Loeb Lucian Vol2 PDF

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THE LIBRARY
THE INSTITUTE OF MEDIAEVAL STUDIES
TORONTO
PRESENTED BY
Very Reverend H. Carr, C.S.B.
June 1, 1938
:^^:
BT. ^1
^<x^-\^
'^*^'^,^.^.^,
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
University of Toronto
http://www.archive.org/details/lucianlu02luci
THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY
EDITED BY
PAGE, LiiT.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, Lirr.D.
CAPPS. PH.D., LL.D. T. B.
LUCIAN
II
WIT^%N ENGLI^ •TTÂNSEATi0N BY
•J'RINCEION UNlYASISlfY
IN SEVEN VOLUMES
II
LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN

:
NEW YORK G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS

:
MCMXIX
- 9 1938
JUN
//S11
First Published, 1915.
Reptinted, 1919
PREFATORY NOTE
With the possible exception of the Downnmrd
Jouimeij, all the pieces in this volume have a double
MSS. tradition, one branch of which (y) is best
represented by Vaticanus 90 (F), the other (/?) by
Vindobonensis 123 (B), very incomplete, and in-
adequately supplemented by the other MSS. of that
group. For details see Karl Mras, Die Uberlieferung
Lucians, Vienna, 1911.
The text here presented is the result of a careful
revision based not only upon the published collations
but upon photographs of V for the one tradition,

U (Vaticanus 1324), Z (Vaticanus 1323) and N
(Parisinus 2957) for the other, supplied by the
Princeton University Library through the kindness
of its head. Dr. E. C. Richardson. My aim in
revision has been to eliminate readings which derive
from inferior MSS., and to give due weight to the
y tradition. In the main, the orthography is that of
r, but as between crw- and ^w- I have followed
Dindorf in writing aw- throughout.
PREFATORY NOTE
Under the circumstances it is no longer feasible
to note variations from the text of Jacobitz. A

select apparatus would be more to the point, but
would be too cumbersome for the L.C.L. Therefore
only the most vital discrepancies of the MSS. will
appear henceforth in the footnotes^ which as a rule
will record simply conjectures. The sigla y and /?
will need no further explanation ; r indicates that a

reading comes from an inferior MS. and is probably
conjectural.
In virtue of its position in T, the Soloecista should
open this volume, but it is so uninteresting and so
impossible to translate adequately that it has been

relegated to a less conspicuous place at the end of
the series, which will comprise seven volumes instead
of eight, as at first announced.
A conjecture which appears on page 378 of
Volume I with my initials attached, belongs by^
right of priority to Madvig, and Eduard Schwartz
has been anticipated by Richard Bentley in his
capital emendation on page 180.
VI
CONTENTS
V
PREFATORY NOTE
THE DOWNWARD JOCRNEY, OR THE TYRANT 1
ZEUS CATECHIZED ^^
ZEOS RANTS ^^
^ THE DREAM, OR THE COCK I'l
241
^^^
PROMETHEUS
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN 267
\^ TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE 325
V CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS 395
• PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE . , 9 t 449
INDEX , . . , ,
613
Vll
PA
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY, OR
THE TYRANT
A scene in the realm of Hades, showing that cobblers fare
better there than kings. Tlie lower vrorld is depicted also in
the MtnippuH and in the Dialogues of the Dead. All these
pieces were deeply influenced by Cynic satire and in par-
ticular by the Necyia of Menippus. Helm maintains that the
Downward Journey is based on a couple of scenes in the
Necyia which Lucian left unused in writing his Menippus
and subsequently worked up into a separate dialogue, pre-
fixing an introduction of his own ; but there is hardly
enough evidence to make this theory plausible, let alone
incontestable.
The part plaj-ed by the Fates is unusual. Instead of
spinning destinies up aloft as in the Charon, two of them are
given a share in the convoying of souls to the underworld,
Atropos turning them over to Hermes and Clotho presiding
over their reception at the ferry. Clotho's function thus in
great measure duplicates that assigned to Aeacus.
VOL. II.
KATAHAOTS h TTPANNOS
XAPnN
Elev, & KXtoOot, TO ixh <7«:a<^09 TOUTO r,fx,iv
ava^ycoypv ev fiaXa
u<£Xat eirpe-rrh «al Trpo?
nape<jKevaap.ivov o re
I'ffTo? wpemrai Kal n
w avrXo'S eKKexvTat ««i
oBovr) -napaKeKpovaTaiicai
TerpoiraiTai, icocXvei re ovdev,
rS>v KOy'nSiv «^<tt»?
ajto-
Uov i-rr' ilioi, TO ayicvpwv avaa-TraaavTa<;
Ûiv. o U 'EpM^ ppahivu naXai. irape^vai
Uov Kevov 'yovv lirijBa-T&v, W opa?, eiTi to
avaTrejrXevKevai bv-
TTopdixdov rpU V^V r,',ti€pov
ôvXvtov ear,,., .;/xe.?
v/aevov Kal ax^^hv aî^l
efiweTToXv/cafêv. eira
hk oiieTrm oiBi i/BoXhv
&ri e>l paey/^lu ev rovroK
6 Il\oiro,v ei olBa
{,ô\v<rerai, Kal -ravra Trap aXXcp ov^v^ t^9
avco to AvSr)^
&aêp T« SX\o, Kal airo, J.,9
iihcop 7re7ro)«i>9 ivaarpifai Trpo, vfâ, ^^^^'^'T
e'jrcSecKvvp.evo';
V Tîyo^^ ""«*
p[tei
Sceîpx^rac
rhv Xvpov rbv avrov, ^
rdxa'nov Ka, KXf^'nemi
avr,,
iîa r^hp avrov Ka,
o yevudSa, 7rape-keo>v
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY, OR
THE TYRANT
CHARON
Well, Clotho, we have had this boat all ship-shape
and thoroughly ready to sail for some time. The
water is baled out, the mast is set up, the sail is
hoisted in stops and each of the oars has a lanyard to
it, so that as far as I am
concerned there is nothing
to hinder our getting up anchor and sailing. But
Hermes is behind hand he should have been here
;
long ago. There is not a passenger aboard the ferry-

boat, as you see, when she might have made three
trips to-day by this time, and here it is almost dusk
and I haven't earned even an obol yet. Besides,
Pluto will surely think I am taking it easy all this
time, when really someone else is to blame. Our
honourable guide of souls ^ has had a drink of Lethe-
water up there if ever a man did, and so has forgotten
to come back to us he is either wrestling a fall with
:
the boys or playing a tune on the lyre or making

speeches to show off his command of piffle, or maybe
the gentleman is even playing sneak-thief, for that is
one of his accomplishments also. Anyhow, he takes
^ Hermes.
B 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Tcov T€)(y(ov. 6 5' ovv eXevOepidlêi Trpo<; rj/xa^;,
Kol ravra i^ i)fxi(jeia<^ rjfxerepo^ cov,
KAnen
It 06 oioa<;, CO Xapcov, ec rt? aa')(o\ia irpoae- 2
'rrecrev avro), rod Aio<; eTrl irXeov heri6evT0<; airo-
')(^pr)aaa6aL 7rp6<; ra dvco Trpdy/iara; SecTTror?;? Be
/caK€2p6<; icTTiv.
XAPHN
'AXX' ov')(^ KXcoOol, irepa rov fxirpov
oicrre, co
SecTTToêLv KOivov KTr]fjLaTO<;, iirel ovSe rjfiei^; irore

avToVy dinevai Biov, Kareo-^^rj/ca/jiev. dXV iyco
olBa Tr)v alrLav nrap rjficv puev yap da(j>6BeKo^
fjLovov Kol %oat Kol TTOTrava /cat ivayla/xara, ra
8' dWa ^G(f)o<; Kal 6jiii')(\rj fcal a/coro^, iv Be rw
ovpavM (paiBpa irdvra Kal tj re d/jL/Spoaia iroWrf

/cat TO vefcrap d(j)6ovov' ware rjBtov nrap' €K€ivoL<;
PpaBvveiv €OiK€. Kal irap rj/nayv jjlIv dvLTrrarai
KaOdirep eK Be(Tfia)T^]pLov tivo<; aTroBtBpdaKcov'
eireiBav Be Kai>p6<; /cartevai, a)(p\y Kal ^dBrjv
/jLoyt's TTore KaT€p-)(êTaL.
KAnen
Mi-)K6Tt )ya\€7rai,v€, o) ^dpcov TrXrjatov yap
auTO? 0VT09, ft)9 6pa<;, 7roWou<; Tiva<i rjfxlv dycov,
fxaWov Be cocnrep ri aliroXiov dOpoov^ avrov<i rf]
pd/BBo) (TO^cov. dWa
tovto; BeBefievov riva iv
tl
avTOi<; Kal dWov yeKodVTa opM, eva Be riva Kal
TDJpav i^r}fjL/jLevov koI ^vXov iv rfj %e£/3t exovra,
.
BpifjLv ivopMvra Kal tou? dWov<; iiTLCTTrevBovra.
ovx opa<; Be Kal rov ^JLpjuPp avTov IBpcori, peopêvov

Kol TO) TToBe k€Kovii.Upov Kal 7rv€V(TTtMVTa; /xeaTov
THE DOWNWARD JOURNEY
liberties with us as if he were free, when really
he is half ours.i
CLOTHO
But, Charon, how do you know that he hasn't
found something to keep him busy ? Zeus may have
wanted to make more use of him than usual in
affairs up above. He too is his master.
CHARON
Yes, Clotho, but he has no right to go too far in
playing the master over joint property, for we
on our part have never kept Hermes back when
he had to go. No, I know the reason here with :
us there is nothing but asphodel and libations and

funeral-cakes and offerings to the dead, and all else
is misty, murky darkness ;in heaven, however, it is
all bright, and there is ambrosia in plenty and nectar
without stint, so it is likely that he finds it more
pleasant to tarry there. And when he leaves us he
flies up as if he were escaping from jail, but when it
is time to come down he comes with reluctance, at
the last moment, slowly and afoot.

CLOTHO
Don't be angry any longer, Charon here he is
;
close by, you see, bringing us a lot of people, or I

should say waving them along with his wand, all in
a huddle, like a herd of goats. But what's this .''
There is a man in fetters among them and another

who is laughing, I see, and one fellow with a wallet
over his shoulder and a club in his hand, who has a
piercing eye and hurries the others along. Don't
you see, too, that Hermes himself is dripping with
sweat and dusty-footed and panting ? In fact, he is
^ Like a slave in the upper world, Charon identifies
himself with his master Pluto.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN .
daOfiajo^; avrqy to arofia. ri javja, w

rôvv
'Y^pîiy, Tk rj cTTTOvSr]; Terapayfievfo yap 'npîv
eoLKa<^.
EPMH5
Tt h' dWo, M tovtovI tov aXiTrjpiov
KXcoeol, rj
\t7r6v6(o^ vfJîP
tiiroSpavra fieTahcoKcov oXtyov Selv
T7]fi€pov i<yev6fit]v;
KAnen
idTiv; Ti l3ov\6iJL€VO<; aireUhpaaKe;
Tt9 S' Tj
EPMH2
Toi^tI ix€V irpo^v'ôv, on î]v
fidWov iô^vXero.
6'(jTt he âaiXeix; Ti9 V
Tvpavvo<;, airo yovv t(ov
Syv avaKcoKvei, iroWri^
rivo^ evhai-
ohvppiwv ical
/jLovia^; eaTeprjaOai
Xeywv.
KAnen
einpLMvai hv-
EI^' 6 ixdrato^ direhlhpaaKev,
co?
vdpLevo^, linXeKoiiTOTO^ V^l

tov iiriKefcXwafievov
avTti) v7]fiaTo<^;
EPMH2
t 'ATreSi^pacTKe, Xeyei^; el ydp ^ o jevvaLoraro^;
o5to9, ^vXov, (Tvv7]pyv(^6 fioL Kov (jvXXa-

TO
oix^TorjfMaâTTO^v-
BSvre^ avThv iSijaafiev, kKv
TrapeScoKev avrov^ V ArpoTro^,
ycîv d6' 0^ ydp pioi
dvrerecve Kai avreaira, kcli
Trap oXrjv t^v 6Sov
ov TravreXm
T^ iT6he dvrepeiScov irpk rh e'5a(/)09
Uereve Kav KareXc-
evdyoyyo, ^v Uore Sk Kctl
6XLyov a^co^v ^cai iroXXa
irdpei, dêOrivat irph,
iyco Se, coarrep 6./.09, ovk
Bcocrecv {jiricrxvovfievo,.
dhwdrcov ecpceêvov. eirsL Se kut
dvieiv opS^v
^Brj TO (TTofiiov ^fiev, ifiov
tou9 veKpov^;, a>9
avTO
6
gasping for breath. What's all this, Hermes?
What's the excitement ? You seem to be in a stew,
you know.
HERMES
Why, Clotho, this miserable sinner ran away and I
chased him, and so almost failed to make your boat
to-day, that's all I
CLOTHO
Who is he, and what was his object in trying to
run away ?
HERMES
—
That's easy to see he preferred to live .He is a
king or a tyrant, to judge from his lamentations and
the waihng that he makes, in which he makes out
that lie has had great happiness taken away from
him.
CLOTHO
So run away, thinking that
the poor fool tried to
he could live longer, when the thread of life ap-
portioned to him had already run short ?
HERMES
Tried to run away, do you say ? Why, if this
splendid fellow, the one Avith the stick, had not
helped me and we had not caught and bound him, he
would have got clean away from us. You see, from
the moment Atropos turned him over to me he kept
straining and pulling back every inch of the way,
and as he braced his feet on the ground he was by
no means easy to lead sometimes, too, he would
;
beg and entreat, wanting to be let go for a little

while and promising a heavy bribe. Of course I did
not let him go, for I saw that what he was after
was impossible. But when we were right by the
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eOo<;, aTrapLO/jLOvvTOf; tm AlaKM KaKcivov Xoyiô-
fjievov avTOV<; irpo^ to irapa rrj^; arj^; aSeX,^?}?
7r€/jL(f)0€V avTcp (tu/jl/SoXov, XaOoyv ovk ottco^; 6 oW
TpicrKardpaTOf; diricov oi'êro. iveSei, ovv v€Kpo<;
el? Tft) \oyL(T/jLa), /cat o KlaKO<; dvaT€iva<; rd^;
6(f)pV^,
" M^ 6771 TrdvTCOV, 0) ^piJbi)y (f)7](Ti,
**
%/3W
TTJ aXt? aoi al iv ovpavcp iraihiai' to.
KXeTTTiKT},
veKpMV he aKpi^rj koI ovSa/jLco<^ XaOeiv hvvdp,eva,
T€TTapa<;, ct)9 6pa<;, 77/309 Tot? 'X^CkiOi'^ e%6i to

avfijôXov e^Ksâpa'yfJievov'^, av he jmol Trap eva
rjKeiî d'ywv, el /jlt} tovto </)»;?, ft)9 'rrapaXeXoyiaTac
(T€ 7} "ArpoTTOf;.^^ i<ya> he epvOpidaa^; irpb^ rov
\6<yov Ta%ea)9 virepivrjaOriv rcov Kara ttjv ohov,

/cdireLhr] irepL^XeiTcov ovha/nov tovtov elhov, avvel^;
TTJV dnrohpaaiv ehiwKOv (h(; el')(pv rdôv^; Kara ttjv
dyovcrav TTyoo? to <^ft)9* eiirero he avdaipero^ fioi
6 /3eXTiO"T09 0L'T09, fcal oxrirep diro vcnrXriyyo^;
OeovT€<; KaraXa/jb^dvo/jLev avrov rjhr] ev Taivdpo)'
irapd roaovTOV rjXde htacpvyecv.
KAnen
5 'HyLt€t9 he, ft) ^dpcov, oXiycopiav i]hr] rod 'Rpp,ov
KaTeyLvcoaKOfiev.
XAPHN
Tt ovv en hia/neXXo/Jiev ft)9 ou^ Ifcavrjî tj/jLlv
y€y€V7)fjb€V7]<; hiaTpcl3r}<;;
KAnen
Eu Xeyecf;' epbâLvercoaav, eyot) he 'TTpo')(etpLaa-
fievr] TO ^l/SXlov /cal irapd Tr]v diro^dOpav /caOe-
8
entrance, while I was counting the dead for Aeacus ^
as usual and he was comparing them with the tally
sent him by your sister, he gave us the slip somehow
or other, curse him, and made off. Consequently we.
were one dead man short in the reckoning, and
Aeacus raised his eyebrows and said '' Don't be too
:
promiscuous, Hermes, in plying your thievery ; be

content with your pranks in Heaven. The accounts
of the dead are carefully kept and cannot be falsified.
The tally has a thousand and four marked on it, as
you see, and you come to me with one less. You
aren't going to say that Atropos cheated you in the
reckoning " What he said made me blush, but I
.''
speedily recalled what had happened on the way^

and when, after glancing about me, I did not see
this fellow anywhere, I perceived that he had escaped
and pursued Avith all the speed I could muster along
the road leading toward the light. My good friend
here followed me of his own free will, and by running
as if in a match we caught him just at Taenarus ^ :
that was all he lacked of escaping.

CLOTHO
And we, Charon, were condemning Hermes for
neglecting his duty, indeed !
CHARON
Well, why do we keep dilly-dallying as though we
had not had delay enough already.
CLOTHO
Right let them get aboard. I will hold the book
;
and sit by the gangway as usual, and as each of them
* Aeacus is the "collector of customs" (CAarcwi 2). The

idea was probabh' suggested by the Frogs of Aristophanes,
in which he figures as Pluto's janitor (464).
2 A promontory in Laconia where the ancients located one
of the entrances to Hades

; now Cape Matapan,
9
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
HKaarov
Koaivv, »9 ido,, i^^Haivovra '^^J^JlZ
âpaXa,,l3dvo>v a-roijiaKe Ka.
lp6nrov- ah hi
âvr, Kpo>Ta
avurWer cri, &L & '^P/^V^' ^^ veoyva
i^PaXov- tL yap &v Ka\ airoKpivaivTO ixor,
EPMH2
Tpia-
'l8ou aoi, ^ 7ropefiev,Tov apiOîhv ovtol
KOCTioL fxera t^v eKiiQep^kvidV.
iJKSi, aycov.
^^^^^ ^ ^ ^
ein tov-
BovXeL, J) KXoÔoi, to^9 uKXavarov^
'^
KAnen
ovrco Troiet tl yap
Toh<; y^povra^ Xiyec^;
vfêc^Trapcre ,;^>;.
Tperdôv/avTol vêp e^nôvra ra
ôvê^vajêvo^
riTovro; ovk iiraKOVOvai tovtov,
rdxa Ka.
ira iTrh r&v h^v. Sajae^
apdixevov Tiapayayelv.
EPMH2
Svelv Uovre, jerpaKoacoi
'l8ou irdX^v o5to.
^kêipoi Kai âO copav rerpv-
TaKspol 7ra.T69 fcal
At", eVel dcTTacjîBe^

ye iravre^ ^Brj elaL
N^
KAnen ^
,
rov-roi,, S, EpM, -napa-

Tok Tpav^Larla'; i-nl
yaye J -P"-" --- -'^"^^ ^^"'

aôeavovre,
MSS.
lO
comes aboard I will see who he is, where he comes
from, and how he met his death you receive them,
;
and as you do so, pack and stow them. Hermes,

heave these babies aboard first, for what in the world
can they have to say to me ?
HERMES
Here you three hundred of them,
are, ferryman,
including those that were abandoned.
CHARON
I say, what a rich haul ! It's green-grape dead
you have brought us.
HERMES
Clotho, do you want us to get the unmourned
aboard next ?
CLOTHO
You mean the old people ? Yes, for why should I
bother now to investigate what happened before the
flood ? ^ All of you who are over sixty go in now.
What's this ? They don't heed me, for their ears are
stopped with years. You will probably have to pick
them up and carry them in, too.
HERMES
Here you are again, three hundred and ninety-
eight, all tender and ripe and harvested in season.
CHARON
Good Lord, yes ! They're all raisins now !
CLOTHO
Bring in the wounded next, Hermes. (To the
dead) First tell me what deaths brought you
1 Literally, "before Euclid," the Athenian archon of 403

B.C.,the year in which the democracy was restored and the
misdeeds of the oligarchy obliterated by a general amnesty.
II
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
r'jfC€T6* /.laWov Se aM] Trpo? ra yeypafxfxjva vfias
TroXefiovvra^ ^nroOavelv khei xêji
lnTL(TKe^\roiJLai,
oySorjKOvra kui top
iv Mii^la rerrapa^ iirl rot?
'Q^vdpTOV VI ov fX6T avTcov Vcoffaprjv.
EPMH5
UdpeKTi"
koI 6
At' epoiTa avrov<; aTreacpaâv eirTu,
cJ)lX6(TO<Po^ Seajivi]^ St^
t^v iraipav rrjv Meya-
poOev.
EPMH2
OvTOLi TT\iri(JlOV.
KAnen
âaiX€La<; vtt" dWrjXcov
IIoO §' ol irepl T7J9
aTTodavovres;
EPMH2
Uapecnda-LV.
KAnen
'O S' VTTO rov fjioixov f<:cd ^^'5? yvvaiKk ôvev-
EPMH2
'Ihov cot irXrjaiOV.
KAnen
Tow? ifc BcKaarvpicov Sr^ra irapciyaye, \iyoJ
S'e T0U9 ifc rvfiTrdvou kuI tou? dveaKoXoTTLafxe-
8' VTTO XycTTMV diroOavovTe'^
eKKaioeKa
vov^. ol
TTOV eld IV y o) 'EpfMrj;
12
here —but no,I myself will refer to my papers and
pass you. Eiglity-four should have died in battle

yesterday in Media, among them Gobares, the son of
Oxyartas.
HERMES
Here they are !
CLOT no
Seven committed suicide for love, among them the
philosopher Theagenes for the courtesan from
Megara.^
HERMES
Right here beside you.
CLOTIIO
Where are the men who killed each other fighting
for the throne ?
HERMES
Here they stand.
CLOTHO
And the man who was murdered by his wife and
her lover ?
HERMES
There beside you.
CLOTHO
Now
bring in the output of the courts, I mean
those who died by the scourge and the cross. And
where are the sixteen who were killed by pirates,
Hermes ?
^ This man
can hardly be other than the Cynic of Patras
mentioned Passing of Perer/rimts, who died in the
in 7'Ae
reign of Marcus Anrelius. To be sure, Galen says he was
killed by his doctor (x, p. 909), but he may well have been
alive when Lucian wrote this.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
Udpeiaiv oWe ol rpavfiariai ou<; 6pa<;. ra? Se
yvvalfca^ afia jSovXei Trapaydyo);
KAnen
MaXtcrra, kol tou? aTTo vavaylcov ye afia- koX
yap TeOvacn^ tov 6/molov rpoirov. Kal rov<; cltto
Tov TTVperov Be, kol tovtov; afia, Kal tov Larpov
7 /x€t' avTcov Âyado/cXea. ttov S* 6 (^l\6(toô<;
KvvLa/co<;, ov eSei r^9 "EArar?;? rb SeciTvov (payovTa

Kal rd eK tmv KaOapaicov cpd Kal irpo^ toutoc^ ye
arjiTiav wfirjv diroOavelv;
KTNI2K02
YiaXai (TOi irapeaniKa, w êXriaTr) KXcoOol.
TL Se dhiKqaavTa roaovrov eta? dvo)
p.6 tov
ypovov; aê^bv yap oXov fJiOi tov aTpaKTOv eire-
KX(oo-a<;. KatTOL iroXXdKL^ iireipdOi^v to vf/fia
SiaKoyjra^; iXOelv, dXX' ovk oIS' 6ttco<; dpprjKTOV
rfv,
KXCIQD.
"^(popov (T€ Kal laTpov elvai tcjv dvOpcoinvcov

dfiapTTj/jidTcov direXifjiTTavov. dXXd e/j^/SaLve dyaOfj
KTNI2K02
Ma AT, Tjv pLi-j TTporepov ye tovtovI tov BeSe-
p.evov ifjL^LâacofMeda' BeBia ydp fiyj ere TrapaireLaTj
8e6/JLevo<i.
^ Kol yap TcOvaffi Schmieder : yap redyaai koI MSS.

14
HERMES
Here they are, these wounded men whom you see.
Do you want me to bring in all the women
together ?
CLOTHO
By allmeans, and also those lost at sea, for they
died in the same way. And those who died of the
fever, bringthem in together, too, and their doctor
Agathocles along with them. Where is the philoso-
pher Cyniscus, who was to die from eating the
dinner of Hecate and the lustral eggs and a raw
^
squid besides ?
CYNISCUS
I have been standing at your elbow a long time,
kind Clotho. What have I done that you should leave
me on earth so long.^^ Why, you nearly ran off your
whole spindle for me In spite of that, I have often
!
tried to cut the thread and come, but somehow or

other it could not be broken.
CLOTHO
I left you behind to observe and prescribe for
the sins of man. But get aboard, and good luck to
you.
CYNISCUS
No, by Heaven, not till we have put this man in
fetters aboard. I am afraid he may come it over you
with his entreaties.
^ The dinner of Hecate (mentioned also in Dialogues

of the
Dead, 1) was a purificatory ofiering made at cross-roads and,
to judge from Aristophanes {Plulus 594), very well received
by the poor. For the use of eggs in purification see Ovid,
Ars Amat. ii. 329 Juv. vi. 517. The raw squid is men-
;
tioned because Diogenes is said to have died from eating

one [Diog. Laert. 156 ab of. Philosophers for Sale, 10).
;
15
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KAnen
êp' tScO T69 icTTl.
KYNI2K02^
M€yaiT€V0r]^ 6 AaKvBov, Tvpavvo<;,
KAnen
MEFAPIENGHS ^ ^
MTjSafMm, w SiaTTOtva K\co6ol, aXXd /xe tt/K)?
KAnen
Tt Se eVrtz^ ov %a/?ti^ acpiKeaOat 6e\€L<;;
MErAnEN0H2
Trjv OLKiav ifcreXiaai, jjlol it
porepov iir it pey\roir
i)lJbi,re\r}<; yap 6 Softo?
KaToXeXuirrai,
KAnen
Kr]peh' aX\a e/Jb/Saive.
MErAnEN0H2 ^
iroXvv %/)oiôi/, w Mofc/:>a, «tTW- fiiav^

fie
Oi;
'iaaov aelvai TT^vhe 7)fjiipav, lixpi
dv ti iiriaK^j^ây
irepl t&v XpT^/ârwi', evOa

rov fieyav
rf) yvvaiKi
eixov Oqo-avpov fcaropcopvyfievov.
KAnon
"Apapev ovfc av Ti;%of9.
MEFAnENQHS
"ATToXeirai ovv %/3iô-o9 togovto^;
KAnen
OdppeL tovtov ye eWm* Me-
0{jK cWoXeXrai.
TrapaXyferai.
yaKX^l^ ydp avrhv 6 crh^; dveylnh^
EPM. vulg., MEF. Baar. Of. 3, end.
1 KYN. r :
16
CLOTHO
Come, let's see who he is.
CYNISCUS
Megapenthes,^ son of Lacydes, a tyrant.
CLOTHO
Aboard with you !
MEGAPENTHES
Oh no, good lady Clotho Do let me go back to
!
earth for a little while. Then I'll come of my own

accord, you will find, without being summoned by
anyone.
CLOTHO
Why is it that you want to go back ?
MEGAPENTHES
Let me finish my house first, for the building has
been left half-done.
CLOTHO
Nonsense Come, get aboard.
!
MEGAPENTHES
It's not much time
that I ask for, Lady of Destiny ;
let stay just this one day, till I can give my wife
me
directions about my money —
the place where I kept
my great treasure buried.
CLOTHO
It is settled ;
you can't be permitted.
MEGAPENTHES
Then is all that gold to be lost ?
CLOTHO
No, it will not be lost. Be easy on that score
your cousin Megacles will get it.
1 "Greatwoe."
VOL. II. C
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
MErAnEN0H2 , v , /i /
ov VTTO paOvfiia,
a T,'}^ v/Speco^' o ixOp6^,
eycoye ov ^poaireKreiva;
KAnen ,,
hi iii-Kviovri 67rK7<#>a?a?;
Ta Trai&ia
MErAnEN0H2
'AX\a vvv ifia v"-
KAnen ,
i^V'êc Toi xpovos V&'l ^^' KTr,cem.

OiKovp
MErAnEN0H2 „ v , '
"-•<^^''" ^"'^"""^
'""""
I«^r.po. Xf*--
MEGAPENTHES
W^hat an outrage My enemy, whom I was too
!
easy-going to put to death before I died ?

CLOTHO
The very man and he will outlive you forty years
;
and a little more, taking over your concubines and

your clothing and all your plate.
MEGAPENTHES
You are unjust, Clotho, to bestow my property on
my worst enemies.
CLOTHO
Why, did not formerly belong to Cydimachus,
it
and did not you take it over after killing him and
slaughtering his children upon him while the breath
was still in his body ?
MEGAPENTHES
But it was mine nov/.
CI.OTHO
Well, the term of your ownership has now expired .
MEGAPENTHES
Listen, Clotho, to something that I have to say to
you in private, with nobody else listening. (7o the
others) You people stand aside a moment. ( To ci.otho)
If you let me run away, I promise to give you a
thousand talents of coined gold to-day.
(LOTHO
What, you ridiculous creature, have you gold and
talents still on the brain }
MEGAPENTHES
And I'll give you also, if you wish, the two wine-
bowls that I got when I put Cleocritus to death :
they are of refined gold and weigh a hundred talents

each.
19
c2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KAnen
''EX/êre avrov eoiKe <yap ovk iTre/n^rjaeaOai
r]fUV €K(t)V.
MErAnEN0H2
M.apTvpo/jLai vfid<;, areXe? fievei to retô? fcal
ra vecopLw eêreXeaa <yap av avra iiri/BLOvî Trevre
ixova^ r)/jLepa(;.
KAnen
ÂfjbeXrjaov dWo<; Tet%iet.
MErAnEN0H2
Kal
.ai '
fjirjv TovTO ye
-^ '
iravrayf; evyvco/xov alrcj,
KAnen
TVO «
TTOLOV;
MEFAnENQHS
Et? Toaovrov iirLîoivai, p-ixpi' oiv viraydycofiat
ITicrtSa? ^ Kol AvBoL<; €7ri6co rov<;<^6pov<i koI fjuvrffxa
eavTU) irajjiiieyeOe'; avaaTrjaa^ iTrcypdyjrci) oiroaa
€7r paâ fieyaXa /cat (TrparriyiKa irapa tov ^Lov.
KAnen
Ol'to?, ovKen [xiav y/nepav ravrrjv atret?, aXXh
a')(ehov ecKoaiv eroiv hiaTpi^rjV.
MErAnEN0H2
10 Kat ixr)v iyyvrjra'; vfuv €toi/jLO(; TrapaaêaOai
TOV rdôvf; koI t?}? eiravohov. el ôvXecrde Be,
/cat avravBpov vjmv dvr efxavjov TrapaSoocra) tov
dyaiTT^Tov.
KAnen
^n fiiape, ov 7]V')(ôv iToWdKi<; virep 7^)9 Kara-
Xiirelv;
MErAnEN0H2
YidXai TavTa r^vyô iJbrjv vvvl Be opo) to jSeXTtov,
^ riepcros y.
20
CLOTHO
Hale him oiF: it seems that he won't go aboard
willingly.
MEGAPENTHES
I callyou all to witness, the town wall and the
docks remain unfinished. I could have finished them
if I had lived only five days longer.
CLOTHO
Never mind someone else will build the wall.
;
MEGAPENTHES
But this request at all events is reasonable.
CLOTHO
What request ?
MEGAPENTHES
To long enough to subdue the Pisidians
live only
and subject the Lydians to tribute, and to build
myself a huge mausoleum and inscribe on it all the
great military exploits of my life.
CLOTHO
Why, man, you are no longer asking for this one
day, but for a stay of nearly twenty years !
MEGAPENTHES
But I tell am ready to give bail for my
you I
speedy return. If you wish, I'll even surrender you

my beloved as a substitute for myself.
CLOTHO
Vile wretch Have not you often prayed that
! lie
might outlast you on earth ?
MEGAPENTHES
That was long ago, but noAv I perceive what is for
the best.
21
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KAHOn
''H^€t KaK€cv6<; aoi fxer 6\iyov viro tou vecoarl
l3acriX€voj'TO<; dvrjpi]/jLevo<;.
MErAnEN0H2
11 OvKOVV ci}\Xa TOVTO ye fjirj dvT€L7rr/<; co Alolpd
JjLOL.
KAnen
LO TTOiOV;
MErAnEN0H2
Yiiheuai ôvkojxai ra yLter' e/xe ofTiva eêt rov
rpOTTOV.
KAHOn
jidWov yap dviacrrj ptaOcov.
*'Akov€' rrjv puev
yvvaiKa MtSa? o hov\o<i ^^€L, koI iraXaL he avri^v
ipLoi')(evev.
MErAnEN0H2
'O Kardparof;, ov iyoo ireiOopbevo'^ avrfj d(f)r]Ka
iXevOepov;
KAnen
*H Ovydrrjp Se aoi rat? irdWaKiai rov vvvl
TvpavvovvTO'^ eyKaraXeyijcreTar at €Ik6v€<s ^ Be
fcal dvSpidvTe<; 01)9 rj TroXi? dvecmjcre ctol irdXai
7rdvT€<i dvareTpapL/jievoi yeXcora irapeôvat rot?
OewpievoL^.
MErAnEN0H2
EtVe piOL, TMV (piXcov Be ovSel*; dyavaKTrjaet^
Tol'^ 8po)pLevoi,<;;
KAnea
Tt9 yap Tjv (TOi (f)LXo<;; rj eK rlvo'^ aiTia<; yevo-
pLCPO';; dypoec<; on 7ravTe<; ol /cat irpoaKwovvre^
fcal TWJ> Xeyopuevcov /cal TrparropLevcov e/caara eVai-
^ at €lK6yes Fritzsche : cIkSvcs MSS.

2 ayavaKTTjaei K. Schwartz : ayayaKre? MSS.
22
!

CLOT HO
He too will soon be here^ you'll find_, slain by the
new ruler.
MEGAPENTHES
Well^ at all events don't refuse me this^ Lady of
Destiny.
CLOTHO
What ?
MEGAPENTHES
I want to know how things will turn out after my
death.
CLOTHO
Listen, for it will vex you all the more to know,
Midas_, your slave, will have your wife indeed, he
;
has been her lover a long time.
MEGAPENTHES
Curse him, I set him free at her request
CLOTHO
Your daughter be enrolled among the con-
will
cubines of the present tyrant, and the busts and
statues which tlie city long ago set up in 3'our
honour will all be ])ulled down and will make every-
one who looks at them laugh.
MEGAPENTHES
Tell me, will none of my friends get angry at these
doings ?
CLOTHO
Why, what friend did you have, and how did you
make him f Don't you know that all those who
bowed the knee and praised your every word and
deed did so either from hope or from fear^ being
23
;
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

ôjSm eXiriai ravra eSpcov, t^9 a/^X^^
vovvTe<; rj rj
KOl 7rp09 TOV KaipOV CLTTO I3\67T0VT€<;

6VT6^ <j)L\0l
MEFAnENeHS
Kal fJLTjv (TirevSovre^ iv T0t9 avfnroaloL^ fieyaXr)
TTj (j)(ovfj eiTijvxovro fiOL TToWa
Kol aya6d, irpo-
diroOavelv €KaaTO<; avrcov 6Toifio<;, el olov re ehar
KOl oXo)?, opfco^ avTOt<; rjv eyo).
KAnen ^ ^ ^
heiiTvr](ja<; aire-
avTwv
ToLjapovv Trap" evl
x<969
Oaver TO jap TeXevralov aoc irielv evexOev eKelvo
Bevpl KareiTefJiylre ae.
MErAnEN0H2 ^ ^
ToOt' apa iriKpov tlvo^ r]a66fii]v tL l3ov\o-
fjL€Vo<; 8e Tama eirpaê;
KAnen
TLoXkd fie dvaKpLvei^, ififSrivaL Uov,
MErAnEN0H2
12 "Ej^ yLte TTVijei fiaXiara, w K\(d6oI, ht oirep
eiToOovv KCiV^ irpo^ oXlyov k to </)W9 dva/cvfat
TToKiV.
KAnen
Tt he TOVTO eariv; eoLfce yap ti irafifieyeOe^
elvai.
MErAnEN0H2
KapiCJV 6 e>09 olK6Tr]<; eVel rdx^cTrdfAe a-TTO-
OavovTa eUe, irepl hei\riv o-^^riav dve\Ocov ek to

eKeipniv, crxo^l^ ov(Tri<;—ovheh ^ yap
oUvH'Ci evOa
ovBe ej>v\aTTe fie—VXyKepiov Tr]v iraWaKida
1 K&v S, Frilzsche : Koi other MSS.
24
o

friends of your power, not of you_, and keeping their
eyes on the main chance ?
MEGAPENTHES
But they poured their libations at our drinking
as
parties they used to pray at the top of their voices
that many blessings might descend upon me, saying
every one of them that he was ready to die for me if
so might be in a word, they swore by me.
;
CLOTH
Consequently, you died after dining with one of
them yesterday it was that last drink he gave you
:
that sent you down here.

MEGAPENTHES
Then w^hy I noticed a bitter taste.
that is But
what was his object in doing it ?
CLOTHO
You are asking me many questions when you ought
to get aboard.
MEGAPENTHES
There one thing that sticks in my throat above
is
all, Clotho, and on account of it I longed to slip

back again to the light of day, if only for a
moment.
CLOTHO
What is must be something tremendous.
that ? It
MEGAPENTHES
As soon as Carlo, my valet, saw that I was dead,
toward evening he came into the room where I lay,
having nothing to do, for nobody was doing anything,
not even guarding me, and brought in my mistress
Glycerium they had been on good terms a long time.
;
25
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
^rjy—Kal TrdXat 5e, olfMat, KeKOLVWvrjKecrav —
Trapaâ'yoiv i7ncnTa(Td/Ji€vo<^ rrjv Ovpav iairoSei
KaOciirep ovhevo<; evhov irapovTor elr' e-Treihri aXt?
eixe tt}? einOvfjiia^, aTro/SXeylra^ ek ifie,

*'
Zv
irXrjyd^^
fievTOL^ ^rfdlv, "CO fxiapov dvOpi^TTiOv,
ovSev dhiicovvri evereivar' Koi
jioi TToXkaKt^ ^
ravO' a/jua Xe^wv TraperiWe re fie koI Kara /c6ppr]<i

e-naie, reXo? he TrXarv %/?e/z-'v/ra/xez^09
KaTairrvaa^^
*'Et9 Tov 'AaeiSMV xf^pov aTTi6L,"
fiov Kai,
eireLTToyv cpX^ro' eyo) he eveTnp^TrpafiTjv fiev, ovk
elxov he tl /cat hpaaai/jLL avrov avo<;
o/x&)9 o
'phrj
inel
fcal -yfrvxpo^ ^^- '^^^^'^
V P't^ctpa he iraLhicnc-q^
^fr6ôv irpocTiovTwv rtvcov yorOero, cneXcp XPâaaa
Tov^ 6(pOa\fjiov^ &)9 hafcpvcxaaa eV^ ifiou,
kwkv-
ovo-a Koi Tovvofia einKaXov ixevr) aTrrjWdrTeTO.
oiv el \al3oi/JLr]v
—
KAfien
Vi UavauL direikojv, dWa e>/3r?^f fcaipo^ rjhv
(re diravrdv eirl rb hiKao-rrjpLOV.
MErAnEN0H2
Kal Tk d^LcoaeL Kar dvhpk rvpdvvov ylrrjcpov
XajSelv;
KAnen
Kara rvpavvov ovhek, fcard vefcpov he o
fiev
Kal
'Vahdfiavdv^, ov avTifca o-êi fidXa hUaiov ^
Kar dîav eTrniOevja efcdarcp ttjv hUrjv' to he
vvv ex^v P^h hidrpLpe.
MErAnEN0H2
Kdv IhicoTTiv p.e irotrjaov, o) Motpa, tmv tt€-
vrjrcov eva, Kciv hovXov dvrl tov irdXai

âaiXew^'
dva(3c(bvai pê eaaov p.6vov.
26
—

I suppose. Shutting the door, he began to make free
with her as though nobody was in the room, and
then, when he had enough of it, he gazed at me and
said " You wretched little shrimp, you often gave
:
me beatings when I was not at fault." With that he

pulled my hair and hit me in the face, and finally,
after clearing his throat raucously and spitting on
me, went away saying " Off with you to the place
:
of the wicked " I was aflame with rage, but could

not do a thing to him, for I was already stiff and
cold. And as for the wretched wench, when she
heard people approaching she smeared her eyes with
spittle as if she had been crying over me and
went away weeping and calling my name. If I
should catch them
CLOTHO
Stop threatening and get aboard it is already ;
time for you to make your appearance in court.
MEGAPENTHES
And who will dare to pass judgement on a tyrant?
CI.OTHO
On a tyrant, no
one, but on a dead man,
Rhadamanthus. You shall soon see him impose on
every one of you the sentence that is just and fits the
case. No more delay now ]
MEGAPENTHES
Make me even common man. Lady of Destiny,
a
one of the poor people make me even a slave instead
;
of the king that once I was. Only let me come to

life again I
27
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KAnen
oi; cTTti^ o TO ^v\ov; Kai crv o€, w hip/jur),
(TV par avTov eicTCd rod ttoSo^' ov yap av i/jL/Sali]
€KCOV.
EPMH5
"Ettou iÔ^*, Spairera' Seôv tovtov av, TTOpOfxev,
Kul TO Setpa,^ oTTft)? dcr(l)a\cb<; —
XAPHN
AfiiXet-, 7r/309 To^' larbv SeSycreTai.
MEFAnENQHS
Kat /Ar/i' eV rfj irpoehpia KaOeêaOai /xe Sel.
KAnen
''Ot^ tl;
MErAnEN0H2
''Ot^, vt] Ala, rvpavvo<=; tjv /cal hopv^6pov<; elx^v
[xvpiovs.
KTNI5K02
EIt' ov TraperiWev 6 Kâpucov ovtwgX
Si/catcof; ere
aKaiov ovra; iTLKpav 8' ovv rijv TvpavvlSa eêi^

yevad/ievo^ rod ^vXov.
MErAnEN0H2
ToX/jirjaei yap K.vvlaKO'^ iTravareivaaOai /xot
TO jBaKTpov; ovK iyct) ae 7rpu>T]v,on i\ev6epo^
dyav /cal rpa^v^; rjaOa Kal iinTip.TjTLKo^;, fXLKpov
Secv TT poaeTraTToXevcra;
KTNI2K05
Toiyapovv fxevel^ Kal av tm larw TrpoaTreTrar-
raXevfjuevo'^.
MIKTAA02
14 EtVe fJLOL, 0) KXcoOoL, ifiov Se ovSel^ vjmv X0709;
Tj BioTt 7revr}<} elfil, Bia rovro Kal Tekevralov i/j,-
^rjvab fie Set;
1 TJ Selva Fritzsche : rhv Sf7va MSS.

28
—

CLOTHO
Where is the man with the club ? You take hold
of him too, Hermes, and pull him in by the leg, for
he won't go aboard willingly.
HERMES
Come along now, runaway. (2*o charon.) Take
this fellow, ferryman, and see here mind you make —
sure
CHARON
No fear ! hebe lashed to the mast.
shall
MEGAPENTHES
But I ought to sit on the quarter-deck !
CLOTHO
For what reason ?
MEGAPENTHES
Because I was a tyrant, God knows, and had a
regiment of guardsmen.
CYNISCUS
Then wasn't
Cario justified in pulling your hair, if
you were such a lout ? But you'll get small joy of
your tyranny if I give you a taste of my club !
MEGAPENTHES
What, make bold to shake his staff
will a Cyniscus
at me ? Did not come within an ace of tricing you
I
up to a cross the other day because you were too
free-spoken and sharp-tongued and censorious ?
CYNISCUS
That is why you yourself will stay triced up to
the mast.
MICYLLUS
Tell me, Clotho, do you people take no account at
all of me ? Is it because I am poor that I have to
get aboard last ?
29
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KAnen
Av be Tt9 ei;
MIKYAA02
'O a/cvT0T6/jL0<; M.lkv\Xo<;.
KAnen
Klra ci')(6r) /SpaSvvoyp; ov)(^ 6pa<; oirocra 6 rvpav-
vo^ virKJ^veiTai hooaeLV aêêt? irpo^ 6\i<yov;
6av/jia yovv €)(et fie, el [irj ayaTrrjrij /cat aol r)
^laTpi^r],
MIKTAA02
"AKOvaov, 0) l3e\TLaT7] M.oip(ovov irdvv fjue rj rov
K.vfc\(O7T0(; eKeivq evc^paivei Scoped, vTTi,a)(i>e2adai
OTL " TTv/jiaTOv Tov OvTLv /CUT eBo fiat, ^^' dv re
iyci)
yovv TvpcoTOV, dv T€ irvfiaTOV, ol avTol 686vTe<i irepi-

fievovcrt-v. dWco^; re ouS* ojioia rd/ia to?9 tmv irXov-
aicov' €K Siafierpov ydprjfiMV ol îoL, (paalv 6 /lev
ye rvpavvo<; evSai/icov etvai Sokmv irapd rov /Siov,
<poêpb<^ diraai /cal 7r€pL/3\€7rT0<;, dTToXiiroov XP^~
aov ToaovTOV /cal dpyvpiov /cal iaOr/ra /cal iTTTrof?
/cat heliTva /cal iralha.^ a)pa[ov<; /cal yvvaL/ca<;
avrayv
ev/iopcfiov'^ 6tVoTft)9 rjvLCLTO /cal d7rocr7rd)fievo<;
r))(6eT0' ov yap olS* o7rco<; KaOdirep l^cp tlvl irpocr-
e;)(êTai rot? tolovtol^ rj '^v^r) /cal ov/c eOekei
diraWaTTeaOaL pahioi^ are avrot'^ irdXat irpocr-
rerriKvla' fidWov Be cocnTep dpprj/cTo^ ri^ ovro^
6 Be(Tfi6<i eaTLv, cS SeSeaOac av/ijSeffrj/cev avT0v<i.
dfieXec /cdv drrdyr] t^9 avrov^ /lera jBia'^, dvaKcoKV-
ovcTL /cal iKerevovai, /cal la dXka oVre? Opaael's,
SeiXol TTpo^ ravTijv evptcrfcovTac ttjv eirl rov^ÂiSyv
cfyepovaav oSov eTriaTpecpovrai yovv etV Toviriaco
30
CLOTHO
And who are you ?
MICYLLUS
The cobbler Micyllus.
CLOTHO
So you are aggrieved at having to wait? Don't
you see how much the tyrant promises to give us
if we will let him go for a little while? Indeed,
it surprises me that you are not equally glad of the
delay,
MICYLLUS
Listen, kind Lady of Destiny ; I have no great
liking for such gifts as the famous one of the
Cyclops, —to be promised *^*^ril eat Noman last of all." ^
In truth, be it first, be it last, the same teeth are in
waiting. Besides, my position is not like that of the
rich ; our lives are poles apart, as the saying goes.
Take the tyrant, considered fortunate his whole life
long, feared and admired by everybody ; when he
came to leave all his gold and silver and clothing and
horses and dinners and handsome favourites and
beautiful women, no wonder he was distressed and
took it hard to be dragged away from them. Some-
how or other the soul is limed, as it were, to things
like these and will not come away readily because
it has been cleaving to them long indeed, the ties
;
with which such men have the misfortune to be

bound are like unbreakable fetters. Even if they
are haled away by force, they lament and entreat,
you may be sure, and although they are bold in
everything else, they prove to be cowardly in
the face of this journey to Hades. At any rate,
they turn back and, like unsuccessful lovers, want to
1 Odyssey 9, 369
31
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KOI axTTrep ol BvaepcoTef} kclv iroppooOev aTro/SXeTreiv
Ta iv Tft) (^(otI ôvXovTao, ola 6 iJidraiof; iKelvo<^
iiroLei Kol irapa rrjv o8ov airohihpdaKwv KavTavdd
15 ere KaraXcirapcov. iyoo Be are fnjSev e%ct)z^ eVe%u-
pov iv T& ^L(p, ovK dypov, ov avvoLKiav, ov 'X^pvaoVy
ov (JK€vo^, ov hoâv, OVK elfcova^;, sIkotco^ ev^wvo^
rjv, KccTreiSr} pLovov rj "At/jotto? evevcre p.0L, dcrp.evo<;
aTToppi'â'; ttjv crpîXijv koX to Kdrrvpâ — Kprjirlha
yap TLva iv ralv ')(epolv el'xpv — dva7r7]Srj(Ta<; €vdv<;
dvvTToSrjTOf; ovSe ttjv pêXavTrjpcav dTrovLy\rdpievo<;
eiiTop^T^v, p^dXXov 8e rjyovp.rjv, e? to Trpoaco opcov ov-
Bev ydp p,€ Toiv KaToiriv iiredipeê /cat pêreKdXei,
KoX vr) Al ijBr) KaXa rd Trap vpZv irdvTa opo)' to t€
ydp laoTLpbiav diraaiv elvai, /cat /j,7]Beva rod irXrâiov
Bia<pepeLv, vTrepijBiarov ipol yovv Bokcl. refcpâupo-
p,aL Be pLTjB^ dirairelaOai, rd XP^^ tou9 6(f}eiXovTa<;
ivravOa pLYjBe (f)6pov<; viroTeXelv, to Be pêyiGTOVy
p,7]Be puyovv rod ê^yttwiô? firjBe voaelv firjB^ virb
roiv Bvvarcorepcov pairiêaOai. elprjvr) Be irdcn kol
IT paypara 69 to epîraXiv dvearpap^pieva' rjpuel^ puev
ol irevrjTe'^ yeXodpuev, dvcMvrat Be Kal olp^coôvaiv
ol irXovcnoL.
KAnen
IG TidXai ovv ere, co M.lkvXX€, yeXoivra ecopcov. t[
B^ Tjv 6 ere puaXLara iKivei yeXdv;
MIKYAA02
"Akovo-ov, ft) TLpîwraTrj p,oc decov TrapoiKcov dvca
T(p Tvpdvvcp ^ irdvv dKpi,^(o<; ecopcov ra ycyvopêva
Trap' avTcp /cat, pot, iBo/cet rore leroOeo^ t^9 elvar
TTJf; re ydp 7rop(f)vpa<; to dv6o<^ opcov ip,aKdpLôv,
Kal TOiV aKoXovdovvTeov to ttXtjOo^^ Kal tov
1 T^ rvpdfVff) Fi'itzsche •
'rvpdvyct) MSS.
32
gaze, even from afar^ at things in the world of light.
That is what yonder poor fool did, who not only ran
away on the road but heaped you with entreaties
when he got here. But as for me, having nothing at
stake in life, neither farm nor tenement nor gold
nor gear nor reputation nor statues, of course I was
in marching order, and when Atropos did but sign to
me I gladly flung away my knife and my leather (I
was working on a sandal) and sprang up at once and
followed her, barefooted as I was and without even
washing off the blacking. In fact, I led the way,
with my eyes to the fore, since there was nothing in
the rear to turn me about and call me back. And
by Heaven I see already that everything is splendid
here with you, for that all should have equal rank
and nobody be any better than his neighbour is
more than pleasant, to me at least. And I infer that
there is no dunning of debtors here and no paying of
taxes, and above all no freezing in winter or falling
ill or being thrashed by men of greater consequence.
All are at peace, and the tables are turned, for we

paupers laugh while the rich are distressed and
lament.
CLOTHO
Indeed, I noticed some time ago that you were
laughing, Micyllus. What was it in particular that
made you laugh ?
MICYLLUS
Listen, goddess whom I honour most. As I lived
next door to Sir Tyrant on eartli, I used to see quite
distinctly what went on at his house, and I then
thought him a very god for I held him happy when
;
I saw the splendour of his purple, the number of his
VOL. II.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
')(^pv(Tov kgX ra XiOoKoWqTa e/CTraj/xara koX Ta?
icXiva^ ra? apyvpoiroha^- en Se /cal rj Kvlaa rj
Twv afC€vaô/ji6vcov eh to helirvov aireKvaik fie,
ware virepdvOpwiTO'^ Ti9 avrip /cat TpLcro\îo<; fioi
Karecpaivero koX /jbOvovov')(l TrdvTwv ^ KaWiwv

Kot v'^rjXorepo'; o\(p irriyei âGikLKw, eiraLpo-
lievo<^ Tjj TV)(r] /cat cre/xz^w? Trpo/Saivcov /cal eavrov
e^VTTTui^cov fcal tou9 evTvy)(^dvovTa^ c/cttXtJttcov.
eTrel 8e direOavev, avro^ re 7rayy6\oio<; w(p07] fioi
aTToSuad-jLevo'; Tr]v rpvcp^v, hcdp,avTov eri. fidWov
fcareyeXcC'V KdOapjia
olov ereOiîreiv, diro tt}?
Kvi(T7]<^ TeKjxaip6iievo<^ avrov rrjv evSaLfxovlav /cat

/jiafcapi^cov iirl tm ai/uiaTi, rcov ev rfj AaKcovLfcfj
17 OaXdrrrj KO')(XiScov. ov fjiovov he tovtov, dXkd /cal
rov haveicrrrjv Tvltpcova IScov arevovra /cal fiera-

yivdxTKOvra on pur] direXavcre tCov ')(pr)p,dT(ov,
dW dyevaro'; avrcov uTriOave rw dadyro) 'Po-

ho')(^dpei T7]v ovaiav diroXiTTdyv, — ovto'^ yap
dyxîCTTa TJv avrw yevov<; /cal tt^wto? iirl rov
/cXrjpov i/ca\elro /card tov voj-lov — ovk ei')(pv ottco^
/caraTravcro} rov yeXcora, /cal pdXt-ara pê/j-vrjp.evo'^
o)? o))(pb<^ del /cal av'^p.7]pb<^ rjv, (ppovriSof; to

fieTcoTTOV dvdTrXeci)^ /cal pi6voi<^ toI<; 8a/cTv\oi,<;
ttXcvtoov, ot9 rdXavra /cal pivpidha<^ iXoyiêro,
Kara puKpov crvXXeycov ra p,er oXiyov e/c')(v07j-
(Topieva TTpo^ TOV pa/capiov ^Po8o)(^dpov<;. dXXd tl

OVK dTTepyxtpeOa ijSr]; /cal pieTa^v yap rrXeovTe^; tcl
XoiTrd yeXaaopeQa olpudyôvTa^ avToi)^ 6pcovT€'i»
1 iravTcci' Fritzsohe : not in MSS.
34
attendants, his plate, bis jewelled goblets, and bis
couches with legs of silver besides, the savour
;
of the dishes prepared for his dinner drove me to

distraction. Therefore he appeared to me a super-
man, thrice-blessed, better looking and a full royal
cubit taller than almost anyone else for; he
was uplifted by his good fortune, walked with a
majestic gait, carried his head high and dazzled all
he met. But when he was dead, not only did he cut
an utterly ridiculous figure in my eyes on being
stripped of his pomp, but I laughed at myself even
more than at him because I had marvelled at such a
worthless creature, inferring his happiness from the
savour of his kitchen and counting him lucky because
of his purple derived from the blood of mussels in
the Laconian Sea. And he was not the only one
that I laughed at. When I saw the usurer Giiipho
groaning and regretting that he had not enjoyed his
money but had died without sampling it, abandoning
his property to that wastrel Rhodochares, who was
next of kin to him and had the first claim on the estate
according to law, I could not control my laughter,
especially when I called to mind how pale and
unkempt he always was, with a forehead full of
worries, feeling his riches only with the fingers with
which he reckoned up thousands and tens of thou-
sands as he gathered in, little by little, what was soon
to be poured out by that lucky dog Rhodochares.
But why not go now ? We can finish our laughing
during the sail as we see them crying.
35
d2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
"E/jLâive, Iva /cal avi/jLjjcnjrai 6 iropOfxev^ to

(VfKVpiOV.
XAPHN
18 Ol'to?, iTol (f)^pr}; 7rX7}/36? ijSi] to cr/cd(f)0^' avTOv
TTepL/jieve et? avpiov ecoOev ae 8ta7rop6fi€iiaofjL€v.
MIKYAA02
ASi/C€t^, o) âpcov, €G)\ov I'-jhr] ve/cpov airo-
\i\iiTavwv' cLfieKei 'ypayôfxai ce irapavofiwv iirl
Tov 'VahafjbdvOvo^. ol/xol tcop fca/cwv -JjSi]
7r\eov(TLV' iyo) Sa fjLovo^ evTavOa jrepiKekei'ôfxai.

KaiTOi TL 01) 8iavj])(ô/LLaL fcaT avTov<;; ov yap SeSta
fit) dirayopevcra'^ aTTOTTViyod rjSr] TsOved)^' a\Xo)<;
T€ ovSe TOV 6ô\ov ex^cD Ta TropO/xela /caTa/BaXetv.
KAnen
Tl TOVTo; irepiixeLvov, o) Mt/cuXXe* ov Oe/iL<;
ovTco ae hiekOelv,
MIKTAA02
Kat [ir)v Lcrco<; vficjv /cal TrpoKaTa')(6r}(TOfiai.
KAnen
M7;Sa/A&)9, dWa TT poaeXdaavTe^; dvd\d^(o/jL€v
avTov /cal av, m *^pfjbrj, avvavdcnracrov.
XAPHN
19 Tiov vvv /caOeSetTat; jxeciTa yap jrdvTa, co?
6pa<;.
EPMH2
*E7rt Tov<; w/xoi;?, et So/cet, tov Tvpdvvov,
KAP.en
KaXw? 6 'EipjjLi]<^ evev6i]aev»
36
CLOTHO
Get aboard, so that the ferryman can haul the
anchor up.
CHARON
Hi, fellow Where are you going so f;ist ? The
!
boat is full already. Wait there till to-morrow ; we'll

set you across first thing in the morning.
MICVLLUS
You
are committing a misdemeanour, Charon, in
leaving behind you a dead man who is already high.
No fear, I'll have you up before Rhadamanthus for
breaking the law. Oh, Lord What hard luck ! I
They are saiHng already, " and I'll be left behind

here all But why not swim across in their
alone."
^
wake I'm not afraid of giving out and drowning,

?
seeing that I'm already dead Besides, I haven't an

!
obol to pay my passage.

CLOTHO
What's this? Wait, Micylhis you mustn't cross ;
that way.
MICVLLUS
See here, perhaps I'll beat you to the shore.
CLOTHO
No, no Come, let's row up and take him in.
I
Hermes, lend a hand to pull him in.

CHARON
Where shall he sit? The boat's full, as you see.
HERMES
On the shoulders of the tvrant, if vou like.
CLOTHO
A happy thought, that of Hermes !
^ The words form a trimeter in the Greek, perhaps a line of

comedy.
37
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XAPHN
'kvd/Satve ovv kol tov revovra tov akirrjpiov
KaraTrdrer r^fiel^ he evirXooyêv.
KYNI2K02
^fl XdpcDV, Kokm ra? ^ aXr]6eia<;
e%€t (TOi
^
evTSvOev elirelv. €70) fiev ovk av

tov^ 6ô\ov
exoifî^ Sovvat croi
fcaTairXeixrar TrXiov. yap ovhev
iart Tf79 Trrjpa^; 7]v opa^ /cat rovrovl tov ^vXov
irpoa-
raWa Be rj arrXeZy, el 6e\et^, €roLfio<; 77
^
ovhev, evripe^ fcal

fccoTTO^ ehar fjuepi^y he r)V
/caprepov fioL eperfjuov hw^ fiovov.
XAPHN
"E/)6TT6- Ka\ tovtI ycip Uavov irapa aov
\aBelv.
KYNI2K05
'^H Kal viroKeXevaai herjaei;
XAPflN
N^ Ata, ^'tvirep elhfi<; Kekevaiid re rwv vavri-
fCMV.
KYNI2K02
Olha fcal TToWd, w Xdpo)V.^ d\\\^6pa^, avr-
eTrrjxovatv ovtol haKpvovrer wcrre r^pTiv to aapâ
NEXPOI
20 Oi>oi T&)V KTr]/jLdTcov. — OifJiOi TMV aypwv.—
ra-
'OttotoI, Tr]v ol/ciav oluv diTe\i7rov.—"Oaa^
\avTa K\7]pov6fjbo^ airadrjcreL irapaXaâyv —
Mai TMV veoyvwv /jlol Traihiwy. —
Tt9 dpa Ta<^
dpuTTeXov^ Tpvyrjcjei, a9 irepvcJLV ecpvTevadfxrjv;
Fritzsche transposes (a.'rAeiV,

(e4\vs) '^TOifxos Kol MSS. fi^),
Cf. Charon 1.
38
CHARON
Climb up, then, and set your feet on the sinner's
neck. Let's go on while the wind is fair.
CVNISCUS
Charon, I may you the truth here and
as well tell
now. I shan't be able to pay you your obol when
we come to land, for I have nothing more than the
wallet which you see, and this club here. However,
I am ready either to bale, if you like, or to row ; you
Mill have no fault to find if you only give me a stout,

well-balanced oar.
CHARON
Pull an oar ; that will be enough to exact of you.
CYNISCUS
Shall I strike up a song, too ?
CHARON
Yes, by all means, ifyou know any of the sailors'
chanties.
CYNISCUS
I know plenty of them, Charon but as you see, ;
these people are competing with our music by cry-

ing, so that we shall be put out of tune in our song.
THE DEAD
(one) Alas,wealth my
(another) Alas, my
!
farms '.
(another) Alackaday, what a house I left

behind me (another) To think of all the thousands
!
my heir will come into and squander (another) !
Ah, my new-born babes (another) Who will get

!
the vintage of the vines I set out last year ?
39
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
MUvWe, ovSev olfi(o^€L<;; koI
(TV S' f^rjv ov
6€/jll<; dSa/cpurl ^LairXevaai riva.
MIKTAA02
"Airaye- ovSev eariv icj)' oro) av oljxwâiîi^
exjirXooiv.
EPMH2
"OyLtW9 KCiV fJLLKpOV TL €? TO eOo^ 6TTLaTeva^0V.
MIKTAi\02
Ol/jLcoô/jLai, Toivvv, eireLhrj, o) 'Epfjirj, (Jol Sofcet.
OlfJiOi TO)V KaTTV/JLarCOV OL/JLOC TMV KprjTTiScOV TMV

iroKaLMV orroroi rcbv craOpoov vTToSrjp.drcov. ov-
Keri 6 KaKoSaificov ecoOev ek eairepav daiTO'^
BiafievM, ovBe rod %6tyL6wi^09 dvvTroBrjro^^ re koI
'
r}fjLL'yvfivo<; TrepLVGaTijo-o) tov<; oSovra^ viro rov
fcpvov^ avy/cpoTMV. rt? apa fiov rrjv (TfiiXrjv eêv
KoX TO K€VT7]T}]pL0V;
EPMH2
'Ifcavm TeOprivi^rar (Txeôv Se r^hrj Karawe-
TrXevKaijiev.
XAPnN
21 "A76 Br] rd iTopOfiela irpoirov ijfilv diroBoTe-
fcal (TV 3o9- Trapd irdvrcov rjhrj e%a). ^09 koX av
tuv hpdXov, CO ^li/cvWe.
MIKTAA02
Uaiêc^, 0) KaO' vSaro^, (paauv, ypd-
Xdpcov, i)
(j)€i<; irapd MlkvXXov S')] " riva oôXbv irpoaBo-

Kcov. dpxv^ ê ovSe olSa el rerpdycovov ecmv 6
6ôXo<; Tj arpoyyvXov.
XAPnN
"II A:aX?79 vavri\La<; kol e-mKephov^ rijfiepov,
1 Bekker olnd'ô/xai, avoifiuôfiai, iiv otVw|a'âi

Uv oifJLwiaiixi :
MSS. ^ St7 Fritzsche : ^5tj MSS.

40
HERMES
Micyllus, you are not lamenting at all, are you ?
Nobody may cross without a tear.

MICYLLUS
Get out with you ! I have no reason to lament
while the wind is fair.
HERMES
Do cry, however, even if only a little, for custom's
sake.
MICYLLUS
Well, lament, then, since you wish it, Hermes.
I'll
— Alas, my scraps of leather Alas, my old shoes

I I
Alackaday, my rotten sandals Unlucky man that

!
I am, never again will I go hungry from morning to

night or wander about in winter barefooted and half-
naked, with my teeth chattering for cold WTio !
is to get my knife and my awl ?
HERMES
Enough weeping ; we are almost in now.
CHARON
Come, now, pay us your fares, all of you, the first
thing you do, (Zb micyllus) You there, pay yours
too 1 have it from everybody now.
; I say, Micyllus,
pay your obol too.
micyllus
You're joking, Charon, or if not, you might as well
write in water as look for an obol from Micyllus. I
haven't the slightest idea whether an obol is round
or square.
CHARON
What a fine, profitable cruise this has been to-day !
41
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
aiToâiveTe 6' o/ao)?- €70) he lttttov^ koI pov<; fcal
Kvva<; fcal ra Xolttcl fwa fiereifir hiaifXevcai âp
rfhri KOLKelva hel.
KAfien
"Airaye avTOV<;, o) 'E/q/xt), TrapaXaScov 670; Be
avri] eV to avTLirepa^; avairXevaovpiaL 'ivho-ndTrjv
KOI 'Hpa/xi6pvv Tou? tripa<; hidôvaa' reOvdcri
ryap Brj 77^009 dWrjXwv nepl 77)9 opoav fiaxofêvoi.
EPMH2
Upotcofiev, o) ovTor pâXKov he iravre^ effy9
eiredOe pboi.
MIKTAA02
22 'WpcLKXeiî, rov ôcpov. iroy vvv 6 fcaXo^
^Vl ^
MeycWo^; rj tw Biayixp Ti9 evravOaêl^ KaWlcov

^pvvr]<; ^LpLiX^r, iravra yap la a koI opôXROa koI
ovBev ovre koXov ovre kclXKlov, a>X rjhr)^ koX
to
TpijScoviov T€co9^ apLopcpov elval pôi hoKOvv
laoTLp.ov
yiyverai rfj 7rop(j)vpiSi rod âaiXem' dcâvy) yap

dp^cpo) Koi v-TTO Tft) avTW (TKOTM KaTahehvK6Ta.
Kvvi(JK€, (TV he TTOv irore dpa wv Tvyx^vei<;;
KYNI2K02
"EvravOa Xeyco aoi, MtVuXXe- d\X dp.a, el
hoKel, Pahii^wpbev.
MIKYAA02
Eu Xeyeir e>â\e p.oi tt]v he^cdv^. elrre p.01,
eVeXecT 6*779 ydp, w ILvviaKe, hrjXov on, ra
'Ekev-
alvia—ovx opôca to2<; e/cel ra evddhe gov hoKet;
KTNI2K02 ^ ^
- irpoaepxeTat hahovxovaa
Ev Xe7€t9- Ihov yovv
1 t4<ds Cobet : irpoT^pov rews MSS.
' yovv Fritzsche ; olv MSS.
42
Ashore with you, all the same. I am going after
horses and cattle and dogs and the rest of the animals,
for they have to cross now.
CLOTHO
Take them in charge, Hermes, and lead them off.
1 mvself will go back to the other side to bring

over the Chinamen Indopates and Heramithras, for
they have just died fighting with one another over
boundaries.
HERMES
Let's move on, good people — or better, all follow
me in order.
MICVLLUS
Heracles, how dark it is Where now is handsome
!
MegilKis, and who can tell here that Simiche is not

more beautiful than Phryne ? All things are alike
and of the same colour, and nothing is either beautiful
or more beautiful indeed, even my short cloak,
;
which till now I thought ugly, is as good as the

purple mantle of the king, for both are invisible and
submerged in the same darkness. Cyniscus, where
in the world are you ?
CYNISCUS
Here I am, talking to you, Micyllus. Come, let's
walk together, if you like.
MICYLLUS
Good Give me your hand. Tell me for ot
! —
course you have been through the Eleusinian
Mysteries, Cyniscus —
don't you think this is like
them ?
CYNISCUS
Right you are ; indeed, here comes a woman with
43
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Tf9 (j)o^€pov Ti KOi a7reLK7)TLKov IT poa ^XeiTOvaa, rj
dpa TTOV 'l^pcvv<; iarcv;

MIKTAA02
'
KoiK€V aiTo ye tov G")(r)fiaTO<;,
EPMH5
23 YlapaXalBe tovtov<;, w TLcri(f)6vr], rerrapa^; evrl
T0t9 %tXtO£9.
TI2I*0NH
Kal /ji^]v iTciXai ye o ^Vahdfxav6v<; ovto<; vpLa<;
rreptjuievet,
PAAAMAN0T2
iLpocraye avTovs* w ihpLVV. av oe, cu tipfjui],
icrjpvTTe Kol irpoaKoXei.

KYNI2K02
^n ^VahdfxavOv, rov Trarpo^;
Trpo^; e/jue irpoorov
^TTi(TKe-âi irapayayoov.
PAAAMAN0T5
T/i'09 €V6/ca;
KYNI2K02
YlcivTO)^ ffovXofiaL fcanjyoprjaaL Tvpdvvov tivo<;^
a crvveTTiCTTa/Liai Trovrjpa SpdcravTL avrw irapa rov
îov. ovK, dv ovv d^LOTTiaTO'^ etrjv Xeycov, /x?;
ov^l TTporepov avro'^ (f)av€l<; oloî eljXL Kal olov

TLva i/Sicocra rov rpoirov.
PAAAMAN0Y2
It? oe (jv;
KYNI2K02
}^vvia/co<;, co dpcare, ttjv yvdy/jirjv (f)LXocro(f)o<;,
PAAAMAN0T2
AeOyo' iXOe /cat tt/jcoto? eh rrjv Slktjv KaTdartjOi,
(JV Be 7Tpo(TKd\eL tov^ KaTrjyopov<i.
^ rvpavvov rivhs Fritzsche : riyos MSS. Cf. 24, end, 25.
44
a torch, who looks very fierce and threatening. Do
an Erinys ^
you suppose it is ?
MICYLLUS
Probably, to judge from her appearance.
HERMES
Take these people in charge, Tisiphone, a thousand
and four.
TISIPHONE
Indeed, Rhadamanthus here has been awaiting
you this long time.
RHADAMANTHUS
Bring them before me, Erinys. Be crier, Hermes,
and summon them by name.
CYNISCUS
Rhadamanthus, in the name of Zeus your father
I beseech you to have me up first and judge me.
RHADAMANTHUS
For what reason ?
CYNISCUS
Come what may, I wish to prosecute a certain tyrant
for the wicked deeds that I know him to have done
in life, and I cannot expect to be believed when I
speak unless I first make it plain what sort of man I
am and w hat sort of life I led.
RHADAMANTHUS
Who are you }
CYNISCUS
Cyniscus, your worship, by profession a philosopher.
RHADAMANTHUS
Come here and be tried first. Call the plaintiffs.
^ The Erinyes, or Furies, were Alecto, Megaera, and

Tisiphone. Tiie torch of Tisiphone enhances the resemblance
to the Mysteries, which were carried on by torch light.
45
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
24 . Et Tf9 KvviaKOV tovtovI Karrjyopei, Sevpo
TTpOaLTCO.
KTNI2K02
Ouêt? irpoaepxerai.
PAAAiyiAN0T2
'AW' LKavov TOVTO, 0) KvvlaKe' airohvOt
ov')(^
Si, OTTco^ einaKoiT'qacd ae airo twv crrcy/jLCLTcov.

KTNI2K02
Hov yap iyo) crTLy/jLarLa^ eyevopLrjv;
PAAAMAN0Y2
'OiToaa civ Tt? uyLicoz^ TTovqpa ipydarjrai irapa
Tov jBlov, Ka6' e/cacTTOv avrcov acâvrj aTiy/jLara
iirl rrj^ '^^XV^ irepLcpepeL.
KTNI2K02
îSov (70 L yvfJLVO<^ irapeajriKa' oycJTe ava^t'jrei
ravra airep av ^r;? ra ariyixaTa,
PAAAMAN0T2
}La6apo<; ovtoctI ttXtjv tovtcov rpicjv
co? eTTiTrav
rj reTTapcov dfiavpcbv Trdvv /cat daa(j)0)v (mypidTCDv.
Ka'noL rl tovto; iX^V y"-^^ ^'^^ aiijxeia iroWa

TMV iy/cavfjidrcov, ovk olSa Se ottco^ eâXTJXLTrrai,,
/jbdXXov Be 6/CK€K07rrai. ttoj? ravra, w K.vvLa/<:€, r)
TTW? Kadapo^ ef virapx*)^ dva'7T€(j)7]va<;;
KTNI2K02
*Eiyd) <JOi irdXai 7TOV7)po<^ hC diraiSev-
(ppdcro)'
alav y€v6fievo<^ Kal TroWd Sia rovro 6'/x7roX?/cra9
(Triyfiara, iTreiSij rdîâra (j)L\oao<êlv rjp^djjLi^p
fcar oXiyov uTrdaa'i ra<i /CTjXlSa'i €k t/}9 '^v^V^
d7r€Xovad/jL7]v.
46
HERMES
If any one has charges to prefer against this man
CyniscuSj let him come this way.
CVNISCUS
No one comes.
RHADAMANTHUS
But that isnot enough, Cyniscus strip yourself,
:
so that I can judge you from the marks on your

back.
CYNISCUS
Why, how did I ever come to be a marked man ?
^
RHADAMANTHUS
For every wicked deed that each of vou has done
in his life he bears an invisible mark on his soul.
CYNISCUS
Here I am naked, so seek out the marks you
mention.
RHADAMANTHUS
The man altogether free from marks, except for
is
these three or four, very faint and uncertain. But

what is this ? There are many traces and indications
of brandings, but somehow or other they have been
erased, or rather, effaced. How is that, Cyniscus,
and how is it that you looked free from them at
first ?
CYNISCUS
I will tell you. For a long time 1 was a wicked
man through ignorance and earned many marks
thereby but no sooner had I begun to be a philoso-
;
pher than I gradually washed away all the scars

from my soul.
^ As ffTiyfiuTtas (branded man) was applied to rogues in
general, there is a slight word-play in the Greek also.
47
;
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

PAAAiyiAN0T5
AyaOw ye ovto^ koL dvvaL/jbcordrq) 'X^p'qadfxevo^;
TO) (jyapjiaKW. aXA, cnridc e? ra^; ^laKapcov
vr}aov<; rol<; dpi(jTOL<; (TweaopLevo^, Kari^yoprjaa';
ye Trporepov ov ^?;9 rvpdvvov. dWov^ Trpoa/cdXei.
MIKTAA05
25 Kal TOvpLov, co ^VaSdp.avOv, puKpov ecrrc koI
Ppaêia'^ tlvo<; iêTdcreco^; heopbevov irdXat yovv
aoi /cat yvpiv6<^ elpn, cocrre iirtcrKOTret.
PAAAMAN0Y5
it? 06 cov rvy')(âveL<;
MIKYAA05
'O (TKVTOTOpLO^ M//CfXXo9.
PAAAMAN0T5
El* ye, CO M.LKvW€, /caOapo^; dKpL/3cb<; koX dv-
e7Tiypa(ô<^' airiOi koI av irapa YLvviaKov tovtovL
Tov Tvpavvov '^St] irpoaKdXii.
EPMH2
yieyairevOrjf; AaKvSov rjKirco. irol (Trpe<îj;
TTpoaiOi. ere rov rvpavvov TrpoafcaXco. Trpo/SaX^
avTov, CO TLcri(f)6v7], e? to piecrov eirl rpd')(^r)Xov
oaOovaa.
PAAAMAN0T2
^v Se, CO K.vviaK6, Kar^jyopec fcal SL6X€y)(ê 7]S7i'
TrXrjaLOV yap dvrjp ^ ovtoctl.
KTN12K02
26 To oXov ovhe Xoycov eSer yvway yap avrov
piev
avTLKa pudXa ol6<; eariv diro rcov aTiypârcov.
opLO)^ Be AcauTO? aTro/caXvylrco aoL tov dvSpa xd/c rod
Xoyov Seiô) (f)av6p(orepov. ovroal yap 6 rpiafcard-
^
avrip Sommei'brodt : autjp, 6 av}}p MSS.
48
RHADAMANTHUS
At any he made use of a cure that is sound
rate
and very efficacious. Wêll, go your way to the Isles
of the Blest to live with the good, but first prosecute
the tyrant you spoke of. Hermes, summon others.
MICVLLUS
My case alsoa trifling one and needs but a short
is
investigation. In fact, I have been stripped and

waiting for you a long time, so inspect me.
RHADAMANTHUS
Who are you ?
MICVLLUS
The cobbler Micyllus.
RHADAMANTHUS
Good, Micyllus, you are quite clean and unmarked-
Be off and join Cyniscus there. Call the tyrant now.
HERMES
Let Megapenthes, son of Lacydes, come this way.
Where are you turning to ? Come here It is you I
I
am calling, tyrant. Thrust him in among us, Tisi-

phone, with a push on the neck.
RHADAMANTHUS
Cyniscus, open your prosecution and state your
case now, for here is the man.
CYNISCUS
On the whole, there is no need of words you ;
will at once discover what sort of man he is from

his marks. But in spite of that I will myself unveil
the man to you and show him up more plainly. All
49
VOL. II. B
,
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

paro^ oTTocra /xev lSicoTy<; cov eirpaê, irapoKeiyêLV
fioc 8o/ca)' eVel Se tou? Opaavrdrov^ TTpocrerai-
pLadjêvo^;^ /cat hopvôpov<; (jwayayoov eiravacrTaf;
TTJ TToXei Tvpavvo^ Karicm], ciKpirov^; fiev dire-
fcreive 7r\€L0va<^ 7] /.Lvpiov<;, tw; Se ovaia^ eKacnoyv
d(f)aLpovfi€PO(; kol ttXovtov Trpo? to d/cporarov
d(f)LK6fj,€V0(; ovSefdav pev uKoXaaia'^ ISeav irapa-
\e\oL7rev, oLTrdcrr} kol v/Spei Kara roiv
Be oyp.oT'tjTL
dOXicov TToXiTcov e')(^prj(Taro, irapdevov^ hiaÔeipwv

fcal 6(f)j]l3ov(; KaTaLa')(yvo}v fcal irdvra rpoTTOU
TOL<; {jTTTjKooif; epîrapoivcov. kol v7repoyfrLa<; puev j€
fcal Tv<j)Ov Kol Tov irpo'^ tov^ ivrvy)(^dvovTa<; cf)pv-
dyp.aTO<s ovSe /car dîav Svvato av irap avrov
Xa/Setp Ti-jv SiK7]V' paov ^ yovv rov ifKiov av 'ri<^
7j TovTOv daKapSapv/CTL Trpoae^Xeyjrev. ov pijv
dXXa^ KOL TMV KoXdaecov to 77/309 Q)p,oTi]Ta Kai-
vovpyov avTov Tt9 av BirjyrjcracrOat Svvairo, o?
y€ p,r]Se tmv ol/cetordrcDV dTrecrêro; /cal ravra
on 1X7] dXXo)(; Kevrj ri^ iarc Kar avrov SiaôXy,
avTi/ca e'icrr/ iTpoafcaXeG'a<; tol/? vii avrov irecô-
vevp,evov^' pdXXov Se aKXrjTOi, d)<; opa<i, Trdpeicri
fCal TT€pi(JTdvTe<s dyyovGiv avrov. ovroi rrdvre^,
o) ^PaSdp.av6v, rrpo^ rod dXirr]pLOv reOvdaLv, ol
pev yvvaiKcov eveKa evpopcpcov eir LJSovXevO evre<^
OL he vUcov dirayopêvcov ttôo? v^piv dyava/crrj-
(Tavr€<i, ol Se ore errXovrovv, ol he on yaav
heîol Kal a(t)(j)pov€<; kuI ovhapbov i)peaKOvro rot?
hpcopievoi^.
^ TTpocTCTaipicrdixevos Jacobitz : irpoffeTaipovfxevos, irpoffenaipS'

fieuos MSS.
^ paov BenLley : paSiov MSS.
*
aWa. Bekker : not in MSS.
50
tliatthe cursed scoundrel did while he was a private
citizen I intend to pass over but when he had
;
leagued himself with the boldest men and had got

together a bodyguard, and so had set himself over the
city and had become tyrant, he not only put to
death more than ten thousand people without a
hearing but confiscated their properties in each case ;
and after he had made himself extremely rich, he

did not leave a single form of excess untried,
but practised every sort of savagery and higli-handed-
ness upon his miserable fellow-citizens, ravishing
maids, corrupting boys, and running amuck in every
way among his subjects. And for his superciliousness,
his pride,and his haughtiness toward all he met you
never could exact from him a fitting penalty. It
would have been less dangerous to look steadily at
the sun than at this man. Then, too, in the matter
of punishments who could describe liis cruel inven-
tiveness? Why, he did not even let his closest kin
alone !And that all this is not mere empty calumny
against him you will soon find out if you summon
—
up the men he murdered but no, they are here
unsummoned, as you see, and press about him and
throttle him. All these men, Rhadamanthus, have
met their death at the scoundrel's hands, some of
them entrapped in plots because of pretty wives,
others because they were angry on account of sons
outrageously kidnapped, others because they were
rich, and others because they were honest and decent
and did not like his actions in the least.
51
F 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
PAAAMAN0T5
27 Tfc 7rpb<; ravra cj)7]<;, o) fjutape av;
MErAnEN0H2
Tou? <^6vov<; elpyadfjuaL ov^ Xeyei, ra 3'
fjbev
aXka ra? jjuorêia'^ /cal ra? tcov i(j)i]â)v

TTOLvra,
v^p€t<; Kol ra? SLacpOopa^ tmv irapOevcdv, ravra
TTavTU YivviaKO<^ /jLOV Kare-xlrevaaro.
KYNI2K02
OvKOvv KOI TOVTcov, 0} 'PuSd/jLavOv, Trapeô) aot
fjbdpTvpa'^.
PAAAMAN0Y2
îva<; TOVTOv<; \eyeL<;;
KTNI5K02
Tipoa/cdXei p.oc, cu "Ejp/jLrj, rov \v)(vov avrov kclL
Tr)v KXivTjv' fJuapTvprjCTOvaL yap avrol irapekdov-
re?, ola Trpdrrovrt o-vvrjiriaravTO avrS),
EPMH2
'H K.\Lvr) fcal 6 Avîôf; 6 MeyairevOov^; irapecr-
Tcov.^ ev ye eTroirjaav vTraKovaavTe^,
PAAAMAN0Y2
EtTrare ovv v/jl6i^ a avpLare MeyaTrivOet rovro)'
TTporepa Be av rj KXtvr] \eye.
KAINH
Udvra dXrjOrj KaTrjyoprjae I^vvlctko^. iyo) fievTot
ravra elirelv, &> SicTTrora Pa8d/iav0v, ala")(yvop,ai'
TOiavra r)v a eV epov SieTrpdrrero.
PAAAMAN0T2
SaêcTTara pev ovv KajapbapTvpeh p^rjBe el-
irelv avrd viTopbevovcra. Kal av Se 6 Av)(^vo<; rjSr]
pâpTvpei.
^ TTap€(rrojv Cobet : napfarw MSS.
52
RHADAMANTHUS
What have you to say to this,you villain ?
MEGAPENTHES
The murders which he speaks of I did commit,
but in all —
the rest of it the intrigues, the outrages
against boys and the injuries to girls —
in all that
Cyniscus has maligned me.
CYNISCUS
Then for that too, Rhadamanthus, I shall produce
you witnesses.
RHADAMANTHUS
Whom do you mean ?
CYNISCUS
Hermes, please summon up his lamp and his bed,
for they will appear in person and testify to the
things that they know he has done.
HERMES
Bed and Lamp of Megapenthes, appear. . .
They have been so good as to comply.

RHADAMANTHUS
Now then, tell us what you know this man
Megapenthes to have done. You speak first. Bed.
BED
All that Cyniscus has charged is true. But I am
ashamed, Rhadamanthus, my lord, to speak of these
matters, such were the deeds he did upon me.
RHADAMANTHUS
Well, you give the clearest of testimony against
him by your very reluctance to speak of the facts.
Now, Lamp, it is your turn to testify.
53
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
AYXN02
'E7cb ra /xed' Tjjjbepav fiev ov/c elSov ov yap
TTaprjV' a he twv vv/croyv eVotei koI eiraa'Xj^v,
o/cvM \eyeiv' TrXrjv aWa ye iroWa
ideacrd/jLrjv
KOi apprjTa fcal iraaav v/3pLV virepTTeiraLKora, Kai-
TOL 7ToWd/CL^ eKcov TouXaiov ovK eiTLvov diToa^r]vai
OeXcov 6 Be /cat Trpoarjye fie rot? Spco/jLevoL^; koX to
(^W9 fMov irdvra rpoirov Kare/jilaLvev.
PAAAMAN0T2
28 '
AX/9 r/S?; TMV /jLaprvpwv. dWa /cal diroBvOi rrjv
TTOpcpvpiSa, Lva TOP dpiOfjiov iBco/jLev tmp arcyfidrcov.
iraTTai, 6\o<; ovto<; TreXiSvo'^ koI Kardypacpo^, jjloK-
Xov Se Kvdveo^ ecmv dirb tmv aTLyfidrcov. rlva av
ovv KoXaaOeLT] Tpoirov; dp e? rbv HvptcpXeyeOovrd
iariv €fjL/3Xr]Teo(; rj 7rapa8oTeo<; rfo K.epffep^;
KTNI2K02
M.7]8a/jbct)<i' dXX el OeXei.<;, eyco ctol Katvrjv rwa
/cal TTpeirovaav avrw Ttfioapiav vTroOTJao/xat,.
PAAAMAN0T2
A €76, ft)9 eyco (TOL /jbeyLarrjv eVt tovtco %a/)ti^
ec (TO fiat.
KTNI2K02
"Eô? icTTLVy ol/jiai, rot? diroOvridKovGL irdcn
TTivetv TO Ar)6rj<; vScop.
PAAAMAN0T2
Udvv jxev ovv.
KTNI2K02
OvKovv fiovof; ouTo? ef dirdvTcov diroro^ edTco,
PAAAMAN0T5
54
LAMP
did not see what happened by day, for I was
I
not there, and what went on at night I am loth to
say I Avitnessed many things, however, that were
;
unspeakable and overleaped the bounds of all

outrageousness. In fact, I often tried of my own
accord to keep my wick from drinking the oil, for I
wanted to go out but he for his part even put me
;
closer to the scene and polluted my light in every

way.
RHADAMANTHUS
Enough witnesses Come, strip off your purple robe
!
that we may see the number of your marks. Well,

well The fellow is all livid and crisscrossed indeed,
! ;
he is black and blue with marks. How can he be

punished ? Shall ]ie be thrown into the River of
Burning Fire or turned over to Cerberus ?
CYNISCUS
No, no ! Ifyou like, I will suggest you a punish-
ment that is new and fits his crime.
RHADAMANTHUS
Speak out ; I shall be most grateful to vou for
it.
CYNISCUS
customary, I believe, for
It is all the dead to drink
the water of Lethe ?
RHADAMANTHUS
Certainly.
CYNISCUS
Then let this man be the only one not to drink
it.
RHADAMANTHUS
Why, pray ?
55
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KTNI2K02
XaXeTrrjv ovrax; {xêêirr^v BUvv f^€fMvr)fj.6V0^
oh^
avWy KalâvaTrefMTraô-
Tjv Kol oaov rjSvvaro ev T0t9
iievo^ rrjv Tpv^rjV.

