />

acarmirado,-da adj carmine, crimson<br />

acarreadizo,-za adj portable | shifting (sand)<br />

acarreo nm tranported material <strong>of</strong> any kind |<br />

transport <strong>of</strong> ore, supplies, etc. | alluvium |<br />

float, drift | supply | a. acutfero conglomerate<br />

| a. fluvial silt, alluvium | river drift | a.<br />

fluvioglacial fluvioglacial drift | a. hidrdulico<br />

sluicing, hydraulicking | a. morrenico moraine<br />

| de a. placer<br />

acarreos nmpl material carried by a stream, bed<br />

load | drift | float | a. de glaciar glacial drift |<br />

a. del escurrimiento silt run<strong>of</strong>f<br />

acavernar vtr to take the form <strong>of</strong> a cavern<br />

acceso nm entrance<br />

accesorio,-ria adj accessory<br />

accidentado,-da adj rough, uneven, hilly, broken<br />

accidental adj accidental | accessory<br />

accidente nm roughness, uneveness (terrain) |<br />

any topographic feature which disrupts the<br />

regular form <strong>of</strong> a terrain | a. del terreno hills<br />

and valley | a. longitudinal parallelism <strong>of</strong><br />

vertical folds | a. topogrdfico hills and valleys<br />

accion nf share in a. mine, venture, company or<br />

property | capital stock <strong>of</strong> a. company | a.<br />

eolica aeoliation<br />

aceite nm any oil <strong>of</strong> vegetable or mineral origin<br />

aceitero,-ra adj <strong>of</strong> oil, oil<br />

aceiton nm thick oil | dregs, oily sediment<br />

aceitoso,-sa adj oily<br />

aceleracion nf acceleration | a. de gravedad<br />

gravitational acceleration<br />

acelerador nm accelerogram | a. de reaccion<br />

catalyst<br />

acelerdgrafo nm accelerograph<br />

acelerograma nm accelerogram<br />

acelerdmetro nm accelerometer<br />

acendrada n/[Pe] white marl used as a<br />

refractory<br />

acendramiento nm metal refinery<br />

acendrar vtr to refine metal<br />

acequia nf flume | [Pe] brook<br />

acerado nm [Arg] silver sulfide-bearing pyrite<br />

ore | [Peras, Mex] massive gold-bearing pyrite<br />

in milky quartz | [Guadalcazar, Mex]<br />

guadalcazarite | [Mex] stephanite, cerargyrite

---

or any other steel grey silver mineral | [Potosi,<br />

Bol] jamesonite | a. blanco [Potosi, Bol] white<br />

jamesonite | a. lejizo [Potosi, Bol] slaty<br />

jamesonite | a. zebroso [Potosi, Bol] fibrous<br />

jamesonite<br />

acerado,-da adj steely, color <strong>of</strong> steel, steel grey<br />

acerar vtr to chill, harden<br />

acerdesa nf wad or bog manganese<br />

aceria nf steel works or mill<br />

acerillo nm [Pe] small, granular crystals <strong>of</strong><br />

galena (considered to be rich in silver)<br />

acero nm steel<br />

acetato nm acetate<br />

acetico,-ca adj acetic<br />

acicularod'; acicular<br />

aciculita nf aikinite<br />

acidez adj acid ness | nf acidity<br />

acidificacidn nf acidification<br />

acidificar vtr to acidify | to acidize | vpr to<br />

acidify<br />

acidimetro nm acidmeter<br />

acido,-da adj acidic | nm acid | a acetico acetic<br />

acid | a borico boric acid | a carbolico carbolic<br />

acid | a clorhidrico hydrochloric acid | afenico<br />

carbolic acid | a hidroclorico hydrochloric acid<br />

| a hidriodico hydroiodic acid | a lodoso [pet]<br />

sludge acid | a muriatico hydrochloric acid | a<br />

nitrico nitric acid | a nitrohidroclorico nitric acid<br />

| a nitromuridtico nitric acid | a sulfurico<br />

sulfuric acid<br />

acidula nf mineral water rich in carbonic acid<br />

acidular vtr to acidulate | to acidize<br />

aciete nm oil | a. bruto crude oil | oil in bulk | a.<br />

combustible fuel oil | a. crudo crude oil | a. de<br />

alcjuitran tar oil | a. de alumbrado kerosene | a.<br />

de azufre sulfuric acid | a. de carbon coal oil,<br />

kerosene | a. de esquisto shale oil | a. de horno<br />

fuel oil | a. de lampara [Mex] kerosene | a. de<br />

taladrar drilling oil | a. de vitriolo sufuric acid |<br />

«. lampante [Sp] kerosene | a. mineral petroleum<br />

acije nm vitriol, metal sulfate | a. amarillo<br />

copiapite | a. blanco goslarite | «. de hierro iron<br />

vitriol<br />

acis nm volcanic vent | diapiric fold<br />

aclinico,-ca adj aclinic<br />

aclividad nf acclivity<br />

acimut nm azimuth<br />

acimutal adj azimuthal<br />

acobrado,-da adj copper colored<br />

acocadera nf stone cutter's chisel<br />

acodalamiento nm shoring, trench bracing<br />

A-3<br />

acodalar vtr to shore, brace<br />

acodamiento nm break | shoring, trench<br />

bracing<br />

acodar vtr to shore, brace | [surv] to <strong>of</strong>fset<br />

acometer zrfr to branch<br />

acomodana nf [Pe] ore deposit<br />

aconcharse vpr [Ch] to deposit sediment<br />

acondrito nm achondrite<br />

acontita nf [Ch] mixture <strong>of</strong> pyrite and<br />

arsenopyrite<br />

acopado,-da adj hollowed out, cupped, cup-<br />

shaped<br />

acopio nm waste heap, tailings dump<br />

acordamiento nm concordance <strong>of</strong> strata<br />

acordancia nf conformity, concordance<br />

acordanza nf artificial concordance caused by<br />

tectonic movements<br />

acostado,-da adj recumbent<br />

acostar vtr to take a vertical dip<br />

acostarse vpr to change dip or direction<br />

acotacidn nf boundary marker or monument |<br />

elevation marked on a map or plan | [Cu]<br />

elevation<br />

acotamiento nm setting <strong>of</strong> boundary markers<br />

acotar vtr to delimit, mark the boundaries <strong>of</strong> |<br />

to mark elevations | [surv] to mark out, set<br />

monuments<br />

acotilla nm sledge hammer<br />

acrecencia nf accretion<br />

acrecimiento nm accretion<br />

acrecidn nf accretion<br />

acrepie nm acre-foot<br />

acribar vtr to sift, sieve, screen<br />

acrisolar vtr to refine, assay or purify metals in a<br />

crucible (crisol)<br />

acrisolado,-da adj refined, purified in a crucibJu<br />

acrobatolitico,-ca adj acrobatholitic<br />

acroita nf achroite<br />

acromatico,-ca adj achromatic<br />

actmico,-ca adj actinic<br />

actinic nm actinium<br />

actinota nf actinolite<br />

actinoto nm actinolite<br />

activado,-da adj activated<br />

actividad nf [chem] activity<br />

Actual nm Holocene<br />

acuatico,-ca adj aquatic<br />

acueo,-ea adj aqueous<br />

dcueoglacial adj glacioaqueous<br />

dcueo-igneo,-nea adj hydroplutonic<br />

acuicierre nm aquiclude

---

acuiclusa nf aquaclude<br />

acuico,-ca adj aquic<br />

acuifera nf aquifer<br />

acuifero,-ra adj water-bearing, aquiferous | a.<br />

artesiano artesian aquifer<br />

acuifuga nf aquifuge<br />

acuitardo nm aquitard<br />

acumbrado,-da adj in the form <strong>of</strong> a pinnacle<br />

acuminado,-da adj conical<br />

acumulacidn nf deposition | accumulation |<br />

accretion<br />

acumulador de mineral nm large ore deposit<br />

acumular vtr to aggrade<br />

acumulativo,-va adj cumulative<br />

acunamiento nm truncation <strong>of</strong> strata or deposits<br />

by erosion | thinning out <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

acunarse vpr to truncate<br />

acuoso,-sa adj <strong>of</strong> or pertaining to water, aquose<br />

| aqueous, watery<br />

acuosoluble adj water soluble<br />

acustico,-ca adj acoustic<br />

acutangulo,-la adj acute angled<br />

achatado,-da adj oblate<br />

achatamiento nm levelling by erosion<br />

achatar vtr to level by erosion<br />

achicamiento nm draining <strong>of</strong> a mine<br />

achicar vtr to dewater a mine or working<br />

achiflonado,-da adj [Ch] sloping<br />

achique nm dewatering<br />

achua nf [Ch] small, earthenware pan used for<br />

making tests during the patio process <strong>of</strong><br />

amalgamating silver ores<br />

achura w/[Bol] rich ore<br />

adamantino,-na adj adamantine<br />

adamelita nf adamellite<br />

adamina nf adamite<br />

adarme nm half a dram or 1 /16 <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Spanish</strong><br />

ounce<br />

adelantado,-da adj advanced<br />

adelantarufr to advance<br />

adelgazamiento nm the thinning out <strong>of</strong> a bed or<br />

vein | a. cjue termina en curia wedging out<br />

adelgazar vtr to thin out as for veins, beds, etc.<br />

| [Col] to separate gold and concentrates<br />

(jaguas) from gravel in order to facilitate final<br />

washing<br />

adema nm [min] shore, prop<br />

ademado nm [min] timbering, bracing, shoring<br />

| [Mex] well casing | a, de cajon cribwork<br />

ademador nm timberman, shorer<br />

ademadora nf ax used in mine timbering<br />

A-4<br />

ademar vtr to shore, timber (a mine)<br />

ademe nm shore, strut | a. de -prestado temporary<br />

timbering<br />

ademantino,-na adj diamond-like, adamantine<br />

adentro adv inside | mar a. <strong>of</strong>fshore | terra a.<br />

inland<br />

adherido,-da adj adherant | attached | no a.<br />

unattached<br />

adiabatico,-ca adj adiabatic<br />

adiamantado,-da adj diamond-like, adamantine<br />

adicidn nf apposition | addition<br />

adicional nm admixture<br />

adicionante nm admixture<br />

adinola nf desmosite<br />

adipita nf chabazite<br />

adobe nm clayey, loess-like soil that is plastic<br />

when wet but hard when dried and thus<br />

suitable for brickmaking<br />

adobera nf brickyard or brick works<br />

adoguina nf desert pavement<br />

adorberia nf brickyard<br />

adsorber vtr to adsorb<br />

adsorcidn nf adsorbtion<br />

adularitizacidn nf adularitization<br />

adventicio,-cia adj adventitious<br />

adyacente adj adjacent, contiguous<br />

aegerina nf acmite<br />

aegirina nf acmite<br />

aerifero,-ra adj copper-bearing<br />

aerdbico,-ca adj aerobic<br />

aerolito nm aerolite, stony meteorite<br />

aer<strong>of</strong>otografia nf aerial photography<br />

aer<strong>of</strong>otogra'fico,-ca adj aerial photographic<br />

aer<strong>of</strong>otogrametria nf aerial photogrammetry<br />

aer<strong>of</strong>otogrametrico,-ca adj aerial<br />

photogrammetric<br />

aer<strong>of</strong>ototopografia nf topography by aerial<br />

photography<br />

aeromagnetico,-ca adj aeromagnetic<br />

aeromagnetria nf aeromagnetics<br />

aeropoligonacidn nf aerial traversing<br />

aerotopdgrafo nm aerotopograph<br />

aerotriangulacidn nf aerotriangulation<br />

aerovia de cable nf aerial tramway<br />

afallamiento nm [Mex] faulting<br />

afanesa nf aphanite, clinoclase<br />

afanita nf amphibolite | aphanite<br />

afanitico,-ca adj aphanitic<br />

afidico,-ca adj aphyric<br />

a fin adj adjacent | similar | affine<br />

aflnacidn nf refining | a. par cristalizacion

---

Pattison process for separating silver from lead<br />

afinado nm refining<br />

afinadura nf refining<br />

afinamiento nm refining<br />

afinar vtr to refine metals<br />

afino nm refining | refinery<br />

aflojadero nm [M£x] the s<strong>of</strong>t part <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

aflojar vtr to loosen, slacken | to remove ore<br />

trapped in an ore chute | a. el canalon [Col] to<br />

pan or wash material accumulated in a ground<br />

sluice (canalon)<br />

afloramiento nm outcrop | exposure<br />

aflorar en vintr to outcrop or crop out | to<br />

spring (ground water) | vtr to sift or sieve<br />

afluencia nf run<strong>of</strong>f, inflow<br />

afluente adj inflowing, affluent, tributary | nf<br />

tributary<br />

afluir vintr to flow in | to be a tributary | to<br />

open, lead<br />

aflujo nm inflow, run<strong>of</strong>f, afflux<br />

aforamiento nm valuation, appraisal | guaging,<br />

measuring<br />

aforar vtr to guage, measure capacity or tonnage<br />

| to measure or guage a flow <strong>of</strong> water | to<br />

appriase<br />

aforo nm guaging, measuring, measurement |<br />

appraisal, assessment, valuation | flow <strong>of</strong> a<br />

river | capacity<br />

afdtico,-ca adj aphotic<br />

afrechera nf [Pe] a finely divided amalgam<br />

which results from the use <strong>of</strong> insufficient<br />

mercury<br />

afrentar un hilo vtr [Col] to make a<br />

perpendicular cut accross a vein to determine<br />

its thickness, dip and strike<br />

afrolitico,-ca adj aphrolitic<br />

afrontonar vtr to muck (ore)<br />

Aftonense nm Aftonian, Giinz-Mindel<br />

interglacial<br />

aga nf red marl<br />

agalisico nm plutonic rocks<br />

agate nf agate | a. en cinta ribboned agate<br />

agente nm agent | a. catalitico catalyst | a. de<br />

tierras land man | a. mineralizador mineralizing<br />

agent | «. mineralizante minerlizing agent | a.<br />

quimico reagent | a. reductor reducing agent<br />

aglomeracidn nf agglomeration<br />

aglomerado nm agglomerate, conglomerate | a.<br />

volcanico agglutinate<br />

aglomerante nm matrix<br />

aglomerar vtr to agglomerate<br />

A-5<br />

aglutinante nm cement<br />

aglutinar ufr to agglutinate, cement | to<br />

aggregate<br />

aglutinizacion nf agglutinization<br />

agmatitico,-ca adj agmatitic<br />

agojia nf a channel cut to remove water from a<br />

mine<br />

agolpamiento nm impounding<br />

agdnico,-ca adj agonic | nf agonic line<br />

agotado,-da adj depleted, exhausted | pinched<br />

or thinned out<br />

agotamiento nm depletion | drainage<br />

agotar vtr to exhaust, deplete | to thin or pinch<br />

out | to drain, dewater<br />

agotarse vpr to pinch or thin out<br />

agradacidn nf aggradation<br />

agradar vtr to aggrade<br />

agregacion nf aggregation<br />

agregado,-da adj aggregated | nm aggregate |<br />

admixture | soil | a. coloidal admixture | a,<br />

cristalino crystal law group | a. escalonado<br />

graded aggregate | a. graduado graded<br />

aggregate | a. grueso coarse aggregate | a.<br />

paralelo crystal group | a. tal como sale run-<strong>of</strong>-<br />

mine aggregate<br />

agrietadura nf crack or fissure<br />

agrietamiento nm Assuring, fracturing<br />

agrimensor nm surveyor | a. de minus mine<br />

surveyor<br />

agrimensura nf surveying<br />

agrio,-ia adj acid or sour | brittle (ores) | rough<br />

(terrain)<br />

agrisado,-da adj greyish, grey<br />

agrupamiento nm group | a, cristalino crystal<br />

law group<br />

agua nf water | luster <strong>of</strong> diamonds and other<br />

precious stones | a. abajo downstream | a.<br />

actdula mineral water rich in carbonic acid | a.<br />

arriba upstream | a. artesiana artesian water | a.<br />

avaiable available moisture | a. blanda s<strong>of</strong>t<br />

water | a. calcdrea hard water | a. capilar<br />

capillary water | a. carbonatada carbonated<br />

water | a. congenita connate water | a. connata<br />

connate water | a. cruda hard water | a. de<br />

achique drained mine water | a. de cal lime<br />

water | «. de cantera quarry water | a. de<br />

cohesion cohesive water | a. de consolidacion<br />

water <strong>of</strong> compaction | a. de constitution water<br />

<strong>of</strong> constitution | a. de cristalizacion<br />

crystallization water | a. de descarga waste<br />

water | a. de expulsion compaction water | a. de

---

fondo ground water | bottom water (in a well)<br />

| a. deformation connate water | a. degravedad<br />

meteoric water | a. de grieta fissure water | a.<br />

de hidratation water <strong>of</strong> hydration | a. de<br />

imbibition absorption water | a. de infiltration<br />

percolation water | a. de lluvia or llovediza rain<br />

water | a. de madre water from which minerals<br />

have precipitated, mother liquor | a. de<br />

manantial spring water | a. de mar seawater | a.<br />

de mina mine water | a. de noria [Mex] well<br />

water | a. de percolation percolation water | a.<br />

de pie spring water | a. de retention pore water<br />

| a. de saturation saturation water | a. de<br />

sobresaturation dilation water | a. de tratantiento<br />

process water | a. del suelo soil water | a.<br />

delgada s<strong>of</strong>t water | a. dormida stagnant water |<br />

a. dulce s<strong>of</strong>t or fresh water | a. dura hard water<br />

| a. estancada standing or stagnant water | a.<br />

ferruginosa iron-rich mineral water | a. fosil<br />

connate water | a. fredtica ground water,<br />

phreatic water | a. fuerte nitric acid | a. gorda<br />

hard water | a. infiltrada percolation water | a.<br />

juvenil juvenile water | a. limitada bound water<br />

| a. magmdtica magmatic water | a. marginal<br />

edge water | a. metamorfica metamorphic water<br />

| a. meteorica meteoric water | a. mineral<br />

mineral water | a. natural spring water (lacking<br />

minerals) | a. oxigenada oxygenated water | a.<br />

pelicular pellicular water | a. pluvial rain water<br />

| a. potable potable water | a. regia aqua regia |<br />

a. rejuvenetida rejuvenated water | a. salada salt<br />

or saline water | a. salobre brackish or briny<br />

water | a. singenetica connate water | a. somera<br />

shallow water | a. subdlvea water in a stream<br />

bed | a. subterrdnea (underground water | a.<br />

subterrdnea endicada perched ground water | a.<br />

subterrdnea fija fixed ground water | a.<br />

subterrdnea fijada attached ground water | a.<br />

subyacente bottom or edge water | a. sucia<br />

unpotable water | a. surgente artesian water |<br />

a. surgidor artesian water | a. surtidora artesian<br />

water | a. telurica groundwater | a. termal<br />

thermal water | a. vadosa vadose water | a.<br />

vadosiana vadose water | a. viva spring water<br />

aguacero nm waterfall<br />

aguachento,-ta adj watery, full <strong>of</strong> water,<br />

saturated<br />

aguachinar vtr to saturate<br />

aguada nf flood | saturation | inundation <strong>of</strong> a<br />

mine by water | [Ch] spring<br />

aguaducho nm conduit | flood<br />

A-6<br />

agualotal nm [Arg, Cu] bog, swamp<br />

aguallita nf shallow water<br />

agualluvia nf rain water<br />

aguamarina nf aquamarine<br />

aguar vtr to water, dilute<br />

aguarse vpr to be flooded or inundated by water<br />

aguas nfpl mineral waters in general | a. abajo<br />

downstream | a. altos high water | a.<br />

aprovechables water resources | a. arriba up<br />

stream | a. artesianas artesian water | a. bajas<br />

low water | a. broncos [Mex] flood waters | a.<br />

cloacales de infiltration ground water | aguas de<br />

afloramiento upwelling | a. de cabecera [PR]<br />

headwaters | a. estiales low water | a. inmundas<br />

waste water | a. juveniles juvenile waters | a.<br />

madres mother solution | a. meteoricas meteoric<br />

water | a. minimas low water | a. pluviales rain<br />

water | a. residuales waste water | a. someras<br />

[Arg] surface water | a. teluricas [Arg] ground<br />

water | a. termales thermal waters | a. vertientes<br />

run<strong>of</strong>f | a. vivas flowing water<br />

aguatal nm [Ec] pool, swamp<br />

aguazal nm swamp, bog, marsh<br />

agudo,-da adj acute, sharp<br />

agiiilla nf water, fluid<br />

aguja nf pointed peak <strong>of</strong> a mountian | compass<br />

needle | [surv] marking pin, arrow | [Sp]<br />

small vein | [Col] small branch vein or stringer<br />

| a. de marear compass<br />

agujerar vtr to perforate<br />

agujero nm drill hole | fissure | mouth <strong>of</strong> a well<br />

agujilla nf [Hualgayoc, Pe] fibrous stromeyerite<br />

aguosidad nf water, fluid<br />

aguoso,-sa adj watery<br />

aguzado,-da adj tapering<br />

ahebrado,-da adj fibrous<br />

ahechar vtr to sift or sieve<br />

aherrumbrarse vpr to be stained by iron oxide |<br />

to aquire the color <strong>of</strong> rust<br />

ahitar vtr [surv] to set monuments<br />

ahocinarse vpr to run through a narrow canyon<br />

(rivers) | to cut a gorge<br />

ahogado,-da adj flooded, inundated, drowned |<br />

[Mex] embedded<br />

ahogar vtr to submerge, drown<br />

ahogarse vpr to be submerged | a. el oro [Col]<br />

to lose gold by being carried <strong>of</strong>f by water<br />

ahondadura nf sinking, excavation, digging<br />

ahondamiento nm sinking, excavation, digging<br />

ahondar vtr to sink a shaft | to deepen a well<br />

ahonde nm sinking, excavation, digging |

---

deepening | shaft dug to establish legal title to<br />

a claim | the depth <strong>of</strong> seven varas to which a<br />

discovery shaft must be dug to gain legal title<br />

to a claim<br />

ahuesado,-da adj bone-colored, yellowish |<br />

bone-hard<br />

ahumado,-da adj smokey<br />

aireado,-da adj aerated<br />

aislamiento nm isolation<br />

aiza nf [Bol] caving<br />

ajaquefa nf cave<br />

ajarafe nm tableland<br />

ala nf limb, side, flank<br />

alabandina nf alabandite | hyaline quartz<br />

alabastrado,-da adj alabaster, alabastrine<br />

alabastrino,-na adj alabaster, alabastrine | nf<br />

thin sheet <strong>of</strong> alabaster<br />

alabastrita nf transluscent gypsum<br />

alabastro nm alabaster | a. yesoso transluscent<br />

gypsum<br />

alado,-da adj flange-like<br />

aladrero nm [Sp] timberman (in a mine)<br />

alagadizo,-za adj subject to flooding<br />

alagado nm flooded land<br />

alagar vtr to flood<br />

alagunar vtr [Ch] to flood<br />

alajite nm [Mex] altered rhodonite<br />

alambre nm copper | bronze | metal wire | a.<br />

carril [Arg] aerial tramway<br />

alamontita nf allamontite<br />

alanita nf allanite<br />

alanoca nf an advance on wages yet to be<br />

recieved (these were regularly demanded by<br />

minga labor in <strong>Spanish</strong> colonial Peru)<br />

alasquita nf alaskite<br />

albar adj white | white-hot | nm dry, white<br />

earth<br />

albaro,-ra adj white<br />

albarazado,-da adj whitish<br />

albariza nf lagoon | dry white earth<br />

albarizo,-za adj whitish<br />

albayaldado,-da adj covered by cerussite<br />

albayalde nm cerussite | a. de plomo cerussite |<br />

a. rojo crocoite<br />

albenseoJ; Albian<br />

alberca nf pool, pond<br />

albero nm whitish earth | [Andalusia, Sp]<br />

yellow sand used for construction<br />

albertense adj Albertian<br />

albertita nf asphaltic coal | ash coal | albertite<br />

albiano,-na adj Albian<br />

A-7<br />

albica nf white earth<br />

albienseoJ; Albian | nm Albian<br />

albin nm bloodstone (a var <strong>of</strong> hematite)<br />

albina nf salt pool or marsh | albite (archaic<br />

spelling) | apophyllite | a. de marisma white<br />

deposits (madre de sal) left by salt marshes and<br />

lakes when they dry up<br />

albino,-na adj very white<br />

albitizacidn nf albitization<br />

albitizado,-da adj albitized<br />

albitdfido nm albitophyre<br />

albufera nf coastal lagoon, tidal lagoon<br />

albuhera nf pond<br />

alcalde nm justice <strong>of</strong> the peace | a. canari an<br />

Indian in charge <strong>of</strong> passing along instructions<br />

related to the mita \ a. de minus a Spaniard or<br />

Creole who was the primary judge <strong>of</strong> cases<br />

involving miners and mining | a. veedor <strong>of</strong>ficial<br />

charged with the inspection <strong>of</strong> working and<br />

mining conditions<br />

alcali nf alkali<br />

alcali-basalto nm alkali basalt<br />

alcalinidad nf alkalinity<br />

alcalino,-na adj alkaline | a.-terreo alkaline earth<br />

alcalinoterreo,-rea adj alkaline earth<br />

alcali-riolita nf alkali rhyolite<br />

alcali-riolitico,-ca adj alkali rhyolitic<br />

alcali-traquita nf alkali trachyte<br />

alcance nm reach, range | drift | coverage<br />

alcanzar a vtr to reach to, extend to | vintr to<br />

get as far as a certain point<br />

alcapparosa nf copperas | a. amarillo copiapite |<br />

a. azul chalcanthite | a. blanco goslarite<br />

alcarria nf plateau<br />

alcohol nm galena | [Bol] antimony | a. de<br />

alferos cubic crystals <strong>of</strong> galena | a. de hoja<br />

[Linares, Sp] galena containing little or no<br />

silver<br />

alcor nm hill<br />

alcotana nf pick, mattox | stone cutter's<br />

hammer<br />

alcuba nf dome, cupola<br />

alcubilla nf basin, pond<br />

alea nm risk | randomness | a funcional random<br />

function | a numerico random variable | a<br />

vectorial random vector<br />

aleacidn nf alloy<br />

aleaje nm alloy<br />

alear vtr to alloy<br />

aleatorio,-ria adj random<br />

aleatorizacidn nf randomization

---

aledano,-na adj bordering, adjacent<br />

alejamiento nm [surv] latitude | alejamientos y<br />

desciaciones latitudes and departures<br />

alejandrita nf alexandrite (a var <strong>of</strong> chrysoberyl)<br />

alemontita nf allemontite<br />

alero nm horizontal bed or layer<br />

alevante nm [Mex] overhand stope<br />

alfagra n/[Sp] channel | gorge<br />

alfaguara nf an abundant spring<br />

alfaque nm shoal, bar<br />

alferez nm an Indian serving as standard bearer<br />

in a fiesta de tabla (his contributions to the<br />

church and its <strong>of</strong>ficials exempted him from the<br />

mita for three years)<br />

alfiler de oro nm [Col] acicular gold<br />

alga nf algea<br />

algaceo,-cea adj algal<br />

algaida nf sand dune<br />

algino,-na adj algal<br />

algomano,-na adj Algoman<br />

alg6nquino,-na adj Algonkian | nm Algonkian<br />

alkalitraquita nf alkali trachyte<br />

alidada nf alidade<br />

aligacidn nf alloy | [chem] bond<br />

alimonados nmpl sulfides and other salts <strong>of</strong><br />

silver<br />

alindar vtr to mark boundaries<br />

alineacion nf lineation | lineament | alignment<br />

alinderar vtr [ Arg, Cu] to mark boundaries<br />

aljez nm crude or natural gypsum<br />

aljezarnm gypsum quarry | gypsum deposit<br />

aljibe nm well | pool | [Col] spring<br />

aljornm gypsum<br />

almacen nm warehouse | reservoir | a. royal<br />

<strong>Spanish</strong> royal storehouse for mercury (the<br />

production and distribution <strong>of</strong> which was a<br />

royal monopoly)<br />

almadaneta nf rock hammer<br />

almaden nm mine | mineral deposit<br />

almadena nf rock hammer<br />

almagra nf red ocher<br />

almagradura nf red ocher coloring<br />

almagral nm deposit <strong>of</strong> red ocher<br />

almagre nm red ocher<br />

almagrero,-ra adj abundant in red ocher | red<br />

ocher bearing<br />

almaina nf rock hammer<br />

almandina nf almandite, almandine<br />

almandino nm almandite, almandine<br />

almartaga nf litharge<br />

almendra nf an almond-shaped diamond<br />

A-8<br />

almendrilla nf fine gravel | fine coal |<br />

[Guadalcazar, Mex] almond sized fragments <strong>of</strong><br />

silicified limestone | [Aguascalientes, Mex]<br />

quartz matrix <strong>of</strong> copper veins<br />

almirez nm mortar | a. y mano mortar and<br />

pestle<br />

almoceda nf [Sp] water rights<br />

almohadillado,-da adj pillow, pillow-like<br />

almojatre nm sal ammoniac<br />

alocroita nf allochroite<br />

alocromatico,-ca adj allochromatic<br />

a!6ctono,-na adj allochthonous<br />

aldfana nf allophane<br />

alogeneo,-nea adj allogenous<br />

alogeno,-na adj allogene, allogerdc<br />

alomado,-da adj undulating<br />

alometamorfismo nm static or load<br />

metamorphism | dynamic metamorphism |<br />

contact metamorphism<br />

alometrico,-ca adj allometric<br />

alomorfita nf allomorphite<br />

aloque adj light red<br />

aloqeita nf allochetite (obs)<br />

alotigeno,-na adj allothigenic<br />

alotipo nm allotype<br />

alotriomorfico,-ca adj anhedral<br />

alotriomorfb,-fa adj allotriomorphic<br />

alotropia nf allotropy<br />

alotropico,-ca adj allotropic<br />

alpestreod; alpine | mountainous<br />

alpino,-na adj alpine<br />

alpinotipico,-ca adj alpinotype<br />

alquifol nm cubical galena | graphite<br />

alquitran nm tar | a. de hulla coal tar | a. mineral<br />

bitumen<br />

alquitranoso,-sa adj tarry<br />

alsbaquita nf alsbachite (obs, granodiorite)<br />

alta nf hanging wall | [New Almaden, Calif]<br />

layer <strong>of</strong> clay in the hanging wall <strong>of</strong> mercury<br />

deposits<br />

altearse vpr to uplift, elevate<br />

alteraci6n nf alteration | weathering | a.<br />

acumulativa accumulative weathering | a.<br />

atmosferica weathering<br />

alterado,-da adj altered<br />

altillano nm [Col] plateau<br />

altillo nm small hill<br />

altimetria nf topographical survey, running<br />

levels, altimetry<br />

altimetrico,-ca adj altimetric<br />

altimetro,-ra adj altimetric | nm altimeter

---

altiplanicie nf high plateau, tableland<br />

altiplanimetrico,-ca adj topographic<br />

altiplano nm high plain, altiplano, plateau<br />

altitud nf atltitude, elevation<br />

alto,-ta adj high, elevated<br />

alto nm height, hill | elevation | upper part <strong>of</strong> a<br />

vein, deposit or mine | [Mex] hanging wall |<br />

elevated terrain | a. homo blast furnace<br />

altozano nm small hill<br />

altura nf height or summit | altitude, elevation<br />

| level | a. de carga [hyd] head | a. piezometrica<br />

hydraulic head<br />

alud nf avalanche | a. de cenizas ash flow | a. de<br />

fondo groundslide | a. de hielo ice avalanche | a.<br />

de roca rockslide<br />

alumbrar vtr to strike, to find, to discover | to<br />

emerge (ground water) | to treat with alum,<br />

aluminate<br />

alumbre nm alum | a. de piedra alunite | a. de<br />

roca rock alum | a. potdsico potash alum<br />

alumbrera nf alum quarry<br />

alumbrico,-ca adj alum-bearing<br />

alumbroso,-sa adj aluminous<br />

alumina nf alumina<br />

aluminifero,-ra adj aluminum-bearing<br />

aluminio nm aluminum<br />

aluminita n/[Ch] an ore <strong>of</strong> potassium and<br />

aluminum sulfates<br />

aluminoso,-sa adj aluminous<br />

alutacidn nf nuggets <strong>of</strong> gold found in the<br />

weathered surface outcrop <strong>of</strong> veins or deposits<br />

aluvial adj alluvial<br />

aluvidn nm flood | alluvium, wash or silt | a.<br />

fluvio-glacial glacial outwash | a. metalifero<br />

placer | a. soplado [Col] fluvial sediments<br />

deposited by strong currents or cataracts<br />

aluvional adj alluvial<br />

aluvionamiento adj alluviation | silting up |<br />

accretion<br />

aluvionario nm [Arg] alluvial<br />

alveo nm riverbed or channel | source <strong>of</strong> a river<br />

alveolado,-da adj honeycombed<br />

alveolo nm cell<br />

alza n/[Bol] washing <strong>of</strong> gold in a lavadero<br />

alzaguera nf [Sp] spring, source<br />

alzar vtr to hoist, raise, lift<br />

amagamiento nm [Col] spring, source<br />

amalgama nf amalgam<br />

amalgamar vtr to amalgamate<br />

amarillento,-ta adj yellowish<br />

amarillez nf yellow<br />

A-9<br />

amarillo,-lla adj yellow | a. de montana yellow<br />

ocher | nm yellow | [Zacatecas, Mex] gossan<br />

| a. claro light yellow | a. oscuro dark yellow<br />

amarrar las aguas vtr [Col] to protect placer<br />

workings from inundation by means <strong>of</strong> dikes<br />

(trinchos)<br />

amarrar tonga vtr [Col] to lessen the head<br />

(tonga) <strong>of</strong> water flowing through a sluice<br />

amatista nf amythest | a. oriental a violet-<br />

colored variety <strong>of</strong> corundum<br />

amazonita nf amazonite<br />

ambarnm amber | a negro jet (var <strong>of</strong> black<br />

lignite)<br />

ambarino,-na adj amber<br />

ambiental adj environmental<br />

ambiente nm environment | setting | a. de<br />

sedimentation area <strong>of</strong> sedimentation | a.<br />

deposicional depositional environment<br />

ambito nm perimeter | area<br />

ambligonita nf amblygonite<br />

amianta nf amianthus, a fine, silky var <strong>of</strong><br />

asbestos<br />

amianto nm asbestos<br />

amigdaloide adj amygdaloidal | nm<br />

amygdaloid<br />

amigdula nf amugdule<br />

amojonar vtr [surv] to set monuments<br />

amoladera nf [Bol] sandstone<br />

amoladura nf grinding | a. glaciar glacial striae<br />

amolinar vtr [Col] to collect spalled ore in<br />

underground mines for processing | to collect<br />

ore in a ground sluice (canalon) for washing<br />

amoniaco nm ammonia<br />

amonita nf ammonite<br />

amonitico,-ca adj ammonitic<br />

amontonar vtr to pile up, make into heaps<br />

amorfo,-fa adj amorphous<br />

amortizacidn nf pay out, amortization<br />

amparar vtr to obtain title to a property | a. en la<br />

posesion to keep a property in possession by<br />

doing assessment work, etc.<br />

amparo nm maintenance <strong>of</strong> the legal right <strong>of</strong><br />

ownership by continual use<br />

ampelita nf cannel coal | ampelite | a. grdfica<br />

lithographic stone<br />

amplification nf amplification | magnification<br />

amplificador nm amplifier<br />

amplio,-lia adj wide, broad<br />

ampolla nf blister | pocket (<strong>of</strong> ore) | a large<br />

brachyanticline | a. de lava lava blister<br />

ampolloso,-sa adj porous, containing cavities

---

anaerobico,-ca adj anaerobic<br />

analcima nf analcime, analcite<br />

anabergita nf annabergite<br />

anacarado,-da adj pearly<br />

analisis nm analysis | a. armonico harmonic<br />

analysis | a. cristalqutmico crystal-chemical<br />

analysis | a. cualitativo qualitative test | a.<br />

cuantitativo quantitative test | a. de cedazo<br />

screen or sieve analysis | a. de la variancia<br />

analysis <strong>of</strong> variance | a. discriminante<br />

discriminant analysis | a. factorial factor<br />

analysis | «. ponderal gravimetric analysis | a.<br />

quimico chemical analysis<br />

analista nm and nf analyst<br />

analitico,-ca adj analytic, analytical<br />

analizador nm analyst | analyzer | a. fotometrico<br />

photometric analyzer<br />

analizar vtr to analyze<br />

anasismo nm anaseism<br />

anastomasado,-da adj anastamosing<br />

anastomosarse vpr to anastomose<br />

anatasa nf anatase<br />

anataxia nf anataxis<br />

anaxil adj anaxial<br />

anco nm [Bol] impure native silver | [Ch, Pe] a<br />

silver ore<br />

ancon nm bay, cove<br />

anconada nf large bay, cove<br />

ancho,-cha adj broad, wide | nm width,<br />

breadth<br />

anchura nf width <strong>of</strong> a bed or deposit |<br />

widening <strong>of</strong> a vein, etc. | open terrain<br />

anchuron nm chamber, room (in a mine)<br />

anchuroso,-sa adj wide, large<br />

andadero,-ra adj accessible by foot<br />

andalucita nf andalusite<br />

andana nf lineation <strong>of</strong> hill, etc.<br />

andarivel nm aerial tramway<br />

anden nm [Bol, Pe] terrace (landform)<br />

andino,-na adj Andean<br />

andurrial nm clay pit or deposit<br />

anegable adj subject to flooding<br />

anegar vtr to flood, submerge, inundate<br />

anegarse vpr to be flooded, submerged,<br />

inundated<br />

anfibio nm amphibian<br />

anfibol nm amphibole<br />

anfibolesquisto nm hornblende schist<br />

anfibolico,-ca adj amphibolic<br />

anfibolifero,-ra adj amphibole-bearing<br />

anfibolita nf amphibolite<br />

A-10<br />

anfibolizacidn nf amphibolization<br />

anfingena nf leucite<br />

anfiteatromorrenico nm glacial lodge<br />

anfotero,-ra adj amphoteric<br />

anfractuosidad nf extent <strong>of</strong> broken terrain<br />

angla nf cape<br />

angosto,-ta adj narrow<br />

angostarse vpr to thin, become narrow<br />

angostura nf narrowness | narrow, pass, gorge<br />

| narrows <strong>of</strong> a river<br />

Angoumense nm Angoumian<br />

angra nf cove, small bay<br />

anguena nf [Sp] silver ore<br />

angulo nm angle | corner | a agudo acute angle<br />

| a axil axial angle | a axil aparente apparent<br />

axial angle | a de cabeceo angle <strong>of</strong> pitch | dde<br />

cizalladura angle <strong>of</strong> shear | a de deslizamiento<br />

angle <strong>of</strong> slide | a de discordancia angle <strong>of</strong><br />

unconformity | a de estratification angle <strong>of</strong><br />

bedding | a de extintion angle <strong>of</strong> extinction | a<br />

de incidencia angle <strong>of</strong> incidence | a de inclination<br />

angle <strong>of</strong> dip, pitch | a de pendiente angle <strong>of</strong><br />

slope | a de reflexion angle <strong>of</strong> reflection | a de<br />

refration angle <strong>of</strong> refraction | a de reposo angle<br />

<strong>of</strong> repose or rest | a de rotation angle <strong>of</strong> rotation<br />

| a. de rumbo angle <strong>of</strong> strike | a externo external<br />

angle | a interno internal angle | dobtuso<br />

obtuse angle | a recto right angle | estar en a to<br />

be at an angle | formar un a con to be at an<br />

angle to | formar un a de to form an angle <strong>of</strong><br />

angulosidad nf angularity<br />

anguloso,-sa adj angular<br />

anhedral adj anhedral<br />

anhidrico,-ca adj anhydrous<br />

anhidrita nf anhydrite<br />

anhidro,-ra adj anhydrous<br />

anidado,-da adj nested<br />

aniego nm [Mex] inundation, flooding<br />

aniegue nm [Mex] inundation, flooding<br />

anihedrico,-ca adj alotriomorphic<br />

anillo nm ring, annulus | a. anual annual ring<br />

anisiano,-na adj Anisian<br />

Anisiense nm Anisian<br />

anisometrico,-ca adj anisometric<br />

anisopericlasa nf fault or fracture parallel to a<br />

fold<br />

anisotropia nf anisotropy<br />

anisotropico,-ca adj anisotropic<br />

anisotropo,-pa adj anisotropic<br />

anodo nm anode<br />

anomalia nf anomaly | a. al aire libre free air

---

anomaly | a. gravimetrica gravity anomaly | a.<br />

magnetica magnetic anomaly<br />

andmalo,-la adj anomalous<br />

anormalidad nf abnormality<br />

anorgandgeno,-na adj inorganic<br />

anorogenico,-ca adj anorogenic<br />

an6rtico,-ca adj asymmetric<br />

anortita nf anorthite<br />

anortoclasa nf anorthoclase<br />

anortosita nf anorthosite<br />

anqueria nf [Pe] silver ore that mimics cubic<br />

galena<br />

anta nf [Pe] copper | a. chacra copper mine<br />

anta'rticoj-ca adj antarctic<br />

antearrecife nm forereef<br />

antecambriano,-na adj Precambrian | nm<br />

Precambrian<br />

antecedente adj antecedent | nmpl preliminary<br />

data<br />

anteclisa nf anteclise<br />

antecubeta nf foredeep<br />

antefosa nf foreland basin, foredeep<br />

antepaisnm foreland<br />

antepecho nm bench (in a mine)<br />

antepozo nm foreshaft<br />

anticlasa nf anticlase<br />

anticlinal adj anticlinal | nm anticline | a.<br />

acostado recumbant anticline | a. asimetrico<br />

asymmetric anticline | a. calvo bald-headed<br />

anticline | a. de sill air saddle | a. desmantelado<br />

breached anticline | a. recostado recumbant<br />

anticline | a. recumbente recumbant anticline |<br />

a. simetrico symmetric anticline | a. tumbado<br />

overturned anticline | a. volcado inverted or<br />

overturned anticline<br />

anticlinorio nm anticlinorium<br />

antiduna nf antidune<br />

antiforma nf antiform<br />

antiguo,-gua adj ancient | primordial | olden,<br />

dating back to <strong>Spanish</strong> colonial times or earlier<br />

| nm mine worked in <strong>Spanish</strong> colonial times<br />

antimoniado,-da adj antimony-bearing<br />

antim6nico,-ca adj antimony, antimonic<br />

antimonio nm antimony | antimony ore | a.<br />

arsenical allemontite | a. blanco valentinite | a.<br />

gris stibnite | a. rojo kermesite<br />

antimonioso,-sa adj antimonial<br />

antidndula nf antiripple<br />

antipertita nf antiperthite<br />

antirizadura nf antiripple<br />

antitetico,-ca adj antithetic<br />

A-II<br />

ant<strong>of</strong>ilita nf anthophyllite<br />

antracita nf anthracite<br />

antracitico,-ca adj anthracitic<br />

antracito,-ta adj black<br />

antracitoso,-sa adj anthracite-bearing<br />

antro nm cave, cavern<br />

anularod1; annular<br />

anil nm indigo blue<br />

anilado,-da adj indigo blue<br />

aovado,-da adj oval, egg-shaped<br />

apacheta nf [Pe] summit or mountain<br />

apogado,-da adj extinct, quenched, extinguished<br />

apacheta nf [Pe] summit, pass<br />

apagar vtr to quench, extinguish | a. un homo to<br />

blow out a furnace<br />

apalache adj Appalachian | nm Appalachian<br />

apalancar vtr to lever | to get ore from a hopper<br />

apantanar vtr to flood, inundate<br />

aparato nm apparatus | system | a. volcanico<br />

volcanic system<br />

aparecer vintr to appear in the literal sense as in<br />

'the ship appeared on the horizon 1 thus las<br />

andesitas aparecen intruidas por unfilon does not<br />

imply any doubt about the intrusive<br />

relationship | to appear on a list<br />

aparejado,-da adj paired<br />

aparejamiento nm pairing<br />

aparejo nm apparatus, rig | a. de perforacion<br />

drilling rig<br />

aparinar vtr to show indications <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

apartado nm sorting or cobbing <strong>of</strong> ore |<br />

smelting | refining or parting <strong>of</strong> gold | smelter<br />

| a. a. mono hand sorting | casa del a. parting<br />

or assay establishment<br />

apartador nm ore picker | smelter<br />

apartamiento nm extraction <strong>of</strong> minerals<br />

apartar vtr to sort or cob ore | to part or refine<br />

during assaying | to extract minerals<br />

aparte adv separately, separated<br />

apatito nm apatite | a. fluor fluorapatite<br />

apeador nm land surveyor<br />

apeadura nf surveying<br />

apear vtr to survey | to shore, timber, brace<br />

apeo nm survey | timbering, shoring<br />

aperatura nf aperture | act <strong>of</strong> opening (a mine)<br />

apice nm apex<br />

apilamiento nm arrangement <strong>of</strong> atoms in a<br />

crystal lattice<br />

apique nm [Col] shaft or winze<br />

apireo nm [Ch] removal <strong>of</strong> ore in hand-carried<br />

baskets

---

apiri ntn ore carrier (usually a mitayo)<br />

apizarrado,-da adj slate-colored | slaty, with<br />

slaty cleavage | containing slate<br />

apizarramiento ntn slaty cleavage<br />

aplanado,-da adj complanate | leveled<br />

aplanamiento nm levelling<br />

aplanar vtr to level<br />

aplantillar vtr to dress stone according to a<br />

pattern<br />

aplastamiento nm collapsing/ crushing |<br />

flattening | a. de trozos de pomez flattening <strong>of</strong><br />

pumice fragments<br />

aplastar vtr to flatten | to crush<br />

aplastarse vpr to collapse<br />

aplogranito nm aplogranite<br />

aplomado,-da adj lead-colored/ leaden<br />

aplomado nm [Michoacan, Mex] lead-colored<br />

copper ore consisting <strong>of</strong> bornite, chalcocite,<br />

and tetrahedrite<br />

aplomarse vpr to collapse<br />

ap<strong>of</strong>ilita nf apophyllite<br />

apdfisisnm apophyses<br />

apolvillado nm [Guanajuato, Mex] a second<br />

class <strong>of</strong> rich ore from the veta madre yielding<br />

about 750 ounces silver to the ton<br />

apomagmiticOs-ca adj apomagmatic<br />

aporcelenado,-da adj porcellaneous<br />

aportacitfn nf inflow, run<strong>of</strong>f<br />

aporte nm run<strong>of</strong>f, inflow<br />

apreciacidn nf appraisal, valuation, estimation,<br />

estimate<br />

apreciar vtr to appraise, value | to make out |<br />

to see<br />

aprecio nm appraisal, valuation, estimation<br />

apretado,-da adj brief, compressed | compact<br />

apretura nf narrow opening | gorge<br />

aprovechamiento nm use, utilization |<br />

exploitation, development | reclamation<br />

aprovechar vtr to exploit an opportunity | to<br />

exploit, develop or improve any natural<br />

resource<br />

aptiano,-na adj Aptian | nm Aptian<br />

aptense adj Aptian | nm Aptian<br />

aptiense adj Aptian | nm Aptian<br />

apuntamiento nm small outcrop<br />

aquerita nf akerite (obst syenite)<br />

apurar vtr to purify metal | to concentrate ore<br />

aquilatacidn nf assay | alloy<br />

aquilatamiento nm assay<br />

aquilatar vtr to assay precious metals | to<br />

weigh precious stones | to alloy<br />

A-12<br />

aquitaniano,-na adj Aquitanian<br />

aquitaniense adj Aquitanian<br />

aragonito nm aragonite<br />

arancel nm tariff | legal exaction made by a<br />

priest to support himself and his church<br />

arbolita nf harbolite<br />

arborescencia nf arborescence<br />

arborescente adj arborescent<br />

Arcaica nf Archean<br />

arcilla nf clay | any clay mineral | a. alfareia<br />

potter's clay | a. aluminosa steatite, talc | a.<br />

apizarada slate | a. arenosa sandy clay | a.<br />

aurifera gold-bearing clay | a. de batan fuller's<br />

earth | a. caolinica feldspathic shale | a. cocida<br />

baked clay | a. enduredda claystone, clay gall |<br />

a. figulina potter's clay | a. defiltro filter clay |<br />

a. de pedernal flint clay | a. enduricida [Vz]<br />

claystone | a. esquistosa shale | a. ferruginosa<br />

clay ironstone | a. glaciar glacial material | a.<br />

gredosa gouge | a. inflamable bituminous clay |<br />

a. laminar [Vz] shale | a. pedragosa till, boulder<br />

clay | a. pizarrosa shale, slate | a. pldstica<br />

gumbo | a. refractoria refractory clay | a. rq/'a<br />

red clay | a. violacea lithomarge<br />

arcillarnm clay deposit<br />

arcillita nf claystone<br />

arcilloso,-sa adj clayey, argillaceous, argillic<br />

arco nm arc | arch | a. de islas island arc | a.<br />

insular island arc<br />

arcosa nf arkose<br />

arcosico,-ca adj arkosic<br />

arcosita nf arkosite<br />

area nf area | are (100 square meters) | a.<br />

alimentadora watershed | a asismica aseismic<br />

region | a comprobada proven territory | a de<br />

drenaje drainage area | a. de escurrimiento [Col]<br />

watershed | a de exploration exploration area |<br />

a no probada unproven area | a. vertiente<br />

watershed<br />

areg or arej nm erg, sand desert<br />

arena nf sand, grit | gold placer | a. asfdltica tar<br />

sand | a. aurifera gold-bearing sand | a. bruja<br />

fine sand | a. compacta close sand | a. cuarzosa<br />

quartz sand | a. de cantera pit sand | a. de<br />

carboncillo sun-burnt sand | a. de cava sand pit<br />

| a. de conchas shell sand | a. de cuarzo quartz<br />

sand | a. de duna dune sand | a. de escape thief<br />

sand | a. defosasand pit | a. deguijasand pit |<br />

a. de hoyo sand pit | a. de mar beach sand | a. de<br />

mina pit sand | a. de oro gold dust | a. de play a<br />

beach sand | a. de silice silica sand | a. eolica

---

aeolian sand | a. esqueleal skeletal sand | a.<br />

fluvial river sand | a. fluvialglaciar fluvialglacial<br />

sand | a. franca loamy sand | a. galuconita<br />

greensand, glauconitic sand | a. gastfera gas<br />

sand | a. gorda coarse sand | a. granftica granite<br />

wash | a. gruesa coarse sand | a. lacustre<br />

lacustrine sand | a. marina marine sand | a.<br />

movediza quicksand | a. muerta sand not mixed<br />

with earth | a. orienta [Arg] sand from<br />

Uruguay | a. oscura black sand | a. petroltfera<br />

oil sand | a. pomosa sand formed from pumice<br />

fragments | a. productiva pay sand | «. pr<strong>of</strong>unda<br />

deep (oil-bearing) sand | a. recia coarse sand |<br />

a. verde green sand<br />

arenaceo,cea adj sandy, arenaceous<br />

arenal nm large expanse <strong>of</strong> sand | sandy place<br />

or ground | sand deposit, pit, bar | [Mex]<br />

sand dune<br />

Arenigense nm Arenigian<br />

arenigiano,-na adj Arenigian | nm Arenigian<br />

arenilla nf fine sand | [Mex] tailings | [Vz]<br />

black, magnetite-bearing sand | [Col]<br />

titaniferous iron ore | [Hidalgo, Mex] smalls<br />

from ore sorting | [Ch] copper matte mixed<br />

with slag<br />

arenisca nf sandstone | a. amasada kneaded<br />

sandstone | a. arcosa arkosic sandstone | a.<br />

arcosica arkosic sandstone | a. caliza calcareous<br />

sandstone | a. glauconitica glauconitic<br />

sandstone | a. gruesa grit | a. malaxada<br />

kneaded sandstone | a. margosa marly<br />

sandstone | a. pr<strong>of</strong>unda explotable farewell sand<br />

| a. silicea silicic sandstone | «. verde green<br />

sand | a. volcanica ashy grit<br />

arenisco,-ca adj sandy<br />

areniscoso,-sa adj arenilitic<br />

arenoso,-sa adj sandy, arenaceous, arenose | nf<br />

freestone, sandstone which cleaves easily<br />

areola nf areole<br />

argarita nf marcasite<br />

argayo nm talus<br />

argentado,-da adj silver, silvery<br />

argenteo,-tea adj silver, silvery<br />

argentffero,-ra adj silver-bearing, argentiferous<br />

argentino,-na adj silvery, argentine<br />

argentoso,-sa «, silver-bearing, argentiferous<br />

argila nf clay<br />

argilita nf argil ite<br />

argilolita nf claystone<br />

argiloso,-sa adj clayey, argillaceous<br />

argilla nf clay<br />

A-13<br />

argirita nf argentite | [Bol] marcasite<br />

argirosa nm pyrargirite | argentite<br />

argon nm argon<br />

argoviano,-na adj Argovian | nm Argovian<br />

argoviense adj Argovian | nm Argovian<br />

aridez nf aridity<br />

arido,-da adj arid, dry | nmpl aggregate | a.<br />

finos fine aggregate | a. graduados graded<br />

aggregate | a. gruesos coarse aggregate<br />

arisco,-ca adj rough, uneven (terrain)<br />

arista nf arete | intersection <strong>of</strong> crystal faces at a<br />

right angle | a. polar an arista that cuts an axis<br />

<strong>of</strong> symmetry | a. hidrografica [Vz] watershed<br />

divide<br />

arkosa nf arkose<br />

armadura nf framework | [Me"x] country or host<br />

rock<br />

armar vtr to put together, assemble | v intr to<br />

be hosted by, occur in<br />

armoniaco nm sal ammoniac<br />

annonico,-ca adj harmonic<br />

aromatico,-ca adj aromatic<br />

aromatizacidn nf aromatizacion<br />

arqueada nf part <strong>of</strong> a vein that branches <strong>of</strong>f and<br />

then reunites with the vein in the form <strong>of</strong> an<br />

arch<br />

arqueado,-da adj arcuate<br />

arquamiento nm arching<br />

arqueano,-na adj Archean | nm Archean<br />

arqueociatido nm archaeocyathid<br />

arqueozoico,-ca adj Archeozoic | nm<br />

Archeozoic<br />

arqueria nf [Ch] silver amalgam<br />

arrambarse vpr to be covered by sand (after a<br />

flood)<br />

arrancar vtr to break ground, dig | to mine | to<br />

begin extraction or processing | a. el carbon to<br />

break down coal<br />

arranque nm breaking ground, digging |<br />

mining, extraction | processing | drill pattern<br />

for blasting<br />

arrasarse vpr to be filled with liquids<br />

arrastrado,-da adj dragged along, transported<br />

arrastrar vtr to drag along the ground | to haul,<br />

convey | to unite as veins into one | to scour,<br />

wash out<br />

arrastre nm creep, drag | drag-mill used to<br />

crush ore (generally misspelled in English as<br />

arrastra) \ haulage or conveyance | slope or<br />

inclination <strong>of</strong> a shaft, etc. | footwall | a. de<br />

mano hand operated drag-mill used for

---

sampling | a. de marca large drag-mill | a. de<br />

mula drag-mill powered by mules | a. ecuatorial<br />

ecuatorial drift<br />

arrastres nmpl silt, suspended matter<br />

arrate nm a pound <strong>of</strong> sixteen ounces<br />

arreador nm a person, usually Creole or mestizo,<br />

used to quicken the pace <strong>of</strong> work in a mine or<br />

mill which largely employed Indians, most <strong>of</strong><br />

whom were mitayos<br />

arrecife nm ridge <strong>of</strong> rock | reef | a. algino algal<br />

reef | a. anular annular reef | a. coralino coral<br />

reef | a. coroligeno atoll reef | a. costero fringing<br />

or shore reef | a. de algas algal reef | a. de barra<br />

or barrera barrier reef | a. franeante fringing reef<br />

| a. literal fringing reef | a. marginal fringing<br />

reef | a. orgdnico organic reef<br />

arremolinamiento nm agglomeration<br />

arremolinarse vpr to agglomerate<br />

arrendadornm lessor<br />

arrendamiento nm lease<br />

arrendar vtr to lease<br />

arrendatario nm lessee, leaseholder<br />

arriada nf flood<br />

arriarse vpr to flood<br />

arribera nf fluvial valley<br />

arrinonado,-da adj boytriodal, nodular<br />

arriscado,-da adj craggy<br />

arroba nf a weight <strong>of</strong> 25 <strong>Spanish</strong> pounds (mules<br />

could carry a maximum <strong>of</strong> 14 arrobas) \ a.<br />

granadina [Col] a weight equivalent to 125<br />

kilograms | a. inglesa quarter | a. marina a<br />

weight <strong>of</strong> 31 or 32 <strong>Spanish</strong> pounds<br />

arroyado,-da adj gullied | nf course <strong>of</strong> an<br />

arroyo<br />

arroyar vtr to gully, form gullies<br />

arroyo nm brook, stream, creek | any ephemeral<br />

water course | dry wash (less precipitous than<br />

a barranca) \ a. desecado nullah | a.<br />

subglaciar glacial stream<br />

arroyuelo nm brooklet<br />

arruga nf small fold<br />

arrugacidn nf folding <strong>of</strong> strata<br />

arrugado,-da adj wrinkled, corrugated, fluted<br />

arrugamiento nm folding <strong>of</strong> strata | small fold<br />

arrugar vtr to fold<br />

arrugia nf gold mine | working <strong>of</strong> auriferous<br />

gravels<br />

arrumbamiento nm strike <strong>of</strong> a bed, vein, etc. |<br />

bearing<br />

arrumbar vtr to outcrop<br />

arseniato nm arsenate<br />

A-14<br />

arsenico nm arsenic | a. piritoso arsenopyrite |<br />

a. rojo realgar<br />

arsenic so,-sa adj arsenious<br />

arseniuro nm arsenide<br />

arsenoblenda nf arsenic blende | a. amarilla<br />

orpiment<br />

arsenopirita nf arsenopyrite<br />

artesa nf gold pan | [Col] river basin | a. de<br />

criba screen pan | a. oscilante cradle (for<br />

washing placers)<br />

artesiano,-na adj artesian<br />

arteson nm wash trough (placer mining)<br />

artico,-ca adj arctic<br />

asbestino,-na adj asbestine, made <strong>of</strong> asbestos<br />

asbesto nm asbestos | a. actinolito actinolite | a.<br />

lignoso ligniform asbestos<br />

asbolana nf asbolite, cobalt ocher<br />

ascender a vintr to come to, amount to, reach<br />

ascenco nm ascent, uplift, raise<br />

ascharita nf szaibelyite<br />

asentamiento nm settling<br />

asentar vtr to rest upon<br />

asentarse vpr to settle<br />

asentista nm contractor, tutworker | a. de azogue<br />

contractor charged with transport <strong>of</strong> mercury<br />

from almacenes reales to silver mining centers<br />

such as Cerro Rico de Potost where the patio<br />

process <strong>of</strong> amalgamation was used for silver<br />

extraction<br />

aserrado,-da adj serrated<br />

asfalteno,-na adj asphaltene | nm asphaltene<br />

asfaltico,-ca adj asphaltic<br />

asfaltifero,-ra adj asphalt-bearing<br />

asfalto nm asphalt | a. de escorias clinker asphalt<br />

| a. mexicano chapapate | a. verde green tar<br />

ashgilliano,-na adj Ashgillian | nm Ashgillian<br />

Ashgilliense nm Ashgillian<br />

asidero nm asiderite<br />

asiento nm settling | sediment that settles in<br />

vats, etc. | a. de minus or a. mineral mineralized<br />

region<br />

asignar a vtr to assign to a formal stratigraphic<br />

unit | to allot or allocate<br />

asimetria nf asymmetry<br />

asimetrico,-ca adj asymmetric<br />

asimilacidn nf assimilation | a. magmdtica<br />

assimilation<br />

asintota nm asymptote<br />

asintdtico,-ca adj asymptotic<br />

asismico,-ca adj aseismic<br />

asociacidn nf assemblage | a. defosiles fossil

---

assemblage<br />

asociar a vtr to associate or associate with | to<br />

bracket a category, etc.<br />

asombrarse vpr to become flatter | to become<br />

more bed or manto like (veins)<br />

asomo nm outcrop | edge <strong>of</strong> a precipice | inlier<br />

aspa nf cross in the form <strong>of</strong> an X | [Pe] the<br />

intersection <strong>of</strong> two veins<br />

aspar vtr to cross in the form <strong>of</strong> an X<br />

aspecto nm aspect | a. vitreo glassy appearance<br />

aspereza nf roughness, uneveness (<strong>of</strong> terrain)<br />

aspero,-ra adj uneven, rough (terrain) | harsh<br />

asperdn nm sandstone | a. carbomfero<br />

carboniferous sandstone<br />

aspillera nf dissolution surface on carbonate<br />

rocks<br />

asquistico,-ca adj aschistic<br />

asquisto,-ta adj aschistic<br />

asta de venado nf [Pe] anglesite<br />

astenolito nm asthenolith<br />

astenosfera nf asthenosphere<br />

asteria nf asteria or asteriated sapphire | cat's<br />

eye (a var <strong>of</strong> chalcedony)<br />

asterismo nm asterism<br />

Astiano,-na adj Astian<br />

astiense nm Astian<br />

astilla nf chip, splinter, spall | [Pataz, Pe]<br />

particles <strong>of</strong> gold found in mud accumulated in<br />

street gutters after a heavy rain | a. de cantera<br />

quarry spall<br />

astillarvfr to splinter<br />

astillarse vpr to spall | to splinter<br />

astilloso,-sa adj hackly, splintery | easily<br />

chipped<br />

astrago nm soil horizon<br />

astrakanita nf astrakhanite<br />

astr<strong>of</strong>ilita nf astrophyllite<br />

atabacado,-da adj tobacco-colored<br />

atacar con acido vtr to etch with acid<br />

ataque nm [Pe] breaking ground | a. cjuimico<br />

etching | nmpl deads, waste<br />

atascadero nm swamp<br />

atectdnico,-ca adj atectonic<br />

atenuacidn nf attenuation<br />

aterramiento nm alluvium | action <strong>of</strong> silting up<br />

aterrar vtr to silt up<br />

atico,-ca adj Attic<br />

atierre nm silting up | nmpl deads, waste<br />

atincar nm refined borax<br />

atipico,-ca adj atypical<br />

atmdsfera nf atmosphere<br />

A-15<br />

atmosferico,-ca adj atmospheric<br />

atol nm atoll<br />

atoldnnm atoll<br />

atolladero nm swamp<br />

atdmico,-ca adj atomic<br />

atomo nm atom<br />

atraccidn nf attraction<br />

atravesado,-da adj crossed or cut by another<br />

vein, fault, etc. -<br />

atravesar vtr to lay across, span | to go or pass<br />

through, penetrate | to pierce, run through |<br />

to cross, go across | «. a unfilon to cut accross<br />

a vein or lode<br />

atravesarse vpr to lie across, span<br />

atravieso nm [Ch] gap, pass<br />

aturiano,-na adj Aturian | nm Aturian<br />

aturiense adj Aturian | nm Aturian<br />

aturquesado,-da adj turquoise<br />

atutia nf tutty (metal oxides encrusted on<br />

furnaces and chimneys)<br />

auerbaquita nf auerbachite<br />

augengneis nm augengneiss<br />

aulacdgeno nm aulacogen<br />

atunento nm magnification | a. de una playa<br />

advance <strong>of</strong> a beach<br />

auramalgama nf gold amalgam<br />

aureo,-rea adj gold, golden, aureate<br />

aureola nf aureole | a. albitica albitic rim | a. de<br />

contacto contact aureole<br />

auricalcita nf aurichalcite<br />

aurico,-ca adj auric, gold<br />

aurifero,-ra adj gold-bearing, auriferous<br />

autigenesis nf authigenesis<br />

autigenico,-ca adj authigenic<br />

autigeno,-na adj authigenic<br />

autoclastico,-ca nf autoclastic<br />

autocorrelacidn nf autocorrelation<br />

autdctono,-na adj autochthonous | nm<br />

autochthon<br />

autdctonon nm autochthone<br />

aut<strong>of</strong>ormacidn de brechas nf autobrecciation<br />

autointrusidn nf auto-injection, autointrusion<br />

autolito nm autolith<br />

autometamorfismo nm autometamorphism<br />

automorfo nm idiomorphic<br />

autdporo nm autopore<br />

autopotential nm selfpotential<br />

autuniano,-na adj Autunian<br />

Autuniense nm Autunian<br />

Auversense nm Auversian<br />

auxilio nm credit | a. de entre semana credit

---

<strong>of</strong>fered by a bank enabling a miner to borrow<br />

against the subsequent week's production | a.<br />

ordinario a regular credit extended by a bank at<br />

the beginning <strong>of</strong> the year to miners in a gremio<br />

de azogueros in proportion to the number <strong>of</strong><br />

stamps their mills employed<br />

avalancha nf avalanch | [Arg] flood<br />

avaluar vtr to appraise, value, estimate<br />

avance nm advance | a. de una play a advance <strong>of</strong><br />

a beach | a. del glaciar glacial advance | a. del<br />

mar transgression | a. en direction advance on<br />

strike<br />

avenamiento nm drainage, draining | a.<br />

autogeno autogenic drainage | a. centripetro<br />

internal drainage | a. desordenado aimless<br />

drainage<br />

avenarztfr to drain<br />

avenc nm [Catalonia, Sp] sinkhole<br />

avenida nf flood<br />

aventadero nm [Pe] gold placer | [Arg] shallow,<br />

Quaternary placer | [Col] placer above the<br />

banks <strong>of</strong> a river<br />

aventurino,-na adj aventurine | nf aventurine<br />

averno nm gas pocket (in a coal mine)<br />

avetado,-da adj veined, seamed<br />

aviador nm person who finances a mine,<br />

contracting for the work | person who<br />

advances funds or goods against future<br />

production from a mine<br />

aviadoro,-ra adj subject to assessment<br />

aviar vtr to finance a mine | to grubstake, lend<br />

money and equipment for working a mine<br />

avio nm preparation, provision | implement or<br />

material used in a mine | hereditary lease |<br />

funds or goods advanced for working a mine,<br />

grubstake<br />

aviso sismico nm foreshock<br />

avolcanado,-da adj volcanic<br />

axil adj axial<br />

axilaradj axilary<br />

ayllu nm social group <strong>of</strong> Andean Indians united<br />

through kinship | a drove <strong>of</strong> twenty llamas or<br />

burros in the charge <strong>of</strong> cumuris and used to<br />

transport ore<br />

azabachado,-da adj jet-black<br />

azabache nm jet (a var <strong>of</strong> lignite)<br />

azada nf a tool used to dress stone<br />

azanca nf spring<br />

azar nm chance | al a. at random<br />

azarcon nm crocoite, red lead | a. nativo minium<br />

azamefe nm orpiment<br />

A-16<br />

azimutnm azimuth<br />

azoado,-da adj nitrogenous<br />

azoar vtr to nitrogenate<br />

azoato,-ta adj nitrate | nm nitrate<br />

azoe nm nitrogen<br />

azogado nm mercury poisoning<br />

azogamiento nm mercury poisoning<br />

azogarse vpr to become poisoned by mercury<br />

azogue nm mercury | ore amenable to<br />

amalgamation with mercury | [Pachuca, Mex]<br />

second class ores | [Sinaloa, Mex] ore <strong>of</strong> silver<br />

sulfides, embolite, and copper silicate in a<br />

quartz matrix | [Batopilas, Mex] ore containing<br />

visible silver | a. apolvillado ore very amenable<br />

to amalgamation | a. comun ore generally<br />

amenable to amalgamation | a. ordinario ore<br />

generally amenable to amalgamation | a.<br />

razonable ore marginally amenable to<br />

amalgamation<br />

azogueria nf amalgamation works<br />

azoguero nm [Potosi, Bol] an owner or<br />

renter/operator <strong>of</strong> mines and mills<br />

azogueria nf amalgamating works | the<br />

amalgamation process<br />

azoico,-ca adj azoic | nm azoic | nitric<br />

azotico,-ca adj nitric<br />

azolvarse upr to silt up<br />

azolve nm silt<br />

azolvosnmp/ silt<br />

azucar nf [Col] granular s<strong>of</strong>t white calcite matrix<br />

to native gold ore<br />

azufrado,-da adj sulfurated | sulfur colored |<br />

nm sulfuring | [col] yellow ocher found in<br />

veins | [Hualgayoc, Pe] yellow ore derived<br />

from decomposition <strong>of</strong> galena | [Ch] nitrate <strong>of</strong><br />

soda (caliche) <strong>of</strong> a canary or lemon yellow color<br />

| [Pe] sulfide ore<br />

azufral nm solfatera<br />

azuframiento nm sulfuring<br />

azufrar vtr to sulfurate, impregnate with sulfur<br />

azufre nm sulfur | a. nativo native sulfur | a.<br />

vivo brimstone, molten sulfur, native sulfur<br />

azufrera nf sulfur mine<br />

azufrdn nm pyritic mineral in a pulverulent<br />

condition | [Mex] sulfide ore<br />

azufroso,-sa adj sulfurous<br />

azul adj blue | nm blue, blueness | [Cartagena,<br />

Sp] greenish-blue slate bearing disseminated<br />

galena and iron silicate | [Me"x] silver-bearing<br />

sulfide ores | a. acerado [Zacatecas, Mex]<br />

stephanite | a. celeste sky blue | a. claro light

---

lue | «. de cobalto cobalt blue | a. de montana<br />

azurite | a. de ultramar ultramarine blue | a.<br />

marino navy blue | a. oscuro dark blue | a.<br />

plomilloso [Zacatecas, Me"x] argentite | a. turqut<br />

indigo blue | a. verdoso petrol blue<br />

azulado,-da adj bluish, blue<br />

azulaque nm bitumen | [Zacualpan, Mex]<br />

argentite | [Fresnillo, Mex] disseminated<br />

pyrite, argentite, silver chloride and native<br />

silver ores distal to veins | a. y cardenilla<br />

[Guerrero, Me"x] silver-rich copper ores <strong>of</strong> blue<br />

and green colors<br />

azulenco,-ca adj bluish<br />

azulillo nm silver-bearing carbonate ore<br />

azulino,-na adj bluish<br />

azulosor-sa adj bluish<br />

azumbre nf a liquid measure <strong>of</strong> capacity<br />

equivalent to about two liters<br />

azurita nf azurite<br />

azurronado nm [Tlalpujahua, Mex] silver-<br />

bearing cubic pyrite<br />

A-17

---

6<br />

bacilarod; fibrous | bacillary<br />

bacteria nf bacteria | b. tigmotdctica thigmotactic<br />

bacteria<br />

bacularo^y rod-shaped<br />

ba'culo nm staff | [Mex] transit rod, range pole<br />

| b. de Jacob Jacob's staff<br />

badana nf bag made from cured sheepskin used<br />

to transport mercury<br />

bad^nnm gully<br />

bagazo nm drilling mud<br />

bahia nf bay<br />

baja nf fall, drop | b. ley low grade<br />

bajada nf descent | bahada (merging <strong>of</strong> several<br />

alluvial fans) | slope | drop | ebb |<br />

downgrade | ladderway<br />

bajamarnm low tide | ebb<br />

bajante nm low water, low tide<br />

bajar vintr to descend, sink | to lower | to drop<br />

or fall in price | to ebb | vtr to reduce in price<br />

| to lessen<br />

bajial nm low ground subject to flooding<br />

bajio nm bank, shoal | sandbar | lowland<br />

bajo,-ja adj low | bajo de ley <strong>of</strong> low grade<br />

bajo nm footwall | shoal or sandbank<br />

bajociano,-na adj Bajocian<br />

bajocense adj Bajocian<br />

bajociense adj Bajocian<br />

balaje nm balas ruby (a rose-red var <strong>of</strong> spinel)<br />

balanza nf balance | blind shaft | b. de Jolly Jolly<br />

balance | b. de torsion torsion balance<br />

balate nm boundary marker, survey marker |<br />

border <strong>of</strong> a trench | terrace<br />

balde nm bucket | b. de arrastre dragline bucket<br />

| b. de extraction mine bucket | b. de pozo shaft<br />

bucket<br />

balicero nm [Mex] rodman<br />

balsamo nm balsam | b. de Canada Canadian<br />

balsam<br />

banca nf bench<br />

bancada nf stope | bench<br />

bancal nm berm, bench, terrace<br />

banco nm thick bed or stratum | bank or bar <strong>of</strong><br />

a river, etc. | bench (in a quarry or mine) |<br />

[Mexj horse (barren rock within or that deflects<br />

a vein) | b. barrera barrier beach | b. de arena<br />

sandbank, sand bar | b. de avios bank which<br />

advances funds for the working <strong>of</strong> mines | b.<br />

de coral coral reef | b. de cotafija bench mark |<br />

B-l<br />

b. de grava gravel bank | b. de hielo ice floe | b.<br />

de nivel bench mark | b. de piedra thick bed <strong>of</strong><br />

stone | b. de rescates bank where silver bullion<br />

could be exchanged by miners for coin | b. de<br />

no river bank | B. Minero bank, usually state<br />

owned, set up to provide credit to small and<br />

medium-size mining enterprises | b. platero<br />

[Sinaloa, Me"x] argentiferous pyrite<br />

bandaleta nf \ en b. loop<br />

bandeado,-da adj banded | b. groseramente<br />

crudly banded<br />

bandeamiento nm banding<br />

banquear vtr to level, bench | [Col, Vz] to<br />

excavate<br />

banqueo nm leveling, benching | bench | [Col,<br />

Vz] excavation | b. de prestamo [Vz] borrow pit<br />

banqueta nf small bed or bench<br />

banquisa nf pack-ice<br />

banado nm swamp, marsh<br />

bara nf bar (unit <strong>of</strong> pressure)<br />

barcana nf barchan dune<br />

barequear vtr [Col] to extract as much <strong>of</strong> the<br />

paydirt in a placer as possible without<br />

disturbing the overburden<br />

baratina nf barite<br />

barchan nm barchan dune<br />

bario nm barium<br />

barisfera nf barysphere<br />

baritina nf barite<br />

barjdnnm barchan dune<br />

barlovento,-ta adj windward<br />

barniz nf varnish | b. del desierto desert varnish<br />

barquina nf a type <strong>of</strong> large furnace<br />

barra nf bar, ingot | sandbank, bar | b. aviada<br />

limited liability share | b. aviadora share paying<br />

assessments | b. de arena sand bar | b. de caliza<br />

granular oolitica oolitic grainstone bar | b. de<br />

mina hand drill | b. de plata [Me"x] silver ingot<br />

<strong>of</strong> 75 pounds | b. de rio shoal, bar | b. prelitoral<br />

longshore bar | b. viuda limited liability share<br />

barranca nf steep, jagged canyon, wash | cliff,<br />

bluff | gorge, ravine | slope (hill or mountain)<br />

| downgrade | [Arg] riverbank | b. abajo<br />

downhill | b. defalla fault scarp | b. de folia con<br />

erosion faultline scarp<br />

barranco nm gorge | fissure | precipice, cliff |<br />

landslide scar | [Vz] small round pits, about<br />

four feet in diameter, dug to work shallow ores<br />

barrancdn nm gorge, canyon<br />

barrancoso,-sa adj broken, rough (terrain)<br />

barranquero nm placer miner

---

arranquilla nf [Mex] gully<br />

barreal nm clay pit<br />

barremiano,-na adj Barremian<br />

barremense adj Barremian<br />

barren-dense adj Barremian<br />

barrena nf drill bit | crow bar | b. asimetrica<br />

side hill bit | b. batidora churn drill | b. de<br />

arrastre drag bit | b. de cable cable drill | b. de<br />

canteadar stone cutter's drill | b. de cateo earth<br />

borer | b. de cesto basket bit | b. de chorro jet bit<br />

| b. de muelas reamer bit | b. de perforation<br />

desuiada directional bit | b. regulable expansion<br />

bit | b. tubular core drill | b. sacanucleos core<br />

drill | b. sacatestigos core drill<br />

barrenarufr to drill<br />

barreno nm shot | drill | drill hole | [Col]<br />

drilled well<br />

barrera nf clay pit | barrier | b. prelitoral<br />

longshore bar<br />

barrero nm clay deposit | clay pit<br />

barretero nm miner employed at the working<br />

face<br />

barretdn nm heavy crowbar | [Col] miner's pick<br />

barrial nm clay pit<br />

barril nm barrel | [Fr Guiana] a weight <strong>of</strong> 100<br />

kilograms<br />

barrilla nf [Bol] grains <strong>of</strong> native copper<br />

disseminated in other copper ores | [Bol]<br />

copper or tin ore concentrates<br />

barro nm clay, loam, mud, earth, silt | marl |<br />

[Col] overburden on gold placers | b. de olleros<br />

potter's clay | b. gladariaco till | b. refractario<br />

[Cu] fire clay<br />

barroso,-sa adj muddy, clayey, silty<br />

bartoniano,-na adj Bartonian<br />

bartoniense adj Bartonian<br />

basal adj basal | basement<br />

basaltico,-ca adj basaltic<br />

basalto nm basalt<br />

basamento nm basement<br />

base nm base (<strong>of</strong> crude oil) | b. de erosion base<br />

level <strong>of</strong> erosion<br />

b£sico,-ca adj basic | basal<br />

basitas nfpl [Arg] basic rocks<br />

bastoniforme adj rod-like<br />

batea nf wooden gold pan, traditionally 20<br />

inches in diameter and 25 inches deep | b.<br />

cortadora polished gold pan 16 inches in<br />

diameter and rather less than 2 inches deep | b.<br />

lavadora variety <strong>of</strong> gold pan 16 inches in<br />

diameter and 2 inches deep | b. vetadora gold<br />

B-2<br />

pan 12 inches in diameter with ears or handles<br />

| b. zambullidora an oblong, elliptical gold pan 3<br />

to 4 feet long and 14 to 18 inches wide<br />

bataque nm [BC, M£x] deposits formed by<br />

spring waters<br />

bateria de pisones nf battery <strong>of</strong> stamps<br />

batial adj bathyal<br />

batipelagico,-ca adj bathypelagic<br />

batir vtr [Col] to work placers by force <strong>of</strong> water<br />

| b. el monte to explore for gold placers, etc.<br />

batisfera nf bathysphere<br />

batisismo nm bathyseism<br />

batolito nm batholith<br />

batoniano,-na adj Bathonian<br />

batonense adj Bathonian<br />

batoniense adj Bathonian<br />

bauleao nm [Col] pyrite cubes<br />

bayociano,-na adj Bajocian<br />

Bayociense nm Bajocian<br />

benceno nm benzene<br />

beneficiable adj millable, suitable for<br />

benefeciation, workable<br />

beneficiador nm miller | mill operator | person<br />

employed to supervise the patio process <strong>of</strong><br />

amalgamation <strong>of</strong> silver ores<br />

beneficiar vtr to work or improve a mine | to<br />

derive a pr<strong>of</strong>it from working a mine | to win<br />

metals from ore or concentrate | to smelt,<br />

refine<br />

beneficio nm working <strong>of</strong> a mine | pr<strong>of</strong>its<br />

derived from working a mine | reduction <strong>of</strong><br />

ores and concentrates, smelting | productive<br />

ore | the richest part <strong>of</strong> a deposit | b. de cazo<br />

[M£x] the hot amalgamation process <strong>of</strong><br />

reducing silver ores | b. de hierro amalgamation<br />

with the addition <strong>of</strong> iron filings | b. de metales<br />

concentration <strong>of</strong> ores | b. de patio the cold, patio<br />

process <strong>of</strong> amalgamation <strong>of</strong> silver ores | b. de<br />

toneles the Freiberg or barrel process <strong>of</strong><br />

amalgamating silver ores | b. par cianuradon<br />

cyanide process <strong>of</strong> precious metal recovery | b.<br />

por cloruradon chlorination process <strong>of</strong> metal<br />

recovery | b. porfuego recovery <strong>of</strong> metals by<br />

direct smelting <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

bencina nf gasoline, benzene<br />

bentonico,-ca adj benthic<br />

bentonitico,-ca adj bentonitic<br />

bentosnm benthos<br />

benzol nm benzene<br />

berilio nm beryllium<br />

berilo nm beryl | b. noble transparent beryl | b.

