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THE LIBRARY
THE INSTITUTE OF MEDIAEVAL STUDIES
TORONTO
PRESENTED BY
June 1, 1938
:^^:
BT. ^1
^<x^-\^
'^*^'^,^.^.^,
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
University of Toronto
http://www.archive.org/details/lucianlu02luci
THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY
EDITED BY
PAGE, LiiT.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, Lirr.D.
CAPPS. PH.D., LL.D. T. B.
LUCIAN
II
WIT^%N ENGLI^ •TT^ANSEATi0N BY
•J'RINCEION UNlYASISlfY
IN SEVEN VOLUMES
II
MCMXIX
- 9 1938
JUN
//S11
First Published, 1915.
Reptinted, 1919
PREFATORY NOTE
With the possible exception of the Downnmrd
Jouimeij, all the pieces in this volume have a double
MSS. tradition, one branch of which (y) is best
represented by Vaticanus 90 (F), the other (/?) by
Vindobonensis 123 (B), very incomplete, and in-
adequately supplemented by the other MSS. of that
group. For details see Karl Mras, Die Uberlieferung
Lucians, Vienna, 1911.
The text here presented is the result of a careful
revision based not only upon the published collations
VI
CONTENTS
V
PREFATORY NOTE
ZEUS CATECHIZED ^^
ZEOS RANTS ^^
241
^^^
PROMETHEUS
INDEX , . . , ,
613
Vll
PA
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY, OR
THE TYRANT
A scene in the realm of Hades, showing that cobblers fare
better there than kings. Tlie lower vrorld is depicted also in
the MtnippuH and in the Dialogues of the Dead. All these
pieces were deeply influenced by Cynic satire and in par-
ticular by the Necyia of Menippus. Helm maintains that the
Downward Journey is based on a couple of scenes in the
Necyia which Lucian left unused in writing his Menippus
and subsequently worked up into a separate dialogue, pre-
fixing an introduction of his own ; but there is hardly
enough evidence to make this theory plausible, let alone
incontestable.
The part plaj-ed by the Fates is unusual. Instead of
spinning destinies up aloft as in the Charon, two of them are
given a share in the convoying of souls to the underworld,
Atropos turning them over to Hermes and Clotho presiding
over their reception at the ferry. Clotho's function thus in
great measure duplicates that assigned to Aeacus.
VOL. II.
KATAHAOTS h TTPANNOS
XAPnN
Elev, & KXtoOot, TO ixh <7«:a<^09 TOUTO r,fx,iv
ava^ycoypv ev fiaXa
u<£Xat eirpe-rrh «al Trpo?
nape<jKevaap.ivov o re
I'ffTo? wpemrai Kal n
w avrXo'S eKKexvTat ««i
oBovr) -napaKeKpovaTaiicai
TerpoiraiTai, icocXvei re ovdev,
rS>v KOy'nSiv «^<tt»?
ajto-
Uov i-rr' ilioi, TO ayicvpwv avaa-TraaavTa<;
^Uiv. o U 'EpM^ ppahivu naXai. irape^vai
Uov Kevov 'yovv lirijBa-T&v, W opa?, eiTi to
avaTrejrXevKevai bv-
TTopdixdov rpU V^V r,',ti€pov
^ovXvtov ear,,., .;/xe.?
v/aevov Kal ax^^hv a^i^l
efiweTToXv/caf^ev. eira
hk oiieTrm oiBi i/BoXhv
&ri e>l paey/^lu ev rovroK
6 Il\oiro,v ei olBa
{,^o\v<rerai, Kal -ravra Trap aXXcp ov^v^ t^9
avco to AvSr)^
&a^ep T« SX\o, Kal airo, J.,9
iihcop 7re7ro)«i>9 ivaarpifai Trpo, vf^a, ^^^^'^'T
e'jrcSecKvvp.evo';
V T^iyo^^ ""«*
p[tei
Sce^ipx^rac
rhv Xvpov rbv avrov, ^
rdxa'nov Ka, KXf^'nemi
avr,,
i^ia r^hp avrov Ka,
o yevudSa, 7rape-keo>v
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY, OR
THE TYRANT
CHARON
Well, Clotho, we have had this boat all ship-shape
and thoroughly ready to sail for some time. The
water is baled out, the mast is set up, the sail is
hoisted in stops and each of the oars has a lanyard to
it, so that as far as I am
concerned there is nothing
to hinder our getting up anchor and sailing. But
Hermes is behind hand he should have been here
;
B 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Tcov T€)(y(ov. 6 5' ovv eXevOepidl^ei Trpo<; rj/xa^;,
KAnen
It 06 oioa<;, CO Xapcov, ec rt? aa')(o\ia irpoae- 2
'rrecrev avro), rod Aio<; eTrl irXeov heri6evT0<; airo-
')(^pr)aaa6aL 7rp6<; ra dvco Trpdy/iara; SecTTror?;? Be
/caK€2p6<; icTTiv.
XAPHN
'AXX' ov')(^ KXcoOol, irepa rov fxirpov
oicrre, co
KAnen
Mi-)K6Tt )ya\€7rai,v€, o) ^dpcov TrXrjatov yap
auTO? 0VT09, ft)9 6pa<;, 7roWou<; Tiva<i rjfxlv dycov,
fxaWov Be cocnrep ri aliroXiov dOpoov^ avrov<i rf]
pd/BBo) (TO^cov. dWa
tovto; BeBefievov riva iv
tl
avTOi<; Kal dWov yeKodVTa opM, eva Be riva Kal
TDJpav i^r}fjL/jLevov koI ^vXov iv rfj %e£/3t exovra,
.
eoLKa<^.
EPMH5
Tt h' dWo, M tovtovI tov aXiTrjpiov
KXcoeol, rj
\t7r6v6(o^ vfJ^iP
tiiroSpavra fieTahcoKcov oXtyov Selv
T7]fi€pov i<yev6fit]v;
KAnen
idTiv; Ti l3ov\6iJL€VO<; aireUhpaaKe;
Tt9 S' Tj
EPMH2
Toi^tI ix€V irpo^v'^ov, on ^i]v
fidWov i^o^vXero.
6'(jTt he ^aaiXeix; Ti9 V
Tvpavvo<;, airo yovv t(ov
Syv avaKcoKvei, iroWri^
rivo^ evhai-
ohvppiwv ical
/jLovia^; eaTeprjaOai
Xeywv.
KAnen
einpLMvai hv-
EI^' 6 ixdrato^ direhlhpaaKev,
co?
CLOTHO
Who is he, and what was his object in trying to
run away ?
HERMES
—
That's easy to see he preferred to live .He is a
king or a tyrant, to judge from his lamentations and
the waihng that he makes, in which he makes out
that lie has had great happiness taken away from
him.
CLOTHO
So run away, thinking that
the poor fool tried to
he could live longer, when the thread of life ap-
portioned to him had already run short ?
HERMES
Tried to run away, do you say ? Why, if this
splendid fellow, the one Avith the stick, had not
helped me and we had not caught and bound him, he
would have got clean away from us. You see, from
the moment Atropos turned him over to me he kept
straining and pulling back every inch of the way,
and as he braced his feet on the ground he was by
no means easy to lead sometimes, too, he would
;
KAnen
5 'HyLt€t9 he, ft) ^dpcov, oXiycopiav i]hr] rod 'Rpp,ov
KaTeyLvcoaKOfiev.
XAPHN
Tt ovv en hia/neXXo/Jiev ft)9 ou^ Ifcavrj^i tj/jLlv
y€y€V7)fjb€V7]<; hiaTpcl3r}<;;
KAnen
Eu Xeyecf;' epb^aLvercoaav, eyot) he 'TTpo')(etpLaa-
fievr] TO ^l/SXlov /cal irapd Tr]v diro^dOpav /caOe-
8
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
entrance, while I was counting the dead for Aeacus ^
as usual and he was comparing them with the tally
sent him by your sister, he gave us the slip somehow
or other, curse him, and made off. Consequently we.
were one dead man short in the reckoning, and
Aeacus raised his eyebrows and said '' Don't be too
:
CHARON
Well, why do we keep dilly-dallying as though we
had not had delay enough already.
CLOTHO
Right let them get aboard. I will hold the book
;
EPMH2
Tpia-
'l8ou aoi, ^ 7ropefiev,Tov apiO^ihv ovtol
KOCTioL fxera t^v eKiiQep^kvidV.
iJKSi, aycov.
^^^^^ ^ ^ ^
ein tov-
BovXeL, J) KXo^Ooi, to^9 uKXavarov^
'^
KAnen
ovrco Troiet tl yap
Toh<; y^povra^ Xiyec^;
vf^ec^Trapcre ,;^>;.
Tperd^ov/avTol v^ep e^n^ovra ra
^ov^e^vaj^evo^
riTovro; ovk iiraKOVOvai tovtov,
rdxa Ka.
ira iTrh r&v h^v. Sajae^
apdixevov Tiapayayelv.
EPMH2
Svelv Uovre, jerpaKoacoi
'l8ou irdX^v o5to.
^k^eipoi Kai ^aO copav rerpv-
TaKspol 7ra.T69 fcal
MSS.
lO
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
comes aboard I will see who he is, where he comes
from, and how he met his death you receive them,
;
HERMES
Here you three hundred of them,
are, ferryman,
including those that were abandoned.
CHARON
I say, what a rich haul ! It's green-grape dead
you have brought us.
HERMES
Clotho, do you want us to get the unmourned
aboard next ?
CLOTHO
You mean the old people ? Yes, for why should I
bother now to investigate what happened before the
flood ? ^ All of you who are over sixty go in now.
What's this ? They don't heed me, for their ears are
stopped with years. You will probably have to pick
them up and carry them in, too.
HERMES
Here you are again, three hundred and ninety-
eight, all tender and ripe and harvested in season.
CHARON
Good Lord, yes ! They're all raisins now !
CLOTHO
Bring in the wounded next, Hermes. (To the
dead) First tell me what deaths brought you
EPMH5
UdpeKTi"
koI 6
At' epoiTa avrov<; aTreacpa^av eirTu,
cJ)lX6(TO<Po^ Seajivi]^ St^
t^v iraipav rrjv Meya-
poOev.
EPMH2
OvTOLi TT\iri(JlOV.
KAnen
^aaiX€La<; vtt" dWrjXcov
IIoO §' ol irepl T7J9
aTTodavovres;
EPMH2
Uapecnda-LV.
KAnen
'O S' VTTO rov fjioixov f<:cd ^^'5? yvvaiKk ^ovev-
EPMH2
'Ihov cot irXrjaiOV.
KAnen
Tow? ifc BcKaarvpicov Sr^ra irapciyaye, \iyoJ
S'e T0U9 ifc rvfiTrdvou kuI tou? dveaKoXoTTLafxe-
8' VTTO XycTTMV diroOavovTe'^
eKKaioeKa
vov^. ol
TTOV eld IV y o) 'EpfMrj;
12
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
here —but no,I myself will refer to my papers and
CLOT no
Seven committed suicide for love, among them the
philosopher Theagenes for the courtesan from
Megara.^
HERMES
Right here beside you.
CLOTIIO
Where are the men who killed each other fighting
for the throne ?
HERMES
Here they stand.
CLOTHO
And the man who was murdered by his wife and
her lover ?
HERMES
There beside you.
CLOTHO
Now
bring in the output of the courts, I mean
those who died by the scourge and the cross. And
where are the sixteen who were killed by pirates,
Hermes ?
^ This man
can hardly be other than the Cynic of Patras
mentioned Passing of Perer/rimts, who died in the
in 7'Ae
reign of Marcus Anrelius. To be sure, Galen says he was
killed by his doctor (x, p. 909), but he may well have been
alive when Lucian wrote this.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
Udpeiaiv oWe ol rpavfiariai ou<; 6pa<;. ra? Se
yvvalfca^ afia jSovXei Trapaydyo);
KAnen
MaXtcrra, kol tou? aTTo vavaylcov ye afia- koX
yap TeOvacn^ tov 6/molov rpoirov. Kal rov<; cltto
Tov TTVperov Be, kol tovtov; afia, Kal tov Larpov
7 /x€t' avTcov ^Ayado/cXea. ttov S* 6 (^l\6(to^o<;
KTNI2K02
YiaXai (TOi irapeaniKa, w ^eXriaTr) KXcoOol.
TL Se dhiKqaavTa roaovrov eta? dvo)
p.6 tov
ypovov; a^e^bv yap oXov fJiOi tov aTpaKTOv eire-
rfv,
KXCIQD.
KTNI2K02
Ma AT, Tjv pLi-j TTporepov ye tovtovI tov BeSe-
p.evov ifjL^L^aacofMeda' BeBia ydp fiyj ere TrapaireLaTj
8e6/JLevo<i.
CLOTHO
By allmeans, and also those lost at sea, for they
died in the same way. And those who died of the
fever, bringthem in together, too, and their doctor
Agathocles along with them. Where is the philoso-
pher Cyniscus, who was to die from eating the
dinner of Hecate and the lustral eggs and a raw
^
squid besides ?
CYNISCUS
I have been standing at your elbow a long time,
kind Clotho. What have I done that you should leave
me on earth so long.^^ Why, you nearly ran off your
whole spindle for me In spite of that, I have often
!
15
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KAnen
^ep' tScO T69 icTTl.
KYNI2K02^
M€yaiT€V0r]^ 6 AaKvBov, Tvpavvo<;,
KAnen
MEFAPIENGHS ^ ^
KAnen
Tt Se eVrtz^ ov %a/?ti^ acpiKeaOat 6e\€L<;;
MErAnEN0H2
Trjv OLKiav ifcreXiaai, jjlol it
porepov iir it pey\roir
i)lJbi,re\r}<; yap 6 Softo?
KaToXeXuirrai,
KAnen
Kr]peh' aX\a e/Jb/Saive.
MErAnEN0H2 ^
MEFAnENQHS
"ATToXeirai ovv %/3i^o-o9 togovto^;
KAnen
OdppeL tovtov ye eWm* Me-
0{jK cWoXeXrai.
TrapaXyferai.
yaKX^l^ ydp avrhv 6 crh^; dveylnh^
EPM. vulg., MEF. Baar. Of. 3, end.
1 KYN. r :
16
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
CLOTHO
Come, let's see who he is.
CYNISCUS
Megapenthes,^ son of Lacydes, a tyrant.
CLOTHO
Aboard with you !
MEGAPENTHES
Oh no, good lady Clotho Do let me go back to
!
MEGAPENTHES
Let me finish my house first, for the building has
been left half-done.
CLOTHO
Nonsense Come, get aboard.
!
MEGAPENTHES
It's not much time
that I ask for, Lady of Destiny ;
let stay just this one day, till I can give my wife
me
directions about my money —
the place where I kept
my great treasure buried.
CLOTHO
It is settled ;
you can't be permitted.
MEGAPENTHES
Then is all that gold to be lost ?
CLOTHO
No, it will not be lost. Be easy on that score
your cousin Megacles will get it.
1 "Greatwoe."
VOL. II. C
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
MErAnEN0H2 , v , /i /
ov VTTO paOvfiia,
a T,'}^ v/Speco^' o ixOp6^,
eycoye ov ^poaireKreiva;
KAnen ,,
hi iii-Kviovri 67rK7<#>a?a?;
Ta Trai&ia
MErAnEN0H2
'AX\a vvv ifia v"-
KAnen ,
"-•<^^''" ^"'^"""^
'""""
I«^r.po. Xf*--
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
MEGAPENTHES
W^hat an outrage My enemy, whom I was too
!
MEGAPENTHES
But it was mine nov/.
CI.OTHO
Well, the term of your ownership has now expired .
MEGAPENTHES
Listen, Clotho, to something that I have to say to
you in private, with nobody else listening. (7o the
others) You people stand aside a moment. ( To ci.otho)
If you let me run away, I promise to give you a
thousand talents of coined gold to-day.
(LOTHO
What, you ridiculous creature, have you gold and
talents still on the brain }
MEGAPENTHES
And I'll give you also, if you wish, the two wine-
bowls that I got when I put Cleocritus to death :
19
c2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KAnen
''EX/^ere avrov eoiKe <yap ovk iTre/n^rjaeaOai
r]fUV €K(t)V.
MErAnEN0H2
M.apTvpo/jLai vfid<;, areXe? fievei to ret^o? fcal
ra vecopLw e^ereXeaa <yap av avra iiri/BLOv^i Trevre
ixova^ r)/jLepa(;.
KAnen
^AfjbeXrjaov dWo<; Tet%iet.
MErAnEN0H2
Kal
.ai '
fjirjv TovTO ye
-^ '
iravrayf; evyvco/xov alrcj,
KAnen
TVO «
TTOLOV;
MEFAnENQHS
Et? Toaovrov iirL^ioivai, p-ixpi' oiv viraydycofiat
ITicrtSa? ^ Kol AvBoL<; €7ri6co rov<;<^6pov<i koI fjuvrffxa
eavTU) irajjiiieyeOe'; avaaTrjaa^ iTrcypdyjrci) oiroaa
€7r pa^a fieyaXa /cat (TrparriyiKa irapa tov ^Lov.
KAnen
Ol'to?, ovKen [xiav y/nepav ravrrjv atret?, aXXh
a')(ehov ecKoaiv eroiv hiaTpi^rjV.
MErAnEN0H2
10 Kat ixr)v iyyvrjra'; vfuv €toi/jLO(; Trapaa^eaOai
TOV rd^ovf; koI t?}? eiravohov. el ^ovXecrde Be,
/cat avravBpov vjmv dvr efxavjov TrapaSoocra) tov
dyaiTT^Tov.
KAnen
^n fiiape, ov 7]V')(^ov iToWdKi<; virep 7^)9 Kara-
Xiirelv;
MErAnEN0H2
YidXai TavTa r^vy^o iJbrjv vvvl Be opo) to jSeXTtov,
^ riepcros y.
20
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
CLOTHO
Hale him oiF: it seems that he won't go aboard
willingly.
MEGAPENTHES
I callyou all to witness, the town wall and the
docks remain unfinished. I could have finished them
if I had lived only five days longer.
CLOTHO
Never mind someone else will build the wall.
;
MEGAPENTHES
But this request at all events is reasonable.
CLOTHO
What request ?
MEGAPENTHES
To long enough to subdue the Pisidians
live only
and subject the Lydians to tribute, and to build
myself a huge mausoleum and inscribe on it all the
great military exploits of my life.
CLOTHO
Why, man, you are no longer asking for this one
day, but for a stay of nearly twenty years !
MEGAPENTHES
But I tell am ready to give bail for my
you I
21
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KAHOn
''H^€t KaK€cv6<; aoi fxer 6\iyov viro tou vecoarl
l3acriX€voj'TO<; dvrjpi]/jLevo<;.
MErAnEN0H2
11 OvKOVV ci}\Xa TOVTO ye fjirj dvT€L7rr/<; co Alolpd
JjLOL.
KAnen
LO TTOiOV;
MErAnEN0H2
Yiiheuai ^ovkojxai ra yLter' e/xe ofTiva e^et rov
rpOTTOV.
KAHOn
jidWov yap dviacrrj ptaOcov.
*'Akov€' rrjv puev
yvvaiKa MtSa? o hov\o<i ^^€L, koI iraXaL he avri^v
ipLoi')(evev.
MErAnEN0H2
'O Kardparof;, ov iyoo ireiOopbevo'^ avrfj d(f)r]Ka
iXevOepov;
KAnen
*H Ovydrrjp Se aoi rat? irdWaKiai rov vvvl
TvpavvovvTO'^ eyKaraXeyijcreTar at €Ik6v€<s ^ Be
fcal dvSpidvTe<; 01)9 rj TroXi? dvecmjcre ctol irdXai
7rdvT€<i dvareTpapL/jievoi yeXcora irape^ovat rot?
OewpievoL^.
MErAnEN0H2
EtVe piOL, TMV (piXcov Be ovSel*; dyavaKTrjaet^
Tol'^ 8po)pLevoi,<;;
KAnea
Tt9 yap Tjv (TOi (f)LXo<;; rj eK rlvo'^ aiTia<; yevo-
pLCPO';; dypoec<; on 7ravTe<; ol /cat irpoaKwovvre^
fcal TWJ> Xeyopuevcov /cal TrparropLevcov e/caara eVai-
MEGAPENTHES
Curse him, I set him free at her request
CLOTHO
Your daughter be enrolled among the con-
will
cubines of the present tyrant, and the busts and
statues which tlie city long ago set up in 3'our
honour will all be ])ulled down and will make every-
one who looks at them laugh.
MEGAPENTHES
Tell me, will none of my friends get angry at these
doings ?
CLOTHO
Why, what friend did you have, and how did you
make him f Don't you know that all those who
bowed the knee and praised your every word and
deed did so either from hope or from fear^ being
23
;
MEFAnENeHS
Kal fJLTjv (TirevSovre^ iv T0t9 avfnroaloL^ fieyaXr)
TTj (j)(ovfj eiTijvxovro fiOL TToWa
Kol aya6d, irpo-
diroOavelv €KaaTO<; avrcov 6Toifio<;, el olov re ehar
KOl oXo)?, opfco^ avTOt<; rjv eyo).
KAnen ^ ^ ^
heiiTvr](ja<; aire-
avTwv
ToLjapovv Trap" evl
x<969
Oaver TO jap TeXevralov aoc irielv evexOev eKelvo
Bevpl KareiTefJiylre ae.
MErAnEN0H2 ^ ^
KAnen
TLoXkd fie dvaKpLvei^, ififSrivaL Uov,
MErAnEN0H2
12 "Ej^ yLte TTVijei fiaXiara, w K\(d6oI, ht oirep
eiToOovv KCiV^ irpo^ oXlyov k to </)W9 dva/cvfat
TToKiV.
KAnen
Tt he TOVTO eariv; eoLfce yap ti irafifieyeOe^
elvai.
MErAnEN0H2
KapiCJV 6 e>09 olK6Tr]<; eVel rdx^cTrdfAe a-TTO-
24
o
CLOTH
Consequently, you died after dining with one of
them yesterday it was that last drink he gave you
:
25
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
^rjy—Kal TrdXat 5e, olfMat, KeKOLVWvrjKecrav —
Trapa^a'yoiv i7ncnTa(Td/Ji€vo<^ rrjv Ovpav iairoSei
inel
fcal -yfrvxpo^ ^^- '^^^^'^
V P't^ctpa he iraLhicnc-q^
^fr6^ov irpocTiovTwv rtvcov yorOero, cneXcp XP^aaaa
Tov^ 6(pOa\fjiov^ &)9 hafcpvcxaaa eV^ ifiou,
kwkv-
ovo-a Koi Tovvofia einKaXov ixevr) aTrrjWdrTeTO.
oiv el \al3oi/JLr]v
—
KAfien
Vi UavauL direikojv, dWa e>/3r?^f fcaipo^ rjhv
MErAnEN0H2
Kal Tk d^LcoaeL Kar dvhpk rvpdvvov ylrrjcpov
XajSelv;
KAnen
Kara rvpavvov ovhek, fcard vefcpov he o
fiev
Kal
'Vahdfiavdv^, ov avTifca o-^ei fidXa hUaiov ^
Kar d^iav eTrniOevja efcdarcp ttjv hUrjv' to he
vvv ex^v P^h hidrpLpe.
MErAnEN0H2
Kdv IhicoTTiv p.e irotrjaov, o) Motpa, tmv tt€-
MEGAPENTHES
And who will dare to pass judgement on a tyrant?
CI.OTHO
On a tyrant, no
one, but on a dead man,
Rhadamanthus. You shall soon see him impose on
every one of you the sentence that is just and fits the
case. No more delay now ]
MEGAPENTHES
Make me even common man. Lady of Destiny,
a
one of the poor people make me even a slave instead
;
27
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KAnen
oi; cTTti^ o TO ^v\ov; Kai crv o€, w hip/jur),
€KCOV.
EPMH5
"Ettou i^O^*, Spairera' Se^ov tovtov av, TTOpOfxev,
Kul TO Setpa,^ oTTft)? dcr(l)a\cb<; —
XAPHN
AfiiXet-, 7r/309 To^' larbv SeSycreTai.
MEFAnENQHS
Kat /Ar/i' eV rfj irpoehpia KaOe^eaOai /xe Sel.
KAnen
''Ot^ tl;
MErAnEN0H2
''Ot^, vt] Ala, rvpavvo<=; tjv /cal hopv^6pov<; elx^v
[xvpiovs.
KTNI5K02
EIt' ov TraperiWev 6 K^apucov ovtwgX
Si/catcof; ere
CLOTHO
For what reason ?
MEGAPENTHES
Because I was a tyrant, God knows, and had a
regiment of guardsmen.
CYNISCUS
Then wasn't
Cario justified in pulling your hair, if
you were such a lout ? But you'll get small joy of
your tyranny if I give you a taste of my club !
MEGAPENTHES
What, make bold to shake his staff
will a Cyniscus
at me ? Did not come within an ace of tricing you
I
up to a cross the other day because you were too
free-spoken and sharp-tongued and censorious ?
CYNISCUS
That is why you yourself will stay triced up to
the mast.
MICYLLUS
Tell me, Clotho, do you people take no account at
all of me ? Is it because I am poor that I have to
get aboard last ?
29
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KAnen
Av be Tt9 ei;
MIKYAA02
'O a/cvT0T6/jL0<; M.lkv\Xo<;.
KAnen
Klra ci')(6r) /SpaSvvoyp; ov)(^ 6pa<; oirocra 6 rvpav-
vo^ virKJ^veiTai hooaeLV a^e^et? irpo^ 6\i<yov;
6av/jia yovv €)(et fie, el [irj ayaTrrjrij /cat aol r)
^laTpi^r],
MIKTAA02
"AKOvaov, 0) l3e\TLaT7] M.oip(ov- ov irdvv fjue rj rov
K.vfc\(O7T0(; eKeivq evc^paivei Scoped, vTTi,a)(i>e2adai
OTL " TTv/jiaTOv Tov OvTLv /CUT eBo fiat, ^^' dv re
iyci)
30
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
CLOTHO
And who are you ?
MICYLLUS
The cobbler Micyllus.
CLOTHO
So you are aggrieved at having to wait? Don't
you see how much the tyrant promises to give us
if we will let him go for a little while? Indeed,
it surprises me that you are not equally glad of the
delay,
MICYLLUS
Listen, kind Lady of Destiny ; I have no great
liking for such gifts as the famous one of the
Cyclops, —to be promised *^*^ril eat Noman last of all." ^
In truth, be it first, be it last, the same teeth are in
waiting. Besides, my position is not like that of the
rich ; our lives are poles apart, as the saying goes.
Take the tyrant, considered fortunate his whole life
long, feared and admired by everybody ; when he
came to leave all his gold and silver and clothing and
horses and dinners and handsome favourites and
beautiful women, no wonder he was distressed and
took it hard to be dragged away from them. Some-
how or other the soul is limed, as it were, to things
like these and will not come away readily because
it has been cleaving to them long indeed, the ties
;
31
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KOI axTTrep ol BvaepcoTef} kclv iroppooOev aTro/SXeTreiv
Ta iv Tft) (^(otI ^ovXovTao, ola 6 iJidraiof; iKelvo<^
iiroLei Kol irapa rrjv o8ov airohihpdaKwv KavTavdd
15 ere KaraXcirapcov. iyoo Be are fnjSev e%ct)z^ eVe%u-
pov iv T& ^L(p, ovK dypov, ov avvoLKiav, ov 'X^pvaoVy
ov (JK€vo^, ov ho^av, OVK elfcova^;, sIkotco^ ev^wvo^
rjv, KccTreiSr} pLovov rj "At/jotto? evevcre p.0L, dcrp.evo<;
aTToppi'^a'; ttjv crp^iXijv koX to Kdrrvp^a — Kprjirlha
yap TLva iv ralv ')(epolv el'xpv — dva7r7]Srj(Ta<; €vdv<;
dvvTToSrjTOf; ovSe ttjv p^eXavTrjpcav dTrovLy\rdpievo<;
eiiTop^T^v, p^dXXov 8e rjyovp.rjv, e? to Trpoaco opcov ov-
Bev ydp p,€ Toiv KaToiriv iiredipe^e /cat p^ereKdXei,
KoX vr) Al ijBr) KaXa rd Trap vpZv irdvTa opo)' to t€
ydp laoTLpbiav diraaiv elvai, /cat /j,7]Beva rod irXr^aiov
Bia<pepeLv, vTrepijBiarov ipol yovv Bokcl. refcp^aupo-
p,aL Be pLTjB^ dirairelaOai, rd XP^^ tou9 6(f}eiXovTa<;
ivravOa pLYjBe (f)6pov<; viroTeXelv, to Be p^eyiGTOVy
p,7]Be puyovv rod ^e^yttwi^o? firjBe voaelv firjB^ virb
roiv Bvvarcorepcov pairi^eaOai. elprjvr) Be irdcn kol
IT paypara 69 to ep^iraXiv dvearpap^pieva' rjpuel^ puev
ol irevrjTe'^ yeXodpuev, dvcMvrat Be Kal olp^co^ovaiv
ol irXovcnoL.
KAnen
IG TidXai ovv ere, co M.lkvXX€, yeXoivra ecopcov. t[
B^ Tjv 6 ere puaXLara iKivei yeXdv;
MIKYAA02
"Akovo-ov, ft) TLp^iwraTrj p,oc decov TrapoiKcov dvca
T(p Tvpdvvcp ^ irdvv dKpi,^(o<; ecopcov ra ycyvop^eva
Trap' avTcp /cat, pot, iBo/cet rore leroOeo^ t^9 elvar
TTJf; re ydp 7rop(f)vpa<; to dv6o<^ opcov ip,aKdpL^ov,
Kal TOiV aKoXovdovvTeov to ttXtjOo^^ Kal tov
1 T^ rvpdfVff) Fi'itzsche •
'rvpdvyct) MSS.
32
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
gaze, even from afar^ at things in the world of light.
That is what yonder poor fool did, who not only ran
away on the road but heaped you with entreaties
when he got here. But as for me, having nothing at
stake in life, neither farm nor tenement nor gold
nor gear nor reputation nor statues, of course I was
in marching order, and when Atropos did but sign to
me I gladly flung away my knife and my leather (I
was working on a sandal) and sprang up at once and
followed her, barefooted as I was and without even
washing off the blacking. In fact, I led the way,
with my eyes to the fore, since there was nothing in
the rear to turn me about and call me back. And
by Heaven I see already that everything is splendid
here with you, for that all should have equal rank
and nobody be any better than his neighbour is
more than pleasant, to me at least. And I infer that
there is no dunning of debtors here and no paying of
taxes, and above all no freezing in winter or falling
ill or being thrashed by men of greater consequence.
VOL. II.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
')(^pv(Tov kgX ra XiOoKoWqTa e/CTraj/xara koX Ta?
icXiva^ ra? apyvpoiroha^- en Se /cal rj Kvlaa rj
Twv afC€va^o/ji6vcov eh to helirvov aireKvaik fie,
35
d2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
MIKYAA02
ASi/C€t^, o) ^apcov, €G)\ov I'-jhr] ve/cpov airo-
\i\iiTavwv' cLfieKei 'ypay^ofxai ce irapavofiwv iirl
Tov 'VahafjbdvOvo^. ol/xol tcop fca/cwv -JjSi]
ovTco ae hiekOelv,
MIKTAA02
Kat [ir)v Lcrco<; vficjv /cal TrpoKaTa')(6r}(TOfiai.
KAnen
M7;Sa/A&)9, dWa TT poaeXdaavTe^; dvd\d^(o/jL€v
avTov /cal av, m *^pfjbrj, avvavdcnracrov.
XAPHN
19 Tiov vvv /caOeSetTat; jxeciTa yap jrdvTa, co?
6pa<;.
EPMH2
*E7rt Tov<; w/xoi;?, et So/cet, tov Tvpdvvov,
KAP.en
KaXw? 6 'EipjjLi]<^ evev6i]aev»
36
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
CLOTHO
Get aboard, so that the ferryman can haul the
anchor up.
CHARON
Hi, fellow Where are you going so f;ist ? The
!
that way.
MICVLLUS
See here, perhaps I'll beat you to the shore.
CLOTHO
No, no Come, let's row up and take him in.
I
37
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XAPHN
'kvd/Satve ovv kol tov revovra tov akirrjpiov
KaraTrdrer r^fiel^ he evirXooy^ev.
KYNI2K02
^fl XdpcDV, Kokm ra? ^ aXr]6eia<;
e%€t (TOi
^
XAPHN
"E/)6TT6- Ka\ tovtI ycip Uavov irapa aov
\aBelv.
KYNI2K05
'^H Kal viroKeXevaai herjaei;
XAPflN
N^ Ata, ^'tvirep elhfi<; Kekevaiid re rwv vavri-
fCMV.
KYNI2K02
Olha fcal TToWd, w Xdpo)V.^ d\\\^6pa^, avr-
eTrrjxovatv ovtol haKpvovrer wcrre r^pTiv to aap^a
NEXPOI
20 Oi>oi T&)V KTr]/jLdTcov. — OifJiOi TMV aypwv.—
ra-
'OttotoI, Tr]v ol/ciav oluv diTe\i7rov.—"Oaa^
\avTa K\7]pov6fjbo^ airadrjcreL irapaXa^ayv —
Mai TMV veoyvwv /jlol Traihiwy. —
Tt9 dpa Ta<^
dpuTTeXov^ Tpvyrjcjei, a9 irepvcJLV ecpvTevadfxrjv;
Cf. Charon 1.
38
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
CHARON
Climb up, then, and set your feet on the sinner's
neck. Let's go on while the wind is fair.
CVNISCUS
Charon, I may you the truth here and
as well tell
now. I shan't be able to pay you your obol when
we come to land, for I have nothing more than the
wallet which you see, and this club here. However,
I am ready either to bale, if you like, or to row ; you
CYNISCUS
Shall I strike up a song, too ?
CHARON
Yes, by all means, ifyou know any of the sailors'
chanties.
CYNISCUS
I know plenty of them, Charon but as you see, ;
THE DEAD
(one) Alas,wealth my
(another) Alas, my
!
farms '.
39
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
MUvWe, ovSev olfi(o^€L<;; koI
(TV S' f^rjv ov
6€/jll<; dSa/cpurl ^LairXevaai riva.
MIKTAA02
"Airaye- ovSev eariv icj)' oro) av oljxw^ai^ii^
exjirXooiv.
EPMH2
"OyLtW9 KCiV fJLLKpOV TL €? TO eOo^ 6TTLaTeva^0V.
MIKTAi\02
Ol/jLco^o/jLai, Toivvv, eireLhrj, o) 'Epfjirj, (Jol Sofcet.
HERMES
Enough weeping ; we are almost in now.
CHARON
Come, now, pay us your fares, all of you, the first
thing you do, (Zb micyllus) You there, pay yours
too 1 have it from everybody now.
; I say, Micyllus,
pay your obol too.
micyllus
You're joking, Charon, or if not, you might as well
write in water as look for an obol from Micyllus. I
haven't the slightest idea whether an obol is round
or square.
CHARON
What a fine, profitable cruise this has been to-day !
41
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
aiTo^aiveTe 6' o/ao)?- €70) he lttttov^ koI pov<; fcal
Kvva<; fcal ra Xolttcl fwa fiereifir hiaifXevcai ^ap
rfhri KOLKelva hel.
KAfien
"Airaye avTOV<;, o) 'E/q/xt), TrapaXaScov 670; Be
avri] eV to avTLirepa^; avairXevaovpiaL 'ivho-ndTrjv
KOI 'Hpa/xi6pvv Tou? tripa<; hid^ovaa' reOvdcri
ryap Brj 77^009 dWrjXwv nepl 77)9 opoav fiaxof^evoi.
EPMH2
Upotcofiev, o) ovTor p^aXKov he iravre^ effy9
eiredOe pboi.
MIKTAA02
22 'WpcLKXei^i, rov ^ocpov. iroy vvv 6 fcaXo^
^Vl ^
hoKel, Pahii^wpbev.
MIKYAA02
Eu Xeyeir e>^a\e p.oi tt]v he^cdv^. elrre p.01,
eVeXecT 6*779 ydp, w ILvviaKe, hrjXov on, ra
'Ekev-
alvia—ovx op^oca to2<; e/cel ra evddhe gov hoKet;
KTNI2K02 ^ ^
- irpoaepxeTat hahovxovaa
Ev Xe7€t9- Ihov yovv
1 t4<ds Cobet : irpoT^pov rews MSS.
' yovv Fritzsche ; olv MSS.
42
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
Ashore with you, all the same. I am going after
horses and cattle and dogs and the rest of the animals,
for they have to cross now.
CLOTHO
Take them in charge, Hermes, and lead them off.
CYNISCUS
Right you are ; indeed, here comes a woman with
43
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Tf9 (j)o^€pov Ti KOi a7reLK7)TLKov IT poa ^XeiTOvaa, rj
PAAAMAN0T2
AeOyo' iXOe /cat tt/jcoto? eh rrjv Slktjv KaTdartjOi,
(JV Be 7Tpo(TKd\eL tov^ KaTrjyopov<i.
44
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
a torch, who looks very fierce and threatening. Do
an Erinys ^
you suppose it is ?
MICYLLUS
Probably, to judge from her appearance.
HERMES
Take these people in charge, Tisiphone, a thousand
and four.
TISIPHONE
Indeed, Rhadamanthus here has been awaiting
you this long time.
RHADAMANTHUS
Bring them before me, Erinys. Be crier, Hermes,
and summon them by name.
CYNISCUS
Rhadamanthus, in the name of Zeus your father
I beseech you to have me up first and judge me.
RHADAMANTHUS
For what reason ?
CYNISCUS
Come what may, I wish to prosecute a certain tyrant
for the wicked deeds that I know him to have done
in life, and I cannot expect to be believed when I
speak unless I first make it plain what sort of man I
am and w hat sort of life I led.
RHADAMANTHUS
Who are you }
CYNISCUS
Cyniscus, your worship, by profession a philosopher.
RHADAMANTHUS
Come here and be tried first. Call the plaintiffs.
45
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
24 . Et Tf9 KvviaKOV tovtovI Karrjyopei, Sevpo
TTpOaLTCO.
KTNI2K02
Ou^et? irpoaepxerai.
PAAAiyiAN0T2
'AW' LKavov TOVTO, 0) KvvlaKe' airohvOt
ov')(^
PAAAMAN0Y2
'OiToaa civ Tt? uyLicoz^ TTovqpa ipydarjrai irapa
Tov jBlov, Ka6' e/cacTTOv avrcov ac^avrj aTiy/jLara
iirl rrj^ '^^XV^ irepLcpepeL.
KTNI2K02
^iSov (70 L yvfJLVO<^ irapeajriKa' oycJTe ava^t'jrei
ravra airep av ^r;? ra ariyixaTa,
PAAAMAN0T2
}La6apo<; ovtoctI ttXtjv tovtcov rpicjv
co? eTTiTrav
KTNI2K02
*Eiyd) <JOi irdXai 7TOV7)po<^ hC diraiSev-
(ppdcro)'
alav y€v6fievo<^ Kal TroWd Sia rovro 6'/x7roX?/cra9
(Triyfiara, iTreiSij rd^i^ara (j)L\oao<^elv rjp^djjLi^p
fcar oXiyov uTrdaa'i ra<i /CTjXlSa'i €k t/}9 '^v^V^
d7r€Xovad/jL7]v.
46
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
HERMES
If any one has charges to prefer against this man
CyniscuSj let him come this way.
CVNISCUS
No one comes.
RHADAMANTHUS
But that isnot enough, Cyniscus strip yourself,
:
RHADAMANTHUS
For every wicked deed that each of vou has done
in his life he bears an invisible mark on his soul.
CYNISCUS
Here I am naked, so seek out the marks you
mention.
RHADAMANTHUS
The man altogether free from marks, except for
is
47
;
PAAAMAN0Y5
it? 06 cov rvy')(^aveL<;
MIKYAA05
'O (TKVTOTOpLO^ M//CfXXo9.
PAAAMAN0T5
El* ye, CO M.LKvW€, /caOapo^; dKpL/3cb<; koX dv-
e7Tiypa(^o<^' airiOi koI av irapa YLvviaKov tovtovL
Tov Tvpavvov '^St] irpoaKdXii.
EPMH2
yieyairevOrjf; AaKvSov rjKirco. irol (Trpe<^ij;
TTpoaiOi. ere rov rvpavvov TrpoafcaXco. Trpo/SaX^
avTov, CO TLcri(f)6v7], e? to piecrov eirl rpd')(^r)Xov
oaOovaa.
PAAAMAN0T2
^v Se, CO K.vviaK6, Kar^jyopec fcal SL6X€y)(^e 7]S7i'
TrXrjaLOV yap dvrjp ^ ovtoctl.
KTN12K02
26 To oXov ovhe Xoycov eSer yvway yap avrov
piev
avTLKa pudXa ol6<; eariv diro rcov aTiyp^arcov.
opLO)^ Be AcauTO? aTro/caXvylrco aoL tov dvSpa xd/c rod
Xoyov Sei^o) (f)av6p(orepov. ovroal yap 6 rpiafcard-
^
avrip Sommei'brodt : autjp, 6 av}}p MSS.
48
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
RHADAMANTHUS
At any he made use of a cure that is sound
rate
and very efficacious. W^ell, go your way to the Isles
of the Blest to live with the good, but first prosecute
the tyrant you spoke of. Hermes, summon others.
MICVLLUS
My case alsoa trifling one and needs but a short
is
RHADAMANTHUS
Who are you ?
MICVLLUS
The cobbler Micyllus.
RHADAMANTHUS
Good, Micyllus, you are quite clean and unmarked-
Be off and join Cyniscus there. Call the tyrant now.
HERMES
Let Megapenthes, son of Lacydes, come this way.
Where are you turning to ? Come here It is you I
I
RHADAMANTHUS
Cyniscus, open your prosecution and state your
case now, for here is the man.
CYNISCUS
On the whole, there is no need of words you ;
49
VOL. II. B
,
51
F 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
PAAAMAN0T5
27 Tfc 7rpb<; ravra cj)7]<;, o) fjutape av;
MErAnEN0H2
Tou? <^6vov<; elpyadfjuaL ov^ Xeyei, ra 3'
fjbev
EPMH2
'H K.\Lvr) fcal 6 Av^i^of; 6 MeyairevOov^; irapecr-
Tcov.^ ev ye eTroirjaav vTraKovaavTe^,
PAAAMAN0Y2
EtTrare ovv v/jl6i^ a avpLare MeyaTrivOet rovro)'
TTporepa Be av rj KXtvr] \eye.
KAINH
Udvra dXrjOrj KaTrjyoprjae I^vvlctko^. iyo) fievTot
ravra elirelv, &> SicTTrora Pa8d/iav0v, ala")(yvop,ai'
TOiavra r)v a eV epov SieTrpdrrero.
PAAAMAN0T2
Sa^ecTTara pev ovv KajapbapTvpeh p^rjBe el-
irelv avrd viTopbevovcra. Kal av Se 6 Av)(^vo<; rjSr]
p^apTvpei.
^ TTap€(rrojv Cobet : napfarw MSS.
52
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
RHADAMANTHUS
What have you to say to this,you villain ?
MEGAPENTHES
The murders which he speaks of I did commit,
but in all —
the rest of it the intrigues, the outrages
against boys and the injuries to girls —
in all that
Cyniscus has maligned me.
CYNISCUS
Then for that too, Rhadamanthus, I shall produce
you witnesses.
RHADAMANTHUS
Whom do you mean ?
CYNISCUS
Hermes, please summon up his lamp and his bed,
for they will appear in person and testify to the
things that they know he has done.
HERMES
Bed and Lamp of Megapenthes, appear. . .
53
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
AYXN02
'E7cb ra /xed' Tjjjbepav fiev ov/c elSov ov yap
TTaprjV' a he twv vv/croyv eVotei koI eiraa'Xj^v,
o/cvM \eyeiv' TrXrjv aWa ye iroWa
ideacrd/jLrjv
KOi apprjTa fcal iraaav v/3pLV virepTTeiraLKora, Kai-
TOL 7ToWd/CL^ eKcov TouXaiov ovK eiTLvov diToa^r]vai
OeXcov 6 Be /cat Trpoarjye fie rot? Spco/jLevoL^; koX to
(^W9 fMov irdvra rpoirov Kare/jilaLvev.
PAAAMAN0T2
28 '
AX/9 r/S?; TMV /jLaprvpwv. dWa /cal diroBvOi rrjv
TTOpcpvpiSa, Lva TOP dpiOfjiov iBco/jLev tmp arcyfidrcov.
iraTTai, 6\o<; ovto<; TreXiSvo'^ koI Kardypacpo^, jjloK-
Xov Se Kvdveo^ ecmv dirb tmv aTLyfidrcov. rlva av
ovv KoXaaOeLT] Tpoirov; dp e? rbv HvptcpXeyeOovrd
iariv €fjL/3Xr]Teo(; rj 7rapa8oTeo<; rfo K.epffep^;
KTNI2K02
M.7]8a/jbct)<i' dXX el OeXei.<;, eyco ctol Katvrjv rwa
/cal TTpeirovaav avrw Ttfioapiav vTroOTJao/xat,.
PAAAMAN0T2
A €76, ft)9 eyco (TOL /jbeyLarrjv eVt tovtco %a/)ti^
ec (TO fiat.
KTNI2K02
"E^o? icTTLVy ol/jiai, rot? diroOvridKovGL irdcn
TTivetv TO Ar)6rj<; vScop.
PAAAMAN0T2
Udvv jxev ovv.
KTNI2K02
OvKovv fiovof; ouTo? ef dirdvTcov diroro^ edTco,
PAAAMAN0T5
54
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
LAMP
did not see what happened by day, for I was
I
not there, and what went on at night I am loth to
say I Avitnessed many things, however, that were
;
RHADAMANTHUS
Speak out ; I shall be most grateful to vou for
it.
CYNISCUS
customary, I believe, for
It is all the dead to drink
the water of Lethe ?
RHADAMANTHUS
Certainly.
CYNISCUS
Then let this man be the only one not to drink
it.
RHADAMANTHUS
Why, pray ?
55
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KTNI2K02
XaXeTrrjv ovrax; {x^e^eirr^v BUvv f^€fMvr)fj.6V0^
oh^
avWy Kal^avaTrefMTra^o-
Tjv Kol oaov rjSvvaro ev T0t9
56
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
CYNISCUS
He willpay a bitter penalty in that way, by
remembering what he was and how much power
he had in the upper world, and reviewing his life
of luxury.
RHADAMANTHUS
Good !Let sentence stand in that form, and let
the fellow be taken off and put in fetters near
Tantalus, to remember what he did in life.
57
ZEUS CATECHIZED
Cyniscus interviews Zeus on predestination and free will,
and on the raison dj'etre of the gods. The dialogue is
written from the Cynic standpoint against the Stoics, and is
one of those showing Menippean induence. It stands in
somewhat the same relation to the Icaromenippus as the
Downward Journey to the Menij^pus.
ZET2 EAErXOMENOS
KTNI2K02
*Ey(i) Se, CO Zed, ra
fjuev roiavra ovk ivo')(\,r)GO}
KYNI5K05
'Ihov TavTa, &> ZeO- dviyvco^; yap SyXov otl Kal
av TCL 'OpLTjpov fcal ^HaioSov iroujp.aTa' elire ovv
fjbOL el akijdi] icTTiv a irepl t?)? El/jiap/jievr}<^ /cal
60
ZEUS CATECHIZED
CVNISCUS
But, Zeus, I for my part won't annoy you that
way by asking for wealth or gold or dominion,
which are, it seems, very desirable to most people,
but not very easy for you to give at any rate I ;
ZEUS
What is it, Cyniscus ? You shall not be disap-
pointed, especially if your request is reasonable, as
you say it is.
CVNISCUS
Answer me a question it isn't hard.
;
ZEUS
Your prayer is indeed trivial and easy to fulfil ;
KTNI2K02
OvKovv oTTorav 6 ai^ro? " O fxr] po'=i ev erepo) jxepei
KTNI2K02
'AWa TOVTO piev ovrco (fyyjao/jiev. ere 8e KaKelvo
piOL aTTOKpLvai' ov rpel'^ al M.OLpal elai, KXcoOco
Kul Ad^eai<;, olpuai, /cal "Arpoiro^;
Z£T5
Udpv puev ovp.
62
ZEUS catechizp:d
ZEUS
There is nothing which
It is really quite true.
the Fates do not dispose on the contrary, every-
;
63
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KTN12K02
3 'H Elfiapfievv roivvv koX t) Tyxv—'^o\vOpv-
\7]T0L yap Tjdvv kol avrai, rive^ ttot ^ elalv —
TV BvvaraL avrcov ifcarepa; iroTepov ja
rj
taa
Tal<; Molpat,^ rj ri /cal virep ifceiva^;; olkovco yovv
^^~
airdvTwv Xeyovrcov, pLr)hev elvai ^VXH'^ '^^'^
/jLapfjL6V7]<; Svvarcorepov.
ZET2
Ov OefiL^ aTravrd ere elhevai, w Kwidfce- rivo^
3' ovv evefca r)pcorr;(Ta<; to irepl tmv Moipwv;
KTNI2K02
4 irporepov /jlol,
''Hz; w Zev, /caKelvo elir^^, el fcal
vfiMV avTUL apxovcTL teal dvdyKr) vpZv rjpTrjaOai
64
ZEUS CATECHIZED
CVNISCUS
Well then^ how about Destiny and Fortune?
They are also very much talked of. Who are they,
and what power has each of them ? Equal power
with the Fates, or even somewhat more than they ?
I hear everyone saying that there is nothing more
powerful than Fortune and Destiny.
ZEUS
It is not permitted you to know everything, Cynis-
cus. But why did you ask me that question about
the Fates ?
CYNISCUS
Just tell me something else first, Zeus. Are you
gods under their rule too, and must you needs be
attached to their thread ?
ZEUS
We must, Cyniscus. But what made you smile ?
CYNISCUS
I happened to think of those lines of Homer in
which he described you making your speech in the
assembly of the gods, at the time when you threat-
ened them that you would hang the universe upon a
cord of gold. You said, you know, that you would
let the cord down from Heaven, and that the other
gods, if they liked, might hang on it and try to
pull you down, but would not succeed, while you,
whenever you chose, could easily draw them all up,
"and the earth and the sea along with them." ^ At
that time it seemed to me that your power was won-
derful, and I shuddered as I heard the lines ;but I
see now that in reality you yourself with your cord
and your threats hang by a slender thread, as you
1 Iliad 8, 24.
65
VOL. II.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
fxevov. Sofcec yovv KXcoOo)
/xoc hifcaioTepov civ rj
e7rLTV')(elv.
ZET2
6 Olha oOev crot rd Kopu'^^d ravra epcor^/jLard
eaTLV, rrapd tmv /carapdrcov (TO(^L(JT(hv, ol firjSe
irpovoetv rjpid^ rcov dvO pcoircov (^aaiv e/celvoL yovv
TO. TOLavra epcorcocTLv vir* dae/Seta^y diroTpeTTOVTe^i
/cal Tov<; dX\ov(; 6veiv /cal ev')(e(TOai co? el/catov
ov r}pid<; ydp ovr eTTifieXelcrOai tcov irpaTTOfievoyv
Trap vfuv ov6^ oXa)9 tl hvvaaOai 7rpo<^ ra ev rfj
yfj TTpdypLara.
ttXtjv ov %aiyo?;(TOt'cr6 ye ra roi-
avra Sie^iovre';.
KYNI2K02
Ov p.d TOV T?}? K.\co6ov<; aTpa/cTOV, (o Zev, ov^
VTT e/celvwv dvaTreiaOei^ TavTa ere ypooTijaa, 6 he
66
ZEUS CATECHIZED
admit. In fact^ I think that Clotho would have a
better right to boast, inasmuch as she holds you,
even you, dangling from her spindle as fishermen
hold fish dangling from a rod.
ZEUS
I don't know what you are driving at with these
questions.
CYNISCUS
This, Zeus —
and I beg you by the Fates and by
Destiny not to hear me v*ith exasperation or anger
when I speak the truth boldly. If all this is so, and
the Fates rule everything, and nobody can ever
change anything that they have once decreed, why
do we men sacrifice to you gods and make you great
offerings of cattle, praying to receive blessings from
you ? I really don't see what benefit we can derive
from it is impossible for ustlirough
this precaution, if
our prayers either to get what is bad averted or to
secure any blessing whatever by the gift of the gods.
ZEUS
I know where you get these clever questions—
from the cursed sophists, who say that we do not
even exert any providence on behalf of men. At
any rate they ask questions like yours out of
impiety, and dissuade the rest from sacrificing and
praying on the ground that it is silly for we, they
;
67
F 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XG709 avTO<^ ovK OX'S oiTfjd'^ riyClv irpoloiv el<; tovto
aTre^T], Trepirrai; eivac Ta<; Ovaia<;. avdi^ h\ el
B0K6L, Sia (3 pa')(^e(ji)v iprjo-ojjLai ae, av Be fir) 6k-
vrjcrrjf; airoKpivaadaL, koI ottoj? aacfyaXearepov
aTTOKpivfj.
ZET5
'Epcora, eX ctgl a')(o\r] ra roiavra Xrjpeiv.
KTNI2K02
Tidvra 0^9 eK tmv Mocpcov yiyveaOai,;
ZET2
^t]/A yap.
