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Khella Essential Oil

Ammi visnaga

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Essential Facts

Notes & Use

What Stillpoint "Nose"

Khella Essential Oil: An Underrated Aromatherapy Ingredient
  • Khella essential oil, derived from Ammi visnaga, remains relatively obscure in the realm of popular aromatherapy. This limited awareness could be attributed to the prevalent use of other plant extracts in research, overshadowing the essential oil. Found predominantly in the plant's umbels and fruit, the oil's composition is influenced by both the plant's maturity stage and the specific part used.
Powerful Antimicrobial Properties of A. visnaga Essential Oil
  • Research led by Iraj Rasooli unveiled that A. visnaga essential oil exhibits remarkable antimicrobial activity. Notably, it's highly effective against harmful bacteria like E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as also confirmed by Khalfallah (2011). This efficacy positions Khella as a potential key ingredient in treatments for respiratory issues and urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially when paired with other essential oils like tea tree and sandalwood.
Khella in Respiratory Health:
  • A Personal Account From my professional experience, A. visnaga essential oil proves to be an exceptional bronchial antispasmodic, likely due to its ester content. This makes it particularly effective for respiratory distress and asthmatic conditions, offering a gentler alternative to traditional oils that contain 1.8 cineole, which can sometimes trigger asthma attacks.
Case Study: A Breakthrough in Asthma Management with Khella
  • A striking example comes from my Aromatherapy Certification course, where a student, suffering from asthma, found relief with a Khella-based inhaler formula. This blend also featured Chamaemelum nobile, Citrus bergamia, and Inula graveolens, demonstrating Khella's potential in easing respiratory discomfort.
Combating Cold, Flu, and Respiratory Distress with Khella
  • In formulations aimed at addressing cold and flu symptoms, Khella pairs effectively with Thymus vulgaris ct thymol, Lavandula angustifolia, and Eucalyptus dives, providing significant relief.
Understanding Khella Beyond Its Essential Oil
  • It's crucial to note that Khellin, a pivotal compound in herbal preparations of Ammi visnaga, is absent in the distilled essential oil. Historically, Khellin has been utilized for a range of medical conditions, including renal colic, angina pectoris, asthma, and vitiligo (Kilicaslan, 2012).
Khella's Role in Allergy Management and Mast Cell Stabilization
  • Interestingly, despite lacking Khellin, Khella essential oil has shown anecdotal success in easing allergies. When used alongside Blue Tansy and Helichrysum italicum, it has helped clients with respiratory allergies and allergic dermatitis. This highlights the complex synergy in essential oils that transcends their individual components.

Traditional Use of Khella

A. visnaga: A Time-Honored Herb Documented Since Ancient Egypt
  • Ammi visnaga, commonly known as Khella, boasts a long and storied history dating back to 1546-1526 BC, as evidenced in Eber’s papyrus. Originating from the fertile Nile Delta, this herb is among the oldest known in herbal medicine.
The Greek Origins of Ammi visnaga: Insights from Dioscorides
  • The renowned Greek physician and botanist, Dioscorides (40-90 AD), played a pivotal role in documenting the use of Ammi visnaga. He named the plant "Ammi," derived from the Greek word "Ammos," meaning sand—a nod to Khella's affinity for sandy soils. The term "Visnaga" is believed to have originated from "bis actum," translating to "doubly pointed," as noted by Alam in 2018.
Khella in Egyptian Folk Medicine:
  • From Urinary Ailments to Modern Uses Historically, Khella was a staple in Egyptian folk medicine, primarily used for treating urinary calculi and bladder stones. Even today, its dried umbels are found in markets across the Middle East and Far East, where they are used as toothpicks, giving rise to names like "Toothpick plant" and "Toothpick Ammi."
The Therapeutic Versatility of Khella:
  • Loniceras' Observations According to Loniceras, Ammi was considered a hot, dry plant, making it suitable for treating "cold afflictions." This included its use for alleviating irritable stomachs, stimulating menstruation, and addressing urinary and reproductive issues. The seeds of the plant were historically used to treat sterility, convulsions in the urethra, and kidney stones. Additionally, Khella was known for its effectiveness in treating vertigo, diabetes, and headaches, as highlighted by Khallil in 2020.