---

verdemar aquamarine<br />

berma nf berm<br />

bermelldnnm cinnabar<br />

berriasiano,-na adj Berriasian<br />

berriasiense adj Berriasian<br />

berroquena nf granite<br />

bertierita nf berthierite<br />

betumennm bitumen<br />

betunnm bitumen, asphalt | b. dejudea asphalt<br />

| b. marga bituminous marl<br />

bia"xico,-ca adj biaxial<br />

biboro nm botryolite<br />

bicarbonato nm bicarbonate<br />

bidoruro nm bichloride<br />

bicharra nf [Pe] a type <strong>of</strong> small furnace<br />

biddnnm jerry can<br />

bifurcacidn nf bifurcation, branching, forking |<br />

branch <strong>of</strong> a vein that follows along strike<br />

bifurcamiento nm branching <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

bifurcarse vpr to branch, as for a vein<br />

bimbalete nm [Pe] a crude ore mill consisting <strong>of</strong><br />

a large boulder rocked by a transverse bar<br />

binario nm binary | b. dtgito bit<br />

binche nm [Arg] cubic crystals <strong>of</strong> pyrite found<br />

in gold-bearing conglomerates<br />

binomio,-mia adj binomial<br />

bioestratigrafia nf biostratigraphy<br />

bioestratigra*fico,-ca adj biostratigraphic<br />

bioherma nf bioherm<br />

biolita nf biolith<br />

biolitita nf boundstone<br />

biolito nm organic sediment<br />

bidxido nm dioxide | b. carbanico carbon<br />

dioxide<br />

birrefringencia nf birefringence<br />

birrefringente adj birefringent<br />

bisilicato nm bisilicate<br />

bismalito nm bysmalith<br />

bismutina nf bismuthenite<br />

bismutinita nf bismuthenite<br />

bismuto nm bismuth | b. blenda eulytite | b.<br />

native native bismuth | b. acre oxide or<br />

carbonate <strong>of</strong> bismuth<br />

bisulfato nm bisulfate<br />

bisulfuro nm bisulfide<br />

bitounita nf bytownite<br />

bitumenizacidn nf bituminization<br />

biturnifero,-ra adj bituminous<br />

bituminoso,-sa adj bituminous<br />

bivalencia nf bivalence<br />

bivalenteoJ; bivalent<br />

B-3<br />

blanco,-ca adj white<br />

blandura adj s<strong>of</strong>tness | nf s<strong>of</strong>t, crumbly earth<br />

blanquizal nm pipe clay<br />

blastogranitico,-ca adj blastogranitic<br />

blastoideo,-dea adj blastoid<br />

blastoporfiritico,-ca adj blastoporphyritic<br />

blenda nf blende | sphalerite | b. acaramelada<br />

yellow sphalerite | b. amarilla yellow sphalerite<br />

| b. arsenical orpiment | b. cadmifera<br />

greenockite | b. cornea [Mex] hornblende | b. de<br />

plata pyrargyrite | b. de zinc sphalerite | b.<br />

parda brown sphalerite | b. roja red sphalerite |<br />

b. rubi red sphalerite | b. testdcea fibrous<br />

sphalerite<br />

blonco bueno nm [Guanajuato, Mex] a third<br />

class <strong>of</strong> rich ore from the veta madre <strong>of</strong> about<br />

400 ounce silver to the ton<br />

bloque nm block | b. erratico glacial erratic | b.<br />

defalias fault block<br />

bloque-diagrama nm block diagram<br />

bloquear vtr to block out (ore)<br />

bloqui nm ingot<br />

bobo,-ba adj [Ch] sterile, barren (<strong>of</strong> ore)<br />

boca nf the first opening made on a vein or lode<br />

| mouth or collar <strong>of</strong> a shaft, well or adit |<br />

mouth <strong>of</strong> a river | gap, pass, saddle | b. de<br />

glaciar glacial outlet | ice cave | b. de pozo<br />

wellhead | b. mina portal, mouth <strong>of</strong> an adit<br />

bocal nm mouth, entrance | gap, straight,<br />

narrows | pit head (coal mine)<br />

bocamejora nf auxilliary shaft<br />

bocamina nf portal, entrance to an adit or<br />

tunnel<br />

bocana nf [Col] river mouth<br />

bocarrena nf geode<br />

bocarte nm stamp mill | crusher | drag mill<br />

bocartear vtr to crush ore in a stamp mill<br />

bocarteo nm crushing <strong>of</strong> ore in a stamp mill<br />

bodega nf chamber deposit<br />

bodoque nm argentite | [Batopilas, Me"x] silver<br />

chloride<br />

b<strong>of</strong>ia nf gypsum pipe<br />

b<strong>of</strong>dnwm plug<br />

bogue nm [Sp] boghead coal<br />

bol armenico nm bole (type <strong>of</strong> red mud)<br />

boleo nm nodule <strong>of</strong> ore found in a vein |<br />

concretions <strong>of</strong> ore found in sedimentary ore<br />

deposits | [Mex] waste dump<br />

bolichar vtr to reduce ore in a boliche<br />

boliche nm bowl concentrator used in the patio<br />

process <strong>of</strong> amalgamating silver ores

---

dlido nm meteorite<br />

bolo nm [Col] a red ocher found in placers<br />

boldn nm cobble, boulder<br />

bolone nm [Ch] rounded fragment <strong>of</strong> copper<br />

ore<br />

bolsa nf richest part <strong>of</strong> a mine | rich pocket <strong>of</strong><br />

ore | small irregular deposit | vug lined with<br />

druse<br />

bolsada nf rich pocket <strong>of</strong> ore | druse | irregular<br />

deposit | pocket, cavity<br />

bolsilla nf small bunch <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

bolsdn nm bolson, internal basin | large pocket<br />

<strong>of</strong> ore<br />

bolsonada nf bunch <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

bolsonero,-ra adj [Bol] in rich ore, in pockets <strong>of</strong><br />

ore<br />

bollandiano,-na adj Bollandian<br />

bollandiense adj Bollandian<br />

bollo nm [Pe] pocket <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

bomba nf bomb (experimental) | pump | b.<br />

calorimetrica calorimetric bomb | b. volcanica<br />

volcanic bomb<br />

bonanza nf large deposit <strong>of</strong> rich ore | ore shoot<br />

| en b. yielding a pr<strong>of</strong>it, in good ore<br />

bono nm bonus | b. de caja cash bonus<br />

bononiano,-na adj Bononian<br />

bononiense adj Bononian<br />

boratera nf [Arg, Bol, Ch] borax deposit<br />

borato nm borate | [Ch] ulexite | b. calcinado<br />

calcined ulexite<br />

borde nm river bank | fringe, edge | b.<br />

continental continental borderland<br />

bordo nm edge | ore remaining in a mine<br />

bdrico,-ca adj boric, boracic<br />

boro nm boron<br />

borra nm [Me"x] matrix, gangue | barren rock |<br />

refined borax | b. de veta s<strong>of</strong>t, altered rock | en<br />

b. in unproductive ground<br />

borrasca nf an unproductive or unpr<strong>of</strong>itable<br />

mine | barren rock | b. de la capa tounging <strong>of</strong> a<br />

bed into adjacent beds | dar or caer en b. to<br />

become unproductive or unpr<strong>of</strong>itable<br />

boruro nm boride<br />

bota nf leather bag used to carry ore out <strong>of</strong> a<br />

mine<br />

botadero nm dump<br />

botamiento nm fault | dislocation<br />

botar vtr to dump<br />

botella nf flask | b. de acido acid bottle | b. de<br />

azogue flask <strong>of</strong> mercury<br />

botija nf [Bol] rawhide bucket <strong>of</strong> about 7 gallons<br />

B-4<br />

capacity<br />

botroide adj botryoidal<br />

bdveda nf cave or cavern | dome, cupola |<br />

chamber deposit | b. de sal salt dome<br />

boveddn nm [Pe] chamber<br />

boya nm [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] rich vein or<br />

pocket <strong>of</strong> ore | b. del cobre copper production<br />

boom in 1887 in Peru due to high world market<br />

prices for copper<br />

bradfordiano,-na adj Bradfordian<br />

bradfordiense adj Bradfordian<br />

bradisismo nm bradyseism<br />

braguetilla nf [Pe] crude smelting furnace, <strong>of</strong>ten<br />

no more than a roasting pit<br />

braquianticlinal nm brachyanticline<br />

braquidpodo nm brachiopod<br />

braquisinclinal nm brachysyncline<br />

brasa n/[Almade'n, Sp] reduction <strong>of</strong> mercury<br />

ore by roasting and distillation<br />

braunespato nm brown spar (any carbonate<br />

colored brown by iron)<br />

braza nf fathom (a unit <strong>of</strong> length)<br />

brazada nf [Col, Vz] fathom (a unit <strong>of</strong> length) |<br />

b. de piedra [Mex] a cubic measure used in<br />

selling building stone<br />

brazaje nm water depth<br />

brazo nm arm | branch <strong>of</strong> a stream | b.<br />

pantanoso bayou<br />

brea nf pitch or tar | asphalt | b. de altjuitran<br />

coal tar | b. de carbon coal tar | b. de hulla coal<br />

tar | b. de tierra earth pitch | b. mineral heavy<br />

oil, maltha, asphalt<br />

brecha nf breccia | opening, break, crevasse |<br />

[Col] prospecting trench | b. conchifera shell<br />

hash | b. de dislocation crush breccia | b. de<br />

falias fault breccia | b. defriccion fault breccia |<br />

b. de huesos bone breccia | b. de trituracion fault<br />

breccia | b. de talud talus breccia | b. filoniana<br />

vein breccia | b. milonita mylonitic breccia | b.<br />

osifera bone breccia | b. poligenica polygenetic<br />

breccia | b. tectonica tectonic breccia | b.<br />

volcanica volcanic breccia<br />

brechacidn nf brecciation<br />

brechifonne ad; brecciated<br />

brechoide adj brecciated<br />

brechoso,-sa adj brecciated<br />

brigada nf party, gang, crew | b. de campo field<br />

party | b. del transito transit party | b.<br />

topografica survey party<br />

brillantez nf brilliance (gems)<br />

brillo nm luster | b. anacarado pearly luster | b.

---

ceroso waxy luster | b. de antimonio antimonite<br />

| b. de antimonio argentifero miargyrite | b. de<br />

betun pitchy luster | b. de bismuto bismuthenite<br />

| b. de cobalto cobaltite | b. de cobre chalcocite |<br />

b. de hierro red hemetite | b. de plata argentite |<br />

b. diamantino adamantine luster | b. grasiento<br />

greasy luster | b. graso greasy luster | b. grasoso<br />

[Bol] greasy luster | b. mantecoso greasy luster<br />

| b. mate dull luster | b. metdlico metallic luster<br />

| b. nacarado pearly luster | b. resinoso resinous<br />

luster | b. sedoso silky luster | b. terroso earthy<br />

luster | b. vitreo glassy luster<br />

briozoario nm bryozoan<br />

brocado nm [Pe] low-grade ore<br />

brocal nm collar (<strong>of</strong> a shaft) | entrance (to an<br />

adit)<br />

brocantita nf brochantite<br />

broceo nm [Ch] barreness or sterility <strong>of</strong> an ore<br />

deposit | en broceo in barren ground<br />

bromargira nf bromargyrite<br />

bromargirita nf bromargyrite<br />

bromo nm bromine<br />

bromuro nm bromide<br />

bronce nm bronze | pyrite | any mineral <strong>of</strong> a<br />

bronze color | [Pe] iron and copper sulfide<br />

ores | b. bruno [Zacatecas, Me"x] silver-bearing<br />

pyrite | b. amarillo pyrite or chalcopyrite | b.<br />

anilado covellite | b. apretado pyrite | b. blanco<br />

pyrite | [Potosi, Bol] arsenopyrite | b. bueno<br />

[Guanajuato, Me"x] silver-bearing pyrite | b.<br />

chino pyrite or chalcopyrite | b. de cobre<br />

chalcopyrite | b. dorado chalcopyrite | b. malo<br />

[Guanajuato, Mex] pyrite barren <strong>of</strong> silver | b.<br />

morado bornite | b. nochistle chalcopyrite | b.<br />

plateado [Ch] copper sulfide ore | b. platero<br />

silver-bearing pyrite<br />

broncita nf bronzite<br />

bronco nm greenhorn, bronco (new, unproven<br />

oil field employee) | [Mex] loose, rock ready<br />

to fall<br />

bronzado,-da adj [Pe] containing copper and<br />

iron sulfide ore or bronces<br />

bronzudo nm [Me"x] pyritic ore<br />

broquita nf brookite<br />

brosa nf [Bol] low-grade ore<br />

broseo nm [Bol] weathering and decomposition<br />

<strong>of</strong> ores<br />

brosiri nm worker, usually minga used to break<br />

B-5<br />

up ore<br />

brotadero nm seep, spring, source<br />

brotar vtr to outcrop | to seep, emerge<br />

(ground water)<br />

brotazdn de veta nm [Mex] apex <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

brote nm [Cu] outcrop | b. defiltracion seepage<br />

outcrop<br />

broza nf [Bol, Pe] barren part <strong>of</strong> a vein | low<br />

grade ore | [Bol] coarse-grained minerals |<br />

[Ch] mine waste<br />

buitrdn nm section <strong>of</strong> the patio <strong>of</strong> an ingenio<br />

where each cuerpo <strong>of</strong> ore was treated by the<br />

patio process <strong>of</strong> amalgamation <strong>of</strong> silver ores (a<br />

patio was generally divided into several<br />

buitrones)<br />

brujula nf compass | b. de geologo geologist's<br />

compass | b. minera mine compass<br />

bruno,-na adj dark brown<br />

bruto,-ta adj coarse, rough | crude<br />

buche nm [Col] pocket <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

bucle nm shield<br />

bufa nf [Mazipal, Me"x] beds <strong>of</strong> brown iron ore<br />

and malachite<br />

buncenita nf bunsenite<br />

burdigaliano,-na adj Burdigalian<br />

burdigaliense adj Burdigalian<br />

burga nf hot spring<br />

buro nm chalk | marl<br />

burrear vtr [Sp] to carry ore on one's shoulders<br />

busca nf search, exploration | [Mex] ore taken<br />

out by prospectors<br />

buscadornm prospector<br />

buscar vtr to prospect or explore<br />

buscdnnm prospector<br />

busconero nm prospector<br />

busqueda nf search | b. de informacidn scouting<br />

a well<br />

butano nm butane<br />

buzamiento nm dip, inclination | pitch | angle<br />

<strong>of</strong> dip | [Ch] plunge (in Chile manteo is used<br />

for dip) I b. aparente apparent dip | b. arriba<br />

updip | b. axil plunge | b. del eje plunge | b. en<br />

cupula quaquaversal dip<br />

buzanteod/' plunging<br />

buzar vtr to dip

---

cabalgar vtr to overlap | to thrust, overthrust<br />

cabalgadornm nappe<br />

cabalgamiento nm thrust, overthrust | c.<br />

horizontal apparent heave | c. inclinado<br />

apparent slip | c. vertical apparent throw<br />

caballeria nf a measure <strong>of</strong> land area<br />

caballete nm [Me"x] horse (waste rock within or<br />

between veins)<br />

caballero nm spoil bank<br />

caballo nm horse (waste rock within or<br />

between veins) | c. de piedra [Amolanas, Ch]<br />

basic, barren intrusions into quartz porphyry |<br />

c. de pena [Col] horse | c. de tepetate horse<br />

cabecera nf headwaters <strong>of</strong> a river | summit <strong>of</strong> a<br />

hill or ridge | [Bol] a working in the upper part<br />

<strong>of</strong> a mine | de c. accross a vein<br />

cabeza n/[Me"x] outcrop | [Col] upper part <strong>of</strong> a<br />

placer working | c. de ingenio stamp (in a mill)<br />

| c. de mina mine entrance | c. de moro a var <strong>of</strong><br />

tourmaline<br />

cabezo nm reef, submerged rock<br />

cabezdn nm rapids | boulder | eddy, whirlpool<br />

| [Col] point at which a current <strong>of</strong> water loses<br />

velocity such that material in suspension is<br />

deposited<br />

cabezuela nf [San Dimas, M£x] concentrates<br />

rich in gold and silver<br />

cablevia nf cableway, aerial tramway<br />

cabo nm cape<br />

cabuchdn nm rough, unpolished ruby<br />

cabujdn nm rough, unpolished ruby<br />

cachalonga nf variety <strong>of</strong> opal<br />

cachi nm [Bol] barite | [Potosi, Bol] siderite |<br />

[Pe] salt | [Chanarcillo, Ch] calcite<br />

cachimba nf [Arg] shallow well, spring | [Me"x]<br />

miner's lamp<br />

cacholongo nm a var <strong>of</strong> opal<br />

cachuela nf rapids<br />

cadena nf chain | c. de Markov Markov chain | c.<br />

de montanas mountain chain | c. montanosa<br />

mountain chain<br />

cadenada nf [surv] length <strong>of</strong> one chain<br />

cadenear vtr [surv] to chai:<br />

cadeneo nm [surv] chainiru<br />

cadenero nm chainman | c. delantero head<br />

chainman | c. trasero rear chainman | c. zaguero<br />

[Arg] rear chainman<br />

cadmio nm cadmium<br />

C-l<br />

caducacidn nf expiration <strong>of</strong> rights to a mining<br />

claim or lease<br />

caducar vtr to forfeit rights to mining claims or<br />

leases (generally by expiration)<br />

caducidad nf act <strong>of</strong> forfeiture to a mining claim<br />

or lease | expiration, lapse<br />

caduco,-ca adj expired, invalid<br />

caenozoico,-ca adj Cenozoic<br />

cagafierro nm slag, scoria<br />

caguacha nf residues <strong>of</strong> amalgam and mercury<br />

washed out <strong>of</strong> a mill<br />

caguachiri nm worker employed to collect<br />

caguachas<br />

caida nf fall, drop | [hyd] head | dip | slip, fall<br />

(<strong>of</strong> rock) | c. de agua waterfall<br />

caidos nmpl fallen or caved ground | fallen<br />

material<br />

caiman nm [M£x] ore chute<br />

cainozoico,-ca adj Cenozoic<br />

caja nf wall rock to a vein or deposit | thickness<br />

<strong>of</strong> a vein | [Ch] river bed | c. de esclusa sluice<br />

box | c. de extraction mine cage<br />

cajalarga nf [Bol] rock easily drilled<br />

cajdnnm canyon, gorge, gully | narrow or box<br />

canyon | a measure <strong>of</strong> quantity <strong>of</strong> ore,<br />

generally weighing fifty quintales \ [Col] clay at<br />

contact between coal and country rock<br />

cajonero nm worker who handles skips | [Me"x]<br />

mouth <strong>of</strong> a shaft<br />

cal nf lime | c. de estano cassiterite<br />

cala nf creek, cove, bight | test boring |<br />

exploration well | c. de prueba test boring<br />

calabres,-esa adj Calabrian<br />

calabriano,-na adj Calabrian<br />

calabriense adj Calabrian<br />

calamaco nm [Me"x] large piece <strong>of</strong> rock difficult<br />

to break up<br />

calamina nf calamine, smithsonite | [Pe]<br />

hydrozincite | [Pe] aurichalcite<br />

calamita nf magnetite, lodestone | siderite |<br />

compass needle | turquoise<br />

calar adj calcareous, lime | nm limestone<br />

quarry<br />

calar vtr to pierce, penetrate, perforate<br />

calca nf copy | c. heliogrdfico blueprint<br />

calcado nm tracing<br />

calcantita nf chalcanthite<br />

calcar vtr to trace, copy<br />

calcareo,-rea adj calcareous, limey | nm<br />

limestone<br />

calcedonia nf chalcedony

---

calcico,-ca adj calcic, calcium<br />

calciesponja nf calcisponge<br />

calcifero,-ra adj calciferous<br />

calcificacidn nf calcification<br />

calcificar vtr to calcify<br />

calciforme adj cup-shaped<br />

calcilodita nf mud stone (Dunham classification)<br />

calcimetro nm calcimeter<br />

calcinacion nf calcination<br />

calcinador nm calciner, roaster<br />

calcinar vtr to calcine, roast | vpr to calcine<br />

calcio nm calcium | c. clorurado calcium chloride<br />

calcioborita nf dreelite<br />

calco nm a tracing | cast | c. de carga load cast |<br />

c. de deslizamiento slide cast | c. deflujo flow<br />

cast | c. de race bounce cast | c. espigado<br />

chevron mark<br />

calcocita nf chalcocite<br />

calc<strong>of</strong>ilo nm calcophile<br />

calcografia nf chalcography<br />

calcografo nm chalcographer<br />

calcopirita nf chalcopyrite<br />

calcosfera nf chalcosphere<br />

calcosina nf chalcocite<br />

calcosita nf chalcocite<br />

calcotriquita nf chalcotrichite<br />

caldera nf caldera | crater <strong>of</strong> a volcano | winze<br />

| sump | c. vaporizadora de mercurio mercury<br />

boiler<br />

calderilla nf winze<br />

caldero nm cauldron | hundamiento en c.<br />

cauldron subsidence<br />

caledoniano,-na adj Caledonian<br />

calefaccidn nf heal, heating<br />

calefaccionar vtr to heat<br />

calentado,-da adj hot | c. al blanco white hot | c.<br />

al rojo red hot<br />

calentador nm [Rio Tinto, Sp] a reverboratory<br />

furnace used to calcine ore<br />

calero,-ra adj calcareous, limestone | nm lime<br />

burner | operator <strong>of</strong> a lime pit | nf lime pit or<br />

deposit | limestone quarry | lime kiln<br />

calesa nf [Mex] ore bucket<br />

caleta nf creek, cove, inlet<br />

caleza nf [Mex] ore bucket<br />

calibita nf chalybite, siderite<br />

caliborita nf kaliborite<br />

calibracion nf calibration | caliper logging<br />

calibrar vtr to calibrate | to guage, measure<br />

calibre nm caliper | c. micrometrico microcaliper<br />

calicanto nm [Chuquibamba, Fe] auriferous<br />

C-2<br />

conglomerate<br />

calicata n/[Arg] test pit | bore, drill hole<br />

calichal nm [Bol] kaolin | [Mex] second class<br />

silver ore <strong>of</strong> 150 to 1000 ounces per ton silver<br />

caliche nm caliche | salpeter | [Pe, Ch] impure<br />

sodium nitrate | [Arg] cement to borate<br />

nodules found in swamps | [Uco, Pe] clayey<br />

soil above gold veins | [Ch] altered clay<br />

selvages to veins | [Durango, Mex] white,<br />

decomposed clay | [Me"x] feldspar |<br />

[Guanajuato, M£x] travertine | [Col] recently<br />

discovered mineralized vein | [Col]<br />

decomposed calcareous quartz | c. negro<br />

[Cerro de Pasco, Pe] copper sulfides and<br />

sulfoarsenides<br />

calichera nf [Ch, Pe] deposit <strong>of</strong> caliche<br />

calichero,-ra adj relating to caliche<br />

calichoso,-sa adj calcareous | feldspathic<br />

calido,-da adj hot, warm<br />

caliente adj warm, hot | [Mex] oxidized silver<br />

ore<br />

caliz nm calyx | de c. calycal<br />

caliza nf limestone | c. carbonifera carboniferous<br />

limestone | c. cavernosa cavern limestone | c.<br />

conchifera fossiliferous limestine | c. Carolina<br />

coral limestone | c. cristalna crystalline<br />

carbonate (Dunham classification) | marble |<br />

c. de agua dulce freshwater limestone | c. de<br />

arrecife reef limestone | c. feldespdtica arkosic<br />

limestone | c. fetida stinkstone | c. granular<br />

grainstone (Dunham classification) | c.<br />

hidrdulica limestone that yields hydraulic lime<br />

in calcination | c. lodogranular packstone<br />

(Dunham classification) | c. lodosa wackestone<br />

(Dunham classification) | c. magnesiana<br />

dolostone | c. oolitica oolitic limestone | c.<br />

porosa porous limestone<br />

calizo,-za adj calcareous, lime<br />

calocar nm white clay<br />

calomelano nm calomel<br />

caldn nm [Huelva, Sp] iron oxide-bearing<br />

sandstone and limestone<br />

calorescencia nf calorescence<br />

calor nm heat | c. blanco white heat | c. de<br />

hidraracion heat <strong>of</strong> hydration | c. especifico<br />

specific heat | c. latente de fusion latent heat <strong>of</strong><br />

fusion | c. propio geothermal temperature | c.<br />

rojo red heat<br />

caloria nf calorie<br />

caldrico/-ca adj caloric<br />

calorifero,-ra adj heat-producing, giving heat

---

calorifico,-ca adj calorific<br />

calorimetria nf calorimetry<br />

calorime'trico/-ca adj calorimetric, calorimetrical<br />

calorimetro nm heat probe, calorimeter<br />

caloviano,-na adj Callovian<br />

caloviense adj Callovian<br />

caluma nf [Andes] pass, gap, gorge<br />

calvo,-va adj barren, desert<br />

callana nf[Pe] government refinery or mint<br />

calloviano,-na adj Callovian<br />

calloviense adj Callovian<br />

cama nf layer, bed, stratum | c. de roca bedrock<br />

camada nf bed, stratum, layer<br />

ca'mara nf chamber, room j ore shoot, chamber<br />

deposit | c. de minus chamber <strong>of</strong> mines | c.<br />

magmdtica magma reservoir<br />

cambio nm change, variation | c. de fades facies<br />

change | c. de naturaleza variation in<br />

sedimentary material | c. de nombre renaming |<br />

c. de potenda variation in thickness<br />

cambriano,-na adj Cambrian<br />

c£mbrico,-ca adj Cambrian<br />

caminamiento nm [Ec] traversing<br />

camino nm [Bol] gallery, drift<br />

camidn nf truck | c. de disparo shooting truck |<br />

c. de registro recording truck | c. de taladro<br />

drilling truck<br />

campamento nm camp, campground | c. minero<br />

mining camp<br />

campana nf level country<br />

campaniano/-na adj Campanain<br />

campaniense adj Campanian<br />

campanil nm [Bilbao, Sp] hematite | [Sierra<br />

Nevada, Sp] siderite<br />

campilita nf campylite<br />

campista nf tributor, lessor<br />

campamiento minero nm mining camp<br />

campo nm field | mining camp | c. aurifero gold<br />

field | c. coerdtivo coercive field | c. de cumbres<br />

| c. de kames kame field | c. de nieves firn field |<br />

c. de un microscopic field <strong>of</strong> view (microscope) |<br />

c. del petroleo oil field | c. gasffero gas field | c.<br />

magnetico magnetic field | c. minero mining<br />

camp | c. petrolero oil field | c. productor<br />

producing field | c. raso flat, open country<br />

canal nm channel j flume, race, ground sluice |<br />

c. de erupdon chimney, pipe<br />

canalado,-da adj grooved, fluted, corrugated<br />

canalizacidn nf channelization<br />

canaldn nm ground sluice<br />

cancagua nf [Ch] a stiff, sandy soil<br />

C-3<br />

cancha nf ore bin | [Pe, Ch] mine dump | place<br />

near the entrance <strong>of</strong> a mine where ore was<br />

sorted by hand<br />

canchal nm rocky or stony place | [Me*x]<br />

moraine<br />

canchamina n/[Ch] work area around a shaft or<br />

adit<br />

canchaminero nm [Ch] surface worker in a mine<br />

cancho nm large rock, boulder<br />

candencia nf incadescence<br />

candente adj incadescent, red-hot<br />

candil de minero nm miner's lamp<br />

canel nm [Sp] cannel coal<br />

caney nm small bay | [Col] river bend<br />

canga nf any red lateritic soil | iron-bearing<br />

laterite | [Arg, Bol] iron-bearing soil<br />

cangagua n/[Col] clay suitable for adobe bricks<br />

cangahua nf [Ec] hardpan<br />

cangalla nf tailings | [Ch] stolen ore<br />

cangalli nm [Tipuani, Bol] false bedrock <strong>of</strong><br />

ferruginous quartz arenite that overlies gold-<br />

bearing sand<br />

cangildn nm bucket | [Ec] mud hole | [PR]<br />

small waterfall | c. de arrastre dragline bucket<br />

cangrejero nm [Col] pockets <strong>of</strong> gold occuring in<br />

smaller veins or venillas<br />

canguildn nm [Ch] bucket<br />

candn nm royalty, tax | rate | c. bruto gross<br />

royalty | c. de adidon overriding royalty | c. de<br />

derre shut-in royalty | c. de compensadon<br />

compensation royalty | c. del propietario fee<br />

royalty | c. de partidpadon royalty interest | c.<br />

exento de cargos non-participating royalty | c.<br />

fijo fixed royalty | c. no venddo unaccrued<br />

royalty | c. sin gustos free ride<br />

cantal nm stone or pebble | spall | stony<br />

ground<br />

cantara nf a liquid measure equivalent to 13.16<br />

liters | [Durango, Me"x] white, decomposed<br />

clay<br />

ca'ntaro nm [Guadalcazar, Pe] retort for reducing<br />

mercury ores<br />

cantearirtr to cut stone<br />

cantera nf quarry | quarry stone, hewn stone,<br />

ashlar, freestone | [Vz] small veinlets <strong>of</strong> quartz<br />

detached from veins | c. de arena sand pit | c.<br />

de grava gravel pit | c. de prestamo borrow pit<br />

canteria nf quarry | quarrying, hewing <strong>of</strong> stone<br />

| freestone, ashlar, hewn stone | [Mex] tuff<br />

cantero nm stonemason | sum<br />

cantidad nf quantity, amount | c. de rotadon

---

amount or degree <strong>of</strong> rotation<br />

cantil nm cliff | shelf | cliff edge<br />

cantillo nm small stone, pebble<br />

cantizal nm stony ground<br />

canto nm edge or border | thickness | stone or<br />

pebble | boulder | fragment <strong>of</strong> flint | dressed<br />

stone | c. errdtico glacial erratic | c. grande<br />

cobble | c. rodado boulder, cobble, pebble | c.<br />

sin labrar rough ashlar | de c. edgewise, on<br />

edge<br />

cantorral nm stony ground<br />

canturrdn nm [Col] manganese oxide<br />

cana nf gallery | c. de mina gallery | c. de volar<br />

blasting hole<br />

Canada nf valley, gorge, ravine | eroded river<br />

bank | the immediate drainage formed by a<br />

spring | [Arg] inlet, estuary | [Col, PR] stream<br />

canaddnnm canyon, gorge<br />

cano nm gallery (in a mine)<br />

canon nm canyon | drift, gallery | c. submarine<br />

submarine canyon<br />

canutillo nm [Col] fine emerald<br />

caolin nm kaolin, china clay<br />

caolinico/-ca adj kaolinic<br />

caolinita nf kaolinite, kaolin<br />

caolinizacidn nf kaolinization<br />

capa nf bed, layer, seam, stratum | stratabound<br />

deposit | c. acuffera aquifer | c. barrera blocking<br />

layer | c. basal bottomset bed | c. cabalgante<br />

nappe | c. clave key bed | c. ccbijante nappe | c.<br />

competente competent bed | c. de carbon coal<br />

seam | c. defilon beded vein | c. de hielo ice cap<br />

| c. de velocidad velocity bed | c. dorsal topset<br />

bed | c. freatica acuifer | c. frontal foreset bed |<br />

c. fuselar fusellar layer | c. gasifera gas cap | c.<br />

ondulttico wave stratum | c. osifera bone bed |<br />

c. reflectora reflecting bed | c. roja red bed | c.<br />

superior topset bed | c, vegetal top soil | en<br />

capos layered, bedded<br />

capa-fildnnm bedded vein<br />

capacidad nf capacity | c. electrica capacitance |<br />

c. termica heat capacity<br />

capacho nm bucket | [Pe, Ch] rawhide bag for<br />

carrying ore <strong>of</strong> 2 to 4 arrobas capacity | c. de<br />

extraccion mine bucket<br />

caparazonnm carapace | shell<br />

caparrosa nf melanterite | copperas | vitriol | c.<br />

amarillo copiapite | c. azul blue vitriol | c.<br />

blanda goslarite<br />

capataz nm foreman | c. de turno shift boss<br />

capilaro^/ capillary<br />

C-4<br />

capilaridad nf capillarity<br />

capillo nm cupel<br />

capita nf band, small seam, thin layer<br />

capitin nm foreman | c. de la mita Spaniard or<br />

Creole in charge <strong>of</strong> the mita \ c. de yanaconas<br />

person in charge <strong>of</strong> Indians permanantly<br />

dwelling in a mining center, as opposed to<br />

mitayos who lived elsewhere | c. enterador<br />

Indian in charge <strong>of</strong> his community's mitayos<br />

during their service<br />

caporal nm [Vz] foreman<br />

capote nm [Col] topsoil<br />

c£psula nf laboratory dish<br />

capotero,-ra adj shallow<br />

captacidn nf capture, piracy | c. en abanico arc<br />

shooting<br />

captura nf capture | c. de rto river capture or<br />

piracy<br />

capuchdn nm cap rock<br />

cara nf face | facet <strong>of</strong> a crystal | wall <strong>of</strong> a fissure<br />

| panel <strong>of</strong> stone in a quarry | c. de crucero<br />

cleavage face<br />

cirabe nm amber<br />

caraca nf [Col] thin layer <strong>of</strong> hard clay between<br />

bedrock and paydirt in placers<br />

caracol adj spiral<br />

cara'cternm character | extent<br />

caracteristica nf characteristic, feature<br />

caradociano,-na adj Caradocian<br />

caracociense adj Caradocian<br />

carambano nm icicle<br />

caramero nm [Vz] flood debris<br />

carapacho nm carapace<br />

carbeno nm carbene<br />

carbdnnm coal | carbon | charcoal | cinder |<br />

graphite | c. aglomerante coking coal | c.<br />

aglutinante coking coal | c. algal algal coal | c.<br />

almendrillo nut coal | c. antracitoso anthracite |<br />

c. bituminoso bituminous coal | c. brillante<br />

glance coal | c. candeloide cannel coal | c.<br />

conglomerate coking coal | c. craso coking coal<br />

| c. de algas boghead coal | c. de ampelita cannel<br />

coal | c. de astilla splint coal | c. de bujia cannel<br />

coal | c. de cok coking coal | c. degas [Vz] gas<br />

carbon | c. de gaz cannel coal | c. de llama corta<br />

hard coal | c. de llama larga s<strong>of</strong>t coal | c. de<br />

piedra coal | c. de piedra pasada coke | c. de<br />

retorta gas carbon | c. de tierra coal | c.<br />

entrozado [Me"x] broken coal | c. fosil coal | c.<br />

granado nut coal | c. graso coking coal | c.<br />

grueso large coal | c. lustroso pitch coal | c.

---

menudo small coal | c. mineral coal | [Pe] peat |<br />

c. no aglutinante non-coking coal | c. para<br />

calderas steam coal | c. pardo lignite | c. pezoso<br />

pitch coal | c. seco non-coking coal | c.<br />

semigraso semibituminous coal | c. tal como sale<br />

run-<strong>of</strong>-mine coal | c. vegetal charcoal<br />

carbonaceo,-cea adj carbonaceous<br />

carbonada nf load <strong>of</strong> coal<br />

carbonado nm black diamond, carbonado<br />

carbonar vtr to turn into charcoal, carbonize<br />

carbonate nm carbonate | [Sp] lead ore | c.<br />

calcico calcium carbonate | c. de hierro siderite |<br />

c. de sodio soda | c. de sodio anhidrico soda ash |<br />

c. magnesico magnesite | c. plomizo cerussite<br />

carboncillo nm small coal, fine coal, slack | coal<br />

dust<br />

carbonear vtr to turn into charcoal, carbonize |<br />

to load coal<br />

carboneo nm charcoal making<br />

carbonera nf coal bin or bunker | coal mine<br />

carboneria nf coal mine | coal shed or yard<br />

carbonero,-ra adj coal | nm coal mine | coal<br />

merchant, coalman<br />

carbdnico,-ca adj carbonic<br />

carbonifero,-ra adj carboniferous | coal-bearing<br />

carbonilla nf coal dust, fine coal, pulverized<br />

coal | cinder<br />

carbonizacidn nf carbonization<br />

carbonizar vtr to carbonize | to burn | vpr to<br />

carbonize<br />

carbono nm carbon | c. organico organic carbon<br />

| carbono 14 carbon-14<br />

carbonoso,-sa adj carbonaceous<br />

carborundo nm corundum<br />

carburo nm carbide<br />

carcamo nm drain (<strong>of</strong> a mine) | flume<br />

carcava nf gully, ditch<br />

carcavdn nm gorge<br />

carcomar vtr to erode, undermine | vpr to be<br />

undermined<br />

cardenilla nf [Batopilas, Mex] proustite<br />

cardenillo nm verdigris<br />

carear vtr to face (stone)<br />

carga nf load | loading | [hyd] head | [met]<br />

heat, charge | mule-load <strong>of</strong> 8 to 14 arrobas \<br />

man load <strong>of</strong> about 2 arrobas \ duty, tax, charge<br />

| [Bol] ah red rock useful as a guide to ore<br />

[Col] pebbles and cobbles found in placers |<br />

[Sandia, Pe] overburden on placers | c. de mula<br />

load <strong>of</strong> about 8 to 14 arrobas \ c. del lecho bed<br />

load | c. disuelta dissolved load | c. mineral ore<br />

C-5<br />

| c. suspendida suspended load<br />

cargado,-da adj loaded | heavy, dense<br />

cargamento nm load, shipment | cargo<br />

cargar vtr to load | to charge (a furnace) | v intr<br />

to load up<br />

cargo nm burden, loading | load <strong>of</strong> stone <strong>of</strong><br />

about one third <strong>of</strong> a cubic meter | [Granada,<br />

Sp] one cubic vara<br />

carhua nf [Pe] pyrite<br />

can adj lead grey<br />

cariado,-da adj rotten<br />

carmesi oJ;' crimson | nm crimson<br />

cannin adj carmine, crimson | nm crimson |<br />

[Col] limonite<br />

carmineo,-nea adj carmine, crimson<br />

carnacidn nf flesh color<br />

came de vaca nm [Bol, Pe] coarse galena ore<br />

(considered to be relatively poor in silver) |<br />

[Hualgayoc, Pe] red amorphous sphalerite,<br />

phosphorescent on fracture<br />

carneola nf variety <strong>of</strong> chalcedony<br />

carniense nm Karnian<br />

carrancho nm [Col] altered granite carrying<br />

auriferous pyrite and free gold | shaley host<br />

rock in which gold veins are unproductive<br />

carranchoso,-sa adj [Col] rough, scaley, harsh<br />

carrascal nm [Mex] honeycombed quartz,<br />

usually barren<br />

carrera nf run | c. de la marea tidal range<br />

carretada nf cart or wagon load <strong>of</strong> 120 arrobas<br />

carretal nm [Sp] roughly dressed ashlar or<br />

rubble-stone<br />

carro nm car | c. calichero [Ch] nitrate car | c.<br />

carbonero coal car | c. de extraction mine car | c.<br />

salitrero [Ch] nitrate car<br />

carst nm karst<br />

carstenita nf karstenite, anhydrite<br />

carstico,-ca adj karstic<br />

carstificacidn nf karstification<br />

carta nf map | chart | c. planialtimetrica [Arg]<br />

topographic map<br />

cartografia nf cartography | c. aerea aerial<br />

photosurveying<br />

cartografiar vtr to survey, make maps<br />

cartografico,-ca adj cartographic<br />

cartografo nm cartographer<br />

cartoteca »/[Vz] map file<br />

casa nf house | c. del apartado parting<br />

establishment<br />

casar metales vtr [Pe] to mix ores for<br />

amalgamation or smelting

---

casardnnm large stope<br />

cascada nf waterfall, cascade | [Col] rapids | c.<br />

de diaclasa joint-plane waterfall | c. de glaciar<br />

glacierfall<br />

cascajal or cascajar nm gravel deposit | gravel<br />

pit<br />

cascajear vtr to extract gravel from a gravel pit<br />

| [Col] to clean out cobbles from a sluice<br />

cascajero nm gravel bed | worked-out mine |<br />

[Col] a previously worked placer that still<br />

contains gold<br />

cascajo nm gravel deposit | quarry waste | fine<br />

gravel | [Arg] cobbles | [Ch] coarse, gold-<br />

bearing gravels | [Fr Guiana] deeply<br />

weathered rock | [Mex] waste rock | c. blando<br />

[Calamachi, Mex] talcose schist bedrock to<br />

placers | c. duro [Calamachi, Mex] slate which<br />

forms potholes in bedrock to placers |<br />

[Durango, M£x] iron-bearing quartz | [Pe]<br />

pockets <strong>of</strong> silver ore <strong>of</strong> large size | [El Caratal,<br />

Vz] decomposed schist forming bedrock to<br />

placers | altered diorite in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> veins<br />

cascajoso,-sa adj gravelly<br />

casco nm hard hat<br />

cascote nm rubble stone | waste | muck |<br />

[Arnao, Sp] screened coal 250 to 600 mm in<br />

size<br />

carstico,-ca adj karst<br />

casimba nf well | spring | [Cu] sinkhole<br />

casiterita nf cassiterite<br />

casquete nm cap | c. de gas gas cap<br />

casquijo nm gravel | gravel bar<br />

castana nf abandoned mine<br />

castano,-na adj chestnut brown | nm chestnut<br />

brown<br />

castellano nm an old <strong>Spanish</strong> coin | one-fiftieth<br />

part <strong>of</strong> a marco \ [Mex] furnace used for lead<br />

smelting<br />

castigar vtr [Mex] to dress or smooth stone<br />

castillete nm head frame<br />

castillo nm head frame<br />

castina nf limestone flux<br />

castor nm petalite<br />

cata nf mine under litigation | mine <strong>of</strong> shallow<br />

depth | placer mine | prospecting pit, test pit<br />

| testing, boring, exploration | [Mex]<br />

subsidence<br />

cataclastico,-ca adj cataclastic<br />

catacorte nm [Col] prospecting pit or trench<br />

catadora nf earth auger<br />

catalisis nf catalysis<br />

C-6<br />

catlftico,-ca adj catalytic<br />

catalizador,-dora adj catalytic | nm catalyst<br />

catalizar vtr to catalyze<br />

cataclasis nf cataclastic process<br />

cataclismo nm cataclysm<br />

catar vtr to explore, prospect, sample<br />

catarata nf cataract, waterfall<br />

cataroca nf [Arg] cataclastic rock<br />

catastral adj cadastral<br />

catastro nm <strong>of</strong>ficial land register, cadastre |<br />

inventory or census <strong>of</strong> mining properties<br />

catastr<strong>of</strong>ico,-ca adj catastrophic<br />

catastr<strong>of</strong>ismo nm catastrophism<br />

catazona nf katazone<br />

cateado,-da adj prospected, explored<br />

cateadornm prospecter | sampler |<br />

prospecter's pick<br />

catear vtr to look for, search for | to prospect or<br />

explore a mine, deposit or property | to<br />

sample<br />

cateo nm prospecting, exploration | sampling<br />

catodo nm cathode<br />

cauce nm river channel, river bed | ditch, trench<br />

| way, channel, course | c. inferior lower<br />

course (<strong>of</strong> a river) | c. superior upper course (<strong>of</strong><br />

a river)<br />

caudal nm fortune, wealth | rate, discharge,<br />

volume <strong>of</strong> flow | c. afluente run<strong>of</strong>f, inflow | c.<br />

de avenida flood flow | c. de un no discharge <strong>of</strong><br />

a river | c. solido bed load<br />

caudaloso,-sa adj in full flood<br />

cava nf digging, ditch | pit, excavation | rill |<br />

[Reocin, Sp] cuts made in working calamine<br />

quarries<br />

cavadizo,-za adj easily excavated<br />

cavador nm digger, excavator<br />

cavadura nf digging<br />

cavar vtr to dig, excavate | to dig or sink a well<br />

| vintr to dig<br />

cavazon nm [Sp] digging, excavation<br />

caverna nf cavern, cave, hollow<br />

cavemario,-ria adj cave, cavern<br />

cavernoso,-sa adj cavernous, porous<br />

cavidad nf cavity, vug | c. de unfilon vug or<br />

pocket in a vein<br />

cavitacidn nf cavitation<br />

cayo nm cay, small island | shoal<br />

caz nf flume, canal, race<br />

cazo nm vessel used for heating ore in the hot<br />

amalgamation process for silver ores<br />

cebar vtr [Mex] to smelt ore

---

cebo nm [Me"x] smelter charge | [Col] late<br />

calcite precipitated by ground waters<br />

infiltrating veins<br />

ceca nf royal mint<br />

cedazo nm small hand sieve used in assaying<br />

celemin nm dry measure equivalent to two<br />

macjuilas and one-twelth <strong>of</strong> afanega<br />

celestina nf celestite<br />

celula nf cell | cellule<br />

celularoJ; celular<br />

cementacidn nf cementation | setting <strong>of</strong> casing<br />

| c. defondo plug back<br />

cementado,-da adj cemented<br />

cementar vtr to cement<br />

cemento nm cement | c. artificial [Sp] Portland<br />

cement | c. puzolanico pozzulan cement<br />

cementoso,-sa adj cement-like<br />

cenagal nm swamp<br />

cenagoso,-sa adj swampy<br />

cendra nf paste <strong>of</strong> bone ash used to make cupels<br />

cendradilla nf [Mex] small reverberatory<br />

refining furnace<br />

ceniciento,-ta adj ashen, ashy color<br />

cenicilla nf [Me"x] black earthy residue obtained<br />

in reducing mercury ores in a gallery furnace<br />

ceniza nf ash | c. de plomo litharge | c. de soda<br />

soda ash | c. volcdnica cinder<br />

cenizo,-za adj ash colored<br />

cenizo-negro nm [Chanarcillo, Ch] transitional<br />

ore zone containing both silver chlorides and<br />

proustite-pyargyrite<br />

cenomaniano,-na adj Cenomanian<br />

cenomanense adj Cenomanian<br />

cenote nm [Yucatan, Mex] sinkhole<br />

cenozoico,-ca adj Cenozoic<br />

cental nm a measure <strong>of</strong> weight<br />

centellador nm scintillator, scintillometer<br />

centelldmetro nm scintillator, scintillometer<br />

centenaja nf [Col] pothole (in a river)<br />

centiarea nm square meter, centare<br />

centigrado,-da adj centigrade<br />

centila nf percentile<br />

centigramo nm centigram<br />

centimetre nm centimeter<br />

centra nm center | height and depth | axis <strong>of</strong> a<br />

stream, etc.<br />

cenido,-da adj [Mex] thinned out, narrowed<br />

ceolita nf zeolite<br />

cera nf wax | c. fosil or mineral natural parrafin,<br />

mineral wax<br />

ceramico,-ca adj ceramic<br />

C-7<br />

cerargirita nf cerargyrite<br />

cerca adv near | c. del sol open pit | nf [Ch]<br />

bedrock<br />

cereo,-reaad/ waxy, wax<br />

cerio nm cerium<br />

cemedor or cernidor nm screen, sieve<br />

cerner or cernir vtr to sift or sieve<br />

cerniduras nfpl screenings<br />

cero nm zero | c. absolute absolute zero<br />

ceroso,-sa adj waxy, ceraceous<br />

cerracho nm [Huancavelica, Pe] smalls (granza)<br />

<strong>of</strong> mercury ore used as the top charge in the<br />

barba furnace<br />

cerrar vtr to close | to enclose | to shut-in (a<br />

well) | c. el trazado to close a survey<br />

cerrarse vpr to thin out, pinch out, as for a vein<br />

cerrazon nm [Col] part <strong>of</strong> a placer containing<br />

boulders<br />

cerril adj rough, uneven, hilly<br />

cerrillada nf range <strong>of</strong> low hills<br />

cerrillo nm hillock<br />

cerro nm hill (smaller than a pico but larger and<br />

steeper than a loma) \ c. glaciarico kame<br />

cerro-mesa nm table mountain<br />

ceruleo,-lea adj cerulean, azure, deep blue<br />

cerusa nf cerussite<br />

cerusita nf cerussite<br />

cesio nm cesium<br />

cesidn nf failure | c. de inter es farm-out<br />

cianita nf kyanite<br />

cianizar vtr to cyanide<br />

cianuracion nf cyanidation, cyaniding<br />

cianuro nm cyanide<br />

cibairo nm any blue or green copper mineral<br />

ciclico/-ca adj cyclic, cyclical<br />

ciclo nm cycle j c. de erosion erosional cycle | c.<br />

glaciar glacial fluctuation<br />

cielo nm sky | ro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> a working | hanging wall<br />

| a c. abierto open pit<br />

cienaga nf depression where water collects |<br />

swamp, bog | c. carstica karst fen, karst swamp<br />

ciencia nf sceince | ciencias geologicas geological<br />

sciences<br />

cienegal nm [PR] swamp<br />

cieno nm mud | sludge<br />

cientifico,-ca adj scientific | nm/nf scientist<br />

cierre nm closure | shut-in | c. anticlinal<br />

anticlinal closure | c. del trazado [surv] closure<br />

cifra nf figure, number, numeral | quantity,<br />

amount | c. decimal digit<br />

cilindrico,-ca adj cylindrical, cylindric

---

cilindrio nm cylinder<br />

cima nf summit, top, height, peak, crest<br />

cimborrio nm dome | ro<strong>of</strong>, cieling, hanging wall<br />

cimbrozano nm [Vz] earthquake<br />

cimento nm cement<br />

cim<strong>of</strong>ana nf cymophane, chrysoberyl<br />

cinabarita nf [Sp] cinnabar<br />

cinabrio nm cinnabar | c. hepatico hepatic<br />

cinnaber<br />

cine nm zinc | c. rojo zincite<br />

cincel nm chisel | [Pe] large mass <strong>of</strong> native<br />

silver | c. del indio [Col] stone chisel used by<br />

natives for quarrying stone | c. de unas [Sp]<br />

stone cutter's chisel<br />

cincelador nm stone cutter's chisel<br />

cincelar vtr to chisel<br />

cincelete nm graver, small chisel<br />

cincifero,-ra adj zinc-bearing, zinciferous<br />

cincita nf zincite<br />

cincha nf girth, cinch<br />

cinerita nf ash flow<br />

cinetico,-ca adj kinetic | nf kinetics<br />

cinquero nm zinc worker<br />

cinta nf tape | measuring tape | band or layer<br />

<strong>of</strong> mineral in a vein | [Col] gold-bearing<br />

horizon in a placer | c. de agrimensor measuring<br />

tape | c. de bolsillo pocket tape | c. metrica<br />

measuring tape<br />

cintada nf [surv] tape length, tape measurement<br />

cintarrdn nm [Col] layer <strong>of</strong> pay-dirt in a placer<br />

<strong>of</strong> unusual thickness<br />

cinteado,-da adj banded, ribboned | nf streak,<br />

band<br />

cintero nm [surv] tapeman | c. delatero head<br />

tapeman | c. trasero rear tapeman | c. zaguero<br />

[Arg] rear tapeman<br />

cintildmetro nm scintillator, scintillometer<br />

cinturdn nm belt, zone | c. de cabalgamiento<br />

overthrust belt | c. morenico moraine belt<br />

circa nf [Ch] bed rock<br />

circar vtr [Bol] to mine selectively<br />

circo nm cirque, kar | c. glaciar cirque<br />

circ6nnm zircon<br />

circona nf zirconia<br />

circdico,-ca adj zirconic<br />

circonio nm zirconium<br />

circonita nf zirconite<br />

circulo nm circle | district | c. antartico antarctic<br />

circle | c. artico arctic circle | c. de Mohr Mohr's<br />

circle j c. polar polar circle<br />

circunferencia nf circumference<br />

C-8<br />

cisco nm broken coal | coal dust<br />

citrina nf citrine (a var <strong>of</strong> quartz)<br />

cizalla nf shear<br />

cizallar vtr to shear<br />

cizalleo nm shearing<br />

cizallimiento nm shearing<br />

ckajcheo nm irregular workings resulting from<br />

selective mining<br />

ckallar vtr to high grade a vein or deposit by<br />

mning selectively<br />

ckatata or ckatati nf [Bol] leather bag used to<br />

haul ore<br />

ckojta nf [Bol] miner's carbide lamp<br />

ckollpa nf [Bol] trona<br />

claro nm open space in a lode remaining after<br />

ore has been extracted<br />

clase nm class | grade | c. cristalina crystal<br />

class<br />

clasificable adj classifiable<br />

clasificacidn nf classification | sorting | order |<br />

c. de Dunham Dunham's classification <strong>of</strong><br />

carbonate rocks<br />

clasificado,-da adj classified<br />

clasificador nm filing cabinet | classifier<br />

(milling)<br />

clasificar vtr to class, classify | to sort | to<br />

grade, class | to screen<br />

clastico,-ca adj clastic<br />

claustalita nf clausthalite<br />

clavada nf winze<br />

clavado,-da adj [Col] vertical<br />

clavaque nm pebbles <strong>of</strong> quartz crystal<br />

clavo nm bunch <strong>of</strong> ore | pay streak | rich ore<br />

shoot | chimney (<strong>of</strong> ore) | inclusion <strong>of</strong> igneous<br />

rock within sedimentary rock | [Col] piece <strong>of</strong><br />

gold which cuts a pebble or cobble from one<br />

side to another<br />

cliachita nf bauxite, cliachite<br />

clinclasa nf clinoclase<br />

clinocloro nm clinochlore<br />

clinoeje nm clinoaxis<br />

clinometro nm clinometer<br />

clivaje nm cleavage | c. de crenulacion<br />

crenulation cleavage | c. de disyuncion fracture<br />

cleavage | c. de estratificacion bedding cleavage<br />

| c. deflujo flow cleavage | c. defractura<br />

fracture cleavage | c. de lapis pencil cleavage |<br />

c. de micropliegue crenulation cleavage | c. de<br />

piano axil axial plane cleavage | c. de roca rock<br />

cleavage | c. de transposition slip cleavage | c.<br />

en abanico cleavage fan | c. espaciado spaced

---

cleavage | c. paralelo bedding cleavage | c.<br />

pizarreno slatey cleavage | c. pizarroso slatey<br />

cleavage | c. verdadero slaty cleavage<br />

clizoglifo nm mud crack<br />

cloantita nf chloanthite<br />

clorato nm chloride<br />

clorhidrato nm hydrochloride<br />

clorhidrico,-ca adj hydrochloric<br />

cldrico adj chloric<br />

clorita nf chlorite<br />

cloritico,-ca adj chlorite, chloride<br />

cloritizacidn nf chloritization<br />

cloritoide nf chlortoid<br />

cloro nm chlorine<br />

clorocalcita n/hydrophilite<br />

cloroespinela n/chlorospinel<br />

cloruro nm chloride | c. de cal chloride <strong>of</strong> lime |<br />

c. de sodio sodium chloride | c. sodico sodium<br />

chloride<br />

coacervatidn nf coacervation<br />

coalescencia nf coalescence, fusion<br />

cobaltico,-ca adj cobaltic<br />

cobaltifero,-ra adj cobalt-bearing, cobaltiferous<br />

cobaltina nf cobaltite<br />

cobalto nm cobalt | cobalt ore | c. arsenical<br />

smaltite | c. brillante cobaltite | c. fragmentado<br />

native arsenic | c. gris cobaltite, smaltite<br />

cobaltoso,-sa adj cobaltous<br />

cobertera nf platform cover<br />

cobertura nf cover, covering<br />

coblenciano,-na adj Coblenzian<br />

colbenciense adj Coblenzian<br />

cobijadura nf alluvium | [Arg] overthrust<br />

cobre nm copper | copper ore | c. abigarrado<br />

bornite | c. amarillo chalcopyrite | c, ampolloso<br />

blister copper | c. anilado covellite | c. azul<br />

azurite | c. bruto en plancha copper ingot | c. de<br />

acarreo drift copper | c. de cementation cement<br />

copper | c. del cdtodo cathode copper | c. en<br />

plancha sheet copper | c. gris (antimonial)<br />

tetrahedrite | c. gris (arsenical) tennantite | c.<br />

gris argenttfero freibergite | c. gris mercurial<br />

schwazite | c. hepdtico a var <strong>of</strong> chalcopyrite | c.<br />

indigo chalcocite | c. morado bornite | c. nativo<br />

native copper | c. negro blister copper |<br />

tenorite | c. piritoso chalcopyrite | c. piritoso<br />

hepdtico bornite | c. porfidico copper porphyry |<br />

c. rojo cuprite | c. roseta copper ingot | c. salino<br />

atacamite | c. siliceo crysocolla | c. sulfurado<br />

vidrioso chalcocite | c. sulfureo chalcocite | c.<br />

verde malachite | c. vidrioso chalcocite | c.<br />

C-9<br />

virgen native copper | c. vitreo torbernite<br />

cobreno,-na adj copper, with copper<br />

cobrizo,-za adj copper-bearing, cupriferous |<br />

copper-colored, coppery | nm [Me"x] low-<br />

grade copper ore<br />

coccidn nf roasting<br />

coceo nm [Me"x] thrust<br />

cocer vtr to roast ore<br />

cocimento nm [Pe] boiling <strong>of</strong> ores | [Ch]<br />

method <strong>of</strong> treating nitrates<br />

cocinera «/[Zacatecas, Mex] rich part <strong>of</strong> a mine<br />

coco nm [Col] gold pan made from a cocanut<br />

shell<br />

cocolita nf coccolite<br />

cocolito nm coccolith<br />

cocha nf [Bol, EC] lake, pond<br />

cochano nm [Vz] nugget<br />

cochino nm [met] pig<br />

cochiso nm [Pe] proustite, pyrargyrite<br />

cochizo nm pyrargyrite | [Bol, Pe] tetrahedrite |<br />

[Pe] stromeyerite | c. falso [Cerro de Pasco, Pe]<br />

bournonite<br />

cochura nf roasting<br />

codal adj one cubit long<br />

cddigo nm code <strong>of</strong> laws | c. de Carolina mining<br />

code for Potosi and the area under the<br />

authority <strong>of</strong> the viceroyalty <strong>of</strong> the Rio de La<br />

Plata (essentially modern Bolivia) established<br />

in 1792 | c. de minas mining laws<br />

codo nm cubit<br />

coeficiente nm coefficient | c. de confianza<br />

confidence level | c. de correlation correlation<br />

coefficient | c. de determination coefficient <strong>of</strong><br />

determination | c. de elasticidad modulus <strong>of</strong><br />

elasticity | c. de permeabilidad coefficient <strong>of</strong><br />

permeability | c. de productividad productivity<br />

index | c. de variation coefficient <strong>of</strong> variation<br />

cogollo nm upper part | c. de la tinta [Col]<br />

upper part <strong>of</strong> the pay zone in a placer | c. del<br />

hilo [Col] upper part <strong>of</strong> a vein | c. de las vetas<br />

outcrop <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

coherencia nf coherence<br />

cok nm coke | c. de petroleo petroleum coke | c.<br />

de retort a gas coke | c. para altos hornos blast<br />

furnace coke<br />

cola nf tail | [Mex] part <strong>of</strong> a vein that<br />

terminates with depth | nfpl tailings<br />

colada nf flow (<strong>of</strong> lava) | melt | filtering | c. de<br />

lava lava flow<br />

coladero nm winze, ore pass, ore chute<br />

colador nm strainer | c. de lodo shale shaker | c.

---

vibratario shale shaker, mud screen<br />

coladura nf straining, filtering<br />

colagon rim [Mex] conduit canal<br />

colar vtr to cast metal | [Mex] to sink a shaft<br />

colarse vpr to seep, percolate<br />

colatidud nf colatitude<br />

coleccion nf collection<br />

colector nm collector | c. de gas gas trap<br />

colgado,-da adj suspended, hung | [Bol] said <strong>of</strong><br />

a mine working which encounters an already<br />

worked area<br />

colgante adj hanging, suspended<br />

colgar vtr [Col] to use natural drainage to work<br />

a placer<br />

colicuacion nf smelting<br />

colillas nfpl tailings<br />

colimacion nf collimation<br />

colimadornm collimator<br />

colina nf ridge, hill | hillock | c. de presion<br />

pressure ridge<br />

colindante adj adjacent<br />

colmado,-da adj piled in heaps<br />

colmarse vpr to fill up<br />

colmatacidn nf filling | [ Arg] silting up<br />

colmataje nm filling<br />

colmo nm height, summit<br />

colocar vtr to arrange or place, locate, set<br />

col<strong>of</strong>onita nf cellophane<br />

col<strong>of</strong>ano nf cellophane<br />

col<strong>of</strong>ormo,-ma adj coll<strong>of</strong>orm<br />

coloidal adj colloidal<br />

coloide adj/nm colloid<br />

coloideo,-dea adj colloid, colloidal<br />

colomillo nm [Col] protruding rocks in the<br />

bedrock <strong>of</strong> a river or placer<br />

color nm trace or color <strong>of</strong> gold | rock stained by<br />

mineral<br />

colorante nm coloring material<br />

colorado,-da adj red | n/[Topia, Mex] rusty<br />

orange staining <strong>of</strong> propylitized andesite due to<br />

weathering <strong>of</strong> pyrite | nm red | [Mex] gossan<br />

| [Pe, Ch] oxidized silver ores colored by<br />

copper<br />

coloreado,-da adj colored<br />

colpa nf copperas | [Pe] a silver ore<br />

colqueruna nm Indian who obtained exemption<br />

from the mita by paying a fee to his caquique<br />

colqui nm [Bol, Pe] silver<br />

columna nf pipe or column <strong>of</strong> rock or ore | c. de<br />

brecha breccia pipe | c. de petroleo oil column |<br />

c. de sondeo drill string<br />

C-10<br />

columnar adj columnar<br />

coluvial adj colluvial<br />

coluvion nf colluvium<br />

collado nm saddle, gap, pass | hill<br />

collpa nf [Bol, Pe] nitrate, trona<br />

comarca nf territory, district, region | border,<br />

boundary, limit | study area | c. minera mining<br />

district<br />

comba nf bulge<br />

combar vtr to bend, curve or warp<br />

combersa n/[Arg] valley<br />

combination nf combination, compound |<br />

commingling | permutation<br />

combo nm [Bol] sledge hammer<br />

combustible adj combustible | nm fuel,<br />

combustible | fuel oil | c. liquido liquid fuel<br />

combustion nf combustion | c. in situ in situ<br />

combustion<br />

combustoleo nm fuel oil<br />

comercializacion nf marketing<br />

comerse los pilares vpr [Mex] to rob pillars<br />

comillo nm reverberatory furnace<br />

comision nf [Col] party | c. de estudios [Col]<br />

survey party<br />

comisura nf corner | c. estratigrdfica bedding<br />

plane<br />

compacidad nf [PR, Vz] compaction,<br />

compactedness<br />

compactacion adj compaction, compacting,<br />

consolidating<br />

compacto,-ta adj compact, dense<br />

companfa nf company | La C [Pe] Cerro de<br />

Pasco Corporation<br />

compas nm compass (for drawing) | compass<br />

(for navigation) | c. de division dividers<br />

compensation nf adjustment, compensation | c.<br />

de la brujula compass compensation<br />

compensar vtr to adjust | c. la aguja adjust a<br />

compass needle<br />

competencia nf competence<br />

competente adj competent<br />

complejo nm complex | c. basal basement<br />

complex | c. de base basement complex | c.<br />

fundamental basal complex | c. volcdnico<br />

volcanic complex<br />

componente nm constituent, component<br />

composition nf composition<br />

comportamiento nm behavior | c. geoquimico<br />

geochemical behavior<br />

compresibilidad nf compressibility<br />

compresible adj compressible

---

compresidn nf compression | c. isotermica<br />

isothermal compression<br />

compresivo,-va adj compresive<br />

compreso,-sa adj compressed<br />

comprimible adj compressible<br />

comprimido,-da adj compressed<br />

comprimir vtr to compress | v,pr to be<br />

compressed<br />

compuesto,-ta adj compound | nm compound<br />

computadornm computer<br />

computadora nf computer<br />

computar vtr to compute, calculate<br />

cdmputo nm computation, calculation<br />

comun adj common, ordinary, average | nm<br />

ore <strong>of</strong> average grade<br />

comunicacidn «/[Bol] drift that connects two<br />

section <strong>of</strong> a mine | intersection <strong>of</strong> a raise or<br />

winze with a gallery<br />

concavidad nf concavity<br />

cdncavo,-va adj concave | nf cavity, hollow<br />

concavoconvexo,-xa adj concavo-convex<br />

concentration nf concentration | c. en seco dry<br />

concentration<br />

concentrado,-da adj concentrated | nm<br />

concentrate<br />

concentrador nm concentrator<br />

concentrar vtr to concentrate<br />

concentricidad nf concentricity<br />

concentrico,-ca adj concentric<br />

concesidn nf concession, grant | c, comunitaria<br />

community lease | c. de tiro shooting lease<br />

concesionar vtr to grant a concession<br />

concesionario nm holder <strong>of</strong> a concession,<br />

licensee, grantee<br />

concoide adj conchoidal<br />

concoideo,-dea adj conchoidal<br />

concordancia nf conformity<br />

concordante adj concordant, conformable<br />

concrecidn nf concretion | c. calcarea calcareous<br />

sinter | c. esferoidal spheroid concretion<br />

concrecionado nm deposit formed by chemical<br />

precipitation<br />

concrecionar vtr to sinter<br />

concrecional adj concretionary<br />

concha nf shell | test (micr<strong>of</strong>ossil)<br />

conchifero adj shell-bearing | nm [Me"x] shell-<br />

bearing limestone<br />

conchilla nf [ Arg] shell<br />

conchudo,-da adj shelly, shaly<br />

cdnchula nf [Arg] test (micr<strong>of</strong>ossil)<br />

condensacidn nf condensation<br />

C-ll<br />

condensado nm condensate | c. retrograde<br />

retrograde condensate<br />

condensar vtr to condense<br />

cdndrita nf chondrite<br />

conduccidn nf conduction | c. de calor thermal<br />

conduction<br />

conductancia nf conductance<br />

conductibilidad nf conductivity<br />

conductible adj conductive<br />

conductividad nf conductivity<br />

conductivo,-va adj conductive<br />

conducto nm vent or pipe <strong>of</strong> a volcano |<br />

channel, lava channel | conduit | c. volcanico<br />

volcanic vent<br />

conexidn adj connection, linkage<br />

confeccidn nf drawing up, making up | c. de<br />

mapas mapping<br />

configuration nf pattern, array, configuration<br />

c. de afloraminetos outcrop pattern | c. de<br />

diaclasas joint pattern | c. dendritica dendritic<br />

pattern | c. en reja trellis pattern | c. lee lee<br />

configuration | c. radial radial pattern | c.<br />

rectangular rectangular pattern | c. Wenner<br />

Wenner array<br />

confitillo nm [Mex] pea gravel, peastone<br />

conflation nf smelting<br />

confluencia nf confluence, concourse, or<br />

meeting <strong>of</strong> two rivers, etc. | junction | c. de<br />

gladares glacial confluence<br />

confluente adj confluent, tributary | nm<br />

confluence, concourse (<strong>of</strong> rivers)<br />

confluir vtr to converge, meet, come together<br />

congelado,-da adj frozen<br />

congelar vtr to freeze, congeal | vpr to freeze,<br />

congeal<br />

congelo nm [Ch] lowest layer <strong>of</strong> caliche<br />

consisting <strong>of</strong> selenite, sand, sulphates and<br />

chlorides<br />

conglomeradico,-ca adj [Arg] conglomeritic,<br />

conglomerate<br />

conglomerado,-da adj conglomerate | nm<br />

conglomerate | c. aurifero gold placer | c. de<br />

boleos boulder conglomerate | c. de chinos<br />

cobble conglomerate | c. defalias fault<br />

conglomerate | c. degranito [Arg] granolithic<br />

conglomerate | c. de penas [Vz] cobble<br />

conglomerate | c. d: penones [Vz] boulder<br />

conglomerate | c. Ui. trituracion crush<br />

conglomerate | c. fundamental basal<br />

conglomerate | c. rojo [Mex] conglomerate<br />

cemented by red, iron-bearing clay

---

conglomerante nm binding material<br />

conglomerar vtr to conglomerate | vpr to<br />

conglomerate<br />

conglomera'tico,-ca adj conglomeratic<br />

conglutinado,-da adj conglutinated<br />

conglutinarse vpr to coalesce, coagulate, cake<br />

congo nm [Col] pebbles or fragments <strong>of</strong> iron ore<br />

found in placers | iron oxide found in veins |<br />

sphalerite<br />

congosto nm pass | canyon, gorge<br />

congruente adj congruent<br />

congruo,-rua adj congruent<br />

coniaciano,-na adj Coniacian<br />

coniaciense nm Coniacian<br />

conicidad nf taper | conicity<br />

cdnico,-ca adj conical | conic (projection) | nf<br />

conic section<br />

conificacion nf water coning<br />

coniforme adj cone shaped<br />

conileno nm conylene<br />

conjugado,-da adj conjugate<br />

conjuncidn nf conjunction<br />

conjunto nm suite | assemblage | c. de estratos<br />

sedimentary complex<br />

cono nm cone | c. acandilado spatter or drip cone<br />

| c. adventicio adventive cone, parasitic cone |<br />

c. aluvial alluvial fan | c. compuesto compound<br />

cone | c. de agua water coning | c. de cenizas<br />

cinder cone | c. de deyeccion alluvial fan | c. de<br />

erupcion eruption cone | c. de lava lava cone,<br />

shield volcano | c. parasito parasite cone | c.<br />

piroclastico pyroclastic cone<br />

conodonto nm conodont<br />

conoide nm conoid<br />

conquilifero,-ra adj [Sp] containing shells<br />

consecuente adj consequent<br />

consolidacion nf consolidation<br />

consolidado,-da adj consolidated<br />

consolidar vtr to consolidate, compact | sin c.<br />

unconsolidated<br />

consolidarse vpr to settle, become compact<br />

constante nm constant | c. de gravitacion<br />

gravitational constast |<br />

constriccion nf constriction<br />

consumido nm [Mex] mercury lost in the patio<br />

process <strong>of</strong> amalgamation <strong>of</strong> silver ores<br />

contacto nm contact | c. de transition gradational<br />

contact | c. gradual gradational contact | c. neto<br />

sharp contact | c. pronunciado sharp contact | c.<br />

sedimentario sedimentary contact | c. tectonico<br />

tectonic contact<br />

C-12<br />

contador nm counter | c. central center counter<br />

| c. de altura altimeter | c. geiger geiger counter<br />

| c. proporcional proportional counter<br />

contaritfr to count<br />

contempora'neo,-nea adj contemporaneous<br />

contenido nm concentration, grade | content<br />

contextura nf structure and texture | c. <strong>of</strong>itica<br />

ophitic texture<br />

continental adj continental<br />

continente adj containing | nm continent<br />

contingente nm share, quota, allowable | c. de<br />

production provisional temporary allowable<br />

contornar or contornear vtr to sketch or trace<br />

the outline <strong>of</strong> | to skirt, pass around<br />

contorno nm outline, contour | periphery | c.<br />

estructural structural contour<br />

contracanon nm [Mex] gallery driven into the<br />

footwall side <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

contraccidn nf contraction, shrinking<br />

contracielo nm [Mex] raise, upraise | c. de acceso<br />

manway raise | c. escalonado stope raise | c.<br />

piloto pilot raise | c. ramal branch or cutout<br />

raise<br />

contraconducto nm counterchute<br />

contracorriente nf countercurrent, eddy, reverse<br />

current | a c. upstream<br />

contraerse vpr to contract, shrink<br />

contraflldn nm countervein, counterlode<br />

contraflujo nm countercurrent, eddy<br />

contramina nf a tunnel connection two mines<br />

contrapresidn nf back pressure<br />

contrastar vtr to assay coins, gold, silver etc.<br />

contraste nm assay<br />

contrata nf [Pe] a system <strong>of</strong> debt servitude in<br />

mining in the 19th century which later evolved<br />

into a bonifide system <strong>of</strong> contract labor<br />

contrato nm contract | c. de avio credit for<br />

working a mine | c. de reembolso bottom hole<br />

contract | c. Have en mano turnkey contract<br />

contravena nf countervein<br />

contraveta nf countervein<br />

conveccidn nf convection<br />

convergencia nf convergence | c. en ley<br />

convergence in distribution or law | c. en<br />

probabilidad convergence in probability<br />

convergente adj convergent, converging<br />

convexidad nf convexity<br />

convexo,-xa adj convex<br />

convolucidn nf convolution<br />

coordenada nf coordinate | c. cartesiana<br />

Cartesian coordinate | c. de simetria tinematica

---

kinematic symmetry cleavage | c. de simetria de<br />

pliegue fold symmetry cleavage | c. estructural<br />

fabric symmetry cleavage | c. tecto-textural de<br />

simetria fabric symmetry cleavage<br />

copal nm copalite, mineral resin | c. de congo<br />

congo copal<br />

copalillo nm [Batopilas, Mex] sphalerite |<br />

[Zacatecas, M£x] cerussite<br />

copaquira nf copper or nickel sulfate,<br />

melanterite<br />

copela nf cupel<br />

copelacidn nf cupellation<br />

copelar vtr to assay by cupellation, cupel<br />

copete nm crest<br />

copey nm [Ec] bitumen<br />

coprogeno,-na adj coprogenic<br />

coprolito nm coprolite<br />

coque nm coke | c. amorfo amorphous coke | c.<br />

de petroleo petroleum coke | c. de retorta gas<br />

coke<br />

coqueria nf coking plant<br />

coquificacidn nf coking<br />

coquificar vtr to coke<br />

coquizacidn nf coking<br />

coquizar vtr to coke<br />

coraliano,-na adj Corallian<br />

coralico,-ca adj [Vz] coral<br />

coraliense adj Corallian<br />

coralifero,-ra adj coraliferous<br />

coraliforme adj coraliform<br />

coraligeno,-na adj coral<br />

coralino,-na adj coral ine, coral-red<br />

cordado,-da adj ropey<br />

cordel nm a measure <strong>of</strong> length | a measure <strong>of</strong><br />

area<br />

cordillera nf mountain range | c. divisoria divide<br />

cordon nm [Arg, Ch] mountain chain | c. de<br />

cerros range <strong>of</strong> hills | c. estratigrafico shoestring<br />

sand<br />

cori nm [Bol, Pe] gold<br />

cori-bronce nm [Potosi, Bol] chalcopyrite<br />

corinddnnm corundum<br />

cornalina nf cornelian chalcedony<br />

cornamusa nf [Pe] earthen retort<br />

cornea na nf hornfels<br />

cornelina nf cornelian chalcedony<br />

cdrneo,-ea adj horny<br />

cornerina nf cornelian chalcedony | onyx<br />

cornubianita nf hornblende<br />

coro-coro nm [Bol] native copper<br />

corona nf rim | c. albitica albitic rim<br />

C-13<br />

coronacidn nf crest<br />

coronamiento nm crest top<br />

corral nm a land measure <strong>of</strong> 5.857 hectares<br />

correcion nf correction | c. de bouguer bouguer<br />

correction | c. estatica static correction<br />

corredero nm [Col] ancient abandoned river<br />

bed<br />

corredura nf flow, overflow<br />

corregir vtr to correct, adjust (instruments)<br />

correlacidn nf correlation | c. de los ranges rank<br />

correlation | c. ilusoria false correlation | c.<br />

lineal linear correlation | c. multiple multiple<br />

correlation | c. partial partial correlation | c.<br />

serial serial correlation<br />

correlograma nm correlogram<br />

correntada nf current (<strong>of</strong> a river, etc.)<br />

corrental nm current (<strong>of</strong> a river, etc.)<br />

correr vtr to run or flow, as for rivers, etc. | to<br />

run a survey | c. una linea [surv] to run a line |<br />

c. niveles [surv] to run levels<br />

correspondido nm ratio <strong>of</strong> mercury consumed<br />

to silver produced in the patio process <strong>of</strong><br />

amalgamation <strong>of</strong> silver ore<br />

corrido,-da adj continuous | lineal, running | nf<br />

run, travel | strike <strong>of</strong> a vein | [surv] a run <strong>of</strong><br />

levels | [Bol] drift, float | [Ch] coutcrop | nf<br />

[Bol] drift which follows the course <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

