CIRCLE The set of all points in a plane which are at a constant distance from a fixed point in the plane is called circle The fixed point is called the centre and the constant distance is called the radius of the circle. Standard Form of a Circle Theorem 1: The equation of a circle with centre (h, k) and radius r is given by (x--h)? + (yk? =P. Proof: Suppose 4(h, k) be the centre and r be the radius of the circle, Suppose B(x, y) be any arbitrary point on the circle. Then, Boy) AB implies, ABE Hence, (x — h)? + (y ~ k)? = r? is the required equation of the circle at given centre and radius, Theorem 2: The equation of a circle with centre at the origin and radius r is Y given by? += 2 Proof: Suppose 4(0, 0) BO») be the centre and r be the radius of the circle and B(x, y) be an arbitrary point. Hence, the equation of a circle is aiven by (&-0P+(y-oF=R this implies, eta? x Co-ordinate Geometry leas’ 17 ircle described on the line 3: The equation of a circle pers, yy) and B(x» yx) as a diameter is (x —x,) (x x) + 9 -¥) WY) =O uppose A(x, y,) and B(x,, y,) are the end points ofa diameter of the circle and consider a point p(x, y) on the circle as shown in the figure. Aeuro} Bony) PG) Now, slope of AP = 7 —*L =m (say) and, slope of yn BP 5 ‘my, (say). % Since, we have Z APB = 90° that is, AP 1 BP. Hence, mm, =—1 this implies, YEN Yo Y2 x-y x=y Hence, the required equation of the circle is @-x) =x) *O-y¥) O-y)=0. General Equation of a Circle ‘The general equation of a circle is ofthe form x2 +t 2ge 3 2/7+C =0. Also, every equations of the form? +)? + oe *2H+C=0 represents a circle if (@+/2-C)>0 2021/19.97 20:4Proof: As we know that the equation of acircle with centre (i and radius ris (x - h)? + (yk = 7°. This implies, ety 2hx—2ky + UF +P -P)=0. ‘The above equation where L-# {form of the circle the centre constan' ‘The X-coordinate of coefficient of coefficient is of form ‘The Y-coordinate of the centre os coefficient of tap = cafficientof and (WP+R-P)=C fe ; Hence, x2 +)? + 2er + 2f’ + C= 0 is the general yrtant Points | | at . then the radius will be real equation of a circle. ‘Now, to prove that the equation x? +)? + 2gx +26” + C= 0 represents a circle, let the given equation is The Paramet xi +P + 2ex + 2+ C=0. 2 ‘This equation can be written as, (x? + 2ex + g°) FOR + BA Magrs7-C a wteteorsr= (leer ee) 1. or, Carer = (Ve? + or, (e—WP +(y-P =P where, ha-gk=f and pe (gape Hence, the equation will represent the circle when (Wet f?-O>o. Therefore, the radius of the circle = Veep Note: v+yP=Pisrcos®. 1. The X-coordinate on the circle 2, The ¥-coordinate on the circlex2 +)? =r isr sin. Parametric form of the equation of the circle (eA FO ke = 7. The equation of the circle having centre C(A, #) and having antius ris (xP + HP = SUPP Pay) le. Draw PM 1 OX, be any arbitrary point on circk cL ‘ON and CR 1 PM and let Z PCR=8. v | circle. = 0, then the radius will be zero presents a point circle. 72 C) <0. then the radius will be sents no circle. When (¢ + imaginary and the equation repre ric Equation of a Circle Y Parametric form of the equation of the circle +2 =F? The equation of the circle having centre at origin and having radius ris x7 +? = 7. Suppose, P(x, ») be any arbitrary point on circle. Draw PR 1 OX and let 4 POR = @. Hence, x =r cos @ and y=r sin @. Therefore, the equation x? + y? =r? is satisfied by x =rcos @ and y= sin for all the values of from Oto 2n. eee Now, x=OM=OL+LM =h+CR (Since, LM = CR) =A+r cos® y=PM=MR+ PR =K+PR (Since, LC = MR) =K+rsin@ Therefore, the enwation (x — RP + (y — A = ri tisfied by x= + rcos @ > ris PITY eee andNote: OATHEMATICS 1. The X-coordinate on the circle (x ~ A)? +(y"~ K)? = 72 is A+ F608 0. 2. The }-coordinate on the circle (x~ A)? + (yA)? = is A+ Fin 8, Example 1: Find the equations of the two circles which intersect the circles x? 4 y? — 6y + 1 = 0 and ¥° 437 Ay +1 = O orthogonally and touch the line 3x 4 Wwts-0 Solutio ippose the circle be dex t+ 2fr+C=0 i) The given circles are + Port 1=0 (ii) and B+ 4yt1=0 siti) Since, the cirele (i) intersect the circle (ii) orthogonally. Hence, 2ex042f%(3)=C+1 or, f= CHI iv) Again, the circle (i) intersect the circle (iii) orthogonally. Hence, 2g x04 2f*¢ or Now, solve the equation (iv) and (v), we get f=0 and C=-1 Hence, from equation (i), we obtain the circle 4+ y+ 2ge-1=0 (vi) The centre of circle (vi) is (-g, 0) and the radius of circle (vi) is J? +1. According to the question, the line 3x + 4y +5 = 0 touch the circle (vi). Hence the length of perpendicular from centre (-g, 0) to the line is equal to the radius of the circle (vi). This implies, oA) =3¢+045 = Ve? +1 3? +4? or, [-3g+5|= 5 Jp? 41 squaring both sides. or, 3g +5)? =25(¢2 + 1) or 16g? + 30 g=0 Afier solving the above equation, we get g=0 and 15/8 Hence, the equations of circles are x2 + Y-1=0 15 and x? + y? 15 ,_y 29, 4 Example 2: Show tha the common tangents othe cicteg 8 yx =O and x? + 9? 4 2x A forman equity triangle. Solution: The given circles are x+y? —6r=0 this implies, (x ~ 3)? + (v0)? =9 a and +P +2e=0 this implies, (w+ 1)?-+ (0)? = 1 a ‘The centre and radius of circle (/) are C,(3, 0) and respectively. The centre and radius of circle (i) are CCI, 0) and r, = 1 respectively. Now, (1-3 +0 ac; and Hence, the two circles touch each other extemally, therefore, there will be three tangents at the point of contact is, ~5,=0. This implies, (x2 +? —6x)—(2 +52 +2x)=0 or, -& =0 or, x=0 Suppose, the coordinate of @ is (A, K) then or oc Hence, and Therefore, the coordinate of Q is (-3, 0). The equation of the line passing through @ is Y=0=m(x +3) Y= mx + 3m mx—y+3m=0 this implies, this implies,or NATE GEOMETRY C exesm isthe lope of dest angen, Hence, the length of perpeng prothe eauation Gi) = radius of CSU from cenee of | . na implies. maton 2 . m+ nis implies, ame m4 of 3m? =| of m=4 B Now, from equatior i ents are ‘quation (iii) 1on tan, gents ar qQ) Let P, O, R be the point of intersection of lines (1) Q) @) (2); @), ) and (1), (3) respectively, then P= (0,3); = (3,0) and R= (0,3) Hence, PQ= (3-07 +0-V3¥ =2N3 on= (O43? + 3-07 =N3 pe= foro B38 since, PO=OR=RP= 3 Therefore, A POR is an equilateral triangle thus common tangents form an equilateral triangle. points (1,0). 2-7) 0 Example 3: Show that the four and (9, -6) are coneyelic. i ints are © Solution: The given four points to shew that they lie on the circle. SUPI of circle is roncyelic, so we have pose, the equation 829 TP \ CBN) \e DOT x + P+ Dye + fy + € LO ‘Suppose, the three points A(1, 0). B(2, -7) and C (8, 1) lie on the circle (#) then. 1+0+2g+0+C=0 p+2g+C=0 2+ (IP + 2g2) + PED +C=9 s3+4g-14f+C=0 82+ 12 + 29(8) + 2F(I) + or 65 + 16g + 2f+ C= Now, subtract equation (if) from equation (iif). we obtain or (ii) or and 52+2g-14f=0 or 26+ g-Tf=0 4) and, subtract equation (ii) from equation (iv), we obtain 12+ 12g+ 16f=0 or 343¢+4f- to) ‘After solving equation (v) and (vi), we obtain g=—Sandf=3 ‘Now, from equation (ii), we get 1-10+C=0 or, c=9. Hence, the equation of circle passing through the three points is +p? 10x +6 +9=0 ‘Now, put the fourth point in the equation of this circle, we get (oy + OF - 10(9) + 6(-6) +9 =0 Hence, the points D(9, ~6) lies on the circle and the four points are coneyclic. 43, Prove thatthe radi of the circles x7 +? ye 6 and x+y? — Ax ~ 12y = 9 are in arithmetic progression. 