Botany

Ammi visnaga, a significant plant in herbal medicine, is classified as an annual or biennial herb. This categorization is based on its life cycle: annuals complete their life cycle within one season, whereas biennials take two years, germinating and growing in the first year, surviving winter, blooming in the second year, and then dying.
 
Physical Characteristics and Growth Cycle of A. visnaga Ammi visnaga is known for its moderate growth, reaching up to 2’7” (0.8m) in height and 1’4” (0.4m) in width. The plant typically flowers from July to September. An intriguing aspect of A. visnaga is its self-fertility, possessing both male and female organs and being pollinated by insects. This feature is common among hermaphroditic plants.
 
The Apiaceae/Umbelliferae Family: A Rich Botanical Heritage Ammi visnaga is a proud member of the Apiaceae or Umbelliferae family, commonly known as the Carrot family. This botanical group includes approximately 434 genera and 3,700 species. The family is characterized by its aromatic nature, with members typically having hollow stems, taproots, and distinctive flat-topped flower clusters called umbels. Notable for their aromatic qualities and compounds like ethereal oils, terpenoids, and saponins, these plants are essential in various herbal remedies. Khella shares its botanical family with well-known plants like carrot (Daucus carota), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), and parsley (Petroselinum crispum).
Energetics

Energetic, Spiritual, and Emotional Qualities of Khella

Introduction to Khella Essential Oil and Chakra Healing
  • Khella essential oil, derived from the seeds of the A. visnaga plant, is known for its unique ability to resonate with multiple chakras, particularly the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th chakras. Through my extensive training in Energetic Medicine and subtle aromatherapy, I have observed its profound impact on these energy centers.
Khella and the Second Chakra: Enhancing Emotional Relationships
  • The second Chakra, centered around creation energy and interpersonal relationships, responds positively to Khella. Clients have reported smoother emotional dynamics after using Khella aromasticks. This chakra, crucial for personal and physical needs, finds balance and harmony through the subtle energies of Khella essential oil (Myss, 2017).
Empowering the Third Chakra with Khella Essential Oil
  • Focusing on the third Chakra, the Solar Plexus or Manipura, Khella essential oil has been instrumental in bolstering personal power and self-esteem. Application of Khella to this chakra has led to increased decision-making strength, reduced anxiety, and a clearer mindset. The Solar Plexus Chakra, a mediator between external and internal consciousness, benefits significantly from Khella's properties (Myss, 2017).
Khella's Influence on the Fourth Chakra:
  • Fostering Unconditional Love The Heart Chakra, or Anahata, is the central powerhouse of the human energy system. Khella essential oil plays a crucial role in nurturing unconditional love and compassion within this chakra. With its influence on the respiratory and circulatory systems, Khella supports both physical and spiritual aspects of the Heart Chakra (Myss, 2017).
Seed Oils and Their Role in Chakra Healing:
  • The Case of Khella Seed oils like Khella, with their protective and nurturing qualities, are vital in chakra healing. They assist in processing information, nurturing new ideas, overcoming blockages, and facilitating transformation across physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual challenges (Musacchio, 2020; Stillpoint, 2020).
Chemistry

Aroma-Chemistry of Khella

Chemical Composition:
 
Main components are Esters at approximately 48 percent, Monoterpenols and Monoterpenes with the primary constituents being
  •  isoamyl 2-methylbutyrate
  • isoamyl isobutyrate
  • iso-butyl-2-methylbutyrate
  • 2-methylbutyl 2-methylbutyrate
  • 2-methylbutyl isobutyrate
  • isoamyl isovalerate
  • monoterpenols - linalool predominantly
  • monoterpenes – various
Recipes & Blends

Recipes and Blends

Congestion crème (approximately 4% dilution)
1 ounce/30 ml Unscented lotion
6 drops Khella (Ammi visnaga)
4 drops Sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata)
6 drops Lavender, Spike (Lavandula latifolia)  
3 drops Inula (Inula graveolens)
4 drops Peppermint (Mentha x piperita)
 
Easy Breathing inhaler
(Found to be very effective for asthma)
35%  Khellla (Ammi visnaga)
20 % Bergamot (Citrus Bergamia)
25%  Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile)
20%  Inula (Inula graveolens)
5%    Hyssop (Hyssop decumbens)
 
Combine the essential oils in a small non-reactive bowl. Place the wick of a blank inhaler (aromastick) in the bowl to absorb the essential oils. Place the wick in the inhaler tube and tightly cap at the bottom. Replace the cover and screw tightly to close.
Safety Etc.