^ PAAAMAN0T2
koI KaraSeSi/cdo-Oo) fcal irapa jov
Ev Xeyetî'
o)V eiTpaê irapa tov /Blov,
56
CYNISCUS
He willpay a bitter penalty in that way, by
remembering what he was and how much power
he had in the upper world, and reviewing his life
of luxury.
RHADAMANTHUS
Good !Let sentence stand in that form, and let
the fellow be taken off and put in fetters near
Tantalus, to remember what he did in life.
57
ZEUS CATECHIZED
Cyniscus interviews Zeus on predestination and free will,
and on the raison dj'etre of the gods. The dialogue is
written from the Cynic standpoint against the Stoics, and is
one of those showing Menippean induence. It stands in
somewhat the same relation to the Icaromenippus as the
Downward Journey to the Menij^pus.
ZET2 EAErXOMENOS
KTNI2K02
*Ey(i) Se, CO Zed, ra
fjuev roiavra ovk ivo')(\,r)GO}
are 7t\ovtov i) ')(^pvaov rj âaiXeiav alrcov, airep
evKTaiorara rot? TroA-Xot?, (toI 5' ov irdvv paSia

jrapaayelv opco yovv ae ra irdXka irapaKOvovTa
€V')(opLev(i)V avTcov. ev 8e, kol tovto paarov,
iôv\6/jL7]v irapa aov jjlol yeveaOai.
ZEY2
TOVTO icFTLV, 0) K.vvia/C€; ov 'yap aTi^^r;cre«9,
Tfc
KoX pLoXiaTa /jLGTpicov, CO? (f)'}]<;, Seojuievo^;.

KYNI2K02
KiroKpLvai p.ot irpo^ TLva ov 'Xâ\e7Tr]v ipcoTrjaiv,
ZET2
M.tfcpd ye fo)9 d\rj6a}<^ 77 ev')(r] /cat Trpo^^Lpof;'
oiCTTe epcoTa oiroaa av eOeXj]'^,
KYNI5K05
'Ihov TavTa, &> ZeO- dviyvco^; yap SyXov otl Kal
av TCL 'OpLTjpov fcal ^HaioSov iroujp.aTa' elire ovv
fjbOL el akijdi] icTTiv a irepl t?)? El/jiap/jievr}<^ /cal
Toyv yioLpoiv ifcelvoi ippa-âiSjjKaaLv, dcpv/CTU

elvai oiroaa dv avTac eTTLvrjawaLV yeivopLevco
eKuaTcp;
60
ZEUS CATECHIZED
CVNISCUS
But, Zeus, I for my part won't annoy you that
way by asking for wealth or gold or dominion,
which are, it seems, very desirable to most people,
but not very easy for you to give at any rate I ;
notice that you generally turn a deaf ear to their

prayers. I should like to have you grant me only
a single wish, and a very simple one.
ZEUS
What is it, Cyniscus ? You shall not be disap-
pointed, especially if your request is reasonable, as
you say it is.
CVNISCUS
Answer me a question it isn't hard.
;
ZEUS
Your prayer is indeed trivial and easy to fulfil ;
so ask what you will.

CYNISCUS
It is this, you certainly have read the
Zeus :
poems of Homer and Hesiod tell me, then, is :
what they have sung about Destiny and the Fates

true, that whatever they spin for each of us at
^
his birth is inevitable ?
Homer, Iliad 20, 127 ; Hesiod, Theogony 218, 904.

6i
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ZET2
Kat ravra' ovSev yap earLv 6 ri
TTCLVV a\,7)9rj
firj al Motyoa^ BLardTTOvcriv, aWa
Trdvra oiroaa
jiveraL, vtto tw rovrcov drpd/cTO) <jt peôjjieva
€vOv<; 6^ dp')(rj<; e/caarov eTriKeKXwa fxevriv e^î' t^^
drroâcnv, fcal ov6efii<^ aWco^ yeveaBau.
KTNI2K02
OvKovv oTTorav 6 ai^ro? " O fxr] po'=i ev erepo) jxepei
fiT) fcal iiTTep /jLOtpav 86/jlov "At3o9
fcal Ta TOcavTa, \r)pelv SrjXaSr) <f)i]ao/j,ev Tore

avTov;
ZEY2
Kat ovSev yap ovrco yevoir av eô) tov
fJbdXa'
vo/jLOV tmv M.OLp(i)v, ovSe iiirep to \ivov. ol
7T0t,7]Tal 8e oiToaa fxev dv ifc rcov ^lovacov fcaT€)(6-
fievoL aScocTLv, dXijdr] ravrd eariv oTTorav Se
dcpMaiv avTOv^ al deal fcal KaO^ avTov^ ttolmcfl,
t6t€ Srj /cal d^dWovrai /cal virevavria roi^; irpo-
repov ^leîaaf /cal avyyvcofir), el dvOpcoTroL 6vTe<;
dyvoovGi ToXrjOe^, diTe\6ovTO9
irapov €ppayjrQ)BeL Sl* avrcov.
KTNI2K02
'AWa TOVTO piev ovrco (fyyjao/jiev. ere 8e KaKelvo
piOL aTTOKpLvai' ov rpel'^ al M.OLpal elai, KXcoOco
Kul Adêai<;, olpuai, /cal "Arpoiro^;
Z£T5
Udpv puev ovp.
62
ZEUS catechizp:d
ZEUS
There is nothing which
It is really quite true.
the Fates do not dispose on the contrary, every-
;
thing that comes to pass is controlled by their

spindle and has its outcome spun for it in each
instance from the very beginning, and it cannot
come to pass differently.
CV'NISCUS
Then when this same Homer in another part of
his poem says :
"Take care lest ere your fated hour you go to

house in Hell " ^
and that sort of thing, of course we are to assume

that he is talking nonsense ?
ZEUS
Certainly, for nothing can come to pass outside
the control of the Fates, nor beyond the thread
they spin. As for the poets, all that they sing
under the inspiration of the Muses is true, but
when the goddesses desert them and they compose
by themselves, then they make mistakes and con-
tradict what they said before. And it is excusable
that being mere men they do not recognize the
trutli when that influence is gone which formerly
abode with them and rhapsodized through them.
CYNISCUS
Well, we'll assume tliisto be so. But answer
me another question. There are only three of
the Fates, are there not — Clotho, Lachesis, I believe,
and Atropos }
ZEUS
Quite so.
^ Iliad 20, 330 ; uaacpiK-qai completes the line.
63
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KTN12K02
3 'H Elfiapfievv roivvv koX t) Tyxv—'ô\vOpv-
\7]T0L yap Tjdvv kol avrai, rive^ ttot ^ elalv —
TV BvvaraL avrcov ifcarepa; iroTepov ja
rj
taa
Tal<; Molpat,^ rj ri /cal virep ifceiva^;; olkovco yovv
^^~
airdvTwv Xeyovrcov, pLr)hev elvai ^VXH'^ '^^'^
/jLapfjL6V7]<; Svvarcorepov.
ZET2
Ov OefiL^ aTravrd ere elhevai, w Kwidfce- rivo^
3' ovv evefca r)pcorr;(Ta<; to irepl tmv Moipwv;
KTNI2K02
4 irporepov /jlol,
''Hz; w Zev, /caKelvo elir^^, el fcal
vfiMV avTUL apxovcTL teal dvdyKr) vpZv rjpTrjaOai
CLTTO TOV \iVOV aVTMV.

ZET2
'AvdyKT], o) Kvvi(TK€. ri 8' ovv efiuUaaa^;;
KTNI2K02
' Kv€pLvr](T6r)v eKeivwv rwv 'Ofiripov iircov, iv oh
TreiroLTjcrat avrcp iv ry ifCKXyjaia rcbv 6eMV hr^fir^-
yopMV, oTTore '^rjireiXeL^ avroi<; o)?^ diro aeipa^

TLVO^ %/0L'o-7'}9 rd irdvra- €(t>7]a6a
dvapT7]cr6fji€vo<;
yap avTO^ /^lev rrjv aeipdv KaOrjaeLV i^ ovpavov,

Tou? 6eov<; he dfia Trai^ra?, el povXoivro, eKKpefia-
fjuevov^; Karaairciv
îdaeaOat,^ ov ^pîp Karaaird-
aeiv ye, av 3e, oTTorav e6eXr)(Tr]<;, paSlm
^ diravTa^
avrrj Kev yairj epvaai avTrj re daXaaarj.
Tore ovv Oavp^ddio^ ehoKei^ /jloittjv ^lav

fiev
real
virecppcTTOV /xera^v aKOVwv rcbv eiroyv

vvv Be
opSi fierd t?}? (Teipd<; /cal rcbv
avTov ae t/Bt] ^
XeTrrov vij/naro^, o)? c/)^9, /cpep^d-

direiXcbv aTTO
1 fiidaeadai Fritzsche : fiidC^ffBai MSS.
* crv vulg. : o"6 MSS.
64
ZEUS CATECHIZED
CVNISCUS
Well then^ how about Destiny and Fortune?
They are also very much talked of. Who are they,
and what power has each of them ? Equal power
with the Fates, or even somewhat more than they ?
I hear everyone saying that there is nothing more
powerful than Fortune and Destiny.
ZEUS
It is not permitted you to know everything, Cynis-
cus. But why did you ask me that question about
the Fates ?
CYNISCUS
Just tell me something else first, Zeus. Are you
gods under their rule too, and must you needs be
attached to their thread ?
ZEUS
We must, Cyniscus. But what made you smile ?
CYNISCUS
I happened to think of those lines of Homer in
which he described you making your speech in the
assembly of the gods, at the time when you threat-
ened them that you would hang the universe upon a
cord of gold. You said, you know, that you would
let the cord down from Heaven, and that the other
gods, if they liked, might hang on it and try to
pull you down, but would not succeed, while you,
whenever you chose, could easily draw them all up,
"and the earth and the sea along with them." ^ At
that time it seemed to me that your power was won-
derful, and I shuddered as I heard the lines ;but I
see now that in reality you yourself with your cord
and your threats hang by a slender thread, as you
1 Iliad 8, 24.
65
VOL. II.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
fxevov. Sofcec yovv KXcoOo)
/xoc hifcaioTepov civ rj
LL€'yaXav')(^)](TaaOaL, <h<; /cat ae avrov dvdaTracrTOv

alcopovcra eK tov drpaKTOv KaOairep oi d\L€i<; eK
Tov fcaXdfjiov rd l')(^dv8ia.
ZET2
5 OvK oW 6 n aoi ravrl /SovXerat rd ipcoT'^/maTa.
KYNI2K02
^^fcelvo, 0) Zev' /cal 7rpo<; tmv M-OLpcov koI rri<;
¥ilfjLap/jbevr]<; firj rpa^êco^; pLTjSe TTyoo? 6pyr)v d/cov(Ty<;

fjbov rd\ri6r) fierd irappiqcria'^ \e'yovTO<=;. el ydp
oi;Tft)9 e%e^ ravra /cat Trdvrcov al Molpac Kparovac
Kol ovSev dv utt' ovhevo^ en dWayelr) tmv dira^
ho^dvTwv avTaL<;, tlvo^ eve/ca vfjuv ol dvOpcoiroL
Ovofjbev /cal e/car6fiâ<; Trpocrdyo/jLev €V')(piJLevoi
yeveaOai tj/jlIv irap* v/jb(ov rayaOa; ov')(^ opw ydp
6 TC dv dTToXavcraifiev rr)? eTrt/neXeiOs ravrrji;,
el fiijre rcov (pavXcov dirorpoTra^ evpeaOai hvvarov
7]/jl2v i/c Tcov ev')(o)v fMr^re dyaOov tlvo^ OeoahoTov
e7rLTV')(elv.
ZET2
6 Olha oOev crot rd Kopu'^^d ravra epcor^/jLard
eaTLV, rrapd tmv /carapdrcov (TO(^L(JT(hv, ol firjSe
irpovoetv rjpid^ rcov dvO pcoircov (âaiv e/celvoL yovv
TO. TOLavra epcorcocTLv vir* dae/Seta^y diroTpeTTOVTeî
/cal Tov<; dX\ov(; 6veiv /cal ev')(e(TOai co? el/catov
ov r}pid<; ydp ovr eTTifieXelcrOai tcov irpaTTOfievoyv
Trap vfuv ov6^ oXa)9 tl hvvaaOai 7rpo<^ ra ev rfj
yfj TTpdypLara.
ttXtjv ov %aiyo?;(TOt'cr6 ye ra roi-
avra Sieîovre';.
KYNI2K02
Ov p.d TOV T?}? K.\co6ov<; aTpa/cTOV, (o Zev, ov^
VTT e/celvwv dvaTreiaOei^ TavTa ere ypooTijaa, 6 he
66
ZEUS CATECHIZED
admit. In fact^ I think that Clotho would have a
better right to boast, inasmuch as she holds you,
even you, dangling from her spindle as fishermen
hold fish dangling from a rod.
ZEUS
I don't know what you are driving at with these
questions.
CYNISCUS
This, Zeus —
and I beg you by the Fates and by
Destiny not to hear me v*ith exasperation or anger
when I speak the truth boldly. If all this is so, and
the Fates rule everything, and nobody can ever
change anything that they have once decreed, why
do we men sacrifice to you gods and make you great
offerings of cattle, praying to receive blessings from
you ? I really don't see what benefit we can derive
from it is impossible for ustlirough
this precaution, if
our prayers either to get what is bad averted or to
secure any blessing whatever by the gift of the gods.
ZEUS
I know where you get these clever questions—
from the cursed sophists, who say that we do not
even exert any providence on behalf of men. At
any rate they ask questions like yours out of
impiety, and dissuade the rest from sacrificing and
praying on the ground that it is silly for we, they
;
say, not only pay no heed to what goes on among

you, but have no power at all over affairs on
earth. But they shall be sorry for talking in that
way.
CYNISCUS
I swear by the spindle of Clotho, Zeus, they did
not put me up to ask you this, but our talk itself as
67
F 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XG709 avTO<^ ovK OX'S oiTfjd'^ riyClv irpoloiv el<; tovto
aTre^T], Trepirrai; eivac Ta<; Ovaia<;. avdi^ h\ el
B0K6L, Sia (3 pa')(ê(ji)v iprjo-ojjLai ae, av Be fir) 6k-
vrjcrrjf; airoKpivaadaL, koI ottoj? aacfyaXearepov
aTTOKpivfj.
ZET5
'Epcora, eX ctgl a')(o\r] ra roiavra Xrjpeiv.
KTNI2K02
Tidvra 0^9 eK tmv Mocpcov yiyveaOai,;
ZET2
^t]/A yap.
KTNI5K02
'T/jllv Be Bvvarov aWdrreiv ravra fcal dva-
KXcoOeiv;
ZET5
OvBa/jLCi)<s,
KTNI2K02
lôvXec ovv iiraydyo) /cal to pLCTa tovto, ?;
BrjXov, Kctv fii] eiTra) avTo;

ZEY2
AifXov pbev. ol Be ye OvovTe^ ov t/}^ ')(^peia^
eve/ca Ovovaiv, avTiBoaiv Brj ^ TLva irowu/ievoL /cal
cocnrep u>vovp.evoL tcl dyaOa Trap ij/jlcov, dXXd tl-
/jLCt)VT€<; aXXct)? to êXTiov.
KYXI2K02
Î/cavbv /cal tovto, el /cal av ^^9 eVt p^rjBevl
'^pTjaL/jLO) yiyveaOai Ta<; dvaia^, evyvco/ioavvrj Be
TtVl TCOV dvOpCOTTCOV TI/jLCOVTCOV TO êXTLOV. /CaiTOL
et Ti9 Tcoz^ (jo(î(JTO)v i/cetvcov Traprjv, ypeTO dv ere
Ka6^ 6 TL /SeXTLOv^ 0^9 TO 1)9 Oeov^, KOI TavTa

ofjLoBovXov^ TMV dvOpcoTTcov ovTa<; /cal vtto Tat?
1 5t; A.]\r.H. : Se 7 ; not in j8.
68
ZEUS CATECHIZED
itwent on led somehow or other to the conckision
that sacrifices are superfluous. But if you have no
objection I will question you briefly once more. Do
not hesitate to answer, and take care that your
answer is not so weak.
ZEUS
Ask, if you have time for such nonsense.
CYNISCUS
You say that all things come about through the
Fates ?
ZEUS
Yes, I do.
CYNISCUS
And is it possible for you to change them, to un
spin them ?
ZEUS
Not by any means.
CYNISCUS
Then do you want me to draw the conclusion or is
it patent even without my putting it into words ?
ZEUS
It is patent, of coursebut those who sacrifice do
;
not do so for gain, driving a sort of bargain, forsooth,

and were buying blessings from us tliey do so
as it ;
simply to honour what is superior to themselves.

CYNISCUS
Even that isif you yourself admit that
enough,
sacrifices arenot offered for any useful purpose, but
by reason of the generosity of men, who honour
what is superior. And yet, if one of your sophists
were here, he would ask you wherein you allege the
gods to be superior^ when really they are fellow-
69
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
avTai<^ SecTTrolvaif; Tal<^ ^lolpaif; Tarrofievov;.
ov yap oLTro^pijcrei avTol<; to aOavdrov^ elvai, (09
hi avTo dfieLVOv<^ SoKecv iirel tovto ye pârcpw
yelpov iariVy elye tou9 p-ev fcdv 6 Odvajo^ eh
iXevOepiav dêiXero, vp.lv Se eh direLpov ifCTTLTrrei
TO irpaypâ koX dthio^; 77 BovXela ylverat viro
pâKpo) T(p \iv(p arpecpopLevi].
ZET2
\W\\ o) K.vvL(T/ce, TO diSi,ov TOVTO KoX diTetpov
€v8aip,ov r]pXv icTTL kol iv drraaiv dyaOoh rjpêh
îovpiev.
KYNI5K02
Ov^ aTravTe^;, w Zev, dWdBtcopiarai kol irap
vp,lv TO TTpaypba kol iroWrj Tapa')(r) eveaTr av
puev yap evSaip^cov, â(TiXeu<; ydp, Kal hvvaaai
dvacTirdv Tr)v yrjv /cal ttjv OdXacraav ioairep Ipiovidv
/caOeh' 6 Be Hcâô'TO? ^wXo? icTTL, âvavao^
'
Ti9 Kal 7rvpiT7]<^ TTJV Te)(i>r)V' Upop,r}Oev<^ Be Kal

dveaKoXoTTiaOi^ iroTe. top ydp iraTepa aov tl
dv \eyoLpLi, TTeSrjTrjv eTi iv tw TapTdpco ovTa; Kal
epdv Be vp.d<; (j>aai Kal TiTpcocFKecrOaL Kal Bov-
Xeveiv evioTe Trapd Tot? dvOpcairoi^, coaTvep dpêXei
Kal Tov aov dBe\(f)bv irapa AaopLcSovTi Kal irap
W.Bp,7]T(p TOV ÂttoWo). TavTa Be pioi ov irdvv
evBaipiova BoKel, aXX' eouKaaiv vp^cov ol p.ev Tive<i
evTvx^h Te Kal evpôLpot elvai, 01 Be epuraXiV eco
ydp Xeyeiv, OTi Kal XrjaTevecrde (oairep rjpieh Kal
7repi(TvXd(T0e vtto tmv lepoavXcov Kal eK irXov-
(TicoTaTcov ireveaTaTOL iv dKap^ yiyveaOe' iroXXoX
70
ZEUS CATECHIZED
slaves with men, and subject to the same mistresses,
the Fates. For their immortality will not suffice to
make them seem better, since that feature certainly
is far worse, because men are set free by death at
by nothing else, while with you gods the
least, if
thing goes on to infinity and your slavery is eternal,
being controlled by a long thread.^
ZEUS
But, Cyniscus, this eternity and infinity is blissful
for us, and we live in complete happiness.
CVNISCUS
Not of you, Zeus
all circumstances are different
;
with you as with us, and there is great confusion in

them. You yourself are happy, for you are king and
can draw u}) the earth and the sea by letting down a
well-rope, so to speak, but Hephaestus is a cripple
who works for his living, a blacksmith by trade, and
Prometheus was actually crucified once upon a time.^
And why should I mention your father (Cronus), who
is still shackled in Tartarus ? They say too that you
gods fall in love and get wounded and sometimes
become slaves in the households of men, as did your
brother (Poseidon) in the house of Laomedon and
Apollo in the house of Admetus. This does not
seem to me altogether blissful on the contrary,
;
some few of you are probably favoured by Fate and

Fortune, while others are the reverse. I say nothing
of the fact that you are carried off by pirates even '^
as we are, and plundered by temple-robbers, and from

very rich become very poor in a second and many ;
^ Something of a commonplace see Pliny, Xat. Hi^f.

: 2, 27 ;
Longinus de Subl. 9, 7. ' See the Prometheus.

^ The allusion is to Dionysus LUymn. Homer.
7, 38).
71
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Se /cat KaTe')(wvevOr](Tav ijSr) '^(^pvcroL rj apyupol
ovre^, 0I9 TOVTO e'ifiapTo SrjXaSi].
ZET2
9 'Opa<;; ravr tjSt} v^ptaTiKa, o) K.vvi(TK€, (f)rj^'
Kai (JOi Tciâ /jberapêXrjaet irore avrcov.

KTNI2K02
êiSov, 0) Zev, row aTreiXwv,
ovSev jie elBcof;
7Tei(J0pL€V0V 6 Ti flTj pO (70V eho^CV

KCLl TT] M.Oipa IT
eTTel ov8^ avTov<; i/ceivov^ opCo tov<; lepoavKov^

Ko\aôpLevov<;, aW
ol ye irXelcTTOL hiaêvyovaiv
v/jbdî' ov yap eipâpro, olfiai, dXcovat avTOv<;.
ZET2
Ovfc eXeyov go? dp' i/cecpcov ti<; el tmv dvatpovv-
Tcov T't]v irpovoLav rw Xoy(p;
KYNI5K02
avv, ft) Ziev, oeota^; avTov^, ovk oica orov
eve/ca' iravra yovv oiroaa ctv eLirco, viroiTTevei^;
10 iiceivcDV TraiSevpâra elvai. iycb Be irapd Tivo<; —
yap av dXXov TdX7]6e<; rj irapa crov /jiddoifiL; —
r)8eco(; 8' dv /cal tovto epoip^yv ae, rt? rj Tlpovoia
vfuv avTT] icTTL, Motâ Ti9 rj zeal virep ravra^ Oe6<;
wairep, dpypvaa kcu avrSyv eKeivcov;
ZET2
"HSt; (701 KoX irporepov e(f)7)v ov Oepîrov elvai
Trdvra ae elSevac. av 8' ev ti ev dpyrj epcuTrjaeiv
(p'âa<; ov iravr) roaavra 7rpo<; fie XeiTToXoyov-
/jLevo^;' /cal opoj on aoi to /ce(f)dXai.6v eaTL tov
Xoyov einhelâi ov8evo<=; r)fjid<; irpovoovvTa^; twv
dvOpCOTTLVCOV.
KYNI2K05
Ovk epuov tovto, dXXd av fit/cpov efiirpoadev
ecprjaOa ra? Moipa^ elvai Ta^ diravTa eVtre-
72
ZEUS CATECHIZED
have even been melted down before now, being of
gold or silver but of course they were fated for this.
;
ZEUS
See here, your talk is getting insulting, Cyniscus,
and you ^v^ll perhaps regret it some day.
CYNISCUS
Be chary of your threats, Zeus, for you know that
nothing can hapjên to me which Fate has not
decreed before you. I see that even the temple-
robbers I mentioned are not punished, but most of
them escape you it was not fated, I suppose, that
;
they should be caught I
ZEUS
Didn't I say you were one of those fellows that
abolish Providence in debate ?
CYNISCUS
You are very much afraid of them, Zeus, I don't
know why. At any rate, you think that everything I
sayis one of their tricks. I should like to ask you,
—
though for from whom can I learn the truth except
—
from you ? what this Providence of yours is, a Fate
or a goddess, as it were, superior to the Fates, ruling
even over them ?
ZEUS
I have already told } ou that it is not permitted
you to know everything. At first you said that you
would ask me only one question, but you keep
chopping all this logic with me, and I see that in
your eyes the chief object of this talk is to show
that we exert no providence at all in human affairs.
CYNISCUS
That none of my doing you yourself said not
is :
long ago that it was the Fates who brought every-
73
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
\ovaas' €L /JUT) /jLerafieKeL aoL eKeivwv /cat ava-
TiOeaat avOi<; ra elprjfjLeva /cal a/jucpca/SrjTeLTe T779
eTT^/z-eXeta? irapwadfievoL rrjv YiljJiapfJiev^^v;
ZET2
11 OvSafjicb<;, aX)C 77 ^lotpa 8c tj/jLcov eKacrra eiri-
KYNI2K02
MavOdvco' vTTTjperaL koI hiCLKOvoi Tive<; rwv
Moiyow^' elval (pare. ttXtjv dWd koI ovt(o<; eKelvai
av elev at irpovoovcrai, v/ul€i<; Se (oairep afceurj riva
Kol epyaXeid eVre avrcbv.
ZET2
Xlw? Xeyei^;;
KTNI2K02
" ridTrepy to crKeirapvov
otjjLai, fcal tw reKTOVi
fcal TO Tpviravov avvepjel fiiv tl irpo^ TrjV Te^vrjv,
ovS€l<; S'dv €17701 ft)? TavTa 6 T€X^lt7]<; iaTtv, ov8^
7] vav<; epyov tov aK€7rdpvov rj tov Tpvirdvov,
d'XXa TOV vavTTTjyov' dvdXoyov tolvvv 7) /jlcv
vav7r7]yovfX6VT] e/cacTTa rj JLlfiap/xivrj iaTiv, vfi€l<;
Si, elirep dpa, TpvTrava koX (TKeirapvd eVre tmv

^loipcbv Kai, (h<; eoL/cev, ol dvOpwiroi, Seop ttj
^l/iapfievrj 6veiv fcal Trap* €K€lv7]<; aoTelv TayaQd,
ol 8' laai TTpoaohoi<^ kcli Ovaiai^ yepal-
e(p^ vfjbd^
povTG's' ovSe TTjv îfiapfi6V7]v Ti/uLa)VT€<; etV Biov

rj
dv avTO eirpaTTOv ov yap oifiai, BvvaTov elvat

ovSe avTal^ €tl rat? Motâi? dWdâc tl fcal
fjLeTaTpi-yjrat twv e^ dp')(r)^ Bo^dvTcov ivepl eKacrTOV
rj yovv "At/ootto? ovk dvdaôLT dv, ec Ti9 et? to
evavTLOv aTpe'^lreie tov aTpa/cTOv dvaXvcov t?}?
K.\a)6ov<; TO epyov.
74
ZEUS CATECHIZED
thing to pass. But perhaps you repent of it and
take back wliat you said^ and you gods lay claim
to the oversight, thrusting the Fates aside ?
ZEUS
By no meanSj but Fate does it all through us.
CYNISCUS
understand you allege that you are servants and
1 ;
assistants of the Fates. But even at that, the

providence would be theirs, and you are only their
instruments and tools, as it were.
ZEUS
What do you mean ?
CYNISCUS
You are in the same case, I suppose, as the adze
and the drill of the carpenter, which help him
somewhat in his craft, and yet no one would say that
they are the craftsman or that the ship is the work
of the adze or the but of the shipwright. Well,
drill,
in like manner Destiny who does all the building
it is
and you at most are only drills and adzes of the

Fates, and I believe men ought to sacrifice to
Destiny and ask their blessings from her instead of
going to you and exalting you with processions and
sacrifices. But no even if they honoured Destiny
:
they would not be doing so to any purpose, for I don't

suppose it is possible even for the Fates themselves
to alter or reverse any of their original decrees about
each man. Atropos, at all events, would not put up
with it if anyone should turn the spindle backwards
and undo the work of Clotho.^
'
A play upon the name Atropos, as if it meant "Turneth-
not."
75
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ZET5
12 Su KVVL(7K€, OvBk Ttt? MotyOa? TLflCi-
5' 7]Sr), 0)
aOai irpo^ rwv dvOpcoTrcov d^LOL<;; aXX' eoLKa^

airavra (Tvy')(elv TrpoaLpelaOai. 'iifiel'; Se el koX
fir)Sevo<; aWov eve/ca, rod ye fiavreveaOat koX
TrpopLrjvvetv e/cacrra roiv viro r?}? Mot/9a9 K€KVp(t)-
fievcov Si/caico<; TiixcpfieO^ av.
KYNI5K05
To [xev okov, o) Zev, irpoeiSevai ra
a')(^pr](TTOv,
/xeWovra ol<; ye to <^v\dâa6ai avrd iravTeXo)^

dhvvarov el /xr) dpa^ tovto ^779, &)? o TrpopLaOoov
OTL viT^ alxP'V^ cnhr)pd<i reOvijêrat Svvatr' dv

ifCipvyetvtov ddvarov KaOeipâs eavrov; aXV
d^vvarov e^dêi yap avTOV rj Molpa KVVTjyerj]-
''
aovra /cat TrapaScocreL ry al^fifj' koL 6 "A.hpacrTo<;

eirl TOV crvv d<pel<; ttjv Xoy^rjv e/celvov fiev d/xapT7]~
(T€Tat, (f)ovevcr€L Be tov Kpolaou iralha, 0)9 dv dir^
layypd'^ e/xy8oX7)9^ tmv ^loipayv (êpopbevov tov
13 aKOVTLOV eirl tov veavtafcov. to /mev yap tov
Sâiov /cal yeXotov, to*
/jLT) airelpe Te/cvcov akoKa Saipôvcov îa'

el yap TeKV(£K7eL^ {(f>7)al) iTalh\ diroicTevel cr* 6
irepiTTr) ydp, olpai, rj Trapaivecn^ 7rp6<i Ta iravTco^;

OUT ft) TotydpToi pueTa tov '^(^prjapLov
yev7]crop.eva.
fcal ecriretpev /cal (f)v<; direKTeivev avTov. coaTe
ovx opco dv9 OTOV dTraiTelTe tov paaOov eirl tj}
14 pbavTiKfj. eo) yap \eyeLv cl><^ Xoâ /cat eTraficpOTepi-
lôvTa T0i9 7roWot9 %p5y elcoOaTe, ov irdw diro-
^ si fir]dpa Marcilius et /x^ 'irapa y CKrhs el /xij fi.
: ;
2 i^dêi Jensius i^dyei MSS.

:
2 ifxfiokrjs Fritzsche eVroA^y fi ; irpoaTdyfxaTos y.

:
76
ZEUS CATECHIZED
ZEUS
Have you gone so far^ Cyniscus, as to think that
even the Fates should not be honoured by men ?
Why, you seem inchned to upset everything. As for
us gods, if for no other reason, Ave may fairly be
honoured because we are soothsayers and foretell all
that the Fates have established.
CYNISCUS
On the whole, Zeus, it does no good to have
foreknowledge of future events when people are
completely unable to guard against them, unless —
perhaps you maintain that a man who knows in
advance that he is to die by an iron spear-head can
escape death by shutting himself up ? No, it is im-
possible, for Fate will take him out hunting and
deliver him up to the spear-head, and Adrastus,
throwing his weapon at the boar, will miss it and
slay the son of Croesus, as if the javelin were sped
at the lad by a powerful cast of the Fates.^ Indeed,
the oracle of Laius is really ridiculous :
" Sow not the birth-field in the gods' despite.

For ifthou get'st, thy son will lay thee low."^
It was superfluous, I take it, to caution against what

was bound to be so in any event. Consequently
after the oracle he sowed his seed and his son laid
him low. I don't see, therefore, on what ground you
demand your fee for making prophecies. I say
nothing of the fact that you are accustomed to give
most people perplexed and ambiguous responses,
not making it at all clear whether the man who
1 See Herodotus, 1, 34 ff.
^ Euripides, Plioenissat, 18-19.
77
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
aa<ôvvTe<; el 6 tov'' A\vv BiajSa^ rrjv avrov apxw
fcardXixret rj rrjv rod Kvpov dfMCJyo) yap hvvaTai
ZEY2
''Ev Tt9, KvvlaKe, rw "AiroWoiVi, opyy)^ alria
CO
Kara rod Kpoiaov, hiori iireiparo eKelvo^ avrov

apveia Kpka kcli %€\c6z^t?v e? to avro eyfrcov,
KTNI2K02
fMTjSe opyiêaOaL 6eov ovra-^ irXrjv
'Expv^ Aêi^
aWa Kal to iâ7rar7]drivaL rep Au3w ^ iireiTpoiro,
olfjuac, Kal oXft)9 ^ to /jlt) aKOvaai ra /xe\-

aacpox;
\ovra 7] Elp'CLpl^^^V ^-rrUXwaev ware Kal v
fiavriKT] vfiMV eKeivrj^ piepo^ eanv.
ZET2
15 'U/JLLV Se ovSev aTroXetVet?, aXXa /xdrijvOeoi
e<Tfiev, ovre irpovoidv riva
el(7<pep6fxevoi ek ra
rpv-
TTpdyfiara ovre rcov Ovaicov dîoc KaOdirep
rrava w? dXr]0m rj aKerrapva; Kai fioL^
8oKel<;
^
elKorm fiov Kara(ppov€LV, on Kepavvov, &)<? opa^,

SL7jyKvXr)fievo<; dvexopâi ae roaavra
KaO' r)/x(hv
Bieîovra.
KTNI2K02
BdWe, Zeu, el /jlol Kal Kepavvw TrXr^jrivai
0)
rr)^ irXi^yp,^
etfjiapraL, Kal ce ovSev alridaofiai^
dWa rr)v KkcoOo) rr}v Sid aov rLrpcoaKovaav
ov8e
1
T9> Au5^ A.M.H. : AuS^ vno toC
re? ^prtfffxod MSS. ;
virh
Tuv XPV<^H-'^^ '^V

Ai»5(;p K. bcnwartz.
2 '6Kuis Jacobitz : 6.\\us MSS.
78
ZEUS CATECHIZED
crosses the Halys will cause the loss of his own
kingdom or that of Cyrus for the oracle can be
;
taken in either sense.^

ZEUS
Apollo had some reason for being angry at Croesus
because he had tested him by stewing lamb and
turtle together.'^
CYNISCUS
He should not have been angry, being a god.
However, the very deception of the Lydian was pre-
determined, I suppose, and in general our lack of
definite information about the future is due to the
spindle of Destiny so even your soothsaying is in
;
her province.
ZEUS
Then you leave nothing for us, and we are gods to
no purpose, not contributing any providence to the
world and not deserving our sacrifices, like drills or
adzes in very truth Indeed, it seems to me that
.'*
you scorn me with reason, because although, as you

see, I have a thunderbolt clenched in my hand, I am
letting you say all this against us.
CYNISCUS
Strike, Zeus, if it I am really to be
is fated that
struck by lightning, won't blame you for the
and I
stroke but Clotho, who inflicts the injury through

^ It ran"If Croesus doth the Halys cross
:
He'll cause a mighty kingdom's loss."

2 Wishing to test the Greek oracles before consulting them
about invading Persia, Croesus sent representatives to some

of the most famous with instructions to ask them all simul-
taneously, at a specified time ; " What is Croesus doing
now " ? Apollo divined that he was stewing lamb and turtle
together in a copper cauldron with a lid of copper (Hero-
dotus, i. 46 ff.).
79
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
yap Tov Kepavvov avrov âirjv av aiTiov /xoi
yevecrOat rod T/jau/xaro?. irXrjv ifcetvo ye v/j,d<;
epr)(TO[JbaL koX ae fcal ri-jv YilfjLappêvrjv av he fioi

/cat virep eKeivr}'; airofcpLvar avefjuvrjcra'^ yap fie
16 cLTreiXijaa^;. tl Sijirore rov^; lepoavKov^ koI
\r](TTa<; a(f)€VTe<; koI Toorovrov; v/3pL(TTa<; /cat
/Scalou^; fcal Spvv nva 7ToXX,d/ci<; /ce-
i7n6p/cov<;
pavvovre rj \[6ov i) vea)<; larov ovhev dScKovarjf;,
ivLore Be 'X^prfcrrov nva kol odiov oBoLiropov; tl
cna)7ra(;, u) Zev; rj ov8e rovro fie Oe/bLi^ elSevai;
ZET2
Ov yap, S) Y^vvidKe. av oe TroXvTrpdyfjicov Ti?
el Kal ovK olS' 66ev ravra ij/c€L<^ p.oi avp,7re<pop7]-
KTNI2K02
OvKovv p.rjBe e/cetvo L'yLta? epcopâi, ae re /cal rr)v
Tipovoiav Kal ttjv Yjlfiappevriv, n Sijirore ^coklcop
6 y^prjaro^ ev Toaavrv •jrevia Kal airdveL rayv
fjuev
dvayKaiwv direOave Kal ApiarelSrjf; irpo avrov, ^
KaA-Xta? he Kal WXKi/SidhTjf;, aKoXaara p.eipdKia,

vireperrXovrovv Kal Me^Sta? o v/3pLar7]<; Kal
Xdpoyjr 6 Alyivr]rrj<;, Kivaihos: dvOpco7ro<;, ri]v
jMTjrepa \tp.w drreKrovd)^, Kal rrdXiv ^wKpdrrj^ fxev
irapehoOr) rol<; evheKa, McXt^to? he ov irapehoOr],
Kal XaphavdiraWoî puev eâaikeve Orfkvs cov,
T(i)')(^r}<; he dvrjp evdpero<^ dveaKoXoiriaOr] irpo^

17 avrov, hton fir] rjpeaKero rol<; yiyvofxevoi<^'^ Iva
vjjilv ^ jirj rd vvv \eyco KaQ^ maarov eire^tcov, tol'9
pêv 'KOvripov<=; evhaLp,ovovvra<; Kal rov<^ rrXeoveKra^,

^ Text )3 (TaJx^^ r* raarg., A, V6yx'*}s N) Tlfpcuv 5e too-ovtoi
:
KaXol Kayadol &v5pes avscTKoKorrlôvTO Trphs avTov Si6ti fxi)
ripicrKOVTo rols yiyvo,ueuois y.

- 'iva viMV Fritzsche : 'iva Se (vfTi,') y ; kqX 'ha u/luv &.
8o
ZEUS CATECHIZED
you for even the thunderbolt itself^ I should say,
;
would not be the cause of the injury. There is

another question^ however_, which I will put to you
and to Destiny, and you can answer for her. You have
put me in mind of it by your threat. Why in the
world is it that, letting off the temple-robbers and
pirates and so many who are insolent and violent
and forsworn, you repeatedly blast an oak or a stone
or the mast of a harmless ship, and now and then
an honest and pious wayfarer ?i Why are you silent,
Zeus ? Isn't it permitted me to know this, either ?
ZEUS
No, Cyniscus. You are a meddler, and I can't
conceive where you got together all this stuff that
you bring me.
CYNISCUS
Then not to put my other question to you
I am
and to Providence and Destiny, why in the world is
it that honest Phocion and Aris tides before him died
in so great poverty and want, while Callias and
Alcibiades, a lawless pair of lads, and high-handed
Midias and Charops of Aegina, a lewd fellow wlio
starved his mother to death, were all exceeding rich ;
and again, why is it that Socrates was given over to

the Eleven instead of Meletus, and that Sardanapalus,
effeminate as he was, occupied the throne, while
Goches,- a man of parts, was crucified by him because
—
he did not like what went on not to speak in detail
of the present state of affairs, when the wicked and
the selfish are happy and the good are driven about
^ Suggested by Aristophanes, Clouds, 398 ff.
2 Otherwise unknown.
8i
G
VOL. II.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
^^
ayofievov^ Be Kol êpoixevov^ tou? xP'^^^^v^
irevia koX vg(tol^ koI /MvptoL^ kukoI^ irieôfievov^;.
ZET2
olaGa, a) Kt'i^tV-'ce, r/XtVa? fiera rov
Ov yap
iv
^Lov ol iTOvqpol Ta? fcoXdaei^; virofievovaiv, rj
oar) 01 x/9??crT0t evSaifMOVia hiaTpiôvcnv;
KTNI2K02
"Kthr^v fiOL \6y€L<; kol TtT'JOi;? ical TavrdXov^.
iycD Si, el fiev ti kuI tolovtov iartv,
eiaofiai to
aa(f)k eireiSav diroOdvio' to he vdv exov eôvXo-

j.ir}V Tov OTToaovovv xpovov TOVTOV evSai.pov(i)<;
ro
hiaPioi)^ VTTO efCfcaiSeKa yviroiv KeipeaOai
rjrrap^
uTToeavcov, ciWd evjavOa Sif/jaa^; cocfrrep ô

/jlt)
TdvraXo^ ev MaKupcov vrjcroL'^ iriveiv pera twz^

Tjpcowv ev rw 'HXucrtft) \eip.(hvi KaraKeipevo^,
ZET2
18 Tt (^r;?; ciinaTel^ elvai TLva^ KoXdaei^ kuI rip.ck,
Kal hLKaaTTjpiov evOa Si] eêrdêraL 6 e/cdarov
l3io<;;
KTNnK02
"Akovco Tiva MivcD KpnTa SiKd'êLV kutco rd tol-
avra- /cat fioL diroKpivai rt fcal virep eKeivov
(TO?
yap vio<^ elvai \eyeT ai.

ZET2
Tt Se KdKelvov epcora^;, w Kwla/ce;
KTNI2K02
Tiva^; KoXdêi p.d\icna;
ZET2
Sr)\aS/i, olov dvSpocpovov^ Kul
Tou? TTOvripov^
lepoGv\ov<;.
82
ZEUS CATFXHIZED
from pillar to post, caught in the pinch of poverty
and disease and other ills without number ?
ZEUS
Why, don't you know, Cyniscus, what punishments
await the wicked when life is over, and in what hap-
piness the good abide ?
CYNISCUS
Do you talk to me of Hades and of Tityus and
Tantalus and their like ? For my part, when I die I
shall find out for certain whether there is really any
such thing, but for the present I prefer to live out
my time in happiness, however short it may be, and
then have my liver torn by sixteen vultures after my
death, rather than go as thirsty as Tantalus here
on earth and do my drinking in the Isles of the
Blest, lying at my ease among the heroes in the
Elysian Fields.
ZEUS
What's that you say? Don't you believe that
there are any punishments and rewards, and a court
where each man's life is scrutinized !
CYNISCUS
I hear that somebody named Minos, a Cretan, acts
as judge in such matters down below. And please
answer me a question on his behalf, for he is your
son, they say.
ZEUS
What have you to ask hivi, Cyniscus ?
CYNISCUS
Whom does he punish principally ?
ZEUS
The wicked, of course, such as murderers and
temple-robbers.
o 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KTNI2K05
T/va? Se irapa rou? rfpcoa^ airoTTe^nTei;
ZET2
Tou? a'ya6ov<; re koX octlov^ fcal kut apeTtjv
KTNI2K02
ZET2
KTNI2K02
Et 5e Tt9 aKOixTLQV Ti heivov ipydcraiTo, Ko\d-
êadai fcal tovtov SiKatol;
ZET2
OvSa/jLU)'^.
KTNI2K02
Ov8' dpa el Tt9 aKoyv tl dyaOov eBpaaeVy ovSe
TOVTOV TL/idv d^Lcocreiev av;
ZEY2
Ov yap ovv.
KYNI2K02
Ovheva tolvvv, w Zev, ome Tiuav ome fcoXdêiv
auT(o TTpoarjfceL.
ZEY2
lift)? ovSeva;
KYNI2K02
"Ot^ eKOVTe^ ol dvOpcoiroL iroiovpiev, ciWd
OL'êt'
TLVi dvdyKT) dcpvKTO) KeKeXevafxevoi, el ye d\r]OP]

ifcelvd eGTi tcl epurpoadev o)poXoyr}p,6va, ox?^ ?;
Moipa TrdvTcov aiTia' koL i)v (ôvevari ^ t^?, eKeivr)
ia-Tiv 7} (povevaao-a, koI rjv lepoavXy, 7rpO(JT€Tay-
1 (povivai) vulg. : <popeudy 7 ; <f>ovivip 3*
84
!
ZEUS CATECHIZED
CYNISCUS
And whom does he send to jom the heroes ?
ZEUS
Those who were good and pious and hved
virtuously.
CYNISCUS
Why is that^ Zeus ?
ZEUS
Because the latter deserve reward and the former
punishment.
CYNISCUS
But if man
should do a dreadful thing uninten-
a
tionally, would he think it right to punish him like
the others ?
ZEUS
Not by any means.
CYNISCUS
I suppose, then, if a man did something good un-
intentionally, he would not think fit to reward him,
either ?
ZEUS
Certainly not
CYNISCUS
Then, Zeus, he ought not to reward or punish
anyone.
ZEUS
Why not.^
CYNISCUS
Because we men do nothing of our own accord,
but only at the behest of some inevitable necessity,
if what you previously admitted is true, that Fate is
the cause of everything. If a man slay, it is she
who slays, and if he rob temples, he only does it
8s
;
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

akvov airh Spa. oVt6 el ye rk tUaia^ 6 Mfv<«9
avTi rov^cavôv
hKiXeiv îXKov, Ti,v ^l/mpêvvv
rov JavTaXov.
KoXdêrai Kal r^v Mocpav avrl
e-unar/-
r'l yhp iKelvoi
fiUKfjaav ,rei>7eevTe<; rot?
uaTiv
ZETS
^noKpivecOai aoi &îOv Toiay-ra
19 Oi«6T' oiBk
<To<^t<TT,,?. «at ae
ipoyr&vrr Opaai, 7«P " ««'
a.7reip,i fiSi] KaTaXinav.
KTNI5K02 „ ,
epeaeai, ttov^ at
'ESeoLLVv iêv hi kuI rovro
eîKvovvTM rp e^ni-
Uotpai ha-rpifiovcnv ^ ttw?
Xeirrorarov, Kat^ravTa
uslJla T&v Toaoi-reov h -rh
Tpek inUovov ydp Tiva Kai ovk evp.oipov
'oi<rac.
L hoKovci fiiovv rhv fiiov Toaavra

^pdyiMira, Kal «? ôi/cev oi -rravv
ovSe
exov^rat
avrai vtto
67a> 70W, f
ypô-T^ npâpixivr, iyevvnOnaav.
lot Jpeai, Soeeiv, oiK &v iXXa?«wv^ nrpo^
eXot^v av en
airh, TOi. 6>avTo{) ^lov, aXX
Kaen<êav ^KXmdon,
êvhTepo<, hapmvav ijnep
pay p.dT o>v ixe^TOV, ejirnp<ov
HTpaKTOV TOôi-Tf^v TT
e'«a<rTa. el
koX
^
H^'"" ""^ «'ô«P'''«<^^f T/""
Sk
ToiroK iya-nvôpev 01^ aire-
ravra,& Vêv,
tov êpv \V^^'W-
^piva,' Uavh yhp ip.4,avUat
ovv ei/JMpTO aKoiiaai fioi.
86
ZEUS CATECHIZED
under orders. Therefore if Minos were to judge
justly,he would punish Destiny instead of Sisyphus
and Fate instead of Tantalus^ for what wrong did
they do in obeying orders ?
ZEUS
proper to answer you any longer when you
It isn't
ask such questions. You are an impudent fellow
and a sophist, and I shall go away and leave you
now.
CYNISCUS
Iwanted to ask you just this one question, where
the Fates live and how they go into such minute de-
tail in attending to so much business, when there
are only three of them. There mucli labour and
is
little good-fortune in the life they live^ I think, with

all the cares they have, and Destiny, it would
appear, was not too gracious when they themselves
were born. At any rate if I were given a chance to
choose, I would not exchange my life for theirs, but
should prefer to be still poorer all my days rather
than sit and twirl a spindle freighted with so many
events, watching each carefully. But if it is not
easy for you to answer me these questions, Zeus,
I shall content myself with the answers you have
given, for they are full enough to throw light on the
doctrine of Destiny and Providence. The rest,
perhaps, I was not fated to hear !
87
ZEUS RANTS
This dialogue is an elaboration of the theme treated in
Zeus Catechized. We meet in it the curious interlarding
of prose with verse which characterized the writings of
Menippus and his imitators. We also find a good deal of
the repetition which is rather too frequent in Lucian to
please modern I'eaders ; but it is hardly fair to censure him,
for one piece may have been read in Athens and another in
Antioch, and he niaj' never have had an opportunity to
revise his collected works.
ZETS TPAraiAOS.
EPMH2
1 '12 Zev, TL crvvvov<=; fcara fiova<; cravTw A,a\et9,
^XP^^ 7r6/9i7raTcoj^, cl)tXoa6(f>ov to XP^H" ^'%^^>

efjbol TTpoaavdOov, Xaê jne avjjLôvXov irovwv,
/jLt] KaTa(^povr)(Tr)S oIketov (^Xvapia^,
A0HNH
Nal TTOLTep rjpieTepe, l^povihr], vTrare KpeLovrcov,
yovvovpâl ere Oea 'yXavKcoin^, Tpiroyeveia,
eâvoa, purj Kevue vow, iva eioofjiev i)orj,
Tt? /uLijTL^ hcLKvei (76 KaTCi (^pkva KOl KUTa OvpLOVy
/) TL âpv (TT6vd)(€i(; M'xpo'^ T€ o"€ clXe Trapeia^;
ZEY2
VK eartv ovbev beivov 0)0 eoTretv eiro'^f
ovSe irdOo^ ovSe avp^cpopd rpaycpSL/ct],

7)v ovK lapLêioi^ VTrepTratco heKa?-
A0HNH
"KiroXkov, oToL^ (j)poL/jLiOi<; (ipXV ôyov;
1 Text P (Vat. 76) D (Bodl. B 56) laiLL0ioi(Tiu V, lafx.QfloKri Dj

;
vrrepiraldeKa D. ^s ovk &«' ^pair' (apoir^) axôs i] dewv (pvais y,

NHA, edd. J) has this line also, after the other.
90
ZEUS RANTS
HERMES
What ails voii^ Zeus^ in lone soliloquy
To pace about all pale and scholar-like ?
Confide in nie, take me to ease your toils :
Scorn not the nonsense of a serving-man.

ATHENA
Yea, thou sire of us all, son of Cronus, supreme
among rulers.
Here at thy knees I beseech it, the grey-eyed
Tritogeneia :
Speak thy thought, let it not lie hid in thy mind, let
us know it.
What is the care that consumeth thy heart and thy

gnawing ?
soul with its
Wherefore thy deep, deep groans, and the pallor
that preys on thy features ? ^
ZEUS
There's nothing dreadful to express in speech.
No cruel hap, no stage catastrophe
That I do not surpass a dozen lines ^ I
ATHENA
Apollo what a prelude to your speech .'^
!
^ Compare this parody on Homer with Iliad 1, 363

{=Od.l, 45^; 31 ; 3. 35.
8,
- A parody on the o}>ening lines of the Orestes of Euripides.
^ Euripides, Hercvlts Furens 538.
91
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ZET2
n TrayKafcicFTa yÔovia ^y^? iraiheviîaTa,
(TV t\ 0) Upo/jLTjOev, old fjb elpyaaai Kaicd
A0HNH
Ti 6' iffTi; nTpo<; xopov yap ol/c€i(ov ipelî.
ZET2
^n p.eyaXoa jxapdyov GTepoira^ poi^Tjpba, rl^ peêc^;
HPA
opydv, el /jltj /cco/xMSLav, c5 Zev, Svvd-
K.OL/jLt.(TOv
jieOa VTTOKpiveaOaL [irjhe pa'^rcphelv oiairep outol

p^rjSe Tov ^vpiiTihriv oiXov /caTaTreTTcoKa/jLev, coare
2 crot vTTOTpaycphelv. dyvoelv rj/J^d'; vo/JLLêis ttjv
aLTiav TTj^ \vTTr]<; rjTi'^ ean aoi;
ZET5
OvK oI<t6\ iirei roi xav e/ccofcve^ pîya.
HPA
OlSa TO fcecpdXaiov avro 6)v 7rda')(6i<? on ipoj-
TiKov iariv ov p^7]v Kco/cvo) ye vtto e6ov<;, rjSr]
7roWdKL<; v^picrOelaa vtto aov ra TOiavTU. el/co'^
yovv ijTOL Aavd7]v nva rj êjneXyv rj ^vpa)7T7]v
av6i^ evpovra ere dvLaaOat vtto rov €pcoTO<;, elra
jôvXevecfOai ravpov i) adrupov rj ')(^pvaov yevo-
fievov pvTjvai hia tov opocpov et? tov koXttov t>}9
dyaTro)p.6V7]^- tcl arjpbela yap raOra, ol GTevaypol
Kal TCL Sdfcpva /cat to co'X^pov elvaL, ovk dWov tov
Tj e/0ft)TO9 iaTLV.
?ET2
^n p,a/capia, tjtl^ epcoTi Kal rat? TOiavTai<;
ev
7Tai8i,al<; ocei tcl rrpdyfiaTa r^pZv eivai.
» tI Guyet : rf fioi MSS.
92
ZEUS RANTS
ZEUS
utter vile hell-spawn of mother earth,
—
And thou, Prometheus thou hast hurt me sore!
ATHENA
What is it ? None will hear thee but thy kin.
ZEUS
Thundering stroke of my whizzing bolt, what a deed
shalt thou do me !
HERA
Lull your anger to sleep, Zeus, seeing that I'm no
hand either at comedy or at epic like these two,
nor have I swallowed Euripides wîole so as to be
able to play up to you in your tragedy role. Do you
suppose we don't know the reason of your anguish ?
ZEUS
You know not : otherwise you 'Id shriek and
scream.^
HERA
1 know that the sum and substance of your troubles
is a love-affair ;don't shriek and scream, though,
I
L'ecause I am used to it, as you have already affronted
m.e many a time in this way. It is likely that you
have found another Danae or Semele or Europa and
are plagued by love, and that you are tliinking
of turning into a bull or a satyr or a shower of gold,
to fall down through the roof into the lap of your
sweetheart, for these symptoms — groans and tears
and paleness —belong to nothing but love.
ZELS
You simple creature, to think that our circum-
stances permit of love-making and such pastimes !
* From Euripides, according to Porscn.
93
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
HPA
AWa TL dWo, el /xr/ tovto, dvia ere /îa ovra;
ZEY2
3 'Ey fc'(TâT0£9j ft)
'
Hpa, ra Oecov TrpdyfiaTa, koX
TOVTO 8r) TO Tov \oyov, eVl ^vpov eaTrjKev eiTe
^prj TLfidaOai rj/xdî 6Ti /cat tcl <yepa e')(€LV Tdv Tjj
yfj eiT€ fcal ruiekrjaOai iravTaTraaL kol to firjSev

elvai hoKelv.
HPA
Mwi^ Tj yiyavTa^ TLva'^ avOi^ rj yrf ecpvaev, 7) 01
TcTave^; 8LappijâvTe<; Ta Secrfia Kai tt}? <f)povpd^
eTTLKpaTTjaavTeî avOi^; rjfitv ivavTia atpovTat tcl
onrXa;
ZET2
%dp(Tei, TCL vepOev dacpaXo)^ e^tn, 6eoL<;.
HPA
Tt ovv dWo Seivov dv yevoLTo; 0^% opoi ydp,
0T€ /jLT) Ta TOtavTa TrapaXvirot, 6<^' otm TIwXo? ?)
ÂpiaT687]ijio<; dvTi Aô9 rj/jutv dva7r€(f)T]pa(i.
ZET5
i Ti/ulokXP]^, ft) ^'Hpa, 6 Stcol/co^ koL i\d/jLi<i 6
EiTTiKOv peLO<^ X^^^' o^'^ ol^cL 66ev acpicTLv dpâ/xevov
tov \6yov, Trpovoia'^ irepi SieXeyecrOrjv irapovTcov
pid\a Gv^yoiv KoX SoKLpicov dvOpoiTTOiv, oirep fid-
XidTa r/vlacre fie' Aa/xi9 ov8^ elvai 6eov<^
/cal 6 fiev
e(j}aaK€v, ovy oVft)? ^ Ta yivopbeva eiricrKOTrelv i)
BiaTaTTeiv, Ti/xofcXP]^; 8e 6 /SeXr^crTO? eireipuTO
(7Vvayci)VL^€a6ai, rnjuv eWa o^Xov ttoWov eirippv-
1 ov8' . . . ohx ^-iros A.M.H. : oiJt' . . . ot,d' '6\ws M8S.

94
ZEUS RANTS
HERA
Well, if that isn't it, what else is plaguing you ?
Aren't you Zeus ?

ZEUS
Why, Hera, the circumstances
of the gods are as
bad as they can be, and as the saying goes, it rests
on the edge of a razor whether we are still to be
honoured and have our due on earth or are actually
to be ignored completely and count for nothing.
HERA
be that the earth has once more given
It can't
birth to giants, or that the Titans have burst their
bonds and overpowered their guard, and are once
more taking up arms against us ?
ZEUS
Take heart : the gods have naught to fear from
Hell.i
HERA
Then what that is terrible can happen ?
else
Unless something of that sort is worrying you, I
don't see why you should behave in our presence
like a Polus or an Aristodemus ^ instead of Zeus.
ZEUS
Why, Hera, Timocles the Stoic and Damis the
Epicurean had a dispute about Providence yesterday
(I don't know how the discussion began) in the
presence of a great many men of high standing, and
it was that fact that annoyed me most. Damis
asserted that gods did not even exist, to say nothing
of overseeing or directing events, whereas Timocles,
good soul that he is, tried to take our part. Then a
^ A parody on Euripides, Phoenissae 117.
2 Famous actors in tragedy, contemporaries of Demos-
thenes.
95
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
€VTO<; ovSev Trepan iyevero ttJ? ovvovata(;' Bie-
\v6riaav yap elaav6i<; einaice'êcrdat ra \oi7ra
avvOejjievoL, /cat vvv fieTeo) pot 7rdvTe<^ elaiv, 6it6-
T6/309 fcpaTi](T6L /COL d\r}6eaT6pa hoêi \eyeiv. opdre
Tov KLvSvvov, ci)9 iv (TTevw TravTcnracn ra r]fxeT€pa,
iv kvl dvSpl KLvhvvevojJieva; koI Svolv Odrepov r}
irapeojaOai avdy/cij, ovofxara fjuovov elvac 8oâvra<^,
i)TifJidaOai oddirep irpo tov, rjv 6 TLfjiOK\ri<; virepa^rj
Xeycov.
HPA
5 A.6Lvd ravra w? d\t^6(Ji)<;, koI ov /jidrr/v, o) Zev, 5
67r€Tpay(p8€L(; avroc^;.
ZET5
%v Be MOV Aavdr)^; tlvo^ rj Âvt ioirrj^ elval jjlol
\6yov iv rapd')(^(p Toaovray. tI S* ovv, &> 'Eip/jirj
Kcd "]^pa KoX ÂOrjvd, Trpdrrocfiev dv; avvevpia/cere

yap Kal avrol to ixepo<^.
EPMH2
'E^ft) [xev eirl to kolvov ^rjfxt Belv ti]v aice'îv
iiraveveyKelv iKKK-rjcriav avvayayovra.
HPA
KayLtot ravra ^ avvBoKel direp /cal tovtoo.
A0HNH i
Aw' ifjLol rdvavna Boksl, cj Trdrep, /mrj crvv-
rapdrretv tov ovpavov fiySc SfjXov elvat Oopv-
(Bovjjievov TM TTpdyfiaTL, irpdrTGiv Be ISla TavTa
t'f Mv K.paTi]aei jnev 6 Tt/xo/cX?;? Xeycov, 6 AdfiL^
Be KaTayeXaaOeX'^ drreiGLv Ik tt}? avvov(Tia<;.
^ ravra K. Schwartz : ravra MSS.
96
ZEUS RANTS
large crowd collected and they did not finish the
conversation they broke up after agreeing to finish
;
the discussion another day, and now everybody is in

suspense to see which will get the better of it and
appear to have more truth on his side of the
argument. You see the danger, don't you ? We
are in a tight place, for our interests are staked
on a single man, and there are only two things
that can happen —
we must either be thrust aside
in case they conclude that we are nothing but
names, or else be honoured as before if Timocles
gets the better of it in the argument.
HERA
A dreadful situation in all conscience and it wasn't
for nothing, Zeus, that you ranted over it.
ZEUS
And you was thinking of some Danae
supposed I
or Antiope in all this confusion Come now, Hermes
I
and Hera and Athena, what can we do? You too,

you know, must do your share of the planning.
HERMES
I hold the question should be laid before the
people let's call a meeting.
;
HERA
I think the same as he does.
ATHENA
But I think differently, father. Let's not stir
Heaven up and show that you are upset over the
all
business manage it yourself in such a way that
:
Timocles will win in the argument and Damis will

be laughed to scorn and abandon the field.
97
VOL. U. H
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
'AXV ovre ayvoi]aeTaL ravTU, m Zev, iv (âvepch
iaofxevT]^ ttj^ eptho^ rot? (piXoaocpot^, koi hoêi^

TvpavvLfco^ elvai ,a^ koivov/j^cvo^; irepl rcbv ovrco
jjLeyaXcjv /cat kolvcov airaaiv.
ZET2
^ OvKOvv rjBri /crjpvTTe Kcti TrapeaTcoaav airainer
6p6(i)<; yap \iy€C<i»
EPMH2
'Uov ^ ek 6/CK\7](7Lav (jvve\6eTQ ol Oeoi p.r]
irepl fieyaXcov
fiiWere, avveXOere irdvre^, rj/cere,
eKKKr}aid(Jopb6V.
ZET2
OvTco ylnXd, o) 'Eppîj, koX aTrXolfca koI ireâ
KrjpvrreL^, koX Tama iirl T0t9 pêyicnoi^ avy/caXayv;
EPMH2
'AWa 77 w? yap, o) Zed, dîok;
ZET2
!0LiToaep.vvv6, ro K7]pvyp.a
''Oirm dîo); (j>r)fii,
p.eTpoi'^ TLcrl Kal /jueyaXocjicovLa iroir^TLKfj, m fidWov

avveXOoiev.
EPMH2
ZeO, fcal pa-f cphoyv to,
Nat. dXiC eTTOTTOLMV, ft)
Se riKLcrra itolt^tlko^ elfir cocttc

TOiavra, iyo)
BtacpOepS) TO KTipvypâ i) vrrepfieTpa ^ evhea avvei-
pcov,Kal ye\(D^ eVrat irap avTol<; eVl ttj dfiovaia

TOiV eTTMV opM yovv Kal Tov
"AttoWco yekwp.evov
eV iviOL^ Twv XPV^f^^^' KaiTOi iTriKpvTrTOvai]^
98
ZEUS RANTS
HERMES
But people won't fail to know of it^ Zeus, as the
philosophers are to have their dispute in public, and
they will think you a tyrant if you don't call every-
one into counsel on such important matters of
common concern to all.
ZEUS
Well then, make a proclamation and let evêryone
come you are right in what you say.
;
HERMES
Hear ye, gods, assemble in meeting ! Don't delay !
Assemble one and all I Come ! We are to meet

about important matters.
ZEUS
Is that the sort of proclamation you make, Hermes,
so bald and simple and prosaic, and tliat too when
you are calling them together on business of the
greatest importance ?
HERMES
Why, how do you want me to do it, Zeus ?
ZEUS
How do I want you to do it ? Ennoble your
proclamation, I tell you, with metre and high-
sounding, poetical words, so that they may be more
eager to assemble.
HERMES
Yes, but that, Zeus, is the business of epic poets
and reciters, and am

not a bit of a poet, so that 1
I
shall ruin the proclamation by making my lines too

long or too short and it will be a laughing-stock to
them because of the limping verses. In fact I see
that even Apollo gets laughed at for some of his
oracles, although tliey are generally so beclouded
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
cuêiv Tou? ciKOvovTa^ iêrdêLV ra /juerpa.
ZET2
OvKOVV, 0) ^piXTj, TO)V O/irjpOV 67TC0V iyKUTa-
/jLLyvve ra ttoWcl tw Kripvyixan, ol<=i ^ eKelvo^ y/jLaî
avveKoker /jbe/jipfjadai Be ere eiKo^;.

EPMH2
Ov irdvv jxev ovtco craôi? /cat TTpoêip(o<^' irec-
pdao/jiaL 8^ 6/jL(o<;.
M?;t€ Ti9 ovv dyXeia Oeo^ . .^ /jL7]T€ t^9 aparjv,

fjLTjB^ av T(ov ^ TTOTa/jLcov fi€V6Tco poacf)^ ^ri/ceavoLO
firjSi T€ vv/jL(f>d(ov, a\V 6? Ato? eXOere Traz^re?

et? dyoprjv, oaaoi re K\vTa<=; Salvvad^ e/caroyLtySa?,
oaaoi T av fieaaroi rj rj fidXa 7Tdy)(y
vcrTaroi,
v(ovv/j,voi /ScofjLolarL Trap aKviaoLGL KaOrjo-Oe.
ZET5
7 Eu ye, &) *¥ipfjLrj, dpiara Ke/cijpv/CTat aoc, fcal
avvLacn yap '^Brj' axrre TrapaXafi/Bdvcov /cddiê
avTOv^ Kara rrjp dîav eKaarov, &>? av v\r)<; t)
T€')(yr] ^^ iTpoehpia fjuev tov<; ^yOfo-oO?, elra

iirl TOVTOi<; tov^ dpyvpov<{, elra 6^rj<; oiroaoi eXe-
(pdvTLVOL, elra rov^; ')(aXKOv^ rj Xidivov^;, /cat iv
avTol^ TOVTOL^ ol êihiov fiev r) *A\Kap,€vov<; rj
yivpwvo<; rj ^v(j)pdvopo<; rj tmv Ofiolcov re^virMV

7r007€TLfjL7](76(OV, ol (TUp(j)€T(oB6C<; Sk OVTOl Kul
1 oh A.M.H. : is MSS.
^ Word wanting inMSS. 6ea>v hi Headlara.
' av ruv Meliler : avT^v MSS.
".^r
lOO
ZEUS RANTS
with obscurity that those who hear them don't have
much chance to examine their metres.
ZEUS
Well then^ Hermes, put into the proclamation a lot
of the verses which Homer used in calling us to-
gether of course you remember them.
;
HERMES
Not at all as distinctly and readily as I might, but
ril have a try at it anyway :
Never a man of the gods bide away nor ever a

woman,
Never a stream stay at home save only the river of
Ocean,
Never a Nymph ; to the palace of Zeus you're to
come in a body.
There to confer. I bid all, whether feasters on
hecatombs famous.
Whether the class you belong to be middle or lowest,
or even
Nameless you sit beside altars that yield ye no
savoury odours.
ZEUS
Splendid, Hermes ! an proclamation,
excellent
that. Indeed, they are coming together already, so
take them in charge and seat each of them in his
proper place according to his material and workman-
ship, those of gold in the front row, then next to
them those of silver, then all those of ivory, then
those of bronze or stone, and among the latter let
the gods made by Phidias or Alcamenes or Myron
or Euphranor or such artists have precedence and
let these vulgar, inartistic fellows huddle together
101
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
aTe')(yoL iroppco rrov (jvvwcrOevTe^ (TicoTrfj avairXr]-
pOVVTCOV flOVOV Tr}V €KK\r](7LaV.
EPMH2
"Etrrai ravra /cat KaOehovvrai co? irpocyrjK€L.
aSX eKslvo ov ')(e2pov elhevat, rjv tc<; avrwv %/3f-
<TOv^ fiev 7] Koi TToXvTaXavTO'^ rr)v 6\ki^v, ovk
dfcpL^r)<; 8e rrjv ep'yacnav, aXXa KO/uLtBfj IBkoti/co^;
/cat daviuL/ji€rpo<;, irpo tcov 'X^dX.Kcov tmv M.vpa)vo<;
fcal JloXvKXeiTOv kgX tmv êtSiov koI AX/ca-
fjL€vov<; \iOiv(ov ^ fcaOeSecrat, rj Trpori/juoTepav ^prj
vo/jLi^€iv elvai ttjv rexvrjv;
ZET2
Êt')(^prjv /xev ouTft)?, dXX' 6 ')(^pvao<; ojul(o<; irpo-
71JJL7JT€0<;,
EPMH2
y[av6dvu>' TT\ovTivhrjv /cekeveL^; dXka fir) dpi-
(TTLvBtjv Ka6i<^6iv, Kol diTO Tifirj/Marcov rjKer ovv
et? TYjv TrpoeSpcav vfiel'^ ol ')(^pvaol. eoiKaai S'
ovv, ft) ZeO, 01 âp/SapiKol irpoehpevcretv jjlovol'
CO? Tou? ê"'EjWr]va<=; 6pa<; ottocol elai, ')(âpi€vre^
fiev Kal €V7Tpo(7037Toi /COL Kara T6')(vr)v ea")(7]iJiaTL-
ajxevoi, XlOivoc Se rj ')(aXKol ofio)(; ciTravre^ rj ol
ye TToXvTeXearaToi, avrcov iXecpdvrivot oXtyov
oaov Tov ')(pvaov eiriariXôv eôvre'^, &)? iinKe-
y^pdvQai KoX €7rr)vydo-9aL fJLovov, rd he evhov
vTTo^vXoi Kal ovTOi, fJbVMV dyeXa<^ 6Xa<i ejjLTroXi-
revofievaî aKeirovTe^' y Bei^St? 8e avri] koX 6
*'AvovI3l^ e/cecvoal koX irap avrov 6 "Att^? koI 6
M.L0p7]<; KOL 6 Mr]v 6x6)(pvcrot /cat /Sapei''; koX
ttoXvtI/jLtjtol ft)9 dXr}0(x)<;.
1 Aietvwp Bekker : twv Kidivccv MSS.

[02
ZEUS RANTS
m silence apart from the rest and just fill out the
quorum.
HERMES
It shallbe done, and they shall be seated pro-
perly but I had better find out about this if one
; ;
of them is of gold and very heavy, yet not precise

in workmanship but quite ordinary and misshapen,
is he to sit in front of the bronzes of Myron and
Polyclitus and the marbles of Phidias and Alcamenes^
or is precedence to be given to the art ?
ZEUS
It ought to be that way, but gold must have pre-
cedence all the same.
HERMES
I understand you tell me to seat them in order
:
of wealth, not in order of merit by valuation.

;
G^me to the front seats, then, you of gold. It is

likely, Zeus, that none but foreigners will occupy
the front row, for as to the Greeks you yourself see
what they are like, attractive, to be sure, and good
looking and artistically made, but all of marble or
bronze, nevertheless, or at most in the case of the
very richest, of ivory with just a little gleam of
gold, merely to the extent of being superficially
tinged and brightened, within while even these are
of wood and shelter whole droves of mice that keep
court inside. But Bendis here and Anubis over
there and Attis beside him and Mithras and Men
are of solid gold and heavy and very valuable
indeed.
103
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
nOSEIAHN
9 Kal TOVTO, 0) 'FjpfjiT], SiKaiOV, TOV KVVO-
TTOV
irpoacoiTOv tovtov irpoKa6i^€LV fiov tov AlyvTrriov,
KOi Tama Uoa6iBct)vo<; 6W09;
EPMH2
Nai, aWa ae fjuev, ew evvoalyaie, yaXKovv 6
AixTLTTTrof; fcal tttcoôv eiroirâev, ovk eyovTOiW tots
K.opLvOi(ov ')(^pva6v' ovTO^ Be 0X0^9 fierdWotf;
7r\ov(TC(OTep6<; iarcv. ave'Xj^dOai ovv ')(^pr) irapeo)-
a/jL6vov, /cal fir) ayavaKreiv el tl<^ plva T7]\iKavT7]v
'^pvarjv eô)!^ tt poTeTi/jbrjaerai crov.
A*POAITH
10 OvKOvv, ft) '^p/jbij, Ka/jL€ Xafioov ev toi<; irpoehpoi^
TTOV KciOiê' y^pvai) yap el/jui.
EPMH2
0^% ocra ye, m Kafxe opav, a)OC
ÂcppoSiTrj,
el fjur) Trdvv XlOou tov \euKOv, UevT eXrjOev,
Xtj/jlm,
oljiai, XiOoTo/jiTjOelaa, eZra Boâv ovtco Tlpa^LTeXei

ÂcppoBiTT) yevofievrj K^vlBlol^; irapeBodrj^;.
A^POAITH
Kat dîoTTidTov col fidpTVpa tov "Ofirjpov
firjv
Trapeô/jiai dvco koI KdTco tcov pa\Jr(pBLcov XP^Î^

fxe TTjv Â(f)poBiTr)v elvat XeyovTa.
EPMH2
Kal yap tov ÂttoWco 6 avTO'^ 7roXu')(^pvaov
elvai e^rj /cal irXovaiov dWa vvv oyjrei fcd/celvov
ev T0fc9 êvyiTai,<; irov KaOrjpievoVy direaTeâvod-

fjuevov Te ^ vtto tcov XyaTOdv /cal tov<; /c6XXo7ra<;
T?}9 KiOdpa^ iTepL(jeav\7)iJLevov. wcttg dydira /cal
ai) jJUT) Trdvv ev tw 67]ti/cm i/c/cXTjcridôvcra,
* T€ Fritzsche : 76 MSS.
104
ZEUS RANTS
POSEIDON
Now why is it right, Hermes, for this dog-faced
fellow from Egypt ^ to sit in front of me when I am
Poseidon ?
HERMES
That's very well, but Lysippus made you of
all
bronze and a pauper because the Corinthians had no
gold at that time, while this fellow is richer than you
are by mines-full. So you must put up with being
thrust aside and not be angry if one who has such
a snout of gold is preferred before you.
APHRODITE
Well then, Hermes, take me and seat me in the
front row somewhere, for I am golden.
HERMES
Not as can see, Aphrodite unless I am
far as I :
stone blind, you are of white marble, quarried on

Pentelicus, no doubt, and then, the plan having ap-
proved itself to Praxiteles, turned into Aphrodite
and put into the care of the Cnidians.
APHRODITE
But I'll prove it to you by a competent witness.
Homer, who says all up and down his lays that I
am " golden Aphrodite."
HERMES
Yes, and the same man said that Apollo was rich
in gold and wealthy, but now you'll see that he too
is sitting somewhere among the middle class, un-
crowned by the pirates and robbed of the pegs of

his lyre. So be content yourself if you are not quite
classed with the common herd in the meeting.
* Anubis.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KOA02202 POAinN
11 'E/zol Se Tt9 av ipicrai roXfiijcreiev 'HXtot) t€
ovTL KoX TrfkiKOvrw TO fieyeOo<s; el yovv /jlt] virep-
(j)vd fiTjSe vTrep/jLerpov ol Vohioi Karacr/cevdaacrOaL
fie r]î(D(Tav, diro tov 'lctou reXea-jjiaTO^ eKKaiheKa
"^pvaov^ 6eov<; eireTTOLrjVTO av ware dvdXoyov
7ro\vTeX€crTepo<; av vo/jnôifirjv. koX irpoaeariv
7} re^VT} Kal rrjf; epyaaia'^ to aKpiês iv fieyiOet
TOCTOVTQ),
EPMH2
Tt, w Zev, XPV 'ôietv; SvaKptrov yap i/jLol
yovv TOVTO' el fjiev yap €9 rrjv vXrjv aTro/SXi-

TTOCfiL, ')(â\KOv<^ icTTCV, el he XoyiÔLfxrjv dcj)' oirocrayv
raXdvTcov KeâXKeurac, virep tou? TrevTaKoaco-
/.LeSl/jLvov^ av eor].
ZET2
Tt yap eSei. Trapelvai Kal rovrov iXiyôvra
rrjv Tcov aXX(ov fii/cporrjra Kal evo')(Xi]aovTa rfj
Ka6e8pa; irXrjv dXX\ oi ^PoSlcdv dpicrre, el Kal
OTi fjidXiara 7rpoTi-fjir]Teo(; el tmv y^pvaodv, ttco?
dv Kal irpoehpevoL^, el [irj herjaei dvaarrjvaL
Trdvraf; co? KaOeôto, Tr]v TlvvKa oXijv
fiovo^
Oarepa tmv eTrcXa^cov;
irvyoiv Mare djieivov
iTOii]aeL'^ opdoo-rdSrjv eKKXrjaid^cov, eVi/ce/^fô)?
Tft) avveSpifp.
EPMH2
12 *ISou irdXiv dXXo SvaXvrov Kal tovto' ')(aXK(jd
fjuev yap earbv Kal Te')(yrj(; t?}? avrrjf;,

dfi(f>OT€pco
AvaLTTTrov eKarepov to epyov, Kal to pêyiaTOv,
6julot[/jlol> tcl e? yevo^, aTe Br] Aô? TralSe, 6
Ai,6vu(T0<; ovTOcrl Kal H/oa/cX?}?. 7roTepo<; ovv
avTMv TTpoKaOiêi; (piXoveiKOvai yap, co? 6pa<:,
io6
ZEUS RANTS
COLOSSUS OF RHODES
But who would make bold to rival me, when I am
Helius and so great in size ? If the Rhodians had
not wanted to make me monstrous and enormous,
they might have made sixteen gods of gold at the
same expense, so in virtue of this I should be
considered more valuable. And I have art and pre-
cision of workmanship, too, for all my great size.
HERMES
What's to be done, Zeus.'' This is a hard
question to decide, at least for me for if I should
;
consider the material, he is only bronze, but if I com-

pute how many thousands it cost to cast him, he
would be more than a millionaire.
ZEUS
Oh, why had he to turn up to disparage the
smallness of the others and to disarrange the
seating ? See here, most puissant of Rhodians,
however much you may deserve precedence over
those of gold, how can you sit in the front row
unless everyone else is to be obliged to stand up so
that you alone can sit down, occupying the whole
Pnyx with one of your hams ? Therefore you had
better stand up during the meeting and stoop over
the assembly.
HERMES
Here another question that is hard to solve.
is still
Both of them are of bronze and of the same artistic

merit, each being by Lysippus, and what is more
they are equals in point of family, for both are sons
of Zeus —I mean Dionysus here and Heracles.
Which of them has precedence ? For they are quar-
relling, as you see.
107
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ZET2
^Larpi/Sofiev, irnXac heov i/c/cXyjaidêLV
&> 'Ep/Jir),
o)(TT€ vvv fiev avafjii^ KaOtôvrwv, evO'

av eKaaro^
eOeXr), el(Tav6i<; he airohoOrjaejaL irepl rovTfov eV-
KX-qaia, Kti'yay etaofjiai totc rivrtva XPV 'ôu]-
(raadai rr)v tcl^lv eV avroh.
EPMH2
13 *AXV, 'EpdK\eL<^, Oopvôvcn ra /coiva koI
ft)?
"
ra KaO" rjfiipav ravra ÔMvre^, Aiavofxa^' irov
• TO veKTap; rj dfjufipoala eTriXiTrev ttov at eKaTOfi-
^
/3aL; KOLva^ ra^ 6vaLa<;'^
ZET2
KaTaatcoTTTjcrov avroix;, co 'EpfMij, ft)9 fiddcoaiv
OTOV €V€fca (rvv€\eyr]o-av tov<; Xrjpov^ rovrov^

dcbivra.
EPMH2
Ov% diravre^, w Zev, rrjv 'EWrjVoyv^ (pcovrjv
(jwiaaiv iyo) Be ov ttoX^yXcotto? elp^h ware /cat
tKv6aL^ fcal Ile/jo-at? koI <dpa^lv^ koI K€\T0t9
%ei/)l
avverd KrjpvTreiv. dfieivov ovv, olfiat, rfj
(TTjfjiaiveiv /cat irapaKeXeveaOai

aKoirdv.
ZEY2
OuTft) TToiei.
EPMH2
14 Eu 76, di^wvorepoL yeyev'i]VTai croi tmv aocî-
(TTMV. MaT€ CO pa BrjfjLTjyopelv. opa^; irdXat 7r/309
ae dTropXiiTOvai TrepLfjcevovre^ 6 ri kol ipeh.
ZET2
'AXX* 6 ye ireirovOa, w 'Epp^r), ovk dv oKvijaar/xi
1
Text rnN : some MSJS. repeat one or more of these
phrases.
108
"
ZEUS RANTS
ZEUS
We are wasting time, Hermes, when we should
have been holding our meeting long ago, so for the
present let them sit promiscuously wherever each
wishes some other day we shall call a meeting
;
about this, and I shall then decide what order of

precedence should be fixed in their case.
HERMES
Heracles ! what a row they are making with their
usual daily shouts " Give us our shares " '' Where
: !
is the nectar?" "The ambrosia is all oône I
" Where are the hecatombs? " " Victims in common " !
ZEUS
Hush them up, Hermes, so that they may learn
why they were called together, as soon as they have
stopped this nonsense.
HERMES
Not of them understand Greek, Zeus, and I
all
am no polyglot, to make a proclamation that Scyths
and Persians and Thracians and Celts can under-
stand. I had better sign to them with my hand,
I think, and make them keep still.
ZEUS
Do so.
HERMES
Good ! There you have them, quieter than the
sophists. It is time to make your speech, then.
Come, come, they have been gazing at you this long
time, waiting to see what in the world you are going
to say.
ZEUS
Well, Hermes, I need not hesitate to tell you how
109
y
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

vlov ovra.
7rpo<i <Te elirelv olaOa oVft)? Oappa\6o<;
del Kol fieydXrjyopo^ iv rat? i/CKX7](TLai<i rjv.
EPMH2
Olha Kcu iSeSteiv ye d/covcov aov hr] [iriyo povvTO<;
fcal p^dXiara oirore r)7reiKeL<^ ^ dvaaTrdaeip ex

/SdOpcov TTjv yrjv /cal rrjv OdXaacrav avTol^ 6eol<i
ir)v aeipdv eKeivr^v ttjv xP^^W f^ciOei^.
ZET2
*AWa vvv, Si TeKvoVy ovk olSa ecre vtto tov
fieyidov^ TMV icpearcoTcov Setvcov elVe koI vtto tov
itXtjOov^ twv TrapovTcov —
TroXvdecoTdrr) yap, co?
6pd<^, 7] i/c/cXijaia —
SiaTerdpaypLaL ttjv yvcop^rjv kol
VTTOTpop.o'; elp.L Kol rj yXcoTTa fwi TreTreSrjpêvT]
eoi/ce' TO ê droTrcoTarov dirdvTOiVy i'jTLXeXr)crp,ac
TO TTpooipLLOv Tcov oXcoVy o TTapecTKevaadp^Tjv 609
evTrpoaoiTTOTdTT] pioi rj dp')(r] yevoLTO irpoî avTOV'i,
EPMH5
^ Air oX(oXe/ca(;, w Zev, diravTa' ol he vtto-
TTTevovcri ttjv cncoTrrjv /cai tl vrreppeya KaKov dKOv-
aecrOuL irpoahoKOicnv, e(f oto) au ^âyiteXXet?.
ZET2
TiovXei ovVy 0) 'Eipfir], to 'OpurjpLKov eKelvo
TTpooifjLtov dvappayjrwStjo-a) ttô? avTOv^;
EPMH5
To TTolov;
ZET2
lêKXvTe fxev iravTe^; t€ deol Trdaat re Oeaivai,
^
TiirelKeis vulg. : &v yniiAtis y ; a.nei\on]s fi.
IIO
ZEUS RANTS
I feel, since you are my son. You know how confi-
dent and loud-spoken 1 always was in our meetings ?
HERMES
Yes, and used to be frightened wlien I heard
I
you making a speech, above all when you threatened
to pull up the earth and the sea from their
foundations, with the gods to boot, letting down
chat cord of gold.^
ZEUS
But noWj my
boy, I don't know wliether because
of the greatness of the impending disasters or
because of the number of those present (for the
meeting is packed with gods, as you see), I am
confused in the head and trembly and my tongue
seems to be tied and w^hat is strangest of all, I have
;
forgotten the introduction to the whole matter, wliicli

I prepared in order that my beginning might present
them "a countenance most fair." ^
HERMES
You have spoiled They are
everything,
Zeus.
suspiciousof your silence and expect to hear
about some extraordinary disaster because you are
delaying.
ZEUS
Then do you want me to recite tliem my famous
Homeric introduction ?
HERMES
Which one ?
ZEUS
" Hark to me, all of the gods, and all the goddesses
likewise." ^
^ Iliad, 8, •24 ; compare Zeus Catechized, 4.
2 Pindar, Olymp. 6, 4. ^ Iliad S, 5.
Ill
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
"Airaye, iKavo)^ fcal 7rpo<; r)/jLa<; TreirapoyByTal^
GOL ra TTpcora. irXrjv el Sokcc, to fiev (popn/cbv
TMV fierpcov a(p6<i, av 8e tmv ArjfMoaOevov^; Srj/jirjyo-
Kara îXlttttov rjvTLva av eOekr]^ avvetpe,
pLO)v Twz^
oXija ivaWdrrcov ovrco yovv ol ttoWol vvv prjro-
pevovcTiv.
ZEY2
Eu Xeyei^; riva prfTOpeiav kol pa-
e7riTO[x6v
Btovpylav ravTr/v evKUipov tol<; dTropov/xevoiî.
EPMH2
15 "Apâc 3' ovv TTOTC.
ZEY2
ttoWcov av, 6) dv8p€<s Oeoi, y^prjfjidTCdv
Az^tI
vfjbd^ kXeaOai vop^l^co, el âvepov yevoiro vpuv 6 ri
Sy TTore dpa tovto eanv ecf)^ or ay vvv G-vve\ey7]Te.
ore roivvv tovto ovtw^ ^X^^> TrpoarjKeL 7rpoOv/xco<;
aKpodadai p.ov \eyovTO<;. o /.cev ovv Trapcov KaLpo^,
ft) Oeoi, p.ovovov)(l Xeyec cpcovrjv d(j)Leh otl tcov
irapovTcov eppcopîvco^; dvTiXrjTTTeov rnjulv eaTiv,
r)jjLei<i 8e irdvv oXLycopco^; e')(eLv SoKov/nev Trpo<; avTd,
ôvXo/jLai 8e rjhri — koX yap eTrikenTet o Arjp,o-
aOevr)<; —avTa v/itv SijXcocraL cra(^co9, e</) oI? 8ia-
Tapa')(6e\<; crvvrjyayov ttjv e/cKXijcrlav.
Xê9 ydp, ft)? laTe, Îvrjatdeov tov vav/cX^jpov
6vaavT0<; ra acDTrjpLa eirl ttj vtjI oXiyov Seiv
diroXo fjievr) irepl tov Ka(f)^]pea, ela-Tico/jLeOa ev
TLeipaiei, 07r6(TOv<; rjficov o M.v7]cn0eo(; iirl ttjv
Ovaiav eKoXeaev eha /jueTa ra? aTrovSd^; v/xelî
jxev dXXo<; dXXijv eTpdireade, co? efcdcTTO) eSoêv,

eyco oe —
ovoeTrco yap iravv oyê rjv — avrfKuov e? to
^ irs'rrapcfSrjTai du Scnil : ireTrapcfi/rfTai MSS.
IT2
ZEUS RANTS
HERMES
Tut, tut you gave îs enough of your parodies
!
in the beginning. If you wish, however, you can

stop your tiresome versification and dehver one of
Demosthenes' speeches against PhiHp, any one you
choose, with but little modification. Indeed, that
is the way most people make speeches nowadays.
ZEUS
Good Ia short cut to speechmaking and a
That is
timely help to anyone who doesn't know what to
say.
HERMES
Do begin, then.
ZEUS
Gentlemen of Heaven, in preference to great
riches you would choose, I am sure, to learn why it
is that you are now assembled. This being so, it
behoves you to give my words an attentive hearing.
The present crisis, gods, all but breaks out in
speech and says that we must grapple stoutly with
the issues of the day, but we, it seems to me, are
treating them with great indifference.^ I now
desire —
my Demosthenes is running short, you see
— to tell you plainly what it was that disturbed me
and made me call the meeting.
Yesterday, as you know, when Mnesitheus the
ship-captain made the offering for the deliverance of
his ship, which came near being lost off Caphereus,
we banqueted at Piraeus, those of us whom
Mnesitheus asked to the sacrifice. Then, after the
libations, you all went in different directions, wher-
ever each of you thought fit, but I myself, as it was
not very late, went up to town to take my evening
^ Compare the beginning of Demosthenes' first Olynthiac.
vol.. II. I
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
acTTV ft)9 7r€pi7raTi]aaL/jbt to SeiXcvbv ev KepafieiKO),
ivvocbv a/jua tov ÎvqaiOeov rrjv /jutfcpoXoylav, 09
eKfcaiSeKa Oeov<^ ecmcov aXe/crpvova [xovov Kar-
edvcre, yepovra Ka/cecvov r^hr) koX /copv^covra, koX
\LJ3av(OT0v ')(6v8pov(; rerrapaf; ev jxaXa evpcortcov-
Ta<^, CO? avTifca eTncr/SeaOijvat tco avOpaKL, ixrjhe
oaov dfcpa rfj pcvl 6(j<^paivea6aL tov /cairvov irapa-
o")(ovTa<^, KOI ravra eKarofiâ^ 6Xa<; v7roa')(ô-
fi€vo<; oiroTG rj vav<; ijSrj 7rpoae(êpeTO r(p a/coTreX^
Kol eVro? '^v TMv ip/xdrcov,
16 'EttcI Se ravra ivvocov yiypo/jLat Kara rrjv
UoiklXtjv, opco 7rX7]0o<; avdpcoTrcov Trd/jbrroXv avve-
(Tr7]fc6<;, ivLOVf; fxev evhov ev avrrj rfj aroa, ttoXXou?
8e Kal ev rw vTralOpcp, Kai nva*^ ôa)vra<; fcal Bia-

T€Cvo/jLevov<; iirl ro)v Od/ccov Ka67]ixevov<^. elKacra^;
ovv oirep rjv, (f)LXo(j6(ôv<^ elvairwv epidriKOiv rov-
Tcov, eôvXiÔrfv linara'^ aKovaai avrcov o n fcal
Xeyovar /cat — erv')(ov yap ve(j)eXr)v rcov 'TTa')(eiO)v
7repi/3e/3X7]/jiivo(; —
(7')(7][jLari(7a<; ifiavrov el<} rbv
eKeivwv rpoTTOV /cat rbv irayycova eTrtaTraadfievof;
ev fidXa e(J)KeLV (piXo(T6cf)(p' Kal Brj TrapayKcovtad-
fjL€vo<i Tou? TToXXov^; elaepyop.ai dyvoovpêvo^ oari'^
€t7]v. evpi(TK(D re rbv ^FjircKOvpecov Ad/xLVy rbv eiri-
rpnrrov, Kal TifiOKXea rbv XrcoiKov, dvSpcov /3iX-

riarov, eKOvfzco^; rrdvv epiôvra<^' 6 yovv Ti,p,OKXi]<;
Kal 78pov Kal rr)v (pcovrjv ijSrj eêKeKOirro virb rri<;
ôri<^, 6 Aa/xf9 Be to aaphdviov einyeXMv en p,dX-
Xov rrapod^vve rbv Tt/jLOKXea.
nv oeapa rrepv ifp^Mv iTa<^ A-0709 avrot<;' o /lev
yap Kardparo<^ AapLf; ovre irpovoelv rjpdf; e(f>aaKG
TOiv dvdpcoTTCov ovr eTTLCTKOTrelv rd yivofieva irap'
avrol^;, ovBev dXXo rj /jLrjSe 0X0)9 ^yLta9 elvat Xeycov
114
ZEUS RANTS
stroll the Potters' Quarter, reflecting as I went
ill
upon the stinginess of Mnesitlieus. To feast six-

teen gods he had sacriiiced only a cock, and a
wheezy old cock at that, and four cakes of frankin-
cense that were thoroughly well mildewed, so that
they went right out on the coals and didn't even
give off enough smoke to smell with the tip of your
nose and yet he had promised whole herds of cattle
;
while the ship was drifting on the rock and was

inside the ledges.
But when, thus reflecting, I had reached the
Painted Porch, 1 saw a great number of men gathered
together, some inside, in the porch itself, a number
in the court, and one or two sitting on the seats
bawling and straining their lungs. Guessing (as was
indeed the case) that they were philoso])liers of the
disputatious order, I decided to stop and hear what
they were saying, and as 1 happened to be wrapped
in one of my thick clouds, I dressed myself after
their style and lengthened my beard with a pull,
making myself very like a philosopher ; then,
elbowing the rabble aside, I went in without being
recognized. I found the Epicurean Damis, that sly
rogue, and Timocles the Stoic, the best man in the
world, disputing madly at least Timocles was sweat-
:
ing and had worn his voice out with shouting, while
Damis with his sardonic laughter was making him
more and more excited.
Their whole discussion was about us. That con-
founded Damis asserted that we do not exercise any
providence in behalf of men and do not oversee
what goes on among them, saying nothing less than
that we do not exist at all (for that is of course what
115
I 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Tovro yap avrw hifKahrj o Xoyo'; eSvvaro' Kalyadv
TLV€<; ot iirrjvovv avrov. o 3' erepo^ ra rj/jLerepa o
Ti/jLO/cXfj^ e^povei koI vwepefjidxî' teal rjyavdKTei
Kol TrdvTa rpoirov avvrjycoviêro ttjv eTri/xiXeiav
r)/jL(x)v 67raLVMV koX Bi€^LOt)v CO? €V fcocTficp KCLi rdêi
rfj TrpoaijKOvcrr) iî^yovfieOa kol SiardTTO/jbev e/ca-
ara' /cat el')(e fjuev rtva<; kol avTO<; rov^ iiratvovv-
raf;. ttXtjv eKeKfjLrjKei yap tjStj /cal Trov^pcofi ecfycovei.
fcal TO TrXrjOo^ et? rbv Ad/jbtv dire^XeTre —

avvel^;,
8e eyot) to KLvSvvev/jia rr)v vvKia eKiXevaa irepi-

^vOeiaav SiaXvcrat rrjv (Tvvovaiav, dTrrjXOov ovv
eU TTjv vaTepaiav avvOefievoL eh TeXo<; eireêXevae-
aOai TO aKefipia, Kayod TrapofiapTcov toI<; iroXXoh
lTTr)Kovov fxeTa^v dinovTcov otfcaSe Trap* avTov^
€7raLV0vvT(i>v TO, Tov ^d{jLiho<; KOI ijSrj Trapd ttoXv
alpovfiivcov Ta e/ceivov ijaav Se Kal ol jirj d^Lovv-
T€«? TTpOKaTeyvcoKevat tmv evavTicov dXXd TrepLixevecv
el TC Kal 6 Tt/xo/cX?}? avptov epet.