4 The angle between a par of tangents from a point P10 the circle x +7 + 4x—6y+ 9sint a+ 13 cos? a= 0 is 3a. Find the equation ofthe locus of the points ery 4) LE) Clee ee830 'S. Show that the area of the triangle formed by tangents From the point (4, 3)t0 the cele x° +»? = 9 and the Hine ' segment joining their points of contact is 7-55 square tunts in length, va circle which passes through the 16. Find the equation of a circle which passes through Onan whose cnt isthe into te point of ‘ofthe lines 3x + §y"~ Land (2+ Cr+ SC? y a 7. Find the radius of smaller circle which touches the straight line 3x — y= 6 at (1, ~3) and also touches the line y= PARABOLA Definition of Conic Section The locus of a point which moves in a plane in such a way that the ratio of its distance from a fixed point and a fixed line is a constant. It is called a conic section or a conic. Here, the fixed point is denoting the focus and the fixed line is denoting the directrix of the conic section and the constant ratio is denoting the eccentricity of the conic section. Remarks: (1) Ife < 1, then the conic section is an ellipse. (2) Ife> 1, then the conic section is a hyperbola Definition of Parabola The locus ofa point which moves in a plane in such a way that its distance from a fixed point is equal to its distance from a fixed straight line is called parabola. The fixed point is called the focus of the parabola and the fixed straight line is called the directrix of the Parabola. The line perpendicular from the focus to the Airectrix is called the axis of the parabola, A The point of intersection of the called the vertex of the parabola, Standard Equations of a Parabola |. Right Handed Parabola: Let s a parabol: ‘cus is F(a, 0) and the directrix is DD Suppose Obetne ale Parabola with its Matemarics the equation ofthe image of the circle x? + 2+ 16, ‘day + 183 = O by the line mirror 4x + 7y + 13 =o, the area ofthe triangle formed by the tangents drawn from. the points (4, 6) to the circle Psy? = 25 and their chord of contact. Also find the length of chord of contact. - ind the equation ofthe circle passing through the pong (1. I) and centre atthe intersection of the lines x — y= dand 2439-7 , 11, Findthe equation ofthe circle circumscribing the tangle formed bythe lines:x += 6,2 += dandx +293, without finding the vertices of the triangle. 10. The line segment passing through the focus and perpendicular tothe directrix is called the axis ofthe conic. The points at which the conic and the axis intersect each other are called the vertices of the conic. The point which bisects every chord of the conic passing through it, is called the centre of the conic. The chord passing through the focus and perpendicular to the axis is called the latus rectum of a conic. G) Ife=1, then the conic section is a parabola, (4) Ife~0, then the conic section is a circle. middle point as origin and of as the X-axis and OY as the Faxis. ne Py vt wh, oe Axis 4 Lad a ae that NOM fom the definition of parabola, we know - PF =p, This implies, PF? = PM According to the distance formula, a f e+ O- oF =@-aP +e ae ae length of perpendicular from the point P oi)This implies, 6 Hence, y? = 4ax is th ae find the length of latus ects Equation. Ni the ea of parabola pe age arabola, let ie i “aD See : ordinates of 2 and sider FL=| ie ee aen oon aan the point Les nine 2 at parabola. + D will satisfy the equation of te This implies, ° This implies, +a? (gp P=4axg Hence, | LL’ | = 2) = ee eae length of latus rectum is 4a, The equation ero, the length of ats equation of the latus 2, Left Handed Parabol a: TI " Handed Parabola is »? = — eee ayy es ay 4D Pay) | AN 4M x a a - Fea) fo x ty yD (i) The focus of this parabola is F(-4, 0) and the vertex is 0(0, 0). i .) The equation of the directrix is x- 2 =0- The axis is y=9- and 3. 831 (i i) The equation of the directrix is ¥ + Gil) The axis is x= 0 (v) ) uo equation of the latus rectum is y= a and ‘ length of latus rectum is 4a. (v) Itis symmetric about Y-axis. 4. Dov Downward Parabots: The equation of Downward arabola is x2 = — day, a> 0. "* yearo | > D «91 a x F (0,2) \ ry (i). The focus of this parabola is F(O, ~a) and the vertex is 0(0, 0). ii) The equation of the directrix is ¥—a=0- (iii) The Axis is x= 0. (iv) The equation ofthe latus rectum is y—— 4 and the length of latus rectum is 4a. (v)_Itis symmetric about Y-axis. Terms Related to Parabola 1. Axis: The line perpendicular from the focus to the directrix is called axis of the parabola. 2, Vertex: The point of intersection of the parabola ‘vith its axis is called the vertex of the parabola. 3, Latus Reefum: The line LFL’ which passes through the focus of the parabola is called the qatus rectum. The coordinates of the latus rectum are L(a, 24) and L’ (a, ~ 2). 4, Chord: A chord of a parabola isthe line segment joining any two points on the parabola. 5, Foeal Chord: A chord of a parabola passing through the focus is called a focal chord, 6. Focal Distance: The distance of any point of a a parabola from its focus is called the focal distance: example 4: 00! is a double ordinate of a parabola py = da. Find te locus ofits point of trisection.Solution: Suppose, 0’ be the double ordinate meet the major axis of the parabola y= dar @ at N. Suppose, co-ordinate of Q be (x,, y,) and the coordinate of Q be (x,,—y,). Since, Q and Q lies on the parabola (i) then it will satisfy the equation (i). a, eoii) Suppose R and T’be the points of trisection of QQ’, then the co-ordinate of 1+2 241 Let RQ, &) is the locus, then x, = 2 and eT} (s oy eet |e (,, Now substitute the values of x, and y, in equation on (ii), we get (Gk? = 4a() or 98 = 4ah Hence, the required locus is 99? = dax, Similarly, let 70, ¥), then or y,=-3k Now, substitute the value of x, and y, in equation (ii), we get” (3K) = 4a’) 9K = 4aX! Hence, the required locus is oy = dax ‘Therefore, the locus of point of trisection is 9y? = dar. Example 8: Find the equation of the parabola with latus rectum joining the points (3, 6) and (3, ~ 2). Solution: The slope of the line joining points (3, 6) and 3,2) is or 3 Since latus rectum is perpendicular to the major axis, hence major axis parallel to X-axis. Supposes, the centre of the parabola be (A, 4). Ys The equation of the two possible parabolas will be of the form (- bP = + 4a@e—d) =) Hence, the latus rectum = VG-3)? +6 +2)" this implies, 4a=8 or a=2 Now, from equation (i), we get P= 486-2) Thetefore, the points (3, 6) and (3, -2) lie on the parabola then (6-kP=+83-2) © 2-bP = 483-2) After solving (ii) and (iii), we obtain k=2 and after putting the value of & in equation (i), we get - ii) wellii) IIODOF Brasor a=5,] __2a Hence, the values of ( BI tne required parabolas are”) °(5,2) and 2.80 “ _2p = 2 v y $= 5) and (y—292= aye or, a= Seinen length of a focal chord of +t) Tsely as the. , rd of a t the vertex, Square of its distance from Let, the second end of the focal chord t Solution: Suppose, the one end of af a ~2a parabola y? = 4ax be Plat, 2at) nates oo of the of 7 . Let the length of focal chord parabola be S(a, 0). us of the Hence the equation of line PS is, Therefore, 2at-0 -0= Ss y aaa lar? +a], lat? +a] i Peo ro axa or, =i Saco z ¥ + pas = o(# +442) u|_—____| 7 | 7 4 a = o{reb x +X + 5.07 ; Ae eee Hence, from equation (i) and (ii), we get 2 pyy=2Ke-a) = or, (P= Dy = 20 os Wa 1 or, fy-y= 26 : ~ py -2at= 3 or, 2x -(F eae focal chord from the ~ ee Let d be the distane 2 = 4ax, then 1 vertex (0, 0) of y this implies, lar po that is, the length of focal chord varies inversely as the square of the distance from the vertex. : 15, Prove that the area of the triangle inscribed ‘in the arabola arabola)? = 4ax is sara eetun OO Segment of : j-tatus Teen i ee 6.) 1. Prove that the serie meat ow BOWE WO) = 4ax is the la. the dire’ Jere Vi» ¥3s.¥5 ae the ordinates of the vertices. a focal chord of suo where 102293 tices. focus, re 2. Find the verter IOS grt 127" of the parabo 2020.7 ge Z‘An arch is int The arch is 10. m high is it 2m from tl 5, Find the axis, tangent a and latus rectum of the = 12-5 6. A double ordin 8a, Prove that the lin the right angles. 1. Prove thatthe equation > + 2ax + 2by* parabola whose axis is parallel tothe as cof Fil < g, The. and y coordinates of any points P are express 2 16x re ris a parameter x= (E08 0), ELLIPS The locus of a point i such a way that the sum of its dist points in the plane is a constant is c The two fixed points are call ellipse. The distance between the two 2c. Terms Related to Ellipse: 1. Centre of the Ellipse: segment joining a the foci is called L Me the centre of the ellipse. In the given ‘ se ellipse, S’ and S are the foci of the ellipse and C is the centre of parabola. 2. Axes of the Ellipse: The line segment passing through the foci ofthe ellipse and ends atthe ellipse is called the major axis of the ellipse. The line segment passing through the centre of the ellipse and perpendicular to the major axis and ends at the ellipse is called the minor axis of the ellipse. In the given ellipse Ad’ is the major axis and BB’ is the minor axis of the ellipse. 3. Vertices of the Ellipse: The end points of the major axis of an ellipse are called the vertices of the ellipse. In the given ellipse, 4 and 4’ are the vertices of the ellipse. 