Safety Information for Khella

Khella is considered to be a safe oil with no known hazards. However, it may be phototoxic. (Tisserand and Young, 2014). 

References

Abdul-Jalil T.Z., Saour K., Nasser A.A. Phytochemical Study of some Flavonoids Present in the Fruits of Two Ammi L. Species Wildly Grown in Iraq. Iraqi J. Pharma. Sci. 2010;19:48–57
 
Alam, Shah & Anjum, Nighat & Akhtar, Jamal & Bashir, Fouzia. (2018). PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON KHELLA-(AMMI VISNAGA L.). World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 7. 212-224. 10.20959/wjpr201813-12702.
 
Batanouny K.H. Wild Medicinal Plants in Egypt: An Inventory to Support Conservation and Sustainable Use. Acad. of Scientific Research & Technology; Cairo, Egypt: 2001.
 
Battaglia S. (2003). The Complete Guide to Aromatherapy. Brisbane: International Centre of Holistic Aromatherapy.
 
Buckle, Jane, Jane Buckle, and Jane Buckle.  Clinical Aromatherapy Essential Oils in Healthcare. Elsevier, 2015. 37-72. Print.
 
Graves, Julia. The Language of Plants: A Guide to the Doctrine of Signatures. Great Barrington, MA: Lindisfarne, 2012. Print.
 
Haug KG, Weber B, Hochhaus G, Butterweck V. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of visnagin and Ammi visnaga aqueous extract after oral administration in rats. Planta Med. 2012 Nov;78(17):1831-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1315393. Epub 2012 Oct 24. Erratum in: Planta Med. 2013 Mar;79(3-4):312. PMID: 23096256.
 
Khadhri, Ayda & El Mokni, Ridha & Mguis, Khaled & Araújo, Maria Eduarda. (2011). Variability of two essential oils of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. a traditional Tunisian medicinal plant. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. Vol. 5. 5079-5082.
 
Khalfallah, Assia & Amira, Labed & Kabouche, Ahmed & Semra, Z. & Kaki, Bara & Touzani, Rachid & Kabouche, Zahia. (2011). Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of the essential oil of Ammi visnaga L. (Apiaceae) from Constantine, Algeria. International Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 1.
302-305.
 
Kilicaslan I, Coskun S. Spontaneous stone passage: is it Ammi visnaga effect? Urol Res. 2012 Dec;40(6):799-800. doi: 10.1007/s00240-012-0509-8. Epub 2012 Sep 19. PMID: 22990409
 
Musacchio, Virginia J. "Plant Parts." Stillpoint Aromatics. Web. 26 Oct. 2020.
 
Koriem KMM, Arbid MS, El-Attar MA. Acute and subacute toxicity of Ammi visnaga on rats. Interdiscip Toxicol. 2019 Sep;12(1):26-35. doi: 10.2478/intox-2019-0004. Epub 2020 Feb 20. PMID: 32189984; PMCID: PMC7061450.
 
Myss, Caroline. Anatomy of the Spirit: The Seven Stages of Power and Healing. New York: Harmony, 2017. Print.
 
Ram, J., Arun Sethi, Mahendra Nath, & Ramendra Pratap. (2019). The chemistry of heterocycles : chemistry of six to eight membered N, O, S, P and Se heterocycles. Elsevier
 
Rasooli, Iraj. (2007)  Phytobiological properties of Ammi visnaga L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Essential oils
 
Tisserand, R., Young, R., & Williamson, E. M. (2014). Essential oil safety : a guide for health care professionals. Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, Cop.
 
Vanachayangkul P, Byer K, Khan S, Butterweck V. An aqueous extract of Ammi visnaga fruits and its constituents khellin and visnagin prevent cell damage caused by oxalate in renal epithelial cells. Phytomedicine. 2010 Jul;17(8-9):653-8. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.011. Epub 2009 Dec 29. PMID: 20036111; PMCID: PMC3618668.
 
Woodward E.F. Botanical Drugs: A Brief Review of the Industry with Comments on Recent Developments. Econ. Bot. 1947;1:402–414. doi: 10.1007/BF02858903
 
Zhang T, Finn DF, Barlow JW, Walsh JJ. Mast cell stabilisers. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 May 5;778:158-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.071. Epub 2015 Jun 27. PMID: 26130122.

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