KTNI5K02
'T/jllv Be Bvvarov aWdrreiv ravra fcal dva-
KXcoOeiv;
ZET5
OvBa/jLCi)<s,
KTNI2K02
l^ovXec ovv iiraydyo) /cal to pLCTa tovto, ?;
KYXI2K02
^I/cavbv /cal tovto, el /cal av ^^9 eVt p^rjBevl
'^pTjaL/jLO) yiyveaOai Ta<; dvaia^, evyvco/ioavvrj Be
TtVl TCOV dvOpCOTTCOV TI/jLCOVTCOV TO ^eXTLOV. /CaiTOL
et Ti9 Tcoz^ (jo(^i(JTO)v i/cetvcov Traprjv, ypeTO dv ere
68
ZEUS CATECHIZED
itwent on led somehow or other to the conckision
that sacrifices are superfluous. But if you have no
objection I will question you briefly once more. Do
not hesitate to answer, and take care that your
answer is not so weak.
ZEUS
Ask, if you have time for such nonsense.
CYNISCUS
You say that all things come about through the
Fates ?
ZEUS
Yes, I do.
CYNISCUS
And is it possible for you to change them, to un
spin them ?
ZEUS
Not by any means.
CYNISCUS
Then do you want me to draw the conclusion or is
ZEUS
It is patent, of coursebut those who sacrifice do
;
69
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
avTai<^ SecTTrolvaif; Tal<^ ^lolpaif; Tarrofievov;.
ov yap oLTro^pijcrei avTol<; to aOavdrov^ elvai, (09
hi avTo dfieLVOv<^ SoKecv iirel tovto ye p^arcpw
yelpov iariVy elye tou9 p-ev fcdv 6 Odvajo^ eh
iXevOepiav d^eiXero, vp.lv Se eh direLpov ifCTTLTrrei
TO irpayp^a koX dthio^; 77 BovXela ylverat viro
p^aKpo) T(p \iv(p arpecpopLevi].
ZET2
\W\\ o) K.vvL(T/ce, TO diSi,ov TOVTO KoX diTetpov
€v8aip,ov r]pXv icTTL kol iv drraaiv dyaOoh rjp^eh
^iovpiev.
KYNI5K02
Ov^ aTravTe^;, w Zev, dWdBtcopiarai kol irap
vp,lv TO TTpaypba kol iroWrj Tapa')(r) eveaTr av
puev yap evSaip^cov, ^a(TiXeu<; ydp, Kal hvvaaai
dvacTirdv Tr)v yrjv /cal ttjv OdXacraav ioairep Ipiovidv
/caOeh' 6 Be Hc^a^o'TO? ^wXo? icTTL, ^avavao^
'
70
ZEUS CATECHIZED
slaves with men, and subject to the same mistresses,
the Fates. For their immortality will not suffice to
make them seem better, since that feature certainly
is far worse, because men are set free by death at
by nothing else, while with you gods the
least, if
thing goes on to infinity and your slavery is eternal,
being controlled by a long thread.^
ZEUS
But, Cyniscus, this eternity and infinity is blissful
for us, and we live in complete happiness.
CVNISCUS
Not of you, Zeus
all circumstances are different
;
71
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Se /cat KaTe')(wvevOr](Tav ijSr) '^(^pvcroL rj apyupol
ovre^, 0I9 TOVTO e'ifiapTo SrjXaSi].
ZET2
9 'Opa<;; ravr tjSt} v^ptaTiKa, o) K.vvi(TK€, (f)rj^'
KYNI5K02
avv, ft) Ziev, oeota^; avTov^, ovk oica orov
eve/ca' iravra yovv oiroaa ctv eLirco, viroiTTevei^;
10 iiceivcDV TraiSevp^ara elvai. iycb Be irapd Tivo<; —
yap av dXXov TdX7]6e<; rj irapa crov /jiddoifiL; —
r)8eco(; 8' dv /cal tovto epoip^yv ae, rt? rj Tlpovoia
vfuv avTT] icTTL, Mot^a Ti9 rj zeal virep ravra^ Oe6<;
wairep, dpypvaa kcu avrSyv eKeivcov;
ZET2
"HSt; (701 KoX irporepov e(f)7)v ov Oep^irov elvai
Trdvra ae elSevac. av 8' ev ti ev dpyrj epcuTrjaeiv
(p'^aa<; ov iravr) roaavra 7rpo<; fie XeiTToXoyov-
/jLevo^;' /cal opoj on aoi to /ce(f)dXai.6v eaTL tov
Xoyov einhel^ai ov8evo<=; r)fjid<; irpovoovvTa^; twv
dvOpCOTTLVCOV.
KYNI2K05
Ovk epuov tovto, dXXd av fit/cpov efiirpoadev
ecprjaOa ra? Moipa^ elvai Ta^ diravTa eVtre-
72
ZEUS CATECHIZED
have even been melted down before now, being of
gold or silver but of course they were fated for this.
;
ZEUS
See here, your talk is getting insulting, Cyniscus,
and you ^v^ll perhaps regret it some day.
CYNISCUS
Be chary of your threats, Zeus, for you know that
nothing can hapj^en to me which Fate has not
decreed before you. I see that even the temple-
robbers I mentioned are not punished, but most of
them escape you it was not fated, I suppose, that
;
ZEUS
Didn't I say you were one of those fellows that
abolish Providence in debate ?
CYNISCUS
You are very much afraid of them, Zeus, I don't
know why. At any rate, you think that everything I
sayis one of their tricks. I should like to ask you,
—
though for from whom can I learn the truth except
—
from you ? what this Providence of yours is, a Fate
or a goddess, as it were, superior to the Fates, ruling
even over them ?
ZEUS
I have already told } ou that it is not permitted
you to know everything. At first you said that you
would ask me only one question, but you keep
chopping all this logic with me, and I see that in
your eyes the chief object of this talk is to show
that we exert no providence at all in human affairs.
CYNISCUS
That none of my doing you yourself said not
is :
73
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
\ovaas' €L /JUT) /jLerafieKeL aoL eKeivwv /cat ava-
TiOeaat avOi<; ra elprjfjLeva /cal a/jucpca/SrjTeLTe T779
eTT^/z-eXeta? irapwadfievoL rrjv YiljJiapfJiev^^v;
ZET2
11 OvSafjicb<;, aX)C 77 ^lotpa 8c tj/jLcov eKacrra eiri-
KYNI2K02
MavOdvco' vTTTjperaL koI hiCLKOvoi Tive<; rwv
Moiyow^' elval (pare. ttXtjv dWd koI ovt(o<; eKelvai
av elev at irpovoovcrai, v/ul€i<; Se (oairep afceurj riva
Kol epyaXeid eVre avrcbv.
ZET2
Xlw? Xeyei^;;
KTNI2K02
" ridTrepy to crKeirapvov
otjjLai, fcal tw reKTOVi
fcal TO Tpviravov avvepjel fiiv tl irpo^ TrjV Te^vrjv,
ovS€l<; S'dv €17701 ft)? TavTa 6 T€X^lt7]<; iaTtv, ov8^
7] vav<; epyov tov aK€7rdpvov rj tov Tpvirdvov,
d'XXa TOV vavTTTjyov' dvdXoyov tolvvv 7) /jlcv
vav7r7]yovfX6VT] e/cacTTa rj JLlfiap/xivrj iaTiv, vfi€l<;
74
ZEUS CATECHIZED
thing to pass. But perhaps you repent of it and
take back wliat you said^ and you gods lay claim
to the oversight, thrusting the Fates aside ?
ZEUS
By no meanSj but Fate does it all through us.
CYNISCUS
understand you allege that you are servants and
1 ;
ZEUS
What do you mean ?
CYNISCUS
You are in the same case, I suppose, as the adze
and the drill of the carpenter, which help him
somewhat in his craft, and yet no one would say that
they are the craftsman or that the ship is the work
of the adze or the but of the shipwright. Well,
drill,
in like manner Destiny who does all the building
it is
75
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ZET5
12 Su KVVL(7K€, OvBk Ttt? MotyOa? TLflCi-
5' 7]Sr), 0)
76
ZEUS CATECHIZED
ZEUS
Have you gone so far^ Cyniscus, as to think that
even the Fates should not be honoured by men ?
Why, you seem inchned to upset everything. As for
us gods, if for no other reason, Ave may fairly be
honoured because we are soothsayers and foretell all
that the Fates have established.
CYNISCUS
On the whole, Zeus, it does no good to have
foreknowledge of future events when people are
completely unable to guard against them, unless —
perhaps you maintain that a man who knows in
advance that he is to die by an iron spear-head can
escape death by shutting himself up ? No, it is im-
possible, for Fate will take him out hunting and
deliver him up to the spear-head, and Adrastus,
throwing his weapon at the boar, will miss it and
slay the son of Croesus, as if the javelin were sped
at the lad by a powerful cast of the Fates.^ Indeed,
the oracle of Laius is really ridiculous :
ZEY2
''Ev Tt9, KvvlaKe, rw "AiroWoiVi, opyy)^ alria
CO
KTNI2K02
fMTjSe opyi^eaOaL 6eov ovra-^ irXrjv
'Expv^ A^ei^
ZET2
15 'U/JLLV Se ovSev aTroXetVet?, aXXa /xdrijvOeoi
e<Tfiev, ovre irpovoidv riva
el(7<pep6fxevoi ek ra
rpv-
TTpdyfiara ovre rcov Ovaicov d^ioc KaOdirep
rrava w? dXr]0m rj aKerrapva; Kai fioL^
8oKel<;
^
1
T9> Au5^ A.M.H. : AuS^ vno toC
re? ^prtfffxod MSS. ;
virh
her province.
ZEUS
Then you leave nothing for us, and we are gods to
no purpose, not contributing any providence to the
world and not deserving our sacrifices, like drills or
adzes in very truth Indeed, it seems to me that
.'*
CYNISCUS
Strike, Zeus, if it I am really to be
is fated that
struck by lightning, won't blame you for the
and I
79
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
yap Tov Kepavvov avrov ^airjv av aiTiov /xoi
yevecrOat rod T/jau/xaro?. irXrjv ifcetvo ye v/j,d<;
ZET2
Ov yap, S) Y^vvidKe. av oe TroXvTrpdyfjicov Ti?
el Kal ovK olS' 66ev ravra ij/c€L<^ p.oi avp,7re<pop7]-
KTNI2K02
OvKovv p.rjBe e/cetvo L'yLta? epcop^ai, ae re /cal rr)v
Tipovoiav Kal ttjv Yjlfiappevriv, n Sijirore ^coklcop
6 y^prjaro^ ev Toaavrv •jrevia Kal airdveL rayv
fjuev
8o
ZEUS CATECHIZED
you for even the thunderbolt itself^ I should say,
;
ZEUS
No, Cyniscus. You are a meddler, and I can't
conceive where you got together all this stuff that
you bring me.
CYNISCUS
Then not to put my other question to you
I am
and to Providence and Destiny, why in the world is
it that honest Phocion and Aris tides before him died
in so great poverty and want, while Callias and
Alcibiades, a lawless pair of lads, and high-handed
Midias and Charops of Aegina, a lewd fellow wlio
starved his mother to death, were all exceeding rich ;
2 Otherwise unknown.
8i
G
VOL. II.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
^^
ayofievov^ Be Kol ^epoixevov^ tou? xP'^^^^v^
irevia koX vg(tol^ koI /MvptoL^ kukoI^ irie^ofievov^;.
ZET2
olaGa, a) Kt'i^tV-'ce, r/XtVa? fiera rov
Ov yap
iv
^Lov ol iTOvqpol Ta? fcoXdaei^; virofievovaiv, rj
KTNI2K02
"Kthr^v fiOL \6y€L<; kol TtT'JOi;? ical TavrdXov^.
iycD Si, el fiev ti kuI tolovtov iartv,
eiaofiai to
ZET2
18 Tt (^r;?; ciinaTel^ elvai TLva^ KoXdaei^ kuI rip.ck,
Kal hLKaaTTjpiov evOa Si] e^erd^eraL 6 e/cdarov
l3io<;;
KTNnK02
"Akovco Tiva MivcD KpnTa SiKd'^eLV kutco rd tol-
avra- /cat fioL diroKpivai rt fcal virep eKeivov
(TO?
CYNISCUS
I hear that somebody named Minos, a Cretan, acts
as judge in such matters down below. And please
answer me a question on his behalf, for he is your
son, they say.
ZEUS
What have you to ask hivi, Cyniscus ?
CYNISCUS
Whom does he punish principally ?
ZEUS
The wicked, of course, such as murderers and
temple-robbers.
o 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KTNI2K05
T/va? Se irapa rou? rfpcoa^ airoTTe^nTei;
ZET2
Tou? a'ya6ov<; re koX octlov^ fcal kut apeTtjv
KTNI2K02
ZET2
KTNI2K02
Et 5e Tt9 aKOixTLQV Ti heivov ipydcraiTo, Ko\d-
^eadai fcal tovtov SiKatol;
ZET2
OvSa/jLU)'^.
KTNI2K02
Ov8' dpa el Tt9 aKoyv tl dyaOov eBpaaeVy ovSe
TOVTOV TL/idv d^Lcocreiev av;
ZEY2
Ov yap ovv.
KYNI2K02
Ovheva tolvvv, w Zev, ome Tiuav ome fcoXd^eiv
auT(o TTpoarjfceL.
ZEY2
lift)? ovSeva;
KYNI2K02
"Ot^ eKOVTe^ ol dvOpcoiroL iroiovpiev, ciWd
OL'^et'
84
!
ZEUS CATECHIZED
CYNISCUS
And whom does he send to jom the heroes ?
ZEUS
Those who were good and pious and hved
virtuously.
CYNISCUS
Why is that^ Zeus ?
ZEUS
Because the latter deserve reward and the former
punishment.
CYNISCUS
But if man
should do a dreadful thing uninten-
a
tionally, would he think it right to punish him like
the others ?
ZEUS
Not by any means.
CYNISCUS
I suppose, then, if a man did something good un-
intentionally, he would not think fit to reward him,
either ?
ZEUS
Certainly not
CYNISCUS
Then, Zeus, he ought not to reward or punish
anyone.
ZEUS
Why not.^
CYNISCUS
Because we men do nothing of our own accord,
but only at the behest of some inevitable necessity,
if what you previously admitted is true, that Fate is
the cause of everything. If a man slay, it is she
who slays, and if he rob temples, he only does it
8s
;
KTNI5K02 „ ,
epeaeai, ttov^ at
'ESeoLLVv i^ev hi kuI rovro
e^iKvovvTM rp e^ni-
Uotpai ha-rpifiovcnv ^ ttw?
Xeirrorarov, Kat^ravTa
uslJla T&v Toaoi-reov h -rh
Tpek inUovov ydp Tiva Kai ovk evp.oipov
'oi<rac.
e'«a<rTa. el
koX
^
H^'"" ""^ «'^o«P'''«<^^f T/""
Sk
ToiroK iya-nv^opev 01^ aire-
ravra,& V^ev,
tov ^epv \V^^'W-
^piva,' Uavh yhp ip.4,avUat
86
ZEUS CATECHIZED
under orders. Therefore if Minos were to judge
justly,he would punish Destiny instead of Sisyphus
and Fate instead of Tantalus^ for what wrong did
they do in obeying orders ?
ZEUS
proper to answer you any longer when you
It isn't
ask such questions. You are an impudent fellow
and a sophist, and I shall go away and leave you
now.
CYNISCUS
Iwanted to ask you just this one question, where
the Fates live and how they go into such minute de-
tail in attending to so much business, when there
are only three of them. There mucli labour and
is
87
ZEUS RANTS
This dialogue is an elaboration of the theme treated in
Zeus Catechized. We meet in it the curious interlarding
of prose with verse which characterized the writings of
Menippus and his imitators. We also find a good deal of
the repetition which is rather too frequent in Lucian to
please modern I'eaders ; but it is hardly fair to censure him,
for one piece may have been read in Athens and another in
Antioch, and he niaj' never have had an opportunity to
revise his collected works.
ZETS TPAraiAOS.
EPMH2
1 '12 Zev, TL crvvvov<=; fcara fiova<; cravTw A,a\et9,
A0HNH
Nal TTOLTep rjpieTepe, l^povihr], vTrare KpeLovrcov,
yovvovp^al ere Oea 'yXavKcoin^, Tpiroyeveia,
e^avoa, purj Kevue vow, iva eioofjiev i)orj,
ZEY2
VK eartv ovbev beivov 0)0 eoTretv eiro'^f
A0HNH
"KiroXkov, oToL^ (j)poL/jLiOi<; (ipXV ^oyov;
90
ZEUS RANTS
HERMES
What ails voii^ Zeus^ in lone soliloquy
To pace about all pale and scholar-like ?
Speak thy thought, let it not lie hid in thy mind, let
us know it.
ATHENA
Apollo what a prelude to your speech .'^
!
91
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ZET2
n TrayKafcicFTa y^Oovia ^y^? iraihevi^iaTa,
(TV t\ 0) Upo/jLTjOev, old fjb elpyaaai Kaicd
A0HNH
Ti 6' iffTi; nTpo<; xopov yap ol/c€i(ov ipel^i.
ZET2
^n p.eyaXoa jxapdyov GTepoira^ poi^Tjpba, rl^ pe^ec^;
HPA
opydv, el /jltj /cco/xMSLav, c5 Zev, Svvd-
K.OL/jLt.(TOv
ZET5
OvK oI<t6\ iirei roi xav e/ccofcve^ p^iya.
HPA
OlSa TO fcecpdXaiov avro 6)v 7rda')(6i<? on ipoj-
TiKov iariv ov p^7]v Kco/cvo) ye vtto e6ov<;, rjSr]
7roWdKL<; v^picrOelaa vtto aov ra TOiavTU. el/co'^
yovv ijTOL Aavd7]v nva rj ^ejneXyv rj ^vpa)7T7]v
av6i^ evpovra ere dvLaaOat vtto rov €pcoTO<;, elra
j^ovXevecfOai ravpov i) adrupov rj ')(^pvaov yevo-
fievov pvTjvai hia tov opocpov et? tov koXttov t>}9
dyaTro)p.6V7]^- tcl arjpbela yap raOra, ol GTevaypol
Kal TCL Sdfcpva /cat to co'X^pov elvaL, ovk dWov tov
Tj e/0ft)TO9 iaTLV.
?ET2
^n p,a/capia, tjtl^ epcoTi Kal rat? TOiavTai<;
ev
7Tai8i,al<; ocei tcl rrpdyfiaTa r^pZv eivai.
» tI Guyet : rf fioi MSS.
92
ZEUS RANTS
ZEUS
utter vile hell-spawn of mother earth,
—
And thou, Prometheus thou hast hurt me sore!
ATHENA
What is it ? None will hear thee but thy kin.
ZEUS
Thundering stroke of my whizzing bolt, what a deed
shalt thou do me !
HERA
Lull your anger to sleep, Zeus, seeing that I'm no
hand either at comedy or at epic like these two,
nor have I swallowed Euripides w^iole so as to be
able to play up to you in your tragedy role. Do you
suppose we don't know the reason of your anguish ?
ZEUS
You know not : otherwise you 'Id shriek and
scream.^
HERA
1 know that the sum and substance of your troubles
is a love-affair ;don't shriek and scream, though,
I
L'ecause I am used to it, as you have already affronted
m.e many a time in this way. It is likely that you
have found another Danae or Semele or Europa and
are plagued by love, and that you are tliinking
of turning into a bull or a satyr or a shower of gold,
to fall down through the roof into the lap of your
sweetheart, for these symptoms — groans and tears
and paleness —belong to nothing but love.
ZELS
You simple creature, to think that our circum-
stances permit of love-making and such pastimes !
93
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
HPA
AWa TL dWo, el /xr/ tovto, dvia ere /^ia ovra;
ZEY2
3 'Ey fc'(T^aT0£9j ft)
'
Hpa, ra Oecov TrpdyfiaTa, koX
TOVTO 8r) TO Tov \oyov, eVl ^vpov eaTrjKev eiTe
^prj TLfidaOai rj/xd^i 6Ti /cat tcl <yepa e')(€LV Tdv Tjj
HPA
Tt ovv dWo Seivov dv yevoLTo; 0^% opoi ydp,
0T€ /jLT) Ta TOtavTa TrapaXvirot, 6<^' otm TIwXo? ?)
^ApiaT687]ijio<; dvTi A^o9 rj/jutv dva7r€(f)T]pa(i.
ZET5
i Ti/ulokXP]^, ft) ^'Hpa, 6 Stcol/co^ koL i\d/jLi<i 6
EiTTiKOv peLO<^ X^^^' o^'^ ol^cL 66ev acpicTLv dp^a/xevov
tov \6yov, Trpovoia'^ irepi SieXeyecrOrjv irapovTcov
pid\a Gv^yoiv KoX SoKLpicov dvOpoiTTOiv, oirep fid-
XidTa r/vlacre fie' Aa/xi9 ov8^ elvai 6eov<^
/cal 6 fiev
e(j}aaK€v, ovy oVft)? ^ Ta yivopbeva eiricrKOTrelv i)
BiaTaTTeiv, Ti/xofcXP]^; 8e 6 /SeXr^crTO? eireipuTO
(7Vvayci)VL^€a6ai, rnjuv eWa o^Xov ttoWov eirippv-
HERA
be that the earth has once more given
It can't
birth to giants, or that the Titans have burst their
bonds and overpowered their guard, and are once
more taking up arms against us ?
ZEUS
Take heart : the gods have naught to fear from
Hell.i
HERA
Then what that is terrible can happen ?
else
Unless something of that sort is worrying you, I
don't see why you should behave in our presence
like a Polus or an Aristodemus ^ instead of Zeus.
ZEUS
Why, Hera, Timocles the Stoic and Damis the
Epicurean had a dispute about Providence yesterday
(I don't know how the discussion began) in the
presence of a great many men of high standing, and
it was that fact that annoyed me most. Damis
asserted that gods did not even exist, to say nothing
of overseeing or directing events, whereas Timocles,
good soul that he is, tried to take our part. Then a
^ A parody on Euripides, Phoenissae 117.
2 Famous actors in tragedy, contemporaries of Demos-
thenes.
95
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
€VTO<; ovSev Trepan iyevero ttJ? ovvovata(;' Bie-
\v6riaav yap elaav6i<; einaice'^ecrdat ra \oi7ra
avvOejjievoL, /cat vvv fieTeo) pot 7rdvTe<^ elaiv, 6it6-
T6/309 fcpaTi](T6L /COL d\r}6eaT6pa ho^ei \eyeiv. opdre
Tov KLvSvvov, ci)9 iv (TTevw TravTcnracn ra r]fxeT€pa,
iv kvl dvSpl KLvhvvevojJieva; koI Svolv Odrepov r}
irapeojaOai avdy/cij, ovofxara fjuovov elvac 8o^avra<^,
i)TifJidaOai oddirep irpo tov, rjv 6 TLfjiOK\ri<; virepa^rj
Xeycov.
HPA
5 A.6Lvd ravra w? d\t^6(Ji)<;, koI ov /jidrr/v, o) Zev, 5
67r€Tpay(p8€L(; avroc^;.
ZET5
%v Be MOV Aavdr)^; tlvo^ rj ^Avt ioirrj^ elval jjlol
EPMH2
'E^ft) [xev eirl to kolvov ^rjfxt Belv ti]v aice'^iv
iiraveveyKelv iKKK-rjcriav avvayayovra.
HPA
KayLtot ravra ^ avvBoKel direp /cal tovtoo.
A0HNH i
Aw' ifjLol rdvavna Boksl, cj Trdrep, /mrj crvv-
rapdrretv tov ovpavov fiySc SfjXov elvat Oopv-
(Bovjjievov TM TTpdyfiaTL, irpdrTGiv Be ISla TavTa
t'f Mv K.paTi]aei jnev 6 Tt/xo/cX?;? Xeycov, 6 AdfiL^
Be KaTayeXaaOeX'^ drreiGLv Ik tt}? avvov(Tia<;.
^ ravra K. Schwartz : ravra MSS.
96
ZEUS RANTS
large crowd collected and they did not finish the
conversation they broke up after agreeing to finish
;
HERA
A dreadful situation in all conscience and it wasn't
for nothing, Zeus, that you ranted over it.
ZEUS
And you was thinking of some Danae
supposed I
or Antiope in all this confusion Come now, Hermes
I
HERA
I think the same as he does.
ATHENA
But I think differently, father. Let's not stir
Heaven up and show that you are upset over the
all
business manage it yourself in such a way that
:
97
VOL. U. H
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
'AXV ovre ayvoi]aeTaL ravTU, m Zev, iv (^avepch
ZET2
^ OvKOvv rjBri /crjpvTTe Kcti TrapeaTcoaav airainer
6p6(i)<; yap \iy€C<i»
EPMH2
'Uov ^ ek 6/CK\7](7Lav (jvve\6eTQ ol Oeoi p.r]
irepl fieyaXcov
fiiWere, avveXOere irdvre^, rj/cere,
eKKKr}aid(Jopb6V.
ZET2
OvTco ylnXd, o) 'Epp^ij, koX aTrXolfca koI ire^a
EPMH2
'AWa 77 w? yap, o) Zed, d^iok;
ZET2
!0LiToaep.vvv6, ro K7]pvyp.a
''Oirm d^io); (j>r)fii,
ZEUS
Well then, make a proclamation and let ev^eryone
come you are right in what you say.
;
HERMES
Hear ye, gods, assemble in meeting ! Don't delay !
ZEUS
How do I want you to do it ? Ennoble your
proclamation, I tell you, with metre and high-
sounding, poetical words, so that they may be more
eager to assemble.
HERMES
Yes, but that, Zeus, is the business of epic poets
ZET2
OvKOVV, 0) ^piXTj, TO)V O/irjpOV 67TC0V iyKUTa-
/jLLyvve ra ttoWcl tw Kripvyixan, ol<=i ^ eKelvo^ y/jLa^i
pdao/jiaL 8^ 6/jL(o<;.
ZET5
7 Eu ye, &) *¥ipfjLrj, dpiara Ke/cijpv/CTat aoc, fcal
avvLacn yap '^Brj' axrre TrapaXafi/Bdvcov /cddi^e
avTOv^ Kara rrjp d^iav eKaarov, &>? av v\r)<; t)
1 oh A.M.H. : is MSS.
^ Word wanting inMSS. 6ea>v hi Headlara.
' av ruv Meliler : avT^v MSS.
".^r
lOO
ZEUS RANTS
with obscurity that those who hear them don't have
much chance to examine their metres.
ZEUS
Well then^ Hermes, put into the proclamation a lot
of the verses which Homer used in calling us to-
gether of course you remember them.
;
HERMES
Not at all as distinctly and readily as I might, but
ril have a try at it anyway :
101
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
aTe')(yoL iroppco rrov (jvvwcrOevTe^ (TicoTrfj avairXr]-
pOVVTCOV flOVOV Tr}V €KK\r](7LaV.
EPMH2
"Etrrai ravra /cat KaOehovvrai co? irpocyrjK€L.
aSX eKslvo ov ')(e2pov elhevat, rjv tc<; avrwv %/3f-
<TOv^ fiev 7] Koi TToXvTaXavTO'^ rr)v 6\ki^v, ovk
dfcpL^r)<; 8e rrjv ep'yacnav, aXXa KO/uLtBfj IBkoti/co^;
/cat daviuL/ji€rpo<;, irpo tcov 'X^dX.Kcov tmv M.vpa)vo<;
fcal JloXvKXeiTOv kgX tmv ^etSiov koI AX/ca-
fjL€vov<; \iOiv(ov ^ fcaOeSecrat, rj Trpori/juoTepav ^prj
vo/jLi^€iv elvai ttjv rexvrjv;
ZET2
^Et')(^prjv /xev ouTft)?, dXX' 6 ')(^pvao<; ojul(o<; irpo-
71JJL7JT€0<;,
EPMH2
y[av6dvu>' TT\ovTivhrjv /cekeveL^; dXka fir) dpi-
(TTLvBtjv Ka6i<^6iv, Kol diTO Tifirj/Marcov rjKer ovv
et? TYjv TrpoeSpcav vfiel'^ ol ')(^pvaol. eoiKaai S'
ovv, ft) ZeO, 01 ^ap/SapiKol irpoehpevcretv jjlovol'
CO? Tou? ^e"'EjWr]va<=; 6pa<; ottocol elai, ')(^api€vre^
fiev Kal €V7Tpo(7037Toi /COL Kara T6')(vr)v ea")(7]iJiaTL-
ajxevoi, XlOivoc Se rj ')(aXKol ofio)(; ciTravre^ rj ol
ye TToXvTeXearaToi, avrcov iXecpdvrivot oXtyov
oaov Tov ')(pvaov eiriariX^ov e^ovre'^, &)? iinKe-
y^pdvQai KoX €7rr)vydo-9aL fJLovov, rd he evhov
vTTo^vXoi Kal ovTOi, fJbVMV dyeXa<^ 6Xa<i ejjLTroXi-
revofieva^i aKeirovTe^' y Bei^St? 8e avri] koX 6
*'AvovI3l^ e/cecvoal koX irap avrov 6 "Att^? koI 6
M.L0p7]<; KOL 6 Mr]v 6x6)(pvcrot /cat /Sapei''; koX
ttoXvtI/jLtjtol ft)9 dXr}0(x)<;.
ZEUS
It ought to be that way, but gold must have pre-
cedence all the same.
HERMES
I understand you tell me to seat them in order
:
103
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
nOSEIAHN
9 Kal TOVTO, 0) 'FjpfjiT], SiKaiOV, TOV KVVO-
TTOV
irpoacoiTOv tovtov irpoKa6i^€LV fiov tov AlyvTrriov,
KOi Tama Uoa6iBct)vo<; 6W09;
EPMH2
Nai, aWa ae fjuev, ew evvoalyaie, yaXKovv 6
AixTLTTTrof; fcal tttco^ov eiroir^aev, ovk eyovTOiW tots
K.opLvOi(ov ')(^pva6v' ovTO^ Be 0X0^9 fierdWotf;
7r\ov(TC(OTep6<; iarcv. ave'Xj^dOai ovv ')(^pr) irapeo)-
a/jL6vov, /cal fir) ayavaKreiv el tl<^ plva T7]\iKavT7]v
'^pvarjv e^o)!^ tt poTeTi/jbrjaerai crov.
A*POAITH
10 OvKOvv, ft) '^p/jbij, Ka/jL€ Xafioov ev toi<; irpoehpoi^
TTOV KciOi^e' y^pvai) yap el/jui.
EPMH2
0^% ocra ye, m Kafxe opav, a)OC
^AcppoSiTrj,
el fjur) Trdvv XlOou tov \euKOv, UevT eXrjOev,
Xtj/jlm,
HERMES
That's very well, but Lysippus made you of
all
bronze and a pauper because the Corinthians had no
gold at that time, while this fellow is richer than you
are by mines-full. So you must put up with being
thrust aside and not be angry if one who has such
a snout of gold is preferred before you.
APHRODITE
Well then, Hermes, take me and seat me in the
front row somewhere, for I am golden.
HERMES
Not as can see, Aphrodite unless I am
far as I :
HERMES
Yes, and the same man said that Apollo was rich
in gold and wealthy, but now you'll see that he too
is sitting somewhere among the middle class, un-
HERMES
What's to be done, Zeus.'' This is a hard
question to decide, at least for me for if I should
;
107
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ZET2
^Larpi/Sofiev, irnXac heov i/c/cXyjaid^eLV
&> 'Ep/Jir),
"
ra KaO" rjfiipav ravra ^OMvre^, Aiavofxa^' irov
• TO veKTap; rj dfjufipoala eTriXiTrev ttov at eKaTOfi-
^
/3aL; KOLva^ ra^ 6vaLa<;'^
ZET2
KaTaatcoTTTjcrov avroix;, co 'EpfMij, ft)9 fiddcoaiv
ZEY2
OuTft) TToiei.
EPMH2
14 Eu 76, di^wvorepoL yeyev'i]VTai croi tmv aoc^i-
(TTMV. MaT€ CO pa BrjfjLTjyopelv. opa^; irdXat 7r/309
ae dTropXiiTOvai TrepLfjcevovre^ 6 ri kol ipeh.
ZET2
'AXX* 6 ye ireirovOa, w 'Epp^r), ovk dv oKvijaar/xi
1
Text rnN : some MSJS. repeat one or more of these
phrases.
108
"
ZEUS RANTS
ZEUS
We are wasting time, Hermes, when we should
have been holding our meeting long ago, so for the
present let them sit promiscuously wherever each
wishes some other day we shall call a meeting
;
HERMES
Heracles ! what a row they are making with their
usual daily shouts " Give us our shares " '' Where
: !
" Where are the hecatombs? " " Victims in common " !
ZEUS
Hush them up, Hermes, so that they may learn
why they were called together, as soon as they have
stopped this nonsense.
HERMES
Not of them understand Greek, Zeus, and I
all
am no polyglot, to make a proclamation that Scyths
and Persians and Thracians and Celts can under-
stand. I had better sign to them with my hand,
I think, and make them keep still.
ZEUS
Do so.
HERMES
Good ! There you have them, quieter than the
sophists. It is time to make your speech, then.
Come, come, they have been gazing at you this long
time, waiting to see what in the world you are going
to say.
ZEUS
Well, Hermes, I need not hesitate to tell you how
109
y
EPMH2
Olha Kcu iSeSteiv ye d/covcov aov hr] [iriyo povvTO<;
ZET2
*AWa vvv, Si TeKvoVy ovk olSa ecre vtto tov
fieyidov^ TMV icpearcoTcov Setvcov elVe koI vtto tov
itXtjOov^ twv TrapovTcov —
TroXvdecoTdrr) yap, co?
6pd<^, 7] i/c/cXijaia —
SiaTerdpaypLaL ttjv yvcop^rjv kol
VTTOTpop.o'; elp.L Kol rj yXcoTTa fwi TreTreSrjp^evT]
eoi/ce' TO ^e droTrcoTarov dirdvTOiVy i'jTLXeXr)crp,ac
TO TTpooipLLOv Tcov oXcoVy o TTapecTKevaadp^Tjv 609
evTrpoaoiTTOTdTT] pioi rj dp')(r] yevoLTO irpo^i avTOV'i,
EPMH5
^ Air oX(oXe/ca(;, w Zev, diravTa' ol he vtto-
TTTevovcri ttjv cncoTrrjv /cai tl vrreppeya KaKov dKOv-
aecrOuL irpoahoKOicnv, e(f oto) au ^^ayiteXXet?.
ZET2
TiovXei ovVy 0) 'Eipfir], to 'OpurjpLKov eKelvo
TTpooifjLtov dvappayjrwStjo-a) tt^o? avTOv^;
EPMH5
To TTolov;
ZET2
l^eKXvTe fxev iravTe^; t€ deol Trdaat re Oeaivai,
^
TiirelKeis vulg. : &v yniiAtis y ; a.nei\on]s fi.
IIO
ZEUS RANTS
I feel, since you are my son. You know how confi-
dent and loud-spoken 1 always was in our meetings ?
HERMES
Yes, and used to be frightened wlien I heard
I
you making a speech, above all when you threatened
to pull up the earth and the sea from their
foundations, with the gods to boot, letting down
chat cord of gold.^
ZEUS
But noWj my
boy, I don't know wliether because
of the greatness of the impending disasters or
because of the number of those present (for the
meeting is packed with gods, as you see), I am
confused in the head and trembly and my tongue
seems to be tied and w^hat is strangest of all, I have
;
HERMES
You have spoiled They are
everything,
Zeus.
suspiciousof your silence and expect to hear
about some extraordinary disaster because you are
delaying.
ZEUS
Then do you want me to recite tliem my famous
Homeric introduction ?
HERMES
Which one ?
ZEUS
" Hark to me, all of the gods, and all the goddesses
likewise." ^
^ Iliad, 8, •24 ; compare Zeus Catechized, 4.
2 Pindar, Olymp. 6, 4. ^ Iliad S, 5.
Ill
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
"Airaye, iKavo)^ fcal 7rpo<; r)/jLa<; TreirapoyByTal^
GOL ra TTpcora. irXrjv el Sokcc, to fiev (popn/cbv
TMV fierpcov a(p6<i, av 8e tmv ArjfMoaOevov^; Srj/jirjyo-
Kara ^iXlttttov rjvTLva av eOekr]^ avvetpe,
pLO)v Twz^
oXija ivaWdrrcov ovrco yovv ol ttoWol vvv prjro-
pevovcTiv.
ZEY2
Eu Xeyei^; riva prfTOpeiav kol pa-
e7riTO[x6v
Btovpylav ravTr/v evKUipov tol<; dTropov/xevoi^i.
EPMH2
15 "Ap^ac 3' ovv TTOTC.
ZEY2
ttoWcov av, 6) dv8p€<s Oeoi, y^prjfjidTCdv
Az^tI
vfjbd^ kXeaOai vop^l^co, el ^avepov yevoiro vpuv 6 ri
Sy TTore dpa tovto eanv ecf)^ or ay vvv G-vve\ey7]Te.
ore roivvv tovto ovtw^ ^X^^> TrpoarjKeL 7rpoOv/xco<;
aKpodadai p.ov \eyovTO<;. o /.cev ovv Trapcov KaLpo^,
ft) Oeoi, p.ovovov)(l Xeyec cpcovrjv d(j)Leh otl tcov
irapovTcov eppcop^ivco^; dvTiXrjTTTeov rnjulv eaTiv,
r)jjLei<i 8e irdvv oXLycopco^; e')(eLv SoKov/nev Trpo<; avTd,
^ovXo/jLai 8e rjhri — koX yap eTrikenTet o Arjp,o-
aOevr)<; —avTa v/itv SijXcocraL cra(^co9, e</) oI? 8ia-
Tapa')(6e\<; crvvrjyayov ttjv e/cKXijcrlav.
X^e9 ydp, ft)? laTe, ^Ivrjatdeov tov vav/cX^jpov
6vaavT0<; ra acDTrjpLa eirl ttj vtjI oXiyov Seiv
diroXo fjievr) irepl tov Ka(f)^]pea, ela-Tico/jLeOa ev
TLeipaiei, 07r6(TOv<; rjficov o M.v7]cn0eo(; iirl ttjv
Ovaiav eKoXeaev eha /jueTa ra? aTrovSd^; v/xel^i
vol.. II. I
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
acTTV ft)9 7r€pi7raTi]aaL/jbt to SeiXcvbv ev KepafieiKO),
ivvocbv a/jua tov ^IvqaiOeov rrjv /jutfcpoXoylav, 09
eKfcaiSeKa Oeov<^ ecmcov aXe/crpvova [xovov Kar-
edvcre, yepovra Ka/cecvov r^hr) koX /copv^covra, koX
\LJ3av(OT0v ')(6v8pov(; rerrapaf; ev jxaXa evpcortcov-
Ta<^, CO? avTifca eTncr/SeaOijvat tco avOpaKL, ixrjhe
oaov dfcpa rfj pcvl 6(j<^paivea6aL tov /cairvov irapa-
o")(ovTa<^, KOI ravra eKarofi^a^ 6Xa<; v7roa')(^o-
fi€vo<; oiroTG rj vav<; ijSrj 7rpoae(^epeTO r(p a/coTreX^
Kol eVro? '^v TMv ip/xdrcov,
16 'EttcI Se ravra ivvocov yiypo/jLat Kara rrjv
UoiklXtjv, opco 7rX7]0o<; avdpcoTrcov Trd/jbrroXv avve-
(Tr7]fc6<;, ivLOVf; fxev evhov ev avrrj rfj aroa, ttoXXou?
114
ZEUS RANTS
stroll the Potters' Quarter, reflecting as I went
ill
ing and had worn his voice out with shouting, while
Damis with his sardonic laughter was making him
more and more excited.
Their whole discussion was about us. That con-
founded Damis asserted that we do not exercise any
providence in behalf of men and do not oversee
what goes on among them, saying nothing less than
that we do not exist at all (for that is of course what
115
I 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Tovro yap avrw hifKahrj o Xoyo'; eSvvaro' Kalyadv
TLV€<; ot iirrjvovv avrov. o 3' erepo^ ra rj/jLerepa o
Ti/jLO/cXfj^ e^povei koI vwepefjidx^i' teal rjyavdKTei
Kol TrdvTa rpoirov avvrjycovi^ero ttjv eTri/xiXeiav
r)/jL(x)v 67raLVMV koX Bi€^LOt)v CO? €V fcocTficp KCLi rd^ei
rfj TrpoaijKOvcrr) i^i^yovfieOa kol SiardTTO/jbev e/ca-
ara' /cat el')(e fjuev rtva<; kol avTO<; rov^ iiratvovv-
raf;. ttXtjv eKeKfjLrjKei yap tjStj /cal Trov^pcofi ecfycovei.
117
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ToVy Tjv Koi ra rrap' rj/xcbv avro) Trpoa-yevrjrai,.
fJbT)
EPMH2
"hKove, aiya, fxr) rdparTe' Tt? dyopeveiv jBov-
Xerai tmv rekeioiv OeCov, oh e^ecm; tl tovto;
ovSeh dvLararai, aXV rjavx^^^re tt^o? to /j.eyeOo<;
Twv 7)yye\piev(ov eK7re7r\7]y/mevoL;
MnM02
19 'A\X' uuet? /Jiev Trdvre^ vScop fcal yala ycvoiaQe'
eyoD Se, el ye /jloi fiera 7rapprj(TLa<; \eyetv Sodeir},
iToXka dv, 0) ZeO, exoiP't, elirelv.
ZEY2
Aeye, m Moj^e, rrdw Oappcbv Sfj\o<; yap el eirl
MnM02
OvKOVv aKOveTe, w Oeoi, rd ye diro KapBia<;,
(bacTLV' eyco yap rrdw
/cal TrpoaeSoKcov e? roSe d/irj-
118
ZEUS RANTS
Timocles will win by himself if he has not our
backing. Therefore make your lawful proclamation^
HermeSj so that they may arise and give counsel.
HERMES
Hark ! Hush noise
! No Who of the gods in
!
MOMUS
'^ Marry, you others may all into water and earth be
converted " ;i
but as for me, if I were privileged to speak frankly _,
ZEUS
Speak, Momus, with full confidence, for it is clear
that your frankness will be intended for our common
good.
MOMUS
Well then, listen, gods, to what comes straight
from the heart, as the saying goes. I quite expected
that we should wind up in this helpless plight and
that we should have a great crop of sophists like
this, who get from us ourselves the justification for
their temerity and I vow by Themis that it is not
;
119
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
pov(; Se Kal fiiapov^; av0p(O7Tov<; 7rpoTL/jLO)fjLivov<;
/cat VTrepTrXovTovi'Tat; fcal eTr/Tarroi/ra? to??
KpeiTToai, Kal rov<; jxev lepocrvXov^; ov KoXa^o-
fievov<; aWa Bia\avOdvovTa<;, dvaaKoXoTrL^o/ne-
vov<; Se Kal Tv/x7TavL^ofi€vov<; eviore tou? ovSev
dStKOvvraf;;
EtVoTft)9 Toivvv ravra opcovre^ ovrco hiavoovvTat
20 TTepl r)ixMV &)9 ovSep oA,q)9 optcov, kuI fxaXicrra
orav aKovcocrt tcoi> -x^py^a/jiMv Xeyovrcov, ay; Sta-
/3a9 Tt9 Tov " AXvv fieydXrjv dp')(r]v KarakvcreL, ov
fievroi BrfKovPTCov, etre Tr]v avrov etre tyjv tmv
TToXe/JLLcov' Kal ttoXlv
r20
ZEUS RANTS
illness and bondage -while scoundrelly^ pestilential
felloM'^s highly honoured and have enormous
are
wealth and lord it over their betters^ and that temple-
robbers are not punished but escape, while men who
are guiltless of all wrong-doing sometimes die by the
cross or the scourge ?
It is natural, then, that on seeing this they
think of us as if we were nothing at all, especially
when they hear the oracies saying that on crossing
the Halys somebody will destroy a great kingdom,
without indicating whether he will destroy his own
or that of the enemy and again
;
121
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ToaovTov tS)v ev rfj yy, o)? i^erdoai olbTivef; avTcov
01 ^avXot rj o'iTive^ oi ')(^pr]aToi elaiv aXX' ovk
av eliTOL^s- el yovv /iij o 0^creu9 e/c TpoL^7]vo^
€69 ^AOrjva^ loiv oSvv Trapepyov e^e/coyjre rov<;
KaKovpyov^, oaov iirl crol kol rfj cry irpovoia
ovBev av ifccjoXvev ^^v ivTpu(j)(JovTa<i rat? tmv
oBm ^aSc^ovTcov a(payal<^ rov X/cetpayva koI
UtTVOKdfjLTTTrjv KOI K^epKvova Koi Tov(; dX-
Xov^' rj €0 ye /jlt) o Yivpva6ev<;, dvrjp Sifcaiof; /cat
7rpovor]TLfCo<;, vTTo ^tXav6pw'TTia<^ dvairvvOavofJLe-
vos rd irap efcdcTTOL^; i^eTre/jLire rovrovl top
olKeTi]v avTOVyipyanKov dvOpwirov Kal irpoOvfiov
eh Tou? TTovov^, ZeO, ai) oXiyov i^povnaa^ dv
ft)
* Heracles.
123
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ZET2
23 TovTov jievy w 6eoi, \r)pelv idawfjiev del Tpa)(vv
ovra Koi iirLTLfxyiTLKov' oo<; 'yap 6 6av/jLa(TT0<;
Arj/jLoaOevrj^; e^rj, to fjuev iy/caXeo-ai koi /M/jLyjra-
aOai fcal iTnTCfirjcrac pahiov koX iravTo'^, to Be
OTTCO^ TO, rrapovTa ^eXTico yev^aeTat av/xftovXev-
aai, TOUT efjLcfipovo^ ft)? oXtjOco^; (7v/jL,3ovXov oirep
Oi dXXoL €V ol.S^ OTL 7roi7]a6T€ KOi TOVTOV (710)-
TTWI^TO?.
no2EiAnN
24 '£700 ^e ra /xev dXXa viro/Spvxto^; elfiL, w?
taT€, Kol ev /3vda) iroXiTevoixai KaT ifiavTov, eh
oaov hvvaTov adi^wv tol/? irXiovTa^; koI
ifiol
iTapa7reinr(ov ra irXola koi tov<; dvejxov^ KaTafxa-
—
XdTTcov o/xft)? 8' ovv fieXei <ydp fioi koI tmv
—
evTavOa ^??yLtl helv tov Ad/uiLV tovtov eKiroBoov
TTOLijaacrOai, Trplv iirl ti-jv epiv rjKeLV, rfTOi Kepavvco
7] TiVL dXXrj fxrj'^avfi, kol virepa^rj Xeycov
fit]
—
d>r)<; ydp, o) Zev, inOavov Tiva elvai avTov dp,a
yap /cat Sei^o/jiev avToh ft)? /neTep^of^^Oa tov/; tol
TotavTa KaO' rj/JLMV SLe^LovTa^;.
ZET2
25 Ilat^ei?, d) rj TeXeov iTriXeXrjcraL co?
TlocreiSov,
ovBev 6^' r)/jLLv tmv tolovtwv IgtIv, aX>C al
M.olpat 6fcdo-T(p iTTLKXojdovcTL, TOV fiev Kepavvo),
TOV oe ^i(f)6t, TOV C6 7rvp€T(p 7] (puoT] aiTOoaveiv;
eVel el ye fxoi eir e^ovcria^ to TTpdyfia rjv,
elacra dv, ollei, tov? lepoavXov<; irpcpTjv direXOelv
dK€pavvd)T0v<; etc Titer?;? Bvo fiov tmv irXoKdiKov
aTTOKelpavTaf; e^ /jLvd<; exdrepov ^KovTa<;; i) crv
avTO^ TrepietBef; dv ev YepaiaT(h tov dXiea tov
e^ ^Clpeov vcpaipov/xevov aov t}]v Tpiaivav; aXXco^i
124
ZEUS RANTS
ZKUS
I.et us ignore this fellow's nonsense, gods ; he is
always harsh and fault-finding. As that wonderful
man Demosthenes says, to reproach and criticize and
find fault is easy and anyone can do it, but to advise
how a situation may be improved requires a really
wise counsellor ; and this is what the rest of you
u ill do, I am very sure, even if Momus says nothing.
POSEIDON
For my part I am pretty much subaqueous, as you
l^now, and live by myself in the depths, doing my
best to rescue sailors, speed vessels on their course
and calm the winds. Nevertheless I am interested
in matters here too, and I say that this Damis should
be put out of the way before he enters the dispute,
either with a thunderbolt or by some other means,
for fear that he may get the better of it in the
argument for you say, Zeus, that he is a plausible
;
ZEUS
Are you joking, Poseidon, or have you completely
forgotten that nothing of the sort is in our power,
but the Fates decide by their spinning that one man
is to die by a thunderbolt, another by the sword
and another by fever or consumption ? If it lay in
my power, do you suppose I would have let the
temple-robbers get away from OhTiipia the other
day unscathed by my thunderbolt, when they had
shorn off two of my curls weighing six pounds apiece?
Or would you yourself at Geraestus have allowed the
fisherman from Oreus to filch your trident ? Besides,
125
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
re Kol Bo^ofjiev ayavaKTeiv XeXvTrrjfjievoL rep Trpd-
yfjLaTi Kol SeSiivac rov^ irapa rov AdfMiSo^
Xoyov^
Kol avTO diToaKevd^eaOai rov dvhpa, ov irepL-
Bl
fielvavre^ dvTe^era(j6r)vai avrov tw Tc/xokXcI.
ware rl aXKo r) ef ipyj/Mrjf; Kparelv ovtco Bo^ofiev;
no2EiAnN
Kal /jLTjv iiriTOfiov nva ravrrjv wfirjv i-TTLvevot]-
AnOAAHN
26 EZ Koi Toc^ veoL^ en Kal dyeveioL^ rjfilv e(/)6tT0
126
ZEUS RANTS
it will look as if we were getting angry because we
have been injured^ and as if we feared the argu-
ments of Damis and were making away v.itli him
for that reason^ without waiting for him to be put
to the proof by Timocles. Shall we not seem, then,
to be winning by default if we win in that way ?
POSEIDON
Why, I supposed 1 had thought of a short cut to
victory ?
ZEUS
Avast a stockfish idea, Poseidon, downright stupid,
!
POSEIDON
Well, then, the rest of you think of something
else that is better, since you relegate my ideas to the
stockfish in that fashion,
APOLLO
If we young fellows without beards were permitted
by law to take the floor, perhaps I inight have made
some contribution to the debate.
MOM us
In the first place, Apollo, the debate is on such
great issues that the right to speak does not go bv
age but is open to all alike for it would be delicious
;
127
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
SeaOeis el ayeveto^ mv S7j/ii7]yop7]a€L<;, koI ravra
/BaOvTTcoycova koI evyevetov oi/tco? vlov g-^cov tov
^AaK\r)7nov, aWw?
re koi irpeTTOv av eirj aoi
vvv /jLaXtara eKcpaiveiv ttjv cro<piav, el firj /xdT7]v
iv Tw 'EXiKMvt KaOrjaat Tal<; Islovaai^ avfi^i-
\0(TO(^0)V.
AnOAAHN
'Aw' ov ae, 0) Mcoyae, ^/o^ ra roiavra icfyievac,
TOV Ala Si' KoX Tjv ovTOf; KeKevarj, rd^^ dv tl ovk
dfjLovaov eliTOLixi dWd T/79 ev rw 'EXt/ccovt /jLeXerrj^
d^LOV.
ZEY2
Aeye, c5 reKVOV e^ir^fxi ydp,
AnOAAHN
27 'O Ti/jbo,'c\rj(i ovTO<; ecrrt fiev %/)?;crT09 dvrip fcal
(f)L\60eo<; Kol Tou? \6yov<; irdw i^Kpi/ScoKe tov<;
STcoiKov^i' ware /cat avvecrriv eirl 7roWol<;
cro(f)ia
ZEUS
speak, my boy : I give you permission.
APOLLO
This Timocles is an upright. God-fearing man
and
he is thoroughly up in the Stoic doctrines,
so that
he gives lessons to many of the young
men
and collects large fees for it, being very
plausible
when he disputes privately with his pupils but he
;
utterly lacks the courage to speak before
a crowd
and his language is vulgar and half-foreign, so
that
he gets laughed at for that reason when he
appears
m public, for he does not talk fluently but
stammers
and gets confused, especially when in spite of
these
faults he wants to make a show of
fine lan^ua^e.
His intellect, to be sure, is exceedingly
keen and
subtle, as people say who know more
than I about
Stoicism, but in lecturing and expounding
he weakens
and obscures his points by his incapacity, not
making
his meaning clear but presenting
propositions that
are like riddles and returning answers
that are still
more unintelligible; hence the others failing
to com-
I20^
VOL. TI. „
;
AnOAAflN
29 Xvvrjyopov, o) Mw/^e, el' ttw? hvvr)6eiiip.ev, ayrw
TTapaaXGiv aXkov tmv Seivcov tovtwv, epovvra
Kar a^Lav airep av eKelvo^ ivOvpuriOeh viro^aXy,
MnM02
'AyeveLOV rovro ot)9 okTjOm €Lpr)Ka<;, en irai-
130
ZEUS RANTS
prehend, laugh at him. But it is essential to speak
clearly, I think, and beyond all else to take great
pains to be understood by the hearers.
MOMUS
You were right, Apollo, in praising people who
speak clearly, even though you yourself do not do
it at all, for in your oracles you are ambiguous and
riddling and you unconcernedly toss most of them
into the debatable ground so that your hearers need
anotlier Apollo to interpret them. But what do
you advise as the next step, what remedy for
Timocles' helplessness in debate ?
APOLLO
To give him a spokesman
if possible, Momus, one of
those eloquent chaps who will say fittingly whatever
Timocles thinks of and suggests.