18 TavT ecFTiv e^' oi^ vfid'^ o-vveKdXeaa, ov puKpd,
CO 6eoi, el XoytelaOe (h<; rj iraaa jJbev rj/iw Tifirj Kal
86â Kal TTpoaoBo^; ol dvOpoirroi elcnv el Sôvtol rrei-

aOelev rj firjSe oXco? 6eov(; elvai rj ovTa^ dir povor)Tov<^
elvai cr<p(x)v avTcov, dOvTa Kal dyepaaTa Kal dTt-
fjbrjTa r)/jLtv ecTTac to, eK 7779 Kal fiaTrjv ev ovpav(p
KadeBov/xeOa Xtfia) eôpievoL, eopTcov eKeivcov Kal
Travrjyvpecov Kal dycovcov Kal Ovcncbv Kal iravvv-
^(ihoLiV Kal TTo/jiTTMV (JTepovpbevoL. ct)9 ovv virep
TrjKiKOVTcov (j)7]/M Belv dTravTa<; emvoelv tl acoTTjpiov
Tol<; irapovcn Kal a^' otov KpaTijaec puev Ti/xo-
KXrjf; Kal hoêi dXrjOeaTepa Xeyeiv, 6 Ad/jLi^ 8e KaTa-
yeXaaOrjaeTai irpoî tmv dKOvovTcov ft)9 eycoye ov
irdvv T& TijuLOKXel Treiroida ft)9 KpaTijaei Kad^ eav-
116
zp:us rants
his argument implied), and there Mere some uho
applauded him. The other, however, I mean
Timocles, was on our side and fought for us and got
angry and took our part in every way, praising our
management and telling how we govern and direct
everything in the appropriate order and system and ;
he too had some who applauded him. But finally he

grew tired and began to speak badly and the crowd
began to turn admiring e3'ês on Damis so, seeing;
the danger, I ordered night to close in and break up

the conference. They went away, therefore, after
agreeing to carry the dispute to a conclusion the
next day, and I myself, going along with the crowd,
overheard them praising Damis' views on their way
home and even then far preferring his side there :
were some, however, who recommended them not to

condemn the other side in advance but to wait and
see what Timocles would say the next day.
That is why I you together, gods, and it is
called
no trivial reason if you consider that all our honour
and glory and revenue comes from men, and if they
are convinced either that there are no gods at all
or that if there are they have no thought of men,
we shall be without sacrifices, without presents and
without honours on earth and shall sit idle in Heaven
in the grip of famine, choused out of our old-time
feasts and celebrations and games and sacrifices and
vigils and processions. Such being the issue, I say
that all must try to think out something to save the
situation for us, so that Timocles will win and be
thought to have the truth on his side of the argu-
ment and Damis will be laughed to scorn by the
audience : for I have very little confidence that
117
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ToVy Tjv Koi ra rrap' rj/xcbv avro) Trpoa-yevrjrai,.
fJbT)
K1]pVTT€ OVV, M 'EipfJLT], TO /C^pVy/JUa TO €K TOV VO/jLOV,

ft)9 avLo-rdfjievoL avjjbpovXevoLev.
EPMH2
"hKove, aiya, fxr) rdparTe' Tt? dyopeveiv jBov-
Xerai tmv rekeioiv OeCov, oh eêcm; tl tovto;
ovSeh dvLararai, aXV rjavx^^^re ttô? to /j.eyeOo<;
Twv 7)yye\piev(ov eK7re7r\7]y/mevoL;
MnM02
19 'A\X' uuet? /Jiev Trdvre^ vScop fcal yala ycvoiaQe'
eyoD Se, el ye /jloi fiera 7rapprj(TLa<; \eyetv Sodeir},
iToXka dv, 0) ZeO, exoiP't, elirelv.
ZEY2
Aeye, m Mojê, rrdw Oappcbv Sfj\o<; yap el eirl
Tfo av/jb(pepovTi irapprjcnacroLLevo^.
MnM02
OvKOVv aKOveTe, w Oeoi, rd ye diro KapBia<;,
(bacTLV' eyco yap rrdw
/cal TrpoaeSoKcov e? roSe d/irj-
vai^ta? 7)/ji€T€pa /cal ttoXXou?

7T€pLcrT7]aea6aL rd
'tocovtov<; dvacpvaeo-OaL rjfilv (70<pL(TTd<;, irap r)p,MV
avTMV rrjv alrlav T979 roXpiT]^ \a/j.^dvovTa^' Kal

pbd Tr]v %epLLV ovre tw 'Ettlkovpm dîov opylêaOai
ovre T0fc9 6pbi\7)Tah avTOv Kal BLaB6xoi<; tmv
Xoycov, el TOtavra irepl rjp^wv v7reL\r)(j)aaiv. rj tI
yap avToij^; d^tcoo-ece Ti9 di^ (j)povetv, oirorav opMat
ToaavTTjv ev tw Ûo t7]v rapaxv^, fcal tou9 fiev
yprjarovf; avTMV dp,eXovp,evov(;, ev Trevia Kai
voo-ot^ fcal SovXeia Kara^6ecpopb€VOV(;, TrafiTrovr]-
118
ZEUS RANTS
Timocles will win by himself if he has not our
backing. Therefore make your lawful proclamation^
HermeSj so that they may arise and give counsel.
HERMES
Hark ! Hush noise
! No Who of the gods in
!
full standing that have the right to speak wants to

do so ? What's this ? Nobody arises ? Are you
dumfounded by the greatness of the issues presented^,
that you hold your tongues ?
MOMUS
'^ Marry, you others may all into water and earth be
converted " ;i
but as for me, if I were privileged to speak frankly _,
I would have a great deal to say.
ZEUS
Speak, Momus, with full confidence, for it is clear
that your frankness will be intended for our common
good.
MOMUS
Well then, listen, gods, to what comes straight
from the heart, as the saying goes. I quite expected
that we should wind up in this helpless plight and
that we should have a great crop of sophists like
this, who get from us ourselves the justification for
their temerity and I vow by Themis that it is not
;
right to be angry either at Epicurus or at his

associates and successors in doctrine if they have
formed such an idea of us. W^hy, what could one
expect them to think when they see so much con-
fusion in life, and see that the good men among
them are neglected and waste away in poverty and
^ Iliad
1, 99 addressed to the Greeks by Menelaus when
;
they were reluctant to take up the challenge of Hector.
119
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
pov(; Se Kal fiiapov^; av0p(O7Tov<; 7rpoTL/jLO)fjLivov<;
/cat VTrepTrXovTovi'Tat; fcal eTr/Tarroi/ra? to??
KpeiTToai, Kal rov<; jxev lepocrvXov^; ov KoXaô-
fievov<; aWa Bia\avOdvovTa<;, dvaaKoXoTrLô/ne-
vov<; Se Kal Tv/x7TavLôfi€vov<; eviore tou? ovSev
dStKOvvraf;;
EtVoTft)9 Toivvv ravra opcovre^ ovrco hiavoovvTat
20 TTepl r)ixMV &)9 ovSep oA,q)9 optcov, kuI fxaXicrra
orav aKovcocrt tcoi> -x^pyâ/jiMv Xeyovrcov, ay; Sta-
/3a9 Tt9 Tov " AXvv fieydXrjv dp')(r]v KarakvcreL, ov
fievroi BrfKovPTCov, etre Tr]v avrov etre tyjv tmv
TToXe/JLLcov' Kal ttoXlv
0) Oeir) %a\afMi(;, diroXel'^ he crv reKva yvvaiKMV.
Kol Tlepaat ycip, ol/iai, Kal ''EA\r]v€(; yuvaiKcov

T€Kva Tjaav. orav fiev <yap tmv payfrufSayv cikovo)-
aiv, OTt Kal epoifiev Kal rtrpcocrKO/jieOa Kal heajjiov-
fjieOa Kal hovXevofxev Kal aTa<Tidôp,€v Kal fivpua
ocra Trpdyfiara e')(oiJiev, Kal ravra fiaKapioi Kal
d<pOapTOt dîovvT€<; elvai, rl ciWo rj SiKaico<^ Kara-
yeXwai Kal ev ovSepl Xoyco rtOeprai rd t]/bLeT€pa;
rj/jL€L<; Be dyavaKTOvfiev, el TtP€<; dpOpcoiroi 6Vt69
ov irdpv dporjToi hie\e<y)(ovai ravra Kal rrjv
irpovoiav r)/jLO)p wapwOovprat, Seop dyarrdp el
rive^ TjfMv en Ovovac roiavra eâpaprdpovcrip.
21 Kal fxoL epravOa, m Zev — fiopoL ydp eafiep
Kal ovBel<; dpOpcoTro^; rrdpean rw avWoyco eô)
^}ipaK\eov<; Kal Alopvo-ov Kal Tapv/jLr)Sov<; Kal
ÂaKXrj'TTtov, rcop irapeyypdrrrwv rovrcop drro- —
Kpipac fier d\i]6ela<i, ec irori aoi ejxekTjaep e?
r20
ZEUS RANTS
illness and bondage -while scoundrelly^ pestilential
felloM'^s highly honoured and have enormous
are
wealth and lord it over their betters^ and that temple-
robbers are not punished but escape, while men who
are guiltless of all wrong-doing sometimes die by the
cross or the scourge ?
It is natural, then, that on seeing this they
think of us as if we were nothing at all, especially
when they hear the oracies saying that on crossing
the Halys somebody will destroy a great kingdom,
without indicating whether he will destroy his own
or that of the enemy and again
;
" Glorious Salamis, death shalt thou bring to the

children of women," ^
for surely both Persians and Greeks were the

children of women And when the reciters tell
!
them that we fall in love and get wounded and are

thrown into chains and become slaves and quarrel
among ourselves and have a tliousand cares, and
all this in spite of our claim to be blissful and
deathless, are they not justified in laughing at us and
holding us in no esteem ? We, however, are vexed
if any humans not wholly without wits criticize all
this and reject our providence, when we ought to be
glad if any of them continue to sacrifice to us,
offending as we do.
J
I beg you here and now, Zeus, as we are alone and
there is no man in our gathering exce})t Heracles
and Dionysus and Ganymede and Asclepius, these
—
naturalized aliens answer me truly, have you ever
had enough regard for those on earth to find out
^ From the famous oracle about the '* wooden wall,"
which Theraistocles interpreted for the Athenians (Herod.
7, 140 ff.).
121
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
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01 âvXot rj o'iTive^ oi ')(^pr]aToi elaiv aXX' ovk
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eh Tou? TTovov^, ZeO, ai) oXiyov i^povnaa^ dv
ft)
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elr ev
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Kal €9 roSe avrd Trpoayayovrcov. Mcoyitw 8e ov
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Kal Ta9 Ovaia^ KapTrovfievcov.
122
ZEUS RANTS
who are the good among them and who are the bad ?
No, you can't say that you have In fact, if
!
Theseus on his way from Troezen to Athens had

not incidentally done away with the marauders, as
far as you and your providence are concerned nothing-
would hinder Sciron and Pityocamptes and Cercyon
and the rest of them from continuing to live in
luxury by slaughtering wayfarers. And if Eurystheus,
an upright man, full of providence, had not out of
the love he bore his fellow men looked into the
conditions everywhere and sent out this servant
of his,^ a hard-working fellow eager for tasks, you,
Zeus, would have paid little heed to the Hydra and
the St}miphalian birds and the Thracian mares and
the insolence and wantonness of the Centaurs.
If you would have me speak the truth, we sit
here considering just one question, whether any-
body is slaying victims and burning incense at our
altars everything else drifts with tlie current, swept
;
aimlessly along. Therefore Ave are getting and

shall continue to get no more than we deserve when
men gradually begin to crane their necks upward and
find out that it does them no good to sacrifice to us
and hold processions. Then in a little while you
shall see the Epicuruses and Metrodoruses and
Damises laughing at us, and our pleaders over-
powered and silenced by them. So it is for the rest
of you to check and remedy all this, you who carried
it so far. To me, being only Momus, it does not
make much difference if I am to be unhonoured, for
even in bygone days I was not one of those in
honour, while you are still fortunate and enjoy your
sacrifices.
* Heracles.
123
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ZET2
23 TovTov jievy w 6eoi, \r)pelv idawfjiev del Tpa)(vv
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ZET2
25 Ilatêi?, d) rj TeXeov iTriXeXrjcraL co?
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avTO^ TrepietBef; dv ev YepaiaT(h tov dXiea tov
e^ ^Clpeov vcpaipov/xevov aov t}]v Tpiaivav; aXXcoî
124
ZEUS RANTS
ZKUS
I.et us ignore this fellow's nonsense, gods ; he is
always harsh and fault-finding. As that wonderful
man Demosthenes says, to reproach and criticize and
find fault is easy and anyone can do it, but to advise
how a situation may be improved requires a really
wise counsellor ; and this is what the rest of you
u ill do, I am very sure, even if Momus says nothing.
POSEIDON
For my part I am pretty much subaqueous, as you
l^now, and live by myself in the depths, doing my
best to rescue sailors, speed vessels on their course
and calm the winds. Nevertheless I am interested
in matters here too, and I say that this Damis should
be put out of the way before he enters the dispute,
either with a thunderbolt or by some other means,
for fear that he may get the better of it in the
argument for you say, Zeus, that he is a plausible
;
fellow. At the same time we'll show them how we

punish people who say such things against us.
ZEUS
Are you joking, Poseidon, or have you completely
forgotten that nothing of the sort is in our power,
but the Fates decide by their spinning that one man
is to die by a thunderbolt, another by the sword
and another by fever or consumption ? If it lay in
my power, do you suppose I would have let the
temple-robbers get away from OhTiipia the other
day unscathed by my thunderbolt, when they had
shorn off two of my curls weighing six pounds apiece?
Or would you yourself at Geraestus have allowed the
fisherman from Oreus to filch your trident ? Besides,
125
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
re Kol Boôfjiev ayavaKTeiv XeXvTrrjfjievoL rep Trpd-
yfjLaTi Kol SeSiivac rov^ irapa rov AdfMiSo^
Xoyov^
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Bl
fielvavre^ dvTeêra(j6r)vai avrov tw Tc/xokXcI.
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no2EiAnN
Kal /jLTjv iiriTOfiov nva ravrrjv wfirjv i-TTLvevot]-
KCVaC €70)76 7r/)09 Tr]V VlKTjV.

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"Kiraye, Ovvvcohe^ to ivOvfirffia, w Hoaethov,
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viarrjv co? diroOdvoi drjTTr)T0<;, d^cpypiarov en Kai
dhidKpLTOv fcaroKLTTcov rov \6yov.
nOSEIAHN
OvKovv dfieivov tl v/x6i<; dXko iTTivoelre, el
rdfid oi^TO)? v/jitv d-TroTeOvvviaraL.
AnOAAHN
26 EZ Koi Toc^ veoL^ en Kal dyeveioL^ rjfilv e(/)6tT0
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(pepov 619 Tr)v Scda/ce^f/iv.

MflMOS
'H fiev a Keying, "AttoXXoz/, outco irepl fieyd-
c5
Xo)V, coare /jlt] /caO' rjXiKLav, dXXd kolvov diraai

irpoKelaOaL tov Xoyov %«/3i6i^ ydp, el irepl tcov
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X7)îapxi'Kôv, Kal oXiyov Belv Tr}9 eirl Kpovov
ôvXt]^ iov iocTTe fjLi] fjLetpaKLevov irpcx; ?;/xa9,
dXXd Xeye 6appo)v ^/S?/ tu BoKovvTa, p.tjBh al-
126
ZEUS RANTS
it will look as if we were getting angry because we
have been injured^ and as if we feared the argu-
ments of Damis and were making away v.itli him
for that reason^ without waiting for him to be put
to the proof by Timocles. Shall we not seem, then,
to be winning by default if we win in that way ?
POSEIDON
Why, I supposed 1 had thought of a short cut to
victory ?
ZEUS
Avast a stockfish idea, Poseidon, downright stupid,
!
to make away with your adversary in advance so that

he may die undefeated, leaving the question still in
dispute and unsettled !
POSEIDON
Well, then, the rest of you think of something
else that is better, since you relegate my ideas to the
stockfish in that fashion,
APOLLO
If we young fellows without beards were permitted
by law to take the floor, perhaps I inight have made
some contribution to the debate.
MOM us
In the first place, Apollo, the debate is on such
great issues that the right to speak does not go bv
age but is open to all alike for it would be delicious
;
if when we were in direst danger we quibbled about

our rights under the law. Secondly, according to law
you are already fully entitled to the floor, for you
came of asce lonff saxo and are registered in the list
of the Twelve Gods and almost were a member of
the council in the days of Cronus. So don't play
the boy wdth us say what you think boldly, and
:
127
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
SeaOeis el ayeveto^ mv S7j/ii7]yop7]a€L<;, koI ravra
/BaOvTTcoycova koI evyevetov oi/tco? vlov g-^cov tov
ÂaK\r)7nov, aWw?
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vvv /jLaXtara eKcpaiveiv ttjv cro<piav, el firj /xdT7]v
iv Tw 'EXiKMvt KaOrjaat Tal<; Islovaai^ avfiî-
\0(TO(^0)V.
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'Aw' ov ae, 0) Mcoyae, ^/o^ ra roiavra icfyievac,
TOV Ala Si' KoX Tjv ovTOf; KeKevarj, rd^^ dv tl ovk
dfjLovaov eliTOLixi dWd T/79 ev rw 'EXt/ccovt /jLeXerrj^
d^LOV.
ZEY2
Aeye, c5 reKVOV eîr^fxi ydp,
AnOAAHN
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cro(f)ia
TMV vecdv Kcil fXLa6ov<; ovk oXiyov^ e-'irl rovrcp

eKkeyei, a(f)6Spa 7n6avo<; ojv OTrure Ihta rot?
SiaXeyoLTO' ev irXrjdeL he elTretv droX-
/jLa6r]Tat<;
fioTarof; iarc koI ryv <j}(ovr)v lSi(t)T7j<; kol /jllô-
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ev Tat? avvovaLac<^, ov avveupcov dXXa jSaTTapi^wv
KoX TapaTTOfjLevo'^, /cal /jbaXiara oirorav ovT(o<i
e')(oiv KOL KaXXipprj/jLOcrvvrjv eTnSeiKVvaOai ôv-
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Kol XeTTToyvco/jLOJV, w? (f)aaLv ol ajmeivov ra tmv
Xrayi/CMv elBore^;, Xeycov Se Kal ep/jLr)v€V(t)v vtt
daOevela^ BLa<pOelpeL avrd Kal crf7êt, ovk diroaa-
(ficov 6 Ti ôvXerat dXXd alviy/jLaaiv eocKora
irpoTeLvcdV Kal TvdXiv av ttoXv daa<êaTepa tt/oo?
Ta9 ip(OTr]aet<; d7roKpLv6/jL€VO<;' ol Be ov avvievTe^
ZEUS RANTS
don't be sensitive about speaking without a beard
when you have such a long-bearded, hairv-faced son
in Asclepius. Besides, it would be in order for you
to show your wisdom now or never, unless
you sit
on Helicon and talk philosophy with the Muses
for
nothing-.
APOLLO
But not for you to give such permission,
It IS
Momus it is for Zeus, and if he lets me perhaps
;
I may say something not without

sweetness and
light and worthy of my study on Helicon.
ZEUS
speak, my boy : I give you permission.
APOLLO
This Timocles is an upright. God-fearing man
and
he is thoroughly up in the Stoic doctrines,
so that
he gives lessons to many of the young
men
and collects large fees for it, being very
plausible
when he disputes privately with his pupils but he
;
utterly lacks the courage to speak before
a crowd
and his language is vulgar and half-foreign, so
that
he gets laughed at for that reason when he
appears
m public, for he does not talk fluently but
stammers
and gets confused, especially when in spite of
these
faults he wants to make a show of
fine lanûaê.
His intellect, to be sure, is exceedingly
keen and
subtle, as people say who know more
than I about
Stoicism, but in lecturing and expounding
he weakens
and obscures his points by his incapacity, not
making
his meaning clear but presenting
propositions that
are like riddles and returning answers
that are still
more unintelligible; hence the others failing
to com-
I20^
VOL. TI. „
;
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

KaTaye\a)(TLv avrov. Set Be olfiai aa(j)w<;^ Xiyeiv
Kal TovTov jiaXioTa nroWriif TrotetcrOaL rrjv irpo-

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AnOAAflN
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lireBei^w
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130
ZEUS RANTS
prehend, laugh at him. But it is essential to speak
clearly, I think, and beyond all else to take great
pains to be understood by the hearers.
MOMUS
You were right, Apollo, in praising people who
speak clearly, even though you yourself do not do
it at all, for in your oracles you are ambiguous and
riddling and you unconcernedly toss most of them
into the debatable ground so that your hearers need
anotlier Apollo to interpret them. But what do
you advise as the next step, what remedy for
Timocles' helplessness in debate ?
APOLLO
To give him a spokesman
if possible, Momus, one of
those eloquent chaps who will say fittingly whatever
Timocles thinks of and suggests.
MOMUS
Truly a puerile suggestion which shows that you
still need a tutor, that we should bring a spokesman
into a meeting of philosophers to interpret the
opinions of Timocles to the company, and that Damis
should speak in his own person and unaided while
the other, making use of a proxy, privately whispers
his ideas into his ear and the proxy does the speaking,
perhaps without even understanding what he hears,
Wouldn't that be fun for the crowd No, let's
I
think of some other way to manage this thing. But

as for you, my admirable friend, since you claim to
be a prophet and have collected large fees for such
work, even to the extent of getting ingots of gold
once upon a time, why do you not give us a timely
display of your skill by 'foretelling which of the
131
K 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Twv aocfycaTMV /cpan'/crei Xeycov ; olaSa yap ttov
TO airo/Syao/xevov ficivrt^; cov.
AnOAAHN
IIco9, CO ^la)fi€, Bwarov rroielv ravra fxyre
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ZET2
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132
ZEUS RANTS
sophists will win in the argument ? Of course you
know what the outcome will be, if you are a
prophet.
APOLLO
How do that, Momus, when we have no
can I
tripod here, and no incense or prophetic spring like
Castaly ?
MOMUS
There now ! you dodge the test when it comes to
the pinch.
ZEUS
Speak up, my boy, all the same, and don't give
chance to malign and insult your pro-
this libeller a
fessionby saying that it all depends on a tripod and
water and incense, so that if you didn't have those
things you would be deprived of your skill.
APOLLO
It would be better, father, to do such business at
Delphi or Colophon where I have all the necessaries
at hand, in the usual way. However, even thus
devoid of them and unequipped, I wdll try to foretell
whose the victory shall be you will bear with me if
:
my verses are lame.

MOMUS
Do speak ; but let it be clear, and not itself in
need of a spokesman or an interpreter. It is not
now a question of lamb and turtle cooking together
in Lydia, but you know what the debate is about.
ZEUS
What in the world are you going to say, boy ? my
These preliminaries to your oracle are terrifying in
themselves your colour is changed, your eyes are
;
rolling, your hair stands on end, your movements are
133
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Kopv/3avrMSe<;, fcal 6\m /caTo%t/ia ircivTa Kal
(f)pi,/c(t)Sr] KoX /jLvariKa.
AnOAAHN
ToSe OeaâTOV AttoX-
31 K6k\vt€ fiavTLTToXov
afjLcj)" epcSo^ Kpveprj^, rr]v avepe^ iarijaavro

irvKivolai.
o^vfioaL, fivOoiac KOpvcraofievot
TToXKa yap evOa Kal evOa ixoOov erepaXKei
KXa)y/jL(p
Ta/)(êo9 aKpa Kopvfiâ KaraTrX-fjaaovcnv exerX?;?.
aXV orav alyvTTLO^ yafiyfrcowxo^ aKpiBa fxapfy,

^ t6t€ XoiaOiov ofi^pocpopoL KXdyôvat Kopchvai.
8' ovo^ Ooci T€Kva Kopvêi.
viKT) 8' Tjfitovcov, 6
ZEY2
TOVTO avefcdyx^^^"^^ ^ Mw/ê; /cal firjv ov
Tfc
yeXola rd iv TToai' nravaai KaKoBa^fiov, diTOTrvL-

yWV ^'^^ '^^^ 7eXa)T09.
MnMOS
Kal 770)9 Buvarov, m ZeO, i(j)' ovtco aacfyel Kal
ZEY2
OvKOVV Kal r]fuv rjSrj epfJLTjvevoi^ av avrov o ri
Kal XeycL.
MnMOS
Ildvv 7rp6Si]\a, Mare ovSev rjfuv Se/ucTTOKXeovti
^^.i](Ter (pîal yap to XoyLOV ovrcoal happrjh)v
134
!
ZEUS RANTS
frenzied^ and in a word everything about you
suggests demoniacal possession and gooseflesh and
mysteries.
APOLLO
Hark to the words of the prophet^ oracular words ox
Apollo,
Touching the shivery strife in which neroes are
facing each other.
Loudly they shout in the battle, and fast-flying words
are their weapons ;
Many a blow while the hisses of conflict are ebbing

and flowing
This way and that shall be dealt on the crest of the
plowtail stubborn ;
Yet M'hen tlie hook-taloned vulture the grasshopper

grips in his clutches.
Then shall the rainbearing crows make an end of
their cawing forever :
Vict'ry shall go to the mules, and the ass will rejoice

in his offspring
ZEUS
Whatare you guffawing about, Momus ? Surely
there is nothing to laugh at in the situation we are
facing. Stop, hang you You'll choke yourself to
!
death with your laughing.

MOMUS
Howcan I, Zeus, when the oracle is so clear and
manifest ?
ZEUS
Well then, suppose you tell us what in the world
it means.
MOMUS
quite manifest, so that we shan't need a
It Is
Themistocles.^ The prophecy says as plainly as you
^ See p. 121, note.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
'yot-jTa fjuev elvai tovtov, vixa^ 5e 6vov<; KavOrjXiov;
vrj Aia Kol r)/j.L6vov<;, tol'9 irtarevovTaf; avro), ovB^
oaov at aKpihe^ tov vovv exovra^.
HPAKAH2
32 'Eycb Si, 0) TTcirep, el koI /jL€toik6<; cl/jll, ov/c
6/cv7]a(o o/jL(0(; ra SoKOvvrd fxoi eiTrelv oirorav yap
Tjhrj avve\66vTe<; StaXiycovrat, rr^viKavra, rjv filv 6
Ti,fioK\7]<; V7rep<j')(r], edacofjuev TTpo')(ayp6lv rrjv
avvovcFiav virep ijfiMv, rjv Be rt erepolov diroâivr},
Tore ijSi] T7]v arodv avrrjp eycoye, el hoKel,
hiaaeiaa^ efJiôKoi tm AdfiLSi, w? fir) KaTaparoî
ct)V vppL^y e? rjfiaî.
ZET2
'Hyoa/cXet?, co 'Hyoa/cXet?, aypoLKOV rovro eXpi]Ka<^
Kol heLVO)^ ôixoTtov, (TwaTToXeaai evl irovripcp
ToaovTOV^ ')(^p7]o-rov^,^ koI Trpoaerc rrjv aroav avroy
MapaOcovc koI MtXridBrj koX }Lvveyeip(p. Kal
7ra)9 av rovrcov avvefiTreaovrcov oi pt]TOpe<; en
prjTopevoiev, Tr]v pieyiaTrjv et? tol'9 Xoyov^;
vTTodecnv dcprjprjpevoi; aX\co<; re ^covri pLev croi
hvvarov laco^ rjv tc •npaâi tolovtov, d<f)^ ov 8e
6eo<; yeyevrjaai, piepid6r}Ka<^, otpiai, co9 at ^loipac
piovaL rd roiavra Svpavrat, rjpLeL<; Se avrcov
dpLOLpoi iapuei'.
HPAKAH2
OvKOVv /cat OTTore top Xeopra rj ryv vSpav
i(f)6pevop, at yiolpai Bl epLov iKCCPa eTrparrop;
ZET2
Kal fidXa,
1 Xprjo'Tovs, K. Schwartz : not in MSS.
136
!
ZEUS RANTS
please that this fellow is a humbug and that you who
believe in him are pack-asses and mules, without
as much sense as grasshoppers.
HERACLES
As me, father, though I am but an alien I shall
for
not hesitate to say what I think. When they have
met and are disputing, if Timocles gets the better
of it, allow the discussion about us to proceed
let's ;
but turns out at all adversely, in that case, if

if it
you approve, I myself will at once shake the porch
and throw it down on Damis, so that he may not
affront us, confound him !
ZEUS
In the name of Heracles that was a loutish,
!
horribly Boeotian thing you said, Heracles, to involve

so many honest men in the destruction of a single
rascal, and the porch too, with its Marathon and
Miltiades and Cynegirus If they should collapse
!
^
how could the orators orate any more ? They would

be robbed of their principal topic for speeches.'^
Moreover, although while you were alive you could
no doubt have done something of the sort, since you
have become a god you have found out, I suppose,
that only the Fates can do such things, and that we
have no part in them.
HERACLES
So when I killed the lion or the Hydra, the
Fates did it through my agency ?
ZEUS
Why, certainly
^ The porch in question was the Painted Porch, with its
fresco representing the battle of Marathon.
2 Compare The Orators' Coach {Rhtt. Praec), 18.
137
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
HPAKAH2
Kal vvv 7]v Tt9 v^pl^y €t9 i/jie rj irepicrvXcov fxov
Tov vecbv rj dvarpeTTcov to dydXfia, tjv fxr) Tal<;
M.oipai<; TToXaL BeSoy/iivov y, ovk eViTpt-v/ra)
avTov;
ZEY5
HPAKAH2
OvKOvv CLKOvaov, 0) ZeO, fiera irapprjaia's' iy(Ji>
yap, fo)9 o kco/jLCKo<; e(f)r],
dypocKOf; elfii rrjv aKd(p7]v a/<:d(f).'jv Xeycov
el Toiavrd icrrt rci vfxerepa, /xaKpd âipeiv <^pdaa^

ral<s evravOa rifial'^ /cat KVLarj koX lepeiaw aiâri
KdreLfJLi el<; tov ^'AcSrjv, ottov [xe yvfivov to toôu
eôvTa Kav tcl €iSco\a (fioprjaeTac tcov vtt^ ifiov
7r€(f)Ovev/jLevo)v Brjpiwv.
ZEY2
Eu ye, oiKoOev o jiidpTV<;, (paalv diriaaycrd*; y
33 av ovv TM AdfjuSc TavTa eiTrelv vrroâ\d>v?- dWd
TL^ 6 o-TrovSfj TrpoaLwv ovt6<; iaTiv, 6 ')(a\Kov^, 6 ev-
ypa/iifio<; Koi €VTrepiypa<j)0'^, o dp')(alo<s ttjv dvdSecrtv
T?79 KOfirjf;; fiaXkov Se 6 a6<^, a> '"E^pjjurj, aSeX^09

i(TTLV, 6 dyopalo^;, 6 irapd ttjv HoiklXtjv' 7rtTT7;9
yovv dvaireTrXricTTai ocnj/jbepac eK/xaTTO/jLevof; viro
TOdV dpSpiaVTOTTOiCOP. Tt, W TTal, BpOJULalo<i rjJjLLP
* vTToâXdu K. Schwartz : vnofidXXov MSS.

138
^
ZEUS RANTS
HERACLES
And now, in case anyone affronts me by robbing
my temple or upsetting my image, can't I exter-
minate him unless it was long ago settled that way
by the Fates?
ZEUS
No, not by any means.
HERACLES
Then hear me frankly, Zeus, for as the comic
poet puts it,
'' I'm but a boor and call a spade a spade."
If that is the way things stand here with you, I

shall good-bye forever to the honours here
say
and the odour of sacrifice and the blood of victims
and go down to Hell, where with my bow uncased
I can at least frighten the ghosts of the animals I
have slain.
ZEUS
Bravo testimony from the inside, as the saying
!
goes. Really you would have done us a great

service if you had given Damis a hint to say
that. But who is this coming up in hot haste, the
one of bronze, with the fine tooling and the fine
contours, with his hair tied up in the old-fashioned
way ? Oh yes, it is your brother, Hermes, the
one of the public square, beside the Painted Porch.
At any rate he is all covered with pitch from being
cast every day by the sculptors. My lad, what brings
* **As you go toward the portico that is called Poikile
because of its paintings, there is a bronze Hermes, called

Agoraios (of the square), and a gate close by" (Pausan. 1,
15, 1). Playing upon " Hermes Agoraios," Zeus dubs him
Hermagoras, after a well-known rhetorician.
^39
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
a(j)LâL; y irov n eK ^t)? vecorepov dTrayyiX-
\€i<;;
EPMArOPAS
'TTrepfieya, w Zed, fcal fxvpLa<; t% cnTovBrj<;
Be6/jL€vov.
ZET2
Ae7€ rjSr], ec tl koX aXXo rjfidf; iTravKTrdfievov
\ekr)6ev.
EPMArOPAS
^^Tvy')(avov /nev dprt yâXKOvpyMv vtto
TnTTov/ji€vo<; (TTepvov TG KoX fierd^pevov*
Ocopa^ he fioi y€\o2o<; ajx^l aco/jLart
TTXacrOeX^; iraprjcap-qTO fjLt/ii7]\f] Te')(yrf
acfypaycBa -âXfcov nraaav €KTV7rov/ji€Po<i*

opco S' 6)(\ov (TTeixovTa Kai TLva<^ Svo
a)Xpov<; fceKpdKTa<i, 7rvyp.d')(ôv<; aoîafidiQW,
Ad/XiV T€ Koi —
ZET5
IlaOG, w
^Fjpfiayopa /SiXriaTe, rpaytpScov olSa
yap ovaTipa<s \eyeL<;. dW
eKelvo p,0L (ppdaov, el
TrdXat (TvyfcpoTelraL avTol<^ rj epi'^,
EPMArOPAS
Ov irdw, dX)C iv dfcpoôXLcrp>ot<; en rjaav diro-
(T<f)€vBovcovTe<; dWijXoif} iroppcoOev irodev XoiSopov-
pêvot.
ZET2
Tl ovv ert, iroielv Xolttov} w 6eol, rj aKpodaa-
aOai eiTiKvâvTaî avrcov; cocrre dcpaipeircoaav at
^flpat Tov p,o')(\ov Tjhr) kol dirdyovaai rd ve<pr)
Si dvaTreTavvvTcocrav Ta<; TTv\a<; tov ovpavov. H/)a-
/cXci?, oaov TO 7r\'f]do<; enl ttjv dfcpoacriv dTTTjvTij-
* Kti TToiuy XoiirSu Uindorf : tri xp'h Troitly \onr6v y ; xph
140
; ^
ZEUS RANTS
you here at a run ? Do you bring us news from
earth, by any chance ?
HERMAGORAS
Important news, Zeus, that requires unlimited
attention.
ZEUS
Tell me whether we have overlooked anything
else in the way of conspiracy.
HERMAGORAS
It fell just now that they who work in bronze
Had smeared me o'er with pitch on breast and
back
A funny corslet round my body hung.
Conformed by imitative cleverness
To take the full impression of the bronze.
I saw a crowd advancing with a pair
Of sallow bawlers, warriors with words,
Hight Damis, one —
ZEUS
Leave your bombast, my good Hermagoras
off I ;
know the men you mean. But tell me whether they

have been in action long.
HERMAGORAS
Not very they were still skirmishing, slinging
;
abuse at each other at long range.
ZEUS
Then what remains to be done, gods, except
else
to stoop over and listen to them ? So let the Hours
remove the bar now, drive the clouds away and throw
open the gates of Heaven, Heracles what a crowd !
^ A parody on Euripides; compare Or est. 8G8, 871, 880.
141
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Kaaiv. avro^ ov iravv fioi, apeaK€i
6 Se Ti/jlokXtj^:
vTTOTpe/Jbcov fcal rapaTTOfxevor airoXeL a-rravTa
ovTO<; TTifMepov ^77X09 7001^ iariv ovBe
avrdpaaSai
T« ^diith ^vv7]a6fêvo^. aXV oirep r^plv Swarci)-
rarov, evx'MfxeOa virep avrov
acryfj 6(/)' rjfieLayv, ha p^r) Adp.L<; <y€ irvOrjTai,,
TIMOKAH2
w lepoavXe ACip^L, 6eov<i p.rj elvai p^rjSe
35 Tl c^?i<?,
irpovoelv to)v dvOpcoTrcov;
AAMI2
dXka TTporepo^ dirotcpLvai p.oc wtlvl
Ov/c (TV
\67ft) eireiaOrj'^ elvai avTOu<;.
TIM0KAH2
Ov p.ev ovv, dWa av, w pîapi, cnroKpivai,
AAM12
Ov pev ovv, dWa av.
ZET2
Tavrl pêv irapa ttoXv 6 r)p6Tepo<::^dp,eivov koX
evcj^covorepov rpaxyverai. ev 76, w Tt/xo/cA-et?,
eTTtvet ^\aa^7]p.io}V' ev yap tovtm aoi to
TMV ^
eiri-
icpdro^, 0)9 rd ye ciWa IxOvv ere diroclâveL
aTop,iK(^v,
TIM0KAH5
'AXXa, p,d Tr)v 'hOilvdv, ovk av dTTOKpivaip.r)v
(Toi TTporepo^.
'
AAM12
Ovicovv, 0) Tcp,6fc\ei^, epîa- eKpdnjaa^ yap
142
! !
ZEUS RANTS
has come together to hsten Timocles himself does
I
not please me at all^ for he is trembling and confused.

The fellow will spoil it all to-day in fact_, it is clear ;
that he won't even be able to square off at Damis.

But let's do the very utmost that we can and pray
for him,
Silently, each to himself, so that Damis may not be

the wiser.i
TIMOCLES ^
Damis, you sacrilegious wretch, why do you say
that the gods do not exist and do not show provi-
dence in behalf of men ?
DAMIS
No, you tell me first what reason you have for
believing that they do exist.
TIMOCLES
No, you tell me, you miscreant
DAMIS
No, you
ZEUS
So far our man is much better and more noisy in
his bullying. Good, Timocles ! Pileon your abuse ;
that your strong point, for in

is everything else he
will make you as mute as a fish.
TIMOCLES
But I swear by Athena tliat 1 will not answer
you first.
DAMIS
Well then, put your question, Timocles, for you
^ A parody on Iliad 7, 105.
^ At becomes doable down below are
this point the scene ;
the philosophers disputing in the Stoa, and up above are the

gods, listening eagerly with occasional comments.
M3
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
rovTO ye 6/j.(OfiOK(i)<;' uX)C aiev roiv lS\a(j<f>'qfiL(av,
SL OOK€L.
TIMOKiVH2
36 E-j key€i<;' elire ovv fioi, ov So/covai aoi, a>
xardpare, irpovoelv oi Oeoi
AAMI2
T1M0KAH2
Tt (/)?79; cLTTpovotjTa OVV ravra airavra;
AAMI2
Nat.
TIM0K.\H2
Ovh" VTTO TLVi OVV 6e(p TOLTTeTai T) Tcov oXcov
iiTLjuieXeLa;
AAMI2
Oi^.
TIM0KAH2
Hdvra Se el/crj (peperai;
AAMI5
Na/.
TIMOKAH2
Eir' dvOpcoTTOL ravra aKovovre^ ave-xeaOe Ka\
ov KaraXevaere rov d\Lri]pLov;
AAMI2
Ti T0U9 dvOpomov^ eV e'/xe irapo^vvei^, Si Ti/io-
kXgl^; i) Tt9 wr dyavaKreh virep rcov OewVy Kal

ravra eKeivcdv avrfov ovk dyavaKrovvrcov; ol ye
ovhev SeLvbv hareOeiKaai p.e iraXai dKOvovre<;, el
ye aKovovcFiv.
TIMOKAH2
'Afcovovac yap, w Aa//,t, aKOvovai, fcai oe
lieriaai rrore y^povut.
144
ZEUS RANTS
have won with that oath of yours. But no abuse,
please.
TIMOCLES
Very well. Tell me
then, you scoundrel, don't
you think the gods exercise any providence ?
DAMIS
Not in the least.
TIMOCLES
What's that you say ? Then is all that we see
about us uncared for by any providence ?
DAMIS
Yes.
TIMOCLES
And the administration of the universe is not
directed by any god ?
DAMIS
No.
TIMOCLES
And everything drifts at random?
DAMIS
Yes.
TIMOCLES
Men, do you hear that and put up with it? Aren't
you going to stone the villain ?
DAMIS
Why do you embitter men againsi me, Timocles ?
And who are you to get angry on behalf of the gods,
especially when they themselves are not angry ?
They have done me no harm, you see, though they
have listened to me long — if indeed they have ears.
TIMOCLES
Yes, they have, Damis, they have, and they will
punish you some day in the hereafter.
145
VOL. II. L
THE WOUKS OF LUCIAN
'ÂMTS , , , , , '
,
TT^re &v iicavoo axol^vy

a7«7«'f^
37 Kal «f , ^/^l'
roaavra, m ^pdy/^'^ra kxovre, Kal ra 6V t^

<t>V^.
o..Ta o«o.o/.ovM..o<,
Koaa<o S.irupa to ,rXr,^09
^.^mvTO «a^
co.^ eTTtop/tew aa
oiSe <T6 770)
c;;<TT6
ava^
T&v aXKcov. ha M ^Xaa<Pv/^lv Kai^ avT09
Kairoj ovx 0P«
Kdô>i.ac âpa tA avy/ceifieva.
iavTôv ^povoca,
,%„.a a. /XX^V eViSe.^^ Tf,9
ae Ka>cov «a«co9 67r(-
Li^co iêveyKe'w ihvvav-ro V)
avrov, p-era Sacra

yovv ai,Toh <TW€X«9 livav irap
Kal avTeTTayye\Toi<; iviore.
TIM0KAH2 „ ,
av, oi
38 Ti 77/30? Toaavrvv avaiax^vriav el-rcoiixL
AAMI2 ,,,//)
& Tiix6K\ei,, -ndXai ey<o eôBovv
o
'EkbIvo.
^Kovaaiaov, 6'7r«? i^daOn^ oUaeai ^povoecp
T0U9 d£ov<;
TIMOKAH2 ,
TTp6>TOV T&v yivofievcov e-neiTev,

'H Taf« p.e
li^v>cal aeXr,vn Kara
i^X,09 del rhv airhv 6Sbv
^.vja ^vojievaKai
âhrk Kal &pai rpenifievac Kai
oiir<c, evmX'^vco,^
r&a yevvcifieva Kal aird ravra Kca
%relKeva.aiva ^, rpêaeai^ Kal Kivecfai
Kav <t/cuto-
hvodv Kal liahiKîv Kal .eKraiVcaOav epya eivav
vop-elv jaXka- Tavra irpovoia^
«cxl
TcfôKXw, <Tvvap-
Mto-ttov to i^roip-^""". &
ec -npovoia TO,no,v
nd^.cr om-nco yhp hriKov
T46
ZEUS RANTS
DAMIS
And when can they find time for me, when they
have so many cares, and manage all creation,
you say,
which is unlimited in its extent ? That is why they
have not yet paid you back for all your false oaths
—
and everything else I don't want to be forced to
deal in abuse like you, contrary to our stipulations:
and yet I don't see what better manifestation of
their providence they could have made than to crush
your life out miserably, miserable sinner that you are !
But it is clear that they are away from home, across

the Ocean, no doubt, visiting the guileless Ethio-
pians.^ At any rate it is their custom to go and dine
with them continually, even self-invited at times.
TIMOCLES
What can I say in reply to all this impudence,
Damis ?
DAMIS
Tell me what I wanted you to tell me long ago,
how you were induced to believe that the gods
exercise providence
TIMOCLES
In the first place the order of nature convinced
me, the sun always going the same road and the
moon likewise and the seasons changing and plants
growing and living creatures being born, and these
latter so cleverly devised that they can support life
and move and think and walk and build houses and
—
cobble shoes and all the rest of it these seem to ;
me to be works of providence.
DAMIS
That is just the question, Timocles, and you are
trying to beg it, for it is not yet proved that each of
1 Iliad, 1, 423.
L 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eKaarov airoTeXelrai. aXX on jxev roiavrd iari
ra yivo/j.eva (palrjp civ koI avro^' ov firjv avriKa
ireTrelaOai avdyKrj xal vtto rivo^; 7rpo/jL7)d€La^ avrd
jiyveaOar evi yap koI dX\(0<; dp^dfieva vvv
6/jL0LCt)<; KoX Kara ravrd avvLaraordaL, crv Se
Taîv avTcav 6vofid^€L<; rr)v dvdy/crjv, elra SrjXaSr]
dyavaKTi^Gei^ el rt? aoi /jlt) d/co\ovOoiT] ra ytvo-
fxeva jxev oirold icm /caTapidfiov/jievw /cat eirai-
vovvTi, olofxevcp Se diroSetîv ravra elvai rov Kal
irpovoia StardTTeaOai avrcov e/caarov. ware Kara
TOP KCd/JblKOV
tovtI fjuev v'7To/ii6')(^9rjpov, dXko jiol Xiye.
TIM0KAH2
oy hiyct) fjuev ovfc otpLaL Kai aXKrj^ eiri tovtoi^: oeiv
diToheiêay^. ofico^; 8' ovv ipoy diroKpivai ydp pioiy
"Ofi7]p6<; aoi So/cel dpiaroî 7roLr)Tr)<; yeveaOao;
AAMI2
Kat fxdXa.
TIM0KAH2
OvKovv iKeiv(p 67r€Lcr6i]v rrjv irpovoiav tmv OeMV
€pL(f)aVLÔVTC.
AAMI2
*A\X\ w OavjLidaie, TrotTjrrjv fiev dyaOov" O fiypov
yeveaOat Trai^re? aoL avvo/io\oyr]aovcn, fidprvpa
he d\r]6rj irepl rwz^ tolovtcov out eKelvov ovre d\-
\ov 7roi7}Tyv ovSeva' ov ydp d\rjdeia<i fieXei avTol<^,
olfiai, dWd rov KrfKelv tou? dfcovovra^;, fcal Sid
rovTO /JLerpoL'^ re KurdBovcn Kal fJuvOotî KaTt))(OvaL
148
ZEUS RANTS
these things is accom])lished by providence. While
I myself would say that recurrent })henomena are
as you describe theni^ I need not, however, at once
admit a conviction that they recur by some sort of
providence, for it is possible that they began at
random ^ and now bike place with uniformity and
regularity. But you call necessity order" and then,
'^'^
forsooth, get angry if anyone does not follow 3'ou

when you catalogue and extol the characteristics of
these phenomena and think it a proof that each of
them is ordered by providence. So, in the words
of the comic poet,,
"That's but a sorry answer ; try again."
TIMOCLES
For my part I don't think that any further proof is
necessary on top of all this. Nevertheless I'll tell
you. Answer me this do you think that Homer is
:
the best poet ?

DAMIS
Yes, certainly.
TIMOCLES
Well, it was he that convinced me with his por-
trayal of the providence of the gods.
DAMIS
But, my admirable friend, everybody will agree
with you that Homer is a good poet, to be sure, but
not that he or any other poet whatsoever is a truthful
witness. They do not pay any heed to truth, I take
it, but only to charming their hearers, and to this
end they enchant them with metres and entrance

* In my opinion &\\(d5 contrasts with biioicas koX Kara ravrd,
not with vir6 rivos Trpofx-qO^las. The idea is more fully and
clearly presented in Lucretius 1, 1024:-1028.
149
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Kol oXo)? uTravra virep rod repirvov jJitiâvoivraL.
40 arap rjheco'^ av /cat aKoucraifjLL oIcttktl fMoXiara
apa ot? Trepl rod Ato? Xeyec,
eVetcr^?;? rcov Ôjxrjpov'
0)967T€l3ov\€Vov avvSijaac avrov rj Ovydrrjp /cat 6
aSeXô? fcal rj yvvr); kol el ye fjirj tov 3ptdpea)v r)
06Tt9 eKokeaev eireirehrjTO av i)ixiv 6 l3e\TL<jro<i
Zeu? avvapTTaaOei'^;, avO mv fcav dirofivrj/jLovevcov rfj
SeTiSc Ti]V evepyealav eâirara tov Kyapep^vova ^
oveipov Tiva ylrevSi} eTrLTrejuÎra^, w? iroXXol rodv

'Aâiwi^ diToOdvoiev. opa^; dSvvarov yap rjv avro)
Kepavvov e/jb/SaXovn KaracfyXeâi tov Âya/xefivova
avTov dvev tov diraTecova elvai hoKelv. rj eKetvd
ae /jbdXtaTa et9 T7jv TriaTiv eireairdaavTO, aKovovTa
ft)9 ALOfir}^rj<; puev eTpwae ttjv 'A(f)poSLT7]v, elTa tov
"Apr) avTOV ÂOrjvd^ TrapaxeXevcrec, /xera /.UKpbv

8e avTol avfX7rea6vT€<; ol 6eo\ €fiovofjLd')(ôvv dvapl^
dppeve<^ Ka\ OrjXeiai, Kal AOrjvd p,ev Aprj KaTa-
^
'
ycovL^€Tai aTC Kal TrpoTreTTOVTjKOTa, oi/xai, i/c tov

Tpav/jLaTO<i irapa tov AiôijL7jSov<; elXi](f)eLf
ArjTOt 8' dvTeaTT} (tw/C09 epLOvvLO^ ^Kp/jurj^;;
rj TCL wepl ApTepîho^ aoc wiOava eBoêv, &)9

T779 ^
eKeivrj iJbep.'y\rip.OLpo<; ovcra yyavaKTrjaev ov kXtj-

Oelaa e^' eaTiaaiv viro tov Olveco^, Kal Sea tovto
avv Tiva V7rep(f)vd Kal dwirocTTaTOv ttjv dXKrjv
i7ra(f)7]Kev eVt tî^ 'x^copav avTov; dp^ ovv Ta tol-
avTa Xeycov ae ''0/jL7}po<; ireTreiKe;
ZET2
41 Ba/Sar tjXlkov, w 6eoL, dveôrjo-e to ttX^ô?,
€7racvovvT€<i TOV Adpiv 6 5' 97yLt€T€yoo9 diropovfjuevM
150
ZEUS RANTS
them with and in ca word do anvthincc to (jive
fables
pleasure. However, I should like to know what it
was of Homer's that convinced you most. What he
says about Zeus, how his daughter and his brother
and his wife made a plot to fetter him ? ^ If Thetis
had not summoned Briareus, our excellent Zeus would
have been caught and put in chains. For this he
returned thanks to Thetis by deceiving Agamemnon,
sending a false vision to him, in order that many of
the Achaeans might lose their lives. Don't you see, "-^
it was impossible for Inm to hurl a thunderbolt and
burn up Agamemnon himself without making

himself out a liar ? Or perhaps you were most in-
clined to believe when vou heard how Diomed
wounded Aphrodite and then even Ares himself at
the suggestion of Athena,^ ;vnd how shortly afterwards
the gods themselves fell to and began duelling
promiscuously, males and females ^ Athena defeated ;
Ares, already overtaxed, no doubt by the wound he

had received from Diomed,^ and
" Leto fought against Hermes, the stalwart god ot
^
good fortune."
Or perhaps you thought the tale about Artemis
credible, that, being a fault-finding person, she got
angry when she was not invited to a feast by Oeneus
and so turned loose on his land a monstrous boar of
UTesistible strength. Did Homer convince you by
''^
saying that sort of thing ?
ZEUS
I gods
say, what!a shout the crowd raised,
applauding Damis Our man seems to be in a fix.
!
» Iliad 1, 396. 2 jHf^fi 2, 5. '^

Iliad 5, .335, 800.
* Iliad 20, 54. » Iliad 21, 403. « Iliad 20, 72.
7 Iliad 9, 533.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
60LK€V' Ihiei ^ yovv koI viroTpefxei koI SrjX6<^ ianv
airoppi'^cov rrjv dcTTrlSa, koI ijSt] Trept^XeTret ol
7rapefcSv(; dTroSpdaerac.
TIMOKAH2
OyS' EjvpL7rLS7]<; apa aoi 8ok€l \eyeiv ri vyci^;,
OTTorav avrov<^ rov^ Oeov'i eVl
dvaîâadjuL€VOv T/-/xo/cXet9,
€1 ravra 7roi,ovvT€<i ol rpay(pSol TreireiKaai ae, dvdy-
K,7) Bvotv ddrepov, tjtoc UcoXov koI ÂptaToSrj/jLOV
fcal 'Zdrvpov rjyecaOaL ae Oeov<; elvat rore rj rd
TTpoacoira tcov Oecov avrd /cal tov(; ifjufidTa^; koI
Tov<; TToSypec^ ^^rwiâ? fcal ')(XafivBa<; kol 'xecplha^
fcal TrpoyaarpiSia kol raWa 0I9 eKelvoL aefjivvvovai
Tyv TpaycphiaVj oirep koI yeXoiorarov eirel KaO'
eavTOV oiTorav ^vpLTTiSrjf;, fxrjhev eireLyovaij^; tt}?
^/êta? TCOV Spa/judrcov, rd So/couvrd ol Xiyp, aKOvat)
avTOV Tore irapprjataô/ievov,
6pa<iTov v^jrov tovK direipov aWepa
/cal yrjv irepi^ €')(ôv0*vypal^ ev dyKd\ai<; ;
Tovrov vo/jiLê 'Ztrjva, rovS^ rjyov Oeov.
KOI TTaXlV,
Zev^, 6aTi<; 6 Zei^9, ov yap ol8a, 7r\rji> Xoyco
kXikov.
Kal rd TOLavra.
1 iSUi K. Schwartz : Se'Ste MSS.

ZEUS RANTS
[n fact he is sweating and quaking it's clear he is
;
going to throw up the sponge^ and is already looking

about for a place to slip out and run away.
TIMOCLES
I suppose you don't think that Euripides is telling
the truth either^ when he puts the gods themselves
on the stage and shows them saving the heroes and
destroying villains and impious fellows like yourself?
DAMIS
Why, Timocles, you doughtiest of philosophers, if
the playwrights have convinced you by doing this,

you must needs believe either that Polus and Aristo-
demus and Satyrus are gods for the nonce, or that
the very masks representing the gods, the bus-
kins, the trailing tunics, the cloaks, gauntlets, padded
paunches and all the other things with which they
make tragedy grand are divine ; and that is
thoroughly ridiculous. I assure you when Euripides,
following his own devices, says what he thinks with-
out being under any constraint imposed by the re-
quirements of his plays, you will hear him speaking
frankly then :
Dost see on high this boundless sweep of air

That lappeth earth about in yielding arms ?
Hold this to be Zeus, and believe it God.^
And again :
'Twas Zeus, whoever Zeus is, for I know

Him not, except by hearsay.^
and so on.
^ From a lost play. These verses are translated by
Cicero {Nat. Deor. ii, 25, 65).
^ From the lost Melanippe the Wise. The line was un-
favourably received and subsequently changed (Plut. 3Ior.
756 c).
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TIM0KAH2
42 Qvfcovv a7rai^T€9 avOpwiroL ra Km Ww
i^îra-
iravriyvpiôvre^;
Tv,VTai (9t-oi;? voniôvTe^; Koi
AAMI2
TifjLOKXeiM, OTL fie vireiiviiaa^
tmv Kara
Ev 76, oj
avvChoi
WvT) vo/jitôfjievcov, df Mv fiaXiaja
ti<;
X0709 ex«- ttoX-

dv 0)9 ovhev jSeâiov o êpl Oe^v
X^ r^hp V -rapaxh ««^ aXkoiJXXa
voiiiôvat,
ZafioKîbiy
^KvOai fievaKLvaKy 0vovt€^ Kai (>^pafC€^
aurou^ VKOVtl,
BpaircTV avOpîTcp eV lâ^ôv C09
<^pv<ê^heUi]vr^ Ka\ KWioiTe^; Ufxepa Kai Kv\-
'kaovpioi -rrepiaTepa Kai VUp-
Xrivioi ^clMti Kol
kcil tovto fiev
aav iTvpl KoX AhviTTLOL vSarc.
AhvirnoL^ to vScop,^ ibia be
ciiraaL kolvov tol^
TivXovaLcoTai^ he
Mea6iTai<; fiev 6 (3ov^ Oeo^,
Kai^ aX-
KoSaavov, Kai dXXoLS I/Sl^ V KpoKoSeiXo,
XoL, KWOKirâXo, ^ aWovpo, ^
jriOnôr âi^ ert
C0/.09 deo,,TOL^ 8e
Ka-rh Kcofia, toU fiev 6 8g^09
Kai aXXoî Ke-
Kar AvTi-rrepa^ oUovacv arepor
irori^piov Kepafieovv
6aXrj, i)fJLlTO/Jiov, Kai aXXoL^
ov yeXm earvv, (o KaXe
^ rpv^XiOV. ravra 7rw9
Ti/jLOKXeif;;
MnM02 ,
^êiv et9
0{jK eXeyov, w eeoi, ravra 'rravra
eêraaOi^creaeai;
rovfJLCpavh Kai aKpi^m
ZEY2
Kai eTrerifia^ op(9w9, Kai
"EX€7e9, w Mw/xe,
liravopOdycradeai avra, i]V rov
'dycoye Treipaaofiai
Bta(f)vy(oî€V.
ev TToal rovrov kivBvvov
TIM0KAH2 ^ ^
%pô-/xoi;9 Kai
43 'AXX\ o) (96069 ix^pe (TV, tou9
154
ZEUS RANTS
TIMOCLES
Well then, all men and all nations have been mis-
taken in believing in gods and celebrating festivals ?
DAMIS
Thank you kindly, Tiniocles, for reminding me of
^vhat the nations beUeve. From that you can dis-
cern particularly well that there is nothing in the
theory of gods, for the confusion is great, and some
believe one thing, some another. The Scythians
offer sacrifice to a scimitar, the Thracians to Zamolxis,
a runaway slave who came to them from Samos, the
Phrygians to Men, the Ethiopians to Day, the
Cyllenians to Phales, the Assyrians to a dove, the
Persians to fire, and the Egyptians to water. And
while all the Egyptians in common have water for a
god, the people of Memphis have the bull, the people
of Pelusium a wild onion, others an ibis or a crocodile,
others a dog-faced god or a cat or a monkey. More-
over, taking them by villages, some hold the right
shoulder a god and others, who dwell opposite them,
the left others, half a skull, and others an earthen
;
cup or dish. Isn't that matter for laughter, good

Timocles ?
MOMUS
Didn't I tell you, gods, that all this would come
out and be thoroughly looked into ?
ZEUS
You did, Momus, and your criticism was just, i
shall try to set it all right if we escape this immediate
danger.
TIMOCLES
But, you god-hater, how about the oracles and pre-
155
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
iaofxevoyv rivo, epyov ^v
eliroL,
jrpoayope{>aeL<; rwv
ttj^ eKeivwv;
-^ Oecov Kol T?}? irpovoia^
AAMI2 , ,
tc? Avhcp o Tlveio, expêv,

&iol,; ap iKsivov hv
oîolol
rSyv '^pmv evioL, SlttoI Kai afiôrepoêev
tl
7rpo9 SirSrepov hv avTO^v ^^po, eirtarpap^; V
X}.vv t^v
So adWov 6 KpolcTO, Sca^h, tov
iêcvo, oXe^po9 to
h-Khcov raXdvrcov o 2apS.ai.o9
afjLcjyoSeîov tovto ^.iro^ iirplaTO.
MnM02 ^
AuT^ TTOV, J) eeol, avhp SteêpxeTac^ êya^v ^

iBeSUiV fidXtara. ttov vvv o Ka\o<; Vfiiv Kidapcc-
ravra.
S69; airoXoywai avT& KareXd^v 7rpo<;
ZET2
tv ^fid<; 6Vta-</)aTTet9, w Mw/ê, ovk ev fcaipcp
vvv einTLfîov.
TIMOKAH2 ^
44 ''Opa ola aXLTVpie Mfxt,^ fiovovovx^

iroiei^, ^
tco Xoyco Kai
Tb, elr) civra tmv Oecov amTpe7ret9
6o:>fxov^ avTOiV.
'^ ^ AAMI2 ,
O^ 7rayTa9 ey^ye roij^ âyfiov^, « Ttp.oK\ei^.

evfita-
yhp fcal hecvov air' avToyv ylyverai,
ei
ri
Beeviavpoc,
adrcovKal evcoUa, fêard elac;rov,
'ApTe/xi8o9 17^60)9 av eireihov
eK ein ^poyv
T779
TOiavTa v -^^p-
Keâk^v avaTpeiTOlxkvov^, ec/)' <hv
Oevo^ evcoxovfievv e%atp6i/.
156
ZEUS RANTS
dictions of coining events whose work can you call
?
them except that of the gods and their providence ?

DAM IS
Don't say a word about the oracles, my worthy
friend, or else I'll ask you which of them you want
to cite. The one that Apollo gave the Lydian, which
was thoroughly double-edged and two-faced, like
some of our Herais, which are double and just alike
on both sides, whichever way you look at them for ;
what was there to show that Croesus by crossing the

Halys would destroy his own kingdom rather than
that of Cyrus ? And yet the luckless Sardian had
paid a good many thousands for that ambidextrous
verse.
MOMUS
Gods, the man keeps saying the very things that
I most feared. Where is our handsome musician
now ? {To Apollo) Go down and defend yourself
to him against these charges !
ZEUS
You are boring us to extinction, Momus, with your
untimely criticism.
TIMOCLES
Take care what you are doing, Damis, you mis-
creant You are all but upsetting the very temples
!
of the gods with your arguments, and their altars

too.
DAMIS
Not all the altars, as far as I am concerned,
Timocles what harm do they do if they are full
; for
of incense and sweet savour ? But I should be glad
to see the altars of Artemis among the Taurians
turned completely upside down, those on which the
maiden goddess used to enjoy such horrid feasts.
157
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ZET2
r)fuv to cifiaxov kukov iiTLXeh
w<?^
TovtI TToOev
hauLLOvayv ovhevo^ dvr)p (peiSeTai, ef afia^r]<; a\V
irapprjo-taQerat Kai
fxapinei eêirj^, 09 t ahio^ 69 re koI ov/cL

MnM02
Kal fi^v 6\iyov<; av, ^ ZeO, toi>9 avatTtov9
evpoi<; iv tj/jlIv /cal irovrdxa irpomv 6 dvOpoiiro^
dytrcTac Kal twi^ Kopvâicov tlvo^.
TIMOKAH2
Ato9 aKovei^, o)
45 OvSe ^povTMVTO^ dpa tov
Oeofjidx^ /^dfJLt;
AAM12
Kal 7rw9 ov fieWco /3povTri<; aKoveiv, w Tt-
a/ze^zôi^
/x6/cXet9; e^
3' o Z6i:;9 o ^poi^roiz. eVrj, tri!;
dv elheir)<; eKelOev iroOev irapd rSiV Oeoiv a(PiyfMe-

vo<;' iirel oi ye U Kprjrv^ i^Kovre^ dWa^ V^ny
StriyovvraL, jdôv nvd KeWc MicvvaOai Kai (ttt)-
\7jv eêardvai hrjôvaav ft)9 ovKeTL fipovrrjaeiev

dv 6 Zev^ irdXai redvem.
MnMOS
Tout' eyoi irpo ttoWov riiriardiivv ipovvra tov
3' o^v, Sy
KaiZei), d>xpia.Ka<, vf^lv
dvepcoTTov. tL
dappeiv
avyKpoT€tpovelv; ovx ^pf'^
eiaiv ydi]
6aoi uKovovat Kal a)9 avfiireTreLO-fMevot
1 is vulg. : ts MSS.
ZEUS RANTS
ZEUS
Where did he get this insufferable stuff that he is
pouring out on us ? He doesn't spare any of the
gods, but speaks out hke a fishwife and
" Takes first one, then the other, the guiltless along
with the guilty." ^
MOMUS
I tellvou, Zeus, you'll find few that are guiltless
among us, and possibly as he continues the man will
soon fasten on a certain person of prominence.
TIM(jCLES
Then can't you even hear Zeus when he thunders,
Damis, you god-fighter ?
DAMIS
Why shouldn't hear thunder, Timocles ? But
I
whether it is Zeus that thunders or not, you no

doubt know best, coming as you do from some place
or other where the gods live However, the people
!
who come here from Crete tell us a different tale,

that a grave is pointed out there with a tombstone
standing upon it which proves that Zeus cannot
thunder any more, as he has been dead this long
time.
MOM us
I knew advance that the fellow would say
far in
that. But why have you become so pale, Zeus, and
why do you tremble till your teeth chatter ? You
should be bold and despise such mannikins.
ZEUS
What's that you say, Momus? Despise them?
don't you see how many are listening, and how they
* Iliad 15, 137.
159
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KaO" TjfjLMV fcal d-Trdyei avTov<^ dvaâdîevo'; tcov
coTcov 6 Aa/JLi(;;
MflMOS
(reipiiv
'AWd av, 0) Zed, oirorav^ Oe\v(Ty<;,
x^pvaeirjv KadeU d7Tavra<; avTOv<;
avrfj K6V yaiT] ipvcrai^ avrf]

re daXaaarf,
TIMOKAH2
fcardpare, ireirXevKaî ijBr} TTore;
4G RtVe fioi, 0)
AAMI2
Kal 7roWdfCi<;, o) Ttô/cXet?.
TIMOKAH2
OuKOVV €(p6pe [xev vfxd^ t6t€ i) aV€fio^ ep.iriiT'Tcov
Tfi Kal e>7r^7rXa? ra aKaria i) ol ipeTTovre^,

oOovr)
vavv;
iKvêpva 8e eh rt? icf)6ara)<; Kal eacoê ttjv
AAMI2
Kal LLciKa.
TIMOKAH2 ^
mO? ovk av eirXei fir) Kvêpvco/ievv,

Elra 75 jxev
olei Kal dvr]-fefio-
TO 8e oXov rovTO dKv/SipvrjTOV
vevTOV (p^peada^L;
ÊT2
^
Ev ye, (TVV€TO)<; 6 TcfiOKXy^ ravra
Kal iaxvp^
TW TrapaSeiy/JLaTL.
AAMI2
6eo(l>L\eaTaT€ Tt/Ao/c\et9, rev fiev
47 'A\V, 0)
Kv8epv/]TVV IkcIvov elSe? dv del

rd avficpepovra
Kaipov irapacTKevaôfievov
iiTLVoovvra Kal irph rod
aXv(TLT6\e<; de
Kal irpoaTdrrovra rot? va^rai^,
1
loX^t^V Struvc : laxvpu^s MSS
160
ZEUS RANTS
have already been persuaded against us and he is
leading them after him tethered by the ears ?

MOM us
But Avhenever you Uke, Zeus, you can let down a
cord of gold and
" Sway them aloft, with the earth and the sea, too,
^
into the bargain."
TIMOCLES
Tell me, you scoundrel, have you ever made a
voyage ?
DAMIS
Yes, often, Timocles.
TIMOCLES
Well, you were kept in motion then, were you not,
either by the wind striking the canvas and filling the
sails, or else by the rowers, but the steering was
done by a single man in command, who kept the
vessel safe ?
DAMIS
Yes, certainly.
TIMOCLES
Then do you suppose that while the ship would
not sail if she were not steered, this universe keeps
in motion unsteered and unofficered ?
ZEUS
Good ! Timocles put that very shrewdly, with a
valid illustration.
DAMIS
Why, Timocles, you superlative admirer of the gods,
in the one case you would have seen the captain
always planning what had better be done and making
ready beforehand and giving orders to the crew, and
I
Iliad 8, 24.
i6i
VOL. IL M
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ovSe dXoyov ovhev n el-)(êv rj vav<^ o fjurj XPV'
cri/jLov 7rdvTco<; /cal avajKalov rjv •TTpo<; t7)v vavn-
Xiav avTol<;'^ o Be ab<; outo<^ KvjSepvrjrrji^, ov rfj
fjbeyaXr] ravrr) vrj'l icfieardvaL dîolf;, koX ol avv-
vavrat avrov ovSev €vXoyci)<; ovSe Kara Tr]V dîav
ScardTTOvaiv, aXX' o fiev irporovo^, el Tvyoi, i<;
T7]v diroreraTaiy ol TroSe? 8' e? rrjv
irpyfivav
TTpwpav d/ji(j)6T€poi' Kol ')(pvaal fxev al dyKvpai
eviore, 6 ')(^7]VLcrK0<; Be /io\v^Bov<;, kol rd fxev
v(f)a\a fcaTdypa(f)a, rd Be eâXa t^? zêco? dfiop<j)a.
48 fcal avTcov Be rcov vavrcov cBocf; dv rov fxev dpyov
Kol dre'^voi^ koX droXfiov 7r/)09 rd epya Bi,fioipiT7]v
rj rpifJboipiTrjVy rov Be KaTaKoXvfJL^rjaai re dofcvov
/cal iirl TTjv /cepatav dvaTrrjBrjaaL pdBtov kol elBora
T(ov 'x^pTjcTLfioiv eKaara jxovov, tovtov ^ dvrXecv
TTpoaTeraypLevov rd Be avrd koI ev rol^ eiri-
^draif;, fiaariyiav fjuev riva ev irpoeBpia irapd
rov Kvjêpvrjrt'jv fca67]/jLevov fcal 6epa7rev6/ievov,
Kol dXXov KivaiBov rj rrarpaXoiav rj lepoavXov
vTreprifico/jLevov koX rd d/cpa rr}<^ veob<i /careiXr)-
(f)6ra, ')(apievra^ Be 7roXXov<; ev p^vx^ '^^^ (TKd-
001^9 arevoxf^pov pievov^ koI viro roov rrpo's dXrj-
Oeiav x^^P^vcov TrarovpLevovi;' evvoqaov yovv ottco^;
piev ^(jdKpdrr]<^ kol ÂpLareiBr}<^ errXevaav kol <S>a)-
KLcov, ovBe rd dX<pira Biap/crj exovre avrol^ Kara7rrvovre<;.
49 ToLuvra ev rfj vr]t gov yiverai, o) aocpcorare
^ t /XT] . . . avro7s text 3- &
:
H-'hXP^'*^^^ ^'' aifTois y.
^ t/cocTTO ix6uov, rovTov Jacobs : eKaara, /jl6vov tovtov vulg.
162
ZEUS RANTS
the ship would contain nothing at all that was
profitless and senseless, that was not wholly useful
and necessary to them for their voyage. But in the
other case your captain, the one who, you say, is in
command of this great ship, manages nothing in a
sensible or fitting way, and neither do the members
of his crew the forestay is carried aft, maybe, and
;
both the sheets forward, the anchors are sometimes

of gold while the figurehead is of lead, and all the
ship's underbody is painted while her upper works
are unsightly. Among the sailors themselves you
will see that one who lazy and lubberly and has
is
no heart for his work has a warrant or even a

commission, while another who is fearless at diving
and handy in manning the yards and best acquainted
with everything that needs to be done, is set to
pumping ship. So too with the passengers you'll :
see some gallows-bird or other sitting on the quarter

deck beside the captain and receiving attentions, and
another, a profligate, a parricide or a temple-robber,
getting inordinate honour and taking up the whole
deck of the ship, while a lot of good fellows are
crowded into a corner of the hold and trampled on
by men who are really their inferiors. Just think,
for example, what a voyage Socrates and Aristides
and Phocion had, without biscuits enough to eat and
without even room to stretch their legs on the bare
boards alongside the bilgewater, and on the other
hand what favours Callias and Midias and Sarda-
napalus enjoyed, rolling in luxury and spitting on
those beneath them !
That is what goes on in your ship, Timocles, you
163
M 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Tt/xo«r\ef?* Sta tovto at vavaylat fivpiat. el Be Tt?
Kvl3€pv)]T7)<; iipearct)^ ecopa koI BUraTrev CKaara,
irpoiTOV fjiev ovk av rjyvorjaev oXTLve<i ol '^pijarol
Koi o'lTLveî ol <âv\oi rcop ifiTrkeovrcdv, eireira
eKacTTCp Kara rrjv aîav ra irpoai^Kovra ciTrevei-
fi6V av, ')((opav re rr]v ajbLelvo) tol<; a/juelvocrt Trap*
avTOV avco, rr^z^ Kara) Be tol<; 'êipoaL, koI (Tvcrat-
T01/9 eartv 01)9 Kal av/xôvXav^; iiroiiâaj av, koX
T(av vavTcbv fxev irpoOvpLO'^ rj irpcppa^^ iTTifMeXyrr)^
uTreBeBeLKT^ av rj tol'ôv apxôv rj Trdvro)^ irpo tcov
aXkcov, Be OKvrjpb^ Kal paOvpuof; eiraieT av Tcp
Ka\o}Bi(£i irevTCLKL^ rrjf; r)/jLepadai Ka/cov tov kv-
êpvrjTOV t€TV')(7]k6<;}
MnM02
50 TavTL fiev rjBr] KaTa povv irpo^^p^^ tw Ad/jLiBi
fcal 7r\7](7LaTL0<i eirl Trjv VLKrjv (f)€peTai.
ZET2
Ôp6(o<i, ft) McoyLte, eLKdêt^;. 6 8' ovBev iaxvpov 6
Ti/jLo/c\rj<i eiTLVoel, dWd to, kolvcl TavTa Kal Kad^
rj/xepav dWa eir dWoi<; evTrepLTpeiTTa trdvTa
eiravTXel.
TIM0KAH5
51 OvKovv iirel tt)? V6(b<; to irapdBeLyfjua ov irdvv
(TOt IcT'^vpbv eBoêv elvai, aKovaov rjBrj Trjv lepdv,
(j)acrLV, dyKvpav Kal fjv ovBe/jna P'rjX^^V diroppi]-
J6t9.
ZET5
Ll ttots apa kul epeu;
164
ZEUS RANTS
greatest of sages, and that is why the disasters are
countless. But if there were really a captain in
command who saw and directed ever3'thing, first of
all he would not have failed to know who w ere the
good and who were the bad among the men aboard,
and secondly he would have given each man his due
according to his worth, giving to the better men the
better quarters beside him on deck and to the worse
the quarters in the hold some of them he Avould
;
have made his messmates and advisers, and as for

the crew, a zealous man would have been assigned
to command forward or in the waist, or at any rate
somewhere or other over the heads of the rest, while
a timorous, shiftless one would get clouted over the
head half a dozen times a day with the rope's end.
Consequently, my interesting friend, your comparison
of the ship would seem to have capsized for the want
of a good captain.
MOMUS
Things are going finely for Damis now, and he is
driving under full sail to victory.