4, Eccentricity of the Ellipse: The eccentricity of an ellipse is the ratio of the distance of any one focus from the centre and the distance of any one vertex from the centre. psinay— 5 gPs whe in a plane which moves in tances from two fixed alled an ellipse. led the foci of the foci is denoted by ‘The mid point of the line Now by definition, e= © a this implies, C= ae. _gare constants. Show that the lous of arabola. Find the coordinates oy" Pm eres ‘The tangents tothe parabola»? = 4ax at Pa», Mj2, Daf) intersect at R. Prove i Q(at}, 2a) ove that the ae ie triangle POR is 5% 1) Ifthe normal to @ parabole. »? = dax, makes an we thike axis, show that it will cu the curve pun ge? in ta, ot) 10. angle tan Hence, distance of each focus from the centre =C=ae. For an ellipse, we have O b>0. | 2 (4x) The length of latus rectum = ai () It is symmetric about both axes, (xi) The eccentricity of horizontal ellipse is b=ayi-e, 2. Vertical Ellipse: THe, i The vertices of a vertical eijip.— or (0) and 4(0, -a) ar (ii The centre is at origin, (i) The foci of vertical ellipse are (0, «a, : (0, ~). _. (9) The length of major axis is 2a. (vi) The length of minor axis is 26. (vii) The equation of major axis is x = 9 ayy te equation of minor axis is y = 0, (viii) The directrices are y = ~a/e and y = aie 2p? (G2) The length of latus rectum = =~ (2) Itis symmetric about both axes. (xi) The eccentricity of vertical ellipse is b=aji-e. Example 7: Findthe equation of the ellipse referred oi centre whose minor axis is equal to the distance between the foci and whose latus rectum is 10, Solution: Suppose that the equation of the ellipse is Let the foci are S(ae, 0) and S(-ae, 0), length of a 5 pe minor axis BB’ = 25 and length of latus rectum = 2 a Wis given that, Or, " it | b=ae eli) 'Salso given thas, the length of latus rectum = 10 this implies, 2B : a alo this implies Ras, i = Sa id Now, a5 we know that , P= 21 _ 22 Aili) POAor or or 1 2 Cs 1 e=-t Now, from a , . “quation (i), we get beax Ll aw 2 2 square both sides, pet 2 Now, from equation (ii), oe 10a = a? or a=10 Therefore, B=S*10=50 or b= 50 Now, by substituting the values of a and 6 in the equation of the ellipse, we get ~+e a1 100 * 50 or x2 +2 = 10 + Show that the product of the perpendiculars aera ie ellipse is equal to the i of any tangent to an from eT oi maar ‘axis, and the feet of these square of the is, am perpendiculars Tie on the auciliary circle. “ Solution: Suppose, the equation of ellipse 2 wi) a tangent in term of ‘slope (m) of ‘The equation of any a yomet em? +b? m= fame ii) y- 837 ‘Now, the equation of the line perpendicular to (if) and passing through S(ae, 0) is y-0=-4(x-ae) m °r my = ae) cs x+my=ae = iii) The lines (ii) and (iii) meet at the foot of Perpendicular. Now, squaring the equation (ii) and (ili) and add them (= mye 4 (e+ my = amt + BEE ae? or (Lem) ty)= ant +R +e w or (+m) 2+ y= am? +1) or 2eypew Hence, the above equation is an auxiliary circle of ellipse. Similarly, we can show that the other foot drawn from second focus also lies on x? + y? = a. Suppose, P, and P, be perpendiculars from foci S(ae, 0) and S’(—ae, 0) ‘on equation (ii) than (am? +b?) + mae A= (+m?) and Ae V(a?m? + 6?) - mae , +m?) Now, la?n? +6) + mae wee x +m?) y+ my 1+m? Lal? +b? ~ (a? — bm? Tem? = E+ my 1+m? =P b= Semi-minor axis. AZANIA? POM838 T= Owill cut the Example 9: Show that the line ke + my m © 22 +> = | inpoit ah by (2) if a2? + bem? = Br Solution: Suppose that the eccentric angles are a. and B, then it is given that. or is or, fom (S22) 2sn( 222) Since, a= 7 +B, then Fes (Z4p)+2si(*+a) * cos (=+p)42sin(2 4p) = a (+5)42 sn(E +8) v2 CHECK POINT EXERCISE - 17.3 {fa chord joining two points whose eccentric angles are 0, B cut the major axis of an ellipse at a distance d from the Centre, show that tan o/2 tan B/2=(d—a)/(d + a), where 2a is the length of major axis. on) If the angle between the straight lines joining foci and f wear a the ends of minor axis ofthe ellipse 75 + BF = His90°, a find its eccentricity, Find the lengths and equation of major and minor axes, Centre, eccentricity, foci, equation of directrices, vertex and length of latus rectum of the ellipse 16x? +2 = 16 A tod 4B of length 15 om rests in between two Coordinates axes in such a way thatthe end point lies on x-axis and end point B lies on y-axis, A point is taken on the rod in such a way that AP = 6 cm, Show that the locus of P is an ellipse, Also, find its 4 race course notes that the sum of the 'm the two flag posts from him is always 10 or and or, or, or, 10. Show that the The given line ket mytn=0 bet my ti re the equation (7) and (ii), we per n Now, compat Ba (x os mit la a = -— ‘Therefore, oos($ +2 ) m2 tty neal sn(E+8)= oli) Now, squaring equation (ii) and (iv) and add them, 252 bY Pa 2(z =e sn* (EB) + os (§+4) Be tae mor +a? _ | nee 262 + Pa? = 2n? Pa? + mb? = 2n? ‘metres and the distance between the flag posts is 8 metres, Fird the equation of the path traced by the man. 6. The eccentricity of an ellipse is 1/2 and the distance between its foci is 4 units. If the major and minor axes of the ellipse are respectively along the X and ¥ axes, find the equation of the ellipse. 7 The extremities of a line segment of length / move in (wo fixed perpendicular straight lines. Find the locus of that point which divides this line Segment in ratio | : 2. major axis at an angle tan-! 9. Find the locus of the Points 2 2 inse 2 Y : eee to ellipse @* ge =| which make an angle 8. locus of the middle points of chords of an smPse which pass through a fixed point, is another BO2119.97 29.44(CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY HYPERBOLA Definition: The | move insta way Pn lane yy from two fixed points in the pi ofits distance is fren =e 8 constant is called 0 fixed points hyperbola The dice its ae called the fg wna tween the two foci ig arses Terms Related to Hyperbola: 1. Centre of hyperbola: The mid : ‘a Tr Point of the line totale ne the foci is called the centre of the In the given hyperbola, Os the cei and S’ and S are the foci of the type 2. Axes of the hyperbola: The line segment passing through the foci of the hyperbola is calle transverse axis. ‘The line segment passing through the centre of the hyperbola and perpendicular to the transverse axis of the hyperbola is called its conjugate axis. In the given hyperbola, 4’A is the transverse axis of the hyperbola and BB’ is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola. 3. Vertices of the hyperbo the transverse axis of the hyp itself cuts each other are ca la. : ee hyperbola, 4’ and 4 ae the vertices of the hyperbola. 1a: The points at which erbola and hyperbola led vertices of the ae a hyperbola: The ratio always of 4, Eccentricity ty ofthe Herb constant, is called the eccentricit Here, ¢7 4 1 c this implies > 7 is implies e7 1 ‘he line segment 5. Tatu Fe ms oft cular to i ola is calle passing Gear vai transverse ax! f the hyperbola ean the latus rectum 0! Fre the two latus rectum. pp’ and equation of the hyperbola when the centre is at 0 839 A chord through the centre of the is called the diameter of the hyperbola. Focal chord: A chord of the hyperbola through its focus is called a focal chord. Directrices: LL’ and MM’ are the two directrices of the hyperbola and their equations are a a ; x= andx= -* respectively. e e Standard equation of the hyperbo! and the foci are S’(~c, 0) and S(c, 0) at X-axis. rs Let a and b are the lengths of the semi-transverse axis and semi-conjugate axis respectively. Suppose P(x, y) be any arbitrary point on the hyperbola. Hence by the definition of the hyperbola, we have or or or or or or or or or or PS’ — PS = Constant = 2a (xtcy ty? -\a-cP ty? =2a (xtc) +y? = 2atV(x-cP +y? ‘Now, squaring both sides (et cPtyP=da+(e—eP + y+ da (x—c)? + y? 4ex 4a? = 4a \|(x-c)* + y? ex-@ = ay(x—cy+y? Again, squaring both sides Ot et 2atox= aah + ct Dex + »?) x + at — 2aex = ax? + ae? —2@ecx + @-de-ategend > x pYae, 2 Boe! (because, B= 2 a) a 2921,19.07 2O144)jsfies the e Hence, every point on the hyperbola satisfies equation 2 ~3 = 1. Conversely, suppose PCs pybeany arbitrary point on the curve. Therefore, this implies, or pp Pe) 2 Let 5’, 0) and S(c, 0) be two fixed points on the X-axis. Hence, PS'= (rte) +y* Ss BQ? -a") = fate? +e @ [using equation (i)] = [er 2 = | 4a? +2cx a Similarly, PS= (2 - «) a this implies, PS’ PS Itshows that the given curve is hyperbola, Hence, the equation of the hyperbola is 2 Ler Iength of latus rect m of hyperbola. suppose thay 2 wo i rbola is > the given hyperbola is “> equation of " rr Suppose, LL’ is the latus rectum of the given 1 J: Hence, the hyperbola and let LL’ = J, then S’L er L z coordinate of the point L is (—c, > } and the point 1 wi satisfy the given equation because Z fies on the hyperbola, 2 ¢ Therefore, a or, or, a Hence, the length of latus rectum of the hyperbola we = Two standard forms of hyperbol 1. Horizontal hyperbola (© The standard equation of a horizontal hyperbola 2 eB GD The vertices of a horizontal hyperbola are 4’ __ a, 0) and A(a, 0), ep is centre is at origin O. ‘) The foci of horizontal seed aot hyperbola are 5“ (©) The length of transverse axis is 2a =la,b>0.