corriente adj running, flowing | nf current j<br />

stream, flow | course <strong>of</strong> a river | c. abajo<br />

upstream | c. arriba upstream | c. cataclinal<br />

cataclinal stream | c. de convecion convection<br />

current | c. de densidad density current | c. de<br />

remolino [Arg] eddy current | c. de rompiente rip<br />

current | c. de turbeidad turbidity current | c. de<br />

turbidez turbidity current | c. efluyente effluent<br />

stream | c. fluvial stream | c. freatica subsurface<br />

flow c. literal longshore current | c.<br />

sedimentadora aggrading stream | c. turbia<br />

turbidity current<br />

corrimiento nm landslide, sliding | overthrust |<br />

c. aparente apparent slip | c. horizontal<br />

horizontal thrust<br />

corromperse vpr to decompose<br />

corrosivo,-va adj corrosive<br />

corroyente adj corrosive, abrasive<br />

corrugacidn nf corrugation | c. intraformacional<br />

intraformational corrugation<br />

corrugado,-da adj corrugated<br />

cortada nm cut or working<br />

cortafierro nm cold chisel<br />

cortafrio nm cold chisel

---

cortahierro nm cold chisel<br />

cortanucleos nmpl core bit, core drill<br />

cortar vtr to cut | c. alturas to trench a vein at<br />

the surface, stoping downwards as far as<br />

practical | c. sogas to abandon a mine<br />

cortarse vpr to be cut <strong>of</strong>f, as for a vein<br />

cortaveta n/[Bol] drift which intersects a vein at<br />

an angle<br />

corte nm cut <strong>of</strong>f | cutting | working face, cut |<br />

section | cut or opening to an ore deposit or<br />

mine | stope | [Col] surface workings <strong>of</strong> a<br />

placer | c. de pozo drill cutting | c. de prestamo<br />

borrow pit | c. de roca thin section | c. geologico<br />

geologic cross-section | c. tranversal cross<br />

section | c. y relleno cut and fill<br />

corteza nf crust | c. helada permanente permafrost<br />

| c. terrestre earth's crust<br />

corundo ntn corundum<br />

corvadura nf curvature<br />

cosedimentacion nf cosedimentation<br />

cosolete nm escutcheon<br />

coseno nm cosine<br />

costa nf coast, shore | c. acantillada steep coast |<br />

c. alta mountain coast | c. de emersion<br />

emergence coast | c. de sumersion submergence<br />

coast | c. play a low coast<br />

costado nm side <strong>of</strong> a pit, tunnel or shaft<br />

costal nm [Mex] ore-sack <strong>of</strong> 150 pound capacity<br />

costalera nf ore-sacks (collectively)<br />

costanero,-ra adj coastal | nf slope<br />

coste nm cost | c. de extraction extraction cost,<br />

lifting cost | c. de taponamiento plug-back cost |<br />

c. intangible intangible cost<br />

costeable adj [Mex] workable at a pr<strong>of</strong>it,<br />

payable<br />

costeno,-na adj coastal<br />

costero,-ra adj coastal, nearshore<br />

costero nm side <strong>of</strong> a mineral deposit<br />

costra nf crust, scale | slag | [Ch] conglomerate<br />

that overlies caliche<br />

costroso,-sa adj scaley<br />

cota nf altitude, elevation | c. de altura elevation<br />

| c. de comparadon datum | c. de nivel elevation<br />

j c. de referenda bench mark, datum<br />

cotacion nf elevation<br />

coto nm boundary marker | c. minero group <strong>of</strong><br />

mines<br />

covacha nf small cave<br />

covadera nf guano deposit<br />

covarianca nf covariance<br />

covelina nf covellite<br />

C-14<br />

coyote nm working area during block caving<br />

cracoiano,-na adj Cracoian<br />

cracoiense adj Cracoian<br />

craquear vtr [ Arg] to crack (petroleum)<br />

craqueo nm [Arg] cracking | c. al vapor steam<br />

cracking | c. catalitico catalytic cracking | c.<br />

termico thermal cracking<br />

crater nm crater <strong>of</strong> a volcano | c. adventicio<br />

adventive crater | c. de explosion explosion<br />

crater | c. de meteorito meteor crater | c.<br />

inundado maar | c. parasito or parasttico<br />

parasitic crater<br />

cratogeno nm craton<br />

crece nm [Ch] flood<br />

crecer vtr to rise, swell (river) | to increase<br />

crecido,-da adj in flood | nf flood<br />

creciente nm flood, rise | c. de la marea flood<br />

tide<br />

crecimiento nm flooding, rising | growth | c.<br />

exponential exponential growth | c. lineal linear<br />

growth | c, logistico logistic growth<br />

crema nf cream (color)<br />

crenulado,-da adj crenulate, crenulated<br />

cresta nf crest | c. de gas gas cap | c. dentada<br />

hogback | c. divisadora divide | c. monoclinal<br />

hogback<br />

cresteria nf hogback, ridge | watershed line<br />

creston nm outcrop | outcrop <strong>of</strong> a vein or<br />

deposit that stands above the ground surface |<br />

crest<br />

creta nf chalk<br />

cretaceo,-cea adj Cretacous<br />

cretacico,-ca adj Cretacous<br />

cretoso,-sa adj chalky<br />

criadero nm ore deposit, vein, seam or shoot |<br />

genesis <strong>of</strong> ore deposits | [Ch] matrix | [Col]<br />

gold found in the heads <strong>of</strong> streams | [Me"x]<br />

chamber deposit | c. bolsada irregular deposit |<br />

c. de contacto contact metasomatic or skarn<br />

deposit | c. de petroleo oil pool | c. detritico<br />

alluvial deposit | c. en arbol deposit that<br />

branches like a tree | c. en capa stratiform<br />

deposit | c. en filon veins <strong>of</strong> considerable extent<br />

| c. en veta vein deposit | c. en manto bedded<br />

vein deposit | c. en masa irregular deposit | c.<br />

en saca irregular, sack-like deposit | c.<br />

engabarrado disseminated deposit | c. irregular<br />

irregular deposit | c. en rinones small, irregular<br />

deposits<br />

criba nf screen, grizzly, riddle | c. hidrdulicafig,<br />

jigging table

---

cribado,-da adj cribate, cribiform | jigged,<br />

concentrated on a jigging table | nm sieving,<br />

sifting, screening | nm screening | [Sevilla, Sp]<br />

screened coal 30 to 100 mm in size<br />

cribador,-ora adj sieving, sifting, screening | nm<br />

ore screen | siever, sifter, screener<br />

cribadura nm sieving, screening or jigging <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

cribar vtr to screen, sieve, jig or sift<br />

cribdnnm grizzly<br />

criboso,-sa adj cribate, cribiform<br />

crinoide nm crinoid<br />

crioconito nm cryoconite<br />

cridgeno,-na adj cryogene<br />

criptoclastico,-ca adj cryptoclastice<br />

criptocristalino,-na adj cryptocrystalline<br />

criptdgeno,-na adj cryptic<br />

criptomagmatico,-ca adj cryptomagmatic<br />

criptdmera nf cryptomere, aphanitic rock<br />

criptdnnm krypton<br />

criptovolcanicOj-ca adj cryptovolcanic<br />

crisoberilo nm chrysoberyl<br />

crisdcola nf chrysocolla | borax<br />

crisol nm assay or smelting crucible | hearth (<strong>of</strong><br />

a furnace)<br />

crisolada nf charge <strong>of</strong> a crucible<br />

crisdlita nf chrysolite<br />

crisdlito nm chrysolite<br />

crisoprasa nf chrysoprase<br />

crisdtilo nm chrysotile<br />

cristabalita nf cristabolite<br />

cristal nm crystal | c. de roca rock crystal | c.<br />

mineral dissolved salt<br />

cristalillo nm hyaline quartz | crystallized salts<br />

cristalinidad adj crystallinity<br />

cristalino,-na adj crystalline<br />

cristalito nm crystallite<br />

cristalizacidn nf crystallization<br />

cristalizador,-dora adj crystallizing<br />

cristalizante adj crystallizing<br />

cristalizar vtr/intr/pr to crystallize<br />

cristaloblastasis nf crystalloblastesis<br />

cristaloblastico,-ca adj crystalloblastic<br />

cristal<strong>of</strong>isica nf crystal physics<br />

cristalografia nf crystallography<br />

cristalogra>fico,-ca adj crystallographic<br />

cristaloide adj/nm crystalloid<br />

cristaloideo,-dea adj , vstalloidal<br />

cristaldptica nf crystal optics<br />

criterio nm criteria | c. de rechazo rejection<br />

criteria<br />

crocoisa nf crocoite<br />

C-15<br />

crocoisita nf crocoite<br />

cromato nm chromate | c. de hierro chromite<br />

crdmico,-ca adj chromic, chrome-bearing<br />

cromita nf chromite (ore)<br />

cromito nm chromite (chemical)<br />

cromo nm chromium, chrome<br />

cromocre nm chrome ocher<br />

crom<strong>of</strong>errita nf chromite<br />

cromo nm chrome<br />

cronoestratigrafico,-ca adj chronostratigraphic<br />

cronologia nf chronology<br />

cronoldgico,-ca adj chronological<br />

croquis nm sketch | rough draft<br />

cruce nm [Bol] intersection <strong>of</strong> two galleries or<br />

drifts<br />

crucero nm jointing | cleavage | [Bol]<br />

intersection <strong>of</strong> two galleries or drifts | c.<br />

astilloso pencil cleavage | c. basico basal<br />

cleavage | c. de intersection pencil cleavage | c.<br />

de piano axil axial plane cleavage | c. de roca<br />

cleavage, rock cleavage | c, en abanico cleavage<br />

fan | c. espaciado spaced cleavage | c. ondulado<br />

crenulation cleavage | c. pizanoso slaty<br />

cleavage | c. verdadero slaty cleavage<br />

cruciforme adj cruciform<br />

crudo,-da adj crude, untreated | hard (water) |<br />

nm crude oil | c. deequidad equity crude | c.<br />

dulce sweet crude<br />

cruzado,-da adj crossed or cut by another | nf<br />

crosscut<br />

cruzador nm cross vein<br />

crudeza nf hardness (<strong>of</strong> water)<br />

cruz nf intersection <strong>of</strong> veins<br />

cruzamiento nm crosscutting <strong>of</strong> veins<br />

cruzante nm vein that cuts another<br />

cruzar vtr to cross, cut or traverse<br />

cuaderno nm field book, notebook | c. de<br />

nivelacion level book<br />

cuadra nf a measure <strong>of</strong> length <strong>of</strong> one quarter <strong>of</strong><br />

a mile<br />

cuadra do,-da adj square | nm square | c. latino<br />

Latin square | c. media mean square<br />

cuadrangulo nm quadrangle<br />

cuadrante nm quadrant (<strong>of</strong> a circle)<br />

cuadratico,-ca adj quadratic<br />

cuadricula nf grid, cross ruling<br />

cuadriculado,-da adj grid, in squares | nm grid,<br />

cross ruling<br />

cuadricular ufr to grid<br />

cuadrilla nf gang, party, crew | c. de perforation<br />

drilling crew

---

cuadrivalente adj quadrivalent<br />

cuadro nm table | shaft | c. periodico periodic<br />

table<br />

cuajado nm [Mex] silver-bearing lead ore<br />

cuajar vtr to evaporate brine<br />

cuajarse vpr to coagulate, cake<br />

cuaje nm total evaporation <strong>of</strong> brine<br />

cualitativo,-va adj qualitative<br />

cuantico,-ca adj quantum, quantic<br />

cuantificacidn nf quantification<br />

cuantificar vtr to quantify | to quantize<br />

cuantila nf quantile<br />

cuantitativo,-va adj quantitative<br />

cuanto nm quantum<br />

cuarache nm [Guanajuato, Mex] clay selvage<br />

around a vein<br />

cuarcifero,-ra adj quartz-bearing, quartziferous<br />

cuarcita nf quartzite | c. feldespatica arkosite<br />

cuarcitico,-ca adj quartzitic<br />

cuarta nf fourth | quadrant | a linear measure<br />

<strong>of</strong> one fourth <strong>of</strong> a vara<br />

cuarteadura nf crack, split, fissure<br />

cuartear vtr to break rock with a sledge hammer<br />

| to<br />

quarter | to crack | vpr to crack, split<br />

cuarteo nm crack, fissure | splitting, dividing<br />

into parts | [Me"x] piecework<br />

cuarterdn nm [Me"x] a liquid measure <strong>of</strong> 25 liters<br />

cuarteta nf [Ch] a measure <strong>of</strong> area<br />

cuartila nf quartile<br />

cuartilla nf one fourth <strong>of</strong> an arroba, one-<br />

sixteenth <strong>of</strong> a quintal<br />

cuartillo nm a measure <strong>of</strong> volume <strong>of</strong> one fourth<br />

<strong>of</strong> afanega or real<br />

cuarton nm boulder | [Mex] flagstone<br />

cuarzo nm quartz | c. ahumado smokey quartz |<br />

c. alfa alpha quartz | c. amarillo cairngorm<br />

stone | c. bastardo bull quartz | c. beta beta<br />

quartz | c. cariado rotten quartz | c. citrino<br />

topaz | c. ferruginoso iron stained quartz | c.<br />

hialino hyaline quartz | c. hialino verde sinople |<br />

c. lechoso milky quartz | c. listado ribboned<br />

quartz | c. macho [Col] quartz barren <strong>of</strong> ore | c.<br />

porfidico [Pe] hornstone | c. radiado cross-<br />

course spar | c. rosado rose quartz | c. tabular<br />

laminar quartz<br />

cuarzodiorita nf quartz diorite<br />

cuarzomonzonita nf quartz monzonite<br />

cuarzoso,-sa adj quartzose<br />

cuaternario,-ria adj Quaternary<br />

cuaterno,-na nf quaternary<br />

C-16<br />

cuba nf vat | c. de cianuracton cyanidization vat<br />

cubaje nm volume<br />

cubertura nf cover<br />

cubeta nf [Vz] trough, downfold, syncline, basin<br />

| c. cerrada basin | c. marina ocean basin<br />

cubetada nf bucketfill<br />

cubetadraga nf dragline bucket<br />

cubicacidn nf computation <strong>of</strong> volume<br />

cubicaje nm volume<br />

cubicar vtr to block out (ore) | to compute<br />

volume<br />

cubko,-ca adj cubic<br />

cubierta nf cover, overburden<br />

cubierto nm cover, overburden | c. fluvioglacial<br />

galcial cover | c. moderno recent cover<br />

cubilote nm cupola<br />

cubo nm cube<br />

cubreobjeto nm cover glass, cover slip<br />

cubrir vtr to cover<br />

cucurbita nf retort<br />

cucurucho nm peak, summit, top<br />

cucharadraga nf [Ec] dragline bucket<br />

cuchareo nm baling (<strong>of</strong> a well)<br />

cuchilla nf knife-edged or sharp ridge |<br />

mountain crest | mountain range | outrunner<br />

or branch <strong>of</strong> a sierra \ line <strong>of</strong> hills<br />

cuele nm driving, sinking (workings)<br />

cuelga nf [Ch, Col] slope, grade (<strong>of</strong> a river)<br />

cuenca nf basin | watershed, river drainage<br />

system | valley | trough, graven | c.<br />

alimentadora watershed | c. carbonifera coal<br />

basin | c. cerrada closed basin | c. de<br />

alimentacion watershed | c. de drenaje drainage<br />

basin or area | c. defallas graben | c. de<br />

sedimentacion sedimentation basin j c. fluvial<br />

river basin | c. hidrogrdfica drainage basin | c.<br />

hullera coal basin | c. imbrffera [Arg, Ur]<br />

watershed | c. marginal marginal basin | c.<br />

marina sea basin | c. petrolifera oil pool | c.<br />

recolectora watershed | c. rocosa rock basin | c.<br />

sedimentaria sedimentary basin | c. submarina<br />

submarine basin | c. tributaria watershed<br />

cuenco nm pool, basin<br />

cuerpo nm body or mass <strong>of</strong> rock or mineral |<br />

orebody | c. de agrimensores survey party | c. de<br />

beneficio ore body | c. de brecha hidrotermal<br />

hydrothermal breccia body | c. defilon or de<br />

veta branch <strong>of</strong> a vein | c. del alto hanging wall<br />

branch <strong>of</strong> a vein | c. del bajo footwall branch <strong>of</strong><br />

a vein | c. del enmedio branch <strong>of</strong> a vein between<br />

the footwall and hanging wall | c. intrusivo

---

intrusive body | c. magmdtico boss, stock | c.<br />

mineralizado ore shoot<br />

cuesco nm core | [M£x] coarse ore<br />

cuesta nf abrupt grade, elevation | rise | hill |<br />

slope | c. abajo downhill, downslope | c. arriba<br />

uphill<br />

cueto nm high crag, rocky peak<br />

cueva nf cave | c. vieja [Minglanilla, Sp] large<br />

chambers resulting from the excavation <strong>of</strong> salt<br />

cuisiano,-na adj Cuisian<br />

cuisense nm Cuisian<br />

culminacion nf culmination<br />

cumbre nm summit, top, ridge, peak, crest<br />

cumbrera nf summit, top, ridge<br />

cumulante nm cumulant<br />

cumulo nm accumulation, pile, heap | irregular<br />

deposit or mass | stockwork<br />

cumuri nm owner <strong>of</strong> llamas or burros employed<br />

to transport ore<br />

cuneta nf small trench<br />

cuniforme adj cuniform, cuneate, wedge-shaped<br />

cuna nf wedge | c. de hielo<br />

cuota nf allowable, quota, share | c.<br />

suplementaria discovery well allowable<br />

cuprico,-ca adj cupric<br />

cuprifero,-ra adj copper-bearing, cupriferous<br />

cuproso,-sa adj cuprous<br />

cupula nf cupola, dome, ro<strong>of</strong> | c. de lava lava<br />

dome<br />

C-17<br />

curi nm [Ec] gold<br />

curiche nm [Bol] lake, pool<br />

curso nm course | stream | c. antecedents<br />

antecendent stream | c. consecuente consequent<br />

stream | c. desplazado <strong>of</strong>fset stream | c.<br />

efluyente effluent stream | c. influyente influent<br />

stream | c. pirata pirate stream | c. ramificado<br />

braided stream | c. sobrepuesto superimposed<br />

stream | c. subsecuente subsequent stream<br />

curva nf curve | c. acampanada bell(-shaped)<br />

curve | c. acumulada cumulative frequency<br />

distribution | c. bimodal bimodal curve | c. de<br />

declinacion decline curve (oil or gas production)<br />

| c. de las frecuencias acumuladas cumulative<br />

frequency distribution | c, de nivel contour line<br />

| c. de vaporization flash curve | c.enj J-curve |<br />

c. en u U-shaped curve | c. familiar family<br />

curve (average <strong>of</strong> decline curves for several<br />

wells) | c. isobata depth contour | c. unimodal<br />

unimodal curve<br />

curvacion nf curvature<br />

curvar vtr to bend, curve<br />

curvatura nf curvature, warp<br />

curvilineo,-nea adj curvilinear<br />

cuspide nf peak, summit | apex<br />

cuspilito nm beach cusp

---

CH<br />

chabarco nm [Le6n, Sp] pond, lake<br />

chabasia nf chabazite<br />

chabasita nf chabazite<br />

chabisque nm [Aragon, Sp] mud<br />

chacal nm [Pe] graphite<br />

chaco nm [Bol, Par] plain<br />

chacuaco nm [LAm] furnace for reducing Ag<br />

ores<br />

chacurruscar vtr [Pe] to mix different types <strong>of</strong><br />

ore<br />

chadacristal nm chadacryst, xenocryst<br />

chadroniano,-na adj Chadronian<br />

chaemolito nm humic coal<br />

chafalonia nf wrought silver | scrap gold or<br />

silver<br />

chafariz nm pool, pond<br />

chaguite nm [Hon] swamp | pool, pond<br />

chahuar vtr [Bol] to frisk or search a miner for<br />

stolen ore<br />

chalchihuitl nm [Mex] Aztec word used for any<br />

useful green stone, such as jadeite and<br />

turquoise<br />

chalchuite nm blue or green variety <strong>of</strong> turquoise<br />

| [Mex] jade<br />

chalmersita nf cubanite<br />

chalybita nf siderite<br />

challantita w/ferricopiapite<br />

chamarcal nm seasonal swamp<br />

chamba w/[Col] pit, ditch or trench | [Ec] sod,<br />

turf<br />

chambear vtr [Col] to dig a trench, pit or ditch<br />

chameolito nm humic coal<br />

chami nm [Bol] low grade ore<br />

chamorro,-ra adj said <strong>of</strong> a hill with a summit<br />

devoid <strong>of</strong> vegetation<br />

chamositico,-ca adj chamositic<br />

champa w/[Pe] peat<br />

champlamiano,-na adj Champlainian | nm<br />

Champlanian<br />

chamuscar vtr [Pe] roasting <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

chanca nf crushing | [Ch, Pe] sorting <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

chancaca nf [Sayapullo, Pe] oxidized ore |<br />

[Hualgayoc, Pe] mixture <strong>of</strong> oxidized and<br />

unoxidized silver ores<br />

chancado nm crushed stone | ch. sin cribar<br />

crusher-run aggregate<br />

chancadora nf crusher | ch. de cono cone crusher<br />

| ch. de mandibulas jaw crusher | ch. de quijadas<br />

CH-1<br />

jaw crusher | ch. giratoria gyratory crusher<br />

chancal nm glacial moraine<br />

chancar vtr [Ch] to crush (minerals) | to grind<br />

chango nm [Me*x] derrickman, roughneck<br />

chanta nf flagstone | slate<br />

chanto nm [Galicia, Sp] flagstone<br />

chanarcillita nf huntilite | [Ch] Pb-As-Sb<br />

minerals such as atacamite, domeykite,<br />

huantajayite<br />

chapa nf plate, sheet (<strong>of</strong> metal)<br />

chapapote nm [Mex] asphalt, tar, bitumen<br />

chapatal nm swamp | muddy ground<br />

chapopote nm [Me"x] asphalt, tar, bitumen<br />

chapuro nm [Arg,Cu] asphalt, tar<br />

charca nf pool, pond, small lake<br />

charcal nm [Arg,Cu] pond<br />

charco nm pool, pond | water hole | puddle in<br />

a playa | gulf<br />

charmouthiano,-na adj Charmouthian<br />

channouthense adj Charmouthian | nm<br />

Charmouthian<br />

Channoutiense nm Charmouthian<br />

charnela nf hinge (<strong>of</strong> a fold, etc) | bend, bow |<br />

ch. anticlinal anticlinal apex or bend | ch.<br />

sinclinal synclinal bend, trough line<br />

charniano,-na adj Charnian | nm Charnian<br />

charnockitico,-ca adj charnockitic<br />

charque nm [Bol] native metal<br />

charquear vtr to dewater (a mine)<br />

charqueria w/[Ch] native metal in the form <strong>of</strong> a<br />

charqui<br />

charquero nm drainage ditch<br />

chasa «/[Arg] gypsum deposit<br />

chasquear vtr [Bol] to move load <strong>of</strong> ore or waste<br />

from one place to another<br />

chassignito nm chassignite<br />

chatarra nf scrap iron, scrap | slag<br />

chatarrero nm scrap dealer<br />

chathamita nf iron skutterudite<br />

Chatiense nm Chattian<br />

chato,-teadj flat<br />

chat6n nm large precious stone (used only after<br />

it is set)<br />

chatoyante nm/adj chatoyant<br />

chattiano,-na adj Chattian<br />

chattiense adj Chattian | nm Chattian<br />

Chautauquiense nm Chautauquan<br />

chauti nm [Mex] clay<br />

chautoso,-sa adj [Me"x] clayey<br />

Chaziense nm Chazyan<br />

chchamear or ch'amear vtr [Bol] to high grade a

---

vein, mine selectively<br />

chchipa or ch'ipa nf [Bol] rock difficult to drill<br />

chekao nm barite<br />

Chemungiano nm Chemungian<br />

chengbolita nf moncheite<br />

chertificacidn n/chertification<br />

cherusko-aca'dico,-ca adj fourth order folding<br />

chessylita nf azurite<br />

Chesteriano nm Chesterian<br />

Chesteriense nm Chesterian<br />

chiastolitico,-ca adj chiastolitic<br />

chico nm [Bol] piece <strong>of</strong> unusually high grade<br />

ore, usually sold to mine owner<br />

chicuite nm small bucket used for raising ore<br />

chicharrdn nm [Cu] a type <strong>of</strong> silver currency |<br />

[Col] gold nugget | [Hualgayoc, Pe] wad |<br />

[Cerro de Pasco, Pe] local variety <strong>of</strong> sandstone<br />

chicharrones nmpl tailings<br />

chichicle nm [Mex] amethyst<br />

chichitle nm [M£x] amethyst<br />

Chideruano nm Chideruan<br />

chifle adj still, stagnant<br />

chifldn nm chamber in a mine | flume |<br />

rockslide | rock fall in a mine | inclined<br />

gallery | [Arg, Cu] waterfall | [Bol] ventilation<br />

shaft | [Ch] rapids | [Col] spring, source | ch.<br />

de agua water jet<br />

chile nm [M£x] refractory clay | [Pe] deepest<br />

part <strong>of</strong> a mine | working that folows the dip <strong>of</strong><br />

a vein<br />

chile-loeweita nf humberstonite<br />

chilenita nf bismuth-bearing native silver<br />

chileno nm edge or Chilean mill<br />

chilisalpeter nm Chile salpeter<br />

chilpear vtr [Bol] to sampla a load <strong>of</strong> ore using a<br />

punta<br />

chiltonita nf prehnite<br />

chiluca nf [Mex] hornblende trachyte porphyry<br />

or trachyandesite porphyry used as a building<br />

stone<br />

chillagita nf tungstenian wulfenite<br />

chimaltizatl nm [Mex] talc<br />

chimban/[Ch,Pe] ford<br />

chimbo nm [Hon] smelting furnace<br />

chimborazita nf aragonite<br />

chimenea nf pipe, chimney | shaft | ascending<br />

gallery | ch. central central shaft on an oil<br />

production platform | ch. de ascenso channel <strong>of</strong><br />

ascent | ch. de extraction drawhole | ch.<br />

volcanica volcanic pipe<br />

china nf small stone, cobble or pebble |<br />

CH-2<br />

[Almaden, Sp] low grade mercury ore<br />

chinapo nm [Mex] obsidian<br />

chinarro nm boulder | pebble, cobble<br />

chinata nf [Cu] pebble, cobble<br />

chinazo nm large pebble, cobble, stone<br />

chingana nf underground cave or passage<br />

chingarse la veta vtr loss, displacement or<br />

petering out <strong>of</strong> a vein (not for proper company)<br />

chinidina nf glue used for thin sections<br />

chini-liga n/[Potosi, Bol] variety <strong>of</strong> silver-<br />

bearing galena<br />

chinilla nf small pebble<br />

chinkolobwita nf sklodowskite<br />

chino nm pyrite | chalcopyrite | cobble | [PR]<br />

boulder<br />

chinoita nf libethenite<br />

chiquero nm [Cu] crib, cribwork<br />

chirola n/[Arg, Bol] a silver coin equivalent to<br />

20 centavos<br />

chiscarra nf deeply weathered and decomposed<br />

limestone | [Cartagena] trachyte usefull as a<br />

guide to lead ore<br />

chispa nf very small diamond | [Bol] very fine<br />

grained gold or other ore<br />

chispa-chispeada nf [Batopilas, Mex] native<br />

silver in thin wire or leaf | ore containing one-<br />

third silver<br />

chispeado nm [Yauli, Pe] tetrahedrite<br />

chiva nm [Mex] claw bar<br />

chladnita nf chladnite (mineral)<br />

chladnito nm chladnite (meteorite)<br />

chloanthita n/nickel-skutterudite<br />

choclo de oro nm a mass <strong>of</strong> native gold in<br />

matrix<br />

choco,-ca adj dark red<br />

chocolate adj chocolate brown<br />

chompa n/[Vz] churn drill<br />

chondritico,-ca adj chondritic<br />

chondrito nm chondrite<br />

chondrodita nf chondrodite<br />

chtindrulo,-la adj chondritic<br />

chonolito nm chonolith<br />

cheque nm shock, jolt | ch. sismico seismic shock<br />

chorlo nm schorl or black tourmaline | jetstone<br />

chorreadero nm [M£x] ore chute | loose or<br />

running ground<br />

chorredn nm [Cu] small waterfall<br />

chorrera nf [Bol] part <strong>of</strong> a mine subject to<br />

flooding | [Mex] abandoned stope | ore shoot<br />

chorro nm jet | spring, source | ch. de agua a<br />

presion jet <strong>of</strong> pressurized water | ch. padron

---

[Ch] fault master fault<br />

chorroborro nm alluvium | diluvium<br />

chortal nm small lake or pool fed by a spring<br />

choy nm [Me"x] variety <strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t shale<br />

chozola nf river bend<br />

christensenita nf tridymite<br />

christophita nf marmatite, iron sphalerite<br />

chua n/[Bol] flat rounded plate used in<br />

collecting ore samples<br />

chuca n/[Ch] friable layer <strong>of</strong> sand and gypsum<br />

overlying costra and caliche<br />

chuco nm [Ch] upper part <strong>of</strong> a caliche deposit<br />

consisting mainly <strong>of</strong> sodium sulfate and<br />

CH-3<br />

sodium chloride<br />

chulano nm a hole drilled upwards<br />

chumba nf [Bol] sphalerite | any mineral that<br />

looks similar to sphalerite<br />

chumbe nm [Bol, Pe] sphalerite | any mineral<br />

that looks similar to sphalerite<br />

chumpi nm magnetite | [Bol] platinum<br />

chungita nm shungite (var graphite)<br />

chupdn nm glory hole<br />

churumbella nf [Col] altered felsite wall rock<br />

chuzo nm [Ch] crowbar

---

D<br />

dacitico,-ca nf dacitic<br />

danense adj Danian<br />

danesadj Danian<br />

daniano,-na adj Danian<br />

daniense adj Danian<br />

darcy nm darcy<br />

data nf date<br />

datacidn nf dating, age determination<br />

datar vtr to date, put a date on | vintr to date<br />

dato nm fact, datum, record, piece <strong>of</strong><br />

information | ntnpl data, facts, information<br />

debil adj weak<br />

debilidad nf weakness<br />

decaedro nm decahedron<br />

decano nm decane<br />

decantacidn nf decantation | d. selectiva<br />

selective decantation<br />

decapitacidn nf stream capture<br />

decila nf decile<br />

declinacidn nf declination | d. de la aguja or<br />

magnetica deviation from magnetic north<br />

declive nm inclination, slope, incline, declivity,<br />

dip, pitch | en d. sloping, on a slope<br />

declividad nf slope<br />

dedo nm twelth part <strong>of</strong> a palmo, twenty-eigth<br />

part <strong>of</strong> a vara<br />

defecto nm defect | d. de estructura crystal defect<br />

| d. de masa mass defect<br />

deflacidn nf deflation<br />

deflexion nf deflection | d. de la aguja magnetic<br />

deviation<br />

deformacidn nf deformation | strain<br />

deformar vtr to deform | to strain<br />

degradacidn nf degradation, erosion<br />

degradar vtr to degrade<br />

dejar respaldo vtr [Pe] to leave ore in the wall-<br />

rock <strong>of</strong> a mine<br />

deleznable adj brittle, friable, crumbly<br />

deleznamiento nm slakings<br />

deleznar vtr to crumble<br />

delineado,-da adj blocked-out (ore)<br />

delinear vtr to block out (ore)<br />

delta nm delta | d. continental inland delta | d.<br />

glaciarico kame delta | d. marine marine delta<br />

deltaico,-ca adj deltaic<br />

demantoide adj demantoid, uralian emerald<br />

demarcacidn nf demarcation<br />

demarcador,-dora nf demarcating, <strong>of</strong><br />

D-l<br />

demarcation<br />

demarcar vtr to demarcate, delimit, mark out<br />

demasias nfpl [Bol] land falling outside <strong>of</strong><br />

existing mining claims<br />

dendriforme adj dendroid<br />

dendrita nf dendrite<br />

dendritico,-ca adj dendritic<br />

dendioideadj dendroid<br />

dendroideo,-dea adj dendroid<br />

densidad nf density | d. API API gravity | d. de<br />

probabilidad probability density | d. natural<br />

natural (rock) density | d. relativa relative<br />

density, specific gravity<br />

densimetro nm densimeter<br />

dentado,-da adj jagged, serrated, toothed |<br />

dentate<br />

dentellado,-da adj jagged, serrated, toothed |<br />

dentate<br />

denticulado,-da adj toothed<br />

denudacidn nf erosion, denudation<br />

denudar vtr to erode, denude<br />

denuncia nf petition for a mining claim<br />

denunciar vtr to obtain legal possession to a<br />

mining claim<br />

deplecidn nf depletion<br />

deposicidn nf deposition<br />

depositor ufr to deposit | vpr to settle<br />

depdsito nm deposit, sediment | deposition |<br />

reservoir, tank | d. aluvial alluvial deposit | d.<br />

de contacto contact metamorphic deposit | d. de<br />

minerales mineral deposit | d. de metal ore<br />

deposit | d. estratoligase stratiform deposit | d.<br />

glaciar glacial deposit | d. mural mural deposit<br />

| d. par deslizamiento slump | d. vetiforme<br />

vetiform deposit<br />

depositicidn nf deposition<br />

depresidn nf depression, hollow | gap, pass | d.<br />

literal longshore trough<br />

depuracidn nf purification (<strong>of</strong> water)<br />

depurar vtr to purify<br />

derecho,-cha adj straight | nm grant,<br />

concession | d. de captura rule <strong>of</strong> capture | d. de<br />

mina mineral rights<br />

derechos nmpl tax on ore | d. de mineraje royalty<br />

| d. de senoraje duty formerly paid to the king<br />

<strong>of</strong> Spain on coining gold or silver<br />

deriva nf drift | d. de (los) continentes continental<br />

drift<br />

derivar vtr to calculate | vintr to incline, drift,<br />

trend<br />

derivacidn nf <strong>of</strong>fset

---

derramamiento nm run<strong>of</strong>f<br />

derramarse vpr to overflow, run-<strong>of</strong>f<br />

derrame nm declivity, slope, incline | sill |<br />

overflow, run<strong>of</strong>f<br />

derretido,-da adj melted, molten<br />

derretimiento nm melting, thawing<br />

derretir vtr to melt, thaw, melt down | vpr to<br />

melt, become molten, thaw<br />

derribar vtr to break ground<br />

derribo nm breaking ground<br />

derrocado,-da adj caved<br />

derrubiar vtr to erode, undermine, wash away<br />

derrubio nm alluvium | erosion, undermining,<br />

washing away | d. estriado striated pebbles | d.<br />

glacial glacial drift<br />

derrumbadero nm precipice, cliff<br />

derrumbamiento nm caving, collapse <strong>of</strong><br />

workings | landslide | slumping | d. de tierra<br />

landslide<br />

derrumbarse vpr to cave in, fall in, collapse<br />

derrumbe nm caving, collapse <strong>of</strong> workings |<br />

landslide | d. de montana rockfall<br />

derrumbo nm precipice | [Col] landslide<br />

desagregacion nf desaggregation, disintegration<br />

desagregado,-da adj disintegrated<br />

desaguadero nm drain, outlet<br />

desaguador nm drain, canal, outlet<br />

desaguamdo nm drainage, draining | drain,<br />

outlet<br />

desaguar vtr to drain, empty, run <strong>of</strong>f | v intr to<br />

flow, drain into | vpr to drain<br />

desagiie nm drainage, draining | drain, outlet<br />

desahucio nm [Bol] anullment <strong>of</strong> a mining claim<br />

for failure to pay taxes<br />

desalacion nf desalinization<br />

desalar vtr to desalinate<br />

desalinizacion nf desalinization<br />

desalinizar vtr to desalinate<br />

desamontar vtr to unpile<br />

desamparar vtr to abandon a mine or working<br />

desamparo nm abandonment <strong>of</strong> a mine or<br />

working<br />

desaparacion del mineral nf picnhing out<br />

desarenar vtr [Col] to wash away sand in a<br />

placer working<br />

desarollar v tr develop | to unroll, unfold (a<br />

map) | vpr to develop, be developed | to<br />

unroll, unfold (a map)<br />

desarollo nm development | expansion (<strong>of</strong> a<br />

mathematical expression) | unrolling (<strong>of</strong> a<br />

map)<br />

D-2<br />

desazogadera nf retort used to volatilize and<br />

recover mercury from amalgam<br />

desazogar vtr to volatalize and recover mercury<br />

desbarrancadero nm precipice<br />

desbocado,-da adj overflowing (river)<br />

desbordamiento nm overflow, overflowing<br />

desbordar vintr/pr/tr to overflow, flood<br />

desborde nm overflowing<br />

descalaminado nm removal <strong>of</strong> calamine<br />

descalaminar vtr to remove calamine from<br />

descalcificacion nf decalcification<br />

descalcificar vtr to decalcify | vpr to become<br />

decalcified<br />

descarbonatar vtr to decarbonate<br />

descarburacion nf decarbonization,<br />

decarbonizing<br />

descarburante adj decarbonizing, decarburizing<br />

| nm decarbonization, decarbonizing<br />

decarburar vtr to decarbonate, decarburize<br />

descargar vtr to discharge | vintr to flow | d. en<br />

to flow into<br />

descendencia nf descendence<br />

descendente adj downslope<br />

descendiente adj descending | descendent,<br />

descendant<br />

descenso nm subsidence<br />

descoagulante adj liquefying<br />

descoagular vtr to liquify, dissolve<br />

descogollar vtr [Col] to work the cogollo or<br />

upper part <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

descolorante adj bleaching<br />

descolorar vtr to bleach | vpr to be bleached<br />

descolorido,-da adj bleached | nm bleaching<br />

descolorimiento nm bleaching<br />

descolorir vtr to bleach | vpr to be bleached<br />

descomponer vtr/pr to decompose | to resolve<br />

(a force) | to split up (a fraction) | to break<br />

down<br />

descomposicidn nf decomposition | resolution<br />

(<strong>of</strong> a force) | factoring<br />

descompresion nf decompression<br />

descomprimir vtr to decompress<br />

descompuesto,-ta adj decomposed<br />

desconcharse vpr to spall, exfoliate<br />

describir vtr to trace | to describe<br />

descripcidn nf tracing | description<br />

descuajar vtr/pr to liquify, dissolve<br />

descubierto,-ta adj exposed<br />

descubridor,-ra adj discovered<br />

descubrimiento nm discovery | d. en suspension<br />

suspended discovery

---

descubrir vtr to discover<br />

desdoblar vtr to unfold (a map)<br />

desecacion nf dessication, drying | draining (<strong>of</strong><br />

a marsh)<br />

desecado,-da adj dried, dessicated | nm drying,<br />

dessication<br />

desecador,-dora adj drying, dessicating<br />

desecamiento nm dessication, drying | draining<br />

(<strong>of</strong> a marsh)<br />

desecante adj drying, dessicating<br />

desecar vtr/pr to dry up, dessicate | to drain<br />

desecativo,-va adj drying, dessicating<br />

desecho nm waste rock | very low grade ore |<br />

[surv] <strong>of</strong>fset<br />

desembocadura nf river mouth, outlet<br />

desembocar vintr to flow, run<br />

desencielar vtr [Col] to extract ore that remains<br />

between two adits<br />

desenc<strong>of</strong>rado nm removal <strong>of</strong> timbering from a<br />

mine<br />

desenc<strong>of</strong>rar vtr to remove timbering from a<br />

mine<br />

desescombrar vtr to muck<br />

desescombro nm mucking<br />

desfiladero nm gorge, narrow pass, defile<br />

desgarramiento nm tear, disjunction | [Vz]<br />

shattering, breaking up<br />

desgarre nm rift<br />

desgasificacion nf degassing<br />

desgastar vtr to abrade, erode, wear away | to<br />

corrode<br />

desgaste nm abrasion, erosion, wearing away |<br />

corrosion<br />

deshelarse vpr to melt, thaw (ice in a river)<br />

deshiele nm thaw<br />

deshielo nm thawing, melting | ablation<br />

desierto nm desert | d. de arena sand desert | d.<br />

de piedra rock desert d.frio cold desert | d.<br />

salino salt desert<br />

desigual adj uneven<br />

desigualidad nf inequality<br />

desilificacion nf desilification<br />

desilificar vtr desilicify<br />

desimanacion or desirnantacion nf<br />

demagnetization<br />

desimanar or desimantar vtr to demagnetize<br />

desintegracion nf desintegration, decay | d.<br />

espontanea spontaneous fission | d. radioactiva<br />

radioactive or atomic decay<br />

deslava nm erosion | alluvium<br />

deslavable adj erodible<br />

D-3<br />

deslavar vtr to erode<br />

desleir vtr to dissolve | to dilute | vpr to<br />

dissolve | to be diluted<br />

desleidura nf dissolving | dilution<br />

desleimiento nm dissolving | dilution<br />

deslindador nm land surveyor<br />

deslindamiento nm delimitation, demarcation,<br />

marking <strong>of</strong> boundaries<br />

deslindar vtr to mark the boundaries <strong>of</strong>,<br />

delimit, demarcate, survey<br />

deslinde nm demarcation<br />

desliz nf landslide<br />

deslizamiento nm landslide, slide | slip | d. de<br />

faldeo landslide | d. de terreno landslide | d.<br />

laminar afin affine laminar slip | d. lento slow<br />

slide | d. total net slip<br />

deslizarse vpr to run, flow | to slip, slide, glide<br />

desmagnetizacidn nf demagnetization<br />

desmagnetizar vtr to demagnetize<br />

desmenuzable adj friable | unstable<br />

desmineralizacion nf demineralize<br />

desmineralizar vtr to demineralize<br />

desmontar vtr to strip away overburden<br />

desmonte nm overburden | waste rock |<br />

levelled ground | rubble, excavated soil |<br />

excavation j desmontes de cantera [Ch] quarry<br />

refuse<br />

desmoronamiento nm erosion <strong>of</strong> river banks,<br />

etc. | landslide<br />

desmuestre nm coring, core sampling<br />

desnitrar vtr todenitrate<br />

desnitrificacidn nf denitrification<br />

desnitrificar vtr to denitrify<br />

desnivel nm uneveness <strong>of</strong> ground | slope,<br />

gradient | difference in height<br />

desnivelado,-da adj sloping<br />

despajar vtr [Mex] to concentrate ores<br />

despaje nm [Mex] mill tailings<br />

despegue nm detachment, decollement<br />

despenadero,-ra adj steep, precipitous | nm<br />

steep face, precipice, cliff<br />

desperdicio nm waste | spoil<br />

despilado,-da adj robbed <strong>of</strong> pillars<br />

despilar vtr to rob pillars<br />

despilanamiento nm robbing <strong>of</strong> pillars<br />

despinta «/[Ch] silver ore assaying less than 50<br />

diezmilesimos in grade | [Arg] poorest grade<br />

ores, rich in pyrite<br />

desplazado,-da adj displaced<br />

desplazamiento nm displacement | slip | d.<br />

aparente apparent displacement or separation |

---

d. porfase miscible miscible drive<br />

desplazar vtr to displace<br />

despliegue nm deployment | d. en cruz cross<br />

spread<br />

desplome nm collapse | d. de montana rockfall<br />

despojo nm [Bol] debris | [Col] extraction, as<br />

from a mine<br />

desprender de vtr to separate from<br />

desprendimiento nm landslide<br />

desprovisito,-ta adj devoid<br />

despueble adj abandonment (mines) | nm<br />

abandonment <strong>of</strong> a mine<br />

despuntador nm pick, pickaxe (miner's)<br />

desquebrajado,-da adj cracked, split<br />

desquebrajar vtr to crack, split<br />

destaje or destajo nm [Bol] contract work,<br />

tut work | [Pe] open cut<br />

destilacion nf distillation | d. al vacio vacuum<br />

distillation<br />

destilado nm distillate<br />

desvenar vtr to extract ore from a vein or mine<br />

desviacion nf deviation, departure, deflection |<br />

d. del pozo side tracking | d, media mean<br />

deviation<br />

desviarse vpr to deviate, deflect, depart from |<br />

to branch <strong>of</strong>f<br />

desvio nm wandering (<strong>of</strong> a river) | vein which<br />

meets another, follows it for a short distance<br />

and then resumes its normal course<br />

desviometro nm driftmeter<br />

desvitrificacidn nf devitrification<br />

desvitrificar vtr to devitrify<br />

desvolcanarse vpr [Col] to be covered by a lahar<br />

or mudslide | to collapse | to be destroyed<br />

deszafrar vtr to carry away waste from a mine<br />

desviacion nf deflection<br />

detector nm detector | d. de aqua divining rod |<br />

d. de gas gas explorer<br />

deteriorizacion nf deteriorization<br />

deterioro nm deteriorization<br />

detritico,-ca adj detritic<br />

detrito nm detritus | d. aluvial alluvium<br />

deuterico,-ca adj deuteric<br />

deuterio nm deuterium<br />

devoniano,-na adj Devonian<br />

devonico,-ca adj Devonian<br />

dextroso,-sa adj dextral<br />

deyeccion nf ejection <strong>of</strong> volcanic material |<br />

ejecta | debris<br />

diabasa nf diabase<br />

diabasico,-ca adj diabasic<br />

D-4<br />

diaclasa nf joint | d. de buzamiento dip joint | d.<br />

de cizalla shear joint | d. de contraction joint <strong>of</strong><br />

retreat | d. decortante shear joint | d. de<br />

direction strike joint | d. de estratification<br />

bedding joint | d. de inclination dip joint | d. de<br />

rumbo strike joint | d. de tension tension joint |<br />

d. de traction tension joint | d. diagonal oblique<br />

joint | d. oblicula oblique joint<br />

diaclasado,-da adj jointed, jointy<br />

diaclasado nm jointing | d. angular angular<br />

jointing<br />

diaclasimiento nm jointing<br />

diafanidad nf transparency<br />

diaftoresis nm diaftoresis<br />

diagenesis nf diagenesis | induration<br />

diagrafia nf logging | d. de amplitud amplitude<br />

log | d. de densidad density log<br />

diagrama nm diagram | d. de barras bar diagram<br />

| d. defases phase diagram | d. de pozo well log<br />

| d. de proximidad proximity log | d. de sectores<br />

pie diagram<br />

dialaga nf diagolite<br />

diamagnetico,-ca adj diamagnetic<br />

diamantado,-da adj diamond-like, diamond<br />

diamante nm diamond | d. brillante brilliant<br />

diamond | d. bruto rough diamond | d. en bruto<br />

rough diamond | d. falso fake diamond | d.<br />

negro bort | d. rebolludo round rough diamond<br />

| d. rosa rose diamond | d. tabla table diamond<br />

| d. tallado cut diamond<br />

diamantifero,-ra adj diamond-bearing,<br />

diamond-yield ing, diamantiferous<br />

diamantino,-na adj diamond, diamond-like |<br />

nm [Guanajuato, Mex] veinstone formed <strong>of</strong><br />

hornfels and crystalline feldspar<br />

diamantista nm diamond cutter | diamond<br />

merchant<br />

diapiro nm diapir | d. salino salt dome<br />

diario nm logbook | d. de sondeo drilling journal<br />

or record<br />

diaspora nf diaspore<br />

diaspora nm diaspore<br />

diasquistica nf dischistic, differentiated<br />

diasquisto nm dischistic rock, differentiated<br />

dike rock<br />

diastr<strong>of</strong>ismo nm diastrophism<br />

diastroma nf diastrophism<br />

diatom£ceo,-cea adj diatamaceous<br />

diatomea nf diatom<br />

diatrema nf diatreme | maar | d. de explosion<br />

diatreme

---

dicroita nf dichroite<br />

dicroismo nm dichroism<br />

dicroita nf cordierite<br />

diedro,-ra adj dihedral | nm dihedron<br />

dientes de perro nmpl scalenohedral calcite<br />

diestro,-ra adj dextral<br />

diezmilesimo nm [Ch] 0.0001 grams <strong>of</strong> metal in<br />

10 grams <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

diferencia nf difference | d. de latitud norte<br />

northing | d. de latitud sur southing | d. en<br />

longitud meridian distance | d. en nivel fall,<br />

difference in level | d. media mean difference<br />

diferenciacidn nf differentiation | d. magmdtica<br />

magmatic differentiation<br />

diferencial adj differential<br />

difluencia nf diffluence<br />

difraccidn nf diffraction<br />

difractar vtr to diffract<br />

difractivo,-va adj diffractive<br />

difractdmetro nm diffractometer<br />

difrangente adj diffractive<br />

difundido,-da adj diffuse<br />

difusidnn/ diffusion | scattering<br />

digestidn nf assimilation<br />

digitacidn nf fingering<br />

digitado,-da adj digitate, digitated<br />

digito nm digit<br />

dilatacidn nf dilation<br />

dilatado,-da adj dilated<br />

dilatarufr to dilate<br />

dilucidn nf dilution<br />

diluido,-da adj dilute<br />

diluir vtr to dilute<br />

diluvio nm flood, deluge<br />

diluvidnnm diluvium<br />

dimanar vintr to flow, run<br />

dinamico,-ca adj dynamic | nf dynamics<br />

dinamometamorfismo nm dynamic<br />

metamorphism<br />

dinamitacidn nf well shooting<br />

dineral nm weight <strong>of</strong> gold <strong>of</strong> 24 quilates or 96<br />

granos \ weight <strong>of</strong> silver <strong>of</strong> 12 dineros or 298<br />

granos<br />

dinero nm twelth part <strong>of</strong> a dineral<br />

dinosaurio nm dinosaur<br />

diodo nm diode<br />

dionisia nf bloodstone (par <strong>of</strong> jasper) |<br />

specular! te<br />

didpsida nf diopside<br />

didpsido nm diopside<br />

dioptasa nf dioptase<br />

D-5<br />

diorita nf diorite | d. compacta aphanite | d.<br />

esquistosa greenstone<br />

dioritico,-ca adj dioritic<br />

didxido nm dioxide | d. de silicic silicon dioxide,<br />

quartz<br />

dipiramide nm bipyramid<br />

dipolo nm dipole<br />

dique nm dike | d. anular ring dike<br />

direccidn nf strike | trend | d. local local strike<br />

| d. media average strike j d. principal principal<br />

strike<br />

dirigirse vpr to strike or trend<br />

disco nm disc<br />

discoidal adj disc-shaped<br />

disconformidad nf disconformity<br />

discontinuidad nf discontinuity<br />

discontmuo,-nua adj discontinuous<br />

discordancia nf unconformity j d. angular<br />

angular unconformity | d. de erosion erosional<br />

unconformity | d. de plegamiento j d. paralela<br />

disconformity<br />

discordante adj discordant<br />

disfrutar vtr to work, expolit or pr<strong>of</strong>it from a<br />

mine, vein, etc.<br />

disfrute nm working or exploitation <strong>of</strong> a mine,<br />

vein, etc.<br />

disgregacidn nf disintegration | breaking up<br />

disgregante adj disintegrating<br />

disgregar vtr to disintegrate<br />

disimetria nf disymmetry<br />

dislocacidn nf dislocation, throw or a fault |<br />

fault | d. ascendente upthrow | d. circular fault<br />

pit | d. descendente downthrow | d. longitudinal<br />

strike-slip fault | d. periferica circular fault j d.<br />

rumbeante strike-slip fault | d. transversal cross<br />

fault | d. vertical vertical fault<br />

dislocado,-da adj displaced, faulted, disrupted<br />

disclocar vtr to displace, fault<br />

disminuacidn nf decrease<br />

disminuir vtr to decrease<br />

disolubilidad nf solubility<br />

disolubleod/ soluble<br />

disolucidn nf solution<br />

disolvente nm solvent<br />

disolvertrfr todisolve<br />

disperarse vpr to die out (as for a vein)<br />

dispersion nf dispersion | d. de la capa irregular<br />

surface on a bed<br />

disponerse en vpr to be found, occur<br />

disposicidn nf arrangment | bedding | d.<br />

alternante alternation <strong>of</strong> beds | d. concordance

---

conformable bedding | d. discordante<br />

unconformity<br />

dispositive nm layout | d. de tiro shot pattern |<br />

d. simetrico split spread<br />

distancia nf distance | d. horizontal de<br />

afloramientos normal horizontal separation<br />

distena nf disthene<br />

distension nf distension, extension<br />

distribucidn nf distribution | d. cesurada<br />

censored distribution | d. compuesta mixture<br />

distribution | d. conditional conditional<br />

distribution | d. defrecuencia frequency<br />

distribution | d. de la muestra sample<br />

distribution | d. ligada conditional distribution<br />

| d. marginal marginal distribution | d.<br />

observada observed distribution | d. simetrica<br />

symmetric distribution | d. truncada truncated<br />

distribution<br />

distrito nm district | d. minero mining district<br />

disuelto,-ta adj dissolved<br />

disyuncidn nf fracture | jointing | d. de rocas<br />

jointing | d. prismatica columnar jointing | d.<br />

tabular tabular jointing<br />

divergencia nf divergence<br />

divergente adj divergent | nm divergent<br />

division nf joint<br />

divisoria nf divide | d. de vertientes watershed<br />

divorcio de las aguas nm divide, ridge<br />

ddcil adj free-milling, easily treated<br />

dodecaedro nm dodecahedron<br />

dodecaetileno nm dodecatylene<br />

dodecano nm dodecane<br />

dolina nf doline<br />

dolomia nf dolostone<br />

dolomitico,-ca adj dolomitic<br />

dolomitizar vtr to dolomitize<br />

domeriano,-na adj Domerian<br />

Domeriense nm Domerian<br />

dominio nm domain | d. minero mining area<br />

D-6<br />

domo nm dome | d. de sal salt dome | d. salino<br />

salt dome or plug | d. volcanico volcanic dome<br />

dorado,-da adj golden | nm [Michoacan, Me"x]<br />

chalcopyrite-bearing copper ore<br />

dorsal oceanica nf mid-oceanic ridge<br />

dosificacidn nf titration<br />

dosis nf proportion (chemicals)<br />

downtoniano,-na adj Downtonian<br />

downtoniense adj Downtonian<br />

draga nf dredge, dredger, dredging machine<br />

dragado nm dredging<br />

dragador,-dora adj dredging | nm dredger,<br />

dredge<br />

dragaje nm dredging<br />

dragalina nf [Sp] dragline<br />

dragalinea n/[Mex] dragline<br />

dragar vtr to dredge<br />

drenaje nm drainage | d. efectivo net drainage |<br />

d. par expansion depletion drive drainage | d.<br />

por expansion degas gas cap drive | d. por<br />

expansion de gas libre gas cap drive j d. por<br />

gravedad gravity drainage<br />

drusa nf druse | drusy cavity or vug | en d.<br />

drusy<br />

diictil adj ductile<br />

ductilidad nf ductility<br />

duna nf dune | d. continental \ d. costera coastal<br />

dune | d. de playa coastal dune | d. descendente<br />

falling dune | d.falciformebarchandune \ d.<br />

longitudinal longitudinal dune | d.parabolica<br />

parabolic dune | d. seifseif dune | d. d.<br />

transversal transverse dune trepadora climbing<br />

dune<br />

dureza nf hardness | d. delagua water hardness<br />

duro,-ra adj hard<br />

duro nm [Asientos, M£x] hard copper ores with<br />

quartz gangue

---

eclimometro nm clinometer<br />

econometro nm econometer<br />

ecosonda nf echo sounder<br />

ecuacidn nf equation<br />

ecuador nm equator | e. magnetico aclinic line |<br />

e. terrestre earth's equator<br />

ecuatorial adj ecuatorial<br />

echado,-da adj inclined | nm [Mex] dip,<br />

inclination<br />

edad nf age | e. de hielo ice age | e. glacial ice age<br />

edafologia nf pedology<br />

efecto nm effect | e. de perforation borehole effect<br />

eficacia nf efficiency | e. de barrido sweep<br />

efficiency<br />

eflorescencia nf efflorescence | [Pe] outcrop<br />

efluente nm effluent outflow<br />

efusidn nf eruption, extrusion<br />

efusivo,-va adj extrusive<br />

egirina nf aegirite, aegirine<br />

egirita nf aegirite<br />

eifeliano,-na adj Eifelian<br />

eifeliense adj Eifelian<br />

einstenio nm einsteinium<br />

eje nm axis | e. anticlinal anticlinal axis | e.<br />

cinemdtico de simetria kinematic symmetry | e.<br />

cristalogrdfico crystallographic axis | e. de<br />

plegamiento fold axis | e. de simetria axis <strong>of</strong><br />

symmetry | e. de simetria del pliegue fold<br />

symmetry axis | e. de simetria estructural fabric<br />

symmetry axis | e. de simetria para plegamiento<br />

fold symmetry axis | e. principal de deformacion<br />

principal strain axis | e. sismico seismic axis | e.<br />

tecto-textural de simetria fabric symmetry axis<br />

elasticidad nf elasticity<br />

elastico,-ca adj elastic<br />

elaterometro nm elaterometer<br />

electro nm amber | electrum<br />

electrode nm electrode<br />

electrolito nm electrolyte<br />

electrolizacion nf electrolysis<br />

electromagnetico,-ca adj electromagnetic<br />

electroquimico,-ca adj electrochemical<br />

elemento nm element | e. mineral \ e. trazo trace<br />

element<br />

eleolita nf nepheline<br />

elevacidn nf elevation, height | rise in the<br />

ground, hill<br />

elipsoidal adj ellipsoidal<br />

E-l<br />

elipsoide nm ellipsoid | e. biaxial biaxial<br />

ellipsoid | e. de referenda reference ellipsoid | e.<br />

optico optical ellipsoid | e. uniaxial uniaxial<br />

ellipsoid<br />

eliptico,-ca adj elliptical, elliptic<br />

eluvacion nf eluviation<br />

eluvion nf eluvium, talus<br />

embacarse la veta vpr to lose a vein<br />

embalse nm pondage<br />

emanacidn nf exhalation, emanation<br />

embije or embijete nm [Me"x] thin coating <strong>of</strong><br />

mineral on a joint<br />

embocadura nf entrance<br />

embudiforme adj funnel-shaped<br />

embudo nm funnel | doline | e. de ablacion<br />

ablation funnel | e. de explosion maar<br />

emerger umfr to project, jut out | to emerge<br />

emisidn nf emission<br />

emorrascamiento nm [Mex] depletion <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

emborrascarse vpr [Mex] to lose sight <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