ZEUS
Your figure is apt, Momus.
Yet Timocles can't
think of anything valid, but launches at him these
commonplace, every-day arguments one after another,
all of them easy to capsize.
TIMOCLES
Well then, as my comparison of the ship did not
seem to you very valid, attend now to my sheet-
anchor, as they call it, which you can't by any possi-
bility cut away.
ZEUS
What in the world is he going to say ?
165
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TIMOKAH2
"I3ot9 'yap el cLKoXovOa ravra avWoyiôfiai, koI
el TTTj avra ^vvarov aoi TTepLTpey\rai. el yap elai
I3(o/ioi, elal Kal Oeoi' oXKa firjv elcrl ^(Ofioi, elalv
dpa Koi OeoL ri 77/309 ravra (l)r)<;;
AAM12
"'Hi' Trporepov yeXdaw e<; Kopov, airoapivovfiai
a Ok,
TIMOKAH2
'PsXKa eoLKa<; ovSe iravaeaOat, ye\MV elire Se
oyL6«9 oiTT) aoL yeXolov eBoê to elprjfMevov elvai.
AAMI5
"Otl ovk aladdvrj diro Xeirrrj^ Kpofcrj^; iâyfrd'
pbevo^ (Tov Tr}v dj/cvpav, Kal ravra lepav ovcrav
ro yap elvat Oeov<i rw /Scopôv^ elvai avvhrjcra^
oUl iroi-qaaaBai air avrcov rov
IcT'^vpov opfiov.
Mare eVel p^vêv dXXo rovrov (prj^ e%€H^ elirelv
leponrepov, diridypiev rjSr],
TIM0KAH2
52 'OpôXoyet^ roivvv rjrrriaOat irpoainoiv;
AAM12
Nat, S) av yap loairep ol v-rro nvcov
TLp.6KXet<;.
Pia^6p.evoL i-rrl rov<; ^wpov^^ r^pZv Karaireêvya^;.
coare, vr) rrjv dyKVpav rr)v lepdv, iOeXco

aTreuaa-
aOai TjSr] ae e-rr avrcov ye rcbv ^(op.cov,
tt/oo? &)?
pLr]KerL irepl rovrcov epiôipêv.
TIMOKAH5
Elpcovevrj ravra tt/jo? ep.e, rvp^wpvx^ fccu p.iape
Kal Kardirrvare Kal paariyia Kal Kd6app.a;^ ov

yap lap^v ovrivo^ p.ev irarpo<; el, irw^ Se ^ P'rjrrjp
166
;
ZEUS RANTS
TIMOCLES
See whether I frame this syllogism logically^ and
\\hether you can capsize it in any way. If there are
altars, there are also gods but there are altars,
;
ergo there are also gods. What have you to say to

that?
DAMIS
After I have laughed to my heart's content I'll
tell you.
TIMOCLES
Well, it you would never stop laughing
looks as if
tell me, though, how you thought what I said was
funny.
DAMIS
Because you do not that your anchor is
see
—
attached to a slender string and it's your sheet-
anchor at that Having hitched the existence of
!
gods to the existence of altars, you think you have

made yourself a safe mooring. So, as you say you
have no better sheet-anchor than this, let's be
going.
TIMOCLES
You admit your defeat, then, by going away first ?
DAMIS
Yes, Timocles, men threatened with
for like
violence from some quarter or other, you have taken
refuge at the altars. Therefore I vow by the sheet-
anchor, I want to make an agreement with you now,
right at the altars, not to dispute any more on this
topic.
TIMOCLES
Are you mocking me, you ghoul, you miscreant,
you abomination, you gallows-bird, you scum of the
earth ? Don't we know who your father was, and
167
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
aov eiTopvevejOy kol 0)9 top aBeXcfiop direTrvtâf;
KoX ixoi')(eveL'^ koX tcl fietpafcta hta(f)6€Lp€i<^,
^^X~
rorare koX avaKryyvTOTaTe; /jltj (pevye 8' ovv, eco^;
Kol 7r\rjya<s Trap e/mou Xa^cov aireXOr]^' ijSr} yap
G6 TOVTon T(W oaTpaKcp diroacfidô) TrafM/xlapov ovra.
ZET2
53 'O pbhf ye\o)v, m
aireicnv, o h aKoKovOel
Oeol,
KararpvcfiMVTa top Adf,uv,
\otBopovjbLevo<; ov cpepcoi'
Kal €0iK6 irardêiv avrov rw Kepdfifo e? tijv kg-
(f>a\rjv. ijpêt^ Se tL Trocco/iev errl tovtol^;;
EPMH2
'O/j^co? eKelvo /uloi o KO)/jii,KO<; elprjKevaL SoKet,
ovSev ireirovQa^ heivov, dv /jltj TTpoaTroLTJ.
TL yap Kal vireppLeya KaKov, el okiyoi dvOpoyiroi

ireTreia fxevoi ravra diriaai; iroWw^ yap 01 rdvav-
Tia yLyvco(TK0VT€<; TrXetou?, 'EiWrjvcov 6 7ro\v<; Xecb<;
PdpâpoL T€ diravTe^,
ZEY2
'AXXa, ft) *FjP/jL7], to tou Aapeiov irdvv A'aXw?
eôv iarivy elirev iirl rov Zcoirvpov Mare Kal
auT09 iôv\6/jLr)v dv eva tovtov exîv rov Adfitv
(TV/jL/iaôv rj pbvpia^ fioi â^vXcova^ vTrdpêiv,
1 iroW^ Bekker ; itoWoi MSS.
i6g
ZEUS RANTS
how your mother was a courtesan^ and thai you
strangled your brother and you run after women and
corrupt the young, you height of all that's lewd and
shameless ? Don't run away Take a thrashing !
from me before you go I'll brain you right now

!
with this brickbat, dirty miscreant that you are !
ZEUS
One going away laughing, gods, and the other
is
is following him up with abuse, because he can't

stand the mockery of Damis it looks as if he would ;
hit him on the head with the brickbat. But what

of us ? What are we to do now ?
HERMES
It seems to me that the comic poet hit it riglit
when he said :
"No harm's been done you if you none admit." ^
What very great harm is it if a few men go away

convinced of all this ? The people who think
differently are in large majority, not only the rank
and file of the Greeks, but the barbarians to a man.
ZEUS
Yes, Hermes, but what Darius said about Zopyrus
is very much in point too. I myself had rather have
this man Damis alone on my side than possess a

thousand Babylons.^
^ Menander, Epitrepontes (179 Kock).
« {See Herodotus 3, 153 flf.
169
THE DREAM, OR THE COCK
A Cynic sermon in praise of poverty, cast in the form of a
dialogue between Micyllus the cobbler, who figures also in
The Downward Journey, and his cock, who is Pythagoras
reincarnated.
ONEIPO^ H AAEKTPTIIN
MIKYAA02
1 ÂWa fcaKiare aXe/crpvcov, o Zi€v<; avTO<;
aey
(pdovepov ovrco koI 6^v(f)covov ovra, 09
iiTiTpi^lreLe
fX€ Trkovrovvra koI rjSiaTw oveipcp avvovra fcal
OavfiaaTrjV evSac/bboviav evSatjuLOVovvTa hidropov
re Kol yeycovb'^ dvaffo7]aa<; i7rrj<y€Lpa<;, co? /jli]8€
vvKToyp yovv rrjv irokv crov fiiapcorepav ireviav
Sta(f)vyoL/jii. KaiTOL et ye ')(pr) refc/jLalpeaOai rfj re
r)(TV)(îa TToWfj €TL 0V(T7] KoX T(h KpV€L fjLTjSeTrcO fie
TO opOpiov cocTTrep e'lcodev d7ro7rr)yvvi'Ti yvcofxcov —

yap OVTO^ d-êvhearaTO^; fioc 7rpoaeXaviwv(Tr]<;
rjfjLepa'^
— ovSeTrco fxecrai vvkt€<^ elaiv, 6 he avirvoî
OUTO? iOdlTep TO ')(^pV(TOVV €K€LVO KCoStOV (jivXaTTCOV
d(f)' eairepa'^ ev6v<; ijSrj Ke/cpayev, dXX' ovtl yalpwy
ye' dfivpovp,ai yap dfieXei ae, tjv fiovov r)piepa
yevTjTai, awTpi^cov ttj â/cTTjpLo,' vvv Be jjloi,
TTpdy/jLara rrapeêu^ fxeTairr^hodv ev tco (tkotw.
AAEKTPrnN
Mt/cfXXe ')(apLela6ai aot
BecTTTOTa,
wfirjv tl
(fiOdvwv Trj<; oiroaov
vvkto<^
Bvval/nrjv, co? eôi?
opOpevofJievo^ Trpoavveiv Ta iroXXd tmv epycov el ^
yovv irplv dvaTelXai rjXtov jiiav KprjirlBa eêpyd"
1 et A.M.H. : ^ (or T/) 7 ; f\v (and ipydffy) fi.
172
MICYLLUS
Why^ you scurvy cock, may Zeus himself annihilate
you for being so envious and shrill-voiced 1 was
!
rolling in wealth and having a most delightful dream

and enjoying wonderful happiness when you up-
lifted your voice in a piercing, full-throated crow and
waked me up. Even at night you won't let me
escape my povertj^, which is much more of a nuisance
than you are. And yet to judge from the fact that
the silence is still profound and the cold has not yet
stiffened me as it always does in the morning —whicli
is the surest indicator that I have of the approach
—
of day it is not yet midnight, and this bird, who is
as sleepless as if he were guarding the golden fleece,
has started crowing directly after dark. He shall
suffer for it, though ! I'll pay you back, never fear,
as soon as it is daylight, by whacking the life out of

you with my stick but if I tried it now, you would
;
bother me by hopping about in the dark.

COCK
Master Micyllus, I thought I should do you a
favour by cheating the night as much as I could, so
that you might make use of the morning hours and
finish the greater part of your work early you see,
;
if you get a single sandal done before the sun rises,
173
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
aaio, irpo oôv ear) rovro eV ra d\(f>tTa ireTTOvrj-
K(i)^. el he aoL KaOevheiv i]BioVy eô) fxev rjav')(^d-
(TOfial aoi Kol TToXv d(f)covorepo<i eaofiat, roov
l')(6v(0Vy av Be opa otto)? /jur) ovap ttXovtcov Xl/icot-
Tr]<; dve'yp6fjLevo<;.
MIKTAA02
2 n Zev repdarce kol 'Y{pdKXei<i dXe^LfcaKe, rt to
KaKov TovTo eartv; dvOpcoTTLVco^; eXdXrâev 6 dXe-
KTpvcov.
AAEKTPrnN
Elra a 01
Tepa? elvac BokcI to tolovtov, el
ofjio^wvo^ vpuv elfJbi;
MIKTAA02
IIco? yap ov Tepa<^; dXX dTroTpeiroLTe, co Oeoi,
TO Betvov d(f)^ r)/jL(t)v.
AAEKTPTHN
Xv p.0L BofceL<;, ^liKvXXe, KO/juBfj drraiBevTOî
o)
elvai p,7]Be dveyvcoKevac Ta Op,7]pov iroLi^jJUTa, ev

ol<; fcal Toif A)(iXXe(o<^ tTTTro? 6 p,dvOo<; fiaKpd
'Xâlpecv (f)pdaa(; tw ')(pe/jLeTLêLv eaTrjKev ev jxeao)
T(ti TToXefxa) BiaXeyofxevo'^, eTrrj oXa pa-^jrwBcop, ou^
MaTrep eycb vvv dvev twv pêTpcov. dXXd kol
epavTeveTO eKelvo^ Koi tcl pêXXovra TrpoeOecnTiê
Kol ovBev Tc irapdBoôv iBo/cec iroietv, ovBe 6
dKOvcov eireKaXeLTO cjaTrep av tov dXe^LKaKOv,
dTTOTpoTratov r)yovp,evo<; to UKOvapa. KaiTOi rt
dv eTTolrjaa^;, el aoL r) t^9 Apyov<; t/dott^?
iXdXrjcrev wcnrep iTOTe, rj^ r) (f)'rjyb<; ev AcoBcovif
avT6(f)(ovo<; epâvTevaaTo, t) el ^vpaa<; elBe^
ep7rovaa<; koi /3ocov Kpea p,VKd)p,eva t)p,L07rTa "
TrepiTTeirappLeva toI<; 6peXo1<;; eycb Be 'Eppov Trap-
^ fj Fritzsche : not in MS8,
'"^
ijIxioTTTa Cobet : ^/utoTrra kuI e<pdd y ; rjfxieipda fi.
^74
! !

you be so much ahead toward earning your daily
will
bread. But if you had rather sleep, I'll keep quiet
for you and will be much more mute than a fish.
Take care, however, that you don't dream you are
rich and then starve when you wake up.
MICYLLUS
Zeus, god of miracles, and Heracles, averter of
harm ! what the devil does this mean ? The cock
talked like a human being
COCK
Then do you think it a miracle if I talk the same
language as you men ?
MICYLLUS
Why isn't it a miracle ? Gods, avert the evil
omen from us
COCK
It appears to me, Micyllus, that you are utterly un
educated and haven't even read Homer's poems, for in
them Xanthus, the horse of Achilles, saying good-bye
to neighing forever, stood still and talked in the
thick of the fray, reciting whole verses, not prose as
I did indeed he even made prophecies and foretold
;
the future yet he was not considered to be doing

;
anything out of the way, and the one who heard him
did not invoke the averter of harm as you did just now.
thinking the thing ominous.^ Moreover, what would
you have done if the stem of the Argo had spoken to
you as it spoke of old,^ or the oak at Dodona had
prophesied with a voice of its own or if you had ;
seen hides crawling and the flesh of oxen bellowing

half-roasted on the spits ? ^ I am the friend of
* Iliad 19, 407 ff. 2 Apoll. Rhod. 4, 580 ff.
3 Od. 12, 3l'5 flf.
175
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eS/309 oiv XaXco-TaTOV koX XoyLcordTOV 6eo)v airdv-
T(ov KoX ra dWa ajjôUaiTo^ v/iiv kol (Ji)VTpO(\)o^ ov
%aXe7rcL>9 e^xeWov i/c/uiad/jaeaOai rrjv dvOpcoTrivrjv
(t)a)vr)V. el Be ix^fiuOrjaeLV viroaxoto fioi, ovk av
oKvijcratfjii aoL tjjv dXTjOearepav aiTiav eliretv

rf;? 7r/?09 u/.ia9 6iJL0(^wvLa<; fcal oOev virdpxî p-oi
ovTO) \a\ecv.
MIKTAA02
3 'AWd fJL7] oveipo^ koX ravrd iaTLv,Ji\€KTpva)p
ouTO) 7r/309 i/Jê ovv irpo^ tov
SiaXeyofievo^;; elire 8'
'Kp/jLOV, 0) fieXTLO-re, 6 re kol dXXo aoo Trj<; (fxoviy;
atrtov. ft)9 he accoTr/jaofiai koI irpo^ ovBeva epco,
TL ae XPV heBcevai; Tt9 yap dv Tnareva-eLe fxoi, el re

BirjyoL/nrjv 009 dXeKTpv6vo<; avTO elirovro^ aKijKOcof;;
AAEKTPXnN
"AKOve TOivvv TrapaSoôrarov aoi ev oI3' oTt
Xoyovy 0} MiKvXXe- ovroal yap 6 vvv aoc dXe-
KTpVCbV (f)aLv6/jL6VO^ OV IT pO TTOXXOV dvO pWITO^ TJV.
MIKTAA02
"E-KovG-d TV fcal irdXai toiovtov afxeXei irepl
vpcov ft)9 'AXeKTpvd)v Tt9 veavi(7K0<; (îXo^ yevoiro
Tco "A pel Kal o-VfiTTLVoi TW 6e(p koI avy/ca)fxd^0L
Kal
kUvcovol)] tmv epcoTLKOiV elirore yovv dTTtot irapd
rrjv pLOiX^vawv 6 ^'Apr]^, eTrdyeaOai
\\<f)poSLT7]v
Kal TOV 'AXeKrpvova, Kal iiTeihyîTep tov "HXlov
pLaXicJTa v(f)ecopdTO, fjurj KaTihcbv eêiiroL irpo^ tov
"H.(l)ataTov, eô) 7rp09 Tat9 Ovpat^ diroXeiTreiv
del
TOV veavidKOV fjbt]vv(T0VTa oiroTe dvlaxoi o HX609.

elra ttotc KaTaKOLpurjOrivaL tov 'AXeKTpvova Kai
irpoBovvaL tjjv (ppovpdv aKOVTa, tov Se "HXlov
176
HermeSj the most talkative and eloquent of all the
gods, and besides I am the close comrade and mess-
mate of men^ so it was to be expected that I would
learn the human language without difficvlty. But if
you promise me to keep your own counsel^ I shall
not hesitate to tell you the real reason for my having
the same tongue as you, and how it happens that I
can talk like this.
MICYLLUS
Why, not a dream, is it ? A cock talking
this is
to me this way ? Tell me, in the name of Hermes,

my good friend, what other reason you have for your
ability to speak. As to my keeping still and not
telling anybody, why should you have any fear, for
who would believe me if I told him anything asserting
that I had heard it from a cock ?
COCK
Listen, then, to an account which will be quite
incredible to you, I am very sure, Micyllus. I who
now appear to you in the guise of a cock was a man
not long ago.
MICYLLUS
I heard something to that effect about you cocks a
good while ago. They say that a young fellow
named Alectryon (Cock) became friends with Ares
and drank with the god and caroused with him and
shared his amorous adventures at all events, when-;
ever Ares went to visit Aphrodite on poaching bent,

he took Alectryon along too and as he was especially
;
suspicious of Helius, for fear that he would look

down on them and tell Hephaestus, he always used
to leave the young fellow outside at the door to
warn him when Helius rose. Then, they say,
Alectryon fell asleep one time and unintentionally
177
VOL. II. N
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XaOovra eTTLGTipai 'A4>pohLTy fcal tw "Apet
rfi
jov
a6p6vTL8L avairavofievcp Sia to irLareveiv
ovtcd
'AXeKTpvova fMrjvvaac av, el Tt9 enriOL' Kai
Tov^RcjiaLO-rov Trap 'HXiou fxaOovra
avWa/SeiV
aayrivevcravTa rol^^be-
avTOv^ irepilSaXovTa fcal
auLol^ a irdXai fie/x^X'^vrjô eV
avrov^' at^êBevra
ayavaKTrjaat Kara jov
Be 0)9 aiêuOv rov "Apv ^
avrov ek tovtl to
'A\6KTpv6vo<; fcal fieTa/Sakelv
jov Xocjôv
Spveov avTol<; ottXol^, cI)9 ert tov Kpdvov<;
'iyetv eirlttj KeôXfj, ha tovto vfict^ airoXoyov-
ataer).
^kvov^ T(b''Ap€L 6t ovhh 6cpe\o^,i'7T€L6ap
irpo iroXkov fioav
(jde ave\eva6pievov tov rfXiov,
i'jn(T7)iJLaivofJLevov^ ti^v avaTo\r]V
avTOV.
AAEKTPTnN
4 âal fJL6VTavra, w MUvWe, to Be ifiov
fcal
"^^'^-
hepolSv TL eyeveTO, Kal iravv evayx^^ ^^^
Tpvova <JOi iJLeTaPel3r}fca,
MIKYAA02
IIw?; eêXft) yap tovto fiaXiaTa elBevau
AAEKTPTHN
AK0vec<; Tiva UvOayopav Mvyjaapx^'^V^ â-
^
fJLLOV;
MIKYAA05
Tov aocj)L(TTr)V XeyeL^, tov aXa^^va, 09 ivofwOe-
TU MTe Kp6MV yeveaOai /x;;t6 Kvd/xoy^ laeieiv,
r]Bi(jT0v ifiol yovv ofov eKTpdireôv^ d7TO(f)atv(ov,
he Be irelOcov tou9 dvOpoiirovi ft)9 Trpo tov UvOa-
1 Text j3 : OJaOa apa rhv nvdaydpav ; 7.
178
betrayed his post, and Helius unexpectedly stole
upon Aphrodite with Ares, who was sleeping peace-
fully because he relied on Alectryon to tell him if
anyone came near. So Hephaestus found out from
Helius and caught them by enclosing and trapping
them in the snares that he had long before contrived
for them and Ares, on being let go in the plight in
;
which Hephaestus let him go,^ was angry at Alectryon

and changed him into this bird, weapons and all, so
that he still has the crest of his helmet on his head.
And for this reason, they say, you cocks try to put
yourselves right with Ares when it is no use, and
when you notice that the sun is about to come up,
you raise your voices far in advance and give warning
of his rising.
COCK
That what they say, Micyllus, I grant you but
is ;
my own experience has been quite different, and it

is only just lately that I changed into a cock.
MICYLLUS
How ? That is what I want to know above all
else.
COCK
of a man
Have you ever heard named Pythagoras,
the son of Mnesarchus, of Samos ?
MICYLLUS
You mean the who made laws
sophist, the quack,
against tasting meat and eating beans, banishing
from the table the food that I for my part like best
of all, and then trying to persuade people that be-
fore he became Pythagoras he was Euphorbus (Well-
^ The story is told in the Odyssey 8, 300-366, and repeated
by Lucian in Dialogues of the Gods, 21.
179
N 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
yopov ^v(f)opl3o(; jevoiTo; ^ yo^jra (fyacrc kol repa-
Toupyov dvdpcoTTOv, 0) aXefcrpvcov.
AAEKTPrnN
EiK€Lvo<; avTo<; iyco aoi elfjn o Ilv6ayopa<;. cocrre
TraO', ayyaOe, \oLSopovfjL€v6<; /jLol, kol ravra ovk el-
So)? Oi09 Ti9 ^P TOP rpOTTOV.

MIKTAA05
Tout' av fiafcpa) ifcecvov reparcoBeaTepov, oXck-
Tpvoov (pcXoaocjiO^. elire 8e oyu-&)9, w i^luijcrdpôu
TTol, 0770)9rjfilv avTi fjiev avOpooTrov 6pvL<;, dvrl Be
âfjuiov Tavaypaloî dvaTT6(f)Tjva<;' ov TrtOavd yap

ravra ovSe irdw TnarevaaL pahia, errel Kal hv
jjLOL
7]8)} rerrjpTj/cevai Sofco) irdw dXkorpca ev aoi
rov UvOayopov.
AAEKTPrnN
a TToca;
MIKTAA02
'Êv fiev onkoi KpafcriKO<;, o Be aLcowdv
\d\o<^ el
€9 irevre 6\a erepov Be Kal irav-

err), ol/jLai, Traprjvei,
T6Xw9 TTapdvo/jLov ov yap e^cwi^ o re aot irapa-

pdXoLfXL el fir) - Kvd/j,ov<; %ê9 rj/cov ct)9 olaOa,^ Kal
av ovBe fieWrjaaî dveXeâ^ avrov<;- coare i'xjrev- *]
adai aoL dvdyicr] Kal dWo) eivai t) HvOayopa ovn

irapavevofj/qKevai Kal ro taov r)ael3t]Kei'at Kvapiov^
(fyayovra &)9 av el rrjv Kecf)a\T)v rov 7rarpo<; eB?]-
BoKet^;.
^ Text fi : ?Ti 5e ire'ida}!/ tovs au6pu>irovs is TreVre €t;j ,u7; 5ia-
Xfyecrdai ; AAEK. "icrOi 5?}ra Ka.Ke7vo, ws irph rov UvOayopov
Y.v(popQo5 y^voiTo y. The : y reading is, I think, due to some-
one's desire to make a pun on Uvdayopas {Ueidayopas) to match
that on Ev(popôs.
2 et fX7] A.JNJ.H. not in MSS. Fritzsche reads
: ov yap
<.a.A\o> excov '6ti aoi irapaâKoiixi <^>.
^ 7)Kov ws olada Fritzsche ^«wv is oltrda ^X""^ ^ i
: *»'* ulada
eX<*"' ^Kov y.
i8o
fed) ? They say he was a conjurer and a miracle-
monger_, cock.
COCK
I am that very Pythagoras, Micylhis, so stop
abusing me, iny good friend, especially as you do not
know what sort of man I really was.
MICYLLUS
Now this is far more miraculous than the other
thing A philosopher cock Tell me, though, son
! !
of Mnesarchus, how you became a cock instead of a

man and a Tanagriote instead of a Samian.^ This
story not plausible nor quite easy to believe, for
is
I think have observed two things in you that are

I
quite foreign to Pythagoras.
COCK
What are they ?
MICYLLUS
One thing is that you are very noisy and loud-
voiced, whereas he recommended silence for five
whole years, I believe. The other is actually quite
illegal I came home yesterday, as you know, with
;
nothing but beans to throw you, and you picked

them up without even hesitating. So it must be
either that you have told a lie and are someone else,
or, if you are Pythagoras, you have broken the law
and committed as great an impiety in eating beans as
if you had eaten your father's head.^
^ Tanagrain Boeotia was famous for its game-cocks.

^ Anallusion to the pseudo-Pythagorean verse 'I<roi/ roi
Kvdfj.ovs re âyuv K^tpaXas re roKi]u)V. (It is just as wrong for
you to eat beans as to cat the heads of your parents.
i8r
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
AAEKTPTHN
Ov yap olaOa, co alria tovtmv
Mt'/ci/X-Xe, i]ri<;
ovSe TO, 7rp6a(f)opa eKaarrp 670) Be rore
/Bloi.
jxev ovK i-jaOiov roov fcudpLcoj', i(j)i\oao<f)ovv ydp'

vvv he (f)dyoLfi dv, opviOiKrj ydp koI ovk diroppif-
T09 r]pAV rj Tpo(f)7]. 7r\i]v dW
el croi (f)i\ov, aKove
oTTCoî e/c Ilv6ay6pov touto vvv elp.i Koi ev o'loc^;
l3L0i<; TTporepov e^corevaa koX driva r^? fJLeTaô\rj<;

efcdcrTr)<; diroXeXavKa.
MIKTAA02
Aeyot<; civ co? epbotye vTrep^jBiaTOV dv to aKovcTfia
yevocTO, Scrre et Ti9 aipeaiv irpoOeir), irorepa /xdX-
\ov iOeXo) (Tov dKOveiv rd roLaura Bie^t6vT0<; rj
Tov iravevSaifiova oveipov e/celvov av6L<; opav tov
p,LKpov epLirpoaOeVy ovk olSa oirorepov dv e\oip.rjv'
ouTO)? dheX^d r^yovyuat rd ad rot? tjSlcttois (pavel-
<Ti KCii ev 'iarj v/j,d<; Tififj dyco, ere re KCtX to ttoXv-
Ti/JLr)T0V eVVlTVLOV.
AAEKTPYnN
"Eri ydp (TV dvaTepjTrd^T} tov oveipov o(ttl<; rroTe
6 (paveis croL rjv tcai Tiva lvSd\p,aTa fiuTaia Sia-
(hvXd.TTeis, fcevrjv koI &)? iroirjTiKo^ \0709 (f)Tjalv
dpLevr}V7]v Tiva evSac/jioviav tj} fivyjfjbrj /neTaSicoKcov;
MIKYAA02
'AXV ov8^ e'iTLXr)<jop.ai iroTe, 6) dXeKTpvcov, ev
laOi, Ti]<; 6yfre(o<; iK€LV7]<;' ovtcj pboi ttoXv to pêXt
KaTaXnrcov (p')(eTo, 0)9
iv T0t9 6(f)0aXfjboL<; o 6veipo<;
p,oyt<; dvoiyeiv Td ^Xe(f)apa vir avTov eh virvov
avdtî /caTaairdopieva. olov yovv ev toI<; coal Td
iTTepd epydêTai aTpecbopêva, toiovtov ydpyaXov
7rapei')(eT6 fiot ra opcopêva.
182
COCK
Why, Micyllus, you don't know what the reason
foi these rules is, and what is good for particular
modes of existence. FoiTnerly I did not eat beans
because I was a j)hilosoj)her, but now I can eat them
because they are fit food for a bird and are not for-
bidden to us. But listen if you like, and I'll tell
you how from Pythagoras I became what I am, and
what existences I formerly led, and what I profited
by each change.
MICYLLUS
Do tell me, be more than delighted
for I should
to hear it. Indeed, if anyone were to let me choose
whether I preferred to hear you tell a story like that
or to have once more that blissful dream I had a
little while ago, I don't know which would be my
choice for in my estimation what you say is close
;
akin to the most delightful of visions, and I hold

you both in equal esteem, you and my priceless
dream.
COCK
What, are you still brooding on that vision, what-
ever it was that came to you, and are you still
cherishing idle delusions, hunting down in your
memory a vain and (as they say in poetry) disem-
bodied happiness ?
MICYLLUS
Why, I shall never forget that vision, cock, you
may be sure. The dream left so much honied sweet-
ness in my eyes when it wxnt away that I can
hardly open my lids, for it drags them down in sleep
again. In fact, what I saw gave me as pleasant a
titillation as a feather twiddled in one's ear.
183
. THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
AAEKTPrnN
^HpaKXei^, heivov riva (^7)9 tov ovetpov} et ye
TTTrjvo^; cov, W9 (f>acnv, koI opov e'xwv t^9 7rT7;creo.>9
TOV VTTVOV virep ra ecrKaiijueva ijSr] in-jSa koI iv-
Biarplêi averoyoai toI^ o(^6a\fjiol<^ iJieki')(^po<; ovtw^;
fcal ivapyr)<^ (pacvopevo^;' iOeXco yovv aKOvaat 0I09
Ti<; eartv ovrco aot TptTToOrjro^; 6)V.
MIKYAA02
''ET0fc//-09 Xeyeiv rjBv yovv to pepivrjaOai koX
Bie^tevaL tl Trepl avTov. av Be irrfVLKa, oi TlvOayopa,
Biriyrjar) tcl irepl tmv p,6Ta/3o\a)v;
AAEKTPTHN
^KireiBav av, m MiKvWe, iravarj oveipcoTTCOv Kal
aTTo^î'^crrj airo twv
to pbekr vvv Be
/SXecfxipcov
irpoTepo^ pdOo) €lt6 Bia tcov iXecpavrlvcov
elire, ct)9
TTVXWV €IT€ Bia TMV K€paTLV(OV aOi 6 6v6lpO<; rjK€

7r€T0/xei^09.
MIKYAA02
OvBe Bi eT€pa<; tovtcov, m UvOayopa,
AAEKTPrnN
Kal p^]v "OpL7]po(; Bvo TavTa<i Xeyet,
MIKTAA02
"Ea )(âipei.v tov Xrjpov eKslvov TTotrjTyv ovBev
elBoTa oveipcov irept. ol irevrjTe'; icr(o<i oveipoi Bia
TMV TOiovTODV iîacTiv, 0101/9 €K€ivo<; icopa ovBe
irdvv aa<f)(t)<; TV(f)Xo<i avT0<; mv, ipuol Be Blo, ')(^pvaci)v
TLVCOV irvXwV 6 7^BL(TT0<i a(f)LK6T0, ^pV(T0V<; KOi
^ ^(iv6v Tiva (pT}s rhv oveipov Reifferscheid hiiv6v riva

: (pr,s
rhv Upwra tov Ivvnviov (or rhv epcora cprjs rov iiûirviov) MSS.
184
COCK
Heracles By what you say, Master Dream is an
!
adept indeed. Rumour says that he has wings and

can fly to the Umit set by sleep, but now he "jumps
over the pit " ^ and lingers in eyes that are open,
presenting himself in a form so honey-sweet and
])alpable. At all events I should be glad to hear
what he is like, since you hold him so very dear.
MICVLLUS
I am ready to tell ; in fact, it will be delightful
to think and talk about it. But when are you going
to tell me about your transmigrations, P}i:hagoras ?
COCK
When you stop dreaming, Micyllus, and rub the
honey out of your eyes. At present, you speak
first, so that I may find out whether it was through
the gates of ivory or the gates of horn that the

dream winged its way to you.
MICYLLUS
Not through either of them, Pythagoras.
COCK
Well, Homer mentions only those two.-
MICYLLUS
Let that poet go hang
silly He knows nothing !
about dreams. Perhaps the beggarly dreams go

out through those gates, dreams like those he used
to see and he couldn't see them very plainly
;
at that, for he wâs blind ! But my darling dream

^ The metaphor comes from the proverbial jump of
Pha3'llus. Fifty feet of ground had been broken 1o form a
pit for the jumpers to alight in, but Phaylhis, they say, came
down on the solid ground, five feet beyond the pit.
- Od. 19, 562. The truthful dreams use the gates of horn,
the deceitful the gates of ivory.
185
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
auTO? Kal %/3f o'a irdvTa 7r€pi/3€^\rj/iievo<; Koi ttoXv
eirayo/JLevo^; ')(^pv(Tiov.
AAEKTPrflN
Have, ft) Miha /BeXricrTe, XP^fôXojMV arexvm
yap ifc T?J9 eKeivov aot €vx^l^ "to evvirvwv Kav
jULeraXKa 6\a p^/3ucreta K€K0i/jbrja6ai iwi SoKel^;.
MIKTAA02
UoXv, ft) Ylvdayopa, ^/jfo-to?^ elSov, iroXv, ttw?
Oi€L KaXov rj oiav ti-]v avyi-jv dTrao-Tpdirrov; tl

TTore 6 IlivBap6<; cpt^cn Trepl avrov iiraLVOdv — dvd-
jjivqaov yap fie, eiTrep olaOa — orrrore vScop apiarov
elwcbv elra to p^pucrtoi^ OavjJidêi, ev ttoiwv, iv dp^fl

evOv<; Tov KaXkiaTov tmv aafidrcov dirdvrwv;
AAEKTPrriN
dpio-TOv fiev vhcop, 6 Se %/!)t;o-o9 aWojievov irvp

are îairpeireL vvktI fieydvopo^ ^'fo%a ttXovtov;
MIKTAA02
N^ Ata avTo tovto- wairep yap rovfiov ivv-
TTVtov Ihoov 6 UbvSapo'; ovto)<; eiraivel to %/}Lfc7toi/.
0)9 Be TjSri jJidOr)^ olov tl rjv, d/covaov, w cro^wTaTc

dXcKTpvcov. OTi fiev ovK ol/coaiTO^ rjv %^69, olaOa'
EvKpdTr]^; yap fie 6 TrXovcno^; evTVx^v ev dyopa
Xovcrdfievov iîceiv eKeXeve ttjv copav eirl to Belirvov*
86
came through gates of gold^ and it was gold itself
and all dressed in gold and brought heaps of gold
Avith it.
COCK
Stop babbling of gold, most noble Midas. Really
your dream was just like Midas' prayer, and you
appear to me to have slept yourself into whole gold-
mines.
MICYLLUS
I saw a Pythagoras, a lot you can't
lot of gold, ;
think how beautiful it was, and with what brilliancy

it shone. What is it that Pindar says in praising it ?
Remind me, if you know. It is where he says water
is best and then extols gold (and well he may), right
in the beginning of the most beautiful of all his
odes.
COCK
Is this what you are after }
" Water is best, but gold
Like blazing fire at night
Stands out amid proud riches." ^
MICYLLUS
That is it, by Heaven Pindar praises gold as
!
though he had seen my dream. But listen, so that

you may know what it was like, wisest of cocks. I
did not eat at home, yesterday, as you know for ;
Eucrates, the rich man met me in the public square

and told me to take a bath^ and then come to dinner
at the proper hour.
^ Olymp. 1, 1.
* No on the personal habits of Micyllas is in-
reflection
tended. As the bath was the recognized prehminary to
dining-out, to mention it amounts to little more than telhng
him to dress for dinner.
187
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
AAEKTPTnN
8 OlSa irdw tovto iT6iV'i](Ta<; irap oXrjv rrjv rj/ne-
pav, cixp^ f-('Ot pa6eia<i 7]Sr) eairepa^; rjKe<; viroê-

eKeivov^ KOfxi^fov, ov
i3p€y/ji6vo<^ Tov<; Trevre fcvd/nov^;
irdvv ha'î\e<; to helirvov oKeKTpvovi dOXrjrfj irore
yevofxivcp Koi ÔXv/jLTTca ov/c dcjyavcJof; dycovKrafjievq).
MIKYAA02
'EttcI 8e heLirvrjaa^ iiravrjXOov, kicdOevhov ev9v<;
TOv<; Kvd/jLOV<; croc irapajBaXwv, elrd /loi Kara rov
'OjJiripov " d/jL^p0(7ir]v Bia vvktu " êto? T£? &)?
dXr]6(o<; oveipo^ i7naTd<; . . .
AAEKTPTnN
To. irapd Tft) ^vKparei irporepov, w Mt/cfXAe,
Stjjyrjaac, /cat to helirvov olov ey^v€T0 /cat to, iv ro)
(TVfjLiToaifp irdvTa' KcoXvec yap ovSev avOi<; <je Sei-
TTvetv oveipov Tiva tov SeiTrvov eKeivov
odairep
dvairXdTTOvra fcal dvajxapvKiajxevov ttj /JLvrj/nr) to,
iSe/Spcofieva.
MIKYAA02
9 "fli./jLr)v koX raOra hLr)yoviievo^' iirel
ivo')(Xt]aeiv
Be (TV Koi By] Xeyw.
TTpoOv/jLTj, ov irpoTepov, w
Uvfayopa, irapd irXovaicp tlv\ BeiTrvrjaa^ iv
diravTL T(p jSlrp, TV')(r} tivI dya6fj ivTvy^dvco
^ê? T(p "EiVKpdTei, Ka\ iyco jnev irpocreiTrcbv avTOV
Mcrirep eldaOeiV BeairoTrjv dTrrjXXaTTO/nTjv, &)? /jlt)
KaTaLa')(yvaLp.L avTov iv ireviXP^ ^^ Tplpayvi

av/jLTrapo/jLapTMV, 6 Be, " MtVfXXe," (ptjai, " dvya-
Tpo<; TTjfjLepov eaTLO) yeveOXia Kai irapeKdXeca tow
(piXcov fxdXa TToXXou?* Be rivd (fyacriv avTcov
iirel
paXaKO)^ eôvTa ov)(^ olov re elvac avvBeiTrvclv
pieO^ rj/xwv, <jv dvT eKeivov rj/ce XovadpLevof;, rjv fir]
i88
COCK
I know very well
tliat I went hungry all day
;
until finally, late in the evening, you came back

rather tight, bringing me those five beans, not a
very bounteous repast for a cock who was once an
athlete and made a fair showing at the Olympic
games.
MICVLLUS
When Icame home after dinner, I went to sleep
as soon as I had thrown you the beans, and then
"through the ambrosial night," as Homer puts it,^ a
truly divine dream came to me and . . .
COCK
First tell me what happened at Eucrates', Micyllus,
how the dinner was and all about the drinking-
party afterwards. For there is nothing to hinder
you from dining all over again by making up a dream
so to speak, about that dinner and chewing the cud
of your food in fancy.
MICYLLUS
I thought I should bore you by telling all that, but
since you want it, here goes. I never before dined
with a rich man in all my life, Pythagoras, but by
a stroke of luck I met Eucrates yesterday after ;
giving him "Good-day, master," as usual, I was for

going away again, so as not to shame him by joining
his compcmy in my beggarly cloak. But "Micyllus," :
said he, " I am giving a birthday party for my

daughter to-day, and have invited a great many of
my friends but as one of them is ill, they say, and
:
can't dine with us, you must take a bath and come in
his place, unless, to be sure, the man I invited says
1 Iliad 2, 5G.
189
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
6 ye k\'}]0€1<^ auT09 ecTrrf d(f>i^€cr6ai, ct)9 vvv ye
cificpi/SoXo'^ ecTTLV. TovTO ciKovaaî iyo) irpoa-
tcvvrjaa^ airrjeLV €V')(^6fievo<i airaai 6eol<; rjiriakov
Tiva Tj TrXevpcTLV rj TroSdypav eirLireiJ/yâL T<p
fxaXafCiôjiievq^ eKeivoi ou ecpeSpo^; iyoo /cal civri-
heiTTvo^ Kol SLdSo)(ô<; i/c€/c\i']fi7]V' KoX TO ci')(^pi rod
XovTpov aloyva /n']Ki(TTOV iriOi/jLrjv, (jvv6')(e<^ iin-

cFKOiToyv oiroddiTovv to cTTOtêlov etr) koI irrjvLKa
yBn XovaOai ^ heoi.
KaTret^T; ttotc o Kaipo'^ d(f>L/c€TO, ttô? Td)(ô<;
e/jiavTOV d'n-oppvyjra<; aireLfJn Koa/jLiCi)^; pdXa ia^^]-

to rptôovtov &)? iirl too
fjLaTiafjLevo^, dvaaTpe-\lra<;
10 KaOapcoripov yevoiTO r) dvaôXt]' /caTaXafi^dvo)
TS irpo^ rat? Ovpai^ dXXov<; t€ ttoXXoik; koI B))
KaKelvov (ôpdhrfv viro Terrdpcov KeKopaapêvov, o5
//,e vTrohetiTvelv eSei, tov voaelv Xeyo/ievoVy /cal
iB^Xov Be Trou7]p(i)(; €)(Ct)V' virecTTeve yovv kol
vire/STjTTe koI e)(pep,7TTeT0 pivyiov tl koI BvdTrpocr-
oBov, ODXP^^ oXc:; U3V KoX BioyBrjKCOf;, dp,<pl Ta e^rj-
Kovra errj G')(eB6v' eXeyero Be ^tXocroô? t*?
elvac TMV 7r/}09 rd /jueLpdKLa (pXvapovvTcov. o yovv
TTcoycop fxdXa TpayiKo^ rjv e? vireplBoXrjv KovpLwv.
/cat aLTLco/jLepov ye Âp^Lîov tov laTpov Biotl
ovTa)ov dvBpa, kclv
fivplai voaot, ifiiroBcov larcovTai' rjyâerai yap
Kv/cpdT7]<; vTrepeoopdaOai TTyoo? rjficop.^^ " Ov fxep
ovp^ elTTOv iyco, " aXX' eTraipeaeTai ere, rjp olkol
Trapd aavTM pdXXov diroOapelv e6eXr)<; rjirep iv t«
av/JLTTOCTLO), (TVPava')(^pep^-^dfi€PO<; ttjp yj^v^V^ p£Td
TOV 0Xe7yLtaTO9." eKelpo<i jiev ovv vtto /leyaXo-
^ \ov(Tdai Cobet : \e\ovffdai MSS.
190
that he will come himself, for just now his coming is
doubtful." On
hearing this I made obeisance to him
and went away, praying to all the gods to send an
attack ot ague or pleurisy or gout to the invalid
whose substitute and diner-out and heir I had been
invited to become. I thought it an interminable
age until my bath, and kept looking all the while
to see how long the shadow was and when it would
at last be time to bathe.
When the lime finally came, I scrubbed myself
with all speed and went off very well dressed, as 1
had turned my cloak inside out so that the garment
might show the cleaner side. I met at the door a
number of peoj^le, and among them, carried on the
shoulders of four bearers, the man whose place I was
to have filled, who they said was ill and in fact he
;
was clearly in a bad way. At any rate he groaned

and coughed and hawked in a hollow and offensive
way, and was all pale and flabby, a man of about
sixty. He was said to be one of those philosophers
who talk rubbish to the boys, and in fact he had
a regular goat's beard, excessively long. And when
Archibius, the doctor, took him to task for coming in
that condition, "Duty," he said, "must not be
shirked, especially by a philosopher, though a
thousand illnesses stand in his way Eucrates ;
would think he had been slighted by me." " No

indeed," said I, " He will commend you if you
choose to die at home rather than to hawk and spit
your life away at his party " But the man's pride
!
191
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
(ppocrvvT]^ ov irpoaeTToielTO aKrjKoevai rov (tkco/jl-
lxaTO<^' icpLCTTaTai. Se /uLera fiiKpov 6 ÂV/cpdrrj^;
\€\ovfi€Po<; Kol lS(i)v rov %ea jJLOTrokiv — tovto yap

6 (j)t\6ao(f)o<; i/caXelro — " AcSda/caXe/^ c^rjaiv, " ev
8'
/JL6V eTTOLr)aa<; avro^ rjKOiv Trap" rj/jud^;, ov /xelov
dv Tt croi iyivero, teal dirovrt yap diravTa e^7]<;
oLTrearaXTO az;*" Kal dfia Xiycov elarjei %e//?-

aycoycov rov %eafi67ro\iv iirepeihoiievov Kal tol'^
11 olKerai<s' iyco fjuev ovv dinevai 7rapeaKeva^6/jLy]i', 6
Be i'TTLaTpa(ê\<; Kal eVl ttoXv ivSoidaa<;, iireb fie
irdvv a Kv6 pwirov elBe, **

TldpiOi,"^ ecpr], " /cal av, w
Mt/cfWe, Kal avvSeiTrvei fxeff' rjfjicov rov vlov yap
iyo) KeXevaco iv ry yvvaLKcovLrcSi fxera r7]<; fiTjrpof;
earcdaOai, 0)9 av ')(o)pav 6;^?79-" elayeiv ovv judrriv

\vK0<; ')(âvo)v rrapa fiLKpov, ala-^vvopbevo'^ on
ihoKOvv iêXrjXaKevai rov av/jLTToalov rb iraihiov
rov ¥^vKpdrov<;.
KaTretS^ KaraKXLveaOat, Katpo<^ rjv, Trpayrov fiev
dpdfxevoc dveOecrav rov %ea pboiroXiv ovk dirpay-
fjLovco^; fia Ala rrevre olfiaL veavlaKoi evfieyedet^;,
vrravêvia Trepi/Svaavref; avra> irdvroOev, oii^ 8ca-
fxevoL iv r(p (T')(r)pLart, Kal iirl iroXv Kaprepecv
Bvvairo. elra fjLrjSevb^; dv€)(ô/jLevov TrXrjalov Kara-
Kecadai avrov i/jue viroKaraKXivovai êpovre^, o)?
o/jLorpdireôi €L7j/jiev. rovvrevOev iSetTrvovfiev, w

IlvOayopa, ttoXvo'^ôv rt, Kal ttolkIXov helrrvov eiri
)(^pv(70u TToXXov Kal dpyvpov Kal €K7rd>/j,ara rjv
192
was so great that he pretended not to have heard
the sally. In a moment Eiicrates joined us after his
bath, and on seeinor Thesmopolis —
for that was the
philosopher's name —
he said " Professor, it was very
:
good of you to come to us, but you would not have

fared any the worse if you had stayed away, for
everything from first to last would have been sent
you." With that he started to go in, conducting
Thesmopolis, who was supported by the servants too.
I was getting ready to go away, but he turned my way
and hesitated a good while, and then, as he saw that
I was very downcast, said " You come in too,
:
Micyllus, and dine with us. I'll make my son eat
with his mother in the women's quarters so that you

may have room." I went in, therefore, after coming
within an ace of licking my lips for nothing, like
the wolf1 I was ashamed, however, because
; I
seemed to have driven Eucrates' bov out of the
dining-room.
When it wâs time to go to the table, first of all
they picked Thesmopolis up and put him in place,
not without some difficulty, though there were five
stout lads, I think, to do it and they stuffed
;
cushions all round about him so that he could

maintain his position and hold out for a long time.
Then, as nobody else could endure to lie near him,
they took me and put me in the place below him,
making us neighbours at table. Then, Pythagoras,
we began eating a dinner of many courses and great
variety, served on gold and silver plate in profusion,
^ The proverb seems to be founded on the fable of the
wolf and the old woman she threatened to throw a baby to
;
the wolf if it did not stop crying, and the wolf waited all
day for the baby, only to go home disappointed. (Aesop,
275 Halm.)
VOL. II. O
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
'X^pvaa Koi Sicikovol oopaloi koI fjuovaovpyol Kal
yeXcoTOTTOLol /nera^v, Kal 6\co<; ij^larr] rt? rjv rj
hiaTpi^rj, 7r\r]v aXX' ev fie iXvirei ov jxerpiw^, o

@€a/ji67ro\L<; evo')(\cov /cal dperijv Tiva irpo^ fie
Si6î(hv Kal BcSdaKcov co? al 8vo d'TTo^daei'^ fiiav
Kard(f)a(TLV diroTeXovai, Kal oj'^-^l rjfxepa iari, vv^
ovK eaTcr, eviore Se Kal Kepara ecpaaKev elvai fxot'

Kal TOiavra ttoWcl ovSev Seofievo) irpoacîXoaocîov
avvppei Kai vTrerefivero ttjv eix^poavvrjv, ovk
ecov aKoveii^ tcop KidapiôvTfov rj aBovrcov. rovro
fxev (JOL, M okeKrpvcov, to Belrrvov.
AAEKTPrnN
Ou^ rjhicrTov, 0) ÎlkuWe, Kal fidXicrra iirel
avveK\7)pai9ri^ to) Xrjpw eKeivw yepovn.
MIKYAA02
12 "Akov€ Se ijSr] Kal to Ivvitvlov' (pfit'^v yap rov
EiVKpdT7]i'avTov airacSa ovra ovk ol8 ottco'^ dirc-
6v7]aK€iv, elra TrpoaKaXiaavrd fie Kal hiaOrjKa^;
Oepuevov ev al<; o K\y]povG/jLO'^ yv dirdiTcov eyco,
diroOavelv ifiavTov he irapeX-
fjiiKpov eina')(^6vTa
Oovra €9 Ttjv ovaiav to fiep ')(pvaL0V Kal to
dpyvptov eâvTXelv aKd(f)at<^ Tial fxeydXau^ devaov
Te Kal TToXv eiTLppeov, to, K ciXXa, ti]v eaOrfTa Kal
Tpa7reâ<; Kal eKTrcojaaTa Kal hiaKovov^, irdvTa ifia
CO? TO etA:o9 elvac. elTa e^rjXavvov iirl XevKov
êvyov<;, i^VTTTid^cop, 7repLffXe7rT0<; diradi TOt?
opcocTi Kal e7ricl:6ovo^. Kal irpoeOeov ttoXXoI kol
irapiirirevov^ Kal eîrovTO 7rXeiov<;. 6760 Be ttjv
eaOrjTa ti-jv eKeivov t'^wi^ Kal BaKTvXiov^ âpel^
^ ixa/nrtievov Mehler : 'iTpoL-!Tnevoy IviSS.
194
and there were goblets of gold and handsome
waiters and musicians and clowns withal. In short_,
we were delightfully entertained, except for one
thing that annoyed me beyond measure: Thesmopolis
kept bothering me and talking to me about virtue,
whatever that may be, and teaching me that two
negatives make an affirmative, and that if it is day
it is not night and sometimes he actually said that I
;
had horns. ^ By pliilosophizing with me incessantly

after that fashion when I had no mind for it, he
spoiled and diminished my pleasure, not allowing me
to hear the performers who were playing and sing-
ing. Well, there you have your dinner, cock.
COCK
It was not of the pleasantest, Micyllus, as your
lot was cast with that silly old man.
MICYLLUS
Now listen to my dream. I thought that Eucrates
himself had somehow become childless and lay dying,
and that, after sending for me and making a ^vill in
which I was heir to everything, he lingered a Avhile
and then died. On entering into possession of tlie
property, I dipped up the gold and the silver in
great bowlfuls, for there was an ever-flowing, copious
stream of it and all the rest, too the clothing
; —
and tables and cups and waiters ail was mine, of —
course. Then I drove out behind a pair of white
horses, holding my head high, the admiration and
the envy of all beholders many ran before me and
;
rode beside me, and still more followed after me, and
I with his clothing on and my fingers covered with
^ For this and other Stoic fallacies, see Liician I. p. 437 and
note 2.
195
o 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
oaov eKKaiSe/ca 6^7]/ui/j.evo<; tmv BaKTvXcov ifceXevov
eaTiaaiv rcva Xa/xirpav evrpeinadrjvat e? viro-
ho')(r]v TMV (piXcov ol Be, &)? ep oveipco €lfc6<;, i'^hrj
iraprjcrav Kal ro helirvov elaeKopîêro real 6 ttoto?

(TvvefcpoTetTO. ev rovTco ovra fie Kal cf)t\oT7]cr[a<i
irpoTTivovra ev ')(pvoral<^ (îaXai<^ e/cdcrrcp rcov
irapovrcdv, rjhr) rod 7r\aKovvro<; iafcoficôfievGV
ai'aôi]o-a^ a/caipco<i avveTdpaâ^ p,ev to
7]pA,v
avpîTocFiov, dverpe'â'^ Be Td<^ T/oaTreô.?, rov he

ttXovtov eKelvov vTryvefitov (êpea-Qai nrape-
(jicevaGa^, apd aot aXoyco^ ayava/crijaai fcara
(Tov SoKO); ft)? TpLecTTrepov av rj8eco<; eTrelBov top
oveipov fioi yevofievop.
AAEKTPTHN
13 Ovro) cf)LX6xp^<ô<; el Kal îXoirXovro^;, w Mt-
KvXXe^ Kal jxovov tovto e^ dTravrc^ 0avpidêi<; Kal
yyfj evBaLfxov eivai, ttoXv KeKTrjcrOai '^(pvcriov;
MIKTAA02
OvK ejo) /.l6vo<;, o) TLvdayopa, tovto, dXXa Kal
av auTo?, oTTOTe ^v(ôpô<; rjada, ')(^pvcrov Kal dp-
jvpov e^r]p.pevo^ tmv l3oaTpv)(û>v fjei^ iroXefJurjawv
T0Z9 ^ K')(aiols } Kal ev T6) TroXepiw, evOa aiBrjpocpopeLV
dpeivov rjv, o'v Be Kal tot€ r)îov<; ^/Ofcrft) dvaBeBe-
fjievo^ Tou? irXoKupôv^; BiaKLvBvvevaeLV. KaL p.01
BoKel 6 "Ofirjpof; Bed tovto âpiTeaaiv 6pL0ia<;
elirelv crov rav Kopbaq, otl
" ')/pvaa) re Kal dpyvpo)
e(j<^rjKoovToy p,aKpa) yap djj.eivov<; BrjXaBr) Kal
ipaapicoTepat eâivovTO avvavaTreirXeypevac tw
ypvaicp Kal crvvaTToXdpTrovaai fxeT avTOv. KaiTOi
ra puev crd, co ')(^pvaoK6p.i], peTpia, el TIdvOov vi6<;
cbv €Tipa<; TO ')(pvo-lov' 6 Be irdvTcov Oecov TraTJjp
196
heavy them, was giving orders
rings^ fully sixteen of
for a splendid feast to be prepared for the entertain-
ment of my friends. In a moment they were there,
as is natural in a dream, and the dinner was being
served, and the drinking-bout was under way. While
I was thus engaged and Avas drinking healths with
each person there out of golden cups, just as the

dessert was being brought in you lifted up your
voice unseasonably, and distuibed our party, upset
the tables and caused that wealth of mine to be
scattered to the winds. Now do you think I Avas
unreasonable in getting angry at you, when I should
have been glad to see the dream last for three
nights ?
COCK
x'\re you such a lover of gold and of riches,
Micyllus, and is owning quantities of gold the only
thing in the world that you admire and consider
blissful .''
MICYLLUS
I am not the only one to do so, Pythagoras you :
yourself, when you were Euphorbus, sallied forth to

fight the Achaeans with your curls tricked out in
gold and silver, and even in war, where it would
have been better to wear iron, you thought fit to
face danger with your hair caught up with gold.^
No doubt Homer said that your hair Avas " like the
Graces " because " it was snooded with gold and with
silver " for it looked far finer and lovelier, of course,
;
when it was interwoven with gold and shone in

unison w^th it. And yet as far as you are concerned,
Goldenhair, it is of little moment that you, the son
of a Panthous, honoured gold, but what of the father
1 Iliad 17, 52.
197
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KoX avZpwv, 6 Kpovov Aral' Pea?, OTTore r^pdcO'yi jrj^
ÂpyoXiKf]'; eKeivrj^ fxeipaKo^yovk exôv ek 6 ri

avrov fxeraâXoL ovSe otto)^ av^
ipacr/jiicoTepov
Stacfydeipeie rov 'AKpiaiov rrjv (ppovpdv dKov€i<;—
Btjitov ft)? ;)^/ovcrtoz^ eyevero koI pveU Bid tou Teyov<;
avvr]v TTj dyaTTcofievrj. coare n civ ctol to eirt
TOVT(p ere XiyotfjLL, 6aa<; fxev %/9eta9 irapex^TaL o

XpycTo^, ft)? he oh civ irapfj, koXov^ t€ avTOV<;
Kal
Kal lax^pov^ dTrepydêrat rifirjv koX Boâv
(70(j)ov(;
TTpoadiTTcov, fcal ef dcpavcov fcal dSo^cov ivtore

14 7rept/3Xe7rT0U9 Kal doihifJLOV^ iv ^pax^t TJ6i]crc; rov
yeuTova yovv jjloi tov oyuoTexyov olada rov Xificova,
ov Trpo iroXXov SeiTrvrjaavTa Trap' i/xoi, ore ro
6TV0^ r|^jrovv ToU KpovLOL<; Svo TOfiovf; TOV a\-
\dvTO<; ifiâXcov.
AAEKTPrnN
OlSa- TOV ai/jLov, tov /Spaxvv, 09 to KCpafieovv
Tpu/3\iov vcfieXofjievo^ ^'%^'ô ^^ro fidXi]^ exôv fierd
TO Selirvov, o fiovov rjH'iV vTrrjpx^v eI8oi^ yap
avTo^, 0) MiKvWe.
MIKTAA02
OvKovv eKelvo^ avTO K\eâ<; elra d'rroyfioaaTo'^
6€0v<; ToaovTOV^; dWd tl ovk i/36a<; Kal ifirjvve^
Tore, 0) d\€KTpvcov, \r)llôfievov<; rjfMa^ opcov;
AAEKTPrnN
'EkOKKVÔV, /JLOVOV fJiOl TOTS SvvaTOV TjV. TL S'
ovv 6 î/JLCov; ecoKei^ ydp tl irepl avTOV epelv.
MIKTAA02
''Kve^LO^ rjv avTM 7rXovcrLo<; e? vTrepPoXrjV,
ApLfJLv\o<; Tovvo/xa, ovto^ ^cov fxev ovhe oôXov
A
'6vco5 tt.v &\\cosl a-rroonSffaTO dc Jong
"- knwfxSffaro MSS.
:
19^
i
—

of gods and of men, the son of Cronus and Rhea ?
When he was in love with that sHp of a girl in Argos,
not having anything more attractive to change
himself into nor any other means of corrupting the
sentries of Acrisius, he turned into gold, as you, of
course, have heard, and came down through the roof
to visit his beloved. Then what is the use of my
telling you the rest of it —
how many uses gold has,
and how, when peoj)le have it, it renders them
handsome an 1 wise and strong, lending them honour
and esteem, and not infrequently it makes incon-
spicuous and contemptible people admired and re-
nowned in a short time ? For instance, you know
my neighbour, of the same trade, Simon, who dined
with me not long ago when I boiled the soup for
Cronus-day and put in two slices of sausage ?
COCK
Yes, I know him the
; snub-nosed, short fellow
wlio filched the earthen bowl and went away with it
under his arm after dinner, the only bowl we had
I myself saw him, Micyllus.
MICYLLUS
So was he that stole it and then swore by so
it
many gods that he did not ? But why didn't you
cry out and tell on him then, cock, when you saw us
being plundered ?
COCK
I crowed, and that was all that I could do at the
time. But what about Simon ? You seemed to be
going to say something about him.
MICYLLUS
He had a cousin whp was enormously rich, named
Drimylus. This fellow while he was alive never gave
199
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eScoKC TO) ^l/jLcoi'L —
jdp, o<? ovSe avTo<; rjirrero
TTco?
TMV ')(^pr]/jLdTCi}v; direOave Trpcprjv, dwavra
iirel Se
eKetva Kara tov<; v6/iiov<; Xifjio)v6<; ecm, Kai vvv
eKelvo^ 6 TO, paKia rd Tnvapd, 6 to rpv^Xiov
TTeptXeiycdv, d(TfjL€vo<; iêXavvec dXovpyrj kol vayt-
vol3a(f)7] d/jLTreô/mevo^, olfcira^; Koi êvyrj koI
'^(^pvcrd €K7rd)/jLaTa koI iXecâvroiroha'^ rpa7reâ<;
e')((i)v, v<^^ dirdvTcov irpoaKwovfievo'^y ovSe irpoa-

j3\eiTcov ert r}/jLd<;- eVa7;^09 jovv iyo) puev IScov
iTpoaLovray Aaipe, e(pr)v, a) ZifKov, o de
dyava/crr]aa<;, *'
Et'7raT6," " tm Trrco^^fx) tovtco
€(f>7],
p.r} Karaa pLLKpvveiv /xov rovvo/jLa' ov yap 'Euficop,
dWd Xi/jicoviSrj^; ovopdô/Jiat.^^ to Se pêycaTOV,

i]Br] Kol ipMdiv avTOV at yvvalKe's, o he OpviTTeTat
irpo<; avTa^ /cat virepopa Kal ra? pev irpoaieTai
fcal rXew? ecTTLP, al he direCkovaLV dvapTijcreiL'
aura? dpbeXovpievai. 6pa<; oacov dyaOcov o ')(pvab<;
a'tTiOs, el ye kol pueTairoLel tov<; dp,op(ôTepov<i
Kal epacrp,iov<; direpydêTai coairep o TrocrjTCKo^
eKeLvo<; KeaTO^. dK0V£L<; he /cat twv 7roL^]Tcop
XeyovTwv
CO ^/jfcre, he^Loypua KaXXiaTOV
KoX
')(pv(TO<; ydp eaTiv 09 ^pOTcov ex^t fcpdTi],
dXXd TL pLCTaîj eyeXacra<^, o) dXeKTpvwv;

AAEKTPYriN
15 'Ori VTT dyvoia^, o) ^liKvXXe, /cal av ra opLOta
Tol^ 7roXXoi<; e^rjirdTrjcraL irepl tmv TrXovcncov ol
3' ev ia6c TToXv v/jicjv dOXtd)Tepov top /Blov ^Lovac
200
a —
penny to Simon why should he, when he himself
did not touch his money ? But since his death the
other day all his property is Simon's by law, and now
he, the man with the dirty rags, the man that used
to lick the pot, takes the air pleasantly, dressed in
fine woollens and royal purple, the owner of servants
and carriages and golden cups and ivory-legged
tables, receiving homage from everybody and no
longer even giving a glance at me. Recently, for
example, I saw him coming toward me and said,
"Good-day, Simon"; but he replied: "Tell that
pauper not to abbreviate my name it is not Simon ;
but Simonides." ^ What is more, the women are

actually in love with him now, and he flirts with
them and slights them, and when he receives some
and is gracious to them the
others threaten to hang
themselves on account of his neglect. You see,
don't you, what blessings gold is able to bestow,
when it transforms ugly people and renders them
lovely, like the girdle in poetry ^ And you have .^
heard the poets say " O gold, thou choicest

:
treasure," ^ and
"'Tis gold that over mortal men doth rule."^
But why did you interrupt me by laughing, cock ?
COCK
Because in your ignorance, Micyllus, you have
gone just as far astray as most people in regard to
the rich. Take my word for it, they live a much
^ He adopts a name better suited to his new position in
society ; of. Timon 22.
2 The
girdle of Aphrodite Iliad U, 214 ff. :
Euripides, from the lost Danae

^ Nauck, Trag. Graec. :
Frag. 324. Source unknown Nauck, ibid., adesp. 294.

"*
;
20I
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Xeyw he. croi koI TTevi)^ koI TrXovcrto? 7ro\XdKt<^
yevofievo'i koI airavrof; /Slov ireireLpafievo^' fiera
/jLt/cpbv Be KoX avTOf; etcrr) eKaara.
MIKTAA02
N^ Ata, Katpo<; yovv tj^tj koI ere elirelv 07rtw9
rjWdyri<^ Kol a avvotaOa tm ftiw eKaarcp.
AAEKTPYnN
Akovc ToaovTOv ye 7rpo€LBci)<;, fxtjSeva /xe aou
evSat/jbovearepop ^tovvra ecopa/cevac.
MIKTAA02
oXeKTpvcov; ovro) aol yevotro- irpodyj)
*K/jiov, c5
yap XocSopetaOat croi.
pie dWd
elire diro JLv(f)6p-
jSov dp^dpêvo^ otto)? e? UvOayopav pêre^XijOr)';,
elra e^r]<^ ^XP^ '^^^ d\€/CTpv6vo<;' et/co? ydp ere
TTOLKLka fcal ISelv Kal nraOelv ev TroXveiSecn tol<;
I3lol<;,
AAEKTPYnN
16 'fl? p,€V ef ÂttoWcovo^; to Trpcorov rj ylrv')(^] pboi
KaraTTTapLevn e? Tr)V yrjv eveSv e? dvOpdnrov awpa
TjVTiva Trjv KaTahLKTjV e/creXovaa, piaKpov dv elrj
Xeyeiv, dXXco^; re ovSe oatov ovre epuol elirelv ovre
aol aKoveiv rd rotavra. iirel Be ^v(ôpô<;
eyev6pb7)v ...
MIKTAA02
'£70) he 7Tp6 ye rovrov, o) Oavp^dcrie, Tt9 rjv;
TOVTO pbOL irporepov enre, el Kdyoo it ore rfXXdyi'jv
oidTTep av.
AAEKTPrnN
Kai fidXa,
202
more wretched life than we. you have I who talk to
been both poor and rich repeatedly, and have tested
every kind of life after a little you shall hear about
:
it all.
MICYLLUS
Yes, by Heaven, it is high time now for you to
talk and tell me how you got transformed and what
you know of each existence.
COCK
Listenbut first let me tell you thus much, that 1
;
have never seen anyone leading a happier life than

you.
MICYLLUS
Than I, cock? I wish you no better luck your-
self !You force me to curse you, you know. But
begin with Euphorbus and tell me how you were
transformed to Pythagoras, and then the rest of it
till you get to the cock for it is likely that you have
:
seen many sights and had many adventures in your

multifarious existences.
COCK
How my soul originally left Apollo, flew down to
earth and entered into a human body and what sin
it was condemned to expiate in that way would
make a long story besides, it is impious either for
;
me to tell or for you to hear such things. But when

I became Euphorbus . . .
MICYLLUS
But I, —who was I formerly, wondrous creature }
First tell me whether I too was ever transformed
like you.
COCK
Yes, certainly.
203
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
MIKTAAQ2
Tt? ovv TjVy el TL e%ei9 elirelv; ideXco yap touto
elhevai.
AAEKTPTHN
%v; /jLvpj^V^ ÎvSlko^ tcov to '^puatov avopVT-
TOVTCOV.
MIKYAA02
Etra coKVovv o /ca/coSac/uLcov /cav oXiya tmv
yjrrjyfxaTcov i^Keiv 69 rovê tov /3iov e^ eKeivov
iTTiaLTicrdjJievo^;; dWa koI tl /jLera rovro ecro/xat,
eliri' elKO<; yap elSepat ae. el yap ri dyaOov
etrjf dirdyô/Jbat i]Sr} dva(TTa<; diro tov iraTraXov
i(f)'' ov (TV eaT^]Ka<;,
AAEKTPrnN
17 Ov/c dv /jidOoi^ TOVTO ovhefJLia /.Lrj-xapfj. TrXrju
dWd eTreiirep ^v(ôpj3o^ eyevSixrjv eTrdveifiL yap —
eiT efcelva —
e/jia)(^6firjv iv Wi(p fcal airoOavcov viro
yieveXdov XP^^V varepov e? HvOayopav rjKov.
reft)? Be Trepte/jievov doiKO<^ ecrTO)?, (^XP'' ^^ °

Mvrjaapxo'i eêpydo-rjrau fioi tov oikov.
MIKTAA02
"Ao-CTO<; a)V, m rdv, Kal avroro?;
AAEKTPTflN
Kal jJidXa' ovSe yap eSei tovtcov rj /nova) tm
aco/xarc.
MIKYAA02
OvKovv ra iv ^Wlm TTporepov elire.
/noi roiavTa
Tjv old (pr](Ttv "Ojjbrjpo^ yevecrdai avra;
AAEKTPrnN
YioOev eKeiV0<; ^TrtcrTaro, w M-iKuWe, 09 yivo-
fievcov e/celvcov Ka/xi^Xo^ iv ^d/crpoi^; tjv; iyco Se
204
MICYLLUS
Then what was I ? Tell me if you can, for I want
to know.
COCK
You were an Indian ant, one of the gold-digging
kind.i
MICYLLUS
Confound the luck to think that I did not dare
!
to lay in even a small supply of gold-dust before

coming from that life to this But what shall I be!
next, tell me ? You probably know. If it is any-

thing good, I'll climb up this minute and hang
myself from the peg that you are standing on.
COCK
You can't by any possibility find that out. But
—
when I became Euphorbus for I am going back to
that subject —
fought at Troy and was killed by
I
Menelaus, and some time afterwards I entered into
Pythagoras. In the meanwhile I stood about and
waited without a house till Mnesarchus should build
me one.
MICYLLUS
Without food and drink, my friend ?
COCK
Yes, certainly for they turned out to be unneces-
;
sary, except for the body.

MICYLLUS
Well, then, tell me the story of Troy first. Was it
all as Homer says ?
COCK
Why, where did he get his information, Micyllus ?
When all that was going on, he was a camel in
1 Herod. 3, 102.
205
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ToaovTov aoi ^r^jjn, vireocfyve^; /MrjSev <yeveadat
Tore, rov Aiavra ovrco fxeyav firjTe rrjv
jjLTjre
^KXevTjv avrrjv ovrco koXtjv d)<; otovraL. elSov yap

XevKTjv [xev riva koI eTrt/jiijfcr] rov Tpd')(7fh,ov, 6i)<^
elfcdêiv kvkvov Ovyaripa elvai, raXka he irdvv
TTpea^VTiv^ r)\iKLO)Tiv cr')(ê8bv r/)? 'E/â/5?;?, ijv
ye 07;cr6L'9 TrpSiTov dp7rdcra<; ev A(f)iSvaL<; elê
Kara rov ^Hpa/^Xia yevofxevo^, 6 he ^Wpaic\rj<;
TTporepov elXe Tpoiav Kara T01/9 irarepafs '^/jlcov
Tot'9 Tore fidXiara. hir)yelTO ydp fiot 6 Tldv0ou<;
ravra, /cofiiSr} pêipdKLov cov ecopaKevac Xeycov rov
'UpaKXea.
MIKTAA02
Tt Be; 6 'A^^îXXet'? roLovTO<; tjv, dpi(JTO<; ra
irdvra, rj /xOô? aXXw? kol ravra;
AAEKTPrnN
ÊtKelvtp ovhe avvr)ve')(6r}Vy w Mt/VfWe, ouS'
fJLev
av eôi/.iL aoL ovt(o<; dKpi/3a)<i rd irapd tol<;

*A')(âi0L^ Xeyeiv iroOev ydp, iroXeiiLo^ mv; tov
fjuePTOi eratpov avrou rov Uarpo/cXov ov )(aXe7rco<;
direKrewa hieXdaa^ rw Bopano).
MIKYAA02
Elra (T6 6 MeveXaof; /xa/cpa) ev')(epeaTepov,
dXXd ravra jxev ItcavMî, rd HvOayopov Be i]Br}
Xeye.
AAEKTPTfiN
18 To pêvoXov, co ^liicvXXe, ao(f)taT7]<; dvOpwiro^
r)V''X^pT] ydp, olpai, rdXrjdf] Xeyecv dXXQ)<; Be
ovK diraiBevTO^ ouBe dfieXeT7]T0<; tmv KaXXiajtov
206
:

Bactria. I'll you thus much, though nothing
tell :
Vv'as out of the common then, and Ajax was not as
tall and Helen herself not as fair as people think.

As I saw her, she had a white complexion and a long
neck, to be sure, so that you might know she was
the daughter of a swan but as for the rest of it, she
;
was decidedly old, about the same age as Hecuba

for Theseus eloped with her in the first place and
kept her at Aphidnae, and Theseus lived in the time
of Heracles, who took Troy the first time it was
taken, in the time of our fathers, —
our then fathers,
I mean. Panthous told me all this, and said that
when he was quite small he had seen Heracles.
MICYLLUS
But how about Achilles? Was he as Homer
describes him, supreme in everything, or is this only
a fable too ?
COCK
I did not come into contact with him at all,
Micyllus,and I can't tell you as accurately about
the Greek side. How could I, being one of the
enemy ? His comrade Patroclus, however, I killed
without difficulty, running him through with my
spear.^
MICYLLUS
And then Menelaus killed you with much greater
ease ! But enough of this, and now tell me the
story of Pythagoras.
COCK
In brief, Micyllus, I was a sophist, for I must tell
the truth, I suppose. However, I was not unedu-
cated or unacquainted with the noblest sciences. I
^ The cock is drawing the long-bow ; Euphorbus only

wounded Patroclus, Iliad 16, 806 If.
207
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
/jLaOrjadrcov airehrjiiiqaa Se koL eU Aiyvrrrov,
0)9 (TvyyevoL/jLijp tol^; 7rpo(p)]raL<; eiri aocpia, kul
€? ra aSvra KareXOwv iîfiaOov ra? 0il3\ov<; ra?
"npov fcal "1(tlSo<;, kuI av6L<=; el<; 'iToXiav i/cirXev-
aaî ovTco hieOrjKa rov^ /car iKslva "l^Xkrjva^,
axTTe Oeov rjyov fie.
MIKTAi\02
"HKovcra ravTa koI o)? hoêiaf; avaê^Lco/ceuai
uTToOavcbv KOL ft)? ')(^pvaovv Tov fxrjpov einheLâLo
iTore avTOL^. eKelvo he fjioi elire, tl aoi eTTrfKOe
vofJbov iroLrjaadOai fjajre /cpecov n/jre kvu/jlcov
iaOieiv;
AAEKTPYHN
M^ avcLKpive ravra, o) MtVfX/Ve.
MIKTAA05
Aca TL, ft) aXeKTpvcov;
AAEKTPTflN
'Ôri ala-yyvoiiai Xeyeiv irpo^ ae rrjv aXrjOeiav
TTcpl aVTMV.
MIKYAA02
Kal fJLr)v ovBh oKvelv XPV Xeyeî^ 7r/909 avSpa
(TvvoLKov KOI (piXov heaiTOTrjv yap ovk av en
eLTTOL/jLi.
AAEKTPTHN
OvSev ovSe crocpov rjv, aX\! ecopcov on
vyie<;
el fiev Tct avvYjOr] koI ravra rol<; ttoXXo?? vofii-
ÔLfit, rjfciara emcrirdaofiaL rov<; dvOpcoirov^ 6?

rb 6av/jLa, oacp B' av êviôifjn, roaovrco aejxvo-
repoî ^ cpfju^v avrot^ eaeaOai. Sod rovro Kaivo-
iTOielv elX6/jL7]v diropprjrov rroniadfievo^; r7)v
alriavy (h<} eUdôvre^ d\\o<i dX\(o<i diravre^

^ (rciJ.v6T€pos Seager : Kaivonôs MSS.
208
even went to Egypt to study with the prophets,
penetrated into their sanctuaries and learned the
books of Horus and Isis by heart, and then I sailed
away to Italy and worked upon the Greeks in that
quarter of the world to such an extent that they
thought me a god.
MICYLLUS
So I have heard, and 1 have also heard that you
were thought to have come to life again after dying,
and that you once showed them that your thigh was of
gold. But, look here, tell me how it occurred to you
to make a law against eating either meat or beans ?
COCK
Do not press that question, Micyllus.
MICYLLUS
Why, cock .''
COCK
Because I am ashamed to tell you the truth of it.
MICYLLUS
But you oughtn't to hesitate to tell a housemate
—
and a friend for I cannot call myself your master
any longer. •
COCK
It was nothing sensible or wise, but I perceived
that if I made laws that were ordinary and just
like those of the run of legislators I should not
induce men to wonder at me, whereas the more I de-
parted from precedent, the more of a figure I should
cut, I thought, in their eyes. Therefore I preferred
to introduce innovations, keeping the reason for
them secret so that one man might suess one thing
209
VOL. ri. p
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eiCTr\rjTTcovTai KaOdirep iirl tol<; daa(f>eaL tmv
'X^prjo-ficov. opa^; /carayeXa^; fiov fcai cv ev tm
jxepei.
MIKTAA02
Ov Tocrourov ocrov Kporcoviarcov Kai Mera-
TTOVTivayv koI Tapavrlvcov fcat tmv dWwv a(j>oiV(cv
(TOL eTTOjXeVWV KoX TTpOCTKVVOVVTCOV TO, l^F'^ CI (TV
19 iraTMV dTro\L/Jb7rdvoL<;. diroSua-dfievo^ Be tov Tlv-

Oayopav Tiva /jLeTrj/jL(j)i€a(o piST avrov;
AAEKTPTnN
^ Kairaaiav tijv etc McXr/TOV eTaipav*
MIKYAA02
êv TOV \6yov, koI yvvrj yap arvv to?9 dXkot<;
IlvOay6pa<; iyevero, kol rjv irore xpo^^^^ ^'^^

6
fcal av (pOTOKEi^, o) dXefcrpvovcov yevvaLorare, koI
avurjaOa HepLKXel "'Aairaaia ovaa koX iKvet^;
dir avTOV Kal epia eâive<; koI KpoK7)v fcarrjyef;
KoX iyvvatfCiôv e? to eratpiKov;
AAEKTPTnN
YidvTa Tavra dWd Kal Tei~
enroiovv ov pôvo^y
peala^ irpo e/xoO Kal o 'EXaroLf irah o KaLvev<;,
ware oiroaa dv diroaKCdy^rr}^ eU fc>e, Kal ek eK6Lvov<i
dTTO(TK(a'yâ<^ eaij.
MIKTAA02
Tt ovv; iTOTepo^ rjSlcov 6 /3io^ croi rjv, ore dvrjp
rjaOa rj ore ae 6 l[€piK\rj<; coirvLev;
2IO
and one another, and all be perplexed, asthey are in
the case of oracles that are obscure. Look here, you
are laughing at 7ne, now.
MICYLLUS
Not so much at you as at the people of Croton
and Metapontum and Tarentum and all the rest who
folloAved you dumbly and worshipped the footprints
that you left in walking. But after you put off the
part of Pythagoras what other did you assume ?
COCK
Aspasia, the courtesan from Miletus.
MICYLLUS
Whew, what a yarn So Pythagoras became a
!
woman on top of everything else, and there was

once a time when you laid eggs, most distinguished
of cocks when you lived with Pericles in the
;
capacity of Aspasia and had children by him and

carded wool and spun yarn and made the most of
your sex in courtesan style ?
COCK
Yes, I did all and I am not the only one
that, :
both Tiresias and Caeneus the son of Elatus preceded

me, so that all your jokes at my expense will be at
their expense too.^
MICYLLUS
How about it ? Which life did you find the
pleasanter, when you were a man or when Pericles
dallied with you ?
^ Tiresias struck a pair of mating serpents with his staff,
and turned into a woman seven years later he once more

;
saw them and struck them, becoming a man again (Ovid,

Metam. 3, 316 ff.). Poseidon turned Caenis into a man at her
own request after he had wronged her [Metam. 1'2, 189 ff.).
211
F 2
;
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

AAEKTPTHN
'O/oa? ohv TovTO rjpcorrja-a^;, ovBe t« "leipeala
avveveyKOvaav rrjv airoKpLaiv;
MIKTAA02
*AXXa Kav av fxr] 6l7ry<;, iKavo)^ 6 ^^vpi^rihy)^^
hiUpLve TO TOLOVTOV, eliTOiV ft)9 Tph av eOeXoL irap

aairiha <JT?)vai rj liira^ reKelv.
AAEKTPrnN
Kal pir)v avapivr^GW ae, w MUuWe, ovk ^^9^ /â-
Kpav oiSiVovo-av ear) yap <yvvr) koI av ev iroWfj rfj
irepLoSqy iroKkaKi'^,
MIKTAA02
OvK anrdy^r], w aXeKTpvocv, airavTa^ ol6p.evo^^
MiXijalov^ 7] Zap.iov<; elvai; ae yovv (paaL koX

UvOayopav ovra t?> copav^ \afnrpov TToXXaA:^?
20 'Kairaaiav yevkaQai tw Tvpdvv(p.—TL<; Se Srj fxerd
TTiv 'AaTTaalav civr^p rj yvvr] avOi^; avecjydvrjî
AAEKTPrnN
'O KVVLKO^ KpClTT]^.
MIKTAAOS
'11 ALoaKopco Tfj<; dvofiotoT^jTO^, 6^ haipa^
(biXoaocbo^;.
AAEKTPXnN
EZra jBaaiXev^, elra oXlyov aa-
irevr]^,^ /cat /xer
TpdiTT]^, eha Xittto^ kov koXolo^ fcal /3aTpa%09 fcal
aXXa fMvpia' p,aKpov av yevoiro KaTapiOpîjaaaOai

eKaara- rd reXevrala Se dXeKrpvayv TroXXaKt^;,
TjaOrjv yap tm tolovto) î(p. Kal irapd iroXXol^
212
COCK
Just see what a question you have asked there !
Even Tiresias paid dearly for answering it ^ !
MICVLLUS
Whether you tell me
or not, Euripides has settled
the business well enough, for he says that he would
sooner stand in line of battle thrice over than bear a
single child."
COCK
I'llremind you of that before long, Micyllus, when
you are in child-bed for you too will be a woman
;
again and again in your long cycle of existences.

MICYLLUS
Hang
you, cock, do you think everybody hails from
Miletus or Samos They say that while you were
.'*
Pythagoras and young and handsome you often

played Aspasia to the tyrant. But what man or
woman did you become after Aspasia ?
COCK
The Cynic Crates.
MICYLLUS
Twin brethren ! what ups and downs ! First a
courtesan, then a philosopher !
COCK
Then a king, then a poor man, and soon a satrap ;
then a horse, a jackdaw, a frog, and a thousand things
besides it would take too long to enumerate them
;
all. But of late I have often been a cock, for I liked

that sort of life and after belonging to many men,
;
^ Zeus had said that Hera's sex enjoyed more pleasure

than his own. Hera denied it Tiresias was called in as
;
umpire and held with Zeus, whereupon Hera struck him

blind [Metam. 1. c). ^ Medea 251.
213
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
a\Xoi<; Bov\€vcra<; Kal Trevrfai ^ fcal ifKovaioi^, ra
TeXevraia /cat crol vvu auveL/Jbi, /carayeXcov ocrr)/ii6pai
TTOTvico/iepov fcal ol/jLcoôvto<; errl rfj Trevia koI tou?
7TXov(jiov<; Oav/jLciôvTo<; vii ayvoia^ rcov €K6lvoc<;
irpoaovTCDV KaKcov. el yovv ^hei^ ra<^ (f)povTLSa<i
a? exovatv, iyeXa^ av iirl aavTM Trpcorov olrjOevji
vTrepevSalfjiOva etvat top ttXovtov.
MIKTAA02
Ov/covv, CO UvOayopa — KaiTOL ri /xaXtcrra X^^'
pei<; fCaXovfjLevo<;, co? firj iTrcTapaTTOLfjuc top Xoyov
dXXoTe dXXov kcCXmv;
AAEKTPYriN
re FiV(j)opl3ov rj ^ TlvOa-
Aioiaet, /lev ovSev r]v
yopav, r)v re ^Kcnraaiav KaXf]<; rj Kpdrrjra' irdvra
yap iyo) raurd elfit. irX-qv to vvv opoifjievov touto
dXe/crpuova ovojxd^cov dfietvov av Trotot?, &)<? fiij
drt/jLaôi^ et'TeXe? elvat So/covv to opveov, Kai
ravra Too-avTa<; ev avru) ^/ruâ? €%oi/.
MIKYAA02
21 OvKQvv, o) dXeKTpvcov, eireihri aTrdvTcov crêSoi'
i]8r) Tcbv /Sleov iireipdOij'^ Kal irdvra olada, Xeyoi^;
av 7]8rj cra(^co9 ISla [lev rd rcov irXovaiwv oirwî
îovcTLV, ISla Se ra Trroj^t/ca, co9 fid6co el dXrjOr)
ravra (prj<; evhaijiovearepov aTTOcjiaLVcov fie rdv
irXovalcov.
AAEKTPrnN
ÎBoi) 8r) ovTco^ eTTiCTfce'âr, c5 Mt/cuWe* crol jiiev
cure X070?, rjv Xeyrjrai co<; 01 iroXe-
TToXefjLOV ttoXu?
fiLOi irpoaeXavvovaLV, ovSe (ppovrlêf; fir) rov
dypov re/jLcoacv eiJbâXovre<; 7) rov TrapdSeiaov
^ Kol TTfVTjai Fritzsclie : âaiXevci kcu TreVTjtrt MISS.
2 fi Mehler : iji^ re MSS.
214
both rich and poor, at length I am now living with
you, laughing at you every day for bewailing and
lamenting over your poverty and for admiring the
rich through ignorance of the troubles that are
theirs. Indeed, if you knew the cares they have,
you would laugh at yourself for thinking at first
that wealth was a source of extraordinary happiness.
MICYLLUS
—
Well then, P}i;hagoras but tell me what you
like best tobe called, so that I may not muddle up
our conversation by calling you different names.
COCK
It will make no difference whether you call me
Euphorbus or Pythagoras, Aspasia or Crates I am ;
all of them. But you had better call me what you

now see me to be, a cock, so as not to slight a bird
that, although held in low esteem, has in itself so
many souls.
MICYLLUS
Well then, cock, as you have tried almost every
existence and know everything, please tell me
clearly about the life of the rich and the life of the
poor, each by itself, so that I may learn if you are
telling the truth when you declare that I am happier
than the rich.
COCK
Well now, look at it this way, Micyllus. As for you,
you are little concerned about war if you hear that
the enemy is approaching, and you do not worry for
fear they may lay your farm waste in a raid or
215
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
crv/Ji7rari]aa)(TLV rj ra? a//.7reX,ou9 Btjcoo-ccxtiv, aWa
T>}9 ad\7nyyo<; d/covcov ôvov, etirep apa, irepi-
PXeiretî to Kara aeavTov, 61 TpairofJievov ')(pr]
awOrjvat /cat rov rcivhwov Sta(pvy€lv ol 8' evXa-

jôvvrai fjuev kol d/ji(f>^ auToZ?, dvLcoprac Se opoiVTe^
diTO TMV reix^MV dyojxeva koI cêpofxeva oaa el')(ôv
iv Tol^ dypoL^. /cat ijv re €l(7(f)€p6Li^ Bej], fiovoi

/ca\ovPTai,7]V re iireîevai, tt poKLvhvvevova l arpa-
T7]yovvT€<; Tj t7T7Tap')(ovvT€<;' (TV Se olcrvtvrjv dcnnSa
eôyv, evaraXr)^ kol KOV(ho^ et? (Tairrjpiav, eTOLp,o<;
iartdaOat rd iiTcviKfa, eTreiSav Ovrj 6 <jt paT7)yo<;
V€VLKl]KO)^.
22 'Ez^ elprjVT] re av av fxev rov h/]fiov wv dva^df;
649 ifCKXTjaiav Tvpavvel<; tojv irXovaiwv, ol he
(j)piTTOvaL Kal viroiTT'qaaovcn teal hiavopal^ iXd-
aKovrai ere. Xovrpd fjuev yap a)9 e')(pi<; Kcd 6ed-
pâra Kal rdXXa SiapKij dnravTa, iiceivoL ttovovcti,
(TV Se 6êraaTr}<i fcal So/cipaaTr)(; m/cpo<^ coairep
hecnrorrj^y ovBe Xoyov p^€raSL8ov<; ivlore, fcdv aot
SoKrj KaT€)(â\d^r]aa^ avTOiv dÔovov^ tol'9 XlOov<;
rj Ta9 ou(7ta9 avrcov 6hr)p,evaa^' oi'ne he avKO-
(f)dvT7jv 8e8ia<; avTO<; ovre Xrjarrjv p^y vcfyeXrjraL
TO ')(^pv(TLOv V7repj3d<^ to OpiyKiOV rj 8i.opvâ<; tov
Tol')(pVi ovT€ TTpdypaTa e)(ei<; Xoytô,aevo<; i) dirai-
Tcov rj T0i9 KaTapdTOi<; olKovopoi^ Sia'TTU/CTevcop
Kal irpo^ ToaavTa'^ (^povTiha^ p,ept^6p.evo^,
dWd KprfTTiha avvTeXeaa^ eirTa oôXov^ tov
p^taOov e')((M)v, diravacTTd^ irepl heiXr)v o^îav Xov-
(jdp,€vo<;, rjv Sokt}, craTrepSrfv tlvcl tj paiViSa^;
2l6
trample down your garden or cut down your grape-
vines ; when you hear the trumpet, at most you
simply consider yourself and where you are to turn in
order to save yourself and escape the danger. The
rich, however, not only fear for themselves but are
distressed when they look from the walls and see all
that they own in the country harried and plundered.
Moreover if it is necessary to pay a special tax, they
alone are summoned to do so, and if it is necessary
to take the field, they risk their lives in the van as
commanders of horse or foot, whereas you, with but
a Avicker shield, have little to carry and nothing to
impede your flight, and are ready to celebrate the
victory when the general offers sacrifice after Avinning
the battle.
In time of peace, on the other hand, being one of
the voters, you go to the assembly and lord it over
the rich while they quake and cringe and seek your
good will with presents. Besides, it is they who
toil that you may have baths and shows and every-
thing else to your heart's content, while you in-
vestigate and scrutinize them harshly like a master,
sometimes without even letting them say a word for
themselves and if you choose you shower them
;
generously with stones or confiscate their properties.