(vi) The length of con i) The equati ate axis 7 Mjuation of cone Nee xs uation of conjugate anig gs 8) =O and the x=0. (viii) The directrices are x = x= 7 and x= als (éx) The length of latus rectum = 22 (@ Itis symmetric about both axes. (xi) The eccentricity of horizontal hyperbola is or, or, Hence, 2, Vertical hyperbola: (i) The standard equation of a vertical hyperbola b (ii) The vertices ofa vertical hyperbola are BOO, a) and B’(0, -@)- 841 (Git) The centre is at origin. (iv) The foci of vertical hyperbola are S(O, ¢) and S(O. -c). (v) The length of transverse axis = 24. (vi) The length of conjugate axis = 2b (vif) The equation of transverse axis is x= 0 and the equation of conjugate axis is y ji a (viti) The directrices are y = A and y= ~Z° 20 (ix) The length of latus rectum = “7 (a) It is symmetric about both axes: (ci) The eccentricity of vertical hyperbola is ¢ = z he? a Example 10: If two points P and Q on the hyperbola xy 7 = 1, whose centre is C, are such that CP is a perpendicular to CQ, a < b, then prove that ieee (cpr (cor a’ Solution: Suppose, PG, y) be an arbitrary point on the given hyperbola. Suppose, m be the slope of CP, then the equation of line CP is + Ail) IDA? PVAvey Example 11: Obtain the equ ae . "es as principal axé on tity e00rdinale rertices from the foci are 9 and | < dn or yut the Now, squaring equation () both side and pi value of x°, we get as a amb? 90 = adm Bam’ Now, add equation (iii) and (iv), we get ty 242 axa) (e -a’m’*) a°b*(1+m?) 2 = (cP (@—a'm?) this implies, ayaa iS ee 0) (CPP 6+ m?) The siope of the line CO or The equation of CO is -_ 1 Similarly, —1 Co? (oy e(1( bm? a? * eam) svi) Now, add equation (v) and (vi), we get 1 1 BP a'm? bm? —g? or toy = tg bint =a? (CPP COP © atm) asm _ P+) a°b*(14+ mm?) = dtmiyo? ~a2y a'b*(1+m?) i i i one Suppose the equation of the hyperbol xy ae! ao “9 Suppose the vertices A(a, 0) 204-414, foci are S(ae, 0) and S’(-ae, 0). Itis given that, S’A=9 and SA=1 this implies, a + ae =9 and ae—a=1 ae a(l+e)=9 (i) and ae-1)=1 i) Now, divide equation (ii) by (iii), we get alte) _9 or, or or, or or, or, or, Again, since 2 = g(¢2_ 1) or B= 16f 25) 16 =25-16=9 °r b=3 2 Hence, the equation of hyperbola is 2-2” = 7 ee 16 9 ‘xample 12: PQ is the chord joining the points 9, and; on the h xy wperbola aoe =1. If, ~4, = 20, where, ais conslant, prove that PQ fouches the hyperbola. x 2 Seas? gt bGEomeTRy - po! Now, the equation ofthe chord pg j a x cI Som sm(t28) 2 ~ con( 5%) 2 It is given that, 0-6, =20 xe a this implies, Scone} sin( $28) (248) a b cosa poe Cee ieee ROSS 2 a sin(? FO) inf 14M 2 2 Now, compare the above equation with the equation of the line with slope m, y=met Cc We have, bcos mea (Ute a sn 5") © CHECK POINT EXERCISE ~ 17.4 1. Find the equation and the length ofthe common tangents , oe 3 ze x rbola =z to hypero™ a? sry + n= oouenes te joht line bx * 2, Prove that the strait 2 y a yigne- Para ee ae gx? + 54x gy - 116=0 * re wey cand the coordina ofthe Ne tas recretrices oF HE pyperbol® of the direc a yat-i} jes on he 4. Prove that the point ate + iJ aX fl hyperbola for all values of f- iD) and for line y= : 7 ine y= mx + C to be a tangent on 2; cos 35 a ‘ we have e Now, and that is, LHS = RHS. ‘5. Find the equation of the locus of all points such that Tifference of their distances from (4, 0) and (-4, 0) is always equal to 2. 6. IfPis any point ona hyperbola and Nis the foot ofthe perpendicular fom P onthe transverse axis, then prove 2 that PNY (ANA) a? 17, ifSand'’ be the foci Cbe the centre and P be any point ‘ona rectangular hyperbola having lengths of transverse and conjugate axes equal, show that SP S’P = CP*. Find the length of axes ofthe ellipse whose eccentricity is : and whose foci coincide with those of the hyperbola oxi — 16)? + 144 = 0. PROFIT BOA9 IESY and 5°” be drawn perpendicular from fangent to a hyperbola, prove that 1" and Y” lie on the Auxiliary circle and that product of these perpendiculars is constant SOLVED EXAMPLES Hxample 1: Find the equation of a circle which touches the X-axis and the line 4% — 39 + 4 =0. Its centre lies in the third quadrant and lies on the linex—y-1=0. @ Bev ese syetng eo xe Pez dyglag © Pease byel =0 @ Beasts med) yt oreryyl 29 wept ts Solution: (c) Suppose the centre of the circle be (A, -B). Since the cirele touches the X-axis, therefore radius = k. v4 rn Now, the equation of the circle is @t+hP+O+H2=R wi) Since, the centre also lies on the x —y— 1 = that’s why A+k-1=0 wii) The circle also touches the line 4x ~ 3y +4 = 0,50 the length of perpendicular from centre (-h, -) is equal to the radius of circle. this implies, 4A+3k+4] _ N6+9 or, —4h+ 3k+4=4 55 or, —4h—-2k+ and 4h + 8k+4=0 or, —2h-k+2 and—h+2k+1=9 Now, from equation (ii), we have k=h+] ne the points on the circle x? + y? = ai, agp 1 awn to the hyperbola = 2 = a; prove that oo ty ofthe middle points of the chords of contact ig thet (2-2)? = a4? + y) ad ee me aA =Oand—h he, 1 this implies, h = 5 and h=—3 since, h, k> 0 therefore, a belts Hence, the required equation of the circle ig 1y 4 _ 16 PG 1 or SateZeebyet 0 Hence, option (c) is correct. Example 2: Find the middle point of the chord intercepted on the line Ix + my + 0 = 0 by the enn ety __al __am Ogzamis Pim al nm o (ete a? | nl nm of Fen? Fev? | @ (ee me) Pam’ Pant Solution: (a) Suppose the middle point of the chord intercepted Plt 2 197 =@ be (e.9) onthe ine fy ~0. The equation of the chord whose point is (x,, y,) is Mt Pade Bg . atm =a+ 4 0 Since, the equation lx + my +n=0 and equation () Tepresent the same line. or Hence, are ii) ZID.A7 24 2°:Co-onpinaTe GEOMETRY Now, from (ii), we get PZ + mA? = —nd a or 5 Pam Now, put the value of 4 in equation (ii), we get __al Pam x= nm | Pam Hence, the required middle point is peed! nm +m) P+m Hence, option (a) is correct Example 3: Find the equation of th Reuse ee ee ve common tangents t0 (a) bIBx + aly + ab = 0 @) al3x + biBy + ab =0 (0) bI3x — aly + 623 = 0 (d) al3x— bly + ab? = 0 Solution: (6) ‘Suppose the slope of any tangent is m. The equation of any tangent to the parabola y= 4ax is yen a = mxt+— y ” oO If the line is also tangent to the parabola x? = 4ay then the equation (i) meets in two coincident points. ‘Now, put the value of y in x* = 4by, we get ve Ao{ me ‘ +) m 4ab or, Abmx-—— = 0 ‘According to quadratic equation, b= 4ac ee this implies, (Abme = 4a or, 16b2m? + 16ab = 0, #9 or, or, Now, put the value of m7 in equation (O, we get the required equation. Hence, option (b) is Find the equations, owing both 2 +7 = 22. ond ame (x+y +2a-0 0) z-ytder (xsys2a=0 @ xnyt dam Solution: (4) he curves are: The cures ae, ag a ae ‘The parabola y° = 8ax is y= 4Qa)°* “The equation of the tangent of = mex 2 ae m Example 4: and )) is, mx — my +2a=0 : ‘The equation (ii) is also tangent of equation (i), hence the length of perpendicular from centre (0, 0) of is equal to the radius of (i), that is aV2. or, 0-0+2a_|_ gaz Ven + my? or, os m+ mP-2=0 or, (m? +2) (m?—1) = 0} or, m+2#0 x — it gives imaginary values or, m=+1 Hence, from equation (iii), we get, xtyt+2a=0 which is the required equation o! e f the tan; Hence, option (4) is correct. an Example 5: For what val i iiicies he alienate reoiraa eee @h=«5 WAa=+s (@A=-5 (d) none VID.O7 RA)846 z Solution: (a) The equation of the given ellipse 9x2+ 16y?