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Example 496; A plote made steel 3008 of plain carbon (Sy =450N/mm?) in hot rolled condition is shown in Fig, 439. The thickness of plate is 40 mm. The theoretical stress concentration factor is 2.30 and notch sensitivity is 0.8. The surface finish factor and size factor ‘are 0.60 and 0.85 respectively. For reliability of 90 % the reliability factor is 0.897. If the factor of safety is 25, determine the maximum completely reversed axial force the plate cawn take for the infinite life. ai a3 as as as University Questions with Answers What's sres concentration ? State various ones of sress concentration and susdes remedies forthe (Sections 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3) Explain in brief |) Notch sensitivity (Section 4.4) li) Modified Goodman diagram for axial and bending stresses (Section 4.13.1) How ual you occount for sress concentration in design of machine pars ? (Section 4.1) Write short notes on 1) SIN curve (Section 4.7) li) Modified Goodman diagram (Section 4.13) itl) Miners equation and its utilty (Section 4.10.3) 'v) Fatigue failure (Section 4.5) (Sections 4.1, 4.2 and 4,3) Write short notes on i cua damage (Section 4.10.3) tt) Factors for correcting endurance limits (Section 4, limits (Section 4.8) lit) Modified Goodman diagram (Section 4.13) lu) Fatigue failure (Section 4.5) 4 5, = 0554054580 =290 MPa KORN K KS = 075x185 0921 0196 0897.20 1 = 759196 MPs gap cmt ed te Fes Fae «20956109 1700102 : sre 2 Onn Rp a xf a Pn «Pain = ACHSH10) = 88102 Ree ae sat” out « 1742009458410) 7 Den va = 28 ne oe Seon ampind = 20a gn, «4x10? =(-5803) = HO ne ‘Sp 3 Cae he dm the bar 1) Godman eerie ‘As pe Conta tn, fa se sou10? | leo? 57 Re seks arson "2 1, Sodertescrerin AS pt Sota on, 4 107 am Me Me fe Ane FS EE Deas aan ee fe : oS 1 plan mid Cotman gran for idan enn od 1) Stew ot 4. lin he deg of bt ic cnn ore Tatil he deen fn bcd chat sre pee A racine component bed Ang oe et | endurance limit ress Jor the machine component 1270 Nw Te sma inv nowel a6 ot 0 ee a (L) Gerber theory (2) Saderberg tine nner sot =. nn tet {imee op 1 2 ond ses cette me of es 480m ee ator Ks = 085 nd rf fh fr R= 5 eet A erie tl hat mie elm at nt fo emt lcs and onal Sng mene «il we ws f= The shat of ener ee mon nl ny 2 rem Be avd veh dane hs marl somos eh fH a aL Tin me muarecs st oh iar ee Ff as a hc ectanson ne | ee fish fcr of 02 far he ie ainsi eee i? sas | naman 415 a ch ied ria sar rey, a, ae cairn te fon 1310s wos in Pa gna ata med tt re th hg 300 a Drm he ct of fe, 5 “Seton Gen at ey ce sre om == Gee =38MPA, 5p= SPR 5) HO MPL, S.