MOMUS
Truly a puerile suggestion which shows that you
still need a tutor, that we should bring a spokesman
into a meeting of philosophers to interpret the
opinions of Timocles to the company, and that Damis
should speak in his own person and unaided while
the other, making use of a proxy, privately whispers
his ideas into his ear and the proxy does the speaking,
perhaps without even understanding what he hears,
Wouldn't that be fun for the crowd No, let's
I
131
K 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Twv aocfycaTMV /cpan'/crei Xeycov ; olaSa yap ttov
TO airo/Syao/xevov ficivrt^; cov.
AnOAAHN
IIco9, CO ^la)fi€, Bwarov rroielv ravra fxyre
rpLTToSof} rjfMV irapovTO^ fitjre Ov/jLia/xdrcov ?} 7rr]yr]<;
MnMOS
^Opa<^; a7ToBt,Spda/c€L(; rbv €\ey')(^ov iv crrev^
ZET2
''0/jLO)<;, TCKVov, elire koI /xtj 7rapda')(^r}<; rro
0)
ZET2
Tt TTOTC reKVOv; 009 rd ye irpo rov XPV~
ip6L<;, 0)
132
ZEUS RANTS
sophists will win in the argument ? Of course you
know what the outcome will be, if you are a
prophet.
APOLLO
How do that, Momus, when we have no
can I
tripod here, and no incense or prophetic spring like
Castaly ?
MOMUS
There now ! you dodge the test when it comes to
the pinch.
ZEUS
Speak up, my boy, all the same, and don't give
chance to malign and insult your pro-
this libeller a
fessionby saying that it all depends on a tripod and
water and incense, so that if you didn't have those
things you would be deprived of your skill.
APOLLO
It would be better, father, to do such business at
Delphi or Colophon where I have all the necessaries
at hand, in the usual way. However, even thus
devoid of them and unequipped, I wdll try to foretell
whose the victory shall be you will bear with me if
:
ZEUS
What in the world are you going to say, boy ? my
These preliminaries to your oracle are terrifying in
themselves your colour is changed, your eyes are
;
133
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Kopv/3avrMSe<;, fcal 6\m /caTo%t/ia ircivTa Kal
AnOAAHN
ToSe Oea^aTOV AttoX-
31 K6k\vt€ fiavTLTToXov
ZEY2
TOVTO avefcdyx^^^"^^ ^ Mw/^e; /cal firjv ov
Tfc
MnMOS
Kal 770)9 Buvarov, m ZeO, i(j)' ovtco aacfyel Kal
ZEY2
OvKOVV Kal r]fuv rjSrj epfJLTjvevoi^ av avrov o ri
Kal XeycL.
MnMOS
Ildvv 7rp6Si]\a, Mare ovSev rjfuv Se/ucTTOKXeovti
134
!
ZEUS RANTS
frenzied^ and in a word everything about you
suggests demoniacal possession and gooseflesh and
mysteries.
APOLLO
Hark to the words of the prophet^ oracular words ox
Apollo,
Touching the shivery strife in which neroes are
facing each other.
Loudly they shout in the battle, and fast-flying words
are their weapons ;
HPAKAH2
32 'Eycb Si, 0) TTcirep, el koI /jL€toik6<; cl/jll, ov/c
6/cv7]a(o o/jL(0(; ra SoKOvvrd fxoi eiTrelv oirorav yap
Tjhrj avve\66vTe<; StaXiycovrat, rr^viKavra, rjv filv 6
Ti,fioK\7]<; V7rep<j')(r], edacofjuev TTpo')(ayp6lv rrjv
avvovcFiav virep ijfiMv, rjv Be rt erepolov diro^aivr},
Tore ijSi] T7]v arodv avrrjp eycoye, el hoKel,
hiaaeiaa^ efJi^oKoi tm AdfiLSi, w? fir) KaTaparo^i
ct)V vppL^y e? rjfia^i.
ZET2
'Hyoa/cXet?, co 'Hyoa/cXet?, aypoLKOV rovro eXpi]Ka<^
Kol heLVO)^ ^oixoTtov, (TwaTToXeaai evl irovripcp
ToaovTOV^ ')(^p7]o-rov^,^ koI Trpoaerc rrjv aroav avroy
MapaOcovc koI MtXridBrj koX }Lvveyeip(p. Kal
7ra)9 av rovrcov avvefiTreaovrcov oi pt]TOpe<; en
prjTopevoiev, Tr]v pieyiaTrjv et? tol'9 Xoyov^;
vTTodecnv dcprjprjpevoi; aX\co<; re ^covri pLev croi
hvvarov laco^ rjv tc •npa^ai tolovtov, d<f)^ ov 8e
6eo<; yeyevrjaai, piepid6r}Ka<^, otpiai, co9 at ^loipac
piovaL rd roiavra Svpavrat, rjpLeL<; Se avrcov
dpLOLpoi iapuei'.
HPAKAH2
OvKOVv /cat OTTore top Xeopra rj ryv vSpav
i(f)6pevop, at yiolpai Bl epLov iKCCPa eTrparrop;
ZET2
Kal fidXa,
1 Xprjo'Tovs, K. Schwartz : not in MSS.
136
!
ZEUS RANTS
please that this fellow is a humbug and that you who
believe in him are pack-asses and mules, without
as much sense as grasshoppers.
HERACLES
As me, father, though I am but an alien I shall
for
not hesitate to say what I think. When they have
met and are disputing, if Timocles gets the better
of it, allow the discussion about us to proceed
let's ;
ZEUS
In the name of Heracles that was a loutish,
!
137
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
HPAKAH2
Kal vvv 7]v Tt9 v^pl^y €t9 i/jie rj irepicrvXcov fxov
Tov vecbv rj dvarpeTTcov to dydXfia, tjv fxr) Tal<;
avTov;
ZEY5
HPAKAH2
OvKOvv CLKOvaov, 0) ZeO, fiera irapprjaia's' iy(Ji>
ZEY2
Eu ye, oiKoOev o jiidpTV<;, (paalv diriaaycrd*; y
33 av ovv TM AdfjuSc TavTa eiTrelv vrro^a\d>v?- dWd
TL^ 6 o-TrovSfj TrpoaLwv ovt6<; iaTiv, 6 ')(a\Kov^, 6 ev-
ypa/iifio<; Koi €VTrepiypa<j)0'^, o dp')(alo<s ttjv dvdSecrtv
ZEUS RANTS
HERACLES
And now, in case anyone affronts me by robbing
my temple or upsetting my image, can't I exter-
minate him unless it was long ago settled that way
by the Fates?
ZEUS
No, not by any means.
HERACLES
Then hear me frankly, Zeus, for as the comic
poet puts it,
have slain.
ZEUS
Bravo testimony from the inside, as the saying
!
^39
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
a(j)L^aL; y irov n eK ^t)? vecorepov dTrayyiX-
\€i<;;
EPMArOPAS
'TTrepfieya, w Zed, fcal fxvpLa<; t% cnTovBrj<;
Be6/jL€vov.
ZET2
Ae7€ rjSr], ec tl koX aXXo rjfidf; iTravKTrdfievov
\ekr)6ev.
EPMArOPAS
^^Tvy')(avov /nev dprt y^aXKOvpyMv vtto
TnTTov/ji€vo<; (TTepvov TG KoX fierd^pevov*
Ocopa^ he fioi y€\o2o<; ajx^l aco/jLart
TTXacrOeX^; iraprjcap-qTO fjLt/ii7]\f] Te')(yrf
EPMArOPAS
Ov irdw, dX)C iv dfcpo^oXLcrp>ot<; en rjaav diro-
(T<f)€vBovcovTe<; dWijXoif} iroppcoOev irodev XoiSopov-
p^evot.
ZET2
Tl ovv ert, iroielv Xolttov} w 6eol, rj aKpodaa-
aOai eiTiKv^avTa^i avrcov; cocrre dcpaipeircoaav at
^flpat Tov p,o')(\ov Tjhr) kol dirdyovaai rd ve<pr)
Si dvaTreTavvvTcocrav Ta<; TTv\a<; tov ovpavov. H/)a-
/cXci?, oaov TO 7r\'f]do<; enl ttjv dfcpoacriv dTTTjvTij-
* Kti TToiuy XoiirSu Uindorf : tri xp'h Troitly \onr6v y ; xph
140
; ^
ZEUS RANTS
you here at a run ? Do you bring us news from
earth, by any chance ?
HERMAGORAS
Important news, Zeus, that requires unlimited
attention.
ZEUS
Tell me whether we have overlooked anything
else in the way of conspiracy.
HERMAGORAS
It fell just now that they who work in bronze
Had smeared me o'er with pitch on breast and
back
A funny corslet round my body hung.
Conformed by imitative cleverness
To take the full impression of the bronze.
I saw a crowd advancing with a pair
Of sallow bawlers, warriors with words,
Hight Damis, one —
ZEUS
Leave your bombast, my good Hermagoras
off I ;
HERMAGORAS
Not very they were still skirmishing, slinging
;
ZEUS
Then what remains to be done, gods, except
else
to stoop over and listen to them ? So let the Hours
remove the bar now, drive the clouds away and throw
open the gates of Heaven, Heracles what a crowd !
141
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Kaaiv. avro^ ov iravv fioi, apeaK€i
6 Se Ti/jlokXtj^:
vTTOTpe/Jbcov fcal rapaTTOfxevor airoXeL a-rravTa
ovTO<; TTifMepov ^77X09 7001^ iariv ovBe
avrdpaaSai
T« ^diith ^vv7]a6f^evo^. aXV oirep r^plv Swarci)-
TIMOKAH2
w lepoavXe ACip^L, 6eov<i p.rj elvai p^rjSe
35 Tl c^?i<?,
AAMI2
dXka TTporepo^ dirotcpLvai p.oc wtlvl
Ov/c (TV
TIM0KAH2
Ov p.ev ovv, dWa av, w p^iapi, cnroKpivai,
AAM12
Ov pev ovv, dWa av.
ZET2
Tavrl p^ev irapa ttoXv 6 r)p6Tepo<::^dp,eivov koX
evcj^covorepov rpaxyverai. ev 76, w Tt/xo/cA-et?,
eTTtvet ^\aa^7]p.io}V' ev yap tovtm aoi to
TMV ^
eiri-
icpdro^, 0)9 rd ye ciWa IxOvv ere dirocl^aveL
aTop,iK(^v,
TIM0KAH5
'AXXa, p,d Tr)v 'hOilvdv, ovk av dTTOKpivaip.r)v
(Toi TTporepo^.
'
AAM12
Ovicovv, 0) Tcp,6fc\ei^, ep^ia- eKpdnjaa^ yap
142
! !
ZEUS RANTS
has come together to hsten Timocles himself does
I
M3
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
rovTO ye 6/j.(OfiOK(i)<;' uX)C aiev roiv lS\a(j<f>'qfiL(av,
SL OOK€L.
TIMOKiVH2
36 E-j key€i<;' elire ovv fioi, ov So/covai aoi, a>
AAMI2
T1M0KAH2
Tt (/)?79; cLTTpovotjTa OVV ravra airavra;
AAMI2
Nat.
TIM0K.\H2
Ovh" VTTO TLVi OVV 6e(p TOLTTeTai T) Tcov oXcov
iiTLjuieXeLa;
AAMI2
Oi^.
TIM0KAH2
Hdvra Se el/crj (peperai;
AAMI5
Na/.
TIMOKAH2
Eir' dvOpcoTTOL ravra aKovovre^ ave-xeaOe Ka\
ov KaraXevaere rov d\Lri]pLov;
AAMI2
Ti T0U9 dvOpomov^ eV e'/xe irapo^vvei^, Si Ti/io-
144
ZEUS RANTS
have won with that oath of yours. But no abuse,
please.
TIMOCLES
Very well. Tell me
then, you scoundrel, don't
you think the gods exercise any providence ?
DAMIS
Not in the least.
TIMOCLES
What's that you say ? Then is all that we see
about us uncared for by any providence ?
DAMIS
Yes.
TIMOCLES
And the administration of the universe is not
directed by any god ?
DAMIS
No.
TIMOCLES
And everything drifts at random?
DAMIS
Yes.
TIMOCLES
Men, do you hear that and put up with it? Aren't
you going to stone the villain ?
DAMIS
Why do you embitter men againsi me, Timocles ?
And who are you to get angry on behalf of the gods,
especially when they themselves are not angry ?
They have done me no harm, you see, though they
have listened to me long — if indeed they have ears.
TIMOCLES
Yes, they have, Damis, they have, and they will
punish you some day in the hereafter.
145
VOL. II. L
THE WOUKS OF LUCIAN
'^AMTS , , , , , '
,
AAMI2 ,,,//)
& Tiix6K\ei,, -ndXai ey<o e^oBovv
o
'EkbIvo.
^Kovaaiaov, 6'7r«? i^daOn^ oUaeai ^povoecp
T0U9 d£ov<;
TIMOKAH2 ,
Tcf^oKXw, <Tvvap-
Mto-ttov to i^roip-^""". &
ec -npovoia TO,no,v
nd^.cr om-nco yhp hriKov
T46
ZEUS RANTS
DAMIS
And when can they find time for me, when they
have so many cares, and manage all creation,
you say,
which is unlimited in its extent ? That is why they
have not yet paid you back for all your false oaths
—
and everything else I don't want to be forced to
deal in abuse like you, contrary to our stipulations:
and yet I don't see what better manifestation of
their providence they could have made than to crush
your life out miserably, miserable sinner that you are !
DAMIS
Tell me what I wanted you to tell me long ago,
how you were induced to believe that the gods
exercise providence
TIMOCLES
In the first place the order of nature convinced
me, the sun always going the same road and the
moon likewise and the seasons changing and plants
growing and living creatures being born, and these
latter so cleverly devised that they can support life
and move and think and walk and build houses and
—
cobble shoes and all the rest of it these seem to ;
me to be works of providence.
DAMIS
That is just the question, Timocles, and you are
trying to beg it, for it is not yet proved that each of
1 Iliad, 1, 423.
L 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eKaarov airoTeXelrai. aXX on jxev roiavrd iari
ra yivo/j.eva (palrjp civ koI avro^' ov firjv avriKa
ireTrelaOai avdyKrj xal vtto rivo^; 7rpo/jL7)d€La^ avrd
jiyveaOar evi yap koI dX\(0<; dp^dfieva vvv
6/jL0LCt)<; KoX Kara ravrd avvLaraordaL, crv Se
Ta^iv avTcav 6vofid^€L<; rr)v dvdy/crjv, elra SrjXaSr]
dyavaKTi^Gei^ el rt? aoi /jlt) d/co\ovOoiT] ra ytvo-
fxeva jxev oirold icm /caTapidfiov/jievw /cat eirai-
vovvTi, olofxevcp Se diroSet^iv ravra elvai rov Kal
irpovoia StardTTeaOai avrcov e/caarov. ware Kara
TOP KCd/JblKOV
TIM0KAH2
oy hiyct) fjuev ovfc otpLaL Kai aXKrj^ eiri tovtoi^: oeiv
diTohei^eay^. ofico^; 8' ovv ipoy diroKpivai ydp pioiy
"Ofi7]p6<; aoi So/cel dpiaro^i 7roLr)Tr)<; yeveaOao;
AAMI2
Kat fxdXa.
TIM0KAH2
OvKovv iKeiv(p 67r€Lcr6i]v rrjv irpovoiav tmv OeMV
€pL(f)aVL^OVTC.
AAMI2
*A\X\ w OavjLidaie, TrotTjrrjv fiev dyaOov" O fiypov
yeveaOat Trai^re? aoL avvo/io\oyr]aovcn, fidprvpa
he d\r]6rj irepl rwz^ tolovtcov out eKelvov ovre d\-
\ov 7roi7}Tyv ovSeva' ov ydp d\rjdeia<i fieXei avTol<^,
olfiai, dWd rov KrfKelv tou? dfcovovra^;, fcal Sid
rovTO /JLerpoL'^ re KurdBovcn Kal fJuvOot^i KaTt))(OvaL
148
ZEUS RANTS
these things is accom])lished by providence. While
I myself would say that recurrent })henomena are
as you describe theni^ I need not, however, at once
admit a conviction that they recur by some sort of
providence, for it is possible that they began at
random ^ and now bike place with uniformity and
regularity. But you call necessity order" and then,
'^'^
TIMOCLES
For my part I don't think that any further proof is
necessary on top of all this. Nevertheless I'll tell
you. Answer me this do you think that Homer is
:
DAMIS
But, my admirable friend, everybody will agree
with you that Homer is a good poet, to be sure, but
not that he or any other poet whatsoever is a truthful
witness. They do not pay any heed to truth, I take
it, but only to charming their hearers, and to this
not with vir6 rivos Trpofx-qO^las. The idea is more fully and
clearly presented in Lucretius 1, 1024:-1028.
149
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Kol oXo)? uTravra virep rod repirvov jJiti^avoivraL.
40 arap rjheco'^ av /cat aKoucraifjLL oIcttktl fMoXiara
apa ot? Trepl rod Ato? Xeyec,
eVetcr^?;? rcov ^Ojxrjpov'
0)967T€l3ov\€Vov avvSijaac avrov rj Ovydrrjp /cat 6
aSeX^o? fcal rj yvvr); kol el ye fjirj tov 3ptdpea)v r)
06Tt9 eKokeaev eireirehrjTO av i)ixiv 6 l3e\TL<jro<i
Zeu? avvapTTaaOei'^;, avO mv fcav dirofivrj/jLovevcov rfj
SeTiSc Ti]V evepyealav e^airara tov Kyapep^vova ^
ZET2
41 Ba/Sar tjXlkov, w 6eoL, dve^orjo-e to ttX^^o?,
€7racvovvT€<i TOV Adpiv 6 5' 97yLt€T€yoo9 diropovfjuevM
150
ZEUS RANTS
them with and in ca word do anvthincc to (jive
fables
pleasure. However, I should like to know what it
was of Homer's that convinced you most. What he
says about Zeus, how his daughter and his brother
and his wife made a plot to fetter him ? ^ If Thetis
had not summoned Briareus, our excellent Zeus would
have been caught and put in chains. For this he
returned thanks to Thetis by deceiving Agamemnon,
sending a false vision to him, in order that many of
the Achaeans might lose their lives. Don't you see, "-^
ZEUS
I gods
say, what!a shout the crowd raised,
applauding Damis Our man seems to be in a fix.
!
Kal rd TOLavra.
AAMI2
TifjLOKXeiM, OTL fie vireiiviiaa^
tmv Kara
Ev 76, oj
avvChoi
WvT) vo/jit^ofjievcov, df Mv fiaXiaja
ti<;
^^eiv et9
0{jK eXeyov, w eeoi, ravra 'rravra
e^eraaOi^creaeai;
rovfJLCpavh Kai aKpi^m
ZEY2
Kai eTrerifia^ op(9w9, Kai
"EX€7e9, w Mw/xe,
liravopOdycradeai avra, i]V rov
'dycoye Treipaaofiai
Bta(f)vy(o^i€V.
ev TToal rovrov kivBvvov
TIM0KAH2 ^ ^
%p^o-/xoi;9 Kai
43 'AXX\ o) (96069 ix^pe (TV, tou9
154
ZEUS RANTS
TIMOCLES
Well then, all men and all nations have been mis-
taken in believing in gods and celebrating festivals ?
DAMIS
Thank you kindly, Tiniocles, for reminding me of
^vhat the nations beUeve. From that you can dis-
cern particularly well that there is nothing in the
theory of gods, for the confusion is great, and some
believe one thing, some another. The Scythians
offer sacrifice to a scimitar, the Thracians to Zamolxis,
a runaway slave who came to them from Samos, the
Phrygians to Men, the Ethiopians to Day, the
Cyllenians to Phales, the Assyrians to a dove, the
Persians to fire, and the Egyptians to water. And
while all the Egyptians in common have water for a
god, the people of Memphis have the bull, the people
of Pelusium a wild onion, others an ibis or a crocodile,
others a dog-faced god or a cat or a monkey. More-
over, taking them by villages, some hold the right
shoulder a god and others, who dwell opposite them,
the left others, half a skull, and others an earthen
;
MOMUS
Didn't I tell you, gods, that all this would come
out and be thoroughly looked into ?
ZEUS
You did, Momus, and your criticism was just, i
shall try to set it all right if we escape this immediate
danger.
TIMOCLES
But, you god-hater, how about the oracles and pre-
155
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
iaofxevoyv rivo, epyov ^v
eliroL,
jrpoayope{>aeL<; rwv
ttj^ eKeivwv;
-^ Oecov Kol T?}? irpovoia^
AAMI2 , ,
MnM02 ^
ZET2
tv ^fid<; 6Vta-</)aTTet9, w Mw/^e, ovk ev fcaipcp
vvv einTLf^iov.
TIMOKAH2 ^
ZEUS
You are boring us to extinction, Momus, with your
untimely criticism.
TIMOCLES
Take care what you are doing, Damis, you mis-
creant You are all but upsetting the very temples
!
TIMOKAH2
Ato9 aKovei^, o)
45 OvSe ^povTMVTO^ dpa tov
Oeofjidx^ /^dfJLt;
AAM12
Kal 7rw9 ov fieWco /3povTri<; aKoveiv, w Tt-
a/ze^z^oi^
/x6/cXet9; e^
3' o Z6i:;9 o ^poi^roiz. eVrj, tri!;
DAMIS
Why shouldn't hear thunder, Timocles ? But
I
159
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KaO" TjfjLMV fcal d-Trdyei avTov<^ dva^ad^ievo'; tcov
coTcov 6 Aa/JLi(;;
MflMOS
(reipiiv
'AWd av, 0) Zed, oirorav^ Oe\v(Ty<;,
TIMOKAH2
fcardpare, ireirXevKa^i ijBr} TTore;
4G RtVe fioi, 0)
AAMI2
Kal 7roWdfCi<;, o) Tt^o/cXet?.
TIMOKAH2
OuKOVV €(p6pe [xev vfxd^ t6t€ i) aV€fio^ ep.iriiT'Tcov
DAMIS
Yes, often, Timocles.
TIMOCLES
Well, you were kept in motion then, were you not,
either by the wind striking the canvas and filling the
sails, or else by the rowers, but the steering was
done by a single man in command, who kept the
vessel safe ?
DAMIS
Yes, certainly.
TIMOCLES
Then do you suppose that while the ship would
not sail if she were not steered, this universe keeps
in motion unsteered and unofficered ?
ZEUS
Good ! Timocles put that very shrewdly, with a
valid illustration.
DAMIS
Why, Timocles, you superlative admirer of the gods,
in the one case you would have seen the captain
always planning what had better be done and making
ready beforehand and giving orders to the crew, and
I
Iliad 8, 24.
i6i
VOL. IL M
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ovSe dXoyov ovhev n el-)(^ev rj vav<^ o fjurj XPV'
cri/jLov 7rdvTco<; /cal avajKalov rjv •TTpo<; t7)v vavn-
Xiav avTol<;'^ o Be ab<; outo<^ KvjSepvrjrrji^, ov rfj
fjbeyaXr] ravrr) vrj'l icfieardvaL d^iolf;, koX ol avv-
vavrat avrov ovSev €vXoyci)<; ovSe Kara Tr]V d^iav
ScardTTOvaiv, aXX' o fiev irporovo^, el Tvyoi, i<;
T7]v diroreraTaiy ol TroSe? 8' e? rrjv
irpyfivav
TTpwpav d/ji(j)6T€poi' Kol ')(pvaal fxev al dyKvpai
eviore, 6 ')(^7]VLcrK0<; Be /io\v^Bov<;, kol rd fxev
v(f)a\a fcaTdypa(f)a, rd Be e^aXa t^? z^eco? dfiop<j)a.
48 fcal avTcov Be rcov vavrcov cBocf; dv rov fxev dpyov
Kol dre'^voi^ koX droXfiov 7r/)09 rd epya Bi,fioipiT7]v
rj rpifJboipiTrjVy rov Be KaTaKoXvfJL^rjaai re dofcvov
/cal iirl TTjv /cepatav dvaTrrjBrjaaL pdBtov kol elBora
T(ov 'x^pTjcTLfioiv eKaara jxovov, tovtov ^ dvrXecv
TTpoaTeraypLevov rd Be avrd koI ev rol^ eiri-
^draif;, fiaariyiav fjuev riva ev irpoeBpia irapd
rov Kvj^epvrjrt'jv fca67]/jLevov fcal 6epa7rev6/ievov,
Kol dXXov KivaiBov rj rrarpaXoiav rj lepoavXov
vTreprifico/jLevov koX rd d/cpa rr}<^ veob<i /careiXr)-
(f)6ra, ')(apievra^ Be 7roXXov<; ev p^vx^ '^^^ (TKd-
001^9 arevoxf^pov pievov^ koI viro roov rrpo's dXrj-
Oeiav x^^P^vcov TrarovpLevovi;' evvoqaov yovv ottco^;
piev ^(jdKpdrr]<^ kol ^ApLareiBr}<^ errXevaav kol <S>a)-
KLcov, ovBe rd dX<pira Biap/crj exovre<i ouBe drro-
relvai rov<^ iroBa^ Bwdpuevoi eirl yvpLvcov rcov
aaviBcov irapd rov dvrXov, ev oaoL'; Be dyaOol^
KaXXta? koX MetSta9 Ka\ XapBavdrraXXo^;, vvrep-
rpv(pcovre'i koI rcov v(j> avrol^ Kara7rrvovre<;.
49 ToLuvra ev rfj vr]t gov yiverai, o) aocpcorare
^ t /XT] . . . avro7s text 3- &
:
H-'hXP^'*^^^ ^'' aifTois y.
^ t/cocTTO ix6uov, rovTov Jacobs : eKaara, /jl6vov tovtov vulg.
162
ZEUS RANTS
the ship would contain nothing at all that was
profitless and senseless, that was not wholly useful
and necessary to them for their voyage. But in the
other case your captain, the one who, you say, is in
command of this great ship, manages nothing in a
sensible or fitting way, and neither do the members
of his crew the forestay is carried aft, maybe, and
;
163
M 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Tt/xo«r\ef?* Sta tovto at vavaylat fivpiat. el Be Tt?
Kvl3€pv)]T7)<; iipearct)^ ecopa koI BUraTrev CKaara,
irpoiTOV fjiev ovk av rjyvorjaev oXTLve<i ol '^pijarol
Koi o'lTLve^i ol <^av\oi rcop ifiTrkeovrcdv, eireira
eKacTTCp Kara rrjv a^iav ra irpoai^Kovra ciTrevei-
fi6V av, ')((opav re rr]v ajbLelvo) tol<; a/juelvocrt Trap*
avTOV avco, rr^z^ Kara) Be tol<; '^eipoaL, koI (Tvcrat-
T01/9 eartv 01)9 Kal av/x^ovXav^; iiroii^aaj av, koX
T(av vavTcbv fxev irpoOvpLO'^ rj irpcppa^^ iTTifMeXyrr)^
uTreBeBeLKT^ av rj tol'^ov apx^ov rj Trdvro)^ irpo tcov
aXkcov, Be OKvrjpb^ Kal paOvpuof; eiraieT av Tcp
Ka\o}Bi(£i irevTCLKL^ rrjf; r)/jLepa<i el<; rrjv fce(f)a\7]v.
cocrre aoi, 03 Oav/idaLe, to t?}? veco^ tovto irapd-
Becy/xa KLvBvvevet '7repLTeTpd(j>dai Ka/cov tov kv-
^epvrjTOV t€TV')(7]k6<;}
MnM02
50 TavTL fiev rjBr] KaTa povv irpo^^p^^ tw Ad/jLiBi
fcal 7r\7](7LaTL0<i eirl Trjv VLKrjv (f)€peTai.
ZET2
^Op6(o<i, ft) McoyLte, eLKd^et^;. 6 8' ovBev iaxvpov 6
Ti/jLo/c\rj<i eiTLVoel, dWd to, kolvcl TavTa Kal Kad^
rj/xepav dWa eir dWoi<; evTrepLTpeiTTa trdvTa
eiravTXel.
TIM0KAH5
51 OvKovv iirel tt)? V6(b<; to irapdBeLyfjua ov irdvv
(TOt IcT'^vpbv eBo^ev elvai, aKovaov rjBrj Trjv lepdv,
(j)acrLV, dyKvpav Kal fjv ovBe/jna P'rjX^^V diroppi]-
J6t9.
ZET5
Ll ttots apa kul epeu;
164
ZEUS RANTS
greatest of sages, and that is why the disasters are
countless. But if there were really a captain in
command who saw and directed ever3'thing, first of
all he would not have failed to know who w ere the
good and who were the bad among the men aboard,
and secondly he would have given each man his due
according to his worth, giving to the better men the
better quarters beside him on deck and to the worse
the quarters in the hold some of them he Avould
;
TIMOCLES
Well then, as my comparison of the ship did not
seem to you very valid, attend now to my sheet-
anchor, as they call it, which you can't by any possi-
bility cut away.
ZEUS
What in the world is he going to say ?
165
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TIMOKAH2
"I3ot9 'yap el cLKoXovOa ravra avWoyi^ofiai, koI
el TTTj avra ^vvarov aoi TTepLTpey\rai. el yap elai
AAM12
"'Hi' Trporepov yeXdaw e<; Kopov, airoapivovfiai
a Ok,
TIMOKAH2
'PsXKa eoLKa<; ovSe iravaeaOat, ye\MV elire Se
oyL6«9 oiTT) aoL yeXolov eBo^e to elprjfMevov elvai.
AAMI5
"Otl ovk aladdvrj diro Xeirrrj^ Kpofcrj^; i^ayfrd'
pbevo^ (Tov Tr}v dj/cvpav, Kal ravra lepav ovcrav
ro yap elvat Oeov<i rw /Scop^ov^ elvai avvhrjcra^
oUl iroi-qaaaBai air avrcov rov
IcT'^vpov opfiov.
TIM0KAH2
52 'Op^oXoyet^ roivvv rjrrriaOat irpoainoiv;
AAM12
Nat, S) av yap loairep ol v-rro nvcov
TLp.6KXet<;.
Pia^6p.evoL i-rrl rov<; ^wpov^^ r^pZv Karaire^evya^;.
TIMOKAH5
Elpcovevrj ravra tt/jo? ep.e, rvp^wpvx^ fccu p.iape
166
;
ZEUS RANTS
TIMOCLES
See whether I frame this syllogism logically^ and
\\hether you can capsize it in any way. If there are
altars, there are also gods but there are altars,
;
tell you.
TIMOCLES
Well, it you would never stop laughing
looks as if
tell me, though, how you thought what I said was
funny.
DAMIS
Because you do not that your anchor is
see
—
attached to a slender string and it's your sheet-
anchor at that Having hitched the existence of
!
DAMIS
Yes, Timocles, men threatened with
for like
violence from some quarter or other, you have taken
refuge at the altars. Therefore I vow by the sheet-
anchor, I want to make an agreement with you now,
right at the altars, not to dispute any more on this
topic.
TIMOCLES
Are you mocking me, you ghoul, you miscreant,
you abomination, you gallows-bird, you scum of the
earth ? Don't we know who your father was, and
167
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
aov eiTopvevejOy kol 0)9 top aBeXcfiop direTrvt^af;
KoX ixoi')(eveL'^ koX tcl fietpafcta hta(f)6€Lp€i<^,
^^X~
rorare koX avaKryyvTOTaTe; /jltj (pevye 8' ovv, eco^;
Kol 7r\rjya<s Trap e/mou Xa^cov aireXOr]^' ijSr} yap
ZET2
53 'O pbhf ye\o)v, m
aireicnv, o h aKoKovOel
Oeol,
KararpvcfiMVTa top Adf,uv,
\otBopovjbLevo<; ov cpepcoi'
Kal €0iK6 irard^eiv avrov rw Kepdfifo e? tijv kg-
(f>a\rjv. ijp^et^ Se tL Trocco/iev errl tovtol^;;
EPMH2
'O/j^co? eKelvo /uloi o KO)/jii,KO<; elprjKevaL SoKet,
Pdp^apoL T€ diravTe^,
ZEY2
'AXXa, ft) *FjP/jL7], to tou Aapeiov irdvv A'aXw?
e^ov iarivy elirev iirl rov Zcoirvpov Mare Kal
auT09 i^ov\6/jLr)v dv eva tovtov ex^iv rov Adfitv
(TV/jL/ia^ov rj pbvpia^ fioi ^a^vXcova^ vTrdp^eiv,
i6g
ZEUS RANTS
how your mother was a courtesan^ and thai you
strangled your brother and you run after women and
corrupt the young, you height of all that's lewd and
shameless ? Don't run away Take a thrashing !
ZEUS
One going away laughing, gods, and the other
is
ZEUS
Yes, Hermes, but what Darius said about Zopyrus
is very much in point too. I myself had rather have
169
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
A Cynic sermon in praise of poverty, cast in the form of a
dialogue between Micyllus the cobbler, who figures also in
The Downward Journey, and his cock, who is Pythagoras
reincarnated.
ONEIPO^ H AAEKTPTIIN
MIKYAA02
1 ^AWa fcaKiare aXe/crpvcov, o Zi€v<; avTO<;
aey
(pdovepov ovrco koI 6^v(f)covov ovra, 09
iiTiTpi^lreLe
fX€ Trkovrovvra koI rjSiaTw oveipcp avvovra fcal
OavfiaaTrjV evSac/bboviav evSatjuLOVovvTa hidropov
re Kol yeycovb'^ dvaffo7]aa<; i7rrj<y€Lpa<;, co? /jli]8€
vvKToyp yovv rrjv irokv crov fiiapcorepav ireviav
Sta(f)vyoL/jii. KaiTOL et ye ')(pr) refc/jLalpeaOai rfj re
r)(TV)(^ia TToWfj €TL 0V(T7] KoX T(h KpV€L fjLTjSeTrcO fie
AAEKTPrnN
Mt/cfXXe ')(apLela6ai aot
BecTTTOTa,
wfirjv tl
(fiOdvwv Trj<; oiroaov
vvkto<^
Bvval/nrjv, co? e^oi?
opOpevofJievo^ Trpoavveiv Ta iroXXd tmv epycov el ^
yovv irplv dvaTelXai rjXtov jiiav KprjirlBa e^epyd"
1 et A.M.H. : ^ (or T/) 7 ; f\v (and ipydffy) fi.
172
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
MICYLLUS
Why^ you scurvy cock, may Zeus himself annihilate
you for being so envious and shrill-voiced 1 was
!
173
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
aaio, irpo o^ov ear) rovro eV ra d\(f>tTa ireTTOvrj-
K(i)^. el he aoL KaOevheiv i]BioVy e^o) fxev rjav')(^d-
(TOfial aoi Kol TToXv d(f)covorepo<i eaofiat, roov
l')(6v(0Vy av Be opa otto)? /jur) ovap ttXovtcov Xl/icot-
Tr]<; dve'yp6fjLevo<;.
MIKTAA02
2 n Zev repdarce kol 'Y{pdKXei<i dXe^LfcaKe, rt to
KaKov TovTo eartv; dvOpcoTTLVco^; eXdXr^aev 6 dXe-
KTpvcov.
AAEKTPrnN
Elra a 01
Tepa? elvac BokcI to tolovtov, el
ofjio^wvo^ vpuv elfJbi;
MIKTAA02
IIco? yap ov Tepa<^; dXX dTroTpeiroLTe, co Oeoi,
TO Betvov d(f)^ r)/jL(t)v.
AAEKTPTHN
Xv p.0L BofceL<;, ^liKvXXe, KO/juBfj drraiBevTO^i
o)
^74
! !
MICYLLUS
Zeus, god of miracles, and Heracles, averter of
harm ! what the devil does this mean ? The cock
talked like a human being
COCK
Then do you think it a miracle if I talk the same
language as you men ?
MICYLLUS
Why isn't it a miracle ? Gods, avert the evil
omen from us
COCK
It appears to me, Micyllus, that you are utterly un
educated and haven't even read Homer's poems, for in
them Xanthus, the horse of Achilles, saying good-bye
to neighing forever, stood still and talked in the
thick of the fray, reciting whole verses, not prose as
I did indeed he even made prophecies and foretold
;
anything out of the way, and the one who heard him
did not invoke the averter of harm as you did just now.
thinking the thing ominous.^ Moreover, what would
you have done if the stem of the Argo had spoken to
you as it spoke of old,^ or the oak at Dodona had
prophesied with a voice of its own or if you had ;
175
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eS/309 oiv XaXco-TaTOV koX XoyLcordTOV 6eo)v airdv-
T(ov KoX ra dWa ajj^oUaiTo^ v/iiv kol (Ji)VTpO(\)o^ ov
%aXe7rcL>9 e^xeWov i/c/uiad/jaeaOai rrjv dvOpcoTrivrjv
(t)a)vr)V. el Be ix^fiuOrjaeLV viroaxoto fioi, ovk av
AAEKTPXnN
"AKOve TOivvv TrapaSo^orarov aoi ev oI3' oTt
Xoyovy 0} MiKvXXe- ovroal yap 6 vvv aoc dXe-
KTpVCbV (f)aLv6/jL6VO^ OV IT pO TTOXXOV dvO pWITO^ TJV.
MIKTAA02
"E-KovG-d TV fcal irdXai toiovtov afxeXei irepl
vpcov ft)9 'AXeKTpvd)v Tt9 veavi(7K0<; (^iXo^ yevoiro
Tco "A pel Kal o-VfiTTLVoi TW 6e(p koI avy/ca)fxd^0L
Kal
kUvcovol)] tmv epcoTLKOiV elirore yovv dTTtot irapd
rrjv pLOiX^vawv 6 ^'Apr]^, eTrdyeaOai
\\<f)poSLT7]v
Kal TOV 'AXeKrpvova, Kal iiTeihy^iTep tov "HXlov
pLaXicJTa v(f)ecopdTO, fjurj KaTihcbv e^eiiroL irpo^ tov
"H.(l)ataTov, e^o) 7rp09 Tat9 Ovpat^ diroXeiTreiv
del
COCK
Listen, then, to an account which will be quite
incredible to you, I am very sure, Micyllus. I who
now appear to you in the guise of a cock was a man
not long ago.
MICYLLUS
I heard something to that effect about you cocks a
good while ago. They say that a young fellow
named Alectryon (Cock) became friends with Ares
and drank with the god and caroused with him and
shared his amorous adventures at all events, when-;
avrov ek tovtl to
'A\6KTpv6vo<; fcal fieTa/Sakelv
jov Xocj^ov
Spveov avTol<; ottXol^, cI)9 ert tov Kpdvov<;
'iyetv eirlttj Ke^oXfj, ha tovto vfict^ airoXoyov-
ataer).
^kvov^ T(b''Ap€L 6t ovhh 6cpe\o^,i'7T€L6ap
irpo iroXkov fioav
(jde ave\eva6pievov tov rfXiov,
i'jn(T7)iJLaivofJLevov^ ti^v avaTo\r]V
avTOV.
AAEKTPTnN
4 ^aal fJL6VTavra, w MUvWe, to Be ifiov
fcal
"^^'^-
hepolSv TL eyeveTO, Kal iravv evayx^^ ^^^
Tpvova <JOi iJLeTaPel3r}fca,
MIKYAA02
IIw?; e^eXft) yap tovto fiaXiaTa elBevau
AAEKTPTHN
AK0vec<; Tiva UvOayopav Mvyjaapx^'^V^ ^a-
^
fJLLOV;
MIKYAA05
Tov aocj)L(TTr)V XeyeL^, tov aXa^^va, 09 ivofwOe-
TU MTe Kp6MV yeveaOai /x;;t6 Kvd/xoy^ laeieiv,
r]Bi(jT0v ifiol yovv ofov eKTpdire^ov^ d7TO(f)atv(ov,
he Be irelOcov tou9 dvOpoiirovi ft)9 Trpo tov UvOa-
178
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
betrayed his post, and Helius unexpectedly stole
upon Aphrodite with Ares, who was sleeping peace-
fully because he relied on Alectryon to tell him if
anyone came near. So Hephaestus found out from
Helius and caught them by enclosing and trapping
them in the snares that he had long before contrived
for them and Ares, on being let go in the plight in
;
MICYLLUS
How ? That is what I want to know above all
else.
COCK
of a man
Have you ever heard named Pythagoras,
the son of Mnesarchus, of Samos ?
MICYLLUS
You mean the who made laws
sophist, the quack,
against tasting meat and eating beans, banishing
from the table the food that I for my part like best
of all, and then trying to persuade people that be-
fore he became Pythagoras he was Euphorbus (Well-
^ The story is told in the Odyssey 8, 300-366, and repeated
by Lucian in Dialogues of the Gods, 21.
179
N 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
yopov ^v(f)opl3o(; jevoiTo; ^ yo^jra (fyacrc kol repa-
Toupyov dvdpcoTTOv, 0) aXefcrpvcov.
AAEKTPrnN
EiK€Lvo<; avTo<; iyco aoi elfjn o Ilv6ayopa<;. cocrre
TraO', ayyaOe, \oLSopovfjL€v6<; /jLol, kol ravra ovk el-
MICYLLUS
Now this is far more miraculous than the other
thing A philosopher cock Tell me, though, son
! !
COCK
What are they ?
MICYLLUS
One thing is that you are very noisy and loud-
voiced, whereas he recommended silence for five
whole years, I believe. The other is actually quite
illegal I came home yesterday, as you know, with
;
MIKTAA02
Aeyot<; civ co? epbotye vTrep^jBiaTOV dv to aKovcTfia
yevocTO, Scrre et Ti9 aipeaiv irpoOeir), irorepa /xdX-
\ov iOeXo) (Tov dKOveiv rd roLaura Bie^t6vT0<; rj
Tov iravevSaifiova oveipov e/celvov av6L<; opav tov
p,LKpov epLirpoaOeVy ovk olSa oirorepov dv e\oip.rjv'
ouTO)? dheX^d r^yovyuat rd ad rot? tjSlcttois (pavel-
<Ti KCii ev 'iarj v/j,d<; Tififj dyco, ere re KCtX to ttoXv-
Ti/JLr)T0V eVVlTVLOV.
AAEKTPYnN
"Eri ydp (TV dvaTepjTrd^T} tov oveipov o(ttl<; rroTe
6 (paveis croL rjv tcai Tiva lvSd\p,aTa fiuTaia Sia-
(hvXd.TTeis, fcevrjv koI &)? iroirjTiKo^ \0709 (f)Tjalv
dpLevr}V7]v Tiva evSac/jioviav tj} fivyjfjbrj /neTaSicoKcov;
MIKYAA02
'AXV ov8^ e'iTLXr)<jop.ai iroTe, 6) dXeKTpvcov, ev
laOi, Ti]<; 6yfre(o<; iK€LV7]<;' ovtcj pboi ttoXv to p^eXt
KaTaXnrcov (p')(eTo, 0)9
iv T0t9 6(f)0aXfjboL<; o 6veipo<;
p,oyt<; dvoiyeiv Td ^Xe(f)apa vir avTov eh virvov
avdt^i /caTaairdopieva. olov yovv ev toI<; coal Td
iTTepd epyd^eTai aTpecbop^eva, toiovtov ydpyaXov
7rapei')(eT6 fiot ra opcop^eva.
182
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
COCK
Why, Micyllus, you don't know what the reason
foi these rules is, and what is good for particular
modes of existence. FoiTnerly I did not eat beans
because I was a j)hilosoj)her, but now I can eat them
because they are fit food for a bird and are not for-
bidden to us. But listen if you like, and I'll tell
you how from Pythagoras I became what I am, and
what existences I formerly led, and what I profited
by each change.
MICYLLUS
Do tell me, be more than delighted
for I should
to hear it. Indeed, if anyone were to let me choose
whether I preferred to hear you tell a story like that
or to have once more that blissful dream I had a
little while ago, I don't know which would be my
choice for in my estimation what you say is close
;
183
. THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
AAEKTPrnN
^HpaKXei^, heivov riva (^7)9 tov ovetpov} et ye
TTTrjvo^; cov, W9 (f>acnv, koI opov e'xwv t^9 7rT7;creo.>9
TOV VTTVOV virep ra ecrKaiijueva ijSr] in-jSa koI iv-
Biarpl^ei averoyoai toI^ o(^6a\fjiol<^ iJieki')(^po<; ovtw^;
fcal ivapyr)<^ (pacvopevo^;' iOeXco yovv aKOvaat 0I09
Ti<; eartv ovrco aot TptTToOrjro^; 6)V.
MIKYAA02
''ET0fc//-09 Xeyeiv rjBv yovv to pepivrjaOai koX
Bie^tevaL tl Trepl avTov. av Be irrfVLKa, oi TlvOayopa,
Biriyrjar) tcl irepl tmv p,6Ta/3o\a)v;
AAEKTPTHN
^KireiBav av, m MiKvWe, iravarj oveipcoTTCOv Kal
aTTo^^i'^crrj airo twv
to pbekr vvv Be
/SXecfxipcov
irpoTepo^ pdOo) €lt6 Bia tcov iXecpavrlvcov
elire, ct)9
MIKTAA02
"Ea )(^aipei.v tov Xrjpov eKslvov TTotrjTyv ovBev
elBoTa oveipcov irept. ol irevrjTe'; icr(o<i oveipoi Bia
TMV TOiovTODV i^iacTiv, 0101/9 €K€ivo<; icopa ovBe
irdvv aa<f)(t)<; TV(f)Xo<i avT0<; mv, ipuol Be Blo, ')(^pvaci)v
rhv Upwra tov Ivvnviov (or rhv epcora cprjs rov ii^uirviov) MSS.
184
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
COCK
Heracles By what you say, Master Dream is an
!
COCK
When you stop dreaming, Micyllus, and rub the
honey out of your eyes. At present, you speak
first, so that I may find out whether it was through
185
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
auTO? Kal %/3f o'a irdvTa 7r€pi/3€^\rj/iievo<; Koi ttoXv
eirayo/JLevo^; ')(^pv(Tiov.
AAEKTPrflN
Have, ft) Miha /BeXricrTe, XP^f^oXojMV arexvm
yap ifc T?J9 eKeivov aot €vx^l^ "to evvirvwv Kav
jULeraXKa 6\a p^/3ucreta K€K0i/jbrja6ai iwi SoKel^;.
MIKTAA02
UoXv, ft) Ylvdayopa, ^/jfo-to?^ elSov, iroXv, ttw?
AAEKTPrriN
MIKTAA02
N^ Ata avTo tovto- wairep yap rovfiov ivv-
TTVtov Ihoov 6 UbvSapo'; ovto)<; eiraivel to %/}Lfc7toi/.
86
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
came through gates of gold^ and it was gold itself
and all dressed in gold and brought heaps of gold
Avith it.
COCK
Stop babbling of gold, most noble Midas. Really
your dream was just like Midas' prayer, and you
appear to me to have slept yourself into whole gold-
mines.
MICYLLUS
I saw a Pythagoras, a lot you can't
lot of gold, ;
MICYLLUS
That is it, by Heaven Pindar praises gold as
!
MIKYAA02
'EttcI 8e heLirvrjaa^ iiravrjXOov, kicdOevhov ev9v<;
TOv<; Kvd/jLOV<; croc irapajBaXwv, elrd /loi Kara rov
'OjJiripov " d/jL^p0(7ir]v Bia vvktu " ^eto? T£? &)?
dXr]6(o<; oveipo^ i7naTd<; . . .
AAEKTPTnN
To. irapd Tft) ^vKparei irporepov, w Mt/cfXAe,
Stjjyrjaac, /cat to helirvov olov ey^v€T0 /cat to, iv ro)
(TVfjLiToaifp irdvTa' KcoXvec yap ovSev avOi<; <je Sei-
TTvetv oveipov Tiva tov SeiTrvov eKeivov
odairep
dvairXdTTOvra fcal dvajxapvKiajxevov ttj /JLvrj/nr) to,
iSe/Spcofieva.
MIKYAA02
9 "fli./jLr)v koX raOra hLr)yoviievo^' iirel
ivo')(Xt]aeiv
Be (TV Koi By] Xeyw.
TTpoOv/jLTj, ov irpoTepov, w
Uvfayopa, irapd irXovaicp tlv\ BeiTrvrjaa^ iv
diravTL T(p jSlrp, TV')(r} tivI dya6fj ivTvy^dvco
^^e? T(p "EiVKpdTei, Ka\ iyco jnev irpocreiTrcbv avTOV
Mcrirep eldaOeiV BeairoTrjv dTrrjXXaTTO/nTjv, &)? /jlt)
i88
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
COCK
I know very well
tliat I went hungry all day
;
COCK
First tell me what happened at Eucrates', Micyllus,
how the dinner was and all about the drinking-
party afterwards. For there is nothing to hinder
you from dining all over again by making up a dream
so to speak, about that dinner and chewing the cud
of your food in fancy.
MICYLLUS
I thought I should bore you by telling all that, but
since you want it, here goes. I never before dined
with a rich man in all my life, Pythagoras, but by
a stroke of luck I met Eucrates yesterday after ;
can't dine with us, you must take a bath and come in
his place, unless, to be sure, the man I invited says
1 Iliad 2, 5G.
189
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
6 ye k\'}]0€1<^ auT09 ecTrrf d(f>i^€cr6ai, ct)9 vvv ye
cificpi/SoXo'^ ecTTLV. TovTO ciKovaa^i iyo) irpoa-
tcvvrjaa^ airrjeLV €V')(^6fievo<i airaai 6eol<; rjiriakov
Tiva Tj TrXevpcTLV rj TroSdypav eirLireiJ/y^aL T<p
fxaXafCi^ojiievq^ eKeivoi ou ecpeSpo^; iyoo /cal civri-
heiTTvo^ Kol SLdSo)(^o<; i/c€/c\i']fi7]V' KoX TO ci')(^pi rod
doubtful." On
hearing this I made obeisance to him
and went away, praying to all the gods to send an
attack ot ague or pleurisy or gout to the invalid
whose substitute and diner-out and heir I had been
invited to become. I thought it an interminable
age until my bath, and kept looking all the while
to see how long the shadow was and when it would
at last be time to bathe.
When the lime finally came, I scrubbed myself
with all speed and went off very well dressed, as 1
had turned my cloak inside out so that the garment
might show the cleaner side. I met at the door a
number of peoj^le, and among them, carried on the
shoulders of four bearers, the man whose place I was
to have filled, who they said was ill and in fact he
;
191
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
(ppocrvvT]^ ov irpoaeTToielTO aKrjKoevai rov (tkco/jl-
192
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
was so great that he pretended not to have heard
the sally. In a moment Eiicrates joined us after his
bath, and on seeinor Thesmopolis —
for that was the
philosopher's name —
he said " Professor, it was very
:
the wolf if it did not stop crying, and the wolf waited all
day for the baby, only to go home disappointed. (Aesop,
275 Halm.)
VOL. II. O
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
'X^pvaa Koi Sicikovol oopaloi koI fjuovaovpyol Kal
yeXcoTOTTOLol /nera^v, Kal 6\co<; ij^larr] rt? rjv rj
AAEKTPrnN
Ou^ rjhicrTov, 0) ^IlkuWe, Kal fidXicrra iirel
avveK\7)pai9ri^ to) Xrjpw eKeivw yepovn.
MIKYAA02
12 "Akov€ Se ijSr] Kal to Ivvitvlov' (pfit'^v yap rov
EiVKpdT7]i'avTov airacSa ovra ovk ol8 ottco'^ dirc-
6v7]aK€iv, elra TrpoaKaXiaavrd fie Kal hiaOrjKa^;
Oepuevov ev al<; o K\y]povG/jLO'^ yv dirdiTcov eyco,
diroOavelv ifiavTov he irapeX-
fjiiKpov eina')(^6vTa
Oovra €9 Ttjv ovaiav to fiep ')(pvaL0V Kal to
dpyvptov e^avTXelv aKd(f)at<^ Tial fxeydXau^ devaov
Te Kal TToXv eiTLppeov, to, K ciXXa, ti]v eaOrfTa Kal
Tpa7re^a<; Kal eKTrcojaaTa Kal hiaKovov^, irdvTa ifia
CO? TO etA:o9 elvac. elTa e^rjXavvov iirl XevKov
^evyov<;, i^VTTTid^cop, 7repLffXe7rT0<; diradi TOt?
opcocTi Kal e7ricl:6ovo^. Kal irpoeOeov ttoXXoI kol
irapiirirevov^ Kal e^irovTO 7rXeiov<;. 6760 Be ttjv
eaOrjTa ti-jv eKeivov t'^wi^ Kal BaKTvXiov^ ^apel^
^ ixa/nrtievov Mehler : 'iTpoL-!Tnevoy IviSS.
194
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
and there were goblets of gold and handsome
waiters and musicians and clowns withal. In short_,
we were delightfully entertained, except for one
thing that annoyed me beyond measure: Thesmopolis
kept bothering me and talking to me about virtue,
whatever that may be, and teaching me that two
negatives make an affirmative, and that if it is day
it is not night and sometimes he actually said that I
;
COCK
It was not of the pleasantest, Micyllus, as your
lot was cast with that silly old man.
MICYLLUS
Now listen to my dream. I thought that Eucrates
himself had somehow become childless and lay dying,
and that, after sending for me and making a ^vill in
which I was heir to everything, he lingered a Avhile
and then died. On entering into possession of tlie
property, I dipped up the gold and the silver in
great bowlfuls, for there was an ever-flowing, copious
stream of it and all the rest, too the clothing
; —
and tables and cups and waiters ail was mine, of —
course. Then I drove out behind a pair of white
horses, holding my head high, the admiration and
the envy of all beholders many ran before me and
;
rode beside me, and still more followed after me, and
I with his clothing on and my fingers covered with
^ For this and other Stoic fallacies, see Liician I. p. 437 and
note 2.