embozado nm [Mex] blind rich ore<br />

embudo nm sink hole<br />

emisor nm transmitter, emitter | e. de<br />

ultrasonidos pinger<br />

emjambre de diques adj dike swarm<br />

empalmar vtr to join, as for veins, etc.<br />

empanizado,-da adj [Cochas, Pe] altered,<br />

decomposed<br />

empinado,-da adj steep<br />

emplazamiento nm emplacement<br />

emplazar ufr toemplace<br />

empobrecido,-da adj impoverished, depleted<br />

empobrecimiento nm depletion <strong>of</strong> ore |<br />

impoverishment<br />

empresa nf company, firm, enterprise<br />

empuje nm pressure | drive | e. hidrostatico<br />

water drive | e. horizontal horizontal pressure |<br />

e. tangencial tangential pressure | e. vertical<br />

vertical pressure<br />

emscheriano,-na adj Emscherian<br />

emscheriense nm Emscherian<br />

emsiano,-na adj Emsian<br />

emsiense nm Emsian<br />

enantimorfo,-fa adj enantimorphous<br />

enarenamiento nf sanding<br />

enarenar vtr to mix ore with sand | to cover<br />

with sand<br />

encajetado nm [Hualgayoc, Pe] oxidized silver<br />

ore<br />

encanada nf [Bol] canyon<br />

encapado,-da adj cloaked, coated, encased |

---

lind, concealed<br />

encape nm [Bol] overburden<br />

encenagamiento nm [Arg] mud deposit<br />

encentrar vtr to open up a vein along strike or in<br />

the direction <strong>of</strong> dip<br />

enclave nm inclusion<br />

encontrar vtr to meet, as for veins, etc.<br />

encorvado,-da adj crooked<br />

encorvamiento nm warping<br />

encrespadura nf ripplemark<br />

encuentro nm meeting <strong>of</strong> two veins<br />

endicamiento nm impounding<br />

enlace nm bond, tie | e. atomico atomic bond<br />

endentado,-da adj serrate<br />

endliquita nf endlichite<br />

enddgeno,-na adj endogenous<br />

energia nf energy | e. nuclear nuclear energy<br />

enganchado,-da adj [Pe] contracted to pay <strong>of</strong>f a<br />

debt<br />

enganchador nm [Pe] mine worker serving<br />

under debt peonage<br />

enganchadora nf [Pe] mine labor contractor<br />

enganche nm [Pe] debt servitude, generally to<br />

pay <strong>of</strong>f debts owed to the company store<br />

enigmatita nf aenigmite<br />

enlazimiento nm connection, link<br />

enriquecerse vpr to come upon higher grade<br />

ores<br />

enriquecimiento nm enrichment <strong>of</strong> veins | e.<br />

secundario secondary enrichment<br />

enrollado,-da adj convoluted<br />

ensanchado,-da adj widening, flaring<br />

ensanche nm widening | e. de unfilon swelling<br />

or bunching <strong>of</strong> a lode<br />

ensanchamiento nm widening<br />

ensayarufr to assay<br />

ensaye nm assay<br />

ensayo nm assay | test | e. de capas drill stem<br />

test<br />

ensenada nf bay<br />

ensiforme adj bladed<br />

entalpia nf enthalpy<br />

enterrado,-da adj buried<br />

entierro nm burial<br />

entrada nf entrance to a mine | recess<br />

entrar vintr to empty | e. tajo or tonga [Col] to<br />

drain a mine or placer working<br />

entrecrecer vtr to intergrow<br />

entrecrecido,-da adj intergrown<br />

entrecrecimiento nm intergrowth<br />

entrelaminado,-da adj interbedded<br />

E-2<br />

entremontana nf intermountain, median mass,<br />

intermontane area, intermediate massif<br />

entreverado,-da adj stockwork<br />

entropia nf entropy<br />

eocambriano,-na adj Eocambrian<br />

eocambrico,-ca adj Eocambrian<br />

eoceno,-na adj Eocene | nm Eocene<br />

eocenico,-ca adj Eocene<br />

edlico,-ca adj aeolian<br />

ednnm aeon<br />

eopaleozoico nm Eopaleozoic<br />

eozoico,-ca adj Proterozoic<br />

epicentre nm epicenter<br />

epidoto nm epidote | e. calizo zoisite | e.<br />

manganesico piedmontite<br />

epigene"tico,-ca adj epigenetic<br />

epipelagico,-ca adj epipelagic<br />

epiroca nf epirock<br />

epirogenesis nf epeirogenesis, epeirogeny<br />

epirogenetico,-ca adj epeirogenetic<br />

epirogenia nf epeirogenesis, epeirogeny<br />

epirogenico,-ca adj epeirogenic<br />

epizona nf epizone | de la e. epizonal<br />

epoca nf epoch | efria ice age | e geologica era |<br />

e metalogenica metallogenic epoch<br />

equilibrio nm equilibrium | material balance<br />

equipo nm shift | rig | gear | e. perforador<br />

drilling rig<br />

equivalente adj equivalent<br />

era nf era | salt water pond formed by<br />

evaporation | e. geologica era<br />

ergio nm erg<br />

erguimiento nm uplift<br />

eritrina nf erythrite<br />

erodado,-da adj eroded<br />

erosion nf erosion | e. fluvial fluvial erosion | e.<br />

glacial glacial erosion | e. mecanico mechanical<br />

erosion | e. pr<strong>of</strong>unda deep erosion | e. regresiva<br />

retrogressive erosion | e. cjuimico chemical<br />

erosion | e. vertical downcutting<br />

erosionado,-da adj eroded<br />

erratico,-ca adj erratic<br />

error nm error | e. cuadrdtico media mean square<br />

error | e. de medida measurement error | e. de<br />

muestro sampling error | e. de observacion<br />

observational error | e. media mean error<br />

erubescita nf bornite<br />

erupcidn adj eruption | blow-out (<strong>of</strong> a well) | e.<br />

defiance flank eruption<br />

eruptivo,-va adj eruptive, volcanic<br />

esarcha nf [Pe] native sulphur

---

escala nf scale | e. de dureza hardness scale<br />

(Moh's) | e. Rankine Rankine scale<br />

escalenoedrico,-ca adj scalenohedral<br />

escalenoedro nm scalenohedron<br />

escalon nm step | stope | e. de circo cirque | e.<br />

de conflnencia confluence step | e. de banco<br />

underhand stope | e. de cielo overhand stope |<br />

e. de denudacion erosion scarp | e, de folia fault<br />

scarp | e. defractura fault scarp | e. marginal<br />

marginal step<br />

escalonamiento nm stepping<br />

escama nf slice, flake | scale<br />

escamiforme adj scale-like<br />

escamosiones nfpl incrustations, scale<br />

escamoso,-sa adj scaley, platy<br />

escapolita nf scapolite<br />

escarapela nf rosette<br />

escarcha n/[Pe] native silver<br />

escarpa nf escarpment, scarp | e. defractura fault<br />

scarp | e. de piamonte scarplet<br />

escarpado/-da adj steep<br />

escarpar vtr to scarp, slope<br />

escarpe nm scarp, escarpment | e. defalla fault<br />

scarp<br />

escarpita nf scarplet<br />

escaso,-sa adj rare, infrequent<br />

escintilometro nm scintillometer | e. aereo<br />

airborne scintillometer<br />

escoger a mano vtr to hand sort (ores)<br />

escollera nf cliff<br />

escollo nm shoal, reef<br />

escombrera nf debris | waste heap<br />

escombro nm waste rock | detritus, talus |<br />

overburden on placers | e. glacial drift<br />

escopetar vtr to work a gold mine<br />

escoria nf scoria | slag | dross<br />

escorial nm slag heap | deposit <strong>of</strong> volcanic ash<br />

| lava bed<br />

escota nf miner's pick<br />

escudo nm shield | e. continental continental<br />

shield<br />

escurrente adj exhalant, effluent<br />

escurrimiento nm draining, run<strong>of</strong>f | e. superficial<br />

surface run<strong>of</strong>f<br />

escurrirse vpr to run <strong>of</strong>f<br />

esfalerita nf sphalerite<br />

esfena nf sphene<br />

esfeno nm sphene<br />

esfenolita nf sphenolith<br />

esfera nf sphere<br />

esferal adj spherical<br />

E-3<br />

esferico,-ca adj spherical<br />

esferoidal adj spheroidal<br />

esferoide nm spheroid | e. intraformacional<br />

convolutional ball | e. lacustre lake ball<br />

esferolitico,-ca adj spherulitic<br />

esferolito nm spherulite<br />

esferosiderita n/spherosiderite<br />

esfuerzo nm stress<br />

eslamosa nf nagyagite<br />

esmaltina nf smaltite<br />

esmaltita nf smaltite<br />

esmanil nm sphalerite<br />

esmeralda nf emerald | e. oriental corundum<br />

esmeril nm emory | [Mex] arsenopyrite<br />

esmitsonita nf smithsonite<br />

espacio nm spacing<br />

espalto nm spalt, fluorspar flux<br />

esparnaciano,-na adj Sparnacian<br />

esparnaciense nm Sparnacian<br />

espatico,-ca adj spathic<br />

espato nm spar | e. adamantine corundum | e.<br />

amargo magnesite | e. azul blue fluorspar |<br />

lazulite | e. bruno brown dolomite, magnesite |<br />

e. calcareo calcite | e. calcico calcite | e. calizo<br />

calcite | e. de cat calcite | e. de cine smithsonite<br />

| e. (de)fluor fluorspar, fluorite | e. dehierro<br />

siderite | e. de Islandia Iceland spar | e. de itrio<br />

xenotime | e. de manganese rhodochrosite,<br />

rhodonite or dialogite | e. en tablas wollastonite<br />

| e. ferrifero siderite | e. fetido bituminous<br />

fluorite | e. fluor fluorspar, blue fluorspar | e.<br />

lustroso satin spar (calcite or gypsum) | e.<br />

manganoso dialogite | e. pardo brown dolomite,<br />

magnesite | e. pesado barite | e. romboidal<br />

dolomite | e. satinado fibrous gypsum<br />

especie nm species | e. tipo type species<br />

especimen nm specimen<br />

especularo^/ specular<br />

espejado nm [Pe] galena<br />

espejo nm [Col] slickenside | e. defalla<br />

slickenside | e. defriccion slickenside<br />

espejuelo nm mica | transparent talc | [Ch]<br />

fine-grained, transparent selenite or gypsum |<br />

[Ch] calcite | [Real de Monte, M£x] galena and<br />

sphalerite crystals generally poor in silver |<br />

[Pe] lead carbonate | [Hualgayoc, Pe] barite<br />

espeleologia nf speleology<br />

esperanza nf expectation | e. matemdtica<br />

mathematical expectation<br />

esperkisa nf spear pyrite (var <strong>of</strong> marcasite)<br />

espesartina nf spessartite

---

espesartita nf spessartite<br />

espeso^sa adj thick, dense<br />

espesor nm thickness <strong>of</strong> a bed, vein, etc.<br />

espesura nf density, thickness<br />

espiga nf bay bar<br />

espilita nf spilite<br />

espinela nf spinel | e. cincifera gahnite,<br />

franklinite | e. cromifera picotite<br />

espinelido nm spinellide<br />

espodito nm whitish volcanic ash<br />

espodumena nf spodumene<br />

esponja nf stockwork <strong>of</strong> veins | [Mex] spongy<br />

bullion<br />

espuma nf meerschaum | gossan | magnesia |<br />

e. de mar sepiolite | e. de nitro surface crust <strong>of</strong><br />

nitrate on salt flats<br />

esqueletal adj skeletal<br />

esquema nf sketch | classification | e. Lahee<br />

Lahee classification <strong>of</strong> exploratory wells<br />

esquisto nm shale, schist, slate | e. anfibolitico<br />

amphibole schist | e. arcilloso underclay | e.<br />

bituminoso oil shale | e. carbonoso coal shale | e.<br />

cloritico chlorite schist, greenschist | e.<br />

combustible oil shale | e. cornea hornslate | e. de<br />

anftbolita amphibolite schist | e. de barro<br />

mudstone | e. divisorio dividing slate | e.<br />

micaceo micaceous schist | e. noduloso spotted<br />

slate or schist | e. paralelo bedding schistosity |<br />

e. petrolifero oil shale | e. talcoso talc schist<br />

esquistoideo nm schistoid<br />

esquistosidad nf schistosity | cleavage, induced<br />

cleavage, rock cleavage | e. astillosa pencil<br />

cleavage | e. de crenulacion crenulation cleavage<br />

| e. en abanico cleavage fan | e. en pizzarin<br />

pencil cleavage | e. espaciada spaced cleavage |<br />

e. trasversal slaty cleavage<br />

esquistoso,-sa adj schistose<br />

essonita nf hessonite<br />

estabilidad nf stability | e. quimica chemical<br />

stability<br />

estabilizacidn nf stabilization<br />

estableod; stable<br />

estacidn nf season | station | e. gravimetrica<br />

gravity station<br />

estacional adj seasonal<br />

estadal nm land measure <strong>of</strong> 4 varas | [Mex]<br />

level rod | e. cuadrado 16 square varas<br />

estadia nf stadia<br />

estadio nm furlong<br />

estadistica nf statistics | e. de orden order<br />

statistics<br />

E-4<br />

estadistico,-ca adj statistical | nm statistic<br />

estado nm state | stage<br />

estaffordiano,-na adj Staffordian<br />

estaffordiense adj Staffordian<br />

estalactita nf stalactite<br />

estalagmita nf stalagmite<br />

estampiano,-na adj Stampian<br />

estampiense adj Stampian<br />

estanekita nf stannekite<br />

estanina nf stannite<br />

estannita nf stannite<br />

estanoso^sa adj stannous<br />

estanque nm pool | e. de petroleo oil pool | e.<br />

para colas tailings pond<br />

estanifero,-ra adj stanniferous, tin-bearing<br />

estanina nf stannite<br />

estano nm tin | tin ore | tin concentrate | e.<br />

acarreo placer tin | e. de aluvion placer tin | e. de<br />

arroyo placer tin | e. de cornuallis cassiterite | e.<br />

de escoria tin slag | e. de madera wood tin | e. de<br />

placeres placer tin | e. en grano placer tin | e.<br />

lenoso wood tin | e. piritoso stannite | e. vidrioso<br />

cassiterite | e. xiloide wood tin<br />

estanoso,-sa adj stannous<br />

estaurolita nf staurolite<br />

esteatita nf steatite, soapstone<br />

estefaniano,-na adj Stephanian<br />

estefaniense nm Stephanian<br />

estefanita nf stephanite<br />

estelidn nf olivine dolerite, toadstone<br />

esteldn nm olivine dolerite, toadstone<br />

estereograma nf stereogram<br />

estepa nf steppe<br />

esteril adj barren, sterile, devoid <strong>of</strong><br />

mineralization | dry (wells) | nm waste,<br />

waste rock<br />

esteril nm gangue | unmineralized or barren<br />

rock<br />

estero nm estuary, inlet | [Arg, Mex] swamp |<br />

[Bol, Ch] creek | [Vz] pond<br />

estiaje nm low water mark<br />

estibina nf stibnite<br />

estibnita nf stibnite<br />

estilbita nf stilbite<br />

estilo nm style | e. tectonico tectonic style<br />

estilotito nm stylolite<br />

estimacidn nf estimation | e. por el metodo de<br />

Bayes Bayesian estimation | e. por el metodo de<br />

los minimos cuadrados lest-squares estimation |<br />

e. por el metodo de momentos moment estimation<br />

| e. por intervalo interval estimation | e. por la

---

maxima versimilitud maximum-likelihood<br />

estimation | e. par regresion estimation by<br />

regression | e. puntual point estimation<br />

estimador nm estimator | e. convergente<br />

consistent estimator | e. exhaustive complete<br />

estimator | e. sesgado biased estimator | e. sin<br />

sesgo unbiased estimator<br />

estimarse vpr to be taken to be, appear to be,<br />

suggest to be<br />

estiramiento nm stretching<br />

estoraque nm [Guerrero, Mex] sphalerite<br />

estrangulacidn nf narrowing <strong>of</strong> a vein, etc.<br />

estrangulamiento nm narrowing <strong>of</strong> a vein, etc.<br />

estratificacidn nf stratification, bedding |<br />

bedding cleavage | e. cruzada cross-bedding |<br />

e. diagonal cross-bedding | e. entrecruzada cross-<br />

bedding | e. gradada graded bedding | e.<br />

graduada graded bedding | e. gradual graded<br />

bedding | e. inclinada inclined bedding | e.<br />

indinada inversa backset bedding | e.<br />

intraplegada convolute bedding, slip bedding |<br />

e. lenticular lenticular bedding | e. masiva<br />

massive bedding | e. nodular nodular bedding<br />

| e. ondulada wavy bedding | e. ondulitica<br />

ripple bedding | e. rizada crinkle bedding,<br />

ripple bedding | e. seleccionada sorted bedding<br />

estratificado,-da adj stratified<br />

estratificar vtr to deposit, stratify<br />

estratiforme nm stratiform<br />

estratigrafia nf stratigraphy<br />

estratigrafo,-fa nm/f stratigrapher<br />

estratigrafico,-ca adj stratigraphic<br />

estrato nm stratum, bed, layer | e. anual varve |<br />

e. concordante concordant bed | e. conforme<br />

conformal bed | e. de cobertura cap rock | e.<br />

cruzante crossbed | e. disconcordante discord ant<br />

bed | e. guijoso gravel layer | e. indice key bed<br />

estrechamiento nm thinning or pinching <strong>of</strong> a<br />

vein, etc.<br />

estrecharse vpr to thin or become narrow<br />

estrechez nf narrowness | gap, pass<br />

estrecho nm straight<br />

estrechdnnm narrowness<br />

estrechura nf narrowness | narrows, gap, pass<br />

estrellarse la veto vpr [Pe] to thin out, peter out<br />

(vein), especially by passing into disseminated<br />

ore<br />

estria nf striation, stria | groove | e. glaciar<br />

glacial stria<br />

estriacidn nf striation<br />

estriado,-da adj striate<br />

E-5<br />

estriadura nf striation<br />

estriar vtr to sort ore<br />

estribacidn nf spur | njpl foothills<br />

estringa nf [Me"x] stringer<br />

estroncianito nf strontianite<br />

estroncio nm stroncium<br />

estructura nf structure | texture | e.<br />

almohadillada ball-and-pillow structure, mullion<br />

structure | e. amigdaloide amygdaloidal<br />

structure | e. bandeada banded structure | e.<br />

cataclastica cataclastic structure | e.<br />

concreccionada concretionary structure | e. de<br />

despegue decollement structure | e. de munon<br />

mullion structure | e. en lajas flaggy structure |<br />

e. fluidal fluid structure | e. microscopica<br />

microtexture | e. mom'/i/brmeboudinage | e.<br />

ojival ogive | e. sedimentaria sedimentary<br />

structure<br />

estructural adj structural<br />

estruniano,-na adj Strunian<br />

estruniense nm Strunian<br />

estuarino,-na adj estuarine<br />

estuario nm estuary, inlet<br />

estudio nm study | e. catastral cadastral survey<br />

etopa nf stage<br />

etiqueto nf tag (for samples)<br />

eugeosinclinal nm eugeosyncline<br />

euhedral adj euhedral<br />

euhedrico,-ca adj euhedral<br />

eupelagico,-ca adj eupelagic<br />

europio nm europium<br />

eustosia nf eustasy<br />

eustotismo nm eustasy<br />

eutectico,-ca adj eutectic<br />

euxenico,-ca adj euxenic<br />

evaporacidn nf evaporation<br />

evaporito nf evaporite<br />

evento nm event<br />

evolucidn nf evolution<br />

exactitud nf accuracy<br />

exagonal adj hexagonal<br />

exaracidn nf exaration<br />

excavacidn nf excavation | e. a cielo abierto open<br />

pit | e. de ensayo test pit | | e. en escalones stope<br />

| e. en zanja trench<br />

excavadorod/ burrowing<br />

exento nm free <strong>of</strong> | e. de acidos acid free<br />

exfoliacidn nf exfoliation | cleavage<br />

exfoliar vtr to exfoliate<br />

exhalation nf exhalation<br />

exhalante adj exhalant

---

exhondacion nf overdeepening<br />

exhumacion nf exhumation<br />

exitela nf valentinite<br />

exdgeno,-na adj exogenous<br />

exotermico,-ca adj exothermic<br />

exploracidn nf exploration<br />

explorar vtr to explore<br />

exploratorio,-ria adj exploratory<br />

explosion nf explosion, blast | e. de abanico fan<br />

shooting<br />

explotacidn nf mining, exploitation | e. en<br />

descubierto open-pit mining, stripping, strip<br />

mining | e. par metodo minero oil mining<br />

explotar vtr to mine, exploit, work<br />

extension nf extension | area, areal extent |<br />

range, extent | e. en acres acreage | e.<br />

estratigrafica stratigraphic range<br />

exterior nm exterior, outside | aboveground,<br />

surface at a mine<br />

extinguido,-da adj extinct<br />

extinguir vintr to become extinct<br />

extinto,-ta adj extinct<br />

extraccidn nf extraction, mining, production,<br />

recovery | sampling | e. con reposition<br />

sampling with replacement | e. par gas gas lift<br />

| e. sin reposition sampling without<br />

replacement | e. vigorizada enhanced recovery<br />

extracto nm extract<br />

extraible adj minable<br />

extrusivo,-va adj extrusive<br />

exudacidn nf exudation<br />

eyeccidnwf ejecta, accidental | e. juvenil }uvei\i\<br />

ejecta<br />

ezteri nm bloodstone, a variety <strong>of</strong> jasper<br />

E-6

---

fabrica nf fabric (petrographic) | /. siderurgica<br />

iron works<br />

faceta nf facet (<strong>of</strong> a gem)<br />

facies nfpl facies | /. abisal abyssal facies | /.<br />

continental continental facies | / costera coastal<br />

facies | /. de agua dulce freshwater facies | /.<br />

eolica aeolian facies | /. fluvial fluvial facies | /.<br />

glacial glacial facies | /. lacustre lacustrine facies<br />

| /. litoral coastal facies | /. marina marine<br />

facies | /. metamorficas metamorphic facies | /.<br />

neritica neritic facies | /. sedimentarias<br />

sedimentary fades | def. facieologic,<br />

facieological<br />

facoidal adj lenticular<br />

facolito nm phacolith, phacolite<br />

factor nm factor | /. comun common factor | /. de<br />

contraction shrinkage factor | /. de escurrimiento<br />

[Col] run<strong>of</strong>f coefficient | /. deformacion<br />

formattion resistivity factor | /. de grupo group<br />

factor | /. especifico specific factor | /.<br />

volumetrico formation volume factor<br />

faena nf work, labor, task | workings | [Bol, Pe]<br />

unpaid work (a type <strong>of</strong> corvee) | [Ch] work<br />

gang, shift | /. mineral mine workings<br />

fahlbanda nf fahlband<br />

faja nf belt or zone <strong>of</strong> rock, mineralization, etc |<br />

band <strong>of</strong> mineral in a vein | /. petrolifera<br />

petroleum zone<br />

fajado nm prop (<strong>of</strong> mine timber)<br />

fajeado,-da adj banded<br />

falda nf slope, hillside | wing or leg <strong>of</strong> a saddle<br />

falsificar el mineral vtr to salt (a mine)<br />

falso,-sa adj false | /. matriz pseudo-matrix | /.<br />

pena false bedrock | /. salto false throw <strong>of</strong> a<br />

vein or fault<br />

falla nf fault | /. activa active fault | /. acostada<br />

thrust fault | /. antitetica antithetic fault | / casi<br />

vertical de dezplazamiento horizontal wrench fault<br />

| /. conforme conformable fault (to bedding) | /.<br />

corriente strike fault | /. de altoempuje upthrust<br />

fault | /. de ascenso normal fault | /. de<br />

buzamiento dip fault | /. de cabalgamiento<br />

overlap fault | /. de descenso reverse fault | /. de<br />

desgarre strike-slip fault | /. de despegue<br />

detachment fault | /. de desplazamiento<br />

horizontal strike-slip fault | /. de desplazamiento<br />

oblfcuo oblique-slip fault | /. de direccion strike<br />

fault | /. diagonal inclined fault | /. escalonada<br />

F-l<br />

step fault | /. de estratificacion bedding-plane<br />

fault | /. de gravedad gravity fault, normal fault<br />

| /. directa normal fault | /. distributativa step<br />

fault | /. en escalera step fault | /. escalonada step<br />

fault | /. escarpada [Mex] fualt scarp | /. falsa<br />

pseudo-fault, horse | /. girada pivotal fault | /.<br />

gravitacional normal fault | /. horizontal strike-<br />

slip fault | /. inversa reverse fault | /. inversa de<br />

bajo angulo thrust fault, overthrust ] /. lateral<br />

lateral fault | /. marginal boundary fault | /.<br />

normal normal fault | /. por empuje thrust fault<br />

| / por empuje inferior underthrust fault | /.<br />

ramificada branching fault | /. rumbodeslizante<br />

strike-slip fault | /. segun buzamiento dip-slip<br />

fault | /. simple normal fualt | /. sinsedimentaria<br />

synsedimentary fault | /. transformante<br />

transform fault | /. transcurrente strike slip fault<br />

| /. transversal dip fault<br />

fallado,-da adj faulted<br />

fallamiento nm faulting<br />

fallar vtr to fault<br />

fallo nm [Bol] fault deformation<br />

fameniano,-na adj Famennian<br />

fameniense adj Famennian<br />

fanega nf [Me"x] unit <strong>of</strong> land measure (about 8.8<br />

acres)<br />

fanegada nf unit <strong>of</strong> area equivalent to 576<br />

estadales (about 6600 square meters) | unit <strong>of</strong><br />

capacity <strong>of</strong> 225 to 555 liters<br />

faneritico,-ca adj phaneritic<br />

fanerocristalino,-na adj phaneritic<br />

faneromero,-ra adj phaneritic<br />

fangal nm marsh, bog<br />

fanglomerado nm fanglomerate<br />

fango nm mud, slime, ooze | sludge | [Isla<br />

Carman, Me"x] layer <strong>of</strong> black, earthy salt | /. de<br />

glaciar glacial mud or silt | /. mineral slimes<br />

fangoso,-sa adj muddy, silty<br />

faralldn nm [Bol] wallrock | [Pe] outcrop <strong>of</strong> a<br />

vein<br />

farmacolita nf pharmacolite<br />

farmacosiderita nf pharmacosiderite<br />

fase nm phase<br />

faunico,-ca adj faunal<br />

faunistico,-ca adj faunal<br />

faz nf front, face | /. de laboreo working face<br />

feldespatico,-ca adj feldspathic<br />

feldespato nm feldspar | /. calizo anorthite | /.<br />

de cat anorthite | /. nacarado or opalado adularia<br />

| /. potasico potash feldspar | /. sodico albite | /.<br />

verde claro amazon stone | /. vitreo sanidine

---

feldespatoide nm feldspathoid<br />

felsico,-ca adj felsic<br />

felsitico,-ca adj felsic, felsitic<br />

£emico/-ca adj mafic, femic<br />

fenacita nf phenakite<br />

fenaquita nf phenakite<br />

fenestra nf inlier, window<br />

fenocristal nm phenocryst<br />

fendmeno nm phenomena | /. del carst karst<br />

phenomena | /. tectonico tectonics<br />

ferralitico,-ca adj ferralitic<br />

ferrate nm ferrate<br />

f^rreo,-rea adj ferrous, iron-bearing<br />

ferreria nf iron works<br />

ferrete nm copper sulphate<br />

fe'rrico,-ca adj ferric<br />

ferriferOj-ra adj iron-bearing<br />

ferrito nm ferrite (salt)<br />

ferromagnesiano,-na adj ferromagnesian<br />

ferromagnesico,-ca adj ferromagnesian<br />

ferromagnetico,-ca adj ferromagnetic<br />

ferromagnetismo nm ferromagnetism<br />

ferromanganeso nm ferromanganese<br />

ferrometeorito nm iron meteorite<br />

ferroniquel nm ferronickel<br />

ferroso,-sa adj ferrous<br />

ferrugineo,-nea adj ferruginous, iron-bearing<br />

ferruginoso,-sa adj ferruginous, iron-bearing<br />

flbra nf fiber | vein | [Parral, Mex] stockwork<br />

vein<br />

fibrazdn nm the whole <strong>of</strong> the veins in a deposit<br />

or mine<br />

fibroso,-sa adj fibrous<br />

ficha nf index card, filing card | record<br />

fichar vtr to put on an index card | to file, index<br />

fichero nm card index | records<br />

fidelidad nf accuracy<br />

fierro nm iron<br />

fijo,-ja adj attached | n<strong>of</strong>. unattached<br />

fila nf row<br />

filada nf a variety <strong>of</strong> slate<br />

filamento nm filament<br />

filamentoso,-sa adj filamentous<br />

filiforme adj thread-like<br />

filita nf phyllite<br />

filo nm ridge<br />

filogenia nf phylogeny<br />

fildn nm vein, lode (generally large) |<br />

mineralized seam or bed | gold mine | dike |<br />

gangue | [Me"x] small stringer or intersecting<br />

vein | /. atravesado cross vein | /. brechoide<br />

F-2<br />

breccia vein | /. capa bedded vein | /. ciego<br />

blind lode | /. cldstico clastic dike | /. compuesto<br />

compound vein | /. cuneiforme gash vein | /. de<br />

carbon coal seam or measure | /. de contacto<br />

contact vein | /. de curia gash vein | /. de<br />

diaclasa joint vein | /. de roca dike | /. en escalera<br />

or escalonado stair-step vein | /. en reticulado<br />

stockwork | /. en rosario en echelon vein | /.<br />

estratificado banded vein | /. hidrotermal<br />

hydrothermal vein | /. incllnado rake vein | /.<br />

intrusive igneous dike | /. metalifero or mineral<br />

mineralized vein | /. principal master vein,<br />

mother lode | /. rocoso dike | /. sedimentario<br />

sedimentary vein or dike | /. simple ordinary<br />

vein <strong>of</strong> simple structure | /. sin afloramiento<br />

blind vein | /. sin creston blind vein | /.<br />

transversal cross vein<br />

filoniano,-na adj vein or dike-like<br />

filonita nf phyllite-mylonite<br />

filonitizacidn nf veining<br />

filtracidn nf seep | /. de petrcleo oil seep | /. en<br />

frio cold pressing<br />

filtrado,-da adj filtered | nm filtering<br />

filtradornm filter<br />

filtranteo^/ filtering | porous<br />

filtrar vtr/intr to filter | vpr to filter | to filtrate<br />

filtro nm filter | /. de entrada input filter<br />

fineza nf fineness<br />

finiquito nm quitclaim<br />

fino,-na adj fine | pure<br />

fino nm [Asturias, Sp] screened coal up to 6 mm<br />

in size | nmpl fines<br />

finura nf fineness<br />

fiordo nm fjord, fiord<br />

firme adj surface | fisible | fissile<br />

firnnm firn<br />

fisico,-ca adj physical | nm/nf physicist<br />

fisicoquimico,-ca adj physiochemical | nf<br />

physical chemistry<br />

fisil adj fissile<br />

fisilidad nf fissility<br />

fisidn nf fission<br />

fisionable adj fissionable<br />

fisografia nf physiography<br />

fisura nf fissure<br />

fisuracion nf spalling<br />

fisurarse vpr to crack<br />

fit6geno,-na adj phytogenic<br />

flabeliforme adj fan-shaped<br />

flanco nm flank | limb (<strong>of</strong> a fold) | hillside<br />

flaqueza nf [Pe] shaley structure

---

flecha nf deflection<br />

flexibilidad nf flexibility<br />

flexura nf flexure | flexure folding<br />

filita nf phyllite<br />

fisico,-ca adj physical<br />

flogopita nf phlogopite<br />

flojo,-jaad/ loose<br />

flor nf bloom | /. de antimonio valentinite | /. de<br />

cine hydrozincite | /. de cobalto erythrite | /. de<br />

cobre chalcotrichuite | flor de hierro flos ferri | /.<br />

de niquel annabergite<br />

flotabilidad nf buoyancy<br />

flotation nf flotation | /. diferencial differential<br />

floatation | /. selectiva selective floatation<br />

flourescencia nf flourescence<br />

fluctuacidn nf fluctuation | jitter<br />

fluctuar vintr to fluctuate | to oscillate<br />

fluente adj fluid | flowing<br />

fluidez nf fluidity<br />

fluido,-da adj fluid | nnt fluid<br />

fluir vintr to flow, run<br />

flujo nnt flow, stream | rising tide | flux | /. de<br />

caja cash flow | /. de escombrera debris flow | /.<br />

defango mud flow | /. de lava lava flow | /.<br />

laminar laminar or platy flow | /. magnetico<br />

magnetic flux | /. natural primary drive<br />

mechanism | /. turbulento turbulent flow<br />

fluor nm fluorine | /. espato fluorspar | /. fetido<br />

bituminous feldspar<br />

fluorescencia nf fluorescence<br />

fluorescente adj fluorescent<br />

fluorhidrato nm hydr<strong>of</strong>luoric acid<br />

fluorhidrico,-ca adj hydr<strong>of</strong>luoric<br />

fluorina nf fluorite<br />

fluoruro nm fluoride<br />

fluviomarino,-na adj fluviomarine<br />

foco nm focus | /. sfsmico hypocenter | /.<br />

volcanico volcanic center<br />

foliation nf foliation<br />

foliado,-da adj foliated, foliate | n<strong>of</strong>. unfoliated<br />

foliatura nf foliation<br />

fondo nm background | bottom <strong>of</strong> a mine | /. de<br />

circo | /. de laboreo working face | /. del mar sea<br />

floor | /. del rio riverbed<br />

fonolita nf phonolite | /. leucitica leucite<br />

phonolite | /. nefelinica nepheline phonolite<br />

foraminifero nm foramnifer, foram<br />

forastera nf [Bol] newly discovered vein or mine<br />

forma nf form, mode | /. de presentation mode <strong>of</strong><br />

occurrence | /. enredada stockwork<br />

formacidn nf formation | [Col] clay and other<br />

F-3<br />

material filling open spaces in a lode | /.<br />

productora pay zone | /. c\ue le circundan host<br />

rock<br />

formal adj regular | [M£x] undisturbed<br />

formase vpr to be formed<br />

fdrmico/-ca adj formic<br />

fdrmula nf formula<br />

fosa nf trench | pit | graben | /. marginal trough<br />

| /. oceanica oceanic trench | /. posterior back<br />

deep | /. tectonica graben<br />

fosfatico,-ca adj phosphatic<br />

fosfato nm phosphate<br />

fosfeno nm phosphate<br />

fosfito nm phosphite<br />

fosforado,-da adj phosphorous<br />

fosforecer or fosforescer vtr to phosphoresce<br />

fosforescencia nf phosphorescence<br />

fosforescente adj phosphorescent<br />

fosfdrico,-ca adj phosphoric<br />

fosforita nf phosphorite<br />

fdsforo nm phosphorous<br />

fosforoso,-sa adj phosphorous<br />

fosgenita nf phosgenite<br />

fdsil nm fossil | any mineral or rock | /. guia<br />

index fossil | /. indice index fossil | /. viviente<br />

living fossil<br />

fosilifero,-ra adj fossiliferous<br />

fosilizacidn nf fossilization<br />

fosilizarse vpr to fossilize, become fossilized<br />

foso nm ditch, trench | hole, pit | /. de lodo mud<br />

pit<br />

fdtico,-ca adj photic<br />

fotoclinometro nm photoclinometer<br />

fotogeologfa nf photogeology<br />

fotografia nf photography | /. aerea aerial<br />

photography<br />

fraccidn nf fraction<br />

fractionatidn nf fractionation<br />

fraccionamiento nm fractionation | cracking<br />

fraccionar vtr to crack | to fractionate<br />

fraccionario,-ria adj fractional (math)<br />

fractila nf fractile<br />

fractura nf fracture | /. escalonada step fault | /.<br />

pizarrosa slaty cleavage | /. marginal boundary<br />

fault | /. sencilla or junta joint | /. rellena filled<br />

fracture<br />

fracturar vtr/pr to fracture, break<br />

fracturacidn nf fracturation<br />

fracturamiento nm fracturing | /. intense intense<br />

fracturing<br />

fragmentation nf fragmentation

---

fragmentar vtr to fragment<br />

fragamento nm fragment<br />

fragil adj brittle<br />

fragilidad nf brittleness<br />

frailesca nf [ Almaden, Sp] lenticular breccia<br />

masses found in schist<br />

francio nm francium<br />

franja nf fringe | belt | /. capilar capillary fringe<br />

| /. de sedimentos mud belt<br />

franjilla nf [Hualgayoc, Pe] argentiferous galena<br />

with stibrdte<br />

frasco nm flask (unit <strong>of</strong> measure for mercury)<br />

frasniano,-na adj Frasnian<br />

Frasniense nm Frasnian<br />

freatico,-ca adj phreatic, subsurface<br />

frecuencia nf frequency | /. acumulada<br />

cumulative frequency<br />

freita n/[Santander, Sp] active landslide<br />

frente nm front | face, heading | /. de colina<br />

brow <strong>of</strong> a hill | /. de pliegue facing<br />

frentero nm miner employed at the working<br />

face <strong>of</strong> a mine<br />

friabilidad adj friability<br />

friccidn nf friction<br />

frigoria nf kilocalorie<br />

frijolillo nm [Guanajuato, Me"x] conglomerate<br />

frisol nm [Col] kidney-bean shapped cobble<br />

found in washing auriferous gravels<br />

fritamiento nm chilling effect<br />

frontdnnm cliff (coastal) | pediment | working<br />

face (mines)<br />

fruta de mono nf gold pan made from the shell<br />

<strong>of</strong> a fruta de mono<br />

fruto nm ore | yield or product | enfrutos in<br />

ore, carrying ore<br />

fucsita nf fuchsite<br />

fuchsita nf fuchsite<br />

fucoide nm fucoid<br />

fuente nm spring or source | /. alcalina alkaline<br />

spring | /. artesiana artesian spring | /.<br />

ascendente artesian spring | /. burga boiling<br />

F-4<br />

spring | /. caliente hot spring (50°C) | /. perenne \ f. periodica intermittent<br />

spring | /. salina salt spring | /. sulfurosa sulfur<br />

spring j /. termal thermal spring (20-50°C)<br />

fuerza nf force | power | /. de una prueba power<br />

<strong>of</strong> a (statistical) test<br />

fugacidad nf fugacity<br />

fumarola nf fumerole<br />

funcidn nf function | /. aculmulata cumulative<br />

function | /. caractertstica characteristic function<br />

| /. de decision decision function | /. de densidad<br />

density function | /. de versimilitud likelihood<br />

function | /. generatriz generating function | /.<br />

periodica periodic function<br />

fundente adj melting | nm flux<br />

fundible adj fusible, easily melted<br />

fundicidn nf smelting | casting | fusion |<br />

melting | foundry, smelting works<br />

fundido,-da adj melted, fused<br />

fundidornm smelter<br />

fundir vtr to melt, smelt <strong>of</strong> cast metal | to fuse<br />

| vpr to melt<br />

fundirse vpr to fuse, melt<br />

fuque nm [Mex] deepest point <strong>of</strong> an excavation<br />

furo nm channel<br />

fusalina nf smelting works<br />

fusibilidad nf fusibility<br />

fusidn nf fusion, melting | /. residual residual<br />

melt<br />

fusionar vtr [Arg] to fuse, melt<br />

fuslina nf [Arg, Sp] smelter<br />

fusulina nf fusulinid

---

gabarro nm xenolith | nodular fragment <strong>of</strong> rock<br />

or ore<br />

ga"brico,-ca adj gabbroic<br />

gabro nm gabbro<br />

gadolino nm gadolinium<br />

galactita nf fuller's earth<br />

gal£pago nm pig <strong>of</strong> copper, lead or tin<br />

galemador nm furnace for roasting silver ores<br />

galemar vtr to roast silver ores<br />

galeme nm [Mex] a reverberatory furnace <strong>of</strong> 1 to<br />

3 arrobas capacity<br />

galenita nf galena<br />

galera nf an irregularly shaped ore deposit |<br />

furnace for distilling sulphur<br />

galena nf gallery | g. cdrstica karst cave<br />

galerdn nm an irregular deposit <strong>of</strong> large size<br />

galga nf boulder<br />

galmeita nf carbonates and silicates <strong>of</strong> zinc<br />

galleta n/[Asturias, Sp] screened coal (20-50<br />

mm)<br />

gallinazo nm [Titiribi, Col] sphalerite<br />

gallo nm [Me"x] rich ore with needles or grains<br />

<strong>of</strong> gold and silver | a lump <strong>of</strong> native metal,<br />

nugget<br />

gambusino nm prospector | [Mex] itinerant<br />

miner who high-grades a deposit and then<br />

moves on to another<br />

gamella nf gold pan<br />

gammagrafia nf gamma ray log<br />

ga*ndara nf low wasteland<br />

ganchudo,-da adj hackly<br />

gandinga nf fine ore | nfpl concentrates<br />

gang nm dike | vein<br />

ganga nf gangue | g. cuarzosa vein quartz<br />

ganita nf gahnite<br />

garbancillo nm [Sp] fine gravel<br />

garbillar vtr to screen (minerals)<br />

garbillo nm screen<br />

garganta nf gorge<br />

gas nm natural gas | gasoline | g. acido sour gas<br />

| g. asociado associated gas | g. condensado gas<br />

condensate | g. crudo raw gas | g. de petroleo<br />

\ic\uado liquified petroleum gas | g. de pozo de<br />

petroleo bradenhead gas | g. disuelto solution<br />

gas | g. grisu methane | g. humedo condensate<br />

rich gas, wet gas | g. juvenil juvenile gas | g.<br />

Wore unassociated gas | g. licuado condensate |<br />

g. natural natural gas | g. no asociado<br />

G-l<br />

nonassociated gas | g. pobre lean gas, producer<br />

gas | g. seco dry gas<br />

gasificacidn nf gasification<br />

gasiflcar vtr to gasify<br />

gasoducto nm gas pipeline<br />

gasdleo nm diesel oil, gas oil<br />

gasolina nf gasoline<br />

gastable adj erodible<br />

gastar vtr to wear away, erode<br />

gasterdpodo nm gastropod<br />

gasto nm volume <strong>of</strong> flow, discharge | g. de<br />

derrame run<strong>of</strong>f rate | g. solido bed load<br />

gastos nmpl charges, expenses, costs | g. de<br />

desarollo development costs | g. defundicion<br />

smelting charges<br />

gausio nm gauss<br />

gaveta nf [PR] gold pan<br />

gaylussita nf gaylussite<br />

gedinniano,-na adj Gedinnian<br />

gedinniense nm Gedinnian<br />

geiser nm geyser<br />

geiserita nf geyserite<br />

gelatinoso,-sa adj colloid, gelatinous<br />

gelificarse vpr to gel<br />

gelifraccidn nf congelifraction<br />

gelisol nm frozen ground<br />

gelivacidn nf congelifraction<br />

geloide nm firn ice<br />

gema nf gem, precious stone<br />

geminacidn nf twinning<br />

gemmologia nf gemmology<br />

gemmoscopio nm binocular microscope<br />

genero nm genus (pi genera)<br />

genetico,-ca adj genetic<br />

genotipo nm genotype<br />

geoanticlinal nm geoanticline, geanticline<br />

geociencia nf geoscience, earth science<br />

geocratico,-ca adj epeirocratic<br />

geocronita nf geochronite<br />

geocronologia nf geochronology<br />

geocrono!6gico,-ca adj geochronological<br />

geoda nf geode<br />

geodepresion nf geodepression<br />

geodesia nf geodesy<br />

geodesico,-ca adj geodesic, geodetic | nf<br />

geodesy, geodetics<br />

geodesta nm geodesist<br />

geod£tico,-ca adj geodetic<br />

geodinamico,-ca adj geodynamic | nf<br />

geodynamics<br />

ge<strong>of</strong>isico,-ca adj geophysical | nf geophysics |

---

ntn/f geophysicist | g. aplicado applied<br />

geophysiscist<br />

gedfono nm geophone<br />

geognosia nf geology<br />

geohidrologia nf geohydrology<br />

geoide nm geoid<br />

geoisoterma nf geoisotherm<br />

geologia nf geology | g. aplicada applied<br />

geology | g. aplicada a la ingeneria engineering<br />

geology | g. de minus mine geology | g. del<br />

petroleo petroleum geology | g. dinamica<br />

dynamic geology | g. economica economic<br />

geology | g. estructural structural geology | g.<br />

fisica physical geology | g. general general<br />

geology | g. historica historical geology | g.<br />

marina marine geology<br />

geo!6gico,-ca adj geological<br />

ge61ogo,-ga nm/f geologist<br />

geomagn6tico,-ca adj geomagnetic | nf<br />

geomagnetics<br />

geomagnetismo nm geomagnetism<br />

geomorfologfa nf geomorphology<br />

geoquimico,-ca adj geochemical | nm or/<br />

geochemist | nf geochemistry<br />

georgiano,-na adj Georgian<br />

Georgiense nm Georgian<br />

geosinclinal adj geosynclinal | nm geosyncline,<br />

geosynclinal<br />

geosutura nf geosuture<br />

geotectonico,-ca adj tectonic | nf geotectonics<br />

geotermico,-ca adj geothermal | nf geothermics<br />

germanotipico,-ca adj Germanotype<br />

gersdorfita nf gersdorffite<br />

giba nf hump (rundhocker)<br />

gibsita nf gibbsite<br />

gigante nm monitor, giant (used in hydraulic<br />

mining <strong>of</strong> placers)<br />

giobertita nf magnesite<br />

girasol nm fire opal<br />

givetiano,-na adj Givetian<br />

givetiense adj Givetian<br />

glaciacion nf glaciation | g. final latest (Wiirm)<br />

glaciation | g. local local glaciation<br />

glaciar adj glacial | nm glacier | g. active active<br />

glacier | g. alpino alpine or mountain glacier |<br />

g. colgante hanging glaciar | g. continental<br />

continental glacier | g. de circo cirque glaciar |<br />

g. de montana alpine or mountain glacier | g. de<br />

plateau plateau glaciar | g. de roca rock glacier |<br />

g. de valle alpine or valley glacier | g. fluyente<br />

active or flowing glacier | g. groenlandes<br />

G-2<br />

continental glacier | g. rocoso rock glaciar<br />

glaciario,-ria adj glacial<br />

glaciarismo nm glaciology<br />

glacioeolico,-ca adj glacio-eolitic<br />

glaciologia nf glaciology<br />

glaucodot nm glaucophane<br />

glauc<strong>of</strong>ana nf glaucophane<br />

glauconia nf glauconite<br />

glauconitico,-ca adj glauconitic<br />

glauconitizacidn nf glauconitization<br />

gleba nf [Alicante, Sp] thin layer <strong>of</strong> precipitated<br />

salt | g. tectonica fault block<br />

gliptogenesis nf glyptogenesis<br />

globo nm globe, sphere<br />

globulito nm microlite<br />

gldbulo nm globule<br />

globuloso,-sa adj globular<br />

gmelita nf gmelinite<br />

gneis nm gneiss<br />

gneisico,-ca adj gneissic<br />

gneisoide adj gneissoid<br />

geotita nf goethite<br />

golfo nm gulf<br />

goma nf glue | g. ardbiga gum arabic | g. de<br />

tragacanto gum tragacanth<br />

gonidgrafo nm [Sp] plane table<br />

goniometro nm goniometer<br />

gongora nf [Col] cavity or vug in a lode<br />

gongorado,-da adj vuggy<br />

gotera nf precipitate | g. calcdrea calcareos sinter<br />

gotlandiense adj Silurian<br />

grada nf stope j g. al reves overhand stope | g.<br />

abierta open stope | g. de relleno filled stope | g.<br />

derecha underhand stope | g. ramal branch<br />

stope<br />

gradiente nm gradient | g. adiobatico adiobatic<br />

gradient | g. hidrdulico hydraulic gradient | g.<br />

geotermico geothermal gradient | g. gravimetrico<br />

gravitational gradient | g. termico thermal<br />

gradient<br />

grado nm degree | gradient | g. de libertad<br />

degrees <strong>of</strong> freedom | g. geotermico geothermal<br />

gradient<br />

graficadorwra plotter<br />

grafico,-ca adj graphic | nf graphics | graph,<br />

chart | nm graph, chart<br />

grafitico,-ca adj graphitic<br />

grafito nm graphite | g. natural natural graphite<br />

grafitoso,-sa adj [Vz] graphitic<br />

gramo nm gram<br />

granada nf garnet

---

granalla nf small grains <strong>of</strong> metal, generally gold<br />

granate adj garnet (color) | nf garnet |<br />

[Guadalcazar, Mex] crystalline cinnabar | g.<br />

almandino almandinite<br />

granatffero,-ra adj garnetiferous, garnet-bearing<br />

grancilla n/[Sevilla, Sp] screened coal (15-30<br />

mm) | [Asturias, Sp] screened coal (5-12 mm)<br />

granip

---

grosularita nf grossularite<br />

grueso,-sa adj thick | coarse | hard (water)<br />

grueso nm thickness <strong>of</strong> a bed, vein, etc. |<br />

[Sevilla, Sp] large coal (600mm in size) |<br />

[Arnao, Sp] coal up to 7 cm in size<br />

grupo nm group | cluster | g. de volcanes<br />

volcanic cluster<br />

gruta nf cave, grotto, cavern<br />

guache nm [Col] a layer between pay-dirt and<br />

overburden <strong>of</strong> low-grade in placers | loose<br />

stones derived from bedrock <strong>of</strong> a placer<br />

guadaloso/-sa adj swampy<br />

guaico nm [Col] excavation <strong>of</strong> indiginous origin<br />

guaira nf [Bol, Pe] a small, clay windblown<br />

smelting furnace used by Indians to refine<br />

high-grade silver ores<br />

gualda nf [Pe] chalcopyrite | [Chacas, Pe]<br />

bornite<br />

gualdado,-da adj yellow<br />

gualdo,-da adj yellow<br />

guanero,-ra adj guano<br />

guaracu nm [Col] basalt, diorite, or greenstone<br />

G-4<br />

guaraturo nm [Vz] flint | quartz<br />

giiedal nm [Inguaran, Mex] copper skarn<br />

deposit<br />

guia nf highest grade part <strong>of</strong> an orebody | [Ch]<br />

small, lateral veins | [Pe] veinlet in a<br />

stockwork | g. mejicana small earthenware<br />

plate in which amalgam was tested during the<br />

patio process <strong>of</strong> amalgamation <strong>of</strong> silver ores<br />

guija nf pebble, gravel, cobble | matrix, gangue<br />

| [Mex] milky or bull quartz | [Batopilas,<br />

Mex] calcite | g. de oro [Guanajuato, Me"x] gold-<br />

bearing quartz<br />

guijarra nf stony place<br />

guijarro nm cobble, pebble, stone<br />

guijarroso,-sa adj stony, pebbly<br />

guijo nm gravel<br />

guijole nm [Durango, Mex] wood tin found in<br />

rhyolite, generally kidney shaped<br />

guijoso,-sa adj pebbly, gravelly<br />

guinche nm winch | hoist<br />

guinar vtr to change direction, as for a vein, etc.<br />

guiris nm mining expert

---

H<br />

haba nf nodule | nodular (bean-like) piece <strong>of</strong><br />

ore encased in gangue<br />

habilitacidn nf outfit, equipment; fitting out<br />

habilitar vtr to equip, fit out<br />

ha'bito nm habit<br />

hacer vtr to make | h. la ceja [Col] to recover<br />

gold from a gold pan | h. mina to make a mine,<br />

that is, be pr<strong>of</strong>itable to work | h. tierras [Mex]<br />

to work a placer<br />

hacienda nf smelting or reduction works | h. de<br />

beneficio amalgamation works | h. de<br />

cianuracion cyanide plant | h. defundicion<br />

smelting works | h. de maquila custom mill<br />

halmir

---

hidrato nm hydrate<br />

hidrocarburo nm hydrocarbon<br />

hidrocincita nf hydrozincite<br />

hidrocloruro nm hydrogen chloride<br />

hidrocraqueo nm hydrocracking<br />

hidrodinamico,-ca adj hydrodynamic<br />

hidrogeno nm hydrogen | h. pesado deuterium |<br />

h. sulfurado hydrogen sulfide<br />

hidrogeologia nf hydrogeology<br />

hidrografia nf hydrography<br />

hidrolacolito nm pingo<br />

hidrolisis nf hydrolysis<br />

hidrolita nf hydrolith<br />

hidrologia nf hydrology | h. de aguas<br />

subterraneas groundwater hydrology<br />

hidrologo nm hydrologist<br />

hidromuscovita nf illite<br />

hidrdsfera nf hydrosphere<br />

hidrosilicato nm hydrosilicate<br />

hidrosta"tico,-ca adj hydrostatic<br />

hidrotermal adj hydrothermal<br />

hidrotermico,-ca adj hydrothermal<br />

hidroxido nm hydroxide<br />

hielo nm ice | n. de glaciar glacial ice<br />

hierro nm iron | iron ore | [Me"x] low grade<br />

silver ore <strong>of</strong> 20 to 35 ounce per ton | h. acicular<br />

goethite | n. arcilloso clayey ironstone | n.<br />

arsenical arsenopyrite | h. azul vivianite | n.<br />

blanco arsenopyrite | h, brillante specularite | n.<br />

cromado chromite | h. de pradera bog iron ore |<br />

h. de (los) pantanos bog iron ore | h. de (los)<br />

prados bog iron ore | h. de los estanques bog iron<br />

ore | h. espatico siderite | h. especular<br />

specularite | h. espejado specularite | h. espinela<br />

hercynite | h. fangoso bog iron ore | h, lintoso<br />

bog iron ore | h. magnetico magnetite | h.<br />

magnetifero [Cartagena, Sp] ore carrying 33%<br />

metallic iron | h. meteorico iron from a meteor |<br />

h. nativo native iron | h. oligisto hematite | h.<br />

pantanoso bog iron ore | h. pardo limonite | h.<br />

rojo hematite | h. seco [Cartagena, Sp] ore<br />

carrying 50% or better metallic iron | h.<br />

titanado ilmenite | h viejo scrap iron | [Pe] iron<br />

oxide-rich silver ore<br />

higado nm [Pe] gold-bearing iron oxide | a<br />

lenticular deposit <strong>of</strong> gold<br />

hijuela nf small thread <strong>of</strong> ore or mineral<br />

hilo nm small vein or thread <strong>of</strong> ore in a vein | h.<br />

alto small vein coming out <strong>of</strong> the hanging wall<br />

| h. bajo small veins going into the footwall | h.<br />

de cajon vertical vein | h. de la veta strike <strong>of</strong> a<br />

H-2<br />

vein | h. del criadero strike or direction <strong>of</strong> a<br />

deposit | h. del desposorio [Villalpando, Mex]<br />

small veins <strong>of</strong> gold-bearing clay | ah. de veta<br />

along strike <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

hinchado,-da adj swollen<br />

hincharse vpr to swell, as for clays<br />

hinchazdn nm increase in volume <strong>of</strong> rock<br />

extracted from a mine due to breakage<br />

hiperstena nf hypersthene<br />

hipidiomorfo,-fa adj hypidiomorphic<br />

hipocentro nm hypocenter<br />

hipocristalino,-na adj hypocrystalline<br />

hipogenico,-ca adj hypogene<br />

hipolimnico,-ca adj hypolimnetic<br />

hipomagma nf hypomagma<br />

hipdtesis nf hypothesis | h. altemativa<br />

alternative hypothesis | h. compuesta<br />

compound hypothesis | h. nula null hypothesis<br />

| h. simple simple hypothesis<br />

histograma nm histogram<br />

historia nf history | h. de la tierra earth's history<br />

hito nm survey monument | h. de limite<br />

boundary monument<br />

hocino nm narrows, canyon, gorge<br />

hojfmanita nf h<strong>of</strong>mannite<br />

hogar nm hearth | h. escoriador slag hearth | de<br />

h. abierto open hearth<br />

hoja nm slab or sheet (<strong>of</strong> metal) | nappe | h. de<br />

arrastre nappe | n. de libra [Guanajuato, Me"x]<br />

ampelite | h. de papel finely laminated clay,<br />

slate or talc | h. de pizarra slab <strong>of</strong> slate<br />

hojoso,-sa adj laminated<br />

holmio nm holmium<br />

holocenico,-ca adj Holocene<br />

holoceno,-na adj Holocene | nm Holocene<br />

holocristalino,-na adj holocrystalline<br />

holoedro nm holohedron<br />

holocarstnm holokarst<br />

holotipo nm holotype<br />

homeoblastico,-ca adj homeoblastic<br />

homoclinal nm homocline<br />

homogeneidad nf homogeneity<br />

homogeneo,-nea adj homogenous<br />

homoscedasticidad nf homoscedasticity<br />

homotaxico,-ca adj homotaxial<br />

hondo,-da adj deep | low, low-lying (land) | nm<br />

bottom | depth<br />

hondonada nf trough, depression | hollow, dip,<br />

ravine | h. carstica karst depression<br />

hondura nf depth | [Col] large pothole in<br />

bedrock <strong>of</strong> a placer

---

horizonte nm bed, layer, stratum | seam |<br />

horizon | h. del suelo soil horizon | h. guia<br />

datum | h. petrolifero oil-bearing formation<br />

hornablenda nf hornblende | h. esquistosa<br />

hornblende schist<br />

hornable*ndico,-ca adj hornblende<br />

hornablendeifero,-ra adj hornblende-bearing<br />

hornacho nm excavation<br />

hornada nf [met] a melt<br />

hornaguear vtr to work or extract hard coal<br />

hornaguera nf hard coal | h apizarrada slate coal<br />

| terreno de h. coal measures<br />

hornagueror-ra adj bearing hard coal<br />

hornaza nf small furnace<br />

hornfelsa nf hornfels<br />

hornfelsitico,-ca adj hornfelsic<br />

homillo nm small furnace<br />

homo nm kiln | furnace | h. de cal lime kiln | h.<br />

de ensayar assay furnace | h. defoso pit furnace<br />

| h. defundicion smelting furnace | [Mex] blast<br />

furnace | h. de reverbero reverberatory furnace<br />

horrura nf scoria, dross<br />

horsteno nm chert<br />

hoya nf any deep excavation | pit, ditch, hole |<br />

basin, trough | sink | pothole in a river bed |<br />

valley, dale | [Pe] river bed | h. de drenaje<br />

watershed | h. de explosion shot hole | h. glacial<br />

kettle hole<br />

hoyada nf depression, hollow, dip<br />

hoyar vtr to dig holes in, make holes<br />

hoyo nm hole, pit | h. de disparo shot hole<br />

hoz nf gorge, ravine<br />

huachaca n/[Cerro de Pasco, Pe] ore paid to<br />

workers or lessors<br />

huaico nm [Arg, Pe] debris flow, mud flow<br />

huaillaripear vtr [Pe] to steal ore | to extract<br />

gold from tailings by means <strong>of</strong> running water<br />

and sheepskins<br />

huairona nf [Pe] lime kiln<br />

huairuna nf [Pe] small, earthen retort used to<br />

recover mercury from amalgam<br />

huambi nm [Pe] realgar<br />

huarina nf [Potosi, Bol] member <strong>of</strong> a cuadrillo or<br />

gang <strong>of</strong> weekend Creole miners who worked the<br />

mines for their own benefit from Saturday<br />

night to Monday morning and on feast days<br />

H-3<br />

huayre nm [Potosi, Bol] clay reduction furnace<br />

once used by Indians<br />

huecarrera nf cavern filled with ore in the form<br />

<strong>of</strong> stalagmites and stalagtites<br />

hueco,-caod/ hollow | loose | nm vug<br />

huellanf track, trace | [Mex] trace <strong>of</strong> gold<br />

recovered in assaying | h. defision fission track<br />

hueso nm [Ch] yellowish, compact sodium<br />

nitrate<br />

huevo nm [Col] belly or swollen piece <strong>of</strong> ore in<br />

a beaded vein | large boulder in alluvium or<br />

soil<br />

huincha nf [Bol, Ch] measuring tape<br />

huinche nm winch<br />

huincho nm [Pe] magnetite | hematite<br />

hulla nf black bituminous coal | h. apizarrada<br />

slate coal | h. blanca white coal | h. brillante<br />

anthracite | h. cannel cannel coal | h. de llama<br />

bituminous coal | h. grasa s<strong>of</strong>t coal | h. magra<br />

non-coking anthracite | h. para gas gas coal | h.<br />

picaforme jet | h. seca coking coal<br />

hullero,-ra adj coal | nf coal mine | coal bed |<br />

nm coal miner<br />

hullifero,-ra adj coal-bearing<br />

hullita nf anthracite<br />

humedecer vtr to moisten, humidify<br />

humedad nf humidity | h. de canter a quarry<br />

water | h. del suelo soil moisture<br />

hiimedo,-da adj humid, wet, damp<br />

humilde metal nm [Pe] silver ore that readily<br />

amalgamates<br />

humita nf humite<br />

humo nm smoke | los humos [Cerro de Pasco,<br />

Pe] 'the smoke 1, a controversy brought about<br />

by the installation <strong>of</strong> a copper smelter without<br />

even so much as a bag house for pollution<br />

control<br />

humor nm [BC, Mex] trace<br />

hundido,-da adj caved | nm dip<br />

hundimiento nm subsidence | caving | dip <strong>of</strong> a<br />

bed | pitch <strong>of</strong> a fold axis | h. en caldero caldron<br />

subsidence<br />

hundirse vpr to dip | to subside | to cave<br />

huroniano,-na adj Huronian

---

iacotinga nf [Br] quartz-hematite-gold ore<br />

icenenseotif; Icenian | nm Icenian<br />

icosaedro nm icosahedron<br />

icositetraedro nm icositetrahedron<br />

ida y vuelta nf round trip (in drilling)<br />

idiobldsticOs-ca adj idioblastic<br />

idiocroma'tico/-ca adj idiochromatic<br />

idi6geno,-na adj syngenetic<br />

idiomorfo/-fa adj idiomorphic<br />

idocrasa nf vesuvianite, idocrase<br />

igarapes nmpl branches <strong>of</strong> a river<br />

igneo/-nea adj igneous<br />

ignifugo,-ga adj refractory<br />

Igualadense nm Igualadian<br />

ilita nf illite<br />

iluminacidn nf illumination<br />

iluvial adj illuvial<br />

imagen nf image<br />

imdn nm magnet, loadstone | magnetite<br />

imanacidn nf magnetization<br />

imanar or imantar vtr to magnetize | vpr to<br />

become magnetized<br />

imantacion nf magnetization<br />

imbibicion nf imbibition, absorption<br />

imbricacidn nf imbrication, overlapping<br />

imbrkado,-da adj imbricated, imbricate,<br />

overlapping<br />

imbricar vtr to imbricate, overlap<br />

imma nf red ocher<br />

impaccidn nf impact<br />

impacto nm impact<br />

impar adj odd, uneven | nm odd number<br />

impedancia nf impedance | i. acustica acoustic<br />

impedence<br />

impederreventones nmpl [Vz] blowout<br />

preventer (on a drill rig)<br />

impermeabilidad nf impermeability<br />

impermeable adj impermeable | impervious<br />

impregnacidn nf impregnation<br />

impregnado,-da adj impregnated<br />

impregnar vtr to impregnate | vpr to become<br />

impregnated<br />

impresion nf impression, imprint<br />

impronta nf impression, imprint, cast, mark<br />

impuesto nm tax | i. de production severance tax<br />

impulsar vtr to drive<br />

impulsidn nf natural drive mechanism for oil<br />

and gas pools | i. por agua water drive | i. par<br />

1-1<br />

cascjuete degas gas cap drive | i. por gas disuelto<br />

solution gas drive | i por gravedad gravity<br />

drive<br />

impulse nm impusle<br />

impureza nf impurity<br />

impurificado,-da adj impure, contaminated<br />

impurificar vtr to contaminate<br />

impuro,-ra adj impure<br />

inagotable adj inexhaustible<br />

inanga nf a gray nephrite<br />

inarm6nico/-ca adj disharmonic, inharmonic<br />

incarbonizacidn nf coalification<br />

inciso,-sa adj incised<br />

inclinacion nf declivity, slope | gradient | [Arg,<br />

Ch] dip | i. magnetica magnetic dip | sin i.<br />

aclinic<br />

inclinado,-da adj inclined<br />

inclinarse vpr to dip | to slope, rake<br />

inclinometro nm dipmeter | clinometer,<br />

inclinometer<br />

incluido,-da adj imbedded, included<br />

inclusidn nf inclusion | i. anexa cognate<br />

inclusion | i de escoria salg inclusion | i.<br />

exogena xenolith | i. fluida fluid inclusion | ;'.<br />

gaseosa gas inclusion | i. negativa negative<br />

crystal | i. solida solid inclusion<br />

incoherente adj incoherent, unconsolidated<br />

incoloro,-ra adj colorless<br />

incolumita nf flexible sandstone<br />

incompetente adj incompetent<br />

incongruente adj incongruent, incongruous<br />

inconsecuente adj inconsequent<br />

inconsistente adj unstable, loose, uncompacted<br />

incorporation nf incorporation (coalification)<br />

increcidn nf incretion<br />

incremento nm increment, recharge<br />

incrustacion nf incrustation, inlay | scale<br />

incrustado,-da adj incrusted, incrustate |<br />

embedded<br />

incrustante adj incrusting, scale-forming | nm<br />

incrustant<br />

incrustar vtr to incrust, inlay | vpr to embed<br />

itself<br />

incurrente adj incurrent, influent<br />

independencia nf independence | i. en<br />

probabilidad indepenence in probability<br />

indicacidn nf indication, generally favorable for<br />

ore<br />

indicador nm radioactive tracer | i. de<br />

deformacion strain gauge | i. de desviacion drift<br />

indicator | i. de pH pH meter | i. de pr<strong>of</strong>undidad

---

depth meter<br />

indicatriz nf indicatrix<br />

mdice nm index | i. ca.lco-alca.lino alkali-lime<br />

index | t. de dureza hardness number | i, de<br />

escurrimiento run<strong>of</strong>f coefficient | i. de<br />

hinchamiento swelling index | i. de mareafosil<br />

index fossil | i. de petroleo show <strong>of</strong> oil | i. de<br />

Prandtl Prandtl number | i. de productividad<br />

productivity index (crude oil) | i. de refraccion<br />

index <strong>of</strong> refraction | f. de Reynold Reynold's<br />

number | i. K K index<br />

indicios nmpl traces, indications<br />

indigacidn nf search | examination<br />

indigo adj/nm indigo | i. de cobre covellite<br />

indigolita nf indicolite<br />

indio nm indium | i. de faltriquera Indian who<br />

avoided the mita by means <strong>of</strong> a fee paid to his<br />

employer<br />

indisolubilidad nf indisolubility<br />

indistinto,-ta adj indistinct<br />

indos nmpl [Vz] invert<br />

induction nf induction | inference | i. estadistica<br />

statistical inference<br />

inducido,-da adj induced<br />

inducidor,-dora adj inducing<br />

| nm inducer<br />

inducir vtr to induce<br />

inductancia nf inductance<br />

inductivo,-va adj inductive<br />

inductor,-ora adj inducing | nm inductor | i. de<br />

tierra earth inductor<br />

induracion nf induration<br />

indurar vtr to indurate<br />

indurado,-da adj indurated<br />

industria nf industry | i. extractiva mining<br />

industry | i. minera mining industry | i.<br />

petrolera petroleum industry<br />

inerte adj inert | nmpl aggregates<br />

inestable adj unstable<br />

inestabilidad nf instability<br />

inexacto,-ta adj inaccurate<br />

inexplotable adj unexploitable<br />

inexplotado,-da adj unexploited<br />

inexplorado,-da adj unexplored<br />

infeccionar vtr [Pe] to contaminate, pollute<br />

infecundo,-da adj barren <strong>of</strong> ore, sterile<br />

inferior adj lower | inferior<br />

infiltracion nf infiltration<br />

infiltrar vtr to infiltrate<br />

infiltrarse en vpr to infiltrate into<br />

inflacion nf tumescence | inflation<br />

1-2<br />

inflado,-da adj inflated<br />

inflexion nf inflection<br />

influjo nm inflow | flood tide<br />

informador nm oil scout<br />

Infracambrico nm Infracambrian<br />

infraglacial adj subglacial<br />

inframargenal adj inframarginal<br />

infrapuesto,-ta adj underlying<br />

mfrarrojo,-ja adj infrared | nm infrared<br />

infrayacente adj underlying<br />

infundible adj infusible<br />

mfusorio,-ria adj infusorial<br />

infusoriolita nf diatomaceous earth<br />

ingenieria nf engineering | e. minera mining<br />

engineering | e. petrolera petroleum<br />

engineering<br />

ingeniero nm engineer | i. de lodos mud<br />

engineer | i de minus mining engineer | i. de<br />

nivel [Ec] levelman | i. minero mining engineer<br />

| i. petrolero petroleum engineer<br />

ingenio nm mill, usually consisting <strong>of</strong> two<br />

stamps | smelting works | sluice<br />

ingresion nf ingression<br />

ingreso nm entrance | nmpl earnings, revenues<br />

inhalante adj incurrent<br />

inhomogeneidad nf inhomogeneity<br />

inmadurez nf immaturity<br />

inmaduro,-ra adj immature<br />

inmersion nf immersion<br />

inmerso,-sa adj immersed<br />

inmiscibilidad nf immiscibility<br />

inmiscible adj immiscible<br />

inorganico,-ca adj inorganic<br />

inosilicato nm inosilicate<br />

inquilinato nm leasehold<br />

insecuente adj insequent<br />

msito,-ta adj in situ<br />

insolito nm insolith<br />

insolubilidad nf insolubility<br />

insula nf island<br />

insularidad nf insulosity<br />

intensidad nf intensity<br />

interarrecife nm interreef<br />

intercalation nf intercalation | inset | i. en forma<br />

lenticular interlensing<br />

intercalado,-da adj intercalated, interjacent | nm<br />

intercalate<br />

intercalar vtr to intercalate<br />

intercapa nf interbed<br />

intercarga nf interburden<br />

interclusidn nf intercalation

---

intercorriente adj inters tream<br />

intercrecimiento nm intergrowth<br />

intercuenca nf interbasin<br />

intercumulo nm intercumulus<br />

interdigitacidn nf intertounging, interfingering<br />

interdigitado,-da adj intertounged,<br />

interfingered<br />

interduna nf interdune<br />

interestratificacidn nf interbedding<br />

interestratificado,-da adj interbedded<br />

interestratiflcar vtr to interbed<br />

interfaz nf interface<br />

interferencia nf interference<br />

interfluvio nm interfluve<br />

interlacustre adj interlacustrine<br />

interlobulado,-da adj interlobate<br />

intermedio,-dia adj intermediate<br />

intermitente adj intermittent<br />

interno,-na adj inner, interior | internal<br />

interparticula nf interparticle<br />

interplegamiento nm interfolding<br />

interpolacidn nf interpolation<br />

interpolar vtr to interpolate<br />

interprecipitado nm interprecipitate<br />

interseccidn nf [math] intercept<br />

intersticio nm interstice<br />

intervale nm interval | i. de aceptadon<br />

acceptance interval or region | /'. de close class<br />

interval | i. de confianza confidence interval | i.<br />

de erosion erosional interval | i. de rechaza<br />

rejection interval or region | i. intercuartilar<br />

interquartile interval<br />

interyacente adj interbedded<br />

intradelta nf delta plain<br />

intrafiloniano,-na adj between veins<br />

intraformacional adj intraformational<br />

intratelurico,-ca adj intratelluric<br />

intruido,-da adj intrusive<br />

intruir vtr to intrude<br />

intrusivor-va adj intrusive | nf intrusive<br />

intumescencia nf intumescence, swelling<br />

inundable adj easily flooded<br />

immdacidn nf flood | flooding<br />

inundado,-da adj flooded, inundated<br />

inundar vtr to flood, inundate<br />

inverso,-sa adj inverted, inverse<br />

invertido,-da adj inverted | nm invert<br />

invertimiento nm [Pe] discharge, outfall<br />

invertir vtr to invert | to plunge (transit) | to<br />

revert | to invest | [Pe] to discharge, empty<br />

investigacidn nf research, investigation,<br />

1-3<br />

exploration<br />

investigar vintr to research, investigate, explore<br />

inyeccidn nf injection | i. de agua water flood or<br />

injection | i. de espuma foam injection | i. de gas<br />

gas injection | i. de vapor steam flooding or<br />

injection | i forzada forced injection | i.<br />

magmdtica magmatic injection<br />

inyectado,-da adj injected<br />

inyectarirfr to inject<br />

idnico,-ca adj ionic<br />

ionizacidn nf ionization<br />

ionizar vtr/pr to ionize<br />

iondgeno,-na adj inorganic<br />

ipabismal adj hypabyssal<br />

ir a pena vtr [Col] to hit a paystreak in a placer<br />

iridio nm iridium | /. nativo native iridium<br />

iridiscencia nf iridescence<br />

iridiscente adj iridescent<br />

iridosmina nf iridosmine, iridosmium<br />

iris nm iridescent hyaline quartz | i. calcedonia<br />

iridescent chalcedony | i. citrino yellow hyaline<br />

quartz<br />

irisacidn nf iridescence<br />

irisado,-da adj iridescent<br />

irisar vintr to iridesce, be iridescent | vpr to<br />

become iridescent<br />

irradiacidn nf irradiation<br />

irradiar vtr to irradiate<br />

isla nf island | /'. de barrera barrier island | i. en<br />

rosario island chain | i. ocednica oceanic island<br />

isleo nm klippe | island | /". cobijante erosional<br />

remnant<br />

isleta nf islet<br />

islete nm islet<br />

islilla nf islet<br />

islote nm islet<br />

isoanomalia nf isoanomaly<br />

isoandmalo,-la adj isoanomalous<br />

isoantracita nf isoanthracite<br />

isobara nf isobar<br />

isobarico,-ca adj isobaric<br />

isobarometrico,-ca adj isobarometric<br />

isobata nf isobath<br />

isocarbono nm isocarbon<br />

isoclinal adj isoclinal | nm isocline<br />

isoclinico,-ca adj isoclinic<br />

isoclino,-na adj isoclinal<br />

isocora nf isochore<br />

isocromo nm isochrome<br />

isocrona nf isochron<br />

isdcrono,-na adj isochronous

---

isodina nf isomagnetic line<br />

isodinamico,-ca adj isodynamic<br />

is<strong>of</strong>ana nf franklinite<br />

isdgala nf isogal<br />

isdgama nm isogam<br />

isogeoterma nf isogeotherm<br />

isdgono,-na adj isogonic | nf isogonic line<br />

isohalina nf isohaline<br />

is<strong>of</strong>eta nf isohyet<br />

isoipsa nf contour line<br />

isolmea nf isopleth<br />

isomegatia nf isomegathy<br />

isomerismo nm isomeric<br />

isomerizacidn nf isomerization<br />

isdmero,-ra adj isomeric | nm isomer<br />

isometamorfismo nm isometamorphism<br />

isomdrfico,-ca adj isomorphic<br />

isomorfismo nm isomorphism<br />

isomorfo nm isomorph<br />

isopaca nf isopach<br />

isdpaco nm isopach<br />

isoparafina nf isoparrafin<br />

isopentano nm isopentane<br />

isopleta nf isopleth<br />

isdpora nf isopore<br />

isopreno nm isoprene<br />

isoquimico,-ca adj isochemical<br />

isorrumbado,-da adj follows the same strike<br />

isosista nf isoseismic line<br />

isostasia nf isostacy<br />

isostasis nf isostacy<br />

isostatico,-ca adj isostatic<br />

isotangente nm isotangent<br />

isoterma nf isotherm<br />

isotermico,-ca adj isothermic, isothermal<br />

isotermo,-ma adj isothermal<br />

isotipico,-ca adj isotypic<br />

1-4<br />

isotipo nm isotype<br />

isotdpico,-ca adj isotopic<br />

isdtopo nm isotope<br />

isotropia nf isotropy<br />

isotrdpico/-ca adj isotropic<br />

isotropismo nm isotropism<br />

isdtropo,-pa adj isotropic<br />

isoyeta nm isohyet<br />

istmo nm isthmus<br />

itabo nm [Vz] inlet<br />

itacolumita nf flexible sandstone<br />

itali nm [Mex] obsidian<br />

italita nf leucitite<br />

iteracidn nf iteration<br />

iterar vtr to iterate<br />

iterativo,-va adj iterative<br />

iterbico,-ca adj ytterbic<br />

iterbio nm ytterbium<br />

itria nf yttria<br />

itrico,-ca adj yttric<br />

itrio nm yttrium<br />

itrocerita nf yttrocerite<br />

itr<strong>of</strong>luorita nf yttr<strong>of</strong>luorite<br />

itroilmenita nf samarskite<br />

itrotantalita nf yttrotantalite<br />

itrotitanita nf keilhauite<br />

itztle or itztli nm [Mex] obsidian<br />

iu nm yu, nephrite<br />

ixtajale nm [Tasco, M£x] earthy iron oxide |<br />

[Zacualpan, Mex] silver sulphide disseminated<br />

in iron oxides | [Sultepec, M£x] native wire<br />

and leaf silver with gypsum, cerargyrite,<br />

argentite, and oxides<br />

izadornm hoist<br />

izaje nm hoisting<br />

izar vtr to hoist<br />

izcu nm [Pe] lime

---

jabalcdnnm trench brace<br />

jabalconar vtr to shore, brace, prop<br />

Jabalinense nm Acadian<br />

jabeca [Almaden, Sp] a type <strong>of</strong> furnace used to<br />

d is till mercury<br />

jable nf a fine, white sand<br />

jabdn nm [Guanajuato, Mex] friable, talcose,<br />

silver-bearing ore | [Villa Nueva, Hon] friable,<br />

talcose, siliceous, gold and silver sulfide-<br />

bearing ore | [Col] slickenside | ;'. de montana<br />

steatite | halloysite | ;'. de sastre steatite,<br />

soapstone | ;. de soldado smectite | j. de vidrieros<br />

pyrolusite | j. mineral smectite<br />

jaboncillo nm clay, gouge, generally as an<br />

alteration product <strong>of</strong> country rock | [Potosi,<br />

Bol] kaolinite | [Ch] nitrate <strong>of</strong> soda streaked<br />

with lime | [Mex] clay selvage on a vein |<br />

steatite, talc<br />

jabre nm [Gal] a fine, white feldspathic sand<br />

derived from altered granite<br />

jacintina nf idocrase<br />

jacinto nm hyacinth, jacinth (a transparent red<br />

var <strong>of</strong> zircon) | cinnamon-stone (a var <strong>of</strong><br />

garnet) | j. de Ceildn zircon | j. de Compostela<br />

dark red crytalline quartz | j. de disentis<br />

cinnamon-stone, a variety <strong>of</strong> garnet | ;. de los<br />

volcanes idocrase | _;'. occidental bright yellow<br />

variety <strong>of</strong> topaz | _;'. oriental orange variety <strong>of</strong><br />

corundum | j. volcanico idocrase<br />

Jacksoniense nm/adj Jacksonian<br />

jacksonita nf prehnite<br />

jacupirangita nf jacupirangite | ;'. apatitica<br />

apatite jacupirangite | j. feldespdtica feldspar<br />

jacupirangite<br />

jacupirangitico,-ca adj jacupirangitic<br />

jacutinga nf jacutinga, itabirite<br />

jade nm jade | j. de saussure saussurite | j.<br />

oriental tremolite<br />

jade-albita nf maw-sit-sit, jade-albite<br />

jadeita-egirina nf a mixture <strong>of</strong> jadeite and<br />

aegirine<br />

jagua nf [Col] powdery, sulfide ore | black<br />

sands in placers | concentrates rich in gold and<br />

heavy minerals | j. de recorte heavy mineral<br />

residues from gold recovery in an arrastre<br />

jaguadero nm outlet (<strong>of</strong> a river)<br />

jagiiel nm [Arg, Ch] pit or trench filled with<br />

water<br />

J-l<br />

jagiiey nm [Arg] pit or trench filled with water<br />

jais nf jet<br />

jaki nm khal<br />

jalatocle nm [M6c] alluvium<br />

jalde adj deep yellow<br />

jaldo,-da adj deep yellow<br />

jaldre adj deep yellow<br />

jales nmpl [M£x] tailings<br />

jali nm khal<br />

jaldn nm [surv] rod, range pole | ;. de cadeno<br />

chaining pin | j. de mira level rod<br />

jalonar vtr [surv] to run a survey line<br />

jalonero nm [surv] rodman<br />

jamasquita nf jamaskite (obs, hornblende<br />

jacupirangite)<br />

Janitorense nm Janitorian (sub-stage <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Corallian)<br />

janosita nf copiapite<br />

japanita nf penninite<br />

jaquelado nm checkerboard pattern<br />

jardin nm spot which disfigures an emerald<br />

jargon nm jargoon, jargon (pale yellow jem<br />

variety <strong>of</strong> zircon)<br />

Jarkov nm Kharkov<br />

jaspagata nf agate jasper, jaspagate, jaspachate<br />

jaspe nm jasper | veined marble | /. de Siberia<br />

banded brown and green jasper | ;. egipcio<br />

Egyption jasper | ;. florido multicolored jasper<br />

| j. heliotrope bloodstone | _;'. jaspeado mixture<br />

<strong>of</strong> green jasper and agate | ;. negro touchstone<br />

| j. opalo jaspopal | j. porcelana porcelain jasper<br />

| j. sanguineo bloodstone | /. veteado ribbon<br />

jasper | ;'. zonar ribbon jasper<br />

jaspeado,-da adj spotted | mottled, variegated<br />

| marbled, streaked, veined | like jasper,<br />

jaspideous<br />

jaspear vtr to marble, mottle, vein, streak<br />

jasperado,-da adj jasperated<br />

jasperina nf jasperine<br />

jasperita nf jasper<br />

jasperizacidn nf jasperization<br />

jasperoide adj jasperoid | jasper<br />

jasperizar vtr to jasperize<br />

jaspideano,-na adj jaspidean, jaspery<br />

jaspilitico,-ca adj jaspilitic<br />

jaspoide adj jaspoid | nm tachylyte<br />

jaspdn nm a variety <strong>of</strong> marble, stained red and<br />

yellow<br />

jaspdnix nm jasponyx<br />

jaspopal nm jasper opal, jaspopal, opal jasper<br />

jaula nf cage (in a shaft) | j. de extraccion mine

---

cage<br />

jayet nm jet<br />

jazido nm layer, bed or seam | ore or mineral<br />

deposit<br />

jebe nm [Sp] alum<br />

jefe nm chief, boss | ;'. de brigada [surv, expl]<br />

party chief | ;'. de cuadrilla squad boss | ;'. de<br />

<strong>of</strong>icina <strong>of</strong>fice manager | j. de punta shift boss |<br />

j. de turno shift boss<br />

jejo nm stone, rock<br />

jelinita nf kansasite (a fossil resin)<br />

jelletita nf pale green andradorite<br />

jemal adj a palm in length<br />

jeme nm palm (measure <strong>of</strong> distance)<br />

jenkinsita nf ferroan antigorite<br />

jentschita nf lengenbachite<br />

jenzschita nf chalcedony<br />

jeroglifico,-ca adj hieroglyphic | nm hieroglyph<br />

Jerseyense nm Jerseyian (glacial stage)<br />

jerulfina nf wagnerite altered to apatite<br />

jet nm jet<br />

jewreinowita nf vesuvianite<br />

jezekita nf morinite<br />

jilopalo nm wood opal<br />

jinyunita nf mixture <strong>of</strong> mordenite and<br />

clinoptilolite<br />

jiwaarita nf Ti-melanite<br />

Johannense nm/adj Olenidian<br />

johnita nf green variety <strong>of</strong> turquoise<br />

johnstonita nf vanadinite | galena<br />

johnstontonita nf variety <strong>of</strong> andradite<br />

johnstrupita nf mosandrite<br />

jolita nf iolite<br />

jollyita nf Al-hisingerite<br />

jorfe nm precipice<br />

Jorgense nm/adj [Arg] local age name equivalent<br />

to Danian<br />

jorgyanita nf scoredite<br />

jornada nf a day's work, working day, shift | a<br />

day's journey | expedition | ;'. doble double<br />

shift | j. simple single shift<br />

jornal adj by the day's work | [Col] by the<br />

hour's work | nm day's wage | day's work |<br />

[Col] hourly wage<br />

jornalar vtr to employ by the day<br />

jornalero nm workman, laborer<br />

Josarense nm lower part <strong>of</strong> the Pontian<br />

josefinita nf nickel-iron, ferronickel<br />

josena nf josen, hartite<br />

jossaita nf a mixture <strong>of</strong> crocoite and sphalerite<br />

J-2<br />

jotun-norita nf jotunite (obs, charnockite)<br />

Jovarense nm/adj middle part <strong>of</strong> the middle<br />

Oligocene<br />

jovenadj young | recent | undeformed<br />

Joviano nm part <strong>of</strong> the Quaternary<br />

jovin adj uneroded, little eroded<br />

juagada nf [Col] alluvial gravel lacking sand<br />

and gold<br />

juan blanco nm [Col] placer platinum | mica<br />

jucu nm [Bol] high grader, ore thief<br />

juddita nf Mn-hornblende<br />

juego nm set | suite | ;'. de colores play <strong>of</strong> colors<br />

| j. de diaclasas joint set | ;. de mare the<br />

complete tidal cycle | stretch <strong>of</strong> beach or coast<br />

bounded by the tidal cycle<br />

jugar nm tidal movement <strong>of</strong> the sea (rise and<br />

fall)<br />

jugo de la tierra nm hydrocarbon<br />

jugo lapideo nm parent magma | residual melt<br />

| intersitial glass | cement in conglomerates<br />

julianita nf tennantite<br />

julio nm joule<br />

jumo nm [Col] scarcely visible flake <strong>of</strong> gold<br />

junckerita nf variety <strong>of</strong> siderite<br />

junkerita nf siderite<br />

junta nf joint | junction (<strong>of</strong> a river)<br />

juntarse vpr to coalesce<br />

juntura nf joint | ;'. de estratificacion bedding<br />

plane<br />

junturamiento nm jointing<br />

juquear vtr [Bol] to high grade, steal ore<br />

juqueo nm [Bol] ore theft, high-grading<br />

juquero nm [Bol] ore-thief<br />

Jura nf Jurassic | /. blanco Malm | /. negro Lias |<br />

/. pardo Dogger<br />

Jurasico,-ca adj Jurassic | nm Jurassic | /.<br />

inferior lower Jurassic | /. media middle Jurassic<br />

| /. superior upper Jurassic<br />

jurinita nf brookite<br />

jurupaita nf Mn-xonotlite<br />

jusente adj that rises or falls with an ebb tide |<br />

nm ebb tide<br />

justipreciacion nf appraisal<br />

justipreciador nm appraiser<br />

justipreciar vtr to appraise, rate<br />

justiprecio nm appraised value<br />

Juvarense nm/adj Juvavian<br />

juvenil adj juvenile<br />

juventud nf youth

---

K<br />

kafehidrocianita nf kafehydrocyanite<br />

kainolitico,-ca adj Cenozoic<br />

k'ajcha n/[Potosi, Bol] member <strong>of</strong> a cuadrillo or<br />

gang <strong>of</strong> weekend indio miners who worked<br />

their employer's mines for their own benefit<br />

from Saturday night to Monday morning and<br />

on feast days<br />

kakirita nf protomylonite<br />

kakoxena nf kakixen<br />

Kalaviense adj lower Algonquin | nm lower<br />

Algonquin<br />

kalicamptonita nf cascadite (obs, sodic minette)<br />

kaligranito nm kaligranite (obs, granite)<br />

kalikeratdfido nm kalikeratophyre (obs,<br />

keratophyre)<br />

kalinefelinita nf kalinephelinite (obs, nephelinte)<br />

kali<strong>of</strong>ilita nf kaliophilite<br />

kalifita nf kaliphite<br />

kalipirocloro nm kalipyrochlore<br />

kalipiroxerita nf pyroxenolite (obs, pyroxenite)<br />

kaliquerat<strong>of</strong>iro nm kalikeratophyre (obs,<br />

keratophyre)<br />

kaliriolita nf kalirhyolite (obs, potash rhyolite or<br />

pantellerite)<br />

kalisienita nf kalisyenite (obs, alkali syenite)<br />

kalitinguaitpdrfido nm kalitinguaite porphyry<br />

(obs, porphyritic phonolite)<br />

kalitraquita nf kalitrachyte (obs, trachyte)<br />

kalkafanita nf amygdaloidal diabase<br />

kalkbostonita nf maenaite (obs, plagioclase<br />

bostonite)<br />

kalkdiabasa nf amygdaloid al diabase<br />

kalkgranito nm calcigranite (obs, granite)<br />

kalkuranita nf uranite<br />

kaluszita nf singenite<br />

kam or kame nm kame<br />

kamarezita nf brochantite<br />

kammgranito nm kammgranite (obs, granite)<br />

kammgramtico,-ca adj kammgranitic (obs,<br />

granitic)<br />

Kansan nm Kansan<br />

kansita nf mackinawite<br />

kantografia nf kantography<br />

kaolin nm kaolin<br />

kaolinico,-ca adj kaolinic<br />

kaolinita nf kaolinite<br />

kaolinitko,-ca adj kaolinitic<br />

kaolinizacidn nf kaolinization<br />

K-l<br />

karbonatberesita nf beresite (obs, altered aplite)<br />

karbonatita nf carbonatite<br />

karbonatitalnoita nf alnoite<br />

karlsteinita nf carlstainite (obs, alkali granite)<br />

karniense adj Carnian<br />

karst nm karst | k. cubierto covered karst | k.<br />

desnudo naked or bare karst | k. elevado relict<br />

karst | k. subterrdneo interstratal or subjacent<br />

karst<br />

karstenita nf rock anhydrite, anhydrock<br />

karstico,-ca adj karstic<br />

karstificacidn nf karstification<br />

kasaita nf kassaite (obs, hauyne monzonite or<br />

syenodiorite porphyry)<br />

Kaskasia nm Kaskasia<br />

kasparite nf cobaltoan pickeringite<br />

kataforita nf kataphorite<br />

kataforit-solvsbergita nf solvsbergite (obs,<br />

trachyte)<br />

katapleitsienita nf augite-nepheline syenite<br />

katatectico,-ca adj katatectic<br />

katavotre nf abyss<br />

katazona nf katazone<br />

katogemco,-ca adj katogenic<br />

katogeno nm katogene<br />

kaukasita nf caucasite (obs, sanidine granite)<br />

kaulaita nf kauaiite (obs, olivine-augite diorite)<br />

Kazan nm Kazanian<br />

kazansquita nf kazanskite (obs, magnetiteplagioclase<br />

d unite)<br />

keelyita nf zinkenite<br />

Keewatino nm Keewatin, Keewatinian<br />

keiviita nf keivyite<br />

kelifitico,-ca adj kelyphytic<br />

kelyfitico,-ca adj kelyphitic<br />

kelifito nm corona<br />

kellerita nf cuprian pentahydrite<br />

kenngotita nf miargyrite<br />

kenyita nm kenyte (obs, olivine phonolitic<br />

trachyte)<br />

kenyta nm kenyte (obs, olivine phonolitic<br />

trachyte)<br />

kerabitumen nm kerogen<br />

kerargirita nf kerargyrite<br />

keratita nf hornfels | compact ground mass in<br />

melaphyres<br />

kerat<strong>of</strong>ido nm keratophyre | k. cuardfero quartz<br />

keratophyre<br />

keratdfiro nm keratophyre | k. cuardfero quartz<br />

keratophyre<br />

kerat<strong>of</strong>irospilita nf spilitized keratophyre

---

keratospilita nf keratospilite (obs, spilitized<br />

albite diabase)<br />

kerogeno nm kerogen<br />

kerogenita nf oil shale<br />

keros£n nm kerosene<br />

kerosene nm kerosene<br />

kerosina nf kerosene<br />

kersantita nf kersantite | k. aplita aplitic<br />

kersantite | k. augitica augite kersantite | k,<br />

brondtica bronzite kersantite | k. cuarcica<br />

quartz kersantite | k. esferoidal or esferolitica<br />

spheroidal kersantite | k. hornablendica<br />

hornblende kersantite | k. olivinica olivine<br />

kersantite | k. orbicular orbicular kersantite<br />

kersantitpegmatita nf kersantite pegmatite<br />

keuperiano,-na adj Keuper<br />

Keuprico nm Keuper<br />

keweenawiano,-na adj Keweenawan<br />

K-feldespato nm K-feldspar<br />

khajcha nf [Potosi, Bol] member <strong>of</strong> a cuadrillo or<br />

gang <strong>of</strong> weekend indio miners who worked<br />

their employer's mines for their own benefit<br />

from Saturday night to Monday morning and<br />

on feast days<br />

khareo nm [Bol] hand sorting (<strong>of</strong> ore)<br />

khareadora nf ore sorter (usually a woman)<br />

khibinita nf mosandrite (mineral) | chibinite<br />

(rock)<br />

khinganita nf kesterite<br />

khuniita nf iranite<br />

kieselgur nm kieselguhr, kiselgur<br />

kiirunavaarita nf magnetitite<br />

kilaje nm [Arg] weight in kilograms<br />

kilbrickenita nf As-geochronite<br />

kiliarea nf kiliare<br />

kilita nf kylite (obs, olivine theralite)<br />

kilo nm kilogram<br />

kilobara nf kilobar<br />

kilocaloria nf kilocalorie<br />

kilociclo nm kilocycle<br />

kilogramo nm kilogram<br />

kilometraje nm distance in kilometers<br />

kilometrico,-ca adj kilometric<br />

kildmetro nm kilometer<br />

kimmeriano,-na adj Kimmerian<br />

kimmerico,-ca adj Kimmerian<br />

kimmeridgiano,-na adj Kimmeridgian<br />

kimmeridgense adj Kimmeridgian<br />

Kinderhook nm Kinderhookian<br />

K-2<br />

kirunavaarita nf magnetitite, kiirunvaarite<br />

klaprotita nf mixture <strong>of</strong> wittichenite and<br />

emplectite<br />

klausenita nf clausenite (obs, diorite norite,<br />

quartz gabbro) | lamprophyre<br />

kmaita nf celadonite<br />

knoxvillita nf copiapite<br />

Koblenzense nm Coblenzian<br />

kodurita nf kodurite (obs, granulite) | k. biotitica<br />

biotite kodurite | k. cuardfera quartz kodurite |<br />

k. piroxenica pyroxene kodurite<br />

kodoritico,-ca adj koduritic<br />

koelbingita nf kenigmatite<br />

koivinita nf florencite<br />

kokkokonita nf cocconite (coccolith limestone)<br />

kolbeckina nf herzenbergite<br />

kolskita nf mixture <strong>of</strong> lizardite and sepiolite<br />

komatiita nf komatiite<br />

kongadiabasa nf Konga diabase (par quartz<br />

dolerite)<br />

Kongurense nm Kungurian<br />

Konialnikense nm Konialnikian, Pontian?<br />

koppita nf pyrochlore<br />

kornerupina nf kornerupine<br />

korund-anorthosita nf kyschtymite (obs,<br />

corundum anorthosite)<br />

korund-gabro nm corundum hornblend gabbro<br />

korundmagnetitita nf corundum magnetitite<br />

korundnefelindiorita nf dungannonite (obs,<br />

alkali corundum diorite)<br />

korundoligoclaspegmatita nf plumasite (obs)<br />

korundplagioklasita nf kyschtymite (obs,<br />

corundum anorthosite)<br />

kosmocloro nm kosmochlor, ureyite<br />

kramerita nf probertite<br />

kratogeno nm shield<br />

kraurita nf dufrenite<br />

kreuzbergita nf pleystenite<br />

kriptdn nm krypton<br />

kristianita nf cristianite (obs, biotite granite)<br />

kryokonita nf cryoconite<br />

Kungurnm Kungurian<br />

Kunguriense nm Kungurian<br />

kurskita nf carbonate-fluorapatite<br />

kiirunavaarita nf magnetitite, kiirunvaarite<br />

kuselita nf cuselite (obs, biotite-augite<br />

lamprophyre)<br />

kusuita nf wakefieldite-(Ce)