= 200 MPO Tofind: Face of tty (05) tp <4 © Cala te mae srs an ss apie 2. ‘Sip 2: Cake the revaliant mean rn andthe resaltant stress ample [Apert dct eoy ian, he lt sneer fr cmb longs, (For wil ss ony = (OF 9307 5F = 319178 Ma 4{05F +3757 = 322005 Mrs alae mae deer Ps ee S310, Fos<1 Renata coe @ K-08, Krom, Kr 08 Toad : Dinetr o Sap =: Cala te endurance imi os Bem Ry = K-11 <00c7- 15208 peers peony po eect, aty, te etn fn AB monte den 0s = 9n A ecaarbar mae wp of el jd Tee aength ofthe sel 580 MPa ond yield srw (Bown ofthe bar wing Sodrbr's crbwion ond “mention factor 2.27 Notch rest 08 ; Surf ear 97 Satin Given ata Tous = 13.5 EN = 435410" fgg "= HSB HSIN, TECHBUCAL PUBLICATIONS®- on upon or krowiege TECH PUBLEATIONS “e on ec ce Te MNe= THI Nam Tow = tun pe, Sa = SON, Sx Se=2M Nom? FOS =? Tefed: Dine é ns reese amp Bx! SINS eg? tp <1: Cae th Bie: ae a 10181 ent mar Intersection pot Sines AB ad BC te pepo Bis ig ci (ah a Be ny pot under sonsierion ‘Stop <2: Calealate he enan mn sr td he ean srs amplinde ‘A pert dato ee heh ri ees fr combi Ing ee Fee nail od ew TECIOALPURUCATONS a rt rope = 26569 By cnn te ctf ne $08 tos Pe) alse] 1 £8 55 8108? oS, = 360 8/m?)al (EERIE iin ta ma fel ri ie 45 5 eating tre ich vars ro 0m lcs 10D antlcte The sire rsh on ik (8 ond 85 eet, Te rly ar D897, the ac f fy 2: datmin the amr of be the rin org yore mn Satun The soe cmp siniroEample 419, rer Example 4.19, Te anrwer ofthe ve eu EET Fatigue Design of Components Subject to Combined Stresses E. 0 tl of faire re a SA ont Son oe Aerie ee (7-0 Oa eas rece oe YE : cee 2 fie gt a cae to 29,72 mt ge en ceed ale oe fe 0) bee (eeree ulant stress sceplitude, ae comnts tl ee os on ~ ({ea=cemeee to 0, > fea -euea thee] on tr inn it as ot er es bs re eal ou = [eta] (ane a) = 99-9 8) [0 sited Examples 1 monmision shaft coves ply mid el Bang Tn mn! ll ee na inl moe he ht on Wn Ten ft (eee! nme pl a dT of oF Ws Et re The comeced endurance srenth of he ha 0 te eer 2 een = ena 8 ae ad 63 Wd fai = ee ae ape BEE 1 on Dara ie of orm wie 6 m= fee HY 2 Th mrt pe [2 SEN 5 270 Tee Ras 227 as = 85 nd Nh sey 4 = 6 & $= 0559 0 700Nim!) whichever mals SS “cawobte te mean rem he 7 D0 aaa cous = Zon 10010 ee TEAL FURLCATENS pt or ge mo = RR 36KP 005, ge © 0 o ‘Stein: Giron te: sian i= ca when one -e87 moon “HON a 970M To find: Fone of sin 'D Sober ei) Goninan ie i Gober Teng) Stile bre {9 1: Cob he em sand rn amide au? ome = 10024 - 70N/nom? gs + Sma = 1088 a ts =P = 19°" = 20NIn? y= Samoan = 1H Sejm = Se i Sq =70FOS As Om” FOS TOs. Sea os «730 05 fea = pe 1 Wes s ‘Sup 2: Calealat the factor of safety by wing Soderberg Hine Step 4: Cae efor of fey by wig Garber tery By Gabe ben, eehee Pier) cee ee Step 5: Calealate the actor o safety agit tat fare Factor of se, TECHNICAL PUBLCATIONS® - on uo fr noes st te a a the end of he keyway, = ‘stop 2; Cakalate the dameter of crcaar rod a he shoulder es, ‘We know that according o Soderbere's Ine = XM = 122500 (a0 =95 Dy Perea tis sa288 «abe oxen tl fs le ee ay ‘we know oh 10% 10 390010 Biatiwecrgia ent 35, mY pr sés4 , 4242097 aia @ ~ ssa. 4 = 100.5164 mm (HERE 1 citi ower ros 500 rp A lt drive {Fe cometh Bower 6151 and 1730p cece It Te bl ea trgu of 20 ad fre of 2500 (Fie th ie 424 sows tion of ars, ep the shea he plane in whch he reat Bl freon rave (0 The rato of th onal dant th spring her 112 and he ris of th ft 108 ef rh of dane