195
o 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
oaov eKKaiSe/ca 6^7]/ui/j.evo<; tmv BaKTvXcov ifceXevov
eaTiaaiv rcva Xa/xirpav evrpeinadrjvat e? viro-
ho')(r]v TMV (piXcov ol Be, &)? ep oveipco €lfc6<;, i'^hrj
AAEKTPTHN
13 Ovro) cf)LX6xp^<^o<; el Kal ^iXoirXovro^;, w Mt-
KvXXe^ Kal jxovov tovto e^ dTravrc^ 0avpid^ei<; Kal
yyfj evBaLfxov eivai, ttoXv KeKTrjcrOai '^(pvcriov;
MIKTAA02
OvK ejo) /.l6vo<;, o) TLvdayopa, tovto, dXXa Kal
av auTo?, oTTOTe ^v(^op^o<; rjada, ')(^pvcrov Kal dp-
jvpov e^r]p.pevo^ tmv l3oaTpv)(^u>v fjei^ iroXefJurjawv
T0Z9 ^ K')(aiols } Kal ev T6) TroXepiw, evOa aiBrjpocpopeLV
dpeivov rjv, o'v Be Kal tot€ r)^iov<; ^/Ofcrft) dvaBeBe-
fjievo^ Tou? irXoKup^ov^; BiaKLvBvvevaeLV. KaL p.01
BoKel 6 "Ofirjpof; Bed tovto ^apiTeaaiv 6pL0ia<;
elirelv crov rav Kopbaq, otl
" ')/pvaa) re Kal dpyvpo)
e(j<^rjKoovToy p,aKpa) yap djj.eivov<; BrjXaBr) Kal
ipaapicoTepat e^aivovTO avvavaTreirXeypevac tw
ypvaicp Kal crvvaTToXdpTrovaai fxeT avTOv. KaiTOi
ra puev crd, co ')(^pvaoK6p.i], peTpia, el TIdvOov vi6<;
cbv €Tipa<; TO ')(pvo-lov' 6 Be irdvTcov Oecov TraTJjp
196
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
heavy them, was giving orders
rings^ fully sixteen of
for a splendid feast to be prepared for the entertain-
ment of my friends. In a moment they were there,
as is natural in a dream, and the dinner was being
served, and the drinking-bout was under way. While
I was thus engaged and Avas drinking healths with
COCK
x'\re you such a lover of gold and of riches,
Micyllus, and is owning quantities of gold the only
thing in the world that you admire and consider
blissful .''
MICYLLUS
I am not the only one to do so, Pythagoras you :
AAEKTPrnN
'EkOKKV^OV, /JLOVOV fJiOl TOTS SvvaTOV TjV. TL S'
MIKTAA02
''Kve^LO^ rjv avTM 7rXovcrLo<; e? vTrepPoXrjV,
ApLfJLv\o<; Tovvo/xa, ovto^ ^cov fxev ovhe o^oXov
A
'6vco5 tt.v &\\cosl a-rroonSffaTO dc Jong
"- knwfxSffaro MSS.
:
19^
i
—
MICYLLUS
So was he that stole it and then swore by so
it
many gods that he did not ? But why didn't you
cry out and tell on him then, cock, when you saw us
being plundered ?
COCK
I crowed, and that was all that I could do at the
time. But what about Simon ? You seemed to be
going to say something about him.
MICYLLUS
He had a cousin whp was enormously rich, named
Drimylus. This fellow while he was alive never gave
199
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eScoKC TO) ^l/jLcoi'L —
jdp, o<? ovSe avTo<; rjirrero
TTco?
TMV ')(^pr]/jLdTCi}v; direOave Trpcprjv, dwavra
iirel Se
eKetva Kara tov<; v6/iiov<; Xifjio)v6<; ecm, Kai vvv
eKelvo^ 6 TO, paKia rd Tnvapd, 6 to rpv^Xiov
TTeptXeiycdv, d(TfjL€vo<; i^eXavvec dXovpyrj kol vayt-
vol3a(f)7] d/jLTre^o/mevo^, olfcira^; Koi ^evyrj koI
'^(^pvcrd €K7rd)/jLaTa koI iXec^avroiroha'^ rpa7re^a<;
200
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
a —
penny to Simon why should he, when he himself
did not touch his money ? But since his death the
other day all his property is Simon's by law, and now
he, the man with the dirty rags, the man that used
to lick the pot, takes the air pleasantly, dressed in
fine woollens and royal purple, the owner of servants
and carriages and golden cups and ivory-legged
tables, receiving homage from everybody and no
longer even giving a glance at me. Recently, for
example, I saw him coming toward me and said,
"Good-day, Simon"; but he replied: "Tell that
pauper not to abbreviate my name it is not Simon ;
treasure," ^ and
"'Tis gold that over mortal men doth rule."^
But why did you interrupt me by laughing, cock ?
COCK
Because in your ignorance, Micyllus, you have
gone just as far astray as most people in regard to
the rich. Take my word for it, they live a much
^ He adopts a name better suited to his new position in
society ; of. Timon 22.
2 The
girdle of Aphrodite Iliad U, 214 ff. :
20I
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Xeyw he. croi koI TTevi)^ koI TrXovcrto? 7ro\XdKt<^
yevofievo'i koI airavrof; /Slov ireireLpafievo^' fiera
/jLt/cpbv Be KoX avTOf; etcrr) eKaara.
MIKTAA02
N^ Ata, Katpo<; yovv tj^tj koI ere elirelv 07rtw9
rjWdyri<^ Kol a avvotaOa tm ftiw eKaarcp.
AAEKTPYnN
Akovc ToaovTOv ye 7rpo€LBci)<;, fxtjSeva /xe aou
evSat/jbovearepop ^tovvra ecopa/cevac.
MIKTAA02
oXeKTpvcov; ovro) aol yevotro- irpodyj)
*K/jiov, c5
yap XocSopetaOat croi.
pie dWd
elire diro JLv(f)6p-
jSov dp^dp^evo^ otto)? e? UvOayopav p^ere^XijOr)';,
elra e^r]<^ ^XP^ '^^^ d\€/CTpv6vo<;' et/co? ydp ere
TTOLKLka fcal ISelv Kal nraOelv ev TroXveiSecn tol<;
I3lol<;,
AAEKTPYnN
16 'fl? p,€V ef ^AttoWcovo^; to Trpcorov rj ylrv')(^] pboi
KaraTTTapLevn e? Tr)V yrjv eveSv e? dvOpdnrov awpa
TjVTiva Trjv KaTahLKTjV e/creXovaa, piaKpov dv elrj
Xeyeiv, dXXco^; re ovSe oatov ovre epuol elirelv ovre
aol aKoveiv rd rotavra. iirel Be ^v(^op^o<;
eyev6pb7)v ...
MIKTAA02
'£70) he 7Tp6 ye rovrov, o) Oavp^dcrie, Tt9 rjv;
TOVTO pbOL irporepov enre, el Kdyoo it ore rfXXdyi'jv
oidTTep av.
AAEKTPrnN
Kai fidXa,
202
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
more wretched life than we. you have I who talk to
been both poor and rich repeatedly, and have tested
every kind of life after a little you shall hear about
:
it all.
MICYLLUS
Yes, by Heaven, it is high time now for you to
talk and tell me how you got transformed and what
you know of each existence.
COCK
Listenbut first let me tell you thus much, that 1
;
MICYLLUS
But I, —who was I formerly, wondrous creature }
First tell me whether I too was ever transformed
like you.
COCK
Yes, certainly.
203
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
MIKTAAQ2
Tt? ovv TjVy el TL e%ei9 elirelv; ideXco yap touto
elhevai.
AAEKTPTHN
%v; /jLvpj^V^ ^IvSlko^ tcov to '^puatov avopVT-
TOVTCOV.
MIKYAA02
Etra coKVovv o /ca/coSac/uLcov /cav oXiya tmv
yjrrjyfxaTcov i^Keiv 69 rov^e tov /3iov e^ eKeivov
iTTiaLTicrdjJievo^;; dWa koI tl /jLera rovro ecro/xat,
eliri' elKO<; yap elSepat ae. el yap ri dyaOov
etrjf dirdy^o/Jbat i]Sr} dva(TTa<; diro tov iraTraXov
i(f)'' ov (TV eaT^]Ka<;,
AAEKTPrnN
17 Ov/c dv /jidOoi^ TOVTO ovhefJLia /.Lrj-xapfj. TrXrju
dWd eTreiirep ^v(^opj3o^ eyevSixrjv eTrdveifiL yap —
eiT efcelva —
e/jia)(^6firjv iv Wi(p fcal airoOavcov viro
AAEKTPTflN
Kal jJidXa' ovSe yap eSei tovtcov rj /nova) tm
aco/xarc.
MIKYAA02
OvKovv ra iv ^Wlm TTporepov elire.
/noi roiavTa
Tjv old (pr](Ttv "Ojjbrjpo^ yevecrdai avra;
AAEKTPrnN
YioOev eKeiV0<; ^TrtcrTaro, w M-iKuWe, 09 yivo-
fievcov e/celvcov Ka/xi^Xo^ iv ^d/crpoi^; tjv; iyco Se
204
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
MICYLLUS
Then what was I ? Tell me if you can, for I want
to know.
COCK
You were an Indian ant, one of the gold-digging
kind.i
MICYLLUS
Confound the luck to think that I did not dare
!
COCK
Yes, certainly for they turned out to be unneces-
;
COCK
Why, where did he get his information, Micyllus ?
When all that was going on, he was a camel in
1 Herod. 3, 102.
205
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ToaovTov aoi ^r^jjn, vireocfyve^; /MrjSev <yeveadat
Tore, rov Aiavra ovrco fxeyav firjTe rrjv
jjLTjre
MIKYAA02
Elra (T6 6 MeveXaof; /xa/cpa) ev')(epeaTepov,
dXXd ravra jxev ItcavM^i, rd HvOayopov Be i]Br}
Xeye.
AAEKTPTfiN
18 To p^evoXov, co ^liicvXXe, ao(f)taT7]<; dvOpwiro^
r)V''X^pT] ydp, olpai, rdXrjdf] Xeyecv dXXQ)<; Be
ovK diraiBevTO^ ouBe dfieXeT7]T0<; tmv KaXXiajtov
206
:
COCK
I did not come into contact with him at all,
Micyllus,and I can't tell you as accurately about
the Greek side. How could I, being one of the
enemy ? His comrade Patroclus, however, I killed
without difficulty, running him through with my
spear.^
MICYLLUS
And then Menelaus killed you with much greater
ease ! But enough of this, and now tell me the
story of Pythagoras.
COCK
In brief, Micyllus, I was a sophist, for I must tell
the truth, I suppose. However, I was not unedu-
cated or unacquainted with the noblest sciences. I
COCK
Do not press that question, Micyllus.
MICYLLUS
Why, cock .''
COCK
Because I am ashamed to tell you the truth of it.
MICYLLUS
But you oughtn't to hesitate to tell a housemate
—
and a friend for I cannot call myself your master
any longer. •
COCK
It was nothing sensible or wise, but I perceived
that if I made laws that were ordinary and just
like those of the run of legislators I should not
induce men to wonder at me, whereas the more I de-
parted from precedent, the more of a figure I should
cut, I thought, in their eyes. Therefore I preferred
to introduce innovations, keeping the reason for
them secret so that one man might suess one thing
209
VOL. ri. p
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eiCTr\rjTTcovTai KaOdirep iirl tol<; daa(f>eaL tmv
'X^prjo-ficov. opa^; /carayeXa^; fiov fcai cv ev tm
jxepei.
MIKTAA02
Ov Tocrourov ocrov Kporcoviarcov Kai Mera-
TTOVTivayv koI Tapavrlvcov fcat tmv dWwv a(j>oiV(cv
AAEKTPTnN
^ Kairaaiav tijv etc McXr/TOV eTaipav*
MIKYAA02
^ev TOV \6yov, koI yvvrj yap arvv to?9 dXkot<;
AAEKTPTnN
YidvTa Tavra dWd Kal Tei~
enroiovv ov p^ovo^y
peala^ irpo e/xoO Kal o 'EXaroLf irah o KaLvev<;,
ware oiroaa dv diroaKCdy^rr}^ eU fc>e, Kal ek eK6Lvov<i
dTTO(TK(a'y^a<^ eaij.
MIKTAA02
Tt ovv; iTOTepo^ rjSlcov 6 /3io^ croi rjv, ore dvrjp
rjaOa rj ore ae 6 l[€piK\rj<; coirvLev;
2IO
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
and one another, and all be perplexed, asthey are in
the case of oracles that are obscure. Look here, you
are laughing at 7ne, now.
MICYLLUS
Not so much at you as at the people of Croton
and Metapontum and Tarentum and all the rest who
folloAved you dumbly and worshipped the footprints
that you left in walking. But after you put off the
part of Pythagoras what other did you assume ?
COCK
Aspasia, the courtesan from Miletus.
MICYLLUS
Whew, what a yarn So Pythagoras became a
!
MIKTAA02
*AXXa Kav av fxr] 6l7ry<;, iKavo)^ 6 ^^vpi^rihy)^^
AAEKTPrnN
Kal pir)v avapivr^GW ae, w MUuWe, ovk ^^9^ /^a-
irepLoSqy iroKkaKi'^,
MIKTAA02
OvK anrdy^r], w aXeKTpvocv, airavTa^ ol6p.evo^^
AAEKTPrnN
'O KVVLKO^ KpClTT]^.
MIKTAAOS
'11 ALoaKopco Tfj<; dvofiotoT^jTO^, 6^ haipa^
(biXoaocbo^;.
AAEKTPXnN
EZra jBaaiXev^, elra oXlyov aa-
irevr]^,^ /cat /xer
212
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
COCK
Just see what a question you have asked there !
MICVLLUS
Whether you tell me
or not, Euripides has settled
the business well enough, for he says that he would
sooner stand in line of battle thrice over than bear a
single child."
COCK
I'llremind you of that before long, Micyllus, when
you are in child-bed for you too will be a woman
;
COCK
Then a king, then a poor man, and soon a satrap ;
then a horse, a jackdaw, a frog, and a thousand things
besides it would take too long to enumerate them
;
213
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
a\Xoi<; Bov\€vcra<; Kal Trevrfai ^ fcal ifKovaioi^, ra
TeXevraia /cat crol vvu auveL/Jbi, /carayeXcov ocrr)/ii6pai
TTOTvico/iepov fcal ol/jLco^ovto<; errl rfj Trevia koI tou?
7TXov(jiov<; Oav/jLci^ovTo<; vii ayvoia^ rcov €K6lvoc<;
irpoaovTCDV KaKcov. el yovv ^hei^ ra<^ (f)povTLSa<i
a? exovatv, iyeXa^ av iirl aavTM Trpcorov olrjOevji
vTrepevSalfjiOva etvat top ttXovtov.
MIKTAA02
Ov/covv, CO UvOayopa — KaiTOL ri /xaXtcrra X^^'
pei<; fCaXovfjLevo<;, co? firj iTrcTapaTTOLfjuc top Xoyov
dXXoTe dXXov kcCXmv;
AAEKTPYriN
re FiV(j)opl3ov rj ^ TlvOa-
Aioiaet, /lev ovSev r]v
yopav, r)v re ^Kcnraaiav KaXf]<; rj Kpdrrjra' irdvra
yap iyo) raurd elfit. irX-qv to vvv opoifjievov touto
dXe/crpuova ovojxd^cov dfietvov av Trotot?, &)<? fiij
drt/jLa^oi^ et'TeXe? elvat So/covv to opveov, Kai
ravra Too-avTa<; ev avru) ^/ru^a? €%oi/.
MIKYAA02
21 OvKQvv, o) dXeKTpvcov, eireihri aTrdvTcov cr^eSoi'
i]8r) Tcbv /Sleov iireipdOij'^ Kal irdvra olada, Xeyoi^;
av 7]8rj cra(^co9 ISla [lev rd rcov irXovaiwv oirw^i
^iovcTLV, ISla Se ra Trroj^t/ca, co9 fid6co el dXrjOr)
ravra (prj<; evhaijiovearepov aTTOcjiaLVcov fie rdv
irXovalcov.
AAEKTPrnN
^IBoi) 8r) ovTco^ eTTiCTfce'^ar, c5 Mt/cuWe* crol jiiev
cure X070?, rjv Xeyrjrai co<; 01 iroXe-
TToXefjLOV ttoXu?
fiLOi irpoaeXavvovaLV, ovSe (ppovrl^ef; fir) rov
dypov re/jLcoacv eiJb^aXovre<; 7) rov TrapdSeiaov
^ Kol TTfVTjai Fritzsclie : ^aaiXevci kcu TreVTjtrt MISS.
2 fi Mehler : iji^ re MSS.
214
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
both rich and poor, at length I am now living with
you, laughing at you every day for bewailing and
lamenting over your poverty and for admiring the
rich through ignorance of the troubles that are
theirs. Indeed, if you knew the cares they have,
you would laugh at yourself for thinking at first
that wealth was a source of extraordinary happiness.
MICYLLUS
—
Well then, P}i;hagoras but tell me what you
like best tobe called, so that I may not muddle up
our conversation by calling you different names.
COCK
It will make no difference whether you call me
Euphorbus or Pythagoras, Aspasia or Crates I am ;
215
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
crv/Ji7rari]aa)(TLV rj ra? a//.7reX,ou9 Btjcoo-ccxtiv, aWa
T>}9 ad\7nyyo<; d/covcov ^ovov, etirep apa, irepi-
V€VLKl]KO)^.
22 'Ez^ elprjVT] re av av fxev rov h/]fiov wv dva^df;
649 ifCKXTjaiav Tvpavvel<; tojv irXovaiwv, ol he
(j)piTTOvaL Kal viroiTT'qaaovcn teal hiavopal^ iXd-
aKovrai ere. Xovrpd fjuev yap a)9 e')(pi<; Kcd 6ed-
p^ara Kal rdXXa SiapKij dnravTa, iiceivoL ttovovcti,
(TV Se 6^eraaTr}<i fcal So/cipaaTr)(; m/cpo<^ coairep
hecnrorrj^y ovBe Xoyov p^€raSL8ov<; ivlore, fcdv aot
SoKrj KaT€)(^a\d^r]aa^ avTOiv d^Oovov^ tol'9 XlOov<;
rj Ta9 ou(7ta9 avrcov 6hr)p,evaa^' oi'ne he avKO-
(f)dvT7jv 8e8ia<; avTO<; ovre Xrjarrjv p^y vcfyeXrjraL
TO ')(^pv(TLOv V7repj3d<^ to OpiyKiOV rj 8i.opv^a<; tov
Tol')(pVi ovT€ TTpdypaTa e)(ei<; Xoyt^o,aevo<; i) dirai-
Tcov rj T0i9 KaTapdTOi<; olKovopoi^ Sia'TTU/CTevcop
Kal irpo^ ToaavTa'^ (^povTiha^ p,ept^6p.evo^,
dWd KprfTTiha avvTeXeaa^ eirTa o^oXov^ tov
p^taOov e')((M)v, diravacTTd^ irepl heiXr)v o^^iav Xov-
(jdp,€vo<;, rjv Sokt}, craTrepSrfv tlvcl tj paiViSa^;
2l6
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
trample down your garden or cut down your grape-
vines ; when you hear the trumpet, at most you
simply consider yourself and where you are to turn in
order to save yourself and escape the danger. The
rich, however, not only fear for themselves but are
distressed when they look from the walls and see all
that they own in the country harried and plundered.
Moreover if it is necessary to pay a special tax, they
alone are summoned to do so, and if it is necessary
to take the field, they risk their lives in the van as
commanders of horse or foot, whereas you, with but
a Avicker shield, have little to carry and nothing to
impede your flight, and are ready to celebrate the
victory when the general offers sacrifice after Avinning
the battle.
In time of peace, on the other hand, being one of
the voters, you go to the assembly and lord it over
the rich while they quake and cringe and seek your
good will with presents. Besides, it is they who
toil that you may have baths and shows and every-
thing else to your heart's content, while you in-
vestigate and scrutinize them harshly like a master,
sometimes without even letting them say a word for
themselves and if you choose you shower them
;
217
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
/} Kpo/jL/j,u(ov K€(f>a\iBa<; 6Xiya<; irpcdfievo^ €v(f)pai-
vet<; aeavTov aScov ra iroXka koI rfj jSeXTiarrj
IlevLq 7rpoa(j>iXoao(p(A)P.
23 Sea ravra v'yiaLV6i<; re kol eppcoaat to
''flare
aco/ia Kal hiaKaprepel^ irpo^i to Kpvo^' ol irovoi
•yap (T€ 7rapa07]yovTe<; ouk €VKaTa(f)p6vr)TOV avTa-
>ya)VC(TTi]v aTTOipaiVOVcrL irpo^; tcl Sokovvtu tol'^
COCK
But as for the others, Micyllus, you can see how
sadly they come to grief when a Croesus with his
219
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
riXiiievo^ TCL Trrepa yekcoTa irapexv TiepaaL<; ava-
^ali'cov eVl Tr}V irvpav rj Alovv(Tio<; KarakvOeU t^?
TVpavviho<; ev Kopiv6cp 7pa/i/xaTtcrTr;9 ^XeTrrjrat,
fiera TijXL/cavTjjv apxv^ iraihia avWa^i^eiV Bi-
Sda/ccov.
MIKTAA02
24 EtVe pMi, 0) ciXeKTpvcov, cru Se oirore /SacrtXev^;
rjaOa — 0^? 'yap koL (SaaLkevaai irore ttolov —
Tivo^ eTTeipaOrj^; eKelvov rod fiiov; rj ttov iravev-
Ealficov rjaOa, to Ke^aXaiOV 6 ri Trip iart Tcav
a^yaOodV aTravroyv ^x^wv;
AAEKTPrnN
M^^Se avafxvy]ar)^ /xe, w Mt/cuXXe, ovtw rpia-
dOXio^ r)v Tore, rot? filv efo) irdatv oirep
ecprjaOa TraveuSai/jicov elvat Bokcov, evhodev he
fjivpiai^ dviaL<^ avvcov.
MIKYAA02
Tlac ravTat<;; irapaBo^a yap Kal ov irdvv ri
AAEKTPYnN
^RpXov fiev ovK oXiyrjf; x^pa^^, w Mt'/cuXXe,
irafji^opov TLVO^ fcal irXijdei dvOpcoircov Kau /cdWec
TToXecov ev rai? fidXiara Oav/id^eadat d^ia<;
TTora/JLOL^; re vavcniTopoL^; Karappeofxevrj^; Kal 6a-
XaTTT) evoppM XP^f^^^V^y ^^^^ crrpaTLd rjv ttoXXt]
Kal LTTiTO^ auyKeKpoT7}/jievr] Kal 8opv(j)opiKov ouk
oXiyov Kal rpLrjpeK; Kal ^/OT^/xaro)!^ TrXij^o? dvd-
piOfiov KOI XP^^^^ 7rdfjL7roXv<i Kal rj dXXrj rrj^
dpxv'^ Tpaywhia irdcra e? virepffoXijv e^coyKco/jLevrj,
cocrre oirore irpotoL/jit, ol fJiev ttoXXoI TrpoaeKVVOVv
Kal Oeov TLva opdv coovto Kai dXXoi eir aXXot^
^ irdvu Tt Cobet : Tvavri] {vavv) MSS.
220
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
wings clipped makes sport for the Persians by
mounting the pyre, or a Dionysius, expelled from
his tyrant's throne, turns up in Corinth as a school-
master, teaching children their a, b —ab, after hold-
ing sway so widely.
MICYLLUS
Tell me, cock, when vou were kino; for you sav —
—
you were once on a time how did you find that
life ? You were completely happy, I suppose, as
you had what is surely the acme of all blessings.
COCK
Don't even remind me of it, Micyllus, so utterly
wretched was I then although in all things
; for
external I seemed to be completely happy, as you
say, I had a thousand vexations within.
MICYLLUS
What were they .'*
What you say is strange and
not quite credible.
COCK
I ruled over a great country, Micyllus, one that
produced everything and was among the most note-
worthy for the number of its people and the beauty
of its cities, one that w^as traversed by navigable
rivers and had a sea-coast with good harbours and ;
221
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
(Tvvedeov oyjrofievoi fie, ol Se kol iirl ra reyr^
aviovTE^ iv [.leyakcp erlOevTO aKpi/Buyf; ecopaKevai
TO ^€vyo<;, Tr)v icpecrrpiSa, to SidSrjfjLa, tou9
7rpo7ro/uL7r€vovTa<;, tov(; eirofxevov^;. eyco Se et'Sftx?
MICVLLUS
You haven't yet told me what the clay and the
props and bars are in monarchy, nor what that
"quantity of ugly stuff" is. Til grant you, to drive
out as the ruler of so many people amid admiration
and homage is wonderfully like your comparison of
the colossus, for it savours of divinity. But tell me
about the inside of the colossus now.
COCK
What shall I tell you first, Micyllus ? The terrors,
the frights, the suspicions, the hatred of your
223
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TCOV (TVVOVTCOV KOI eTTLpOvXci^, Kul BlOL TUVTa
viTvov T€ oXijop, eirtTToXaiov /cuKelvov, koI rapa-
^779 fxeara ovelpara koI ivvoia^ TroXvirXoKov;
Kol 6\7n8a<i ael iTovrjpa<^, rj rrjv aayoXlav kol
')(^pr]fiaTLa[Jiov<; icoX Sl/ca^; kol i/caTpaTeLa<; kol
Trpocrrdyfiara Kal avvOij/iara koI Xoyicrfioix;; vcfy
MlKTiVAOS
26 Airaye, Betva TavTa </>>;?, a> dXeKTpvcov, ifiol
224
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
associates, the plotsand as a result of all this the
^
226
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
me, at least, it is far safer to bend over and cobble
shoes than to drink out of a golden cup when
the health that is pledged you is qualified with
hemlock or aconite. The only risk I run is that
if my knife should slip sideways and fail to cut
straight, I might draw a little blood by cutting
my fmgers but they, as you say, do their feasting
;
COCK
That isa long story you are starting, and we have
not time for it just now. But to give the upshot of
it, there is no existence that did not seem to me more
COCK
cure you, Micyllus.
I will As it is still night, get
up and follow me I will take you to visit Simon
;
COCK
the one on the right, and if I permit any man
It is
to pull it out and keep it, that man, as long as I
choose, can open every door and see everything
without being seen liimself.
229
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
MIKTAA02
'EXeX^^^e/? fxe, o) aXeKrpvMV, koX cru 70779 o)v.
€/iol ovv rjv
S' TOVTO aira^ Trapacr^^;??, o^^ei ra
^i/jLcovo^;irdvTa ev ^pa')(€l Sevpo fjberevrjveyfieva'
fierotaa) yap avra irapeiaekOMV, Se avOc<; ireoi-
rpco^erai, aTToreivcov ra KaTrvfiara.
AAEKTPTHN
Ov 66/jLl<;yevkaBai tovto' iraprj'yyeiXe yap
^"Epfjurj^;, Tjv TL TOLovTOV ipydarjTai- e')(^cov to ttt€-
MIKTAA02
WiriOavov Xeyei^;, fcXeTrrrjv rov *Fjp/jLrjv avrov
ovra Tot? aXXo^9 (pdovelv rod tolovtov. (iTnoy/mev
8' o/ift)9' dcpi^ofiat yap rov ')(pvaiov, rjp hvvwfiai.
AAEKTPrnN
^AttotlXov, o) MtVfXXe, Trporepov to tttIXov . . ,
MIKTAA02
^Aa<pnXecrT€pov ovt(0<;, m dXefCTpucov, Km aoi
rjTTOv dv dp.op(pov to irpdypa eirj, 0)9 /jl^] ^a)Xevoi,<;
Bid OaTepov t% ovpd<; fi€po<;.
AAEKTPrnN
29 Elei^. iirl top ^LfKoi'a TrpcoTov dirifxev rj irap
dXXov Tivd TMv irXovaioiv;
MIKYAA02
Ov fJbev ovv, dXXd irapd tov '^ifxcova, 09 dvTl
hicrvXXdpov t€t paauXXa/Sof; rjhr] 7rXovT7](Ta<^ elvai
d^Lol. Kal 8t} Trdpeafiev '^^l Ta9 6vpa^. tL ovviroio)
TO jjueTa tovto;
230
.
COCK
That impossible, for Hermes ordered me, if the
is
MICYLLUS
It is hard to believe what you say, that Hermes,
himself a thief, begrudges others the same privilege.
But let's be off just the same I'll keep my hands off
;
MICYLLUS
It is safer to do so, cock, and it will spoil your
"beauty less, preventing you from being crippled on
one side of your tail.
COCK
All right. Shall we visit Simon first, or one of
the other rich men }
MICYLLUS
No Simon, who wants to have a name of four
:
2IMnN
OvKOvv ToXavra p,ev e^BofJbrjKOvra i/celva irdvv
d(7(ha\6)<^ VTTO rfj kXivt] KaropdypvKTaL Kal ovBeh
dXXof; olBe, rd Be eKKalBeKa elBev, olpai, loxxi-Xo?
o iTnroKopLO'^ viro rfj (pdrvrj KaraKpvTrTOvra fie'
o\o<i yovv irepi. rov iTTiroivd iariv, ov iravv
eirijieKr)^ ovBe (^iXoirovo^ cov.
ciXXox; elKO<; Be
rjpirdaOai ttoWw irXeiw tovtcov, i) iroOev yap
6 Ti^eio^ ^ rdpiyp^ avrfo ovtq) pueya oi-^covqKevai
v^e9 eXeyero rj rfj yvvaiKi eXXoffiov ewvPjcrOai
irevre Bpayfioiv oXwv; rapid ovroi airaOcjat rov
KaicoBaipovo^. dXX^ ovBe rd eKircopara ev da(j)a-
Xet pioi diTOKeirai rocravra ovra' BeBta yovv p.y
Tt? vTTOpv^a^ rov rol')(^ov vcf^eXrjrat avrw ttoXXol
cpOovovcTL Kal e'Tn^ovXevovai piOi, kcu fidXiara o
yeircov ]\ii/CL'X\o9.
1 Tl8cios A.M.H.: Tlfitos MSS.
2 ^2
;
COCK
Lead on. Do you see him sitting up and figuring ?
MICYLLUS
Yes, by Heaven, beside a dim and thirsty lamp ;
COCK
Listen to what he is saying and you will find out
how he got this way.
SIMON
Well, then, that seventy talents is quite safely
buried under the bed and no one else knows of it
but as for the sixteen, I think Sosylus the groom saw
me Iiiding them under the manger. At any rate he
is all for hanging about the stable, though he is not
AAEKTPrnN
^icoTTTjaov, ^liKvXXe, /jlt) /caTa(f)a)pd(Tr} irapovra^
SIMnN
"ApicTTOv yovv aypvTTvop avrov (f)v\aTT€tv aira-
aav 7r6pL6t/jLt ^Lavaara^ ev kvkXco rrjv oiKiav.
Tt9 ovTO^; opco are ye, T0i%a)/)u%6 . . . fia Ata,
iirel Kicov ye mv Ti;7Xai^6t9, ev e;^et. apcO/i'tjaco
avOi^ avopv^a^ to ;)^pi;crtoi^, fiT] ri fie irprp^qv
SceXadev. ISov irdXiv e^\ro<^r]Ke riv eir e/j,e
AAEKTPrnN
30 TotavTa /liv coi, o) MiKvX\e, tcl l,ip,(ovo<;.
MIKTAA02
O'lfico^e Kal dypvTTvei Kal op,oio^ yiyvov to
irpoa-TeTrjKQ)^ avrw. rjfieh Sf.
XpMjJLa Tft)
XP^^^
irapd TvL(j)c*)pa, el BoKel, tov Saveio-Trjv tcofiev. ov
234
!
COCK
Hush, Micyllus, for fear he may find out that we
are here.
SIMON
At any rate it is best to stay awake myself and
keep watch. get up from time to time and go
I'll
MICYLLUS
Unfortunate man, what a life he leads ! I wish
my enemies wealth on those terms Well, ! I want
to hit hin> over the head before I go.
SIMON
Who hit me ? I'm being robbed, unlucky that I
am
MICYLLUS
Groan and lie awake and grow like your gold
in colour, cleaving fast to it Let's go and
! see
Gnipho the money-lender, if you don't mind. He
235
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
fxaicpav he Koi ovto<; oLKel. aveayye koX avrrj r)f.uv
7] Bvpa.
AAEKTPTHN
31 'Opa9 67raypv7rvovvTa koi tovtov eVl cj^povn-
Scov, ava\oyi^6fi€vov tou? t6kov<; koi tov<; Sa/crv-
\ov<; KareaKXyfcoray ov Beijaec fxeT oXiyov iravra
ravra KaraXiTrovra criXcprjv rj i/jLiriSa rj kvvo-
fjbviav '^/eveaOai;
MIKYAA05
'Opw KaKohaiixova koi avmirov civOpwirov ovhe
vvv TToXv T?}^ crt\(^779 r) €/jb7TiSo<; afxetvov Piovvja,
o)?he Kol ouTO? eKTeTTjfcev 6Xo<; vtto tcov XoyicT/u^cov,
AAEKTPrnN
32 Ilapa tov ctov 'EvfcpdrrfVy el koi Ihov
BoKel.
yap, dvecpye koI avrr] ?; Ovpa' wcrre eiaiw^ev,
MIKYAA02
" Kiravja ravra fiiKpov e/xTrpoaOev efxa tjv,
AAEKTPYr.N
"Ert yap crv 6veLp07roXeL<; rov rrXovrov; opa-f;
h" ovv rov ^jVKpdrrjv avrov fxev vtto rod oiKerov
Trpea^vrrjv dvOpwrrov ; . . .
MIKTAA05
'OpSi VT} Aia KaraiTvyoGvvrjv fcal rraaxv-
riaa/JLov riva Kal dcreXyeiav ovk dv6 pwTrivrjv
rrjv yvvalna he erepcodi vtto rov fxayeipov Kau
avrr}V . . .
AAEKTFXnN
33 Tt ovv; e6e\oi<s dv /cal rovrwv /cXrjpovofielv,
0} MiKvXXe, Kal irdvra ex^iv rd EvKpdrov^;;
236
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
too lives not far off. This door has opened to us
also. -
"'"
COCK
Do you see him awake with his worries like the
other, computing his interests and wearing his fingers
to the bone ? And yet lie will soon liave to leave all
this behind and become a beetle or a gnat or a dog-
fly.
MICYLLUS
I see an unfortunate, senseless man who even now
lives little better than a beetle or a gnat. And how
completely run down he is from his computations I
COCK
Your friend Eucrates, if you like. See, this door
has opened too, so let's go in.
MICYLLUS
All this belonged to me a little while ago.
COCK
Why, ou still dreamino; of vour wealth } Do
are ^
COCK
How about it } Would you be willing to inherit
all this too, Micyllus, and have all that belongs to
Eucrates 1
237
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
MIKTAA02
Mry8a/xw9, w aXeKTpvwv Xt/xw a7ro\oijir)V 7rp6-
repov. "^^ %/91'crtoi^ Kal ra Belirva, Svo
x^^P^^^
6/3o\ol efJLOi ye ttXoOto? ian fiaXkov rj roixcopv-
yGiaOac tt/oo? t(ov oIk€T(x}v.
AAEKTPTflN
"AWa vvv yap rjfiepa r/Sy ^A^^^ '^^ XvKUvye^^
avTO, d-TTLcofjiev oUahe irap rj/xd<i- rd XoLird 8e
238
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
MICYLLUS
Not on your cock
life, I'll starve first
! To the !
COCK
Well, the day is just breaking, so let's go
home now ;
you shall see the rest of it some other
time.
239
PROMETHEUS
The mock -plea Prometheus, clearly suggested by the
opening of the Prometheun Bound of Aeschylus, is midway
between the Menippean satires and the pure genre of the
Dialogues of the Gods, in one of which (5, formerly 1) the
Titan figures again. In some of the manu«?cripts it l)ears a
sub-title, The^Caucas^is, possibly added to distinguish it
from A Literary Prometheus.
VOL. 11,
nPOMHQETS
EPMH2
'O Kau/fao-09, a> "Rcj^aiare, ovto<;, w tov
/Jih
aOXiov TovTOvl TLTCiva irpoayXcoadaL herjaet'
irepiaKOTTM/jLev Se rjSr] Kppp,v6v nva eTTLTr)heLOV,
ftx? ^epaiorepov
el TTov tt}? %ioz^o9 TL yvfivov eariv,
KaraTrayeirj ra Sea/Jia koX ovto<^ airaai 7r6pL(f>av7]<i
el'r/ Kp€fjLd/ju€vo<;.
H'l'AlSTO^
242
PROMETHEUS
HERMES
Well, Hephaestus, here is the Caucasus, where
thispoor Titan will have to be nailed up. Now tlien
let us look about for a suitable rock, if there is a place
anywhere that has no snow on it, so that the irons
may be riveted in more firmly and he may be in full
sight of everybody as he hangs there.
HEPHAESTUS
Yes, let's look about, Hermes : we mustn't crucifv
him low and close to the ground for fear that men,
his own handiwork, may come to his aid, nor yet on
the summit, either, for he would be out of sight
from below. Suppose we crucify him half way up,
somewhere hereabouts over the ravine, with his
hands outstretched from this rock to that one }
HERMES
Right you are the cliffs are sheer and inaccessible
;
PROMETHEUS
PROMETHEUS
Come, Hephaestus and Hermes, at any rate you
might pity me in my undeserved misfortune.
HERMKS
You mean, be crucified in yom* stead the instant
we disobey the order Don't you suppose the
!
245
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
nPOMH0ET2
i "EoiKa<;, koI av Kara rov TTotrjTrjv
(o *E/j/x^,
" avainov alridaaOaiy' 09 ra roiavrd fMoc Trpocfii-
p€L<;, €</)' oh
eycoye t?}? iv irpVTaveiw crcTrjaeo)^,
EPMH2
"E(o\ov fiev, CO UpofMTjOev, rriv ecpeatv dyayvtfj
fcal 69 ovSev Beov Ofico^; B' ovv Xeye- Kal yap
a\Xft)9 irept/jLeveiP dvayicalov, ear av 6 aero?
KaTaiTTf) i'miJ.e\7]a6/Jiev6<; aov rov ijirarot;. rrjv
nP0MH©EY2
5 JJ porepo; ovv, w 'Epfii], Xeye, Kal 07rft)9 fiov (o<;
Beu'OTara Kari^yop^^ar]^ /JLrjSe KaOv(j)fj<; rt roiv
BiKaioov Tov 7raT/oo9. ere Be, o) ''H.(j>aLaTe, Bl-
H*AI2T02
Ma Ar, dXkd Karrjyopov dvTi BiKaarov tadi
^
(Xov etTj Jacobitz : tX'^*' «^^» ^'^^ ^X"" MSS.
246
PROMETHEUS
PROMETHEUS
Hermes, you seem to be " blaming a man who is
blameless/' to speak with the poet_,^ for you reproach
me with thinos for which I should have sentenced
myself to maintenance in the Prytaneum if justice
were being done.^ At any rate, if you have time, 1
should be glad to stand trial on the charges, so that
I might prove that Zeus has passed an unjust sen-
tence on me. As you are ready-tongued and litigious,
suppose you plead in his behalf that he was just in
his decision that I be crucified near the Caspian gates
here in the Caucasus, a most piteous spectacle for all
the Scythians.
HERMES
Your appeal, Prometheus, will be tardy and of no
avail, but say your say just the same for in any case
;
PROMETHEUS
Speak then, Hermes, and see that you accuse
first,
247
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
/xe e^cov, 09to irvp v^ekofxevo^ y^v')(^pdv jxoi rrjv
KajLLtvov aTToXekoLTra^.
nPOMH0ET2
OvKovv SieXofievoL rrjv Kanjyoplav, av filv
irepl T^9 K\oiTr}<^ i'^hrj avveipe, 'KpjjLTj^ he Ti)v
Kpeavofilav koI rrjv av6 pwiroTroiiav alridaeTaL'
d/jL(f)co Be T€)(ycTai, koI elirelv Beivol ioifcare elvat.
H*AI2T05
O \Lpfjirj<^ KUi virep i/jLOu ipel' iyco yap ov
7rpo<s \6yoL(; rol<; hiKavLKol^; elfiL, ciXX' dfjucf)! rrjv
KCLfXivov €^(^0) rd iroWd' 6 he pyrcop re Icttl kol
TMV TOiovTcov OV TTapepjco^ fxejJbeKrjKev avrw.
nPOMH0ET2
'E^o) fjLev ovK dv irore dip.r}v Koi irepX Trj<; atXott^?
Tov 'Rpp,fjiJ edeXfjcraL dv elirelv ovhe oveihtelv fiot to
TOiovTOv ojio'jeyjxi) ovri. ttXijv a\X' el fcal tovto,
CO Mata9 Trat, ixplaraaaL, Kaipo<; i]En] Trepalvetv ti]v
KaTrjyoptav,
EPMH2
Tldvv yovv, 0) UpofiTjdev, piaKpwv hel Xoywv kol
lKavrj<; tivo<; 7rapaaKevr)<^ iirl rd aol TreTTpayfiera,
ovx'^ ^^ ^'^(>XPV l^ova ra Kec^dXaia elirelv toju
dhiKtifidTwVy on eTTLTpairev aoc fioLpdaai rd /cpea
cravTM /.lev ra fcdXXiara e'^uXarre?, e^fjirdra^; Be
TOV (3aaiXea, koX tol'? dvOpcoirovf; dve7rXaaa<;,
ovhev Beov, Koi to irvp KXeyjra<; irap y/jLwv eKOfiiaaf;
i<s avTov<;' Kal fioi BoKel<i, co ^eXTLo-ie, firj avvievat
iirl TOi? TrfKLKOVTOi^ irdvv ^tXavOpooTrov tov Afo?
7r€7reipap,evo<;. el fiev ovv e^apvo<i el firj elpydadai
248
;
PROMETHEUS
instead of a judge^ Ipromise you, for you abstracted
my fire and left my forge cold.
PROMETHEUS
Well, then, divide the accusation you can accuse
;
249
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
T7JV vofirjv TMV KpeSyv Kol TO, irepl tov<; di'0p(*)7rov<;
Kaivovpyfjaai koX to irvp fC€K\o<p€vat, iKavoiy^; Karrj-
yoprjrat fxoi, kol fiaKporepa ovk av eiTroi/JLt' Xr]po<;
yap aX\co<i to tolovtov.
nPOMH0ET2
7 Et fiev Koi TavTa \rjp6<; icTTiv a ecprjKa^y elao-
jieOa fiLKpov vdTepov iyo) Se, iireiirep ifcava (f)r}<;
etvai Ta KaTriyoprjixeva, ireipdao/jLaL co? av ol6<; T€
0) SiaXvcraaOaL Ta iyKXrj/jLaTa, Ka\ irpoiTov ye
aKovcrov to, irepl tmv Kpeoyv. KacTOi, vrj tov
Ovpavov, fcal vvv Xeycov avTa ala^vvopLaL virep
tov Ai6(;, el ovto) pLLKpoXoyo^; Kal fiefiyjri/jioipo^
ecTTiv, ft)? Slotl fXLKpov oaTOVv ev ttj fjiepihi evpe,
dvacTKoXoTncrOrjcro/jLevov Tre/HTrecv iraXaLOv ovtco
Oeov, yLA?/T€ T?}9 cTfyLt/xa^ta? /jLvrj/jiovevo-avTa /jii]Te
250
PROMETHEUS
way and made the innovations in regard to men and
stole fire^ my accusation is sufficient and I don't
care to say any more ; to do so would be a mert
waste of words.
PROMETHEUS
Perhaps what you have said is also a waste of
words we shall see a little later
; But as you say
!
253
—
^ 'yip Sommerbrodt 76 /3 Se 7.
: ;
^
^ ^6ava A.M.H. a.ya.Kfxara (^yaX/xa * N)
:
^ ^6ava {^6ayov y)
MSS. Cf. TimoH 8.
254
PROMETHEUS
twofold accusation^ Hermes, and I don't know which
—
charge you bring against me that men should not
have been created at all but would better have been
left alone as mere clay, or that they should have
been made, as far as that goes, but fashioned after
some other pattern than this. However, I shall
speak to both charges. In the first place I shall try
to show that it has done the gods no harm to bring
men into the world, and then that this is actually
advantageous, far better for them than if the earth
had happened to remain deserted and unpeopled.
There existed, then, in time gone by (for if I
begin there it will be easier to see whether I have
done any wrong in my alterations and innovations
with regard to men) there existed, as I say, only the
divine, the heavenly race. The earth was a rude
and ugly thing all shaggy with woods, and wild
woods at that, and there were no divine altars or
— —
temples how could there be ? or images or any-
thing else of the sort, though they are now to be
seen in great numbers everywhere, honoured with
every form of observance. But as I am always
planning something for the common good and con-
sidering how the condition of the gods may be
improved and everything else may increase in order
and in beauty, it occurred to me that it would be a
good idea to take a little bit of clay and create a
few living things, making them like us in appear-
ance ; for I thought that divinity was not quite
complete in the absence of its counterpart, com-
parison with which would show divinity to be the
255
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
aiTo<^aiveiv avro' OvrjTov elvai tovto,
fievroi
evfjLTj-^av COT arov 8' aWa)<; teal cruvercoTaTOV /cal rov
13 l3€\Tiovo<; alcyOavofxerov. /cal Sj] Kara rbv ttoitj-
TiKov Xoyov " yaiav vSei <pvpa<;^ koI Sia/JiaXd^a^;
aviirXaaa TOv<i av6p(O7T0V<;, en /cal rrjv ^AOrjvav
7rapa/ca\ecra<; avveircXa/Seo-Oai (jlol rov epyov.
ravrd iariv a /jueydXa iyoo to 1)9 Oeou<; i^Sl/crj/ca.
Koi TO ^rj/j-Lcofia opa<; tjXlkov, el i/c TnfXov ^wa
iiTOi^lcra Kal to reco? d/civt]T0V eh /civijaiv Tjyayov
/cal, ft)9 eoi/ce, to drr^ i/celvov t^ttov 6eoi elatv ol
Seoi, hiOTi Kal eirl 7779 nva Ovr)Ta ^wa yeyev)]Tar
ovTO) yap St] /cal ayava/CTel vvv Zei)9 Mairep
iXaTTOVfievcov tmv Oecov e/c Tr)9 rwv dvOpcoTrcov
y€vecr€Ci)<^, el firj dpa tovto BeSie, /xy /cal ovtol
iiravdaTaaiv^ iii avrov ^ovXevacoaL Kal iroXe-
p-ov i^eviyKcoat 7rpo9 tov<; Oeov^; oiairep 01
ViyavTe<;.
'AXX' OTL ovSev i^BLKrjaOe, w 'Rpp^rj, 7rpo9
fiev St)
ep^ov KOI TMV tmv ipLMV, SrjXov rj av Sei^op
epycov
Kav ev TL p^LKpoTaTov, Kay CO aLwin](TopLaL Kal
14 hiKata eaop,aL ireTrovOo)'; irpb'^ v/jLMv. otl he Kal
^p7]aLp.a TavTa yeyevr\Tai roh av 6eol<;, ovtco<;
p.ddot<;, el e7n^Xe'y\reLa<^ dwaaav ttjv yrjv ovKeT
av')(jJir]pdv Kal aKaXXrj ovaav, dXXd iroXecn Kal
yecopylat^ Kal (J)Vtol<; r)p,epoi(; StaKeKoap.r)p,ev7}V Kal
TTjv OdXaTTav irXeo pievrjv Kal Ta^ vrjaov^ KaToiKov-
^.ikva^, diravTa^^ov he ^(opiov^i Kal 6vaia<^ Kal i'aov<;
Kal iravr^yv peL^'
VOL. II. S
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Kai yap el fxev ifxavTw fiovco KTrj/xa tovto eifKa-
crdfjLTjv, iirXeoveKTOVv av lao)^, vvvl he eh to
KOiVQV (^epodv KareOt-jKa jjloWov Be
v/jllv avrol'^'
Ai09 fiev Kol 'AttoXXwz^o? koI "Hpa? koI aov Se,
o) EpjuLj], vefi)(; ISelv a'TTavTa')(ov ecrrc, Upo/njOio)^
Se ovSa/xov. opa^; oVo)? ra epauTov p,6va (JKOirS),
TCL KOLva Be KaTaTTpoMBcopbL Koi iXdrro) ttocoj;
15 "Ert Si p,ot, 0) 'Epp,r], real roBe ivvorjaov, ec n
<JOi Bofcel d'yaOov dpbdprvpov, olov KTr]p,a i) irolrjpa
o p.TjBel'; oylrerai p,r]Be eTraLveaerai, 6p,0L(o<; rjBv koI
repTTvov eaeaOai rw e^oz^ri, tovt
tt^o? Brj tl
OTi p,r)
€(f)T]v; jevop,evcov rcov dvOpcoTrcov dp.dprvpov
(TVve^aLve to KdXko<; elvai rcov oXcov, fcal ttXovtov
Tiva irkovry^creiv ep.eXkop.ev ovre vtt dWov Ttz/09
6avpiaa6ri(j6p,evov ovre rjp^iv avroh opLOia)^ TipLLOv
ovBe yap dv et-x^opev tt^o? 6 re eXarrov irapaOeco-
pcopLev avTov, ovB^ dv avvuepLev rfkiKa evBaipLovov-
pev ovx 6pcovTe<; dpboipov<^ rcov ripberepcov rivd^;'
ovTco yap to p,eya Bo^etev dv piiya, el T(p
Br] /cal
pLtKpu) TrapapieTpoLTo. vp-eh Be, TLpudv eirl tw
TToXiTevp^aTL T0VT(p Beov, dveaTavpco/caTe pue fcal
TavTrjv poi TTjV dp.0Ll3r)v diroBeBco/caTe tov ^ovXev-
pLaTo<;.
16 ^AXXd KaKovpyoi rtre?, <^?;9, iv avToh fcal
pLOf)(evovaL Kal iroXepovcn Kal dBeX(f)a<; yapovai
Kal iraTpdaLV iTTL/BovXevouat. irap' r)p,LV yap
oifX) ttoXXt] tovtcov dc^Oovia; Kal ov BrjTrov Bed
TOVTO alTidaaiT dv Tt9 tov Ovpavbv Kal ttjv TrjV,
OTt r)pLd<; avve(TT7]aavT0. €tc Kal tovto l(tco<=; (j)aLrj<i
dv, OTC dvdyKT) iroXXd rjpLd<; e^^LV irpdyp^aTa ein-
p,eXovpLevou(; avTcov. ovkovv Bid ye tovto Kau
258
—
PROMETHEUS
If I had made men to keep j ust for myself, 1 should
be no doubt but as the case stands I have
selfish^ ;
were if we did not see others who did not have what
we have. What is great, you know, can only seem
great if it is gauged by something small. You should
have honoured me for that stroke of policy, but you
have crucified me and have given me this return for
my plan.
But there are rascals, you say, among them, and
they commit adultery and make war and marry tiieir
sisters and plot against their fathers. Why, are
there not plenty of them among us ? Yet, of course,
one could not on this account blame Heaven and
Earth for creating us. Again, you may perhaps say
that we have to undergo a great deal of annoyance
in taking care of them. Well, then, on that principle
•^59
s 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
vo[i£v^ a')(6e(jdco eVl rw ^X^^^ '^V^ ayeXrjv, Biori
avay/calov avrw eTrc/jieXetaOai avrrj^. KairoL to 76
epycoSe'; tovto koI r]hv' dWcof; ^ koI rj (ppovrlf; ov/c
aT€p7T7]<^ e')(pvad Tiva tl yap av
Scarpc^ijv. tj
260
!
PROMETHEUS
the herdsman ought to be vexed over having his herd
because he has to take care of it. But this toilsome
task is also sweety and, in general, business is not de-
void of pleasure, for it affords occupation. Why, what
should we do if we had not them to provide for ? Be
idle and drink our nectar and eat our ambrosia with-
out doing anything ! But what sticks in my throat
most is that although you censure me for making
men " and particularly the women," you fall in love
with them just the same, and are always going down
below, transformed now into bulls, now into satyrs
and swans, and you deign to beget gods upon
them
Perhaps, however, you will say that men should
have been made, but in some other form and not like
us. What better model could I have put before
myself than this, which I knew to be beautiful in
every way ? Should I have made my creatures
unintelligent and bestial and savage ? Why, how
could they have sacrificed to gods or bestowed all
the other honours upon you if they were not as
they are ? You gods do not hang back when they
bring you the hecatombs, even if you have to go to
the river of Ocean, " to the Ethiopians guileless,"^ yet
you have crucified him who procured you your
honours and your sacrifices.
So much for men and now, it you wish, I shall
;
261
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
yiyverai, el Kai Ti9 aWo<; avrov fieraXdffor ov
yap aTroa^evpvrai, ivavcrafievov Tiv6<;' (f)d6vo<; Be
Brj avTLfcpv^ TO tolovto, a<^' a)v /jirjSev v/ielf;
TjBiKTjaOe, TovTcov KcoXveiv fieraSLBovai roL(; Eeo-
fievoL^. KaiTOL Oeov<; ye ovTa^ dyaOov^ elvai '^(pr)
Kol " hwTTjpa^ edo)v " Kal e^co (f)06vov nravTo^
ecrrdvaL' oirov ye Kal el to Trdv tovto wvp v(f)e\6-
fxevo<i KareKofjLLG-a €9 ttjv yrjv firjS' oX,&)9 ri avrov
KaraXiTTcov, ov fieydXa v/id'^ rjhiKovv ovhev yap
v/jLet^y BelaOe avrov /iijre piyovvre<; fir^re eyjrovref;
rrjv d/jLfSpoaiav fnjre (f)coro<; eiTire^vrirov Seofievot.