---

labfl adj unstable | labile | friable<br />

labio nm lip, edge | /. defalla fault limb<br />

labor nf miner working or work | working<br />

place or face | a measure <strong>of</strong> area (177.14 acres)<br />

| /. a cielo overhand working | /. a cielo abierto<br />

open pit working | 1. a traves cross cut | /.<br />

abandonada abandoned working | /. alia [Col]<br />

placer working above water level | /. auxiliar<br />

development work | /. baja [Col] placer<br />

working below water level | /. de buncos<br />

underhand stoping | /. de beneficio mill, milling<br />

| /. de cantera stone quarry, open pit work | /.<br />

de hacienda all workings in a mine not leased |<br />

/. de realce overhand stoping | /. de<br />

reconocimiento exploratory workings | /. de<br />

testeros overhand stoping | /. en rebajo<br />

underhand stoping | /. par lajas slabbing,<br />

slashing | /. preparativas development work<br />

laboreo nm mining, exploitation, working | art<br />

<strong>of</strong> mining | /. a cielo abierto open pit mining | /.<br />

de crestones surface workings | /. de grada<br />

stoping | /. de subniveles sublevel stoping | /. en<br />

avance advancing system | /. en retirada<br />

retreating system | /. minero mining,<br />

exploitation | /. par cuadras panel working | /.<br />

par socavon adit cut mining<br />

labra nf working, cutting, carving, or dressing<br />

<strong>of</strong> stone<br />

labrado,-da adj worked, wrought, cut, carved |<br />

nm cutting, carving<br />

labrar vtr to work a mine | to work metals | to<br />

dress, cut or carve stone | /. enfacetas to facet<br />

lacolito nm laccolith<br />

lacunario,-ria adj lacustrine<br />

lacustre adj lacustrine, lake<br />

ladera nf declivity, slope, side, hillside | highly<br />

inclined flanks <strong>of</strong> a saddle or anticline | flank<br />

ladiniano,-na adj Ladinian<br />

ladiniense adj Ladinian<br />

lago nm lake | /. alcalino alkaline lake | /. de agua<br />

dulce fresh water lake | /. de agua salada salt<br />

lake | /. de circo tarn | /. de crater crater lake | /.<br />

de erosion erosion lake ! /. de erosion glaciar \ I.<br />

defractura tectonic lak i | 1. de glaciar glacier<br />

lake | /. en herradura oxbow lake | /. endicado<br />

barrier lake | /. salado salt lake, saline lake | /.<br />

semilunar oxbow lake<br />

laguena nf decomposition <strong>of</strong> argillaceous schist<br />

L-l<br />

by weathering<br />

laguna nf lagoon | small lake | reservoir used<br />

to store water to supply water-powered stamp<br />

mills | /. coster a coastal lagoon | /. de<br />

decantacion tailings pond<br />

lagunato nm [Cu] pool, pond<br />

lagunero nm person in charge <strong>of</strong> the upkeep <strong>of</strong><br />

lagunas<br />

lagunoso,-sa adj full <strong>of</strong> lagoons<br />

laja nf thin, flat stone | bed, layer or sheet |<br />

stone slab | /. chavera [Cartagena, Sp] highly<br />

decomposed slate<br />

lajeado,-da adj [Mex, Ur] laminated<br />

lajillan/[Vz] shale<br />

lajoso,-sa adj [Ur] laminated<br />

lama nf slime, mud, silt | tailings | ore in the<br />

form <strong>of</strong> dust or fine powder within veins |<br />

[Tipuani, Bol] gravel beds forming false<br />

bedrock to gold placers<br />

lamelaradj laminated<br />

lamelifonne adj lamelliform<br />

lamina nf lamella (pi lamellae) | slab | thin<br />

plate or sheet | scale | /. de pirita scare | /. de<br />

pizarra slab <strong>of</strong> slate, slate<br />

laminacidn nf lamination<br />

laminado,-da adj laminated | tabular<br />

laminilla nf lamella (pi lamellae) | thin sheet |<br />

flake<br />

lamoso,-da adj slimey | [Aguascalientes, Mex]<br />

copper ores in a steatite matrix<br />

lamprdfiro nm lamprophyre<br />

lancanstriano,-na adj Lancastrian<br />

lancastriense nm Lancastrian<br />

lancha nf thin, flat stone | stone slab<br />

lanchar nm quarry yielding lanchas<br />

landeniano,-na adj Landenian<br />

landeniense nm Landenian<br />

lantano nm lanthanum<br />

lapa«/[Pe] footwall<br />

lapiez nm karren<br />

lapili nf lapilli | /. de acrecion accretion lapilli<br />

lapislazuli nf lapis lazuli<br />

lapiz nm graphite, black lead, plumbargo |<br />

black chalk | /. encarnado or rojo red chalk or<br />

ochre<br />

lapizarnm graphite mine<br />

laque nm druse<br />

la sea nf small, thin fragment <strong>of</strong> stone | chip,<br />

spall<br />

lascarufr to spall<br />

lastra nf flat stone, stone slab, flagstone |

---

[Serrata de Lorca, Sp] bed <strong>of</strong> native sulphur, <strong>of</strong><br />

which there are several: /. de arriba the upper<br />

bed, /. de abajo or defuego middle bed, and /. de<br />

agua the lowermost which was not worked<br />

lastre nm weathered stone <strong>of</strong> poor quality found<br />

at the surface <strong>of</strong> quarries<br />

lastronnm large flagstone<br />

lateritico,-ca adj lateritic<br />

laterizacidn nf laterization<br />

latilla nf lath<br />

latitud nf latitude | breadth, width | total<br />

extent <strong>of</strong> a region, belt, province, district, etc |<br />

a 30° latitud sur 30° south<br />

lattorfiano,-na adj LattorBan<br />

lattorfiense adj Lattorfian<br />

lauegrama nm lauegram<br />

laurencio nm lawrencium<br />

lava nf lava | washing <strong>of</strong> ore | /. cordada pillow<br />

lava | /. de blocjue block lava | /. en alhomada<br />

pillow lava | /. escoriacea aa lava | /. pahoehoe<br />

pahoehoe<br />

lavada nf washing <strong>of</strong> placers or ore<br />

lavadero nm site for washing placers or ore |<br />

[Ch, Pe] placer deposit | act <strong>of</strong> washing placers<br />

or ore<br />

lavado nm washing | /. de surcos \ I. superficial<br />

lavador nm gold pan | washer<br />

lavadora nf gold pan | /. de carbon coal washer<br />

lavadura nf washing <strong>of</strong> placers or ore | nfpl<br />

washings<br />

lavaje nm washing <strong>of</strong> placers or ore<br />

lavar vtr to wash placers or ore<br />

lazada nf bow, knot | en lazada loop<br />

lazo nm bow, knot | en forma de L loop<br />

lazurita nf lapis lazuli, lazurite<br />

lechada nf mixture <strong>of</strong> lime and gypsum or <strong>of</strong><br />

lime and sand | slurry, paste<br />

leche de luna nm calcareous clay<br />

leche de tierra nm magnesia<br />

leche fosil de luna nm mineral agaric<br />

lechecilla nf [Tasco, Mex] a var <strong>of</strong> limestone<br />

lechedor nm [Pe] huantajaite | [Atacama, Ch]<br />

oxidized ore or gossan rich in silver chlorides<br />

lecho nm river bed | thin layer, bed or stratum<br />

| /. de canter a bed <strong>of</strong> stone | /. de creciente flood<br />

plain | /. de rio stream bed | /. de roca bedrock<br />

| /. mayor flood plain<br />

lediano,-na adj Ledian<br />

lediense adj Ledian<br />

legamo nm slime, mud, ooze | loam<br />

legamoso,-sa adj slimey, oozey, loamy<br />

L-2<br />

legitima n/[Real del Monte, Mex] vein having<br />

an east-west trend<br />

legua nf league, a measure <strong>of</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> 5000<br />

footsteps (about 5572 meters) (a day's ride on<br />

horseback is about six leagues)<br />

leguaje nm an advance for travel expenses that<br />

should have but was rarely paid to mitayos by<br />

mine owners when they left their communities<br />

for the mines<br />

lenar nm karren, lapiaz<br />

lengua del glaciar nf glacial tongue<br />

lengiiebuey nm [Antioqua, Col] a trachyte so<br />

named because its texture resembles that <strong>of</strong> an<br />

ox's tongue<br />

lente nm lense | magnifying glass | lenticular<br />

mass <strong>of</strong> rock | /. ocular eyepiece<br />

lenteja nf lenticular mass <strong>of</strong> rock, ore or mineral<br />

lentejon nm lense (<strong>of</strong> sedimentary rock)<br />

lenoso,-sa adj woody, ligneous<br />

lepidoblastico,-ca adj lepidoblastic<br />

leucito nm leucite<br />

leucocratico,-ca adj leucocratic<br />

leucopirita nf leucopyrite<br />

leucozafiro nm leucosapphire<br />

levantada nf orogeny<br />

levantamiento nm elevation | uplift | survey |<br />

surveying | creep (soil) | /. aer<strong>of</strong>otogrametrico<br />

aerial survey | /. stsmico siesmic survey<br />

levantar vtr to survey | to uplift, elevate<br />

levee nf levee | /. natural natural levee<br />

levigacidn nf levigation<br />

levogiro,-ra adj sinistral<br />

ley nf law | grade <strong>of</strong> ore | legal standard <strong>of</strong><br />

quality or fineness | statistical distribution<br />

function | /. beta beta distribution | /. binomial<br />

binomial distribution | /. binomial negativa<br />

negative binomial distribution | /. de Boyle<br />

Boyle's law | /. de Charles Charles's law | /. de F<br />

F distribution | /. de Henry Henry's law | /. de<br />

minas mining law | /. de metal grade | /. de<br />

Pareto Pareto distribution | /. de Poisson<br />

Poisson distribution | /. de student student t-<br />

distribution | /. de Weibull Weibull distribution<br />

| /. discreta uniforme uniform distribution | /.<br />

exponential exponential distribution | /. gamma<br />

gamma distribution | /. geometrica geometric<br />

distribution | /. hipergeometrica hypergeometric<br />

distribution | /. ji cuadrado chi-squared<br />

distribution j /. lognormal lognormal<br />

distribution | /. media average grade | /.<br />

mineral mining law | /. mulitinomial

---

multinomial distribution | /. normal normal<br />

distribution | /. rectangular Rectangular<br />

distribution | /. superior a grade greater than |<br />

/. t t-distribution | /. unifomre uniform<br />

distribution | con ley de <strong>of</strong> a grade <strong>of</strong> | de baja<br />

(alta) ley <strong>of</strong> low (high) grade<br />

leyenda nf legend (to a map)<br />

Iherzolita nf Iherzolite<br />

lias nm Lias<br />

lia"sico,-ca adj Liassic, Lias | nm Liassic<br />

libra nf pound, a measure <strong>of</strong> weight | /. esterlina<br />

pound sterling<br />

libreadj free<br />

libreta nf notebook | /. de campo field book<br />

licuacidn nf liquification<br />

licuefaccidn nf liquification<br />

liquifacer vtr to liquify<br />

lidita nf lyd ite, touchstone<br />

lienza nf measuring tape<br />

lievrita nf ilvaite<br />

liga nf alloy | alloy <strong>of</strong> gold and silver used in<br />

coinage | [Mex] smelting ore, or ore used as a<br />

flux in smelting | [Potosi, Bol] galena | /. de<br />

metal alloy<br />

ligacidn nf bond<br />

ligar vtr to alloy (metals)<br />

ligero,-ra adj light<br />

lignftico,-ca adj lignitic<br />

lignito nm lignite or brown coal | /. duro \ I,<br />

lenoso lignite proper | /. xiloide xyloid lignite<br />

limadura n/[Mex] refined silver or silver<br />

amalgam produced by the patio process <strong>of</strong><br />

amalgamation<br />

limbo nm limb (<strong>of</strong> a fold)<br />

limite nm boundary | limit | /. conservador de<br />

placas transform plate boundary | /. de<br />

confianza confidence limit | /. de contraccion<br />

shrinkage limit | /. de nieve snow line | /. de<br />

placa plate boundary | /. de placas convergentes<br />

converging plate boundary | /. de placas<br />

divergentes diverging plate boundaries<br />

limitr<strong>of</strong>e adj bordering<br />

limnico,-ca adj lacustrine, limnic<br />

limnologia nf limnology<br />

limo nm silt, mud | /. de derrubios boulder clay |<br />

/. defaldeo<br />

lomolito nm siltstone<br />

limonita nf limonite<br />

limomtico,-ca adj limonitic<br />

limonitizado,-da adj limonitic<br />

limoso,-sa adj muddy, silty<br />

L-3<br />

limpia nf low-grade ore or waste<br />

limpiar vtr to clean up, as for a mill, dredge, etc<br />

limpio nm cobbed or sorted ore<br />

linde nm boundary, limit<br />

lindero nm boundary, especially <strong>of</strong> a mining<br />

claim<br />

linea nf line | twelth part <strong>of</strong> a pulgada or inch |<br />

/. ach'nica aclinic line, magnetic equator | /. de<br />

costa coastline, strandline | /. de crecimiento<br />

growth line | /. de charnela hinge line | /. de<br />

fractura fracture line | /. de literal shoreline | /.<br />

de nieves perpetuas snow line | /. de tierra<br />

ground line | /. geodesica geodesic line | /.<br />

isodindmica isodynamic line | /. isogonica<br />

isogonic line | /. transversal traverse<br />

lineacidn nf lineation<br />

lineamiento nm lineament<br />

lingote nm ingot | /. de hierro pig iron | /. de<br />

plomo pig <strong>of</strong> lead<br />

liparita nf rhyolite<br />

lipis nm copper sulfate<br />

lipta nf [Bol] grey silver ores which accompany<br />

tin ore<br />

liquado nm liquid | /. newtoniano Newtonian<br />

liquid<br />

liso,-sa adj even | nm an extensive flat face <strong>of</strong> a<br />

rock | slickenside | [Col] fault<br />

lista nf stripe, band<br />

listado,-da adj striped | in thin layers,<br />

laminated<br />

listones nmpl riffles<br />

litarge nm litharge | /. nativo lead ocher<br />

litargirio nm litharge<br />

litificacidn nf lithification<br />

litico,-ca adj lithic<br />

litio nm lithium<br />

litoclasa nf lithoclase<br />

litoestratigrafico,-ca adj lithostratigraphic<br />

lit<strong>of</strong>acies nfpl lith<strong>of</strong>acies<br />

litdfilo,-la adj lithophile<br />

lit<strong>of</strong>isuras nfpl lithophysae<br />

litogenesis nf lithogenesis<br />

litologia nf lithology<br />

litoldgico,-ca adj lithological<br />

litomargo nm lithomarge, kaolin<br />

literal adj coastal, littoral | nm shore | /. entre<br />

mareas foreshore | /. submarino <strong>of</strong>fshore<br />

litosfera nm lithosphere<br />

litosiderita nf lithosiderite<br />

litostatico,-ca adj lithostatic<br />

litraje nm [Arg] volume in liters

---

litro nm liter<br />

lixivacidn nf leaching, lixivation | /. amoniacal<br />

ammonia leaching<br />

lizote nm [Sinaloa, Me"x] blue speckled quartz<br />

rich in silver<br />

local nm site | /. del ingenio mill site<br />

localidad nf locality | /. tipo type locality<br />

lodazal nm marsh/ bog<br />

lodo nm mud/ ooze/ sludge | /. calcareo<br />

calcareous ooze | /. de slliceo siliceous ooze | /.<br />

de diatomeas diatomaceous ooze | I. de<br />

rodiolarios radolarian ooze | /. mineral slime | /.<br />

rojo red mud<br />

lodolita nf mudstone<br />

lodoso,-sa adj muddy<br />

loes or loess nm loess<br />

logaritmico/-ca adj logarithmic<br />

logaritmo nm logarithm<br />

loma nf ridge/ rise/ hill/ hillock | /. de<br />

acumulacion accretionary ridge<br />

lomada nf [ Arg] hill/ ridge<br />

lomerio nm [Me"x] a range <strong>of</strong> hills<br />

lomo nm ridge | /. eolico windrow ridge<br />

loncha nf flagstone<br />

longana nf [Guanajuato/ Mex] cylinders <strong>of</strong> clay<br />

with embedded rich ore, or cylindrical pieces<br />

<strong>of</strong> ore concealed in the anus as a means <strong>of</strong><br />

stealing ore<br />

longitud nf longitude | length | departure/ ie<br />

easting or westing<br />

lopolito nm lopolith<br />

losa nf flat stone/ stone slab/ flagstone |<br />

[Coquimbo, Ch] shell-bearing conglomerate<br />

losero nm quarry for losa or flagstone |<br />

[Guanajuato/ Mex] sandstone quarry<br />

lotaringiano/-na adj Lotharingian<br />

lotaringiense nm Lotharingian<br />

loza nf [Pe] bedrock to a placer<br />

ludiano,-na adj Ludian<br />

ludiense adj Ludian<br />

ludloviano,-na adj Ludlovian<br />

ludloviense adj Ludlovian<br />

lumbre nm flint | fires tone<br />

lumbrera nf shaft<br />

luminescente adj luminescent<br />

luminiscencia nf luminescence | /. catodica<br />

cathodoluminescence<br />

luminoso,-sa adj luminous<br />

lupa nf magnifying glass/ lens | hand lens<br />

lurte nm landslide<br />

lusitaniano,-na adj Lusitanian<br />

lusitaniense adj Lusitanian<br />

lustre or lustro nm luster<br />

lustroso,-sa adj shiny/ glossy/ lustrous<br />

luteciano,-na adj Lutetian<br />

luteciense adj Lutetian<br />

lutecio nm lutetium<br />

lutita nf shale | /. petroUfera oil shale<br />

lutitico/-ca adj shaly<br />

luz nf light | /. ambiente available light | /.<br />

natural natural or ordinary light | /. polarizada<br />

polarized light<br />

L-4

---

LL<br />

llabana nf smooth or polished flat slab <strong>of</strong> rock<br />

llacorella nf [Valencia, Sp] a white or bluish<br />

marl <strong>of</strong> Miocene age<br />

llama nf swamp, marsh | flame | pack animal<br />

used in Andean countries to haul ore,<br />

concentrates, supplies, etc. | //. de oxidation<br />

oxidizing flame | //. de reduction reducing<br />

flame<br />

llamado/-da adj known as, called, so-called (not<br />

always translated, e.g. el llamado Pluton<br />

Disputada 'the Disputada Pluton 1)<br />

llamargo nm swamp, marsh<br />

llamazar nm swamp, marsh<br />

llambria nf cliff<br />

llamenga nf [Asturia, Sp] mud<br />

llamo nm [Ch] fine ore | coal dust |<br />

[Chuquicamata, Ch] ground low grade copper<br />

ore | [Pe] earthy, reddish oxidized silver ore<br />

llampera nf [Bol] talus, landslide | ore found in<br />

talus deposits | [Ch] soil or ground which<br />

contains easily worked ore<br />

llampero nm [Chuquicamata, Ch] Stockwork <strong>of</strong><br />

atacamite-bearing veinlets in porphyry copper<br />

ore<br />

llampo nm [Bol, Ch] finely broken or otherwise<br />

easily exploitable ore<br />

llampu nm [Bol] pure sublimate <strong>of</strong> sulfer<br />

liana nf plain<br />

llanada nf plain (<strong>of</strong> great extent but fully in<br />

view)<br />

llanadora nf [Arg] grader<br />

llanca «/[Ch] any blue-green copper silicate<br />

mineral used by the Aurucanian Indians <strong>of</strong><br />

Chile as jewelry<br />

llandeiliano,-na adj Llandeilian<br />

llandeilense adj Llandeilian | nm Llandeilian<br />

Llandeilo nm Llandeilian<br />

llandilo,-la adj Llandeilian<br />

llandoveriano,-na adj Llandoverian<br />

llandoveriense adj Llandoverian | nm<br />

Llandoverian<br />

llaneza nf plain<br />

llanita nf llanite (obs, rhyolite)<br />

llano,-na adj even, flat, smooth | level | nm<br />

plain | flatland | //. aluvial alluvial plain | //.<br />

aluvio-glaciar outwash plain | //. arenoso sandy<br />

plain | //. costero coastal plain | //. de inundation<br />

flood plain<br />

LL-1<br />

| //. de piamonte piedmont plain<br />

llanura nf tropical plain (<strong>of</strong> very great extent) |<br />

//. aluvial alluvial plain | //. aluvio-glatiar<br />

outwash plain | //. costanera coastal plain | //.<br />

costera coastal plain | //. de agradation<br />

aggradation plain | //. de inundation flood plain<br />

| //. de piamonte piedmont plain | //. de relleno<br />

fluviogladar overwash plain | //. del rto valley<br />

floor, bottom land | //. glatiarica kettle plain |<br />

//. salina alkaline or salt flat | //. troncal<br />

peneplain<br />

llanvirniense adj Llanvirnian | nm Llanvirnian<br />

llapa nf mercury used to amalgamate silver<br />

llapar vtr to add mercury to produce silver<br />

amalgram<br />

llapana nf [Pe] debris flow occaisioned by flash<br />

flooding <strong>of</strong> a normally dry quebrada<br />

llauca «/[Pe] a smooth, black clay with greasy<br />

lustre found in veins<br />

llaucana nf [Ch] miner's pry bar or pick axe<br />

llaucanero nm [Ch] miner who breaks up large<br />

fragments <strong>of</strong> ore with a llaucana<br />

llaucar vtr [Ch] to use a llaucana<br />

llauckana nf [Bol] pointed metal bar used to bar<br />

down the ro<strong>of</strong> and walls <strong>of</strong> a mine<br />

Have nf section <strong>of</strong> ore or wall rock in the form <strong>of</strong><br />

an arc which is left in place to support the ro<strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>of</strong> a mine | [Sp] crib<br />

llegada nf [seis] arrival | //. sismica cable break<br />

llegar a planes vtr to bottom (mine workings)<br />

lleira nf deposit <strong>of</strong> pebbles and coarse gravel<br />

llena nf alluvium | flood, overflow <strong>of</strong> a river<br />

llenado nm filling<br />

llenamiento nm filling <strong>of</strong> veins, etc.<br />

llenante nf flood tide<br />

llenar vtr to flood, overflow | to fill | nm rise<br />

or fall <strong>of</strong> the sea<br />

lleno,-na adj flooded | high (tides)<br />

Hera nf quarry | stony or rocky ground | sandy<br />

ground<br />

Heron nm ground covered with large boulders<br />

llevar vtr to carry, transport | to bear, have,<br />

contain | //. en suspension to carry in<br />

suspension (rivers) | //. inclusiones de to contain<br />

inclusions <strong>of</strong> | //. una poligonal [surv] to run a<br />

traverse<br />

1 Helena n/[Bol] franckeite<br />

llimpe nm [Mex] cinnabar<br />

llimpi nm [Bol] finely laminated ores with the<br />

appearence <strong>of</strong> mica | [Pe] ores <strong>of</strong> red color,<br />

generally cinnabar

---

llinqui w/[Sandia, Pe] clayey, sterile beds within lluvia nf rain | //. de lodo mud flow | ll.fosil rain<br />

auriferous glacial deposits print<br />

llipita nf [Bol] brown, ashy silver ore lluvial adj pluvial<br />

llosa n/[Galicia, Sp] flat stone or slab lluvioso,-sa adj rainy<br />

lluscka nf [Bol] vein selvage, salband |<br />

slickenside<br />

LL-2

---

M<br />

maarnm maar<br />

maceton nm [Mex] stone sledge<br />

macino nm a u«r <strong>of</strong> sandstone with less quartz<br />

and more feldspar than molasa<br />

macizo,-za adj compact, solid, hard | nm massif<br />

| nm massiveness, bulk | massif | shield,<br />

basement | virgin, unmined ground | ore<br />

blocked out but not yet mined | m. cristalino<br />

crystalline basement | m. intrusive stock | m.<br />

laurentico Canadian shield | m. mineralizado<br />

orebody | m. tectonico horst<br />

macla nf twinning | twin, made | twinned<br />

crystal | m. de la albita albite twin law | m.<br />

polisintetica polysynthetic twin<br />

madado,-da adj twinned<br />

maco nm [Cartagena, Sp] ancient mine tailings<br />

macroclastico,-ca adj macroclastic<br />

macrocristalino,-na adj coarsely crystalline<br />

macr<strong>of</strong>dsil nm macr<strong>of</strong>ossil<br />

mactosismico,-ca adj macroseismic<br />

macrosismo nm macroseism<br />

machacamiento nm crushing<br />

machacar vtr to crush, break, buck, spall or<br />

stamp ore | to grind<br />

machado nm [Pe] ore containing visible native<br />

silver or gold<br />

machador,-dora adj crushing, grinding | nf<br />

crusher, grinding machine<br />

machaqueo nm crushing | [Sp] crushed stone<br />

macharitfr to spall ore | to hammer<br />

machays nm [Ec, Pe] sulfur lined cavities in<br />

volcanic rock<br />

macho nm dike | [Col] barren or unproductive<br />

vein<br />

machonga nf [Col] pyrite<br />

machucar vtr to crush, break, buck, spall or<br />

stamp ore<br />

madera nf wood | m. silidficada agatized wood<br />

madre nf river bed | mineralizing fluid | m. de<br />

sal [Ch] crystalline soda sulfate | m. del ore<br />

[Col] pebbles or cobbles <strong>of</strong> hematitic iron ore<br />

madurez nf maturity<br />

maduro,-ra adj mature<br />

maestrichtiano,-na adj Maestrichtian<br />

Maestrichtiense nm Maestrichtian<br />

mafico,-ca adj mafic<br />

magistral nm flux used for smelting ores |<br />

roasted pyrites or crude copper sulfate used as<br />

M-l<br />

a reagent in the patio process <strong>of</strong> amalgamating<br />

silver ores<br />

magma nm magma<br />

magmatico,-ca adj magmatic<br />

magnesiano,-na adj magnesian<br />

magnesico,-ca adj magnesic<br />

magnesifero,-ra adj magnesiferous<br />

magnesio nm magnesium<br />

magnetico,-ca adj magnetic<br />

magnetismo nm magnetism | m. fosil<br />

paleomagnetism<br />

magnetizable adj magnetizable<br />

magnetizacidn nf magnetization<br />

magnetar vtr to magnetize<br />

magneto nm magnet<br />

magnetometro nm magnetometer<br />

magnltud nf magnitude (<strong>of</strong> an earthquake)<br />

magnometria nf magnetic exploration<br />

magro,ra adj lean<br />

mainel nm mullion<br />

maja nf pestle<br />

majadero nm pestle<br />

majamiento nm crushing, grinding, pounding<br />

majar vtr to crush, pound, grind, break<br />

mal de choco nm silicosis<br />

malaquita nf malachite | m. azul azurite | m.<br />

verde malachite<br />

maleabilidad nf maleability<br />

maleableadj maleable<br />

malico adjm malic<br />

malpais nf badlands<br />

malquita nf malchite (obs, lamprophyre)<br />

malta nf asphalt<br />

malla nf mesh, screen | network | m. ancha<br />

coarse mesh | m. angosta fine mesh<br />

mana nf source, spring<br />

manatial adj spring | nm spring, source | m.<br />

ariesiano artesian spring | m. ascendente artesian<br />

spring | m. caliente hot spring | m. de<br />

desbordamiento contact spring | m. de estrato<br />

hillside spring | m. defalla fissure spring | m.<br />

defisura fissure spring | m. de grieta fissure<br />

spring | m. de hondonada depression spring |<br />

m. de ladera gravity or contact spring | m. de<br />

voile valley spring | m. descendente depression<br />

spring | m. rebosante gravity spring | m.<br />

resurgente contact spring | m. surtidor artesian<br />

spring<br />

mancomunidad nf joint responsibility assumed<br />

by an association <strong>of</strong> miners (gremio de mineros)<br />

for the repayment <strong>of</strong> member's debts to a bank

---

| pooling <strong>of</strong> properties to obtain an exploration<br />

permit<br />

mancha nf stain or spot <strong>of</strong> ore | flaw in a crystal<br />

| m. de metal spot <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

manchado,-da adj spotted | stained<br />

mandon ntn mine foreman<br />

manganato nm manganate<br />

manganesa nf pyrolusite, manganese peroxide<br />

manganesia nf pyrolusite<br />

manganeso nm manganese | manganese ore |<br />

m. gris manganite | m. negro pyrolusite<br />

mang£nico,-ca adj manganic<br />

manganoso,-sa adj manganous<br />

manifestation nf occurrence, showing (<strong>of</strong> ore<br />

etc.)<br />

manta nf bedded vein or deposit | blanket<br />

deposit, "manto" | v de manta [Col] horizontal<br />

vein<br />

manteado,-da adj flat, blanket-like<br />

mantenimiento de presidn nm pressure<br />

maintenance<br />

manteo nm bedding | [Bol] cover rock | [Bol,<br />

Ch] dip<br />

mantilla n/[Tex] pocket or bunch <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

mantisa nf mantissa<br />

manto nm bed, layer, stratum | nappe |<br />

stratified or stratbound mineral deposit |<br />

bedded or blanket vein | lenticular deposit or<br />

pocket | flat or horizontal vein | mantle |<br />

[Atacama, Ch] a thick breccia zone |<br />

[Maravatio, Mex] gold-bearing gossan | m.<br />

broceador [Atacama, Ch] unmineralized bed |<br />

m. de azul [Cartagena, Sp] bed containing azul,<br />

disseminated galena and pyrite | m. de<br />

corrimento nappe | m. freatico water-bearing<br />

bed | m. hidraulico water-bearing bed | m.<br />

negro augite porphyry | m. pintador [Atacama,<br />

Ch] mineralized bed | m. sobreescurrido<br />

overthrust<br />

manzana nf [Arg] a land measure (about 2.5<br />

acres) | [CAm] a land measure (about 1.75<br />

acres)<br />

mapa nm map | m. administrative plat | m.<br />

basico base map | m. de base base map | m. de<br />

superficie surface map | m. estructural structure<br />

contour map | m. geologico geologic map | m.<br />

topografico topographic map<br />

mapamiento,-ta adj mapping<br />

mapoteca nf map archive<br />

mapula nf [Popayan, Col] a precious stone<br />

maquila nf [Bol] smelting charges, smelting toll<br />

M-2<br />

maquina diamantina n/[Bol] diamond drill<br />

mar nm ocean, sea | m. abisal abyssal sea | m.<br />

adentro <strong>of</strong>fshore | m, epicontinental epeiric sea<br />

marca nf framework | district or province |<br />

symbol stamped on bullion to indicate that<br />

taxes or duties have been paid | m. de arrastre<br />

scour mark | m. de escurrimiento rill mark | m.<br />

de oleaje ripplemark | m. de remolino eddy mark<br />

| m. lunada gouge mark<br />

marco nm a weight <strong>of</strong> 8 onzas \ m. de oro weight<br />

<strong>of</strong> 50 castellanoSf 400 tomines or 4800 granos \ m.<br />

de plata weight <strong>of</strong> 8 onzas, 64 ochavas, 128<br />

adarmes, 384 tomines or 4608 granos<br />

marcha nf \ m. aleatoria random walk<br />

marea nf tide | m. alta high tide | m. baja low<br />

tide | m. gravimetrica tidal gravity | m, lunar<br />

lunar tide | m. muerta \ m. roja red tide | m.<br />

viva spring tide<br />

marecanita nf obsidian<br />

maremotar,-triz adj tidal<br />

marejada nf cross-bedding<br />

marengo adj/nm dark grey<br />

marga nf marl | loam | marlstone | [Titiribi,<br />

Col] spathic iron | m. limica bog lime<br />

margen nm margin, fringe, edge, border | river<br />

bank | m. continental continental margin<br />

margoso,-sa adj marly, loamy<br />

marguero nm marl pit<br />

marino,-na adj marine<br />

marisma nf salt lake<br />

marismeno,-na adj marsh<br />

marjal nm marsh, bog<br />

mannaja nf [Mex] pyrite | [Col] pyrite or<br />

marcasite<br />

mannita nf pothole | m. de gigante pothole | m.<br />

glacial kettle<br />

manndl nf marble | m. brecha brecciated marble<br />

| m. brocatel spotted or veined marble | m. de<br />

puebla [Teocalli, Puebla, M£x] onyx marble | m.<br />

estatuario or m. de estatuas statuary marble | m.<br />

lumacjuela marble rich in shells | m. mexicano<br />

lime alabaster | m. pintado spotted marble | m.<br />

rayado streaked marble | m. serpentine<br />

serpentine marble<br />

marmolete nm [Vz] a var limestone<br />

marmor nm marble | [Almaden, Sp] melaphyre<br />

marna nf [Arg] marl<br />

marquesita nf marcasite<br />

masa nf mass <strong>of</strong> metal or ore | irregular deposit<br />

| sedimentary deposit | m. blanda s<strong>of</strong>t, semi-<br />

consolidated sediment such as clay or coal | m.

---

del criadero vein filling | m. dura quartzose<br />

consolidated sediment | m. echada irregular<br />

deposit more or less stratiform | m. filonia ore<br />

shoot | m. firme quartzose consolidated<br />

sediment | m. floja s<strong>of</strong>t sediment such as sand<br />

or peat | m. fundida melt | m. levantada<br />

irregular deposit discordant with bedding | m.<br />

movizada s<strong>of</strong>t sediment | m. muy duro or muy<br />

firme very hard rocks such as chert, granite,<br />

gneiss, etc. | m. cjuebrizada consolidated, clayey<br />

sediments | m. suelta s<strong>of</strong>t, unconsolidated<br />

sediment<br />

masicote nm masicot<br />

masivo,-va adj massive<br />

matan/[met] matte | matas de oro [Col] bunches<br />

<strong>of</strong> gold ore<br />

matar un pozo vtr to kill a well<br />

matatena nf [Mex] pebble, cobble<br />

mate adj unpolished | slaked<br />

matera n/[Col] mine in which gold is found in<br />

bunches or matas de oro<br />

materia nf material | matter | overburden | m.<br />

bituminosa kerabitumin | m. esteril barren<br />

material<br />

material nm material | m. en bruto raw material<br />

| m. esteril overburden<br />

matloquita nf matlockite<br />

matriz nf matrix, gangue | m. de las variancas-<br />

covariancas variance-co variance matrix<br />

matutina nf morning vein<br />

maximo nm high, upper part <strong>of</strong> a structure or<br />

anomaly | m. magnetico magnetic high<br />

maxvelio nm Maxwell<br />

mazamorra nf [Col] imperfect and accidental<br />

working<br />

mazomorrear vtr [Col] to wash gold<br />

mazut nm fuel oil<br />

meandro nm meander | m. abandonado<br />

abandoned meander | m. devalle valley<br />

meander | m. libre free meander<br />

medano nm sand dune | sand bar | m. fijado<br />

anchored dune | m. lateral shifting dune \ m.<br />

ligado attached dune | m. ondulado stable sand<br />

hill | m. vivo active dune<br />

media nf half | mean | m. aritmetica arithmetic<br />

mean | m. armonica harmonic mean | m. barreta<br />

[Bol, Pe] an irregular inclined shaft | m. cana \<br />

m. cuadratica cuadratic mean | m. geometrica<br />

geometric mean | m. mavil moving average |<br />

m. pepena [Mex] medium quality ore | m. vida<br />

half-life<br />

M-3<br />

mediana nf median<br />

medidornm meter | m. depHpH meter<br />

medio nm middle | mean<br />

medioambiente nm environment<br />

medir vtr to measure<br />

megafdsil nm macr<strong>of</strong>ossil, megafossil<br />

megascdpico,-ca adj megascopic<br />

melaconisa nf tenorite<br />

melafido nm melaphyre (obs, basalt)<br />

mela*firo nm melaphyre<br />

melanocratico,-ca adj melanocratic<br />

melita nf mellite<br />

membrana nf membrane<br />

memoria nf report, record | [Me"x] payroll (at a<br />

mine)<br />

mena nm vein <strong>of</strong> ore | ore in general | m. bruto<br />

or crudo raw ore | m. de los pantanos bog iron<br />

ore | m. grueso ore in large lumps | m. recto<br />

massive ore<br />

mencidn nf record<br />

mensura nf survey | m. con brujula Brunton<br />

Brunton survey | m. con estadia stadia survey<br />

mensura do,-da adj surveyed<br />

mensurarufr to survey<br />

mercurico,-ca adj mercuric<br />

mercuric nm mercury | mercury ore | m.<br />

argental argental mercury | m. argenteo argental<br />

mercury | m. corneo or dulce calomel | m.<br />

hepatico liver ore, hepatic cinnabar | m. nativo<br />

native mercury<br />

mercurioso adjm mercurous<br />

meridiano nm meridian<br />

merma nf waste, loss in processing<br />

meroedrico,-ca adj merohedral<br />

meroxeno nm meroxene<br />

mesa nf mesa, table mountain | principal facet<br />

<strong>of</strong> a precious stone | [Chanarcillo, Ch] smooth<br />

face <strong>of</strong> sterile limestone along the footwall <strong>of</strong><br />

mineralized limestone | m. de concentration<br />

concentrating table | m. de glaciares glacial table<br />

| m. para lamas slime table<br />

meseta nf plateau | m. basdltica basalt plateau |<br />

m. continental continental plateau<br />

mesosfera nf mesosphere<br />

mesoroca nf mesorock<br />

mesotipo nm mesotype<br />

mesozoico,-ca adj Mesozoic | nm Mesozoic<br />

mesozona nf mesozone<br />

metal nm metal | alloy | ore | m. acopolado [San<br />

Alto, Me"x] fine yellow cassiterite obtained by<br />

washing tierras \ [Sultepec, Me"x] ore

---

containing 50 to 60 ounce per ton silver | m.<br />

amarillo calaverite | m. antimonioso [Huitzuco,<br />

M£x] livingstonite | m. azul galena | m. azul de<br />

plata silver-bearing galena | [Almade"n, Sp] rich<br />

mercury ore | m. azulado selbite | m. barreteado<br />

ore freshly cut from a working face and yet to<br />

be sorted and crushed | m. blanco cerargyrite |<br />

m. calichoso [Me"x] feldspathic ore | m. calido<br />

[Ch] silver ore suitable for amalgamation by<br />

the tina process | m. caracal [M£x] spiraly wire<br />

silver | m. cenizo silver chloride | m. colgado<br />

[Ch] ore-in-sight, ore reserves | m. comun third<br />

class or ordinary ore | m. corrida placer ore |<br />

m. de acarreo secondary ore | m. de ayuda flux |<br />

m. de azogue ore amenable to amalgamation<br />

with mercury | m. de cazo [M£x] silver chloride<br />

ore | m. de cebo [Me"x] very rich, direct<br />

reducing silver ore | m. de crudo [Pe] oxidized<br />

ore | m. de color [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] oxidized<br />

copper ore | m. de correa [San Luis Potosi, Mex]<br />

ore <strong>of</strong> nearly pure cassiterite | m. defuego<br />

smelting ore | m. defundicion smelting ore | m.<br />

de labores smalls from mine workings | m. de pie<br />

[Mex] ore amenable to benificiation by the patio<br />

process <strong>of</strong> amalgamation | m. de pinta silver-<br />

bearing ore | m. de primera (close) first-class ore<br />

| m. de (\uema [Pe] sulphide ore | m. de segunda<br />

(close) second class ore | m. de tonel pyritic ore<br />

with little silver | m. despoblado [Me"x] ore with<br />

much gangue, low-grade ore | m. en barra<br />

bullion | m. en bruto ore | m. en piedra crude,<br />

uncrushed ore | m. flor surface ore | m. gabarro<br />

large, coarse ore | first-class ore | large piece<br />

<strong>of</strong> slag | m. grafico sylvanite | m. granza smalls<br />

| m. hierroso [Peras, M£x] masses <strong>of</strong> iron ore in<br />

cubical fragments | m. hecho selected ore, prill<br />

| m. hojoso nagyagite | m. humiento<br />

[Guadalcazar, Mex] complex silver ore | m.<br />

jugoso [Mex] lead ore | m. machacado native<br />

gold and silver leaf | m. mogino [Guadalcazar,<br />

M£x] mixture <strong>of</strong> argentiferous galena, argentite<br />

and silver telluride | m. mosqueado [Taviches,<br />

Mex] pyrargyrite disseminated in quartz<br />

matrix | m. nativo native metal | m. negro<br />

sphalerite [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] sulfuretted<br />

copper ore | m. negro argentifero tetrahedrite |<br />

m. noble free-milling ore | m. ordinario low-<br />

grade ore | m. pastoso argentiferous galena |<br />

[M^x] bournonite | m. pepena rich ore | m.<br />

plateado [Pe] ore <strong>of</strong> copper assaying about 60%<br />

copper | m. plomoso lead ore | m. plomoso<br />

reluciente silver-bearing lead ore | m. polvorilla<br />

M-4<br />

argentite | m. regular average grade ore | m.<br />

verde embolite | [Mex] silver ore with copper<br />

carbonates, oxides and sulfides | m. virgen<br />

native metal<br />

metalada «/[Mex] a discovery <strong>of</strong> ore in a<br />

previously unproductive working<br />

metalico,-ca adj metallic<br />

metalifero,-ra adj metalliferous<br />

metalizacion nf metallization<br />

metaloge'nesis nf metalligenesis<br />

metalogenetico,-ca adj metallogenic<br />

metaloide nm metaloide<br />

metalurgia nf metallurgy<br />

metalurgico,-ca adj metallurgical | nm<br />

metallurgist<br />

metamictico,-ca adj metamict<br />

metamorfico,-ca adj metamorphic<br />

metamorflsmo nm metamorphism | m. caustico<br />

regional metamorphism | m. de cargo y descarga<br />

burial metamorphism | m. de contacto contact<br />

metamorphism | m. de dislocacion dynamic<br />

metamorphism | m. de presion burial<br />

metamorphism | m. dinamico dynamic<br />

metamorphism | m. general regional<br />

metamorphism | m. geotermico thermal<br />

metamorphism j m. regional regional<br />

metamorphism<br />

metamorfosear vtr to metamorphose<br />

metano nm methane<br />

metasedimento nm metasediment<br />

metasomatico,-ca adj metasomatic<br />

metasomatismo nm metasomitism<br />

metasomatosis nf metasomatism<br />

metavulcanita nf metavolcanic<br />

meteorite nm meteorite<br />

meteorizacidn nf weathering | m. diferencial<br />

differential weathering | m. fisica mechanical<br />

weathering | m. mecanica mechanical<br />

weathering | m. (juimica chemical weathering<br />

meteorizado,-da adj weathered<br />

meteorizar vtr to weather<br />

metodo nm method, process | m. de encasdillado<br />

square setting | m. de los momentos method <strong>of</strong><br />

moments | m. de monte carlo monte carlo<br />

method<br />

meteoro nm meteor<br />

metro nm meter | m. cuadrado cubic meter | m.<br />

cubico cubic meter<br />

mezcla nf mixture, admixture, blend | mixing |<br />

melange<br />

mezclable adj miscible

---

mezclar vtr/pr to mix, admix<br />

mezcuitlatl nm opal<br />

miargirita nf miargyrite<br />

miarolitico,-ca adj miarolitic<br />

miascita nf miaskite (obs, nepheline syenite)<br />

mica nf mica | miner's term for small crystals <strong>of</strong><br />

pyrite | pyrrhotite | [Col] lead molybdate | m.<br />

blanca muscovite | m. caliza margarite | m. de<br />

litio lepidolite | m. dilatada expanded mica | m.<br />

ferrolttica zinnwaldite | m. negra biotite | m.<br />

parda phlogopite | m. potasica muscovite<br />

mica'ceo/-cea adj micaceous<br />

micacita nf mica schist<br />

mica-pizarra nf mica schist<br />

micasquisto nm mica schist<br />

micela nf micelle<br />

micra nf micron<br />

microbrecha nf microbreccia<br />

microcl£stico,-ca adj microclastic<br />

microclina nf microcline<br />

microclino nm microcline<br />

microcristalino adj microcrystalline<br />

microelemento nm trace element<br />

microestructura nf micros tincture<br />

micro-fildn nm veinlet, microvein<br />

micromilimetro nm micron<br />

mkrdnnm micron<br />

microperfil nf microlog<br />

micropertita nf microperthite<br />

micropliegue nf micr<strong>of</strong>old<br />

microregistro nm microlog<br />

microscopia nf microscopy<br />

microsc6pico,-ca adj microscopic<br />

microscopic nm microscope | m. binocular<br />

binocular microscope | m. estereoscopico<br />

stereroscopic microscope | m. polarizante<br />

polarizing microscope<br />

microsismico,-ca adj microseismic<br />

microsismo nm microseism<br />

miche nm [Fresnillo, Mex] a ore <strong>of</strong> argentiferous<br />

galena, sphalerite and pyrite | [Santa Cruz de<br />

A lay a, Mex] any black amorphous mineral<br />

found in veins<br />

miembro nm member<br />

migmatita nf migmatite<br />

migmatizacidn nf migmatization<br />

migracidn nf migration | m. de los continentes<br />

continental drift | m. primaria primary<br />

migration | m. secundaria secondary migration<br />

milibarnm millibar<br />

miligramo nm milligram<br />

M-5<br />

mililitro nm milliliter<br />

milimetro nm millimeter<br />

milonita nf mylonite<br />

milonitizacidn nf mylonitization<br />

milla nf mile<br />

milldn nm [Mex] an ore pile<br />

mimatesa nf mimetite<br />

mimetita nf mimetite<br />

mimetesita nf mimetite<br />

mimetismo nm mimetism<br />

mina nf mine | mineral deposit | ore | spring |<br />

m, ahogada [Col] placer mine covered by an<br />

active landslide | m. alt a [Col] placer mine<br />

situated above available water | m. amparada<br />

mine maintained in posession by paying the<br />

necessary fees but not necessarily worked | m.<br />

antigua mine worked in Indian or <strong>Spanish</strong><br />

colonial times | m. aunfera graphic tellurium |<br />

m. baja [Col] placer mine situated below<br />

available water | m. capotera [Col] shallow<br />

placer | m. cateada mining claim explored by<br />

catas or shallow shafts or pits | m. ciega [Bol]<br />

abandoned working | m. cogollera [Col] mine<br />

which was pr<strong>of</strong>itable when worked at the<br />

surface but became unpr<strong>of</strong>itable once workings<br />

were extended underground | m. colindante<br />

adjacent or bordering mine | m. de aluvion<br />

placer | m. de arena sand pit | m. de balasto<br />

ballast pit | m. de bronce bell-metal ore | m. de<br />

cacho [Col] placer mine where boulders are<br />

small enough to be removed by hand | m. de<br />

capacho [Col] mine with spotty mineralization |<br />

m. de cerro [Col] mine on a hill top where water<br />

is scarce | m. de cueva [Col] placer covered by<br />

large boulders | m. degrava gravel pit | m. de<br />

invierno [Col] placer mine that can only be<br />

worked during the rainy season | m. de saca<br />

[Col] placer mine that must be continuously<br />

dewatered to be worked | m. de verano [Col]<br />

mine that can only be worked during dry<br />

season | m. despilado mine robbed <strong>of</strong> its pillars<br />

| m. en labor working mine | m. hervida [Col]<br />

pay-dirt in a pothole | m. hullera coal mine | m.<br />

jornalera [Col] mine which covers costs but<br />

yields little pr<strong>of</strong>it | m. tonga mine that can be<br />

drained by gravity | m. de tope [Col] mine<br />

where gold is found in shoots but is otherwise<br />

barren | m. de transilvania graphic tellurium<br />

minado nm underground working, mining |<br />

mine working<br />

minador,-dora adj mining | nm miner

---

minal adj pertaining to a mine<br />

minar vtr to mine, undermine<br />

minera nf mine<br />

mineraje nm mining<br />

mineral adj mineral, ore<br />

mineral nm mineral, ore | spring | mine |<br />

mining district | m. ala vista ore in sight | m.<br />

accesorio accessory mineral | [Mex]<br />

independent rural town whose principal<br />

activity was mining | m. arrancado broken ore<br />

| m. bajo de ley low grade ore | m. beneficiable<br />

pay ore | m. calido [Ch] silver ore suitable for<br />

amalgamation by the tina process | m. de<br />

acarreo secondary ore | m. de alia ley high grade<br />

ore | m. de azogue ore amenable to<br />

amalgamation with mercury | m. de contacto<br />

contact mineral | m. de coral cinnabar<br />

contaminated by organic matter | m. de maquila<br />

custom ore | m. de montana ore disseminated in<br />

country rock (generally uneconomic) | m.<br />

desmenuzado fine-grained ore | m. en rueda<br />

bournonite | m. filoniano gangue mineral | m.<br />

gongorado [Col] vuggy ore | m. graso rich ore |<br />

m. guia type mineral | m. indice index mineral |<br />

m. intacto ore in place | m. neumatolitico<br />

pneumatolytic mineral | m. pesado heavy<br />

mineral | m. piritoso pyritic ore | m. pobre low<br />

grade ore | m. poroso honeycombed ore | m.<br />

recurrente \ m. tipomorfo typomorphic mineral |<br />

m. verde de plomo pyromorphite<br />

mineralizacidn nf mineralization<br />

mineralizador,-dora adj mineralizing<br />

mineralizar vtr to mineralize<br />

mineralogia nf mineralogy<br />

mineraldgico,-ca adj mineralogical<br />

mineralogista nm or/ mineralogist<br />

mineraloide nm mineraloid<br />

mineria nf art and science <strong>of</strong> mining | mining |<br />

m. chica small mines | m. hidrdulica hydraulic<br />

mining, hydraulicking | m. mediana medium-<br />

size mines | m. pequena small mines | gran m.<br />

large mines<br />

minero,-ra adj mineral | mining, pertaining to<br />

mining | economia minera mineral economics<br />

minero nm miner | mine | mineral deposit |<br />

[Bol, Pe] mine owner | [Potosi, Bol] mine<br />

foreman<br />

mineta nf little mine | minette<br />

minga nm [Bol, Pe] hired Indian labor (this<br />

should not be construed as indication that<br />

mingas were free laborers since most were<br />

M-6<br />

employed to pay <strong>of</strong>f debts owed to their<br />

employers or were obliged to work on behalf<br />

<strong>of</strong> their kurakas with their pay being used by<br />

the kuraka to make payments in lieu <strong>of</strong> sending<br />

mitayos to the mines) | m. repasiri Indian hired<br />

to mix, ladle and trod ore in the patio process<br />

<strong>of</strong> amalgamation <strong>of</strong> silver ores<br />

minimo nm cut-<strong>of</strong>f<br />

minio nm minium, red lead<br />

minutas nfpl survey notes<br />

mioceno,-na adj Miocene | nm Miocene<br />

mioce'nico,-ca adj Miocene<br />

miogeosinclinal nm miogeosyncline<br />

mira nf rod | m. de nivelacion levelling rod | m.<br />

taquimetrica stadia rod<br />

misisipiano,-na adj Mississippian<br />

misisipico,-ca adj Mississippian<br />

mispiquel nm mispickel, arsenopyrite<br />

mita nm Quechua word for "turn" which in the<br />

time <strong>of</strong> the Incas referred to a period <strong>of</strong><br />

mandatory public service; under the <strong>Spanish</strong><br />

this evolved into the mita minera, a system <strong>of</strong><br />

forced labor in the mines <strong>of</strong> Potosi, Cerro de<br />

Pasco and elsewhere in what is now Bolivia<br />

and Peru | [Bol] a day's work | m. mortiri<br />

service tending stamp mills used to crush<br />

silver ore | m. nueva a new system <strong>of</strong> forced<br />

labor set up by the Codigo Carolina in 1792<br />

under regulations intended to improve the<br />

conditions under which mitayos served<br />

mitayo nm Indian serving his mita<br />

mixtura nf mixture, blend<br />

moco nm iron scoria, slag | m. de hierro [El<br />

Caratal, Vz] brown iron ore, occuring as<br />

ferruginous conglomerate, sandstone, breccia<br />

or pisolitic iron ore and is considered to be an<br />

indicator <strong>of</strong> gold mineralization<br />

mocoruna nm Indian serving his first mita in a<br />

mine, i.e. a "greenhorn"<br />

mocheta blanca nf [Pachuca, Mex] rhyolitic tuff<br />

used as building stone<br />

mocheta morada w/[Pachuca, Mex] dacite used<br />

as building stone<br />

moda nf mode<br />

modelo nm model | m. aleatorio random model<br />

| m. de crecimiento growth model | m.<br />

determinista deterministic model | m. estocastico<br />

stochastic model<br />

modo nm mode, manner | m. deyacer mode <strong>of</strong><br />

occurrence<br />

modulo nm modulus | m. de precion modulus <strong>of</strong>

---

precision | m. de volumen bulk modulus | m. de<br />

Young Young modulus<br />

mo feta nf m<strong>of</strong>ette<br />

mogote nm [Pe] surficial, outcropping portion <strong>of</strong><br />

an ore deposit<br />

mogrollo nm [Me"x] silver sulfide ore<br />

mojtin nm claim corner, monument<br />

mojona nf land survey<br />

mojonamiento nm monumentation<br />

mojonar vtr to set monuments<br />

mol nm mole<br />

molaridad nf molarity<br />

molasa nf limey sandstone | molasse<br />

molde nf mold | m. de carga load mold<br />

moldura de rompiente nf cove<br />

mole nm large mass <strong>of</strong> rock | [chem] mole |<br />

[Col] galena | ores or concentrates consisting<br />

mostly <strong>of</strong> galena<br />

molecula nf molecule<br />

moledor nm grinder, mill<br />

moledora nf grinder, mill<br />

molejdn nm [Cuba] reef | ridge <strong>of</strong> rock<br />

moler vtr to grind, comminute<br />

molibdato nm molybdate<br />

molibdenita nf molybdenite<br />

molibdeno nm molybdenum<br />

molienda nf grinding, crushing | m. con pisones<br />

stamp milling<br />

molinera nf [Sierra Almagrera, Sp] siderite<br />

molino nm mill | ore sent to a mill | [Col]<br />

alluvial material that collects in a ground sluice<br />

| m. glaciar ice mill | m. de mazos stamp mill<br />

molonque nm [Mex] silver ore in which silver<br />

sulfides predominate over gangue | m.<br />

relumbroso stephanite<br />

moloquita nf dull green variety <strong>of</strong> agate<br />

monacita nf monazite<br />

monoclinal nm monocline<br />

monoclinico,-ca adj monoclinic<br />

montana nf mountain | country rock | m. de<br />

cobijadura overthrust mountain | m. de<br />

plegamiento folded mountain | m. troncal<br />

truncated upland<br />

monte nm mountain | m. isla \ m. residual<br />

monadnock<br />

montera nf outcrop | [Huelva, Sp] gossan |<br />

overburden on placer deposits<br />

montiano,-na adj Montian<br />

monticelita nf monticellite<br />

montfculo nm hillock, monticule<br />

montiense adj Montian<br />

M-7<br />

montmorillonita nf montmorillonite<br />

montdn nm heap or pile | pile <strong>of</strong> ore | [Me"x] a<br />

measure <strong>of</strong> weight | [Col] irregular deposit |<br />

m. acostada stratiform deposit | m. estrelazado<br />

or estoverca stockwork | m. redo a wide vein<br />

connecting stratiform and non-stratiform<br />

deposits<br />

morado,-da adj violet, purple<br />

morallidn nf [Col] an inferior emerald<br />

morena nf moraine | m. basal ground moraine |<br />

m. central medial moraine | m. de ablacion<br />

ablation moraine | m. defondo ground moraine,<br />

basal moraine | m. de kames kame moraine | m.<br />

depositada deposited moraine | m. interna<br />

ground moraine | m. en movimiento moving<br />

moraine | m. frontal terminal moraine | m.<br />

lateral lateral moraine | m. superior surface<br />

moraine | m. terminal end or terminal moraine<br />

morenico,-ca adj morainic, morainal<br />

moreno,-na adj brown<br />

morfoestructural adj morphostructural<br />

morfogenesis nf morphogenesis<br />

morfografia nf morphography<br />

morfologia nf morphology<br />

morfotectdnica nf morphotectonics<br />

moro,-ra adj color <strong>of</strong> red wine<br />

moromoro nm [Moquegua, Pe] argillaceous rock<br />

morrillo nm cobble, boulder<br />

morro nm a conical or pyramidal hill<br />

mortiri nm an Indian serving his mita tending<br />

stamps used to crush silver ore<br />

mosca nf [Mex] spot <strong>of</strong> black ore, usually silver<br />

sulfide, in quartz matrix<br />

mosornm monadnock<br />

mosqueado,-da adj spotted<br />

moteado,-da adj mottled<br />

movilizacidn nf mobilization<br />

movimiento nm movement | m. bascular<br />

oscillation | m. de masas mass movement | m.<br />

epirogenetico epirogenetic movement | m.<br />

eustdtico eustatic movement | m. orogenetico<br />

orogenesis<br />

moya nf volcanic clay<br />

muela nf hillock<br />

muera nf salt-water or brine<br />

muestra nf sample | specimin | m. alzada a mano<br />

grab sample | m. de pared core sample | m.<br />

sesgada biased sample<br />

muestrador nm sampler | m. de nucleos core<br />

sampler | m. de testigos core sampler<br />

muestrario nm sampling by core drilling

---

muestreo nm sampling multicolinealidad nf multicollinearity<br />

muestro nm sampling | m. multiple multiple or multicolor adj multicolored<br />

repetitive sampling | m. secuendal sequential munon nm mullion<br />

sampling muro nm sole | footwall | m. colgante hanging<br />

mulata n/[Col] well rounded quartz grains that wall<br />

accompany gold in placers muscovita nf muscovite<br />

mulato nm dark green or coppery green silver muy minado,-da adj honeycombed or dog holed<br />

ore | [Pe] silver oxysulfide ore | [Atacama, with workings<br />

Ch] silver sulfide ore below paco and above<br />

negrillo<br />

M-8

---

N<br />

nadi nm [Ch] broad, shallow swamp<br />

nakha nf finely crushed concentrates<br />

nato,-ta adj flattened (topography)<br />

nuzco nm [Pe] small coal | [Hualgayoc, Pe] ore<br />

spalled to the size <strong>of</strong> a walnut<br />

N-l

---

N<br />

nacarado,-da adj pearly, nacreous<br />

nacarar vtr to give a pearly luster to<br />

nacarita nf kaolinite<br />

naciente nm rising | east | nmpl headwaters |<br />

[Col] outcroppings<br />

nacimiento nm spring or source | headwaters |<br />

n. de un rfo head <strong>of</strong> a river<br />

nafta nf crude oil (obs) \ naptha | [Arg] gasoline<br />

| [Vz] high octane gasoline<br />

naftalina nf naphthalene<br />

nafteina nf naphthine (a fossil wax)<br />

naftina nf napthene<br />

nagiagita nf nagyagite<br />

naife nm uncut diamond<br />

namaqualita nf cyanotrichite<br />

namuriano,-na adj Namurian<br />

namurense adj Namurian | nm Namurian<br />

nan<strong>of</strong>dsil nf nann<strong>of</strong>ossil<br />

nanosegundo nm nanosecond<br />

nantoquita nf nantokite<br />

napa nf plate | aquifer | n. artesiana artesian<br />

aquifer | n. cautiva confined groundwater | n.<br />

colgada perched aquifer | n. de agua subterrdnea<br />

water table | n. rebajada lowered groundwater<br />

napoleanita nf corsite<br />

naranja adj orange | n. claro light orange<br />

nari nf nari (par <strong>of</strong> caliche)<br />

nariz nf nose (<strong>of</strong> a fold)<br />

narria nf a type <strong>of</strong> sledge<br />

nata nf slag | [Mex] litharge<br />

nativo,-va adj native<br />

natroborocalcita nf ulexite<br />

natr<strong>of</strong>ilita nf natrophilite<br />

natr<strong>of</strong>osfato nm natrophosphate<br />

navaja nf pocket knife<br />

nebraskiense adj Nebraskan<br />

nefelina nf nepheline<br />

nefelinita nf nephelinite<br />

nefelinitoide nm nephelinitoid<br />

nefelino nm nepheline<br />

nefelita nf nepheline<br />

nefeloideoJ/ nepheloid<br />

nefinolito nm nephinolith<br />

nefrita nf jade, nephrite | nephritoid<br />

nefritico,-ca adj jade, nephritic<br />

negativo,-va adj negative<br />

negrillo nm native silver black in color |<br />

stephanite | dark colored copper-silver ore |<br />

N-l<br />

[Arg, Mex] argentite | [Bol, Ch] complex silver<br />

sulfarsenate and antimonate ore | [Caracoles,<br />

Ch] complex sulfiodide-sulfchloride-sulfide-<br />

carbonate silver-lead ore | [Huelva, Sp] copper<br />

rich ore | [Hualg£yoc, Pe] dark mixture <strong>of</strong><br />

copper, iron and manganese oxides<br />

negro,-ra adj black | nm black | [Ch, Pe] dark<br />

colored caliche | [Guadalcazar, Mex] lead-<br />

grey, hepatic cinnabar | [Mex] silver-rich<br />

tetrahedrite | [Me"x] sulphuretted silver ore<br />

[Fresnillo, Mex] finely disseminated native<br />

silver and argentite in a pyrite matrix |<br />

[Charcas, Me"x] silver ore consisting <strong>of</strong><br />

sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, and<br />

chalcopyrite | n. de carbono carbon black | n .de<br />

humo lamp black | n. de plomo graphite<br />

negro-negro nm [Col] a black micaceous schist<br />

that hosts weathered out and hence barren<br />

silver veins<br />

negrueco,-ca adj blackish, darkish<br />

neis nm gneiss | n. agmatitico agmatic gneiss |<br />

n. de ojos augen gneiss | n. filoniano aldergneiss<br />

| n. glandular augen gneiss<br />

ne"isico,-ca adj gneissic<br />

nematoblastico,-ca adj nematoblastic<br />

Nemausense nm Nemausian, Valanginien<br />

neme nm [Col] manganese oxide<br />

neoautdctono nm neoautochthon<br />

neoblasto nm neoblast<br />

neoceno,-na adj Neogene<br />

Nedcico nm Neocomian<br />

neocomiano,-na adj Neocomian<br />

neocomiense adj Neocomian | nm Neocomian<br />

neocristalizacidn nf neocrystallization<br />

neocristico,-ca adj neocryst<br />

neocristo nm neocryst<br />

neodimio nm neodymium<br />

neoespato nm neospar<br />

ne<strong>of</strong>ormacion nf neogenesis<br />

neogenico,-ca adj neogenic<br />

nedgeno,-na adj Neogene | nm Neogene<br />

neoglaciacidn nf neoglaciation<br />

neohexano nm neohexane<br />

neomineralizacidn nf neomineralization<br />

neomorfismo nm neomorphism<br />

neoporfiritico,-ca adj neoporphyritic<br />

neosomo nm neosome<br />

neotectonico,-ca adj neotectonic | nm<br />

neotectonics<br />

neotipo nm neotype<br />

neovolcanico,-ca adj neovolcanic

---

neozoico,-ca adj Quaternary<br />

neptunio nm neptunium<br />

neritico,-ca adj neritic<br />

nerviense ad;' Nervian | nm Nervian<br />

nes<strong>of</strong>itico,-ca adj diabasic, nesophitic<br />

nesosilicato nm nesosilicate<br />

neudeckense adj Neudeckian | nm Neudeckian<br />

neumatdgeno,-na adj pneumatolytic<br />

neumatolitico,-ca adj pneumatolytic<br />

neumatolosis nf pneumatolysis<br />

neutroviscoso,-sa adj viscous neutral<br />

neuvizense adj Oxfordian | nm Oxfordian<br />

nevadiense adj Nevadan<br />

nevado adj snow-covered | nm firnfield, neV£ |<br />

snowcapped mountain, mountain with<br />

perpetual snow<br />

nevero nm perrenial snowcap or snowfield<br />

neviza nf f irn, nev£<br />

niagariense adj Niagaran<br />

nicle nm a var <strong>of</strong> chalcedony with some bands<br />

darker than others<br />

nicol nm nicol | nicoles cruzados crossed nicols<br />

nicolita nf niccolite, nicolite, nickeline<br />

nicopirita nf pentlandite<br />

nicho nm niche | n. de nwacion nivation hollow<br />

| n. de rompiente [geomorph] cove<br />

nidada or nida de oro nf nest <strong>of</strong> gold<br />

nido nm pocket (<strong>of</strong> ore) | nest (<strong>of</strong> minerals)<br />

niega nf [Cartagena, Sp] sterile portion <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

nieve nf snow | n. penitente penitent, sun spike<br />

| n. pulverulenta powdery snow<br />

nife nm earth's inner core, nife, sial<br />

nifesima nf earth's inner core<br />

nikel nm nickel<br />

niobio nm niobium<br />

niob<strong>of</strong>ilita nf niobophyllite<br />

niquel nm nickel | nickel ore | n. arsenical<br />

niccolite | n. blanco chloanthite | n.-hierro<br />

nickel-iron<br />

niquelhexahidrita nf nickelhexahydrite<br />

niquelifero,-ra adj nickel-bearing, nickeliferous<br />

niquelina nf nickeline, niccolite<br />

niquelocre nm annabergite<br />

nitral nm nitrate bed or deposit | nitrate works<br />

nitratina nf soda niter, nitratite, caliche<br />

nitratita nf soda niter, nitratite, caliche<br />

nitrato nm nitrate | n. de amonio ammonium<br />

nitrate | n. de chile saltpeter | n. de potasio<br />

potassium nitrate | n. de sodio sodium nitrate |<br />

n. sodico sodium nitrate<br />

nitrera nf nitrate bed or deposit | nitrate works<br />

N-2<br />

nitreria nf niter bed | nitrate reduction works<br />

nitrico/-ca adj nitric<br />

nitrificacidn nf nitrification<br />

nitro nm nitrate | niter, saltpeter | n. de chile<br />

soda niter | n. potdsico potash niter | n. sodico<br />

soda niter<br />

nitrdgeno nm nitrogen<br />

nitroso,-sa adj nitrous<br />

nitruro nm nitride<br />

nivacidn nf nivation<br />

nivel nm level, height | level (tool) |<br />

[Santander, Sp] bed <strong>of</strong> calamine, worked as<br />

benches in a quarry | n. de agrimensor<br />

surveyor's level | n. de(l) agua water level | n.<br />

de agua fredtica water table | n. de arrastre<br />

haulage level | n. de base base level | n. de<br />

burbuja spirit level | n. de confianza confidence<br />

level | n. de creciente flood water level | n. de<br />

erosion \ n. de la galena adit level | n. de<br />

explotadon working level | n. de extraccion<br />

hoisting level, winding level | n. defluido fluid<br />

level (in a well) | n. de la napa fredtica phreatic<br />

water level | n. de rebanada slice level | n. de<br />

saturacion level <strong>of</strong> saturation | n. de suelo<br />

ground level | n. del mar sea level | n. esferico<br />

spherical level | n. estdtico static water level |<br />

n. estructural structural stage | n. fondo grade<br />

level | n. fredtico water table | n. hidrdulico<br />

level <strong>of</strong> saturation | n. hidrostdtico<br />

(ground)water level | hydrostatic level | n.<br />

iluvial illuvial horizon | n. inferior lower level |<br />

n. intermediario Intermediate level | n.<br />

intermedia blind level | n. media del mar mean<br />

sea level | n. paralelo parallel heading | n.<br />

piezometrico hydraulic gradient | piezometric<br />

level | n. principal Main level | n. superior<br />

upper level | al mismo n. at the same level | al<br />

n. de on a level with | a n. level<br />

nivelacidn nf leveling, aplanation<br />

nivelador,-dora adj levelling | nm or nf leveller<br />

nivelar vtr to level, survey (topographic<br />

mapping)<br />

niveles nmpl water-bearing strata<br />

niveleta nf levelling staff<br />

no alterado,-da adj unaltered<br />

no asfaltico,-ca adj nonasphaltic<br />

nobelio nm nobelium<br />

nobleza nf richness (<strong>of</strong> ore)<br />

nocerita nf fluoborite<br />

no concordancia nf nonconformity<br />

nochistle nm [M£x] chalcopyrite | [Tasco, M£x]

---

proustite<br />

nddulo nm nodule | [Col] ore shoot | n.<br />

ferruginoso ferruginous nodule | n. ferrtfero ball<br />

ironstone<br />

noduloso,-sa adj nodular<br />

no estratificado,-da adj unstratified<br />

no explorado,-da adj unexplored<br />

no explotado,-da adj unexploited, unworked<br />

no ferroso,-sa adj nonferrous<br />

no indurado,-da adj not indurated<br />

noli nm [Col] antimony oxysulphide derived by<br />

oxidation <strong>of</strong> stibnite<br />

no metalico nm nonmetallic<br />

nomogramo nm nomograph<br />

no polar adj non-polar<br />

noque nm [Ch] large stone receptacle for<br />

calicining ores | stone through which amalgam<br />

is washed in the patio process | [Pe] canvas<br />

sack used to recover mercury from amalgam<br />

nordfieldita nf esmeraldite<br />

no renewable adj nonrenewable<br />

norfolkense adj Norfolk | nm Norfolk<br />

noriano,-na adj Norain<br />

norienseo^y Norian<br />

norilsquita nf norilskite<br />

norma nf norm | pattern<br />

normalization nf normalization<br />

normalizar vtr to normalize (math)<br />

normativo,-va adj normative<br />

norte nm north | n. de brujula compass north | n<br />

magnetico magnetic north | «. verdadero true<br />

N-3<br />

north<br />

northfieldita nf esmeraldite<br />

noseanolito nm noseanolith<br />

nosena nf nosean, noselite<br />

Notosilopeano nm [Patagonia, Arg] a local age<br />

at the base <strong>of</strong> the Miocene<br />

novaculitico,-ca adj novaculitic<br />

novato nf worker with no experience in drilling<br />

wells, "boll weevil"<br />

nube nm cloud | n. ardiente ash flow | n. de<br />

cenizas ash cloud<br />

nucleo nm nucleus | core | [Rio Tinto, Sp]<br />

nodule <strong>of</strong> copper ore | n. antiguo shield | n.<br />

atomico atomic nucleus | n. de la tierra earth's<br />

core | n. de pliegue arch core | «. del sinclinal<br />

trough core | n. mineralizado ore shoot | n.<br />

terrestre earth's core | n. testigo drill core<br />

nucleogenesis nf nucleogenesis<br />

nudo nm kink | knot <strong>of</strong> ore, etc. | junction <strong>of</strong><br />

two mountain ranges<br />

nudoso,-sa adj knotty, bunchy<br />

nuevita nf samarskite<br />

nuevoleoniense adj Nuevoleonian<br />

numerico,-ca adj numerical<br />

numero nm number | n. al azar random number<br />

| n. atomico atomic number | n. de octano<br />

octane number<br />

numulitico,-ca adj Paleogene<br />

nusco nm [Amazonas, Pe] gold-bearing iron and<br />

manganese oxide-talc-quartz ore

---

o<br />

obducidn nf obduction<br />

obispo nm [Calif] condensed oil extracted from<br />

some crude oils | [Ch] caliche with a purplish<br />

hue<br />

objective nm objective, objective lens<br />

oblicuo,-cua adj oblique<br />

oblongo,-ga adj oblong<br />

obra nf work, labor | piece <strong>of</strong> work | obra de<br />

desfrute workings in ore | obra muerta dead<br />

workings, workings in barren rock<br />

obiador nm workman, labororer<br />

obradora w/[Mex] rock that breaks easily (o.<br />

buena) or or with difficulty (o. mala) when<br />

worked<br />

obrajero nm foreman, overseer<br />

obrero nm worker, laborer | o. minero Mine<br />

worker | o. sondista roughneck<br />

obrizo,-za adj pure, refined<br />

obrizo nm fine gold<br />

obsecuente adj obsequent<br />

observacidn nf remark | observation |<br />

observaciones aparejadas paired observations<br />

observado,-da adj observed<br />

obsidiana nf obsidian | o. de penjamo a var <strong>of</strong><br />

obsidian highly valued by natives <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />

obsidianita nf obsidianite (obs tektite)<br />

obsta'culo intermedio nm stable zone between<br />

mobile belts<br />

obstruido,-da adj obstructed | [Bol] blocked out<br />

(ore)<br />

obturacidn nf obturation, filling<br />

obtuscingulo nm obtuse angle<br />

obtuso,-sa adj obtuse<br />

occidental adj occidental, <strong>of</strong> inferior quality<br />

(gems)<br />

ocelaradj ocellar<br />

ocelo nm ocellus<br />

odusidn nf occlusion, absorption<br />

ocre adj ocherous | nm ocher | o. almagro red<br />

ocher | o. amarillo (de hierro) yellow ocher,<br />

limonite | o. antimonial antimony ocher,<br />

stibconite, cervantite | o. azul blue ocher,<br />

azurite | o. Colorado red ocher | o. de antimonio<br />

antimony ocher | o. de Armenia a dark red clay<br />

from Lemnos, Greece | o. de bucares an orange-<br />

red ocher from Portugal | o. de cobre malachite<br />

| o. de hierro paint rock | o. de manganeso wad |<br />

o. de montana red ocher | o. de niquel<br />

O-l<br />

annabergite | o. de plomo cerussite | o. de<br />

tungsteno tungstite | o. marcial limonite | o.<br />

negro wad | o. plomifero massicot, litharge | o.<br />

rojo red ocher | o. tungsteno tungstite,<br />

ferrotungstite<br />

ocroita nf cerite<br />

ocrolita nf nadorite<br />

octaedrico,-ca adj octahedral<br />

octaedrita nf octahedrite (meteorite) | anatase<br />

(mineral)<br />

octaedro nm octahedron<br />

octafilita nf octaphyllite<br />

octano m octane<br />

oculto,-ta adj occult<br />

ochava nf two adarmes or 72 granos<br />

ochoenseadj Ochoan<br />

ochran nm [Oravieza, Sp] a yellow clay<br />

oerstedio nm oersted<br />

<strong>of</strong>icalcita nf ophicalcite<br />

<strong>of</strong>icarbonato nm ophicarbonate<br />

<strong>of</strong>icina nf[Pe, Ch] nitrate works | [Me"x]<br />

furnace used to retort mercury | o. de beneficio<br />

mill | o. de concentration concentrator | o. de<br />

fundicion smelter<br />

<strong>of</strong>iolita nf ophiolite<br />

<strong>of</strong>iolftico,-ca adj ophiolitic<br />

<strong>of</strong>ita adj ophite<br />

<strong>of</strong>itico,-ca adj ophitic<br />

ohmio nm ohm<br />

oikocristnm oikocryst<br />

oitava nf [Me"x] a weight <strong>of</strong> approximately 17.5<br />

carats<br />

ojiva nf ogive<br />

ojo nm small irregular bunch <strong>of</strong> ore | (SWUS)<br />

very small lake, pond | o. de agua spring<br />

discharging on a plain | o. de gato cat's eye, a<br />

variety <strong>of</strong> agate | o. de muerto [Cauca, Col] a<br />

porphyry with large white porphyroblasts | o.<br />

de pavo real a var marble | o. de perdiz finely-<br />

crystalline galena | o. de pescado a var <strong>of</strong><br />

apohyllite | o. de polvillo patch <strong>of</strong> rich ore | o.<br />

de tigre tiger's eye | o. de vibora [Zacatecas,<br />

M6c] yellow sphalerite | o. termal hot spring<br />

olefina nm olefin<br />

olenekiense adj Olenkian<br />

oleoducto nm pipeline<br />

Olenense nm Potsdam<br />

Olenidense nm Potsdam<br />

oligisto nm specular hematite | o. micaceo<br />

micaceous iron ore | o. rojo hematite<br />

oligocenico,-ca adj Oligocene

---

oligoceno,-na adj Oligocene | nm Oligocene<br />

oligoclasa nf oligoclase<br />

oligoclasita nf oligoclasite (obs, variety <strong>of</strong><br />

diorite)<br />

oligoelemento nm trace element<br />

olig<strong>of</strong>iro nm oligophyre (obs, variety <strong>of</strong> diorite)<br />

oligomictico/-ca adj oligomictic<br />

oligopelico,-ca adj oligopelic<br />

oligosita nf oligoclasite (obs, variety <strong>of</strong> diorite)<br />

oligotr<strong>of</strong>ia nf oligotrophy<br />

oligotr6fico,-ca adj oligotrophic<br />

olisoglifo nm olistoglyph<br />

olistrostroma nf olistrostrome<br />

olivina nf olivine impr<br />

olivinita nf olivinite<br />

olivino nm olivine<br />

olivinoide nm olivinoid<br />

olla nf whirlpool | [Mex] slag pot | [Sp] cirque<br />

| o. de gigante pot hole | o. de remolineo pot hole<br />

ollero nm [Mex] a worker who handles slag pots<br />

olleta nf [Antioqua, Col] pot-holes in bedrock <strong>of</strong><br />

placers<br />

olio de sapo nm [Sp] augengneiss<br />

ombrogenuo,-nua adj ombrogenous<br />

omfacita nf omphacite<br />

omisidn nf [strat] omission<br />

onda nf wave (electromagnetic or sonic) | o.<br />

acustica acoustic wave | o. de explosion<br />

detonation wave | o. longitudinal longitudinal<br />

wave | o. parasita de superficie ground roll | o.<br />

reflejada reflected wave | o. refractada refracted<br />

wave | o. sismica siesmic wave | o. sonora<br />

sound wave | o. superficial surface wave | o.<br />

transversal transverse wave | o. trasmisora<br />

carrier wave<br />

ondeanteod/ undulating<br />

dndula nf [ Arg] ripple | 6 descendente<br />

downslope ripple | 6 incompleta star ripple<br />

ondulacidn nf undulation | [Sp] ripple | ripple<br />

mark | o. asimetrica asymmetric ripple mark |<br />

o. conjugada compound ripple mark | o. de<br />

cauce ripple scour | o. de interferencia cross-<br />

ripple | o. de resaca backwash ripple mark | o.<br />

linguloide cuspate or linguloid ripple mark | o.<br />

simetrica symmetric ripple mark | o. transversa<br />

transverse ripple mark<br />

ondulado,-da adj undulate, undulated<br />

ondulante adj undulating<br />

ondulita nf [Arg] ripple mark | o. asimetrica<br />

asymmetric ripple mark | o. conjugada<br />

compound ripple mark | o. de cauce ripple<br />

O-2<br />

scour | o. de resaca backwash ripple mark | o.<br />

linguloide cuspate or linguloid ripple mark | o.<br />

simetrica symmetric ripple mark | o. transversa<br />

transverse ripple mark<br />

dnice nm onyx | 6. de Argelia calcite stalagtite or<br />

stalagmite<br />

dnique nm onyx<br />

6nix adj onyx | nm onyx | o. Mexicano alabaster<br />

onokoide nm onokoid<br />

onondagiense adj Onondagan<br />

Ontariano nm Ontarian<br />

onza nf ounce<br />

ooide nm ooid<br />

o<strong>of</strong>asmico,-ca adj oophasmic<br />

oolita nf oolite | o. ferrica oolitic iron ore,<br />

minette<br />

oolitico,-ca adj oolitic<br />

oolitizacidn nf oolithization<br />

oolito nm oolith<br />

oolitoide nm oolitoid<br />

ooloide nm ooloid<br />

oovoide nm oovoid<br />

opacidad nf opacity<br />

opacita nf opacite<br />

opaco,-ca adj opaque<br />

opalado,-da adj opalized<br />

opalescencia nf opalescence<br />

opalescente adj opalescent<br />

opalino,-na adj opalescent, opal, opaline | nf<br />

opaline<br />

opalizado,-da adj opalized<br />

dpalo nm opal | o. comun common opal | o. de<br />

fuego fire opal | o. de madera wood opal | o.<br />

dorado fire opal \ o. fino fine opal | o. jospeodo<br />

jaspopal | o. lechoso milk opal<br />

operario nm working miner<br />

operacidn nf operation<br />

operational adj [strat] operational<br />

operador,-dora nm/f operator<br />

opisometto nm opisometer<br />

opoca nf Opoka<br />

optaliov-ca adj optalic, caustic<br />

dptica nf optics | 6 critalogrdfica optical<br />

crystallography<br />

6ptico,-ca adj optic, optical<br />

optimacidn nf optimization | o. en la<br />

recuperadon de petroleo enhanced oil recovery<br />

opuesto,-ta adj opposite<br />

oquedad nf pore, cavity, vug | channel <strong>of</strong><br />

communication between orebodies<br />

orbiculo nm orbicule

---

drbita nf orbit<br />

orden nm order | o. de cristalizacian order <strong>of</strong><br />

crystallization<br />

ordenacidn nf [Sp] data processing<br />

Ordenanzas de Mineria nfpl mining laws<br />

introduced to Mexico in 1784 and remaining<br />

in effect until the codigo de minus <strong>of</strong> 1884<br />

Ordenanzas de Nueva Espana nfpl mining laws<br />

in force in Peru from 1786 to 1900<br />

Ordenanzas del Nuevo Cuaderno nfpl mining<br />

law established by King Phillip II <strong>of</strong> Spain<br />

ordonezita nf ordonezite<br />

Ordovicense nm Ordovician<br />

ordoviciano,-na adj Ordovician<br />

ordovicico,-ca adj Ordovician | nm Ordovician<br />

orelliense adj Orellan<br />

orfeita nf orpheite<br />

organal nm [Col] gold-bearing gravels<br />

intercalated with boulders and cobbles<br />

rendering exploitation difficult<br />

oig£nico,-ca adj organic<br />

oiganigrama nm chart<br />

organdgeno,-na adj organogenic<br />

oiganometalico,-ca adj organometallic<br />

oiganosedimentario,-ria adj organosedimentary<br />

orientacidn nf direction | orientation | o.<br />

preferencial preferred orientation<br />

oriental adj oriental, genuine (gems)<br />

orientacidn nf orientation<br />

orientado,-da adj oriented<br />

orientarpfr to orient<br />

oriente nm orient (gems)<br />

orificio nm opening<br />

orilla nf river bank | shore (sea or lake) | edge,<br />

side | selvage | rim | o. concava concave bank<br />

| o. convexa convex bank | o. de arcilla or de<br />

barro clay selvage | o. de deslizamiento landslide<br />

scar or terrace<br />

orillo nm selvage<br />

orin nm rust<br />

oriskaniense adj Oriskanian<br />

onto nm [Col] color, traces <strong>of</strong> gold found in a<br />

gold pan<br />

orizita nf epistilbite<br />

orla nf border, fringe | o. continental continental<br />

borderland | o. fredttea capillary fringe<br />

» a nm gold | o. argental copper-bearing<br />

eiectrum | o. bajo gold ore <strong>of</strong> low grade | o.<br />

batito beaten gold | o. blanco white gold | o.<br />

blanco de Colombia amalgam | o. bruto gold<br />

bullion | o. corrida [Ch] placer gold | o. crespo<br />

O-3<br />

[Col] distal placer gold | o. cristalizado natural<br />

crystal <strong>of</strong> gold | o. de aluvian placer gold | o. de<br />

barranca [Col] gold from the cerros <strong>of</strong> Santa<br />

Rosa | o. de escama [Col] spangle gold | o. de<br />

espuma [Col] float gold | o. de gato (de los gatos)<br />

biotite with a gold-like or metallic color, fool's<br />

gold | o. de lavadero gold that can be panned or<br />

washed | o. de ley fine gold | o. de molino gold<br />

obtained in trunking | o. de monte [Col] gold<br />

from the mines <strong>of</strong> Angostura, Antioquia (distal<br />

placer gold deposits) | o. de Nagyag nagyagite<br />

| o. de recogida [Col] a lot <strong>of</strong> gold obtained from<br />

several mines | o. de veta vein gold | o.<br />

empolvado gold dust | o. en barras gold bullion<br />

| o. en hojas gold leaf | o. en panes gold leaf j o.<br />

en pasta gold bullion | o, en polvo gold dust | o.<br />

filoniano vein gold | o. fino [Col] distal placer<br />

gold | o. greda [Vz] placer gold | o. guantn gold<br />

under legal standard | o. libre free gold | o.<br />

mate unpolished gold | o. molido a mono gold<br />

obtained by hand grinding | o. moscorr<strong>of</strong>io<br />

[Col] wire gold found in placers | o. nativo<br />

native gold | o. negro [Vz] gold covered by iron<br />

oxide and organic matter which will not<br />

amalgamate | o. nino [Col] float gold | o.<br />

paradojico native tellurium | o. puro fine gold |<br />

o. refinado refined gold | o. verde gold <strong>of</strong> a<br />

greenish color | o. virgen gold bullion<br />

oroclino nm orocline<br />

orocr£tico,-ca adj orocratic<br />

oroche nm [Mex] bullion containing both gold<br />

and silver | o. natural electrum<br />

orogennra erogenic belt<br />

orogenesis nm mountain building, orogenesis,<br />

orogeny<br />

orogene>tico,-ca adj orogenetic<br />

orogenia nf mountain building, orogenesis,<br />

orogeny<br />

orogenico,-ca adj erogenic<br />

ordgeno nm erogenic belt, orogen<br />

orogeosinclinal nm orogeosyncline<br />

orografia nf orography<br />

orogr£fico,-ca adj orographic<br />

orometria nf orometry<br />

oropimente nm orpiment<br />

oropidn nf a s<strong>of</strong>t, brown or reddish black clay<br />

oroseita nf iddingsite<br />

ortita nf orthite, allanite<br />

ortoanfibol nm orthoamphibole<br />

ortoandesita nf orthoandesite (obs,<br />

orthopyroxene andesite)