= 144 or, * d Now, comparing the equation with the standar ‘equations of the ellipse, 2 yp ey Se er Hence, we get, @=16 and PHO Again, compare the line y= x + A with the equation y= me+C, we get m=1 and C=A If the line » = mx + C touches the ellipse then C= am +b ‘Now, put the value of C, m, a? and 67, = 16x 1749 or, = 16+9=25 or, £5 Hence, option (a) is correct. Example 6: Find the locus of the mid-points of the chords 2 ofthe hyperbola * — F = which subtend a right angle at the origin 2 @ (3) a BP Sy @ (=-3] Solution: (d_) Suppose (A, ) be the mid-point -point of th of the hyperbola. Then, the equation is “oot ae or, uation of the lines 8 The emection of the hyperbola and the chord points of int A Dis, dx _ ky paavel ae or, Ro hk ae iy The equation (if) will be at right angle whey coefficient of x? + coefficient of y= 0 1/22) Be) eo Hence, option (d) is correct. Example 7: Find the condition for the lines Ax? + 2Hxy + By? = 0 to be conjugate diameters of zy gp! (@) B= ?4 () A = b°B (©)-@B=b4 d)-a@A=bB Solution: (b) Suppose the lines represented by Ax2+ 2H» + BY =0 are y= mex and y= m, x. Then, mm, = 4 a) Since, y = mx and y = m, x are the conjugate . 2 2 diameters of = 1 then (ii) mm, = = a’ Hence, from equation (i and (i) Ale or, y @ PA=bB Therefore, 24 = 528 is the required condition. Hence, option (b) is correct, ao“vaxis, find its equation in the ae +y +1001 + 2m igen : 2 +Y 1001 + 2m)x— 105 4 ogee © 100+ 25 =0 (x+y¥-100 +2m)x-10y 41 + 100 + 25 = (Qx?-y-1001 + 2px 0, ¢ 100m? Solution: (6) Suppose, Cbe the position and D be th position the centre is (5, 5) and radius ics unit between the initial position and the ts. The length new position Now, the tre ece ne s the centre D be (5 + si and the vadiu is 3 nits, therefore he egaien he (@—5— lone + y-5P= 52 x2 + — 10(1 + 2n)x - 10y + 100n? + 100n + 25 Hence, option (b) is correct. or Example 9: Find the area of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle x2 + y? + 2gx + 2fy + C=0. v3 (a) 7 (g? + f —C) Square units. ® a8 (+f? + ©) Square units. EXERCISE LEVEL -! 1 The tangents drawn from (1 tothe circles? += ill cut each other at right angle if : (@xity=e win teyt= rayeeae tM circle («— AY + - ee (a) n+ mk+ mer ) am (b) (th + mk + me=r © (lh @ (ht mk m= gene rtm? 23 © we (g? + f2—C) Square units @ a (g? +f? ©) Square units. Solution: (d) The given circle is +P 4 ge + fy + C= 0. eli) ____ Suppose, O be the centre and ABC is an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle given. Hence, O=(-g,-f) and oa-oB=oc=Ve+h?-C ‘Now, In A OBM, «cq - BM. sin 60= 5 this implies, BM = OB 4 Hence, BC = BM+ MC = BM+ BM 3B ~ 2BM = 2X0Bx=> = (0B) 3 Bi ‘Therefore, area of A ABC = 3 (ecy B this implies, Area = 4 (0B) -3 = 33 eth 0). Hence, option (d) is correct. 3, The length of tangent drawn from the point (1, 4) to the circle x? + y?— 2x + By = 23 is: @a (6) 24 (© 43 @ N2 4. How many independent geometrical conditions are required for determining a circle? (a) Two (6) three (c) At least three (@ None of these 2AFI119.©The normal 10 the cite the point (5.8): @ fie ¢ (x01) 4) 420 (oxy, 4 9) = CORY , 6 Coniderecinten?«)2=7, Ite tinea +7 *C fy 8M isa normal tothe circle, ther: @c=0 (VC (=r wc a 7. Theiler 6x + 2y+2=Oand 22+ )?—4y +2=0: (a) Touch intemally (6) Touch externally (6) Do not touch (a) Concentric 8. The equation of the circle passes through Ce 4) and concentric with the circle x? + y?- 8x 12y + (a). +9? + Bx 12y- (8)x8 +32 By ay + (x2 +32 12-8) +51 (A) None of these 9. The equation of the circle which cut circles x? + y* — 2x 2 3v 470,42 ty? + Sx—Sy+9=0 and x? +y? + Tx 9y + 29 = 0 orthogonally is: (@) 38? + 3)? — 76r - 68y 47 (6) 3x2 + 3)? ~ 68x — 76 +47=0 (©) 3x + 3)? — 34x 76y—47=0 (d None of the above 10. The point (2, 1) is a limiting point of a coaxial system of which x? + y? — Sx — 3y -3 = 0 is member, then the equation of the radical axis is: (@) 2x+y+4=0 (6) +y+8=0 ()xty+8 (3x4 2y=4 11. The angle between the tangents drawn from the point (~ 1, 7) to the circle x? + y? = 25 js: (a) m2 (xB (©) nis @ tan" V2 12. The point (1, 2)is a limiting point ofa coaxial system of circles of which x? + y?=9 is a member. The coordinates of the other limiting point are: (a) (7/5, 14/5) (8) (3, 13/5) (c) (7/5, 9/5) (d) (9/5, 18/5) 13. Ifthe normals at the point (ar, 2a) meet the Parabola again is (at?, 2ar,), then: 4 +14--2 ? (h(t~1,)1, =1 (4, =-1 14, TieParaboa yb)? = 4 (*—h), where p> 0, opens to 1S. How many normals can be dra ; given parabola? drawn from any point to the (a) Two (c) Three which the line ie parabola y? “the ee aay © (am, 2am) (2 x) @ (32) (| om nm Es ‘Te equation af the focal cHOr8 throUEh he 17 pe abla? = Aa is: Ce (ay ay =~ DE=A) (2 Dy = Beg (2 Ny =2x— a) (a) None of these (ox igth of the semi-conjugate Fame thediana, s Mabe ellipse 9x? + 4y? = 36 is @ 5 () V6 ( w3 (& None of these 2 2 ae (alk ale 19. The chord of the ellipse (5}-(2) = 1 i bisected at (2, -1) is: (@) 8x —9y= 25 (6) 8-99 +25 <9 (0) 9x~8y=5 (A) 8 +9y=25 20, If Sand be the foc ofthe ellipse 322+ 4)2~ 17—44, be any point on the ellipse , then the perimeter of PSS’ is— angle (a4 (b)6 (10 ©8 Ifthe length of the latus-rectum of an ellipse is onething 2 of its minor axis, then the eccentricity ofthe ellipse @28 (® VBR (© W2B (@ VB 22. The distance between the foci of a hyperbola is 16 and its eccentricity is 2 . An equation for the hyperbola is: (a) xP -y? = 32 ()P-y~=16 Oy-x2=8 @) y—2 = 64 25. The eccentricity ofthe hyperbola when the angle between the asymptotes is 60° is: @2 ® 2 3 © V3-1 @ B 2 74. The equation of directrices of the rectangular hyperbola = Cis @x4y= Cz (O)x4y=4 CVD 0s a c x+y=+eV2 In how many point bola is cutby any circle) POS the rectangular hyperbo (@) At least two points (4) At most two points (c) At most four points (@ Five points 2021.19.97 29:45‘The correct answer ‘ (a) Only (1) ) On ly (3 (c) Both (1) and (3) (gy, Bot yang 17, The coordinates of foci of tne ie eee ectangular hyperbola (a) (0,#C) 8. (2) (£CV2,£CN2) (4) None of these The circles whose equatior 2 and x? + + 2ur d= 0 are ontoperar ee * - (@i+H=0 ()C+d=0 | ()2M=C+d @R~C=y2_g 28. Theequation of the chord ofthe circle +? = 2 whose 3 32, 38. The locus of a point which mo" 34. The equation of ci mid-point is (h, k) is given by: @kethy-R+R (by het hy= 4p @ Fee eR yy omap OT k + i The locus of the middle points of chords of the hyperbola 27= C? which passes through a fixed point (2h, 24) is: (a) hx + hy=xty (c) kx + hy = xy (d) None of these The circle circumscribing the triangle formed by the tangent to a parabola passes through: (a) Origin (6) Vertex. (c) Focus (d) Focus and Vertex The radical axis of the circles x? + y? = 2x and 2x° + 2y° -3y= Sis: (a) 4x + 3y +5 =0 () 4x-3y + 5=0 (c) x2 +? + 2x-3y-5=0 -dx + 3y+5=0 io 8 angle C of the triangle ABC an are coordinates of 4 and Bbe (-3. #Vand Gs Te! (2) he + hy = ay (c)x2 +92 = 25 ‘= aand 3 whose side are x= 0,)°= 4 4n0 3 (a) dey? Loar A 3 ().x2+y2-3ar—4aytF~? oy (e) 16x + 16y? + 24a — 82 (d) None of these moves such that ts perpen from the fixed point is equal 10 from the eed straight Tine is called # (a) Circle (c) Ellipse 37. 38. 39, 40. a 2. 849 chord of the circle x2 + y7 = 10x, then this Chord is the diameter of the circle. (oat + 4 e4 4y=0 (6) ty? 2x 4¥ =O (herp 3a—69=0 ‘The equation of tangents to the circle x? + > are inclined to the x-axis at an angle 60° are: ixt2 () By =x43 (d) None of these ABCD is a square whose side is a. If AB and AD be the coordinate axes then the equation of circumeircle is: (e+e +a(r+y)=0 (2+ =ae+y) (8 +)?-ax-ay+a=0 (@) None of these The focus of a parabolic reflector is 4 cm apart from its vertex. Ifthe reflector is 20 em deep, then its diameter is: (a) 8V3cm (6) 16V5 em (©) 16V3 em (@ 8VI5 em If the normal at the end of a latus-rectum of the ellipse 2 a) le ‘minor axis, then the eccentricity ofthe ellipse is given by: wot 23 (Deve=1 which @ | passes through one extremity of the (ere+i=0 If P(x,,,) and D(x,, ¥2) are the extremities of the semi- conjugate diameters CP and CD of the ellipse (@ 2242-1 a a (Sy (apr tay=4l Ad) xyy—xy, = 4 ab 1f4, and 6, be the eccentric angies of the extremities of a pair of conjugate radii of an ellipse ey ard = 1, then >, and @, differ by: a (a) An acute angle (0) A right angle (b) An obtuse angle (@ Cannot be determined 5. The equation of the normal at (a cos ¢, b sin 6) to the 2) (3 ame(2} (2) (a) ax c0s 6+ by sin 9 = a? +B (b) ax cos @ ~ by sin 9 = a? ~ (c) ar sec @~ by cosee @ = a? — B2 (d) ax sec ¢ + by cosec = a? + 6? 2921.10.07the paraltel chords oF 44, The locus of the middle po (oan ce eats tof Pof the parabola 48. tthe tangent and normal at any poi meet the anit i T and GF respectively &M ts centre Answers Level-1 1.0) (a) 30) 4) SO 1G@) 113.6) 1) AS) 2106) 22a) B.C) 2H) SLC) 3a) 32.