19 ol Be dvOpojTTOL Kal eh rd dWa
fiev dvayKaiM
y^pcavrai rw Trvpi, fidXcara Be e? ra? Ovaia^;, 07r&)9
ey^oiep Kviadv ra? dyvia^ Kal rod XL^avcorov
OvfJiidv Kal rd firfpua Kaieiv errl rcov ^ay/iMV. opco
Be ye v[xd<; jidXtara ')^aipovra^ rw Karrvw Kal rrjv
evwy^iav ravrrjv tjBicrrTjv olofievov^;, orrorav eh rov
oupavov r) Kvlaa Trapayevrjrac " ekiaa-ofievr} irepl
Kairvcpy evavrLcordrvj roivvv rj /jLe/x'^cf; avrrj dv
yevoiro rfj v/xerepa iTTidvfiia. Oavjid^w Be o'jrcof;
ov')(l Kal rov rjXiov KeKcoXvKare KaraXdfiTreLV
aprov<;' Kairot irvp Kal ovro^ ean iroXv Oeiorepov
re Kal rrvpcoBearepov. r) KUKelvov aindaOe co?
crrraOoivra vficdv ro Krrjfia;
KiprjKa. acficb Be, o) ^Kpfjui] Kal ll(paL(Tre, ec ri
'
EPMH2
20 Ol' pdBiOv, c5 Hpo/jL7]0ev, tt/^o? ovro) yevvalov
d/jLiXXdaOai'
(ro<pt(Tr7]v rrXrjv dXXa wvrjao, Biori
HERMES
not an easy matter, Prometheus, to rival such
It is
an accomplished sophist. You are lucky, however.
1 Od. 8, 325. 2 iii^fi ]^ 317,
i6 o
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
fir] KalZeu? ravra eirrjKOvae aov €v yap olBa,
6
i/CKalSefca^ yv7ra<; av eTreaTrjcre aov ra eyKara
e^aiprjaovraf;' ovtm S€lvco<; avrov KaTT}y6pr}/ca<;
airoKoyeldO ai ^oko)v. iicelvo he ye davfid^co, otto)?
ov IT poeyiyvcdo-Ke^ eVl tovtol<; KoXaadrf-
/jidvTC^ oiv
nPOMH0ET5
^Il7ncrTdfir)v, o) ^^pfjuij, Kal on
Kol ravra fiev
diTokvOrjGOiJLai avOt<; olha, ye Tf? €K
Kal ijSr)
07;/3a)^' dcpr^erai (Jo? dS€\<l)o<^ ovk 6i9 fiaKpav
Kararo^evacov ov (j)r]<; eTnirrrjaeaOai fioL rov derbv.
EPMH2
Et yap yevoiro, w Upofiijdev, ravra Kal eTTiSoc/jbi
ere XeXvjjbevov, Koivfj avv i)ixlv evcoxov/jLeuov, ov
/jbivroL Kal KpeavojLcovvrd ye.
nPOMH0ET2
21 Sdpper Kal crvvevco)(^7Jcro/jLac vfxlv Kal 6 Zei;?
Xvaec fxe ovk dvrl piLKpd^ evepyeaia<;.
EPMH2
Tti/09 ravTT]^; fir) yap 6Kvrjar)<; elirelv,
nPOP-lH0ET2
OlaOa, 0) ri^v Seriv;
'Epfirj, aXV ov XPV
XeyeiV (jyvXdrreiv yap dfietvov ro drropprjroVy 009
p,ia$o<; €L7} Kal Xvrpa fioi dvrl rrj's KaraSiKr]^.
EPMH2
'AWo, (f)v\arre, o) Tirdv, el rovr dfieLvov.
r)fji€L<; Se dTTLCDfiev, w " llcfiatcrre' Kal yap rjhr)
'7TXr)(Ti0V ovrocrl 6 dero'^. virofieve ovv Kaprepoof;*
€07] Se ye r]hr] aoi rov Sr]0alov ov (pr]<; ro^orrjv
iiTLcjyavrjvai, 0)9 iravaeie ae dvarefivofievov viro rov
opveov.
1 CKKalScKa Dindoif ; 6| koi Se'.-fo MSS.
264
^ !
PROMETHEUS
that Zeus did not hear you say all this, for I am
very sure he would have set sixteen vultures upon
you to pull out your vitals_, so eloquently did you
accuse him in seeming to defend yourself. But I
am surprised that as you are a prophet you did not
know in advance that you would be punished for all
this.
PROMETHEUS
I did know it, Hermes, and I also know that
I be set free again before long someone will
shall ;
PROMETHEUS
Never fear, I shall feast with you, and Zeus will
set me free in return for a considerable favour.
HERMES
What favour "^
Don't hesitate to tell us.
PROMETHEUS
You know Thetis, Hermes ? —but I must not tell.
It is best to keep the secret, so that I may be
rewarded and set free instead of being sentenced.
HERMES
Why, keep if it is best that way.
it. Titan, Let's
be going, Hephaestus, for here is the eagle close by.
[To Prometheus.) Well, hold out stubbornly. I
hope the Theban archer you speak of will soon
disclose himself to you, to stop you from being
dissected by the bird.
^ Heracles.
2 The secret is told in Dialogues of the Gods, 5.
265
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE
SKY-MAN
Menippus tells a friend how he has frustrated the philo-
sophers by flying up to Heaven and finding out that ev^ery-
thing there was just as the poets had said. The satire is
directed not only at the placita of the philosophers but at
the conception of the average man, voiced in poetry and
pragmatically sanctioned, so to speak, by the Stoics ; and
it also aims a particular thrust at the mysteries of the
Mithras-cult. From the standpoint of the writer and the
reader, what Menippus brings back is nothing but moon-
shine, and that is perhaps why he is compared with Icarus
and not Daedalus in the title Icaromenippiis.
There is reason to think that Lucian found something of
this sort among the writings of Menippus and used it freely.
The readings from the margin of r noted on pages 300,
304, 308, 316 and 318 are not, I think, interpolations, but
genuine $ readings which are not preserved elsewhere
because B, the best MS. of that group, does not contain this
piece. Marginalia by the same early hand in other pieces
belong to the & tradition, and the y tradition is notably rife
with omissions of just this sort. They are not noted by
Sommerbrodt, and as far as I know have never before
appeared in print.
IKAPOMENlIinOS H THEPNE^EAOX
MENinno2
OvKOVV rpKTX'^XLOi fiev rjaav airo 71)9 arahiOL
ae\y]vr)v, tt/Ocoto? i)filv(JTa6fi6^'
jjLEXP^ TT/OO? rr)v
rovvrevOev Se irrl rov rfktov dvo) irapaaayyai ttov
irevraKoo-ior to he a-rro tovtov e?avrov i]Sri rov
ovpavov Kal rrjv afcpoiroXiV rrjv rov Ato? avoho^
ical ravia yevoir av ^ ev^covcp aerch jxLd<; r)fi€pa<i.
ETAIP02
Tfc ravra irpo^ Xaplreov, w MevLTTTre, aarpovo-
ixel^ Kal r](TVxn '^^^
ava/JLeTpet^; irdXai yap lira-
Kpooijiai GOV 7rapaKo\ov6(ov r)Xiov^ fcal aeXrjva^,
ert he ra ^opriKcu ravra aradpiov^ riva^ Kal irapa-
adyya<; v7TO^evi^ovro<;,
MENinnos
M^ Oavjxdai]^, w/nerewpaKal hiaepia
kralpe, el
268
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE
SKY-MAN
MENIPPUS
It was three thousand furlongs, then, from the
dearth to the moon, my first stage and from there up
;
MENIPPUS
No indeed, I made my journey right among the
stars.
269
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ETAIP02
H/3a/cXet9, /jLUKpov riva rov oveipov XiycL^;, et ye
(TavTOv eXa^e? KaraKOifirjOelf; 7rapacrd'yya<i 6\ov<;.
MENinno2
"Oveipov yap, w rdv, 8okco o-ql Xeyeiv 09 a'prico^i
dcply/xat irapa rov Ato?;
ETAIP02
riw? €(j)T](T6a; yievLTTTTo^ r]piiv otOTTerr}^ irdpecrriv
i^ ovpavov;
MENinno2
Kat iir]V iyct) aoi irap avrov ifceivov rov irdvv
Alo^; 7JKC0 TifjjjLepov OavfiaGLa kol a/coucra? kol IBcov
MENinno2
^u TrdXat o-kcotttcdv Sr/Xo? el, Kal Oavpia-
fiev
aTOV ovSev et aoi to irapdSo^ov tov \6yov pLv6(p
SoKei TrpocTc^epe^. drdp ovSev iSerjcre fioi rcpo^ tijv
dvoBov ovTe TT}^ K\ipa/co<; ovTe TraihiKd yeveaOat
TOV deTOV' ol/cela yap rjv fioi ra TTTepd,
1 tiu Belin (le Ballou : not in MSS.
^ ijfjLcis ed. princeps : /cal ijfias MSS.
270
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
FRIEND
Great Heracles That's a long; dream you are
!
MEMPPUS
Dream^ man Do you think I'm telling you a
I
MENinno2
'^nSe 770)9* derov eufxeyeOrj avWa^cov, en Be
yvira tmv fcaprepMU, dirorep^cDv avTal<; u)\evaL<^ rd
iTTepd —
pudXkov Be /cal irdcrav e^ dp^P}<; rrjv eiri-
voiaVy €c croc a^oXv, Bieifii,
ETAIP02
TLdvv fxev ovv &)9 670) aoi jxerewpo^i elfii
VTTO T(OV XoyCOV Kal 77/309 TO T6\09 ^Bj] Ke^V^CL T^9
dKpodae(o<^' firjBe 77/309 ^lXlov /jue TrepUByf; dpco
TTOV TTjf; Bcrjyrjaeco^; e/c loiv corcop dTrTjpTrjfievov.
272
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
FRIEND
You have improved on Daedalus^ by what you say,
if over and above you have turned from a
all else,
man to a hawk or a crow witliout our knowing it.
MENIPPUS
Your guess is well-aimed, my friend, and hits the
bull's-eye ; for I myself constructed wings, patterned
after Daedalus' clever invention.
FRIEND
Of the foolhardy men in the world
all Then !
273
VOL. II. T
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
MENinnos
"AKove Toivvv yap aajelov ye to Oeafxa
01)
274
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
MENIPPUS
Listen then, for a friend left in the lurch with his
mouth open would be anything but a pretty spectacle,
especially if he were hanging by the ears, as you say
you are.
As soon as I began to find, in the course of my
investigation of life, that all objects of human
endeavour are ridiculous and trivial and insecure
(wealth, I mean, and office and sovereign power),
contemning those things and assuming that the
effort to get them was an obstacle to getting things
truly worth effort, I undertook to lift my eyes and
contemplate the universe. In so doing I was caused
great perplexity, first of all by what the philosophers
call the Cosmos, for I could not discover how it came
into being or who made it, or its source or purpose.
Then in examining it part by part I was compelled
to rack my brains more, for I saw the stars
still
275
r 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TrpoacoTTov re aKvOpcoTrorrjri koL 'xp6a<; oyx^poTrjrc
KoX yeveiov /3a6vrr}TL —fiaXa yap vyfrayopai ri,v6<;
MEN FPUS
I
277
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Trepce/JieTpovv fcal toI(; virep rrjv aeXrjvr^v eirelBd'
278
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
the sun^ they visited the spheres beyond the moon^
and you would have thought they had fallen from
the stars from the way they told about their
magnitudes and presumed to say just how many
cubits it is in distance from the sun to the moon,
often, perhaps, without even knowing how many
furlongs it is from Megara to Athens. And not only
did they measure the height of the air and the depth
of the sea and the circumference of the earth, but by
the description of circles and the construction of
triangles on squares and of multiple spheres they
actually measured out the cubic content of the
Heavens.^
Moreover, was it net silly and completely absurd
that when they were talking about things so un-
certain they did not make a single assertion
hypothetically but were vehement in their insistence
and gave the rest no chance to outdo them in
exaggeration all but swearing that the sun is a mass
;
ETAIP05
M.d\a TLvd<;y w Me^'t7^7^e, ToXfii]Ta<; koI Oav/jia-
TOTTOtOL'? dvSpa<^ \eyei<i.
MENinno2
Tt 8 el dicovaeia'^y o) Oavfjudaie, irepi re ISecov
Koi dcrcofjidTQyv a SLe^ep^ovrai rj tov<; irepl rov
ireparo^ re koI aTreipov \6yov<^; teal yap av /(al
avTT) veavLKT] avTol<; t) P'd')(r], to?? fiev reXei to
irdv '7repcypd(j)ov<7iy tol'^ SeareXe? tovto elvai
V7ro\ap,^dvovaLV' ov /Jirjv dWd koi irajJuroWov^;
Tcpd(; elvat tou? Koafiov^ direc^aivovTO Kal rcoi'
280
;
FRIEND
They are very presumptuous charlatans by what
you say, Menippus.
MENIPPUS
But my dear man, what tell you all they
if I should
said about "ideas " and incorporeal entities, or their
theories about the finite and the infinite ? On the
latter point also they had a childish dispute, some
of them setting a limit to the universe and others
considering it to be unlimited nay more, they as-
;
283
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ovv TTTepo^vrjCFai irore ovBefiLa jJ^^X^^V ^'^vcl'^ov
eivai jubot Kareipaipero' el 8e ^fTro? 17 aerou irepi-
deLfir)v irrepd — raura yap fiova av ^ StapKeaat
7rpb<; fieyedo<; avO pwirivov acofiaro^;
• —
Taxa av puoi
Tr)v irelpav irpoxjoop^lcraL, fcal ^rj avWa/Sciov ra
opvea darepov ixev rrjv Be^iav Trrepvya, rov
yv7ro<; Be tyjv erepav airereiiov ev fiaXa' elra
hiahrjaa^; koX Kara tou? wfiov<; reXaficbo-i Kapre-
pol<; apfioadp.evo<^ /cal tt/oo? afCpoi<; toI<; wKviTTepoL^
Xa^d<; Ttva<; rat? x^P^'' iTapa(TKevdaa<; iTretpoy/jbiji'
ifiavTOv TO TTpMTOV dvaTTrjBcov /cal raU x^P^^^^
v7rr)peTCt)V fcal wairep 01 XV^^^ ^'^^ %a/>at7r€TC09
eTraipopLevo^ /cal d/cpo/SaTCJV d/j.a /lerd t^? tttt]-
(T€(o<;' eirel Be vinj/cove /xot to XPV/^^* roXfirj-
porepov tjBt] t?}? Treipa^; rjTTTOfirjv, Kal dve\9(bv
iirl T7]v d/cpoTToXiv d(f)y]Ka ifiavrov /card rov
11 /cpr]/jLvov (pepcop e? avro to OeaTpop. ct)9 Be
d/civBvvco<; /caTeTTTO/jbrjp, rjBr} Kal fieTecopa icppo-
pouv /cal dpao aTrb Tldppi]6o<i rj dirb T/X97TT01)
/jiexpi' Tepapeia<i iireTOfjLTjp, etT eKelOep eirl top
'AKpo/copipOop dpco, elra virep ^o\6rj<; Kal ^Kpv
'fidvOov fiexpi' 7rpo9 to Taiiyerop.
"HSt; 5' ovp fJLOi Tov To\/jLij/jLaTO<; iKfie/ieXeT^]-
fievov TeXe/.o9 Te Kal vyjnireTrjf; yevofxepo^ ovKeTi
TCb peoTTMP €(f)p6povp, dW eirl top "OXv/jlttop
285
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Kara apiarepav irrepvya rrjv yuTrivrjv. Trpoa-
rrjv
€Xdaa<; ovv koX fcade^ofievo^; eV auTTJ? hiave-
TravofjLTjv e? rrjv yi^v avwdev airo^Xeircdv kul
MCFirep 6 Tov 'Ofirjpov Zevf; eKelvo^ aprt fxev rrjv
Tcov iTTTroiToXcov Spr)KC0V KaOopooixevo^, apTL Be
Tr}V MvacoVy /xeroXtyov Be, el So^eie fiOL, rrjv
'EWdSa, Tr]v Uepa-bSa koI ttjv 'IvSikijv. ef mv
dirdvTcov TroiKiXi]^ rivo^ 17801//J9 ive7nfnr\d/Mr]v.
ETAIP02
OvKOvv Kol ravra \eyoL<; dv, o) MeviTTTre, iva
firjBeKaO' ev diroXeLirdiixeda tt)? dTroSrjfXLa^;, aXV
€1 TL croL KoX 6B0V irdpepyov laroprjTaL, koI tovto
286
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
the left wing, the vulture's. Flying up, therefore,
and perching on the moon, I rested myself, looking
down on the earth from on high and like Homer's
Zeus,^ now observing the land of the horse-loving
Thracians, now the land of the Mysians, and
presently, if I liked, Greece, Persia and India and
;
ETAIP02
IlavT6\a)<; airiOava (f)r]<; ravra koI avTOL<;
virevavria' o? 'yap aprlco^, o) ISJievnTiTe, rrjv >yi]P
MENinnos
13 ES ye^ virefivrjaa^' o yap [xakiaTa e)(^pi]V
elireZv, tovto ovk olS' 67rco<; irapeXiirov, eirel yap
avTTjv fiev eyvcopiaa rrjv yrjv IScov, ra B ov')(^ aWa
616^ re rjv /cadopdv V7rb rov ^dOov^ are t/}? 6yfrecD<i
/jLTjKeri e(l)LKVOV/jLepr]<;, rrdvv p, 7]via to ')(prjiia Kal
*
ovrL<; rot, Beo^ elp,L, ri p, dOavdroixTiv et(TKei<;;
» 7€ Fritzsche : m« MSS.
2S8
; —
MENIPPUS
Thanks for remmding me somehow or other 1 ;
Menippus
^ No god am I : why liken me to them ?
'
^
289
VOL. II. U
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
6 ^vo-iKh 0UT09 elfXL 'Efi'rr€SoK\ri<;- eVel yap e?
290
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
I am tlie natural philosopher Empedocles, at your
service. You when I threw myself head-first
see,
into the the smoke snatched me out of
crater,
Aetna and brought me up here, and now I dwell in
the moon, although I walk the air a great deal, and
I live on dew. So I have come to get you out of
your present quandary for it annoys and torments
;
said he, " I didn't come here for pay my heart was
;
291
u 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
67a), " Kai /jloc r]8')] fiejafjueXei on hevpo avcoov
ov^l TOO ocjidaX/jLco rod derov eveOeixrjv rov^ ifiov<;
i^ekcop' ft)? vvv ye rj/jbLreXr)^; a(f)ty/iai koI ov Trdvra
^acnXcKcof; iv6(TKevacrfi6V0<;, dXX! eoiKa rot? voOoc^
^KeivoL<=; Kol d7roKr)pvKTOi<;. " Kal firjv irdpa aoi,^' '
Tj S* 09,
*'
avTiKa /jLiiXa top erepov 6(f)6a\/jLov e^^eiv
^acrCkiKov rjv yap iOeXrjorr)^ f-UKpov dvacrrd^;
eTTia^cdv Tov yv7ro<; ttjv irrepvya Oarepa p^ovrj
TTTepv^aadai, Kara \6yov Trj<; Trrepvyo^; tov Se^iov
o(poaA,/jLov o^vo€p/cr}<; ear)' tov oe erepov ovbefXLa
fxrj'^avrj fxr) ovk d/jL^Xvrepov SeSopKevat t^9 /i.e/)t3o9
ovra Tr}<; x^Lpovo^;. AA,i9, tjv o eyco, ei kul
oe^io<iaerwoe? pXeiTOi' ovoev yap av
fJLOvo^
eXaTTOV yevono, eirel Kal tov<; reKTOva^ 7roXXdKi<;
ecopaKevai fjLOt Boko) Oarepw twv 6(f)0aX/iicov
apbeivov irpb<i: tov^ Kav6va<; direvOvvovraf; to,
^vXa^
Tavra euTrcbv iTTOiovv dfia rd virb tov ^Kp^ireSo-
KXeov; TraprjyyeXfieva' 6 Be kut oXiyov virairLOiv
15 €9 /caTTVOv '^pe/jua BieXvero. /caTretSr] rd^t'O-Ta
eTTTepv^dfirjv, avTifca </)c59 /xe^ irdp.iroXv Trept-
eXafxyfre Kal ra Teft)9 XavddvovTa irdvTa Bie^alveTO'
KaTaKvyjra'i yovv €9 ttjv yrjv ecopcov aacf^co'^ Ta9
iroXei^, TOL'9 dvOpcoTTOVi, Ta yiyvbpueva, Kal ov Ta
iv viraiOpw fMovov, dXXd Kal
OTroaa oXkol eirpaT-
Tov olopievoi Xavddveiv, UiToXefialov p,ev avvovTa
rfj dSeX(f)fj, Avarc/id^o) Be tov vlov ein^ovXevovTa,
TOV ^eXevKOv Be Wvtlo)(ov XTpaToviKrj BiavevovTa
XdOpa Trj fjL7)Tpvia, tov Be SeTTaXov ^AXe^avBpov
vTTo T?79 yvvaiKO^ dvaipovfievov Kal AvTiyovov ^
^ <pu>s fjL€ A.M. II. : ^6 <f)ws 7^ 7, U ; yu€ <^»s /iUya {i.e. /.lc 7c?)
X ; <f>us 76 I.
292
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
replied, " and I am sorry now that when I came up
here I did not take out my ow n eyes and put in those
of the eagle. As things are, I have come in a half-
finished condition and with an equipment which is
not fully royal in fact, I am like the bastard, dis-
;
^95
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
OTTOV ye KaX opavavra epyov rjv ra fiivrot /cecfxi-
ETAIP05
UavraTraaLV, o) M.evi7r7r€, irayyekoLO^ Kai
TeTapayp^evrj.
MENinnos
Kal P'Tjv, 0) eralpe, toiovtol Trdvre^ elalv ol eirl
MENIPPUS
Well, my friend, such
is the part that all earth's
297
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
avOpcoTTCOv ^LO^ avvTeraKTaiy ov fiovov airffiha
(I)0ey'yo/ii6i>cov, dWa teal dvo/jioicov ra a')(r}jjLaTa kol
rdvavTia kol ravrbv ovBev iirivoovv-
Ktvov/bievcov
Tft)i/, ot%/3^^v avrcov eKaarov 6 %o/ci^709 direXdar)
T7]<; crKi]vf]<; ov/ceri SelcrOat Xijcov rovvrevOev Be
yeXola SyjirovOev
c
/cal
r)v rd
lie
7ro\v€i8el rco Oedrpco Trdvra
'^ivojieva.
18 yidXiGTa he eii eK,eivoi<^ eirrjei fxoi yeXdv roU
irepl 7?59 opcov epi^ovo-i koX
fxeya (ppovovaiv rol(;
eTrl TO) TO ^LKvdiViov Trehiov yecopyelv rj M.apa-
Ooivo^ e^eiv rd irepl rrjv Olv6r}V rj ^ A^apvrjai
irXeOpa KCKTrjaOat ')(i\ia' ri}? yovv EWa^o? oA,?;?
CO? TOTe /jLOL dvfoOev e<^aiveTO Sa/crvXcov ovatjf; to
pLe<ye6o<s Terrdpcov, Kard \oyov, olpai, r] fcrj ^ Am
TToWocTTTj/iiopiov rjv. coaT€ evevoovv ecf) oiroacp
Tot9 irXovaioL^i tovtoc<; fxeya (ppovelv /careXeLTrero'
(T'xeBov yap 6 iroXvirXeOporaTo^ aurcov piav rcov
^KiTi/covpeicov drop^cov iSofcei fioL yecopyelv. diro-
/8Xei/ra9 he hrj /cat e? rrjv elra
TieXoirovvr^crov,
Tr)v Kvi'ovpbav ^ yrjv Ihcbv dvepLvrjaOrjv irepl oaov
')((!) plov, Kar ovhev AlyvTrTiov cpaKov irXarvrepov,
ToaovTOi eireaov ^Apyelcov Koi AaKehac/xovicov
/j,cd<; r}/jLepa<;. koI fjurjv eo nva thoipji eirl p^/ouo-o)
p,eya (j^povovvTa, on haKTvXiovf; re ei'Xj^v oktw
Kol (f)LdXa<; Terrapa^;, irdvv koi errl rouro) dv
iyeXcov to yap Udyyaiov oXov avTOt<; fiCTdXXoL^
Key')(^pLalov tjv to /jLeyeOo<;.
ETAIP02
19 ^fl /jLaKapte MeviTTTre r/j? irapaho^ov 6ea<;.
^ Kvyovpiap Palmer : Kvroo'ovpiap MSS.
298
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
FRIEND
You lucky Menippus, what a surprising spectacle !
299
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
al Be Br) TroXet? tt/jo? Ato? Kal ol avhpe<^ avrol
^
irrfKiKoi Bc6(f)aivovTO avwOev;
MENinnos
Olfiai ae 7roWdKi,<; tJStj fivpfii^Kcov cu^opav
kwpaKevaiy tov<^ fxev elXov/jievovf; irepl to arofia
Tov (pcoXeov KCLV T(p fJiicro) 7ro\iT€VOfjb6vov<; ,^ iviov<;
§' e^i6vTa<;, erepov^ Be enraviovTa'^ avOi<; eh rrjv
MENIPPUS
I suppose you have often seen a swarm of ants,
in which some are huddling together about the
mouth of the hole and transacting affairs of state in
public^ some are going out and others are coming-
back again to the city one is carrying out the dung,
;
301
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Ad' a'Treip7]Ka yap ijSrj, Mez^iTTTre, iroWa kol
heiva irapa to)v (piXoaocfxov aKovovaa, ol? ovBev
erepov iariv epyov rj rafia TroXvTrpay/jLOveiv,
Tt9 el/jLL KoX tttjXlkt], koX Bi rjVTLva aiTiav
hi'XpTOfJLO'^ rj djjL(f)L/cvpTO(; yiyvofiat. kov ol jxev
KaroiKeladai jxe cj^aaiv, ol Se Karoinpov Slktjp
iiTLKpefiaoOaL rfj av cKaaro^
daXcLTrrj, ol he o tl
eTTLVoijar) rovro /jloi TrpoadTrrovai. rd reXevrata
Be KoX TO cf)(o<; avrb kXoit p^alov re koI voSovi
303
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
**l^l€fjLvr)cro ovv ravrd re aTrayyelXac rw Ail kuI
TTpoaOelvaL 8' otl fjbrj hvvarov icTTL fxoL Kara
)(^copav fieveiv, rjv firj rou? <f)vaiKov<i iK€Lvo<;
€7nTpiyfrrj koX tov<; BtaXeKTCKov<i eTnaTO/jLiay fcal
Tr)v Sroav Karacr/cd'xjrr] koI rrjv ^A/caBrj/jdav
Karaf^Xe^T) koX Travarj Ta<; iv tol<^ irepurdTOL^
Biarpi/3d<;' ovrco yap av elprjvriv dydyoijjbt /cal
'
304
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
" So be sure to report all this to Zeus and to addj
too, that I cannot remain in my place unless he
destroys the natural philosophers, muzzles the
logicians, razes the Porch, burns down the Academy,
and stops the lectures in the Walks for only then
;
VOL, 11. X
THE WOUKS OF LUCIAN
(\)Opepm> 3pt/xu re Koi ruavcbBe^; ek e/ie dirtBcov,
306
:
X 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Be Tjpcora el ti<; en XeiTrerai, tmv oltto ^eiBiov
KoX 8l fjv aiTiav iWeiiroLev KOrjvaloi ra Aidaia
^
"^
ToaovTcov eroyv, koX el to 'OXvfjLTrleiov ^ avro)
eiTLTeXecrai SiavoovvTai, /cal el o'vv6\7](f)dt]aav ol
TOP iv AcoScovrf veoov crecrvXyjfcoTef;.
308
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
inquired whether any of the descendants of Phidias
were still left^ "v^hy the Athenians had omitted the
Diasia for so many years^ wliether they had any idea
of finishing the Olympieion for him and Avhether the
men who robbed his temple in Dodona had been
arrested.^
When I had answered these questions^ he said :
yevoLTO'^^ " 'H ZeO, to. fcpujjL/nvd /loi (puvac kciX to,
(TKopoBa'^^ " 'H OeoL, Tov irarepa /jloc ra-^eco'^ diro-
Oavelv'^^ 6 Be t^? dv e(prj, " El.'6^e KXi^povofxqaaiixi
T>}9 yvvaiKOf;^ **
^We XdOoifii em^ovXevaas rco
" Ao<;
dBeXdxp,^^ "Tevotro /jlol vifcfjcrat rrjv Blk>]v,'^
310
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
if they me once every four whole years
sacrifice to
at Olympia. Consequently, you can see for yourself
that my altars are more frigid than the Laws of
Plato or the Sjllogisms of Chrysippus."
Pursuing such topics, we came to the place where
he had to sit and hear the prayers. There was a
row of openings like mouths of wells, with covers
on them, and beside each stood a golden throne.
Sitting down by the first one, Zeus took off the cover
and gave his attention to the people v,ho were
praying. The prayers came from all parts of the
world and were of all sorts and kinds, for I myself
bent over the orifice and listened to them along
with him. They went like this " O Zeus, may I ;
" This by the Father was granted and that was denied
them." 1
You see,he let the just prayers come up through the
orifice and then took them and filed them away at
his right but he sent the impious ones back un-
;
3 liiad 2, 1 f.
-lis
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
29 (Tiav. KiiTreiSi] iraprjcrav airaine^i, ap)(€TaL Xiyetv
" Tijv atTLav rov avvayayetu vfid^ 6 ^(^Oi^of;
/jL€v
316
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
mation for an assembly to be made. When every-
body was there, he began to speak :
3^7
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Tov<; fjLa6r)Ta(i Kapjepiav ael Koi (Ta)(f)p0(7vvr)v kcll
TO avTapKe<; eTraivovcn koI ttXovtov koI rjSovrji;
^
320
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
my friends or associates is ill abed and needs relief
and attendance^ I ignore it.'
" That is what these whelps are like, gods.
Moreover, some of them who call themselves
Epicureans are very insolent fellows indeed and
attack us immoderately, saying not only that the
gods do not direct human affairs, but that they pay
no attention at all to what goes on. So it is high
time you were bethinking yourselves that if they
ever are able to persuade the world, you will go
uncommonly hungry for who would continue to
;
321
VOL. II. Y
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
So/cer TT€piaipe9eina avrov ra
irrepd, Iva jxr) KaX
rrjv^y^v
avOi^ 6\6r] TTore, vtto tgv 'Epfiov e?
KareveyOri^aL Truxepovr Kal o fiev ravra etircov^
roy
SaXvae TOP avWoyov, e>e Se 6 KvWijvco^
Kare-
Se^LOV coTO? aiTO/cpefidaa^ irepl eairepav x^e?
^epcov 6^ TOP KepafieiKov.
dil/ce „ ,^
''Airavra aKrjKoa^, diravTa, w eratpe, ra^
UoifCiXy
ovpavov' aTTeifii Toivvv Kal rot? ev rfj
TTepnrarovai tmv (pL\oa6(j>(OP avra raina
evay
ye\iov/JLevo<i.
322
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
y 2
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
It ia very doubtful whether the fifth century Timon of
Athens would have recognized himself in this presentment.
The comic poets of his own day tell us only that he was a
misanthrope. From. Lucian we hear that he became so
through the ingratitude of his friends, who took his money
and then turned tlieir backs upon him, and further that the
discover}'' of aburied treasure enabled him to requite them
with poetic justice. Of these tv\o essential features of
Lucian's portrait, the first is older tlian Lucian, for Plutarch
and Strabo say that Mark Antony, when his friends deserted
him, compared himself with Timon. The second occurs first
in Lucian, and may be his invention. We know, however,
that Antiphanes, a writer of the Middle Comedy, produced a
play called Timon. As the discovery of the treasure and the
punishment of the toadies would make a fitting conclusion
for a comedy, and as it is rather hard to imagine what other
conclusion the comedy of Antiphanes can have had, we
should perhaps credit the whole conception to the imagina-
tion of Antiphanes, infivienced, possibly, by the history of
"Master Upright" in the Plutiis of Aristophanes. It does
not follow, however, that Lucian had read the Timon, for its
plot may have been outlined in tlie life of Timon whicli
Neanthes of Cyzicus compiled about 200 B.C.
The indebtedness of Shakespeare to Lucian requires no
comment.
TiMQN H MiSANepnnoS
TIMnN
*n ZeO (f)i\ieKOI ^evie Koi eraipele koi i(f)eaTi€
Kol d<jT€po7rr}Ta Kal op/cce Koi V6<pe\r]y€peTa /cat
iplySovire fcal et rt ere aWool ifi^povTTjroc
7roit]TaX KoXovai, —koi /jidXiara orav o/Kopwai
iTpo<^ TO, /jiirpa' Tore yap avTOi<; itoXvoovvijlo^ yivo-
fxevo^ vrrepei^ei^; to ttIittov tov fxerpov Kal dva-
7r\7]pol<^ TO Ke')(rjvo<; tov pvd/Jbov — ttov aoL vvv 77
eptafidpayo'^ daTpairi^ Kal rj ffapv^pofio^; jSpovTrj
Kal 6 aWaXou^ Kal apyr)€L<; Kal ajJiephaXeo^
Kepavvo^; airavTa yap TavTa \r]po<^ rjhrj dvairk-
<f)r}V€ Kal Ka7rvo<; dT€)(yM'^ ttoltjtlko^ e^co tov
TTaTdyov tmv ovofidTcov. to Be doiSifiov aoi Kal
€K7)^6\0V OTtXoV Kal TTpOX^l'pOV OVK olS* OTTCO^
reXew? direa^rj Kal yjrvxpov iaTi, firjSe oXlyov
amv6?ipa opyr)^ KaTO, to)V dSiKOvvTcov Bia(f)v\dT-
Tov. OcLTTov yovv TMV eTTiopKelv Tif; eTrt^etpovvTcov
€(o\ov pvaWiSa (j^o^iiOeiri dv rj ttjv tov iravha-
fjuaTopo^; Kepavvov <p\6ya' ovtco SaXov Tiva iir-
avaTeiveadai Bokcl'^ avTol*;, 609 Trvp jxev rj KaTrvov
dir avTOv fxy-j BeSierat, fiovov he tovto oteaOat
diroXaveiv tov TpavfiaTO^;, otl dvaifkrio-OrjaovTai
T779 da/SoXov.
"D.aT6 rjSr) Bia TavTa aoc Kai o XaXficovev; dvTL-
PpovTOLv eToX/jLa, ov irdvv tl^ diriOavo'^ mv, irpo^i
^ irduv Ti Fritzsche
: irdvTr] MSS.
326
!
328
1
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
he was a man of fiery deeds flaunting his prowess in
the face of a Zeus so lukewarm in spirit. And why
not, when you lie asleep as if you were drugged
with mandragora ? You neither hear perjurers nor
see wrong-doers you are short-sighted and purblind
;
329
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
^OXv/JLTTiamv iTTi/Be^XiJKacn, /cat av o v'^tl3p€/j.€Ti]<;
MKV7]aa<; rj avaary^aai tov<; Kvva<; rj rov<; yeirora^;
eirLKaXeo-aaOaL, a><; ^OT^hpofirjaavre^; avTov<; av\-
\dl3oL€V en aucrK€va^ojjL6Vov<; tt^o? Tr)v (f)vyi]v'
Se^ia.
Tavra tolvvv, m Oavfjudaie, irrjviKa iravaeTai
ovTco'; dfjL€\(t}<; Trapopcofieva; t] irore KoXda€i<; ryjv
Tocravrrjp dhiKiav; iroaoi ^aeOovTe<; i) AevKa-
Xi.a)V€<; iKavol 7rpb<; ovt(o<^ virepavrXov vjBpiv tou
5 ^iov; 'iva yap rd Koivd idaa^ rdpd eiirw,
TOcrovTOVf; ^AdrjvaLcov et? vyjrof; apa^ fcal irXovaiov;
ifc TrevecTTdrwv d7ro(^r)va<^ Kal irdac roi<; BeofjL6voi<;
330
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
hands upon your own person at Olympia, and you,
High-thundercr though you be, were too sluggish to
rouse the dogs or to call in the neighbours that they
might come to your rescue and catch the fellows
while they were still packing up for flight. No,
you noble Giant-killer and Titan-conqueror, you sat
still and let them crop your long locks, holding a
ZEY5
Tt9 ouTo? i<7Tiv, 0) 'Rp/jLTJ, 6 /ceKpaya)<^ ifc T779
^ArriKrjf; irapa tov T/jltjttov ev ttj vTTwpeia
iTtvapo^ 0X0^ /cal avy^pMv Kal virohi^Oepo'^;
(TKdiTTei he olfxaL eTTLKeKUcpax;' \d\o<^ dvOpo)7ro<;
Kal Opaav'^, rj irov ^i\6ao(po<; eaTiv ov yap av
oi/TG)9 dcre/Sel^i tov^; \6yov<; Bie^yei Ka6^ rj/jbcov.
EPMH2
Tt ^^9, 0) irdrep; dyvoel^ Tlp^cova tov
'Ej)(^eKpaTiSov tov J^oWvTea; " ovto<; eaTLV ttoX-
\dKt<; rjfjbd<; KaO' lepwv TeXeucov eaTidaa^;, o
veorrXovTO^;, 6 Ta.9 oXa9 eKaTop^jSa*;, Trap (p
HERMES
What, father ! Don't you know Timon of Colly-
tus, the son of Echecratides ? He is the man who
often treated us to perfect sacrifices the one who
;
333
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ZEY2
rich man^ who had all the friends about him ? What
has happened to him to make him like this, poor
man^ a dirty fellow digging ditches and working for
wages, it seems, with such a heaf y pick to swing ?
HERMES
"Well, you might say that he was ruined by
kind-heartedness and philanthropy and compassion
on all those who were in want but in reality it was
;
335
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XeXrjcr fievoL avhpo^ roaavra firfpia ravpcov re Kal
alyayv Triorara /cav(TavTO<; tj/jlIv iirl rcov ^cofiayv
eji yovv ev Kvlaav avrcov €^co. ttXtjv
TaL<; picrl rrjv
VTT da')(o\ia^ re koI Oopv^ov ttoWov rwy iiriop-
KOvvTwv Kal ^la^ofjbivcov Kal apTva^ovTcov, en 3e
Kal (f)6l3ov Tov irapa tmv lepoavXovvrcov ttoWoI —
yap ovTOL Kal SvacpvXaKTOc Kal ovSe eir oXiyov
—
Karap^vaai rj/jLLV icpidcTL ttoXvv rjhr] '^popov ovSe
diri^Xe^a 69 Tr)v ^Attiktjv, Kal /laXLara e^ ov
(PiXocrocf)La Kal Xoycov epLBe<> eTreiroXaaav auroi?'
/jLa)(^op,6vo}v yap 7r/309 dXXijXovf; Kal KCKpayorcov
ovBe eiraKoveiv ecrrt twv ev^^v wcrre i) eVt/^t/-
adfievov xph '^^ ^'^^ KaOrjadau rj iTriTpififjvac 77/309
avTOiv, dpeTi]v Ttva Kal dcrco/jLaTa Kal Xrjpov<i
fieydXr) Tjj (f)a)vrj avveipovrcov. Bid ravrd tol kuI
TOVTOV dfxeXrjOrjvaL avve^rj irpo^ tj/jLcov ov (pavXov
ovra.
10 ''0/x&)9 Se TOV UXovTOV, w 'F/p/irj, irapaXa^oov
diridi Trap avrbv Kara rd^o^i' dyerco he 6 TiXov-
ro<; Kal tov Srjaavpov fie9' avTOv ^ Kal fieveTcoa-av
337
vol.. II. z
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
e(T')(e yap avrov rrjv ')(€lpa Yl€pL/c\r)<; — 6 Be Kepavvo^
et9 TO AvaKelov
' irapaaK.r^-y^a'; eKelvo re fcarecpXe^e
Kol avTo<; oXlyov Selv avverpl/Srj irepl ry irirpa,
TrXrjV ifcavrj ev roaovTOi fcal avrij ri/xcopia earai
avTOL<^, vTreprrXovTOvvra tov Tl/jlcovu opCoaiv.
EPMH5
11 Olov TO fxiya /ce/cpayevat kuI 6')(Xripov elvai
rj.v
ZET5
Aio. Ti, 0) apiare I1A,oOt6, kqX ravra efxov
fceXevaavTo<;;
nAOTTOS
12 ''Ot^ vr) Ala v^pL^ev el^ e/xe koI e^e^opet Kal €9
TToXXa Kare/xepi^e, Kal ravra Trarpwov avrw c^iXov
ovra, Kol /jiovovov^l Bi/cpdvot^ i^ecoOec pie Ti}9
ol/cia^; /caddirep ol to irvp e/c rcov '^ecpcov diroppi-
HERMES
What an advantageous thing it is to shout loudly
and be annoying and impudent
to It is useful not
!
RICHES
But I really can't go to him, Zeus.
ZEUS
Why not, my good Riches, when I have bidden
you to do so ?
RICHES
Why, by Zeus, because he treated me contumeli-
ously, bundled me out, made ducks and drakes of
me, although I was his father's friend, and all
but thrust me out of the house with a pitchfork,
throwing me away as people throw hot coals out of
tlieir hands. Am I to go back, then, and be be-
trayed into the hands of parasites and toadies and
prostitutes ? Send me to men who Avill be pleased
with the gift, Zeus, who will be attentive to me, who
hold me in honour and yearn for me, and let these
1 Lucian is referring to the fact that Pericles intervened in
favour of Anaxagoras when the latter was tried for impiety
at Atiiens.
339
z 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TOi Be 01 \dpot rfj irevia crvpeaTcoaav, i)v irpoTi-
KoX hi<f)6epav irap avrrj^ Xaj^ovre^ koX
fjiSicnv r)/jL(bv,
BiKcWav ayaTrdrcoaav aOXioi rerrapa^; o/SoXovfi
d7ro(f>epovTe<^, ol heKaTaKavTOv^ B(oped<; dixe\7)T\
irpolefxevoL.
ZET5
13 Ovhev €Tt TOiovTOv 6 Tu/jLoyv epydaerai irepX ai'
TTOLVv yap avTov r) Si/ceXka TreTraLSayGoyrjKev el , fir)
340
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
noddies abide with Poverty, whom they prefer to
me ;let them get a coat of skin and a pick from her
and be content, poor wretches, with a wage of four
obols, they who heedlessly fling away ten-talent
gifts.
ZEUS
Timon willnever again treat you in any such way,
for unless the small of his back is completely in-
sensible, his pick has certainly taught him tliat he
should have preferred you to Poverty. It seems to me,
however, that you are very fault-finding. Now you
are blaming Timon because he flung his doors open for
you and let you go abroad freely, neither locking you
in nor displaying jealousy ; but at other times it was
quite the reverse you used to get angry at the rich
;
and say that they locked you up with bolts and keys
and seals to such an extent that you could not put
your head out into the light of day. At all events
that was the lament you used to make to me, saying
that you were being stifled in deep darkness. That
was why you presented yourself to us pallid and full
of worries, with jour fingers deformed from the habit
of counting on them, and threatened that if you got
a chance you would run away. In short, you thought
it a terrible thing to lead a virginal life like Danae
in a chamber of bronze or iron, and to be brought
up under the care of those precise and unscrupulous
guardians. Interest and Accounts. As a matter of
fact, you used to say that they acted absurdly in that
they loved you to excess, yet did not dare to enjoy
you when they might, and instead of giving free
rein to their passion when it lay in their power to do
so, they kept watch and ward, looking fixedly at the
seal and the bolt for they thought it enjoj-ment
;
341
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
\av(TiV olo/nevov; ov to avrov^; airoXavecv e')(€iv,
nAOTT02
15 Kal ye raXT^^e? i^6Td^oi<^, dpcjico act
prjV eX
evXoya 86^(0 iroietv tov t€ yap TLp,(ovo<; to irdvv
TOVTo dveipevov dpeXe's /cal ov/c evvolKov co? tt/do?
ep,e et/^0T&)9 dv Bokoltj' Tov<i t€ av /caTa/cXecaTov
iv Ovpai^^ /cal (jKOTca <pv\dTT0VTa<;, otto)? avTol^
'7Ta')(yTepo<^ yevoip'rjv /cal 7r/.yLte\^9 /cal virepoyKO^
eTnp,e\ovp,evov^) ovTe TrpocraTrTop.evov^ avTov^ ovt€
fc'9 TO (/)a)9 7rpodyovTa<;, co<; p,7)8e ocpOelrjv trpo^^
TLVO^, dvorjTOV<; ev6p,L^ov elvat /cal v^pLCTTd^j ov8ev
dhu/covvTd ToaovTOi^ 8ecrpo'i<i KaTaarj-
pue virb
iT0VTa<;, pbeTa puKpov diTLaaLV dWa)
ovK elBoTa^ ax;
IG TLvl TMV evhaipovcov pue /caTa\c7r6vTe<;. ovt ovv
i/ceiVov<; ovtc tov^; irdw 'TTpo')(eipov<^ eh 6/xe tov-
Toi;? iiraivot), dWd
Tovf;, oirep dpidTov eaTi, pueTpov
RICHES
Really, if you look into the truth, you will think
that I do both with good reason, for Timon'
extreme laxity ma}' fairly be deemed inconsiderate
and unfriendly toward me ; and on the other hand,
when men kept me locked up in dark coffers, taking
pains to get me fat and plump and overgrown, and
neither laid a finger on me themselves nor brought
me out int? the light of day for fear that I might be
seen by someone else, I used to consider them
senseless and arrogant because they let me grow
soft in such durance when I had done no w^rong,
and were unaware that after a little they would go
away and leave me to some other favourite of fortune.
I have no praise, therefore, either for these men or
for those who are very free with me, but only for
those who will do what is best and observe modera-
343
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
€7ri6i]aovTa<; tm Trpdy/JbarL koX fii'jre dcpe^ofjievovf;
ZET2
18 Tt ovv dyavaKTel<; KaT avTcov; StSoaai yap
KaXrjv TTjV Slkijv, ol
a/jL(f)(o jiev coaTrep TdvTaXo<^
aTTOTOt Kal dy€V(7T0i Kal ^yjpol to (TTOfia, ein-
344
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
tion in the thing, neither holding hands off altogether
nor throwing me away outright.
Look at it in this way, Zeus, in the name of Zeus.
If a man should take a young and beautiful woman
for his lawful wife and then should not keep w^atch
of her or display jealousy at all, but should let her
go wherev er she would by night and by day and
have to do with anyone who wished, nay more,
should himself induce her to commit adultery,
opening his doors and playing the go-between and
inviting everybody in to her, would such a man
appear to love her ? You at least, Zeus, who have
often been in love, would not say so ! On the other
hand, suppose a man should take a woman of gentle
birth into his house in due form for the procreation of
children, and then should neither lay a finger on the
ripe and beautiful maiden himself nor suffer anyone
else to look at her, but should lock her up and kee})
her a maid, childless and sterile, asserting, however,
that he loved her and making it plain that he did so by
his colourand wasted flesh and sunken eves. Would
not such a man appear to be out of his mind when,
although he ought to have children and get some
good of his marriage, he lets so fair and lovely a girl
fade by keeping her all her life as if she were vowed
to Demeter That is the sort of thing I myself am
.''
nAOYT02
E^'6fc^'09 yap irore iravaeraL ojajrep etc KO(^ivov
r€Tpv7r7j/.i€vov, TTplv oXo)? elapvrjvai /xe, Kara
aTTOvBrjv i^avrXcov, (^Odaat (BoyXofxevo^ ryv
einppoyp, /jlt) virepavrXo'^ elaireacdv iiTLKkvaco
avTov; cdare 69 rov tmv Aavai'Scov irlOov vSpo-
(popjjo-ecv fioi BoKM Kol fxaTiiv eiravrXt^aeiv, rov
KVTOV<; fir) cTTeyovTO'^, dWa
irplv elapviivai a)(^68ov
eK')(y6rjaou.evov rov iiTLppeovTo^' oi/to)? evpvrepov
TO 77/309 Tr]v efC')(y(Tiv K€)(r)vo<; rov iriOov kol
dfC(t)\vTO<i r) e^oSo9.
ZEY5
19 OvKovv el fill ^f^(j>pd^6Tat to Keyrjvo^; tovto koI
eaTai dira^ ^ dvaireiTTaiievov, eK')(v6evT0'^ ev
(3pa')(el crov paBiw^; evpyjaet ttjv Bi^Sepav av6i<;
Kol TTjV SlxeWav ev ttj Tpvyl tou ttlOov. dX}C
aircTe tjBt]koX irXovTi^eTe avTOV av Be fiifivrjao,
0) 'Kpfirj, eiravicbv 7rpo<; rffid^ ayeiv toi'9 Ki;/cX&)7ra9
*'
coracle " here.
347
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
nAOYT02
OvK net TOVTO, oj Kpfirj, dXX oirojav /.tev airio)
irapd TLva 7reyLt(^^el? vtto tov A^o?, ovfc olS^ oirw^
/3paSv<; elfii kol ^wXo?
dfKporepoi^, &)? fioyi'^
reXetv eVt to repfia, irpoyi^pdaai-'TO'; iviore tov
TrepifJievovTO'^, oiroTav 5e diraWdTTeaOai Serj,
TTTrjvov 6'\\rei, ttoXv tmv ovecpcov oyKvrepov dfia
yovv eireaev i) vaTrXrjy^, fcdyco 7/8?; dvafCTjpvr-
TOfiai vevLKrjKd)^, virepiTrihrjGa^^ to CTTdScov ovSe
ISovTcov evioTe tmv OeaTMV.
EPMK2
OvK d\t]Orj TavTa 0?^?' iyco ye tov ttoWov^ dv
elireiv e')(0ipi aoi %^e9 j^ih' ovSe 6^o\ov waTe
irpiaaOaL ^po)(ov ia)(iiK6Ta^, d(f)vco Se Tt^p^epov
7r\ovaiov<; fcal TroX-ureXet? eVt \evKov ^evyov^
e^ekavvovTa<^, ol<; ovSe /cdv ovo^ vTrr]p^e ircoTroTe.
Koi iropcpvpoi fcal )(pva6x,^tp€<; 7r€pt€p)(^ovTai
op,a)<;
HERMES
What you say is not so. I myself could name you
plenty of men who yesterday had not a copper to
buy a rope with, but to-day are suddenly rich and
wealthy, riding out behind a span of white horses
when they never before owned so much as a donkey.
In spite of that, they go about dressed in pur])le,
with rings on their fingers, themselves unable to
believe, I fancy, that their wealth is not a dream,
RICHES
That a different matter, Hermes
is I do not go
;
349
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
22 TV pocnreTOfxein-jv TerptyoTef; o'l veorroi. iireihav he
TO (Trjfxelov a<patpe0y koI to \ivov evT/jLTjOfj koI r)
35^
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
swallow's chirping brood waits for her to fly home.
When the seal is removed^ the thread cut, and the
tablets opened^ they announce the name of my new
master, either a relative or a toady or a lewd slave
held in high esteem since the days of his wanton
youth, with his chin still shaven clean, who in this
way gets a generous recompense, deserving fellow
that he is, for many and various favours which he did
his master long after he had earned a discharge.
Whoever he may be, he snatches me up, tablets and
all, and runs off with me, changing his name from
Pyrrhias or Dromo or Tibius to Megacles or
Megabyzus or Protarchus, while those others who
opened their mouths in vain are left looking at one
another and m^ourning in earnest because such a
fine fish has made his escape from the inmost
pocket of their net after swallowing quantities of
bait.^ As for the man who has been flung head over
ears into riches, an uncultivated, coarse-grained
fellow who still shudders at the irons, pricks up his
ear if anyone casually flicks a whip in passing, and
worships the mill as if it were the seat of the
mysteries, he is no longer endurable to those who
encounter him, but insults gentlemen and whips his
fellow-slaves, just to see if he himself can do that
sort of thing, until at length he falls in with a pro-
stitute or takes a fancy to breed horses or gives
himself into the keeping of toadies who swear that
he is better looking than Nireus, better born than
Cecrops or Codrus, sharper witted than Odysseus
and richer than sixteen Croesuses in one and then
;
EPMH2
6'
24 Avrd TTOV (Tj(e^ov (f)r}<; ra yivofieva' OTrorav
ovv avTOTTov^; ^aSi^rj^, ttco? ovtcd TV(f>\o<; c!)v evpi-
(7K€t<; Tt]V ohov; Tj TTCO? hia<yiV(jL>aKei<; icf)* oif<i av ore
EPMH2
Il\r)V dXXd TL 7TpdTTet<; KarairefK^Oei^;
nAOTTOS
"Az^o) KoX KCLTOd TTXavcofiai,, irepivoaTOiv a^pi av
kdOco TLvl i/jLireacov o Be, 6aTL<^ av Trpwro? /ioi
TrepiTVXV' dirayayoDv irap avrov e')(eL, ae rov
'Kpfifjv eVl TOO irapaXoyw rov Kephov^ irpoaKWOiv.
EPMH2
25 Ovfcovv e^rjTrdrrjTaL 6 Zev<; olo/xevo^ ae Kara
rd avTO) SoKovvra irXovTi^etv 6aov<; av oXrjraL
Tov rrXovrelv d^lov<;;
nAOYT02
Kal fidXa SiKalcof;, oyyaOe, 09 ye rvcp^bv ovra
RICHES
Do you suppose I find the way or tell who they
are ? Good Heavens, not a bit of it Otherwise I I
RICHES
Iwander up and down, roaming about until I come
upon someone unawares, and that man, whoever he
may be who happens on me, takes me home and
keeps me, paying homage to you, Hermes, for his
unexpected stroke of good-luck.
HERMES
Then you have cheated Zeus, who thinks that you
observe his decrees and enrich those who in his
opinion deserve riches ?