Find te spt hme, jee ar ond a ‘rot role hig flowing oes of ree: a Extremes lini = 180 MPa BE a on on 5 encemration aco fle is 18, hme 18 Pr onc 6 @ = sue pss ameter, = 40 mm nual deter, D= 12 d= 1240 = 48 mm TECHNICAL PUBLGATONS®- on pina trond eg ‘Stop - ; Calealat he ameter ofthe sal ty 066 10/8) mee = 36 * Gomis 10/8) = asie ‘As 6 <0 te equation of ine BC governs te desi Hes, ea sys aonscr/e) , corse 6/2), 7928 5 42 33 am (GENRE tr sa i pr fy i ede td samy ea ei hing ¢ nan eo 9 nd mene of 8B, Derm te om ag fo ood 15 se ea ¢ 04S, ct ih for of 2, The meri opr of he weg aged roth of 0 Ne? arog of 50 ht and nrc srg of 150 Vn “An 1 = S00 mt, Pn ~ 29 XN © 20°10 N, Fas = $0 BN = 5010? N, FOS = 15, K, = 09, Ky = 085, S.= 350 MN/m Sy, "650 N/m To find: Diameter of tebe (8, Stop 1: Calelate the endurance lini of» bes Sy = KRY KEKE Re RS 0 Ky = 085, Ky = 09 Asune Ko = Keekp=Ke ‘Scteting al hs ae neque (, S = O85 x09ntxtetes = 26775 MPa TROIRCALPURLOATION a rt mp ea = Fey, a S| Fem = a op sored eam, A dpi, fee Mo > be Men sons ome Pica ~ ea 5630010 yp, = Som Sain 1 661910 254600) “ oS a) = BORG yep, = ee ps pr sven critron 88810? 9425 mm (EEEEED Perms sh sete of cl rid ma 9 Ea i rg a fa 8,* 19 Moen ue yl rg of 30 Dense gens ae Fo - HN, = 701 on a ca cori eee gage oy S,=265 MPa Fos = = 350.Mra, Ww, nin =~ 300BN, Wa 10, Totind: « TECHNICAL PUBUCATIONS an pat natn yo Ob, Kya 08s Bee -" ‘ining ase vas ein sg = 0c 08S 1x1 1x 1 20-204 Ninn! Acct 1 ten BOT, “ga = 0577 5, = 05774204 117706 Nine? Sy = 0571 Sy= 0577% 380 = 21926 Nim? = ‘tp = Caen the maga srr andres ome C91: Tua = 90 B= 0010 em, “ay =~ 200 Nn = 2000) Ne We ko tat, som set aed ia gg «tt sing a Iota foe 7 EEE ey? fact, 018s jeg ua) = 2b sro New? s, Tirta ~ 7936 30 om aetia ~ athe s, eee 2-191 sup (oI: T yy = 800 N= 003109 Ne Tan orci fa | oe ine BC ee ee a ane teterecton of tines AB ad 8, ce ert est) 0 Ghee a: = st0 mm, Su HOMPR Sy 22MM pon “6 Nim, FOS =35,K, 082, Ky" 085 “To fad: Tine of pe) “0 sp 1 Cath dea n t press vs $= Roky RR ROK S ae |S, = 08 Sy 0 700.N/me? } whichever is smaller 5, = 05 40 oF 700N/mn® ) whichever is salle 5, = 220 ine! Ase Ky = KerKeo yet ‘Subrsing all hese abs neon : S, = 082% 8S 1 1s De be220= 15336 Pe point under consideration, eno = 24 2 0, en GD ey oe! i te eqn of line AB gov es, He, a aay Stop 2 Calcalate the mets strand srs amplitude ofthe presre ves ie tal pecs veel fc Gc pesmi equal th tral essing fice, Rat Fy 49 by considering fctor of safety, ‘Snaros x Ea) = axxéss pxda) I ou 1, a To * 15334 7 35 mae t= 11503 am (DEBITED ronson sh Roving am wie eile reg heel feratng orev of 200 Nm ntl on na far he daeter ofthe sha for if le Asan he dt Eo ‘only the fuctuating torque is charge 10% Stop -3: Calle the hckae of pte The equation of Une AB 60 Ma, 5. = 380 MPa, FOS =2, K, = 04 Ke 085 ¢=1 C1 Tags * 800 Nm, Tyg = 200 Nem (lle 1 Ty, = $00 Nn, Tyg == 10 Ne Toad : Diameter of the shah z Hor ee seat eas eS Teta I i te 3 "rm 9 Tas pop nays we mi af he oi 78M Domine age Ng Ret Pl f sh 