(6) 3) Sd) 38) 41(@)42.(6) 3) 44, (a2) 45.0) S1.(4) 52(0) $3.6) SHC) SD 61.(5) —62.(6) ——63.(6)—64.() 65. (6) Nd -72.(d) 73.) TA(c) 75. (0) ‘81. (6) MND EXERCISE LEVEL - 11 1. If polar of (h, k) w.r. to circle x? + y? = a? touch the circle (x—a)? + y= a”, then the locus of (h, &) is: (@) P+ 2ax = 4a? (6) 7 + ax = 2a? (Oy =2ar+ 4a (dy? + 2ar= a? 2. The length of chord on the line y= 2x +1 by the circle x? +P =9is: (2) 4/75 () 2195 (©) 3974 (d) None of these 3. The tangent tothe circle x?+y—8x— 10y~8=0 parallel to the line 5x — 12y=2 (@ Sx~12y+ 13120 (6) Sx~12y+121=0 (©) 5x +12y-131=0 (a) 5x~ 12y-121=0 4. Iftwo circles x? + y2 + ke + 8y+2=0 and? +y2 + 4+ fy + 4= 0 cut orthogonally, then the value of & will be: (@1 (2 ()3 4 5. The pole of the straight line 2x + y+ 12 =0 wi to the circle x? + y? sh +3y- ois the Pac (a) (1, 2) (5) (2,1) © (1,-2) (4 (-1,-2) 6. The condition for thetwo circles 2+ 2424 x4 =o 2+ + 2b x+ B= 010 touch cach‘other externally is @) +p aK? (0) RUA} ~ AB) = RAB Maran, is of the parabola, then- be the foeu (8) TG = 2SG ~2sp (a) Ee $5 (d) None of these 46. eer squares of conjugate diameters of aq lip 2 yt le Saget ar (oad + ia A Bt (d) None of these 0 8.(6) 964) 10,6 ee) * oy 18.) 19.0) m4, eC an@ BO) 0) 3) 36.0) 37. (a) 38-0) 39.0) 40. (a) 1) 47) 4B) 9-00) 50.00 $6(c) 57 (ec) S8() $9.6) 60.(6) 66.(6) 67.(d) 8.) 69.(6) 0.4) 76 (0) Tho) TEL.) 8.6) The circle x? + y? + 2g,x + fy + C, = 0 will bisect the circumference of the circle x? + y? + 2g,x +2fy +C,=0if: (@) 28\(8\- 82) + AGH) =C,-C, () 28\(81- &) + 2G, A) = C.-C, ©) 28,8 — &2) + FR, -f) = C,- Cy O 28x(81— 8) * 2h G.-f)= C,-C, The coordinates of the limiting points of the co-axial sytem to which the circles x2 + y? + 4x + 2y +5 =0 and? ++ 2x+4y+7=04 (6) (2, -1) and (0, -3) (c) Cl, -2) and (0, -3) @ (1, -2) and (3, 0) ‘he locus of the middle points of a system of paral! chon of slope m, of the circle 2 +)? + 2x + 2f+ C =0is: (@) &+8)+ my +f) = O(b)(y +4) + m(x+g)=0 (+L) + my + 8) = 0(d) None of these The equation of the tangent to the circle x? +)” which forms a triangle with axes of area a? is: @rty=a (y= 2x+aV2 Oy=xta (d) x+y=4av2 2OeT(Co-oRDINATE Geometry. 11. leter of the tes Of the oth, are (2, 3 @(-2,-3) ler a are: ), then the (5, 8) : # 8) 12. Choose the correct, S) 2r+e=0 ‘odes for the circle ay? 1. The intercept made on the * 2. The circle Will touct i th the x-axis, if g? = ge a “ ae ‘never meet the axis, a poi Sredanpee oo ‘axis at two points ON Opposite The correct answer is: ® ony oO and (2) (6) Only (1), (2) and (4) nly (2), (3) and (4) (a) AIL(1), (2), (3) and (4) axis is circles x2 +24 4x 4.7= +2924 34+ 5y+9=0andae sy? yon Oe (@ (1,~2) 1, -2) OB) @(2,-1) 14. The extremities of a focal chord of the parabola y? = 4ax are ‘t,’ and ‘1,”. Then 1,1, is equal to: @-l @1 (c)2 (@) zero) "15. The chord of contact of tangents drawn from any point on the circle x?-+ y= ato the circle x? +)? = B? touches the circle x? +)? = C¥, then a, b,c, are (@) AP. (b) GP. (©) HP. (d) None of these 16. The equations of the circles which touches the x-axis at a distance of 4 unit from origin and cut the intercept on y-axis of 6 unit is: (a) x2 +9? # 8x + 10y+ 16=0 (b) x2 +? + Bx— 10y+ 16=0 (32+ yf 8x4 10741670 — 8x4 10y+ 16= 17. 2 2 pot eat at any point (x,,y,) of the parabola Ene =1 is given by: a, [eas [~ =1 (© E & @ Ek ar em 1 (@ None of these . sbola, the locus of 18, If PQ bea double ordinate of the paral its point of trisection @yre (0) 97 = 4 "(Bor =a (a) None of these 19, 20. a 2, 23. 24, 25. 26. 851 ‘The locus of the point of intersection of two normals of the parabola y? = dax which are at right angle to one another is (a) ¥ = ax — 2a) () 2 = (x + 2a) (c) = alx~3a) (d) y= alx * 3a) ‘The equation of the hyperbola passing through (4, 6) and whose asymptotes are y= x-J3 is: (a3 =8 (b) 322-29? = 6 (©) 3x2 = 12 (x-3r =6 The orthocentre of any triangle formed by three tangents to a parabola lies on the: (a) x-axis (6) Latus-rectum (c) Directrix (d) y-axis . “The eccentricity of hyperbola can never be equal to: a o V3 ND 3. fe a 9 The correct answer is: (a) Only (2) (6) Only (2) and (3) (©) Only 3) (@ Only (1), 2) and G) ‘The line joining the extremities of any two perpendicular #),(¥ . diameters of an elipse {=> || 7] = 1 will always touch a fixed circle: io @ety- ee a CP +e= $7 @None ofthese The rectangle contained by intercepts made by any tangent to a hyperbola xy = C? on its asymptotes is: @e (b) 2c? (©) 42 (@) 8-2 ‘The equation of the tangent to the parabola y? = 4x which is perpendicular to the line x + 2y~3 = 0 is: (@) 4y=28+1 (y= 244 (2y= 441 (@ None of these Consider the following statements Assertion-(A) The lines from the vertex to the two extremities of a double ordinate of the parabola »? = 4ax are at an angle of > Reason (R}-The product of ordinates is equal to —1. The correct answer is: (a) Both and R are true and Ris the correct explanation of A. (6) Both 4 and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of 4. (0) Ais true but Ris false (d Both A and R are false 119.907 2048“"* & tangent to the parat With the straight line is (@) wry tag (x4 2p (Wwe ys1a (dl) None of these 28 The length of intercept cut oft fre the line y by the parabola 5? ~ diay is 1-0 me 6 4 (2) So Vata + meds my (0) Vata + me)iba my Vata ~ me) (+m) @s ~ Vala ~me)— my 29. The area of the triangle form Parabola > red by the normals to the © Aa atthe point 11°", 1, is given bys EN 15) (y~4) a O FG -Hy-n Vy ~W Gy + hts +144) (@ None of these ‘The equation of the asymptotes of the hyperbola xy — 3x ~2y=0 is given by: (a) (x2) 3)=9 (rot ) (et) 7 1 a! @ (2) 1 Hyperbola x? — y? = 2 and ay = |. (2) Does not intersect (>) Intersect orthogonally (c) Imersect but Not perpendicular ( None of these 3s. 36. 37. 38. 39, 40, 41, 42, HE le formed by three ra mai a FS by the tangents at these points? forme (a) Two (b) Three (rom (a Five re locus of the poles of the tangents to the ae with respect to the circle x? + 27°, Pabo a (a)? +? — ax —3ay (h)x2 +9? Bax~ay~0 24 =0 (c)2 +P —ax— ay (Dt y+ ay ax Jays P=0 MfSand 5 be the foci ofthe ellipse 32° + 42 — 5 — be any point on the ellipse, then the perimers; of the triangle PSS’ is: @4 (56 os (y10 The chord of a hyperbola, which touch the Conjuzate hyperbola are bisected at: (a) Focus 1 6» 3B (@ a (b) 2 2 (c) (d) None of these OF ‘The locus of the point of intersection of perpendicular : tangents tothe ellipse 2 fp | iSacircle with centre @ #10, 0) then the radius ofthe circle would be: (a+b the latus-rectum is 10. The equation of the ellipse in the standard form is: (@) 22 +2 = 299 (6) 2 + 2° = 200 (6) 2? + = 100 a 2. The tangents at the extremities of a diameter are Parallel to the ‘Conjugate diameter ROZIOV.I? 2UNASEqui-conjugate diameters conjugate diameter be not necessarily 4, The eccentric angle of an extremity of equi-conjuagte diameters is = 4 ‘The correct answer i (a) (1) and (2) o, (3) and (4) (os kept (@) AN), aia ‘and (4) Assertion (A): The equation of the di it eres ion of the director circle to the R ety=13 Reason (R): The locus of the point of inter ¢ int of inter-section of perpendicular tangents to an ellipse is called the director circle. ‘The correct answer is (a) Both A and X are true but R is not the correct explanation of 4. o Both ‘Aand Rare true and Ris the correct explanation of A (c) Ais true but Ris false (@ Ris true but A is false 44, The algebric sum of the ordinates ofthe feet of the th normals drawn from any point to the given parabola is: (a) Necessarily zero (6) Not necessarily zero (©) Any positive integer (4) Any integer 45. Ifthe tangent and normal toa rectangular hyperbola cut Off intercepts a, and c,,on one axis and by and 6, on the other axis, then (a) aya, = biP2 (©) 422 * Bib (B) aby * 2901-9 (AD ayb, = 1b 2 46. Polar of any point on ellipse (7 1 with respect payee e yy atthe point 1” is 47. "Dat + a? ey 46. etine mye nowenrne Ps Stn : ji in points whose eecentll? angles differ b ir w ) ant @ pes ane = 2? ‘4nheeooe* (E)(3) = tis a y Te [L(g +) wo fa-”) = 1 in the points (o 2a +h) rele cuts the rectangular nyperbolaxY (iypyphe = be 2a 3s 4 then (a) xyxpeata = IV wt % (eo) xi (d) None of these ‘51, The tangent at any point & 07 ich subtend 2 ircle i ints whicl ary circle in two points erie ets the auxili wa intre, then the eccentric! right angle at the ce ellipse is (a) (1 + sin? a)? (0) (1 + 0s? a)? 