RICHES
Yes, and very properly, my friend, for although he
^ Hipponicus was the father of Callias, and the son of
another Callias, the founder of the family fortunes. There
were several sinister stories current about the source of his
wealth, but Lucian is probably thinking of the version given
by Plutarch in the life of Aristides.
'^
All windfalls were attributed to Hermes.
353
VOL. II. A A
—
EPMH5
EZra TTW? eireihav /caraXtTri;? avTov<i paBio)';
<l)€vy€L<;, oxjK etS&)9 r^i^ oSov;
nAOTTOS
'Ofi;Se/5/c^9 TOT€ 7rft)9 fcal dpTL7rov<; yivofiai
TTpo^ fxovov Tov Katpov T779 (f>vyrj<;.
EPMH2
26 "Ert 87; fjLot Koi TovTo aTroKpivat, 7rft)9 ti;^\o9
«v elprjo-erai yap —
Kal irpocreTi otxpo'^ ^al papv<i
eK roiv a/ceXotv too-ovtov<; ipaardf; eyei^, (wcrre
7rdvTa<; diro^eireiv efc9 o^e, koi Tv^ovTa<; pLev
evhaipLovelv oXeaOai, el Se diroryxoi-ev ovk dvex^-
aOai ^(ovTa<;; olBa yovv Tiva<; ovk 0X1701/9 avTcov
ovToy^i (TOV hvaepwra^ 6Wa9 fiaOvK^-
otyarre Kal "e<;
rea ttoptov " ^epovre^; eppf\jrav avTOv<; Kal *' Tre-
rpcov Kar rfKiPdrwy,^^ virepopdaBai vop^i^ovre^ viro
(70V oreirep ^ ovSe rrjv dp-)(i]v icopaf; avT0v<;. ttXjjv
dWd Kal (TV dv ev olSa on 6fio\oy/]a€ia<;, ei ri
avvirj^ aavrov, Kopv^avTudv avT0v<; epcofievo) toi-
OVTtp €7nfJL€/jL7Jv6Ta<;.
nAOTT02
27 Oi€L yap TOiovTov ol6<; el/xi opdcrOat avT0L<i,
')((o\ov y TV^\6v rj ocra dWa /jlol 7rp6(T€aTi,v;
^ irtirtp du Soul : Jlrjirep MSS.
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
knew that I was blind^ he kept sending me to search
for a thing so hard to find^ which long ago became
ecHpsed in the world even a Lynceus could not find
;
HERMES
Now just answer me this one more question. How
is that although you are blind (pardon my frank-
it
ness), and not only that but pale and heavy-footed, you
have lovers in such number that all men regai- 1 you
with admiration and count themselves lucky if they
win you, but cannot bear to live if they fail ? In
fact, I know a good many of them who wxre so
desperately in love with you that they went and
fiung themselves " into the deep-bosomed sea '* and
" over the beetling crags " ^ because they thought
you were cutting them when as a matter of fact you
could not see them at all. But you yourself will
admit, I am sure, if you know yourself, that they
are crazy to lose their heads over such a belovea
RICHES
Do yousuppose they see me as I am, lame and
blind and with all my other bad points ?
* Theoguis 175.
355
A A 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
'A\Xa 7rft)9, 0) U\out€, et firj TV(f>Xol Kal avroi
iTCLVTe^ elalv;
nA0TT03
Ov TV(^\oi, CO api(TT6, dW 7] djvoia koX t)
EPMH2
28 Tfc ovv ore Kal ev avro) r)hi too irXovrelv yevo-
fievot Kal TO TTpoacoTreLov avrcl TTeptOefievoL en
l^airarwvTaL, Kal ifv Ti<; dc^aiprjraL avTOv<;, Odr-
Tov dv T7}v Ke^aXrjV rj to irpoawKelov irpooivro;
ov yap Bt} Kal rore dyvoelv eiKo'^ avrov^ a;? tVt-
')(^pLaro<; r; evjuiop(f>ia ecmv, evhoOev ra iravTa
6p(t)VTa<s-
nAOTTOS
OvK oXiya, o) 'Ep/jLv, Kal tt/jo? toOto fiOL avV'
aycovL^erac.
EPMH2
rr\\ «
la TToia;
riAOYTOS
^KTreihav Ti9 evTV')(d>v ro irpayrov dvaTrerdcra'^
Tijv Ovpav €l(7he')(7)rai pe, o-v/iTrapetaepxeTac /ner
euboi'f Xu6(ov 6 Tv4>0^ Kal rj dvoia Kal rj pL€yaXav)(^ia
356
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
HERMES
But how can the}' help it. Riches, unless they
themselves are all blind ?
RICHES
They are not blind, good friend, but Ignorance
and Deceit, who now hold sway everywhere, darken
their vision. Moreover, to avoid being wholly ugly,,
I always put on a very lovely mask, gay with tinsel
and jewels, and an embroidered robe before I meet
them whereupon, thinking that they see my beauty
;
HERMES
Why is then, that even after they are in the
it,
RICHES
When a man, on first encountering me, opens his
doors and takes me in. Pride, Folly, Arrogance,
Effeminacy, Insolence, Deceit, and myriads more,
357
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
fcai fjiaXaKia Kal v^pi'^ kol aTrdrr] koX aXX' arret
fivpta' viTo Sr) TovTCOv ciTrdvTcov KaTa\7](f)0el<; ryv
"^^XV^ ^au/xafei re rd ov Oavfjuaard Kal opiyerat,
TMV (j^evKTCOv Kafie top irdvTWV eKeivayv Trarepa rcov
elcre\rfKv6oT(t)v KaKwv riOijire 8opv(f)opoufjL€vov vtt
avT(ov, Kal irdvTa Trporepov nrdOoi av rj e/xe
jrpoeaOai virofxeiveLev dv.
EPMH2
29 'II9 ^e Xeto? Kal 6\ia6rip6<;, m TlXovre, Kal
el
Ofcr/caro^^o? fcal 8La(f)€VKTiKo<;, ovSefnav dvriXa^yv
'7Tape')(^ofM€VO<i jBe^alav aXX' cocrTrep al i'y)(e\eL<; rj
EPMH2
OvKOvv eTri^alvcopiep rjBij Trj<; ^ArriKrjf;' Kai p.ot,
me, the progenitor of all these ills that have come in,
because I am attended by them, and he would
endure anything in the world rather than put up
with losing me.
HERMES
But how smooth and slippery you are, Riches,
how hard to hold and how quick to get away ! You
offer people no secure grip at all, but make your
escape through their fingers in some way or other,
like an eel or a snake. Poverty, on the other hand,
is sticky and easy to grip, and has no end of hooks
growing out all over her body, so that when people
come near her she lays hold of them at once and
cannot be disengaged easily. But in the midst of
our gossip we have forgotten something rathei
important.
RICHES
What is it ?
HCRMES
We have not brought along Treasure, whom we
needed most.
RICHES
Be easy on that score; I always leave him on
earth when I go up to you, bidding him to stay at home
with the door locked and not to open to anyone
unless he hears me calling.
HERMES
Well, then, let's alight in Attica now. Take hold
of my cloak and follow me till I reach the outlying
farm.
359
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
nAOYTOS
EPMH2
''A\Xa)9 eBo^e ro) Ad' /xy dTroBeiXLcofiev ovv,
nENIA
32 Hot TovTOV dirdyei^, w *Apy€L(f)6pTa, ')(eLpa-
ycoySyv;
EPMH2
'EttI TOVTOvl TOP Tl/jLCOVa i7r€/jL(pdr]/JL6V VITO TOV
nENIA
NOi/ n\oi)T09 €7rl TlfMcova, oTTore avrov iyco
KaKco^ e^ovra viro ti]<; Tpvcpr]^; irapaXa^ovaa,
TOVTOicrX irapaSovaa, rfj ^o(f)La Kal ro) Uovqy, yev-
valov dvBpa Kal iroWov d^iov direheL^a; ovt(o<;
dpa €VKaTa(j)p6vrjT0(; vpuv /; ITez'ta BokS) Kal ev-
aBiKrjrof;, coaO^ o fiovov Krfj/ia el^nv d(^aipelcdai
360
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
RICHES
It is very good of you to lead me, Hermes, for if
you should leave me behind I would soon run against
Hyperbolus or Cleon as I strayed about. But what
is that noise as of iron on stone ?
HERMES
Our friend Timon is digging in a hilly and stony
piece of ground close by. Oho, Poverty is with liim,
and so is Toil likewise
; Endurance, Wisdom, Manli-
ness, and the whole host of their fellows that serve
under Captain Starvation, a far better sort than your
henchmen.
RICHES
Then why not beat a retreat as quickly as possible,
Hermes ? We can't accomplish anything worth
mentioning with a man that is hedged in by such an
army.
HERMES
Zeus thought differently, so let's not be cowardly.
POVERTY
W^here are you going with that person whom you
have by the hand, Hermes ?
HERMES
Zeus sent us to Timon here.
POVERTY .
EPMH2
"RBo^e ravra, w Hevla, tw Aa*
nENIA
^
33 Kit ep')(^o liar fcal vpLel^ Bi, w Hove xal '2.o(f>La
Kol ol XoiTTOi, aKoXovOecTe /xoi. 0UT09 Be rd^a
etaerai, oXav fie ovcrav diroXei'^ei, dyaOrjv avv-
epyov Kal BtBdorKoKov rcov dplaTcov, fj crvvcop
vyi6ivo<; fxev to (Tcjfia, €pp(o/i6vo<; Be rrjv yvoi-
fjLrjv BiereXeaev, dvBpo<; piov ^cop Kal Trpb^i avrov
EPMH2
^Airep^ovraf r]ixel<; Be irpoaiayixev avr(p,
TIMnN
34 'Ylve<; eare, &> Kardparoi; rj ri fiovXo/ievoc
Bevpo TjKere avBpa epydri^v Kal /jLiadocpopov evo-
')(Xrjaovre^ ; aXX' ov 'xaipovre^i airtre fjLiapol rravre^i
6Vt69* eyoo yap vfid<; avnKa jxdXa ^dXXuyp rot?
^d)Xoi<i Kal roL^ XWoLfi avvrpLyjrco.
'
EPMH5
M7;SayLKW9, w TifMcov, firj /3dXy<;' ov yap dvOpcO'
iTOV<; 6vra<^ ^aXetf;, dXX eyco fiev 'E^/xt}? elfii,,
362
!
HERMES
It was the will of Zeus, Poverty.
POVERTY
I am going ; follow me. Toil and Wisdom and the
rest of you. This man will soon find out whom he is
HERMES
They are going ; approach him.
let us
TIMON
Who are you, plague take you, and what do you
want that you come here to bother a man at work
and earning his wage ? You will go away sorry
that you came, vile wretches that you are, every one
of you for I'll very soon throw these clods and
;
HERMES
No, no, Timon don't throw at us, for we are not
!
363
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TIMnN
Kat v/Li6L(; )]hrj kultol Oeol 6vt€<;, w?
oljxoo^eaOe
(jyare' iravra'^yap afxa koI avO potiirov^ /cat <9eou9
fjuia-Qiy TOVTovl Se rov TV(f)\6v, oari^ av 17, koX iirt'
Tpi-^eiV fJLOi BofCM Tjj BiKeWrj,
nAOYTOS
^ATTLcofiev, 0) 'Ep/.t7], 7r/309 rod Ato9, fi€Xay)(^o\dv
jap 6 avOpodiTO^ ov /i.eT/3ta>9 p^oi So/cel, pur] tl kukov
ciTriXOa) irpoaXa/Scov.
EPMH2
35 'M.7]Bev a/caiop, co TipLWv, aWa to ttclvv tovto
aypiov rpa^^ Kara^aXcov irporeiva'^ tw X^^P^
fcal
XdpLJSave rrjv dyaO)]v tv^Vv Kal irXovrei irdXtv
Kal LaOi ^KOrjvaioyv ra Trpcora fcal vTrepopa rdv
dxctpicTTcov iK€LV(ov piovo^ avrb<; evBacpLovcov.
TIMHN
Ovhep vpcov heopiar pur) ivo'xXelTe pLOf lKavo<;
ipLolttXoOto? t) SiKeWa, to, 3' aWa
evhaipLOve-
f7TaT09 ^IpLL pLrjhevo^ pLoi 7r\i]aui^ovTO<i,
EPMH2
O1/TW9, w Tap, diravOp 0)77(1}^;
TIMHN
36 WWa aoL ptev, 'Epu.y, Kal Tft) Ail TrXelo-ri]
364
TIMON, Oil THE MISANTHROPE
TIMON
You even if you are gods, as you
shall catch it too.
say, for I hate all alike, both gods and men, and a?
for this blind fellow, whoever he may be, I shall
certainly break his head with my pick.
RICHES
Let's go, Hermes, in the name of Zeus, in order
that I may not come to some harm before going for ;
HERMES
Let's have no roughness, Timon. Lay aside this
excessive rudeness and asperity, stretch out your
hands and take your good fortune. Be rich once
more and a leading man in Athens, and cut the
acquaintance of those ingrates of old, keeping your
wealth to yourself.
TIMON
don't want anything of you don't bother me. M}^
I ;
365
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
;^a/3t9 T^9 iTTifieXeia^i, tovtovI Be tov YVKovtov ovk
av \dl3ot/jLC.
EPMH2
Tt B^;
TIMHN
'
Ore Koi TraXat ^vpicov jioL Kaicoiv aXiio<s ovto<^
icaT6(TTr) KoXa^l re irapahov^ koi eiri^ovXov^
iiraya'ycvv koI fU(To<^ iTreyelpa^ koX TjSuTraOela
hLa(f>deipa<^ fcal i'TrL(f>Oovov d7ro(j>rjva<s, xeXo? Se
a(f)va) KaTaXiirayv ovroxi dino-Ta)^ koI 7rpoBoTiKco<;'
I] /BeXricTTT] Be Uevia 7r6voi<; fie toi<; avBpiKwrd-
TOL^ KaTayv/jLvdcracra koi pier dXrjOeia^ koi irap-
prjaia^ irpoaofiiXovaa rd re dvay/caia Kd/jLvovrc
7rape2')(e koI to)v ttoXXwv eKeivcov Karaippovelv
eTraiBevev, ef avrov efiov Td<; eX-vrtSa? dirapTi^cracrd
fjLOt TOV ^Lov kgX Bei^aaa 6(tti<; rjv 6 ttXoDto? o
eyLt09, 01^ ovre KoXa^ Ocottcucop ovre crvK0(f)dvT7j(;
(f)o^(ov, ou BrjpLo^i 7rapo^vvdei<;, ovk eKKXrjaiaarrjf;
^r)^o^opr)aa^y ov rvpavvo^ eTTt/SovXevaaf; d^eXe-
37 crdat Bvvair av* eppwpLevo^ roiyapovv vtto tmv
TTovcov tov dypov tovtovl (f)iXo7r6v(o<^ eirepya^o-
p.evo<;, ovBev opoor twv ev daTet KaKcov, Ifcavd fcal
BiapKYj e^ft) Ta aX(j)LTa irapa tt}? B.L/ceXXrjf;. waTe
TToXivBpopLO^ aTTiOi, TOV UXovTOv iiTav-
0) *E/9/Ltr),
EPMH2
M?;5a/i,a)<>, wyade' ov yap 7rdvTe<; elalv eVt-
TrjBeLOL Trpo<; olpLfayrjV. dXX! ea opyiXa TavTa
tcl
fcal fieipaKicoBr] kul tov UXovtov 7rapdXa/3e. ovtoi
dTTO^XjjTa ecTTi Ta Ba>pa Ta irapa tov Aio^,
^ ir.aidyuu Flitzsche : anayaywy MSS.
-.66
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
Zeus for the care_, but I must decline to take your
friend Riches.
HERMES
Why, pray ?
TIMON
Because in bygone days he caused me infinite
harm by giving me over to toadies^ setting plotters
upon me, stirring up hatred against me, corrupting
me with high living, making me envied and finally
abandoning me in such a faithless and traitorous way.
But my good friend Poverty developed my body
with tasks of the most manly sort, conversed with
me truthfully and frankly, gave me all that I needed
if only I worked for it, and taught me to despise the
wealth I once cherished, making me depend upon
myself for my hope of a living and showing me
wherein lay my own riches, which could not be
taken away either by a toady with flattery or by a
blackmailer with threats, by a mob in a gust of
passion, a voter with his ballot or a tyi*ant with his
intrigues. Strengthened, therefore, by my labours, I
work upon this farm with pleasure in my toil, seeing
nothing of the ills in the city and getting ample and
sufficient sustenance from my pick. So wend your
way back again, Hermes, taking Riches up to Zeus.
For my part, I should be content if I could bring
sorrow to the whole world, young and old alike.
HERMES
Don't say that, my they do not all deserve
friend ;
TiMnN
Ae7e, fiy] fiaKpa fiivroi, /xi^Se fieia Trpooi/jLiwv,
(odTrep ol eiriTptiTTOi p')^Tope<i' ave^opai yap oe
oXlya Xiyovra Sta rov ^Rpfitjv rovrovi.
nAOTTOS
38 ^Fj')(pr}v /JL€V iao}<; Koi fia/cpa elirelv Trpo? ^ ovrco
TToWa viTO (70V /carrjyoprjOivTa' ofico^; Se opa et tl
ere, CO? <^/;9, TjSiKijKa, 09 rcov fiev rjhiarwv airavrcov
aLTi6<; aoL KaricrTi^v, ti/jLT]^; koi irpoehpiaf; koX crre-
(pdvcov Koi tt}? aX\ri<; t/3U^%, 'Trepi/BXeirTo^; re Kal
aoihijJLO^ Sl* ipe rjcOa Kal 7r€pia7rovSaaTO<;' el Se tl
y^oKeiTov Ik rcov koXcikcov TreTTOvOa^, avaiTLo^; iyco
cror piaXXov he auro? rjBLKrjpac rouro vtto gov, hiOTi
pe ovTCO'^ arlpco^; vire/SaXe^ avhpdcn KarapdroL^;
eiraLVGvai Kal KaTayo}]Tevovac Kal irdvra rpoirov
eTTo/SovXevovcrl p,ot' Kal to ye TeXevTalov ecpijaOa,
o)? TrpoSiScoKa ere, TOvvavTLov 8 av^ avro^; iyKaXe-
aatpi aoi rrdvTa Tpoirov direXadei'^ vtto gov koi
iirl Ke(paXr]v e^wGOeU t% olKia^i. Tocyapovv dvrl
paXaK7)<; '^XaviSof; ravTrjv ri-jv Sichdepav r) TLpLio)-
TaTY} GOi Tlevia TrepiTeOeiKev. <oGTe pdpTV<; 6
'EppLi)<; ovTOGi, TTW? LKerevov rov Ala prjKeO^ rjKeiv
EPMH5
39 *AXXa vvv opa^, co YlXovre, olo<; ySr] yeyii'7]Tcu;
wGTe Oappoiv GVpScdrpilBe avrw' Kal gv pev
* XaKfTraye'is, F^, Cobet xo-^fTrctiVeis, ^^ other ^ISS.
:
TIMON
Speak, but not at length nor witli a preface, like
a
rascally orator. I will endure a few words from
vou
for the sake of Hermes.
RICHES
Perhaps ought really to speak at length in
I
reply to so many charges made by you.
How-
ever, judge whether I have wronged
'you as you
say. It is I who brought you everytliing
that is
delightful,— honour, precedence, civic crowns,
and
every form of luxury; and you were admired
and
puffed and courted, thanks to me. On the other
hand, if you have suffered any cruel treatment
at
the hands of the toadies, I am not to blame
rather ;
HERMES
But now you see how mild he has become. Riches
;
so do not hesitate to remain with him. Timon,
go
369
VOL. H.
D B
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
(TKCLTTre ot)9 €%ef9* <tv he rov Sijaavpov virdyaye rrj
SiKeXXrj' v7raKov(T€Tac yap ifi/So^jcravTi aot.
v> /
O
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
on digging -without more ado_, and you. Riches^ bring
Treasure underneath his hoe, for Treasure will obey
your call.
TIMON
I must comply_, Hermes, and be rich again, ft;r
HERMES
Endure it, Timon, for my sake, even if it is difficult
and unbearable, in order that those toadies may burst
with envy. And now I am going to fly up to Heaven
bv way of Aetna.
RICHES
He has gone, it seems
for I infer it from the
;
TIMON
Ck)me, pick, be strong for me now and don't flag in
the task of calling Treasure out of the depths to the
light of day. O Zeus, god of miracles O gracious 1
Corybants ! O
Hermes, god of gain Where did all !
o7
B E 3
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Xpvacov iariv eiTi(jr)fioVy virepvOpov, ^apv Koi ttjv
7rpo(To\lnv vTreprjhLdTov.
J72
;
In very truth you stand out like blazing fire, not only
by night but by day.'- Come to me, my precious, my
pretty INow I am convinced that Zeus once turned
into gold, for what maid would not open her bosom
and receive so beautiful a lover coming down through
the roof in a shower } O Midas O Croesus O! !
'^
^Ka^iwu seeins to be used intransitiveh' { — fKaras). %Kas
tcy Faber rohs &\\ov5 Hemsteiliuys
: possibly (Kaeiwy
:
< kavTOV>
•'
OiacpSdipoixivov Kal Kuraff^eyyvwai Cobet KoraSmc/j^eipJ/.terov
:
Oi74
TIMOX, OR THE MISANTHROPE
them and make no treaties them, and the
witli
desert shall sunder me from them. Tribe, clan,
deme and native land itself shall be inane and use-
less names, and objects of the zeal of fools. Timon
shall keep his wealth to himself, scorn everyone and
live in luxury all by himself, remote from flattery
and tiresome praise. He shall sacrifice to the gods
and celebrate his feast-days by himself, his own
sole neighbour and crony, shaking free of all others.
Be it once for all resolved that he shall give himself
the farewell handclasp when he comes to die, and
shall set the funeral wreath upon his own brow.
His favourite name shall be the Misanthrope,' and
'
375
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Oev avvOeovGLv Keicovifievoi koX Trvevaricovre^, ov/c
ocBa oOev oacppaLvofxeuot tov 'y^pvaiov. irorepov
ovv iirX TOV nrd'yov tovtov ava/3a<; aTreXavvco
avTOv^ To2<;\idoL<; ef virepSe^Lcov ciKpo/BoXt^opevo^,
FNAenNIAHS
4G OvK iyo) eXeyov ovk dp.e\rjGovaL Tifi(iyvo<^
co?
TIMHN
N>; /cat (TV ye, cj VvaOwvl^rj, yvircov diravTCov
^Op{t)TaT€ Kal dvOpcoTTcov ilTLTpnTTOTaTe.
rNA0nNIAH2
'Aet (piXoafccopficov av ye. ciWa ttov to avjJL-
TIMr.N
Kat /jL7)p eXeyeid ye aarj [xd\a irepiTraOco^ vtto
TaVTT) T7J BLKeXky,
376
TIMOX, OR TIIK MISANTHHOPK
what haste they make They are running up from
!
GNATHONIDES
Didn't I say that the gods would not neglect an
upright man like Timon ? Good day to you, Timon,
in good looks,
first first in good manners and first in
good fellowship.
TIMOX
The same to you, Gnathonides, first of all vultures
in voracity and first of all mankind in rascality.
GNATHONIDES
You
are always fond of your joke. But where
are we to dine ? I have brought you a new son*,'
from one of the plays ^ that have just been put on.
TIMON
I assure you, it will be a very mournful dirge that
you will sing, with this pick of mine to prompt you.
Literally: " From one of the dithyrambs." The aUusion
1
377
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
FNAenNIAHS
Tt TOUTo; 7ratei9, (h Ti/jLoyv; fiaprvpofiai- (b
TIMP.N
"Etl yap fxevaL<^;
FNAeriNIAHS
"AireifiL' (TV 8e ov %a^p//(7ti9 ovrco GKaio^ i/c
-ypTjarov yevofievos-
TIMP-N
47 Tl9 0^x09 idTLV 6 TTpoaiouv, 6 di'a(f)a\avTLa^;
<X>tXm8?79, KoXdKOiV aTrdvTwv o (^'^eXvpdjTaro^^
vaio<; TTpoaevereivev.
«t>IAIAAH2
57S
TIMON^ OR THE MISANTHROPE
GNATHONIDES
What's this ? A blow^ Timoii ? I appeal to the
witnesses. O Heracles ! Oh I Oh ! I summon you
before the Areopagus for assault and battery.
TIMON
If you will only linger one moment more, the
summons will be for murder,
GNATHONIDES
No, no ! Do heal my wound, at least, by putting
a little gold on it. That is a wonderful specific for
staunching blood.
TIMON
What, are you still bent on staying ?
GNATHONIDES
I am going but you shall be sorry that you
; left
off being a gentleman and became such a boor.
TIMON
Who is coming up, with the bald pate ?
this
Philiades, the most nauseous toady of tliem all.
He received from me a whole farm and a dower of
two talents for his daugliter in payment for praising
me once, Avhen I had sung a song and everybody else
kept still, but he lauded me to the skies, vowing on
his word of honour that I was a better singer than a
swan. Yet when he saw me ill the other day and I
went up to him and begged for alms, the generous
fellow bestowed a thrashing on me.
PHILIADES
Oh, what effrontery So you all recognize Timon
!
379
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
f^f) eimrrihav SoKCJfMev.
/jLerpid^o/jiev, 009 ')(^alpe, co
*JAIAAH2
"KvdpwiTOi, Kajeaya rov Kpanov vtto tov d')(a~
pLCTTOu, Slotl rd av/j.(f)epovTa evovOerovv aurov.
TIMfiN
49 ^iBov TpLTO<; 0^X09 pijroyp A7;/x6a9 Trpoaipx^^aL
\lrjj(pi(Tp.a e-)(^u>v iv rfj Se^ia kol crvyyevr]^ ijperepo^
clvai Xeycov. 0UT09 eKKaiSeKa Trap e/xoO TdXavra
fxid^ rjfjLepa^ i/CTiaa^; rr} TroXei — KaraSeSiKao-TO
yap Kal iSeSero ov/c uTroSiSov^, Kayco eXe?;<ja9
iXvad/j.y]P avrov — eVetS^ Trpcprjv eXaye jfi ^Kpe-
380
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
go slow in spite of that, in order not to appear too
forward. Good day, sir be on your guard against
;
PniLl ADES
Help The ingrate has broken
I my head because I
gave him good advice.
TIMON
Lo and behold here comes a thiid, the orator
!
TIMHN
51 n&)9; hia yap to firj ex^iv oirXa ovhe irpov- i
ypd(f)r]v iv tm KaTokoycp.
AHMEA5
Mer/om ra irepl aavTov Xlyet^;, rjfieU Be dx^~
pKTTOi av e'cTj/jtev dpiVi]fxovovvTe^. " ert he koX
yjn]<f)L(T/jLaTa ypcicjicjv iial av/x^ovXevcov Kal
aTpa-
TTiyoiv ov piKpa a)</)eXi;cre ttjv ttoXlv eVt tovtoi<;
1 *A6r]vwv Bekkor : 'A9i}vaiu}v MS8.
' 'EX€.f/)aT(5ou Dindorf 6 'Kx^KpariBov
: MSS.
^ 'Axapyous islehlcr 'AxaP'eas MSS.
:
-.82
; ——
DKMEAS
What of that ? You v»ill be, later. It is best to
put in plenty of that sort of thing.
— and fought bravely for the city at Acharnae
''
after you.
TIMON
How can that be, Demeas, when you aren't even
married, as far as I know ?
DEMEAS
No, but I am going to marry next year, Zeus
willing, and have a child and I now name it Timon,
;
DEMEAS
Oh ! Oh
What does this mean ? Timon, you
!
385
VOL. II. C C
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TIMnN
53 AXV ovK l-fjireirprjaTai, c5 fxiape, v aKpoTroXi^i'
were Srj\o(i el av/co(pai>r(t)v.
AHMEA2
*AXXa Kol TrXouTet? top ottlo-OoSo/jlov Siopv^a<i,
TIMHN
Ov SicopvKTaL ovBe ovro<f^ coare airiOavd aov
KOL ravra.
ahmea:s
IS.iopV)(6rjaeTaL jxev varepov ijSr) 8e av Travra
TO, iv avTW ey^eL<^.
TIMHN
OvKovv Kai aWrji' \d/jL/3av€,
AHMEA2
O'l/jLOl to /jLeTacJDpevov.
TIMHN
KeKpayOr
M17 yap <JOi koI TpiTrjv
KaToiaa)
eTTel KoX yeXota irapbTrav av irdOoLfiL 860 /j,ev
AaKeSatfiovicov p.opa(; KUTaKoyfra^ dvo7r\o<;, ev he
fjLtapov dvOpcoTTtov (JLT) eiriTpi'^^a'i' fxdTYjv yap av
ei'rjv Kol OXvfiTria ttv^ koI irdXi^v.
veviKrjKa)'^
54 'AXXa TOVTo; ov ®pa(TVK\ri<^ 6 (f)i\6ao(f)0(;
TL
ovt6<; iaTiv; ov fxev ovv aXXa' e'/CTrerao-a? yovv
Tov TTcoycova koX tcl^ 6(f)pv<=; dvaTeiva<i koI /SpevOvo-
ixev6<^ TL TTyoo? avTov ep)(^eTat, TLTava)Se<; (BXeTrwv,
dvaaeao/Brj/jievof; ttjv eVl tu> /neTcoTro) ko/htjv,
AvTo/Bopea^ tc<; t) TpLTcov, otoi'?
Zev^L<; eypayjrep.
ovTO<; 6 TO cr^r]/jLa €V(TTa\r)<i /cal koctijllo^ to
^dSiafia KOL a(jL>(^povLKO<^ ttjv dva^o\i]v ecoOev
fjivpia oaa Trepl aper^? Ste^icov koX tcov rjhov^
')(at.p6vTa3v KaTr\yopbiv Kal to 6\iyapK€<^ eTraivcov,
€7r€LBr) Xova-dfxeva dcj)LK0iT0 iirl to SecTTPOV Kal 6
386
!
DEMEAS
Well, you got your money by breaking into the
treasury.
TIMON
That has not been broken into, so you can't make
good with that charge either.
DEMEAS
The breaking in will be done later, but you have
all the contents now.
TIMON
Well then, take that
DEMEAS
Oh, my back !
TIMON
Don't shriek or I will give you a third. It would
be too ridiculous if I had cut up two divisions of
Spartans unarmed and then couldn't thrash a single
filthy little creature like you. My victory at Olympia
in boxing and wrestling would be all for nothing !
387
c c 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Tiat? /jLeyaXrjv rrjv fcvXi/ca ope^euev avTa> — Ta>
^(opoT6p(p Se %at/3et jxaXio-ra — KaOaTrep to Ar)dri<;
vScop ifCTTioov ivavTicorara eiTL^eiKwrat tol<;
388
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
waiter hands him a large cup (and the the
stiffer it is,
389
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
©PA2TKAH2
56 Ov Kara w Tl/J^wv, rot? TroXXot? tovtok;
ravrd,
n(f)ty/jiat, top ttXovtov aov ^ reOr^iroTef;
o'lirep ^
391
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
irrjpav €fi7r\'^o-a<; 7rapd(T^oi<; ovBe oX-Of 9 Svo (Jbehi-
TIMnN
^^Airaivo) ravrd aov, w Spa(7Vfc\€t<;' irpo S' ovv^
T^9 7rr)pa<;, el Sofcei, ^epe aoL rrjv K€(f)a\7jv
ifiTrXTjaoi) kopBvXcdv eirifieTprjaa^i rfj SiKeWrf.
0PA2YKAH2
'fl hrfpLOKpaTia teal vo/jlol, Traio/jbeOa viro rov
Karapdrou iv iXevdepa rfj irokei.
TIMnN
TfcdyavaiCTel^, ayyaOe; /xcov ^ irapaKeKpovafiai
ae; koX /irjv eirepL^aKo} )(^oivc/ca<; virep to /nerpov
58 TeTTopa^, aSXa tl tovto; ttoWoI avvep')(0VTar
BXe-^/rta? efC€lvo<; /cal Ad')(^r)<; Kal Tvi^wv /cal 6\ov^
TO crvvrayfjba tmv ol/xcj^ofMevcov. axrre tl ovk eirl
TTjV ireTpav TavTijv dveXdcov Tr)v fiev StKeWav
oXiyov dvairavco rrdXat TreTTOvrjfcvlav, avTo<^ 3e otl
iTXei(TTOv<; XiOov^ av/jL(f>oprjcra<; i'm'x^aXa^oi irop-
pcoOev avTOV<;;
BAE^IA5
M^ ^dXXe, 0) Ti/jb(i)V' diTip.ev ydp.
TIMnN
*AXV OVK dvai/JLcoTi ye vfjuel^ ovhe dvev Tpav-
/jidTOOV.
^ S' oZv Jacobitz : yovp MSS.
2 fioov Dindorf : Ti/io);/ MSS.
* '6\ov Mehler : '6\ws MSS
39a
! !
BLEPSIAS
Don't throw at us, Timon ; we are going away.
TIMON
But not without bloodshed and wounds, I promise
you !
393
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
A presentation of the life of man as it appears to Charon
the ferryman, who knows how it all ends. The world which
Charon visits and comments on is that of the sixth century
B.C., not that of Lucian's day, for to Lucian as to most of his
contemporaries the life that he found in books was more
interesting and more real than that in which he lived and
moved. What his satire loses in pungency on this account,
it gains in universality of appeal.
XAPflN H EniSKOnOTNTES
EPMH2
1 Tfc yeXd'^, 0) ^dpcov; rj tL to iropOfMelov airo-
Xlttcov Sevpo avekr}\v6a<; eh rrjv rjfjberepai/ ov irdvv
€lco6co^ €7rc')(^copid^eiv tol<; dvco TvpciypLaaiv;
XAPriN
^ETreOv/jLTjaa, o) 'Kp/jLi), IBecv oiroid icm rd ev
T(p ^L(p Kai a irpaTTOvaiv ol dvOpcoTToi ev avro) rj
EPMH2
Ov o-')(^o\rj /xoL, 0) iTOpOfJuev' d7rep')(0fiai ydp rt
SiaKovrjao/jievof; tw dvco Au rcov dvOpcoTTLKCOV 6 Be
6^v6v/jl6<; Kai Si8t,a pur) /SpaSvvavrd p,e
re iart ^
397
THE WORKS OF LLICIAN
diravTa, w? n
koI IScov eTravekdoifir co? riv fie av
d(f)7J(;, ovSep twv TV(f)\cov ^ hioiaw KaOdivep yap
eKelvoL a(f)dX\ovTaL fcal hiokiaO dvovaiv ev tm
CTKOKpt OVTO) St) Kay (a (J 01 eflTTcCKlV dfl^XvUiTTCd
7rpo<s TO (^co?. dXXd 809, w J^uXXypie, €9 del
fiefivrfCFOfxevw Tifv 'X^dpiv.
EPMH2
ToOto to wpdyfia KaraaTrjaeral
7rXr]ya)v alriov
fior opod yovv tov fitaObv
tjSi] t?}? 7repLr]y)]cr€a)<i
CHARON
Then will you me wander aimlessly above
let
ground, you who are a comrade and a shipmate and a
fellow guide of souls ? Come now, son of Maea, you
would do well to remember this at least, that I have
never ordered you to bale or take an oar. On the
contrary, you stretch yourself out on deck and
snore, in spite of those broad shoulders of yours, or
if you find a talkative dead man, you chat with him
throughout the trip, while I, old as I am, row both
oars of my boat alone. Come, in your father's name,
Hermie dear, don't leave me stranded be mv oruide
*
HERMES
This business will stand me in a thrashing at any
;
399
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
fcalavTov KcoXvcreL evepyelv ra rod Savdrov epya
KOI rr)V Yi\ovTwvo<s ap'^Tjv ^tj/jllovv /jltj veKpayw-
yovvra iroWov rov -^povov Kara o re\(£>vrj<^ AlaKO<;
dyavaKrrjaec fJur^K ofSoXov efiiroXoiv. 6l>^ Se ra K€(f)d-
\aia roov yiyvofxevcov Ihoi^, rovro rjSrj aKeirreov.
XAPHN
Auto?, w 'Ep/j,rj, einvoei ro ^iXrcarov iyco Be
ovSev olSa rcov virep 7779 ^ivo<i cjv.
EPMH2
To /jL€V oXovy 0) ^dpcov, v-\\rrfkov nvo^ t)/jLtp Set
XcopLOv, CO? avr' eKeivov rravra KariZoL^^' aol Be el
fiev €? rov ovpavov dveXOelv hvvarov ovk av
rjv,
XAPHN
OlaOa, 0) 'Epfxrj, direp etcoOa Xeyeiv iyco Trpo?
L'yLta?, €7rei8dv irXecofiev; oirorav yap ro irvevfia
Karaiyiaav irXayici rfj oOovy
Kal ro KVjxa
efiirear)
ijylrriXov dpOfj, rore vfjiel^; /xev vir dyvoua^ KeXevere
rrjv oOovrjv arelXac rj ivSovvat oXiyov rov ttoSo? tj
avveKSpa/jL€LV rw irvevfxari, eycb he rr)v i]TV')(iav
dyeiv irapaKeXevofjLaL v/jllv auro^ yap elSevai rb
jSiXnov. Kara ravrd Sr] Kal crv irpdrre oiroaa
KaXcof; e'X^eiv vofii^ei^ Kv^epvrjrr)^ vvv ye cav iyco
Se, cjcTirep iTTL/3draL<; v6fio<;, aLcoirfi Kadehovfxat
irdvra 7rei,66/j,evo<; KeXevovri <J0i.
EPMH5
*OpOco^ Xeyei,<{* avr6<i yap etaofjiai rl Trotrjreov
400
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
work of Death and compelled to embarrass the rev-
enues of Pluto's government by not bringing in any
dead for a long time besides, Aeacus the toll-taker
;
CHARON
You must determine what is best, Hermes I ;
EPMH2
"OfjL7)po<; '7roir)Tr]<; <^rjaL tov<; 'AXwew?
vlea^, Svo
Koi avTov<; ovra^, en iralBa^ edeXrjcrai irore ti]v
'Oaaav €K ^dOpcop dvaaTrdaavTa^; einOelvaL tco
'OXu/ATTft), elra to TirfKiov eir avrfj, l/cav7]v rav-
rr)v KKifxaKa e^eiv olofievovff Kal irpoa^acnv eirl
TOV ovpavov. eKeivw fiev ovv tco jneipaKLO), dra-
aOdXo) yap Tjo-rrjv, SiKa^; €TLadT7]v' vo) Se ov yap —
eVl Kafco) Tcov Oewv ravra jSovXevofiev rt ov^l —
oLKoSofMOVfiev Kal avTol Kara rd avrd eiriKuXLv-
8ovvTe<; eirdXXrjXa rd opr], d)<; €)(^ot,fj,ev d(f)^ iiyjrrjXo-
repov dKpL^earepav rrjv aKoirrjv;
XAPHN
4 Kal Bvvrjao/jLeOa, w '^pfxrj, Bv oWe? dvaOeaOai
dpdfxevoi TO Yii'fXtov rj ttjv "Oaaav;
EPMH5
la TV ovK av, o) j^apcov; fj a^Lot<i ayev-
7]/jLa<;
XAPHN
OvK, dXXd TO 'irpdy/jLa SoKel fioc diridavov Tiva
T7)v fieyaXovpyiav e')(eLV.
*
^ uv|/7jA(^T€poj Schneider : v\\n]\6'Tfpos fi MSS.
402
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
will find the proper coign of vantage. Well then,
willCaucasus do, or Parnassus, or Ol^'^mpus yonder,
which is higher than either ? But no, as I looked at
Olympus an idea came to me that is not half bad ;
CHARON
Give your orders ; I will help as much as I can.
HEP.MES
The poet Homer says that the sons of Aloeus, who,
like ourselves, were two in number, took a fMiic,
once upon a time while tiity were still mere chilciren
to pluck Ossa from its base and set it on Olympus,
and then to set Pelion on top of it, thinking that
this would give them a suitable ladder with which
to scale Heaven. 1 Well, these two lads were
sacrilegious and they were punished for it but we ;
CHARON
Shall we be able to lift Pelion or Ossa and heave
it up, Hermes, when there are only two of us ?
HERMES
Why not, Charon ? Surely you don't consider us
weaker than that pair of infants ? Moreover, we are
gods.
CHAROxN
No, but the thing seems to me to involve an
incredible deal of work.
1 Od. 11, so:, ft
n n 5
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
EtATOTft)?* l8LC0Tr]is JCip el, O) ^dpCOV, KOI r}Ki(TTa
7roL7]TL/<:6<;' o Be y€vvd8a^"0/iir)po<s diro Svo2v crri-
Xoi'J^ avTLKa i)jMV dfi^arov eTTOtz/cre rov ovpavov,
ovTd) paBi,Q)<; avuOel^ ra oprj. /cal Oavfid^w el aoi
ravra repdaria eivai SoKet rov " ArXavra ByjXaBr)
elSoTL, 09 TOP nroKov avrov el? wv (pepec dve^cov
rjud^i diravra^. aKOvei'^ he ye icrccx; koI rov dhe\-
(pov rov ifJLov irepL rov 'h{paK\,iov(;, oo? hiahe^atro
TTore avTOf; itcelvo^;^ tgv "ArXavra, koX dvaTravorete
7rpo<; oXiyop rod d')(6ov^ viroOel^; eavrov Tq>
(pOpTLO).
XAPHN
^Akovco koX ravra' el he d\t]Or] eariv, crv dv, o)
EPMH2
'AXrjdearara, S) Xdpcov. rj rlvo^ yap eveica
(TO(f)ol dvhpe<; e-y\revhovro dv; cocrre dvafxo')(\.evoL> jiev
rrjv 'Oaaav irpayrov, oiarrep rj/juv v(f)rjyeLraL ro
e7ro9 fcal 6 dp^ire/crcov '
O/x7;y0O9,
fKSp.VOV MSS.
A04
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
HERMES
Of course, for you are only a prosaic body, Charon,
and not a bit of a poet. Good Homer, however, has
made possible for us to scale Heaven in a jifty
it
CHARON
have heard that but whether it
Yes, I ; is true or
not, Hermes, you and the poets only know !
HERMES
True as can be, Charon. Why should wise men
lie So let us uproot Ossa first, according to
.''
405
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TTopOfiev, Koi r) Octt], co? eoL/ceVy elra 6 Uapvaaab^;
iirl TracFLV.
XAPHN
OvTOD TTOiay/JLev. opa /lovov/jlt] XeirroTepov e^ep-
EPIVIH2
Et 76 w Hdpcov, diravra' ov/c
/cal ISelv iOeXei^;,
eri Be d/ji<j)(o Kal (hiXoOedpLova elvai.
fcal dcrc^aXrj
dXk e%ou fjbov T779 he^iCL'^ fcal (f)€L8ov fir) Kara rov
oXiaOripov iraTelv. ev ye, dve\rj\v6a<^ Kal av'
Kal eireiirep ScKopv/jL/So'^ Yiapvaaa6<; ecrri, p,iav
eKdrepo^ aKpav aTroXa/So/jLevoc KaOe^co/jLcda- av
Se jJiOL tjBt] ev kvkXcd irepL^XeiTcov eiriaKoirei
diravTa.
XAPHN
'Opo) yrjv TToXXrjv Kal Xt/jivrjv riva fieydXrjv
TrepLppeovaav Kal opr) Kal Trora/JLOV^; rov K.(okvtov
Kal YivpK^XeyeOovTQf; /iiei^ova<; Kal dp6pco7rov<;
irdi V a/iLKpov^; Kat TLva<; (f)(oX€Ov<; avrcov.
EPMH5
IloXei? eKelvai elcnv ov<; (jicoXeovf; elvai vo/ii^€i<;,
406
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
Oeta too, ferryman, and then Parnassus to top them
all.
CHARON
Let's do so. But take care that we don't make
the structure too slender by heightening it beyond
all reason, and so tumble down with it and pay
bitterly for our experiment in Homeric building by
breaking our heads.
HERMES
Never fear everything will be secure.
; Move
Oeta over. Roll Parnassus this way. There now, I
am going up again. It is all right, I see everything;
now come up yourself.
CHARON
Put out your hand, Hennes. This is an uncom-
monly big piece of stage-machinery that you are
mounting me on.
HERMES
Must be done, if you are bound to see everything,
Charon. One can't see sights without taking
chances. Come, take hold of my right hand and
look out you don't step where it is slippery. Good,
you are up too. As Parnassus has two peaks, let us
each take a summit for himself and sit on it. Now,
then, look round about you and inspect everything.
CHARON
see a quantity of land with a great lagoon encir-
I
HERMES
Those things which you take to be hiding-places
are cities. ^
407
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XAPHN
OlaOa ovv, o) 'Ep/iPj, co? ovSev 7)fXLi> TreirpaKTat,
dWa /xaT?;y top Uapvaaahv avrfj KacrraXta Kat
rrjv Oltj]V koX ra dWa oprj fxeTeKivrjaafxev;
EPMH2
"On ri;
XAPHN
Ovhlv afcptf3€<^ 67^) jovv airo rov vylnjXoO opoy
€Se6jii')]v 8e ou TToXet? kuI opr] avro /liovop coairep
ev <ypa(pal<; opav, aWa
tou? avOpanrov^ avTOv<;
Kal a TrpdrrovcTL koI ola Xeyovaiv. wairep ore fie
TO irpwTOV ivTvycov elBe<i yeXcoi'Ta /cal i]pov ye 6 tl
ye\a)7]P, iiKOVda^ tivo<^ rjaO^jv eh VTrep/SoXiju.
EPMK2
Tt 8e TOVTO v,v;
XAPHN
'EttI heliTvov, olfiac, K\r]Oei<; ti<;^ vtto tlvo^ tmv
(piXcov e? r7]P varepaiav, " MdXiara 7]^co,^^ ^i^V>
Kal fiera^i) Xeyovro^^ diro tgv reyou? KepajA^
ifjLTTecrovcra ov/c oI8' orov Kivrjaavro^ direKreivev
avTov. iyeXaaa ovv ovk eTrtreXeaavro^ ryjv
vTToayeaiv. eoi/ca Se Kal vvv vTroKara/SijaeaOai,
&)? fidXXov /SXeTToifu Kal dKovoifiL.
EPMH2
"E^' drpep^a' Kal tovto yap eyco Idaofiai croi
Kal o^vSepKearaTov ev /Spa^^^ o-e ^ d7ro(f)av(t) Trap*
'O/jb/jpov TLvd Kal 7rpo<i tovto eiroiSyv Xa^cov,
KaireiSdv eiTra) ra eiri], /xefivijao pujKeTL dfi/3Xv-
coTTeiv, dXXa aa(j)6)<^ irdvTa opdv.
* Tis 5", Herwerden not in best INISS.
:
HERMES
What was it ?
CHARON
A man who had been invited to dinner, I take it,
by one of his friends for the next day replied
"Certainly I shall come," and even as he spoke a tile
from the roof which someone had dislodged fell
on him and killed him. I had to laugh at him
because he did not keep his promise I think —
I shall go down a little, so as to see and hear
better.
HERMES
Hold stillremedy that for you too and will
; 1 will
make you sharp-sighted in a minute by getting
a charm out of Homer for this purpose as well as the
other. When I say the verses remember not to be
short-sighted any longer^ but to see everything
distinctly.
409
TFIE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XAPHN
A€7e fiovov.
EPMH2
^A')(\vv K av TOi CUT 6(f>0aX/jL(ov eXov, ^ irplv
EPMH2
Kal TTodev (TV €%6i9 Ti Tojv i/celvov elhevai,
vavTrj^ ael /cal irpoaKcoTro^ a>v;
XAPnN
'Opd<;, ovei^LCTTiKov tovto el^ ttjp Te^vv^- €70)
Be oiroTe BteiropOfievov avTOV airoOavovTa, iroWa
f)ayjrq)SovvTO<; aKOvaa^ KaiTot
ivicov 6tl fie/Jbvrjfiar
ov fiiKpo<; Tore KaTeXd/bb/Savev.
^(^eifjLcbv r)/jid(i tVel
yap Tjp^aTO aheuv ov irdvv alcnov Tiva (ohrjv toI^
TrXeovcriv, ft)9 TLoaetBcov (Tvvijyaye Ta9 v€(f)e\a<;
fcal €Tdpa^€ TOV ttovtov oyairep Topvvrjv tivcl
ifjLpaXoov Tr)v Tplaivav Kal irdcra^ Ta<; OveWa^
a)p66vve Kal dWa
TroWd, kvkcov r^y OdXaTTav
VTTO t6)V iiTcov, y^eijJLwv d(f)V(o Kal yi>6(f)0<; ijJLireaaiv
oXiyov helv irepieTpeylrev '))/jlIv ti]V vavv OTe irep
Kal vavTidaa<s eKelvo<; dTrrjpieae tmv pa^\ra)hi(i)v
Ta9 7roXXa9 avTrj ^kvXXtj Kal ^apv^Sei Kal
410
!
CHARON
Lynceus was a blind man beside
Marvellously '
HERMES
How
can you know any of it when you are always
on shipboard and at the oar }
CHARON
See here, that a libel on my calling
is When I !
set him over the ferry after his death, I heard him
recite a quantity of verses and still remember some
of them, although a good bit of a storm caught us
then. You see, he began to sing a song that was
not too auspicious for the passengers, telling how
Poseidon brought the clouds together, stirred up the
deep by plunging in his trident as if it were a ladle,
excited all the gales and a lot more of it. Thus he
put the sea in a commotion with his verses, and a
black squall suddenly struck us and just misse4-v]
capsizing the boat. Then he became seasick and
jettisoned most of his lays, including Scylla and
1 Iliad 5, 127 ff.
411
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KvkXcottl. ov yaXeiTov ovv tjv eV roaovrov ifjuerov
8 oXtya yovv SiacpvXdTTeiv. elire fydp fior
EPMK2
yiiK-wv ovTG(; ifc K.p6to)vo<; dOXrjTi]^;. eiri-
XAPnN
Kat iTOcrcp hiKaiorepov dv ifxe, o) 'Rpfirj, eirat-
EPMH2
YioOev eKeivo<; davdrov vvv pLvr]p.ov€va€i€v dv
h> dKpLrj Toaavrr);
XAPnN
"Ea TOVTOv ovK et9 pbarcpdv yeXcora rjpblv Tvape-
412
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
Ch.irybdis and the Cyclops so that ; it wasn't hard
for me to get a little salvage out of all that he let
go.^ Tell me :
handsome.
so
Towering over the throng by a head and a broad
pair of shoulders ?
" ^
HERMES
That is Milo, the athlete from Croton. The
Greeks are clapping their hands at him because he
has lifted the bull and is carrying him through the
centre of the stadium.
CHARON
How much more fitting it would be, Hermes, if
they should applaud me for in a little while I shall
;
HERMES
Why
should he think of death now, when he is so
young and strong }
CHARON
Never mind him ; he will give us food for laughter
^ Lucian appears to have borrowed this from a picture by
Galato in which the indebtedness of the other poeta to
Homer was caricatured with more force than elegance.
2 Parody on Iliad 3, 226 (Ajax).
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
^ovra OTTorav irXerj, /X77S* i/xTrlBa ol'% 07r&)9 ravpov
9 en apacrOac Swd/Mevo^;. ^v Be fioc eKelvo elire,
ovx EiWrjp,
'
o)? €OLK€v, aTTo yovv T^9 <7T0X^9.
EPMH2
K{)/309, M j:idpcov, 6 K.afM/3vaov, 09 ryv dp')(riv
iraXai ^ir)Bwv i')(ovr(i3V vvv Yiepaoiv tjBt] iiroirjaev
elvar Koi ^AaavpLcov S' eVa7^09 ovrof; i/cpdrrjae
Koi J^a^vXcova irapeaTrjCTaTO koi vvv iXacreiovTi
eirl AvBiav eoiKCv, 0)9 fcadekcov tov J^poccrov dp')(OL
uTravTcov.
XAPHN
'O Kpot<709 ^e 'JTov TTore fcdK€tv6<; eanv;
EPMH2
^E/ceicre aTTojSXe'ylrov 69 rrjv fieydXrjv d,Kp6iToXLVt
TTJV TO TpiirXoVV T6t;^09' ^dphei<^ €K€LVaC, KOl TOV
J^polaov avTov opa<i i'jBr} eirl fcXivrjf; ')(^pvar]<;
icaOrjpLevov, XoXcovi tw KOrjvaiw BiaXeyo/juevov.
^
HERMES
That Cyrus, Charon^ the son of Cambyses, who
is
CHARON
By all means.
CROESUS
My friend from Athens, as you have seen my
riches, my treasuries, all the bullion that I have and
SOAHN
TeWo? ' Xdi^vaio^, 09 ev r e^Lcd koX direOavev
vTvep TTj^ nrarpiho'^.
KP01202
'E^o) 3e, 03 KdOapfia, ov aoi Sukco evSaificov
elvai;
20AnN
OvBeTTco ol8a, &> Kpotcre, 7)1/ ^^ 7r/309 to TeXo?
d(f)iKr) Tov piov 6 yap 6dvaT0<; aKpL^rj^ 6\ey')(^o^
(pepovac;
416
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
HERMES
Never fear ; notliing ignoble, Charon.
SOLON
Fortunate men are few, Croesus, but I consider
that of all the men I know, the most fortunate are
Cleobis and Biton, the sons of the priestess at Argos,
who died together the other day when they had
harnessed themselves and drawn their mother to the
temple on the wagon. ^
CROESUS
Very well, let them have the first rank in good
fortune. But who would be the second ?
SOLON
Tellus of Athens, who lived happily and died for
his country.
CROESUS
But what about me, knave ? Don't you think I
am fortunate ?