250 Te et Pa ros~15 Fm #30081 = 350 05 §,= 75 MPA FOS= 1S “Te nad: Lie of est it fe nd Maun ~ Fry = 2006350 = 1051109 No Tee sid Groza gm is how Fig 429 ta his dg, the polt H fe ue te sy ie ene esa wil hve ely Gite, The crits of pit I ae (Ch yy} The eget cng, revered tet Oy i fei un by aig + gh ine Hough pom wich pes ten TEoAEAL PusucaTONS® av spt one — won ez center SOE dS ort ese oF rom Ft 429.0 on = 1.15 yo, ow Fs 2 tn 5: = om a 7” 0B 12509 54)-logl8) ony) : ofl) ~ Tgp) log(09% 420) op) _ bg 01g) Tere) lgi0) ort) 2STHALAS | 2236 Life of ie tat = co} = cot at = 20577 1 Cee TENVCAL PURLEATIONS opm ens «Caan heedrne t f a eens = 0Su ce MON mm?) mtn sme os . e = 05350 10?) weve er 5, = 10Nen! * n=O K-08 ety me 75525590 eK = 88 Ae mee Koo KerKe) = 0085 ex 007420 15249 N/a? Asin te dry 0, Se = 0577 5. 05TH 8 = #7967 Ni? ~ Sy 7 057 Sy 05774 10 = 17.1 Nom? ‘92 Cae mes a ape ets ‘ t ee aa 1p Hx! eee t= Sie Now, a aman. t/a ¥ ;. = 001mm 75450, eas the inal anampton i aet i Ky 08 = IOI gs eee le TEOANCALMLEATENEY en opal emer cea te0set4=1)+ 1°16 “sung he yes in seo sg = 077 0854 DOMINO = sis Nia? 77300 ‘5p 2: Coste the mens rman ress amped of he beam [Arte nett con, Mann ~ Fx = 504 100= 15510? No S19) == 5410 Ne cn i EI EM es snr tn a ee Fm 509095% 10 fa nse ee 4 oad arte cing coro fe, fees toussonxi0t] mu 5092983 10" Se. * ad TiS aon Tass" Toate ‘hepsi ie AB Vereen orem ae fa, _ By ces eft fy, 1c hes etn earns (i), entry nt 555158 4-2026096 = 0 easy Bi se ne A oe ox on any pointer consid, me sna 0 emtin of ine AB gorens eGo I emt ed etn amet can a ae 9 St wm el 40H TSS ono) ae ten) shown 0 Fi. 427 The fc eigen mea fos "gn + 180 % To expected relahiy 4 90 fr wth he rey fw «087, Jara rsh fcr onde fcr or 077 end O85 rect as esi Wt es 9 ond eral ore crenata ein th meter by wie mal Gates agen z a Y ‘Sup 1 Caeaate the endaraace limit fhe ater ea Sy = ReKy Kee oy S Sy = 05 Sy er NO N/m?) whi mabe Se = 05 6 oe 70 N/m?) wih me 5, > 300 Nan TEcnca, PumLcaTond pie cp. Hees, Tes Gt qt oo AB ore 2 ae oor | 0389P 1 D186 7067 a 1 gn. Se oS sae =u Su #580 MPs, 5) 320MP, K,=09, Ky= O85, Ke=0923, y= 068, FOS=2 To tnd + Diane of he seve < ‘Stop = 1: Cael he endurance mit f the ctever bear Se KEKE RS 5 on = at S,= 033, or 0 MPa) whichever is smaller S, = 05% 5500700 MPa) whichever i mar S28 Mra K, = 09, Ky=085, = 0508, Ke 068 ‘same nels Sabtiing al hn vlc in eur Sina Se = 09% 85x 0903x 1x 068% 1x 275 .= 10007 mn TECHNICAL PLBLCATIONS® an pint rime reese Ree ERED coved Exampies a id vd WCE Sy ~ 190 MPO cd oad the fe nd A se fees, = 380 ro en Pg 625 1 Cra rm Pm 3 Te ach em ctor te fl OS. Te (a ae Tee al Ba el ae fer we OAS e008 Te Boral oe a of ore Ph enter tet! vention fr 1S Deon th mana oe conto for nine Tbe FOS = 2. Faas Tosind: Maximum va ffoce sup nc in of aleve Dear CATIONS o apna nouae re te dere vob eatin, Se = 1567067 Se pte of bam Paes tin a i nn Pe gap OSI oop 9 Cale the asian ha » sangre wl 8 PHS sie hs dpa rn reid by Godman gt ase flow ‘Now be aut or fed Grogan dara | oreo se: ‘Wis 6 6, ne CD pov ee. fee “0 “a ea. ser Stet Sy ote o te sc wd he yeni Oe See of TRE oko a to aoe tht, wt cerain pit he © Fae, ‘Wie > 8, te AE pone en can a : Bes = By eneing ee fe, oS ko = Aes 1 he ng ee (0) cb nel aig he ove eatin (432) x (4.4) ke 9, dy, fees and stint hese asin euntin (430) EREEI sosines Goodman Oisgram for Fvctuning Torsional Shear Stresses EEE ‘The maifed Goodman dna fr facing aol shea scetes i shown in Fig 424 (Gee Fig. 424 on Nex Fae) sks, nthe ution of ine AB is, Se ~ Endure lini of component in te in Nx? Whea 8 <8, line CB governs the desi. Sy ~ Yield ster song of materia in N/m? Sm Sao Sy "3 | Sy. = Liking va of sf sear sss ample in N/m? 5 TECHOCAL PLELICATONS® on ptt or kontcge on Dose sift fey coil, . Gee rei _Sstnng thse ws i pce 125, sagF08,, 708 = 1 woe Su = Uiitng vate one wean et Lining ale of sess amie Ni? 2 Soderberg tine (Soderberg erro) 2 aoe te anne on hada on Sy on cna called © Sodrbere lie. Rte ean. “As pete Sodeiery cn te wing ein tow this le is comiered a fe, ‘irre wl ease aft of camper frit “The eustion of Seber stag! ie sia to Godin ine By ccadetng te ct of ey, Ten a ates, Sy Yield ne reg of materia N/m? | caer parbou (Grow tron) “A protic cre joing Scene ona and Son th baci cle a Gerber pore. Rel F +s per Be Ger tn, ron tlw is cave cnsitered safe. Thr ‘sl ease ey of conn nine i wate TECNICA PUBLICATIONS nutty nace oe ee sett gent ot tA Be gg ay “ty Jaret 5 Lae tory ot 6m mtr 2M Sine corel omg ioe rs bcaut 1 8 conn Fl ent cOMponeR eed fra Bove cootnan Ouoran or ced 1 ree dagen ld elie Cotman dap. Se | wos "pm om ed a Onoteen dam tc et tg | 1 is Geen Sagan Dg ia wr Setar oe cre spate ns wd [RD estes Coctian Daren fe Fat eg pe otis Oost dagen Ong | “gr deow, te Goodness nin “MS aneon eyelet ; es yi Di | ‘these two points. This line is drawn at 45* with the abscisu. S screens winced Maange, te Ce wre foe tdeg las 6c es __ a ig. 423: Maced Goodman dap Macon il re re “A tine AE is enstruced by joing Sn eae nS me is Whe ete The pot of inet of tee Tod Bnd be er OSG ro a conponeisabjted to fucting Sess fr nae i Teonucal PLRLATINS? nt on Ln sL10) 10 io ow 4 Nie » up 3 Calesate te dame of be od Fernie if of ero ® uring eusions (@)ad (. rama = 1 41320041 mm eu "| (EERE 0 eh nf SC = 0 Nn 6 id Er mrad ie mean po 10 ot eek [Op tenner if ei eK 006K“. 084. SRR Soadoe:Gnea data 5, = 660 NV? = 40-mmy Ky~ 14, @=09,K, = 076, Ky 5. = Rey: Ke Ke: Ry Ry’ S 4 Be, 5, = 08, 067 N/m) whichever is mar S. = 05> 6.6610 Nm) whichever sale s+ 30a! 0693 Ssduing al hae visio eqn (), TECHNCAL PUBLEATIONS 550 MPa P=# 1000 KN, FOS = 2, K, = 078, y= 085K, 0968 ond : Diameter f rd fo infin fe. endarane lito trot sep 1 Coles Kyo Kye KeKe Re By o ES 5, = 055 oF 0 Nam! wine le S_ = 05x $0¢ 700m whee i mle S.