---

ortobituminoso,-sa adj orthobituminous<br />

ortobromita nf embolite<br />

ortocaliza nf ortholimestone<br />

ortoclasa nf orthoclase<br />

ortoclasita nf orthoclasite (obs, granite, syenite)<br />

ortoclino nf orthocline<br />

ortodorita nf orthoclorite<br />

ortoconglomerado nm orthoconglomerate<br />

ortocronologia nf orthocronology<br />

ortocrisotil nm orthchrysotile<br />

ortocuarcita nf orthoquartzite<br />

ortocuarcitico,-ca adj orthoquartzitic<br />

ortodolomia nf orthodolostone<br />

orto-eje nm orthoaxis<br />

ortoesquisto nm orthoschist<br />

ortoestratigrafia nf orthostratigraphy<br />

ort<strong>of</strong>elsita nf orthophyre<br />

ort<strong>of</strong>irico,-ca adj orthophyric<br />

ortdfiro nm orthophyre (obs)<br />

ortogeosinclinal nm orthogeosyncline<br />

ortogneisnm orthogneiss<br />

ortogonal adj orthagonal<br />

ortogra'fico,-ca adj orthographic<br />

ortogranito nm kaligranite<br />

ortohidrico/-ca adj orthohydrous<br />

ortolignitico,-ca adj ortholigneous<br />

ortomagma'tico,-ca adj orthomagmatic<br />

ortomaimdl nm orthomarble<br />

ortomatriz nf orthomatrix<br />

ortome*trico/-ca adj orthometric<br />

ortomimico,-ca adj orthomimic<br />

ortom6rfico,-ca adj orthomorphic, conformal<br />

ortomorfismo nf orthomorphism, conformality<br />

ortoneis nf orthogneiss<br />

ortopiroxenita nf orthopyroxenite<br />

ortopiroxeno nm orthopyroxene<br />

ortorroca nf orthorock<br />

ortorr6mbico,-ca adj orthorhombic<br />

ortosa nf orthoclase | o. descompuesta kaolinized<br />

orthoclase | o. sodica sanidine<br />

ortosilicato nm orthosilicate<br />

ortosita nf orthosite<br />

ortotectico,-ca adj magmatic<br />

ortotectordsmo nm orthotectonics, alpinotype<br />

tectonics<br />

oruga nf bulldozer, caterpillar tractor, "cat"<br />

oscilacidn nf oscillation<br />

oscilartrfr to oscillate<br />

0-4<br />

osificacidn nf ossification<br />

osificar vtr to ossify<br />

osificarse vpr to become ossified<br />

osipita nf ossipite (obs, var <strong>of</strong> troctolite)<br />

osmio nm osmium<br />

osmiridio nm osmiridium<br />

ostra'codo nm ostracod<br />

otajanita nf ottajanite (obs, leucite trachybasalt)<br />

oul<strong>of</strong>olita nf oul<strong>of</strong>olite, cave flower<br />

ovillo nm skein | en forma de o. tangle-shaped,<br />

tangled-up<br />

ovoide adj ovoid, oviform, egg-shaped<br />

ovoideo,-da adj ovoid, oviform, egg-shaped<br />

oviforme adj oviform, ovoid, egg-shaped<br />

oxalita nf humboldtine<br />

oxamita nf oxammite<br />

oxfordiano,-na adj Oxford ian<br />

oxfordenseadj Oxfordian | nm Oxford ian<br />

oxibasi<strong>of</strong>itico/-ca adj oxybasiophitic<br />

oxicloruro nm oxychloride | o. de cobre<br />

atacamite<br />

oxidacidn nf oxidation, oxidizing<br />

oxidadante adj oxidizing<br />

oxidarirfr to oxidize<br />

oxidate nm oxidate<br />

oxidita nf oxidite, shale-ball<br />

dxido nm oxide | 6. cuprico tenorite | 6. de calcio<br />

quicklime | 6. de cine calamine, zincite | 6. de<br />

circonio baddeleyite | 6. de cobre cuprite,<br />

tenorite | 6. de estano cassiterite | 6 de hierro<br />

iron oxide | 6 .de manganese manganese oxide,<br />

pyrolusite | 6. de mercurio hydrargyrite | 6. de<br />

paladio paladite | 6. de titano titanium dioxide |<br />

6. de urano uraninite | 6. de zinc zinc oxide | 6.<br />

ferrico ferric oxide | 6. hidratado hydrated oxide<br />

| 6. rojo de cine zincite<br />

oxigenador-da adj oxygenated<br />

oxigeno nm oxygen<br />

oxihornblenda nf oxyhornblende, basaltic<br />

hornblende<br />

oximagnita nf oxymagnite, maghemite<br />

oximesostasis nf oxymesostasis<br />

oxi<strong>of</strong>itico,-ca adj oxyophitic<br />

oxisfera nf oxisphere<br />

ox<strong>of</strong>errita nf ox<strong>of</strong>errite<br />

Ozarkense nm Ozarkian (obs)<br />

ozoquerita nf ozocerite, native parrafin

---

pabelldn nm pavilion (<strong>of</strong> a precious stone)<br />

paco nm [Bol, Pe] gossan, oxidized or partly<br />

oxidized ore <strong>of</strong> a reddish color | [Ch] silver<br />

chloride ore<br />

pacoso,-sa adj [Pe] oxidized, gossany<br />

pack nm pack ice<br />

pachamanca nf [Pe] a small reverboratory<br />

furnace<br />

pachapampa nf [Pe] ore cobbed from waste<br />

pachas nfpl [Pe] gypsum<br />

padrastal nm sterile vein cutting a mineralized<br />

vein<br />

padre del sal nm crystalline selenite<br />

padrdn nm register <strong>of</strong> a denounced (filed) claim<br />

pago nm payment | p en production production<br />

payment loan<br />

paigeita nf vonsenite<br />

paila nf large pan | p. de amalgamation<br />

amalgamating pan<br />

pais nm country | p. bajo flatland | p. marginal<br />

borderland<br />

paisaje nm landscape<br />

paja quemada nf [Potosi, Bol] plumosite which<br />

resembles burnt straw<br />

pajaro minero nm [Vz] a species <strong>of</strong> bird which<br />

was thought to be a sure indicator <strong>of</strong> placer<br />

gold<br />

pajuela nf ore that glitters | pajuela de oro grains<br />

<strong>of</strong> gold<br />

pala nf shovel | [Mex] treading <strong>of</strong>torta by foot<br />

in the patio process <strong>of</strong> amalgamation <strong>of</strong> silver<br />

ores | p. de turbero peat cutter<br />

palacra or palacrana nf nugget <strong>of</strong> native gold |<br />

gold ingot<br />

paladio nm palladium<br />

paladioarseniuro nm palladioarsenide<br />

paladiobismutoarseniuro nm<br />

palladiobismutharsenide<br />

palagonizacidn nf palagonization<br />

palaita nf hureaulite<br />

palasita nf pallasite<br />

palasomo nm palasome<br />

palatiense adj Palatinian, Pfalzian<br />

paleador nm shoveller<br />

paleaduro nm shovelling<br />

paleaje nm shovelling<br />

palear vtr to shovel<br />

paleoacuifero nm paleoaquifer<br />

paleoambiente nm paleoenvironment<br />

paleoautoctono nm paleoautochthon<br />

paleobatimetrico,-ca adj paleobathymetric<br />

paleobotanica nf paleobotany<br />

paleocanal nm paleochannel<br />

paleocarstnm paleokarst<br />

paleocenico,-ca adj Paleocene<br />

paleoceno,-na adj Paleocene | nm Paleocene<br />

paleoclima nm paleoclimate<br />

paleoclimatko,-ca adj paleoclimatic<br />

paleoclimatoldico/-ca adj paleoclimatologic<br />

paleoclimatologia nf paleoclimatology<br />

paleodrenaje nm paleodrainage<br />

paleoecuador nm paleoequator<br />

pale<strong>of</strong>iro nm paleophyre (obs, andesite)<br />

pale<strong>of</strong>itico,-ca adj paleophytological<br />

pale<strong>of</strong>itologia nf paleophytology<br />

paledgeno,-na adj Paleogene | nm Paleogene<br />

paleogeografia adj paleogeography<br />

paleogeografico,-ca adj paleogeographic<br />

paleogeoldgico,-ca adj paleogeologic<br />

paleogeomorfologia nf paleogeomorphology<br />

paleohidrologia nf paleohydrology<br />

paleolatitudino nm paleolatitude<br />

paleolimnologia nf paleolimnology<br />

paleolitoldgico,-ca adj paleolithologic<br />

paleomagnetico,-ca adj paleomagnetic<br />

paleomagnetismo nm paleomagnetism<br />

paleorelieve nm paleorelief<br />

paleontologia nf paleontology<br />

paleontoldgico,-ca adj paleontological<br />

paleontdlogo,-ga nm and nf paleontologist<br />

paleosalinidad nf paleosalinity<br />

paleosol nm paleosol | hard ground<br />

paleotectdnico,-ca adj paleotectonic<br />

paleotermal adj paleothermal<br />

paleotermometria nf paleothermometry<br />

paleotop<strong>of</strong>raffa nf paleotopography<br />

paleoviento nm paleowind<br />

paleovolcanico,-ca adj paleovolcanic, pre-<br />

Tertiary<br />

paleovulcanologia nf paleovolcanology<br />

paleozoico,-ca adj Paleozoic | nm Paleozoic<br />

palero nm shoveller<br />

paleta nf small shovel | [Alicante, Sp] tool for<br />

breaking up and lifting thin layers <strong>of</strong><br />

precipitated salt<br />

paleta pa nf palstage<br />

palevento nm palevent<br />

paligorskita nf palygorskite<br />

palingenico,-ca adj palingenic<br />

p-1

---

palingenisis nf palingenesis<br />

palinologia nf paynology<br />

palinspatico,-ca adj palinspastic<br />

palita nf pallite, ferrian millesite<br />

palmo nm one quarter <strong>of</strong> a vara<br />

palse nm pingo<br />

palustre adj swampy<br />

palla nf a fixed amount <strong>of</strong> ore to be carried out<br />

<strong>of</strong> a mine by an apiri during a workshift | [Bol,<br />

Pe] hand sorted ore, hand sorting<br />

pallaco nm [Bol, Pe] a piece <strong>of</strong> ore found in<br />

tailings or waste heaps | tailings<br />

pallador nm [Bol, Pe] ore sorter<br />

pallaquear or pallar vtr to sort or pick pallacos<br />

from waste dumps | [Bol, Pe] to hand sort ore<br />

pallaqueo nm [Bol, Pe] hand-sorting <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

palliri nm a worker employed to sort ore<br />

(usually a woman)<br />

palldn nm assay button<br />

pampa nf pampa, a grassy plain<br />

panabas or panabasa nf [Pe] tetrahedrite,<br />

tennantite<br />

panal de rosa nm [Amazonas, Pe] gold-bearing<br />

quartz occuring in a stockwork (this ore was <strong>of</strong><br />

less value than nusco as it was more difficult to<br />

extract and crush)<br />

pandermita nf priceite<br />

panetita nf panethite<br />

panidiomorfo,-fa adj idiomorphic<br />

panidiomorfo-granular adj idiomorphic<br />

panino nm [Mex] country rock (classified by<br />

miners according to strength: p muy blando rock<br />

easy to work but too s<strong>of</strong>t to be timbered; p.<br />

blando s<strong>of</strong>t rock that can and must be timbered;<br />

p. favorable ordinary ground worked by drilling<br />

and blasting; p. macizo and p. muy pacizo rock<br />

difficult or very difficult to work) | p. cenizo<br />

[Guadalcazar, M£x] clay stringers and pipes<br />

resembling moist bone ash closely associated<br />

with mercury mineralization<br />

paniso or panizo nm [Bol, Pe] altered rock,<br />

gangue, gouge | [Hualgtiyoc, Pe] feldspathic<br />

gangue | [Pataz, Pe] argillized feldspar rich<br />

rock associated with gold ore | [Ch, Pe]<br />

trachytic country rock | p. ahuesado, ahumado or<br />

verde [Chanarcillo, Pe] diabase sills intruding<br />

limestone<br />

pannoniense adj Pannonian<br />

pantalla nf [Bol] dike<br />

pantano nm swamp, marsh | depression where<br />

water collects<br />

P-2<br />

pantanoso,-sa adj swampy<br />

papa nm nugget <strong>of</strong> native gold | nodule <strong>of</strong> any<br />

mineral | [Arg] nodule <strong>of</strong> ulexite found in<br />

saline marshes<br />

paquete nm complex, series | p. de estratos<br />

sedimentary complex | p. de mantos series <strong>of</strong><br />

overthrust sheets<br />

parabituminoso,-sa adj parabituminous<br />

paracelsiano nm Paracelsian<br />

paraclasa nf fault<br />

paraconcordancia nf paraconformity<br />

paraconcordente adj paraconformable<br />

paracrisotil nf parachrysotile<br />

paracronologia nf parachronology<br />

parada nf [Me"x] work gang or crew, pare | p. a<br />

la carga crew paid by the load | p. de busca crew<br />

paid by proportion <strong>of</strong> ore worked | p. de<br />

hacienda or de obra crew paid by the day<br />

worked | p. rayada crew paid by eight hour<br />

shiftr worked<br />

paradiagenetico,-ca adj paradiagenetic<br />

paradiscordancia nf paraunconformity<br />

paraestratigrafia nf parastratigraphy<br />

paraestratigrafico,-ca adj parastratigraphic<br />

paraflna nf paraffin<br />

parafinico,-ca adj paraffinic<br />

paragenetico,-ca adj paragenetic<br />

parageosinclinal nm parageosyncline<br />

paragneis nm paragneiss<br />

paragon nm paragon (variety <strong>of</strong> diamond)<br />

paralelo,-la adj parallel | nm parallel | gallery<br />

driven paralel to a main gallery<br />

paraliageosinclinal nm paraliageosyncline<br />

paralico,-ca adj paralic, marginal<br />

paraloctono nm parallochthon<br />

paramagnetico,-ca adj paramagnetic<br />

paramagnetismo nm paramagnetism<br />

paramento nm face <strong>of</strong> hewn stone<br />

paramera nf desert | altiplano<br />

parametrico,-ca adj parametric<br />

parametro nm parameter<br />

paramilla nf [Ch] low range <strong>of</strong> mountains<br />

pa'ramo nm altiplano<br />

paramorfismo nm paramorphism<br />

paramorfo nm paramorph<br />

paradndula nf para-ripple<br />

pararizadura nf para-ripple<br />

parasitico,-ca adj parasitic<br />

paratectonico,-ca adj paratectonic | nm<br />

paratectordcs, Germanotype tectonics<br />

paratelurita nf paratellu rite

---

paratipo nm paratype<br />

parautdctono,-na adj parautochthonous | nm<br />

parautochthon<br />

paravannm paravane<br />

paravolastonita nf parawollastonite<br />

parcionero nm [Me"x] partner in a mining<br />

venture<br />

parche nm patch <strong>of</strong> rock<br />

parchetita nf parchettite (obs, leucite<br />

trachyandesite)<br />

pardo,-da adj earth-colored, brown, grey<br />

pardo nm the color <strong>of</strong> earth | [Mex] oxidized<br />

ore | p blanquizo silver grey<br />

pardusco,-ca adj earth-colorish, brownish,<br />

greyish<br />

pared nf wall | side or wall <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

paria nf [Pe] cinnabar<br />

pariente adj allied<br />

parogenetico,-ca adj parogenetic<br />

paroxismo nm paroxysm<br />

paroxisiino,-ma adj paroxysmal<br />

parragdn nm standard silver for assayers<br />

parranthina nf scapolite<br />

parte nf part, share | p. bien mineralizada pay<br />

shoot | p. del propietario landowner royalty<br />

participacidn nf share, interest | p. del<br />

concesionario working interest<br />

particula nf particle | p. alfa alfa particle | p.<br />

beta beta particle | p. gamma gamma particle |<br />

p. libre free particle<br />

partidano nm [Cartagena, Sp] miner who works<br />

iron ore to a shallow depth only<br />

partido nm [Me"x] division <strong>of</strong> ores between<br />

owners, investors, workers, etc | portion <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

paid by miners to owners or by owners to<br />

miners<br />

partidornm ore sorter<br />

partridgeita nf bixbyite<br />

parva nf charge or mixture for a smelter<br />

parvero nm persons who mix charges for a<br />

smelting furnace<br />

pasadeniense adj Pasadenian<br />

paseo de tierras nm transport on the backs <strong>of</strong><br />

laborers<br />

pasivo,-va adj passive<br />

paso nm pass | any underground passage, drift<br />

or gallery | linear measure equivalent to two<br />

footsteps | p. real main gallery<br />

pasta nf paste | matrix, groundmass | [Bol]<br />

refractory ore | [Mex] silver ores <strong>of</strong> less than<br />

high grade | [Ozamatlan, Me"x] argentite |<br />

P-3<br />

[Guerrero, Mex, Ch] silver-rich tetrahedrite |<br />

[Zacualpan, Mex] silver-bearing pyrite |<br />

[Sinaloa, Mex] coating <strong>of</strong> ore on a rock | [Mex]<br />

amalgam <strong>of</strong> gold and silver | p. china silver<br />

ores in rounded pieces | p. morada silver ores<br />

purplish in color | p. mantecosa silver ores lead<br />

gray in color, considered to be <strong>of</strong> inferior<br />

quality | p. negra black silver ores considered<br />

to be <strong>of</strong> better quality | p. mixta silver bullion<br />

| p. vitrea glass<br />

pastoso nm [Asientos, Mex] high grade copper<br />

ore<br />

pata de perro nf dog leg, deviation <strong>of</strong> a well<br />

patente «/[Bol, Ch] an annual tax on mines<br />

figured as a fixed rate per hectare or claim<br />

paternoita nf kaliborite<br />

patrdn nm pattern, framework, as in el patron<br />

estructural 'the structural pattern 1 | template<br />

patina nf patina | p. del tiempo weathering | p<br />

desertica desert varnish<br />

patinacidn nf patination<br />

patio nm yard, court or floor used in the process<br />

<strong>of</strong> beneficio de patio, a cold heap amalgamation<br />

method for extracting silver from ores<br />

invented by Bartolome" de Medina at Pachuca,<br />

Mexico in 1557 and introduced into Peru in<br />

1574 | p. de amalgamation amalgamation floor<br />

paurocristalino,-na adj paurocrystalline<br />

pavonado,-da adj dark blue | blued, bronzed<br />

pavonado nm [Pe] tetrahedrite, (sometimes<br />

used for tennanite, jamesonite, enargite,<br />

bournonite and other sulfarsenides and<br />

sulfantimonides <strong>of</strong> lead) | deeper, unoxidized<br />

silver ores, below the bronces, consisting <strong>of</strong><br />

silver sulphides and sulphoantimonates | p.<br />

fino malinowskite<br />

pechblenda nf pitchblende<br />

pecho de paloma nm [Chacas, Pe] iron staining<br />

on the surface <strong>of</strong> coal seams<br />

pedernal nm flint | chert | [Pe] silver ore<br />

consisting <strong>of</strong> iron oxide bearing quartzose<br />

sands<br />

pedimentacidn nf pedindentation<br />

pedimento,-ta adj pediment | nm pediment<br />

pedragal nm gravel bet | stony ground | quarry<br />

pedregdn nm[Ch] boulder<br />

pedregoso,-sa adj stony, rocky<br />

pedregullo nm gravel | p. de ladera [Arg] talus<br />

pedrejal nm quarry<br />

pedrera nf quarry<br />

pedreria nf precious stones

---

pedrero nm stone cutter | [Ch] stony ground<br />

pedriscal nm stony or rocky ground<br />

pedrizo,-za adj stony, rocky | nf stony or rocky<br />

ground | gravel bed | quarry<br />

pedrosita nf hornblendite<br />

pedrusco nm rough stone, boulder | [Mex]<br />

cobble<br />

pegadura nf dirt, mud, smudge, etc., found on<br />

the walls <strong>of</strong> old mines<br />

pegmatita nf pegmatite<br />

pegmatitico,-ca adj pegmatitic<br />

pegmatitizacidn nf pegmatitization<br />

pegmatoide nm pegmatoid<br />

pegmat<strong>of</strong>irico,-ca adj granophyric<br />

pegmat<strong>of</strong>iro nm granophyre<br />

pegmatolita nf orthoclase<br />

peladilla nf small quartz pebble<br />

pelagico,-ca adj pelagic<br />

peleano,-na adj Peelean<br />

pelftico,-ca adj pelitic<br />

pelitomdrfico,-ca adj pelitomorphic<br />

pelo nm opaque streak that mars gemstones | p.<br />

de venado [Chacas, Pe] stibnite in fine needles<br />

pelodita nf pellodite, pelodite<br />

peloide nm peloid<br />

pelolitico,-ca adj argillaceous<br />

peltre nm spelter<br />

pella nf mass <strong>of</strong> native metal | amalgam<br />

produced by the patio process <strong>of</strong> amalgamating<br />

silver ore, well washed, squeezed and pressed<br />

into sugarloaf-shaped mounds | p. fecal fecal<br />

pellet | p. natural native amalgam<br />

pendiente nm slope, declivity | grade, gradient<br />

| hanging wall, ro<strong>of</strong> | pendant | p continental<br />

continental shelf<br />

pendulo nm plum bob<br />

peneconcordante adj peneconcordant<br />

penecontemporaneo,-nea adj<br />

penecontemporaneous<br />

peneplanizacion nf peneplanation<br />

penecontemporaneo,-nea adj<br />

penecontemporaneos<br />

peneplanacion nf peneplanation<br />

peneplanicie nf peneplain<br />

penesalino,-na adj penesaline<br />

penillanura nf peneplain<br />

peniplanicie nf peneplain<br />

peniplano nm peneplain<br />

pennina nf penninite<br />

penokeiense adj Penokean<br />

pensylviano,-na adj Pennsylvanian | nm<br />

P-4<br />

Pennsylvanian<br />

pensilvanico,-ca adj Pennsylvanian | nm<br />

Pennsylvanian<br />

pentahidrita nf pentahydrite, allenite<br />

pentahidroborita nf pentahydroborite<br />

pentano nm pentane<br />

penutiense adj Penutian<br />

pefia nm boulder, rock | [Col] bed rock beneath<br />

a placer | [Col] country rock | p. desprendida<br />

boulder | p. viva stone not yet quarried | p.<br />

hervida, caladora or picadora [Col] fissured<br />

bedrock in which placer gold has accumulated<br />

| p. mora [Col] red granite bedrock to a placer<br />

| p. subida [Col] s<strong>of</strong>t bedrock to a placer | p.<br />

falsa [Col] fragments <strong>of</strong> bedrock which, when<br />

encountered in a placer, give the appearance <strong>of</strong><br />

having reached actual bedrock | p. sarabiada<br />

[Col] gneiss | p. bobo [Col] shaley country rock<br />

in which veins are barren<br />

penascal nm rocky ground<br />

penasco nm large rock, boulder, crag | klippe |<br />

escarpment<br />

penascoso,-sa adj rocky, craggy<br />

penol nm large rock<br />

pendn nm large rock | [Huelva, Sp] iron oxide<br />

bearing jasperoid found in manganese deposits<br />

peon nm common laborer | bull gang | p. de<br />

cuadrilla roustabout | p. suelto roustabout<br />

peonaje nm work gang | work force (<strong>of</strong> a mine,<br />

etc.)<br />

pepa n/[Ch] nugget<br />

pepena nf [Mex] hand cobbed ores | rich or<br />

smelting ore | silver-bearing galena ore |<br />

[Huitzuco, Mex] high grade mercury ore, 10 to<br />

12% mercury | medio p. medium grade ore<br />

pepenado,-da adj [Mex] hand cobbed<br />

pepenador,-dora nm/f cobber, ore sorter<br />

pepenar vtr [Mex] to hand sort ore<br />

peperita nf volcanic sand<br />

pepino nm karst tower<br />

pepita nf nugget<br />

peracidita nf silexite<br />

peralcalino,-na adj peralkaline<br />

peraluminoso,-sa adj peraluminous<br />

perbitutninoso,-sa adj perbituminous<br />

percolacion nf percolation<br />

percolar vtr to percolate<br />

percristalino,-na adj percrystalline<br />

perderse vpr to become lost, pinch out, as for a<br />

vein, seam or bed<br />

perdida nf loss, generally from treatment <strong>of</strong> ores

---

| p. de lodo mud losses | p. par absortion<br />

absorption loss<br />

perdido,-da adj lost<br />

perdigdnnm iron pellet<br />

perenneod; perennial<br />

perfeccionar vtr to follow up, rexamine<br />

perfil nm cross-section, side-view | pr<strong>of</strong>ile | log<br />

j p. de estratos strata pr<strong>of</strong>ile | p. de equilibria<br />

graded pr<strong>of</strong>ile | p. de perforation drill log, well<br />

log | p. de pozo well log | p. de suelo soil pr<strong>of</strong>ile<br />

| p. edafico soil pr<strong>of</strong>ile | p. eletrico electric log |<br />

p. estratigrdfico columnar section | p.<br />

gravimetrico gravity pr<strong>of</strong>ile | p. longitudinal<br />

longitudinal pr<strong>of</strong>ile | p. litologico lithologic<br />

section | p. segun muestras sample pr<strong>of</strong>ile | p.<br />

transversal transverse pr<strong>of</strong>ile<br />

perfiladora nf grader<br />

perfilaje nm logging | p. de activation activation<br />

logging | p. de pozo well-logging<br />

perforabilidad nf drillability<br />

perforacidn nf drill or bore hole | perforation |<br />

p ancha large hole | p. a nucleos core drilling | p<br />

a percusion percussion drilling | p con cable<br />

cable drilling | p con diamante diamond drilling<br />

| p dirigida directional drilling | p con extraction<br />

de testigos core drilling | p. de disparo shot hole<br />

| p de exploration exploration drilling | p.<br />

desuiada deflected well | p. initial spudding in<br />

| p. por gas gas drilling j p. por percusion<br />

percussion drilling | p. por rotation rotary<br />

drilling | p. redutida slim hole | p. rotativa<br />

rotary drilling | p. termica jet piercing<br />

perforado nm boring, drilling | perforation<br />

perforador,-dora adj boring, drilling | nf borer,<br />

driller, drilling machine | p. a percusion<br />

percussion drill | p. con diamantes diamond<br />

drill | p. de diamantes diamond drill | p. de<br />

percusion percussion drill | p. rotativa rotary<br />

drill | nm driller (person)<br />

perforante adj drilling, boring<br />

perforar vtr to drill or bore<br />

perhialina nf perhyaline<br />

periclasa nf periclase<br />

periclinal adj periclinal, pericline | nm pericline<br />

peridoto nm peridot, olivine<br />

periferico,-ca adj peripheral<br />

perigenico,-ca adj perigenic<br />

perimetro nm perimeter | p. de influencia area or<br />

circle <strong>of</strong> influence<br />

periodo nm period | p. de amortization pay back<br />

period | p. de glatiation glacial period | p.<br />

P-5<br />

geocratico geocratic period<br />

peripedimento nm peripediment<br />

peritectico,-ca adj peritectic, reaction<br />

peri to nm expert | appraiser | skilled worker<br />

perknita nf ultramafic rock, ultramafite<br />

perla espata nf pearl spar<br />

perlado,-da adj pearly<br />

perliforme adj bead-like<br />

perlitico,-ca adj perlitic<br />

perl<strong>of</strong>ita nf perl<strong>of</strong>fite<br />

permeabilidad nf permeability<br />

permeable adj permeable<br />

permeacidn nf permeation<br />

permeametro nm permeameter<br />

permiano,-na adj Permian | nm Permian<br />

permico,-ca adj Permian j nm Permian<br />

permineralizacion nf permineralization<br />

permiso nm license | lease | p. de cateo<br />

exploration license | p. marginal edge lease<br />

permutacidn nf permutation<br />

per<strong>of</strong>skita, perovskita, perowskita adj<br />

perovskite<br />

pertenencia nf mining claim<br />

pertiga nf rod (measure <strong>of</strong> length)<br />

pertita nf perthite<br />

pertitico,-ca adj perthitic<br />

pertitoide adj perthitoid<br />

pertosita nf perthosite (obs, syenite)<br />

perturbacion nf perturbation | dislocation | p.<br />

de una veta disruption <strong>of</strong> a vein or lode | p.<br />

tectonica tectonic disturbance<br />

perturbado,-da adj disturbed<br />

pesado,-da adj heavy | <strong>of</strong> high specific gravity<br />

peso nm weight | silver coin <strong>of</strong> about 25 grams<br />

| [ Almaden, Sp] a weight <strong>of</strong> 20 arrobas \ p.<br />

atomico atomic weight | p. bruto gross weight j<br />

p. de oro coin equivalent to two (silver) pesos j<br />

p. espicifico specific gravity j p. neto net weight<br />

petlanque nm [Mex] argentite, usually,<br />

pyargyrite in places | any high-grade silver ore<br />

| p. acerado polybasite | p. Colorado, encarnado<br />

or rojo proustite | p. oscuro pyrargyrite | p.<br />

negro argentite<br />

petreo,-rea adj stone, <strong>of</strong> stone | stony | rocky,<br />

stone-like, petrous<br />

petrificacion nf petrification<br />

petrificado,-da adj petrified<br />

petrificar vtr to petrify<br />

petrificarse vpr to petrify<br />

petrifico,-ca adj petriferous<br />

petroclastico,-ca adj detrital

---

petr<strong>of</strong>a>brico,-ca adj fabric | nm fabric,<br />

petr<strong>of</strong>abric<br />

petr<strong>of</strong>isica nf petrophysics<br />

petrogenesis nf petrogenesis<br />

petrogenetico,-ca adj petrogenetic<br />

petrogenia nf petrogenesis<br />

petrografia nf petrography<br />

petrografico,-ca adj petrographic<br />

petrdgrafo,-fa nm and/ petrographer<br />

petroleno nm petrolene<br />

petrdleo nm petroleum j p. bisulfuro disulfide<br />

oil | p. (en) bruto or crudo crude oil j p.<br />

clandestine "hot oil" produced above allowables<br />

| p. de base asfaltica asphalt-base crude oil | p.<br />

de contrabando contraband oil | p. del propietario<br />

landowner's oil | j p. humedo wet oil j p.<br />

lampante parrafin oil, kerosene | p. ligero light<br />

oil, straw oil | p. muerto dead oil | p. petratado<br />

pretreated crude oil | p. pobre lean oil j p.<br />

sintetico synthetic oil | p. sulfuroso sour crude<br />

oil j p. verde green oil<br />

petrolero,-ra adj oil, petroleum | oil-bearing |<br />

nm tanker<br />

petrolifero,-ra adj petroliferous, oil-bearing<br />

petrologia nf petrology<br />

petroldgico,-ca adj petrological<br />

petrologo,-ga nm and/ petrologist<br />

petromorfo nm petromorph<br />

petroquimica nf petrochemistry<br />

petroquimico,-ca adj petrochemical<br />

petrosilexnm flint | amausite | hornstone<br />

pez nf tar, pitch | [Sp] isolated lens <strong>of</strong> coal | p.<br />

mineral asphalt<br />

pfalziense adj Pfalzian<br />

piacentino,-na adj Piacenzian<br />

piamonte nm piedmont<br />

piamontita nf piedmontite<br />

pica nf pick<br />

picacho nm pointed peak or summit<br />

picada nf survey line<br />

picado nm [Pe] surface outcropping <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

picador nm miner who works with a pick or<br />

hammer and gad | [Sierra Almagrera, Sp] ore-<br />

sorter<br />

picapedrero nm stonecutter<br />

picaporro nm pick<br />

picar vtr/intr to cut stone | to hew, work with a<br />

pick or hammer and gad j p. un hilo [Col] to<br />

uncover a known vein<br />

picnita nf pycnite (par <strong>of</strong> topaz)<br />

pico nm peak | pickaxe | miner's pick | [Mex]<br />

P-6<br />

sledge hammer | a pico vertically<br />

picdn de cantera nm quarry pick<br />

picota nf peak <strong>of</strong> a mountain<br />

picritico,-ca adj picritic<br />

picrocromita n/picrochromite,<br />

magnesiochromite<br />

picr<strong>of</strong>armacolita nf picropharmacolite<br />

picurita nf pitch coal<br />

pie nm foot (measure <strong>of</strong> length) j foot or base <strong>of</strong><br />

a mountain | p. de cobra claw-end crowbar<br />

piedra nf rock, stone | mineral j p. acanterada<br />

[Durango, Mex] rhyolite j p. (de) alumbre<br />

alunite j p. aprieta [Me"x] limestone j p. arcillosa<br />

claystone j p. arenisca sandstone j p. arenosa<br />

sandstone | p. (de) azufre rock sulphur | p. azul<br />

bluestone, chalcanthite | [Mex] blue limestone<br />

| [Vz] mineralized diorite wall rock to gold<br />

veins | p. berroquena granite | p. blanca<br />

granulite j p. bruta [Mex] country rock, barren<br />

rock | p. cachumba [Cu] native calcium sulfate<br />

| p. calamina calamine | p. calarea limestone |<br />

p. caliza limestone | p. canela hessonite | p.<br />

capilar var <strong>of</strong> quartz j p. ciega any hard, opaque<br />

semiprecious stone | p. conglomerada<br />

conglomerate | p. conglutinada breccia j p.<br />

cornea hornstone, jasper j p. de acarreo erratic<br />

block or boulder j p. de arena [Col] sandstone |<br />

p. de barilla [Tamaulipas, Mex] limestone with<br />

clay partings | p. de berrocjuena coarse grained<br />

granite | p. de cat or de caliza chalk/ limestone |<br />

p. de campana phonolite | p. de candela flint | p.<br />

de canelo grossularite | p. de canteria [Me"x, Sp]<br />

granite | p. de canto dressed stone | p. de cine<br />

cassiterite | p. de cruz staurolite | p. de chispa<br />

flint | p. de churumbela [Col] decomposed<br />

felsite wall-rock to veins j p. de escopeta flint j<br />

p. defrijol [Guanajuato, Mex] red conglomerate<br />

j p. defuego fires tone | p. degrano [Me"x]<br />

granite | p. dejabon talc | p. de labrador<br />

greenstone | p. del dguila a nodular, clayey iron<br />

ore | p. de la luna labradorite | p. de las<br />

amazonas labradorite | p. de lumbre flint | p. de<br />

luna blue adularia | p. de mono [Mex] good<br />

specimin <strong>of</strong> ore, sometimes used for religious<br />

purposes j p. de mobre flint | p. de moco white,<br />

transparent var <strong>of</strong> chalcedony with dendritic<br />

staining | p. de moler [Col] syenite | p. de<br />

mollejon [Col] sandstone | p. palo [Ch] asbestos<br />

| p. de pipas meerschaum | p. de remedar<br />

[Guadalcazar, Mex] large fragment <strong>of</strong> granite |<br />

[San Nicolas, Mex] basalt | [Mazapil, Mex]

---

feldspathic porphyry | p. de sapo mica | p. de<br />

silleria dressed stone | p. de sol precious variety<br />

<strong>of</strong>oligoclase | p. de toque }asper, touchstone |<br />

p. de yeso rock gypsum | p. del lobrodor<br />

labradorite | p. dura any hard, siliceous stone |<br />

p. en bruto rubble stone | p. fetida stinkstone |<br />

p. filtrante porous rock | p. fina gemstone | p.<br />

frailesca [Almadem, Sp] breccia consisting <strong>of</strong><br />

fragments <strong>of</strong> schist and serpentine cemented<br />

by dolomite and clay | p. franca easily worked<br />

stone | p. guisante pisolite | p. hematitas<br />

hematite | p. hedionda [Guadalcazar, Mex]<br />

black limestone | p. imdn magnetite | p. inga<br />

pyrite | p. jaspe jasper | p. labrada dressed<br />

stone | p. lipe [Pe] chalcanthite | p. litografica<br />

argillaceous limestone | p. loca meerschaum |<br />

p. maciza stone lacking defects | p. marmol<br />

marble | p. meteorica meteorite | p. mineral ore<br />

| p. molar sandstone used for millstones | p.<br />

molena burstone | p. mora [Guadalcazar, Mex]<br />

diorite | p. nefritica]ade \ p. negra [Vz]<br />

greenish gray f elds tone | p. ollar serpentine |<br />

steatite | p. oniquina onyx | p. ovar oolite | p.<br />

palo [La Serena, Ch] asbestos | p. para<br />

brownstone | p. parda manganese oxides | p.<br />

partida broken stone | p. pez pitchstone/<br />

retinite | p. picada crushed or broken stone | p.<br />

pomez pumicestone | p. preciosa gemstone | p.<br />

radiante actinolite | p. rodada boulder/ cobble/<br />

pebble | p. sarabeada or sarabiada [Col]<br />

decomposed granite or gneiss | p. sonora<br />

phonolite | p. tosca pumice stone/ pumice | p.<br />

verde green stone | p. viva very hard stone,<br />

ledge rock | piedras de acarreo glacial erratics |<br />

p.-bola [Mex] boulder<br />

piemontita nf piemontite/ manganese epidote<br />

piezoclasa nf compression joint<br />

piezocristilizacidn nf piezocrystallization<br />

piezoelectricidad nf piezoelectricity<br />

piezoelectrico,-ca adj piezoelectric<br />

piezogeno,-na adj piezogene<br />

piezomagnetismo nm piezomagnetism<br />

piezome'trico,-ca adj equipotential, piezometric<br />

pila nf basin/ trough, tank or vessel | pothole |<br />

evaporation tank in salt works | [Col] pit dug<br />

on a river bank used to wash placer ore | p. de<br />

mineral heap <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

pilar nm pillar | p. de tierra pinnacle | p.<br />

tectonico horst<br />

pilita nf pilite (actinolite pseudomorphous after<br />

olivine) | tinder ore<br />

P-7<br />

pildnnm stone trough<br />

pilotaxftico,-ca adj pilotaxitic, felty<br />

pinacoide adj pinacoidal | nm pinacoid<br />

pinaculo nm pinnacle<br />

pinado,-da adj pinnate<br />

pingo nm a drill hole terminated short <strong>of</strong> its<br />

objective<br />

pinguita nf nontronite<br />

pinta nf [Me"x] the appearance <strong>of</strong> an ore which<br />

discloses its tenor according to its color, grain,<br />

weight and other physical properties | [Ch]<br />

silver ore assaying better than 50 diezmilesimos<br />

| [Vz] gold placer | color or gold seen on<br />

washing gravel in a pan | p. azul [Pachuca/<br />

Mex] silver sulfide ore | p. de metal indications<br />

<strong>of</strong> ore<br />

pintar vintr to exhibit indications <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

pinula nf sight <strong>of</strong> a surveying instrument<br />

pinza nf fishing tool used for extracting objects<br />

that have fallen down a drillhole<br />

pina nf cone-shaped ingot <strong>of</strong> refined silver |<br />

[Ch/ Pe/ Bol] bullion<br />

piocha nf pick<br />

piotina nf saponite<br />

pipa nf pipe<br />

pique nm bottom or ground | [Bol, Ch/ Pe]<br />

shaft | a pique [Mex] vertically | p. maestro [Ch]<br />

main shaft<br />

piquero nm miner<br />

piqueta nf mattox, pickaxe | p. con cabeza poll-<br />

pick<br />

piquetero nm boy who carries picks to workers<br />

in a mine<br />

piquetilla nf gad | small pickaxe<br />

pir nm [Ch] lead amalgam<br />

piralmandita nf pyralmandite<br />

piralspita nf pyralspite<br />

piramirade nm pyramid<br />

pirargirita nf pyrargyrite<br />

pireneita nf melanite<br />

pirex nm pyrex<br />

piriforme adj pear-shaped<br />

pirita nf pyrite | sulfides (in general) | p.<br />

arsenical arsenopyrite | p. blanca marcasite | p.<br />

capilar millerite | p. cobriza chalcopyrite | p.<br />

comun pyrite | p. de azufre iron pyrite | p. de<br />

carbon pyrite found in coal seams/ "scud" | p. de<br />

cobalto linnaeite | p. de cobre chalcopyrite | p. de<br />

cresta de gallo marcasite | p. de estano stannite |<br />

p. de fierro or hierro iron pyrite | p. de<br />

manganese hauerite | p. ferroniqueltfera

---

pentlandite | p. magnetica pyrrhotite | p.<br />

marcial iron pyrite | p. prismatica marcasite | p.<br />

radianite pyrite, firestone | p. roja niccolite | p.<br />

sana [Ch] unaltered pyrite<br />

piritico,-ca adj pyritic<br />

piritizacidn nf pyritization<br />

piritizar vtr to pyritize<br />

piritoedro nm pyritohedron<br />

piritoso,-sa adj pyrite-bearing<br />

piroaurita nf pyroaurite<br />

pirobelonita nf pyrobelonite<br />

pirobitumen nm pyrobitumen<br />

piroclastico,-ca adj pyroclastic<br />

pirocloro nm pyrochlore<br />

pirochroita nf pyrochroite<br />

pir<strong>of</strong>ana nf pyrophane, fire opal<br />

pir<strong>of</strong>anita nf pyrophanite<br />

pir<strong>of</strong>ilita nf pyrophyllite<br />

pirogenesis nf pyrogenesis<br />

pir6geno,-na adj pyrogenic | pyrogenetic<br />

pirolita nf pyrolite<br />

pirolusita nf pyrolusite<br />

piromagma nf pyromagma<br />

piromelana nf brookite<br />

piromerida nf pyromeride (obs, nodular<br />

rhyolite)<br />

pirometamorfismo nm pyrometamorphism<br />

pirometasoma'tico,-ca adj pyrometasomatic<br />

pirometasomatismo nm pyrometasomatism<br />

pirometria nf pyrometry<br />

pirometro nm pyrometer<br />

piromorfita nf pyromorphite<br />

pironafta nf pyronaphtha<br />

piropisita nf pyropissite<br />

piropo nm pyrope<br />

piroretinita nf pyroretinite<br />

pirosfero nm pyrosphere<br />

pirosmalita nf pyrosmalite<br />

pirostibina nf kermesite<br />

pirostilpnita nf pyrostilpnite<br />

piroxena nf pyroxene<br />

piroxenita nf piroxenite<br />

piroxeno nm pyroxene<br />

piroxenoide nm piroxenoid<br />

piroxferroita nf pyroxferroite<br />

piroxmangita nf pyroxmangite<br />

pirquin nm [Bol, Ch] contract mining<br />

pirquinero nm [Bol, Ch] contract or tribute<br />

miner, tributor<br />

pirrotina nf pyrrhotite<br />

pisar vintr to dip<br />

P-8<br />

piso nm stage | floor or level | bottom level in a<br />

mine | footwall | p. estructural structural stage<br />

pisolita nf pisolite j pisolith | p. volcanica<br />

volcanic pisolith<br />

pisolitico,-ca adj pisolitic<br />

pisones nmpl [Bol] stamps (in a stamp mill)<br />

piticita nf pitticite<br />

pivote nm stock<br />

pizarra nf slate | schist | p. arcillosa argillaceous<br />

slate or schist | [Sp] shale | p. arenosa sandy<br />

schist | p. astittoso splintered slate | p. azul<br />

[Cartagena, Sp] slate stained by iron silicate |<br />

p. bituminosa bituminous slate | p. carbonifera<br />

coaly shale | p. doritica chloritic schist | p.<br />

cristalina schist | p. de talco talc schist | p. de<br />

tejar ro<strong>of</strong>ing slate | p. en gavillas cordierite<br />

schist | p. fetida bituminous slate | p. gredosa<br />

clay slate | p. marcellus marcellus shale | p.<br />

micacea mica schist | p. ojosa augen schist<br />

pizarral nm slate quarry<br />

pizarreno,-na adj slatey | with or having slaty<br />

cleavage<br />

pizarreria nf slate quarry<br />

pizarrosidad nf schistosity | slaty cleavage<br />

pizarroso,-sa adj slatey<br />

placa nf plate | slab | p. litosferica lithospheric<br />

plate<br />

placer nm placer | p. aurifero gold-bearing<br />

placer | p. de costa marina beach placer | p.<br />

metaltfero ore-bearing placer<br />

plagioclasa nf plagioclase<br />

plagioclasita nf anorthosite<br />

plaisanciano,-na adj Plaisancian<br />

plaisanciense adj Plaisancian<br />

plan nm program | bottom level in a mine<br />

planacidn nf planation<br />

planctonnm plankton<br />

plancha nf plate or sheet <strong>of</strong> native metal<br />

plancheta nf plane-table<br />

planear vtr [Mex] to extract gold in fissures in<br />

bedrock beneath placers<br />

planicie nm plane | [geomorph] sides <strong>of</strong> a<br />

saddle | p. de abrasion denudation plane | p.<br />

troncal peneplain<br />

planificacidn nf planning<br />

planimetria nf planimetry<br />

planimetrico,-ca adj planimetric<br />

planimetro nm planimeter<br />

piano nm map, plan | plane | p. axil axial plane<br />

| p. de clivaje cleavage plane | p. de crucero<br />

cleavage plane | p. de ensayes assay map | p. de

---

estratificacion bedding plane | p. defalla fault<br />

plane | p. defractura fracture plane | p. de junta<br />

joint plane | p. de nivel datum | p. de referenda<br />

datum plane | p. de resbalamiento slickenside,<br />

fault plane | p. de simetria \ p, reticular<br />

plan<strong>of</strong>irico,-ca adj planophyric (obs)<br />

planta nf floor or level | horizontal cut | map,<br />

plan | plant, factory, facility | p. de recuperacion<br />

de acidos acid recovery plant<br />

plantar vtr to erect a mill, machinery, etc<br />

planteaje nm plant, mill<br />

planteamiento nm plant, mill<br />

plantel nm plant, mill<br />

plasma nf plasma (var <strong>of</strong> chalcedony)<br />

plasticidad nf plasticity<br />

plastico,-ca adj plastic<br />

plastotipo nm plastotype<br />

plata nf silver | silver ore | p. agria argentite,<br />

polybasite or stephanite | p. antimonial<br />

discrasite | p. azul [Tlalpujahua, Mex]<br />

aregentite [Zacatecas, Mex] silver chloride | p.<br />

azul acercado polybasite | p. azul de catorce<br />

selbite | p. blanca native silver | p. blanca<br />

pardusca argentiferous galena | p. bruto native<br />

silver | p. ceniza silver chloride | p. color de rosa<br />

native silver with reddish tinge | p. cornea<br />

cerargyrite | p. cornea amarilla iodyrite | p.<br />

cornea blanca cerargyrite | p. cornea verde<br />

embolite | p. cruda sponge silver | p. de clavos<br />

[Batopilas, Mex] wire silver in calcite gangue |<br />

p. de ley standard silver for assayers | p. de<br />

patio or de pie silver produced by the patio<br />

process <strong>of</strong> amalgamation | p. ductil argentite |<br />

p. en barra silver bullion | p, esponja sponge<br />

silver | p. gris argentite | p. labrada wrought<br />

silver | p. maciza [Pe] native silver in sheets |<br />

p. mixta electrum | p. nativa native silver | p.<br />

natural native silver | p. negra argentite,<br />

stephanite | p. negra prismatica stephanite | p.<br />

parda cerargyrite | p. pella silver amalgam | p.<br />

roja clara proustite | p. roja oscura pyrargyrite |<br />

p. seca silver ore which does not amalgamate<br />

with mercury | p. sulfurea agria stephanite | p.<br />

verde embolite [Plateros, Mex] bromyrite |<br />

[Catorce, Mex] mixture <strong>of</strong> bromyrite and<br />

iodyrite | p. virgen native silver | p. vitrea<br />

argentite<br />

plataforma nf platform | p. continental<br />

continental shelf | continental mass | p.<br />

continental exterior outer continental shelf | p.<br />

costera coastal plane | p. cratogenica cratogenic<br />

P-9<br />

shelf | p. de abrasion wave-cut platform | p. de<br />

perforacion drilling platform, drilling rig | p. de<br />

produccion production platform | p.<br />

epicontinental continental shelf | p. replegable<br />

jack-up rig | p. submarina continental shelf<br />

plateado,-da adj silvered, silver, silvery<br />

platillo nm [Mex] a red earthen plate used for<br />

testing ore<br />

platina nf platinum ore | crude native platinum<br />

platiniridio nm platiniridium<br />

platinita nf playnite<br />

platino nm platinum | p. nativo native platium<br />

plato para la var mineral nm gold pan<br />

platdn nm pan used for washing ore<br />

platoncito nm small gold pan<br />

playa nf beach, shore, strand | river bank | p.<br />

alta backshore | p. baja gold placer beneath the<br />

level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent stream | p. levantada<br />

raised beach<br />

playero nm [Bol, Pe] worker employed in<br />

washing gold<br />

plazolita nf hydrogrossular<br />

pleamar nm high tide<br />

plegado,-da adj folded | nm folding<br />

plegadura nf folding<br />

plegamiento nm folding | p. cabrio chevron<br />

folding | p. en acordeon accordian folding | p.<br />

entrecruzado cross-folding | p. imbricado<br />

imbricate folding | p. verdadero flexure, true<br />

folding<br />

plegar vtr to fold<br />

pleistoce"nico,-ca adj Pleistocene<br />

pleistoceno,-na adj Pleistocene | nm<br />

Pleistocene<br />

plenargirita nf matildite<br />

pleocristalino,-na adj holocrystalline<br />

pleocroico,-ca adj pleochroic<br />

pleocroismo nm pleochroism<br />

pleocroisto,-sta adj pleochroic<br />

pleonasta nf ceylonite<br />

plicacion nf plication<br />

pliegue nm fold | p. acostado recumbant fold |<br />

p. armonico harmonic fold | p. asimetrico<br />

asymmetric fold | p. buzante dip fold | p. cabrio<br />

chevron fold | p. cerrado closed fold, isoclinal<br />

fold | p. competente competent fold | p.<br />

compuesto compund fold | p. de arrastre drag<br />

fold | p. diapirico diapir fold | p. disarmonico<br />

disharmonic fold | p. echado overfold | p. en<br />

abanico deflujo fan fold | p. escanolado en<br />

Echelon fold | p. hacia abajo downfold | p.

---

inclinado inclined fold | p. incompetente<br />

incompetent fold | p. intraformacional<br />

intraformational fold | p. invertido overturned<br />

fold | p. isoclinal isoclinal fold | p. normal<br />

normal fold | p. parado upright fold, normal<br />

fold | p. recostado recumbant fold | p.<br />

recumbente recumbant fold | p. silla anticline |<br />

p. simetrico symmetric fold | p. simple simple<br />

fold | p. suprateneu supratenous fold | p.<br />

tumbado overturned fold | p. verdadero true<br />

fold, flexure | p. vertical upright fold | p.<br />

volcado overturned or inverted fold, overfold |<br />

p. yacente recumbent fold<br />

pliensbaquiano,-na adj Pliensbachian<br />

pliensbaquense nm Pliensbachian<br />

pliniano,-na adj Plinian<br />

pliocenico,-ca adj Pliocene<br />

plioceno,-na adj Pliocene | nm Pliocene<br />

pliomagma'tico,-ca adj pliomagmatic<br />

plisamiento nm micr<strong>of</strong>olding<br />

plomada nf plumb<br />

plombagina nf graphite<br />

plomifero,-ra adj lead-bearing, plumbiferous<br />

plomillo nm [Me*x] hematite rich tin ore<br />

plomilloso,-sa adj lead-bearing<br />

plomizo,-za adj leaden | p. de acarreo alluvial<br />

deposit <strong>of</strong> broken fragments <strong>of</strong> galena<br />

plomo,-ma adj lead colored | leaden<br />

plomo nm lead | lead ore, usually galena | p.<br />

abigarrado pyromorphite | p. afinado refined<br />

lead | p. agrio lead slag | p. amarillo wulfenite<br />

| p. blanco cerussite | p. corneo fosgenite | p. de<br />

obra [Me"x] argentiferous lead | p. dulce refined<br />

lead | p. negro graphite | p. pardo<br />

pyromorphite | p. pobre lead poor in silver | p.<br />

rico lead rich in silver | p. rojo crocoite | p.<br />

ronco [Arg, Ch, Pe] compact, massive argentite<br />

| p. verde pyromorphite<br />

plomogoma nf<br />

plomoso,-sa adj lead-bearing<br />

plumbagina nf graphite, plumbargo<br />

pliimbeo,-bea adj leaden<br />

plumbogumita nf plumbogummite<br />

pliunbopirocloro nm plumbopyrochlore<br />

plurivalencia nf polyvalence<br />

plutdn nm pluton, intrusion, intrusive | p.<br />

atectonico a tectonic pluton | p. pretectonico<br />

pretectonic pluton | p. post-tectonico post-<br />

tectonic pluton | p. sincronico syntectonic<br />

pluton | p. sintectonico syntectonic pluton | p.<br />

subsecuente post-tectonic pluton<br />

P-10<br />

plutonico,-ca adj plutonic, intrusive<br />

plutonio nm plutonium<br />

plutonismo nm plutonism<br />

plutonita nf plutonist<br />

pneumatolitico,-ca adj pneumatolytic<br />

poblacion nf population | p. cerrada closed<br />

population | p. de referenda parent population<br />

| p. estable stable population | p. estacionaria<br />

stationary population | p. madre parent<br />

population | p. tipo type population<br />

poblador nm [Me"x] mine foreman<br />

poblar vtr to set miners to work in a mine<br />

pobre adj barren, sterile, unmineralized | low<br />

grade<br />

pobreza nf poverty | p. de la mina said when ore<br />

grade is low<br />

pocero nm well sinker | shaft digger, pitman<br />

pocillo nm small well or drill hole | pass or<br />

shoot in a mine<br />

poder nm thickness | p. calorifico fuel ratio<br />

podolita nf carbonate-apatite<br />

podrido,-da adj rotten, decomposed<br />

podrir jaguas vtr [Col] to leave ores exposed to<br />

the atmosphere in the hope that the sulfides<br />

will thus be oxidized over time<br />

poiquilitico,-ca adj poikilitic<br />

poiquiloblastico,-ca adj poikiloblastic<br />

poiquil<strong>of</strong>itico,-ca adj poikilophitic<br />

poiquilotdpico,-ca adj poikilotopic<br />

poiquilotopo nm poikilotope<br />

polaridad nf polarity<br />

polarimetria nf polarimetry<br />

polarimetro nm polarimeter<br />

polarizacidn nf polarization<br />

polarizado,-da adj polarized<br />

polarizador,-dora adj polarizing | nm polarizer<br />

polen nm pollen<br />

polenita nf pollenite (obs, olivine phonolite)<br />

poliargirita nf poiyargyrite<br />

polibasita nf polybasite<br />

policiclico,-ca adj polycyclic<br />

policdnico,-ca adj polyconic<br />

policraso nm polycrase<br />

policristal nm poly crystal<br />

policromo,-ma adj polychrome, multicolored<br />

policuarzo nm polyquartz<br />

polidimita nf polydymite<br />

poligenetico,-ca adj polygenetic<br />

poligenico,-ca adj polycyclic | polygenic<br />

poligeosinclinal nm polygeosyncline<br />

poligonal adj polygonal

---

poligonizacidn nf polygonization<br />

polfgono nm polygon<br />

polihalita nf polyhalite<br />

polikinem£tico,-ca adj polykinematic<br />

polilitarenita nf polylitharenite<br />

polilitionita nf polylithionite<br />

polimerizacidn nf polymerization<br />

polimerizado,-da adj polymerized<br />

polimetalico,-ca adj polymetallic<br />

polimetamorfismo nm polymetamorphism<br />

polimignita nf polymignyte<br />

polimineralico,-ca adj polymineralic<br />

polimodal adj polymodal<br />

polimorfia nf polymorphism<br />

polimorfismo nm polymorphism<br />

polimorfo,-fa adj polymorphic, polymorphous |<br />

nm polymorph<br />

polinigritita nf polynigritite<br />

polisintetico,-ca adj polysynthetic<br />

politipismo nm polytypism<br />

politipo nm polytype<br />

polo nm pole | p. geogrdfico geographic pole | p.<br />

magnetico magnetic pole<br />

polonio nm polonium<br />

polucita nf pollucite<br />

polveo nm [Mex] amalgam formed by the cazo<br />

or caldron process composed <strong>of</strong> two parts<br />

mercury and one part silver by weight<br />

polvillo nm fine dust | tailings | [Mex] rich ore<br />

| p. buenogood ore | p. yjabon [Guanajuato,<br />

Mex] richest ore mined yielding about 2000<br />

ounces to the ton<br />

polvo nm dust | pinch | powder | oro en p. gold<br />

dust | p. de carbon coal dust | p. volcanico<br />

volcanic dust<br />

polvorilla nf argentite | polybasite | [Tamaya,<br />

Ch] phillipsite-bearing copper ore | [Peras,<br />

Mex] gold-bearing marcasite | estanodep.<br />

[Durango, Mex] friable, rhyolite hosted tin ore<br />

| [Pe] stephanite (but usually used for<br />

argentite or polybasite) | [Cerro de Pasco, Pe]<br />

sternbergite<br />

polio nm [Pe] small bag <strong>of</strong> rich ore given by a<br />

miner on Saturday to the mine owner<br />

pomaceo,-cea adj pumaceous<br />

pdmez adj and nm pumice<br />

ponce nm pumice<br />

pongo nm [Pe, EC] worker employed to<br />

maintain underground workings | canyon,<br />

gorge<br />

pontiano,-na adj Pontian<br />

p-11<br />

pontico,-ca adj Pontic<br />

pontiense adj Pontian<br />

populacidn nf [stats] population<br />

poquiri nm Indian required to work overtime<br />

on account <strong>of</strong> not fulfilling his tarea<br />

poercelainita nf porcellanite | mullite<br />

porcelana nf porcelain<br />

porcelana'ceo/-cea adj porcellaneous<br />

porcelanita nf porcellanite<br />

porcentaje nf percentage | rate | ratio<br />

purcentual adj percentage<br />

porfidico,-ca adj porphyritic<br />

porfidita nf porphyry, porphyrite<br />

pdrfido nm porphyry | [Vz] gold-bearing<br />

jasperoid | p. acanterado [Me"x] rhyolite<br />

porphyry | p. cuarcifero quartz porphyry | p.<br />

feldesdtico feldspar porphyry | p. granitico<br />

granite porphyry | p. metaltfero [Pachuca and<br />

Real del Monte, M£x] porphyritic pyroxene<br />

andesite host rock | p. negro [Almaden, Sp]<br />

melaphyre | p. traquito trachyte porphyry<br />

porfidoblastico,-ca adj porphyroblastic<br />

porfidoblasto nm porphyroblast<br />

porfiroclastico,-ca adj porphyroclastic<br />

porfirogranulitico,-ca adj porphyrogranulitic<br />

(obs)<br />

porfmco,-ca adj porphyritic<br />

porfirita nf porphyry, porphyrite<br />

pdrfiro nm porphyry<br />

porfiro-afanitico,-ca adj porphyro-aphanitic<br />

porfiroide adj porphyritic | porphyroid | nm<br />

porphyroid<br />

porfirotdpico,-ca adj porphyrotopic<br />

porfirizacidnn/[Mex] to pulverize ore<br />

poro nm pore | p. mural mural pore<br />

porosidad nf porosity | p. efectiva effective<br />

porosity | p. primaria primary porosity | p.<br />

secundaria secondary porosity | p. total absolute<br />

or total porosity<br />

porosimetro nm porosimeter | p. de mercurio<br />

mercury pump porosimeter<br />

poroso,-sa adj porous<br />

porra nf sledge<br />

porronguito nm [Pe] a crude mercury measure<br />

portal nm rock arch, natural arch<br />

portlandiano,-na adj Portland ian<br />

portlandiense adj Portland ian<br />

portdnde glaciar nm glacial outlet<br />

poruna nf [ Arg, Ch] pan used to wash gold<br />

posglacial adj Holocene | postglacial<br />

poskinematico,-ca adj posttectonic

---

posmagm£tico,-ca adh postmagmatic<br />

posmineral adj postmineral<br />

posobsecuente adj postobsequent<br />

posorogenico,-ca adj postorogenic<br />

pospaisnm hinterland<br />

postarrecife adj back reef<br />

postectdnico,-ca adj posttectonic<br />

post-litoral adj backshore<br />

postura nf [Pe] separation <strong>of</strong> silver from<br />

amalgam by distillation<br />

potam6geno,-na adj potamic<br />

potamologia nf potamology<br />

potasa adj potash | nf potash<br />

pota*sico,-ca adj potassic<br />

potasio nm potassium | p.-argon K-Ar | p.-calcio<br />

K-Ca<br />

potencia nf thickness | power | strength (<strong>of</strong> a<br />

vein) | p. de una prueba power <strong>of</strong> a test | p.<br />

nuclear nuclear power<br />

potential adj potential | nm potential | p.<br />

espontaneo spontaneous potential | p. nominal<br />

rated potential, rated production capacity | p.<br />

zeta zeta potential<br />

potenciometrico,-ca adj potentiometric<br />

potsdamiano,-na adj Potsdamian<br />

potsdamiense adj Potsdamian<br />

pottsvilliense adj Pottsvillian<br />

poza nf [Sandia, Pe] potholes in bedrock <strong>of</strong><br />

placer gold deposits<br />

pozaco nm [Cartagena, Sp] winze<br />

pozo nm well, drill hole | shaft, pit | p.<br />

abandonado abandoned well | p. artesiano<br />

artesian well | p. cdrstico yama | p. cerrado<br />

close in well | p. de alivio relief well | p. de<br />

avancada step-out well | p. de coyote natural<br />

water hole | p. de desarollo development well |<br />

p. de descarga disposal well | p. de<br />

descubrimiento discovery well | p. de mina shaft<br />

| p. de servicio service well | p. direccional<br />

directed well, slant well | p. dirigido directed<br />

well, slant hole | p. excavado dug well | p.<br />

exploratorio exploratory or wildcat well | p.<br />

eruptivo gusher | p. improductivo dry well,<br />

"duster" | p. inyector injection well | p. lateral<br />

flank well | p. marginal marginal well | p.<br />

muerto dead well (must be pumped to produce)<br />

| p. obligatorio obligation well | p. parado shut<br />

in well | p. pobre stripper well | p. salado salted<br />

well | p. seco dry hole | p. sin control wild well,<br />

well out <strong>of</strong> control | p. sin consentimiento de una<br />

parte non consent well | p. sin entubar open<br />

P-12<br />

well | p. subyacente well cutting accross several<br />

pools<br />

pozolano,-na adj pozzolan<br />

praseodimio nm praseodymium<br />

prasio nm green variety <strong>of</strong> quartz, prase<br />

prasdpal nm prasopal<br />

prasma nf dark green variety <strong>of</strong> agate<br />

praetigliense adj Praetiglian<br />

prealpino,-na adj prealpine<br />

precambriano,-na adj Precambrian<br />

preca"mbrico,-ca adj Precambrian<br />

precio nm price | p. de referenda posted price |<br />

p. de refineria refinery price, rack price | p.<br />

<strong>of</strong>icial posted selling price<br />

precioso,-sa adj precious<br />

precipicio nm precipice, cliff<br />

precipitacidn nf precipitation<br />

precipitado,-da adj precipitated<br />

precipitar ufr precipitate<br />

preconsolidacidn nf preconsolidation<br />

precursor nm preliminary seismic wave<br />

predazita nf predazzite<br />

prediagenesis nf prediagenesis<br />

predio minero nm mining property<br />

prefosa nf foredeep<br />

preorogenico,-ca adj preorogenic<br />

preparar minerales vtr to dress ores<br />

presa nf dam<br />

presentar vintr to show or display a<br />

characteristic (this verb is generally lost in<br />

translation, eg que presenta gradaciones entre<br />

granito y tonalita 'that grades from granite to<br />

tonalite')<br />

presentarse vpr to occur, be found, eg las rocas<br />

siluricas se presentan cerca de la mina 'Silurian<br />

rocks occur adjacent to the mine'<br />

preserver vtr to preserve<br />

presidn nf pressure | drive (in an oil or gas<br />

pool) | p. absoluta absolute pressure | p.<br />

atmosferica atmospheric pressure | p. cerrada<br />

closed pressure | p. deflujo fluid pressure,<br />

flowing pressure | p. dirigida directed pressure<br />

| p. efect'wa working pressure | p. estatica static<br />

pressure | p. hidrostatica hydrostatic pressure |<br />

a presion under pressure<br />

presupuesto nm cost estimate<br />

pretectdnico,-ca adj pretectonic<br />

pretilnm[Vz] cliff<br />

pretratamiento nm pretreatment<br />

previtriano nm previtrian<br />

priaboniano,-na adj Priabonian

---

prieto,-ta adj blackish, black, very dark |<br />

rebellious, refractory (ores)<br />

prima nf bonus | p. de petroleo oil bonus<br />

primario,-ria adj primary | nm Paleozoic<br />

primordial adj primordial, essential<br />

prisma nm prism<br />

prism£tico,-ca adj prismatic<br />

prismoide afj prismoidal | nm prismoid<br />

probabilidad nf probability | p. compuesto<br />

compound probability | p. conditional<br />

conditional probability | p. total total<br />

probability<br />

probado,-da adj proven, proved<br />

procedimiento nm process (industrial or<br />

chemical)<br />

proceso nm process | processing | p. aleatorio<br />

random process | p. armonico random process<br />

| p. autoregressivo autoregressive process | p. de<br />

Markov Markov process | p. discrete discrete<br />

process | p. estacionario stationary process | p.<br />

homogeneo homogenous process | p. numerico<br />

numeric process<br />

proclorita nf ripidolite<br />

produccidn nf production | p. anual annual<br />

production | p. de un pozo yield <strong>of</strong> a well | p.<br />

del yacimiento field or pool potential | p. diario<br />

daily production | p. mensual monthly<br />

production | p. permisible allowable production<br />

| p. permitida allowable production | p.<br />

potential draw down potential | p. rdpida<br />

gutting <strong>of</strong> a well | p. real actual production | p.<br />

regulada ratable take | p. suplementaria bonus<br />

allowable<br />

producirufr to produce<br />

productivo,-va adj productive | producing<br />

producto nm product, return, yield | material |<br />

product (result <strong>of</strong> an industrial or chemical<br />

process) | p. blanco white hydrocarbon<br />

products (gasoline, kerosene etc) | p. de<br />

eruption eruptive material | p. negro black<br />

hydrocarbon product (diesel, etc)<br />

productor nm producer | p. independiente<br />

independent producer<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>undidad nf depth | footage (<strong>of</strong> a well) |<br />

[Almaden, Sp] winze<br />

pro fund izar vtr to sink or deepen<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>undu,-da adj deep | poco p. shallow<br />

progradacidn nf progradation<br />

promedio nm average | middle<br />

prometeo,-tea adj promethium<br />

promontorio nm promontory, headland | [Me"x]<br />

P-13<br />

an irregular deposit or mass | p. fangoso mud-<br />

lump<br />

propano nm propane<br />

propilita nf propylite (obs porpylitized andesite)<br />

propilitizacidn nf propylitization<br />

proporci

---

pseudobrecha nf pseudobreccia<br />

pseudocirco nm pseudocirque<br />

pseudodorita nf swelling chlorite | septchlorite<br />

| pseudochlorite<br />

pseudocrisolita nf pseudochrysotile<br />

pseudocristal nm pseudocrystal<br />

pseudodifusidn nf pseudo-diffusion<br />

pseud<strong>of</strong>alla nf pseud<strong>of</strong>ault<br />

pseudomalaquita nf pseudomalachite<br />

pseudomatriz nf pseudomatrix<br />

pseudomontana nf pseudomountain<br />

pseudom6rfico,-ca adj pseudomorphous<br />

pseudomorfismo nm pseudomorphism<br />

pseudomorfo nm pseudomorph<br />

pseudonddulo nm pseudonodule<br />

pseudop<strong>of</strong>irico,-ca adj pseudoporphyritic<br />

pseudorutilo nm pseudorutile<br />

pseudosimetria nf pseudosymmetry<br />

pseudovolca'n nm pseudovolcano<br />

pseudowavelita nf crandallite<br />

psitacinita nf mottramite<br />

pteroceriano,-na adj Pterocerian<br />

pteroceriense adj Pterocerian<br />

pucha nf [Col] one sixteenth <strong>of</strong> an almud<br />

pudinga nf conglomerate<br />

pudrir jaguas vtr [Col] to leave ores exposed to<br />

the atmosphere in the hope that the sulfides<br />

will thus be oxidized over time<br />

puerciense adj Puercan<br />

puente nm bridge | plugging <strong>of</strong> a well | head<br />

frame <strong>of</strong> a mule whim | pillar (<strong>of</strong> ore in a<br />

mine) | p. natural natural bridge, arch<br />

puerta nf door, passage | [Me"x] hard rock or<br />

boulders that conceal a vein<br />

puerto nm pass, gap<br />

puesta en produccidn nf bringing in a well<br />

pulgada nf inch | pinch | p. de minero miner's<br />

inch | p. de oro en polvo pinch <strong>of</strong> gold dust<br />

pulimentacidn nf polishing (by wind or<br />

glaciers)<br />

pulimento nm polish | p. eolico desert polish | p.<br />

glaciar glacial polish<br />

pulperia nf company store at a mine<br />

pulsacidn nf [strat, tect] pulsation<br />

pumita nf pumice<br />

pumpeliita nf pumpellyite<br />

punta nf source | point | sharp end <strong>of</strong> a tool or<br />

instrument | work shift and hence, by<br />

extension, one-third <strong>of</strong> the mitayos assigned to<br />

P-14<br />

a particular mine<br />

puntero nm stonemason's chisel<br />

punterola nf small pick<br />

puntiagudo,-da adj pointed<br />

puntista nf [Me"x] miner who knocks down<br />

loose rock from a working face preparing the<br />

way for the next shift<br />

punto nm point | p. de burbuja or burbujeo<br />

bubble point pressure | p. de concensacion<br />

condensation point | p. de ebullicion boiling<br />

point | p. defluidez pour point | p. de imagen<br />

image point | p. de inflamacion flash point | p.<br />

de marca [surv] station | p. de niebla cloud point<br />

| p. de partida point <strong>of</strong> discovery <strong>of</strong> a vein, from<br />

which claim boundaries are measured | p. de<br />

referenda reference point | p. de rocio dew<br />

point | p. muerto break even point | p. nulo null<br />

point<br />

puntoagudo,-da adj taper pointed<br />

puntualo^' point<br />

pvmzdadj flame red<br />

punzdnnm gad<br />

puquio nm [Ch, Pe] spring | [Pe] narrow<br />

galleries driven by Indians or Jesuits to reach<br />

water-bearing strata | a natural outlet <strong>of</strong><br />

groundwater from gently dipping stata<br />

purbeckiano,-na adj Purbeckian<br />

purbeckiense adj Purbeckian<br />

pureza nf purity<br />

purga nf [Cartagena, Sp] charge <strong>of</strong> slag added<br />

after a charge <strong>of</strong> ore to clean out a lead<br />

smelting furnace<br />

purgar vtr to bleed <strong>of</strong>f | p. un pozo to blow a<br />

well<br />

puro,-ra adj pure, refined | native<br />

puro plateado nm [Pe] exceptionately high<br />

grade copper ore, essentially pure copper<br />

mineral<br />

purpureo,-rea adj purple<br />

purpurino,-na adj purple<br />

puruna nf long trough for vanning silver<br />

amalgam | [Pe] earthenware or wood disk<br />

used to test ore in the patio process <strong>of</strong><br />

amalgamating silver ores<br />

puzol nm pozzolana<br />

puzolana nf pozzolana<br />

puzolanico,-ca adj pozzolan

---

Q<br />

quebrada nf fissure or break in a rock | narrow<br />

pass | ravine, gorge, gully, draw, small valley<br />

| stream, brook | broken, uneven ground<br />

quebradizo,-za adj brittle, friable<br />

quebrado,-da adj broken, rough, uneven |<br />

bankrupt | ntn fraction | [Cu] channel between<br />

reefs<br />

quebrador ntn crusher | [Me"x] ore breaker, ore<br />

cobber<br />

quebradura nf fracture, break | crack, fissure |<br />

ravine | crushing | q. de dzalladura shear joint<br />

quebrantador,-dora adj crushing | nm stone<br />

crusher or breaker | tool used for breaking<br />

stone<br />

quebradora nf crusher | c\. de carbon coal<br />

breaker | c\. de cono cone crusher | c\. de<br />

mandtbula jaw crusher | c\. de quijadas jaw<br />

crusher | q. giratoria gyratory crusher<br />

quebraja nf break, crack<br />

quebrajar vtr to crack, split<br />

quebrantable adj brittle<br />

quebrantamiento nm breaking, breaking up,<br />

breakage, shattering<br />

quebrantar vtr to break | to crush | to split | to<br />

crack | to spall<br />

quebrantarse vpr to break, crack, split<br />

quebrantador nm stone crusher or breaker |<br />

tool used for breaking stone<br />

quebrantura nf ravine<br />

quebrar vtr to break | to cob ore | vintr to<br />

break<br />

quebrarse vpr to break, be broken<br />

quebrazdn de veta nm [Me"x] break in a vein<br />

quedada nf [Bol] voluntary overtime by contract<br />

workers<br />

quedar determinado vtr delineated in space<br />

queenstownita nf Darwin glass<br />

quelidonia nf chelidon<br />

quelonita nf pyrite or marcasite with a shape<br />

that resembles a tortise shell<br />

quema nf retorting <strong>of</strong> amalgam | burning,<br />

roasting | [Me"x] roasting <strong>of</strong> ore in the patio<br />

process <strong>of</strong> amalgamation <strong>of</strong> silver ore |<br />

[Guadalcazar, Mex] calcining <strong>of</strong> mercury ore in<br />

clay retorts<br />

quemadero nm [Mex] retort used to recover<br />

mercury from amalgam in the patio process <strong>of</strong><br />

amalgamating silver ores<br />

Q-l<br />

quemado,-da adj porcellaneous | nm<br />

porcellanite | gossan having a burnt<br />

appearance | [Mex] manganese oxide staining<br />

| any dark, cindery mineral staining that looks<br />

similar to manganese oxide<br />

quemador nm [Guadalcazar, M£x] calciner <strong>of</strong><br />

mercury ores<br />

quemahlita nf kemahlite (obs, pseudoleucitic<br />

micromonzonite)<br />

quemar vtr to roast or calcine ore | to retort<br />

amalgam | c\. piedra to heat a rock and then<br />

break it by plunging in cold water<br />

quemazdn nm outcrop | [Pachuca, M£x] silver<br />

ore in which native silver and silver chlorides<br />

are found in a matrix <strong>of</strong> manganese oxides<br />

queme nm retorting <strong>of</strong> amalgam or mercury ore<br />

| [Mex] roasting <strong>of</strong> ore in the patio process <strong>of</strong><br />

amalgamation <strong>of</strong> silver ore<br />

quenita nf kenyte (obs, olivine phonolitic<br />

trachyte)<br />

quentalenita nf kentallenite ( obs, augite-olivine<br />

monzonite)<br />

queramiquita nf keramikite (obs, cordierite<br />

hyalorhyolite)<br />

queramohalita nf alunogen<br />

querargira nf cerargyrite<br />

querargirita nf cerargyrite<br />

queratdfido nm keratophyre | q. cuardfero<br />

quartz keratophyre<br />

queratdfiro nm keratophyre<br />

queratoporfirita nf keratophyre | q. cuarzosa<br />

quartz keratophyre<br />

quercyita nf carbonate-hydroxylapatite<br />

quermesita nf kermesite<br />

querogeno nm kerogen<br />

querol nm kerol<br />

querosene nm kerosene<br />

queroseno nm kerosene<br />

queroteno nm kerotene<br />

quersantita nf kersantite<br />

Quersoneso nm Kertch<br />

quesenita nf kasenite (obs, pyroxene nepheline<br />

carbonatite)<br />

quesilita nf azurite<br />

queso nm [Mex] small cake <strong>of</strong> silver resulting<br />

from roasting <strong>of</strong> silver sulfides with litharge in<br />

a small clay furnace or vaso | [Cerro de Pasco,<br />

Pe] pressed cake <strong>of</strong> amalgam<br />

quespi nm [Pe] quartz<br />

quetenita nf botryogen<br />

quetzalcoatlita n/quetzalcoatlite

---

quetzalztli nm [Mex] transluscent green vareity<br />

<strong>of</strong> jade<br />

quevellita nf kvellite (obs, ultrabasite)<br />

quiastolita nf chiastolite<br />

quiebra nf fault fracture, break, fissure |<br />

breaking or crushing <strong>of</strong> ore | bankruptcy,<br />

failure<br />

quieselgurnm kieselguhr<br />

quijo nm gangue or matrix, generally quartzose<br />

| gold- or silver-bearing quartz | q. azucarado.<br />

[Hualgayoc, Pe] very finely crystalline, sugary<br />

quartz | q. de hierro gossan | q. podrido [Pe]<br />

porous quartz <strong>of</strong>ten containing gold<br />

quilatador nm assayer (<strong>of</strong> gold or silver)<br />

quilatar vtr to assay (gold or silver)<br />

quilate nm carat | a weight <strong>of</strong> 4 granos, the third<br />

part <strong>of</strong> a tomin \ orodelS quilates 18 carat gold<br />

quilaveita nf kilaueite (obs, olivine-magnetite<br />

basalt)<br />

quilita nf kylite (obs, olivine theralite)<br />

quilo nm kilo, kilogram<br />

quilogramo nm kilogram<br />

quilolino nm kiloline<br />

quildmetro nm kilometer<br />

quillo nm [Pe] pyrite<br />

quimbalete nm [Pe] large stone used in hand<br />

grinding <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

quimberlita nf kimberlite<br />

quimica nf chemistry | chemist | q. geologica<br />

geochemistry | q. inorgdnica inorganic<br />

chemistry | q. mineral inorganic chemistry | q.<br />

orgdnica organic chemistry<br />

quimico,~ca adj chemical | nm chemical | q.<br />

geologico geochemist<br />

quimismo nm chemism<br />

Q-2<br />

quincita nf quincite (pink sepiolite) | quinzite<br />

(rose-colored common opal)<br />

quine nm Kinne diabase (obs, olivine diabase)<br />

quintal nm hundredweight | a weight<br />

equivalent to 4 arrobas \ fifth part <strong>of</strong> 100 |<br />

[ Almaden, Sp] weight <strong>of</strong> ore found in an<br />

ordinary espuerta terrera \ q. metrico 100<br />

kilograms<br />

quintalaje nm [Ch] weight in quintals<br />

quintear vtr [Bol] to sort or cob ore by hand<br />

quiroguita nf [Sierra Almagrera, Sp] antimonial<br />

galena<br />

quirunavaarita nf magnetinite<br />

quiselgurnm kieselguhr<br />

quisqueita nf [Quisque, Pe] quisqueite (var<br />

asphalti te)<br />

quitar vtr to remove | to take away | to extract,<br />

separate | q. el mineral remove or extract ore |<br />

cj. las impurezas a un mineral separate waste<br />

from ore, concentrate ore<br />

quitarse vpr to be removed, taken away,<br />

extracted, separated<br />

quinto nm fifth | [Linares, Sp] one lead-<br />

smelting operation <strong>of</strong> a boliche furnace<br />

quinto real nm old <strong>Spanish</strong> colonial tax on<br />

mines originally set at a fifth or 20 percent, but<br />

later reduced<br />

quitina nf chitin<br />

quitinoso,-sa adj chitinous<br />

quitdnnm chiton<br />

quitzalitztli nm [Mex] a green, transluscent jade<br />

quivita nf kivite (obs, olivine-leucite basanite)