SOLON
1 do not know, Croesus, and shall not until you
come to the close of your life Death is a sure test
in such matters, that and a fortunate life right up to
the end.
CHARON
Tliank you kindly, Solon, for not forgetting us,*
but demanding the decision of such matters to be
made right at the ferry. But who are those men
whom Croesus is sending out, and what are they
carrying on their shoulders ? ^
* In Herodotus Tellus gets the first place.
2 Himself and Pluto.
' Compare Herodotus i. 50 The conversation between
flf.
417
VOL. II. E E
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
UXlvOov^ T(p T\v6iw 'X^pvadf; ai/artOrjac fXicrdov
TWV '^pr]Or/JLO)V V(f) (bv KOi CLTToXelTai jJiLKpoV
vorrepov (fnXofJiavTL^; he dvrjp ^ t/CT07rco9.
XAPflN
^Kecvo yap ecrriv 6 ')(^pvcr6<;, to Xa/jLirpov o
airo(7Ti\^€L, ro virw^pov fier epvOij/xaro'^; vvv
yap 7rp(i)Tov elSov, afcovcov aei.
EPMH2
YiKelvo, 0) X^dpcov, TO doiBi/iiov ovo/xa Kal
Trept/jbd')(r]TOV.
XAPHN
Kal fiTju ov')(^ op(o 6 TL TO dyaOov avTO) irpocr-
eaTtv, el firj dpa ev tl jjlovov, otl ^apvvovTai ol
cpepovTe^ avTo.
EPMH2
Ov yap olaOa oaot tovto Kal ein-
iroXefioL Sid
^ovXal Kal XycfTTjpia Kal iinopKiaL Kal cpovot Kal
Seafid"^ Kal eixiropiai Kal SovXelac;
XAPHN
Aid TOVTO, TTOXv TOV ')(^a\K0V
O) Rp/jLYJ, TO flT)
CHARON
On account of this substance, not much different
from bronze ? I know bronze, for, as you are aware,
I collect an obol from everyone who makes the
downward journey
HERMES
Yes, but bronze is plentiful, so that they do not
prize it very highly, while this is dug up by the
miners at a great depth in small quantities. It
comes from the earth, however, like lead and the
rest of the metals.
419
E E 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XAPnN
Aeiv^v TLva Xeyei^ rcov avOpo^Trcav rrjv ajBeX-
repiav, ot roaovrov epcora epoyatv wxpov kuI
^apeo<; KTy/juaro^;.
EPMH2
'AWa ov X6\a)v ye eKelvo^, w ^dpufv, ipav
avTOv ^aiverai, 09> ft)? opa^, KarayeXd rov
ILpoiaov Koi t^9 iMeyaXav^ia^i rov ffap^dpov, Kai
poc hoKelv epeaOai tl ^ovXerai avrov iiraKov-
(TCop,ev ovv.
20AnN
12 EtVe pbOL, 0) KpoZcre, oi'et yap ri Seiadat tcov
ifKivdwv TOVTCdV TOP UvOiov;
KPOI202
N^ Al'ov yap iariv avrw iv Ae\(f)ot<;
dvadrip^a ovhev tolovtov.
20AnN
Ov/covv pbaKupLov olei rov Oeov cnro<^av€lv} el
KTrjGaiTO avv toI<; dWoif; Kai irXivOovfi ')^pvaa<;;
KPOI205
IIa)9 yap ov;
SOAHN
JloWr)V poL \iy€i<;, o) J^potae, ireviav iv to)
ovpavcpy el etc AvSla^i p^eracrreWeaOai to 'X^pvaiov
herfaei avTov<;, i]V i7ri6vp,r)<Tcoai,
KPOI202
Uov yap TOcrovTOf; dv yivoiTO ')(^pvcro<; oao^ irap
r^pTtv;
20AnN
EtVe p>oi, aiSrjpof; Be (pverai iv Av8[a;
KP0I205
Oif irdvv Tt.
* a.iro<pavetv Dindorf : aTro<paiv(iv MSS.
420
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
CHARON
Menare terribly stupid, by what you say, since
they have such a passion for a yellow, heavy
substance.
HERMES
Well, at any rate Solon yonder does not seem to
love it, Charon, as you see, for he is laughing at
Croesus and his barbarian boastfulness, and to my
mind he wants to ask him a question. Let us listen,
then.
SOLON
Tell me, Croesus, do you really think that Apollo
has any need of these ingots ?
CROESUS
Good Heavens, yes He has nothing to match
!
CROESUS
Why not?
SOLON
They
are very poor in Heaven from what you say,
since they have to send and get gold from Lydia
if they want it,
CROESUS
Why, where can there be as
else much gold as
there is in our country ?
SOLON
Tell me, is iron produced in Lydia ?
CROESUS
Not to any great extent.
421
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
SOAHN
Tov ^eKriovo^ apa eVSeet? eVre.
KPOI205
IIco? afietvcov 6 aLSi]po<=: ^pvalov;
SOAHN
'
Hv aTTOKpivrj /jirjBev ayavaKTCov, p.d6oi<i av.
KPOI205
'E/ocora, w ^oXcov.
SOAHN
noTe/30t afieivov^, ol aco^ovre^; Ttva<; rj ol aco-
i^opL6VOL iTpo<^ avroiv;
KPOI202
Ot (T(jL>^ovTe<^ hi-jXahr^.
20AnN
A/0 ofi^, 771^ Ki)/3o?, 0)9 Xoyoirowvcri rive^;, eirirj
Avhoh, XP^^^'^ iJLaxai^pci'i crv ironjarj tw arparMy
*] aihrjpo<; avayKolo'^ Tore;
KPOI202
O ai8ripo<; BrjXov on.
SOAHN
Kafc et ye tovtov p,r) Trapaa-Kevdaaio, ol'xoiro av
(joi 6 ;^/9f 0-09 €9 Tlepaa'^ at;^yLtaX&)T09.
KPOI205
l^v(f)i]p,€i, avOpwire.
20AnN
M^ yevoLTO pev ravra' ^aivrj
ovrco 8' ovv
dpLCLVco TOV XP^^ov TOV aiZrjpov 6p.o\oyo}V»
KPO1202
OvKOVV KoX TW Serp cTcSrjpcii} 7r\ivOov<; KeXevei^;
avaTiOevai pie, tov Be ^pvabv OTriaw avOi<; dva-
KaXelv;
422
!
SOLON
If you will answer my questions without getting
angry, you will find out.
CROESUS
Ask them, Solon.
SOLON
Who the better man, the one
is who saves a life or
the one who is saved by him ?
CROESUS
The one who saves a life of course.
SOLON
Then ifCyrus attacks the Lydians, as rumour has
it that he will, shall you get swords of gold made
CROESUS
Iron, certainly.
SOLON
Yes, and if you should not provide iron, your gold
would go off to Persia in captivity.
CROESUS
Don't speak of such a thing, man
SOLON
I pray it may not turn out that way ; but you
clearly admit that iron is better than gold.
CROESUS
Then would you have me offer ingots of iron to
the god and call the gold back again ?
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
50AnN
OvBe (TtSi]pov eKelvo^ ye Berja-erai, a\X r}v re
')(aXKov 7]V T6 ')(^pvaov dva6fj<;, dWoi<; fiev ttotc
KTTjjMa /cat epjiaiov ear) avareOeiKoyf;, ^WKevcnv rj
Botft)Tot9 rj AeX^ot? avTOL<; ij rivi rvpdvvM rj
Xtjarfj, Tft) Be Ocm oXlyov [xeXeu twv acoi/ %/Of-
(TOTTOUCOV.
KPOI205
^Ael (TV fxov Tftj irXovTM irpocnToXepbel^; koI
(pOovel';.
EPMH2
13 Ov cfiipei 6 AvBo<;, o) ^dpcov, rrjv irapprjaiav
Kol TTjV dXrjOeiav tmv Xoycov, dXXd ^evov avTM
SoKel TO TTpdyfia, irevr]^; dvSp(oiro<; ov^ vtto-
TTTrjaacov, to Be irapidTdfievov eXevOepw^ Xeywv,
/jiefJLvyjaeTac S' ovv puKpov vaTepov tov ^oXcovo^,
oTav avTov Berj dXovTa eirl Trjv irvpav viro tov
K.vpov dva^Orjvar rjKovaa yap tt;? KXw^oO?
7rp(p7)v dvayLVcoaKOva7)<; to, €Kd(TT(p eirtKeKXa)-
(Tfieva, ev koI TUVTa eyeypairTO, K^poLcrov fiev
ol<;
CROESUS
You are always at war with my wealth and
begrudge me it.
HERMES
The Lydian cannot abide the outspokenness and
the truthfulness of his words, Charon ; it seems
strange to him when a poor man does not cringe but
says frankly whatever occurs to him. But he will
remember Solon before long, when he has to be cap-
tured and put on the pyre by Cyrus. The other day
I heard Clotho reading out the fate that had been
spun for everyone, and among other things it had
been recorded there that Croesus was to be captured
by Cyrus, and that Cyrus was to })e slain by yonder
woman of the Massagetae. Do you see her, the
Scythian woman riding the white horse ?
CHARON
Indeed I do.
HERMES
That is Tomyris and after she has cut off Cyrus'
;
426
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
Ethiopia he will at last go mad and die in consequence
of slaying Apis.
CHARON
How very funny ! But now who would dare to
look at them, so disdainful are they of the rest of
the world ? And who could believe that after a
little the one will be a prisoner and the other will
have his head in a sack of blood ? But who is that
man, Hermes, with the purple mantle about him, the
one with the crown, to whom the cook, who has just
cut open the fish, is giving the ring,
" All in a sea-girt island ; a king he would have us
believe him " ^ ?
HERMES
You are good at parody, Charon. The man whom
you see is Polycrates, the tyrant of Samos, who
considers himself wholly fortunate yet the servant ;
CHARON
Well done, Clotho, noble lady that you are !
427
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
15 Kal tovtcov cjBe e^ei.
TO, fiev rrjv Be irXrjdvv
6pa<;, 0) ^dpcov, tou? TrXeovra^ avrcjv, tov<; iroXe-
/jLOvvTa<;, Tov<; Bifca^ofievovf;, tov<; yecopyovvra^,
Tovf; Sav€L^ovra<;, tov<; irpocraLTovvra^;
XAPHN
'Opo) TTOiKtXrjv Tiva ri^v Siarpi^rjv Kal fxearov
rapa')(i]<s tov ^lov koX Ta<; TroXet? ye avrcov
eoLKvia^ rot? o-pbrjveaiv, iv ol<; aira^ fiev i'Biov n
Kevrpov €%€t Kol TOV TrXrjcnov Kevrel, oXiyoi Be
TLve<^ coairep (T(f)r)Ke<i ayovat Kal <j)epovaL to
viroBeeo-repov. 6 Be TrepiTrerofMevo^; avTov^ eV
Ta(f>avov<; ovto<; 6')(\o<; rlve^; elaiv;
EPMH2
'EX-TTtSe?, w Belpara Kal dyvoiat
^dpcov, Kal
Kal 7)Boval Kal ^Ckapyvpiai koX opyal Kal fiiar] Kal
ra Tocavra. tovtcov Be y dyvoia [xev KaTO) crvvava-
fie/jLLKTat avTOL^ Kal crv/jLTroXiTeveTaiy Kal vrj Ata
Kal TO yLtfccro9 Kal opyrj Kal ^rjXoTVTrta Kal dfiaOia
Kal diTopia Kal (piXapyvpia, 6 (^6l3o^ Be Kal at
eXTTiBe^ vTrepdvco ireTOfxevoL o fiev €/jL7ri7rT(ov €K-
irX'^TTei eviOTe Kal viroTTTrjo-o-eiv al 8*
iroiel,
eXTTtSe? virep Ke<^aXri<; alcopov/jLevai, oiroTav
/jLoXLaTa oiTjTat rt? eiTLXr)y\rea9ai avTcov, dvairTu-
fievac ot')(OVTaL Ke')(rjvoTa^ avTOv^ dTroXLTTovcrac,
OTrep Kal tov ^dvTaXov KdTco 7rda')(^ovTa 6pa<; vtto
IG TOV i/Saro?. rjv Be dTeviarj^, KaToyjreL Kal Ta<;
CHARON
I see that their activities are varied and their life
full of turmoil ;
yes, and their cities resemble hives,
in which everyone has a sting of his own and stings
his neighbour, while some few, like wasps, harry
and plunder the meaner sort. But what is that
crowd of shapes that flies about them unseen ?
HERMES
Hope, Fear, Ignorance, Pleasure, Covetousness,
Anger, Hatred and their like. Of these, Ignorance
mingles with them down below and shares their
common life, and so do Hatred, Anger, Jealousy,
Stupidity, Doubt, and Covetousness but Fear and ;
XApriN
JJayyeXoca ravra, cu Kpfjurj,
EPMH2
Jvat fMTjv ovo enreiv e)(^0L<; av Kara rr)v a^iav
OTTO)?earl KarayiXaara, m ^dpcov, Kal fidXiara
al dyav cnrovhal avrcov Kal ro fiera^v rwv eXirL-
ho)v oX')(eadai dvapirdcrrov^ yivop,evov<; viro rov
fieXriarov Savdrov. dyyeXot he Kal virrjperaL
avrov fidXa ttoXXol, ctx? opa<^, rjiriaXoi Kal rrvperol
Kal (f)66ai Kal TrepLirXevfiovLai Kal ^[cp')] Kal Xrj-
anjpca Kal Kcoveta Kal hiKaaral Kal rvpavror
Kal rovrcov ovhev oXw? avrov<^ elaep')(eTai, ear av
ev Trpdrrcoaiv, orav he acfyaXcoat, iroXv ro orrorol
* irfffflrai Mehler, K. Schwartz.
430
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
CHARON
I see that each man
has a very slender thread, and
it is entangled in most cases, this one with that and
HERMES
Indeed, you cannot find words to tell how ridi-
culous it is, Charon, especially their inordinate am-
bition and the way in which they disappear from
the scene in the midst of their hopes, carried off
by our good friend Death. His messengers and
servants are very many, as you see —
chills, fevers,
wasting sicknesses, inflammations of the lungs,
swords, pirate vessels, bowls of hemlock, judges, and
tyrants and no thought of any of these occurs to
;
431
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KoX aval Kal otfioi. ef a/)%^9 ivevoovv
el Be €vdv<;
433
VOL. II F F
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
\avaai avrcov, Ka\ov/jL6vov<; v(f)' o)v elirov rcov
ayyekcov re kov viTrjpeTOiv.
XAPHN
13 'OpM ravra irdvTa koI tt/jo? ifiavrov ye ivvoco
6 Ti TO rjSv avTOL<; irapa rov ^lov rj ri eKelvo iartv,
mentioned.
CHARON
I see all this, and am wondering what pleasure
they find in life and what it is that they are dis-
tressed to lose. For example, if one considers their
kings, who are counted most happy, quite apart from
the instability and uncertainty of their fortune
which you allude to, one will find that the pleasures
which they have are fewer than the pains, for terrors,
alarums, enmities, plots, rage, and flattery are with
them always. 1 say nothing of sorrows, diseases,
and misadventures, which of course dominate them
without partiality but when their lot is hard, one is
;
435
F F 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH5
OvSev ')(^elpov av rov 'Ofirjpov eXicaaa^^ w Xa-
ptdVy 09 (f)vWoL(; TO <yevo<i avrcov ofioiol.
XAPHN
20 Kat Toiovrot 6vt€<;, w
opa^ ola iroiovat
Kpfit],
fcal ft)9 cf)LXoTtjbLOvvTac 7rpo<s oXXtJXov; dp^cov irepc
Koi TtfiMV KOI KTrjaewv apbiSXoDfjLevoi, airep airavTa
KaTa\L7r6vTa<; avTOu^i Seijaet eva o^oXov €')(pvTa<i
rjKeiv irap r)fid<;. ^ov\ei ovv, eTTeLirep icj) vyjrrfkov
iafiev, dva/3o7](Ta<; 7ra/jL/jLeye06<; irapaiveao) avrolf}
dire'xeaOaL fjuev tmv fiaraicov irovcov, ^rjv Be del
TOP Odvarov irpo o^OaXfJLCdv e^ovraf;, Xeyfov, ***I1
fxaraiOLy tl eo-irovhaKaTe irepl ravra; iravaaaOe
fcd/j,vovTe<i' ov yap et? del ^ioocreaOe' ovBev roiu
evravOa dthiov iariv, ouS* dv diraydyoL
ae/jLvcou
Ti9 avro)v TL (Tvv avTM diroOavcoVj dXk dvdyKT)
Tov fJLev yvfxvov ol')(^eaOaiy rrfv OLKiav Be fcal rov
dypbv Kol TO ')(^pv(jiov del dWcov elvat fcal /xera-
^dWeiv Toi'9 ^e<77roTa9." el TUVTa koI ra TOiavTa
e^ eTTTjKOOV €/jL^07]aac/jLi avTOi^, ovk dv ocet fieydXa
tov /Slov^
a)<j)€Xr)67]pai koI <TCO(j)pove(7T€pov(; dv
yeveaOai irapd ttoXv;
EPMH2
21 'n fiaKapie, ovk olaOa ottox; avTOv<; rj dyvoia
fcal 7] diraTr) BiaTeOeiKacFLv, (h<; /i^3* dv Tpviravto
eTL BLavoi')(6rjvai avrol^; Ta cjTa, ToaovTO) Kr]pa>
e^vaav avTa, olov irep 6 ^OSv(raev<; toi'9 eTalpovf;
eSpaae Seec Tfj<; ^eiprjvayv dKpoda-ecD^;. iroOev ovv
dv e/ceivot Svvr]Oecev dKovaai, rjv /cat av KeKpay(o<;
Biappay^^; oirep yap irap vplv t) \.7]Qr\ BvvaTai,
* irphs rhv filov Naber.
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
HERMES
Charon, your simile is every bit as good as Homer's,
who compares the race of man to leaves.^
CHARON
And although they are like that, Hermes, you see
what they do and how ambitious they are, vying
with each other for offices, honours, and possessions,
all of which they must leave behind them and come
down to us with but a single obol. As we are in a
high place, would you like me to call out in a great
voice and urge them to desist from their vain labours
and live always with death before their eyes, saying :
naked, and that his house and his land and his
money go first to one and then to another, changing
their owners." If I should call to them out of a
commanding place and say all this and more, do you
not think that they would be greatly assisted in life
and made saner by far ?
HERMES
My dear fellow, you do not know how Ignorance
and Error have served them. Even a drill could not
penetrate their ears now, because these dames have
stopped them with such quantities of wax, like
Odysseus, who did this to his comrades for fear that
they might hear the Sirens. How could they hear,
then, even if you should crack your lungs with
bawling? What lies in the power of Lethe down
1 Iliad 6, 146.
437
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TovTo ivravOa rj dyvota ipyd^erai. ttXtjv dWa
elalv avTOiv oXiyot ov irapaSeSeyfievoL rov Krjpov
€9 ra WTO., TTyoo? Ttp d\rj6eiav d7TOK\ivovT€^, o^v
8eSop«:ore9 e? tcl Trpdyfiara koX KareyvcoKore^; old
iaTLV.
XAPHN
OvKOvv eKeivoi^ yovv e/jb/Sorjaco/jbev,
EFMH2
UepCTTov Kol TOVTO, Xeyeiv 7rpo<; avTov<; a
laacTiv. opa<; otto)? aTrocnrdaavTe^; tcov ttoWcov
KaTayeXcbac tmv yiyvojxkvaiv /cal ov8a/ji7} ov8a/jLco<;
dpeaKOVTat avTol^, dWd SijXoi elat Spaa/jLov r)hri
/3ovX€VOVT€<; Trap* v/jid^; diro tov (3iov. kol yap koI
fiLGovvTai eXey^oz^re? avTwv ra? dfjuaOiai;.
XAPHN
Eu ye, w yevvdhar ttXtjv irdvv oXtyot elaiv, a)
'EpfMTJ.
EPMH2
^l/cavol Koi ovTOL. dXXa KaTicofiev ijSrj,
XAPHN
22 Ez^ 6Ti eiToOovv, o) E^pfir], elhevai, Kai fiot ^ei^a^
avTO ivTeXr) earj ttjv Trepajyijatv ireTroir^fjievof;, Td<;
<f>vXd/ccd iaTLV.
438
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
below done by Ignorance here. However, there
is
are a few of them who have not admitted the wax
into their ears, who are devoted to truth, who look
keenly into things and know them for what they
are.
CHARON
Then let us call to them at least.
HERMES
It would be superfluous to tell them what they
know. You see how they stand aloof from the
masses and laugh at what goes on they are not in
;
CHARON
Well done, staunch souls But they are very few,
!
Hermes.
HERMES
Even these are enough. But let us go down now.
CHARON
There is one thing more that I wanted to know
about, Hermes, and when you point it out to me you
will have done your full duty as guide it is to see
;
439
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XAPflN
Tl ovv eKelvoi (Trec^avovai tov<; \i0ov<} koI
')(^piov(7i fjivpay; ol 8e koL irvpav vrjaavre^; irpo rcov
Kol ^oOpov Tiva opv^avre^ Kalovai re
')((t)ixdT(ov
EPMH2
OvK olha, 0) 7rop6/jL€V, tl ravra 7rpo<; tou? iv
'
AtSov ireTnarevKacn 8' ovv ra<; y]rv')(^a<; dvaTre/ju-
XAPnN
^Kfceivovt; en Trivetv rj eadieiv, cov ra Kpavia
^rjporara; Kanot yeXolo<; elfxi aol Xeycov ravra
oaTj/juepai Kardyovrt avrov<;. olaOa ovv el Bvvacvr*
dv en dveXOelv dira^ vTro')(doviOL yevofxevoi. eirel
roL KoX TrayyeXoia dv, m 'Epfjurj, e7raa')(pv, ovk
oXiya TTpdyfjbara e')((ov, el eSei fir} Kardyeiv fiovov
avrov<;, dXXd fcal av6i<; dvdyeiv mofjievov^. a)
440
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
CHARON
Why is then, that those people are putting
itj
that
" Death maketh mortals alike, be they buried or
lying unburied.
Equal is Irus the beggar in honour to King Aga-
memnon ;
441
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
7rdvTe<^ 8' €l(j\v ofiax; veKvcov d/nevrjva fcdprjva,
yvfivoi T€ ^rjpoi re tear da<j)oS€\ov XetfiMva.
EPMH2
23 ^UpaKXei^i, &>? irdXvv rov ^'Oixrjpov iiravrXel^;.
aXk eTTeiirep rov
dvefivqaa'^, eOeXco croi Sel^ao
Tov 'A;\^tXXe&)9 rdipov. opa<; rov eirl rfj OaXdrrrj;
^lyecov jjuev eKeWev ean to TpcolKov dvTiKpv
he 6 Ato.? TeOainaL iv rco 'Potrelco.
XAPHN
Ov fieydXoL, m ^p/jltj, ol rd^oi, Ta<; ir6\eL<; Be
ra? eVt(T?7/iou9 hel^ov [loi i]Sr), a<; xdrco ciKovofxev,
rr)v Nlvov ttjv XapSavaTrdWov real ^a^vXcova
fcal M.VK7]va<; koL KXewz^a? koX rrjv "IXiov avrrjv'
TToWov^ youv /le/jLvrjfiac hiairopO fjuevaa'^ eKeWev,
ct)? heKa oXcov ircov {jlt] vecoX/crjaac fjL7]8e hia^^v^ai
TO aKac^ihiOv,
EPMH5
'H Nti^o? fJLev, CO iropOfJLev, aTroXcoXev tjBtj koI
ovBe 'l')(yo<; en Xoiirov avTrj<;, ovS* av eliroL^; oirov
TTore rjv ^a/3vXoov Se aoi e/ceivr} iarlv rj
r\
442
CHAROiNT, OR THE INSPECTORS
Aye, they are all of them nothmg but
skeleton
relics of dead men.
Bare, dry bones that are scattered
about in the
asphodel meadow." i
HERMES
Heracles ! What a lot of Homer you are balino-
out!
Now you have put me in mind of him, I wan^t
to show you the tomb of Achilles.
Do you see it
there by the seaside ? Sigeum in Troy
is over there'
and opposite to it Ajax lies buried on Rhoeteum.
CHARON
The tombs are not large, Hermes. But now show
me the promment cities that we hear of down below
Nineveh, the city of Sardanapalus, Babylon,
Mycenae'
Cleonae, and Troy itself; I remember
that I set a
great many from that place across the ferry,
so that
for ten whole years I couldn't dock
my boat or dry-^
her out.
HERMES
As forNineveh, ferryman, it is already gone
and
there is not a trace of it left now you
couldn't even
;
443
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
So^orarov, Kal TroTafiol oXor ^\vd')(pv yovv ovSe
Td(l)0<i €Ti iv "Apyei KaraXeLTrerat.
XAPHN
TlaTTal TMV eiraivoiv, "Ofiype, Kal rcov ovofid-
Tcov, "iXto? Ipr) Kol evpvdyvLa koI evfCTL/ievac
24 KXewpaL dXXd /juera^v Xoycov, rtVe? ifceivoi elaiv
ol 7roXejjLOVVTe<; t) virep tlvo^ dXXi]Xov<; cfyovevou-
cnv;
EPMH2
Apyeiov<; opa^, m ^dpcov, kol Aa/c€8aL/jLoviov<;
^
XAPnN
'T7re/3 TLVo<; 8* avroif;, w l^pfirj, o ttoXg/xo?;
EPMH2
"Tirep TOV ireSiov avrov, iv m /xa^oi/rat.
XAPHN
*fl T?79 dvoia^, oi ye ovk Xaaaiv on, Kav oXi-jv
rr)v HeXoTTOVvrjaov 6KaaT0<; avrcov KTrjcrcovraiy
p,6yi^ tiv TTohialov Xd/3oi6P tottov irapa tov
AlaKov' TO he irehiov tovto dXXoTe dXXoL yeMpyrj-
(Tovat, 7roXXdKi<; iic ^d6p(ov to Tpoiraiov dvaaird-
aavT€<; tw dpoTpco.
EPMH5
OvT(o fxev TavTa ecTTar r]p,et<; Be KaTa/3dvT€<;
ijSr] Kal Kara ')(^u)pav evOeTTjcravre^^ avOi<; tcl oprj
diraXXaTTOo/jLeOa, €7cb p,ev Kad^ a eaTdXrjv, av he
HERMES
About the very plain inwhich they are fighting.
CHARON
What folly ! They do not know"
that even if any
one of them should
acquire the whole Peloponnese,
he could hardly get Aeacus to give him a foot of
space. And as for this plain, it will be tilled by one
race after another, and many a time they will turn
the trophy up out of the depths with the plough.
HERMES
True. But now let's get down and replace the
mountains, and then go our ways, I on my errand
* Three hundred Spartans fought an equal number of
Argives for the possession of Thyreatis. Two Argives and
a single dying Spartan survived the fight. The Argives
hastened home to report their victory but the Spartan
;
445
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eiTiTO 7TOpOfM6LOV 7]^CO Be (TOL /Coi UVTO^i /jL€T
oXijov vcKpoaroXcov.
XAPHN
Eu ye e7roLrjaa<;, co Kp/jurj' evepyerr]^ el<; ael
avayeypd^lrrj, ayvcifirjv yap tc Slcl ae tt}? aTroSr]-
IJbia<s.
— oid ian ra rcov Ka/coBac/jLOPoyv avdpcoTrcov
irpdy/jLara — pacnXel^y ifkivOoL 'X^pvaal, eTTcrvfjL-
^la} fid')(^aL' ^dp(ovo<; Be ovSet? A-0709.
^ iiTLTVjx^ia AUinsOD : kKarSfifiai MSS.
446
!
447
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
This is not a sale of philosophers, nor yet, in anj' ordinary
sense, a sale of lives ; it is a sale of various types of the
philosophic life, which are to serve their buyers as models
for the shaping of their own careers. For a convenient
rendering, perhaps "philosophies" will do as well as any
other single word.
Although Lucian makes it perfectly plain that he is not
selling specific philosophers, some, not all, the manuscripts
if
and all the editors ascribe the words of the different types to
definite individuals, whereb}' they not only introduce con-
fusion into the dialogue (working special havoc in the case of
the Academic or Platonist type), but they completely stultify
the plea which Lucian puts forward in his own defence in the
Fisherman, urging that he had not criticized the leading
lights of philosophy, but only the common herd of pretended
philosophers. This plea is rather specious, it must be
admitted, for Lucian vivifies his types again and again with
biographical traits but we should leave him a leg to stand
;
on, and not make him sell Pythagoras, Chrysippus and the
rest in their own persons. Therefore I have substituted the
names of schools for the names of individual philosophers
throughout, but only in the English version for in the
:
VOL. 11. 6 O
;
BiriN nvAtit
ZET2
1 Xif fiev SiariOcL ra ^adpa koX irapaaKeva^e rov
Toirov Tot? d(f)Lfcvov/jievoL<;, av Se arrjaov e^fj'^ nrapa-
yaycov toi'9 I3lov<;, aWa fcoa/jujaa^; Trporepov, a)<;
ZEUS
(To an ATTENDANT.) You arrange the benches and
make the place ready for the men that are coming.
(7o another attendant.) You bring on the philoso-
phies and put them in line but first groom them up,
;
ZEUS
This fellow with the long hair, the Ionian, for he
seems to be someone of distinction.
451
G G 2
THE WORKS OF I.UCIAN
EPMH2
OvTO? UvOayopiKO'i Kardfirjdi koI Trdpex^
o
aeavTov dvadecopeladac toZ? avveiXe^fxevoi^.
ZET2
l^rjpvTTe ^Tj.
EPMH5
ToV dpiO-TOV PIOV TOV ffeflVOTaTOV.
TT(o\0)y Tt?
EPMH2
^ApLO/ir)TtKrjv, dcTTpovopbiav, repaTciav, yetofie-
Tplavy /jL0vaiK7jVy j07jT€iav. ixdvTiv uKpov ^Xe7ret9.
ArOPA2TH2
'Efeo"Tti^ avTOV dvaKpiveiv;
EPMH2
^Avd/cpLV€ dyaOfj rvxv-
ArOPA2TH2
XIoSaTTo? el (7v;
nT0AroPA2
XdjuLw;.
ArOPA2TH5
rioO Se €'rraLS€vOrj<;;
nT0AroPA2
'E;^ AlyviTTOi irapd to?9 e/cet ao<po7<Tt,
452
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
HERMES
You Pythagorean, come forward and let yourself
be looked over by the company.
ZEUS
Hawk him now.
HERMES
The noblest of philosophies for sale, the most
distinguished who'll buy ? Who wants to be more
;
BUYER
For looks, he is not bad, but what does he know
best ?
HERMES
Arithmetic,astronomy, charlatanry, geometry,
music and quackery you see in him a first-class
;
soothsayer.
BUYER
May I question him ?
HERMES
Yes, and good luck to you !
BUYER
Where are you from ?
PYTHAGOREAN
From Samos.^
BUYER
Where were you educated ?
PYTHAGOREAN
In Egypt, with the sages there.
^ The birthplace of Pythagoras. Hence the " Pythagorean
philosophy " talks Ionic Greek,
453
;
nY0AroPA2
AiBd^o/xat /JL6V ovBev, dvaixvqaw Be.
ArOPA2TH2
Hoo? dvafjbvrjaei^;
nT0AroPA5
KaOaprjv irporepov rrjv yjrv^rjv epyaadp.evo'; Koi
TOP eV avrfj pvirov eKKKvaa^.
ArOPA2TH2
Kal Bi] vofiiaov ijBrf €KK€KaOdpOat pe, rt? 6
Tp6'7TO<; Trj<; dvapivijcreox;
nT0AroPA2
To pev TrpojTOV r](TV')(iri p,aKpr} fcai dcficovirj Kai
wevre 6\wv irewv Xakeeiv pbrjBep.
ArOPASTHS
"flpa (TOi, 0) ^€Xti(tt€, tov J^poLaov iralBa irai-
Beveiv iyoo yap XaXo9, ovk di'Bpid<; eivai ^ovKopai,
TL Be perd ttjv (JLwirrjv 6p,co<i koX ttjv irevraeTLav;
nT0AroPA2
^ovaovpylr) kol yewpLSTpirj evaaKfjaeat.
ArOPA2TH2
^dpi€v \eyei<;, el irpcorov /xe KiOapcpBov yevo-
pLevov Kara elvau ao<j)ov XPV-
nT0AroPA2
4 EZt' eVl TOVTeoKTLV dpiOpbiecv.
454
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
BUYER
Come now, if I buy you, what will you teach me ?
PYTHAGOREAN
I shall teach thee nothing, but make thee remem-
ber.^
BUYER
How will you make me remember ?
PYTHAGOREAN
First by making thy soul pure and purging off the
filth upon it.
BUYER
Well, imagine that my purification is complete,
what will be your method of making me remember ?
PYTHAGOREAN
In the first place, long silence and speechlessness,
and for five entire years no word of talk.
BUYER
My good man, you had better teach the son of
Croesus ^ I want to be talkative, not a graven
!
PYTHAGOREAN
Thou shalt be practised in music and geometry.
BUYER
That delightful
is ; I am to become a fiddler before
being wise I
PYTHAGOREAN
Then, in addition to this, in counting.
^ Before entering upon
its round of transmigrations, the
soulwas all-wise learning is merely remembering. Socrates
;
455
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ArOPA2TH5
OlSa KoX VVV apiO/jL€LV.
nT0AropA5
lift)? apiO fleets;
ArOPA2TH2
"Ez/, hvoy Tpua, T€TTapa.
nT0AroPA2
'Opa?; a crv hoKeeu^ riacrapa, ravra SeKa iorl
Kal rplycovov eVreXe? koI ri/jbirepov opKiov.
ArOPA2TH2
O^ TOV pL&^jlGTOV TOiVVV OpKOV TCL T6TTapa,
jia
ovTTore 6ei,OTepov<; X070U9 rjKovaa ovhe fidXXov
iepov<;,
nT0AroPA2
Mera he, c5 ^elve, etcreai yrj^; re Trepc Kal r]epo<^
ArOPA5TH5
op(p7]V yap e%€t ro irvp rj arjp rj vdcop;
nT0AroPA2
Kal fiaXa i/jLCJyavea' ov yap old re
(i/jLop(f)ir) Kal
456
—
BUYER
One, two, three, four
PYTHAGOREAN
Lo what thou thinkest four is ten. and a perfect
!
PYTHAGOREAN
Yea, very notably, for without shape and form
there can be no motion. And in addition thou
shalt learn that God is number and mind and
harmony.
BUYER
What you say is wonderful.
PYTHAGOREAN
And beside all that I have said, thou shalt learn
^ Four is ten, because it contains three, two and one, and 1
2 3 4 :=: 10. The perfect triangle is
457
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eva BoKeovTU aWov opeofievov /cal aWov eovra
elcreai.
ArOPA2TH2
Tt </)^?; dWo<; el/uii Kal ou^ outo? oairep vvv
irpo^ are SLaXeyofiai;
nT0AroPA2
Nw fiev 0UT09, TrdXac Be ev oXXm crcvfjuarL Kal iv
dW(p ovvofiari ecpavrd^eo' ^povo) Be avri^; €9
dWov p^era^rjcreaL.
ArOPA2TH2
TovTO ^^9, dOdvarov eaeaOai /xe aWarro/jievov
6 €9 p.op(j)d<; irXelova^; aXka rdBe p.ev Ifcavcof;. rd 8'
nT0AroPA5
^Fj fjLyjrv^^iJLov p^ev ovBe ev acreopac, Ta Be dWa
Trkrjv Kvdp,(ov,
ArOPA5TH2
TtVo9 eve/ca; r) p^vadTrrj toi'9 Kvdpiov^;
nY0AroPA2
OifK, dWd Ipol elcTi Kal Ocovp^aarr) avrewv 17
458
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
that thou, who thinkest thyself a single individual,
art one person in semblance and another in reality.
BUYER
What's that ? I am another and not this man
who now talks to you !
PYTHAGOREAN
Now
thou art he, but erstwhile thou didst mani-
fest thyself in another body and under another name,
and in time thou shalt again migrate into another
person.
BUYER
You mean that I shall be immortal, changing into
many forms ? But enough of this. How do you
stand in the matter of diet ?
PYTHAGOREAN
I eat nothing at all that hath life, but all else save
beans.
BUYER
Why so ? Do you dislike beans ?
PYTHAGOREAN
Nay, but they are holy, and wonderful is their
nature. First, they are nought but seed of man, and
if thou open a bean while it is still green, thou wilt
see that it resembleth in structure the member of a
man and again, if thou cook it and set it in the
;
459
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ArOPA2TH2
Ka\ft)9 Trdvra ecprjf; koI lepoirpeTT (*)<;. aWa airo-
SvOi, KoX yv/jLvbv yap ere IBelv PovKojiat. m 'Hpa-
k\€i<;, '^pvcrov^ avrw 6 fxr^po^; icTTC. ^€09, ov fipor6<;
Tt9 etvai (paiverai' (oare mv^aofiat, Trdvrco^; avrov.
iroaov TOVTOV dTroKrjpvrrec^;;
EPMH2
ArOPA5TH2
"E^ft) ToaovTov \aj3(i)v.
EPMH2
'lT<xXfca)T7;9, (o ZeO, SoKec tmv dficfyl
ri'^ eivai
K^poTfova KoX Tdpavra koX ttjv ravry 'KXXdBa'
KalroL oif^ €19, dWd TpiaKocTLOi a^eBbv icovrjvTai,
fcara koivov avrov.
ZET5
^ Kirayerwaav dWov irapdywixev.
EPMH2
BouXe^ TOV av')(^iJLO)vra eKelvov, rov Hovtikov;
ZET5
Udvv fiev ovv.
EPMH2
05x09 o TTjv TTrjpav i^ypTTjfiivo';, 6 i^(Ofxia<;, iXOe
460
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
BUYER
You have explained everything duly and sacerdo-
tally. Come, strip, for I want to see you unclothed.
Heracles His thigh is of gold
! He seems to be a
!
shares.^
ZEUS
Let them take him away ; let us bring on another.
HERMES
Do you want the dirty one over yonder, from the
2
Black Sea }
ZEUS
By all means.
HERMES
You there with the wallet slung about you, you
* A reference to
the brotherhood founded by Pythagoras in
Magna Grecia, which wielded great political power until it
was extirpated in a general revolt about fifty years after the
death of Pythagoras.
^
Diogenes, chief of the Cynics, came from Sinope.
461
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Kol irepUOi ev kvkKw to avveBpLov. ^iov avSptKov
TTCoXco, jBlov apicTTOV KoX '^evviKov, ^iov eKevOepov
Ti^ oavrjaeTai;
ArOPA2TH2
'O KTJpv^ TTw? €(j)7](;av; TTcoXet? top iXevOepov;
EPMH2
"£70)76.
ArOPA2TH2
Elr* ov SeSta9 P'T] aoi Bi/cda7)TaL av^pairo^LO' fiov
rj Koi irpoKaXearjTai ae el<; Apecov irdyov;
'
EPMH2
Ovhev avTO) pLeKei T779 Trpdaecof;' olerac yap elvai
iravTOLTTaaLV e\ev6epo<^.
ArOPA5TH2
Tt K dv Tt9 avT(p ')(^prj(7aLT0 pvircoPTi koX ovtco
fcaKoSai/jLova)^; SiaK€L/i€vq); ttXtjv el firj aKairavea
ye Koi vhpo<ji6pov avrov diroheiKTeov.
EPMH2
Ov dX'kd /cat r)v Ovpcopov avrov eiTL'
fJLovov,
(TTr]ar](;, ttoXv ircaroTepq) XPV^V '^^^ kvvcjv.
afxeXei Kva>v avro) koX to ovofxa.
ArOPA2TH2
IIoSaTro? he ecTTLv rj Tuva tt^v daK7)aiv eiray-
yiWerai;
EPMH2
AvTov epov' KaWiov yap ovtoo Troielv.
ArOPA2TH2
AeSta TO aKvdpoDTTov avTOv fcal KaT7]^e<;, p.i]
fie vKaKTrjarj 7rpoae\66vTa 7) Kal vrj A [a huKr] ye.
ou^ opa^ 0)9 hirjpTaL to ^vXov Kal avveairaKe Ta9
462
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
with the sleeveless shirt, come and walk about the
room. I offer for sale a manly philosophy, a noble
philosophy, a free philosophy who'll buy ? ;
BUYER
Crier, what's that you say ? Are you selling
someone who is free ?
HERMES
That I am.
BUYER
Then you afraid he may have the law on
aren't
you for kidnapping or even summon you to the
Areopagus ?
HERMES
He doesn't mind being sold, for he thinks that
he is free anyhow.
BUYER
What use could a man make of him, filthy as he is,
and in such a wretched condition ? However, he
might be made a shoveller or a drawer of water.
HERMES
Not only that, but ifyou make him doorkeeper,
you will find him far more trusty than a dog. In
fact, he is even called a dog.^
BUYER
Where is he from, and what creed does he profess ?
HERMES
Ask the man himself ; it is better to do so.
BUYER
1 am hang-dog look he may
afraid of his sullen, ;
463
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
o(/)/9i;9 fcal aTreCkrjTiKOv tl koI %oX.a>S69 viro-
EPMH2
M^ BiScOr TiOaao<; yap eVrt.
ArOPA2TH2
8 To irpcjTOV, 0} ^eXTca-T€y TroSaTro? el;
AI0rENH2
TlavToSa7ro<;.
ArOPA2TH5
IIw? Xiyeif;;
AIOrENHS
ToO KOa/lOV TToXiTTjV opa<i.
ArOPA2TH5
Zr;Xot9 Se 8^ Tiva;
AI0rENH2
Toz^ 'H/oa/cXea.
ArOPA2TH5
Tt ow o^xt /cat XeovTTjv afxirexoi '^^ 1^^^ 7<^P
^vXov eoc/ca^i avTa>.
AIOrENHS
TouT^ ftoi XeovTrj, to rpi^coviov. crrpaTevoixaL
he wairep eKelvo<; eirl ra? rjSovd^, ov KeXevaro^,
aXkh €fcovaLO<;, eK/caOdpai rov filov Trpoaipovfievo^;.
ArOPA2TH5
Ei; ye tt?? TrpoaLpea-eco^;. aWa tl jiaXiaTa eu-
hevai (re (pojfiev; tj TLva ttjv rexvqv ex^i<i;
AIOrENHS
'EXeu^epwT??? elpa rcov avOp^Trcov kol larpcx;
TOiv iradoiv to Be o\ov uXr^Oeia^ koI 7rapp7]aLa<i
irpo^ijTt]^ elvai /SovXojJLai.
464
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
and his brows bent, and scowls in a
threatening
^'
angry way ?
HERMES
.
Don't be afraid ; he is ffentle.
BUYER
First of all, my friend, where are you from ?
CYNIC
Everywhere.
BUYER
What do you mean ?
CYNIC
You see in me a citizen of the world.
BUYER
Whom do you take for your pattern }
CYNIC
Heracles.
BUYER
Then why don't you wear a lion's skin ? For as
to the cudgel, you are like
him in that.
This
short cloak is my
lion-skin; and I am a
soldier like him, fighting
against pleasures, no con-
script but a volunteer,
purposing to make life clean.
BUYER
A fine purpose But what do you know
what
!
best,' and
is your business ?
CYNIC
I am a liberator of men and a
physician to their
Ills; m short I desire to be an
interpreter of truth
and free speech.
VOL. II.
465
H H
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ArOPA2TH2
9 EiV ye, (o 7rpo(f>rJTa' rju Be 7rpia)/jiai ae, Tiva fie
TOP TpOTTOV 8iaa/c^aec<;;
AI0rENH5
Tlpa)Tov fxev irapaXa^cov ae kol airohvaa'^ rrjv
ArOPA2TH2
IIa)9 Tovro <f)r]<; to p^tj dXyelv fiaaTLyovpbevov; ov
yap ')(^eX(ovr)<; rj Kapd^ov to Bep/j,a Trepi^e^Xij/xai.
AI0rENH2
To ^vpiiriBeiov eKelvo ^r]Xd)aeL<i jxiKpov ev-
aXXd^a^.
ArOPA2TH5
To TTolov;
400
;
CYNIC
First, after taking you in charge, stripping you of
vour luxury and shackling you to want, I will put a
short cloak on you. Next I will compel you to
undergo pains and hardships, sleeping on the ground,
drinking nothing but water and filling yourself with
any food that comes your way. As for your money,
in case you have any, if you follow my advice you
will throw it into the sea forthwith. You will take
no thought for marriage or children or native land :
BUYER
What do you mean by not feeling pain when I am
flogged } I am not enclosed in the carapace of a
turtle or a crab !
CYNIC
You will put in practice the saying of Euripides,
slightly revised.
BUYER
What saying ?
* As did Diogenes ; for his " tub " was really a jar.
.67
H H 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
AI0rENH5
H (f)p7]v (Toi aXyrjaei, rj Be yXaxraa avak-
ecTrai
10 y7jT0<;. a Se /jLaXtara Set Trpoaelvai, ravrd iarcv
ura/LLov ')(prj euai teal Opacrvv koI XoihopelcrOai
iraaiv k^rjq kol ^acrtXevat koX lBia)Tat<;' ovro) yap
airo^Xe'^ovTai ae kol avBpetov vTroX'^yfrovrac.
l3dp^apo(; Se rj (pcovrj earco /cat aTTT^^e? to (j)6eyiuLa
ArOPA2TH2
1 1 ^'Airaye' fxiapd ydp KaX ovk dvOpcoTTLva Xey€i<;.
AI0rENH5
*AX\a paard ye, w ovro<;, koI irdcriv ev-^eprf
(lereXOelv ov ydp <jol Serjcrei TTaiSeia^ koX Xoycov
fcal Xrjpcdv, aXX' €7riTO/JLO<; avrr} croc 7rpb<; So^av 7)
468
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
CYNIC
Your mind but your tongue will not.^
^^ill suffer,
CYNIC
But at all events it is easy, man, and no trouble
for all to follow ; for you will not need education and
doctrine and drivel, but this road is a short cut to
fame. Even if you are an unlettered man, a tanner —
* IlippoL 612
^ 7Aw<ro"' ofiu/iox', V 5e (pp^v ayw/ioros. (My
:
469
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
'y^oTTcoXrjf; rj refcrcov i) Tpa7r6^iT7]<s, ovdev ae KdiXvaei
Oavfiaarou eivat, rjv /jlovov rj dvalSeia koI to
9pd(T0<i TTaprj Koi \oihopel<j6ai KoXoof; €K/JLd6rj<;.
ArOPA2TH2
IIpo9 ravra puev ov Seojuai aov. vavT7j<; B dv
I'aco^ rj K7)7rovpb<; iv Kaipfp yepow, /cal ravra,
rjv eOeXy ae dirohoaOai ovroal ro fjieyiorrov hv
EPMH2
"E%e \a^(iiv' Kal yap dafievot aTraWa^o/jLeOa
evo')(\ovvro<; avrov Kal ^oo3vro<^ Kal airavra^
drra^arrXcx)^ v^pLl^ovro'^ Kal dyopevovros KaKO)^,
ZET2
12 "AXKov koXgl rov l^vpyvalovy rov iv rfj irop-
(f)upLSL, rov €ar€(j)av(op.evov.
EPMH2
"A76
S?7, rrpoae'xe Trd^- TroXureXe? to X/07}/xa
Kal 7r\ovalo)V 8e6/JL€Vov. /3io<; ovro<; iiStarof;, ^to?
EPMH2
M^
evoxXei avrov, fieXriare, firjBe dvaKpive*
o)
470
—
BUYER
Ido not want you for any such purpose, but you
might do at a pinch for a boatman or a gardener, and
only then if my friend here is willing to sell you for
two obols at the outside.
HERMES
He's yours take him. We shall be glad to get
:
HERMES
Come now, attend, everyone Here we have
!
BUYER
Come here and tell me what you know ; I will buy
you if you are of any use.
HERMES
Don't bother him, please, sir, and don't question
him, for he is drunk, and so can't answer you
because his tongue falters, as you observe.
^ The Cyrenaic school, which made
pleasure the highest
good, was founded by Aristippus, who furnished a detail or
two to this caricature.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ArOPA2TH2
Kal TK av 6v (fipovwv irpiaLTo hLec^Oapfxevov
OVTO) Kol aKoXaarov avSpdiroSov; oaov Be koI
airoTTvel fxvpcov, &)? Se kol crc^aXepov ^aSi^et koI
7rapci(j)opop. aWa kclv av 'ye, (o '^pfirj, Xeye
oiroca TTpoaeaTLV uvtm koI a pueTLcov Tvy^dvei.
EPMH2
To fjiev oXov, avfijSicovat Sefto? Kal avfiTrcelv
ifcavo^ Kal Kco/jLaaai, /xerd avXrjTplSo^ eTTLrrjheio^
epcovTL KOL dcrcoTW heaiTOTr]' rd dWa Be ttc/jl-
EPMH2
"KirpaTo^i eoLKev rjfuv ovto^;, m Zev, fieveiv.
ZET2
13 l!A.erdcrTr)aov' dWov
rrapdye' fiaXkov Be rco
Bvo TOVTCD, Tov jeXcovTa Tov ^A^BrjpoOeu Kal rov
KXdovra rov ef ^E(f)eaov' d[xa ydp avro) Treirpd-
aOai ^ovXo/jLac.
472
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
BUYER
Who
that is in his senses would buy so corrupt and
lawless a slave ? How he reeks of myrrh^ and how
he staggers and reels in his gait But you yourself,
!
the one from Abdera who laughs and the one from
Ephesus who cries, for I want to sell them together.^
^ The Schools of Democritus of Abdera, the propounder of
the atomic theory, and of Heraclitus of Ephesu.s, who
originated the doctrine of the flux he held that fire is the
;
473
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
Kara^TjTOV e? to fjueaov. tq) apiarco ^Ico ttcoXcj,
Tft) cro(f)0)TdTco irdvTcov dTroKTjpvTTOfiev.
ArOPA2TH2
'II ZeO rfji; evavTCOTr}TO<;. o fxev ov hioKenrei
'ye\o)V, 6 he riva eoLKe irevOelv haKpvet ^ovv to
TTapdirav. ri raura, o) ovro^; tl 76X^9;
AHMOKPIT02
'E/Jcorav; on fxoi yeXoia Trdvra SoKeei rd Trp-^y-
ArOPA2TH5
na)9 \ey€t<;; /caTay€Xa<; rj/xwv dirdviayv koX irap
ovhev TiOeaaL ra rj/jberepa Trpdy/Mara;
AHMOKPIT02
^D-Se €-)(eL' c/TrovSatov yap iv avreoicriv ovBev,
tceved Be Trdvra Kai dro/jLcov (jioprj /cal dTreipir}.
ArOPA2TH2
Ou piev ovv, dWa av Kevo<; 0)9 a\.r)Oo)<^ koI
14 d'7T€ipo<;. w T779 v^peco<;, ov iravaj] ye\6)v; crv Be
474
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
HERMES
Come down among us, you two. I sell the two
best philosophies we ; offer the two that are sagest
of all.
BUYER
Zeus ! What
a contrast One of them never stops
!
DEMOCRITEAN
Even so ; for there is nothing serious in them, but
everything is a hollow mockery, drift of atoms,
infinitude.
BUYER
No
indeed, but you yourself are a hollow mockery
in very truth and an infinite ass. Oh, what effron-
tery !Will you never stop laughing ? {To the other.)
But you, why do you cry For I think it is much
.?
475
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Ta9 tov 6\ov av/jLcfiopijv rav-
iK7rvpa)cria<; fcal ttjv
ra ohvpofiai Koi on e/j.jreSov ovSev, 6k(o<; e<; aW
Kv/cecbva ra irdvra avveiXeovTac kul ian tcouto
Tep'\jn<; arep'^LT}, yvMcn^ ayvwcriri, fieya fxiKpov,
avo) KCLTw TTepLycopeovra koI a/xeilSo/xeva iv ttj
TOV alcove^ TTatScrj.
ArOPA2TH2
It yap aicov ecrrc;
HPAKAEIT02
ITat9 TraL^cov, Treacrevcov, Siacpepo/ievof;, av/icfiepu-
fievo<;.
ArOPA2TH2
T/ Be dv6pco7roi;
HPAKAEIT02
(8)eol Ovqroi.
ArOPA2TH5
Tt he Oeoi;
HPAKAEIT02
'
AvOpcoTTOt aOdvaTOi.
ArOPA5TH2
Atviy/JLara \ey€C<;, w ol'to9, rj ypi(f)OV<; avvTi67]<;;
are^yw? yap wajrep 6 Ao^ia^ ovSev dTToaacjiel^,
HPAKAEIT02
OvBev yap fJLOL fieXei, v/jiecov.
ArOPA2TH2
Tocyapovv ovSe wyrjaerai cre tl^; ev (^povwv.
HPAKAEIT02
*E7ft) he KeKofxaL iraaiv rj^rjSbv olfico^eiv, Tolariv
oDveopievoiai /cat jolcriv ovk aoveo/xevoiai.
476
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
and the collapse of the universe. It is for this that
I grieve, and because nothing is fixed, but all things
BUYER
And what is Eternity ?
HERACLITEAN
A child playing a game, moving counters, in dis-
cord, in concord.
BUYER
What are men ?
HERACLITEAN
Mortal gods.
BUYER
And the Gods ?
HERACLITEAN
Immortal men.
BUYER
Are you telling riddles, man, or making conun-
drums? You are just like Apollo, for you say
nothing plainly.^
HERACLITEAN
Because you matter naught to me.
BUYER
Then nobody in his sense will buy you.
HERACLITEAN
I bid ye go weep, one and all, buy you or buy you
not.