And you do not dread an informer, nor yet a robber
who might steal your gold by climbing over the
coping or digging through the wall ; and you are
not bothered with casting up accounts or collecting
debts or squabbling with your confounded agents,
and thus dividing your attention among so many
worries. No, after you have finished a sandal and
received your pay of seven obols, you get up from
your bench toward evening, take a bath if you choose,
217
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
/} Kpo/jL/j,u(ov K€(f>a\iBa<; 6Xiya<; irpcdfievo^ €v(f)pai-
vet<; aeavTov aScov ra iroXka koI rfj jSeXTiarrj
IlevLq 7rpoa(j>iXoao(p(A)P.
23 Sea ravra v'yiaLV6i<; re kol eppcoaat to
''flare
aco/ia Kal hiaKaprepel^ irpoî to Kpvo^' ol irovoi
•yap (T€ 7rapa07]yovTe<; ouk €VKaTa(f)p6vr)TOV avTa-
>ya)VC(TTi]v aTTOipaiVOVcrL irpo^; tcl Sokovvtu tol'^
dWoi^; d/jLa)(a elvai. dfieXeL ovSev aot tcov %ctA,e-

TTCov TovTCOv voaJj/uLaToyv 7rp6a€L(Jiv, dX)C rjv Trore
Kovcfiof;TTi/pero? iTriXdjSTjTaL, 7rpo<; oXijov vttt]-
perrjaa^ avTW dveTrrjSrjaa^; €v6v<; aTroaeicrdfievo^;
Tr)v dariv, o he (pevyet avriKa <ôj3r)dei<^, yjrvxpov
ore ^ opcov i/u,<popovibLevov /cal pbaKpd olfjuwêiv
Xeyovra Tab's laTpLKal<^ 7repL6hoL<;' ol he vtt'
aKpaala^; dOXiOi tl tcov fcaKMV ovk e')(ovcn,
TTohdypa^ Kai ipdoa<; kol 7repLTT\evfxovia<=; /cal
vSepov<;; avrat yap tmv iroXvTeXMV eKeivcov
BeiTTvcov diToyovot.
Tocyapovv ol fxev avTO)v cocrrrep 6 "I/ca/909 eVl
TToXv dpavTe<i avTOv^; Kal TrXTjatdaavTe^; tm tjXlo)
OVK elhore^ otl KTjpw "rjpfioaTO avTol^ rj irrepcoaif;,
fieyav eviore tov rraTayov eTTOirjaav eVl KeipaXrjv
69 TreXayof; eixireaovTe^' oaoi he Kara tov Aau-
SaXov fir) Trdvv /jueTecopa fMrjBe vyjnjXd e(j)p6vr}(jav
dXXd TTpoa-yeia, 009 voTLêcrOac evloTe ttj dX/xrf
tov KTjpov, 009 TO TToXv ovTOt da(f)aXco<i hieiTTrjaav.
MIKTAA02
^¥i7neLKel<^ Ttva<; Kal crvveTov^ Xeyei^,
AAEKTPTHN
Twi^ fievTOi ye dXXcov, co îKvXXe, Ta9 vava-
yia<i ala'^pd^; tSoi<; dv, oTav 6 Kpocao^ irepiTe-

1 ffi Mehler : t€ MSS.
218
buy yourself a bloater or sprats or a bunch of onions,
and have a good time, singing a great deal and
philosophizing with that good soul. Poverty.
So in consequence of all this you are sound
and strong in body and can stand the cold, for
your hardships have trained you fine and made you
no mean fighter against adverse conditions that seem
to the rest of the world irresistible. No chance
that one of their severe ilhiesses will come near
you on the contrary, if ever you get a light fever,
:
after humouring it a little while you jump out

of bed at once, shaking off your discomfort, and the
fever takes flight immediately on seeing that you
drink cold water and have no use for doctors' visits.
—
But the rich, unhappy that they are what ills are
they not subject to through intemperance ? Gout
and consumption and pneumonia and dropsy are the
consequences of those splendid dinners.
In brief, some of them who like Icarus fly high
and draw near the sun without knowing that their
wings are fitted on with wax, now and then make
a great splash by falling head-first into the sea, while
of those who, copj-ing Daedalus, have not let their
ambitions soar high in the air but have kept them
close to earth so that the wax is occasionally wet
with spray, the most part reach their journey's end
in safety.
MICYLLUS
You mean temperate and sensible people.
COCK
But as for the others, Micyllus, you can see how
sadly they come to grief when a Croesus with his
219
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
riXiiievo^ TCL Trrepa yekcoTa irapexv TiepaaL<; ava-
âli'cov eVl Tr}V irvpav rj Alovv(Tio<; KarakvOeU t^?
TVpavviho<; ev Kopiv6cp 7pa/i/xaTtcrTr;9 ^XeTrrjrat,
fiera TijXL/cavTjjv apxv^ iraihia avWaîêiV Bi-
Sda/ccov.
MIKTAA02
24 EtVe pMi, 0) ciXeKTpvcov, cru Se oirore /SacrtXev^;
rjaOa — 0^? 'yap koL (SaaLkevaai irore ttolov —
Tivo^ eTTeipaOrj^; eKelvov rod fiiov; rj ttov iravev-
Ealficov rjaOa, to KeâXaiOV 6 ri Trip iart Tcav
a^yaOodV aTravroyv ^x^wv;
AAEKTPrnN
M^^Se avafxvy]ar)^ /xe, w Mt/cuXXe, ovtw rpia-
dOXio^ r)v Tore, rot? filv efo) irdatv oirep
ecprjaOa TraveuSai/jicov elvat Bokcov, evhodev he
fjivpiai^ dviaL<^ avvcov.
MIKYAA02
Tlac ravTat<;; irapaBoâ yap Kal ov irdvv ri
AAEKTPYnN
^RpXov fiev ovK oXiyrjf; x^pa^^, w Mt'/cuXXe,
irafjiôpov TLVO^ fcal irXijdei dvOpcoircov Kau /cdWec
TToXecov ev rai? fidXiara Oav/idêadat dîa<;
TTora/JLOL^; re vavcniTopoL^; Karappeofxevrj^; Kal 6a-
XaTTT) evoppM XP^f^^^V^y ^^^^ crrpaTLd rjv ttoXXt]
Kal LTTiTO^ auyKeKpoT7}/jievr] Kal 8opv(j)opiKov ouk
oXiyov Kal rpLrjpeK; Kal ^/OT^/xaro)!^ TrXijô? dvd-
piOfiov KOI XP^^^^ 7rdfjL7roXv<i Kal rj dXXrj rrj^
dpxv'^ Tpaywhia irdcra e? virepffoXijv e^coyKco/jLevrj,
cocrre oirore irpotoL/jit, ol fJiev ttoXXoI TrpoaeKVVOVv
Kal Oeov TLva opdv coovto Kai dXXoi eir aXXot^
^ irdvu Tt Cobet : Tvavri] {vavv) MSS.
220
wings clipped makes sport for the Persians by
mounting the pyre, or a Dionysius, expelled from
his tyrant's throne, turns up in Corinth as a school-
master, teaching children their a, b —ab, after hold-
ing sway so widely.
MICYLLUS
Tell me, cock, when vou were kino; for you sav —
—
you were once on a time how did you find that
life ? You were completely happy, I suppose, as
you had what is surely the acme of all blessings.
COCK
Don't even remind me of it, Micyllus, so utterly
wretched was I then although in all things
; for
external I seemed to be completely happy, as you
say, I had a thousand vexations within.
MICYLLUS
What were they .'*
What you say is strange and
not quite credible.
COCK
I ruled over a great country, Micyllus, one that
produced everything and was among the most note-
worthy for the number of its people and the beauty
of its cities, one that wâs traversed by navigable
rivers and had a sea-coast with good harbours and ;
I had a great army, trained cavalry, a large body-

guard, triremes, untold riches, a great quantity of
gold plate and all the rest of the paraphernalia of
rule enormously exaggerated, so that when I went
out the people made obeisance and thought they
beheld a god in the flesh, and they ran up one after
221
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
(Tvvedeov oyjrofievoi fie, ol Se kol iirl ra reyr^
aviovTE^ iv [.leyakcp erlOevTO aKpi/Buyf; ecopaKevai
TO ^€vyo<;, Tr)v icpecrrpiSa, to SidSrjfjLa, tou9
7rpo7ro/uL7r€vovTa<;, tov(; eirofxevov^;. eyco Se et'Sftx?
oTTocra fi€ rjvla fcal earpecêv, ifceLvoi<i fzev t?}?

avoia<; (TVveyLVCoaKOV, efxavrov Be r]\eovv ofioiov
opra rol<; fieyaXoif; eK6iV0L<s koXo<j(tol<;, olov<i rj
^lêiSia^; rj Mvpwv i) Upa^LTe\r](; iiroirjaev kcl-
K€LV(ov yap e/caaTO<; eKToaOev fxev TloaeiBodv rt?

7) Zeu9 icrn iTdyKa\o<; ix y^pvcriov kol iXecpavrof;
<jvvet.pyaa/jievo<;, Kepavvov rj daTpairviV 7) Tpiaivav

cycov iv rfj Se^ca, rjv Se inroKvyâ'^ lhr]<^ ra y
evBov, o-xjret xal y6/jL(pov<; koI
/jlo'^Xoik; Tiva<;
f/XoL"? StafiiTa^ Treire povrj/jbivovf; Kal Kopfxov^ koI
(T^r}va<^ Kol irirrav kol Trr/Xov Kai TOiavrrjv
TLva '7ToWr]v[diJLOp(îav viroiKOvpovaav eo) Xeyeiv
/ivayp iT\r]Oo^ fivyaXcov ifxTroXtrevo/jievov avTol<;
rj
ivlore. tolovtov tl fcal âatXeLa eariv,

MIKTAA02
25 Ovheiray e^râOa top irr^Xop /cal tov<; yo/jL(f>ov<;
Kol fjiO)(Xov(; oljipe^ elep tt}? 0Lpxv^> ^^^^ "^W

d/jLopcjiiap eKelprjp tj]p ttoXXtjp t)Ti<; eanv cu? to
ye eêXavpeip diroj^XeTrojiepop kol to(tovtcop ap-
yôvTa Kol Trpoa/cvpovfievop SaLfMOPUo<^ eoiKe aov
T(o ^ KoXoaaiaiw TrapaSeiy/jbaTi' Oeajrecriop yap
Tt fcal TOVTO. av Be ra epBop i]Bi] rod KoXoaaov
Xeye.
AAEKTPrnN
Tl TTpMTOP eiTTO) aoL, ^liKvXXe; toi;? (ô/9oi;9
0)
fcal TO, Belfiara fcal uTro-^ta? Kal fxlao^; to irapa

^ eoiK€ (Tov rcf Fritzsche : (omtv ootcos, toiKiv ouros, ioiKH'M
g\) ra> MSS.
222
;

another to look at me, while some even went up to
the house-tops, thinking it a great thiiig to have had
a good look at my horses, my mantle, my diadem,
and my attendants before and behind me. But I
myself, knowing how many vexations and torments
I had, pardoned them, to be sure, for their folly, but
pitied myself for being no better than the great

colossi that Phidias or Myron or Praxiteles made,
each of which outwardly is a beautiful Poseidon or
a Zeus, made of ivory and gold, with a thunderbolt
or a flash of lightning or a trident in his right hand
but you stoop down and look inside, you will see
if
bars and props and nails driven cl^-ar through, and
beams and wedges and pitch and clay and a quantity
of such ugly stuff housing within, not to mention
numbers of mice and rats that keep their court in
them sometimes. That is what monarchy is like.
MICVLLUS
You haven't yet told me what the clay and the
props and bars are in monarchy, nor what that
"quantity of ugly stuff" is. Til grant you, to drive
out as the ruler of so many people amid admiration
and homage is wonderfully like your comparison of
the colossus, for it savours of divinity. But tell me
about the inside of the colossus now.
COCK
What shall I tell you first, Micyllus ? The terrors,
the frights, the suspicions, the hatred of your
223
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TCOV (TVVOVTCOV KOI eTTLpOvXci^, Kul BlOL TUVTa
viTvov T€ oXijop, eirtTToXaiov /cuKelvov, koI rapa-
^779 fxeara ovelpara koI ivvoia^ TroXvirXoKov;
Kol 6\7n8a<i ael iTovrjpa<^, rj rrjv aayoXlav kol
')(^pr]fiaTLa[Jiov<; icoX Sl/ca^; kol i/caTpaTeLa<; kol
Trpocrrdyfiara Kal avvOij/iara koI Xoyicrfioix;; vcfy
o)v ovhe ovap airoXavaai rivo^ rjSeo<; iyjiverat,,

dXV avdyKT) virep diravrcov /jlovov Bcaa/coTrelcrOat
Kol fjivpia ^^(eiv Trpdypbara'
ovSe yap ArpeiSrjv ^

Ay a fiefjuv ova
vTTvof; 6')(ê yXvK6po<; iroXXd (ppealv op/jtaivovra,
Kal ravra peyKovTCDV KyâLwv dirdyrcov. XvTrel Se

Tov fxev Kvhov vio<; Kwcjô^; mv, tov Heparjv Se
l^Xeap')(o<^ liLvpcp êvoXoycov, dXXov Se Iîwv irpo'^
ov<; TidL Tcbv ZiVpaKovaicov KOLvoXoyovfievo's, fcal
dXXov Hapfievicov iiraivov/xevo^; fcal TiephiKKav

IlToXeyuato? Kal TlroXefialov XeXevKo^;' dXXa ku-
Kelva Xvirel, 6 epdypLevo^ nTpo<^ dvdyKr]v avvcov Kal
iraXXaKl^; dXXcp 'Xâupovcra Kal diroorTiâeaOai rLve<^
XeyofxevoL Kal d)V rj rerrape^ tmp hopvôpwv
Trpo^ dXXijXov^; Zia^lndvpiôvTei;. to Se jneyLarov,
v(j)opda6ai Set fidXicrra tov<^ (j>iXrdTOV<; ku^
€K€ivcL>v del, Ti heivov eXiriêiv yêiv. iyo) yovv
itiroTOV TraiSb^; direOavov he <papp,aKO)v, Se
Kal avTO^ iiiTo tov epco/juevov, tov Be dXXo<; Icro)^
ofiotoTpoTTO^; 6dvaT0<^ KaTeXafBev.
MlKTiVAOS
26 Airaye, Betva TavTa </>>;?, a> dXeKTpvcov, ifiol
224
associates, the plotsand as a result of all this the
^
scanty sleep, and that not sound, the dreams full

of tumult, the intricate plans and the perpetual
expectations of something bad ? Or shall I tell you
of the press of business, negotiations, laNvsuits,
campaigns, orders, countersigns, and calculations ?
Tliese things prevent a ruler from enjoying any
pleasure even in his sleep he alone must think
;
about everything and have a thousand worries.

Even in the case of Agamemnon, son of Atreus,
" Sweet sleep came to him not as he weighed in his
mind many projects,"
though all the Achaeans were snoring ^ The king I
of Lydia^ is worried because his son is mute, the

king of Persia ^ because Clearchus is enlisting troops
for Cyrus, another* because Dion is holding whis-
pered conversations with a few Syracusans, another^
because Parmenio is praised, Perdiccas because of
Ptolemy, and Ptolemy because of Seleucus. And
there are other grounds for worry too, when your
favourite will have nothing to do with you except by
constraint, when your mistress fancies someone else,
when one or another is said to be on the point of
revolting, and when two or three of your guardsmen
are whispering to one another. What is more, you
must be particularly suspicious of your dearest
friends and always be expecting some harm to come
from them. For example, I was poisoned by my son,
he himself by his favourite, and the latter no doubt
met some other death of a similar sort.
MICVLLUS
Tut, tut ! What you say is dreadful, cock. For
^ Iliad 10, 3 f.
"^
Croesus. *^
xlrtaxerxes.
* Dionysius the Younger. **
Alexander.
225
VOL. n. Q
THE WOKKS OF LUCIAN
yovv TTokv aa(j)a\iaT€pov (r/cvrorofietv iiTLKeKV-
(ôra Tj iriveiv airo ')(pvar}<; (piaXrjf; Kwveiw r)
aKovLTCp avvava/cpaOelcrav cpLXorrjcnav' 6 <yovv

fcivhvvo^ ejxol /xev, el irapokiaOoL to apLiXiov Koi
a/idproL T?}? ro/jL7]'i r?}? ctt' evOv, 6\[yov tl
aifidâi TOL'9 haKTvKov^ ipre/iovra' ol Be, ft)9
(prj^, Oavdaopia 6V(0')ôvvTai, Koi ravra pLvpiOL^;

KaKol<^ avv6vTe<^. elr irreiZav Triacoaiv, ofioioc
fjidXcara (paivovrai rot? rpayt-Kol^ vTTOKpLTal's,
oiv TToWov^ Ihelv eveari riox; fiev KeKpoira^; SrjOev
ovra^ Tj XtdiKJôvf; rj TT^Xecôy?, hLahrjpLara eôz^ra?
kclL îcj^rj eKeâvTOKcoTva koI eTriaeidTOv Koprjv
fcai ')(\apLvBa ')^pva6'7Ta(TTGP, rjv hi, ola iroXXd
ylverai, K€vep,0aTyaa<; rt? avrcov iv fiiar) ry
(TKrjvfi yeXcora
/car air ear], 7rap6)(^6t rot? SrjXaSr)
Oearal^ rod TTpoacoireiov puev avvrpLêvToî avrw
BiahripaTL, r)piaypevr)<; he rrjf; dXiÔov^; Ke(j)a\r]^
TOV VTTOKptTOV Kol TCdV (T KeXodV iivl TTOXv JVpLVOV-
fiei'cov, ot)9 T/)9 re ecr67)TO<^ rd evhodev (paivecrOat
pdKLa hvarriva ovra /cat tmv ipb/Sarayv ryv vtto-

heaiv dpiop(j)OTdrr}v koX ov^l Kara \6yop rov
TToho^, opa^ o7r(o<; pe koI elfcdêiv ehlhaâ<{ yhrj,
0) êXricrre dXefcrpvcov; dXXd Tvpavvl<; puev tolov-
TOV Ti cocpuT] ovaa. tTTTro? oe rj /cvcov rj t^c/f? rj

^dTpaôî OTTore yevoLO, ttw? e(j)epe<; e/ceLvi]v rr^v
hiaTpL^-qv;
AAEKTPrnN
27 M.aKpbv TOVTov dvuKLvel^ rov Xoyov koX ov rov
rrapovro^s Katpov' TrXrjv ro ye /ce(f)dXaLov, ouSet?
oari<; ovk d7rpaypLovecrrepo<; rcov Î'cov eSoê pLot
"-rov dvOpcoTreiov, pi6vai<^ ral^ cf}vaLKaL<; eTrLdvpuiaL^
fcal ')(peiaL<i GvpipiepieTp))pbevo^' reXcovrjp Be ittttop tj
226
me, at least, it is far safer to bend over and cobble
shoes than to drink out of a golden cup when
the health that is pledged you is qualified with
hemlock or aconite. The only risk I run is that
if my knife should slip sideways and fail to cut
straight, I might draw a little blood by cutting
my fmgers but they, as you say, do their feasting
;
at the peril of their lives and live amid a thousand

ills beside. Then when they they make no
fall
better figure than the actors that you often see,
who for a time pretend to be a Cecrops or a Sisyphus
or a Telephus, with diadems and ivory-hilted swords
and waving hair and gold-embroidered tunics but if ;
(as often happens) one of them misses his footing

and falls down in the middle of the stage, it
naturally makes fun for the audience when the mask
gets broken to pieces, diadem and all, and the actor's
own face is covered with blood, and his legs are
bared high, so as to show that his inner garments
are miserable rags and that the buskins with which
he is shod are shapeless and do not fit his foot. Do
you see how you have already taught me to make
comparisons, friend cock ? Well, as for absolute
power, it proves to be something of that sort. But
when you became a horse or a dog or a fish or a frog,
how did you find that existence ?
COCK
That isa long story you are starting, and we have
not time for it just now. But to give the upshot of
it, there is no existence that did not seem to me more
care-free than that of man, since the others are con-

formed to natural desires and needs alone you ^vill
;
not see among them a horse bailiff or a frog informer

227
Q 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
crvKO(J)dvTr]v ^drpa')(ôp rj crocpKnrjv koXolov rj oyjro-
iroLov Kwvwira r) /civacSov dXcKTpvova koI raWa
ocra v/jLei. iyco Se o
TTeiTovBa ovK alayyvoiiai 7rpo<; ae elirelv ovheirco
8vvap.ao diTopaOelv rrjv iircdvpiLav fjv Ik iraihwv
ecyôv TrXovaio'i yeveaOaL, dWd /ji}]p /cat tovvvitvlov
en irpo rcov ocpdaX/ncov earrjfcep iiriSeL/cvv/iejwv to
'X^pvaiov, fcal fidXtaTa iirl tw Karapdro) îp^cavL
aTTO'TTvi'yopLai Tpvcf>covTt ev dyaOoU TocrovTotf;.
AAEKTPTHN
^Ryco ae ldaop,at, o) MufcvWc koX eTrelirep en
vv^ ecTTLVy iâvaard^; eirov pLor uTrd^d) ydp ae Trap*
avTov eKelvov rov îpboova fcal eh ra? tcoi^ dWcov
irXovalayv olKia^, ot)§ 'IhoL^ ola rd Trap' avrolf; iari.
MIKTAA02
IIw? rovTo, Ke/cXeia piipcov tcov dvpcov; el p^rj
Kol T0L^(ji)pv)(^6'iv ye (J V pie dvayKdaei^.

AAEKXPYHN
voap.o)(;, aXX o tjppLr)(;, ovirep Lepo<; ecpii, eâi-
perop eBco/ce pLOi tovto, ijv Ti<; to ovpalov Trrepov to
pL7]Ki(TT0v, o 3c diraXoTTjTa e7nfcap,Tre^ eaTL —
MIKTiVAOS
AvO 3' eCTTL (TOL TOiaVTa.
AAEKTPrnN
To he^Lov TOivvv oto) dv iyo) diroaTTdaai irapd-
crx^ ^^^^ e^CAi^/ 6? oaov dv ôvXwpiat dvolyeiv re o
TOiovTo<; irdaav dvpav hvvaTai /cat opdv diravTU
ov)^ 6pd)pL€vo(; avTo<^.
^ avoairdaai irapdax^ '^^^ ^X^'** Fritzsche : air off it da ai irapd'
<rx<y Koi ixV ^ » diruffTrdaai irapdax^ ^X^"* 7-

228
—

or a jackdaw sopliist or a mosquito chef or a libertine
cock or any of the other modes of life that you men
follow.
MICYLLUS
No doubt that is true, cock. But as to myself, I
am not ashamed to tell you how I feel. I am not

yet able to unlearn tlie desire of becoming rich that
I have had sincemy boyhood. My dream, too, still
stands before my eyes displaying its gold and ;
above all I am choking with envy of that confounded

Simon, who is revelling in so many blessings.
COCK
cure you, Micyllus.
I will As it is still night, get
up and follow me I will take you to visit Simon
;
and to the house of the otJier rich men, so that you

may see what their establishments are like.
MICYLLUS
Howcan you do it when their doors are locked ?
You aren't going to make me be a burglar ?

COCK
Not by any means. But Hermes, to whom I am
consecrated, gave me this privilege, that if my
longest tail feather, the one that is so pliant that it
curls
MICYLLUS
You have two like that.
COCK
the one on the right, and if I permit any man
It is
to pull it out and keep it, that man, as long as I
choose, can open every door and see everything
without being seen liimself.
229
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
MIKTAA02
'EXeX^^ê/? fxe, o) aXeKrpvMV, koX cru 70779 o)v.
€/iol ovv rjv
S' TOVTO aira^ Trapacr^^;??, o^êi ra
î/jLcovo^;irdvTa ev ^pa')(€l Sevpo fjberevrjveyfieva'
fierotaa) yap avra irapeiaekOMV, Se avOc<; ireoi-
rpcoêrai, aTToreivcov ra KaTrvfiara.
AAEKTPTHN
Ov 66/jLl<;yevkaBai tovto' iraprj'yyeiXe yap
^"Epfjurj^;, Tjv TL TOLovTOV ipydarjTai- e')(^cov to ttt€-
poVy dva/SoyjaavTa fie KaTa<pcopa(Tat avrov.
MIKTAA02
WiriOavov Xeyei^;, fcXeTrrrjv rov *Fjp/jLrjv avrov
ovra Tot? aXXo^9 (pdovelv rod tolovtov. (iTnoy/mev
8' o/ift)9' dcpiôfiat yap rov ')(pvaiov, rjp hvvwfiai.
AAEKTPrnN
ÂttotlXov, o) MtVfXXe, Trporepov to tttIXov . . ,
Tt tovto; dficfxi) drreTiXa'^.
MIKTAA02
Âa<pnXecrT€pov ovt(0<;, m dXefCTpucov, Km aoi
rjTTOv dv dp.op(pov to irpdypa eirj, 0)9 /jl^] â)Xevoi,<;
Bid OaTepov t% ovpd<; fi€po<;.
AAEKTPrnN
29 Elei^. iirl top ^LfKoi'a TrpcoTov dirifxev rj irap
dXXov Tivd TMv irXovaioiv;
MIKYAA02
Ov fJbev ovv, dXXd irapd tov 'îfxcova, 09 dvTl
hicrvXXdpov t€t paauXXa/Sof; rjhr] 7rXovT7](Ta<^ elvai
d^Lol. Kal 8t} Trdpeafiev '^^l Ta9 6vpa^. tL ovviroio)
TO jjueTa tovto;
230
.
THE DREAM. OR THE COCK

MICYLLUS
I didn't realize, cock, that you yourself were a
conjurer. Well, if you only let me have it, you shall
see all Simon's possessions brought over here in a
jiffy :I'll slip in and bring them over, and he will
once more eat his leather as he stretches it.^
COCK
That impossible, for Hermes ordered me, if the
is
man who had the feather did anything of that sort,

to uplift my voice and expose him.
MICYLLUS
It is hard to believe what you say, that Hermes,
himself a thief, begrudges others the same privilege.
But let's be off just the same I'll keep my hands off
;
the gold if I can.

COCK
First pluck the feather out^ Micyllus What's . .
this ? You have pulled them both out !
MICYLLUS
It is safer to do so, cock, and it will spoil your
"beauty less, preventing you from being crippled on
one side of your tail.
COCK
All right. Shall we visit Simon first, or one of
the other rich men }
MICYLLUS
No Simon, who wants to have a name of four
:
syllables instead of two, now that he is rich. Here

we are at the door already. What shall I do next ?
^ The ancient shoemaker held one side of the leather in his
teeth in stretching it. Cf. Martial 9, 73 :
Dentibus antiquas solitus producere pellea

et mordere luto putre vetnsque solum —
;
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

AAEKTPTnN
'ETTtê? TO TTTSpOV €1tI TO KkelOpOV,
MIKTAA02
'iSoL' h'-j. 0) 'HpdK\€i<;, (ivaTreiTTaTaL coairep
V7T0 kXelSI t) Ovpa,
AAEKTPTHN
'H701) e? TO irpoaOev. 6pa<; avrov dypvTri'OVvra
KoX \oyLô/.i€VOV
MIKTAA02
'Opco vr) Ata d/iavpdv ye koX Siyfrcocrav
TT/oo?
Ti]V OpvaWiSa, Kal ooxpcx; Be iarlv ovk olh' cOer,

aXeKTpvcov, /cal /caTeaKXrj/cev 0X09 eKTerr^Kw^, viro
<j)povTLS(ov Br)\aBi]' ov yap voaelv a\Xa)9 €\e7eT0.
AAEKTPTnN
"hKovaov a (fyrjaiv elar} yap 60 ev ovro)^ ^'x^'*
2IMnN
OvKOvv ToXavra p,ev e^BofJbrjKOvra i/celva irdvv
d(7(ha\6)<^ VTTO rfj kXivt] KaropdypvKTaL Kal ovBeh
dXXof; olBe, rd Be eKKalBeKa elBev, olpai, loxxi-Xo?
o iTnroKopLO'^ viro rfj (pdrvrj KaraKpvTrTOvra fie'
o\o<i yovv irepi. rov iTTiroivd iariv, ov iravv
eirijieKr)^ ovBe (îXoirovo^ cov.
ciXXox; elKO<; Be
rjpirdaOai ttoWw irXeiw tovtcov, i) iroOev yap
6 Tiêio^ ^ rdpiyp^ avrfo ovtq) pueya oi-^covqKevai
vê9 eXeyero rj rfj yvvaiKi eXXoffiov ewvPjcrOai
irevre Bpayfioiv oXwv; rapid ovroi airaOcjat rov
KaicoBaipovo^. dXX^ ovBe rd eKircopara ev da(j)a-
Xet pioi diTOKeirai rocravra ovra' BeBta yovv p.y
Tt? vTTOpvâ^ rov rol')(ôv vcfêXrjrat avrw ttoXXol
cpOovovcTL Kal e'TnôvXevovai piOi, kcu fidXiara o
yeircov ]\ii/CL'X\o9.
1 Tl8cios A.M.H.: Tlfitos MSS.
2 ^2
;

COCK
Put the feather to the lock.
MICYLLUS
Look at that now ! Heracles ! The door has
opened just as it would to a key !
COCK
Lead on. Do you see him sitting up and figuring ?
MICYLLUS
Yes, by Heaven, beside a dim and thirsty lamp ;
he is pale for some reason, cock, and all run down

and thin ; from worrying, I suppose, for there was
no talk of his being ill in any other way.
COCK
Listen to what he is saying and you will find out
how he got this way.
SIMON
Well, then, that seventy talents is quite safely
buried under the bed and no one else knows of it
but as for the sixteen, I think Sosylus the groom saw
me Iiiding them under the manger. At any rate he
is all for hanging about the stable, though he is not
particularly attentive to business otiierwise or fond

of work. I have probably been robbed of much
more than that, or else where did Tibius get the
money for the big slice of salt fish they said he
treated himself to yesterday or the earring they said
he bought for his wife at a cost of five v.hole
drachmas ?• It's my money these fellows are squand-
ering, wôrse luck I But my cups are not stored in a
safe place, either, and there are so many I'm afraid !
someone rnay burrow under the wall and steal tliem :
many envy me and plot against me, and above all my

neighbour Micyllus.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
MIKTAA02
Nt) Ala' (Tol yap 6/jlolo^ iyco /cat, ra rpv^Xia
UTTO fJLaXrj^ aireifXL e)(^cov.
AAEKTPrnN
îcoTTTjaov, ^liKvXXe, /jlt) /caTa(f)a)pd(Tr} irapovra^
SIMnN
"ApicTTOv yovv aypvTTvop avrov (f)v\aTT€tv aira-
aav 7r6pL6t/jLt ^Lavaara^ ev kvkXco rrjv oiKiav.
Tt9 ovTO^; opco are ye, T0i%a)/)u%6 . . . fia Ata,
iirel Kicov ye mv Ti;7Xai^6t9, ev e;êt. apcO/i'tjaco
avOi^ avopvâ^ to ;)^pi;crtoi^, fiT] ri fie irprp^qv
SceXadev. ISov irdXiv e^\ro<^r]Ke riv eir e/j,e
SrjXaBt]' iroXiopKOVfjiai Kal eTrcff ovXevo/Jiai tt/oo?

dirdvTOiv. ttov /jlol to î(J)lSiov; av Xa^co Tcva
. . OaTTTCOfxev avOi^ to xP^^ôv.
.
AAEKTPrnN
30 TotavTa /liv coi, o) MiKvX\e, tcl l,ip,(ovo<;.
dirico/Jiev Be /cal Trap* dXXov Tivd, eo)? €ti oXtyov

TTjf; vvKTo^ Xoirrov ecTTiv.
MIKTAA02
'O KaKohaifxwv, olov îol tov 0iov. ex^pol^
ouTco irXovTelv yevoiTO. KaTa Koppyj^ 8' ovv
Trarafa? avTOV direXOelv ôvXofiai.
2IMnN
Tt9 eiraTaê fxe; XrjaTevofxai 6 BvaTyxv^*
MIKTAA02
O'lficoê Kal dypvTTvei Kal op,oio^ yiyvov to
irpoa-TeTrjKQ)^ avrw. rjfieh Sf.
XpMjJLa Tft)
XP^^^
irapd TvL(j)c*)pa, el BoKel, tov Saveio-Trjv tcofiev. ov
234
!

MICYLLUS
Yes, by Heaven, I'm just like you and go away
with the dishes under my arm !
COCK
Hush, Micyllus, for fear he may find out that we
are here.
SIMON
At any rate it is best to stay awake myself and
keep watch. get up from time to time and go
I'll
all about the whole house. Who is that ? I see

you, burglar ... oh no, you are only a pillar, it is
!
all right. I'll dig up my gold and count it again, for
fear I made a mistake yesterday. There, now, some-

body made a noise he's after me, of course. I am
:
beleaguered and plotted against by all the world.

Where is my sword ? If I find anyone . . . Let us
bury the gold again.
COCK
Well, Micyllus, that the way Simon
is lives. Let's
go and visit someone else while there is still a little
of the night left.
MICYLLUS
Unfortunate man, what a life he leads ! I wish
my enemies wealth on those terms Well, ! I want
to hit hin> over the head before I go.
SIMON
Who hit me ? I'm being robbed, unlucky that I
am
MICYLLUS
Groan and lie awake and grow like your gold
in colour, cleaving fast to it Let's go and
! see
Gnipho the money-lender, if you don't mind. He
235
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
fxaicpav he Koi ovto<; oLKel. aveayye koX avrrj r)f.uv
7] Bvpa.
AAEKTPTHN
31 'Opa9 67raypv7rvovvTa koi tovtov eVl cj^povn-
Scov, ava\oyi^6fi€vov tou? t6kov<; koi tov<; Sa/crv-
\ov<; KareaKXyfcoray ov Beijaec fxeT oXiyov iravra
ravra KaraXiTrovra criXcprjv rj i/jLiriSa rj kvvo-
fjbviav '^/eveaOai;
MIKYAA05
'Opw KaKohaiixova koi avmirov civOpwirov ovhe
vvv TToXv T?}^ crt\(^779 r) €/jb7TiSo<; afxetvov Piovvja,
o)?he Kol ouTO? eKTeTTjfcev 6Xo<; vtto tcov XoyicT/u^cov,
iir^ dXXov aTTiWfJiev.
AAEKTPrnN
32 Ilapa tov ctov 'EvfcpdrrfVy el koi Ihov
BoKel.
yap, dvecpye koI avrr] ?; Ovpa' wcrre eiaiwêv,
MIKYAA02
" Kiravja ravra fiiKpov e/xTrpoaOev efxa tjv,
AAEKTPYr.N
"Ert yap crv 6veLp07roXeL<; rov rrXovrov; opa-f;
h" ovv rov ^jVKpdrrjv avrov fxev vtto rod oiKerov
Trpea^vrrjv dvOpwrrov ; . . .
MIKTAA05
'OpSi VT} Aia KaraiTvyoGvvrjv fcal rraaxv-
riaa/JLov riva Kal dcreXyeiav ovk dv6 pwTrivrjv
rrjv yvvalna he erepcodi vtto rov fxayeipov Kau
avrr}V . . .
AAEKTFXnN
33 Tt ovv; e6e\oi<s dv /cal rovrwv /cXrjpovofielv,
0} MiKvXXe, Kal irdvra exîv rd EvKpdrov^;;
236
too lives not far off. This door has opened to us
also. -
"'"
COCK
Do you see him awake with his worries like the
other, computing his interests and wearing his fingers
to the bone ? And yet lie will soon liave to leave all
this behind and become a beetle or a gnat or a dog-
fly.
MICYLLUS
I see an unfortunate, senseless man who even now
lives little better than a beetle or a gnat. And how
completely run down he is from his computations I
Let's go and see another.
COCK
Your friend Eucrates, if you like. See, this door
has opened too, so let's go in.
MICYLLUS
All this belonged to me a little while ago.
COCK
Why, ou still dreamino; of vour wealth } Do
are ^
you see Eucrates and liis servant, old man as he

is . . .?
MICYLLUS
Yes, by Heaven, I see lust and sensuality and
lewdness ill befitting a human being and ; in another
quarter I see his wife and the cook . . .
COCK
How about it } Would you be willing to inherit
all this too, Micyllus, and have all that belongs to
Eucrates 1
237
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
MIKTAA02
Mry8a/xw9, w aXeKTpvwv Xt/xw a7ro\oijir)V 7rp6-
repov. "^^ %/91'crtoi^ Kal ra Belirva, Svo
x^^P^^^
6/3o\ol efJLOi ye ttXoOto? ian fiaXkov rj roixcopv-
yGiaOac tt/oo? t(ov oIk€T(x}v.
AAEKTPTflN
"AWa vvv yap rjfiepa r/Sy Â^^^ '^^ XvKUvye^^
avTO, d-TTLcofjiev oUahe irap rj/xd<i- rd XoLird 8e
238
MICYLLUS
Not on your cock
life, I'll starve first
! To the !
deuce with your gold and your dinners two obols is a

;
fortune to me in comparison with being an easy mark

for the servants.
COCK
Well, the day is just breaking, so let's go
home now ;
you shall see the rest of it some other
time.
239
PROMETHEUS
The mock -plea Prometheus, clearly suggested by the
opening of the Prometheun Bound of Aeschylus, is midway
between the Menippean satires and the pure genre of the
Dialogues of the Gods, in one of which (5, formerly 1) the
Titan figures again. In some of the manu«?cripts it l)ears a
sub-title, The^Caucasîs, possibly added to distinguish it
from A Literary Prometheus.
VOL. 11,
nPOMHQETS
EPMH2
'O Kau/fao-09, a> "Rcjâiare, ovto<;, w tov
/Jih
aOXiov TovTOvl TLTCiva irpoayXcoadaL herjaet'
irepiaKOTTM/jLev Se rjSr] Kppp,v6v nva eTTLTr)heLOV,
ftx? êpaiorepov
el TTov tt}? %iozô9 TL yvfivov eariv,
KaraTrayeirj ra Sea/Jia koX ovto<^ airaai 7r6pL(f>av7]<i
el'r/ Kp€fjLd/ju€vo<;.
H'l'AlSTO^
UepLaKOTTMfiev, w 'Ep/jLvi' ovre yap jaTretvov

eirafxv-
Ku); TrpoayeLov eaTavpoiddai XP^l*^ ^^, ^^)
voiev avTti) ra irXdafiara avrov ol
dvdpcoiroi,
ovre fJLTjv Kara to dfcpov,—d(f)avr)^ yap dv jhj roU

icdrco—dyoC el BoKec Kara evjavOd ttov
fieaov
virep TTf^ cj)dparyyo<; dveaTavpcoadco eKTrejaaOeh
Tcb XGt/ê diTO TOVTOvl rov Kprjfxvov irpb^ rbv
evavTLov.
EPMH2
Eti Xeyetr diro^vpoi re 7^/3 a/ Trerpac fcal
dTrpoa/SaroL iravTaxÔev, 7)pefia eirLvevevKvlaL,
,ca\ TW iTohl aT€vr]V TavT7]V 6 Kp7]fivo<^

exeijrr^v
eTTifiao-iV, ft)? dfcpoiToSrjTl fx6\L<;

eaTavai, koX oXcoq
eTTLKaLporaTO^ dv 6 crravpo^ ryevotro. fir] fieXXe
ohv, 0) llpofj.r)0ev, aX\' dpd^âcve^^ Kal irdpexe

aeavTOV Kajaira'^rjaopievov irpo^ to dpo<i.
242
PROMETHEUS
HERMES
Well, Hephaestus, here is the Caucasus, where
thispoor Titan will have to be nailed up. Now tlien
let us look about for a suitable rock, if there is a place
anywhere that has no snow on it, so that the irons
may be riveted in more firmly and he may be in full
sight of everybody as he hangs there.
HEPHAESTUS
Yes, let's look about, Hermes : we mustn't crucifv
him low and close to the ground for fear that men,
his own handiwork, may come to his aid, nor yet on
the summit, either, for he would be out of sight
from below. Suppose we crucify him half way up,
somewhere hereabouts over the ravine, with his
hands outstretched from this rock to that one }
HERMES
Right you are the cliffs are sheer and inaccessible
;
on every side, and overhang slightly, and the rock

has only this narrow foothold, so that one can barelv
stand on tip toe in shoit, it will make a very handy
;
cross. Well, Prometheus, don't hang back climb :
up and let yourself be riveted to the mountain.

243
H 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
nPOMH0ET2
ViXXa Kciv v/ji€2<; ye, w '
Hfpaiare koX ILpfjii],
KUTeXeijaaTe ixe Trapa ttjv aîav SvaTv^ôvvra.
EPMH5
TovTO <^^9, w UpofjLTjdev, avTL aov avatrKoXo-
TncrOrjvai, ^ avriKa juudXa irapafcovaavra'; rod
e7nTdyfxaT0<i' r) oti% Ikuvo^; elval aoi 8oKel 6
K.av/caao<^ fcal a\Xov<; ')((Dpr}aaL hvo TrpodiraTTa-
XevOivra^;; dXX' opeye rrjv Se^cdv av Be, o)
''}i(f)ai,aT6, Kard/cXete /cal irpoarjXov koX rrjv
aipvpav ipp(o/jL6V(i)<; KaTd<p€p€. So? kol tijv ere-
pav KareiXyipOco ev jidXa tcaX avn].^ ev 6^€t.
KaraTTTyjaeraL Se 7]8i] koI o dero^; uTTOKepcov to
rjirapy co? iravTa €')(pi'^ dvrl r?}? KaXrj^ kol evfirj-
'^dvov 7rXaaTLKr]<;.
npoMH0Er2
'H K.p6v€ fcalKal av m /ayjrep, ola
'laTrere
iriiTovOa 6 KaKoSal/jicoi^ ovBev Secvov €lpyaa/x6i>o<;.
EPMH2
OvSev, 0) TipojiirjOev, Seivbv elpydaw, 09 TrpSyra
/juev rrjV vo/jLtjv rcov KpeMv ey')(eipLa6el<^ ovrcoi; dhi-
Kov eTTotrjoro} Kal dTraTtjXrjv, 009 aavrui /nev ra
KdXXicrra vireêXeaOai, rov Aia Be irapaXoyt-
craaOat ocrrd " fcaXvyjraf; dpyeri Btj/jlw *; /le/xvij/jLai
yap 'HaioBov vr) At' oi/Tct)9 elirovTO'^' eireLra Be
T0U9 dv0p(i)7Tov<; dveTrXacTa^, Travovpyorara â>a,
Kal /jidXcard ye Ta9 yvva?Ka<i' iirl iraaL Be to
TL/jLLdoraTOP KTrffMi TO)v OeCov TO irvp KXeyjraf;, Kal
TOVTO eBwKa^ tol<s dvOpdnroi^; ToaavTa Betpd
eipyaafxevo^ ^ri<; /jirjBev dBiKrjcraf; BeBeaOat;
^ avr\ aov avaaKoXotncBriuai Hemsterhuys : t5 KaTeAîjaare
avrl aov {rov y) avaffKo\oiri(Tdrjyai MS8.
- a'vTT} Jensius : avr-i} MSS.
244
!
PROMETHEUS
PROMETHEUS
Come, Hephaestus and Hermes, at any rate you
might pity me in my undeserved misfortune.
HERMKS
You mean, be crucified in yom* stead the instant
we disobey the order Don't you suppose the
!
Caucasus has room enough to hold two more pegged

up ? Come, hold out your right hand. Secure
it, Hephaestus, and nail it up, and bring 3'our
hammer down with a Avill. Give me the other hand
too. Let that be well secured also. That's good.
The eagle will soon fly down to eat away your liver,
so that you may have full return for your beautiful
and clever handiwork in clay.
PROMETHEUS
O Cronus and lapetusand you, O mother (Earth)
What a fate I suffer, luckless that I am, when I
have done no harm.

HERMES
No harm, Prometheus r In the first place you
undertook to serve out our meat and did it so un-
fairly and trickily that you abstracted all the best
of it for yourself and cheated Zeus by wrapping
*'
bones in glistening fat " for I remember that
:
Hesiod says so.^ Then you made human beings,

thoroughly unprincipled creatures, particularly the
women and to top all, you stole fire, the most
;
valued possession of the gods, and actually gave that

to men. When you have done so much harm, do
you say that you have been put in irons without
having done any wrong .''
^ Theogony 541 The story was invented to account for

.
the burning of bones wrapped in fat at sacrifice.
245
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
nPOMH0ET2
i "EoiKa<;, koI av Kara rov TTotrjTrjv
(o *E/j/x^,
" avainov alridaaOaiy' 09 ra roiavrd fMoc Trpocfii-
p€L<;, €</)' oh
eycoye t?}? iv irpVTaveiw crcTrjaeo)^,
el ra Utcaia iylyvero, eri/iirja-d/iiTjv av €/j.avra).
el yovv o-'xoXr) aoi, rjheo)^ av /cal BtKacoXoyr]-

aai/x7}v vTvep tmv eyKXri/jbdroyv, ft)? heiât^L dBiKa
iyvcoKora irepl rj/jLoyv rov Ala' av he aT(Ofiv\o<^ —
—
yap el Kal Bi/caviKo^ d7ro\6yr]aai virep avrov
ft)9 hiKaiav rr)i> '^rj<ôv edero, dvearavpMcrOai
fie ir\r)aiov tmv KaaiTiwv tovtwv irvXcdv
ein rov
KavKaaov, oUtlgtov deafia irdci %Kvdai<;.
EPMH2
"E(o\ov fiev, CO UpofMTjOev, rriv ecpeatv dyayvtfj
fcal 69 ovSev Beov Ofico^; B' ovv Xeye- Kal yap
a\Xft)9 irept/jLeveiP dvayicalov, ear av 6 aero?
KaTaiTTf) i'miJ.e\7]a6/Jiev6<; aov rov ijirarot;. rrjv
iv TO) fiearp Bj] ravTiiv axo^V^ KaXm av exov

elri^ et9 dtcpoaaLv KaraxpW^^^^^^ ao(f)iaTiK7]v,
olo^ el av TravovpyoraTO^ ev tol<; Xoyot^;.
nP0MH©EY2
5 JJ porepo; ovv, w 'Epfii], Xeye, Kal 07rft)9 fiov (o<;
Beu'OTara Kari^yop^âr]^ /JLrjSe KaOv(j)fj<; rt roiv
BiKaioov Tov 7raT/oo9. ere Be, o) ''H.(j>aLaTe, Bl-
Kaarrjv iroLOVfiat e7ft)76.
H*AI2T02
Ma Ar, dXkd Karrjyopov dvTi BiKaarov tadi
^
(Xov etTj Jacobitz : tX'^*' «^^» ^'^^ ^X"" MSS.
246
PROMETHEUS
PROMETHEUS
Hermes, you seem to be " blaming a man who is
blameless/' to speak with the poet_,^ for you reproach
me with thinos for which I should have sentenced
myself to maintenance in the Prytaneum if justice
were being done.^ At any rate, if you have time, 1
should be glad to stand trial on the charges, so that
I might prove that Zeus has passed an unjust sen-
tence on me. As you are ready-tongued and litigious,
suppose you plead in his behalf that he was just in
his decision that I be crucified near the Caspian gates
here in the Caucasus, a most piteous spectacle for all
the Scythians.
HERMES
Your appeal, Prometheus, will be tardy and of no
avail, but say your say just the same for in any case
;
we must remain here until the eagle flies down to

attend to your liver. This interval of leisure may as
well be employed in listening to a sophistic speech,
as you are a very clever scoundrel at speech-making.
PROMETHEUS
Speak then, Hermes, and see that you accuse
first,
me as eloquently as you can and that you don't

neglect any of your father's claims. Hephaestus, I
make you judge.
HEPHAESTUS
No, by Heaven ;
you will find me an accuser
1 Iliad 13, 775.
^ After Socrates has been found guilt}', his accusers pro-
posed that he be condemned to death. He made a counter-
proposition that he be allowed to dine at the Prytaneum for
the rest of his life, on the ground that he deserved this
privilege better and needed it more than did the Olympic
champions to whom it was accorded.
247
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
/xe e^cov, 09to irvp vêkofxevo^ y^v')(^pdv jxoi rrjv
KajLLtvov aTToXekoLTra^.
nPOMH0ET2
OvKovv SieXofievoL rrjv Kanjyoplav, av filv
irepl T^9 K\oiTr}<^ i'^hrj avveipe, 'KpjjLTj^ he Ti)v
Kpeavofilav koI rrjv av6 pwiroTroiiav alridaeTaL'
d/jL(f)co Be T€)(ycTai, koI elirelv Beivol ioifcare elvat.
H*AI2T05
O \Lpfjirj<^ KUi virep i/jLOu ipel' iyco yap ov
7rpo<s \6yoL(; rol<; hiKavLKol^; elfiL, ciXX' dfjucf)! rrjv
KCLfXivov €^(^0) rd iroWd' 6 he pyrcop re Icttl kol
TMV TOiovTcov OV TTapepjco^ fxejJbeKrjKev avrw.
nPOMH0ET2
'Eô) fjLev ovK dv irore dip.r}v Koi irepX Trj<; atXott^?
Tov 'Rpp,fjiJ edeXfjcraL dv elirelv ovhe oveihtelv fiot to
TOiovTOv ojio'jeyjxi) ovri. ttXijv a\X' el fcal tovto,
CO Mata9 Trat, ixplaraaaL, Kaipo<; i]En] Trepalvetv ti]v
KaTrjyoptav,
EPMH2
Tldvv yovv, 0) UpofiTjdev, piaKpwv hel Xoywv kol
lKavrj<; tivo<; 7rapaaKevr)<^ iirl rd aol TreTTpayfiera,
ovx'^ ^^ ^'^(>XPV lôva ra Kec^dXaia elirelv toju
dhiKtifidTwVy on eTTLTpairev aoc fioLpdaai rd /cpea
cravTM /.lev ra fcdXXiara e'ûXarre?, e^fjirdra^; Be
TOV (3aaiXea, koX tol'? dvOpcoirovf; dve7rXaaa<;,
ovhev Beov, Koi to irvp KXeyjra<; irap y/jLwv eKOfiiaaf;
i<s avTov<;' Kal fioi BoKel<i, co êXTLo-ie, firj avvievat
iirl TOi? TrfKLKOVTOi^ irdvv ^tXavOpooTrov tov Afo?
7r€7reipap,evo<;. el fiev ovv eâpvo<i el firj elpydadai
avTa, Bejjaei koI BteXeyêiv koI pfjauv Ttva /xafcpdv

aTToreivecv Kal TreipdaOai co? evi fidXiara eficpavl-
t,€iv TTjv dXijOeiav el Be (prj(; Toiavrrjv TreTTotfjaOai
248
;
PROMETHEUS
instead of a judge^ Ipromise you, for you abstracted
my fire and left my forge cold.
PROMETHEUS
Well, then, divide the accusation you can accuse
;
me of the theft now, and then Hermes "will

criticize the serving of the meat and the making of
men. You both belong to trades-unions and are
likely to be good at speaking.
HEPHAESTUS
Hermes speak for me too, for I am no hand
shall
at court speeches but stick by my forge for the most
part, while he is an orator and has taken uncommon
interest in such matters.
PROMETHEUS
I should never have thought that Hermes would
care to speak about the theft or to reproach me
with anytliing like that, when I follow his own trade !
However, if you agree to this, son of Maea, it is high

time you were getting on with your accusation.
HERMES
Just as if long speeches and adequate preparation
were necessary, Prometheus, and it wêre not enough
simply to summarize your wrong-doings and say that
when you were commissioned to divide the meat you
tried to keep the best for yourself and cheat the
king, and that you made men when you should not,
and that you stole fire from us and took it to them !
You do not seem to realize, my excellent friend, that

you have found Zeus very humane in view of such
actions. Now if you deny that you have committed
them, 1 shall have to have it out \\'ith you and make
a long speech and try my best to bring out the truth
but if you admit that you served the meat in that
249
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
T7JV vofirjv TMV KpeSyv Kol TO, irepl tov<; di'0p(*)7rov<;
Kaivovpyfjaai koX to irvp fC€K\o<p€vat, iKavoiy^; Karrj-
yoprjrat fxoi, kol fiaKporepa ovk av eiTroi/JLt' Xr]po<;
yap aX\co<i to tolovtov.
nPOMH0ET2
7 Et fiev Koi TavTa \rjp6<; icTTiv a ecprjKa^y elao-
jieOa fiLKpov vdTepov iyo) Se, iireiirep ifcava (f)r}<;
etvai Ta KaTriyoprjixeva, ireipdao/jLaL co? av ol6<; T€
0) SiaXvcraaOaL Ta iyKXrj/jLaTa, Ka\ irpoiTov ye
aKovcrov to, irepl tmv Kpeoyv. KacTOi, vrj tov
Ovpavov, fcal vvv Xeycov avTa ala^vvopLaL virep
tov Ai6(;, el ovto) pLLKpoXoyo^; Kal fiefiyjri/jioipo^
ecTTiv, ft)? Slotl fXLKpov oaTOVv ev ttj fjiepihi evpe,
dvacTKoXoTncrOrjcro/jLevov Tre/HTrecv iraXaLOv ovtco
Oeov, yLA?/T€ T?}9 cTfyLt/xa^ta? /jLvrj/jiovevo-avTa /jii]Te
av TO Ti}9 opyijf; Ke^dXaiov tjXlkov ecTTlv evvorj-

TavTa Kol ft)? fjieipaKLOv to tolovtov, opyiêcrOat
/cat dyavaKTelv to fielôv avTo^ XrjyêTai.
el /jlt)
8 Ka'noL Td<; ye dirdTaf;, oi'^ppbrj, ra? ToiavTa<; avp,-

7roTt/cd<; oi/ca? ov XPV' olfiai, aTro/jLVij/jioveveiv,
dXX^ el Kai tl rj/judpTi^TaL fieTa^v evayôv/xevcov, irat-
Sidv TjyelcrOai Kal avTOv ev tw Gvpbirocriw KaTaXt-
TTelv Tr)V 6pyr)V' 69 3e Tr]v avpLov TapLieveaOai to
/iuao<; Kal jjLvrjcnKaKelv Kal ecoXov Tiva pltjvlv Sca-
^vXdTTetv, diraye, ovTe OeoL<; Trpeirov ovTe dXXa)<;
jSaaiXtKov fjv yovv dcf>eX7j t49 tmv avfMTrocnwv Ta9
KO/xylreia<; TavTa<;, aTrdTrjv Kal aKco/xfiaTa Kal to
StacnXXatveiv Kal eTriyeXdv, to KaTaXeiTro/iievov
eaTc fxeOr} Kal Kopo<; Kai cncoTrrj, aKvOpcorrd Kai
dTepTTTj irpdyfiaTa Kal rjKiCFTa (TV/jLTroaUo TrpeirovTa,
o)(TT€ eyeoye ovê fivrj/jLovevaeiv el<i ty]v vaTepaiav
250
PROMETHEUS
way and made the innovations in regard to men and
stole fire^ my accusation is sufficient and I don't
care to say any more ; to do so would be a mert
waste of words.
PROMETHEUS
Perhaps what you have said is also a waste of
words we shall see a little later
; But as you say
!
your accusation is sufficient,, I shall try as best I can

to dissipate the charges. And first let me tell you
about the meat. By Heaven, even now as I speak
of it I blush for Zeus, if he is so mean and fault-
finding as to send a prehistoric god like me to be
crucified just because he found a small bone in his
portion, without remembering how we fought side
by side or thinking how slight the ground for his
anger is and how childish it is to be angry and
enraged unless he gets the lion's share himself.
Deceptions of that sort, Hermes, occurring at table^
should not be remembered, but if a mistake is made

among people who are having a good time, it should
be considered a practical joke and one's anger should
be left behind there in the dining room. To store
up one's hatred against the morrow, to hold spite
—
and to cherish a stale grudge come, it is not seemly
for gods and in any case not kingly. Anyhow, if
dinners are deprived of these attractions, of trickery,
jokes, mockery and ridicule, all that is left is drunken-
ness, repletion and silence ; gloomy, joyless things,
all of them, not in the least appropriate to a dinner.
So I should not have thought that Zeus would even
251
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
en TovTcov Tov Ala, ov^ oiro)^ r7]\iKavTa}
(p/jLTjv
eV avrol<; ayavaKTrjcyeiv kol irdvheiva r]<yrjae(76aL

ireiTovOevai, el SLave/xcov Ti? /cpea iraihidv nva
eTratê Tree pco/aevof; el BiayvcoaeraL to êXrtov 6
aipovfievo<;.
9 TiOei 8' 6/jico<;, o) 'l^p/jtrj, to ')(a\e7ra)T€pov, jar}
rrjv iXdrTQ) fiolpav dTTGveve/jLrjKevat rco AiL ryv S'
o\7)v v<f)r)pP]a6at' TL ovv; hta rovro e^prjv, to tov
Xoyov, Trj <yfj tov ovpavhv (ivafie/jii')(Oat kol heajxa
fcai aTavpov<; kol Kav/cacrov o\ov eTrivoelv koI
deTov<; KaTairepureLV koX to rjirap eKKoXaTTTeiv;
opa yap /jlt) ttoWtjv Tiva TavTa KaTTjyopfj tov
dyavaKT0vvT0<; avTov /jLiKpoyjrvîav koI dyeveiav
Tr]<^ yvoyixrjf; koI irpo^ opyrjv evêpeuav. rj ti yap
av eTToiTjaev ovto<; oXov jSovv d7ro\ecra<;t el Kpecov
okiycov eve/ca TrjXiKavTa epydêTac;
10 KaiTOi TTOoro) 01 civOpcoTTOL €vyv(t>/uiOveaTepov Sid-
fceunai 7rp6<; to, ToiavTa, ov<; elK0<^ tjv fcal to. c?
TTjv opyyv o^VTepov^ elvai tmv Oewv; d\X oyLto)?
eKelvcov ovk ecFTiv o(ttl<^ tCo fiayeiprp crTavpov dv
Tifi7]aaiTQ, el tol /cpea eyjrwv KaOel^ tov BuktuXov
TOV ^coLLOV Ti TTepieXi'^^firjaaTO i) OTTTCofievcov aTro-
(Tirdaas ti KaTe0p6')(^di(Tev, dXXd avyyvchfJUT^v diro-
ve/uLovaiv avTol^' el he Kal iravv opycadelev, fj
fCov8vXov<; iveTpiyjrav r) KaTa K6pp7}<; eirdTaâv,

dvea KoXoirlcrOr) he ovhel<^ Trap avTol^ tmv ttjXl'
KOVTcov eve/ca.
Kat Trepl fxev tmv KpeMV Toa-avTa, al(T')(pd fxev
diToXoyelcrOai, ttoXv he alcr'^LO) KaTTjyopetv
fcd/jbol
11 eKeivcp. Trepl he Trj<; 7rXaaTLKrj<; Kal otl tou? dv-

6poo7rov<; eTrolrja-a, fcaLpo<; rjhr] Xeyeiv. tovto 8e, w
^ Tr}\iKo.vTa Cubet : koI rrfXiKavTa MSS.
252
PROMETHEUS
remember the affair until the next day, to say nothing
of taking on so about it and considering he had
been horribly treated if someone in serving meat
played a joke to see if the chooser could tell which
was the better portion.
Suppose, however, Hermes, that it was more
serious —
that instead of giving Zeus the smaller
—
portion I had abstracted the whole of it what then ?
Just because of that ought he to have mingled earth
with heaven, as the saying goes, and ought he to
conjure up irons and crosses and a whole Caucasus
and send down eagles and })ick out my liver ?
Doesn't all this accuse the angered man himself of
great pettiness and meanness of disposition and
readiness to get angry ? What would he have done
in case he had been choused out of a whole ox, if
he wreaks such mighty deeds about a little meat ?
How much more crood-natured human beinos are
about such things ! One would expect them to be
more quick to wrath than the gods, but in spite of
that there is not one among them who would
propose to crucify his cook if he dipped his finger
into the broth while the meat was boiling and
licked off a little, or if he pulled off a bit of the
roast and gobbled it up. No, they pardon them.
To be sure, if they are extremely angry, they give
them a slap or hit them over the head but among
;
them nobody was ever crucified on so trivial a

ground.
—
So much for the meat an unseemly plea for me to
make, but a far more unseemly accusation for hira to
bring and now it is time to speak of my handiwork
;
and the fact that I made men. This embodies a
253
—
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

eyov Trjv fcaTijyopLav, ovK olSa /cad
'Rp/JLT}, BiTT)}!'
ofTorepov alrtdaOe fiov, rrorepa (o<; ovSe oXo)? ixpV^

Tou? avdpco7rov(; yejova'at, aXX' afxeivov tjv arpe-
jxelv avrov<; yvjV aXXo)? 6Wa9, r) <»? TreTrXdaOat fiev
iXPV^f aXXoi^ Se rcva fcal firj tovtov BiecrxVH'^'^^'

adai Tov TpoTTOv; iyo) Be ofico^; virep afKJôtv ipo)'
Kol TrpcoTOV y€, ci)9 ovSe/jLLa rot? Oeoif; airb tovtov
,S\d/3r] yeyev7)Tai, tmv dvOpcoTrcov 69 tov ^lov
napaxOivTcov, TTeipdaopLai BeLKvveiv eiretTa he,
ct)9 KoX aufKJiepovTa koi d/jbelvco TavTa avToU irapa
TToXv rj el epr)fi7]v fcal aTrdvOpcoTTov avveâtve Tr)V

yrjv fjbevecv.
12 '}iv Toivvv irdXai —paov yap ovtco SrjXov av
yevoiTO, 66 Ti rjSiKijKa iyoo /jbeTaKoafiTâa'^ koi
vewTepLcra'i to, irepl tov<; dvdpcoTrov^; — ^v ovv to
delov fjbovov TO eirovpdvLov yevo^, y yrf he
KoX
dypiov koX dp,op(pov, vXai^; diraaa koI
Ti ^/Q/y/ia
TavTac<; dv7]/jLepot<i Xdaio<;, ovTe he ^co/jloI Oewv rj
i^6ft)9, TTOuev yap ^
;
— rj ôava ^ tj ti aXXo tolov-
Tov, ola iroXXd vvv liTravTayoOi (paiveTai
fieTa
7rda7]<; eivLfJieXeiaî TLjbbco/ieva' 670) he del ydp ti —
Trpo/SovXevci) e<; to kolvov /cal aKOirS) ottw^ av^r)-
OrjcreTai fiev to, tcov Oeojv, eirihoocrei he Kal ToXXa
irdvTa 69 fcoafjLOV Kal /cdXXoq ivevoyaa C09 d/jL€ivov—
etrj oXiyov oaov tov tttjXov XajBovTa ^wd Tiva
(TvaTTjaaadai Kal dvairXdaau Ta<; fjLop(f)a<; fievtifuv
avTO?<; irpoaeoLKOTa' Kal yap evhelv tc (pfir)v tw
deiw, fjL7] 6Vto9 TOV evavTiov avTU) Kal 7r/309
e/xeXXev rj eêTaai'^ yiyvopLevt) evhaLfxovecTTepov
^ 'yip Sommerbrodt 76 /3 Se 7.
: ;
^
^ ^6ava A.M.H. a.ya.Kfxara (^yaX/xa * N)
:
^ ^6ava {^6ayov y)
MSS. Cf. TimoH 8.
254
PROMETHEUS
twofold accusation^ Hermes, and I don't know which
—
charge you bring against me that men should not
have been created at all but would better have been
left alone as mere clay, or that they should have
been made, as far as that goes, but fashioned after
some other pattern than this. However, I shall
speak to both charges. In the first place I shall try
to show that it has done the gods no harm to bring
men into the world, and then that this is actually
advantageous, far better for them than if the earth
had happened to remain deserted and unpeopled.
There existed, then, in time gone by (for if I
begin there it will be easier to see whether I have
done any wrong in my alterations and innovations
with regard to men) there existed, as I say, only the
divine, the heavenly race. The earth was a rude
and ugly thing all shaggy with woods, and wild
woods at that, and there were no divine altars or
— —
temples how could there be ? or images or any-
thing else of the sort, though they are now to be
seen in great numbers everywhere, honoured with
every form of observance. But as I am always
planning something for the common good and con-
sidering how the condition of the gods may be
improved and everything else may increase in order
and in beauty, it occurred to me that it would be a
good idea to take a little bit of clay and create a
few living things, making them like us in appear-
ance ; for I thought that divinity was not quite
complete in the absence of its counterpart, com-
parison with which would show divinity to be the
255
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
aiTo<âiveiv avro' OvrjTov elvai tovto,
fievroi
evfjLTj-âv COT arov 8' aWa)<; teal cruvercoTaTOV /cal rov
13 l3€\Tiovo<; alcyOavofxerov. /cal Sj] Kara rbv ttoitj-
TiKov Xoyov " yaiav vSei <pvpa<;^ koI Sia/JiaXdâ^;
aviirXaaa TOv<i av6p(O7T0V<;, en /cal rrjv ÂOrjvav
7rapa/ca\ecra<; avveircXa/Seo-Oai (jlol rov epyov.
ravrd iariv a /jueydXa iyoo to 1)9 Oeou<; i^Sl/crj/ca.
Koi TO ^rj/j-Lcofia opa<; tjXlkov, el i/c TnfXov ^wa
iiTOi^lcra Kal to reco? d/civt]T0V eh /civijaiv Tjyayov
/cal, ft)9 eoi/ce, to drr^ i/celvov t^ttov 6eoi elatv ol
Seoi, hiOTi Kal eirl 7779 nva Ovr)Ta ^wa yeyev)]Tar
ovTO) yap St] /cal ayava/CTel vvv Zei)9 Mairep
iXaTTOVfievcov tmv Oecov e/c Tr)9 rwv dvOpcoTrcov
y€vecr€Ci)<^, el firj dpa tovto BeSie, /xy /cal ovtol
iiravdaTaaiv^ iii avrov ôvXevacoaL Kal iroXe-
p-ov iêviyKcoat 7rpo9 tov<; Oeov^; oiairep 01
ViyavTe<;.
'AXX' OTL ovSev i^BLKrjaOe, w 'Rpp^rj, 7rpo9
fiev St)
epôv KOI TMV tmv ipLMV, SrjXov rj av Seiôp
epycov
Kav ev TL p^LKpoTaTov, Kay CO aLwin](TopLaL Kal
14 hiKata eaop,aL ireTrovOo)'; irpb'^ v/jLMv. otl he Kal
^p7]aLp.a TavTa yeyevr\Tai roh av 6eol<;, ovtco<;
p.ddot<;, el e7n^Xe'y\reLa<^ dwaaav ttjv yrjv ovKeT
av')(jJir]pdv Kal aKaXXrj ovaav, dXXd iroXecn Kal
yecopylat^ Kal (J)Vtol<; r)p,epoi(; StaKeKoap.r)p,ev7}V Kal
TTjv OdXaTTav irXeo pievrjv Kal Ta^ vrjaov^ KaToiKov-
^.ikva^, diravTa^ôv he ^(opiovî Kal 6vaia<^ Kal i'aov<;
Kal iravr^yv peL^'
puecTTal Be Ato9 iraaai /lep dyviai,

Trdcrac 3' dvOpcoTrcov dyopai.
* 4iravd<TTa(iui' ^^ i t AUUllU . wu^âaiu MSS.

256
PROMETHEUS
happier state. This should be mortal, I thought,
but highly inventive and intelligent and able to
appreciate what was better. And then, '^ water and
earth intermingling," in the words of the poet,^ and
kneading them, moulded men, inviting Athena,
I
moreover, to give me a hand in the task. Therein
lies the great wrong I have done the gods, and you
see what the penalty is for making creatures out of
mud and imparting motion to that which was
formerly motionless. From that time on, it would
seem, the gods are less of gods because on earth a
few mortal creatures have come into being Indeed, !
Zeus is actually as angry as though the gods were

losing caste through the creation of men. Surely he
doesn't fear that they will plot an insurrection
against him and make war on the gods as the Giants
did.?
No, Hermes, that you gods have suffered no wrong
through me and my works is self-evident come, ;
show me even one wrong of the smallest sort, and I

will hold my tongue and own that I have had the
treatment that I deserved at your hands. On the
contrary, that my creation has been actually of
service to the gods you will learn if you notice that
the whole earth is no longer barren and unbeautiful
but adorned with cities and tilled lands and cultivated
plants, that the sea is sailed and the islands are
inhabited, and that everywhere there are altars and
sacrifices, temples and festivals,
" and full of God are all the streets

And all the marts of men." '^
^ Hesiocl, Works and Daij'i 61.

* Aratus, Phaenomena 2-3.
VOL. II. S
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Kai yap el fxev ifxavTw fiovco KTrj/xa tovto eifKa-
crdfjLTjv, iirXeoveKTOVv av lao)^, vvvl he eh to
KOiVQV (êpodv KareOt-jKa jjloWov Be
v/jllv avrol'^'
Ai09 fiev Kol 'AttoXXwzô? koI "Hpa? koI aov Se,
o) EpjuLj], vefi)(; ISelv a'TTavTa')(ov ecrrc, Upo/njOio)^
Se ovSa/xov. opa^; oVo)? ra epauTov p,6va (JKOirS),
TCL KOLva Be KaTaTTpoMBcopbL Koi iXdrro) ttocoj;
15 "Ert Si p,ot, 0) 'Epp,r], real roBe ivvorjaov, ec n
<JOi Bofcel d'yaOov dpbdprvpov, olov KTr]p,a i) irolrjpa
o p.TjBel'; oylrerai p,r]Be eTraLveaerai, 6p,0L(o<; rjBv koI
repTTvov eaeaOai rw eôz^ri, tovt
ttô? Brj tl
OTi p,r)
€(f)T]v; jevop,evcov rcov dvOpcoTrcov dp.dprvpov
(TVveâLve to KdXko<; elvai rcov oXcov, fcal ttXovtov
Tiva irkovry^creiv ep.eXkop.ev ovre vtt dWov Ttz/09
6avpiaa6ri(j6p,evov ovre rjpîv avroh opLOia)^ TipLLOv
ovBe yap dv et-xôpev ttô? 6 re eXarrov irapaOeco-
pcopLev avTov, ovB^ dv avvuepLev rfkiKa evBaipLovov-
pev ovx 6pcovTe<; dpboipov<^ rcov ripberepcov rivd^;'
ovTco yap to p,eya Boêtev dv piiya, el T(p
Br] /cal
pLtKpu) TrapapieTpoLTo. vp-eh Be, TLpudv eirl tw
TToXiTevpâTL T0VT(p Beov, dveaTavpco/caTe pue fcal
TavTrjv poi TTjV dp.0Ll3r)v diroBeBco/caTe tov ôvXev-
pLaTo<;.
16 ÂXXd KaKovpyoi rtre?, <^?;9, iv avToh fcal
pLOf)(evovaL Kal iroXepovcn Kal dBeX(f)a<; yapovai
Kal iraTpdaLV iTTL/BovXevouat. irap' r)p,LV yap
oifX) ttoXXt] tovtcov dcÔovia; Kal ov BrjTrov Bed
TOVTO alTidaaiT dv Tt9 tov Ovpavbv Kal ttjv TrjV,
OTt r)pLd<; avve(TT7]aavT0. €tc Kal tovto l(tco<=; (j)aLrj<i
dv, OTC dvdyKT) iroXXd rjpLd<; e^^LV irpdypâTa ein-
p,eXovpLevou(; avTcov. ovkovv Bid ye tovto Kau
258
—
PROMETHEUS
If I had made men to keep j ust for myself, 1 should
be no doubt but as the case stands I have
selfish^ ;
contributed them to the o;eneral fund for vour

benefit. In fact, there are temples to Zeus, to Apollo,
to Hera and to you, Hermes, in sight everywhere,
but nowhere any to Prometheus. You see how I
look out for my own interests, but betray and injure
those of the community !
Moreover, Hermes, please consider this point too

do you think that any choice thing unattested,
something that you get or make, for instance, Avhich
nobody is going to see or to praise, will give quite as
much joy and pleasure to its owner ? Why did 1
ask that question ? Because if men had not been
created, it would follow that the beauty of the
universe would be unattested and it would be our'
lot to possess wealth, so to speak, which no one else
would admire and we ourselves would not prize so'
highly for we should have nothing else to compare
;
it with, and we should not realise how happy we
were if we did not see others who did not have what
we have. What is great, you know, can only seem
great if it is gauged by something small. You should
have honoured me for that stroke of policy, but you
have crucified me and have given me this return for
my plan.
But there are rascals, you say, among them, and
they commit adultery and make war and marry tiieir
sisters and plot against their fathers. Why, are
there not plenty of them among us ? Yet, of course,
one could not on this account blame Heaven and
Earth for creating us. Again, you may perhaps say
that we have to undergo a great deal of annoyance
in taking care of them. Well, then, on that principle
•^59
s 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
vo[i£v^ a')(6e(jdco eVl rw ^X^^^ '^V^ ayeXrjv, Biori
avay/calov avrw eTrc/jieXetaOai avrrj^. KairoL to 76
epycoSe'; tovto koI r]hv' dWcof; ^ koI rj (ppovrlf; ov/c
aT€p7T7]<^ e')(pvad Tiva tl yap av
Scarpcîjv. tj
iirpdrrofiev ovk e%oz/T6? a>v povoov fxev tovtcov;ir
rjpyovfiev av Kal to veKrap eirivofjiev Kal tt}^

17 (ifJL^poaia<^ iv6(f)Opov/ji€6a ovSev TTOiovvre^. o he
/jLoXicrrd fxe irviyei tout iariv, on /xefKpo/ievoL
TrjV dvOpcoiTOiTOLiav Kal fxaXiaTd ye ra? yvva^Ka^
ofxod^ ipare avrcov Kal ov ScaXeiTreTe Kanovre^;,
dpTi jxev Tavpoi, dpri Se adrvpot, Kal kvkvoc
yevofjtevoc, Kal Oeovî e'f avrcov TroielcrOai d^Lovre.
'AX.X' e)(p7]v fjiev, Xaco<^ <j)r)<jei^y dvaireTrXdcrOaL
Tov^ dvOpcoTTOv;, ciWov Be riva TpoTVOV, pur] dWd
rjfiiv ioLKorav Kal ri av dXko irapdheiypâ tovtov
d/jLCLvov 7rpo€aT7]adjuir]v, o 7rdvTCd<; KaXov rjiri-
crTdpir)v; rj davverov Kal 6r}pL(7)Se<; eSei, Kal ciypcov

direpydcrao-Oai to ^(pov; Kal 7ra)<; av rj 6eot<;
edvaav rj Ta? dWa(; v/mv rcfia'^ aTreveipâv ov')(l
TOLOVTOL yevofievoi; dWd

u/xet?, OTaz^ jnev vplv Ta?
eKaropLâ^; irpoadycoai-v, ovk oKvelre, kclv iirl rov
^0,K€avov iXOelv Ber) " pLST dpLvpuova^; Aldioirijaf;'^
Tov Be Tcov Tip,cov vf-ilv Kal TMv Ovcncbv aUTLOV
dvearav pooKare.
Yiepl fiev ovv tcjv dvdpcoTrcov Kai ravra iKavd.
18 TjBr] Be Kal iirl to irvp, el BoKec, p,eTetfu Kal rrjv
eiroveiBLarcv ravrrjv KXoirrjv. Kal 77/909 OeMV
TOVTO puoL dTToKpivai piTiBev oKvridav eaO 6 tl
r]pLel<; tov Trvpo^ diroXwXeKap^v, e^ ov Kal Trap
dv6po)7roL^ ecTTLv; ovk dv eliroi^;. avTrj ydp, olpuai,

4>vai<; TOVTovl tov KT/]piaT0<;, ovBev tl eXaTTOV
^ Text corrupt. I translate as if it read /cal 2a<w;.
260
!
PROMETHEUS
the herdsman ought to be vexed over having his herd
because he has to take care of it. But this toilsome
task is also sweety and, in general, business is not de-
void of pleasure, for it affords occupation. Why, what
should we do if we had not them to provide for ? Be
idle and drink our nectar and eat our ambrosia with-
out doing anything ! But what sticks in my throat
most is that although you censure me for making
men " and particularly the women," you fall in love
with them just the same, and are always going down
below, transformed now into bulls, now into satyrs
and swans, and you deign to beget gods upon
them
Perhaps, however, you will say that men should
have been made, but in some other form and not like
us. What better model could I have put before
myself than this, which I knew to be beautiful in
every way ? Should I have made my creatures
unintelligent and bestial and savage ? Why, how
could they have sacrificed to gods or bestowed all
the other honours upon you if they were not as
they are ? You gods do not hang back when they
bring you the hecatombs, even if you have to go to
the river of Ocean, " to the Ethiopians guileless,"^ yet
you have crucified him who procured you your
honours and your sacrifices.
So much for men and now, it you wish, I shall
;
pass to fire and that reprehensible theft In the

!
name of the gods answer me this question without

any hesitation have we lost any fire since men
;
have had it too ? You can't say that we have.

The nature of that possession is such, I suppose,
that it is not diminished if anyone else takes some
i
Iliad 1, 423.
261
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
yiyverai, el Kai Ti9 aWo<; avrov fieraXdffor ov
yap aTroaêvpvrai, ivavcrafievov Tiv6<;' (f)d6vo<; Be
Brj avTLfcpv^ TO tolovto, a<^' a)v /jirjSev v/ielf;
TjBiKTjaOe, TovTcov KcoXveiv fieraSLBovai roL(; Eeo-
fievoL^. KaiTOL Oeov<; ye ovTa^ dyaOov^ elvai '^(pr)
Kol " hwTTjpa^ edo)v " Kal e^co (f)06vov nravTo^
ecrrdvaL' oirov ye Kal el to Trdv tovto wvp v(f)e\6-
fxevo<i KareKofjLLG-a €9 ttjv yrjv firjS' oX,&)9 ri avrov
KaraXiTTcov, ov fieydXa v/id'^ rjhiKovv ovhev yap
v/jLet^y BelaOe avrov /iijre piyovvre<; fir^re eyjrovref;
rrjv d/jLfSpoaiav fnjre (f)coro<; eiTire^vrirov Seofievot.
19 ol Be dvOpojTTOL Kal eh rd dWa
fiev dvayKaiM
y^pcavrai rw Trvpi, fidXcara Be e? ra? Ovaia^;, 07r&)9
eyôiep Kviadv ra? dyvia^ Kal rod XLâvcorov
OvfJiidv Kal rd firfpua Kaieiv errl rcov ây/iMV. opco
Be ye v[xd<; jidXtara ')âipovra^ rw Karrvw Kal rrjv
evwyîav ravrrjv tjBicrrTjv olofievov^;, orrorav eh rov
oupavov r) Kvlaa Trapayevrjrac " ekiaa-ofievr} irepl
Kairvcpy evavrLcordrvj roivvv rj /jLe/x'^cf; avrrj dv
yevoiro rfj v/xerepa iTTidvfiia. Oavjid^w Be o'jrcof;
ov')(l Kal rov rjXiov KeKcoXvKare KaraXdfiTreLV
aprov<;' Kairot irvp Kal ovro^ ean iroXv Oeiorepov
re Kal rrvpcoBearepov. r) KUKelvov aindaOe co?
crrraOoivra vficdv ro Krrjfia;
KiprjKa. acficb Be, o) ^Kpfjui] Kal ll(paL(Tre, ec ri
'
fit) KaX(t)<; elprjaOai BoKel, Bievdvvere Kal eêXey-
^êre/ Kdyo) avOi^ drroXoyrjcrofiai,
EPMH2
20 Ol' pdBiOv, c5 Hpo/jL7]0ev, tt/ô? ovro) yevvalov
d/jLiXXdaOai'
(ro<pt(Tr7]v rrXrjv dXXa wvrjao, Biori
^ il^KfyX^Tf Mehler; SieKeyx^T^t Si€fc\(yx(T( MSS.

262
PROMETHEUS
of it^ for it does not go out when a light is procured
from it. But surely it is downright stinginess to

prevent things from being shared with those who
need them when it does you no harm to share them.
Inasmuch as you are gods^ you ought to be kindly
and " bestowers of blessings " ^ and to stand aloof
from all stinginess. In this case even if I had filched
all your fire and taken it down to earth without
leaving a bit of it behind, I should not be guilty
of any great wrong-doing against you, for you your-
selves have no need of it, as you do not get cold and
do not cook your ambrosia and do not require artifi-
cial light. On the other hand, men are obliged to
use fire, not only for other purposes but above all for
the sacrifices, in order that they may be able " to fill
the ways with savour" and to burn incense and con-
sume meat on the altars. Indeed, I notice that you
all take particular pleasure in the smoke and think it
the most delightful of banquets when the savour
comes up to heaven "curling about the smoke."^
This criticism, therefore, is directly opposed to your
own desire. I wonder, moreover, that you haven't
prevented the sun from shining on men, for he is fire
too, and of a far more divine and ardent sort. Do
you find fault with him for dissipating your property?
I have said my sacy. Now then, Hermes and
Hephaestus, if you think I have said anything Avrong
take me to task and confute me, and I will plead in
reply.
HERMES
not an easy matter, Prometheus, to rival such
It is
an accomplished sophist. You are lucky, however.
1 Od. 8, 325. 2 iii^fi ]^ 317,
i6 o
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
fir] KalZeu? ravra eirrjKOvae aov €v yap olBa,
6
i/CKalSefca^ yv7ra<; av eTreaTrjcre aov ra eyKara
eâiprjaovraf;' ovtm S€lvco<; avrov KaTT}y6pr}/ca<;
airoKoyeldO ai ôko)v. iicelvo he ye davfid^co, otto)?
ov IT poeyiyvcdo-Ke^ eVl tovtol<; KoXaadrf-
/jidvTC^ oiv
nPOMH0ET5
Îl7ncrTdfir)v, o) ^^pfjuij, Kal on
Kol ravra fiev
diTokvOrjGOiJLai avOt<; olha, ye Tf? €K
Kal ijSr)
07;/3a)^' dcprêrai (Jo? dS€\<l)o<^ ovk 6i9 fiaKpav
Kararoêvacov ov (j)r]<; eTnirrrjaeaOai fioL rov derbv.
EPMH2
Et yap yevoiro, w Upofiijdev, ravra Kal eTTiSoc/jbi
ere XeXvjjbevov, Koivfj avv i)ixlv evcoxov/jLeuov, ov
/jbivroL Kal KpeavojLcovvrd ye.
nPOMH0ET2
21 Sdpper Kal crvvevco)(^7Jcro/jLac vfxlv Kal 6 Zei;?
Xvaec fxe ovk dvrl piLKpd^ evepyeaia<;.
EPMH2
Tti/09 ravTT]^; fir) yap 6Kvrjar)<; elirelv,
nPOP-lH0ET2
OlaOa, 0) ri^v Seriv;
'Epfirj, aXV ov XPV
XeyeiV (jyvXdrreiv yap dfietvov ro drropprjroVy 009
p,ia$o<; €L7} Kal Xvrpa fioi dvrl rrj's KaraSiKr]^.
EPMH2
'AWo, (f)v\arre, o) Tirdv, el rovr dfieLvov.
r)fji€L<; Se dTTLCDfiev, w " llcfiatcrre' Kal yap rjhr)
'7TXr)(Ti0V ovrocrl 6 dero'^. virofieve ovv Kaprepoof;*
€07] Se ye r]hr] aoi rov Sr]0alov ov (pr]<; roôrrjv
iiTLcjyavrjvai, 0)9 iravaeie ae dvarefivofievov viro rov
opveov.
1 CKKalScKa Dindoif ; 6| koi Se'.-fo MSS.
264
^ !
PROMETHEUS
that Zeus did not hear you say all this, for I am
very sure he would have set sixteen vultures upon
you to pull out your vitals_, so eloquently did you
accuse him in seeming to defend yourself. But I
am surprised that as you are a prophet you did not
know in advance that you would be punished for all
this.
PROMETHEUS
I did know it, Hermes, and I also know that
I be set free again before long someone will
shall ;
come from Thebes, a brother of yours,^ to shoot

down the eagle which you say will fly to me.
HERMES
I hope so, Prometheus, and I hope to see you at
large, feasting with us all —but not ser\ ing our meat
PROMETHEUS
Never fear, I shall feast with you, and Zeus will
set me free in return for a considerable favour.
HERMES
What favour "^
Don't hesitate to tell us.
PROMETHEUS
You know Thetis, Hermes ? —but I must not tell.
It is best to keep the secret, so that I may be
rewarded and set free instead of being sentenced.
HERMES
Why, keep if it is best that way.
it. Titan, Let's
be going, Hephaestus, for here is the eagle close by.
[To Prometheus.) Well, hold out stubbornly. I
hope the Theban archer you speak of will soon
disclose himself to you, to stop you from being
dissected by the bird.
^ Heracles.
2 The secret is told in Dialogues of the Gods, 5.
265
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE
SKY-MAN
Menippus tells a friend how he has frustrated the philo-
sophers by flying up to Heaven and finding out that evêry-
thing there was just as the poets had said. The satire is
directed not only at the placita of the philosophers but at
the conception of the average man, voiced in poetry and
pragmatically sanctioned, so to speak, by the Stoics ; and
it also aims a particular thrust at the mysteries of the
Mithras-cult. From the standpoint of the writer and the
reader, what Menippus brings back is nothing but moon-
shine, and that is perhaps why he is compared with Icarus
and not Daedalus in the title Icaromenippiis.
There is reason to think that Lucian found something of
this sort among the writings of Menippus and used it freely.
The readings from the margin of r noted on pages 300,
304, 308, 316 and 318 are not, I think, interpolations, but
genuine $ readings which are not preserved elsewhere
because B, the best MS. of that group, does not contain this
piece. Marginalia by the same early hand in other pieces
belong to the & tradition, and the y tradition is notably rife
with omissions of just this sort. They are not noted by
Sommerbrodt, and as far as I know have never before
appeared in print.
IKAPOMENlIinOS H THEPNEÊAOX
MENinno2
OvKOVV rpKTX'^XLOi fiev rjaav airo 71)9 arahiOL
ae\y]vr)v, tt/Ocoto? i)filv(JTa6fi6^'
jjLEXP^ TT/OO? rr)v
rovvrevOev Se irrl rov rfktov dvo) irapaaayyai ttov
irevraKoo-ior to he a-rro tovtov e?avrov i]Sri rov
ovpavov Kal rrjv afcpoiroXiV rrjv rov Ato? avoho^
ical ravia yevoir av ^ ev^covcp aerch jxLd<; r)fi€pa<i.
ETAIP02
Tfc ravra irpo^ Xaplreov, w MevLTTTre, aarpovo-
ixel^ Kal r](TVxn '^^^
ava/JLeTpet^; irdXai yap lira-
Kpooijiai GOV 7rapaKo\ov6(ov r)Xiov^ fcal aeXrjva^,
ert he ra ôpriKcu ravra aradpiov^ riva^ Kal irapa-
adyya<; v7TOêviôvro<;,
MENinnos
M^ Oavjxdai]^, w/nerewpaKal hiaepia
kralpe, el
hoKM ooi XaXetv to KecpaXaiov yap 3^ irpk

ifiavTOV dvaXoyiôfMai r7J<; evayxo^ dirohrjp.ia^.
ETAIP02
EtTtt, wyade, KaOdirep ol ÔLViKe^ darpoi^
ireKfialpov rr}v oSov;
MENinnos
dXX! ev avroL^ TOt? darpoL<; iiroi-
Ov /jLCi H^luy
ov/jLfjv rrjV dirohr^fxiav.
^ yivoLT' h.v Dindorf : yivono MSS.
268
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE
SKY-MAN
MENIPPUS
It was three thousand furlongs, then, from the
dearth to the moon, my first stage and from there up
;
to the sun perhaps five hundred leagues and from ;
the sun to Heaven itself and the citadel of Zeus

would be also a day's ascent for an eagle travelling
light.
FRIEND
In the name of the Liberal Arts, Menippus, why
are you playing astronomer and surveyor on the
quiet like that ? For a long time I have been
following 3'ou about and listening to your outlandish
talk about suns and moons and even those outworn
topics, stages and leagues.
MENIPPUS
Don't be surprised, my friend, if my talk seems to
you to be up in the air and flighty I am just ;
figuring up the total length of my recent journey.