52. The minimum angle between & 2 diameters of an ellipse 5 (@ (1+ cos? oy"? pair of conjugate © a 53. Chord of the hyperbola x7 —y> @ touch the parabola 7 cher, then the locus of their middle points is the curve @ye-a=* (2 u-a=¥ xe-y=1 (d) None of these 54, The foci of the hyperbola xy = ie +b?) are given by (@x= walt = toa +5 2 ) 20211907 BSTHEMATIC, 2 2 x 8! bol: y 4 ~y) with respect 1. Variable chord of the hyperbola Fring he circlex? +y?=C?, mae locus of midare 55. If the polar of (xy. ¥;) and (2 es angles, then Agi Orn }-0 a (me }+[ $5 Jeo - 2 on m3 Nh i ‘The area of the parallelogram formed by the tangents at © ( ay 56. the end of conjugate diameters is equal to (a) 2ab (b) 4ab © hab (@ None of these 57. Two conjugate diameters of the hyperbola are such that (a) Both meet the curve in imaginary points (6) They meet at infinity (c) Both meet the curve in real points (d) One meets the curve in real points and the other in ‘imaginary points $8. The locus of the mid-point of all normal chords of the rectangular hyperbola xy @ @-y)+eryr=0 (O)2-y¥P +c =0 (0) 2 -y2P +4053 =0 @ 42 -Y) + AFP =0 ‘59. The product of perpendicular from the foci to any tangent ry to the hyperbola 2-2 = 1is (a) ab (6) Pb (a @er 60. The area of the rectangle contained by the intercepts made by any tangent to a hyperbola *—— 2” = 1 ig a (a) ab @a-w Oath (d) 4ab Answers Level-II L@ 2@ 30 46 s@ (4) 12a) 13. (a) 14.(0) 18.(¢) 2d) 22.(a) 23.) 24d) 28, (e) 31d) -32.(6) 33,(c) 34. (c) 4 © 35) a i 42.(c) 43. (a) 44.(a) 45.(@) au O52) 53. 54. (4) 58. (a) (a) 6 (ce) 63. (4) 64.0) 65 i : bs 72.(a) 73.) 74.6) 8, ; i “() 82.(6) 83.(6) gg, @ a. 62. 63, 16.(@) 26.(a) 36. (c) 46. (d) 56. (d) 66. (c) 76. (d) May tangent to t points is Ifp be the length of the perpendicular from a focus upon the 2 2 tangent at any point P of the ellipse (5}(3} 1, then a 2 @ eau Por e 1 (© = 2ar+~ (@ None of these P r ‘Where r is the focal distance of the point. The angle between the asymptotes of the hyperbola a 8 @ tan (6) 2tan 2 o 6 © tant (@ 2tant® a a 1. 8. (6) 9. (a) 10.0) y (a) 18. (6) 19, (6) 20. (c) a ©) 28. (c) 29. (d) 30. (c) al © 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (d) ua (b) 48. (a) 49. (a) 50. (6) a @) 58. (a) 59. (c) 60. (a) (a) 68. (c) 69. (a) 70. (b) 77. (b) 78.(d) —-79.(c-) 80. (d) o uy NODO 2Acoeff. of 2 =0 OP 22) + (2 92 2. Theli at The line Lx + my+ » - B=, if Will touch the ci ‘oe reat PetPendicularengtn pen ele A+ radius of the cirgle "CMTE ofthe circle Hence, Atmk+n Peart! of (Uh + mk + np? =P 3. The length of tangent aa 7 m = VPP oaxteexac = V4 by ea fea auaton ofthe circles? +)24 2964954 ree unknowns f, g and C. The 2 three conditi ae . Therefore, exactly 5. The given lons are required for determining the circle. le isx? +2 +2gx + 2H 4+C= i =0. Its centre is (-g, f) Since, normal will the Gait ill pass through the centre of Hence, The equation of normal at x, , tothe circle is given by on +f) *- @ +87= fi, 6. Since normal passes through the centre of the circle So, c=0 7. The circles are xt ~P—6xt2yt2=0 and x2+y?—4y+2=0 The centre and radius of circle (i) are @,-1yand {941-2 = 62 The centre and the radius of the circle (ii) are (0, 2) and or4—2 = 2 Hence, Distan circles ce between centres of the = {e-0+ = sum of the ra ch externally each other. jrcles tou cathe The eifpe circle t te give” circle 855 9. Let the equation of the citele is y+ Dye + 2h C=0 Ai) Since it cut the given circles orthogonally. “Ag+ Yn C47 $g—5f=C+9 Wg -9f = C+29 Solving these, we get 7-38, f--343,C=-4773 Hence, The required equation of circle is ‘3x2 + 3y? 76x —68y ~47=0 Gv) 10. The given circle is : sty —5x-3y-3=0 i) ‘The limiting point is a point circle belonging to the system of coaxial circles Hence(x-2) +(y-12= 0 org? +92 — 4x29 +5=0 Hence, Radical axis of (i) and (ii) is (a2 +92 — 4x -2y + 5) - 2 + 2 — Sx 39-3) =0 or, xty+8=0 I. The circle is 2? +)? = 25 a ‘The equation of pair of tangents from the point (-1, 7) is (2 + P—25) [IP + (7? - 25] Lex+7-y—25 Cs TP=SS) or, ‘24x! — 24y? + Ldxy - 50x + 350y— 1250 =0 Since here a+ b=24+(-24)=0 Hence, The tangents are perpendicular to each other i.e. o=n?2. 12, The given circle is ii) ety= fi) ‘The point circie whose limiting point (1, 2) is (=1P + 0-2) onx? +? —2x—4y +5 So, The radical axis of (i) and (ii) is (ii) or, Hence, The equation of any circle belonging to the system is (2 +29) + Mxt 2y-N=0 org? +? + Ax + hy- (9+ TA) =O 2 Hence, (Radius) = Rateoen =0 implies,5? +282 + 36 = 0 implies, A= -2,2=-18/5 Hence, The centres of point ice., (1, 2) and (9/5, 18/5) ‘The equation of normal at (a, 2at) is y~2at = -(x— a) If the point (aff, 2at,) lies on (1), then 2at, — 2at = -1(at? - at) ROP== ante, +4 implies, 2a implies, +1, = -> 1 given equation is. 14 The given cacti py = Apr — A) a y= 4pX, (p> 0) Where Y= yh. X= xh Ct “given in the right fence, The given parabola will open in t 15, The equation of the normal tothe parabola)? = 4ax at any point ar, 2a) 's eee er ye Dat = —t (x at?) Ife passes through (9) then an (2a t=, =O u ill Since, this is a Cubic equation in ¢, therefore, there wi be thice values of 1. $o thee points on the parabola which give three normal to the parabola. 16. Since the line and parabola both are satisfied by (am?, 2am) 17. The focus of the parabola»? = 4ax is (a, 0) So, The equation of focal chord is (-0)= m(x-a) @ Since, it passes through (af, 2a) Hence, 2at = m(aP —a) 2 “ep implies, Substituting the value of m in (i), we get Hence, or, (P- Dy = 2a) 18. Let CP and CD be two semi-conjugate diameters of the 2 ellipse = - =1 So, CPP+ CD = ab +B implies, CP?-+ CD? or, CP? + Cb’ i) Also the point of intersection of the line y=3x and ellipse 9x2 + 4y?=36 is pf 2, © BG 2 2 cP= ( } 4 5, Hence, Hence, CD?=13-8=5 implies, cD= V5 [From (i Hence, The length of semi-conjugate diameter to the diameter y = 3x is V5. 2 19. The ellipse is | = |, x =1 9 4 The equation of chord whose mid-point is (2, — 1 is 28, CD-y 2? eye fone) 9a implies, boy ae 1 - an2,b= fi.e= zrhenceae=1 Here, eter = 2% 2+2™1 Hence, ae 21, Given that = Lx Minor axis Latus-rectum = 5 2 we bya» a3 ie 3b =a ie B= a(1—e?), we get Hence, From Bee implies, e= 228 22, Distance between foci = 16 implies, 2ae = 16 implies, 2ax/2 = 16 implies, a= 42 Sor From B= a(e? — 1), we get B= 32(2- 1) =32 implies, ‘ Hence, Required equation is eB 32 23, The angle between asymptote is given by 2sec"!e Hence, 2sec! e implies, 24, For rectangular hyperbola ya b = a=cV2 Hence, the coordinates of foci are given by @+a 2a = ta=tey2 So, Equation of directrices for the hyperbola x= yst B-~= gigyng a + e 2 Now rotating the axes through — 452 es 605 (45°) —y sin (450) es COUGH — 45°, that i writing x Hence, x+y _ a _ “BE TAS oo, atynsa * xt¥= teV2 BORA?co-onpmmaTe GEOMETRY Circles are x2 + y? = q2 _ alta g Equation of pole we to circle (1) at, 4 “3 ; +hy- a= dis ‘The line (3) will touch the circle (2), i . -Q) aheo_ if Image = *4 or (hay = Hence, Locus of (h, k) is VY +ax= The line is mie Yat] X+pa9 at the points 4 and B, we have Hence, x7 +(2x+ 12 =9 Cut the circle or xe 2t2Vii 5 So, a le6sit Hence, The co-ordinates of point of intersection are (2 eas) 3 ona(= =2Ni 1-4) 5 5 Therefore Length of chord AB = = (ait) (svt) = aires 5 3 The given ‘equation of circle is ; ety te yet as “ re is (4, 5) and radius is 7. / rae tangent to the circle (i) parallel to the line $x - 12y= 2 : is - lay t k= : So as length from the centre (4, 5) of the circle (i) to the Tine Gi) ~ radius of the circle 54-125+k 4 fs? 412? k=131 | n of tangent is Hence, implies squat e & Hence, {From (0) 5 are The given citeles 9 =0 ryt kt Here 1. The circles INTS AND SOLUTIONS LEVEL. ands? +)? + 4x+ ky + 4=0 Here an 2he ‘These circles cut othogonally, if 88 thh= ero a, Kegeg heared 2 2 implies, ke? The line is 2ety+12=0 and circle isx? +»? - 4x + 3y-1= 0 Let (x,,y,) is a pole we. to circle (ii) 3 Hence, xx, + yy, -2x+x) + 7 O* yy Hence, 16x, —3y,-22 and 4x, +21y, +31 Solving these equations, we get x=Ly=-2 ill touch each other externally if sum of radii = distance between their centres implies, fk? —K? + fkj -K* [(k,- 0 +O+K) Squaring both sides, we get (2-2) +B) 42 =P YG = RE or, (KP K(k -) =P Squaring again, we get (k2— BY) (ke -B) = implies, (kK? + K3)= 42. 