^ Heraclitus was nicknamed 6 ^kotcivSs, "the Obscure."
477
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ArOPA2TH2
TovtI to KaKov ov TTOppo) ixe\a'y')(oXia^ iariv
ovSerepov Be 6/jlo)<; avrcov eyayye odvr^aofJLaL*
EPMH5
"KirparoL koX outoi fievovaiv,
ZET5
"AWov aiTOKrjpVTTe.
EPMH2
15 BouXet Tov AOrjvalov ^ i/cecvov, tov gtcoimvXov;
ZET5
Tldvv fxev ovv.
EPMH5
Aeupo iXde crv. ^lov ayaOov kol avverov airo-
fcr^pvTTOjxev. Tt9 wvelraL tov tepcoTUTOv;
ArOPA2TH2
EZttc /jlol, Tt fxaXiaTa elSo)^ Tvy^dvet^;;
SriKPATHS
TlaiBepaaTT]^; elfjui kol cro<^o? to, ipcoTi/cd,
ArOPA5TH2
IToj? ovv iyci) irpLco/jLai ere; iracBayayyov yap
eheop/ifv TW wacSl koKQ) ovtl (xol.
SHKPATHS
Tt9 3' o-v eVtTTySetoTe/oo? ifiov yevoiTo avvelvai
Ka\(p; fcac yap ov tmv aco/jLciTcov ipaaTrj^i elfit, Tyv
'^v')(^r]v Se rjyov/jiai fcaXrjv. djjLeXei, kuv vtto tuvtop
J78
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
BUYER
This fellow's trouble is not far removed from
insanity. However, I for my part will not buy
either of them.
HERMES
They are left unsold also.
ZEUS
Put up another.
HERMES
Do you want the Athenian over there, who has so
much to say ? ^
ZEUS
By all means.
HERMES
Come here, sir. We
are putting up a righteous
and intelligent philosophy. Who'll buy the height
of sanctity ?
BUYER
Tell me what you know best ?
ACADEMIC
I am a lover, and wise in matters of love.
BUYER
How am I to. buy you, then ? Wliat I wanted was
a tutor for my son, who is handsome.
ACADEMIC
But who would be more suitable than I to associate
with a handsome lad ? It is not the body I love,
it
is the soul that I hold beautiful. As a matter of
1 Both Socrates and Plato contribute
to the picture of the
typical Academic. Consequently some editors, misled by
the manuscripts (see introductory note) ascribe
the part of
Academic to Socrates, some to Plato, and some divide
it
between the two,
d79
7
ArOPA2TH2
"ATTiara Xej€L<;, to TraiBepaarrjv ovra fir] Trepa
7779 "^vx^^ TToXvirpay/jLoveiu, Kal ravra eir i^ov-
(Tta?, VTTO TO) avTO) t/xartft) /caTaKeifiepov.
2nKPATH2
16 Kat /jir)v ofivvco ye aoi top Kvva Ka\ Tr)V TrXa-
ravov ovTCJ ravra e^j^iv,
ArOPA2TH5
'H/3a/t\et9 rrjt; aroiria^; ro)v Oecov*
2nKPATK5
Tt aif Xey€L<;; ov 8ok€l aoi 6 kvcov elvau deo^;;
ArOPA2TH2
'^Eiv i/SovXofjLTjv d/covaac rcov Boyp,drcov,
SHKPATHS
""Axove Bi] TO /jLeycarov, b rrepl raw yvvaiKuiv fxoi
4<5o
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
fact, even if they lie beneath
the same cloak with
me, they will tell you that I have
done them no
wrong. 1
BUYER
can t beheve what you say, that you,
I
though a
lover, take no interest in anything
beyond the soul
even when you have the opportunity,
'lying beneatli
the same cloak. ^ ^ »
ACADEMIC
But I swear to you by the dog and the
plane-tree
that this IS so.
BUYER
Heracles ! What curious gods !
ACADEMIC
t]^^tyousay.>
Don't you think the doc
•
^^^^*f Don't
IS a god ? you know about Anubis in Eavor
how great he is, and about Sirius in
the sky and
Cerberus m
the world below ?
BUYER
Quite right I was entirely mistaken.
;
But what
is your manner of life ?
ACADEMIC
dwell in a city that I created for
I
myself, usino-
an imported constitution and enacting
my own. 2 ° statutes of
BUYER
I should like to hear one of your
enactments.
ACADEMIC
Let me tell you the most important one, the
view
Plato's Symposium, particularly
I n^T 216 d-'>19 d
Ibe allusion is to Plato's Republic.
481
II
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
BoK€t' fjLTjBefiiav avTMv fxrjhevo'^ euvai jjlovov, nravTi
he fM€T6LvaL TO) ^ovKofJievw rod ya/xov.
ArOPA2TH2
TovTO <^r}<;, avrjprjadai tou? irepl fioL^eCa^ v6-
2nKPATH5
N^ Aia, KoX airXS)'^ ye iraaav rrjv irepl ra
Toiavra jxiKpoXoylav.
ArOPA2TH2
Tt he irepX tmv ev copa TraiScov <tol hoKel;
2nKPATH2
Kctt ovTOL eaovTUL TOt? apL(TTOi<i a6\ov (f>t\r]aaL
\a/jL7rp6v Tt fcal veavLKOv epyaaafMevoi,<i.
ArOPA2TH2
Ba/3at Tfj<; ^t\oBcopta<;. tt}? he aocfjla^ ri aoL to 18
Ke(^aXaLov;
2nKPATH2
At IheaL Kol ra roov ovtcov irapaheiyfJLara' oirocra
yap hrj 6pa<^, rrjv yrjv, ra eirl yy]<;, rov ovpavou,
Tr}v OaXarrap, aTravrcov tovtcov ecKove^; a(jyavel<;
earaaiv e^co tm]> okcov.
ArOPA2TH2
Yiov he ecrrdaiv;
2nKPATH2
Ovha/JLOV' el yap irov elev, ovk av elev,
ArOPA2TH2
OifX opco ravO* airep Xeyei^i ra Trapahec'y/jLara,
482
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
that I hold about wives it is that none of them shall
;
ACADEMIC
Yes, and in a word, all this pettiness about such
matters.
BUYER
What is your attitude as to pretty boys ?
ACADEMIC
Their kisses shall be a guerdon for the bravest
after they have done some splendid, reckless deed.
BUYER
My word, what generosity And what is the gist
!
of your wisdom ?
ACADEMIC
My " ideas " I mean the patterns of existing
;
earth, with all that is upon it, the sky, the sea,
invisible images exist outside the universe.
BUYER
Where do they exist ?
ACADEMIC
Nowhere ; for if they were anywhere, they would
not be.^
BUYER
I do not see these patterns that you speak of.
483
1 I 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
2nKPATH2
FjIkotox;' Tf^Xo? yap el Trj<; rov 6(f)6a\-
'^v'^Pff;
ArOPA2TH2
ToLjapovv coj'T/reo? el aocpo^; koI o^vBeoKi]^ ri?
lov. (pipe tSo) TL Koi 7rpu^€t<; fie virep avrov av;
EPMH2
Ao9 hvo ToKavra.
ArOPA2TH2
^nv}]adjuLr]p oaov <^7;9. idpyvpiov fxevTOi et? av9t<;
fcara^aXco.
EPMHS
19 Tt aoL Tovvofxa;
ArOPA2TH2
Alcov ^vpaKovcTLOf;.
EPMH2
"A7€ \a/3cov dyaOf] rv^y. rov ^^iriKovpeiov ae
Yjhrj KoXu). Tt9 oyvrjaerai tovtov; earc fiev rov yekojp-
TO? eKCivov fia6r]Tr](i koI rov fiedvovTOf;, ov<; /jLiKpy
ArOPA2TH2
try/ f /
lt9 r/ tl/jLT);
EPMH5
Avo pval.
484
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
ACADEMIC
Of
course not^ for the eye of your soul is blind :
—
but I see images of everything^ an invisible ^^you,"
another "me/' and in a word^ two of everything.
BUYER
Then must buy you for your wisdom and your
I
sharp sight. {To hermes.) Come^ let's see what price
you will make me for hira ?
HERMES
Give me two talents.
BUYER
He is sold to me at the price you mention. But
1 will pay the money later on.
HERMES
What is your name ?
BUYER
Dion of Syracuse. 1
HERMES
Heyours take him^ with good luck to you.
is ;
HERMES
Two niinas.
^ Chosenfor mention, because lie was Plato's pupil.
- The Epicureans took over the atomic theory from
Democritus and the idea that pleasure is the highest good
from the Cyrenaics
485
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ArOPA2TH5
Adfi^ave' TO Becva Be, oirco^; elBco, ria-t, ')(^aip€i
TMV iBicTfiaTiov;
EPMH2
To. yXvKea airetrat /cal to, /jLcXcTcoBr] /cal jjud-
ArOPA2TH2
XaXeTToi' ovhev (hprjcro/neOa yap avTO) iraXdOa^
TMV l^apiKMV,
ZET2
20 "AXXoz^ KaXei; top iv XP^P K^ovpiav i/cetvoVt top
aKvOpwTTOV, top diro Trj<; aTod<;,
EPMH2
Ev Xeyet^' eoiKaai yap ttoXv Tt ttXtiOo^ avrop
Trepi/xepetp tmp iirl tijp dyopap dirrjvTrjfcoTWP. av-
T7]P TrjP dpCTTjP TTCoXm, TOiP fBlCOP TOP TcXecoTaTov,
t/9 diraPTa fjbopo^ elhepau deXei;
ArOPA2TH5
IIco? TOUTO (/)>;?;
EPMHS
^'Oti fJLOPoq ouTO? (T0(f)6^, /ji6po<; KaXo^, /jl6po<;
ArOPA2TH5
Ovtcovv fcal fxdyeipo^; /jiopo<;, Kal pyj Ala ye
f7KVTohe'^7)<i Tj TefCTcop Kal TO, TOiavra;
486
: !
figs.
BUYER
No trouble about that ; we shall buy him cakes of
pressed figs from Caria.
ZEUS
Call another, theone over there with the cropped
head, the dismal fellow from the Porch.
HERMES
Quite right at all events it looks as if the men
;
HERMES
That he is the only wise man, the only handsome
man, the only just man, brave man, king, orator,
rich man, lawgiver, and everything else that
there is.^
BUYER
Then he is the only cook,
tanner or carpenter, and so forth
—yes?
and the only
487
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH5
"EoLfcev,
ArOPA2TH2
21 'EX^e, ayyaOe, koI Xeye tt/^o? top ayvrjTrjv
ifie TTOio? T£9 el, koI irpoiTOv el ov/c d^Orj iriTrpa-
(TK6fi€V0<; fcal 8oi}Xo9 wv.
xPT2inno2
Ov^a/j.ct)<;' ov yap icj) 7]/jLlv ravrd ecniv, a he
ovK €(f)
rjfjicv, aScd(popa elvai avfi/Se^rjKev.
ArOPA5TH5
Ov fiavOdvco fj
KoX \ey€t(;.
xPT2inno2
Tt (j>tj'i; ov jxavOdvei^ on twv tolovtcov ret ^ev
icTTL 7rpo7)y/jL€va, ra 3' avdiraXiv diroTrporjyixeva;
ArOPA2TH2
Ovhe vvv jjbavOdvw.
xPTSmnos
Et/coTO)?' ov yap el avvrjOr]^ toI<; r}fjLerepoi<; ovo-
fiaaiv ovBe rrjv KaraXyTTTLKTjv (pavraalav e^et^, 6
Be cnrovhalo'^ 6 rrjv \oyiKr)v Oecopiav i/cfiaOcov ov
fiovov ravra oihev, aWa /cal avfju^ajia Kai irapa-
GVfJi^aiJba oirola /cal oiroaov dWyXcov SLacj^epei.
ArOPA2TH2
ITyQo? T?79 (JO<^ia<;y pbrj (pOovrjayf; kuv tovto
488
2
STOIC
What, you do not understand that of such things
some are " approved," and some, to the contrary,
^'^
disapproved " ?
^
BUYER
Even now I do not understand.
STOIC
Of
course not, for you are not familiar with our
vocabulary and have not the faculty of forming con-
cepts but a scholar who has mastered the science of
;
489
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eiTrelv, n to (Tu/jb/Sa/jLa koX to irapaavyi^a^ia' koX
'yap ovK OL^ 67ra><i i7r\T]>yr)v vttotov pvOfiov to)v
OVO/jLaTCOV.
xPT2inno2
AXX ovSel<; <j)6ovo<;' rjv yap tl<; ^wXo? mv avrfo
EKeivw T(p %ft)Xft) TToBl irpo(nrTaiaa<^ \i6(p rpavfia
€^ axpavov'; Xd^rj, o TOtovro<; elx^ P'^v hrfirov avp-
/3apa rrjv ^coXeiav, to Tpavpa he 7rapa<Tvp>0apa
irpoaeKa^ev.
ArOPA2TH2
22 *ri Tr}<; ay\^LVoia<;, tl Be dWo pdXiaTa ^^9
elSevai;
xPY2inno2
Ta9 Twy \6ywv TrXeKTava^ ah avpirohi^co tou9
rr poaop.iXovvTa<; Kal airo^paTTw fcal (TKOTrdv ttoio),
ArOPA2TH2
'H/3a/<;Xet9, dpa^ov Tiva Kal ^iaiov Xeyei<;,
XPT2inno2
X/coTrei yovv eaTi ctol iraiBiov;
ArOPA2TH2
It pbrjv;
xPY2inno5
Ilovto r}v 7rft)9 fcpoKoSecXo^; dpiranrj TrXr^aiov tov
TTOTapov irXa^opevov eupcov, kuto, aoi aTrohcoaeiv
VTTia^vTjTai ^ avTO, rjv €i7Ty<; TdX7jde<; 6 tl BeBoKTai
BUYER
Oh, what subtlety! And what else do you claim to
know best .''
STOIC
The word-snares with which
I entangle those who
converse with me and stop their mouths and make
them hold their peace, putting a very muzzle on
them. This power is called the syllogism of wide
renown. 1
BUYER
Heracles ! An invincible and mighty things by
what you say.
STOIC
See for yourself. Have you a child }
BUYER
What of it ?
STOIC
it on finding it straying
If a crocodile should seize
beside the river, and then should promise to give it
back to you if you told him truly what he intended
The Stoics were noted for their attention to logic
1 and
in especial to fallacies. Chrysippus wrote a book on
syllogisms, mentioned in the Icaromtnippus (311).
491
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
avTW Trepl rr;? a7roB6aea)(; tov /3pe(^ou?, rt <f)7]<T€L(;
avTOv iyvcoKevai;
ArOPA2TH5
AvaairoKpLTOv epwra^. airopoy yap oirorepov
eliroiv CLTToXd^oL/jLi,. aXXa av 7rpo<; Aio? airoKpLva-
fievo^ avdcrcoaai /jlol to TratSiov, fir) Ka\ cfyOdaT]
avrb /caraTncov.
xPTsmnos
tapper koI dWa ydp ere hthd^ofiai Oav/jLacrico-
T€pa.
ArOPA2TH2
la iToia;
xPY2inno2
Tov Oepi^ovra Kal tov KvptevovTa Kal cttI Trdac
Trjv ^HXeKTpav Kal tov iy/ceKaXv/x/ievov.
ArOPA2TH5
Tiva tovtov tov iyKe/caXvfi/jievov 17 Tiva ttjv
'HXeKTpav Xeyei,^;
XPT2inno2
HXeKTpav fiev eKeivqv ttjv irdw, Tr)vWyafi€fivo-
vo<;, rj TCL avTa olSe re d/jLa koI ovk olSe' irapecrTco-
492
!
BUYER
Your question is hard to answer_, for I don't know
which alternative I should follow in my reply, in
order to get back the child. Come, in Heaven's
name answer it yourself and save the child for me,
for fear the beast may get ahead of us and devour it
STOIC
Courage ! I'll teach you other things that are more
wonderful.
BUVER
What are they ?
STOIC
The Reaper, the Master,- and above all, theElectra
and the Veiled Figure.
BUYER
What do you mean by the Veiled Figure and the
Electra ?
STOIC
The Electra is the famous Electra, the daughter of
Agamemnon, who at once knew and did not know
the same thing for when Orestes stood beside her
;
Ihe father says " No," he will reply " You are right ;
therefore I am not going to give it up."
^ Neither of these are accurately known. The Reaper was
based on the fallacious employment of the negative, and
proved that a man who was going to reap a field could not
possibly reap it. Zeno, the founder of the Stoic school, is
.said to have paid 200 minas to a logician who taught him
seven varieties of this fallacy'. The Master consisted of four
propositions, of which you could take any three and disprove
the fourth.
493
"
ArOPA2TH2
ArjXaSr] ayvoecv.
xPT2inno2
23 'AWa /JLr]v avTo<; outo? tjv 6 iraTrjp 6 a6<;' wcrre
el TovTov ayvoel^, SrjXo<; el tov iraTepa tov abv
ayvocov.
ArOPA2TH2
Ov fiev ovv aXX^ airoKaXy'^a^ avTov eccTo/jLat,
Orestes was her brother, for she did not know that this man
was her brother but this man was Orestes.
;
494
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
her brother, but did not know that this was Orestes.^
As to the Veiled Figure, you shall hear a very
wonderful argument. Tell me, do you know your
own father ?
BUYER
Yes.
STOIC
But if I put a veiled figure before you and asked
you if you know him^ what will you say ?
BUYER
That I don't, of course.
STOIC
But the veiled figure turns out to be your own
father so if you don't know him, you evidently don't
;
truth ! —
But to go on what is the purpose of your
wisdom, and what shall you do when you reach the
summit of virtue ?
STOIC
I then devote myself to the chief natural
shall
goods, I mean wealth, health, and the like.^ But
first I must go through many preparatory toils,
whetting my eyesight with closely-written books,
as they were in or out of harmony with tho natural wants of
man. This did not supersede the classification alluded to
above, but was convenient because it enabled them to dispose
of certain things which were hard to classify on the other
basis. For instance, a good comi.lexion is neither " approved"
nor "disapproved" as an aid to the acquirement of virtue,
but it is in harmony with nature, and therefore " acceptable."
Hence the Stoics were often accused (as they are constantly
accused by indirection in this dialogue) of setting up a double
standard.
495
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ayeipovTa kol <Jo\oiKL<j\x(jiv eynriirXdyievov koX
aroiTcov prf/jLarcov' /cal to K€(pd\aLOv, ov 6efJLL<^
yeveadai ao^ov, rjv /jlt) rpt? e0e^% tov iXXeffopov
ArOPA2TH2
Vevvala aov ravra koL hetvoi^; avhpLKci. to Se
Tvi(f)(ova TOKoy\vcf)ov — koI
elvat koX yap TuSe
opo) aoi irpoaovTa — avSpo^
rt (pco/nev, -qhrj TreTro)-
/C0T09 TOV eWe/Sopov kol TeXelov tt/Oo? apeTijv;
XPT2inno2
Nar /i6v(p yovv to Zavel^etv irpeiroi av ro) ao^w'
eirei yap cSlov avTov avWoyl^eaOai, to havel-
^€LV Se Kul \oyi^6(T0ai tov<; to/cou? TfXrjaLOv elvai
8oK€L TO) (TvXkoyi^eadai, tov cttov-
fjLovov av eirj
BUYER
These projects of yours are noble and dreadful!}
courageous. But to be a Gnipho and a usurer for 1 —
see that this is one of your traits too what shall we —
say of this ? That it is the mark of a man who has
already taken his hellebore-treatment and is con-
summate in virtue ?
STOIC
Yes ; at any rate money-lending is especially
appropriate to a wise man, for as drawing inferences
is a specialty of his, and as money-lending and
drawing interest is next-door to drawing inferences,
the one, like the other, belongs particularly to the
scholar and not only getting simple interest, like
:
BUYER
Then we are to say the same of the fees that you
get for your wisdom from young men, and obviously
none but the scholar will get paid for his virtue }
1 A
hit at Chr^'sippus. Hellebore was the specific for
insanity, and rumour said that Chrysippus had taken the
treatment three times (cf. True Story, 2, 18).
'''
A
play upon t6kos, which is literally " offspring."
497
VOL. II. K K
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
xPT2inno5
ov yap ejiavrov eve/ca^ Xafi^dpco,
IS/lavOdvei^'
Tov Be 8i3oi^T09 avrov '^dpcv iirel yap ecTTiv 6 fiev
Tt9 €/c%uT^9, he irepieKTiKo^;, ifJuavTov /lev aaKco
elvai irepie/CTiKOV, tov 8e fjuadr^rrjv iK)(^vT7jv.
ArOPA2TH2
Kal firjv TovvavTLOV e^prjv'^ tov veov fiev eivac
Trepce/CTifcov, ae Be tov puovov irXovaiov iK')(yT'r]v.
xpT5inno2
SKC07rT€c<;, 0) 0VT09. aXX' opa fjurj ae diroTo^evaco
T& dvaiToBeiKT(p avWoyKr/jLa}.
ArOPA2TH2
Kal TL Beivov oltto tov 0e\ov<;;
xpY2inno2
Arropia Kal cncoTrrj Kal BiaaTpa^rjvai. t^j^ Bid-
^
ArOPA5TH2
Nat.
xPY2inno5
It oe; TO ^q)ov ov acofia;
ArOPA2TH2
Nat.
1 eVf /CO Dindorf : etv€Ka MSS.
2 e'xp^f * (?), Seager, Fritzsche : f<pTis MSS.
498
^
STOIC
You are joking, man. Look out that I don't shoot
you with my indemonstrable syllogism.
BUYER
What have I to fear from that shaft ?
STOIC
Perplexity and aphasia and a sprained intellect.
But the great thing is that if I wish I can turn you
into a stone forthwith.
BUYER
How will you turn me into a stone ? You are not
a Perseus, I think, my dear fellow.
STOIC
In this way. Is a stone a substance ?
BUYER
Yes.
STOIC
And how about this — is not an animal a substance ?
BUYER
Yes.
^ Indemonstrable in the sense that its propositions do not
499
K K 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
xPY2inno2
Xv Be ^wov;
ArOPA2TH2
"Eot/ca yovv.
xPTsmnos
Ki6o^ apa el crw/xa cov.
ArOPA2THS
Mr^hajim. aX)C avaXvarov fie tt/^o? tov Ato? Kal
6^ V7rap)(r]<; irolrjcrov avOpwirov.
xPY5inno2
1(t6l avdpoyiro^. elire
Ov xcO^eirov aX\' ep^iraXiv
yap fioc, Trdv aco/jia ^a)ov;
ArOPA2TH2
xPY2inno2
Tl Be; \lOo<; ^mov;
ArOPA2TH2
Ov,
xpT2inno2
Zf oe (Tcofjia €l;
ArOPA2TH2
Nat.
xPY2inno2
Sw/xa SI wv ^(oov ei;
ArOPA2TH2
Nat.
xPY2inno2
OvK apa \lOo^ el ^(oov ye cov.
ArOPA2TH2
El) ye eTToirjcra^;, &)? ^S^7 MOt' ra (tkcXv KaOdirep
T?)^ NiolSrj^i aTTeyfrvx^To fcal nrdyia 7)v. aXXa wvi]-
500
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
STOIC
And you are an animal ?
BUYER
So it appears, anyhow.
STOIC
Then you are a substance, and therefore a stone !
BUYER
Don't say that Distribute my middle,
! for
Heaven's sake, and make me a man again.
STOIC
That
me, is
not difficult.
is Be a man once more
every substance an animal }
! — Tell
BUYER
No.
STOIC
Well, is a stone an animal ?
BUYER
No.
STOIC
You are a substance ?
BUYER
Yes.
STOIC
But even if you are a substance, you are an animal.
BUYER
Yes.
STOIC
Then you are not a stone, being an animal.
BUYER
Thank you kindly ; my legs were already as cold
and solid as Niobe's. I will buy you. (To hermes.)
How much have I to pay for him ?
501
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
M.va<; BcoBexa.
ArOPA2TH3
Adfi^ave.
EPMH2
Moz^o? Se avTOV icovrjaai;
ArOPA2TH5
Ma AC, aX}C ovroi iravre^ ov<; 6pa<;,
EPMH2
UoWoi ye koI tov<; o)fjLov<^ Kaprepol kol tgv
ZET5
26 M^ BidrpL^e' aXkov fcaXet rbv UepcTrarrjTiKov.
EPMH2
Se (t)r)fii, rov koKov, tov TrXovaiov. dye B'^, &>i'?;-
ArOPASTHi
Tt Be yLV(0(T/c€L fidXiaTa;
502
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
HERMES
Twelve minas.
BUYER
Here you are.
HERMES
Are you the sole purchaser ?
BUYER
Noj indeed ; there are all these men whom you
see.
HERMES
Yes, there are many of them, heavy-shouldered
fellows, fit associates for the Reaper.
ZEUS
Don't delay ; call another, the Peripatetic.
HERMES
{To PERIPATETIC.) I Say, you who are handsome,
you who are rich (
To the buyers.) Come now,
!
buyer
What is he like !
HERMES
Moderate, gentlemanly, adaptable in his way of
hving, and, what is more, he is double.
BUYER
What do you mean ?
HERMES
VicAved from the outside, he seems to be one man,
and from the inside, another so if you buy him, be ;
sure to call the one self '• exoteric " and the
other '' esoteric."
BUYER
What does he know best ?
503
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
Tpia elvai to, ayaOd, iv yfryxfiy eV aay/jLari, iv rot?
e/CT09.
ArOPA2TH2
^AvOpcoTTiva (f>pov€t. iroaov Be iariv;
EPMH2
l^tKOai jJLVMV.
ArOPA5'lH5
YioWov ^ \ey€i(;.
EPMxHS
Ov/c, kol 'yap avTo<; e)(€tv ri ap'^/v-
S) /jLa/cdpte'
ArOPA2TH2
*i{pdfc\eL<; tt}? aKpt/SoXoylaf;.
EPMH2
Tl he aKovGeia^ dXXo. ttoWo) tovtcov o^vhep-
el
Kearepa, yovrj<^ re irepL koI yeveo-eco^ Kal tt}? eu
Tat<; urjrpac^ tmv ep./3pvcov irXaariKfj';, Kal (jl><;
EPMH2
27 Elev,
ZET5
Tt9 XotTTO? rjplv;
1 TToAKov Reitz ; -noKv MSS, ^ twv Cobet ; not in MSS,
504
^ !
HERMES
Twenty minas.
BUYER
Your i)rice is high.
HERMES
Not you, for he himself appears to have a
so, bless
bit of money, so you can't be too quick about buying
him. Besides, he will tell you at once how long a
gnat lives, how far down into the sea the sunlight
reaches, and what the soul of an oyster is like.
BUYER
Heracles, what insight
HERMES
What if 1 should you of other information
tell
demanding far keener vision, about sj)erm and
conception and the shaping of the embryo in the
womb, and how man is a creature that laughs, while
asses do not laugh, and neither do they build houses
nor sail boats.
BUYER
This ishigh and helpful information that you tell
of, so I shall buy him for the twenty minas.
HERMES
Very well.
ZEUS
Whom have we left .''
ArOPA5TH2
"l^yayye. aXka Trpcorov elire fioi, crv ri €7rt-
araaai;
nrppHN
Ovhev.
ArOPA2TH2
IIw? TOVTO €(f)7](l6a;
nrppnN
Otc ovBev oXft)9 elvai /jlol Bokci,
ArOPA2TH2
OvSe rjjjbel^ dpa eafiev Tive<;;
nrppHN
OvBe TOVTO olBa.
ArOPA2TH2
OvBe OTL (TV TL<; a)v Tvy')(dv6L<;;
nTPPHN
TloXv fxaWov €tc tovto dyvocj,
ArOPA2TH2
*fl tt}? aTTopta?. TL Be aoi to, cTTadfila ravTl
^ovXerai;
nTPPHN
ZvyoaTaTOj iv avTolq T0v<i X6yov<; koX tt/oo? to
l(Tov direvdvvoi, koI eireiBav aKpi^M^ ofioiovf; re
^
7]ixiy. EPM. KaraXelireTai 6 ^KenriKhs B^kker ; iffuv /coto-
Kel-rrerai. EPM. 6 ^KeirriKhs MSS.
506
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
HERMES
This Sceptic is still Reddy,^ come
on our ha,nds.
here and be put up without delay. The crowd
is already drifting away, and there will be but few
BUYER
I will. But first tell me, what do you know ?
SCEPTIC
Nothing,
BUYER
What do you mean by that ?
SCEPTIC
That in my opinion nothing at all exists.
BUYER
Then do not we exist ?
SCEPTIC
I don't even know that.
BUYER
Not even that you yourself exist ?
SCEPTIC
I am far more uncertain about that.
BUYER
Oh, what a state of doubt .''
But what are these
scales of yours for ?
SCEPTIC
I weigh arguments in them and make them
balance one another, and when I see they are
1 Pyrrhias (Reddy) is a slave name, brought in for the
sake of the pun on the name of the founder of the Sceptic
school, Pyrrho.
;
nTPPriN
Ta iravra ifkrjv SpaTrerrjv /jLeraBKOKeiv,
ArOPA2TH2
it oe TOVTO aot aovvarov;
nrppHN
''Ot^, (ayaOi, ov KaraXa/jiffdva),
ArOPA2TH2
EtVoTft)?' ffpaBv^i yap /cat vaydrj^ T/.9 eli^at 8oK€t^.
aXXa TL aoc to Te\o<i r^? iTnaTaa-eco^
nxppnN
H dfiaOia /cal to /jLtjtc olkovclv fi7]T€ opdv.
ArOPA2TH2
OvKovv Kai TO TV<pXo<i dfjua koI /C(i}(p6<; eivat,
nrppHN
Kat aKpiTc^ ye irpoaeTi /cal dvaiaOrjTO^ koI
o\a)9 TOV (Tfco)\y]fco<^ ovSev Stacpepcov.
ArOPA2TH2
flvr]T€o<; ei hta TavTa. ttoctov tovtov cl^lov vprj
(pdvuL;
EPMH5
Mi^a9 'ArTfTCTj?*
ArOPA2TH2
Adfifiape. tI (pr^^;, w ovto^j icovrjfjLai, ce;
508
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
precisely alike and equal in weight, then, ah ! then
I do not know which is the truer.
BUYER
What else can you do fairly well ?
SCEPTIC
Everything except catch a runaway slave.
BUYER
Why can't you do that?
SCEPTIC
Because, my dear sir, I am unable to apprehend
anything. 1
BUYER
Of course, for you look to be slow and lazy. But
what is the upshot of your wisdom ?
SCEPTIC
Ignorance, and failure of hearing and vision.
BUYER
Then you mean being both deaf and blind }
SCEPTIC
Yes, and devoid of judgement and feeling, and, in a
word, no better than a worm.
BUYER
I must buy you for that reason. (^To hermes.)
How much may I call him worth }
HERMES
An Attic mina.
BUYER
Here you are.(To sceptic.) Wliat have you to
say, fellow ? Have I bought you ?
1 The same joke is cracked b}' Lucian in the True. Story, 2,
18, at the expense of the New Academy.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
nrppriN
ArOPA2TH5
MijSa/jLMf;' ia)V7)/jLai yap kol rapyvpiov Kare-
nTPPHN
E7re;)^a) irept tovtov koI SiaafceTrrofiaL.
ArOPASTHS
Kal /jLTjv cLKoXovOet fioi, KaOdirep ^prj ifMOV
oIk6T7]V.
nTPPHN
Tt9 ol8ep el dXrjdrj ravra (f>7]<;;
ArOPA2TH2
O Krjpv^ KoX 7] fxva /cal ol 7rap6vT€<i,
nrppriN
apeto'L yap
a rjfMiv rive^;
ArOPASTHS
'A\V eycoye ae tjSt} e/i^aXcbp eV rov fjuvXcova
ireiaa) ecpai SeaTTorrjf; Kara top yeipw \6yov.
nrppHN
"Evre^e irepl tovtov.
ArOPA2TH2
M^ Af,*, cOOC 7]Sr} ye aire^rjvdfxriv.
EPMH2
St* /i€i/ Travaai dvTLTeivcov kuX aKoXovOet, Ttfi
Trpia/jLevQ), vfidf; Be eh avpcop TrapaKaXovfiep' drro-
K7)pv^€CP yap Tov<; lBi(OTa<i koI l3avavaov<i kuI
dyopaiov<{ ^lov^ jxiXXoixev.
5^0
!
BUYER
The crier, the mina, and the men present.
SCEPTIC
Is there anyone here present ?
BUYER
Come, I'll chuck you into the mill and convince
you that I am your master, with sorry logic
SCEPTIC
Suspend judgement on that point.
BUYER
No, by Heaven ! I have already affirmed my
judgement.
HERMES
{To Stop hanging back and go with
SCEPTIC.)
your buyer. {To the company.) We invite you all
here to-morrow, for we intend to put up for sale the
careers of laymen, workingmen, and tradesmen.
511
INDEX
Abdera, city in Thrace, 473 Anaceum, temple of Castor and
Academic school, 313, 317 personi-
;
Pollux at Athens, 339
fied, 479 sq. Anaxagoras, famous philosopher,
Academy, gymnasium near Athens d. 428 B.C., 337, 339 and note
in which Plato lectured, 305 Anonymi (comic poet), 139, 149 ;
Achaeans, 151, 197, 225 (tragic poet) 201
Acharnae, suburb of Athens, 299, Antigonus, Alexander's general,
383 later ruler of Asia Minor, 293, 295,
Achilles, 175, 207, 443 note
Acrisius, mythical king of Argos, Antiochus Soter, d. 261 B.C., 293
father of Danae, 199 Antiope, daughter of the river
Acropohs of Athens, 285, 385, 387 Asopus, mother by Zeus of
Acrocorinthus, citadel of Corinth, Amphion and Zethus, 97
285 Antiphanes of Rhodes, comic poet,
Admetus, king of Pherae in Thes- began to exhibit ca. 390 B.C., 325,
saly, favourite of Apollo, 71 note
Adrastus of Phrygia, accidentally Anubis, Egyptian god, son of
killed Atys, son of Croesus, 77 Osiris, represented with the head
Adriatic, 313 of a jackal on a human body,
Aeacus, 9 and note, 401, 445 103, 105, 309, 481
Aeginetan measure, 393 and note Aphidnae, village in Attica, 207
Aesop, 283 Aphrodite, 105, 151, 177, 179, 315
Aetna, 291, 333, 347, 371 Apis, sacred bull of Memphis, killed
Agamemnon, 151, 225, 441, 493 by Cambyses, 427
Agathocles, physician, 15 Apollo, 71, 79, 99, 105, 127 sg.,
Agathocles, Stoic philosopher, 295 157, 203, 259, 309, 315, 419,
Ajax, son of Telamon, 207, 443 sq., 477
Alcamenes, sculptor, 101, 103 Aratus, 257, 309
Alectryon. fable of, 177, 179 • Arbaces, eunuch, 295
Alexander the Great, 225 Archibius, physician (fictitious),
Alexander of Thessaly, tyrant of 191
Pherae, 293 Areopagus, high court at Athens,
Aloeus, sons of (Otus and Ephi- 379, 463
altes), 403 Ares, 151, 177, 179
Altar of Mercy, on the market-place Argives, 299, 445
at Athens, at which foreign Argo, 175
suppliants for Athenian aid took Argos, home of Danae, 199
refuge, 373 Aristides, 81, 163, 353
513
LUC. VOL. II. L L
INDEX
Aristodemus, actor, 95 and note, Castaly, spring on Mt. Parnassus,
153 133, 409
Aristophanes, 15 note, 81 note, 325 Caucasus, 243 sq., 403
note Cecrops, legendary founder and
Arsaces, king of Parthia, 295 first king of Athens, 227, 351
Artaxerxes Mnemon, d. 359 B.C., Celts, 109
225 Centaurs, 123
Artemis, 151, 157, 309 Cerberus, 55, 481
Asclepius, 121, 129, 309; temple Cercyon, king of Eleusis, whom
of, at Athens, 295 ; at Peiya- Theseus wrestled with and slew,
mos, 309 123
Aspasia, 211, 213, 215 Charon, 3 sq., 395 sq.
Assyrians, 155, 415 Charon, or the Inspectors,
Athena, 91 sq., 151, 257, 385 395-447
Athenians, 297, 309, 331, 337, 459 Charops of Aegina, 81
Athens, 123, 279, 339 note, 365, Charybdis, 413
383, 473 Chrysippus, 311, 497 note
Atlas, 405 CiUcians, 297
Atropos, one of the three Fates, Clearchus, 225
7, 33, 75 Cleobis, 417
Attains, 295 and note Cleocritus, fictitious name, 19
Attica, 299. 333, 337, 359 Cleon, rich Athenian tanner and
Attis, Asiatic demigod, worshipped demagogue, 361
with orgiastic rites as lover of Cleonae, village in Argos, 443, 445
Rhea (Cybele), 103 Clinias, orator (fictitious), 295
Clotho, one of the three Fates,
3-57, 75, 79, 425, 427
Babylon, 415, 443
Cnidians, 105
Bactria, 207
Cock, 173 sq.
Bed of Megapenthes, 53 Cocytus, River of Wailing, in
Bendis, Thracian moon-goddess,
Hades, 407
103, 309
Codrus, legendary king of Athens,
Biton, Cleobis and, 417
descended from Neleus, 351
Black Sea, 461
Collytus, deme of Athens, 333, 375,
Blepsias, fictitious name, 393
381 and note, 383
Boeotian stupidity, 137 ; Boeo-
Colophon, city in Asia Minor, N.-W.
tians, 425
of Ephesus, near which was a
Boreas, North Wind, 313, 387
famous temple of Apollo, at
Briareus, one of the three hundred-
Clarus, 133
handed sons of Heaven and Colossus of Rhodes, statue of HeUus
Earth who aided Zeus against
100 feet high, made by Chares of
the Titans, 151
Lindus. In 672 a.d. its remains
yielded the Arabs 900 camel-
Caeneus, 211 and note loads of bronze ; 107, 287 and
Callias, Athenian plutocrat, 81, note, 289
163, 353 and note Corinth^ 221
Cambyses, King of Persia, 425 Corinthians, 105
Caphereus, southern promontory of Corybantes, minor gods associated
Euboea, 113 in Phrygia with the worship of
Cappadocia, 313 Rhea (Cybele), 313, 371
Caria, 487 Crates, cynic philosopher, 213, 215
Cario, slave, 25 Crete, 159, 405 ; Cretans, 333
Caspian gates, pass south of Cas- Croesus, 79, 157, 219 sq., 225, 351,
pian Sea, confused with Cauca- 373, 415 sq.
sian gates by Lucian, 247 Croesus, son of, killed while hunt-
514
;
VlNDEX
ing, 77 and note', another son, a Diomed, 151
mute, 225, 455 and note Dion of Syracuse, banished by
Cronus, deposed from the kingship Dionysius the Younger in 466 B.C.
of the gods and confined in Tar- returned 460 B.C. and became
tarus by liis son Zeus, 71, 127, tyrant; assassinated 353 B.C.,
245 329 225, 485 and note
Cronus, son of (Zeus), 91, 199, 321, Dionysius the Younger, tyrant of
333 Syracuse 467-ca. 460 B.C., and
Cronus-day, 199 again 446-443 B.C., 221, 225
Croton, city in Magna Graecia, 211, Dionysus, 107, 121, 313 ;Dionysia,
413, 461 385
Cyclopes, assistants of the smith Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux), 213
Hephaestus, 347 Dodona, 175
Cyclops, the (Polyphemus), 31, 413 Downward Journey, the, 1-57
Cydimachus, fictitious name of Dream, the, or the Cock, 171-
tyrant, 19 239
Cyllenians, 155 Drimylus, fictitious name, 199, 201
Cyllenius (Hermes, born on Mt. Dromo, slave-name, 351
Cyllene in N.-E. Arcadia), 323,
399
Cynegirus, brother of Aeschylus, Earth, mother of the Titans, 245,
killed at Marathon, 137 259
Cynic philosophy personified, 461 Echecratides, father of Timon
sg. (fictitious ?), 333, 375, 383
Cyniscus, 15 sq., 61 sq. Egypt, 209, 309
Cynuria, district in Argos bordering Egyptians, 155, 297
on Lacedaemon, 299 and note Elatus, father of Caeneus, 211
cf. 445 Electra, 493
Cyrenaic philosophy personified, Eleusinian Mysteries, 43, 45 note
471 Eleven, the, Athenian police magis-
Cyrus the Great, 79, 157, 415, 425 trates, 81
Cyrus the Younger, 225 Elysian Fields, 83
Empedocles, philosopher, said to
Daedalus 219, 267, 273 have leaped into Aetna, 289-293
Damis, Epicurean philosopher (fic- Endymion, beloved of Artemis, 291
titious), 95 sq. Ephesus, 309, 473
Danae 93, 97, 341 cf. 373
; Ephialtes, 307 ; cf. 403
Danaids, 347 Epicurean atoms, 299
Danube, 405 Epicurean philosophy personified,
Darius, 169 485
Day, a goddess among the Ethio- Epicurus, 123
pians, 155 Epimenides, 333 and note
Dead, laments of the, 39 Erechtheis, one of the t«n Athenian
Death, 401, 413, 431 tribes, 381
Delphi, 133, 309, 373, 419, 421 Erinys (Tisiphone), 45 sq. v. note,
;
Delphians, 425 p. 45
Demeas, orator (fictitious), 381-387 Erymanthus, mountain in N.-W.
Demeter, 313, 345 Arcadia, 285
Democritus, 473, note ; philosophy Ethiopia, 427
of, personified, 475 sq. Ethiopians, 147, 155, 261
Demosthenes, 113, 125 Euclides, 10, 11 note
Deucalion, 329 cf. 331
; Eucrates, fictitious name, 187 sq.,
Diasia, 309 and note, 333 237
Diogenes the Cynic, 15 note. 449, Euphorbus, hero of the Iliad, 179,
461 note, 467 note 197, 203 sq., 215
5T5
;
INDEX
Eaphranor, Corinthian sculptor Hermes, 3 sq., 91 sq., 151, 177, 231,
and painter, 4th century B.C., 243 sq., 259, 305, 313, 323, 333
101 sq., 397 sq., 451 sq.
Euripides, 77, 91, 93, 141, 153, 201, Hermodorus, fictitious Epicurean,
213, 327, 373, 467, 469 295, 313
Europa, 93 Herodotus, 77, 79, 121, 169, 205
Eurystheus, King of Tiryns, pre- note, 415 note, 417 notes, 427 note
scribed the twelve labours of Herophilus, fictitious Cynic, 295
Heracles, 123 Hesiod, 61, 245, 257, 315
Hipponicus, 353 and note
Homer, 31, 61, 63, 65, 91, 101, 105,
Fates, the, 63 sq., 429 sq.
111, 119, 143, 147, 149, 151, 159,
161, 175, 185, 189, 197, 201, 205,
Galato, painter, 413 note 207, 225, 247, 281, 263, 271, 283,
Ganymede, 121, 271, 315 287, 289, 297. 301, 305, 307, 311,
Geraestus, in southern Euboea, 315, 317, 319, 321, 365, 403, 405,
125 407, 409, 411, 413, 415, 427, 437,
Geraneia, mountains in Megarid, 441, 443
285 Horus, 209
Getae 297 Hours, 141
Giants, 95, 257, 321 ; cf. 331 Hydra, 123, 137
Glycerium, concubine, 25 Hymettus, mountain E. of Athens,
Gnathonides, toady, 377 sq. 285, 333
Gnipho, stock name for an usurer, Hyperbolus, dealer in lamps, Athe-
nian demagogue, 361
35, 235, 393, 497
Gobares, fictitious Persian, 13
Goches, unknown Assyrian, 81 lapetus, one of the Titans, 245
Graces 197 ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN,
Greece' 287, 299, 307, 313, 388
267-323
;
S'6
INDEX
Lynceus, the keen-eyed pilot of Mycenae, 443
the Argo, 289, 411 Myrmidons, a Thessalian folk
Lysimachus, general of Alexander, turned from ants into men by
later King of Thrace, 293 Zeus to re-people the land after
Lysippus, of Sicyon, sculptor, con- a pestilence, 301
temporary of Alexander, 105, 107 Myron, sculptor in bronze, some-
what older than Phidias, 101,
Maea, son of (Hermes), 249, 399 103, 223
Maeandrius 427 Mysians, 287
Marathon, district in N.-E. Attica,
299 battle of, 137
;
Neanthes of Cyzicus, 325 note
Massagetae, Scythian tribe, 425 Nemean Uon, slain by Heracles,
Media, 13 Medes, 415
;
137
Megabyzus, high-sounding name, Nestor, 381
351 Night, 303
Megacles, high-sounding name, 351 Nine-spouts (Enneacrunus), foun-
Megapenthes, type of tyrant, 17 sq. tain in Athens, near the Odeum,
Megara, 13, 279 also called Callirhoe, 391
Megillus, of Corinth, rich and hand- Nineveh, 443
some, 43 Niobe, 501
Meletus, one of the prosecutors of Nireus, famous for his beauty (//. 2,
Socrates, 81 671 351
sq.),
Memphis, in Egypt, 155 Notus (South Wind), 313
Men, Phrygian god, 103 Nymphs, 101
Menander, 169 note
Menelaus, 205, 207
Meaippus, 59 note, 89 note, 241 note, Oceanus, 101, 147
267 note, 309 note, 449 note ; inter- Odysseus, 351, 437
locutor in Icaromenippus, 269 sq. Oenoe, deme in district of Mara-
Metapontum, in S. Italy, 211 thon, 209
Metrodorus of Athens, pupil and Oeneus, King of Aetolia, father of
friend of Epicurus, 123 Meleager, 151
Mlcyllus, cobbler (fictitious), 31 sq., Oeta, mountain range N. of Boeotia,
171 sq. 407, 409
Midas, King of Phrygia, 187, 373 Olympia, 125, 309, 331, 383;
Midas, a slave, 23 Olympic games, 189, 311, 329,
Midias, rich and influential Athe- 387, 433
nian, personal enemy of Demos- Olympieion, 309 and note
thenes, 81, 163 Olympus, mountain in N.-E. Thes-
Miletus, 211, 213 saly, 285, 403
Milo of Croton, famous for his great Orestes, 493
strength, fl. ca. 510 B.C., 413 Oreus, 125
Miltiades, victor of Marathon, 137 Oroetes, satrap of Sardis, 427
Minos of Crete, son of Zeus, judge Ossa, mountain in Magnesia, 403,
in the lower world, 83 405
Mithras, Persian sun-god, 103 Othryadas, 445
Mnesarchus, father of Pythagoras, Otus, 307 V. 403
;
517
INDEX
Parmenio, general of Alexander, Pnyx, hill facing the Acropolis,
225 where the Athenian folk assem-
Parnassus, 403, 407, 409 bled, 107
Parnes, mountain in N. Attica, Polus, actor, 95 and note, 153
285 Polyclitus, sculptor, younger con-
Patroclus, 207 temporary and rival of Phidias,
Pelion, mountain in Magnesia, 103
403, 405 Polycrates of Samos, 427
Peloponnese, 299, 445 Potters' Quarter (Ceramicus), 115,
Pelusium, city in lower Egypt, on 323
the E. mouth of the Nile, 155 Poseidon, 71, 105, 125 sq., 223, 315
Pentelicus, mountain in Attica, 411
N.-E. of Athens, 105 Poverty, personified, 341 sq., 359 sq.
Perdiccas, general of Alexander, Praxiteles, sculptor (4th century
225 B.C.), 105, 223
Pergamos, 309 Prometheus, the, 241-265
Pericles, 211, 337, 339 note Prometheus, 71, 93, 241 sq.
Peripatetic philosophy personified, Protarchus, high-sounding name,
503 sq. 351
Perseus, 499 Protesilaus, 397
Persia, 287, 373, 423 ; Persians, Prytaneum, town-hall of Athens,
109, 121, 155, 221, 415 247 and note
Phaethon, 330 rtclemy (Soter), 225, (Philadel-
Phales, god of the Cyllenians, 155 phu3), 293
Pharos, island off Alexandria, Pyriphlegethon, River of Burning
famous for its lighthouse, 287 Fire, 55, 407
Phidias, 101, 103, 223; descendants Pyrrhias, slave-name, 351, 507 and
of (hereditary cleansers of the note
statue of Zeus at Olympia), 307 P^Trho, 313, 507 note
Philiades, toady, 379, 381 Pythagoras, 171 note, 179 sq., 203 sq.
Philip, of Macedon, 113 213, 215
Philosophies for Sale, 449-511 Pythagorean philosophy personi-
Phineus, King of Salmydessus in fied, 451 sq.
Thrace, persecuted by the
Harpies for blinding his sons, 347 Rhadamanthus, brotlier of Minos,
Phocians, 425 judge in the lower world, 27 sq.
Phocion, of Athens, general and Rhea, son of Cronus and (Zeus),
statesman, elder contemporary 199, 333
of Demosthenes, 81, 163 Rhodians, 107
Phoenicians, 269, 297 Rhodochares, spendtlirift (ficti-
Pholoe, plateau between Elis and tious) 35
Arcadia, 285 Rhoeteum, promontory on Helles-
Phrygia, lad of, Ganymede, 271 pont, 443
Phrygians, 155 Riches personified (Plutus, god of
Phryne, courtesan, famous for her Wealth), 337 sq.
beauty, 4tli century B.C., 43
Pindar, 111, 187, 315 and note, 373 Sabazius, Thracian god, sometimes
and note identified with Dionysus, 313
Piraeus, port of Athens, 113 Salamis, 121
Pisidians, 21 Salmoneus, son of Aeolus, imitated
Pityocamptes (" Pine-bender "), the thunder and hghtning, and
conquered by Theseus, 123 was hurled down to Hades by
Plato. 311, 479 note, 481, 483 note, Zeus with a thunderbolt, 327,
485 note 329
Pluto, 3, 5 note, 9 note, 349, 401 Samos, 155, 179, 181, 213
5i«
INDEX
Sardanapalus, King of Assyria, 81, Telephus, son of Heracles and Auge,
163, 443 exposed in infancy, found his
Sardis, 415 Sardian, the (Croesus),
; mother in Mysia, and became
157 King of Mysia, 227
Satyrus, actor, friend of Demos- Tellus of Athens, 417
thenes, 153 Theagenes, philosopher, 13 and note
Sceptic philosophy personified, Theatre (of Dionysus at Athens),
505 sq. 285
Sciron, robber who controlled the Thebes, 265
pass from the Isthmus of Corinth Themis, personification of law and
into Attica, slain by Theseus, order, 119
123 Themistocles, 121 note, 135
ScyUa, 411 Theognis, 355
Scythia,313; Scyths, 109, 155,247, Thersites, 441
295, 297, 425 Theseus, 123, 207
Seleucus Nicator, general of Alex- Thesmopolis, philosopher (ficti-
ander, 225, 293 tious), 191 sq.
Semele, mother, by Zeus, of Diony- ThessaUans, 301
sus, 93 Thetis, 151, 265 ; son of (Achilles)
Sicily, 405, 473 441
Sicyon, city W. of Corinth, 299 Thrace, 309 ; Thracians, 109, 155,
Sigeum, promontory in Troas, 443 287, 295
Silenus, 315 Thracian mares, man-eating, be-
Simiche, courtesan, 43 longing to Diomed, killed by
Simon, cobbler (tictitious), 199 sq., Heracles, 123
229 Thrasycles, philosopher (fictitious),
Simonides, patronymic assumed by 387—393
Simon, 201 and note Tibius, slavo-name, 233, 351
Skens, 437 Timocles, Stoic (tictitious), 95 sq.
Sirius, the dog-star, 481 Timon of Athens, 325 note, 327 sq.,
Sisyphus, founder and King of 363 sq.
Corinth, reno\vned for his roguery Timon, or the Misaxthrope,
and punished in Hades by being 325-393
compelled to roll a heavy stone Tiresias, blina prophet of Thebes,
up-hill, 87, 227 211 and note, 213 and note
Socrates, 81, 163, 247 note, 281, Tisiphone, 45 sq.
479 note Titans, 95 cf. 307, 331, 387
; ;the
Solon of Athens, 415 sq. Titan (Prometheus) 243, 265
Sosylus, a groom, 233 Tityus, assaulted Leto, punished in
Spartans, 297, 299, 383, 387, 445 the underworld by being pegged
Spatinus the Mede, unknown, 295 out on the ground while two
Stoic philosophy personified, 487 sq. vultures tore at his liver, 83
Stymphalian birds, wliich infested Tomyris, 425
L. Stymphalus in Arcadia and Treasure, personified, 337, 359, 371
were killed by Heracles, 123 Treasury, at Athens, the rear-
Syracusans, 225 chamber ('jTricrt^o^o/Lios) of the
Parthenon, 387
Taenarus, 9 and note Triton, 387
Tantalus, 57, 83, 87, 345, 429 Troezen. 123
Tarentum, 211, 461 Troy, 2U5, 207, 443, 445
Tartarus, place of punishment in Twelve Gods, 127
the underworld, 71, 321
Taurians, 157 Walks, of the Lyceum, near Athens,
Taygetus, mountain-range in W. where the Peripatetics held forth,
Lacedaemon, 285 305
519
INDEX
Xanthus, horse of Achilles, 175 199, 223, 247 sg., 269 sq., 327 sq.
397, 399, 401, 451 sq., statue at
Zamolxis, Thracian. returned to Olympia, 331 and note
Thrace after being a slave to Zeus Catechized, 59-87
Pythagoras in Samos. taught his Zeus Rants, 89-169
countrymen and was deified after Zeuxis. famous painter, latter half
his death. 155 of 5th century B.C., 387
Zeus, 5, 61 sq., 91 sq., 173, 175, 197, Zopyrus, Persian, 169
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