FRIEND
So you did like the Phoenicians, old chap, and
guessed your way by the stars 'f
MENIPPUS
No indeed, I made my journey right among the
stars.
269
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ETAIP02
H/3a/cXet9, /jLUKpov riva rov oveipov XiycL^;, et ye
(TavTOv eXaê? KaraKOifirjOelf; 7rapacrd'yya<i 6\ov<;.
MENinno2
"Oveipov yap, w rdv, 8okco o-ql Xeyeiv 09 a'pricoî
dcply/xat irapa rov Ato?;
ETAIP02
riw? €(j)T](T6a; yievLTTTTo^ r]piiv otOTTerr}^ irdpecrriv
i^ ovpavov;
MENinno2
Kat iir]V iyct) aoi irap avrov ifceivov rov irdvv
Alo^; 7JKC0 TifjjjLepov OavfiaGLa kol a/coucra? kol IBcov
el Se aTTLdTel^y real avro tovto virepevcppaivofiaL

TO irepa TTLarecoî evrvxêtv.
ETAIP05
Kal TTco? av ^ w deairecne kol ÔXvjiiTne
eycoye,
Mez^tTTTre, yevvrjTo<; avTo<; /cal iiriyeto^; cov dTncrreLv
SuvalfjLTjv V7r6pv6(f)i\(p dvSpl /cal Iva /ca9^ "Ofxripov
€L7rco TMV Ovpavicovcov evi; dW
eKslvd fioL cfypdaov,
el So/cel, riva rpoirov fjpOri'^ dvco koI oirodev eiTo-
pLcrco fcXi/xaKa TrfkLKavrn^v to fMeyeOo<;; rd fjuev yap
dfKpl rr]v oy^riv ov irdvv eoiKa'^ eKeivw rw ^pvyi,

Mare r)fid(; elKdêiv Kal ae OLVO')(ôi]crovTd irov
'"
dvapTTaarov yeyovevai irpo^ rod deTOv.
MENinno2
û TrdXat o-kcotttcdv Sr/Xo? el, Kal Oavpia-
fiev
aTOV ovSev et aoi to irapdSoôv tov \6yov pLv6(p
SoKei TrpocTcêpe^. drdp ovSev iSerjcre fioi rcpo^ tijv
dvoBov ovTe TT}^ K\ipa/co<; ovTe TraihiKd yeveaOat
TOV deTOV' ol/cela yap rjv fioi ra TTTepd,
1 tiu Belin (le Ballou : not in MSS.
^ ijfjLcis ed. princeps : /cal ijfias MSS.
270
ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN
FRIEND
Great Heracles That's a long; dream you are
!
talking of, if you actually lost yourself and slept for

leagues and leagues I
MEMPPUS
Dream^ man Do you think I'm telling you a
I
dream ? I am just back from a visit to Zeus.

FRIEND
What's that you say ? Menippus here from
Heaven, dropt from the clouds ?
MENIPPUS
Here I am,you, just come back to-day from
I tell
the very presence of your great Zeus himself, and I
have seen and heard wonderful things. If you don't
believe me, I am overjoyed precisely because my
good luck is beyond belief.
FRIEND
Why, my divine Menippus, my Olympian Menippus,
how can a mortal groundling like myself disbelieve
—
a sky-man in fact, to use the words of Homer, a
son of Heaven ? ^ But tell me, please, how you
were carried aloft, and where you got so long a
ladder for as far as looks go you are too little like
;
the lad of Phrygia for us to suppose that, like him,

you were snatched up by the eagle to become a cup-
bearer. ^
MENIPPUS
You have been making fun of me this long
clearly
time, and it is no wonder you think that my strange
story is like a fciiry-tale. However, I had no need
of your ladder for my ascent, nor yet to become the
eagle's pet, for I had ^vings of my own.
1 Iliad 5, 373 ; 898.
* The reference is to the story of Ganj-mede.
271
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ETAIP02
TovTO /JL€V rjhr] koI virep tov AaiSaXov e^r^crOa,
K0\0l0y6V0/X€V0'i.

MENinnos
'0/D^W9, &) iralpe, fcal ovrc airo aKoirov ecKaaa^'
TO AaiSaXeiov yap ifcecuo aot^Laixa roiv irrepchv
KoX avTO^ ifiTjâvTjcrd/jLrjv.
ETAIP02
Etra, CO roX/JLrjpoTare iravrcov, ovk cceSot/cei? firj
Kol Gv TTov T^9 6a\dTT7}<; /caTUTreacov ^levLTTirecov
TC iriXayo^ rj/julv MaTrep to îKdpiov aTTOêi^rj^ iirl
Tw o-eafToO ovo/jLari;
MENinnos
OuSa/AW9* fiev yap "Ifcapo^ are /crjpa> ttjv irre-
peoaiv r)pfjioafjb6VO<;, eireihr] rdîara 7rpo<y tov ijXcov
€KeLVo<; iraKi], irrepoppurjaa^; etA;oTft>9 KaTeireaev
rjfilv Be dKTjpoiTa rjv rd cdKvirrepa.
ETAIP02
nw9 Xeyei^ ; tjBt] yap ovk o23' 077609 rjpefia fie
irpocrdyeiî iTpb<; rrjv dXrjdeiav t% hirjyrjaew^.
MENinno2
'^nSe 770)9* derov eufxeyeOrj avWa^cov, en Be
yvira tmv fcaprepMU, dirorep^cDv avTal<; u)\evaL<^ rd
iTTepd —
pudXkov Be /cal irdcrav e^ dp^P}<; rrjv eiri-
voiaVy €c croc aôXv, Bieifii,
ETAIP02
TLdvv fxev ovv &)9 670) aoi jxerewpoî elfii
VTTO T(OV XoyCOV Kal 77/309 TO T6\09 ^Bj] Ke^V^CL T^9
dKpodae(o<^' firjBe 77/309 ^lXlov /jue TrepUByf; dpco
TTOV TTjf; Bcrjyrjaeco^; e/c loiv corcop dTrTjpTrjfievov.
272
FRIEND
You have improved on Daedalus^ by what you say,
if over and above you have turned from a
all else,
man to a hawk or a crow witliout our knowing it.
MENIPPUS
Your guess is well-aimed, my friend, and hits the
bull's-eye ; for I myself constructed wings, patterned
after Daedalus' clever invention.
FRIEND
Of the foolhardy men in the world
all Then !
you weren't afraid you would fall into the water

somewhere and give us a Menippean Sea named
after yourself, to match the Icarian ?
MENIPPUS
Not at all Icarus had his feathers fitted on with
;
wax, and so just as soon as that melted in the

sun he shed his plumage, of course, and fell down ;
but my wings were innocent of wax.

FRIEND
What do you mean ? For by now, somehow or
other, vou are graduallv inclining me to believe in
the truth of your story.
MENIPPUS
This is what I mean
taking a good large eagle
;
and also a strong vulture and cutting off tlieir wings,

joints and all —
but I'll tell you the whole scheme
from first to last, if you have time.
FRIEND
By all means ; here I am in suspense, thanks to
what you have said, and already waiting with open
mouth for the end of your tale. In the name of
Friendship, don't leave me hanging by the ears
somewhere in the midst of the story.
273
VOL. II. T
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
MENinnos
"AKove Toivvv yap aajelov ye to Oeafxa
01)
Ke')(r)v6Ta <î\ov iyKaToXiTrelv, koX ravra o)? av

<^r;9 CK TU)V MTcov aTTTjprrj/jLevov.
Êiyo) yap Ta^îcrra iêrd^cov ra Kara
eTrecor]
TOP piov yeXota /cal Taireiva Kal aêâta ra
avOpcoTTiva Travra evpiaKov, ttXovtov; \eyco Kal
cip')(a<^ Kal Bwaareia';, KaTa<^povi]aa^ avrcov Kal
TTjv irepl ravra aiTovhrjv acjypXlav rSiv aXijOcof;

cnrovhaicov viroXa^cov avaKvirreiv re Kal rrpo^ ro
irdv aTTO^Xerreiv 67r€Lpcop,7)V' Kal [lOi ivravOa iroX-
Xrjv nva irapel'ê rrjv airopiav npcorov fiev avro<;
ovro<i 6 vTTo ro)v aocpwv Ka\ov[ievo^ Kocrfio^' ov
yap elyov evpelv ov6^ oirco^^ iyevero ovre rov
crjiJbLOvpyov ovre apyrjv ovO^ 6 n
ro re\o<^ iarlv
avrov. €7T€ira Se Kara fiepo'^ lirLaKoirSiv ttoXv
fiaXXov arropelv rjvayKaôfirjv rov<; re yap aare-
pa<; ecopcov &)? erv^^ ôv ovpavov hieppLfiiievov^ Kal
rov ifkiov avrov ri rrore rjv apa eiroOovv elSevar
/xaktara Se ra Kara r7]v aeXrjvTjv aroird fioi Kai
rravr€\(o<; irapdSoâ Karecâivero, Kal ro rroXvetBe';
avrrj<; roov G-)(r)/jbdrcov diropprfrov nva rrjv ainav
eêiv eSoKifiaôv. firjv ov aXXa Kal
darparrrj Biat-
âora Kal ^povrr) Karappayelaa Kal vero^ rj %t(wj/
7] ')(aXaâ Kareve')(6el<ja Kal ravra SvaeiKaara
Trdvra Kal dreKfJiapra rjv.
OvKovv eTTeihrjirep ovrco SieKel/jLrjv, apiarov elvac
vireXdfi/Savov irapd rcov (piXocrocfycov rovrcov ravra
eKaara eK/iaOelv Mfirfv yap cKelvov^ ye irdaav ^
6)(eLV dv elirelv rrjv dXrjOeiav. ovrco Be rov<; dpi-
arov<; iiriXe^d/jLeva avrMv, 009 ev7]v reKfjui^paadat
1 76 iraffav Fritzsche : vaaiv 76 MSS.
274
MENIPPUS
Listen then, for a friend left in the lurch with his
mouth open would be anything but a pretty spectacle,
especially if he were hanging by the ears, as you say
you are.
As soon as I began to find, in the course of my
investigation of life, that all objects of human
endeavour are ridiculous and trivial and insecure
(wealth, I mean, and office and sovereign power),
contemning those things and assuming that the
effort to get them was an obstacle to getting things
truly worth effort, I undertook to lift my eyes and
contemplate the universe. In so doing I was caused
great perplexity, first of all by what the philosophers
call the Cosmos, for I could not discover how it came
into being or who made it, or its source or purpose.
Then in examining it part by part I was compelled
to rack my brains more, for I saw the stars
still
scattered hap-hazard about the sky, and I wanted to

know what the sun itself could be. Above all, the
peculiarities of the moon seemed to me extraordinarv
and completely paradoxical, and I conjectured that
her multiplicity of shapes had some hidden reason.
More than that, lightning flashing and thunder
crashing and rain or snow or hail driving down were
all hard to interpret and impossible to reason out.
Being in that state of mind, I thought it best to
learn about all these points from the philosophers,
for I supposed that they surely would be able to tell
the whole truth. So I picked out the best of them,
as far as I could judge from their dourness of visage,
275
r 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TrpoacoTTov re aKvOpcoTrorrjri koL 'xp6a<; oyx^poTrjrc
KoX yeveiov /3a6vrr}TL —fiaXa yap vyfrayopai ri,v6<;
Kol ovpavoyvco/jiov6<^ ol dvSpe<i avruKa [lot kutg-

(^dvrjaav — tovtol's iy')(€ipL(Ta<; ifiavrov kol av^vov
dpyvpiov TO fiev avToOev 7]Srj fcarajSaXcov, to Be
elaav6i<; aTroScocreiv iirl /cecpaXauw r?}? ao(pLa<;
8t,o/jLo\oyr}ad/j,evo(i, rj^lovv fieTecopoXia-^T]^ re SiSd-
(TKeadac koI oXwv StaKOcr/MijaLv KUTa-
tyjv tcov
fiaOelv. ol he toctovtov dpa eSerjcrdv /xe tt}? TrdXaid^
eKeiVT]<; dyvoia<; uTTaWdâL, cocrre fcal ci? /ieLôv<;
d'7ropLa<; (êpovTe<^ ive/3a\ov, dp^d'^ Tiva<; koI TeXr)
fcal aTo/jLOVf; /cal Keva kol v\a<; koI I8ea<; /cal ra
TOtavTa oarjiiepai jjlov KaTaykovTe'^. o he irdvTwv
ejjLOL yovv^ eSo/cei âXeTrcoTaroi^, otl iirjheu dT€po<;
daTepw \eyovTe<i d/c6\ov6ov dWa ixa-ôfieva TrdvTa
Koi vrrevavTia, TreiOeaOaL re fie rjîovv /cal
o/jLoof;
TTô? TOP avTOV \oyov eKaaTo^ virdyeiv eireLpSyvTO.

ETAIP02
^'Atottov \eyei^, el aocpol ovTe^ ol dvhpe<; eara-
aiaôv TTpo<^ avTOv^ irepl TOiv Xoycov kol ov to,
avTU Tvepl TCOV auTcov ehoâôv.
MENinnos
Kal fiyjv, w eTolpe, yeXdcrrf aKOvaa^ ti]v tc
dXaôveiav avTwv /cal tt-jv evTOL<^\6yoi<; TepaTOvp-
ylav, ol ye irpMTa /mev eirl yfj^; /Be^rjKOTe*; Kal
TO)v â/ial €p)(ôjuievcov tj/jumv v7repe)(ôvTe<;,
fjirjhev
dX)C ovhe o^vTepov tov irXrjaiov Sehop/coTe<;, evioi

he Kal V7rb y)]pco<; r) dpyia<^ d/j,l3\uc0TT0VTe<;, o/xcof;
ovpavov Te irepaTa hiopdv ecpaa/cov Kal tov i'jXiov

^ yovv Fritzsche :
5' olu MSS.
276
paleness of complexion and length of beard and as
;
fhe gentlemen at once struck me as being extremely

tall talkers and high thinkers, I put myself in their
hands, paying down part of a good round sum on
the spot and contracting to pay the balance later,
on completion of my course in philosophy and
;
then I expected to be taught how to hold forth

on the Heavens and to learn the system of the
universe. But they were so far from ridding me of
my old-time ignorance that they plunged me forth-
with into even greater perplexities by flooding me
every day with first causes, final causes, atoms, voids,
elements, concepts, and all that sort of thing. But
the hardest part of it all, in my opinion at least, was
that although no one of them agreed with anyone
else in anything he said, but all their statements
were contradictory and inconsistent, they neverthe-
less expected to persuade me and each tried to win
me over to his own doctrine.
FRIEND
Extraordinary that learned men quarrelled with
each other about their doctrines and did not hold
the same views about the same things !
MEN FPUS
I
Indeed, my friend, it make you laugh to hear

will
about the way they bragged and worked wonders
in their talk! Why, in the first place, they stood
on the ground and were not a bit better than the
rest of us who walk the earth in fact, they were
;
not even sharper sighted than their neighbours, but

some of them were actually purblind through age or
idleness. In spite of that, however, they claimed to
discern the boundaries of Heaven, they measured
277
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Trepce/JieTpovv fcal toI(; virep rrjv aeXrjvr^v eirelBd'
revov zeal oyairep i/c tmv dcrripcov /caTaTreaovref;

fieyedy] le avrcov Ste^yeaav, kol 7roWd/cL<;, el
rv')(pij firjBe oiroaoL ardScoc M.eyap6d€v ÂOrjvaî

elcriv dKpcâ)<; iinardixevoi to fiera^v t?)9 (reXrjvrjf;
Kol Tov rfkiov ')(cdpiov oiTOGWv etrj irrj^cov to

fjii<ye6o<; eToX/icov "XeyeLv, depo^; re vyfrrj fcal 6a\dT-
T?79 ^dOrj KOL yrj<^ nrepLohov^ dva/jL6TpovvT€<;, ert
Be kvk\ov<; KaTaypd(f)0VTe<; /cat Tptycova eirX
TeTpaycovoL<; hiaa')(rjixaTiôvTe^ koI (7(paipa<; Tivd<;

iroifCiXa^ TOV ovpavov hr)6ev avTov eTTifieTpovvTef^.
"ETretra Be fcdfcelvo ttco? ovk dyvcofiov avTcop

Kol 7ravT€\(o<; TeTv^cofievov to irepl tmv ovtco^;
dByXcov XeyovTa<; /JiTjBev &)? el/cd^0VTa<; dirocfyai-
veaOaL, a\X' viTepBiaTeiveaOai re koi firjBe/niav
T0fc9 aX\oi<; v7Tepô\r]V dTroXc/jLirdveLV, fiovovovyl

Btofivvfievov^; jivBpov fjiev elvai tov tjXlov, kutol-
Keca-dat Be ttjv aeXrjvqv, vBaToiroTelv Be tou?
ddTepa^ TOV rfXiov KaOdirep IfMOVia tlvl ttjv
l/c/JbdBa €K tt)? 6a\dTTri<; dvaaircovTOf; /cal diraaiv

avTOL<; TO TTOTov e^?}? Biave/jL0VT0<;.
Trjv fiev yap evavTLOTrjTa tcjv \6ycov oirocrr]
pdBiov KaTajxaOelv. koX GKoirei 7rpb<; Aô?, el
ev yetTovcov €(ttI t<x Boy/iaTa koX firj TrdfiTroXv

BieaTrjKOTa' irpcoTa fJiev yap avTolf; rj irepl tov
KocTiiov yixofjLrj Bi.d<ôpo<^, el ye rot? fiev dyevvr]TG<;
278
the sun^ they visited the spheres beyond the moon^
and you would have thought they had fallen from
the stars from the way they told about their
magnitudes and presumed to say just how many
cubits it is in distance from the sun to the moon,
often, perhaps, without even knowing how many
furlongs it is from Megara to Athens. And not only
did they measure the height of the air and the depth
of the sea and the circumference of the earth, but by
the description of circles and the construction of
triangles on squares and of multiple spheres they
actually measured out the cubic content of the
Heavens.^
Moreover, was it net silly and completely absurd
that when they were talking about things so un-
certain they did not make a single assertion
hypothetically but were vehement in their insistence
and gave the rest no chance to outdo them in
exaggeration all but swearing that the sun is a mass
;
of molten metal, that the moon is inhabited, and

that the stars drink water, the sun drawing up the
moisture from the sea with a rope and bucket, as it
were, and distributing the beverage to all of them
in order ?
As for the contradictory nature of their theories,

that is easy to appreciate. Just see for yourself, in
Heaven's name, whether their doctrines are akin and
not widely divergent. First of all, there is their
difference of opinion about the universe. Some
^ I know of nothing that illustrates Lucian's meaning
better than the Psammites, a treatise bj Archimedes, which,
however, is not exactly an attempt to measure the cubic
capacity of the universe, but a demonstration that it is
possible to express arithmetically a sum greater than the
number of grains of sand in a sphere as large as the universe.
279
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
re Koi avoaXeOpo<^ elvat SoKel, ol he Koi rov
Srjfiiovpyov avrov koX tt]<; KaTa(TKevrj<^ rov rpoirov
elirelv iroX/jirjaav' ov^ koX /xdXiara eOavfJiaôv
Oeov fxev riva T€)(yiT7]v roiv oXcdv icfîorravra^, ov
iTpoaTi6evTa<; Be ovre 66ev ^'jkcov ovre ottov earo)^
eKacrra ireKraivero, Kairoi irpo ye Trj<; rov iravro^
yevea€CL)<; aSvvarov /cat 'x^povov koi tottov eirtvoelv,
ETAIP05
M.d\a TLvd<;y w Me^'t7^7ê, ToXfii]Ta<; koI Oav/jia-
TOTTOtOL'? dvSpa<^ \eyei<i.
MENinno2
Tt 8 el dicovaeia'^y o) Oavfjudaie, irepi re ISecov
Koi dcrcofjidTQyv a SLeêpôvrai rj tov<; irepl rov
ireparo^ re koI aTreipov \6yov<^; teal yap av /(al
avTT) veavLKT] avTol<; t) P'd')(r], to?? fiev reXei to
irdv '7repcypd(j)ov<7iy tol'^ SeareXe? tovto elvai
V7ro\ap,^dvovaLV' ov /Jirjv dWd koi irajJuroWov^;
Tcpd(; elvat tou? Koafiov^ direcâivovTO Kal rcoi'
o)? Trepl evo<^ avrwv hiaXeyofxevwv fcareyivcoafcov.

€Tepo<; he Tf9 ovk elpy]VLKO<; dvrjp TToXe/iou twv oXcov
Trarepa eTvai iSoâê.
9 Tlepl fieu yap tmv decov tl y^pr] koi Xeyetv;
OTTOV TOt? fiev dpidfjio^; Tt9 o ^€09 rjv, ol^ he /card
'^r^vodv Kal Kvvwv Kal irXardvcov eTrcofivvvTO. Kal
ol fiev TOi'9 dXXov<^ diravTa'^ 6eov<; direXdcravTe^
evl fxovcp rrjv tcov oXwv dp'X'qv direvefjiov, oyare
ypefxa Kal dÔecrOai fie roaavrr^v diTopiav Oechv
aKovovra' ol 3' epbTraXiv entha'^îXevofJievoc ttoX,-
280
;

think it is without beginning and without end, but
others have even ventured to tell who made it and
how it was constructed and these latter surprised
;
me most^ for they made some god or other the

creator of the universe, but did not tell where he
came from or where he stood when he created it all
and yet it is impossible to conceive of time and
space before the genesis of the universe.
FRIEND
They are very presumptuous charlatans by what
you say, Menippus.
MENIPPUS
But my dear man, what tell you all they
if I should
said about "ideas " and incorporeal entities, or their
theories about the finite and the infinite ? On the
latter point also they had a childish dispute, some
of them setting a limit to the universe and others
considering it to be unlimited nay more, they as-
;
serted that there are many worlds and censured

those who talked as if there were but one. Another,
not a man of peace, opined that war was the father
of the universe.^
As for the gods, why speak of them at all, seeing
that to some a number was god, while others swore
by geese and dogs and plane-trees ? ^ Moreover,
some banished all the rest of the gods and assigned
the governance of the universe to one only, so that
it made me a little disgusted to hear that gods were
so scarce. Others, however, lavishly declared them
1 Heraclitus. The lack of connection between this sentence
and the foregoing leads me to suspect that we have lost a
portion of the Greek text containing a reference to the
theories of the other lonians.
2 Socrates. See Philosophies for Sale, 16.
281
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
\ou9 T€ avTov^ airecâivov /cal BieXofMevoi rov /nev
Tiva irpMTov 6eov iireKokovv, 7ol<; he to, Bevrepa
/cat TpLTa evefiov rr}? êtoT7;T09* eVt Se ol fiev
acrcofxaTov tl koX dfJbop<pov yyovvro elvai to Oetov,
ol Be (09 Trepl acofzarof; avrov BievoovvTO. elra
Kot irpovoelv tmv KaO ?7/xa9 Trpay/idrcop ov Trdaiv
iBoKOvv ol Oeoiy oKK rjadv rive'; ol rrjff avfJLTrdarj^;
eTn/jLeXelafi avTov<; dîevre^, toairep rjfJLel'^ elwdafiev
cLTToXveLv TUiv XetTOvpyiwv 701*9 TrapTjîj/corafi'
ovBev yap on fi-q T0i<; k(o/jli,/col<; Bopv(f)opr}iJiaaLv
ioLKora^; avTov<; eladyovaiv. evioc Be ravra
irdvTa v7r€p^dvT6<; ovBe rrjv dp-)(r]v elvai Oeov^;
TLva<; eTTiarevov, aXV dBecnroTOV /cal dvr)y€fi6-
V6VTOV (êpeaOai rov koo-jjlov direXi/jLTravov.
10 ToiydproL ravra aKOvcov diTLarelv fxev ov/c
iroXfKov v'yjrifipefieraif; re Kal r)vyeveioL<; dvSpdaiv
ov firjv elyôv ye ottt] rcov Xoycov rpa7T6fievo<s
dv€7rlXr)7rr6v re avrcov evpoLfit Kal inro Oarepov
fjLr]hafJbr) rrepirpeiroixevov. ware Bij to 'Ofir/pLKOv
eicelvo aTe%^'Ct>9 eiraayôv 7roXXdKi<i fiev yap av
Mp/jurjaa irLcrreveLV nvl avrayv,
erepof; Be fie Ovjxoî epvKev.
'E(^' 0I9 diraaiv dfirj'âvoiv eiri 7779 P'^v clkov-

creaOai ri Trepl rovrcov dXijOe*; dTreyivcocrfcov, fxiav
Be T779 (Tvp^Trdarj^; diropia's aTraXXayrjv wfjurfv
eaecrOai, el avro<; rrrepwdei^; irco^ dveXOoLfjn eh
rov ovpavov. rovrov Be p,oi 'irapel')(e rrjv eXrriBa
^ Kal
eiriOvpLia XoyoTroto^;
fidXiara jxev r] . . . .
Alo'cotto'; deroL<; Kal KavOdpoL^y eviore Kal Kaixtj-

Xoi<; ^dcrLjiov drroâivodv rov ovpavov. avrov /nev
^ Fritzsche supplies eTretro 5e : no lacuna in MSS.
282
;
ICAROMEMPPUS, OR THE SKV-MAN

to be many and drew a distinction between them,
calling one a first god and ascribing to others second
and third rank in divinity. Furthermore, some
thought that the godhead was without form and
substance, while others defined it as body. Then
too they did not think that the gods exercise
all
providence in our affairs there were some who

;
relieved them of every bit of responsibility as we are

accustomed to relieve old men of public duties
indeed, the part that they give them to play is just
like that of supers in comedy. A few went beyond
all this and did not even believe that there were any
gods at all, but left the world to wagon unruled and

ungoverned.
When I heard all this, the result was that I did not
venture to disbelieve "high-thundering" gentlemen
with goodly beards, and yet did not know where to
turn in order to find a point of doctrine that was un-
assailable and not in any way subject to refutation
by someone else. So I went through just what
Homer speaks of; again and again I was fain to
believe one of them, "but other counsel drew me
^
back."
At my wit's end in view of all this, I despaired of
hearing; any truth about these matters on earth and
thought that the only way out of my whole dilemma
Avould be to get wings somehow and go up to
Heaven. The wish was father to the thought, of
course, but the story-teller Aesop had something to
do with it also, for he makes Heaven accessible to
eagles and beetles and now and then even to camels.
I
Od. 9, 302.
283
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ovv TTTepo^vrjCFai irore ovBefiLa jJ^^X^^V ^'^vcl'ôv
eivai jubot Kareipaipero' el 8e ^fTro? 17 aerou irepi-
deLfir)v irrepd — raura yap fiova av ^ StapKeaat
7rpb<; fieyedo<; avO pwirivov acofiaro^;
• —
Taxa av puoi
Tr)v irelpav irpoxjoop^lcraL, fcal ^rj avWa/Sciov ra
opvea darepov ixev rrjv Beîav Trrepvya, rov
yv7ro<; Be tyjv erepav airereiiov ev fiaXa' elra
hiahrjaa^; koX Kara tou? wfiov<; reXaficbo-i Kapre-
pol<; apfioadp.evo<^ /cal tt/oo? afCpoi<; toI<; wKviTTepoL^
Xa^d<; Ttva<; rat? x^P^'' iTapa(TKevdaa<; iTretpoy/jbiji'
ifiavTOv TO TTpMTOV dvaTTrjBcov /cal raU x^P^^^^
v7rr)peTCt)V fcal wairep 01 XV^^^ ^'^^ %a/>at7r€TC09
eTraipopLevo^ /cal d/cpo/SaTCJV d/j.a /lerd t^? tttt]-
(T€(o<;' eirel Be vinj/cove /xot to XPV/^^* roXfirj-
porepov tjBt] t?}? Treipa^; rjTTTOfirjv, Kal dve\9(bv
iirl T7]v d/cpoTToXiv d(f)y]Ka ifiavrov /card rov
11 /cpr]/jLvov (pepcop e? avro to OeaTpop. ct)9 Be
d/civBvvco<; /caTeTTTO/jbrjp, rjBr} Kal fieTecopa icppo-
pouv /cal dpao aTrb Tldppi]6o<i rj dirb T/X97TT01)
/jiexpi' Tepapeia<i iireTOfjLTjp, etT eKelOep eirl top
'AKpo/copipOop dpco, elra virep ô\6rj<; Kal ^Kpv
'fidvOov fiexpi' 7rpo9 to Taiiyerop.
"HSt; 5' ovp fJLOi Tov To\/jLij/jLaTO<; iKfie/ieXeT^]-
fievov TeXe/.o9 Te Kal vyjnireTrjf; yevofxepo^ ovKeTi
TCb peoTTMP €(f)p6povp, dW eirl top "OXv/jlttop
dpal3d<; Kal w? evr]P fidXiara Kov(f)co<; einaiTiad-

/JL€P0<; TO Xotrrop eTeirop evOv tov ovpapov, to fiep
irpcoTOP iKtyjLcbp viro tov ^d6ov<;, fxera Be e(f)epop

Kal TOVTO evpap(x}<i. errel Be KaT avTr/p ijBr] Ty]P
aeXrjprjp eyey opeip irdfiTToXv tcjp pecfycop aTrocTTrd-
cra^, fiadofJLrjp KdfjiP0PT0<^ ejxavTOv, Kal jJidXiaTa
1 tv Bekker : not in MSS.
284
Well, that myself could ever grow wings was not in
I
any way thought but if I put on the wings

possible, I ;
of a vulture or an eagle (for no others would be

large enough to uphold the weight of a man's body),
perhaps my attempt would succeed. So catching my
birds, I carefully cut off the right wing of the eagle
and the left wing of the vulture, tied them tightly
together, fitted them to my shoulders with stout
straps and made grips for my hands at the ends of
the primary feathers. Then I first tried myself by
jumping up and down, working my arms and doing
as geese do —
lifting myself along the ground and
running on tiptoe as I flew. When the thing began
to work well for me, I went in for the experiment
with greater boldness. Going up to the acropolis, I
let myself drop down the cliff right into the theatre.
Since I flew down without mischance, I began to
aspire high and used to take wing from Parnes c^
Hymettus, flying to Geraneia and from there up to
Acrocorinthus and then over Pholoe and Erymanthus
clear to Taygetus.
Now that I had thoroughly practised my experi-
ment and had become an adept and a lofty soai*er,
I no longer had fledgling aspirations but ascended
Olympus, provisioned myself as lightly as I could
and this time made straight for Heaven. At first
I was dizzied by the height, but afterwards I stood
even that without discomfort. But when I had

left the clouds far below^ and had got close to
the moon, I felt myself getting tired, especially in
285
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Kara apiarepav irrepvya rrjv yuTrivrjv. Trpoa-
rrjv
€Xdaa<; ovv koX fcadeôfievo^; eV auTTJ? hiave-
TravofjLTjv e? rrjv yi^v avwdev airo^Xeircdv kul
MCFirep 6 Tov 'Ofirjpov Zevf; eKelvo^ aprt fxev rrjv
Tcov iTTTroiToXcov Spr)KC0V KaOopooixevo^, apTL Be
Tr}V MvacoVy /xeroXtyov Be, el Soêie fiOL, rrjv
'EWdSa, Tr]v Uepa-bSa koI ttjv 'IvSikijv. ef mv
dirdvTcov TroiKiXi]^ rivo^ 17801//J9 ive7nfnr\d/Mr]v.
ETAIP02
OvKOvv Kol ravra \eyoL<; dv, o) MeviTTTre, iva
firjBeKaO' ev diroXeLirdiixeda tt)? dTroSrjfXLa^;, aXV
€1 TL croL KoX 6B0V irdpepyov laroprjTaL, koI tovto
elhMfxev' ft)9 eycoye ovk oXlya TrpoaSofccb aKov-

aeadai axvf^ci'ô'; re irepi 7% Kal tmv eir' avTr]<;
dirdvTwv, old croi dvcoOev eTTLcrKOirovvn Karecâi-
vero.
MENinno2
Kal opOoi^ ye, &> eralpe, elKdêir SioTrep &>?
olov re dval3d<; eirl rrjv aeXrjvrjv rw X07C0 avv-^

aTToSrj/JieLre koX avveTTLo-KOiret rrjv oXtjv tmv iivl
12 7')}9 BcddeaLV. Kal TTpoiTOV ye fiOL irdvu fit/cpap
86k€1 Tivd TTjv yy)v opdv, ttoXv Xeyo) rr)? creXr]vriva) fcara/cvyfra^ iirl ttoXv
rjTTopovv TTOV etr) rd TifXiKavTa oprj Kal rj Toaavrrj
OdXaTTa- Kal el ye fxrj tov 'VoBiwv KoXoaaov
e0eaad/jLr}v Kal tov eirl rfj <^dp(p irvpyov, ev 1061,
TravTeXcbî dv pie rj yi] SUXade. vvv Be ravTa ^
vyfrrjXd ovTa Kal vTrepaveaTrjKOTa Kal 6 TlKeavb^
r]pepLa iTpo<; tov rjXiov viroaTiX^cov Bt,€arjp.aive
fioi, yrjv elvai to opcopievov. eVet Be dira^ ttjv

€9 TO uTevk aTTTjpeiadfjLrjv, dira^ 6 tcov
oyJTLv
286
the left wing, the vulture's. Flying up, therefore,
and perching on the moon, I rested myself, looking
down on the earth from on high and like Homer's
Zeus,^ now observing the land of the horse-loving
Thracians, now the land of the Mysians, and
presently, if I liked, Greece, Persia and India and
;
from all this I got my fill of kaleidoscopic pleasure.

FRIEND
Then do tell me about it, Menippus, so that 1
may not miss a single detail of the trip, but may even
know whatever you may have found out incidentally.
I assure you, I am looking forward to hearing a good
deal about the shape of the earth and about
everything upon it as it looked to you, viewing it all
from above.
MENIPPUS
You are right in your assumption, my friend, so
mount up to the moon in fancy as best you can and
share my trip and my view of the whole scheme of
things on earth. In the first place, imagine that the
earth you see is very small, far less than the moon, I
mean so that when I suddenly peered down I was
;
long uncertain where the big mountains and the

great sea were, and if I had not spied the Colossus of
Rhodes ^ and the lighthouse on Pharos, I vow 1
shouldn't have known the earth at all. But as it
was, the fact that they were high and prominent
and that the ocean glinted in the sun showed me
that what I saw was the earth. But as soon as I
had concentrated my gaze fixedly, the life of man
1 Iliad 13, 4.
^ The Colossus of Rhodes had been lying prostrate for
several centtrries at Xhe time this dialogue was written. It
stood upright for only 56 years (ca. 288-227 B.C. ). Con-
Bequently the allusion is thought to conie from Menippus.
287
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
avOpcoTTcov ^t09 TjSrj KarecpaLveTO, ov Kara eOvTj
fjLOVov Ka\ TToXei?, aSXa
avrol aacpw^ o'l fcal
'TrXeovT€<;, oi yewpyovvre'^, ol
TroXefiovvre^;, ol
Si/caôfievoi, ra yvvaia, tcl 07)pia, koX irdvO
a7r\co9 oiToaa rpecpei iêihwpo^ dpovpa.
ETAIP02
IlavT6\a)<; airiOava (f)r]<; ravra koI avTOL<;
virevavria' o? 'yap aprlco^, o) ISJievnTiTe, rrjv >yi]P
efi;T6t? vTrb rod fiera^v BiaaT^fiaTo<; e? I3pa)(y

avv6(TTa\/jL6vy]v, koI el ye /jlt) 6 KoXocraoî eiMrjvvae
aoi, Tu'â av aXKo tl (or^drj'^ opdv, ttw? vvv
KaOdirep AvyKev<; Tt<; d(j)vco yevojievo^ diravTa
SiaytvcoaKecf; ra iirl 7^9, TOf? dvOpwirovî, ra
drjpla, /jLi/cpov Selv Tdfi rcov ifXTTihcov V€OTTid<;;
MENinnos
13 ES ye^ virefivrjaa^' o yap [xakiaTa e)(^pi]V
elireZv, tovto ovk olS' 67rco<; irapeXiirov, eirel yap
avTTjv fiev eyvcopiaa rrjv yrjv IScov, ra B ov')(^ aWa
616^ re rjv /cadopdv V7rb rov ^dOov^ are t/}? 6yfrecD€L Be ovri

pôi Kal oXiyov Belv SeBaKpvp.€vw ecpiararaL Kar-
oTTiv 6 ao(f)o<; 'E/ATreSo/cXr)?, dv6 pafcia^; ri^ ISelv
Kal arroBov dvdrrXew^ Kal KarwirriiiJLevo'^' Kayco pev
&)? elBov, —
elprjaerai ydp —
virerapd-^ddr^v Kai riva
(TeXi]va2ov Baipôva (pi]Oriv opdv 6 Be, " Sdppei,^'
(f)7]aLV,
" ct) MevLTTTre,
*
ovrL<; rot, Beo^ elp,L, ri p, dOavdroixTiv et(TKei<;;
» 7€ Fritzsche : m« MSS.
2S8
; —

in its entirety disclosed itself to me^ and not only
the nations and cities but the people themselves
as clear as could be^ the traders, the soldiers, the
farmers, the litigants, the women, the animals and,
in a word, all the life that the good green earth
supports.^
FRIEND
What you say is completely beyond belief and
self-contradictory, foryou told me just now that you
had to look for the earth because it was diminished
by the intervening distance, and that if the Colossus
hadn't given you your bearings, perhaps you would
have thought you were looking at something else.
How is it, then, that you have suddenly turned into a
Lynceus and can make out everything on earth
the men, the animals and very nearly the nests of
the mosquitoes ?
MENIPPUS
Thanks for remmding me somehow or other 1 ;
neglected to say what I certainly should have said.

When I recognised the earth by sight, but was
unable to distinguish anything else on account of the
height, because my vision did not carry so far, the
thing annoyed me excessively and put me in a gi'eat
quandary. I was downcast and almost in tears when
the philosopher Empedocles came and stood behind
me, looking like a cinder, as he was covered with
ashes and all burned up. On catching sight of him
I was a bit startled, to tell the truth, and thought I
beheld a lunar spirit but he said '' Don't be alarmed,
;
Menippus
^ No god am I : why liken me to them ?
'
^
^ A reminiscence of Homer ; cf. 11. 2, 5i8 ; Od. 4, 229 ; 9,

357. -^
Od. 16, 187.
289
VOL. II. U
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
6 ^vo-iKh 0UT09 elfXL 'Efi'rr€SoK\ri<;- eVel yap e?
T0U9 Kparrjpa^ i/iavrbv iviâXov, 6 kuttvo^;

(fyepcov
fi€ airo T?}? h.tTvr)^ dp7rdaa<;

^€vpo dvi]yay6, koX
vvv ev jfi o-eXrjvr) KaroLKO) depoârcav ra iroWa
KoX (TLTOV/xai hpoaov. r]KO) Toivvv ae aTToXvacov
T^9 irapovat-]^ diropla^' dvia yap cre, oipât, kul

arpeêt to /jL7j o-a(/)C09 ra iirl 71)9 opdv^ " Ev ye
€7roi7](Ta<;r V^ ^' h^> " jSeXTiaTe 'Eya7re3oA:Xei9,
Kairethdv ra^tcTTa KardTrrw/iaL irdXiv €9 rr/y
'EXkdha, /ji€ fiv 7) (7 ofiaL

airevSeLv ri aoL iirl Trj<;
KaiTVohoKr]^; Kav rat^ vovpLr]viaL<; 7Tpo<; ttjv ae\t]vr)v
TpU e7%az^ft)i^ TT/Joo-euxeo-âi." ** 'AXXa fj,a rov

'EvSvfxicovar ^ 8' 09, "ouxl rod fitaOov x^piv
dcplypai, ireirovOa U tl ti]v -v/î^xV ^'^<^^ ^^
\€\v7rr]jjLevov. drdp olaOa o tl hpdaa^ o^voepKrj^
14 yev7]<Ty;" "Ma Af," yv 8' iyco, '' rjv fir) (ru fioi
TTJV d')(\vv 7ra)9 d<j)6\r)<; d-TTO tcov Ofipdrcov vvv

yap Si] \7]fjLdv ov /uLerpLm 8oAca)." '* Kal firjv ovSev
ere," rj S' 09, " ifiov Sei](jeL' to yap o^vSepfck avTb<;
TjBrj yrjdev '^fC€L<; exwz^." " Tl ovv tovto Icftiv; ov
yap olB\
'*
€(j)r]v. " Ovk olaOar rj 8' 09, " dsTov
TTJV TTTcpvya TTJV Se^LCLV irepLfceiiievo^; " " Kal
p^dXaT V^ ^'
^V^' 0^^ iTTepvyi Kal 6(f)6a\-
"'^^ ^'
^w /coiiôi^ eVrfi^; " ""Ort," ^ 8' 09, '' irapd iroXv

TCOV aXK(ov ^(pcov aeT09 iaTiv oûft)7recrTaT09, wo"T€
yLtOI^09 dvTLOV SeBopK6 Tft) iJXfcft), /Cttfc TOUTO iaTlV 6
yvrjGLO^ Kal âcnXevî a€T09, rjv daKopSa/xvKTl
3'
77/309 Ta9 aA:Triâ9 ffXeTrrj.'' " âal TavTU,'' ))v
290
I am tlie natural philosopher Empedocles, at your
service. You when I threw myself head-first
see,
into the the smoke snatched me out of
crater,
Aetna and brought me up here, and now I dwell in
the moon, although I walk the air a great deal, and
I live on dew. So I have come to get you out of
your present quandary for it annoys and torments
;
you, I take it, that you cannot clearly see everything

on earth." "Thank you very much, Empedocles,''
said I '^ you are
; most kind, and as soon as I fly
down to Greece again I will remember to pour you a
drink-offering in the chimney ^ and on the first of
every month to open my mouth at the moon three
times and make a prayer." " Great Endymion !
*
said he, " I didn't come here for pay my heart was
;
touched a bit when I saw you sorrowful. Do you

know what to do in order to become sharp-sighted }"
"No," said I, " unless you are going to take the mist
from my eyes somehow. At present my sight seems
to be uncommonly blurred." " Why," said he, "you
won't need my services at all, for you yourself have
brought the power of sharp sight v.ith you from
the earth." " What is it, then, for I don't know ? " I
said. "Don't you know," said he, "that you are
wearing the right wing of an eagle ? " " Of course,"
said I, " but what is the connection between wings
and eyes?" "This," said he; "the eagle so far
surpasses all the other creatures in strength of sight
that he alone can look square at the sun, and the
mark of the genuine royal eagle is that he can face
its rays without winking an eye." ^' So
they say," I
^ In the chimney, because the burned and blackened ap-
pearance of Empedocles suggested this as the most appro-
priate spot ; and then too, the smoke goes up to the moon.
291
u 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
67a), " Kai /jloc r]8')] fiejafjueXei on hevpo avcoov
ov^l TOO ocjidaX/jLco rod derov eveOeixrjv rov^ ifiov<;
iêkcop' ft)? vvv ye rj/jbLreXr)^; a(f)ty/iai koI ov Trdvra
âcnXcKcof; iv6(TKevacrfi6V0<;, dXX! eoiKa rot? voOoc^
^KeivoL<=; Kol d7roKr)pvKTOi<;. " Kal firjv irdpa aoi,^' '
Tj S* 09,
*'
avTiKa /jLiiXa top erepov 6(f)6a\/jLov e^êiv
âcrCkiKov rjv yap iOeXrjorr)^ f-UKpov dvacrrd^;
eTTia^cdv Tov yv7ro<; ttjv irrepvya Oarepa pôvrj
TTTepvâadai, Kara \6yov Trj<; Trrepvyo^; tov Seîov
o(poaA,/jLov o^vo€p/cr}<; ear)' tov oe erepov ovbefXLa
fxrj'âvrj fxr) ovk d/jL^Xvrepov SeSopKevat t^9 /i.e/)t3o9
ovra Tr}<; x^Lpovo^;. AA,i9, tjv o eyco, ei kul
oeîo<iaerwoe? pXeiTOi' ovoev yap av
fJLOvo^
eXaTTOV yevono, eirel Kal tov<; reKTOva^ 7roXXdKi<;
ecopaKevai fjLOt Boko) Oarepw twv 6(f)0aX/iicov
apbeivov irpb<i: tov^ Kav6va<; direvOvvovraf; to,
^vXa^
Tavra euTrcbv iTTOiovv dfia rd virb tov ^KpîreSo-
KXeov; TraprjyyeXfieva' 6 Be kut oXiyov virairLOiv
15 €9 /caTTVOv '^pe/jua BieXvero. /caTretSr] rd^t'O-Ta
eTTTepv^dfirjv, avTifca </)c59 /xe^ irdp.iroXv Trept-
eXafxyfre Kal ra Teft)9 XavddvovTa irdvTa BieâlveTO'
KaTaKvyjra'i yovv €9 ttjv yrjv ecopcov aacf^co'^ Ta9
iroXei^, TOL'9 dvOpcoTTOVi, Ta yiyvbpueva, Kal ov Ta
iv viraiOpw fMovov, dXXd Kal
OTroaa oXkol eirpaT-
Tov olopievoi Xavddveiv, UiToXefialov p,ev avvovTa
rfj dSeX(f)fj, Avarc/idô) Be tov vlov einôvXevovTa,
TOV êXevKOv Be Wvtlo)(ov XTpaToviKrj BiavevovTa
XdOpa Trj fjL7)Tpvia, tov Be SeTTaXov ÂXeâvBpov
vTTo T?79 yvvaiKO^ dvaipovfievov Kal AvTiyovov ^
^ <pu>s fjL€ A.M. II. : ^6 <f)ws 7^ 7, U ; yu€ <^»s /iUya {i.e. /.lc 7c?)
X ; <f>us 76 I.
292
replied, " and I am sorry now that when I came up
here I did not take out my ow n eyes and put in those
of the eagle. As things are, I have come in a half-
finished condition and with an equipment which is
not fully royal in fact, I am like the bastard, dis-
;
owned eaglets they tell about." ^ " Why," said he,

"it is in your power this minute to have one eye
royal, for if you choose to stand up a moment, hold
the vulture's wing still, and flap only the other one,
you will become sharp-sighted in the right eye to
match the Aving the other eye cannot possibly help
;
being duller, as it is on the inferior side." " It will

satisfy me," said I, "if only the right one has the
sight of an eagle it would do just as well, for I am
;
sure have often seen carpenters getting on better

I
with only one eye when they were trimming off"

timbers to the straight-edge."
This said, I set about doing as Empedocles advised,
while he receded little by little and gradually dis-
solved into smoke. No sooner had I flapped the
wing than a great light broke upon me and all that
was formerly invisible was revealed. Bending down
toward earth, I clearly saw the cities, the people and
all that they were doing, not only abroad but at
home, when they thought they were unobserved. I
saw Ptolemy lying with his sister, Lysimachus' son
conspiring against his father, Seleucus' son Antiochus
flirting surreptitiously with his stepmother, Alexander
of Thessaly getting killed by his wife, Antigonus
committing adultery with the wife of his son, and
1 If an eaglet failed to stand the test, he was pushed out
of the nest ; cf Aelian de Nat.
. nim. 2, 26. A
293
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
jMOi'xevovTa tov vlov rrjv yvvacKa kol 'ArraXft) tov
vlov e'y)(êovTa to ^dpfjuaKov, irepcoOi, 8' av
Âpadfcr)v (fyovevovra to yvvaiov fcal tov evvov)(ov
ÂpâKrjv eX/covTa to î(f)o<; iwl tov XpadKrjv, ^
%iraTlvo<^ he o MtJSo? eK tov crv/jLTrocrLov irpo^; tmv

8opv(f)opovvTcov e'tXfceTO e^co tov ttoSo? (tkix^co
')(^pva(p TTfv 6(f>pvv KaTrfkoif fxevo'^ ojiioia Be tovtol^ »
ev T6^ Ai^vrj Kol Trapa '^Kvdac<; fcal 0pafl

yLvofjueva ev tol<^ âcriXeioi^; rjv opdv, fioi')(evovTa<^y
(j)ovevovTa<;, e7rtôvXevovTa<;, dp7rdôvTa<;, ein-
opKOvvTa<;, SeBLOTa^;, vtto tmv ol/ceiOTdT(ov TrpoBcBo-
fi€Vov<;.
16 Kal TCi fjuev tmv âaiKecov TOtavTrjv irapea'ê
LLOi TTJV BiaTpi^rjV, TO, Be TCOV IBlCOTCOV TToXv JC-
XoioTepa' KoX yap av KaKeivov^ ecopcov, Epyu-o-
Bcopov puev TOV KiriKovpetov ')(î\,i(Dv eveKa Bpa^/juoyv
eiTLOpKovvTa, TOV ^tcoIkov Be ÂyaOofcXea irepl
fjLLcrdov Tcp /jLaOrjT^ BiKaôfxevov, KXetviav Be tov
prjTOpa eK tov^ AaKXrj'meiov (j)LdX7]v vcfiaipov/jtevov,
TOV Be K.VVLKOV 'HpocpiXov ev tw 'Xâ/jLatTvireicp
KadevBovTa. tl yap av tov<; aXXof? Xeyoipa, tov<;
TOt%ft)/?f%oi}i^Ta9, Tov<; BeKaôfievovf;,^ tov<; Bavei-
ôvTa<;, TOv<; i7ratT0vvTa<; ; ^ oXw? yap ttolkiXt] koI
TTavToBairrj Ti? rjv rj 6ea.
ETAIP05
K.al Ka\ TavTa, w MeviTrire, KaXwî el^^
fjLTjV
Xeyeiv eoiKe yap ov ttjv TV')(ôvcrav TepircoXTjv (tol

Trapeaxv^^cii.
MENinno2
UdvTa fiev e^rj<; BicXOelv, w (jyiXoTrj';, dBvvaTOV,
1 Ij/ re Bekker : eV rp MSS.
2 Se/caô/ieVovs Fritzsche Smaôfiiuovs
: MSS.
•^
inaiTovvTus Lehmann : aTraiTovvras MSS.
294
—

the son of Attains pouring out the poison for him.
In another quarter I saw Arsaces killing the woman,
the eunuch Arbaces drawing his sword on Arsaces,
and Spatinus the Mede in the hands of the guards,
being dragged out of the dining-room by the leg
after having had his head broken with a golden
cup.^ Similar things were to be seen going on in
Libya and among the Thracians and Scythians in the
palaces of kings — men committing adultery, mur-
dering, conspiring, plundering, forswearing, fearing
and falling victims to the treason of their closest kin.
Although the doings of the kings afforded me such
rare amusement, those of the common people were
far more ridiculous, for I could see them too
Hermodorus the Epicurean perjuring himself for a
thousand drachmas, the Stoic Agathocles going to
law with his disciple about a fee, the orator Clinias
stealing a cup out of the Temple of Asclepius and the
Cynic Herophilus asleep in the brothel. Why mention
—
the rest of them the burglars, the bribe-takers, the
money-lenders, the beggars ? In brief, it was a motley
and manifold spectacle.
FRIEND
Really,you might as well tell about that too,
Menippus, for it seems to have given you unusual
pleasure.
MENIPPUS
To tell it all from first to last, my friend, would be
^ These events, in so far as they are historical, are not
synchronous. For some of them (Antigonus, Attains, and
the Parthian incidents) Lucian is our only sponsor.
^95
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
OTTOV ye KaX opavavra epyov rjv ra fiivrot /cecfxi-
Xaia TMV Trpay/ndrcov roiavra e<f>a[,veTO old (fiijaiv
'Ofirjpof; TO, iirl Trj<; dairiho^;' ov fxev yap rjcrav

elXaiTivai kol yd/mot, erepcoOi Se Bc/cacrr'^pia kcu
iKK\r}(TLai, Ka6' erepov Se jxepoî Wve ti<;, iv
yevrovcov he TrevOcov dWo<; ecpalvero' Kal ore /.lev
e? Tr)v VeTLKrfV dTTOê^jrai/jii,, 7ro\e/jLOVVTa<; av

ecopcov Tou? TeTa<;' ore Se fieraâlijv iirl tol'9
XKvda<;, 7TXav(ojLievov<y dfia^Mv tjv IBecv
eiri rcov
jjLLfcpov Se eyKXiva^ rov 6(f)0a\/jLov eVt Odrepa
^
rov<; AlyvTTTiov^; yecopyovvra^ eirejSXeTTOv, /cal 6

*ôtvt^^ iv€7rop€V€TO Kal 6 KtXfcf eXrjarevev
fcal 6 AdKCOV efxaartyovTO Kal o AOr]vaLo<i
17 eBiKdêro. dirdvTwv he^ tovtcov vrrb rov
avrov ytvofjievwv ')(^povov copa croi ijSrj iinvoelv
oiTolo^ Ti? 6 KVKeoDv ovTO<; eâlvejo. axnrep av et
Tt9 7rapaaTi]adfjLevo<i ttoXXol'? ôpeura?, fidWov
he 7ToWov<; yôpov^, eweira Trpoardêie twv aBov-
Tcov eKaaTM avvwhiav dfêvra thiov aheiv
rrjv
fjLe\o<;, (piXoTLfjiov/jLevov Be eKaarov Kal to lBiov
TrepalvovTO^ Kal rov ifK/qaiov V7repâ\ea6ai rfj
fieyaXocbcovLa irpoOvixovjxevov —apa evOvfxfj irpo'^
Z\to9 OLa yevoLT av rj (per);
ETAIP05
UavraTraaLV, o) M.evi7r7r€, irayyekoLO^ Kai
TeTapaypêvrj.
MENinnos
Kal P'Tjv, 0) eralpe, toiovtol Trdvre^ elalv ol eirl
yrjt; 'ôpevToX KCiK Toiavrrjf; dvapp,o<TTLa<; o tcuj^

^ i'/KXlvas Fritzsche : 4mK\lvas MSS.
2 ô7vi^ Fritzsche 4>o:pi^ Se MSS.
:
8 airdvTwv 5e Bekker : airdpTuv MSS.

296
impossible in such a case, where even to see it all
was hard work. However, the principal features

were like what Homer says was on the shield.^ In
one place there were banquets and weddings, else-
where there were sessions of court and assemblies ;
in a different direction a man was offering sacrifice,

and close at hand another was mourning a death.
Whenever I looked at the country of the Getae I
saw them fighting whenever I transferred my gaze to
;
the Scythians, they could be seen roving about on their

wagons and when I turned my eyes aside slightly,
:
I beheld the Egyptians working the land. The Phoe-
nicians were on trading-ventures, the Cilicians were

engaged in piracy, the Spartans were whipping them-
selves and the Athenians were attending court. As
all these things were going on at the same time, you
can imagine what a hodge-podge it looked. It is as
if one should put on the stage a company of singers,
or I should say a number of companies, and then
should order each singer to abandon harmony and
sing a tune of his own with each one full of
;
emulation and carrying his own tune and striving to

outdo his neighbour in loudness of voice, what, in the
name of Heaven^ do you suppose the song would be
like?
FRIEND
Utterly ridiculous, Menippus, and all confused.
MENIPPUS
Well, my friend, such
is the part that all earth's
singers play, and such is the discord that makes
» Iliad 18, 478 ff.
297
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
avOpcoTTCOv ^LO^ avvTeraKTaiy ov fiovov airffiha
(I)0ey'yo/ii6i>cov, dWa teal dvo/jioicov ra a')(r}jjLaTa kol
rdvavTia kol ravrbv ovBev iirivoovv-
Ktvov/bievcov
Tft)i/, ot%/3^^v avrcov eKaarov 6 %o/ci^709 direXdar)
T7]<; crKi]vf]<; ov/ceri SelcrOat Xijcov rovvrevOev Be
ofMOioi iravre^ ijBrj o'ico7r(i)VTe<;, ovKert ryv avfifxiyi)

KaX araKTov i/cetvrjv (phrjv diTahovTe<s. dXX! iv
avTti)
fjiev
t
76 ttolklXco
/
yeXola SyjirovOev
c
/cal
r)v rd
lie
7ro\v€i8el rco Oedrpco Trdvra
'îvojieva.
18 yidXiGTa he eii eK,eivoi<^ eirrjei fxoi yeXdv roU
irepl 7?59 opcov epiôvo-i koX
fxeya (ppovovaiv rol(;
eTrl TO) TO ^LKvdiViov Trehiov yecopyelv rj M.apa-
Ooivo^ eêiv rd irepl rrjv Olv6r}V rj ^ Aâpvrjai
irXeOpa KCKTrjaOat ')(i\ia' ri}? yovv EWaô? oA,?;?
CO? TOTe /jLOL dvfoOev e<âiveTO Sa/crvXcov ovatjf; to
pLe<ye6o<s Terrdpcov, Kard \oyov, olpai, r] fcrj ^ Am
TToWocTTTj/iiopiov rjv. coaT€ evevoovv ecf) oiroacp
Tot9 irXovaioLî tovtoc<; fxeya (ppovelv /careXeLTrero'
(T'xeBov yap 6 iroXvirXeOporaTo^ aurcov piav rcov
^KiTi/covpeicov drop^cov iSofcei fioL yecopyelv. diro-
/8Xei/ra9 he hrj /cat e? rrjv elra
TieXoirovvr^crov,
Tr)v Kvi'ovpbav ^ yrjv Ihcbv dvepLvrjaOrjv irepl oaov
')((!) plov, Kar ovhev AlyvTrTiov cpaKov irXarvrepov,
ToaovTOi eireaov Âpyelcov Koi AaKehac/xovicov
/j,cd<; r}/jLepa<;. koI fjurjv eo nva thoipji eirl p^/ouo-o)
p,eya (j^povovvTa, on haKTvXiovf; re ei'Xj^v oktw
Kol (f)LdXa<; Terrapa^;, irdvv koi errl rouro) dv
iyeXcov to yap Udyyaiov oXov avTOt<; fiCTdXXoL^
Key')(^pLalov tjv to /jLeyeOo<;.
ETAIP02
19 ^fl /jLaKapte MeviTTTre r/j? irapahoôv 6ea<;.
^ Kvyovpiap Palmer : Kvroo'ovpiap MSS.
298
yp the life of men. Not only do they sing different

tunes, but they are unlike in costume and move at
cross-purposes in the dance and agree in nothing
until the manager drives each of them off the stage,
saying that he has no further use for him. After
that, however, they are all quiet alike, no longer
singing that unrhythmical medley of theirs. But
there in the play-house itself, full of variety and
shifting spectacles, ever}i:hing that took place was
truly laughable.
I was especially inclined to laugh at the people who
quarrelled about boundary-lines, and at those who
plumed themselves on working the plain of Sicyon
or possessing the district of Oenoe in Marathon or
owning a thousand acres in Acharnae. As a matter
of fact, since the whole of Greece as it looked to
me then from on high was no bigger than four
fingers, on that scale surely Attica was infinitesimal.
I thought, therefore, how little there was for our
friends the rich to be proud of for it seemed to me
;
that the widest-acred of them all had but a single

Epicurean atom under cultivation. And when I
looked toward the Peloponnese and caught sight
of Cynuria, I noted what a tiny region, no bigger in
any way than an Egyptian bean, had caused so many
Argives and Spartans to fall in a single day.^ Again,
if I saw any man pluming himself on gold because
he had eight rings and four cups, I laughed heartily
at him too, for the whole of Pangaeum, mines and
all, was the size of a grain of millet.
FRIEND
You lucky Menippus, what a surprising spectacle !
1 Compare the close of the Charon.
299
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
al Be Br) TroXet? tt/jo? Ato? Kal ol avhpe<^ avrol
^
irrfKiKoi Bc6(f)aivovTO avwOev;
MENinnos
Olfiai ae 7roWdKi,<; tJStj fivpfii^Kcov cuôpav
kwpaKevaiy tov<^ fxev elXov/jievovf; irepl to arofia
Tov (pcoXeov KCLV T(p fJiicro) 7ro\iT€VOfjb6vov<; ,^ iviov<;
§' eî6vTa<;, erepov^ Be enraviovTa'^ avOi<; eh rrjv
iToXiV Kal 6 fjuev Tt<; rrjv Koirpov CKcjêpei, 6 8e

dp7rdaa<i iroOev rj kv/i/jLOV A,e7ro9 rj irvpov rj/jLLTO/jLOV
Oel (f)epcov. el/co^ Be elvai Trap avTol^ Kara \6yov

TOV /JLVpfjLl]K(OV (5lOV KOl oIkoB6/jLOV<; Tivdî Kol
Br}fjia<y(oyov<; Kal TrpvTdvei^ Kal fiovcriKovf; Kal
(l)iXo(T6(f)OV<;. wXrjv at ye TroXei? avTols dvBpdcn
Tal<; fjLupiLLrjKLaL<; fidXicTTa ea>Kecrai>, el Be croc
fiLKpov BoKet TO TrapdBecyjjia, to dvOpcoirov^

eiKdaac ttj /xvp/jiijKcov iroXiTeia, Toi)<; 7raXaLov<;
fjLvOov'^ eTTiaKe'âi tmv SeTTaXcov evprjaeiî yap
Tov<; Mvp/jLLB6va<;, to /naxt'f^dyTaTov ^vXov, €k
/jbvpfitjKcov dvBpa<; yeyovoTa^;.
^FiTreiBr] B' ovv iravTa iKavco'^ eoopaTO ^ Kal
KaTeyeyeXacTTo /jlol, BLaaeicra^ ifiavTov dveTTTOjJLrjv
B(i)/jLaT €9 alycoxoio Ato9 fjL€Ta Baifjuova^ dXXov<^.
20 ovTTO) (TTdBcov dveXrfXvOeiv Kal 7) XeX^mj yvvai-

Keiav <j)o)vr]v TTpolefJuevrj, " MevnrTre,^^ (f)r}crLv,
" oi/Tft)9 ovaiOy BiaKovrjaai /jlol tl irpo<; tov Aia,^^
AeyoL<; av, rjv o eyco' papv yap ovoev, -qv
jjLTj TL (pepeiv " Upeaêiav,'^ e^?;, " tlvcl
Bir).^^
ov ^(âXeTrrjv Kal Berjaiv direveyKe^ Trap* e/mov tw

1 &v(ae€v Cobet : &vo^ MSS.
^ irepl T^ crojxa . . . iroKnevofxivovs margin of r :not else-
where, {kolv a. M. H. : KoL r.) ^ ewparo Struve : eupuTO MSS.
* aireuiyKe Cobet : aTreVey/cot, OTrei/ey/cot MSS.
But the cities and the men — for Heaven's sake, how
did they look from on high ?
MENIPPUS
I suppose you have often seen a swarm of ants,
in which some are huddling together about the
mouth of the hole and transacting affairs of state in
public^ some are going out and others are coming-
back again to the city one is carrying out the dung,
;
and another has caught up the skin of a bean or half

a grain of wheat somewhere and is running off with
it; and no doubt there are among them, in due pro-
portion to the habits of ants, builders, politicians,
aldermen, musicians, and philosophers. But how-
ever that may be, the cities with their population
resembled nothing so much as ant-hills. If you think
it is belittling to compare men with the institutions
of ants, look up the ancient fables of the Thessalians
and you will find that the Myrmidons, the most
warlike of races, turned from ants into men.
Well, when I had looked and laughed at every-
thing to my heart's content, I shook myself and flew
upward,
" Unto the palace of Zeus, to the home of the other
immortals." ^
Before I had gone a furlong upward, the moon spoke

with a voice like a woman's and said " Menippus, :
I'll thank you kindly to do me a service with Zeus."
'^^Tell me what it is," said I, ^'ît will be no trouble

at ail, unless you want me to carry something."
^'
Take a simple message and a request from me to
1 Iliad 1, 222.
301
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Ad' a'Treip7]Ka yap ijSrj, MezîTTTre, iroWa kol
heiva irapa to)v (piXoaocfxov aKovovaa, ol? ovBev
erepov iariv epyov rj rafia TroXvTrpay/jLOveiv,
Tt9 el/jLL KoX tttjXlkt], koX Bi rjVTLva aiTiav
hi'XpTOfJLO'^ rj djjL(f)L/cvpTO(; yiyvofiat. kov ol jxev
KaroiKeladai jxe cjâaiv, ol Se Karoinpov Slktjp
iiTLKpefiaoOaL rfj av cKaaro^
daXcLTrrj, ol he o tl
eTTLVoijar) rovro /jloi TrpoadTrrovai. rd reXevrata
Be KoX TO cf)(o<; avrb kXoit pâlov re koI voSovi
elval fiOL (pacTLV dvwOev r]KOv irapa rov 'JiXiov,

Kol ov Travovrai fcal 7rpo<; tovtov fie dSeX(f)6v
ovra (TvyKpovaai koI araaidcrai Trpoacpovfievoc
ov yap iKavd tjv avTol<^ a irepl avrov elpiJKaat rov
'WXiov, XiOov avTOV elvai teal fivSpov Sidirvpov.
21 '*
KatTOt TToaa iyco avveTTiaTafxai avrol^; a Trpdr-
Tovau tS)V vvKTOiv ala^^pd kol KardTTTvaTa ol
fxeO^ rj/jLepav a/cv6pco7rol fcal dpSpcoEeif; to (SXefifxa
Kal TO a')(rjiJLa aefivol kuI vtto Tciiv IBicoTcoi'
diro^XeiropLevoL; Kdyd> fxev TavTa opcoaa oyLtco?
(TicoiTOd' ov yap rjyovpiai dTTOKaXv-âi

TrpeireLv
Kal StacfycoTLaac Ta9 vv/CTepLvd<; e/ceLva<; StaTpL^ds
Kal TOP VTTO ^ aK7]prj(; eKdaTov ^lop, dXXa Kap
TLPa rSo) avTcop iJ.Oi')(evoPTa rj KXeirropra rj dXXo
TL ToXfiMPTU pvKTepiPcoraTOP, evOv^ eiTLGiraaa-
pepT) TO pe(f)0<; epeKaXvyj/d/jLTjp, lipa p,r) Sei^co rot?
TToXXoff^ yepoPTa<; dpBpa<; âOel irdiywPL Kal
dpeTrj ipao'xnP'Oi'ovPTa';. ol Be ovBep dptdcri Bia-
a7rapdTT0PTe<; p.e tw Xoycp Kal rrdpTa Tpoirop
v/SplôpTe^;, coGTe prj ttjp ^vktu iroXXdKi^ e/Sov-
XevadixTjp fieTOLKYjaat, otl TroppcoTdTO), Xp avTOjp
TTjv Tvepiepyop ap yXcoTTap Bt,e(f)vyop.
^ vvh Gesner, Sommerbrodt : iirl MSS.
302
Zeus. I am tired at last, Menippus, of bearing
quantities of dreadful abuse from tbe pbilosopbers,
who have nothing else to do but to bother about me,
what I am, how big I am, and why I become semi-
circular, or crescent-shaped. Some of them say I am
inhabited, others that I hang over the sea like a
mirror, and others ascribe to me — oh, anything that
each man's fancy prompts. Lately they even say
that my very light is stolen and illegitimate, coming
from the sun up above, and they never weary of
wanting to entangle and embroil me with him,
although he is my brother ; for they were not
satisfied with saying that Helius himself was a stone,
and a glowing mass of molten metal.
" But am I not aware of all the shameful,
abominable deeds they do at night, they who by
day are dour-visaged, resolute of eye, majestic of
mien and the cynosure of the general public } Yet
although I see all this, I keep quiet about it, for
1 do not think it decent to expose and illumine
those nocturnal pastimes of theirs and their life

behind the scenes. On the contrary, if I see one
of them committing adultery or thieving or making
bold to do anything else that best befits the night,
I draw my garment of cloud together and veil
my face at once, in order that I may not let the
common people see old men bringing discredit on
their long beards and on virtue. But they for their
part never desist from picking me to pieces in talk
and insulting me in every way, so that I vow by
Night, I have often thought of moving as far away as
possible to a place where I might escape their
meddling tongues.
303
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
**l^l€fjLvr)cro ovv ravrd re aTrayyelXac rw Ail kuI
TTpoaOelvaL 8' otl fjbrj hvvarov icTTL fxoL Kara
)(^copav fieveiv, rjv firj rou? <f)vaiKov<i iK€Lvo<;
€7nTpiyfrrj koX tov<; BtaXeKTCKov<i eTnaTO/jLiay fcal
Tr)v Sroav Karacr/cd'xjrr] koI rrjv Â/caBrj/jdav
Karaf^Xe^T) koX Travarj Ta<; iv tol<^ irepurdTOL^
Biarpi/3d<;' ovrco yap av elprjvriv dydyoijjbt /cal
'
TravaaifiTjv^ oarjfiipai Trap* avrcov yeco/ierpovfjLevr}.

22 rjarao ravra, rjv o eyco, kul a/xa tt/oo?
TO dvavT€(; ereivov rrjv iirl rod ovpavov,
€v6a fiev ovT€ ôcov out dvSpcov (f)alv6T0 epya*
fjL6T oXlyov yap kuI r/ aeXijvrj jSpaêid fioc KaOeco-

pOLTO Kal TrjV yrjv tjStj dTre/cpvirrov.
Aaôbv Be rov rjXiov ev Beîa Bid rcov darepcov
TTCTo/jLevof; rpuTalo^ iTrXrjalaaa rep ovpavw, Kal
TO fjL€v TTpcoTov iBo/cet jxoL &)? ei')(ôv €vOv<; elao)
irapievai' paBico^; yap (piirjv BiaXaOelv are i^
rj/jLLaela^; cbv dero^, rov Be derov rjTriard/jLTjp ifc
iraXaiov avvrjOrj r(p All' varepov Be eXoyiad/jirjv
ft)9 rd'X^KTTa KaracpcopdaovcrL fie yvirb^; ttjv erepav
irrepvya irepiKeiiievov. dptarov yovv Kpiva^ to

TTapaKivBvveveiv
jjLTi eKOTTTOv irpoaeXOcdv ttjv
dvpav. viraKOvaa^ Be 6 'Rpfifjt; Kal Tovvo/jia
eK7rv66/ievo<; diryei KaTa airovBrjv (f)pd(Tcov tw
Ad, Kal oXiyov elaeKXyjOijv irdvv BeBtcof; Kal
jxeT
Tpificov, KaTaXafxjBdvco t€ 7rdvTa<; d/xa avyKaOr]-
p,evov<^ ovBe avTov<; d(f)povTcBa<i' virerdpaTTe yap
i)cFV')()) TO rrapdBoôv /jlov Tr}<; eTrtBrj/jLia^;, Kal oaov
ovBeiro) TrdvTa^ dv0p(O7rov<; dîêadai irpoaeBoKcov

23 Tov avTov Tpoirov eTTTepco/xevovi. a Be Zev<; pdXa
^ Ka.\ -navaaifxriv margin of T : not elsewhere.
304
" So be sure to report all this to Zeus and to addj
too, that I cannot remain in my place unless he
destroys the natural philosophers, muzzles the
logicians, razes the Porch, burns down the Academy,
and stops the lectures in the Walks for only then
;
can I set a rest and cease to be surveyed by them

ever}'^ day."
"Very well," said I, and therewith I pressed on
upwards along the road to Heayen,
^•Whence there was naught to be seen of the labours
of men or of oxen " ^;
while even the moon seemed small to me,

for in a little
and the earth had at last disappeared from my view.
Taking the sun on my right and flying past the
stars, on the third day out I drew near to Heayen.
At first I made up my mind to go straight in without
more ado, for I thouglit I should easily escape
observation, as I was half eagle and I knew that the
eagle was on intimate terms with Zeus from of old ;
but afterwards I concluded that they would very

soon find me out because the other wins; that I wore
was a vulture's. Thinking it best, anyhow, not to
take any unnecessary chances, I went up and knocked
at the door. Hermes answered my knock, inquired
my name, and went off in haste to tell Zeus. In a
little while I was admitted in great fear and
trembling, and found them all sitting together, not
without apprehension themselves for my visit,
;
being so unprecedented, had put them in a quiet

flutter, and they almost expected the whole human
race to arrive at any moment, provided with wings
like mine. Zeus, however, looked at me with a
1 Od. 10, 98.
VOL, 11. X
THE WOUKS OF LUCIAN
(\)Opepm> 3pt/xu re Koi ruavcbBe^; ek e/ie dirtBcov,
" Tt9 TToOev eh dvSpMV, ttoOl tol ttoXl^ rjSe
'£70) 8e &)9 TOVT rjKOVcra, fiiKpov fiev iêOavov
biro rod 8eou9, elaTrjKeiv he ofxco^ a%azvr;9 ical

viTO Tr}? fjieya\o(j)corLa<; ifiê^povTrjfievo^. XP^^V
8' epavTov dvoKa^wv diravra hir]yovfxr]V aaj>m
dvcoOev dp^dpievo^, 0)9 e7nOvp.rj(TaifML rd^ pêrecopa
eicpâOelv, ft)9 eXOoipa irapd tou9
(pikoaocpoy^, &)9
TdvavTia XeyovTcov dKovaaipi, 0)9 dirayopevcaipî

vtto tmv \6ya)v, elra e^P}^ rr]v
hiaairco/jiepo^ ^
iirlvoiav fcal rd irrepd /cal rd dWa irdvra fêxpi^

7rpo9 Tov ovpavov eVl irdai he nrpodeOpKa ra
leXrjPr]^ iireaToKpieva, ixeihidaa^ h^
viro T?}9
" Tt
ovv Zei'9 ical pmcpov inraveh twv ocppvcov,
" "Dtoi^ Trepi fcal 'EcjîdXTov,
dv XeV^?/' 0^0-tV,
OTTOV KOl MeviTTTTo^ ijoXpLrjaev e9 tov ovpavov
dveXOetv; dXXd vvv pilv eirl êvia^" ere KoXovfiev,
avpiov 8e," " tt^p'^ ^^ ^^^^'^ XP^MaTiVai^T69
€(Pv,
diroirefifopiev:' fcal dpLa iâvaard^ e^dUêv 69
TO eTTr]Kod)TaTov tov ovpavov' fcaipo^ ydp rjv
eirl €vx<*^v /caOeteadat.

TMV
24 Merafu re Trpolcov dvUpive [xe irepl tmv iv
TTpaypidroyv, i/celva, iroaov

ra Trpcora p.ev
TV yfi
7rvp6<i iartv covlo^
'EXXaSo9, Kal eVl T779
vvv
KaOUero, Kal
el aôhpa vpicov 6 irepvai xî^l^^^
SelTat, irXeiovo^ e7rofi/3pia^. /xera
el Td Xdxava
1
Punctuation A.M.H. :
Fritzsche inserts
see translation.
^pil.cncrdi.euos after Baar, Sommerbrodt and others
<l>ofiepu>s ;
but note fxeyaXoipu^vias below. êvfa Mfeb.

excise (pofiepu>s ;
306
:

fierce. Titanic stare and said in a very terrible
voice
" What is your name, sir, whence do you come, and

where is your city and hearth-stone ? " ^
When I heard this, I nearly dropped dead of
fright, but stood my ground all the same, though

my jaw was hanging and I was thunderstruck by
the loudness of his voice. But in time I pulled
myself together and told him the whole story
clearly, starting at the very beginning how 1 —
wanted to learn about the heavenly bodies, how I
went to the philosophers, how I heard them con-
tradicting each other, how I got tired of being
pulled this way and that by their arguments, and
then about my idea and the wings and all the rest of
it till my arrival in Heaven and at the end I added
;
the message of the moon. Smiling and unbending

a little, Zeus remarked " What can one say to Otus
:
and Ephialtes when even a Menippus has the

hardihood to come up to Heaven ? However, we
invite you to be our guest for to-day, and to-morrow,
after we have taken action on the matters about
which you have come, we shall send you away."
With that he arose and walked toward the best
[)lace in Hea\en for hearing, as it was time to sit and
listen to the prayers.
As he walked along he asked me about things on
earth, first the usual questions, how much wheat now
costs in Greece, whether the last winter hit us hard
and whether the crops needed more rain. Then lie
^ The line occurs frequently in the Odyssey, e.g. 1, 170.
X 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Be Tjpcora el ti<; en XeiTrerai, tmv oltto êiBiov
KoX 8l fjv aiTiav iWeiiroLev KOrjvaloi ra Aidaia
^
"^
ToaovTcov eroyv, koX el to 'OXvfjLTrleiov ^ avro)
eiTLTeXecrai SiavoovvTai, /cal el o'vv6\7](f)dt]aav ol
TOP iv AcoScovrf veoov crecrvXyjfcoTef;.
'Evret Be irepl rovrcov aTreKpLvdfirjv, " EtVe /xot,
Mez/tTTTTe," " irepl Be ipLov ol dvdpcoTToc riva

ecfirj,
yvcofirjv exovai;'' " TtVa," e<f>r]v, '' Beairora, rj

TTfv evcre/Seo-rdrTjv, âacXea ae iravrayv eivai
Oecov; ' " YlaLêL<; e^coz/," €(f>r]'
" to Be îXoKaivov
avTMV d.Kpi^co'i olSa, Kav fxy Xey^j^;. rjv 'yap ttotg
')(p6vo<;, ore fcal p.dvTi<i eBoKOVv avrol^ Koi laTp6<;
Kol irdvra 6Xq)<; rjv eyw,
fxearal Be Alo^; iraaat fxev dyviait

iraa-ac 3' dvOpcoircov dyopar
Kol rj A(oB(ov7] Tore koI rj Ulcra Xa/xirpal kol

irepijSXe'TTTOL iracnv r)aav, viro Be rod Kairvov
tS)v Ov(tlmv ovBe dva/BXeireLv jjlol Bvvarov ef ov
Be ev AeX(f)oi(; [xev ÂttoXXcov to pLavrelov Kare-
arijaaro, ev Uepydfiw Be to larpelov 6 Âo-kXt}-
TTto? Kal TO BevBtBecov eyevero ev ^pciKr] kol to
ÂvovîBeiov ev AlyvTrrro Kal to ApTejuLLcnov ^
iv Êcpeao), eVl TavTa fxev aTravTe^; Oeovat Kal

TTavrjyvpei'^ dvdyovat Kal eKaTOfxâ^ TTapiaTaat
Kal 'X^pvaa<; irXivOov^ dvaTiOeaaiv^ ifie Be irapr)-
^TjKOTa iKavoi^ TeTC/jbrjKevat vo/j,Lôvaiv, av Bid
^ Cobet 'OXu/iireJOJ/,
"OXv/JLirieiof : ÔXvfiirtou MSS.
^ atr^ Seager avrusv MSS.
:
^ KoX xpyo"«s irXivdovs avaTiOeaai margin of T : not else-

whore.
308
inquired whether any of the descendants of Phidias
were still left^ "v^hy the Athenians had omitted the
Diasia for so many years^ wliether they had any idea
of finishing the Olympieion for him and Avhether the
men who robbed his temple in Dodona had been
arrested.^
When I had answered these questions^ he said :
" Tell me^ Menippus, what opinion do men hold

about me ? " " What opinion should they hold, sir/'
said I, " except the highest possible one, that you
are king of all the gods ? " " You are fond of your
joke," said he, " but I am thoroughly acquainted
with their craze for novelty even without your telling
me. There was once a time when they looked
upon me as a prophet and a healer, and I was all
in all ;
' Yea, full of Zeus were all the streets

And all the marts of men.'
At that time Dodona and

Pisa were rich and highly
regarded by all, and
could not even see for the
I
smoke of the sacrifices. But since Apollo founded

his oracle at Delphi and Asclepius his hospital in
Pergamos and the temple of Bendis arose in Thrace
and the temple of Anubis in Egypt and the temple
of Artemis in Ephesus, these are the places where
they all run and celebrate feast-days and bring heca-
tombs, and offer up ingots of gold, while I, they
think, being past my prime, am sufficiently honoured
^ The temple of Olympian Zeus at Athens was completed
by Hadrian a generation before these lines were written ;
and, if we may trust a casual reference to the Diasia in

Plutarch [de tranquil, an. 20), that festival had been re-
instituted in some form or other. Here again Lucian seems
to be following ^Menippus.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Trivre oXcov ircov dvcrcoaiv iv OXvfxiria. rotyapovv
yjrvxporepou^ av jjlov tgv^ I3co/xov(; i'ôi? roov HXciro)-
vo<; vo/JLcov 7] TMU ^pVGiinTov avWoyia/iicbvy
25 TotavO^ cifia Bie^LovT6<; dcjiLKVov/jbeOa €9 to ^ro-
piov evOa ehei avrov /cadeô/nevov hiaKovaai tmv
6U')(MV. OvpiB€<; Be rjaav ef?)? rot? <7TOfitoi<; tcju
(j^peaTOiv eoiKvlai Trcofcara 6')(ovaai, koL irap eKa-
ajr) Opovo^ eKeiTO ')(^pvaov<;. KaOuaa^; ovv eavrov
iirl T^9 TrpcoTfjf; oZeu? kol dcpeXcov to Trw/xa
7rapel)(€ toI<; ev)(ôixevGi<^ eavrov evxavro he irav-
Tayodev r/)? 7?}9 Bt.d<popa koI iroiKiXa. Gvprrrapaicv-
"vlra? yap fcal avT0<; eTrrjfcovov dfjia rcov ev^^cov,
Tjaav 3e roiatSe, *'^f2 Zev, âaCKevaai fjLOi
yevoLTO'^^ " 'H ZeO, to. fcpujjL/nvd /loi (puvac kciX to,
(TKopoBa'^^ " 'H OeoL, Tov irarepa /jloc ra-êco'^ diro-
Oavelv'^^ 6 Be t^? dv e(prj, " El.'6ê KXi^povofxqaaiixi
T>}9 yvvaiKOf;^ **
^We XdOoifii emôvXevaas rco
" Ao<;
dBeXdxp,^^ "Tevotro /jlol vifcfjcrat rrjv Blk>]v,'^
GTe<^6rjvai to, ÔXvjJiina. rcop TrXeovroyv Se 6 fxev

/Sopeav ev'Xêro eTTCirvevaaL, 6 Be vorov, 6 Be yecop-
709 yrei verov, 6 Be yi'a(f)€v<i rfkiov.
'FjTraKOVwv Be 6 Zet'9 kol Tr}V evy^rjv eKdarrjv

d^pi/Sco'^ eêrd^cov ov iravra v7n(T')(yelT0,
eBcoKe Trarrjp, erepov 8' dveveva-e*

a\X' erepov fjuev
Ta9 fxev yap BiKaia<^ rayv ev^^^ TrpoaUro dvco Bca
TOV (TTOfxiov KOI cttI rd Beîa KaTeTidei (pepcoVf

Ta9 Be dvoaiov<; dirpuKTOV^ avOi^; dTreTTepLTrev diro-
310
if they me once every four whole years
sacrifice to
at Olympia. Consequently, you can see for yourself
that my altars are more frigid than the Laws of
Plato or the Sjllogisms of Chrysippus."
Pursuing such topics, we came to the place where
he had to sit and hear the prayers. There was a
row of openings like mouths of wells, with covers
on them, and beside each stood a golden throne.
Sitting down by the first one, Zeus took off the cover
and gave his attention to the people v,ho were
praying. The prayers came from all parts of the
world and were of all sorts and kinds, for I myself
bent over the orifice and listened to them along
with him. They went like this " O Zeus, may I ;
succeed in becoming king " " O Zeus, make my I
onions and my garlic grow " " O ye gods, let my

!
father die quickly!"; and now and then one or

another would say ^' O that I may inherit my wife's
:
property!" ^Ô that I may be undetected in my

plot against my brother " " ^^^^<^y I succeed in
!
winning my suit " "^

Let me win the wreath at the
!
Olympic games " Among seafaring men, one was

!
praying for the north wind to blow, another for the

south wind and the farmers were praying for rain
;
wliile the washermen were praying for sunshine.

Zeus listened and weighed each prayer carefully,
but did not promise everything ;
" This by the Father was granted and that was denied
them." 1
You see,he let the just prayers come up through the
orifice and then took them and filed them away at
his right but he sent the impious ones back un-
;
1 Iliad 16, 250.