---

R<br />

rabdomancia nf rhabdomancy, dowsing<br />

rabidnnm rapids | riffle<br />

rabos nmpl [Antioqua, Col] silver-rich slimes<br />

from the final (third) settling-vat used for the<br />

treatment <strong>of</strong> tailings<br />

radiacidn nf radiation | r. defondo background<br />

radiation | r. gamma gamma radiation<br />

radiactividad nf radioactivity<br />

radiactivo,-va adj radioactive<br />

radiado,-da adj radiate<br />

radial adj radial<br />

radioactivacidn nf radioactivation<br />

radioactividad nf radioactivity<br />

radioactivo,-va adj radioactive,<br />

radiocoloide nm radiocolloid<br />

radiodetector nm water monitor (for<br />

radioactivity)<br />

radioge"nico,-ca adj radiogenic<br />

radiohidrologia nf radiohydrology<br />

radiolario nm radiolarian<br />

radiolisis nf radiolysis<br />

radiolitico,-ca adj radiolitic<br />

radioluminiscencia nf radioluminescence<br />

radiom£trico,-ca adj radiometric<br />

radioquimica nf radiochemistry<br />

radioquimismo nm radiometrics<br />

raedera nf semicircular rake used for collecting<br />

ore<br />

rafa nf subsidence<br />

raiz nm root<br />

raja nf cut | crack, split<br />

rajado,-da adj split cracked | [Bol] stoped<br />

rajadura nf fissure, crack, split<br />

rajar vtr to split, crack | [Bol] to extract blockedout<br />

ore, stope<br />

rajarse vpr to split, crack<br />

rajo nm [Bol] block (<strong>of</strong> ore in a mine) | stope |<br />

shallow open cut | r. abierto glory hole | r. al<br />

sol glory hole<br />

rama nf branch | branch vein | principal gallery<br />

in a mine<br />

ramada nf branches<br />

ramaje nm collection <strong>of</strong> branches<br />

ramal nm secondary branch | secondary gallery<br />

in a mine | branch or <strong>of</strong>fshoot <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

ramalearse vpr to split <strong>of</strong>f, branch <strong>of</strong>f<br />

ramaleo nm [Guanajuato, Mex] irregular,<br />

twisted veins <strong>of</strong> quartz and calcite<br />

R-l<br />

rambla nf rambla, a dry ravine or bed <strong>of</strong> an<br />

ephemeral stream | sandy place | ground<br />

covered with sand after floods<br />

rameo nm [Ch] zone <strong>of</strong> disseminated copper<br />

ores that separates richer ores<br />

ramificackm nf division <strong>of</strong> a vein into branches<br />

ramificado,-da adj branching, braided<br />

ramificarse vpr to split up into or divide into<br />

branches, to branch, to feather out<br />

ramita de fildn nf branch or leader vein<br />

ramito nm stringer<br />

ramiza nfpl branches<br />

ramo nm small branch | branch <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

ramosita nf scoria<br />

raxnpa nf working face | ascent | [struc] ramp |<br />

slope<br />

rampla nf ramp, shallow incline<br />

rampl6n,-ona adj upright<br />

ramsayita nf lorenzenite<br />

rancholabreiense adj Rancholabrean<br />

ranquilita nf haiweeite<br />

ranura nf groove | r. de deslizamiento striae<br />

rana nf fanglomerate | [Sp] alluvial deposits <strong>of</strong><br />

Villafrankian age<br />

rapasa nf any easily worked stone<br />

rapidez nf rate | r. de crecimiento growth rate<br />

rapido nm rapids<br />

rasa nf high mountain plain | r. costera coastal<br />

plain<br />

rascar vtr to rework the surface <strong>of</strong> an<br />

abandoned mine<br />

rasgo nm characteristic, feature, trait | [Me"x]<br />

length <strong>of</strong> underground workings along the<br />

strike <strong>of</strong> a vein<br />

raspador nm [Mex] miner who works the<br />

surface <strong>of</strong> a vein or deposit,<br />

raspadura nf streak | scrapings<br />

raspar vtr to abrade | to scrape | to clean up an<br />

arrastre \ [Bol] to clean up any ore remaining in<br />

old workings<br />

raspinar vtr [Bol] to clean up any ore remaining<br />

in old workings<br />

rasposo nm [Comanja, Mex] native silver<br />

rastro nm track, trace<br />

ratonera nf [Bol] dog-hole, coyote-hole, rat-hole<br />

or any other shallow working <strong>of</strong> little<br />

consequence<br />

rauda nf rapids<br />

rauraciano,-na adj Rauracian<br />

rauraciense adj Rauracian<br />

rayado,-da adj striped, banded

---

ayano,-na adj bordering, adjacent<br />

rayo nm ray | r. gamma gamma ray | r. x X-ray<br />

razon nm ratio | rate | r. de correlacion<br />

correlation coefficient | r. de verosimilitudes<br />

likelihood ratio<br />

reaccidn nf reaction | r. esotermica exothermic<br />

reaction<br />

reaccionar vintr to react<br />

reacondicionar vtr to workover (a well)<br />

reactivacidn nf reactivation<br />

reactivo,-va adj reactive | nm reagent<br />

real nm [Me"x] mining district, traditionally<br />

consisting <strong>of</strong> at least six operating mines and<br />

four reduction works adjacent to a town<br />

governed by the appropriate civial authorities<br />

| coin used in colonial <strong>Spanish</strong> America equal<br />

to 1 /4 <strong>of</strong> a peseta or 25 centimes | r. de<br />

fontanero measure <strong>of</strong> the rate <strong>of</strong> water flow | r.<br />

de aro [Col] a weight, equivalent to a half a<br />

tomin and 1/16 a castellano<br />

realce nm any working face that is raised above<br />

haulage ways | r. lateral overhand stoping<br />

realizar vtr [Bol] to classify ores prior to<br />

selective mining<br />

reavance nm readvance<br />

rebajar vtr to stope underhand<br />

rebaje nm butting against | cut | r. de cabeza<br />

overhand stope | r. descendente underhand<br />

stope<br />

rebajo nm [Mex] working <strong>of</strong> a mineral deposit |<br />

r. del cielo overhand stoping | r. lateral<br />

underhand stoping<br />

rebanada nf a slice <strong>of</strong> mineral or rock<br />

rebanado nm slicing (in mining)<br />

rebosdadero nm [Ch] isolated, irregular pocket<br />

<strong>of</strong> ore | [Pe] gold placer<br />

rebotallero nm [Mex] person who scavenges<br />

dumps for ore<br />

reciente adj recent<br />

recincho nm [Villanueva del Rio, Sevilla, Sp]<br />

pyrite-bearing, fine-grained sandstone partings<br />

found in coal beds<br />

recial nm rapids<br />

reciclaje de gas nm cycling <strong>of</strong> gas<br />

recincho nm [Sevilla, Sp] pyritiferous sandstone<br />

occurring in coal seams<br />

recio,-ia adj coarse | nm [Sierra Almagrera, Sp]<br />

highest grade ore<br />

recobro nm recovery (expressed in percent)<br />

recodo nm river bend<br />

recoger vtr to collect | to gather or collect ores<br />

R-2<br />

recolectar vtr to collect<br />

recompresion nf repressuring (an almost<br />

depleted well)<br />

reconcentrado nm [Mex] concentrate<br />

reconcentrar vtr to concentrate<br />

recongelacion nf refreezing<br />

reconocer vtr to search or explore for mineral<br />

deposits | to prospect<br />

reconociendo nm prospecting, exploration<br />

reconocimiento nm exploration, prospecting,<br />

search | reconnaissance<br />

reconsecuente adj reconsequent, resequent<br />

reconstructivo,-va adj recontructive<br />

recorrer vtr to traverse<br />

recorrimiento nm [surv] traversing<br />

recorte nm [Bol] cross-cut<br />

recostado,-da adj recumbant<br />

recostar vintr to dip<br />

recristalizacion nf recrystallization<br />

rectificacion nf rectification | correction <strong>of</strong> a<br />

mining claim<br />

rectilineo,-nea adj rectilinear<br />

recto,-ta adj straight<br />

recubrimiento nm covering<br />

recuesto nm inclination or dip | slope<br />

recumbente adj recumbent<br />

recuperacion nf recovery (<strong>of</strong> ore etc.) | r.<br />

secundaria secondary recovery<br />

recurso nm resource | r. no renewable<br />

nonrenewable resource<br />

rechazo nm fault <strong>of</strong>fset or displacement | r.<br />

horizontal horizontal displacement | r. vertical<br />

vertical displacement, throw<br />

red nf network, stockwork | crystal structure |<br />

r. alveolar network | r. atomica atomic structure<br />

| r. cristalogrdfica crystal structure | r. de<br />

fracturas fracture network | r. de iones ionic<br />

structure | r. filoniana stockwork<br />

redenominado,-da adj renamed<br />

redeposicion nf redeposition<br />

redepositado,-da adj redeposited, reworked<br />

redepositar vtr to redeposit<br />

redeposito nm redeposition<br />

rediferenciacidn nf redifferentiation<br />

redoma nf laboratory flask<br />

redondeado,-da adj rounded<br />

redondez nf round ness<br />

redoniense adj Redonian<br />

redoxomdrfico,-ca adj redoxomorphic<br />

redruthita nf chalcocite<br />

reduccidn nf reduction | r. de escorias slag

---

fuming (reduction <strong>of</strong> zinc oxide in lead slag)<br />

reducir vtr [chem] to reduce<br />

reductor,-tora adj reducing | nm reducing<br />

agent reducer<br />

reempiazamiento nm replacement<br />

reemplazar vtr to replace<br />

reempiazo nm replacement<br />

reentrante adj reentrant | nm reentrant<br />

refinado,da adj refined | r. alfuego fire refined<br />

reflnadura nf refining<br />

refinar vtr to refine<br />

refineria nf refinery | r. petrolifera oil refinery<br />

refino nm refinery | refining<br />

reflectancia nf reflectance<br />

reflejado,-ja adj reflected<br />

reflejo,-ja adj reflected | nm fluorescence <strong>of</strong><br />

petroleum, "bloom"<br />

reflexion nf reflection | r. fantasma ghost<br />

reflection<br />

reflujo nm ebb tide | reflux<br />

refoga nf [Pe] retort used for vaporizing<br />

mercury from amalgam<br />

refogar vtr [Pe] to retort amalgram<br />

refoliacidn nf refoliation<br />

reformacidn nf reformation (petroleum<br />

products)<br />

reformar vtr to reform (petroleum products)<br />

refraccidn nf refraction | r. de clivaje cleavage<br />

refraction | r. del crucero cleavage refraction |<br />

r. de la esqiustocidad cleavage refraction | r.<br />

doble double refraction<br />

refractar vtr to refract<br />

refractario,-ria adj refractory | nm refraction<br />

refractivo,-va nm refractive<br />

refractometria nf refractometry<br />

refractdmetro nm refractometer<br />

refringencia nf refractivity, refringence<br />

refringente adj refringent<br />

refringir vtr to refract<br />

refugiense adj Refugian<br />

regadura nf undercutting, undermining, holing<br />

| undercut<br />

regato nm pool | stream<br />

regatdn nm [Col] kind <strong>of</strong> chopper used in<br />

washing gold<br />

regelacidn nf regelation<br />

regenerado,-da adj regenerated<br />

regente nm [Bol] mine foreman<br />

region nf region | r. abisal abyssal area | r.<br />

adiabatica adiabatic region | r. asismica aseismic<br />

region | r. de ablation ablation area | r. de<br />

R-3<br />

aceptacion acceptance region | r. de hundimiento<br />

graben | r. de rechazo rejection region<br />

registracidn nf [maps] registration<br />

registrar vtr to file, to register (a mining claim)<br />

registro nm record | log | logging | r. acustico<br />

acoustic log | r. de pozo well log | well logging<br />

| r. electrico electric log<br />

regla nf rule | pattern | [surv] rod used in<br />

measuring base <strong>of</strong> triangulation | r. de calculo<br />

slide rule<br />

regldn nm [surv] vertical measuring rod<br />

regmatico,-ca adj regmatic<br />

regola nf undercut<br />

regolita nf regolith<br />

regradacidn nf regradation<br />

regresionn/fstrat, stats] regression | r. lineal<br />

linear regression | r. polinomica polynomial<br />

regression<br />

regresivo,-va adj regressive<br />

reguero nm undercut<br />

regular adj average, usual, normal<br />

rehabilitacidn nf rehabilitation, reopening (<strong>of</strong><br />

mines, workings, etc.)<br />

rejalgarnm realgar<br />

rejilla nf ripple<br />

rejuvenado,-da adj rejuvenated<br />

rejuvenecimiento nm rejuvenation<br />

relacidn nf ratio, proportion | rate | r. de<br />

actividad activity ratio | r. gas/petroleo gas oil<br />

ratio<br />

relacionado,-da adj allied<br />

relajacidn nf relaxation<br />

relativo,-va adj relative<br />

relaves nmpl residues remaining after washing<br />

<strong>of</strong> placer ores | second washing <strong>of</strong> ore | tails<br />

relece nm [Col] ore left behind in former<br />

workings as unpr<strong>of</strong>itable<br />

relevamiento nm topographic survey<br />

relevar vtr to take topography<br />

relicto,-ta adj relict<br />

relieve nm relief | r. de erosion erosional relief |<br />

r. estructural structural relief | en r. in relief<br />

reliquia nf relict<br />

reliz nm [Mex] wall-rock separating branches <strong>of</strong><br />

a vein | bounding plane between wall rock and<br />

ore<br />

reluciente adj clear | [Mex] finely crystalline<br />

(said <strong>of</strong> galena)<br />

relumbroso,-sa adj shining, glistening<br />

relleno nm filling | filler | backfill (in a mine) |<br />

rellena defisura fracture filling

---

emanso nm pool <strong>of</strong> still water | backwater<br />

remate nm pinch out, thinning or wedging out.<br />

remocidn nf denudation<br />

remolenita nf atacamite<br />

remolino nm whirlpool, eddy, swirl | pocket,<br />

mass or bunch <strong>of</strong> ore | [Pampa de Nevar, Pe]<br />

supergene ores consisting <strong>of</strong> native gold and<br />

silver spun together like thread or wire<br />

rendicidn nf yield<br />

rendimiento nm yield, return | product, output<br />

| daily production rate for oil and /or gas wells<br />

| r. de un pozo yield <strong>of</strong> a well<br />

rendir vintr to yield | to produce<br />

renglonadura nf ruled lines | nfpl ruling<br />

reniforme adj reniform, kidney-shaped<br />

renio nm rhenium | r.-osmio rhenium-osmium<br />

renta nf income | rent | interest, return | r. neta<br />

de amortization decredente net income for<br />

depletion allowance | a r. on lease<br />

rentabilidad nf pr<strong>of</strong>itability<br />

rentable adj pr<strong>of</strong>itable<br />

renter vtr to yield, produce | to let, rent<br />

reoignimbrite nf rheoignimbrite<br />

reologia nf rheology<br />

reoldgico,-ca adj rheologic<br />

reomdrfico,-ca adj rheomorphic<br />

reomorfismo nm rheomorphism<br />

reotropismo nm rheotropism<br />

repacho nm slope<br />

repartemiento nm allotment <strong>of</strong> mitayos to a mine<br />

or mill<br />

reparto de la demanda nm prorationing<br />

repasiri nm minga employed to mix, ladle and<br />

trod ore in the patio process <strong>of</strong> amalgamation<br />

<strong>of</strong> silver ores<br />

repecho nm declivity, slope<br />

repeticidn nf repeatability<br />

repetido,-da adj repeated<br />

repettiense adj Repettian<br />

replica de un terremoto nf aftershock,<br />

represa nf dam | r. para colas tailings dam<br />

representecidn de un registro nf [seis] play back<br />

reproduccidn nf reproductibility<br />

reptecidn nf creep | r. del suelo soil creep<br />

reptente adj creeping<br />

requiebro nm crushing <strong>of</strong> ores after exploitation<br />

| [Almaden, Sp] medium grade mercury ore<br />

resaca nf wave recession, backwash | resaca, a<br />

long narrow, meandering lake in the bed <strong>of</strong> a<br />

former stream channel<br />

resalto nm rebound<br />

R-4<br />

resbaladero nm ore chute<br />

resbalado,-da adj overlapping<br />

resbalamiento nm overlapping<br />

resbalarse vpr to run side-by-side (as for veins)<br />

resbalo nm hill with steep slopes | abrupt slope<br />

resbaldnnm overlapping | landslide | fault<br />

rescater vtr [Me"x] to buy ore<br />

rescate nm [Mex] tribute <strong>of</strong> gold demanded <strong>of</strong><br />

native peoples by the conquering <strong>Spanish</strong> |<br />

public sale <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

rescatin nm person who buys ore from Indians<br />

in small lots<br />

reseco nm [Santa Eulalia, M

---

estita nf restite<br />

resto nm residue<br />

restringido,-da adj restricted<br />

restringir vtr to restrict, limit<br />

resumennm abstract<br />

resumidero nm [Guerrero, Mex] limestone cave<br />

or cavern<br />

resurgencia nf resurgence<br />

resurgente adj resurgent<br />

retardacidnn/[cryst] retardation<br />

retencidn nf retention<br />

retenido,-da adj retained<br />

reticulado,-da adj reticulate, reticulated,<br />

resembling a network | en reticulado.<br />

stockwork<br />

reticular ad;' net-like<br />

reticulo nm lattice<br />

retiano,-na adj Rhaetian<br />

retiense adj Rhaetian<br />

retinasfalto nm retinasphalt<br />

retinita nf retinite | pitchstone<br />

retorta nf retort<br />

retroceso nm recession<br />

retrodiagenesis nf hypergenesis<br />

retrogradacidn nf retrogradation<br />

retrogrades-da adj retrograde<br />

retrogresidn nf retrogression<br />

retrogresivo,-va adj retrogressive<br />

retrometamorfismo nm retrogressive<br />

metamorphism<br />

retroplaya nf backshore<br />

retuerta nf bend in a river<br />

retziano nm Retzian<br />

revenidero nm rock altered by infiltration <strong>of</strong><br />

surface or underground water<br />

revenimiento nm subsidence | cave-in<br />

reventadero nm rough, uneven ground |<br />

outcrop<br />

reventazdn nm [Me"x] outcrop<br />

reventdn nm mass <strong>of</strong> fine native silver | outcrop<br />

reverberacidn nf calcination or roasting in a<br />

reverberatory furnace<br />

reverberante adj reverberatory<br />

reverberar vtr to roast (ore)<br />

revisador nm worker who examines ore<br />

separated by miners<br />

revolcar vtr [Bol] to rework (old dumps, etc.)<br />

revoltura nf [Mex] mixing ore with flux for<br />

smelting<br />

rezaga nf ore left in a mine<br />

rezagado,-da adj [M£x] piled up, heaped<br />

R-5<br />

rezago nm ore left in a mine | [Bol, Pe] fee paid<br />

to avoid the mlta or to avoid having to replace<br />

mitayos or mingas under one's charge who have<br />

fled<br />

rezumir vtr to ooze, exude | to percolate | vintr<br />

to seep, ooze<br />

rezumirse vpr to ooze, seep<br />

rhodaniense adj Rhodanian<br />

ria nf ria, creek | mouth <strong>of</strong> a river | estuary<br />

riacolita nf sanidine<br />

riachuelo nm rivlet<br />

riazaniense adj Ryazanian<br />

riatillo nm rivlet<br />

ribazo nm mound, hillock, sloping bank<br />

ribera nf river bank (usually steep) | seashore |<br />

r. alta high bank | undercut stope j r. playa flat<br />

bank, slip-<strong>of</strong>f slope<br />

TLCOf-CAadj rich<br />

riego nm [Col] float derived from a mineral<br />

deposit<br />

riel nm small ingot or bar <strong>of</strong> metal<br />

rielado,-da adj reduced to ingots<br />

rielera nf ingot mold<br />

riesgo nm risk<br />

rifle nm riffle<br />

rigidez nf rigidity<br />

rimaya nf bergschrund, crevasse<br />

rimero nm heap, pile | string <strong>of</strong> gads<br />

rimpilita nf rimpylite<br />

rincdn nm inside corner | nook | open-ended<br />

basin on a mountain | square-cut recess or<br />

hollow in a cliff or reentrant in the borders <strong>of</strong> a<br />

palteau or mesa | small secluded valley |<br />

inside bend <strong>of</strong> a stream<br />

rinkita nf mosandrite<br />

rinkolita nf mosandrite<br />

rinon nm kidney-shaped mass <strong>of</strong> ore, nodular<br />

ore | wood tin | point at which the ore in a<br />

mine becomes abundant<br />

rio nm river | r. ancho stream | r. inadaptado<br />

misfit river<br />

rioandesita nf rhyoandesite<br />

riocristal nm rhyocrystal<br />

riodacita nf rhyodacite<br />

riodiabasico,-ca adj rhyodiabasic<br />

riolita nf rhyolite<br />

riotaxftico,-ca adj rhyotaxitic<br />

ripio nm rubble | spalled rock or ore | small<br />

ores or fines | drill cutting | residue | gravel |<br />

[Col] spalled ore | [Ch] residue left from<br />

evaporating caliche

---

iqueza nf riches | richness | nfpl wealth | r.<br />

fosilifera fossil content<br />

risco nm crag, cliff, escarpment | [Mex] bull<br />

quartz | [Villanueva del Rio, Sp] country rock<br />

ritmico,-ca adj rhythmic<br />

ritmita nf rythmite<br />

rizadura nf ripple | ripple mark | r. asimetrica<br />

asymmetric ripple | r. conjugada compound<br />

ripple | r. de cauce ripple scour | r. de<br />

interferencia cross ripple | r. de resaca backwash<br />

ripple | r. incampleta star ripple | r. linguloide<br />

cuspate or linguloid ripple | r. regresiva<br />

regressive ripple | r. simetrica symmetric ripple<br />

| r. transoersa transverse ripple<br />

robado,-da adj robbed (as for pillars) | [Col]<br />

showing signs <strong>of</strong> having been worked before<br />

robin nm rust<br />

robusto,-ta adj robust<br />

roca nf rock | r. abisal abyssal rock | r.<br />

abarregada roches moutonees | r. acida acid<br />

rock | r. alcalina alkaline rock | r. alcalinocaldca<br />

calcalkaline rock | r. almacen reservoir rock | r.<br />

amigdaloide amygdaloid rock | r. amorfa<br />

amorphous rock | r. asquistica aschistic rock |<br />

r. autigena authigenic rock | r. basica basic rock<br />

| r. calcdrea calcareous rock | r. carbonatada<br />

carbonate rock | r. cldstica clastic rock | r. de<br />

anhidrita anhydrock | r. de caja wall rock | r. de<br />

contacto contact metamorphosed rock | r.<br />

cristalina crystalline rock | r. de cubierta cover<br />

rock | r. de espaldos country rock | r. de nabos<br />

laterite | r. del lugar country rock | r. efusiva<br />

extrusive rock | r. encajante wall rock | r.<br />

eruptiva igneous rock | r. esquistosa schistic<br />

rock | r. esteril barren rock | r. estratificada<br />

stratified rock | r. extrusiva extrusive rock | r.<br />

filoniana dike rock | r. fragmentosa clastic rock |<br />

r. hialina volcanic glass | r.-hongo \ r.<br />

intermediaria intermediate rock | r. intrusiva<br />

intrusive rock | r. madre gangue | source rock<br />

| r. magmatica magmatic rock | r. maleta<br />

suitcase rock | r. metamarfica metamorphic<br />

rock | r. muerta bedrock (placers) | r. pelitica<br />

pelitic rock | r. picada crushed stone | r.<br />

plutonica plutonic rock | r. productiva reservoir<br />

rock | r. redpiente reservoir rock | r. salina<br />

evaporite | r. sedimentaria sedimentary rock |<br />

r. silicea silicic rock | r. superficial volcanic rock<br />

| r. intrea volcanic glass | r. vecina country<br />

rock, wall rock | r. verde greenstone | r. viva<br />

unaltered rock | r. volcdnica volcanic rock | r.<br />

R-6<br />

zoogena organic rock<br />

rocalita nf rockallite (obs, alkalic granite)<br />

rocalla nf rubble, talus | stone chippings |<br />

striated pebble<br />

rocalloso,-sa adj rocky, rubbly | stony<br />

rocoso,-sa adj rocky, rubbly | stony<br />

rodado,-da adj round | nm float | gravel<br />

rodesita nf rhodesite<br />

rodio nm rhodium<br />

rodita nf rhodite | diogenite<br />

rodizita nf rhodizite<br />

rodocrosita nf rhodocrosite<br />

rodolita nf rhodolite<br />

rodonita nf rhodonite<br />

rodostannita nf rhodostannite<br />

rodusita nf rhodusite<br />

roedura nf erosion | corrosion, attrition<br />

roela nf round piece <strong>of</strong> crude gold or silver<br />

roeperita nf roepperite<br />

toervtr to erode<br />

roeslerita nf roesslerite, rosslerite<br />

rogianita nf roggianite<br />

rojizo,-za adj reddish<br />

rojo,-ja adj red | nm red | r. blanco white heat |<br />

r. cereza cherry red<br />

rombal adj rhombic<br />

rdmbico,-ca adj rhombic<br />

rombiforme adj rhombic<br />

rombododecaedro nm rhombic dodecahedron<br />

romboedrico,-ca adj rhombohedral<br />

romboedro nm rhombohedron<br />

romboidal adj rhomboidal, diamond-shaped<br />

romboide nm rhomboid<br />

romboideo,-dea adj rhomboid<br />

rompeolas nm wave breaker, breakwater<br />

rompepiedras nm stone crusher<br />

romper vtr to break, crush | to pierce,<br />

penetrate, break through<br />

rompiente nm breaking | breaker | reef, shoal<br />

rompimiento nm communication between any<br />

two parts <strong>of</strong> a mine | breaking througj<br />

ronguero nm [Pe] ore carrier who uses a capacho<br />

roqueda nf rocky place<br />

roquedal nm rocky place<br />

roquedo nm crag, rock<br />

roqueno,-na adj rocky<br />

rosa adj pink | nf rose diamond | rose, rosette<br />

| r. de diadasas joint rose or rosette<br />

rosado,-da adj pink, rosy, rose-colored<br />

rosario nm chain | en rosario en echeldn<br />

roseta nf rosette copper

---

osiclernm bright rosy color | ruby silver<br />

(proustite-pyrargyrite) | r. claro proustite | r.<br />

de cobre cuprite | r. negro stephanite | r. oscuro<br />

pyrargyrite<br />

rosolita nf landerite<br />

rosterita nf vorobyevite<br />

rotacidn nf rotation<br />

rotacional adj rotational<br />

rotativo,-va adj rotary<br />

rotatorio,-ria adj rotary<br />

rotoinversidn nf rotoinversion<br />

rotoreflexidn nf rotoreflection<br />

rdtulo nm tag<br />

roza nf undercutting | [Cu] land measure <strong>of</strong><br />

about 1.2 acres<br />

rozadora nf coal cutting machine<br />

rozadura nf undercut<br />

rozar vtr to undercut, cut away<br />

rubelita nf rubellite (variety <strong>of</strong> tourmaline)<br />

rubeo,-bea adj reddish<br />

rubi nm (pi rubies) ruby | r.balaje balas ruby | r.<br />

de bohemia rose quartz | r. de estano red<br />

crystalline variety <strong>of</strong> cassiterite | r. del brasil<br />

red topaz | r. del cabo Cape ruby | r. espinela<br />

spinel ruby | r. estrellado star ruby | r, oriental<br />

corundum. | r. rosado balas ruby<br />

rubial nm [Cartagena, Sp] siliceous, magnesium<br />

bearing partings in iron ore<br />

rubidio nm rubidium | r.-estroncio rubidium-<br />

strontium<br />

rubinblenda nf rubinblende<br />

rubio nm limonite | brown hematite<br />

rubornm bright red<br />

rugosidad nf rugosity<br />

rugoso,-sa adj rugose, wrinkled<br />

rumbadero nm ore shoot<br />

rumbeador nm [Me"x] prospector<br />

rumbo nm strike | direction | r. del buzamiento<br />

dip direction<br />

rumbdn nm weathering<br />

runita nf graphic granite<br />

rupeliano,-na adj Rupelian<br />

rupeliense adj Rupelian<br />

ruptura nf rupture | r, de pendiente break in<br />

slope<br />

rusciniense adj Ruscinian.<br />

rutenarsenita nf ruthenarsenite<br />

ruteniridosmina nf rutheniridosmine<br />

rutenio nm ruthenium<br />

rutenosmiridio nm ruthenosmiridium<br />

rutilado,-da adj rutilated<br />

rutilo nm rutile<br />

R-7

---

saaliense adj Saalian<br />

sa'bado nm a piece <strong>of</strong> high grade ore, <strong>of</strong> the sort<br />

that Mexican miners were once permitted to<br />

search for on the mine dumps each Saturday (el<br />

sabado) or might otherwise help themselves to<br />

on any other day <strong>of</strong> the week<br />

sabana nf savannah | a placer mine located<br />

above water, on the banks <strong>of</strong> a river<br />

sabanalamar nm [Col] low-lying area frequently<br />

flooded by the sea<br />

sabanazo nm [Col] small stretch <strong>of</strong> flat land<br />

sabanera nf diorite<br />

sabiniense adj Sabinian<br />

sabldn nm coarse sand<br />

sa'bulo nm fine gravel<br />

sabuloso,-sa adj sandy, gritty, arenaceous,<br />

sabulous, sabulose, sabuline<br />

saca nf extraction, taking out, withdrawl,<br />

removal <strong>of</strong> ore, etc. | [Bol] drill cuttings<br />

sacador nm sampler | s. de muestras sampler,<br />

sampling device<br />

sacamuestras nfpl sampler, sampling device |<br />

core barrel | s. defondo bottom sampler | s. de<br />

pared side wall sampler<br />

sacanucleo nm core barrel | s. de pared wall<br />

sampler<br />

sacar vtr to extract, take out, remove ores, etc.<br />

sacatestigo nm core barrel<br />

saco nm sack | s. de ixtle. sack made from the<br />

fibre <strong>of</strong> the lechaguilla plant that holds 5 to 6<br />

arrobas <strong>of</strong> ore | de s. or en s. irregular, sack-like<br />

sacudida nf shaking | s. stsmica earthquake<br />

saetin nm chute, headrace, flume<br />

sagenitico,-ca adj rutilated, sagenitic<br />

saheliano,-na adj Sahelian<br />

saheliense adj Sahelian<br />

sajoniano,-na adj Saxonian<br />

sajdnico,-ca adj Saxonian<br />

sajoniense adj Saxonian<br />

sajonita nf saxonite<br />

sakmariense adj Sakmarian<br />

sal nf salt | s. amarga epsomite | s. blanca<br />

washed salt | s. comun rock salt, halite | .s. de<br />

agua salt crystallized from water | s. de l^-co<br />

porous, impure rock salt | s. de compds sock<br />

salt | s. de corazon. pure, nonporous salt | s. de<br />

desecho salts such as kieserite, sylvanite,<br />

carnalite, kainite and polyhalite that were once<br />

S-l<br />

considered worthless | s. de desescombro beds <strong>of</strong><br />

potassium and magnesium salts | s. de garza<br />

rock salt intermediate in purity and porosity<br />

between s. de barca and s. de corazon \ s. de<br />

manantiales brine salt j s. de roca rock salt | s. de<br />

tierra impure salt found in dried lake beds | s.<br />

dura salts <strong>of</strong> the sylvite group, e.g. sylvite,<br />

kieserite and halite | s. gema sock salt, halite |<br />

s. gorda or en grumos clotty salt evaporated<br />

from brine | s. marina sea salt | s. pedres or<br />

piedra rock salt | s. potasica potassium salt | s.<br />

principal carnalite, kieserite and halite | s. roja<br />

unwashed salt<br />

salacuifer nm saline aquifer<br />

salada nf [US] salt covered plain where a lake<br />

has evaporated<br />

saladar nm salt marsh | pool filled with tide or<br />

flood waters in which salt deposits are formed<br />

by evaporation | dry lake, salar<br />

salado,-da adj saline, salty, salt<br />

salar nm saline lake deposits consisting largely<br />

<strong>of</strong> evaporites and brines | salt marsh | salt flat<br />

| salting <strong>of</strong> a mine or prospect<br />

salazdn nm [Arg] salinity<br />

salbanda nf thin layer <strong>of</strong> clay between a vein<br />

and wall-rock, selvage, salband<br />

salero nm salt mine<br />

salfemico,-ca adj salfemic<br />

salico,-ca adj salic<br />

salida nf outcrop | leak or seep<br />

saliente nm salient<br />

salifero,-ra adj saliferous<br />

salina nf salt mine | salt marsh | salina | salt<br />

pan | salt basin | salt flat | [Arg] salt desert<br />

salina s nfpl salt works | salt marsh<br />

salinero,-ra adj salt | requiring much salt in the<br />

patio process <strong>of</strong> amalgamation <strong>of</strong> silver ore |<br />

nm person employed to add salt to ore in the<br />

patio process <strong>of</strong> amalgamating silver ore<br />

salinidad nf salinity<br />

saliniense adj Salinan<br />

salinizacidn nf salinization<br />

salino,-na adj saline, salty<br />

salinometro nm salinometer<br />

salitrado,-da adj saltpetrous<br />

salitral adj saltpetrous | nm salt deposit |<br />

saltpeter deposit | saltpeter/nitrate works |<br />

salt basin | [Arg] salt marsh, salt steppe<br />

salitre nm salpeter, niter | [Ch] sodium nitrate<br />

salitrera nf salpeter deposit or bed | [Ch]<br />

deposit <strong>of</strong> sodium nitrate

---

salitreria nf salpeter or nitrate works<br />

salitrero,-ra adj salpetrous | nm salpeter worker<br />

salitroso,-sa adj salpetrous<br />

salma nf ton<br />

salmoita nf tarbuttite<br />

salmuera nf brine<br />

salobral adj saline<br />

salobre adj brackish, briny or salty<br />

salobreno/na adj saline<br />

salobridad nf saltiness, brackishness<br />

salon nm cavern or chamber <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

saloneo nm [Bol] room with ro<strong>of</strong> supported by<br />

pillars or timbering<br />

salopiense adj Salopian<br />

salsa nf mud volcano<br />

salsedumbre nf salinity<br />

salsima nf salsima, sialsima<br />

saltacidn nf saltation<br />

saltierra nf impure salt derived from dried lake<br />

beds<br />

salto nm throw <strong>of</strong> a fault | fault | s. aparente a<br />

younger vein which intersects an older vein at<br />

an acute angle such that it follows the older<br />

vein for a distance | s. de agua waterfall | s.<br />

horizontal horizontal displacement, shift | s.<br />

neto slip | s. vertical vertical displacement,<br />

throw<br />

samario nm samarium | s.-neodimio samariumneodymium<br />

sammita nf psammite<br />

sammitico,-ca adj psammitic<br />

sammogenico,-ca adj psammogenic<br />

sandfa nf [NMex] oblong, oval or rounded<br />

mountain resembling a watermelon<br />

saneado,-da adj drained<br />

saneamiento nm drainage<br />

sanear vtr to drain, dry out<br />

sangamoniense adj Sangamonian<br />

sangria nf a tunnel that joins two main shafts<br />

sanguinaria nf bloodstone<br />

sanidina nf sanidine<br />

sannoniano,-na adj Sannonian<br />

sannoniense adj Sannonian<br />

sano nm whole, virgin, unworked ground<br />

santoniano,-na adj Santonian<br />

santoniense adj Santonian<br />

sanukitoide nm orthoandesite<br />

sapantracita nf sapanthracite<br />

saperita nf sapperite<br />

saponita nf soaps tone, saponite<br />

saprolitico,-ca adj saprolitic<br />

S-2<br />

sapropel nm sapropel<br />

sapropelico,-ca adj sapropelic<br />

sapropelita nf sapropel<br />

saprosammita nf sandy sapropel<br />

sarabiado,-da adj gneissic<br />

sarcopsida nf sarcopside<br />

sardiense adj Sardic<br />

sardio nm sard<br />

sardo nm sard<br />

sarddnica nf sard<br />

sarddnice nm sardonyx<br />

sardonic nm sardonyx<br />

sarddnique nm sardonyx<br />

sarddnix nm sardonyx<br />

sarmatiano,-na adj Sarmantian<br />

sarmantiense adj Sarmantian<br />

sano nm scale, incrustation<br />

sarroso,-sa adj scaley, incrusted<br />

sasasa nf [Vz] a local variety <strong>of</strong> sandstone<br />

sassolina nf sassolite<br />

satelita nf satelite, fibrous serpentine<br />

saturacidn nf saturation | s. pendular pendular<br />

water saturation<br />

saturado,-da adj saturated<br />

saturar&fr to saturate<br />

saucesiense adj Saucesian<br />

saukovita nf metacinnabar<br />

saussuritizacidn nf saussuritization<br />

scachita nf scacchite<br />

scytiano,-na adj Scythian<br />

scytiense a^j Scythian<br />

schapbachita nf matildite<br />

scheibeita nf phoenicochroite<br />

schoenita nf picromerite<br />

secano nm sand bar<br />

secas nfpl refined silver<br />

seccidn nf section | 5. delgada thin section | 5.<br />

longitudinal longitudinal section | s.<br />

pulimentada polished section | s. transversal<br />

cross section<br />

secadal nm moorland<br />

secrecidn nf secretion | segregation<br />

sectil adj sectile<br />

secron nm sechron<br />

sector nm section, part, sector | area, zone<br />

secuaniano,-na adj Sequanian<br />

secuaniense adj Sequanian<br />

secuencia nf sequence | s. estratigrafica<br />

sedimentary sequence<br />

secundario,-ria adj secondary | supergene | nm<br />

Mesozoic

---

sedentario,-ria adj sedentary<br />

sedifluccidn nf sedifluction<br />

sedimentacidn nf sedimentation | s. euxina<br />

euxenic sedimentation<br />

sedimentar nf to aggrade, sediment<br />

sedimentario,-ria adj sedimentary<br />

sedimento nm sediment deposit | s. abisal<br />

pelagic sediment | s. anemogeno aeolian<br />

sediment | s. cldstico clastic sediment | s. de<br />

mar pr<strong>of</strong>undo pelagic sediment | s. efestogeno<br />

volcaniclastic sediment | s. eolico aeolian<br />

sediment | s. biogeno organic sediment | s.<br />

cldstico clastic sediment | s. criogeno glacial<br />

sediment | s. eolico aeolian sediment | s.<br />

eupeldgico \ s. fluvial fluvial sediment | s.<br />

hemipeldgico hemipelagic deposit | s. limnico<br />

lacustrine sediment | s. litoral coastal sediment<br />

| s. marino marine sediment | s. mecdnico<br />

mechanical sediment | s. orgdnico organic<br />

sediment | s. organogeno organic sediment | s.<br />

peldgico pelagic deposit | s. quimico chemical<br />

sediment<br />

sedimentos nmpl drill cuttings<br />

sedimentologia nf sedimentology<br />

sedimentorio nm sedimentation<br />

sedoso,-sa adj silky<br />

seelandiense adj Seelandian<br />

seficidad nf psephicity<br />

sefita nf sudite, psephite<br />

sefitico,-ca adj psephitic<br />

segmentacidn nf segmentation<br />

segmentado,-da adj segmented<br />

segmento nm segment<br />

segregacidn nf segregation<br />

segregado,-da adj segregated<br />

segullo nm overburden on a gold mine<br />

segundo nm second<br />

seismo nm earthquake, seism<br />

seleccidn nf selection, sorting | s. a mano hand<br />

sorting<br />

seleccionado,-da adj sorted, selected<br />

selectivo,-va adj selective<br />

selenio nm selenium<br />

selenato nm selenate<br />

selenida nf selenide<br />

selenita nf selenite<br />

selen-telurio nm selen-tellurium<br />

semialto nm [Tepezala, Aguascalientes, Mex]<br />

furnace used for smelting copper ore<br />

semiantracita nf semianthracite<br />

semibituminoso,-sa adj semibituminous<br />

S-3<br />

semicrat6nico,-ca adj quasicratonic<br />

semicristalino,-na adj hyalocrystalline<br />

senda nf foot trail, path<br />

senecaniense adj Senecan<br />

senectud nf senescence<br />

senescente adj senescent<br />

senil adj senile (erosion)<br />

senilidad nf senility (erosion)<br />

seno nm trough<br />

senoniano,-na adj Senonian<br />

senoniense adj Senonian<br />

sensitividad nf sensitivity<br />

sentarse en vpr to intersect, as in a shaft<br />

intersecting a vein<br />

sentazdn nm rock slide or landslide<br />

sentido nm sense or direction <strong>of</strong> throw on a<br />

fault<br />

senoraje nm royalty paid to the crown or state<br />

senorial nm [Huancavelica, Pe] smelter tolls<br />

paid to owners <strong>of</strong> pachamanca furnaces<br />

separacidn nf sorting or classification <strong>of</strong> ore |<br />

separation | parting<br />

separar vtr to sort or classify ore<br />

separata nf reprint<br />

sepe" nm [Col] layer <strong>of</strong> iron stained clay found<br />

above auriferous gravels<br />

separador nm separator | s. de gas gas separator<br />

septentrional nm vein having a north-south<br />

trend<br />

septima nf one seventh <strong>of</strong> the able-bodied work<br />

force <strong>of</strong> an Indian community drawn for<br />

service in the mita<br />

sequaniense adj Sequanian<br />

ser un oral v. intr. [Col] to be a rich mine<br />

sericitico,-ca adj sericitic<br />

sericitizacidn n/serialization<br />

serie nf series | s. calco-alcalina calc-alkaline<br />

series | s. isocjuimica isochemical series | s.<br />

ordenada ordered series | s. petrolifera oil-<br />

bearing series or strata<br />

serir nm serir, stony desert<br />

serpenteado,-da adj having a serpentine or<br />

highly variable strike or trend (veins)<br />

serpentina nf serpentine | s. fibrosa crysotile | s.<br />

hojosa antigorite<br />

serpentinizacidn nf sepentinization<br />

serp<strong>of</strong>ita nf serpophita<br />

serrado,-da adj serrate, serrated<br />

serrania nf ridge<br />

serravalliense adj Serravallian<br />

sesgadura nf shearing

---

sesgo,-ga adj biased | nm bias | sin s. unbiased<br />

sesgoconglomerado nm edgewise structure<br />

seudoautunita nf pseudoautunite<br />

seudoboleita nf pseudoboleite<br />

seudobomba nf lava ball<br />

seudobrecha nf pseudobreccia<br />

seudobrookita nf pseudobrookite<br />

seudocapa nf pseud obed<br />

seudocarst nm pseudokarst<br />

seudocirco nm pseudocirque<br />

seudodorita nf pseudochlorite<br />

seudoconcrecidn nf pseudoconcretion<br />

seudoconglomerado nm pseudoconglomerate<br />

seudocotunita nf pseudocotunnite<br />

seudocrisolita nf pseudochrysolite<br />

seudocrital nm pseudocrystal<br />

seudo-difusidn nf pseudo-diffusion<br />

seud<strong>of</strong>alla nf pseud<strong>of</strong>ault<br />

seud<strong>of</strong>enocristo nm pseudophenocryst<br />

seud<strong>of</strong>ibroso,-sa adj pseud<strong>of</strong>ibrous<br />

seud<strong>of</strong>ita nf pseudophite<br />

seud<strong>of</strong>dsil nm pseud<strong>of</strong>ossil<br />

seudogalena nf sphalerite<br />

seudogradacional adj pseudogradational<br />

seudolaguna nf pseudolagoon<br />

seudolaueita nf pseudolaueite<br />

seudoleucita nf pseudoleucite<br />

seudomalaquita nf pseudomalachite<br />

seudomatriz nf pseudomatrix<br />

seudomicrita nf pseudomicrite<br />

seudomicrosparita nf pseudomicrosparite<br />

seudomonoclinico,-ca adj pseudomonoclinic<br />

seudomontana nf pseudomountain<br />

seudomdrfico,-ca adj pseudomorphic<br />

seudomorfismo nm pseudomorphism<br />

seudomorfo nm pseudomorph<br />

seudonddulo nm pseudonodule<br />

seudo-<strong>of</strong>itico,-ca adj pseudo-ophitic<br />

seudo-oolito nm pseudo-oolith<br />

seudoporfiritico,-ca adj pseudoporphyritic<br />

seudoporfiroblastico,-ca adj<br />

pseudoporphyroblastic<br />

seudosefita nf peudobreccia,<br />

pseudoconglomerate<br />

seudorutilo nm pseudorutile<br />

seudosecundario,-ria adj pseudosecondary<br />

seudosparita nf pseudosparite<br />

seudostratificacidn nf pseudostratification<br />

seudosimetria nf pseudosymmetry<br />

seudotaquilita nf pseudotachylite<br />

seudovitrinita nf pseudovitrinite<br />

S-4<br />

seudovitrinoide nm pseudovitrinoid<br />

seudovolcan nm pseudovolcano<br />

seudowavellita nf crandallite<br />

sial nm sial, upper crust, sal, granitic layer<br />

sialico,-ca adj sialic<br />

sialita nf sialite, clay mineral<br />

siallitico,-ca adj siallitic<br />

sicilienseadj Sicilian<br />

siderazote nm siderazot<br />

siderodote nm siderodot (par siderite)<br />

sider<strong>of</strong>ilita nf siderophyllite<br />

siderdfilo,-la adj siderophile<br />

siderdfiro nm siderophyre<br />

siderolito nm aerosiderite<br />

sideroso,-sa adj siderose | nf siderite<br />

siderosfera nf siderosphere, inner core<br />

siderotilo nm siderotil<br />

sidurgia nf iron and steel industry<br />

siderurgico,-ca adj iron and steel<br />

siegeniano,-na adj Siegenian<br />

siegeniense adj Siegenian<br />

sienido,-da adj syenide<br />

sienita nf syenite<br />

sienitoide nm syenitoide<br />

sienodiorita nf syenodiorite<br />

sienogabro nm syenogabbro<br />

sierra nf mountain range | ridge<br />

sierranita nf sierranite<br />

siferna nf siferna, sima<br />

sigmoideo,-dea adj sigmoid, sigmoidal<br />

sil nm yellow ochre<br />

silcreta nf silcrete<br />

silesiense adj Silesian<br />

silex nm flint, silex, chert | silica<br />

silexita nf quartzolite, silexite | chert<br />

silhidrita nf silhydrite<br />

silicacidn nf silication<br />

silicado,-da adj silicated<br />

silicalita nf silicalite<br />

silicate nm silicate | 5. aislado nesosilicate | s. de<br />

aluminio aluminosilicate | 5. en andamiaje<br />

tectosilicate | 5. en anillo ring silicate,<br />

cyclosilicate | 5. en cadcna chain silicate,<br />

inosilicate | s. en grupo sorosilicate | s. en hoja<br />

phyllosilicate<br />

silice nf silica<br />

siliceo,-cea adj siliceous<br />

siliciclastico,-ca adj siliciclastic<br />

silicico,-ca adj silicic<br />

silicificacidn nf silicification<br />

silcificado,-da adj silicified

---

silicificar vtr to silicify<br />

silicilito nm silicilith<br />

silicinato,-ta adj silicinate<br />

silicic nm silicon<br />

silici<strong>of</strong>ita nf siliciophite<br />

silicoso,-sa adj siliceous<br />

silicotelico,-ca adj telehemic<br />

silificacidn nf silicification<br />

silo nm sill<br />

silomelana nf psilomelane<br />

siluriano,-na adj Silurian | nm Silurian<br />

silurico,-ca adj Silurian | nm Silurian<br />

silvanita nf sylvanite<br />

silvina nf sylvite<br />

silvinita nf sylvinite (mixture <strong>of</strong> halite and<br />

sylvite)<br />

silvita nf sylvite<br />

silla nf saddle, as in a vein, fold, etc.<br />

sillar nm sillar | nonwelded ash-flow tuff<br />

silleria nf ashlar stone<br />

sillina n/[Pe] sulfur<br />

sima nf sima, intermediate layer, basaltic layer |<br />

chasm, abyss, cavern<br />

simatico,-ca adj simatic<br />

simetria nf symmetry<br />

sim£trico,-ca adj symmetric, symmetrical<br />

simictita nf symmictite | diamictite<br />

simpl£ctico,-ca adj symplectic<br />

simplectita nf symplectite<br />

simplesita nf symplesite<br />

sinadelfita nf synadelphite<br />

sinant£ctico,-ca adj synantectic<br />

sinclinal adj synclinal | nm syncline | s.<br />

acostado recumbant syncline. | s. asimetrico<br />

asymmetric syncline | s. recostado recumbant<br />

syncline j s. recumbente recumbant syncline | s.<br />

simetrico symmetric syncline | s. volcado<br />

overturned syncline<br />

sinclinorio nm synclinorium<br />

sincroneidad nf synchroneity<br />

sincr6nico,-ca adj synchronous<br />

sinchisita nf synchysite<br />

sindeposicidn nf syndeposition<br />

sindeposicional adj syndepositional<br />

sineclisa nf synclise<br />

sinemuriano/-na adj Sinemurian<br />

sinemuriense adj Sinemurian<br />

sinforma nf synform<br />

singe'nesis nf syngenesis<br />

singene'tico/-ca adj syngenetic<br />

singonia cristalografica nf crystallization<br />

S-5<br />

system<br />

siniense adj sinian, siphean<br />

siniestro,-tra adj sinistral<br />

sinkinematico,-ca adj synkinematic<br />

sinopal nm sinople<br />

sinorogenico,-ca adj synorogenic<br />

sintectdnico,-ca adj syntectonic<br />

sinsedimentario nm synsedimentary<br />

sintactico,-ca adj syntactic<br />

sintectico,-ca adj syntectic<br />

sintectita nf syntectite<br />

sintect6nico,-ca adj syntectonic<br />

sintesis nm synthesis<br />

sint£tico,-ca adj synthetic<br />

sirca nf [Ch] vein<br />

sircar vtr [Ch] to strip overburden from a vein<br />

sismicidad nf seismicity<br />

sismico,-ca adj seismic | nf seismic | s. aplicada<br />

seismic reccording<br />

sismita nf seismite<br />

sismo nm earthquake | s. cercano nearby<br />

earthquake | s. de dislocation tectonic<br />

earthquake | s. distante distant earthquake | s.<br />

final aftershock | s. lejano distant earthquake |<br />

s. local nearby earthquake | s. preliminar<br />

foreshock | s. precursor foreshock | s. -principal<br />

main shock | s. tectonico tectonic earthquake |<br />

s. volcanico volcanic earthquake<br />

sismoescopo nm seismoscope<br />

sismografo nm seismograph | s. de relexion<br />

reflection seismograph | s. de refraccion<br />

refraction seismograph | s. sintetico synthetic<br />

seismograph<br />

sismograma nm seismogram<br />

sismologia nf seismology<br />

sismometria nf seismometry<br />

sismometro nm seismometer<br />

sismondina nf sismondine<br />

sistema nm system | process | s. cantera<br />

quarrying | s. cristalino crystal system | s. de<br />

falias fault system | s. de parados [Ch] recovery<br />

<strong>of</strong> sodium nitrate by evaporating caliche in an<br />

iron caldron | [seis] s. de tiro shooting system |<br />

s. digitalizador digitizer | s. hidrogrdfico river<br />

system<br />

sistematico,-ca adj systematic<br />

sitaparita nf bixbyite<br />

sitio nm location, site | s. de labor [Me"x] a land<br />

measure <strong>of</strong> 5000 by 5000 varas | s. de ganado<br />

mayor I square league = 4338.1123 acres | s. de<br />

ganado menor 3333 and 1/3 acres

---

situacidn nf location, site | s. de sondeo well site<br />

or location<br />

situadista nm worker employed to transport<br />

situados<br />

situados nmpl payments in silver from silver<br />

mines to the <strong>Spanish</strong> royal exchequer (<strong>of</strong>ten<br />

incorrectly applied to all silver shipments from<br />

South America)<br />

situar vtr to locate<br />

skiddaviano,-na adj Skidd avian<br />

skiddaviense adj Skiddavian<br />

skytienseflJ; Skythian<br />

smirnovita nf thorutite<br />

smithiense adj Smithian<br />

sobrecapa nf overburden<br />

sobreconsolidacidn nf overconsolidation<br />

sobreempuje adj overthrust<br />

sobreescurrimiento nm overthrust<br />

sobreexcavacidn nf overexcavation<br />

sobreguia nf intermediate level (in a mine)<br />

sobreimposicidn nf super-imposition<br />

sobreplegamiento nm overfold<br />

sobreponer vtr to overlap<br />

sobreposicidn nf overlap<br />

sobrepuesto,-ta adj superimposed, overlapping<br />

sobrerrajado nm [Bol] overbreak<br />

sobresabana nf alluvial deposit<br />

sobresaliente adj overhanging, projecting<br />

sobresalir vtr to overhang, project, jut out<br />

sobresaturacion nf over-saturation<br />

sobresaturado,-da adj oversaturated<br />

sobresaturar vtr to oversaturate<br />

sobrevega nf [PR] highest part <strong>of</strong> a low-lying<br />

area<br />

sobreyacente adj overlying<br />

sdcalo nm basemant<br />

socava nf undermining<br />

socavacidn nf undermining<br />

socavadora nm undercutter<br />

socavamiento nm undermining<br />

socavar vtr to undermine, undercut, dig under<br />

socavon. nm excavation | gallery, tunnel, adit |<br />

subsidence | s. de cateo prospecting adit | s. de<br />

desague drainage adit, drainage tunnel<br />

socavonero nm worker who drives a tunnel or<br />

gallery<br />

socaz nm tailrace<br />

socio,-ia adj companion, associated<br />

socorro nm assistance, aid | s. voluntario [Pe]<br />

forced labor in mines abolished in 1812<br />

sodaclaso nm albite<br />

S-6<br />

sodalitita nf sodalithite | sodalitite<br />

sddico,-ca adj sodic<br />

sodio nm sodium<br />

s<strong>of</strong>ocado,-da adj abandoned on account <strong>of</strong><br />

flooding (mines)<br />

s<strong>of</strong>ocarse vpr to flood<br />

sol nm sun | [Potosi, Bol] the eastern side <strong>of</strong><br />

Cerro Rico de Potosi<br />

solapado,-da adj overlapped, overlapping<br />

solapar vtr to overlap<br />

soldadura nf coalescence | fusion<br />

soldarse ypr to coalesce<br />

solera negra or solera pobre n/[Almaden, Sp]<br />

sandstone impregnated with cinnabar<br />

soleta nf clay or shale parting found in coal<br />

seams<br />

solevamiento nm uplift<br />

solevantamiento nm uplift<br />

solfatarico,-ca adj solfataric<br />

solidificacidn nf solidification<br />

solido,-da adj solid<br />

solifluccidn nf solifluction<br />

soligenuoso,-sa adj soligenuos<br />

solubilidad nf solubility<br />

solucidn nf solution | s. hidrotermal<br />

hydrothermal solution | s. molar molar<br />

solution | s. solido solid solution<br />

solvacidn nf solvation<br />

solvente nm solvent<br />

sombra nf grayish tinge exhibited by some ores<br />

| de s. [Col] horizontal, bedded, manto-like<br />

sombrero de alteration nm gossan<br />

sombrio nm [Potosi, Bol] the western side <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Cerro Rico de Potosi<br />

somero,-ra adj shallow<br />

sonar nm sonar | s. de superficie surface sonar<br />

sonda nf sonde | drill | s. caliza limestone<br />

sonde | s. de cable cable drill | s. de corona core<br />

drill | s. de cuchara earth auger | s. de diamantes<br />

diamond drill | s. de nucleo core drill | s. de<br />

prospeccion prospecting drill | s. de rotadon<br />

rotary drill | s. de tierra earth auger<br />

sondador nm echo sounder<br />

sondaje nm boring, drilling | sounding | s. a<br />

diamante diamond drilling | s. con corazon core<br />

drilling | s. de exploracion test drilling | s. de<br />

testigo core drilling<br />

sondar vtr to drill, bore | to take soundings<br />

sondear vtr to drill, bore | to investigate or<br />

explore ground | to take soundings<br />

sondeo nm drilling, boring | sounding | s. a la

---

granalla adamantine shot drilling | s. ascendente<br />

upward hole | s. desviado deviated hole | s.<br />

estratigrdfico core drilling | s. marino <strong>of</strong>fshore<br />

drilling | s. oblicuo drilling at an angle | s. par<br />

aire air drilling<br />

sonico,-ca adj sonic<br />

sondgrafo nm sonograph<br />

sonrosado,-da adj rosy, pink<br />

soplado nm deep fissure | open pocket in a<br />

vein, generally lined by druse | alluvium poor<br />

in gold<br />

sorbencia nf seepage<br />

sordawalita nf tachylyte<br />

soroche nm argentiferous lead ore, usually<br />

galena | s. plomoso lead carbonate | s. reluciente<br />

argentiferous galena<br />

soroque nm gangue, matrix<br />

sorosilicato nm sorosilicate<br />

sosa nf soda ash | natrona<br />

sdtano nm [M£x] vertical cave<br />

sotavento,-ta adj leeward, lee<br />

soterrado,-da adj buried, underground, blind<br />

soterrano,-na adj subterranean, underground<br />

sotlanque nm calcopyrite<br />

sotominero nm subforeman (in a mine)<br />

Southern nfrr [Pe] "La Southern", the Southern<br />

Peru Copper Corporation<br />

soyota nf Mineralized vug or cavity<br />

spamaciense adj Sparnacian<br />

spatiense adj Spathian<br />

spencita nf tridymite-(Y)<br />

staffordiense adj Staffordian<br />

stampiense adj Stampian<br />

stefaniense adj Stephanian<br />

sterrettita nf kolbeckite<br />

stipoverita nf stishovite<br />

struniense adj Strunian<br />

styrienseod; Styrian<br />

suavizado,-da adj smoothed<br />

subactivo,-va adj subactive<br />

subacuatico,-ca adj underwater, subaquatic<br />

subacueo,-cuea adj underwater<br />

subafloramiento nm subcrop<br />

subalcalico,-ca adj subalkalic<br />

subalcalino,-na adj subalkaline<br />

subaluvial adj suballuvial<br />

subalpino,-na adj subalpine, montane<br />

subaluminoso,-sa adj subaluminous<br />

subarkosa nf subarkose<br />

subarkdsico,-ca adj subarkosic<br />

subarriendo nm sublease<br />

subartesiano,-na adj subartesian<br />

subautomdrfico,-ca adj subautomorphic<br />

sub-bentonita nf metabentonite<br />

sub-bituminoso,-sa adj sub-bituminous,<br />

subclase nm subclass<br />

subconsecuente adj subconsequent<br />

subcontinento nm subcontinent<br />

subcortical adj subcrustal<br />

subcuenca nf sub-basin<br />

subdiabasico,-ca adj subdiabasic<br />

subdrenaje nm subdrainage<br />

subduccidn nf subduction<br />

subestrato nf sole | substratum<br />

subetapa nf substage<br />

subfabrico nm subfabric<br />

subfelspatico,-ca adj subfeldspathic<br />

subfillarenita nf subphyllarenite<br />

subfluvial adj underriver<br />

subfdsil nm subfossil<br />

subgrafita nf metagraphite<br />

subgrauwacke nm subgreywacke<br />

subgrupo nm [strat] subgroup<br />

subhedrdn nm subhedron<br />

subherciniense adj Subhercynian<br />

subhorizonte nm substratum<br />

subidiomdrfico,-ca adj hypidiomorphk,<br />

subautomorphic<br />

subjacente adj subjacent<br />

sublacustre adj sublacustrine<br />

sublevacidn nf uplift<br />

sublimacidn nf sublimation<br />

sublimado nm sublimate | s. amarillo orpiment<br />

| s. rojo realgar<br />

sublimar vtr to sublimate<br />

sublitarenita nf sublitharenite<br />

sublitoral adj sublittoral, neritic<br />

sublitwacke nm sublithwacke<br />

submarino,-na adj submarine<br />

submaturado,-da adj submature<br />

submetalico,-ca adj submetallic<br />

submuestreo nm subsampling<br />

sub<strong>of</strong>itico,-ca adj subophitic<br />

subperiodo nm subperiod<br />

subpresidn nf underpressure<br />

subproducto nm byproduct<br />

subrampa nf subincline (in a mine)<br />

subrosidn nf subrosion<br />

subsaturacidn nf subsaturation<br />

subsaturado,-da adj subsaturated<br />

subsaturar vtr to subsaturate<br />

subsecuente adj subsequent<br />

S-7

---

subsidencia nf subsidence<br />

subsidiario,-ria adj subsidiary<br />

substancia nf substance<br />

susbstitucidn nf substitution | s. metasomatica<br />

metasomatism<br />

substitute nm substitute<br />

substrate nm substratum<br />

subsuelo nm subsoil | subsurface<br />

subterraneo,-nea adj subsurface, underground<br />

subterrano nm subterrane<br />

subvolcinnm subvolcano<br />

subvolcanico,-ca adj subvolcanic<br />

subyacente adj underlying<br />

succino nm amber<br />

succidn nf subduction<br />

sucesidn nf succession<br />

sudetico,-ca adj Sudetic<br />

suelo nm soil, land | ground | surface<br />

suelto,-ta adj loose, unconsolidated<br />

suelto nm loose piece <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

sulfate nm [Tetala de Oro, Puebla, Mex]<br />

aluminous clay containing iron sulfates<br />

sulfatita nf sulphatite<br />

sulfato nm sulfate | s. banco barite | s. de calcio<br />

gypsum | s. de plomo anglesite | s. pesado barite<br />

| s. sodico mirabilite<br />

sulfidizacidn nf sulfurization<br />

sulfito nm sulfite<br />

sulf<strong>of</strong>ilo,-la adj sulphophile<br />

sulfosale nm sulfosalt<br />

sulfurado,-da adj sulfuretted<br />

sulfurico,-ca adj sulfuric<br />

sulfurizacidn nf sulfurization<br />

sulfuro nm sulfide or sulfide ore | s. de cadmio<br />

greenockite | s. de cobre chalcocite | s. de plomo<br />

galena | s. rojo. realgar | sulfuros en masa<br />

massive sulfides<br />

sulfuroso,-sa adj sulfurous | sour<br />

suma nf addition<br />

sumergido,-da adj submerged<br />

sumergimiento nm submergence<br />

sumergir itfr to submerge<br />

sumersidn nf submersion<br />

sumidero nm [PR] sinkhole<br />

sumiivtr to submerge<br />

sundtita nf andorite<br />

superantracita nf superanthracite<br />

S-8<br />

superetapa nf superstage<br />

superficial adj superficial<br />

superficie nf surface | area, extent | acreage |<br />

de s. surface | en s. at the surface | s. de<br />

deslizamiento translation plane or surface |<br />

slickenslide | s. de equilibria isostatic<br />

equilibrium surface | s. de erosion erosion<br />

surface | s. de estratificacion bedding surface,<br />

bedding plane. | s. de fracturaccion fracture<br />

plane, fault plane | s. listrica listric surface<br />

superficies-s nfpl s-surface<br />

superfluente adj superfluent<br />

supergenico,-ca adj supergene<br />

supergrupo nm supergroup<br />

superior adj upper<br />

superparamagnetismo nm superparamagnetism<br />

superperiodicidad nf superperiodicity<br />

superplasticidad nf superplasticity<br />

superponer vtr to superpose, superimpose<br />

superposicidn nf superposition | s. discordance<br />

overstep | s. transgresiva onlap<br />

superpresidn nf overpressure<br />

superpuesto,-ta adj superimposed,<br />

supplementary | nm overlap<br />

supersaturacidn nf supersaruration<br />

supersaturado,-da adj supersaturated<br />

supersaturar vtr to supersaturate<br />

superserie nf superseries<br />

supersistema nm supersystem<br />

suplementario^ria adj subsidiary<br />

supralitoral adj supralittoral, supratidal<br />

surcamiento nm furrowing<br />

surco nm groove, furrow | sill | s. de alud<br />

avalanche scar | s. de erosion erosion groove |<br />

s. de escurrimiento sill mark | s. glacidrico<br />

discontinue jumping gouge<br />

surgencia nf upwelling<br />

suitido,-da adj sorted | nm sorting<br />

susceptibilidad nf susceptibility<br />

suspendido,-da adj suspended<br />

suspensoide nm suspensoid<br />

sustancia nf substance<br />

sustitucion nf substitution<br />

sutura nf suture<br />

suturado,-da adj sutured

---

tabaire nm a variety <strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t limestone used for<br />

masonry<br />

tabianiense adj Tabianian.<br />

tabique nm [Me"x] 'horse' <strong>of</strong> rock in a vein,<br />

unmineralized rock separating bands <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

tabla nf slab (<strong>of</strong> rock) | table, list | side <strong>of</strong> a<br />

vein | t. de alto hanging wall | t. de bajo<br />

footwall<br />

tablazo nm mesa | flat stretch <strong>of</strong> a river<br />

tablero nm [Sp] slab | t. digitalizador digitizing<br />

tablet<br />

tablero de comprobacidn nm map showing<br />

allocation <strong>of</strong> exploration permits<br />

tacana nf silver ore | [Pe] argentite<br />

tacano nm ore rich in silver<br />

tac6nico,-ca adj Taconic<br />

taconiense adj Taconian<br />

tacos nmpl [Me"x] stones at the bottom <strong>of</strong> an<br />

arrastre<br />

tafrogenesis nf taphrogenesis<br />

tafrogenia nf taphrogeny.<br />

tafrogenico,-ca adj taphrogenic<br />

tafrogeosinclinal nm taphrogeosyncline<br />

tafrolito nm taphrolith<br />

taghanicano/-na adj Taghanican<br />

tagilita nf pseudomalachite<br />

tahona nf [Mex] variety <strong>of</strong> arrastre driven by a<br />

water wheel, spoon arrastre<br />

tahonero nm [M£x] worker in charge <strong>of</strong> a tahona<br />

tahulla nf land measure used in southeast Spain<br />

(1 tahulla = 11.18 ares = 0.28 acres)<br />

tajadera nf cold chisel | [Arag6n, Sp] sluice-gate<br />

tajado nm slicing (in mining)<br />

tajamar nm [Arg] basin<br />

tajear vtr [Pe] to stope<br />

tajeo nm [Pe] stoping<br />

tajerias nfpl [Isla San Fernando, Sp] salt-water<br />

evaporation ponds<br />

tajo nm cut, opening, excavation, trench |<br />

working face or cut | t. abierto open cut, open<br />

pit | t. ascendente ascending cut | t. descendente<br />

descending cut | t. descubierto open cut | t.<br />

recto cut perpendicular to a gallery | a t. abierto<br />

open-cutting or open-pitting<br />

tajdn nm [Andalusia, Sp] calcareous vein from<br />

which lime is extracted<br />

talacha nf [Mex] pickaxe, pick, mattock<br />

taladrador,-ora adj drilling, boring or piercing |<br />

T-l<br />

nm driller<br />

taladradora nf drill<br />

taladrarufr to drill or bore | to perforate<br />

taladro nm drill or auger | drill or borehole |<br />

drill bit | t. anular core drill | t. de alma core<br />

drill | t. de diamantes diamond drill | t. de<br />

rotacion rotary drill | t. de tierra earth auger | t.<br />

explorador prospecting drill | t. testigo [PR] core<br />

drill<br />

talasocracia nf period in which the earth's<br />

oceans covered most <strong>of</strong> the continents<br />

talasocratico,-ca adj charactarized by ocean high<br />

stand<br />

talasogenesis nf epirogenic processes that form<br />

ocean basins<br />

talcita nf talcite | damourite<br />

talco nm talc<br />

talcoide nm talcoid<br />

talcoso,-sa adj talcose, talcous<br />

talio nm thallium<br />

talmesita nf arsenate-belovite<br />

talpetate nm talpatate, caliche | [CAm]<br />

limestone<br />

talquita nm talc schist<br />

talud nm talus, slope | t. continental continental<br />

slope | t. de derrubios de ladera talus pile | t. de<br />

reposo natural slope, slope <strong>of</strong> repose | t. de<br />

ribera flood plain | t. detritico talus | t. litoral<br />

literal plain | t. redfal reef talus<br />

taludarufr to slope<br />

talweg nm thalweg<br />

talla nf cutting <strong>of</strong> precious stones | cutting or<br />

dressing <strong>of</strong> stone | working face where rock is<br />

being cut<br />

tallado,-da adj cut, dressed (stones)<br />

tallado nm cutting, dressing (stone, gems, etc.)<br />

tallar vtr to cut precious stones | to quarry | t.<br />

en facet as to facet<br />

taller nm workshop <strong>of</strong> the kind where things are<br />

actually made and /or repaired. | Mill.<br />

tamano nm size | dimensions | volume,<br />

capacity<br />

tambeo nm [Bol] large open stope<br />

tamiz nm sieve, sifter, usually mechanical |<br />

pasar por el t. to screen, sift<br />

tamizar vtr to sift, sieve, or screen<br />

tampon nm [chem] buffer<br />

tanda nf layer | series | work-shift | amount <strong>of</strong><br />

work done (i.e. ore mined, distance drifted)<br />

during a work-shift | tour <strong>of</strong> duty in the mita \<br />

work gang | [pet] run

---

taneciano,-na adj Thanetian<br />

ianecienseadj Thanetian<br />

tangeita wf calciovolborthite<br />

tangencial adj tangential<br />

tangente adj tangent | nf tangent<br />

tantalio ntn tantalum<br />

tantalo nm tantalum<br />

tantear vtr to work out roughly, estimate | to<br />

size-up, measure | to try out, test | to<br />

examine, study a project or proposal<br />

tanteo nm rough estimate | test | approximate<br />

calculation<br />

tapa nf hanging-wall, ro<strong>of</strong> | c<strong>of</strong>fer-dam used in<br />

placer mining<br />

tapado,-da adj concealed, covered up, blind<br />

tapado nm buried treasure<br />

tapar vtr to conceal, cover, cover-up<br />

tapdn nf plug | c<strong>of</strong>fer-dam used in placer<br />

mining | t. volcanico volcanic plug or pipe<br />

taponar vtr to construct a c<strong>of</strong>fer-dam in order to<br />

work placers<br />

taqueo nm [Bol] a caved shaft | shaft or<br />

working backfilled with waste or low-grade<br />

ore<br />

taquihidrita nf tachyhydrite<br />

taquilita nf tachylite<br />

taquimetria nf tachymetry, stadia survey<br />

taquim£tro nm tachymeter, stadia<br />

taquisismo nm rapid differential movement <strong>of</strong><br />

the lithosphere<br />

tardiglacial nm a glacial stage<br />

tarea nf a certain quantity <strong>of</strong> ore, drifting, etc.<br />

set out as a task to be performed in a single<br />

work shift | [Bol] a job or task perfomed by<br />

contract [Sto Pgo] a measure <strong>of</strong> area <strong>of</strong> about<br />