1. Given circle are PHP t2gxt Byte +P + gx t By +e, Since, the circle (i) bisect the circumference of circle (ii). Hence, Radical axis of (i) and (ii) will pass through the centre of the circle (ii). Thus, Radical axis of (i) and (ii) is 21g, - 8) x+ Uf, -A)¥# ey —Cy=0 Since, it passes through (-g,, —f;) Ug, ~ 82) 8-7 if) * 1-6 012(g, - 8) 82 + 2.4, i - fa) =e - PORNO? BMA“The equation of the line is xty=k Fence, Area of AOAB = a 858 ‘systems i8 : i 8 The equation of coaxial (ttyl ae tet V4 ano vio pear ay?) 24a) ( 142) 5-7A ay ia] 14a) 1th For limiting points radius = 0 <0 Hence, (2 + A)? + (1 +24? —(5 + 7A) (1 +A) = implies, O,A=-2 Hence, The required limiting point -2+0 -14+0 1407140 2+(-2) 142-2) ie 2.-pana (- =26ani= 7 9 The equation of the chord of the circle whose middle Point is (x,, »,) is ty) t ett +) + fy ty,) Sensi P+ 2g 4 Bre (User=5,) % GEO y=a ety ten +p, 548), ,[altor+en+ fy net nth Bur given that slope of chord is m ea ntt or, 10. i t will touch the circle atthe mide ae) 12. hes k= + av2 implies. ‘tangent to the circle i ‘The equation of tang is So, xty=tav2 rcle is eee fon 8 +31 =0 “pty 86.4) centre is (5. , scthe co-ordinate of other extremity of the diameter og ity is (2, 3) is (x,y, “ /hose one extremity is Q, Ye diameter. So, implies, and implies, , So, The co-ordinate of other extremity is (8, 5) Let the x-axis cut the circle at two points AG ¥4) and Bx, Y—). | Substituting y= 0 in the given equation we get ar + 2gx+e=0 a) So, and a Intercept on x-axis AB =x, —x,. = VG +5) -4yn = Ve2e/ay 47a) 2y8? -ac a Hence, Statement (1) is correct, tet ac, then x, =x, ©. The points 4 and 8 conci is cide and the x-axis becomes the tangent to the circle. = Hence, Statement (2) ig correct, “ae, then equation 1) has imagi ots, then Hie does not mest the ae a nent, Sement (3) i comeey itand oniy in Willi on the opposite sides ofthe rt som! of ond are of opposite signs. pad a aa a PPOsite Side. oO Cac 0 or exoOr cs The circles are 15 TGP Tart 79 552 ae s 9 : aye get ayes ° aaa si Te radia xis rw) and dinis ay The radical axis of (i) and (iy ig Bil _oxty43=9 The radical axis of (iii) and (i) jg a coninat i +7=0 solving (iv) and (¥), We get the radi “we 5 SOR erases 14, The equation of line thro is given by wah (at? 2ar, 1) and (ar2, 2ar,) y= 2ar, = 244 =2ar, (x = at?) aid age *~ at) or, y~2ar, = 2 aH qe) Ie this li i this line passes through the focus (a, ©) ofthe parabola Hence, O— 2at, = rere (x-at?) *, iq +4)=1 or, g=-1 15, Let any point on the circle x2 + y? = ais (x,,,) So, xptyi=@ Thus, Chord of contact of tangents drawn from (x, ¥,) to the circle tyes bis xx, +), = 2 Since, this chord touches the circle veyed fT ii) Hence, or, So, Thus, earn Hence, a, by¢ are in G."- 16, Let the centre of the circle be (h, ) [From (i)] fi), 17, Here OL= MC = and MP3 So, Pots MPB + MC? =9 +16 5 = CL (radius ofthe circle) Thus, The centres ofthe circle are (4, * 5) and radius is s, The equations of circle are (4) + (yt 57 = 25 ora? +? Bet Oy + 16= 0 “The given equation of parabola is So, PC Ai) So, a, Aafia + Wan _ va fan tion espa f+ 8) = dele fa [Since (x,, ¥,) lies on (1)] y von = [Dividing both sides by Ja Vb J Jy] implies, Jor, 18, Let the point of trisection of PQ is M(h, k) Let the co-ordinates of P and Q are (at, 2ar) anc (af, — 2at). Since, M divides PO in the ratio 1 : 2 So, 921,198.97 BOA860 - and TD 4 tan Hence, Re ° Hence, locus of (A 8 y= tar 5 parabola ye equation of the normal to the 19, The equation of the normal Let the point of intersection of three normals 2 2am —mn, +),= 0 Fee ee ine roots of this equation ‘mem, and m, But given that two normals are at right angle Hence, From (ii) non 2] s2-n(202 ory?+Qa-x,ata= 0 or yP= a(x, 3a) So, The locus of (x, ,) is y= a(x — 3a) 20, Let the equation of hyperbola be or, 21, (23) (94 a3) =. ‘It passes through (4, 6) So, (6-4/3) (6+4V3) = 2 implies, a=-12 Thus, The required equation of hyperbola is PB =-12 3x2 y = 12 Let the equation of tangents be = mxt * ™ a =m xt , m ya mrt ™ The point of intersection of (ii) and (ii) is { a a mm, The equation of fine (i) is (2a) 2 ay 3 bam ~ ae ta is (xp) Adi) i) (iii) or, iy arly, the equation of normal drawn from similarly, equation of toto lincane fines (i) and (iii) to line (ii) is ection of the intersé za a(Lede 1 ) mer," drawn from the intersection ‘ i uation of normal (i) to the line ( 1 At] ty and the & of (i) and ue , iv), (v) and (vi). on solving any t¥0 of.) -ft+tet.i 2° nym” mya, rthocentre lies on the directrix. Loe ne Let CP and CD be two diameters which are at right angles to one another. Also let the equation of line PD be cos @+y sin Ai) Equation of ellipse is (li) So, Making (ii) homogeneous with the help of (i) the join equation of the lines CP and CD (joining the origin to the point of intersection of the line PD and the ellipse is) 2 y _(xeosatysina . Stk - (Feet ysina) iy ; ar P ince, the diameters CP and CD are at right angle Thus, Coefficient of x2 + coefficient of y=0 or, Hence, pa ee @ +b) ‘Let the equation of the circle is Rta ns Peypendicular distance of PD ie., the line (i) from ROBIN? 248Hence, The equation of the circle is wtyrn ab? GB yu. The equation of tangent at any , ye cis Point “7 to hyperbol ty = 24 a 42 a 2et 2e con the asymptotes (axes) are, PS M*d€ by tangents 2et and % . Hence, Area of required rectangle = ct {2 m4 | 1 25, The equation of parabola and line are The slope of the line = + So, Slope of the tangent = - > Hence, The tangent to the parabola (i) 1 to line (i) is = meh ve m . 1 implies, ya dete or, Qy=4xel 26. Let the extremities of double ordinate of the parabola y = 4ax are (at?, 2at) and (af? — 2at) ‘Thus, The slope of line from vertex t0 (aP, 2at) (at -0) ™ > (at? -0) t from vertex 10 (a?, - 2a) m= “(ar -0) 2 1 The slope of the line 4 my F x ines #5 Hence, The angle between tM lines # 9 ; ya x ‘The given straight line is : yo axes ‘Since, the tangent makes an angle 45° with this line m-3 ‘Thus, tan 45° = 753m implies, m= So, The required equation of tangent is a ys mee m implies, y or, aty+1=0 28. The line is yomre andParabola y= 4ax ‘Substituting the value of y from (i) in (ii) So, (ax + oP = 4ax orymPx? +2 (mc—2a)x +c? =0 Let the chord cut the line at A(x.) and BU 2) me —2a) Hence, xt and Heuce, Hence, From (i), we get Yy—Ya= me —¥) 4 amas Hence, Length of intercept PQ 16 = 78 a(a—me) +48 a(a—me) m = at la (a—me) (+m?) mm 29, The equation of normal at (at?, 2at,) is y—2at, = tx at?) or, xt, +y= 2at, + ah, (i) Similarly, the equation of normal at (ar, 2at,) and (ar, 2at;) are respectively Xt + y= at, + at,> Gi) and My~y= ar, + at, i) SVYEVIO.NY Px31. ee 10s Point of intersection ofthese normals is given by (O44 +B An) a—t(, +4) a), (2+B+ Beene PRAM 18 40 ay). e0, (+ 4) a) Hence, The area of the triangle formed by these three Points is fecdcdcpe “Ah G+h) 1 by +h) 1 Qt +R tana ARR tna th y+n) 1 (By R,—R, and Ry R,) ~ Nh (+4) 1 WG + +h)a ThG-H)G+h+5)a 0 (Oy ty t4)a 1 Q+R +B tnn)a AG-H)G+h+h)a 0 PMG ty rey 24H +B tha ~K(y +n) 1 i mt, 0 1 4 0 1 1 St FOGG 4417} =| 2 POG -Wlg—4 G +ythy The equation of the asymptote differ from the ‘equation the hyperbola by a constant only, Let the eugation to the asymptotes be W-3x-2y+e=9 But is must representa pair of straight lines. So.abe + 2fgh — aft — bg? — op? ~ 9 t022e0( 3-0 (if Thus, The required equation of asymptote is wW-3x-2y+6=0 % — @-2 6-3) Equation of the focal chord through focus (a, 0) is 0-0) = (4) Pe on,(P— 1) y— 2x0 + 2ar=9 Hence, Distance from vertex (0,0) to the focal chord 2at 7 Var 1 2at * e= Length of perpendicular) 2ar ~ yy 74 Given) del [from the last Hence, focal chord re / is the length of focal chord. Whe ; fa Weston or, m al at (ar, 2at) is The sqton of vormel 29 i 2 ‘) al (i) ut the parabola at (ar2, 29, Yate rennet seam . 2alt, - 1) a(t? =?) 32, Dis (e-ary (y= 2at) = (x-ary or, 0-20) = Fy ine (i) and (ii) must be the same. 2 Slope of) = Slope of Gi) i) implies, 33. ax nor= (S)(-2)- Hence, given equations intersect orthogonally, Let the three points on the parabola are (at, 2ar), (at3, 2at,), (at2, 2ats), Hence, The area of triangle formed by these three points as vertices is Hence, 34, a 2a | 2aty 1 2aty 1 pA) (4-4) (,-4) (a, 2at,Yand (ar, 2a) are 1 5| at? 2 at - 2%, iat tangents at (a2, 2a,), respectively Paes ys Point of intersection of Wi at, + 6)}, Latyts, a(t *6)} and {atst,, a(t, + 1,)} ints i ‘The area o '© formed by these three points is 1/42 an) 1 A= 2] Abts a(t) +4) 1 As alts +n) 1 1 = 38nd -HX-0) = 24, Hence, 4 ROAANIO.O7 =