= 15 Nina? pe, K_ = 0025 fren ning 5, eee Sibtinsng all hese vale in ogeion Se = a7ex as onde ix ie eet 205 s = Moon ee Cleats the mean strand ample res fhe compen yas = +1000 N= + 1000109 nt Prag = = 200 RN = 10002107 TECuCAL PUBLEATINSY opal wee * Fonio(0")= Hoe 10%) nul ~ “Teo 10-6 10") Siig i ein noun, -[Pnelay=2u0rs cae tans] =a es Ces = 0 = (026949 10 a a= 6fPtetean ai) a] wa [Panag] t-te w= «finnten 16 vy = oft meee 2m ae . i _, . Tae * Soa a Pe fo sane The work cole of mechanical compan ee only pees Kei ue ele Inne recone 4 Te Nm fo 85 26 f tne, 2.4 50 Nf of 5 Nh! fe ag ne ‘econo ade of Ob carbon se SCH = kd Nw). ¥ eunece fa fence 0 Nee Sari i Ee Saat: Given d ay 30MPa for y= 400MP for y= 02, 5, = SOME fe 5-20 ve 035, 9: -S00MP beg: =a03 Past TECWaCA, PUBLICATIONS an end Hew a oct # Me Pg gett £25 MPa, Bae! Vin 90 aft DISS ing aaa Moose RNa ae ver mie wel orth 100 Te pte oe 40 and 0 ae tm ‘expect fe at 08s, a i eT ae EO is wows TOL Sy gy -o fe 45 = 01 Reming iy vn) = po ure K-08 0 0a eg “sees oong; se oe emoee vee cc g BH) - ony =te 21D ies Coke he earn In he emponen Mic i aac ey Se RK EK § a0 | a 5 = 055 4700804) were «mate at S.~ 054 206190) iene (EERE iw ear male of cll sn el Imre ecg) rowed ad of 108) 9 a sho e419 G- HON) Te mach aetiy Scor ¢ a he [lcm es 05 nd te paced ei 99 Demis orf team or af of 100 te ome ling Se fi fr = 07 Sec fcr~ 045 Rea fcr = 0997 °" SERENE mee Sing: Th str gs Eel, Fam I i ee es pe ap 1238 Nima, 3080 Nin, d= 1148 in ss Ky > 08, Ky 085, Hee 08 0-007 (RUE ieee eee a 7 me 0s 0. - OS donc oo compel rer fre oI ot rnd The oss perpen ea fo = ae ‘ae Ben he fed ad re nd teen bam 9mm The ca se ies Sting Ate ve gun ch sei 138 ol 085 rece The fe rh fc ode ar ae 9 od 85 rp myer ond rey fr 8975 nd O46 rept. The he! eof hoe 00 a metal ft of 6 15, amine dan of boa Perr a nd fp 2: Cleat the Me 44,20 er Esample LUN. Ny a= Life in eyes when ely mplayer 3.0 — 8 ee TEOWNCAL PUBLICATIONS «a ert or naps ECHUCA, AAUEATEN? an pa owe sip -2 wi Foe inte ie comers, unig gates (sd ‘top <2: Cake the force for ite i pear 10° an6585 aun) N = 2 2397 or fine ie fhe component, From Fig. 4.16, 2. Wega ‘nae eee 6 2 Sy = 20659130 ow pints a * = ima 4 ro aw P= 51.045. 10 N= staan pen nn oe ae ay Dan beng momen! of 50 Bem Te se mat ig a Sy 50 80? ll tf 50 ale mt aver spciner of 210 SN [nt The nah sii ba re snes concerto fr 1 2563. Trait 6965 ae risen fmm we eit st wom factor 079, Se fstr 075 and Raby cer 097 ‘re fh ft fe i A rosating ar made of sel SC8(S=630 Ni? Vd empl ame eg Care rece endrance Limi af he Bar i318 N] ww? Clie aie te fe ro he ft Cele Totind : Fatigue sree Sip =: Calculate the ftgee strength he ba fle Me rom Fig. 4.18, (Se Fig 18 on Next Pa) wo oy me ings) ‘To tod: Lit te oan eters uote a tas eareniaiy xerake tr = 20M (Gre) be ; eros cot)s- 9 joe keke! ere conn) ih a wt ri iat From Fe 41518 : 4. 25 .0ms i-m@ rm pene f= 008 Ks =26 en acer s0nasene 19228 BEES ccs Rog is Subssng al se vas egtion By 08 075K 1 De 043854 1210 s. = $5251 MP top <2 Cale tee of he ba ‘Asoc component is uj 1 eng mac, ee ate fe fhe shat, Sy = 1773100 Ma TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS pup rato nwo Pacy aaaald (Asse 08

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