0.1565 acres<br />

tartariense adj Tartarian<br />

tasa nf appraisal, valuation | tax | limit on<br />

expenditures or outlays | rate | t. de sondeo<br />

sampling rate<br />

tasacidn nf appraisal, valuation | calculation<br />

tasar vtr to appraise, value | to tax | to<br />

regulate, fix or ration<br />

tascina nf naumannite<br />

tasco nm cupel or crucible | variety <strong>of</strong> fireclay<br />

tasconio nm an argillaceous earth used to make<br />

crucibles<br />

tases nmpl [Me"x] ore calcined in open air heaps<br />

tavistockita nf carbonate-apatite<br />

taylorense adj Tayloran<br />

tecacolote nm [Guerrero, M£x] an aluminous<br />

T-2<br />

slate<br />

tecalf nm a variety <strong>of</strong> alabaster, 'Mexican<br />

alabaster', 'Mexican marble' or 'Mexican onyx'<br />

tecnecio nm technetium<br />

tecoral nm [Huitzuco, M£x] waste rock<br />

tecozahuitl nm yellow ochre<br />

tecpatl nm flint, hornstone, green jade<br />

tectita nf tektite<br />

tectoclino nm geotectocline<br />

tectoestratigrafico,-ca adj tectostratigraphic<br />

tectogenesis nf tectonics, tectogenesis<br />

tectdgeno nm tectogene<br />

tect6nico,-ca adj tectonic | nf tectonics | t. de<br />

placas plate tectonics | t. salina salt tectonics<br />

tectonismo nm diastrophism<br />

tectonita nf tectonite<br />

tectonizacidn nf tectonization<br />

tecton<strong>of</strong>isica nf tectonophysics<br />

tectonosfera nf tectonosphere<br />

tectosecuente adj tectosequent<br />

tectosfera nf tectosphere<br />

tectosilicato nm tectosilicate<br />

tectotopo nm tectotope<br />

techo nm layer or bed which caps a deposit | t.<br />

degaleria hanging-wall, ro<strong>of</strong><br />

tefra nf tephra<br />

tefrita nf tephrite<br />

tefrocronologfa nf tephrochronology<br />

tefroita nf tephroite<br />

tehuilote nm [Mex] quartz crystals | country<br />

rock<br />

tejo nm ingot, usually <strong>of</strong> gold | [Mex] cake <strong>of</strong><br />

silver as the end result <strong>of</strong> the patio process <strong>of</strong><br />

reducing silver ores | t. de oro gold bullion<br />

tejdn nm wedge, plate or cake <strong>of</strong> gold |<br />

[geomorph] tejon<br />

teleme'tro nm telemeter<br />

telera nf [Huelva, Sp] heaps <strong>of</strong> copper ore<br />

roasted or calcined in situ<br />

telesismo nm distant earthquake, teleseism<br />

teletermal adj telethermal<br />

telurantimonio nm tellurantimony<br />

telurato nm tellurate<br />

telurbismuto nm tellurbismuth<br />

telurico,-ca adj telluric<br />

telurido nf telluride<br />

telurio nm tellurium | tellurium ore<br />

telurita nf tellurite<br />

telurobismutenita nf telluribismuthenite<br />

teluroide nm telluroid<br />

telurometro nm tellurometer

---

telogen£tico,-ca adj telogenetic<br />

tembladero nm [Tobasco, Mex] area with<br />

asphaltic soil<br />

temblor nm earthquake, tremor | t. de tierra<br />

earthquake<br />

temiskamita nf maucherite<br />

tempano nm ice floe | t. de hielo iceberg<br />

templado,-da nm temperate<br />

temprano,-na adj early<br />

tenate nm [Mex/Hond] a bag made <strong>of</strong> hide used<br />

to haul or draw ore, etc. out <strong>of</strong> a mine (a tenate<br />

made from half an oxhide will hold 9 arrobas <strong>of</strong><br />

ore)<br />

tenatero nm [Me"x] worker who carries ore in a<br />

ten at e<br />

tendencia nf trend<br />

tenderse vpr [Me"x] to become sub-divided or<br />

floured by amalgamation<br />

tendido nm dip<br />

tendimiento nm [Bol] dip<br />

tenestel nm [Tasco, Me"x] local variety <strong>of</strong><br />

limestone<br />

tenor nm tenor or fineness | t.fino. fineness <strong>of</strong><br />

gold<br />

tentadura nf [Me"x] in the patio process <strong>of</strong><br />

extracting silver from ore, the test washing <strong>of</strong><br />

silver amalgamated with mercury in order to<br />

adjust the mixture <strong>of</strong> materials used in the<br />

extraction process | by extension, any test<br />

made by panning or washing<br />

tenido,-da adj stained<br />

teodolito nm theodolite<br />

teorema nm theorem | t. central Umite central<br />

limit theorem | t. de Bayes Bayes theorem<br />

teoria nf theory | t. anticlinal anticlinal theory |<br />

t. isostdtica isostacy<br />

teotines nmpl [Santa Cruz, Mex] unusually<br />

shaped rocks surrounded by volcanic ash<br />

tepetate nm caliche | [Mex] volcanic tuff used<br />

in construction | waste rock or gangue |<br />

country rock | hardpan | conglomerate<br />

tepostel nm [M£x] precious metal bearing<br />

gossan or supergene oxides<br />

tepostete nm [Sonora, M£x] cobbles <strong>of</strong> specular<br />

hematite sometimes found in gold placers<br />

tepustete nm [Calamahf, Mex] iron ore<br />

tequezquite nm [Mex] sodium carbonate<br />

tequio nrr axes, duties or royalty on ore | ore<br />

not worth extraction | a task set as a day's<br />

work for a miner | the plural tequios can refer<br />

to heaps or stockpiles <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

T-3<br />

teralita nf theralite, foid gabbro<br />

terbio nm terbium<br />

terciario,-ria adj Tertiary | nm Tertiary<br />

tercio nm half a mule load, which translates to<br />

different weights in different places, not to<br />

mention with different mules and mule<br />

skinners<br />

terma nf therm<br />

termal adj thermal<br />

termas nfpl hot springs<br />

termio nm therm<br />

tennocarst nm thermokarst<br />

te"rmico,-ca adj thermal<br />

terminacidn nf completion <strong>of</strong> a well | t. doble<br />

dual completion | t. multiple multiple<br />

completion<br />

tennoclasa nf crack formed in a rock by a<br />

sudden change in termperature<br />

termodina'mico,-ca adj thermodynamic<br />

termoela'stico,-ca adj thermoelastic<br />

termogeno nm thermogene<br />

termoge'nesis nf thermogenesis<br />

termografia nf thermography<br />

termogravimetria nf thermogravimetry<br />

termolumlniscencia nf thermoluminescence<br />

termometro nm thermometer | t. geologico<br />

geologic thermometer<br />

termonatrita nf thermonatrite<br />

termo-osmosis nf thermo-osmosis<br />

termopla'stico,-ca adj thermoplastic<br />

ternario,-ria adj ternary<br />

terraciense adj Terracian<br />

terrapin nm terrace | slope | terreplain<br />

terraza nf terrace | t. aluvional alluvial terrace,<br />

drift terrace | t. cosier a raised beach | t. de<br />

deposicion aggradation terrace | t. de erosion<br />

erosional terrace | t. de geiserita sinter terrace |<br />

t. ^structural structural terrace | t. favorable<br />

favorable ground | t. fluvial stream terrace | t.<br />

impar unpaired terrace | t. marina marine<br />

terrace<br />

terremoto nm earthquake<br />

terreno nm ground, land | terrain, terrane |<br />

piece <strong>of</strong> land | plot, site | earth, rock or<br />

formation, as in t. carbonifero 'carbonaceous<br />

rock' | t. baldw government land | t. de encima<br />

top soil | t. franco land which may be freely<br />

conceded by a government to mining<br />

enterprises | t. terreno all-terrain<br />

terreo,-ea adj earthy | de color t. earth-colored<br />

terrero,-ra adj earth

---

terrero nm heap or pile <strong>of</strong> dirt | waste rock |<br />

dump, tailings pile | alluvium<br />

terrestre adj terrestrial, earthly<br />

terrigeno,-na adj terrigenous<br />

terrojo nm red earth<br />

terroso,-sa adj earthy | brown, earth-colored |<br />

n/[Me"x] vein <strong>of</strong> clay<br />

terruno nm piece <strong>of</strong> land<br />

tertel nm [Ch] hardpan<br />

tesis nf thesis | theory, idea | t. de grado thesis<br />

written for a five-year degree | t. doctoral<br />

doctoral dissertation<br />

testa nf [Mex] test<br />

testero nm overhand stope, back stope | t.<br />

abovedado domed stope, pyramid stope | t. de<br />

techo piano flat-backed stope | t. escalonado rill<br />

stope<br />

testificacion nf log | t. acustica acoustic log<br />

testigo nm core | sample, specimen | barren<br />

rock | [surv] reference point | t. de erosion<br />

outlier | t. de perforacion drill core<br />

Tetis nm Tethys<br />

tetradimita nf tetradymite<br />

tetraedrita nf tetrahedrite<br />

tetraedro nm tetrahedron<br />

tetramorfo nm tetramorph<br />

tetramdrfico,-ca adj tetramorphous<br />

tetramorfismo nm tetramorphism<br />

tetratoedro nm tetratohedron<br />

tetzontle nm [Mex] a scoracious basaltic rock<br />

used as a building stone<br />

textura nf texture | t. aplitica aplitic texture | t.<br />

fluida fluid texture | t. fluidal flow structure | t.<br />

granuda granular texture | t. microgranuda<br />

microgranular texture | t. microlitica microlitic<br />

texture | t. pegmatitica pegmatitic texture | t.<br />

porfidica porphyritic texture | t. vitea glassy<br />

texture<br />

tezontle nm [Me"x] a scoracious basaltic rock<br />

used as a building stone<br />

thalana nf [Bol] small sieve used in hand sorting<br />

<strong>of</strong> pulverized ores<br />

thanetiano,-na adj Thanetian<br />

thanetiense adj Thanetian<br />

thojeo nm [Bol] act <strong>of</strong> estimation by a miner <strong>of</strong><br />

the extent <strong>of</strong> pay ore prior to drilling and<br />

blasting<br />

thuringiense adj Thuringian<br />

tiatales nmpl [Tasco, M£x] local variety <strong>of</strong><br />

limestone<br />

tibe nm [Col] corundum | smooth, flat, elliptical<br />

T-4<br />

and spherical stones found in alluvial placers<br />

once thought to be favorable indicators for<br />

gold placers<br />

tiempo nm time | t. absolute absolute time | t.<br />

continental continental time | t. de intercepcion<br />

intercept time | t. de propagadon travel time | t.<br />

de retraso delay time | t. relative relative time<br />

tienta nf earth auger<br />

tierra nf earth, land, soil, ground | region,<br />

native country | any rock or mineral | fine­<br />

grained or finely crystalline ore | gangue or<br />

matrix | hacer tierras to work a placer | t.<br />

adentro inland. | t. alcalina alkaline earth | t.<br />

aluvial alluvium | t. amarilla yellow earth,<br />

yellow ochre | t. apovillada ore suitable for<br />

amalgamation in the patio process | t. arcillosa<br />

clayey ground. | t. azul blue earth, blue ground<br />

| t. blanca micaceous clay; calcareous tufa | t.<br />

comun earthy ores somewhat amenable to<br />

amalgamation | t. de aluvion alluvium. | t. de<br />

asentar or de afinar [Tamaulipas, Me"x]<br />

weathered marl | t. de asiento [BC, M£x] a fine,<br />

auriferous sand | t. de batan fuller's earth | t.<br />

de caparossa red ochre. | t. de diatomeas<br />

diatomaceous earth. | t. de fuller fuller's earth.<br />

| t.deflor [El Caratal, Vz] hematitic, gold-<br />

bearing soil developed on gold veins | t. de<br />

ladrillos brick clay | t. de porcelana kaolin | t. de<br />

tinta red ochre | t. diatomacea diatomaceous<br />

earth | t. endurecida hardpan | t. firme<br />

continent | t. franca top soil | t. grasa pipe clay<br />

| t. gredosa clayey marl | t. de labor smalls<br />

resulting from hand sorting <strong>of</strong> ore | t. ordinaria<br />

[Guanajuato, Mex] an inferior grade <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

yielding about 80 ounces <strong>of</strong> silver to a ton | t.<br />

parda iron oxide rich soil | t. pesada barite | t.<br />

de porcelana china clay | t. quemada balls <strong>of</strong><br />

residue from mercury reduction furnaces<br />

mixed with clayey smalls that are reduced<br />

again in a smaller furnace | t. rara rare earth |<br />

t. refractaria fire clay | t. roja iron rich clay <strong>of</strong>ten<br />

staining limestone | t. verde greenstone,<br />

chloritically altered rock | t. de yunque smalls<br />

resulting from sorting <strong>of</strong> ore | tierras bajas<br />

lowland | tierras inundables tidelands | tierras<br />

malas badlands | tierras raras rare earths<br />

tierras nfpl [New Almaden, Calif] fine mercury<br />

ore<br />

tiffaniense adj Tiffanian<br />

tigliense adj Tiglian<br />

tilita nf tillite

---

tilloide nm tilloid<br />

tina nf [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] purification <strong>of</strong> silver<br />

amalgam<br />

tinaja nf water pocket developed below a<br />

waterfall | natural reservoir | [N. Mex]<br />

temporary pool | spring too feeble to form a<br />

stream | [Guadalcazar, Me"x] small bunch <strong>of</strong><br />

cinnabar found at the intersections <strong>of</strong> veins<br />

tinajita nf solution pan<br />

tinolita nf thinolite<br />

tinolitico,-ca adj thinolitic<br />

tinto,-ta adj red, dark red<br />

tioughniogense adj Tioughniogan<br />

tipificacion nf classification<br />

tipo nm type, class, kind | rate, as in tipo de<br />

interes 'rate <strong>of</strong> interest' | percentage<br />

tipom6rfico,-ca adj typomorphic<br />

tirada aparte nf reprint<br />

tirar una labor vtr to.prospect and/or work a<br />

deposit<br />

tiro nm shot (in blasting) | [surv] course |<br />

[Me"x] shaft, winze or pit | depth | t. ciego<br />

winze | t. de alcanda raise | t. de mina shaft | t,<br />

de recueste adit, inclined shaft | t. de velocidad<br />

surface velocity pr<strong>of</strong>iling | t. de zona alterada<br />

weathering shot | t. en abanico fan shooting | t.<br />

en pauta pattern shooting | t. inclinado inclined<br />

shaft<br />

tirolita nf tyrolite<br />

titan£fero,-ra adj titanium-bearing, titaniferous<br />

titanio nm titanium<br />

tita*nico,-ca adj titanic<br />

titanita nf sphene<br />

titanocromita nf titanochromite<br />

titoniano,-na adj Tithonian<br />

titoniense adj Tithonian<br />

titulacidn nf assay | titration<br />

titulo nm title | degree | diploma | t. de<br />

propiedad title to a mining claim<br />

tiza nf chalk | finely divided gypsum | [Ch]<br />

mixture <strong>of</strong> ulexite with halite, sodium sulfate,<br />

lime and sand found in salares or dry lake beds<br />

tizar nm [Cerro de Mercado, Me"x] a large<br />

deposit <strong>of</strong> high purity silica<br />

tizate nm [M£x] chalk<br />

toarciano,-na adj Toarcian<br />

toarciense adj Toarcian<br />

toba nf tufa | tuff | chalk | t. calcarea tufa,<br />

calcsinter, travertine | t. caliza calcareous tuff,<br />

travertine | t. de cenizas volcanic tuff | t. silicea<br />

siliceous sinter | t. soldada welded tuff<br />

T-5<br />

tobaceo,-ea adj tuffaceous<br />

tobarnm tuff quarry<br />

tobel nm dobel<br />

toboso,-sa adj tuffaceous<br />

tocar la greda vtr [Fr Guiana] to reach bedrock<br />

in a placer<br />

tocochimbo nm [Pe] blast furnace<br />

todouno nm unprocessed coal<br />

t<strong>of</strong>o nm [Ch] fire clay | Durango, Mex] china<br />

clay<br />

tojear vtr [Bol] to support the ro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> a mine<br />

with large fragments <strong>of</strong> rock<br />

tojo nm [Bol] large piece or fragment <strong>of</strong> rock<br />

used to support the ro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> a mine<br />

tombolo nm sand bar<br />

tomin nm one eighth <strong>of</strong> a castellano de oro, one<br />

third <strong>of</strong> an adarme<br />

tonawadense adj Tonawadan<br />

tonel nm barrel<br />

tonelada nf ton, which at one time varied in<br />

weight from place to place | t. bruta long ton,<br />

gross ton | t. corta short ton, net ton | t. de<br />

ensayador assay ton | t. metrica metric ton | t.<br />

larga tong ton | t. metrica metric ton | t. neta<br />

short ton, net ton<br />

tonelaje nm tonnage | t. bruto gross tonnage<br />

tonelametro nm metric ton<br />

tonga nf layer | pile, heap | difference in level,<br />

or head, between two points | entrar t. to drain<br />

a mine or working by sluices, adits, canals etc.<br />

| t. de la mina. lowest practical point from<br />

which a mine may be drained by gravity<br />

tongada nf layer<br />

tongriano,-na adj Tongrian<br />

tongriense adj Tongrian<br />

tonolowayense adj Tonolowayan<br />

tonstein nm claystone<br />

topacio nm topaz | t. del Brasil reddish, rose or<br />

purplish yellow varieties <strong>of</strong> topaz | t. ahumado<br />

dark brown crystalline quartz | t. de Hinojosa<br />

or de Salamanca yellow crystalline quartz | t.<br />

oriental yellow corundum<br />

tope nm rich pocket <strong>of</strong> ore | [Bol] end or bottom<br />

<strong>of</strong> a working, working face<br />

topo nm league and a half | standard measure<br />

<strong>of</strong> ground ore, a fixed amount <strong>of</strong> which had to<br />

be delivered weekly by the mortiri<br />

topografia nf topography | surveying | t. carst<br />

karst topography<br />

topografico,-ca adj topographic<br />

topografo nm topographer | surveyor

---

topologia nf topology<br />

topometria nf topometry<br />

toque nm touchstone<br />

torca nf sinkhole | basin, depression | sand<br />

pipe/ sand gall<br />

torcer vtr to change direction | t. el rumbo to<br />

change in strike<br />

tordo,-da adj grey<br />

torio nm thorium<br />

tornasol nm iridescence<br />

tornasolado,-da adj iridescent<br />

torno nm [Bol] hoist<br />

toro nm [Bol] pillar (in a mine)<br />

torpedeamiento nm artificial fracturing | t. por<br />

vibracion vibr<strong>of</strong>rac<br />

tone nf tower | t. de extracion or de perforation or<br />

de sondeo oil derrick, head frame | torre-torre<br />

[Pe] towers <strong>of</strong> hot spring deposits<br />

torrejoniense adj Torrejonian<br />

torrente nm ravine, stream | freshet<br />

torrera nfpl [Rio Tin to, Sp] heaps <strong>of</strong> ore roasted<br />

in situ<br />

torridoniense adj Torridonian<br />

tortilla nf hardpan<br />

tortoniano,-na adj Tortonian<br />

tortoniense adj Tortonian<br />

tortuosidad nf tortuosity<br />

tosca nf hardpan | [Patagonia, Arg] white<br />

deposits <strong>of</strong> caclium carbonate occuring in loess<br />

| [Col] bed <strong>of</strong> volcanoclastic sediment in<br />

placers above sepe and pay dirt j [Catorce,<br />

Me"x] altered dioritic and porphyritic dikes |<br />

[Mex] talc seams | [Guadalccizar, Mex] altered<br />

granite porphyry | [Guadalcazar, Me"x] yellow<br />

ochre colored lithomarge at contact <strong>of</strong> granite<br />

porphyry with limestone | [PR] s<strong>of</strong>t coral<br />

limestone used for masonry, road surfacing<br />

and as fertilizer<br />

tosco,-ca adj coarse, rough<br />

tostacidn nf roasting, calcination<br />

tostador nm [Me"x] roasting furnace | worker<br />

who operates a roasting furnace<br />

tostadura nf roasting, calcination<br />

tostar vtr to roast ore<br />

tournaisiano,-na adj Tournaisian<br />

toumaisiense adj Tournaisian<br />

trabajadero nm [Col] vein worked by open pit.<br />

trabajar vtr to work a mine or placer<br />

trabajo nm working <strong>of</strong> a mine or placer | nmpl<br />

workings | t. a cielo abierto open cutting, open<br />

pitting, quarrying | t. (de) banca underhand<br />

T-6<br />

sloping | t. de cabeza overhand stoping | t. de<br />

cielo overhand stoping | t. de reconocimiento.<br />

exploratory workings | t. de rajo con grandines<br />

directos overhand stoping j t. de rajo con<br />

grandines invertidos underhand stoping | t. del<br />

antiguo [Col] working dating back to the time<br />

<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Spanish</strong> conquistadores \ t. del indio [Col]<br />

working dating back to precolumbian times |<br />

t. por testeras overhand stoping | t. sistema tolva<br />

glory hole | t. transversal cross cut<br />

trabanca nf [Ec] mine timber<br />

traccidn nf traction<br />

traccionita nf tractionite<br />

tragante nm sluice<br />

trama nf structure, framework<br />

tramo nm lot, tract, stretch, plot <strong>of</strong> land j t. rico.<br />

rich ore shoot<br />

trampa nf trap, as for hydrocarbons or ore |<br />

mercury trap in a gold mill | sluice gate | t.<br />

compuesta combination trap | t. diagenetica<br />

diagenetic trap | t. estratigrdfica stratigraphic<br />

trap | t. estructural structural trap | t. petrolifera<br />

hydrocarbon trap<br />

tranca n/[Bol] wooden stull (in a mine)<br />

trancada nf trench | [Almeria, Sp] inclined<br />

gallery with steps<br />

tranquilidadita nf tranquillityite<br />

transfluencia nf transfluence<br />

transformacidn nf transformation | t. anacldstica<br />

deformation without shearing | t. de Laplace<br />

Laplace transformation<br />

trans-formacional adj trans-formational<br />

translacidn nf translation<br />

transmisidn nf transmission | t. retardada<br />

transmission lag<br />

transparente adj transparent<br />

transporte nm transport | t. eolico aeolian<br />

transport | L fluvial fluvial transport | t. glaciar<br />

glacial transport<br />

transversal nm cross cut<br />

tranformacidn nf tranformation | t. adiabatica<br />

adiabatic transormation<br />

transliicido,-da adj translucent<br />

transluciente adj transluscent<br />

transmisividad nf transmissivity<br />

transopaco,-ca adj transopaque<br />

transparencia nf slide, transparency<br />

transparente adj transparent | nm transparency<br />

transporte nm transportation<br />

transuranico,-ca adj transuranic<br />

trapezoedro nm trapezohedron

---

trapiche nm [Ch] crude mill for crushing ore<br />

trapichero nm [Ch] operator <strong>of</strong> a trapiche \<br />

[Potosi, Bol] operator <strong>of</strong> a trapiche who usually<br />

worked stolen ore<br />

trapp nm trap, plateau basalt<br />

traquiandesita nf trachyandesite<br />

traquibasalto nm trachybasalt<br />

traquidiscontinuidad nf trachydiscontinuity<br />

traquidolerita nf trachydolerite<br />

traqui<strong>of</strong>itico,-ca adj trachyophitic<br />

traquita nf trachyte<br />

traquitico,-ca adj trachytic<br />

traquitoide nm trachytoid<br />

tras nm tuff | tufa<br />

traslacidn nf translation | t. continental<br />

continental drift | de t. translational<br />

traslapamiento nm overlap<br />

traslucido,-da adj transluscent<br />

trasluciente adj transluscent<br />

traslucir vintr to be transluscent<br />

trasluz nm diffused light | reflected light<br />

trasversal adj transverse<br />

tratamiento nm treatment | reworking <strong>of</strong> a well<br />

to increase production, 'doctoring'<br />

travecaja nf cross cut<br />

travertine nm travertine<br />

travesia nf traverse | [Col] cross cut<br />

traviesa nf cross cut<br />

traza nf trace | streak<br />

trazado nm tracing | t. de mapamiento mapping |<br />

t. de reflexiones reflection picking<br />

trazador nm [Mex] underground mine foreman<br />

trecho nm passing <strong>of</strong> ore from one worker to<br />

another in baskets<br />

tremadociano,-na adj Tremadocian<br />

tremadociense adj Tremadocian<br />

tremor nm tremor<br />

trempealeauense adj Trempealeauan<br />

trentoniense adj Trentonian<br />

trepano nm drill bit | t. de diamantes diamond<br />

drill bit<br />

triaquisoctaedro nm trioctahedron<br />

triangulacidn nf triangulation<br />

trias nm Trias, Triassic.<br />

triasico,-ca adj Triassic | nm Triassic<br />

Tribunal de Mineria nm mining court<br />

established in Peru in 1736<br />

tributario,-ria adj tributary<br />

triclmico,-ca adj triclinic<br />

tricroismo nm trichroism<br />

tridimita nf trydimite<br />

T-7<br />

triflita nf triphylite<br />

triedro,-ra adj trihedral<br />

trigiro nm ternary axis <strong>of</strong> rotation<br />

trilla nf [Mex] heap <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

trimorfismo nm trimorphism<br />

trinchar vtr [Col] to build a trincho, to dam<br />

trinchera nf trench, ditch | [Me"x] roughly<br />

stacked pile <strong>of</strong> rock or ore | t. de prestamos [PR]<br />

borrow pit<br />

trincho nm [Col] arrangement <strong>of</strong> dams, trenches<br />

etc. used to divert the flow <strong>of</strong> a stream for<br />

purposes <strong>of</strong> working a placer<br />

trinitiense adj Trinitian<br />

triple unidn nf triple junction<br />

tripolita nf diatomite<br />

triquita nf microlite<br />

trisoctaedro nm trioctahedron<br />

tritio nm tritium<br />

trituracidn nf grinding, crushing<br />

triturador,-dora adj crushing, grinding | nf<br />

crusher<br />

triturar vtr to crush or grind ore<br />

trivalente adj trivalent<br />

trocar la batea vtr [Col] to pass bateas <strong>of</strong> gravel<br />

from one worker to another by hand<br />

troje de metal nf [Huitzuco, Me"x] mercury ore<br />

filling open space in gypsum<br />

troncar vtr to truncate<br />

tronco nm stock | t. de montana peneplain | t.<br />

fosil coal pipe | t. petrificado woodrock<br />

trozo nm [Chacas, Pe] lump <strong>of</strong> ore the size <strong>of</strong> an<br />

egg<br />

truncacidn nf truncation<br />

truncado,-da adj truncate, truncated<br />

truncamiento nm truncation, as <strong>of</strong> strata<br />

truncar vtr to truncate<br />

trunco nm stock<br />

tuberia nf piping, tubing | drill string | t.<br />

colectora gathering line | t. de production<br />

producing drill string<br />

tubo nm tube | t. de explosion diatreme | t. de<br />

perforation drill pipe | t. portatestigos core barrel<br />

tucanita nf scarbroite<br />

tucurababi nm [Matape", Mex] an altered granite<br />

tucurubay nm gravel<br />

tueste nm roasting <strong>of</strong> ore<br />

tufaceo,-cea adj tufaceous<br />

tufisita nf tuffisite<br />

tufita nf tuffite<br />

tuflava nf tufflava<br />

tulio nm thulium

---

tumbado nm [Bol] vein or ore in the upper part<br />

<strong>of</strong> a working | false ceiling in a gallery or stope<br />

tumbaga nf [Col] an alloy <strong>of</strong> equal parts <strong>of</strong> gold,<br />

silver and copper<br />

tumbago nm [Col] impure gold<br />

tumbamiento nm recumbance<br />

tumbar vtr [M^x] to break ground, win or get<br />

ore | t. la mina [Col] to carelessly work a mine<br />

such that it caves<br />

tumbe nm [M^x] breaking ground, winning or<br />

getting ore<br />

tumor «m dome<br />

tunel nm tunnel, gallery<br />

tungomelano nm tungomelane<br />

tungstato nm tungstate<br />

tungsteno nm tungsten<br />

tungst£cor-ca adj tungstic<br />

tuoriense adj Tuorian<br />

tupia«/[Col] dam<br />

tupiar vtr [Col] to dam a stream or river<br />

turba nf peat<br />

turbacidn nf turbation<br />

turbal nm peat bog<br />

turbera nf peat bog | t. emergida upland moor |<br />

T-8<br />

t. sumergida low-level bog<br />

turbidez nf turbidity<br />

turbiedad nf turbidity<br />

turbio,-bia adj turbid<br />

turboglifo nm scour cast | t. intersepto furrow<br />

flute cast<br />

turbulento,-ta adj turbulent<br />

turingiano,-na adj Thuringian<br />

turingiense adj Thuringian<br />

turingita nf thuringite<br />

turmalina nf tourmaline | t. azul. indicolite | t.<br />

roja. rubellite<br />

turmalinizacidn nf tourmalinization<br />

turmalita nf tourmalite<br />

turno nm shift | tour <strong>of</strong> duty<br />

turoliense adj Turolian<br />

turoniano,-na adj Turonian<br />

turoniense adj Turonian<br />

turquesa nf turquoise<br />

tyrrheniense adj Tyrrhenian<br />

tysonita nf fluocerite<br />

tzinapu nm [Mex] obsidian

---

u<br />

ubicacion nf location, position, site<br />

ubicado,-da adj located<br />

ubicar vtr to locate, spot (as for a well) or plot<br />

(on a map) J vintr to be located, situated or<br />

placed<br />

ubicarse vpr to be located, situated or placed<br />

uchero nm llama dung carrier (llama dung was<br />

used in the patio process <strong>of</strong> amalgamation <strong>of</strong><br />

silver ores)<br />

ufertita nf davidite<br />

uintenseadj Uintan<br />

ulatsiense adj Ulatsian<br />

ulsteriense adj Ulsterian<br />

ultramar nm lapis lazuli, lazurite<br />

ultramilonita nf ultramylonite<br />

ultrarrojo,-ja adj infrared<br />

ultraviolado,-da adj ultraviolet | nm ultraviolet<br />

ultravileta nf ultraviolet<br />

ultravulcaniense adj Ultravulcanian<br />

ulvita nf ulvospinel<br />

ulla nf archaic or incorrect spelling <strong>of</strong> hulla<br />

'coal 1 ,<br />

ullera nf archaic or incorrect spelling <strong>of</strong> hullera<br />

'coal-mine, colliery 1,<br />

ullita nf archaic or incorrect spelling for hullita<br />

'anthracite 1,<br />

umbral nm swell | threshold | u. de circo \ u.<br />

continental swell | u. topografico topographic<br />

doorstep<br />

undacidn nf megafold<br />

undulacion nf undulation, wave<br />

unia"xico,-ca adj uniaxial<br />

uniclinal adj monoclinal<br />

unidad nf unit | u. absoluta absolute unit | u.<br />

bioestratigrafica biostratigraphic unit | u. central<br />

de procesamiento central processing unit | M.<br />

U-l<br />

cronoestratigrdfica cronostratigraphic unit | u.<br />

de cinta magnetica tape drive | u. de disco disk<br />

drive | u. de espaciamiento spacing unit, well<br />

spacing | u. de muestreo sampling unit | u.<br />

eotvos eotvos unit | u. estratogrdfica<br />

stratigraphic unit | u. gravimetrica gravity unit<br />

J u. litoestratigrdfica lithostratigraphic unit | u.<br />

tectonica tectonic unit | u. termica inglesa British<br />

thermal unit (BTU)<br />

unification nf unitization (<strong>of</strong> an oil field)<br />

uniformidad nf uniformity<br />

unirse vpr to coalesce<br />

uneta nf stone cutter's chisel<br />

uralitizacidn nf uralitization<br />

uranico,-ca adj uranic<br />

uramfero,-ra adj uraniferous<br />

uranio nm uranium<br />

urano nm uranium oxide<br />

uranocre nm uranocher<br />

uran<strong>of</strong>ano nm uranophane<br />

uranolito nm meteoric stone<br />

uranopicco nm uraninite, pitchblende<br />

uranosfaerita nf uranosphaerite<br />

uranotantalita nf samarskite<br />

uranothallita nf liebigite<br />

uranotilo nm uranotile<br />

urao nm gaylussite (a form <strong>of</strong> trona)<br />

urgue nm [Col] clay selvage on a vein<br />

uriconiense adj Uriconian<br />

usamerita nf greywacke<br />

utahita nf jarosite | natrojarosite<br />

utahlita nf variscite<br />

utiles nmpl tools, equipment | u. de extraccion<br />

fishing tools j «. de labortorio laboratory<br />

equipment | u. de sondeo drilling tools<br />

uvala nf karst valley, uvala<br />

uwarowita nf uvarovite (variety <strong>of</strong> garnet)<br />

uzbekita nf volborthite

---

vacia nf wacke | v. gris greywacke<br />

vaciada nf melt | dumping<br />

vaciadero nm dump, tailings pile, spoils bank<br />

vaciado nf emptying | pouring, casting | [Mex]<br />

excavation<br />

vaciador nm worker who dumps waste or slag-<br />

pots | v. de carros car dumper<br />

vaciagris nm greywacke<br />

vaciamar nf ebb tide<br />

vaciante nf ebb tide<br />

vaciar vtr to empty out | to drain | to hollow<br />

out | to sluice <strong>of</strong>f | to discharge water, etc. |<br />

to dump | to bail out a well | [Mex] to<br />

excavate | vpr to flow out<br />

vacio,-ia adj empty | nm vacuum, void |<br />

vacancy<br />

vacisco nm [Almaden, Sp] fines <strong>of</strong> mercury ore<br />

and gangue produced by crushing preparatory<br />

to concentration and smelting<br />

vacuo nm vacuum<br />

vagdn nm ore car | v. carboner coal car | v.<br />

tisterna a railcar load <strong>of</strong> 10 mt petroleum | v. de<br />

bascula, de pica, volcador, or de volquete dumping<br />

or tipper car | v. de mineral ore car<br />

vagonada nf carload<br />

vaguada nf lowest part <strong>of</strong> a valley | watershed,<br />

divide | talweg | channel, watercourse<br />

vaho nm steam | vapor | fumes<br />

vainiforme adj pod-like<br />

valangiano,-na adj Valangian<br />

valangiense adj Valangian<br />

Valencia nf valency, valence<br />

valendisiense adj Valendisian<br />

valentiano,-na adj Llandoverian<br />

valentiense adj Llandoverian<br />

valioso,-sa adj precious<br />

valmeyerense adj Valmeyeran<br />

valor nm value, worth | v. BTU calorific value,<br />

BTU value | v. contable book value | v. de la<br />

inclination degree <strong>of</strong> inclination | v. de la<br />

rotation amount <strong>of</strong> rotation | v. extreme<br />

extreme value | v. limite limit value<br />

valla nf terreplain | embankment<br />

valle nm valley | aclinal | v. antecedente<br />

antecedent valley | v. anticlinal anticlinal valley<br />

| v. colgado hanging valley | v. colgante hanging<br />

valley | v. de aluviones bottom land | v. de<br />

drenaje water gap | v. de erosion erosional valley<br />

V-l<br />

| v. defondo valley with well developed<br />

flood plain | v. defractura tectonic valley | v. de<br />

hundimiento rift valley | v. en artesa trough-<br />

shaped valley | v.enu U-shaped valley | v. en<br />

V V-shaped valley | v. epigenetico<br />

superimposed or antecedent valley | v. glatiar<br />

glacial valley | v. longitudinal longitudinal<br />

valley | v. maduro mature valley | v. seco strath<br />

| v. sinclinal synclinal valley | v. subsecuente<br />

subsequent valley | v. sumergido submerged<br />

valley, firth | v. tectonico structural valley | v.<br />

transversal transverse valley<br />

vanadato nm vanadinite | vanadate<br />

vanadifero,-ra adj vanadiferous<br />

vanadio nm vanadium<br />

vanado-magnetita nf coulsonite<br />

vapor nm vapor | v. vivo steam<br />

vaporar vtr to evaporate<br />

vaporizacidn nf evaporation<br />

vara nf the old <strong>Spanish</strong> yard or rod, which<br />

varies from 0.8 to 1.1 meters (see section on<br />

weights and measures) | stick, rod | v. circular<br />

circular rod | v. de agrimensor measuring rod |<br />

v. de medir measuring rod | v. de topografia<br />

surveyor's rod | v. mdgica divining rod | v.<br />

portabrujula Jacob's staff<br />

varada nf three months <strong>of</strong> work in a mine<br />

vareo nm measuring in varas<br />

vareta nf rod | v. divinatoria divining rod | v.<br />

mdgica divining rod<br />

variable nf variable | v. aleatoria random<br />

variable | v. continua continuous variable | v.<br />

de control control variable | v. de ligazon<br />

conditional varriable | v. discreta discrete<br />

variable | v. endogena endogenous variable | v.<br />

exoogena exogenous variable | v. independiente<br />

independent variable | v. indicatriz indicator<br />

variable | v. latente latent variable | v. normal<br />

normally-distributed variable | variables no<br />

correladonadas uncorrelated variable.<br />

variation nf variation | v. de la aguja compass<br />

variation | v. de tenor variation in grade | v.<br />

secular secular variation<br />

variancia nf variance | v. conditional conditional<br />

variance | v. ligada conditional variance<br />

varilla nf rod | v. divinatoria divining rod | v.<br />

mdgica divining rod<br />

variolitico,-ca adj variolitic<br />

variometro nm variometer<br />

variscico,-ca adj Variscan<br />

varisco,-ca adj Variscan

---

varva nf varve | v. de arcilla glacial varve | v.<br />

glaciar glacial varve<br />

vaso nm used in the general sense <strong>of</strong> Vessel' to<br />

refer to all sorts <strong>of</strong> smelting and cupellating<br />

vessels and furnaces | [Tepecala, M£x] local<br />

variety <strong>of</strong> a copper refining furnace<br />

vauclusiense adj Vauclusian<br />

vecino,-na adj contiguous<br />

vega nf open plain | oxbow lake | [Col] a small<br />

valley | nfpl flood plain<br />

veinteno nm twentieth, a tax <strong>of</strong> one twentieth<br />

formerly levied on gold production in <strong>Spanish</strong><br />

America<br />

velaje glaciar nm breaking <strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> icebergs from<br />

glaciers<br />

velardenita nf gehlenite<br />

velocidad nf velocity | v. de filtration filtration<br />

rate | v. de una roca [seis] rock speed, speed <strong>of</strong><br />

propagation <strong>of</strong> mechanical waves in rock<br />

vena nf vein | bed | seam | streak or stripe <strong>of</strong><br />

a certain color in a stone | underground<br />

channel for water | v. interfoliada interfoliated<br />

vein<br />

venaje nf quantity <strong>of</strong> water in a river<br />

venera nf spring<br />

venerillo nm [Tipuani, Bol] pay gravel in a<br />

placer<br />

venero nm spring | source | mineralized vein |<br />

mineral deposit | bed or seam | [ Arg] hidden<br />

or blind mineral deposit | [Bol] placer tin<br />

deposit | [Bol, Pe] pay gravel in a placer<br />

venida nf overflow <strong>of</strong> a river<br />

venido nm [M£x] talus, debris<br />

venilla nf veinlet or stringer | small vein<br />

venita nf stringer, veinlet | venite (variety <strong>of</strong><br />

migmatite) | v. de cuarzo quartz stringer<br />

venoso,-sa adj veined<br />

ventaja estructural n/[pet] structural advantage<br />

ventana nf fenster, window | inlier | v. tectonica<br />

structural window<br />

ventanilla nf [Pe] natural opening in rock<br />

ventisquero nm glacier<br />

venturiense adj Venturian<br />

venturina nf aventurine quartz<br />

verada nf foot path, trail<br />

veraneador nm [Col] person who works placers<br />

only during dry season<br />

veraneo nm [Col] working <strong>of</strong> placers during dry<br />

season<br />

verano nm dry season (summer)<br />

vetdeadj green | nm green | verdigris | v.<br />

V-2<br />

esmeralda emerald green<br />

verdemar o^y sea green | nm sea green<br />

verdeoscuro,-ra adj dark green<br />

verdete nm verdigris<br />

verdinegro,-gra adj dark green<br />

verdiones nmpl [Ch] green staining indicative <strong>of</strong><br />

copper mineralization<br />

verdoso,-sa adj greenish<br />

vergencia nf vergence<br />

vermiculado,-da adj vermiculated<br />

vemadskita nf antlerite<br />

verosimilitud nf likelihood<br />

versiliense adj Versilian<br />

vertedera nf [Somorrostro, Sp] inclined shoot<br />

vertice nf apex | [surv] corner | v. de cierre<br />

closing corner | v. de referenda witness corner |<br />

v. testigo witness corner<br />

vertiente nf slope | aspect | drainage area,<br />

watershed, divide | waterfall | spring | [Sp]<br />

brook | v. de agua salada brine spring<br />

vesicula nf vesicle | gall | v. arcillosa clay gall<br />

vestigio nm in assaying or chemical analysis, a<br />

trace | vestige<br />

vesubiana nf vesuvianite | leucitite | mixture<br />

<strong>of</strong> calcite and hydromagnesite<br />

vesubianita nf vesuvianite<br />

vesuliano,-na adj Vesulian<br />

vesuliense adj Vesulian<br />

veta nf vein or lode, generally <strong>of</strong> lesser<br />

importance than a///on | mineralized bed or<br />

seam | streak or stripe in a rock | rib <strong>of</strong> ore in<br />

a vein, leader, or pay-streak | v. al sol vein with<br />

ore exposed at the surface | v. atravesada cross<br />

vein | v. bandeada ribbon or banded vein | v.<br />

boba [Ch] large, unmineralized vein | v.<br />

caldeadaal respaldo vein 'frozen' or 'welded' to<br />

wall rock | v. cateada vein explored by catas or<br />

shallow pits or shafts | v. clavada [Col] vertical<br />

vein | v. clavera spotty vein | v. corrida<br />

continuous vein | v. cortada cross-cutting vein<br />

| v. crucera cross vein | v. de cajon inclined vein<br />

| v. de carbon coal seam | v. de contacto contact<br />

lode | v. de cuarzo cross vein | v. defisura<br />

fissure vein | v. de manto bedded or horizontal<br />

vein | v. de mineral ore vein | v. de relleno de<br />

falla fault vein | v. de resbalon vertical vein | v.<br />

de sombra inclined vein (20° to 60°) | v. de<br />

segregation exudation or segregated vein | v. de<br />

sombra [Col] horizontal vein, manto | v. de tope<br />

bunchy or beaded vein | v. debil weak vein | v.<br />

desigual en mineral spotty vein | v. dislocadora

---

dislocating vein | v. echada inclined vein | v. en<br />

cola de caballo horse tail vein | v. en conformidad<br />

bedding-plane vein | v. en curia gash vein | v.<br />

en radiacion vein radiating from a common<br />

center with other veins | v. en rosario linked or<br />

amygdaloid vein | v. escalonada ladder vein |<br />

v. eslabonada linked vein | v. estertl barren vein<br />

| v.-filon fissure vein | v. forastera [Ch] newly<br />

discovered vein | v. formal strong vein | v.<br />

interfoliada interfoliated vein | v. jornalera vein<br />

whose yield just covers expenses leaving no<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>it | v. madre main or mother lode | v.<br />

manteada horizontal vein | v. muy tendida flat<br />

vein, bedded vein | v. rechazada dislocated vein<br />

| v. robada [Col] vein which on working shows<br />

signs <strong>of</strong> having been worked before | v. seca<br />

barren vein | v. secundaria secondary vein | v.<br />

sin crestones hidden or blind vein | v. socia<br />

companion vein | v. tabular tabular vein | v.<br />

transversal cross vein<br />

vetarrdn nm a large vein or lode<br />

veteado,-da adj veined<br />

vetica nf veinlet<br />

veticilla nf veinlet<br />

vetilla nf veinlet leader | [Mex] slickensides<br />

vetita nf fiber | stringer | v. de cuarzo quartz<br />

stringer | v. de mineral streak<br />

via nf gallery<br />

vibertita nf bassanite<br />

vibrosismica nf Vibroseis<br />

vicio nm defect, flaw<br />

vicksburgiense adj Vicksburgian<br />

vida nf life | v. media half-life<br />

vidrio nm glass | v. volcanico volcanic glass<br />

vidrioso,-sa adj glassy, vitrious<br />

vilemita nf willemite<br />

villafranqiano,-rta adj Villafranchian<br />

villafranquense nm Villafranchian<br />

vincularse a vpr to be related to | to be bound<br />

or tied to<br />

vindoboniano,-na adj Vindobonian<br />

vindoboniense adj Vindobonian<br />

violana nf violan<br />

virgen adj native as well as virgin, e.g. plata<br />

virgen 'native silver' | pure<br />

virgencia nf virgence<br />

virgiliense adj Virgilian<br />

virgloriano,-na adj Anisian<br />

virgloriense adj Anisian<br />

virguliano,-na adj Virgulian<br />

virguliense adj Virgulian<br />

V-3<br />

viridina nf viridine, manganandalusite<br />

virutas nfpl cuttings | v. de taladro drill cuttings<br />

viscometria nf viscometry<br />

viscometre nm viscometer<br />

viscosidad nf viscosity | v. cinematica kinematic<br />

viscosity | v. extrapolada extrapolated viscosity<br />

viscoso,-sa adj viscous<br />

viseano,-rta adj Visean<br />

visiense adj Visean<br />

visitademinasn/[Potosi, Bol] annual<br />

inspection by royal <strong>Spanish</strong> authorities <strong>of</strong> all<br />

mines and mills<br />

vista nf sight, view | v. en corte cross section | a<br />

la vista in sight<br />

vitreo,-ea adj glassy, vitreous | nf hyaline<br />

vitrico,-ca adj vitric<br />

vitrificacidn nf vitrification<br />

vitrificar vtr to vitrify<br />

vitrinoide nm vitrinoid<br />

vitrifirico,-ca adj vitriphyric<br />

vitri<strong>of</strong>ido nm vitrophyre<br />

vitriolo nm vitriol | v. azul copper sulfate | v.<br />

blanco zinc sulfate | v. de cobre chalcanthite | v.<br />

de marto copperas | v. verde copperas<br />

vitrita nf vitrian | vitrite<br />

vitroclarita nf vitroclarian<br />

vitr<strong>of</strong>idico,-ca adj vitrophyric<br />

vitr<strong>of</strong>iro nm vitrophyre<br />

volastonita nf wollastonite<br />

volatil adj volatile<br />

volatilizacidn nf volatilization<br />

volcado,-da adj inverted, overturned<br />

volcadura nf tilting<br />

volcamiento nm overturning<br />

volcan nm volcano | landslide | [Col] flood | v.<br />

active active volcano | v. apagado or extinto<br />

extinct volcano | v. de barro mud volcano | v.<br />

de cono compuesto composite cone | v. de cono de<br />

cenizas cinder cone | v. de escudo shield volcano<br />

| v. de lodo mud volcano | v. en escudo shield<br />

volcano | v. estratificado stratovolcano | v.<br />

estromboliano strombolian volcano | v.fango<br />

mud volcano | v. hawaiano Hawaiian or shield<br />

volcano | v. peleano Peleean volcano | v.<br />

submarino submarine volcano<br />

volcanicidad nf volcanism<br />

volcanico,-ca adj volcanic<br />

volcanismo nm volcanism<br />

volcanista nm volcanist<br />

volcanita nf volcanite<br />

volcanogenico,-ca adj volcanogenic

---

volcar vtr to invert, overturn | to dump<br />

volframifero,-ra adj tungsten-bearing,<br />

tungstiferous<br />

volframio nm wolframite<br />

volframita nf wolframite<br />

voltear vtr to dump | to overturn<br />

volumen nm volume | v. de los poros pore<br />

volume | v. de roca rock volume | v. poroso<br />

pore volume<br />

volum£trico,-ca adj volumetric<br />

volumetro nm volumeter<br />

vomito nm [Col] outcrop<br />

voragine nf whirlpool<br />

vortice nm whirlpool<br />

vraconiense adj Vraconian<br />

vuelco nm tilting, overturning | dumping | v.<br />

de estratos tilting <strong>of</strong> beds<br />

vuelta nf whorl | oxbow (<strong>of</strong> a river) |<br />

[Almade"n, Sp] one complete operation in the<br />

Bustamente or aludel furnace | dor v. la plata<br />

[Mex] to refine silver<br />

vulcanismo nm volcanism<br />

vulcanologia nf volcanology<br />

vulcanologista nm volcanologist<br />

vulcanologo,-ga nm and nf volcanologist<br />

vulfenita nf wulfenite<br />

V-4

---

w<br />

Waaliense nm Waalian<br />

waca nf wacke<br />

wacka nf wacke<br />

wackenrodita nf wachenrodite<br />

waldheimita nf actinolite<br />

walkerita nf pectolite<br />

walmstedtita nf breunerite<br />

walpurgina nf walpurgite, waltherite<br />

walpuigita nf walpurgite, waltherite<br />

waltherita nf walpurgite, waltherite<br />

Waltonense nm Waltonian<br />

waluewita nf xanthophyllite<br />

walleriannm hornblende<br />

wallerita nf greenstone<br />

wallongita nf wallongongite<br />

warrenita nf owyheeite or jamesonite |<br />

Pennsylvania oil (paraffin rich hydrocarbons)<br />

warringtonita nf brochantite<br />

warthita nf blodite<br />

warwicita nf warwickite<br />

Wasatchiense nm Wasatchian<br />

washingtonita nf ilmenite<br />

Washitense nm Washitan<br />

wasita nf impure allanite<br />

Waucobense nm Waucoban<br />

waudi nm wadi<br />

way nm oreway, chimney feeding an ore pass<br />

Wealdense nm/adj Wealden<br />

webnerita nf andorite<br />

webskyita nf fibrous serpentine<br />

weibyeita nf bastnesite<br />

weinschenkita nf churchite<br />

weissiannm scolecite<br />

weissigita nf lithium allanite<br />

Wemmelense nm Wemmelian<br />

wenlockiense nm/adj Wenlock<br />

wentzelita nf hureaulite<br />

werfeniano,-na adj Werfenian | nm Werfenian<br />

werfeniense nm/adj Werfenian<br />

werhemannita nf aluminite<br />

wernerismo nm Neptunism<br />

werneritizacion nf dipyritization<br />

weslienita nf romerite<br />

westanita nf altered andalusite<br />

W-l<br />

westfaliano,-na adj Westphalian<br />

westfaliense nm/adj Westphalian<br />

westgrenita nf bismutomicrolite<br />

Weybourniense nm Weybournian<br />

whartonita nf nickeliferous pyrite<br />

wheeleriense nm/adj Wheelerian<br />

Whitbense nm Whitbian<br />

whitcliffiense nm/adj Whitcliffian<br />

whitherita nf witherite<br />

whitneyense nm/adj Whitneyan<br />

wiborgita nf viborgite (obs, rapakivi granite)<br />

wichtina nf wichtisite (obs, vitrophyritic<br />

diabase)<br />

wilcoxiense nm/adj Sabinian<br />

wilhemita nf willemite<br />

wilinita nf idocrase<br />

wiltshireita nf rathite<br />

williamsita nf antigorite<br />

winche nm winch<br />

winchellita nf lintonite<br />

wisconsinense nm/adj Wisconsinan<br />

wiserina nf anatase | xenotime<br />

wismutaurita nf native gold containing up to 3<br />

percent bismuth<br />

wittichita nf wittichenite, klaprothite<br />

wittingita nf altered rhodonite<br />

wocheinita nf bauxite<br />

wolchita nf bournonite<br />

wolfachita nf mixture <strong>of</strong> gersdorfite and<br />

ullmanite<br />

wolfcampiense nm/adj Wolfcampian<br />

wolfram nm tungsten | wolframite | w. blanco<br />

calcium tungstate<br />

wolframifero,-ra nf tungsten-bearing,<br />

tungstiferous<br />

wolframio nm wolfram<br />

wolfsbergita nf chalcostibite<br />

wolftonita nf hetairite<br />

wolnina nf barite<br />

wolnymwm barite<br />

wollongita nf wollongongite (a carbonaceous<br />

shale)<br />

woodbiniense nm/adj Woodbinian<br />

woodfordita nf ettringite<br />

worobieffita nf cesium and lithium beryl<br />

wurtzilita nf asphaltic pyrobitumin

---

xairo,-ra adj [Col] skew, oblique<br />

xalostocita nf landerite (par grossularite)<br />

xanotoxeno nm xanthoxenite<br />

xanthokon nm a variety <strong>of</strong> diamond<br />

xantiosita nf xanthiosite<br />

xantita nf xanthite (par vesuvianite)<br />

xantoarsenita nf sarkinite<br />

xantoconita nf xanthoconite<br />

xantocroita nf greenockite<br />

xant<strong>of</strong>ilita nf clintonite<br />

xantopirita nf pyrite<br />

xantorita nf xanthorthite (altered allanite)<br />

xantosiderita nf goethite<br />

xantoxenita nf xanthoxenite<br />

xantiosita nf xanthiosite<br />

xantotitano nm xanthitane (alteration product <strong>of</strong><br />

sphene)<br />

xenoblastico,-ca adj xenoblastic<br />

xenoblasto nm xenoblast<br />

xenobloque nm xenolith | erratic block<br />

xenocristal nm xenocryst<br />

xenocristo nm xenocryst<br />

xen<strong>of</strong>iro nm xenophyre (obs, dike)<br />

xenogenito,-ta adj epigenetic<br />

xenogenuoso,-sa adj epigenetic<br />

xenoiquico,-ca adj xenoikic (obs, poikilitic)<br />

xenolita nf xenolite | xenolith<br />

xenolitico,-ca adj xenolithic<br />

xenolito nm xenolith<br />

xenom6rfico,-ca adj xenomorphic<br />

xenomorfico-granular adj xenomorphic<br />

xenomorfismo nm xenomorphism<br />

xenomorfo nm xenomorph<br />

xenon nm xenon | x.-x. xenon-xenon<br />

xenoporfiritico,-ca adj xenoporphyritic<br />

xenotermal adj xenothermal<br />

xenotima nf xenotime<br />

xenotina nf xenotime<br />

xenotipala nf cenotypal<br />

xenotoba nf xenotuff<br />

xenotopico,-ca adj xenotopic<br />

xerico,-ca adj xeric<br />

xerotennico,-ca adj xerothermic | nm<br />

xerothermic<br />

xihuitl nm [Me"x.] turquoise<br />

xilantita nf fossil wood<br />

xiloide nm xyloide<br />

xilito/-ta adj xyloid | nm xyloide<br />

xilopalo nm wood opal, opalized wood<br />

xilotilo nf xylotile<br />

xylantita nf xylanthite<br />

xylenita nf xylenite, xylinite<br />

xylinita nf xylenite, xylinite<br />

xylinoide nm xylinoid<br />

xylita nf xylith, xylite | Fe-palygorskite<br />

xylito nm xylith, xylite<br />

xylochloro nm green apophyllite<br />

xylocriptita nf xylokryptite (par schererite)<br />

xyloide adj xyloid<br />

xylolitha nf petrified wood<br />

xylopal nm wood opal<br />

xylotilo nm xylotile (probably an altered<br />

chrysotile asbestos) | fibrous serpentine<br />

xylovitrian nm euvitrian<br />

xylovitriano nm euvitrian<br />

X-l

---

yacente adj lying, deposited | nm footwall<br />

yacer vintr to be lying down, deposited | to be<br />

located | y. con to lie or be deposited with | y.<br />

con discordancia to lie discordantly<br />

yaciente adj lying, deposited | nm footwall<br />

yacimiento nm bed, deposit | ore deposits | y.<br />

agotado exhausted deposit, worked out deposit<br />

| y. anticlinal deposit occuring within an<br />

anticline | y. con capo, gastfera oil field with a<br />

gas cap | y. de carbon coal deposit | y. de<br />

condensado condensate deposit | y. de contacto<br />

contact metamorphic deposit | y. de hierro de<br />

los pantanos bog iron ore deposit | y. de<br />

impregnation impregnation or disseminated<br />

deposit | y. de magma liquido liquid magmatic<br />

deposit | y. de segregation segregation deposit |<br />

y. de substitution replacement deposit | y. en<br />

aluviones placer deposit | y. en masa massive<br />

deposit | y. epigenetico epigenetic deposit | y.<br />

epitermal epithermal deposit | y. escondido blind<br />

or buried deposit | y. estratificado stratified<br />

deposit | y. estratiforme stratiform deposit | y.<br />

filoniano vein deposit | y. hipogenico hypogene<br />

deposit | y. hipotermal hypothermal deposit |<br />

y. hullero coal field | y. lenticular alargado shoe<br />

string sand deposit | y. magmdtico magmatic<br />

deposit | y. mesotermal mesothermal deposit |<br />

y. metalifero metalliferous mineral deposit | y.<br />

metasomdtico metasomatic deposit | y. mineral<br />

mineral deposit | y. no metdlico non-metallic<br />

mineral deposit | y. pegmatitico pegmatitic<br />

deposit | y. petrohfero oil filed | y. plutonico<br />

plutonic deposits | y. pneumatolitico<br />

pneumatolytic deposit | y. primario primary or<br />

hypogene deposit | y. salino saline or evaporite<br />

deposits | y. secundario secondary or supergene<br />

deposit | y. singenetico syngenetic deposit | y.<br />

submarino de hidrocarburos <strong>of</strong>fshore<br />

hydrocarbon deposit | y. superficial surface or<br />

surficial deposit | y. supergenico supergene<br />

deposit | y. subvolcdnico subvolcanic deposit |<br />

y. tabular tabular deposit | y. virgen<br />

unexploited deposit<br />

yakutense adj Yakutsk | nm Yakutsk<br />

Yakutskense nm Yakutsk<br />

yalakomita nf [BC, Mex] yalakomite (a<br />

serpentmized ultrabasic rock used as a<br />

decorative stone)<br />

Y-l<br />

yamagutilita nf oyamalite (var zircon)<br />

yamasquita nf yamaskite (obs, amphibole<br />

jacupirangite)<br />

yanacona nm a miner who works a mine leased<br />

from an absentee owner<br />

yanolita nf axinite<br />

yapa nf mercury added to silver ore to facilitate<br />

extraction<br />

yapar vtr to add mercury to silver ore<br />

yarda nf yard <strong>of</strong> three feet | y. cuadrada square<br />

yard | y. cubica cubic yard | y. graduada de<br />

medir yardstick<br />

yardaje nm yardage<br />

yareta nf [Bol, Pe, Ch] a resinous moss found in<br />

the Altiplano and used as a fuel<br />

Yarmouth nm Yarmouthian<br />

yasa nf dry stream<br />

yauca nf [Pe] a smooth, black clay with greasy<br />

lustre found in veins<br />

yeatmanita nf yeatmanite<br />

ye"bel nm mountain, djebel, jebel<br />

yelero nm [Ve] a windy place on a snow-capped<br />

mountain<br />

yenita nf ilvaite<br />

Yeovilense nm Yeovilian<br />

yerba nf a flaw in an emerald<br />

yermo^maa^/ uninhabited | nm desert<br />

yesal nm gypsum mine | gypsum deposit<br />

yesarnm gypsum mine | gypsum deposit<br />

yesera nf gypsum pit | gypsum kiln<br />

yeseria nf gypsum kiln<br />

yesero,-ra adj plaster | nm preparer and vendor<br />

<strong>of</strong> gypsum<br />

yesifenvra adj containing gypsum, gypsiferous<br />

yeso nm gypsum | chalk | plaster | y. anhidro<br />

anhydrous plaster | y. arenoso gypsum sand |<br />

y. bandeado banded gypsum | y. blanco whiting,<br />

finishing plaster | y. de enlucir gypsum plaster<br />

| y. de estucar gypsum plaster | y. de Paris<br />

plaster <strong>of</strong> Paris | y. de vatiar casting plaster | y.<br />

duro cement plaster | y. en cola de golondrina<br />

selenite | y. espdtico selenite | y. especular<br />

selenite | y. fetido bituminous gypsum | y.<br />

fibroso fibrous gypsum | y. mate plaster <strong>of</strong> Paris<br />

| y. negro patent-plaster | y. selenita selenite<br />

yesdnnm gypsum cap | chunk <strong>of</strong> plaster<br />

yesoso,-sa adj gypseous, rich in gypsum |<br />

chalky<br />

yesosos nmpl [Aguascalientes, M6x] copper ores<br />

having a calcite or flourite matrix<br />

yneziense adj/nm Ynezian

---

yodado,-da adj iodized | containing iodine<br />

yod&ivtr to iodize<br />

yoda'rgira nf iodargyrite<br />

yodaigirita nf iodargyrite<br />

yodato nm iodate<br />

yoderita nf yoderite<br />

yodico,-ca adj iodic<br />

yodirita nf iodargyrite<br />

yodo nm iodine | y.-amonio ammonium iodate<br />

yodobromita nf iodian bromargyrite<br />

yodoembolita nf iodargyrite<br />

yodostonolita nf manganese pyrochlore<br />

yoduracidn nf iodization<br />

yodurado/-da adj iodized<br />

yodurar vtr to iodize<br />

yoduro nm iodide | y. de hidrogeno hydroiodic<br />

acid | y. de plata iodargyrite, iodyrite | y.<br />

mercuriosos mercurious iodine<br />

yohidrico,-ca adj hydroiodic<br />

yohnstonolita nf manganese pyrope<br />

yohnstrupita nf mosandrite<br />

Yorkiense nm Yorkian<br />

yosemitgranitico/-ca adj granitic<br />

ypresiano,-na adj Ypresian<br />

Ypresense nm Ypresian | adj Ypresian<br />

yterbio nm ytterbium<br />

ytrio nm yttrium<br />

ytriogranate nm yttrian garnet<br />

ytroilmenita nf samarskite<br />

ytterbita nf gadolirdte-(Y)<br />

ytterita nf tengerite<br />

Y-2<br />

yttrialita nf thorium thalenite<br />

yttrita nf gadolinite-(Y)<br />

yttriumapatito nm yttrium apatite<br />

yttrobetafita nf yttrobetafite<br />

yttrocalcita nf yttrian fluorite<br />

yttrocerita nf cerian fluorite<br />

yttrocolombita nf samarskite<br />

yttr<strong>of</strong>luorita nf yttrian fluorite<br />

yttrogummita nf altered uraninite<br />

yttrohatchettolita nf uranpyrochlore<br />

yttroniobita nf samarskite<br />

yttro-ortita nf allanite-(Y)<br />

yttropirocloro nf yttropyrochlore<br />

yttrotitanita nf yttrium titanite<br />

yu nm yu (var jade)<br />

yuconita nf yukonite<br />

yuksporita nf pectolite.<br />

yungas nf [Ch, Pe, Bo] humid valleys on the east<br />

side <strong>of</strong> the Andes<br />

yusano,-na adj in a lower place (i.e. the<br />

footwall)<br />

yusente adj that rises or falls with the ebb tide |<br />

n.f. ebb<br />

yusero,-ra adj in a lower place (i.e. the footwall)<br />

yuso adv below (i.e. in the footwall)<br />

yuxtaponer vtr to juxtapose<br />

yuxtaposicidn nf juxtaposition<br />

yuxtapuesto,-ta adj juxtaposed<br />

yuxtalineal adj juxtalinear<br />

yuxtaposicidn nf juxtaposition

---

zabaleta nf [Linares, Sp] ash-pit <strong>of</strong> a furnace<br />

zaborra nf paving stone | gravel, grit |<br />

screenings | fragments<br />

zaborro nm [Sp] chunk <strong>of</strong> plaster<br />

zaca nf a large leather bag, like an oversize<br />

wine-skin (zaque) used to bail water out <strong>of</strong> a<br />

mine<br />

zafareche nm lake | reservoir<br />

zafir nm archaic spelling <strong>of</strong> zafiro<br />

zafireo,-ea adj sapphire-colored<br />

zafirino,-na adj sapphirine, sapphire-colored |<br />

nf blue chalcedony or agate<br />

zafirita nf a variety <strong>of</strong> blue chalcedony<br />

zafiro nm sapphire | ultramarine, lapis lazuli |<br />

z. amarillo yellow topaz, oriental topaz | z.<br />

asteria star sapphire | z. azul blue hyaline<br />

corundum | z. azul hembra light blue hyaline<br />

corundum | z. azul macho dark blue hyaline<br />

corundum | z. blanco colorless sapphire, white<br />

sapphire | z. calcedonioso milky blue sapphire<br />

| z. de agua gem cordierite | z. del Brasil blue<br />

tourmaline, indicolite | z. Du Puy Du Puy<br />

sapphire (from Expailly, near Du Puy, France)<br />

| z, estrellado sapphire with asterism | z. falso<br />

pink tourmaline | z. girasol girasol sapphire |<br />

z. ojo de gato cat's-eye sapphire | z. oriental<br />

light blue sapphire, oriental sapphire | z. rojo<br />

oriental ruby, red corundum | z. verdadero<br />

saffire | z. verde oriental emerald, green<br />

hyaline corundum | z. violeta oriental<br />

amethyst, violet hyaline corundum<br />

zafra nf gangue, waste rock<br />

zafre nm zaffer or zaffre, an oxide <strong>of</strong> cobalt<br />

zafrero nm common laborer in a mine (usually<br />

applied to muckers)<br />

zagalone nm [Cartagena and Almagrera, Sp]<br />

youth employed as an orebearer<br />

zahen adj <strong>of</strong> fine gold, generally in the case <strong>of</strong><br />

coinage<br />

zahena nf doubloon, an old <strong>Spanish</strong> coin<br />

zahondar vtr to sink | vintr to deepen<br />

zahorra nf ballast stone<br />

zala nf borax<br />

zamarra nf slab | bloom <strong>of</strong> a Catalonian forge<br />

zamboninita nf mixture <strong>of</strong> fluorite and sellaite<br />

| nontronite<br />

zambullidor nm [Col] workman who dives<br />

underwater to recover auriferous gravels<br />

Z-l<br />

zambullir vtr [Col] to extract auriferous<br />

gravels from a streambed by diving, with the<br />

assistance <strong>of</strong> ladders, poles etc., the gravels<br />

usually being collected in bateas for washing<br />

zancleano,-na nm/adj Zanclean<br />

zangarro nm [Asientos, Me"x] small mill<br />

zanja nf ditch, channel, trench | trench,<br />

cutting, or pit, such as those dug to prospect<br />

for ores | [Arg, PR] ravine, gully | z. de<br />

exploration test trench | z. de lodo mud pit | z.<br />

de prestamo borrow pit<br />

zanjadora nf ditching machine, ditcher<br />

zanjar vtr to dig a ditch or trench (note: used<br />

figuratively, zanjar means to overcome some<br />

difficulty or obstacle)<br />

zanjeador nm ditch digger<br />

zanjeadora nf ditcher<br />

zanjear vtr to dig a ditch<br />

zanjeo nm ditching, ditch digging | underhand<br />

s toping<br />

zanjdn nm large or deep ditch or trench | [Arg]<br />

steep gully | [PR] solution corridor<br />

zanoga nf glacial cirque<br />

zapa nf sapping, undermining, or trenching as<br />

military engineers did in the days <strong>of</strong> seige<br />

warfare | intermediate galleries driven<br />

between main galleries<br />

zapadora nf excavator<br />

zapapico nm pick-axe, mattock<br />

zapar vtr to undermine | to excavate<br />

zaranda nf sieve, screen, or riddle, either used<br />

by hand (de mano) or mechanical<br />

zarandado,-da adj sieved, screened<br />

zarandador,-dora nm/nf screener, siever<br />

zarandar vtr to sift, sieve, screen<br />

zarandear vtr to sift, sieve, screen<br />

zarandeo nm sifting sieving, or screening | z.<br />

grosero rough screening<br />

zarandero,-ra nm or nf sifter, screen tender<br />

zarandillo nm small sieve<br />

zarco,-ca adj light blue<br />

zarda nf [Arg] a type <strong>of</strong> bit used for drilling<br />

wells<br />

zarzo nm ro<strong>of</strong> timber in a mine<br />

zemorriense nm/adj Zemorrian<br />

zenit nm zenith<br />

zenital adj azimuthal<br />

ze<strong>of</strong>ilita nf zeophyllite<br />

zeolita nf zeolite | z. azul lazulite | z. baritica<br />

barium zeolite | z. bronceada dark stilbite | z.<br />

calcica calcium zeolite | z. cubica chabazite | z.

---

caldfera calcium zeolite | z. de Borkhult<br />

zeolitized anorthite | z. de Bretana laumontite<br />

| z. de Edelfors edelforsite | z. de Sudermania<br />

spodumene | z. de Suecia spodumene | z. del<br />

Cabo prehnite | z. dura analcime | z. ferrica<br />

iron zeolite | z. harinosa laumontite | z.<br />

manganesica manganese zeolite | z. nacarada<br />

stilbite | z. potasica potassium zeolite | z.<br />

radiada mesolite | z. roja edelforsite | z. sodica<br />

sodium zeolite | z. sodicalda sodium-calcium<br />

zeolite<br />

zeolitico,-ca adj zeolitic<br />

zeolitizacidn nf zeolitization<br />

zermattita nf chiysotile | antigorite<br />

zeugira nf metabrushite<br />

zeuxita nf acicular ferrous tourmaline<br />

zeylanita nf ceylonite<br />

zeyringita nf calcite | aragonite<br />

zeyssatita nf randanite<br />

zianita nf kyanite<br />

ziguelina nf a brick-red var cuprite (mixed with<br />

limonite) | dolomite with finely disseminated<br />

cinnabar<br />

zigzag nm zigzag | en z. staggered<br />

zigzaguear vtr to zigzag<br />

zillerita nf tremolite-actinolite asbestos (var<br />

mountain cork)<br />

zillerthita nf tremolite-actinolite asbestos (var<br />

mountain cork)<br />

zimapanita nf zimapanite (a rejected mineral<br />

species)<br />

zinalsita nf zinalsite<br />

zinc nm zinc | z. carbonatado smithsonite | z.<br />

electrotermico electrothermic zinc | z.<br />

hidrocarbonatado hydrozincite, calamine | z.<br />

oxidado silidfero calamine, hydrozincite<br />

zincaluminita nf zincaluminite<br />

zincazurita nf mixture <strong>of</strong> zinc sulfates and<br />

copper carbonates<br />

zincifero,-ra adj zinc-bearing/ zinciferous<br />

zincobotriogen nm zincobotryogen<br />

zincocalcita nf zinc calcite<br />

zinc<strong>of</strong>errita nf franklinite<br />

zincolivenita nf zinc olivine<br />

zinconisa nf hydrozincite, calamine<br />

zincoschefferita nf zinc schefferite<br />

zincosita nf zinc sulfate<br />

zincoso,-sa adj zincous<br />

zincrodocrosita nf zinc rhodochrosite<br />

zincromerita nf zinc romerite<br />

zincsiderita nf zinc siderite<br />

Z-2<br />

zincteallita nf mixture <strong>of</strong> teallite and wurtzite<br />

zinkaragonito nm nicholsonite<br />

zinkboothita nf zinc boothite<br />

zinkhausmannita nf hetairite<br />

zinkisa nf tin sulfide<br />

zinkita nf zincite<br />

zinkmelanterita nf zinc melanterite<br />

zinkosita nf zinc sulfate<br />

zinkphyllita nf hopeite<br />

zinntitanita nf stanniferous<br />

sphene<br />

zinopel nm red jasper mixed with gold-bearing<br />

pyrite<br />

zinque nm zinc (archaic spelling)<br />

ziquitumba nf dewatering <strong>of</strong> a mine by hand<br />

labor<br />

zircarbita nf zirconium carbonate<br />

zirc<strong>of</strong>ilita nf zircophyllite<br />

zircdn nm zircon | z. favas baddeleyite<br />

zirconiana nf zincan syenite<br />

zirconio nm zirconium<br />

zirconita nf zircon<br />

zircdn-jacinto nm rosembuschite<br />

zircdn-pectolita nm rosembuschite<br />

zirconolita nf zirkelite<br />

zircosulfato nm zircosulfate<br />

zirkita nf mixture <strong>of</strong> zircon and baddeleyite<br />

zirk<strong>of</strong>ilita nf zircophyllite<br />

zirlita nf allophane<br />

ziszds nm zigzag | en z. staggered<br />

zoantariense nm Zoantarian<br />

zoblitzita nf serpentine<br />

zdcalo nm basement, continental platform | z.<br />

continental continental shelf, continental plain<br />

| z. estable table shelf or platform | z. insular<br />

insular shelf | z. Idbil tectonically formed<br />

platform or shelf | z. liminar continental plain<br />

zocollar vtr [Ec] to clear land (preparatory to<br />

mining)<br />

zoesita nf fossiliferous chalcedony<br />

zoisitaoligoclasapegmatita nf oligoclase zoisite<br />

pegmatite<br />

zona nf zone. | area (as in la zona estudiada 'the<br />

study area 1) | region, belt (as in zona<br />

mineralizada 'mineralized region' or Ijelt.') |<br />

layer or band <strong>of</strong> mineral in a vein (as in zonas<br />

de cuarzo, 'quartz bands') | z. abisal abyssal<br />

zone | z. abismal abyssal zone | z. aciete-agua<br />

oil-water contact | z. aclinal aclinal area | z.<br />

afotica aphotic zone | z. alterada [seis]<br />

weathered zone | z. batial bathyal zone | z.

---

tiega [seis] blind zone | z. comprobada proven<br />

zone | z. contaminada contaminated zone | z.<br />

contigua contiguous zone | z. cortical upper<br />

crust | z. costera coastal zone (to 200 m depth)<br />

| z. de ablation ablation area | z. de acumuladon<br />

accumulation zone | z. de aeration zone <strong>of</strong><br />

suspended water | z. de agotamiento zone <strong>of</strong><br />

depletion | z. de alteration alteration zone. | z.<br />

de anamorfismo anamorphic zone | z. de<br />

arrancjtte root zone | z. de Beni<strong>of</strong>f Beni<strong>of</strong>f zone<br />

| z. de capos plegadas folded zone | z. de<br />

capilaridad capillary fringe | z. de cementation<br />

zone <strong>of</strong> cementation | z. de cizalladura shear<br />

zone | z. de cizallamiento shear zone | z. de<br />

contacto contact zone | z. de deposition zone <strong>of</strong><br />

deposition | z. de derrumbamiento zone <strong>of</strong><br />

caving (in a well) | z. de desarollo development<br />

zone, pay zone | z. de descargo zone <strong>of</strong><br />

discharge | z. de dislocation fault zone | z. de<br />

drenaje drainage area | z. de erosion zone <strong>of</strong><br />

erosion | z. de explotadon producing zone | z.<br />

defalias fault zone, zone <strong>of</strong> faulting | z. deflujo<br />

zone <strong>of</strong> flow or plastic flow | z. de<br />

fracturamiento or fracturation fracture zone | z.<br />

de hundamiento zone <strong>of</strong> subsidence | z. de<br />

iluviacion zone <strong>of</strong> illuviation | z. de infiltration<br />

zone <strong>of</strong> infiltration | z. de inundation flood<br />

area | z. de invasion invasion zone | z. de<br />

inyection injection zone | z. de las coratnas (30-<br />

90 m water depth) | z. de las laminarias (0-30 m<br />

water depth) z. de fos corales (100-500 m water<br />

depth) | z. de meteorization zone <strong>of</strong> weathering<br />

| z. de mobilidad asthenosphere | z. de perdida<br />

de circulation de lodo lost circulation zone | z.<br />

de saturation saturation zone | z. de saturation<br />

intermitente zone <strong>of</strong> intermittent saturation | z.<br />

de sedimentation zone <strong>of</strong> deposition | z. de<br />

transformation metamorfica metamorphic<br />

transformation zone | z. de transition<br />

transition zone | z. de trituracion crush zone |<br />

z. de turbulentia zone <strong>of</strong> turbulence | z. de<br />

vortices whirl-zone | z. defe»7 weak zones in the<br />

crust that form geosynclines | z. disfotica<br />

dysphotic zone | z. eufotica euphotic zone | z.<br />

explotada stope | z. externida external zone (in<br />

alpine folding) j z. fallada fault zone | z. /irme<br />

terra firma | z./fwida lower crust | z.<br />

fracturada fracture zone | upper crust | z.<br />

glacial glacial zone | z. infiltrada infiltration<br />

zone | z. intermedia intermediate belt | that<br />

part <strong>of</strong> a geosyncline where mountain-<br />

Z-3<br />

building occures | z. internida internal zone (in<br />

alpine folding) | z. inundada flooded zone | z.<br />

Umite limiting zone | z. litoral coastal zone | z.<br />

medianida zone <strong>of</strong> folding | z. medida zone <strong>of</strong><br />

folding | z. mesida zone <strong>of</strong> folding | z.<br />

metamorfido zone <strong>of</strong> maximum metamorphism<br />

| z. miogeosinclinal miogeosyncline | z.<br />

miomagmdtica miogeosyncline | z. muerta dead<br />

zone | z. no comprobada unproven zone,<br />

untested area | z. petrolifera oil zone | z.<br />

plegada folded zone | z. po/or polar zone | z.<br />

por escalones stoping ground | z. por escalones<br />

en escalon stoping level | z. positiva positive<br />

segment [<strong>of</strong> earth's crust] | z. productora<br />

productive zone, producing zone | z. rigida<br />

stable zone | z. stsmica seismic zone or area |<br />

z. de sombra [gephys] shadow zone | z.<br />

templada temperate zone | z. torrida torrid<br />

zone | en z. [cryst] zoned<br />

zonacion nf zonation. | z. metasomatica<br />

metasomatic zoning<br />

zonado,-da adj zoned<br />

zonal adj zonal<br />

zonalidad nf zonality, zoning<br />

zonamiento nm zoning<br />

zonar adj zoned compositionally (as for a<br />

magma)<br />

zonga nf [Col] rubble stone<br />

zonificacidn nf zoning<br />

zonita nf [Ariz] local term for multicolored<br />

chert and jasper<br />

zonizacidn nf [Arg] zoning<br />

zonoclorita nf zonochlorite (par pumpellyite)<br />

zonulo nm zonule<br />

zo<strong>of</strong>£smico,-ca adj zoophasmic<br />

zo6geno,-na adj <strong>of</strong> organic origin<br />

zoolita nf sedimentary rock formed exclusively<br />

or predominantly from animal remains |<br />

biolith | zoolith<br />

zoolito nm fossilized animal<br />

zopetero nm embankment, slope<br />

zorgita nf mixture <strong>of</strong> claustalite, tiemannite,<br />

and umangite<br />

zorra nm [Bol] flatcar used in a mine to carry<br />

equipment | [Mex] assistant who carried a<br />

light for the chief miner when the latter went<br />

underground<br />

zubia nf channel, pool, swamp<br />

zuloagense nm/adj Zuloagan<br />

zunyita nf zunyite<br />

zurdo nm a shaft sunk opposite the dipping

---

side <strong>of</strong> a vein, (this is, <strong>of</strong> course, opposite from<br />

the side <strong>of</strong> a vein one normally sinks a shaft<br />

on, unless one intends to stope from below;<br />

hence, the use <strong>of</strong> zurdo, which normally means<br />

'lefty' or 'southpaw 1, and in Hispanic cultures<br />

carries negative and unlucky connotations)<br />

zurlia nf mellilite<br />

zurrapa nf dregs, lees or sediment | raw<br />

sulpher containing 5 to 6% impurities<br />

zurrapiento,-ta adj muddy, turbid<br />

zurraposo,-sa adj muddy, turbid<br />

zurrdn nm leather bag or sack, holding about<br />

150 Ibs., used to haul ore<br />

zurronero nm workman who carries ore or<br />

waste in a zurron<br />

Z-4