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
(pvacop KciTw, Lva fiijSe ttXijctlov yevoivro tov
ovpavov. eirl fiidf; Se tivo<; ev^V'^ f<^(î^ airopovvra
avTOP i6eaadiJ/t]v' hvo 'yap avhpoiv ravavTia ev')(p-
/jbivcov KoX Ta<; l'cra<; dvala^; vTria^voupevcop ovk

el')(ev oTTorepcp /jlciWov iinvevaeLev avrcov, axrre 8i]
TO AfcaSrjijiaifcov eKelvo eTreTTovOei koX ovBev ri

(iTTOcp^jvaadat SvvaTb<; rfv, aXh! toairep 6 Uvppcov
iiTel'xev en Kal SceaKeTrrero.
26 Evret Se tKavoy^ eVt top
e')(^priiJidrLae Tat<; euâts",
€^rj<; fiera/Sa^ dpovov Kal Sevrepav dvplSa

Tr)v
KaraKvyâ^ toI<; opKot^ iaôXaê Kal roi? 6[jlvv-
ovai. ')(prj/jiaTLaa<; Se Kal rovrotf; Kal tov ÊiTtlkov-
peiov 'FjpfioScjopov i7rLTpLyfra<; jieTeKaOeêTo eVl tov
e^^9 Opovov K\r}86(Tt Kal <p7]pai<; Kal olwvol'^
Trpoae^cov. elr' eKeWev inrl Tip tcov 6uaia)v
OvpiBa peTyetf Si* rj<^ 6 Kairvo^ dvtcov diri'^'y^/eWe
T(p All TOV 6vQVT0<^ eKaaTov Tovvopâ. d7roaTa<; Be
TovTcov 7rpocreTaTT6 rot? dve/jioi<; Kal rat? copat^ a
Set TTOielv " Ttjp.epov irapd ^Kv6ai<^ veTO), irapa
Ai^vcTLV daTpaiTTeTco, Trap ^'KWrjai VL(f)eTa), av
he 6 ôpea<; TTvevaov iv AvSla, av Be 6 Noro?
r}av')(iav a'ye, 6 Be Ze(f)vpo^ tov ÂBplav BiaKvpai-
veTCo, Kal T?}? âXaf>79 ocrov pêBip^voi ^(^LXioi
Bcaa KeBaa diJTCoaav virep KaTTTraSo/cta?.'
27 'ATrdvTcov Be rjBr) ayeBov avTO) BiWKrjpêvwv
aTTTjeipêv e?to av/jbTroacov Belirvov yap r)Br} Kai-
po^ Tjv Kai pe o 'Kpprj^; irapaXa^cov KUTeKXive
Trapa tov Udva Kal tou? }LopvâvTa^ Kal tov
"Attlv Kal TOV Xa/Sdîov, tov<; peTOiKov; tovtov^
Kal dp<l)iff6Xov<i deov<;. Kal dpTOV T€ rj Arj/jL7)T7]p
Trapelx^ k^^^ o Aiovvao'i olvov Kal 6 'Hyoa/cX?}?
granted, blowing them downward so that they might
not even come near Heaven. In the case of one
petition I observed that he was really in a dilemma :
when two men made contrary prayers and promised

equal sacrifices, he didn't know which one of them
to give assent to; so that he was in the same plight
as the Academicians and could not make any affirm-
ation at all, but suspended judgement for a while and
thought it over, like Pyrrho.
When he had given sufficient consideration to the
prayers, he moved to the next throne and the second
opening, leaned down and devoted himself to coven-
ants and peo})le making oaths. After considering
these and annihilating Hermodorus the Epicurean,
he changed his seat to the next throne to give his
attention to omens derived from sounds and sayings
and the flight of birds. Then he moved from there
to the sacrifice-opening, through which the smoke
came up and told Zeus the name of each man who
was sacrificing. On leaving the openings, he gave
orders to the winds and the weather, telling them
what to do '' Let there be rain to-day in Scythia,
:
lightning in Libya, snoAv in Greece. North Wind,

blow^ in Lydia. South Wind, take a day off. Let
the West Wind raise a storm on the Adriatic, and
let about a thousand bushels of hail be sprinkled over
Cappadocia."
By this time he had pretty well settled everything,
and we wênt away to the dining-hall, as it was time
for dinner, Hermes took me in charge and gave me
a place beside Pan and the Corybantes and Attis and
Sabazius, those alien gods of doubtful status.
Demeter gave me bread, Dionysus wine, Heracles
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Kpea Kol yLtupra r] ^ A.<^ pohirri kol 6 YlocreLScov fiat-
viSa'^. afia 8e koI t^9 aii^po(Tia<; rjpe[ia /cal rov

veKTapoî irapeyevopirjv' 6 yap êXrLcnof; VavvfMrj^7]<;
V7T0 (piXai'OpcoTTia'; el Oedcrairo airo^XeTTovra
TTOV Tov Aia, fcoTvXrjv av rj kol Buo tov veKrapo^
eve^(€i /.iot (f)epcov. ol Se 6eoi, w<;"Op.iip6<^ ttov Xeyei
KaOdirep eyoa raKel TcOeap.evo's),
(fcal avTO^;, oipâc,
'
0UT6 (TLTOV eSovcTiv, " ov TTivova aWoiva olvoVy
dWa T}]v ufi/Spocnav TrapanOevraL koI tov veKra-
po<; /jLeOvcTKOVTaL, ixaXiara Be TjBovrac crcrovfjievoi
TOV eic TOiv OvaLcov Kairvov avTJ} Kviar} dvevrjvey-
fie'vov ^ /cal to al/ia Be tmv ispeicov, o TOi<^ /Swôi?
01 6vovTe<; irepLêovcriv.
tiv 06 T(p oeiiTvcp o T€ AttoWcov eKLuapiae Kai
'Ec\7]vo'=; KopBaKa oypxi'iaaTO Koi al ^lovcrai dva-
GTctaai Trj^ re 'HcrôSou Seoyovia^; yaav 7]/jliv
fcal TTjv TrpctiTTjv (pB-qv twv vp^vcov tCov YiLvBdpov.

KajreiBr] fcopo^; rjv, dveiravopieOa w? el')(êv eKaaTO^
iKavo)^ viTo/SiSpeyfievoL.-
28 dWoL pbev pa Oeoi re Ka\ dvep€<^ iTTTTo/copvaTal

evBov 7ravvv)(toL, ep.e 3' ov/c €)(€ vjjBvpLO^; vttvo^'
dve\oyiô/jL7}i' fxlv Kal dWa, p.d\iaTa

yap TToWa
Be eKelva, 7rw9 ev ToaovTfo XP^^^P ^ AttoWcov ov
^vaete ircoycova rj ttw? yivoLTO ^ vv^ ev ovpavQi tov
i)\iov 7Tap6vT0<; del Kal avvevo)xovpevov.
Tore /xev ovv puKpov tl fcaTeBapOov. ecoOev Be
BtavaaTa^ 6 Zev<; TrpoaeTaTTe KTjpvTTeiv eKK\rj-
' av^vqveyijL^vov Struve : ai'r}vey/j.4i'ov MSS.
'^
viTo0e^peyua-oi ~, vulg. vTroffeffpey/xevos
: MSS.
^ ylioiTO A. M.H. iyi'.'€TO, iyfuero MSS.
:
;
ylv^rai vulg.
lueatÂphrodite perfume and Poseidon sprats. But
I had surreptitious tastes of the ambrosia and
also
the nectar, for G.mymede, bless his heart, had so
much of human kindness about him that whenever
he saw Zeus looking another way he would hastily
pour me out a mouthful or two of the nectar. But
as Homer says somewhere or otlier/ —
having seen
what was there, I suppose, just like me— the gods
themselves neither eat bread nor drink ruddy v»ine
but have ambrosia set before them and get drunk on
nectar; and tliey are especially fond of dining ou
the smoke from the sacrifices, which comes up to
them all savoury, and on the blood of the victims
that is shed about the altars when people sacrifice.
During dinner Apollo })layed the lute, Silenus
danced the can-can and the Muses got up and sang
us something from Hesiod's Theogony and the first
song in the Hvmns of Piiidar.^ When we had had
enough we composed ourselves for the night without
any ceremony, being pretty well soused.
^ All the others, the gods and the warriors chariot-
owning.
Slept until morning, but I was unbound by the
fetters of slumber," ^
forI was thinking about many things, above all how
Apollo had not grown a beard in all this while, and

how it gets to be night in Heaven with Helius
always there and sharing the feast.
Well, as I say, I slept but little that night, and in
the early morning Zeus got up and ordered procla-
1 Iliad 5, 341.
' Like the Theoyony, this seems to have been a sort of
Olympian Peerage cf. fragment 29 (Schroeder p. 39-i).
;
3 liiad 2, 1 f.
-lis
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
29 (Tiav. KiiTreiSi] iraprjcrav airaineî, ap)(€TaL Xiyetv
" Tijv atTLav rov avvayayetu vfid^ 6 ^(Ôiôf;
/jL€v
OUTO? feVo9 TTapeaxîTai' iraXat he ôvKofxevo^

vfjulv KOLVGoaaaOai irepl tcov (f)i,\ocr6(f)(ov, fidXcara
I'lro T?}9 ê\^]vrj<^ kol mv eKeivi] /Jbi/Kperai irpo-

rpairel^ eyvcov /jbrj/cir eVl irXeov Traparetvat tt^v
hidcTKe'^tv.
" Tevo<; yap tl dvOpcoircov earlv ov irpo iroXKov
T(p jSiO) eTrcTToXaaav dpyov ^CKoveiKOv /cevoSoôv
o^vôXov viTo\i')(yov vTroficopov rervcpco/nevov
vl3peco<i difdirXeayp koI iva /ca6^ 'Ofitjpov ecTrco
*
irojaioi d')(6o<; tolvvv
dpovpif^.^ et9 ovroi
av(TTi]p.aTa diaipe6evT€<; koL BLa<popov(; Xoycov
Xa/SvpLvdov^; îrtvoi'jaavTe^ ol fiev XtcoIkov^
(MVOfidKao'iv eavTov<;, ol Be AKahrifiaiKOv^, ol Be ^
ÊiiTLKOvpeiOV^, ol he UepL7raT7]rifcov<i kol aXXa

TToXXfo yeXoLorepa tovtcov eireiTa he ovo/xa ae/xvov
Tr)v dperrjv ireptOe/xevoL koI rd<^ 6(f)pv<; e7rdpavTe<;
Koi rd fiercoTra pvTihodaavTe^^ kol tov<s 7rcoycova<;
eTTiaTTaad/jLevot TreptepyôvTai eiriirXdcrTW a')(i]iJLaTL
icardiTTvaTa 1)67] TreptareWovref;, efKpepec^; fjud-
\i(TTa TOi? Tpayifcoi<; ifcelvoif; v7roKpLTal<;, mv rjv

d(jie\r} Tt9 rd irpocrwirela koi ttjv ')(^pvcr67raaT0i^
eKeiv>']v aroXrjV, to KaTaXeiiroyievov ean yeXolov
dvOpcomov eirrd hpa'X^fioiv eV rov dyoiva fiefxiaOoi-
fievov.
''
30 ToLOVTOt he ovre^ dvOpcoircdv /lev aTrdvTcov
/caracppovovcTL, irepl Oecov he dWoKora hieêp-
yovrar koi avvdyovTe<; eveâirdrrjra pLeipdKia
rrjv re TToXvOpvXrjTOV dpeTTjv Tpay(phov<JL /cal Ta9
Tcbv \6ycov diropia'; eKhihdaKovai, koI 7rpo<; fxev
1 Koi TO /.ceVajTro pvTidi-:<rauT€s margin of T : not elsewhere.
316
mation for an assembly to be made. When every-
body was there, he began to speak :
*' The reason for calling you together is supplied,
of course, by our visitor here of yesterday, but 1

have long wanted to confer with you about the
philosophers, and so, being stirred to action by the
moon in particular and the criticisms that she makes,
I have decided not to put oft' the discussion any
longer.
" There is a class of men which made its
appearance in the world not long ago, lazy, dis-
putatious, vainglorious, quick-tempered, gluttonous,
doltish, addle-pated, full of effi'ontery and to use
the language of Homer, â useless load to the soil.' ^
Well, these people, dividing themselves into schools
and inventing various word-mazes, have called them-
selves Stoics, Academics, Epicureans, Peripatetics
and other things much more laughable than these.
Then, cloaking themselves in the high-sounding name
of Virtue, elevating their eyebrows, wrinkling up
their foreheads and letting their beards grow long,
they go about hiding loathsome habits under a
false garb, very like actors in tragedy for if you
;
take away from the latter their masks and their

gold-embroidered robes, nothing is left but a
comical little creature hired for the show at seven
drachmas.
"But although that is what they are, they look
with scorn on all mankind and they tell absurd
stories about the gods collecting lads who are easy
;
to hoodwink, they rant about their far-famed

^ Virtue and teach them their insoluble fallacies
'
;
and in the presence of their disciples they always

1 Iliad IS, 1U4.
3^7
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Tov<; fjLa6r)Ta(i Kapjepiav ael Koi (Ta)(f)p0(7vvr)v kcll
TO avTapKe<; eTraivovcn koI ttXovtov koI rjSovrji;
^
fcaraTTTvovcrL, jxovol he koX Ka9^ eavTov<; yevo/juevoc

n av XeyoL ti<; ocra fiev eaOiovcrLV, oaa he
cK^pohiaidôvaLV, ottcos he TreptXetôfcrt rcov
60oXmv TOV pVTTOV;
**
To he irdpTcov heivoTarov, otl firjhev avrol firire
KOLVov fiijre thiov eViTeXouj/re?, aXX! ay^peloL kol
TTepiTTol KadeaTMTe^
ovT€ TTOT ev TToXe/xo) evapiOfMLOL ovT ivl IBovXfjy
oficoî aXkcov KaTtfyopovaL koX Xoyov^; Tivav6TaT6<; re fj fcal lTa/jLa)TaTO<i
31 fcal 7rpo9 Ta? /SXacrcpTj/jLiaf; Opacrvrarof;. kultoi
TOP hiaTecvofievov auTov kol ôcovTa /cal /caTrj-
yopovvTa tmv dXXcov tjv eprj, %v he hrj tl*
irpoLTTCOv Tvy^dvei<; rj tl (Pcofiev 7rpo<; Oecov ere irpo';

TOV IBLov crvvreXelv; âir) dv, el ra htKaia koI
*
dX7]6rj OeXoi Xeyeiv, otl YiXelv piev r) yewpyelv rj

*
aTpaTeveaOat r) Tiva Te")(yr]v fieTievac ireptTTOv

elvai pLOL hoicel, KeKpaya he koi au^yita) koX 'yjrv^po-
XovToy fcal dvvTrohi'jTO^; tov yeipLOivo'^ 7r€piep')(ôp,ai
/cal Tpi/3cova pvirapov 7repLffe/3X)]p,ac^ Kal coairep 6
McoyLto? TO. VTTO TWi^ dXXcov yiyvo/jteva avKO(f)avT(Jo,
Kal el pLev Tt9 CD^frcovTjKe tcov TrXovalcov 7roXvT€X(i)<;
rj eTaipav 6%£t, tovto ttoXvtt pay piovcii Kal dya-
^ KoL rh aurapKîs margin of T.
'^
Kaivas margin of F rii'as vulg.
:
^ Kol Tplfioova ^viraphv TrepifieÂrjfxai margin of T : not else-

where.
3r8
sing the praise temperance and
of restraint and
self-sufficiency and spit at wealth and pleasure^
but when they are all by themselves, how can
one describe how much they eat, how much they
indulge their passions and how they lick the filth
offpennies ?
" Worst of though they themselves do no good
all,
either in public or in private life but are useless and

superfluous,
^ Neither in war nor in council of any account,' ^ .
nevertheless they accuse everyone else they amass ;
biting phrases and school themselves in novel terms

of abuse, and then they censure and reproach their
fellow-men and whoever of them is the most noisy
;
and impudent and reckless in calling names is held

to be the champion. But if you were to ask the
very man who is straining his lungs and bawling and
accusing everybody else: How about yourself?
^
What do you really do, and what in Heaven's name

do you contribute to the world ? he would say, if '
he were willing to say what was right and true I :

'
hold it unnecessary to be a merchant or a farmer or a

soldier or to follow a trade I shout, go dirty, take
;
cold baths, walk about barefoot in winter, wear a

filthy mantle and like Momus carp at everything the
others do. If some rich man or other has made an
extravagant outlay on a dinner or keeps a mistress, I
make it my affair and get hot about it; but if one of
1 Biad 2, 202.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
vaKTCo, el 8e tmv (J)lXo)v tl^ y kralpwv KaTaKeiTac
voaoiv eTTLKovpia'^ re koI 6epa7r€La<; Seofieuo^;,
" ToLavra p.ev iartv vfjilv, co 6eoi, ravra ra Ope/x-

32 uara. ol Se Srj 'FjiriKovpetoi avrcov Xeyo/xevoi
fjuaXa St) Kol v/SptcrraL elcn koI ov /jL€TpL(o<^ rjfiMV
KaOdiTTOvraL fxi'ire iTrifieXeladac tmv av6 pwirivwv
XiyovTeî tou? Oeov<^ p^r^re 6\go<; tcl ycyvopêva
eTTLo-KOTTelv' W(TT€ iopa vpZv XoyiêaOai Store rjv
aira^ ovtol ireiaat rov fiiov SvvyjOcoaip, ov p€Tpico<;
ireivrjo-eTe. rt? yap av en Ovaeiev vpilv ifKeov
ovSev eêiv irpoahoKMv;
" "Â fxev yap i) êXi^vrj aiTiarai, 7rdvT6<; rjKOv-
aare rov êvov %ê9 St'qyovp.evov. Trpb^; ravra
jSovXeveade a Kal rot? dv6pco7roi<^ yevotr av o)(j)6-
Xtp^corara Kal rjpZv dcrcfâXearara.

33 EtVoz^TO? ravra rov A609 rj iKKXrjaia hieredopv-
^r]ro} Kal evOv^ e/36(i)v diravref;, '' KepavvwaovT
*'
Kard^Xeôv,^^ '^ iirlrpLyjrov,^' ** 69 to /SdpaOpov,^'
" €9 rov Tdprapov,^' " 0)9 tou9 Viyavra^.^^ riav')(iav
he 6 Zei'9 avOf^ TrapayyeuXa^, ""Karat ravra (09
ôvXeaOe,^^ €(f)r}, "Kal Trdvre<^ elTtrpi^\rovrat avrj}
BtaXeKrtKrj, irXrjv ro ye vvv eivat ov 6ep.t^
KoXaadrjvai rtva' lepo/jtrjvia yap iartv, 0)9 care,
p/rjvcov rovrcov rerrdpcov, Kal yBrj rrjv eKeêtptav
TTepttjyyetXdp^Tjv. 69 veora ovv dpôpbevov rjpo<;
KaKol KaKM^ diToXovvrat rw apuephaXew KepavvStT
rj Kal Kvaverjatv err oc^pvat vevae K.povto)v.
34 " Hepl Be rovrovl MeviTTTrov ravra^ e(f)7],
" p,ot
^ 5i€T€6opvfir]TO Bekker : SieTidpvWrjTo {SiareO.) 7 ;

SifdpuX-
AfWo )8.
320
my friends or associates is ill abed and needs relief
and attendance^ I ignore it.'
" That is what these whelps are like, gods.
Moreover, some of them who call themselves
Epicureans are very insolent fellows indeed and
attack us immoderately, saying not only that the
gods do not direct human affairs, but that they pay
no attention at all to what goes on. So it is high
time you were bethinking yourselves that if they
ever are able to persuade the world, you will go
uncommonly hungry for who would continue to
;
sacrifice to you if he expected to gain nothing by it ?

" As for what the moon finds fault with, you all
heard the stranger tell about that yesterday. In
view of all this, take such action as may be most ad-
vantageous to men and most salutary for ourselves."
When Zeus had finished this speech the assembly
fell into a commotion, and at once they all began to
shout: "Blast them," "Burn them," "Annihilate
them"; "To the pit," "To Tartarus," "To the
Giants." Calling for silence once more, Zeus said :
" It shall be as you will they shall be annihilated,

;
and their logic with them. However, just at

present it is not in order to punish anyone, for it is
the festival-season, as you know, during the next
four months, and I have already sent about to
announce the truce of God. Next year, therefore,
at the opening of spring the wretches shall die
a wretched death by the horrid thunderbolt."
" So spake Cronus his son, and he bent black brows to
confirm it " ^
!
''As to Menippus here," he said, "this is my

1 Iliad 1, 5'28.
321
VOL. II. Y
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
So/cer TT€piaipe9eina avrov ra
irrepd, Iva jxr) KaX
rrjv^y^v
avOi^ 6\6r] TTore, vtto tgv 'Epfiov e?
KareveyOriâL Truxepovr Kal o fiev ravra etircov^
roy
SaXvae TOP avWoyov, e>e Se 6 KvWijvco^
Kare-
Se^LOV coTO? aiTO/cpefidaa^ irepl eairepav xê?
êpcov 6^ TOP KepafieiKov.
dil/ce „ ,^
''Airavra aKrjKoa^, diravTa, w eratpe, ra^
UoifCiXy
ovpavov' aTTeifii Toivvv Kal rot? ev rfj
TTepnrarovai tmv (pL\oa6(j>(OP avra raina
evay
ye\iov/JLevo<i.
322
irom mm so tJiat he may never

come aâin
earned down to earth to-day let liim he
he dismiQQ^ri fi,^ J bv Hermfs -
^.v oeimes. \ViTlu
V\iththis
"hereupon
(HermeT^ôk.^ "^t "% Cvllenius
y 2
TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
It ia very doubtful whether the fifth century Timon of
Athens would have recognized himself in this presentment.
The comic poets of his own day tell us only that he was a
misanthrope. From. Lucian we hear that he became so
through the ingratitude of his friends, who took his money
and then turned tlieir backs upon him, and further that the
discover}'' of aburied treasure enabled him to requite them
with poetic justice. Of these tv\o essential features of
Lucian's portrait, the first is older tlian Lucian, for Plutarch
and Strabo say that Mark Antony, when his friends deserted
him, compared himself with Timon. The second occurs first
in Lucian, and may be his invention. We know, however,
that Antiphanes, a writer of the Middle Comedy, produced a
play called Timon. As the discovery of the treasure and the
punishment of the toadies would make a fitting conclusion
for a comedy, and as it is rather hard to imagine what other
conclusion the comedy of Antiphanes can have had, we
should perhaps credit the whole conception to the imagina-
tion of Antiphanes, infivienced, possibly, by the history of
"Master Upright" in the Plutiis of Aristophanes. It does
not follow, however, that Lucian had read the Timon, for its
plot may have been outlined in tlie life of Timon whicli
Neanthes of Cyzicus compiled about 200 B.C.
The indebtedness of Shakespeare to Lucian requires no
comment.
TiMQN H MiSANepnnoS
TIMnN
*n ZeO (f)i\ieKOI êvie Koi eraipele koi i(f)eaTi€
Kol d<jT€po7rr}Ta Kal op/cce Koi V6<pe\r]y€peTa /cat
iplySovire fcal et rt ere aWool ifi^povTTjroc
7roit]TaX KoXovai, —koi /jidXiara orav o/Kopwai
iTpo<^ TO, /jiirpa' Tore yap avTOi<; itoXvoovvijlo^ yivo-
fxevo^ vrrepeiêi^; to ttIittov tov fxerpov Kal dva-
7r\7]pol<^ TO Ke')(rjvo<; tov pvd/Jbov — ttov aoL vvv 77
eptafidpayo'^ daTpairi^ Kal rj ffapv^pofio^; jSpovTrj
Kal 6 aWaXou^ Kal apyr)€L<; Kal ajJiephaXeo^
Kepavvo^; airavTa yap TavTa \r]po<^ rjhrj dvairk-
<f)r}V€ Kal Ka7rvo<; dT€)(yM'^ ttoltjtlko^ e^co tov
TTaTdyov tmv ovofidTcov. to Be doiSifiov aoi Kal
€K7)^6\0V OTtXoV Kal TTpOX^l'pOV OVK olS* OTTCO^
reXew? direa^rj Kal yjrvxpov iaTi, firjSe oXlyov
amv6?ipa opyr)^ KaTO, to)V dSiKOvvTcov Bia(f)v\dT-
Tov. OcLTTov yovv TMV eTTiopKelv Tif; eTrtêtpovvTcov
€(o\ov pvaWiSa (jôîiOeiri dv rj ttjv tov iravha-
fjuaTopo^; Kepavvov <p\6ya' ovtco SaXov Tiva iir-
avaTeiveadai Bokcl'^ avTol*;, 609 Trvp jxev rj KaTrvov
dir avTOv fxy-j BeSierat, fiovov he tovto oteaOat
diroXaveiv tov TpavfiaTO^;, otl dvaifkrio-OrjaovTai
T779 da/SoXov.
"D.aT6 rjSr) Bia TavTa aoc Kai o XaXficovev; dvTL-
PpovTOLv eToX/jLa, ov irdvv tl^ diriOavo'^ mv, irpoî
^ irduv Ti Fritzsche
: irdvTr] MSS.
326
!

TIMON
Ho, Zeus, you Protector of Friends and Guests and
Comrades, Keeper of the Hearth, Lord of the
Lightning, Guardian of Oaths, Cloud-Compeller,
Loud-thunderer and whatever else crazy poets call
you, above all when they are in trouble with their
verses, for then to help them out you assume a
multitude of names and so shore up the weak spots in
their metre and fill up the gaps in their rhythm
Where now is your pealing levin, your rolling thunder
and your blazing, flashing, horrid bolt ? ^ All that
has turned out to be stuff and nonsense, pure poetic
vapour except for the resonance of the names.
That famous, far-flying, ready weapon of yours has
been completely quenched in some way or other
and is cold, not even retaining a tiny spark of
resentment against wrong doers. Indeed, anyone
who should undertake to commit perjury would be
more afraid of a guttering rushlight than of the
blaze of your all-conquering thunderbolt. What
you menace them with is such a mere firebrand, they
think, that they do not fear flame or smoke from it
and expect the only harm they will get from the
stroke is to be covered with soot.
That is why even Salmoneus dared to rival your
thunder, and he was far from ineffective at it, for
1 Cf. Eur. Phoen. 182.
327
THE WORKS QF LUCIAN
ovTco yjrv^^pbv ttjv opyrjv dkia Oep/jLOvpyo'; dvrjp
lJb€ya\av)(ôv/iievo<;. ttw? yap ov;^ orrov ye KaOdirep
VTTo fxav^payopa KaOevhei^, 09 ovre tmv eiriopKovv-
Tcov cLKOvecf; ovre tov<; dSi/couvTa<; e7naK0iTel<^,
\T]/xa<; Se Kal dp,^\va)TT€i<; tt/jo? ra yivo/xeva koI
ra cora ifc/ce/coo^rjcrai KadaTrep 01 irapr^jBiiKOTe'^.
eVel reo? ye en Kal 6^v6vfio<; o)v Kal dKfialo<; ryv

opyrjv TToWd Kara twv dBiKcov Kal ^lalcov eTroieL^
Kal ovSeirore rjye^; Tore tt/oo? avTOv<i eKex^tpiav,
a)OC del evepyo^ 7rdvTco<; Kepavvo<; rjv Kal rj alyl<}
cTreaeiero Kal rj jSpovrr] eTrarayelTo Kal 77 darpaTrrj
avve'xe^ wairep et? dKpo/SoXia/jbov TrporjKovrlêro'
ol aeiafiol Se KoaKCVTjSov Kal rj %£a)t' acoprjSov Kal
7] ')(^d\aâ TrerpTjSov, iva <toc (j)opTtK6)<; SLaXeycofxac,
veroi re paySaloi Kal ^laioi, 7roTa/jLo<; eKaarrj
araycov toare TrjXcKauTrj ev dKapel ^(^povov
vavayia rov AevKa\Lcovo<^ eyevero, &>? vtto-
iirl
^pv')(i(DV dirdvTwv KarahehvKOTcov fioyc^ ev ri

Ki^coTLOV irepLcrwOrjvaL irpoaoKeTkav tw AvKcopel
^COTTVpOV TL TOV dvdpCOTTLVOV (TTTep/jLaTOfi BLa(j)V\dT-
Tov €69 eTTiyovrjv KaKia^ jnelôvof;.
TotydpTOt aKoKovOa T7]<; paOv/ula^; raTrtê^pa
KO/jLi^r) Trap* avrcov, ovre Ovovro^ ere aoL tlvo<; ovre
are(f)avovvTo<;, el fxri rc<i dpa irdpepyov 'OXv/jlttlcov,

Kal ovTO<; ov irdw dvayKala TvoLelv Sokcov, dX)C eh
eOo^ TL dp')(cilov crvvreXcbv' Kal Kar oXlyov K.povov
ae, 0) Oeoyv yevvaiorare, dirocjiaivovai, Trapcoadfievoi
Trj<; TL/JL'f]<;. io) Xeyeiv, iTOcrdKt^ 7]Sr] gov tov vecov
aeavXrjKaa-LV ol Se Kal avrw aol Ta9 ')(elpa<i
^ irws yap oh du Soul : ttws yap MSS.
328
1
he was a man of fiery deeds flaunting his prowess in
the face of a Zeus so lukewarm in spirit. And why
not, when you lie asleep as if you were drugged
with mandragora ? You neither hear perjurers nor
see wrong-doers you are short-sighted and purblind
;
to all that goes on and have grown as hard of hearing

as a man in his dotage. Yet while you were still
young and quick-tempered and violent in your wrath,
you were very active against sinners and oppressors
and you never made truce with them then. No,
your bolt was always busy at all costs your aegis ;
shook, your thunder pealed, and your lightning was

launched out incessantly like skirmish fire. The
earth shook like a sieve, the snow fell in heaps, the
hail was like cobblestones (if I may talk with you
familiarly), and the rain-storms were fierce and
furious, every drop a river consequently, such a flood
;
took place all in a moment in the time of Deucalion

that when everything else had sunk beneath the
waters a single chest barely escaped to land at
Lycoreus, preserving a vital spark of human seed
for the engendering of greater wickedness.
The result is that you are reaping the fruit of
your laziness. Nobody either sacrifices or wears
wreaths in your honour any longer, except now and
then a man who does it as something incidental to
the games at Olympia and even in that case he
;
does not think he is doing anything at all necessary,

but just contributes to the support of an ancient
custom. Little by little, most noble of the gods,
they have ousted you from your high esteem and
are turning you into a Cronus. I will not say how
many times they have robbed your temple already :
some of them, however, have actually laid their
329
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ÔXv/JLTTiamv iTTi/Be^XiJKacn, /cat av o v'^tl3p€/j.€Ti]<;
MKV7]aa<; rj avaaryâai tov<; Kvva<; rj rov<; yeirora^;
eirLKaXeo-aaOaL, a><; ÔT^hpofirjaavre^; avTov<; av\-
\dl3oL€V en aucrK€vaôjjL6Vov<; ttô? Tr)v (f)vyi]v'
aXX' 6 yevvalo^ kol TiyavroXeTcop koX Tiravo-

Kpdrcop eKaOrjao tov<; irXofcd/jLov; TT€pLKeip6fievo<;
VTT^ avTMVy êKd7Tr)'^vv Kepavvov e%&>i^ iv rrj
Seîa.
Tavra tolvvv, m Oavfjudaie, irrjviKa iravaeTai
ovTco'; dfjL€\(t}<; Trapopcofieva; t] irore KoXda€i<; ryjv
Tocravrrjp dhiKiav; iroaoi âeOovTe<; i) AevKa-
Xi.a)V€<; iKavol 7rpb<; ovt(o<^ virepavrXov vjBpiv tou
5 îov; 'iva yap rd Koivd idaa^ rdpd eiirw,
TOcrovTOVf; ÂdrjvaLcov et? vyjrof; apa^ fcal irXovaiov;
ifc TrevecTTdrwv d7ro(^r)va<^ Kal irdac roi<; BeofjL6voi<;
eTTiKOvprjaa'^, fjuaXXov he dOpoov el<; evepyealav

TMV (f)iXa)V e/cêa<^ rov ttXovtov, eTreiSr) 7revr}<^ Scd
Tavra eyevo/jirjv, ovKen ovBe yvcopiô/jiat TTyOo?
avTMv ovSe irpoajBXeirovcnv ol Tea>9 VTroTrrija-
(7ovT€<^ fcal 7rpo(TKVvovvTe<; Kate rov e/jLov v€v/jLaTO<;
dTrrjprrifievoL, dXX^ rjv ttov kol oSo) âSi^cov evTv)(^co

Ttvl avTOJV, axTirep rivd (TTTjXrjv iraXaiov veKpov
virrlav vtto tov y^povov dvarerpafipêvriv irapep-
'ôvrai fMTjSe dvayv6vTe<;. ol 8e Kal TroppcoOev
lB6vTe<; erepav ifcrpeTrovrat hvaavrr^rov Kal diro-
rpoiraiov 6eap.a oyjrea-OaL v7roXafi^dvovTe<; rov ov
irpo TToXXov awrrjpa Kal evepyerrjv avTcov yeyevrj-
G jjuevov. ware vtto tcop KaKcop eirl ravTrjv ryp
330
hands upon your own person at Olympia, and you,
High-thundercr though you be, were too sluggish to
rouse the dogs or to call in the neighbours that they
might come to your rescue and catch the fellows
while they were still packing up for flight. No,
you noble Giant-killer and Titan-conqueror, you sat
still and let them crop your long locks, holding a
fifteen-foot thunderbolt in your right hand ^ !
Come, you marvellous ruler, when will you stop

overlooking these things in such a careless way ?
When will you punish all this wrong-doing ? How
many conflagrations and deluges will be enough to
cope with such overwhelming insolence in the world ?
For instance, let me put aside generalities and speak
of my own case. After raising so many Athenians
to high station and making them rich when they
were wretchedly poor before and helping all who
were in want, nay more, pouring out my wealth in
floods to benefit my friends, now that I have become
poor thereby I am no longer recognized or even
looked at by the men who formerly cringed and
kowtowed and hung upon my nod. On the contrary,
if I chance to meet any of them in the road, they
treat me as they would the gravestone of a man long
dead which time has overturned, passing by with-
out even a curious glance. Indeed, some of them,
on catching sight of me in the distance, turn off in
another direction, thinking that the man who not
long ago showed himself their saviour and benefactor
will be an unpleasant and repulsive spectacle. There-
^ According to Pausanias (v. 11, 1), tlie Zeus at Olympia
held a Victory in his right hand and a sceptre surmounted

by an eagle in his left. This is borne out by late coins (see
Gardner, Greek Sculpture, p. 259). The error is odd in so
good an observer as Luciau.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
iaârtav rpaTrofievo^ evay^dêvo^; Si(f)Oepav ipyd-
iôiiai TTjv <yr]v viroixiaOo^ 6/3oX(i)V rerrdpayv, rfj
eprj/jiia /cat rfj StfceWrj 7Tpoa(^L\oao<ô)v. ivravOa
TOVTO jovv fxoi BoKco K€p8av€LV, /ji7]K€Ti 6-ylr€(j6ac
TToWoix; irapa irjv dîav ev TrpdrTOvraf;' dviapo-
repov yap tovto ye.
rioT) TTore ovv, co rLpovov Kai Fea? vie, rov
âOvv TOVTOV virvov dTrocreicrdpevo'!; /cat vrjhvpLov
— virep Tov ^^TTLfjLevih'qv yap KeKoifiricrai — Ka\
^
dvappiiTiaa^ tov Kepavvov rj ck TrJ9 AlVz^ry?
ivavadp,evo<; fieydXrjv 'TroLrjaa<; rr]v (f)\6ya iiri-
heiâio Tiva ^(oKrjv avSpcoSov^ Kal veaviKov Ai6<;,

el fiT] dXrjdrj ecrrt ra viro KprjTMV Trepi aov fcal
T^9 i/cel Ta(f)rj<; pLvOdKoyovfjieva,
ZEY5
Tt9 ouTo? i<7Tiv, 0) 'Rp/jLTJ, 6 /ceKpaya)<^ ifc T779
ÂrriKrjf; irapa tov T/jltjttov ev ttj vTTwpeia
iTtvapo^ 0X0^ /cal avy^pMv Kal virohiÔepo'^;
(TKdiTTei he olfxaL eTTLKeKUcpax;' \d\o<^ dvOpo)7ro<;
Kal Opaav'^, rj irov î\6ao(po<; eaTiv ov yap av
oi/TG)9 dcre/Selî tov^; \6yov<; Bie^yei Ka6^ rj/jbcov.
EPMH2
Tt ^^9, 0) irdrep; dyvoel^ Tlp^cova tov
'Ej)(êKpaTiSov tov JôWvTea; " ovto<; eaTLV ttoX-
\dKt<; rjfjbd<; KaO' lepwv TeXeucov eaTidaa^;, o
veorrXovTO^;, 6 Ta.9 oXa9 eKaTop^jSa*;, Trap (p
XafiTTpw^ eopTdêtv eld)6a/jL€v to, Aidaia,

1 AItvvs Faber Olrris MSS,
:
2 The MSS. have KoAurreahere, and KoAurrevsin-ii and 50.

fore my wrongs have driven me to this outlying
farm, where, dressed in skins, I till the soil as a
hired labourer at four obols a day, philosophizing
with the solitude and with my pick. By so doing, I
expect to gain at least thus much, that I shall no
longer see a great many people enjopng undeserved
success for that, certainly, would be more pamful.
;
Come then, son of Cronus and Rhea, shake off at

length that deep, sound sleep, for you have slumbered
longer than Epimenides ^ fan your thunderbolt
;
into flame or kindle it afresh from Aetna, and make

a great blaze, evincing anger worthy of a stalwart
—
and youthful Zeus unless indeed the tale is true
that the Cretans tell about you and your tomb in
their island.
ZEUS
Who
is that, Hermes, who is shouting from Attica,
near Hymettus, in the foot-hills, all dirty and
squalid and dressed in skins ? He is digging, I
think, with his back bent. A mouthy fellow and an
impudent one. Very likely he is a philosopher,
otherwise he would not talk so impiously against
us.
HERMES
What, father ! Don't you know Timon of Colly-
tus, the son of Echecratides ? He is the man who
often treated us to perfect sacrifices the one who
;
had just come into a fortune, who gave us the com-

plete hecatombs and used to entertain us brilliantly
at his house during the Diasia.
* Epimenides of Crete fell asleep in a cave and did not

wake for forty years or more.
333
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ZEY2
irepi ov ol toctoutoi (piXoi; n iraOcbv ovv tolovto^

ianv, av)(^/jLr)p6<i, dO\Lo<;,^ koX atcairavev^ fcal
/jbiadayTo^;, &)9 eoL/cev, ovrco âpelav fcaracpepeop rr)v
SiKeWav;
EPMH5
OuTCoal fiev eliretp, ^/5r;o-TOT?;9 iTrerpi^jrep avrov
KoX (îXavOpcDirla koL o irpo'^ tov^ heopêvov^;
airavTaf; oIkto<;, w<; Se aXrjOel Xoyo), dpoia koI
evqOeia koI uKpiala irepl tcov (^lXcdv, 09 ov avvUt
Kopa^L Kol XvKOi<; ')(âpit^6iJLevo^, aXX^ vtto yvTrcov
ToaovTcov 6 /caKoSai/jLcov /ceipopevoî to rjirap
(piXovî elvat avTOV<; kol eraipov^; oieTO, vtt evvoia<i
Trj<; 7r/)09 avrov 'âipovTa<i rfj fiopa' ol he ra oara
yvfjLPCoaavT€<i a/cyot/3co9 fcal nrepLTpayovre^, el he^ Tt9
KoX /iiveX6<; ivrjvy i/cp,v^'^(ravTe^ koI tovtov ev fjudXa
67rcpL€Xw(;, (p')(pvTO avov avrov kuI ra<; piâ^ vtto-
rerfirj/uLevov a7roXc7r6vT€<;, ovBe yvcopiôvre^ en rj
TTpoa^XeiTovre^ — irodev yap; — rj errLKOvpovvre^ rj
eTTihihovreî ev rw fiepei. 8ta ravra BLKeXXtrrjf;

Kal Bicjidepiaf;, (W9 0/0^9, airoXcTTOdv vtt' alcr')(vvrj<; ro
darv p,La6ov yewpyel fieXayôXcov roLeXrjreo^'
/JLr)V
elfcorco^ yap r^yavaKrei Bvarv')(S)V' irrrel Kal opoia

TTOLrjaop^v rol^ /carapdroa; KoXaîv eictlvoi^ eirt,-
1 UXios A.M H. : &e\ios MSS.
'^
06 Struve not
: in MSS.
334
ZEUS
Alij what a reverse He the fine gentleman^ the
!
rich man^ who had all the friends about him ? What
has happened to him to make him like this, poor
man^ a dirty fellow digging ditches and working for
wages, it seems, with such a heaf y pick to swing ?
HERMES
"Well, you might say that he was ruined by
kind-heartedness and philanthropy and compassion
on all those who were in want but in reality it was
;
senselessness and folly and lack of discrimination in

regard to his friends. He did not perceive that he
was showing kindness to ravens and wolves, and
while so many birds of prey were tearing his liver,
the unhappy man thought they were his friends and
sworn brothers, who enjoyed their rations only on
account of the good-will they bore him. But when
they had thoroughly stripped his bones and gnawed
them clean, and had very carefully sucked out what-
ever marrow there was in them, they went away and
left him like a dry tree with severed roots, no longer
—
recognizing him or looking at him why should they,
pray .''
—
or giving him help or making him presents in
their turn. So, leaving the city out of shame, he has
taken to the pick and the coat of skin, as you see,
and tills the soil for hire, brooding crazily over his
wrongs because the men whom he enriched pass him
by very disdainfully without even knowing whether
his name is Timon or not.
ZEUS
Come now, we must not overlook the man or neg-
lect him, for he had reason to be angry in view of his
wretched plight. Why, we should be like those vile
335
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XeXrjcr fievoL avhpo^ roaavra firfpia ravpcov re Kal
alyayv Triorara /cav(TavTO<; tj/jlIv iirl rcov ^cofiayv
eji yovv ev Kvlaav avrcov €^co. ttXtjv
TaL<; picrl rrjv
VTT da')(o\ia^ re koI Oopvôv ttoWov rwy iiriop-
KOvvTwv Kal ^laôfjbivcov Kal apTvaôvTcov, en 3e
Kal (f)6l3ov Tov irapa tmv lepoavXovvrcov ttoWoI —
yap ovTOL Kal SvacpvXaKTOc Kal ovSe eir oXiyov
—
Karap^vaai rj/jLLV icpidcTL ttoXvv rjhr] '^popov ovSe
diri^Xeâ 69 Tr)v Âttiktjv, Kal /laXLara e^ ov
(PiXocrocf)La Kal Xoycov epLBe<> eTreiroXaaav auroi?'
/jLa)(ôp,6vo}v yap 7r/309 dXXijXovf; Kal KCKpayorcov
ovBe eiraKoveiv ecrrt twv ev^^v wcrre i) eVt/^t/-
adfievov xph '^^ ^'^^ KaOrjadau rj iTriTpififjvac 77/309
avTOiv, dpeTi]v Ttva Kal dcrco/jLaTa Kal Xrjpov<i
fieydXr) Tjj (f)a)vrj avveipovrcov. Bid ravrd tol kuI
TOVTOV dfxeXrjOrjvaL avve^rj irpo^ tj/jLcov ov (pavXov
ovra.
10 ''0/x&)9 Se TOV UXovTOV, w 'F/p/irj, irapaXaôov
diridi Trap avrbv Kara rdôî' dyerco he 6 TiXov-
ro<; Kal tov Srjaavpov fie9' avTOv ^ Kal fieveTcoa-av
afK^co irapd Tip Tl/jlcovl /jLTjSe dTraXXaTTeaOcoo-av

ovTco pahi(o<^, Kav otl /idXiaTa virb 'x^prjaTOTrjTO'^
avOi^ €kBlcoktj avTOv<i T779 OLKia'^. irepl Se tcov
KoXdKcov eKCLVcov Kal T759 d')(âpLCTTLa<^ rjv eirehei-
âvTO 77/009 avTov, Kal av6i,<; p.ev aKe^ôpun Kal
Blk7]v Scoaovaiv, erreihav tov Kepavvbv eTTLaKevdaw
KaTeayp,evac yap avTOv Kal dTrecrTO/jLco/jievai elal
8vo dKTCve^ al /jueyio-Tai,, ottotc (fyiXoTi/jLOTepsv
rjKovTiaa tt p(pr)V eirl top ao(f)caTT)v' Avaâyopav, 09
eiretde toi'9 6/jLcXr}Td<i /jLr]Se 0X0)9 elvai Tipa^; Tjfid^;
Toifi 6eov<;. dXX* eKeipov fiev hirjiJLapToVt — inrep-

* fxi&' avrov Bekker : yutr' amov AlSSt
toadies of his if we left a man forgotten who has
burned so many fat thigh-bones of bulls and goats on
the altar to honour us indeed^ I have the steam of
;
them still in my nostrils However^ business has

!
been so heavy, the perjurers and oppressors and

plunderers have made such a hubbub^ and I have
been so afraid of the temple-robbers, who are numer-
ous and hard to guard against and do not let me
close my eyes for an instant, that I haven't even
looked at Attica for a long time, particularly
since philosophy and debates grew rife among the
Athenians, for it is impossible even to hear the
prayers on account of their wrangling and shouting ;
one must therefore either sit with his ears stopped

or be dinned to death with their harangues about
" virtue " and " things incorporeal " and other piffle.
That is how I happened to neglect this man, who is
not a bad sort.
However, take Riches, Hermes, and go to him
quickly let Riches take Treasure along too, and let
;
them both stay with Timon and not be so ready to

go away, however much he may try to chase them
out of the house again in the kindness of his heart.
About those toadies and the thanklessness which they
showed toward him I shall take measures later, and
they shall be punished as soon as I get my thunder-
bolt put in order ;for the two longest tines of it
are broken and blunted since yesterday, when I let
drive a little too vigorously at the sophist Anaxagoras,
who was teaching his disciples that we gods do not
count at all. I missed him, for Pericles held his
337
vol.. II. z
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
e(T')(e yap avrov rrjv ')(€lpa Yl€pL/c\r)<; — 6 Be Kepavvo^
et9 TO AvaKelov
' irapaaK.r^-yâ'; eKelvo re fcarecpXeê
Kol avTo<; oXlyov Selv avverpl/Srj irepl ry irirpa,
TrXrjV ifcavrj ev roaovTOi fcal avrij ri/xcopia earai
avTOL<^, vTreprrXovTOvvra tov Tl/jlcovu opCoaiv.
EPMH5
11 Olov TO fxiya /ce/cpayevat kuI 6')(Xripov elvai
rj.v
zeal 6paavv. ov T0i9 StKacoXoyovac JjLovol^, aXXa

fcal T0t9 ev')(ôfjievoL<; tovto ')(pâifjiov' IBov ye tol
avTL/ca fidXa ttXovcflo^ etc Trevea-rdrov /caracrrrj-
crerai 6 Tljjlcov ^07]cra<; koX irapp^jaiaad/jievo'^ ev
rf) €vxj] fôX eTTLarpeyâ^ tov Ala' el Be (TicoTrfj
ea/caTTTev €7rtK€KV(pco<;, en av eaKainev dfieXov'
fxevoî,
nAOTTOS
AXX eyco ovk av aTTeXuoLfii, co Lev, Trap avrov,
ZET5
Aio. Ti, 0) apiare I1A,oOt6, kqX ravra efxov
fceXevaavTo<;;
nAOTTOS
12 ''Ot^ vr) Ala v^pLêv el^ e/xe koI eêôpet Kal €9
TToXXa Kare/xepiê, Kal ravra Trarpwov avrw cîXov
ovra, Kol /jiovovov^l Bi/cpdvot^ iêcoOec pie Ti}9
ol/cia^; /caddirep ol to irvp e/c rcov 'êcpcov diroppi-
7TT0vi'Te<;. avOi^ ovv direXOoy irapaaiTOL'^ /cat KoXa^t

Kal €Taipat<i irapaSod^jaopLevof; ; €7r' eKeivov^, o)
Zev, irefjLTre /j,e to 2)9 '^(jOr](jop,evov<i rfj So) pea, ^ to 1)9
'TTepLey^rovTa<^, ol^ tl/jlio^ eyco Kal 7repi7r6dr]T0<i' ov-
^ T](TSr](Tofxivovs T^ Supea Herwerden : aladaao/xevovs ttjj

Scapeas MSS.
hand over him/ and the bolt, glancing off mto the
Anaceum, set the temple afire and itself came near
being broken to bits on the rock. But in the mean-
time it will be punishment enough for them if they
see Timon enormously rich.
HERMES
What an advantageous thing it is to shout loudly
and be annoying and impudent
to It is useful not
!
only to pleaders in court but to petitioners to Heaven.

Lo and behold, Timon, who is now wretchedly poor,
will become rich in an instant because he prayed
vociferously and outspokenly and drew the attention
of Zeus but if he had bent his back and dua;
; •^& in
silence he would still be digging neglected.
RICHES
But I really can't go to him, Zeus.
ZEUS
Why not, my good Riches, when I have bidden
you to do so ?
RICHES
Why, by Zeus, because he treated me contumeli-
ously, bundled me out, made ducks and drakes of
me, although I was his father's friend, and all
but thrust me out of the house with a pitchfork,
throwing me away as people throw hot coals out of
tlieir hands. Am I to go back, then, and be be-
trayed into the hands of parasites and toadies and
prostitutes ? Send me to men who Avill be pleased
with the gift, Zeus, who will be attentive to me, who
hold me in honour and yearn for me, and let these
1 Lucian is referring to the fact that Pericles intervened in
favour of Anaxagoras when the latter was tried for impiety
at Atiiens.
339
z 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TOi Be 01 \dpot rfj irevia crvpeaTcoaav, i)v irpoTi-
KoX hi<f)6epav irap avrrj^ Xajôvre^ koX
fjiSicnv r)/jL(bv,
BiKcWav ayaTrdrcoaav aOXioi rerrapa^; o/SoXovfi
d7ro(f>epovTe<^, ol heKaTaKavTOv^ B(oped<; dixe\7)T\
irpolefxevoL.
ZET5
13 Ovhev €Tt TOiovTOv 6 Tu/jLoyv epydaerai irepX ai'
TTOLVv yap avTov r) Si/ceXka TreTraLSayGoyrjKev el , fir)
TravTUTraacv dvuXyrjro^ eari ttjv oa^vv, &)? XP^^

ere clvtI ttj^; Trevia'^ irpoaipelcrOaL. ai) fievTOi irdvv
/jLe/juylrcfjiotpof; poi SoKel<;, 09 vvv ixev top
elval
Ti/jLCOva alria, hioTi aoi ra? dvpa^ dva7rerdoraLec irepLVOcTTelv eXevdepco^; ovre diroKXeicov
ovre ^rjXoTVTTOiv' dXXore Se Tovvavriov r)yavdKTeL<i
fcard Tcov irXovaiwv KaTaKCKXelaO at Xeycov
7r/D09 avTMV inro po')(Xol<; fcal /cXetcrl kcu arjpeicov
i7n/3oXat(;, co? p,7]Se irapaKvy^rai aoL e? to ôi?
SvvaTov elvai. tuvtu yovv dircoSvpov Trpo^ pue,
dTTOTTviyeaOai Xeycov ev ttoXXw tw aKOTcp' /cai
Bid TOVTO 0)^/309 yfMLv €(f)aLvov Koi <^povtlBo<;
am7rX6ft)9, a-vvea7raK(o<; tol'9 Ba/CTvXovf; 7rpo<i to
edo<; T(ov XoytapLcov /cal aTrohpdaeaOai aTTeiXfov, el
KaLpov Xdôio, Trap' avTOOv /cat, 6X6)9 to Trpdyp,a
vTrephetvov eSofcei aoi, ev âX«o5 77 at8r)pa) tw
OaXdp.(p KaOdirep ttjv Aavdrjv TrapOeveveadai
VTTuKpiBeai KoX 7rap.Trov7]pot<; iratBaycoyotf; dva-
14 Tp€(f>6p£V0V, TO) ToKO) Kol Tft) Aoytap.U>. CLTOTTa
yovv TTOLelv e<â(JKe<; avTov<; epMVTa^ pev eh virep-
lôXijv, eôv Be diroXaveiv ov ToXpcovTaî, ovBe eV
dBeLa<; %/9ft)yLt6i'OL'9 ye 6Wa9, dXXd
TO) epcoTi /cvpLOv<;
(fyvXdTTeLv iyprjyopoTaf;, 69 to aijpelov Koi tov
pô^Xov ddKapBap^VKrl /SXeTrovTa^;, iKuvrjv diro-
340
noddies abide with Poverty, whom they prefer to
me ;let them get a coat of skin and a pick from her
and be content, poor wretches, with a wage of four
obols, they who heedlessly fling away ten-talent
gifts.
ZEUS
Timon willnever again treat you in any such way,
for unless the small of his back is completely in-
sensible, his pick has certainly taught him tliat he
should have preferred you to Poverty. It seems to me,
however, that you are very fault-finding. Now you
are blaming Timon because he flung his doors open for
you and let you go abroad freely, neither locking you
in nor displaying jealousy ; but at other times it was
quite the reverse you used to get angry at the rich
;
and say that they locked you up with bolts and keys
and seals to such an extent that you could not put
your head out into the light of day. At all events
that was the lament you used to make to me, saying
that you were being stifled in deep darkness. That
was why you presented yourself to us pallid and full
of worries, with jour fingers deformed from the habit
of counting on them, and threatened that if you got
a chance you would run away. In short, you thought
it a terrible thing to lead a virginal life like Danae
in a chamber of bronze or iron, and to be brought
up under the care of those precise and unscrupulous
guardians. Interest and Accounts. As a matter of
fact, you used to say that they acted absurdly in that
they loved you to excess, yet did not dare to enjoy
you when they might, and instead of giving free
rein to their passion when it lay in their power to do
so, they kept watch and ward, looking fixedly at the
seal and the bolt for they thought it enjoj-ment
;
341
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
\av(TiV olo/nevov; ov to avrov^; airoXavecv e')(€iv,
oKXa TO /jLtjSevl fieTaSiBovac t?}? aTroXavoreco*;,

icaOdirep t}]V iv tj) (fyaTvy Kvva jJbrjTe avTrjv
icrOiOvaav tmv Kpi6S)V fiyjTe tco Xttitm TeLVMvn
eTTLTpeirovcrav. koI irpocreTL ye /cal fcaT6ye\a<;
avToyv (f)€iSo/ji€va)v /cal cfyvXaTTovTcov koI to Kaivo-
TaTOv avT0v<^ î]\otv7tovvt(ov, ayvoovvTCDV Se w?
KaTapaTO^ ol/ciTrjf; 7) ol/cov6fio<^ ireBoTpiyJr vTreccnwv
\a6paio)<i 6/x7rapntvr](j€L, tov KafcoSaifiova /cal
avepacTTOV heairoTViV 7rpb<; apavpov tl /cal /xi/cpo-
(jTopiov \v)(^vi8iop /cal Si-ylraXeov OpvaWlSiov
eiraypviTvelv idaa'^ ovv ov/c
toI<; t6/coi<;. ttw?
dSi/ca TavTci aov, irdXai pev eKelva atTtdadat, vvv
he T(o TUccovL Ta evavTta iirncaXelv;
nAOTT02
15 Kal ye raXT^ê? i^6Tdôi<^, dpcjico act
prjV eX
evXoya 86^(0 iroietv tov t€ yap TLp,(ovo<; to irdvv
TOVTo dveipevov dpeXe's /cal ov/c evvolKov co? tt/do?
ep,e et/^0T&)9 dv Bokoltj' Tov<i t€ av /caTa/cXecaTov
iv Ovpai^^ /cal (jKOTca <pv\dTT0VTa<;, otto)? avTol^
'7Ta')(yTepo<^ yevoip'rjv /cal 7r/.yLte\^9 /cal virepoyKO^
eTnp,e\ovp,evov^) ovTe TrpocraTrTop.evov^ avTov^ ovt€
fc'9 TO (/)a)9 7rpodyovTa<;, co<; p,7)8e ocpOelrjv trpo^^
TLVO^, dvorjTOV<; ev6p,Lôv elvat /cal v^pLCTTd^j ov8ev
dhu/covvTd ToaovTOi^ 8ecrpo'i<i KaTaarj-
pue virb
iT0VTa<;, pbeTa puKpov diTLaaLV dWa)
ovK elBoTa^ ax;
IG TLvl TMV evhaipovcov pue /caTa\c7r6vTe<;. ovt ovv
i/ceiVov<; ovtc tov^; irdw 'TTpo')(eipov<^ eh 6/xe tov-
Toi;? iiraivot), dWd
Tovf;, oirep dpidTov eaTi, pueTpov
1 Text suspected. Qiâis second Aldine : 6i]Kai$ Fal)er,

]5rodaeus.
s

enough, not that they were able to enjoy you
themselves, but that they were shutting out every-
one else from a share in the enjoyment, like the dog
in the manger that neither ate the barley herself nor
permitted the hungry horse to eat it. Moreover,
you laughed them to scorn because they scrimped
and saved and, what is strangest of all, were jealous
of themselves, all unaware that a cursed valet or a
shackle-burnishing steward would slip in by stealth
and play havoc, leaving his luckless, unloved master
to sit up over his interests beside a dim, narrow-
necked lamp with a thirsty wick. Why, then, is it
not unjust in you, after having found fault with that
sort of thing in the past, to charge Timon with the
opposite now ?
RICHES
Really, if you look into the truth, you will think
that I do both with good reason, for Timon'
extreme laxity ma}' fairly be deemed inconsiderate
and unfriendly toward me ; and on the other hand,
when men kept me locked up in dark coffers, taking
pains to get me fat and plump and overgrown, and
neither laid a finger on me themselves nor brought
me out int? the light of day for fear that I might be
seen by someone else, I used to consider them
senseless and arrogant because they let me grow
soft in such durance when I had done no w^rong,
and were unaware that after a little they would go
away and leave me to some other favourite of fortune.
I have no praise, therefore, either for these men or
for those who are very free with me, but only for
those who will do what is best and observe modera-
343
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
€7ri6i]aovTa<; tm Trpdy/JbarL koX fii'jre dcpeôfjievovf;
TO Trapdirav fir]T€ irporjaofievov'^ to bXov.

Xfcowet yap, w ZeO, 7rpb<; rov Ato?. et rt? vo/Mfo
yr]fjLa<; yvvaiKa veav Koi koXtjv eireira pbrjTe
(^vkaTTOL firjre ^tjXotvttol to Trapdirav, ac^tet? Kal

âSiêLv ev6a iOekoi vvKTcop Kal fieO* rj/LLepav Kal
(Tvvelvai Tot? (ôvKofMevoi^, /jLoXXov avTO^ Se
dirdyoi ixoi-^êvOrâofievriv dvoiycov ra? 6vpa<; Kal
ixaa-Tpoirevcov Kal 7rdvTa<; eV avTrjv KaXcov, apa 6
TOi,ovTO<; epdv Soêiev av; ov av ye, w ZeO, tovto
17 (hairj^ av, ipa(j6ei<^ TroWaKL^. el Se Tt? efxiraXiv
eXevOepav yvvaiKa olKiav vofiM irapaXa^cov

et? Tr)v
i'n dpoTW TTaiScov yvqaicov, o Be /xrjTe avTO^ rrpoa-
aTTTOLTO aKpLala^ Kal KaXri<i irapOevov /iiijTe dXX(p
irpoa^Xerreiv erriTpeiTOL, dyovov Se Kal aTeipav
KaTaKXeiaa<^ irapOevevoi, Kal Tavra epav (pdcrKcov
Kal S77X09 MV aTTo T?}? ')(p6a<s Kal T/79 crapKo<^
eKTeTr]KVLa<; Kal TOdv (xÔaXfiodv vTToSeSvKOTcov,
ecrO^ 07rct)9 ov TrapairaieLv Soêiev dv,
tolovto<;
heov iraihoTTOLelcrOaL Kal diroXaveiv tov yd/iov,
KaTafiapaivcov evirpoa-coTTOV ovtco Kal iirepacTTov
Koprjv KaOdirep lepeiav tj} Secr/jiocpopfp Tpe<pcov Sea
iravTo^; tov ^lov; raOra koi avTO<i dyavaKToy,
irpo^ ivicov fiev aTt^ct)? XaKTilôpêvo^ Kal Xa^va-
a6/jL€Vo<; Kal iâvTXovfievo^;, vir eviwv he coairep
aTiy/jLaTLa<; Spa.7reTrj<; TreTreSrjfievo'^.
ZET2
18 Tt ovv dyavaKTel<; KaT avTcov; StSoaai yap
KaXrjv TTjV Slkijv, ol
a/jL(f)(o jiev coaTrep TdvTaXo<^
aTTOTOt Kal dy€V(7T0i Kal ^yjpol to (TTOfia, ein-
344
tion in the thing, neither holding hands off altogether
nor throwing me away outright.
Look at it in this way, Zeus, in the name of Zeus.
If a man should take a young and beautiful woman
for his lawful wife and then should not keep wâtch
of her or display jealousy at all, but should let her
go wherev er she would by night and by day and
have to do with anyone who wished, nay more,
should himself induce her to commit adultery,
opening his doors and playing the go-between and
inviting everybody in to her, would such a man
appear to love her ? You at least, Zeus, who have
often been in love, would not say so ! On the other
hand, suppose a man should take a woman of gentle
birth into his house in due form for the procreation of
children, and then should neither lay a finger on the
ripe and beautiful maiden himself nor suffer anyone
else to look at her, but should lock her up and kee})
her a maid, childless and sterile, asserting, however,
that he loved her and making it plain that he did so by
his colourand wasted flesh and sunken eves. Would
not such a man appear to be out of his mind when,
although he ought to have children and get some
good of his marriage, he lets so fair and lovely a girl
fade by keeping her all her life as if she were vowed
to Demeter That is the sort of thing I myself am
.''
angry about for some of them kick me about

;
shamefully and tear my flesh and pour me out like

water, while others keep me in shackles like a run-
away slave with a brand on his forehead.
ZEUS
Then why are you angry at them ? Both sorts
pay a fine penalty for these last, like Tantalus, go
;
hungry and thirsty and dry-lipped, merely gaping at

345
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
K€')(r)voT€(; fjLovov ra> ')(^pvai(p, ol Be KaOdirep 6
îv€v<; airo t?}? (})dpvy'yo<; rrjv Tpo(f)i]v viro rayv
KpiTVLMV a(f)atpou/jL6Voi. aXV aTnOi r]hr] acocbpove-
aTepcp irapa ttoXv tm Tifiayvi, evrev^6p.evo<;.
nAOYT02
E^'6fc^'09 yap irore iravaeraL ojajrep etc KO(îvov
r€Tpv7r7j/.i€vov, TTplv oXo)? elapvrjvai /xe, Kara
aTTOvBrjv iâvrXcov, (Ôdaat (BoyXofxevo^ ryv
einppoyp, /jlt) virepavrXo'^ elaireacdv iiTLKkvaco
avTov; cdare 69 rov tmv Aavai'Scov irlOov vSpo-
(popjjo-ecv fioi BoKM Kol fxaTiiv eiravrXtâeiv, rov
KVTOV<; fir) cTTeyovTO'^, dWa
irplv elapviivai a)(^68ov
eK')(y6rjaou.evov rov iiTLppeovTo^' oi/to)? evpvrepov
TO 77/309 Tr]v efC')(y(Tiv K€)(r)vo<; rov iriOov kol
dfC(t)\vTOpd^6Tat to Keyrjvo^; tovto koI
eaTai dira^ ^ dvaireiTTaiievov, eK')(v6evT0'^ ev
(3pa')(el crov paBiw^; evpyjaet ttjv Bi^Sepav av6i<;
Kol TTjV SlxeWav ev ttj Tpvyl tou ttlOov. dX}C
aircTe tjBt]koX irXovTiêTe avTOV av Be fiifivrjao,
0) 'Kpfirj, eiravicbv 7rpo<; rffid^ ayeiv toi'9 Ki;/cX&)7ra9
Ik t?59 P^lTvr]<^, 67Tco<; top Kepavvov dKov^]aavTe<i

€771(7 Keu da CO a LV &)9 'tjBi] ye TeOi^yfievov avTov
BerfaofieOa.
EPMH2
20 Yipotayfiev, w TlXovre. tl tovto; viroaKdtêi^;
eke\r]6eL^ fie, o) yevvdBa, ov TV(f)\o<^ fiovov dXXa
Kol ^ft)X09 MV
* ^cTTOi aira^ A.M.H. : es rh ciira^ MSS. : rh elcdna^ Cobcfc.

their gold, while the others, like Phineus, have their
food snatched out of their mouths bv the Harpies.
But be off with you noAv to Timon, whom you will
find far more discreet.
RICHES
What, he ever stop acting as if he were in a
will
leaky boat and baling me out in haste before 1 have
entirely flowed in, wanting to get ahead of the
entering stream for fear that I will flood the boat and
swamp him ? No, and so I expect to carry water to
the jar of the Danaids and pour it in without re-
sult,because the vessel is not tight but all that flows
in will run out almost before it flows in, so much
wider is the vent of the jar and so unhindered is
the escape.^
ZEUS
Well, if he doesn't intend to stop that vent and it
turns out to have been opened once for all, you will
speedily run out and he will have no trouble in find-
ing his coat of skin and his pick again in the lees of
the jar. But be off now and make him rich and ;
when you come back, Hermes, be sure to bring me

the Cyclojies from Aetna, so that they may point my
thunderbolt and put it in order, for we shall soon
need it sharp.
HERMES
Let us be going. Riches. What's this ? You're
limping ? I didn't know that you were lame as well
as blind, my good sir.
^ There are two distinct figures here. In both of them
wealth is compared to water ; but in the first it leaks in and
is ladled out, while in the second it is ladled in and leaks
out. In the first figure we want a word meaning "boat,"
not " basket " and I assume therefore that Kotpivos means
;
*'
coracle " here.
347
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
nAOYT02
OvK net TOVTO, oj Kpfirj, dXX oirojav /.tev airio)
irapd TLva 7reyLt(^êl? vtto tov Aô?, ovfc olS^ oirw^
/3paSv<; elfii kol ^wXo?
dfKporepoi^, &)? fioyi'^
reXetv eVt to repfia, irpoyi^pdaai-'TO'; iviore tov
TrepifJievovTO'^, oiroTav 5e diraWdTTeaOai Serj,
TTTrjvov 6'\\rei, ttoXv tmv ovecpcov oyKvrepov dfia
yovv eireaev i) vaTrXrjy^, fcdyco 7/8?; dvafCTjpvr-
TOfiai vevLKrjKd)^, virepiTrihrjGa^^ to CTTdScov ovSe
ISovTcov evioTe tmv OeaTMV.
EPMK2
OvK d\t]Orj TavTa 0?^?' iyco ye tov ttoWov^ dv
elireiv e')(0ipi aoi %ê9 jîh' ovSe 6ô\ov waTe
irpiaaOaL ^po)(ov ia)(iiK6Ta^, d(f)vco Se Tt^pêpov
7r\ovaiov<; fcal TroX-ureXet? eVt \evKov êvyov^
eêkavvovTa<^, ol<; ovSe /cdv ovo^ vTrr]pê ircoTroTe.
Koi iropcpvpoi fcal )(pva6x,^tp€<; 7r€pt€p)(ôvTai
op,a)<;
ov8^ avTol TTiaTevovTe^ otpai otl p,^] ovap ttXov-

Tovaiv.
nAOYTOS
21 'KTepOLOV TOVT icTTiV, ft) E/D/Xt}, Kol OV')(l TOK
e.pavTov TTOCTL paoLL,(i) TOT€, ovoe Zj€v<;, aXX o
TlXovTcov diToaTeXXei pie Trap aiJTov<; ciTe ttXovto-
SoT?79 Kol pL€yaX6Bo)po<; fcal avTo<; mv SrjXol yovv
/cal Tw ovopiaTL. eTreihav tolvvv pLCTOiKLaOrjvai
her) pie Trap eTepov tt/do? eTcpov, e? EcXtov epuâ-
XovTe^ pe Kal /caTaarjp^rjvdpievoL e7npL€Xci)<; (popyjSov
dpdpuevoi pbeTaKopiôvaiv Kal 6 puev veKpoq ev
(TKOTeLVfp TTOV T?}? oLKia<; irpoKeiTai Inrep ra
yovaTa TcaXaud ttj oOovrj aKeiropêvo^;, Trepipa-
X*no<^ Tat9 yaXat<;, epue Se ol eTreXirlaavTef; ev Ty
dyopa Trepipevovai KCXVôTe^; wcnrep tyjv 'xeXihova
348
RICHES
It is not always this way^ Hermes, When I go to
visit anyone on a mission from Zeus^ for some reason
or other I am sluggish and lame in both legs^ so that
I have great difficulty in reaching my journey's end^
and not infrequently the man who is awaiting me

grows old before 1 arrive. But when I am to go
away, I have wings, you will find, and am far swifter
than a dream. Indeed, no sooner is the signal given
for the start than I am proclaimed the winner,
after covering the course so fast that sometimes the
onlookers do not even catch sight of me.
HERMES
What you say is not so. I myself could name you
plenty of men who yesterday had not a copper to
buy a rope with, but to-day are suddenly rich and
wealthy, riding out behind a span of white horses
when they never before owned so much as a donkey.
In spite of that, they go about dressed in pur])le,
with rings on their fingers, themselves unable to
believe, I fancy, that their wealth is not a dream,
RICHES
That a different matter, Hermes
is I do not go
;
on my own feet then, and it is not Zeus but Pluto

who sends me for he, too, is a bestower of riches
;
and a generous giver, as his name implies. When I

am to go from one man to another, they put me in
wax tablets, seal me up carefully, take me up and
carry me awav. The dead man is laid out in a dark
corner of the house with an old sheet over his knees,
to be fought for by the weasels, while those who
have expectations regarding me wait for me in the
public square with their mouths open, just as the
349
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
22 TV pocnreTOfxein-jv TerptyoTef; o'l veorroi. iireihav he
TO (Trjfxelov a<patpe0y koI to \ivov evT/jLTjOfj koI r)
SeX,T09 avoiÔfj koI avaK'qpvyOy fiou 6 Kaivo<;

Se<j7roT?;9 tjtol avyyevi']<; Tt9 tj /c6\a^ tj KaTairvycov
olKeTr}<; eic iratSL/ccov TlfjLL0<;, v7r€^vpr]/jL€V0<; eVt ttjv
yvdOov, clvtI ttolkLXcov /cal TravToSaTrcov rjSovojv a?
tjStj e^wpof; mv v7r7]peT7]aev avTW jjieya to fxiaOcoiJia
6 <yevvalo^ airoXa^cov, eKelvo^ fiev, octtl^ av fj
ttotc,
dp7raadfi€V0<^ fie avTjj BeXTw 6el cfyepcov clvtI tov
Teco<i Uvppiov Tj Ap6/ji(ovo<; Tj Ti/Selov ^leyaKXrjfi rj
Meyd/Svôf; rj T[pcoTap')(ô^ ixeTOVopLaaOei^, Tov<i

p^dTTjp Ke')(7)v6Ta<; i/celvovf; eV dWyXov^; diroj^Xe-
TTovTa^ KaTokLiTcov d\rj6e<i dyovTa^ to 7r6v6o<i, olo<;
avT0v<; 6 Ovvpo(; gk fivxov Tfj<; aayrjvrj^; Siecpvyeu

23 ovK oXLyov to heXeap KaTaTTccov. 6 he ifiTreo-cou
dOpoo^^ eU efxe diretpofcaXofi KaX 7ra')(^vh€ppL0<;
dvOpcoiTO'^, eTL TTjv TreSrjv 7re<^piK(i)<^ koI el irapicbv

aX\ft)9 fiaaTLêie Tt9 opOiov e(f)iaTd(; to ovTvy')(dvovaLV, dWd
Tov^ T6 eX€vOepov<; v/3pL^€i koI tov<; 6/jloSovXov(;
/xaaTcyol d7ro7reLpd)/ji€vo<; el fcai avTch tu TOtauTa
eêaTtv, d')(^pi dv rj 69 iropviSiov tl ep^Treacov rj lir-
7roTpo(f)ia<; e7n0v[jbrj(ja<; rj KoXaî irapahov^; eavTov

op^vvovaiv, rj pLr]v ev/jLopcjiOTepov fiev Nt/3eft)9 elvat
avTov, evyeveaTepov he tov K€Kpo7ro<; rj K.6hpov,
avpeTcoTepov he tov Ohvacreco'^, TrXovaicoTepov he
avvd/jua Kpoio-cov e/c/caiheKa, ev dicapel tov '^povov
^
aOf)6js 5", C'obet : udp6ws y, (i.
35^
swallow's chirping brood waits for her to fly home.
When the seal is removed^ the thread cut, and the
tablets opened^ they announce the name of my new
master, either a relative or a toady or a lewd slave
held in high esteem since the days of his wanton
youth, with his chin still shaven clean, who in this
way gets a generous recompense, deserving fellow
that he is, for many and various favours which he did
his master long after he had earned a discharge.
Whoever he may be, he snatches me up, tablets and
all, and runs off with me, changing his name from
Pyrrhias or Dromo or Tibius to Megacles or
Megabyzus or Protarchus, while those others who
opened their mouths in vain are left looking at one
another and môurning in earnest because such a
fine fish has made his escape from the inmost
pocket of their net after swallowing quantities of
bait.^ As for the man who has been flung head over
ears into riches, an uncultivated, coarse-grained
fellow who still shudders at the irons, pricks up his
ear if anyone casually flicks a whip in passing, and
worships the mill as if it were the seat of the
mysteries, he is no longer endurable to those who
encounter him, but insults gentlemen and whips his
fellow-slaves, just to see if he himself can do that
sort of thing, until at length he falls in with a pro-
stitute or takes a fancy to breed horses or gives
himself into the keeping of toadies who swear that
he is better looking than Nireus, better born than
Cecrops or Codrus, sharper witted than Odysseus
and richer than sixteen Croesuses in one and then
;
in a moment, poor devil, he pours out all that was
^ This refers to the presents which they gave the dead

man in the hope of influencing his will.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
dOXiof; ifcx^V '^^ fcar^ oXlyov ck ttoWcjv eTnopKioiV
Kol apTva'yoiv koI iravovpyLcov avveiXey/jLeva.
EPMH2
6'
24 Avrd TTOV (Tj(eôv (f)r}<; ra yivofieva' OTrorav
ovv avTOTTov^; âSi^rj^, ttco? ovtcd TV(f>\o<; c!)v evpi-
(7K€t<; Tt]V ohov; Tj TTCO? hia<yiV(jL>aKei<; icf)* oif<i av ore
6 Zev'^ aTToareiXr] Kplva^ etvai rov TrXovrelv

a^LOVf;;
nAOYTOS
Ol€0 yap evpi(7K6LV jxe .^ otVit'e? elai; fia rov
. .
Ata ov irdw ov yap av ApLareiSi^v KaraXiTTcov ^
'iTTTroviKay Kal "KaWia Trpoarjeiv Kai iroKKol^

aWoi^ A67]vaLcov ovSe o/SoXov d^LOL<;.
^
EPMH2
Il\r)V dXXd TL 7TpdTTet<; KarairefKÔei^;
nAOTTOS
"Azô) KoX KCLTOd TTXavcofiai,, irepivoaTOiv a^pi av
kdOco TLvl i/jLireacov o Be, 6aTL<^ av Trpwro? /ioi
TrepiTVXV' dirayayoDv irap avrov e')(eL, ae rov
'Kpfifjv eVl TOO irapaXoyw rov Kephov^ irpoaKWOiv.
EPMH2
25 Ovfcovv e^rjTrdrrjTaL 6 Zev<; olo/xevo^ ae Kara
rd avTO) SoKovvra irXovTiêtv 6aov<; av oXrjraL
Tov rrXovrelv d^lov<;;
nAOYT02
Kal fidXa SiKalcof;, oyyaOe, 09 ye rvcp^bv ovra
^ A line seems to liave been lost here (de Jong) : supply

Trji^ bhhv ^ rovs aîovs diayiyvuaKfiv.
^
TIMON', OR THE MISANTHROPE

accumulated little by little through many perjuries,
robberies and villainies.
HERMES
Yes, that is way of it. But when
just about the
you go on your own feet, how do you find the way,
since you are so blind, and how do you tell who the
people are whom Zeus sends you to because he thinks
they deserve to be rich ?
RICHES
Do you suppose I find the way or tell who they
are ? Good Heavens, not a bit of it Otherwise I I
would not have left Aristides in the lurch to go to

Hipponicus and Callias and a great many others who
do not deserve a copper.^
HERMES
But what do you do when he sends you down ?
RICHES
Iwander up and down, roaming about until I come
upon someone unawares, and that man, whoever he
may be who happens on me, takes me home and
keeps me, paying homage to you, Hermes, for his
unexpected stroke of good-luck.
HERMES
Then you have cheated Zeus, who thinks that you
observe his decrees and enrich those who in his
opinion deserve riches ?
RICHES
Yes, and very properly, my friend, for although he
^ Hipponicus was the father of Callias, and the son of
another Callias, the founder of the family fortunes. There
were several sinister stories current about the source of his
wealth, but Lucian is probably thinking of the version given
by Plutarch in the life of Aristides.
'^
All windfalls were attributed to Hermes.
353
VOL. II. A A
—
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

€t8a)9 €7r€fnT€Vava^7jTr](T0VTa Svaevperov ovray
')(prjiui KoX irpo TToXkov eVXeXotTro? €« rov ^lov,
oirep ovB* 6 AvyfC€v<; av eêvpoi paSico<;, afiavpov
ouTCO Kal fiiKpov 6v. Toiyapovv are rcov fiev dya-
66)v oXiycDV ovT(ov, Trovrjpcov 8e TrXelo'Tcov cv tol^
TToXeai TO TTCLV €7r€xovTa)v, paov e? tou? roiovTov<;
ifiTTLTTTCi) irepucov Kal aayrjvevofJiaL tt/jo? avrcov.
EPMH5
EZra TTW? eireihav /caraXtTri;? avTovvyrj<;.
EPMH2
26 "Ert 87; fjLot Koi TovTo aTroKpivat, 7rft)9 ti;^\o9
«v elprjo-erai yap —
Kal irpocreTi otxpo'^ âl papv<i
eK roiv a/ceXotv too-ovtov<; ipaardf; eyei^, (wcrre
7rdvTa<; diroêireiv efc9 oê, koi TvôvTa<; pLev
evhaipLovelv oXeaOai, el Se diroryxoi-ev ovk dvex^-
aOai ^(ovTa<;; olBa yovv Tiva<; ovk 0X1701/9 avTcov
ovToyî (TOV hvaepwra^ 6Wa9 fiaOvK^-
otyarre Kal "e<;
rea ttoptov " êpovre^; eppf\jrav avTOv<; Kal *' Tre-
rpcov Kar rfKiPdrwy,^^ virepopdaBai vopîôvre^ viro
(70V oreirep ^ ovSe rrjv dp-)(i]v icopaf; avT0v<;. ttXjjv
dWd Kal (TV dv ev olSa on 6fio\oy/]a€ia<;, ei ri
avvirj^ aavrov, KopvâvTudv avT0v<; epcofievo) toi-
OVTtp €7nfJL€/jL7Jv6Ta<;.
nAOTT02
27 Oi€L yap TOiovTov ol6<; el/xi opdcrOat avT0L<i,
')((o\ov y TV^\6v rj ocra dWa /jlol 7rp6(T€aTi,v;
^ irtirtp du Soul : Jlrjirep MSS.
knew that I was blind^ he kept sending me to search
for a thing so hard to find^ which long ago became
ecHpsed in the world even a Lynceus could not find
;
it easily, so dim and tiny is its light. So, as the

good men are few and wicked men in great numbers
fill the cities, it is easier for me to fall in with them
in my wanderings and to get into their nets.
HEKMES
Then how is it that when you leave them you
escape easily, since you do not know the way ?
RICHES
For some reason I become sharp of eye and swift
of foot then, but only for the time of my escape.
HERMES
Now just answer me this one more question. How
is that although you are blind (pardon my frank-
it
ness), and not only that but pale and heavy-footed, you
have lovers in such number that all men regai- 1 you
with admiration and count themselves lucky if they
win you, but cannot bear to live if they fail ? In
fact, I know a good many of them who wxre so
desperately in love with you that they went and
fiung themselves " into the deep-bosomed sea '* and
" over the beetling crags " ^ because they thought
you were cutting them when as a matter of fact you
could not see them at all. But you yourself will
admit, I am sure, if you know yourself, that they
are crazy to lose their heads over such a belovea
RICHES
Do yousuppose they see me as I am, lame and
blind and with all my other bad points ?
* Theoguis 175.
355
A A 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
'A\Xa 7rft)9, 0) U\out€, et firj TV(f>Xol Kal avroi
iTCLVTe^ elalv;
nA0TT03
Ov TV(^\oi, CO api(TT6, dW 7] djvoia koX t)
aTrdrrj, aiirep vvv KaTe')(pvaL ra Trdvra, iiriaKid-

ôvaiv avTOv<;' en 8e /cal avTo^^t o)<; /jltj iravrd-
Tracriv a/jLop(po<; ecrjv, Trpodoyirelov ri ipacr/jLLwraTOP
7repi06p.€vo<i, hidj^pvaov Kal XlOokoWt^tov, /cal
iTOLKiKa ivSv<; evrv^^^dvoi avTol<^' ol Se avroirpo-
acoTTov olojievoL opdv to KdWo<; ipcocn Kal diroX-
Xvvrai fJLT) Tvy^dvovT€(;. &)? ei ye tl<; avrol^ oXov
aTroyvfivciXTa'^ eTreSeiê fie, BfjXov fo)9 KareyLVoaaKov
dv auTOJV dfi^XvcoTTovTC's rd TtjjXiKavTa Kal
ep(bvTe<; dvepdarcou Kal dfi6p<pcov Trpay/Jbdrcov.
EPMH2
28 Tfc ovv ore Kal ev avro) r)hi too irXovrelv yevo-
fievot Kal TO TTpoacoTreLov avrcl TTeptOefievoL en
lâirarwvTaL, Kal ifv Ti<; dcâiprjraL avTOv<;, Odr-
Tov dv T7}v KeâXrjV rj to irpoawKelov irpooivro;
ov yap Bt} Kal rore dyvoelv eiKo'^ avrov^ a;? tVt-
')(^pLaro<; r; evjuiop(f>ia ecmv, evhoOev ra iravTa
6p(t)VTa<s-
nAOTTOS
OvK oXiya, o) 'Ep/jLv, Kal tt/jo? toOto fiOL avV'
aycovLêrac.
EPMH2
rr\\ «
la TToia;
riAOYTOS
^KTreihav Ti9 evTV')(d>v ro irpayrov dvaTrerdcra'^
Tijv Ovpav €l(7he')(7)rai pe, o-v/iTrapetaepxeTac /ner
euboi'f Xu6(ov 6 Tv4>0^ Kal rj dvoia Kal rj pL€yaXav)(îa
356
HERMES
But how can the}' help it. Riches, unless they
themselves are all blind ?
RICHES
They are not blind, good friend, but Ignorance
and Deceit, who now hold sway everywhere, darken
their vision. Moreover, to avoid being wholly ugly,,
I always put on a very lovely mask, gay with tinsel
and jewels, and an embroidered robe before I meet
them whereupon, thinking that they see my beauty
;
face to face, they fall in love with me and despair

of life if they do not win me. If anyone should
strip me and show me to them, without a doubt
they would reproach themselves for being short-
sighted to that extent and for falling in love with
things hateful and ugly.
HERMES
Why is then, that even after they are in the
it,
very midst of riches and have put the mask on their

own face, they are still deluded, and would sooner
lose their head than the mask if anyone should trv
to take it away ? Surely it is not likely that thev
do not know that your beauty is put on when they
see all that is under it.
RICHES
There are many things that help me in this too,
Hermes.
HERMES
What are they ?
RICHES
When a man, on first encountering me, opens his
doors and takes me in. Pride, Folly, Arrogance,
Effeminacy, Insolence, Deceit, and myriads more,
357
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
fcai fjiaXaKia Kal v^pi'^ kol aTrdrr] koX aXX' arret
fivpta' viTo Sr) TovTCOv ciTrdvTcov KaTa\7](f)0el<; ryv
"^^XV^ âu/xafei re rd ov Oavfjuaard Kal opiyerat,
TMV (jêvKTCOv Kafie top irdvTWV eKeivayv Trarepa rcov
elcre\rfKv6oT(t)v KaKwv riOijire 8opv(f)opoufjL€vov vtt
avT(ov, Kal irdvTa Trporepov nrdOoi av rj e/xe
jrpoeaOai virofxeiveLev dv.
EPMH2
29 'II9 ê Xeto? Kal 6\ia6rip6<;, m TlXovre, Kal
el
Ofcr/caro^ô? fcal 8La(f)€VKTiKo<;, ovSefnav dvriXa^yv
'7Tape')(ôfM€VO<i jBeâlav aXX' cocrTrep al i'y)(e\eL<; rj
ol 6(f)6t^ Bid Tcov BaKTvXcov Spa7r€r6V€i<; ovk olBa

8' efxiTaXLv l^coBrji; re Kal €v\a^r)<;
'6iT(i)<i' 7) TLevLa
Kal (JLvpta rd dyKt-arpa CKTrecpyKora i^ d7ravT0<;

Tov acofiaro^ e')(ovaa, d)(; TrXrfcridcravra^ €vdv<;
6)(êa6ai Kal pur] eêcv paBia)<i diroXvdrjvac. dWd
peraîj (j)\vapovvTa<; r)p.d<; irpdypLa rjBi] ov pLiKpov
BieXaOe.
nAOYTOS
rr\\ «
lo TTOtOV;
EPMH2
'On TOV Srjcravpov ovk iirrjyayopLeOa, ovirep
eSei pbaXiara.
nA0TT05
30 Sdppei TOVTOv ye eveKa' iv rfj yfj avrov del
KaraXeuTTcov dvepyôpLat iTpo<; vpLd<s iTnaKyjyjfaf;
evBov pueveLv iiriKXeLCTdpLevov tt)v Ovpav, dvolyeiv Be
pL7)BevL, Tjv pLT) ipLov aKOvarj ô^cravrof;.
EPMH2
OvKOvv eTriâlvcopiep rjBij Trj<; ÂrriKrjf;' Kai p.ot,
eirov exop'^vo<i Trj<; ')(\ap,vBo^, ^XP^ ^^ TTyoo? rrjv

ecrârtdv d^LKcopâi.
358
enter unobserved in my train. Once his soul is
obsessed by all these, he admires what he should not
admire and wants what he should shun he worships
;
me, the progenitor of all these ills that have come in,
because I am attended by them, and he would
endure anything in the world rather than put up
with losing me.
HERMES
But how smooth and slippery you are, Riches,
how hard to hold and how quick to get away ! You
offer people no secure grip at all, but make your
escape through their fingers in some way or other,
like an eel or a snake. Poverty, on the other hand,
is sticky and easy to grip, and has no end of hooks
growing out all over her body, so that when people
come near her she lays hold of them at once and
cannot be disengaged easily. But in the midst of
our gossip we have forgotten something rathei
important.
RICHES
What is it ?
HCRMES
We have not brought along Treasure, whom we
needed most.
RICHES
Be easy on that score; I always leave him on
earth when I go up to you, bidding him to stay at home
with the door locked and not to open to anyone
unless he hears me calling.
HERMES
Well, then, let's alight in Attica now. Take hold
of my cloak and follow me till I reach the outlying
farm.
359
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
nAOYTOS
aTTo\i'Trr)<; fie, 'TirepôXfp Ta;3â r) KXecovi e/xTre-

(jovjJLai irepivoaTMV. aXka rt? o A|roô9 OUT09 icmv
KaOdirep crtS/jpov tt/jo? \Wov;
EPMH2
31 'O Tifiwv ovTocrl aKaTTTei wXi'âiov opetvov kol
v7To\i6ov yrj^LOV. Trairai, Kal rj TlevLa nrd peart
fcal 6 TI6vo<; eKelvo^, 1) Kaprepla re /cat ?; ôcpla
Koi 7) ÂvBpeua koI 6 tolovto^ tw o'^\o<^ roiv virb
Ai/iw Tarrofiepcov diravrcov, ttoXv djieivov^ t5)v
(TO)v Sopv(l>6po)v.
nAOYTOS
It ovv aTTaWaTTOfieUa, o) tjpfj,rj, ttjv
ovK
ra^LCTTTjv; ov yap dv tc ?;/xet9 Spdaai/iev dîo-
\oyov 77/309 dvBpa virb ti~j\lkovtov (TrpaTOTriSov
EPMH2
''A\Xa)9 eBoê ro) Ad' /xy dTroBeiXLcofiev ovv,
nENIA
32 Hot TovTOV dirdyei^, w *Apy€L(f)6pTa, ')(eLpa-
ycoySyv;
EPMH2
'EttI TOVTOvl TOP Tl/jLCOVa i7r€/jL(pdr]/JL6V VITO TOV
nENIA
NOi/ n\oi)T09 €7rl TlfMcova, oTTore avrov iyco
KaKco^ eôvra viro ti]<; Tpvcpr]^; irapaXaôvaa,
TOVTOicrX irapaSovaa, rfj ô(f)La Kal ro) Uovqy, yev-
valov dvBpa Kal iroWov dîov direheLâ; ovt(o<;
dpa €VKaTa(j)p6vrjT0(; vpuv /; ITez'ta BokS) Kal ev-
aBiKrjrof;, coaO^ o fiovov Krfj/ia el^nv d(âipelcdai
360
RICHES
It is very good of you to lead me, Hermes, for if
you should leave me behind I would soon run against
Hyperbolus or Cleon as I strayed about. But what
is that noise as of iron on stone ?
HERMES
Our friend Timon is digging in a hilly and stony
piece of ground close by. Oho, Poverty is with liim,
and so is Toil likewise
; Endurance, Wisdom, Manli-
ness, and the whole host of their fellows that serve
under Captain Starvation, a far better sort than your
henchmen.
RICHES
Then why not beat a retreat as quickly as possible,
Hermes ? We can't accomplish anything worth
mentioning with a man that is hedged in by such an
army.
HERMES
Zeus thought differently, so let's not be cowardly.
POVERTY
W^here are you going with that person whom you
have by the hand, Hermes ?
HERMES
Zeus sent us to Timon here.
POVERTY .
Ishe sending Riches to Timon now, when I have

made a noble and a valuable man of him, after taking
him over in a wTetched plight that was due to Luxury
and putting him in charge of Wisdom and Toil ?
Then am I, Poverty, so easy to slight, think you,
and so easy to wrong that I can be robbed of my
361
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
fie, dfcpt^(ji)<; 7r/)09 aperrjv iêtpyaafievov, Iva avdt^
6 nXouTO? TrapaXa/SoDv avTov "T/Spei, /cal Tvcfxo
i<y')(jeipi(Ta<^ ofioiov tm iraXai fiaKOaKov koI
ayevprj koL avorjTov d7ro(f)7]va<; aTToBo) TrakiV ifiol
pcLKO'i ^Srj yeyevrjfMevov;
EPMH2
"RBoê ravra, w Hevla, tw Aa*
nENIA
^
33 Kit ep')(ô liar fcal vpLel^ Bi, w Hove xal '2.o(f>La
Kol ol XoiTTOi, aKoXovOecTe /xoi. 0UT09 Be rdâ
etaerai, oXav fie ovcrav diroXei'êi, dyaOrjv avv-
epyov Kal BtBdorKoKov rcov dplaTcov, fj crvvcop
vyi6ivo<; fxev to (Tcjfia, €pp(o/i6vo<; Be rrjv yvoi-
fjLrjv BiereXeaev, dvBpo<; piov ^cop Kal Trpbî avrov
diro^XeTTCDVy ra Be Trepirra /cal TroWa ravra,

cjcnrep iarlv, dWorpia viroKafJu^dvcov.
EPMH2
Âirepôvraf r]ixel<; Be irpoaiayixev avr(p,
TIMnN
34 'Ylve<; eare, &> Kardparoi; rj ri fiovXo/ievoc
Bevpo TjKere avBpa epydri^v Kal /jLiadocpopov evo-
')(Xrjaovre^ ; aXX' ov 'xaipovreî airtre fjLiapol rravreî
6Vt69* eyoo yap vfid<; avnKa jxdXa ^dXXuyp rot?
^d)Xoi<i Kal roL^ XWoLfi avvrpLyjrco.
'
EPMH5
M7;SayLKW9, w TifMcov, firj /3dXy<;' ov yap dvOpcO'
iTOV<; 6vra<^ âXetf;, dXX eyco fiev 'E^/xt}? elfii,,
ovroal Be 6 IIXoOto?* eTre/jL-yjre Be 6 Zet*? eiraKov-

aa<i ro)V ev^cdv, ware dyaOfj rv^y Beôv rov oXjBov
drro(jra<i ra)v ttovcjp.
362
!
TIMOX. OR THE MISANTHROPE

only possession after I liave thoroughly perfected
him in virtue, in order that Riches, taking him over
again and giving him into the hands of Insolence
and Pride, may make him soft, unmanly and base as
before, and then return him to me reduced to a
clout ?
HERMES
It was the will of Zeus, Poverty.
POVERTY
I am going ; follow me. Toil and Wisdom and the
rest of you. This man will soon find out whom he is
deserting in me —a good helpmate and

a teacher of
all that is best, through whose instruction he kept
well in body and sound in mind, leading the life of
a real man, relying on himself and holding all this
abundance and excess to be nothing to him, as indeed
it is.
HERMES
They are going ; approach him.
let us
TIMON
Who are you, plague take you, and what do you
want that you come here to bother a man at work
and earning his wage ? You will go away sorry
that you came, vile wretches that you are, every one
of you for I'll very soon throw these clods and
;
stones at you and break every bone in your bodies.
HERMES
No, no, Timon don't throw at us, for we are not
!
men. I am Hermes and this is Riches. We were

sent by Zeus in answer to your prayers. So desist
from your labours and accept prosperity, and good
luck to you
363
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TIMnN
Kat v/Li6L(; )]hrj kultol Oeol 6vt€<;, w?
oljxooêaOe
(jyare' iravra'^yap afxa koI avO potiirov^ /cat <9eou9
fjuia-Qiy TOVTovl Se rov TV(f)\6v, oari^ av 17, koX iirt'
Tpi-êiV fJLOi BofCM Tjj BiKeWrj,
nAOYTOS
ÂTTLcofiev, 0) 'Ep/.t7], 7r/309 rod Ato9, fi€Xay)(ô\dv
jap 6 avOpodiTO^ ov /i.eT/3ta>9 pôi So/cel, pur] tl kukov
ciTriXOa) irpoaXa/Scov.
EPMH2
35 'M.7]Bev a/caiop, co TipLWv, aWa to ttclvv tovto
aypiov rpa^^ KaraâXcov irporeiva'^ tw X^^P^
fcal
XdpLJSave rrjv dyaO)]v tv^Vv Kal irXovrei irdXtv
Kal LaOi ^KOrjvaioyv ra Trpcora fcal vTrepopa rdv
dxctpicTTcov iK€LV(ov piovo^ avrb<; evBacpLovcov.
TIMHN
Ovhep vpcov heopiar pur) ivo'xXelTe pLOf lKavo<;
ipLolttXoOto? t) SiKeWa, to, 3' aWa
evhaipLOve-
f7TaT09 ÎpLL pLrjhevo^ pLoi 7r\i]auiôvTO<i,
EPMH2
O1/TW9, w Tap, diravOp 0)77(1}^;
TovBe êpco Atl pLvOov diTTjvea re Kparepov re;
Kal pLi-jV elfco^ pLLadvOproTrov pL6V elvai ae

rjv
Tocravra vir' avrcoi' Seiva ireirovOoTa, piLaoOeov he

puTjâpiS)^, ovTco<; eTnpbeXovpievwv aov tmv OeSiv*
TIMHN
36 WWa aoL ptev, 'Epu.y, Kal Tft) Ail TrXelo-ri]
364
TIMON, Oil THE MISANTHROPE
TIMON
You even if you are gods, as you
shall catch it too.
say, for I hate all alike, both gods and men, and a?
for this blind fellow, whoever he may be, I shall
certainly break his head with my pick.
RICHES
Let's go, Hermes, in the name of Zeus, in order
that I may not come to some harm before going for ;
the man is uncommonly crazy, it seems to me.
HERMES
Let's have no roughness, Timon. Lay aside this
excessive rudeness and asperity, stretch out your
hands and take your good fortune. Be rich once
more and a leading man in Athens, and cut the
acquaintance of those ingrates of old, keeping your
wealth to yourself.
TIMON
don't want anything of you don't bother me. M}^
I ;
pick is riches enough forme, and in all other respects

I am as happy as can be if only nobody comes near
me.
HERMES
Such an uncivil answer, friend ?
^^Will you I cany to Zeus those words so repellent

and stubborn " ^r*
True enough, it is reasonable for you to hate men

after they have treated you so horribly, but not in
the least to hate the gods, who take such good care
of you.
TIM ON
I am very much obliged to you, Hermes, and to
1 Iliad, 15, 202.
365
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
;â/3t9 T^9 iTTifieXeiaî, tovtovI Be tov YVKovtov ovk
av \dl3ot/jLC.
EPMH2
Tt B^;
TIMHN
'
Ore Koi TraXat ^vpicov jioL Kaicoiv aXiio<s ovto<^
icaT6(TTr) KoXa^l re irapahov^ koi eiriôvXov^
iiraya'ycvv koI fU(To<^ iTreyelpa^ koX TjSuTraOela
hLa(f>deipa<^ fcal i'TrL(f>Oovov d7ro(j>rjva<s, xeXo? Se
a(f)va) KaTaXiirayv ovroxi dino-Ta)^ koI 7rpoBoTiKco<;'
I] /BeXricTTT] Be Uevia 7r6voi<; fie toi<; avBpiKwrd-
TOL^ KaTayv/jLvdcracra koi pier dXrjOeia^ koi irap-
prjaia^ irpoaofiiXovaa rd re dvay/caia Kd/jLvovrc
7rape2')(e koI to)v ttoXXwv eKeivcov Karaippovelv
eTraiBevev, ef avrov efiov Td<; eX-vrtSa? dirapTi^cracrd
fjLOt TOV ^Lov kgX Beiâaa 6(tti<; rjv 6 ttXoDto? o
eyLt09, 01^ ovre KoXa^ Ocottcucop ovre crvK0(f)dvT7j(;
(f)o^(ov, ou BrjpLoî 7rapo^vvdei<;, ovk eKKXrjaiaarrjf;
^r)ôôpr)aa^y ov rvpavvo^ eTTt/SovXevaaf; dêXe-
37 crdat Bvvair av* eppwpLevo^ roiyapovv vtto tmv
TTovcov tov dypov tovtovl (f)iXo7r6v(o<^ eirepyaô-
p.evo<;, ovBev opoor twv ev daTet KaKcov, Ifcavd fcal
BiapKYj e^ft) Ta aX(j)LTa irapa tt}? B.L/ceXXrjf;. waTe
TToXivBpopLO^ aTTiOi, TOV UXovTOv iiTav-
0) *E/9/Ltr),
dycov ^ TO) Au' ipLol Be tovto iKavov tjv, TrdvTa^

dvOpdnTTOV^ Tj^rjBbv olpLcoêLV iroLrjaai.
EPMH2
M?;5a/i,a)<>, wyade' ov yap 7rdvTe<; elalv eVt-
TrjBeLOL Trpo<; olpLfayrjV. dXX! ea opyiXa TavTa
tcl
fcal fieipaKicoBr] kul tov UXovtov 7rapdXa/3e. ovtoi
dTTO^XjjTa ecTTi Ta Ba>pa Ta irapa tov Aio^,
^ ir.aidyuu Flitzsche : anayaywy MSS.
-.66
Zeus for the care_, but I must decline to take your
friend Riches.
HERMES
Why, pray ?
TIMON
Because in bygone days he caused me infinite
harm by giving me over to toadies^ setting plotters
upon me, stirring up hatred against me, corrupting
me with high living, making me envied and finally
abandoning me in such a faithless and traitorous way.
But my good friend Poverty developed my body
with tasks of the most manly sort, conversed with
me truthfully and frankly, gave me all that I needed
if only I worked for it, and taught me to despise the
wealth I once cherished, making me depend upon
myself for my hope of a living and showing me
wherein lay my own riches, which could not be
taken away either by a toady with flattery or by a
blackmailer with threats, by a mob in a gust of
passion, a voter with his ballot or a tyi*ant with his
intrigues. Strengthened, therefore, by my labours, I
work upon this farm with pleasure in my toil, seeing
nothing of the ills in the city and getting ample and
sufficient sustenance from my pick. So wend your
way back again, Hermes, taking Riches up to Zeus.
For my part, I should be content if I could bring
sorrow to the whole world, young and old alike.
HERMES
Don't say that, my they do not all deserve
friend ;
sorrow. Come, stop this childish display of ill-

temper and take Riches. Gifts that come from Zeus
are not to be filing away.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
nAOTT02
)(aX67rav6l<; ^ /jloc Xeyovri;
TiMnN
Ae7e, fiy] fiaKpa fiivroi, /xi^Se fieia Trpooi/jLiwv,
(odTrep ol eiriTptiTTOi p')^Tope<i' aveôpai yap oe
oXlya Xiyovra Sta rov ^Rpfitjv rovrovi.
nAOTTOS
38 ^Fj')(pr}v /JL€V iao}<; Koi fia/cpa elirelv Trpo? ^ ovrco
TToWa viTO (70V /carrjyoprjOivTa' ofico^; Se opa et tl
ere, CO? <^/;9, TjSiKijKa, 09 rcov fiev rjhiarwv airavrcov
aLTi6<; aoL KaricrTi^v, ti/jLT]^; koi irpoehpiaf; koX crre-
(pdvcov Koi tt}? aX\ri<; t/3U^%, 'Trepi/BXeirTo^; re Kal
aoihijJLO^ Sl* ipe rjcOa Kal 7r€pia7rovSaaTO<;' el Se tl
yôKeiTov Ik rcov koXcikcov TreTTOvOa^, avaiTLo^; iyco
cror piaXXov he auro? rjBLKrjpac rouro vtto gov, hiOTi
pe ovTCO'^ arlpco^; vire/SaXe^ avhpdcn KarapdroL^;
eiraLVGvai Kal KaTayo}]Tevovac Kal irdvra rpoirov
eTTo/SovXevovcrl p,ot' Kal to ye TeXevTalov ecpijaOa,
o)? TrpoSiScoKa ere, TOvvavTLov 8 av^ avro^; iyKaXe-
aatpi aoi rrdvTa Tpoirov direXadei'^ vtto gov koi
iirl Ke(paXr]v e^wGOeU t% olKiaî. Tocyapovv dvrl
paXaK7)<; '^XaviSof; ravTrjv ri-jv Sichdepav r) TLpLio)-
TaTY} GOi Tlevia TrepiTeOeiKev. <oGTe pdpTV<; 6
'EppLi)<; ovTOGi, TTW? LKerevov rov Ala prjKeO^ rjKeiv
Trapd Ge ovrco^; BvGp,evco^ fioc iTpoGevrjveypLevov,
EPMH5
39 *AXXa vvv opa^, co YlXovre, olo<; ySr] yeyii'7]Tcu;
wGTe Oappoiv GVpScdrpilBe avrw' Kal gv pev
* XaKfTraye'is, F^, Cobet xo-^fTrctiVeis, ^^ other ÎSS.
:
^ irphs Cobet : not in MSS. ^ 5. &j, Bekker 5* MSS.

:
riMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE
RICHES
Do you want me to reason with you, Timon, or
shall you be offended at me if I say anything ?
TIMON
Speak, but not at length nor witli a preface, like
a
rascally orator. I will endure a few words from
vou
for the sake of Hermes.
RICHES
Perhaps ought really to speak at length in
I
reply to so many charges made by you.
How-
ever, judge whether I have wronged
'you as you
say. It is I who brought you everytliing
that is
delightful,— honour, precedence, civic crowns,
and
every form of luxury; and you were admired
and
puffed and courted, thanks to me. On the other
hand, if you have suffered any cruel treatment
at
the hands of the toadies, I am not to blame
rather ;
have I myself been wronged by you because

you so
basely put me at the mercy of scoundrels who
praised
you and bewitched you and intrigued against me
in
every way. Again, in closing, vou said that I
I)layed you false but on the contrarv I could myself
;
bring that charge against you, for vou drove

me off
HI every way and thrust me head-foremost
out of
your house. That is why Povertv, whom vou
hold
so dear, has dressed you in this coat of
skin instead
of a soft mantle of wool. So Hermes will testifv
how ardently I besought Zeus not to make me com'e
to you again after you had treated
me with such
hostility.
HERMES
But now you see how mild he has become. Riches
;
so do not hesitate to remain with him. Timon,
go
369
VOL. H.
D B
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
(TKCLTTre ot)9 €%ef9* <tv he rov Sijaavpov virdyaye rrj
SiKeXXrj' v7raKov(T€Tac yap ifi/So^jcravTi aot.
Uetareov, o) Kpfii], koI av6i<; TrXovryjreoi'. n

yap av Koi ttclOol ri^;, oircTe^ ol Oeol /3idôiVTo;
ttXtjv opa ye eh ohi fie 7rpdyp.aTa epL^dWei<; rov
KaKoSaifiova, 09 ci)(pt vvv evSaipovearara htdywv
')(^pvaov d(f)Vfjo ToaovTOP \i]yp-opat ovBev dSifcycraf;
Kal roaavTa's <ppovTiEa<; oraSeôfiaL.
EPMH2
40 ^TttoctttjOi, St e'/xe, Kal el ya\e7Tov
0) Tificov,
TOVTO Kal ovK OLCTTov icTTiv, 07rco<; ol KoXaKe^ eKel-
voi hiappayo^Giv viro rov (Ôovov eycb Be vrrep
TTjv Altvtjv 69 TOP ovpavov dvaimrjaofjiai.
nAOTTOS
O fiev diTeXrjXvOev, &)9 hoKel' reK/ialpo/iai yap
rfj eipecna rwv Trrepcjv av Be avrov TrepipLeve-
dvairepb'ô) yap aoi rov ^rjaavpov direXOcov fidX-
Xov Be iraie. ere (pTjfii, Q^rjaavpe xP^^^^y vird-
*
Kovcrov Ti/io)Vt TOVTCOL Kal 7rapda')(e<i eavrov
dveXeaOai. aKairre, o) Tlp-cov, jSaOeia^ Kura-
(bepcov. eyed Be Vfuv diroaTrjaopLat.
TIMriN
41 "Aye, BiKeXXa, vvv fiot eTrlppcoacv aeavT7]v
oy
Kal fir) KOfjLrjf; eK Tov ^d6ov<^ rov Sfjcravpov fc'9

Tovfi(Pave<; 7rpoKaXovp,evr). m Zev repdarie koI
(f)iXot KopvfiavTe<; Kal 'Ey9/.t?} KepBwe, iroOev
ToaovTov ')(^pvaiov; rj ttov ovap ravrd eari; BeBia
yovv fjLTj avOpaKa^ evpco dveypop.evo^' dXXd piyv
vir<ire Hermann
^ dir6Tav MSS. :
^ -napdcrx^^ eat;Toi/ A.M.H. : irapacrxfs '

fffavrhv Diiulorf ;
napa^x^ fffavThf M.SiS.
v> /
O
on digging -without more ado_, and you. Riches^ bring
Treasure underneath his hoe, for Treasure will obey
your call.
TIMON
I must comply_, Hermes, and be rich again, ft;r
what can a man do when

the gods constrain him ?
But look at all the trouble you are plunging me
into, curse the luck Until now I was leading the
!
happiest of lives, but in a moment, though I have

done no wrong, I am to receive so much gold and to
take on so many cares.
HERMES
Endure it, Timon, for my sake, even if it is difficult
and unbearable, in order that those toadies may burst
with envy. And now I am going to fly up to Heaven
bv way of Aetna.
RICHES
He has gone, it seems
for I infer it from the
;
fluttering of his wings. Wait here, and 1 v.ill go

away and send Treasure to you. But, no, strike in.
Ho, Treasure of Gold Submit to Timon and let
!
yourself be dug up. Dig, Timon, and bring down

deep strokes. I will leave you to yourselves.
TIMON
Ck)me, pick, be strong for me now and don't flag in
the task of calling Treasure out of the depths to the
light of day. O Zeus, god of miracles O gracious 1
Corybants ! O
Hermes, god of gain Where did all !
this gold come from ? Is this a dream ? I am afraid

I may wake up and find nothing but ashes. No,
o7
B E 3
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Xpvacov iariv eiTi(jr)fioVy virepvOpov, âpv Koi ttjv
7rpo(To\lnv vTreprjhLdTov.
aiOofievov yap irvp lire ^LairpeireL^; koi vvKTwp koI

pe9 Tjfjiepav. iXOe, m <f)i\TaT€ Koi ipaafiiwrare,
vvu 7rei6o/jiai ye /cal Ala irore yeveaOai 'j(pva6v'
Ti'9 yap ovK av TrapOevo^; dva7re7rTa/jLevoL<; rot?
koXttoli; vireSeâro ovrco koXov epacnrjv hia rov
42 T6yov<; /carappeovra; w MiSa Kal Kpoiae kuI ra
iv AeXcpoi^ avaOi^fJiaray 0)9 ovhev a pa ?;t€ to? Trpo?
Ti/ji(ova Kal TOP TifjLwvo^ ttXovtoi^, m ye ovhe 6
âcrtXeuî 6 Uepaayv icro<;.
*I2 SiKeXXa fcal (j)iXrdT7] hi<^6epa, v/jLd<; fiev tm
Tlavl TOVTO) dvaOelvai KaXov avTO<; he rjhrj Trdcav
7Tpid/jievo<; Tr)viaxândv, irvpylop ol/coSo/ji'}]o d/jLtvo(;
VTrep Tov drjaavpov fjiovco ifiol iKavov epStacrdadat,
TOP avrop KoX rdcpop aTroOapcop eêip jioihoKO).
" AeSoÔo) Be ravra Kal pepofioOeTrjaOo) ttôo?
TOP eTrlXoLTTOP jSiop, dfiiîa tt/oo? diravTa^ Kal
dypcoata Kal vTrepoyjria' <pi\o(; Se i) êpo^ rj eratpo^
77 ^KXeou /3ft»/A09 vdXo^ ttoXu?* Kal to OLKTecpai
BaKpvoPTa 7] eTTLKOvpijaai Seofiepfo irapapopia Kal
KaTaXvcn^ tcop eOcop' /j.oprjpi]<i he 1) hiaiTa KaOd-
43 Trep rot? Xvkoi^;, Kal <^t\o9 el? Tipaop, ol he dXXoi
irdpTeî e')(6pol Kal eTTipovXoi' Kal to TrpoaofiiXTJ-
aai TLPL avTMP [xiaapâ' Kal rjp TLva ihco jjlovop,
diTO^pdî rj rjpêpa' Kal oXo)? dvhpidvTcop Xidipcov
V %ctA/c:coz^ /jL7]h€P 7]p,lp h[acf)€p€Ta)aap' Kal /jl7]T€
Ki'ipvKa he')((tip.e6a irap avTOJP /i?;t6 aTrophd^
J72
;
TIMOX, OR THE MISANTHROPE

verily it is coined gold, red and heavy and mighty
good to look upon.
"O gold, thou fairest gift that comes to man !

" ^
In very truth you stand out like blazing fire, not only
by night but by day.'- Come to me, my precious, my
pretty INow I am convinced that Zeus once turned
into gold, for what maid would not open her bosom
and receive so beautiful a lover coming down through
the roof in a shower } O Midas O Croesus O! !
treasures of Delphi How little worth you are beside

I
Timon and the wealth of Timon Yes, even the !
king of Persia is not a match for me.

Pick and darling coat of skin, it is best that I
should hang you up here as an offering to Pan, For
myself, I purpose now to buy the whole farm, build
a tower over the treasure just large enough for me
to live in, and have it for my tomb when I am dead.
"Be it resolved and enacted into law, to be
binding for the rest of my life, that I shall associate
with no one, recognize no one and scorn everyone.
Friends, guests, comrades and Altars of Mercy ^
shall be matter for boundless mockery. To pity one
who weeps, to help one who is in need shall be a
misdemeanour and an infringement of the constitu-
tion. My life shall be solitary, like that of wolves
Timon shall be my onh'- friend, and all others shall
be enetnies and conspirators. To talk to any of
them shall be pollution, and if I simply see one of
them, that day shall be under a curse. In short,
they shall be no more than statues of stone or bronze
in my sight. I shall receive no ambassadors from
^ Euripides, Danae, fr. .320 Nauck.

- The allusion is to FiiidiU-, Ql^r.ip. .' 1 IT
• Thore was such an altar in Athens ; of Demonax o7.
" "7 •
1 J
.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

(T7r6Pdcof.ieOa' i) epiiiiia he opo^ ecrrco Trpo? avrov^.
ipvXerai, oe koi ^pdTope<^ koI 8)]p.0Tac Kal rj 7raTpl<;
avrrj '^v)(^pa koI avwcêkrj ovofxaTa Kal avoijrcov
dvSpcov (pi\oTLfjL7]/jLaTa. TrXovTtLTO) Se Tt/xa)y p,6vo<i
fcaL virepopciTCd dirdvrwv koi
Tpv(f)dTco fiovo^ KaO^
eavTov Ko\aKeia<^ eTraivwv (poprtKcJov dirrfk-
/cal
\ayfjL6V0<;' Kal 6eol<; Overco koi evcox^t^crOci) ^ fi6vo<;,

kavTcp yeLTcov Kal o/xopo^;, eKaeiwv' tcov dWcop. Kal
dira^ eavTov SeîcocraaOai, 8e86)(Ôco, r/v Sey diro-
44 Oaveiv, Kal avrw crreâvov eTreveyKelv. Kal 6vop.d
fiev earo) 6 Micrai/^yOWTro? i^Biarov, rod Tpoirov he
yucopLCTfiaTa hvaKoXia Kal TpayvTT)'^ Kal crKaLorrjî
Kal opyrj Kal diravOpwiria' el he nva ihoi/ii ev
TTVpl hiacÔeipofJievov Kal Karaapevvvvai^ iKerevov-
ra, TTiTTrj Kal eXaio) Karaaîvvvvar Kal yi> nva
Tov ')(eip.€)vo<^ iTOTafJLO'^ 7rapa<pepr}, o he Ta<; êZ-
joa? opeycov avTiXajBeadai, heijrac, coOetv Kal tovtov
€7rl /SaTrrlôvTa, ct)9 firjhe dvaKvyât
KechaXyp
hvvrjOelr]' ovro) yap av rrjv laijv diroXdôiev,
elcrijyyjcraro rov vo/jlov Tl/hcov ^^êKparihov *
]\.oXXvTev<;, i7re\lr7i(jiare rfj eKKXrjcTLa TifJLWv o
auTo?.
Elei^, ravraheh6)(0M Kal dp8piKco< efijuei'co-
tj/jLlv
45 /jL€u at'TOi?. dXXd irepl iroXXov dv eTronj-

TrXrjv
ad/jLTjv diraai yvcoptfid ttw? ravra yeveaOai, htorc
vTrepirXovroi' dyyovr] yap dv ro rrpdyfxa yevocro
avroU. Kairotrl rovro; cpevrov rd')(ov<^. Travraô-
^ Fabcr ei/wxe/ro; ÎSS.
e\iwx^'^(J^<^ :
'^
^Kaîwu seeins to be used intransitiveh' { — fKaras). %Kas
tcy Faber rohs &\\ov5 Hemsteiliuys
: possibly (Kaeiwy
:
< kavTOV>
•'
OiacpSdipoixivov Kal Kuraffêyyvwai Cobet KoraSmc/jêipJ/.terov
:
n.a\ (Tîvyvvai ALSS. * 'ILx^Kpariôv Faber 'Ex^KpaTiSr]! MSS.

:
Oi74
TIMOX, OR THE MISANTHROPE
them and make no treaties them, and the
witli
desert shall sunder me from them. Tribe, clan,
deme and native land itself shall be inane and use-
less names, and objects of the zeal of fools. Timon
shall keep his wealth to himself, scorn everyone and
live in luxury all by himself, remote from flattery
and tiresome praise. He shall sacrifice to the gods
and celebrate his feast-days by himself, his own
sole neighbour and crony, shaking free of all others.
Be it once for all resolved that he shall give himself
the farewell handclasp when he comes to die, and
shall set the funeral wreath upon his own brow.
His favourite name shall be the Misanthrope,' and
'
his characteristic traits shall be testiness, acerbity,

rudeness, wrathfulness and inhumanitv. If 1 see
anyone perishing in a fire and begging to have it put
out, I am to put it out with pitch and oil and if
;
anyone is being swept oif his feet by the river in

winter and stretches out his hands, begging me to
take hold, I am to push him in head-foremost,
plunging him down so deeji that he cannot come up
again. In that way they Avill get what they deserve.
Moved by Timon, son of Echecratides, of Collytus ;
motion submitted to the assembly by the aforesaid

Timon."
Good ! Let us pass this resolution and abide by
it stoutly. Yet I would have given a great deal if
everybody could have found out somehow that I am
tremendouslv rich thev would be fit to hanff them-
;
selves over the thing. But what is this ? I sav.
375
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Oev avvOeovGLv Keicovifievoi koX Trvevaricovre^, ov/c
ocBa oOev oacppaLvofxeuot tov 'y^pvaiov. irorepov
ovv iirX TOV nrd'yov tovtov ava/3a<; aTreXavvco
avTOv^ To2<;\idoL<; ef virepSe^Lcov ciKpo/BoXtôpevo^,
y TO 76 ToaovTov 7rapavo/x7')(Top.€V elaciTra^ avTOLt6<; iari; VvaOcoviBr}^ 6 KoXa^, 7rprî]v epavov
alrijaavTi fiot 6peâ<^. cOOC ev ye eTToir]-
J-6V dcpiKOfiei'oî' olfxcDêTaL yap irpo tcov aWcov.
FNAenNIAHS
4G OvK iyo) eXeyov ovk dp.e\rjGovaL Tifi(iyvo<^
co?
dyaOov dvSpo^; ol 6eoi; X^^P^ Tl/icov evpôpôTaTe

Kal 7]8l(7T€ KOI aVfjLTTOTlKCOTaTe.
TIMHN
N>; /cat (TV ye, cj VvaOwvl^rj, yvircov diravTCov
Ôp{t)TaT€ Kal dvOpcoTTcov ilTLTpnTTOTaTe.
rNA0nNIAH2
'Aet (piXoafccopficov av ye. ciWa ttov to avjJL-
TToo-iov; CO? Kaivov tl (jol dafxa t(ov veohihdicTcov

Sidypd/jL^cop rJKco Kopl^cov.
TIMr.N
Kat /jL7)p eXeyeid ye aarj [xd\a irepiTraOco^ vtto
TaVTT) T7J BLKeXky,
376
TIMOX, OR TIIK MISANTHHOPK
what haste they make They are running up from
!
dusty and out of breath, for they scent the

all sides,
jiold somehow or other. Shall I climb this hill and
drive them off with a skirmish fire of stones from
above, or shall I break the law to the extent of
talking to them just this once, in order that they
may be hurt even more by being treated with con-
tempt ? That way is better, I think so let us ;
stand our ground now and receive them. Let me

see, who is the first of them ? Gnathonides the
toady, the man who gave me a rope the other day
when I asked for a loan, though often he has spewed
up whole jars of wine at my house. I am glad he
came he shall be the first to smart.
:
GNATHONIDES
Didn't I say that the gods would not neglect an
upright man like Timon ? Good day to you, Timon,
in good looks,
first first in good manners and first in
good fellowship.
TIMOX
The same to you, Gnathonides, first of all vultures
in voracity and first of all mankind in rascality.
GNATHONIDES
You
are always fond of your joke. But where
are we to dine ? I have brought you a new son*,'
from one of the plays ^ that have just been put on.
TIMON
I assure you, it will be a very mournful dirge that
you will sing, with this pick of mine to prompt you.
Literally: " From one of the dithyrambs." The aUusion
1
isanachronistic, for in Timon's day the dithyramb was not

dramatic in character. Cf. By water, ArUtotle on the Art of
Poetry, p. 99.
377
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
FNAenNIAHS
Tt TOUTo; 7ratei9, (h Ti/jLoyv; fiaprvpofiai- (b
'UpcifcXei';, lou lov, irpoKokovficd ae Tpavpâro^

ei9 "Ap6L0P TTuyov.
TIMnN
Kal fJiyv av ye fxiKpov iirL/BpaBvvr}^, ôvov rdva
7TpOK€K\r,CFOfiai.
rNA0nNIAH2
M/?Sa/xw9' aXka av ye TrdpTco^; to rpavfia
'laaai ixLKpov i7ri7rdaa<: rov Y/?yc7iou* Sclvco^ yap
Laâc/jLOV icrn to (f)upfjLaKOv.
TIMP.N
"Etl yap fxevaL<^;
FNAeriNIAHS
"AireifiL' (TV 8e ov %a^p//(7ti9 ovrco GKaio^ i/c
-ypTjarov yevofievos-
TIMP-N
47 Tl9 0^x09 idTLV 6 TTpoaiouv, 6 di'a(f)a\avTLa^;
<X>tXm8?79, KoXdKOiV aTrdvTwv o (^'êXvpdjTaro^^
ovTO^; dypov oXov irap t'/AoO \apLov kul^ T7j

3e
Ovyarpl Trpoi/ca Svo rdXavra, pîaOov rov eirajvov,
oTTOTe aa-avrd pe irdvTWV aiwirwirwv p,6vo<; virep-
eiT-qveaev iiropôadpêvo^ woiKcorepov elvai tcov
KVKvcov, eireihr] voaovpra 7rpcp)]V elBe^ p.e Ka\

^
7rpoa?]\0ov iirLKGupla^ S60ftci'09, 7T\r}yaIAIAAH2
48 D. T>'}9 aiâtcr;)îî/Tta9. vvv Tip^cova yvwpiêre;

vvv TvaOwviSr]^ (piô^ /-'at cru/X7roT)?9; roLyapovv
hUaia ireiTOvOev ovto)^ dxdpiaro^ a)i>. ^)peU Se ol
irdXai avvviOeL^ Kal avi'e(f)y]l3QL Kal Srjfiorac 6p,m
57S
TIMON^ OR THE MISANTHROPE
GNATHONIDES
What's this ? A blow^ Timoii ? I appeal to the
witnesses. O Heracles ! Oh I Oh ! I summon you
before the Areopagus for assault and battery.
TIMON
If you will only linger one moment more, the
summons will be for murder,
GNATHONIDES
No, no ! Do heal my wound, at least, by putting
a little gold on it. That is a wonderful specific for
staunching blood.
TIMON
What, are you still bent on staying ?
GNATHONIDES
I am going but you shall be sorry that you
; left
off being a gentleman and became such a boor.
TIMON
Who is coming up, with the bald pate ?
this
Philiades, the most nauseous toady of tliem all.
He received from me a whole farm and a dower of
two talents for his daugliter in payment for praising
me once, Avhen I had sung a song and everybody else
kept still, but he lauded me to the skies, vowing on
his word of honour that I was a better singer than a
swan. Yet when he saw me ill the other day and I
went up to him and begged for alms, the generous
fellow bestowed a thrashing on me.
PHILIADES
Oh, what effrontery So you all recognize Timon
!
now ? So Gnathonides is his friend and boon-

companion now ? Then he has had just what he
deserved for being so thankless. But Ave, who are
old acquaintances and schoolmates and neighbours,
379
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
f^f) eimrrihav SoKCJfMev.
/jLerpidô/jiev, 009 ')(âlpe, co
SiaTTora, koI otto)^ tou? jJiiapov'^ TovTov<i KoXaKa^;

^vXu^p, Tov<; eTrl ti)<; rpaTre^?;? /j,6vov, ra aWa
8e Kopd/ccov ovSeu Sia(f)epovTa<;, ouk6tl irLarevrea
TO)V vvv ovhevi' irdvTe<; d')(^dpicrTOL /cal irovr^poi.
lyo) Se rdXavTov (TOI KOpLi^cov, ox? eôi^ tt/oo? ra
Kareirelyovra ')(pr](70ai,, kuO oSop ijSr] ttXtjctlov
i'jKovaa, ci)9 TrXouTOt??? VTrepiieyeOrj tlvci ttXovtov.
fjKO) Toiyapovv ravrd ae vouOerijacov Kairot,
av ye ovrco aoô(} o)v ovSev taco^; Serjcrr] ro)v
irap e/jiov Xoycov, 09 fcal tw êaropi to Beov
irapaiveaeLaî av.
TIMHN
^'Eiarai ravra, m îXidSr}. ttXjjv dXXa TrpoaiOi,
009 Kol ere (f)cXo^pov^cr(i)/jLat rrj Bi/ceXXr).
*JAIAAH2
"KvdpwiTOi, Kajeaya rov Kpanov vtto tov d')(a~
pLCTTOu, Slotl rd av/j.(f)epovTa evovOerovv aurov.
TIMfiN
49 îBov TpLTO<; 0^X09 pijroyp A7;/x6a9 Trpoaipx^âL
\lrjj(pi(Tp.a e-)(û>v iv rfj Seîa kol crvyyevr]^ ijperepo^
clvai Xeycov. 0UT09 eKKaiSeKa Trap e/xoO TdXavra
fxid^ rjfjLepa^ i/CTiaa^; rr} TroXei — KaraSeSiKao-TO
yap Kal iSeSero ov/c uTroSiSov^, Kayco eXe?;<ja9
iXvad/j.y]P avrov — eVetS^ Trpcprjv eXaye jfi ^Kpe-
'vOiYlSl (pvXfj Siave/ieiv to OewpiKOV Kuyco irpoa-

TjXOov alrcov to yiv6p.evov, ovk 6(f>t] yvcoplêcv
iToXiT'qv ovra /xe.
380
go slow in spite of that, in order not to appear too
forward. Good day, sir be on your guard against
;
these despicable toadies "vvlio are only concerned

with your table and otherwise are no better than
ravens. You can't trust anybody nowadays every- ;
one is thankless and wicked. For my part, I was

just bringing you a talent so that you might have
something to use for your pressing needs when I
heard on the wây, not far from here, that you were
tremendously rich. So I have come to give you this
advice. But as you are so wise, perhaps you will
have no need of suggestions from me, for you could
even tell Nestor what to do in an emergency.
TIMON
No doubt, Philiades. But come here, so tliat I
may give you a friendly greeting with my pick !
PniLl ADES
Help The ingrate has broken
I my head because I
gave him good advice.
TIMON
Lo and behold here comes a thiid, the orator
!
Demeas, holding a resolution in his hand and saying

that he is a relative of mine. That fellow paid the
city treasury sixteen talents within a single dav,
getting his money from me, for he had been con-
demned to a fine and put in jail while it was unpaid.
And yet when it became his duty recentlv to
distribute the show-money to the Erechthcis tribe,^
and I went up and asked for my share, he said he
did not recognize me as a citizen I
^ A slip on Lucian's part, for Collytus belonged to Aegeis.

The show-money (theoric fund) was at first given onl}- to
cover the cost of admission to state spectacles, but later
became a distribution per capita of the surplus funds.
381
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
AHMEA2
50 Xalpe, w TI/jlwv, to fieya 6(p€\o^ rov y€vov<;, to •
ep€i(Tfia tojv 'ASt^vcov,^ to irpoPXtîia t?}? 'EX-

\dZor KOi fJiriv irdXat ae 6 S?5/i09 (TVveiXeyfievo^
Kol al fiovXal dfi'ôTepai irepi/ievovai, TrpoTepov
Se cLKovaov to ylrncpLO-pLa, o virep aov yeypacpa-
" 'EireiBrj Tifxo)v'Ex^^'P^'^^^^^^^ KoWuTev^, dvhp
ov fiovov Ka\o<: KayaOo^, dXka koI cro<pb<; a)9 ovfc
a\\09 ev Tf) 'EWaSt, irapa irdvTa 'Xpovov StuTeXel
Ta cipcaTa irpaTTcov ttj iroXei, vevU-qKe he ttv^ koi
TToXriv Kal hpouLOV iv 'OXvuLiria [XLa<^ t)iiepa<^ koi
T€\€i(p apfAUTL Kai avicopioi, TrayKLKT}
—
TIMnN
'A\V ovhe e9ed)pr]aa iyco TrwTrore €t9 'OXvfi-
iriav.
AHMEA2
Tfc ovv; de(i)pr}(jeL<; vcTepov ra TOiavTa he
**
TToWd iTpoaKelaOai ajxeivov. koX rjpLaTevcre Se
vTrep Trs 770X60)9 irepvcTi irph^ Kxctpval<=;^ Kat,
—
''
KaT6Koyjre UeXoTrovvr] a icov 8vo fiopa<;
TIMHN
51 n&)9; hia yap to firj exîv oirXa ovhe irpov- i
ypd(f)r]v iv tm KaTokoycp.
AHMEA5
Mer/om ra irepl aavTov Xlyet^;, rjfieU Be dx^~
pKTTOi av e'cTj/jtev dpiVi]fxovovvTe^. " ert he koX
yjn]<f)L(T/jLaTa ypcicjicjv iial av/xôvXevcov Kal
aTpa-
TTiyoiv ov piKpa a)</)eXi;cre ttjv ttoXlv eVt tovtoi<;
1 *A6r]vwv Bekkor : 'A9i}vaiu}v MS8.
' 'EX€.f/)aT(5ou Dindorf 6 'Kx^KpariBov
: MSS.
^ 'Axapyous islehlcr 'AxaP'eas MSS.
:
-.82
; ——

DKMEAS
Good day, Timon, iireat benefactor of your kin,
bulwark of Alliens, s'lield of Greece TJie assembly !
and both the councils are in session and awaiting

your pleasure this long time. But before you go,
listen to the resolution that I drew up in your
behalf.
" Whereas Timon of Collytus, the son of Echecra-
tides, a man who is not only upright but wise beyond
any other in Greece, labours always in the best
interests of the city, and has Avon the boxing match,
the wrestling match, and the foot-race at Olymjna in
a single day, as well as the horse-races, both with
the regular chariot and with the span of colts"
TIMON
But I never was even a delegate ^ to the games at
Olympia !
DKMEAS
What of that ? You v»ill be, later. It is best to
put in plenty of that sort of thing.
— and fought bravely for the city at Acharnae
''
and cut to pieces two divisions of Spartans "

TIMON
What do you mean by that ? I wasn't even posted
on the muster-roll because I had no arms.
DEMEAS
You are modest about yourself, but we
in talking
should be ungrateful if we failed to remember.
— " and furthermore has been of great service to
the city by drawing up resolutions and serving on
the council and acting as general
* An official representative of the state. Cf. Aristophanes,
Wasps 11 88 ft".
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
aTraai Zeh6')(6w rfj ôvXfj Kal tw Bij/irp fcal rfj
'HXiata KoX Tat(; (ûXat?^ Kal tol<; St]/jL01.(; IBla kol
KOLvfi iraai ^(pvaovp avacrrrjaai rov TljJLWva irapa
TT]v KOrjvav iv rfj aKpoiroXei Kepavvov €v rfj he'îa
^
exopra kol dKrlva<i iirl rfj KeâXf) koI arecpa-

vcoaat avTov ^pvaol^; arecpdvoi^ eirra koX dva-
Kr)pv)(6r)vai tou? aT€(f)dvov^ Ti]fi6pov AiovvaiOLi;
rpayrpSoLf; KaLvoi<; —
dx6P]vac <ydp Sc avrov Sec
T7]fi€pov ra Aioivaia. elire rrjv yvco/jbi^v t^rifxea^ 6
f)7]T(i)p, avrov dyyî(Tr€v<; /cal p,a6r)Tr]<i
avy'yevr)'^
ct)V' Kal yap prjrcop dpiaro^ 6 Tlficov Kal rd dWa
iravra oiroca av eueXj].

52 Tovrl fiev ovv col to yjrtjcpLa/jLa. 670; Se Kal rov
vlov iôvXofitjv dyayelv irapd ae, ov eVl tw aw
ovofiaTL TifjLcova wvojiaKa.
TIMr.N
Ilaiv, 0) A?7/Aea, 09 ovhe yey diJir}Ka<;, oca ye Kal
r]fid<; elhevat;
AHMEA2
'AXX,a yafio), r^v BiSo) êo9, €9 viayra Kal irai-
hoiroLrjaofxat Kal t» yevvriQ-qaojjLevov dppev yap —
—
earai Tuficova ijSyj koXS).
TIMHN
OvK olSa el yafjUTjaeUif;^ en, co OUT09, rrfKiKaV'
Ti]v Trap* ijxov TrXrjyijv Xafi/Sdvcov.
AHMEA2
Oc/ior tL tovto; TVpetvplBi, Tificov €7nxeipeL<;
Kal TVTTTeL^ TOt'9 iXevOepov^ ov Kadapoj<; eXevOepoî
ovB^ avTO<i cov; dXXa Bu)aei<; iv rdêi ryv BiKifv rd
re dXXa Kal ore rrju aKpoiroXiv ipe7rpi]aa<;.
^ Ka\ Tois (pvXdiS Fritzsche : Kara (/)u/\ajMSS.
- yaj.iT}<XiUiS Fl'itzsche : yaix-ijafis M8S.
" On all these grounds be it resolved by the
council, the assembly, the panel of jurors, the tribes
and the demes, both severally and in common, to erect
a golden statue of Timon beside Athena on the
Acropolis wîth a thunderbolt in his hand and a halo^
upon his head, and to crown him with seven crowns
of gold, said crowns to be awarded by proclamation
to-day at the Dionysia when the new tragedies
are performed for the Dionysia must be held to-day
;
on his account. Moved by the orator Demeas, his

next of kin and his pupil for Timon is an excellent
;
orator and an}i;hing else that he wants to be."

There you have the resolution. I wish I had
brought my son to see you I have called him Timon
;
after you.
TIMON
How can that be, Demeas, when you aren't even
married, as far as I know ?
DEMEAS
No, but I am going to marry next year, Zeus
willing, and have a child and I now name it Timon,
;
for it will be a boy.

TIMON
Perhaps you don't care to marry now, sirrah, on
getting such a clout from me.
DEMEAS
Oh ! Oh
What does this mean ? Timon, you
!
are trying to make yourself tyrant and you are

beating free men when you yourself have not a clear
title to your freedom. You shall soon pay for this,
and for burning the Acropolis too.
^ Literall}', "rays," the attribute of Helius. The colossal
statue of Nero had these rays.
385
VOL. II. C C
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TIMnN
53 AXV ovK l-fjireirprjaTai, c5 fxiape, v aKpoTroXiî'
were Srj\o(i el av/co(pai>r(t)v.
AHMEA2
*AXXa Kol TrXouTet? top ottlo-OoSo/jlov Siopvâ<i,
TIMHN
Ov SicopvKTaL ovBe ovro<f^ coare airiOavd aov
KOL ravra.
ahmea:s
IS.iopV)(6rjaeTaL jxev varepov ijSr) 8e av Travra
TO, iv avTW eyêL<^.
TIMHN
OvKovv Kai aWrji' \d/jL/3av€,
AHMEA2
O'l/jLOl to /jLeTacJDpevov.
TIMHN
KeKpayOr
M17 yap <JOi koI TpiTrjv
KaToiaa)
eTTel KoX yeXota irapbTrav av irdOoLfiL 860 /j,ev
AaKeSatfiovicov p.opa(; KUTaKoyfra^ dvo7r\o<;, ev he
fjLtapov dvOpcoTTtov (JLT) eiriTpi'^â'i' fxdTYjv yap av
ei'rjv Kol OXvfiTria ttv^ koI irdXi^v.
veviKrjKa)'^
54 'AXXa TOVTo; ov ®pa(TVK\ri<^ 6 (f)i\6ao(f)0(;
TL
ovt6<; iaTiv; ov fxev ovv aXXa' e'/CTrerao-a? yovv
Tov TTcoycova koX tcl^ 6(f)pv<=; dvaTeiva /neTcoTro) ko/htjv,
AvTo/Bopea^ tc<; t) TpLTcov, otoi'?
Zev^L<; eypayjrep.
ovTO<; 6 TO cr^r]/jLa €V(TTa\r)(^povLKO<^ ttjv dvaô\i]v ecoOev
fjivpia oaa Trepl aper^? Steîcov koX tcov rjhov^
')(at.p6vTa3v KaTr\yopbiv Kal to 6\iyapK€<^ eTraivcov,
€7r€LBr) Xova-dfxeva dcj)LK0iT0 iirl to SecTTPOV Kal 6
386
!

TIMON
But the Acropolis has not been burned, you
scoundrel, so it is plain that you are a blackmailer.
DEMEAS
Well, you got your money by breaking into the
treasury.
TIMON
That has not been broken into, so you can't make
good with that charge either.
DEMEAS
The breaking in will be done later, but you have
all the contents now.
TIMON
Well then, take that
DEMEAS
Oh, my back !
TIMON
Don't shriek or I will give you a third. It would
be too ridiculous if I had cut up two divisions of
Spartans unarmed and then couldn't thrash a single
filthy little creature like you. My victory at Olympia
in boxing and wrestling would be all for nothing !
But what have we here ? Isn't this Thrasycles ?

No other !With his beard spread out and his eye-
brows uplifted, he marches along deep in haughty
meditation, his eyes glaring like a Titan's and his
hair tossed back from his forehead, a typical Boreas
or Triton such as Zeuxis used to paint. Correct in
his demeanour, gentlemanly in his gait, and incon-
spicuous in his dress, in the morning hours he dis-
courses forever about virtue, arraigns the votaries of
pleasure and praises contentment with little but ;
when he comes to dinner after his bath and the
387
c c 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Tiat? /jLeyaXrjv rrjv fcvXi/ca opeêuev avTa> — Ta>
^(opoT6p(p Se %at/3et jxaXio-ra — KaOaTrep to Ar)dri<;
vScop ifCTTioov ivavTicorara eiTLêiKwrat tol<;
€(ti6LV0L<; eK€LVOL<; Xojoi^;, TrpoapTrd^cov coairep

tKTLVO<^ ra 6-â koI tov TrXrjalov Trapay/ccoviô-
/xevo<;, Kapv/C7](; to yiveiov avdiTXea)^, KvvrjBov
i/jb(f)opovfji6vof;, 67ri/c€fcv<pa)<; KaOdirep ev TaL? fiTjhe
55 oXiyov TOV piVTTcoTGV KaTaXiTroi, iiep^îiMOLpo^ del,
fcav TOV irXaKovvTa oXov rj tov ctvv julovo^; tcov
dXXcov Xd^r)} 6 tl irep Xc^veia^; koI dirXTjaTLaf;
6(j)€Xo'^, jjLeOvcro^ fcal TrdpoLVO<^ ovk d')(^pL (phi)^ koX
6p')(^](TTvo<i povov, dXXa koI XoiSopla^; koI 6p<yrj<;.
TrpoaeTL koI Xoyot iroXXol iirl ttjkvXlkl, Tore S^

Kol p,dXiaTa, irepX o'a)(})poavvr)<^ kuI KoapbiOTrjTO^'
Kol Tavrd (prjaiv i]Sr) vtto tov dxpdTOv rrrovijpcof;
€^(ov KOL vTTOTpavXt^cov jeXoLco';' euTa €p,eTo<^ iirl
TovTOi^s' KOL TO TeXevTolov, dpdpevoi Tive<i ck-
(êpovaiv avTov eK tov avp,7roaLov t^? avXrjTplSo'^
dpL(f)OT€pai(; i7retXr)pp,€Vov. ttXtjv dXXa koI v^(f)cov
ovSevl TCOV TrpcoTelcov irapa'X^copjjcreLev dv yjrev-
crpaTO(; eve/ca rj 6pacrvT7]T0<; rj (ptXapyvpLa<;' dXXa
/calKoXdfcwv iaTi to, irpSiTa koI iinopKel irpo-
êipoTaTa, /cat rj yorjTeta 7rpor)y6LTat Koi rj dvai-
a^vvTia 7rapop.apT€i, /cal bXo)<; iravcroôv tl
KoX iTavTa')(o6ev dKpiê<;
')(P'f]fjLa koI 7tocklXco<;
eVreXe?. olpLwêTai Tocyapovv ovk eh pâ/cpav
%/9?7O-T09 MV. TL TOVTO; TTaTral, ')(^p0VL0^ r)/juv
®paavKXr}<;.
1 Kd:jr) Diiulorf Kaôi MSS. :
388
waiter hands him a large cup (and the the
stiffer it is,
better he likes it) then it is as if he had drunk the

water of Lethe^ for his practice is directly opposed to
his preaching of the morning. He snatches the
meat away from others like a kite, elbows his nei<2:h-
bour, covers his beard with gravy, bolts his food lilie
a dog, bends over his plate as if he expected to find
virtue in it, carefully wipes out the dishes with his
forefinger so as not to leave a particle of the sauce,
and grumbles continually, even if he gets the whole
cake or the whole boar to himself. He is the height
of gluttony and insatiability, and he gets so drunken
and riotous that he not only sings and dances, but
even abuses people and flies into a passion. Besides
—
he has much to say over his cup more then than at
any other time, in fact !
—
about temperance and
decorum, and he says all this when he is already in a
bad way from taking his wine without water and
stammers ridiculously. Then a vomit follows, and at
last he is picked up and carried out of the dining-
room, catching at the flute girl with both hands as he
goes. But even when sober, he won't yield the
palm to anyone in lying and impudence and covet-
ousness on the contrary, he is a peerless toady and
;
he perjures himself with the greatest facility hum- ;
bug is his guide and shamelessness his follower, and

to sum it up, he is a wonderfully clever piece of
work, correct in every detail and perfect in a world
of ways. Therefore he shall soon smart for his
superiority. {To Thrasycles) Well, well! I say,
:
Thrasycles, you are late.
389
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
©PA2TKAH2
56 Ov Kara w Tl/J^wv, rot? TroXXot? tovtok;
ravrd,
n(f)ty/jiat, top ttXovtov aov ^ reOrîroTef;
o'lirep ^
dpyvplov Koi y^pvaiov kolI heiTTvwv ttoXutcXcov

iXTTiBi TroXkrjv rrjv KoXaKeiav
(TVVêhpajJLrjKao-i,
dvSpa olov ae dirXoLKov koi
iTTcSetôfievot tt/oo?
Twv ovTcov KOivayviKov olcrda yap ox? pidiâ fiev
ipLol helirvov l/cavov, oyjrov Se tjBkttov 6vp,ov rj
Kdphapiov v el nrore oXiyov tmv dXcov

Tpv(^(£nriVy
TTOTov he rj ivveaKpovvoî' 6 Be rpl^cov ovto^ ^9
ffovXec 7rop^vpiho<^ dpueivcov. to ')(^pv(jiov p,ev yap
ovhh> TC/jLiQ)T€pov Tcov €V T0i9 alytaXol^} '\jrr)(j>lB(ov
pbOL SoKel. (Tov Be avrov X^P^^ eardXrjv, o)? pîj
Bia^deipr) ae to icdKiaTOV tovto Kal eTri/SovXoTa-

Tov fCTTj/jLa ttXoOto?, 7roXXot9 7roXXdKi<; acTw;
dvTjKedTdyv crufKpopcov yeyevrjpievo^' el ydp p,oc
TreiOoio, pidXtcTTa puev ^ oXov e? Tr]v OdXaTTav epu-
âXel's avTov ovBev dvayKalov dvBpl dyaOta ovTa

Kal TOV (f)iXo(TO(f>la<; ttXovtov opdv Bvvap.ev(p' p,r]
pbivTOi 69 /3d0o<;, ayyade, dXX^ oaov 69 ôvffcova<;
eirepL^df; oXiyov irpo T779 KVpLaT(oyrj<;, epLOV opGi)VTO<;
57 pLovov el Be p^t] tovto ôvXei, crv Be dXXov Tpoirov
dpbeivay fcaTa Taô^ CKcfioprjaov avTOV ck T'^9
olKLa<; pLrfB^ ojSoXov avT&t dvel*;, BiaBi,Bov<; diracri
Tot9 BeopLevoL<;, o) piev irevTe Bpaypdf;, o5 Be pLvdv,
(o Be rjpbLTdXavTov el Be ti<; <pi,Xo(TO<f}0<; etij, BipLoi-
piav 7) TpipbOipiav (fiipeaOai BLKaLO<i' ep,ol Be kul- —
TOi ovK epLavTov %«/)tz^ aiTO), aXX* oirw^ p>eTaB(b
TOiv eTaipayv tol<; BeopevoL<; —iKavov el TavTrjvl ttjp
' otirep Mehler : &<r-n-€p ol MSS.

* (TOV Basle ed. of 1563 : croi MSS.
' fiev Fritzsche not in
: MSS.
THRASYCLES
I have not come witli the same intent as all this
crowd, Timon. Dazzled by your riches, they have
gathered at a run in the expectation of silver and
gold and costly dinners, meaning to exercise un-
limited flattery upon a man so simple and so free
with his gear. You know, of course, that for me
barley-cake is dinner enough, and the sweetest relish
is thyme or cardamom, or if ever I were to indulge
myself, a trifle of salt. My drink is the water of

Nine-spouts, and this philosopher's mantle suits me
better than any purple robe. As for gold, I hold it
in no higher worth than yonder pebbles on the shore.
It was on your account that I came, in order that
you might not be corrupted by wealth, that most
iniquitous and insidious of possessions, which, many
a time to many a man, has proved a source of irre-
parable misfortunes. If you take my advice, you will
by all means throw the whole of it into the sea, for it
is not at all essential to a virtuous man who can dis-
cern the riches of philosophy but don't throw it into
;
the deep water, my dear fellow just wade in as far

:
as your waist and toss it a short distance outside the

breakers, with none but me to see you. However, if
you are unwilling to do this, then bundle it out of the
house quickly in another and a better way without
leaving as much as a copper for yourself by dis-
tributing it to all the needy, five drachmas to this
man, a mina to that one and half a talent to a third.
If a philosopher should apply he ought to get a
double or a triple portion. As for me, I do not ask
for it on my own account but to share with those of
my comrades who are needy, and it will be plenty if
391
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
irrjpav €fi7r\'ô-a<; 7rapd(Tôi<; ovBe oX-Of 9 Svo (Jbehi-
/jLvov<; oXcyapKyj Se /cal

'X^copovaau AlyiV7)Ti/cov<;.
/juerpLov 'Xph Îvac rbv <f>LKo<JO(ôvvTa koI /jirjBev
virep rrjv irijpav (\)povelv.
TIMnN
^Âiraivo) ravrd aov, w Spa(7Vfc\€t<;' irpo S' ovv^
T^9 7rr)pa<;, el Sofcei, êpe aoL rrjv K€(f)a\7jv
ifiTrXTjaoi) kopBvXcdv eirifieTprjaaî rfj SiKeWrf.
0PA2YKAH2
'fl hrfpLOKpaTia teal vo/jlol, Traio/jbeOa viro rov
Karapdrou iv iXevdepa rfj irokei.
TIMnN
TfcdyavaiCTel^, ayyaOe; /xcov ^ irapaKeKpovafiai
ae; koX /irjv eirepLâKo} )(ôivc/ca<; virep to /nerpov
58 TeTTopa^, aSXa tl tovto; ttoWoI avvep')(0VTar
BXe-^/rta? efC€lvo<; /cal Ad')(^r)<; Kal Tvi^wv /cal 6\ov^
TO crvvrayfjba tmv ol/xcjôfMevcov. axrre tl ovk eirl
TTjV ireTpav TavTijv dveXdcov Tr)v fiev StKeWav
oXiyov dvairavco rrdXat TreTTOvrjfcvlav, avTo<^ 3e otl
iTXei(TTOv<; XiOov^ av/jL(f>oprjcra<; i'm'xâXaôi irop-
pcoOev avTOV<;;
BAEÎA5
M^ ^dXXe, 0) Ti/jb(i)V' diTip.ev ydp.
TIMnN
*AXV OVK dvai/JLcoTi ye vfjuel^ ovhe dvev Tpav-
/jidTOOV.
^ S' oZv Jacobitz : yovp MSS.
2 fioov Dindorf : Ti/io);/ MSS.
* '6\ov Mehler : '6\ws MSS
39a
! !

you let me have the fill of this wallet^ which holds
not quite two bushels Aeginetan.^ A man in
philosophy should be easily satisfied and temperate,
and should limit his aspirations to his wallet.
TIMON
Well Thrasycles
said, But instead of filling the
!
wallet, please allow me to fill your head with lumps,

measured out with my pick.
THRASYCLES
Democracy and the Laws ! The scoundrel is
beating me, in a free city

TIMON
What are you angry about, my dear fellow ? Surely
I haven't given you short measure ? Come, I'll throw
in four pecks over the amount
But what have we here ? They are gathering in
swarms I see Blepsias yonder, Laches, Gnipho and
;
the whole crew of my intended victims. Why not

climb this rock, give my long-wearied pick a little
rest and handle the situation without it, collecting all
the stones I can and raining them down on those
fellows from a distance ?
BLEPSIAS
Don't throw at us, Timon ; we are going away.
TIMON
But not without bloodshed and wounds, I promise
you !
^ Aeginetan weights were heavier than the Attic, but

Aeginetan measures were no larger than any others. One is
tempted to write " two bushels Avoirdupois."
393
CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS
A presentation of the life of man as it appears to Charon
the ferryman, who knows how it all ends. The world which
Charon visits and comments on is that of the sixth century
B.C., not that of Lucian's day, for to Lucian as to most of his
contemporaries the life that he found in books was more
interesting and more real than that in which he lived and
moved. What his satire loses in pungency on this account,
it gains in universality of appeal.
XAPflN H EniSKOnOTNTES
EPMH2
1 Tfc yeXd'^, 0) ^dpcov; rj tL to iropOfMelov airo-
Xlttcov Sevpo avekr}\v6a<; eh rrjv rjfjberepai/ ov irdvv
€lco6co^ €7rc')(^copidêiv tol<; dvco TvpciypLaaiv;
XAPriN
ÊTreOv/jLTjaa, o) 'Kp/jLi), IBecv oiroid icm rd ev
T(p ^L(p Kai a irpaTTOvaiv ol dvOpcoTToi ev avro) rj
TLVcov arepovfievoi Traz/re? ol/jLcoôvcn KaTiovre^;

Trap' r)/jLd<;' ovBeU yap aurayv dSa/cpvrl SceirXev-
aev. alT7](7d/jLevo<^ ovvirccpa rov^'Aihov koX auTO?
(oairep 6 SeTTa\o<; efcelvo<^ veaviaKo^ jjuiav r)f.iepau
XLTToveco^; yeveaOao dveXrjXvOa eV to ^w?, Kai p,oi
hoKCd et9 heov evTerv^rjKevai aor êvayrjaei^; yap
ev oIS* on fie av/jLTrepcvoo-rcov Kai SeLêL<; e/cacrra
0)9 av elBox; airavra.
EPMH2
Ov o-')(ô\rj /xoL, 0) iTOpOfJuev' d7rep')(0fiai ydp rt
SiaKovrjao/jievof; tw dvco Au rcov dvOpcoTTLKCOV 6 Be
6^v6v/jl6<; Kai Si8t,a pur) /SpaSvvavrd p,e
re iart ^
oXov vfierepov edarj elvat irapaBov^; rw ôcfxp, rj

oirep Tov " H(f)at,(TTOv TrpMrjv eiroirjae, pi^j] Kufie
reraycdv tov ttoô? cItto tov Oeawealov /SyXov, &)?
^ <Kol 6pyi\os'> ?
;

HERMES
What are you laughing at^ Charon, and why have
you left your ferry and come up here to our part of
the world ? You are not at all in the habit of con-
cerning yourself with affairs up above.
CHARON
wanted to see what it is like in life, Hermes,
I
what men do in it, and what they lose that makes
them all grieve when they come down to us for ;
none of them has ever made the crossing without a

tear. So, like the young Thessalian (Protesilaus), I
obtained shore leave from Hades for a single day and
came up to the sunlight, and I fancy that I have
been lucky to meet you, for you will surely go about
with me and guide me, and will show me every-
thing, knowing all about it as you do.
HERMES
haven't time, ferryman
I I am on my way to
;
carry out a little commission among men for Zeus in

Heaven. 1 He is quick-tempered, and I fear that if
I am slow about it he will let me be vours altogether,
committing me to the nether gloom, or else that he

will treat me as he did Hephaestus the other day,
taking me by the foot and throwing me from the
^ Contrasted in thought with Zeus of the uether world
i.e. Pluto.
397
THE WORKS OF LLICIAN
viroaKCL^wv yeXcora TTapexoif^c teal avTo^ olvo-

')(0(av.
XAPHN
YiepLo-êi ovv aXXo)? irXavdifxevov virep yrj^;,
/me
Kol ravra kralpo^ fcal av/ji7r\ov<y koI crvvhid-
KTopo<; o)v; kol /jLr)v fca\(o<; €i)(€v, o) Mata*? iraly
e/celvcov jovv ae fjbefxvrjcrOai, on fxrjheTTOtiTroTe ere rj
dprXelp €KeX€vaa ^ Trpoa/ccoTrov elvar dXKa av
fjuev peyKei<; eVt rov Karao-rpoo/jLaTO^; i/craOelf; a>/j,ov(;
ovTco Kaprepoi)^ ^'x^'^ V ^^ nva \d\ov ^ veKpov

evpoi<i, 6/ceLva) irap* oXov rov ifKovv ScaXeyrj' iyco
8e 7rp€a/3vT')]<y cov rrjv BiKcoTrlav iperro) /jl6po<;.
dX\d irpof; rov 7raTy0o<?, w (fyiXrarov 'EpfidScov, firj
fcaTaXi7ry<^ fie, ireptrjyrio-ai he rd ev Ta> /3tft)
diravTa, w? n
koI IScov eTravekdoifir co? riv fie av
d(f)7J(;, ovSep twv TV(f)\cov ^ hioiaw KaOdivep yap
eKelvoL a(f)dX\ovTaL fcal hiokiaO dvovaiv ev tm
CTKOKpt OVTO) St) Kay (a (J 01 eflTTcCKlV dfl^XvUiTTCd
7rpo<s TO (^co?. dXXd 809, w JûXXypie, €9 del
fiefivrfCFOfxevw Tifv 'X^dpiv.
EPMH2
ToOto to wpdyfia KaraaTrjaeral
7rXr]ya)v alriov
fior opod yovv tov fitaObv
tjSi] t?}? 7repLr]y)]cr€a)<;
dfjurjâvov ecrriv, m iropOfJuev' ttoXXcov yap dv ctmv
T) hiarpif^h yevoLTO. elra ifxe fiev KTjpvTreaOai
Seyjaei KaOdirep diroBpavra viro rov Ac6<i, ae 8e
^ \d\ov Mosellanus, Brodaeus : 6.\Kov MSS.
- viKpwu ? cf. Cataj/luSj 22.
parapet of Heaven, so that I too may limp and make
them laugh as I fill their cups.
CHARON
Then will you me wander aimlessly above
let
ground, you who are a comrade and a shipmate and a
fellow guide of souls ? Come now, son of Maea, you
would do well to remember this at least, that I have
never ordered you to bale or take an oar. On the
contrary, you stretch yourself out on deck and
snore, in spite of those broad shoulders of yours, or
if you find a talkative dead man, you chat with him
throughout the trip, while I, old as I am, row both
oars of my boat alone. Come, in your father's name,
Hermie dear, don't leave me stranded be mv oruide
*
to everything in life, so that I may feel I have seen

something when I go back. If you leave me, I shall
be no better off tlian the blind, for they stumble and
reel about in the darkness, while I, to the contrary,
am dazed in the light. Be good to me, Cyllenian,
and I shall remember jôur kindness forever.
HERMES
This business will stand me in a thrashing at any
;
rate I see even now that my pay for plaving guide
will certainly include plenty of fisticuffs. But I

must comply all tha same, for what can a man do
when a friend insists ?
For you to see everything minutely in detail is im-

possible, ferryman, since it would busy us for many
years. In that event Zeus would be obliged to have
me advertized by the crier, like a runaway slave, and
you yourself would be prevented from doing tlie
399
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
fcalavTov KcoXvcreL evepyelv ra rod Savdrov epya
KOI rr)V Yi\ovTwvo<s ap'^Tjv ^tj/jllovv /jltj veKpayw-
yovvra iroWov rov -^povov Kara o re\(£>vrj<^ AlaKO<;
dyavaKrrjaec fJur^K ofSoXov efiiroXoiv. 6l>^ Se ra K€(f)d-
\aia roov yiyvofxevcov Ihoi^, rovro rjSrj aKeirreov.
XAPHN
Auto?, w 'Ep/j,rj, einvoei ro îXrcarov iyco Be
ovSev olSa rcov virep 7779 îvo<i cjv.
EPMH2
To /jL€V oXovy 0) ^dpcov, v-\\rrfkov nvo^ t)/jLtp Set
XcopLOv, CO? avr' eKeivov rravra KariZoL^^' aol Be el
fiev €? rov ovpavov dveXOelv hvvarov ovk av
rjv,
ifcd/uLvo/J,ev' ifc irepLayirr}'^ yap av aKpi/Bw^; airavra

Ka6e(Mipa<i. iirel 3e ov Oe/HL^; €l8(i)Xoi<; del crvvovra
eTTi/SareveLV rcov âcnXelcov rov Aioî, a>pa r/filv
yyjrrfXov re opa TrepiaKOTrelv.
XAPHN
OlaOa, 0) 'Epfxrj, direp etcoOa Xeyeiv iyco Trpo?
L'yLta?, €7rei8dv irXecofiev; oirorav yap ro irvevfia
Karaiyiaav irXayici rfj oOovy
Kal ro KVjxa
efiirear)
ijylrriXov dpOfj, rore vfjiel^; /xev vir dyvoua^ KeXevere
rrjv oOovrjv arelXac rj ivSovvat oXiyov rov ttoSo? tj
avveKSpa/jL€LV rw irvevfxari, eycb he rr)v i]TV')(iav
dyeiv irapaKeXevofjLaL v/jllv auro^ yap elSevai rb
jSiXnov. Kara ravrd Sr] Kal crv irpdrre oiroaa
KaXcof; e'Xêiv vofiiêi^ Kvêpvrjrr)^ vvv ye cav iyco
Se, cjcTirep iTTL/3draL<; v6fio<;, aLcoirfi Kadehovfxat
irdvra 7rei,66/j,evo<; KeXevovri <J0i.
EPMH5
*OpOco^ Xeyei,<{* avr6<i yap etaofjiai rl Trotrjreov
400
work of Death and compelled to embarrass the rev-
enues of Pluto's government by not bringing in any
dead for a long time besides, Aeacus the toll-taker
;
would be angry if he did not make even an obol. We

must manage it so that you can see the principal
things that are going on.
CHARON
You must determine what is best, Hermes I ;
know nothing at all about things above ground, being

a stranger.
HERMES
In a word, Charon, we want a high place of some
sort, from which you can look down upon everything.
If it were possible for you to go up into Pleaven, we
should be in no difficulty, for you could see every-
thing plainly from on high. But as it is not permis-
sible for one who consorts always with shades to set
foot in the palace of Zeus, we must look about for a
high mountain.
CHARON
You know, Hermes, what I am in the habit of
telling you and the others when we are on the water.
When we are close-hauled and the wind in a sudden
squall strikes the sail and the waves rise high, then
you all in your ignorance tell me to take the sail in
or slack the sheet off a bit or run before the wind ;
but I urge you to keep quiet, saj/ing that I myself

know what is best. Just so in this case you must ;
do whatever you think is right, for you are skipper

now, and I will sit in silence, as a passenger should,
and obey 3'our orders in everything.
HERMES
Quite right ; I will see what is to be done, and
401
vol.. II. D D
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
fcal eêvpTjCTco ttjv lKapr)V (TKOTrrji'. ap ovv 6 Kau-
^
/caao<i iTTLTrjZeLO^ r) o Tiapvaaao'^ rj vyjrrjXorepo^;
ap-cfyoci^ 6 "OXuyu-TTO? ifceivoai; Kairoi ov cfyavXov o
avejJLvrjaOr^v e? tov "OXvpurov clttiBcov' avyKa/îeci^
Be Ti Koi VTTOVpyrjaai koX ae Set.
XAPHN
TlpocTTaTTe' vTrovpyijaa) yap ocra hvvard.
EPMH2
"OfjL7)po<; '7roir)Tr]<; <^rjaL tov<; 'AXwew?
vlea^, Svo
Koi avTov<; ovra^, en iralBa^ edeXrjcrai irore ti]v
'Oaaav €K ^dOpcop dvaaTrdaavTa^; einOelvaL tco
'OXu/ATTft), elra to TirfKiov eir avrfj, l/cav7]v rav-
rr)v KKifxaKa eêiv olofievovff Kal irpoaâcnv eirl
TOV ovpavov. eKeivw fiev ovv tco jneipaKLO), dra-
aOdXo) yap Tjo-rrjv, SiKa^; €TLadT7]v' vo) Se ov yap —
eVl Kafco) Tcov Oewv ravra jSovXevofiev rt ov^l —
oLKoSofMOVfiev Kal avTol Kara rd avrd eiriKuXLv-
8ovvTe<; eirdXXrjXa rd opr], d)<; €)(ôt,fj,ev d(f)^ iiyjrrjXo-
repov dKpLêarepav rrjv aKoirrjv;
XAPHN
4 Kal Bvvrjao/jLeOa, w '^pfxrj, Bv oWe? dvaOeaOai
dpdfxevoi TO Yii'fXtov rj ttjv "Oaaav;
EPMH5
la TV ovK av, o) jâpcov; fj a^Lot<i ayev-
7]/jLa<;
ve(TTepov<; elvat toIv ^pecjyvXXioiv eKelvoLv, Ka\

ravTa Oeov^ vTrdp'ôvra^;;
XAPHN
OvK, dXXd TO 'irpdy/jLa SoKel fioc diridavov Tiva
T7)v fieyaXovpyiav e')(eLV.
*
^ uv|/7jA(^T€poj Schneider : v\\n]\6'Tfpos fi MSS.
402
will find the proper coign of vantage. Well then,
willCaucasus do, or Parnassus, or Ol^'^mpus yonder,
which is higher than either ? But no, as I looked at
Olympus an idea came to me that is not half bad ;
but you must bear a hand and help me out.
CHARON
Give your orders ; I will help as much as I can.
HEP.MES
The poet Homer says that the sons of Aloeus, who,
like ourselves, were two in number, took a fMiic,
once upon a time while tiity were still mere chilciren
to pluck Ossa from its base and set it on Olympus,
and then to set Pelion on top of it, thinking that
this would give them a suitable ladder with which
to scale Heaven. 1 Well, these two lads were
sacrilegious and they were punished for it but we ;
two are not making this plan to harm the gods, so

why shouldn't we build in the same way, rolling the
mountains one atop of another, in order to secure a
better view from a higher place ?
CHARON
Shall we be able to lift Pelion or Ossa and heave
it up, Hermes, when there are only two of us ?
HERMES
Why not, Charon ? Surely you don't consider us
weaker than that pair of infants ? Moreover, we are
gods.
CHAROxN
No, but the thing seems to me to involve an
incredible deal of work.
1 Od. 11, so:, ft
n n 5
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
EtATOTft)?* l8LC0Tr]is JCip el, O) ^dpCOV, KOI r}Ki(TTa
7roL7]TL/<:6<;' o Be y€vvd8a^"0/iir)po<s diro Svo2v crri-
Xoi'J^ avTLKa i)jMV dfiârov eTTOtz/cre rov ovpavov,
ovTd) paBi,Q)<; avuOel^ ra oprj. /cal Oavfid^w el aoi
ravra repdaria eivai SoKet rov " ArXavra ByjXaBr)
elSoTL, 09 TOP nroKov avrov el? wv (pepec dve^cov
rjudî diravra^. aKOvei'^ he ye icrccx; koI rov dhe\-
(pov rov ifJLov irepL rov 'h{paK\,iov(;, oo? hiaheâtro
TTore avTOf; itcelvo^;^ tgv "ArXavra, koX dvaTravorete
7rpo<; oXiyop rod d')(6ov^ viroOel^; eavrov Tq>
(pOpTLO).
XAPHN
Âkovco koX ravra' el he d\t]Or] eariv, crv dv, o)
'Kp/jL7], KaX ol 7roL7]ral elheirjre.
EPMH2
'AXrjdearara, S) Xdpcov. rj rlvo^ yap eveica
(TO(f)ol dvhpe<; e-y\revhovro dv; cocrre dvafxo')(\.evoL> jiev
rrjv 'Oaaav irpayrov, oiarrep rj/juv v(f)rjyeLraL ro
e7ro9 fcal 6 dpîre/crcov '
O/x7;y0O9,
avrap eir KJaarj

YirjXiov elvoaicpvXXov.
opa^ OTTco<; pahtco^; d/jia fcal iroirjriKoy'^ eêipya-
adfieOa; (pep^ ovv dva^d<; Ihco, el koI ravra Ircavd
f> Tj irroL/cohofielv ere herjaei. rrairal, fcdrco en eajjuv
iv vTTCopeia rov ovpavov' aTro fxev yap rcov ecocov
/j,6yif;^lcovLa fcal Avhla cpalverai, drro he rrj<; earre-
pa<; ov TvXeov t*Kal 2tLfceXla<i, diro he rcov
aXia<;
dp/cr(pcov rd eTrl rdhe rov 'larpov jxovov, KuKeWev
1] K.pi]rrj ov irdvv C7ac6a>9. /jueraKCVTjrea r/fuv, w
^ avTos eKetvos A.M. H. avrhs itce^vov Hemsterhuys
; avrhv :
fKSp.VOV MSS.
A04
HERMES
Of course, for you are only a prosaic body, Charon,
and not a bit of a poet. Good Homer, however, has
made possible for us to scale Heaven in a jifty
it
with a pair of verses, for he puts the mountains

together as easily as that. I am surprised that yoii
think this miraculous, for, of course, you know Atlas,
v/ho carries Heaven itself without any help, uj)-
holding us all. And no doubt you have heard about
my brother Heracles, how he himself once took the
place of Atlas and relieved him of his load for a
time by taking the burden on his own shoulders.
CHARON
have heard that but whether it
Yes, I ; is true or
not, Hermes, you and the poets only know !
HERMES
True as can be, Charon. Why should wise men
lie So let us uproot Ossa first, according to
.''
the directions of the poem and the master-builder.

Homer ;
" then upon Ossa

" Pelion quivering-leaved." ^
Don't you see how easily and poetically we have

done the job Come now, let me climb up and see
.^
if this is enough or we shall have to add to the pile.

Upon my word, we are still away down among the
foot-hills of Heaven ! Toward tiie east I can onlv

just see Ionia and Lydia, toward the west not beyond
Italy and toward the north only the country
Sicily,
on this side the Danube, and in that direction Crete,
but not very plainly. Apparently we must move up
1 Od. 11, 305.
405
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TTopOfiev, Koi r) Octt], co? eoL/ceVy elra 6 Uapvaaab^;
iirl TracFLV.
XAPHN
OvTOD TTOiay/JLev. opa /lovov/jlt] XeirroTepov eêp-
'yacrwjieOa to epyov a7ro/it]KvvavTe<; irepa rov

iTiOavov, elra avyKarappKêvre^; avrw TrtKpd^
Tfj<;'0/i7jpov oiKoSo/jiiKri^; 7r6ipa6a)fM€u avvTpLJ3evTe<;
TOiV KpaVL(OV.
EPMH2
(&dpp€r a(T(f)a\(b<; yap eêi airavra. iieraTiOeL
Ti]v OIttjv eirLKvXtvheiaOo) 6 Y\apvaaa6<;. Ihov
3//, eirdveiiJii av6t<;' ev e')(êL' Trdvra opcj' dvdâive
77077 Kai av.
XAPHN
"Opeôv, (oÊp/ji)], Tr)v ')(êlpa' ov yap iirl fiLKpav
fie ravTTjv /njx^^h^ dva0t/3d^€L<;.
EPIVIH2
Et 76 w Hdpcov, diravra' ov/c
/cal ISelv iOeXei^;,
eri Be d/ji<j)(o Kal (hiXoOedpLova elvai.
fcal dcrcâXrj
dXk e%ou fjbov T779 heîCL'^ fcal (f)€L8ov fir) Kara rov
oXiaOripov iraTelv. ev ye, dve\rj\v6a<^ Kal av'
Kal eireiirep ScKopv/jL/So'^ Yiapvaaa6<; ecrri, p,iav
eKdrepo^ aKpav aTroXa/So/jLevoc KaOe^co/jLcda- av
Se jJiOL tjBt] ev kvkXcd irepL^XeiTcov eiriaKoirei
diravTa.
XAPHN
'Opo) yrjv TToXXrjv Kal Xt/jivrjv riva fieydXrjv
TrepLppeovaav Kal opr) Kal Trora/JLOV^; rov K.(okvtov
Kal YivpK^XeyeOovTQf; /iieiôva<; Kal dp6pco7rov<;
irdi V a/iLKpov^; Kat TLva<; (f)(oX€Ov<; avrcov.
EPMH5
IloXei? eKelvai elcnv ov<; (jicoXeovf; elvai vo/ii^€i<;,
406
Oeta too, ferryman, and then Parnassus to top them
all.
CHARON
Let's do so. But take care that we don't make
the structure too slender by heightening it beyond
all reason, and so tumble down with it and pay
bitterly for our experiment in Homeric building by
breaking our heads.
HERMES
Never fear everything will be secure.
; Move
Oeta over. Roll Parnassus this way. There now, I
am going up again. It is all right, I see everything;
now come up yourself.
CHARON
Put out your hand, Hennes. This is an uncom-
monly big piece of stage-machinery that you are
mounting me on.
HERMES
Must be done, if you are bound to see everything,
Charon. One can't see sights without taking
chances. Come, take hold of my right hand and
look out you don't step where it is slippery. Good,
you are up too. As Parnassus has two peaks, let us
each take a summit for himself and sit on it. Now,
then, look round about you and inspect everything.
CHARON
see a quantity of land with a great lagoon encir-
I
cling it, mountains, rivers bigger than Cocytus and

Pyriphlegethon, tiny little men, and things which
look like their hiding-places.
HERMES
Those things which you take to be hiding-places
are cities. ^
407
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XAPHN
OlaOa ovv, o) 'Ep/iPj, co? ovSev 7)fXLi> TreirpaKTat,
dWa /xaT?;y top Uapvaaahv avrfj KacrraXta Kat
rrjv Oltj]V koX ra dWa oprj fxeTeKivrjaafxev;
EPMH2
"On ri;
XAPHN
Ovhlv afcptf3€<^ 67^) jovv airo rov vylnjXoO opoy
€Se6jii')]v 8e ou TToXet? kuI opr] avro /liovop coairep
ev <ypa(pal<; opav, aWa
tou? avOpanrov^ avTOv<;
Kal a TrpdrrovcTL koI ola Xeyovaiv. wairep ore fie
TO irpwTOV ivTvycov elBe<i yeXcoi'Ta /cal i]pov ye 6 tl
ye\a)7]P, iiKOVda^ tivo<^ rjaO^jv eh VTrep/SoXiju.
EPMK2
Tt 8e TOVTO v,v;
XAPHN
'EttI heliTvov, olfiac, K\r]Oei<; ti<;^ vtto tlvo^ tmv
(piXcov e? r7]P varepaiav, " MdXiara 7]^co,^^ î^V>
Kal fieraî) Xeyovro^^ diro tgv reyou? KepajA^
ifjLTTecrovcra ov/c oI8' orov Kivrjaavro^ direKreivev
avTov. iyeXaaa ovv ovk eTrtreXeaavro^ ryjv
vTToayeaiv. eoi/ca Se Kal vvv vTroKara/SijaeaOai,
&)? fidXXov /SXeTToifu Kal dKovoifiL.
EPMH2
"E^' drpepâ' Kal tovto yap eyco Idaofiai croi
Kal o^vSepKearaTov ev /Spa^^^ o-e ^ d7ro(f)av(t) Trap*
'O/jb/jpov TLvd Kal 7rpo<i tovto eiroiSyv Xa^cov,
KaireiSdv eiTra) ra eiri], /xefivijao pujKeTL dfi/3Xv-
coTTeiv, dXXa aa(j)6)<^ irdvTa opdv.
* Tis 5", Herwerden not in best INISS.
:
2 (re not in MSS. after o^vSepKeararov Somnierbrodt,

: after
eV )3paxer A.M.H.
408
CHARON
Do you know, Hermes, we haven't accomplished
anything, but have moved Mount Parnassus, Castaly
and all, Mount Oeta and the rest of them for
nothing.
HERMES
Why ?
CHARON
I can't see anything plainly from on higli. What
I wanted not just to look at cities and mountains
v,as
as in a picture, but to observe men themselves, what
they are doing and what they are saying.. For
instance, when we first met and vou saw me laughing
and asked what 1 was laughing at, I had heard some-
thing which amused me vastly.
HERMES
What was it ?
CHARON
A man who had been invited to dinner, I take it,
by one of his friends for the next day replied
"Certainly I shall come," and even as he spoke a tile
from the roof which someone had dislodged fell
on him and killed him. I had to laugh at him
because he did not keep his promise I think —
I shall go down a little, so as to see and hear
better.
HERMES
Hold stillremedy that for you too and will
; 1 will
make you sharp-sighted in a minute by getting
a charm out of Homer for this purpose as well as the
other. When I say the verses remember not to be
short-sighted any longer^ but to see everything
distinctly.
409
TFIE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XAPHN
A€7e fiovov.
EPMH2
Â')(\vv K av TOi CUT 6(f>0aX/jL(ov eXov, ^ irplv
6(^p' ev yivcoaKOi'; rjfxev 0*=.ov rjhe Kal avSpa.
TL icTTLv; 7]Brj 6pa<;;

XAPHN
'T7r€p(f)V(o<; ye' ti;(^Xo9 6 AvyK€v<; €fC€tvo<; co?
7rpo<; ifxe' cacrre av to eVl TOVT(t> irpocrhihaaKe
fie airoKpivov epwTWVTi.
fcal dWa ôvXei KaTa
Tov "Ofirfpov Kayo) epoyfiai ere, 0)9 jjlclOt)^ ovB*
aVTOV a/JL€\€T7]T0V OVTU fJL€ T(OV '0/JL^]pOV;
EPMH2
Kal TTodev (TV €%6i9 Ti Tojv i/celvov elhevai,
vavTrj^ ael /cal irpoaKcoTro^ a>v;
XAPnN
'Opd<;, ovei^LCTTiKov tovto el^ ttjp Te^vv^- €70)
Be oiroTe BteiropOfievov avTOV airoOavovTa, iroWa
f)ayjrq)SovvTO<; aKOvaa^ KaiTot
ivicov 6tl fie/Jbvrjfiar
ov fiiKpo<; Tore KaTeXd/bb/Savev.
^(êifjLcbv r)/jid(i tVel
yap TjpâTO aheuv ov irdvv alcnov Tiva (ohrjv toI^
TrXeovcriv, ft)9 TLoaetBcov (Tvvijyaye Ta9 v€(f)e\a<;
fcal €Tdpa^€ TOV ttovtov oyairep Topvvrjv tivcl
ifjLpaXoov Tr)v Tplaivav Kal irdcra^ Ta<; OveWa^
a)p66vve Kal dWa
TroWd, kvkcov r^y OdXaTTav
VTTO t6)V iiTcov, yêijJLwv d(f)V(o Kal yi>6(f)0<; ijJLireaaiv
oXiyov helv irepieTpeylrev '))/jlIv ti]V vavv OTe irep
Kal vavTidaa<s eKelvo<; dTrrjpieae tmv pa^\ra)hi(i)v
Ta9 7roXXa9 avTrj ^kvXXtj Kal âpv^Sei Kal
410
!

CHARON
Only say them
HERMES
'"'
Lo, from your eyes I have lifted a veil that before
was upon them.
So that your sight may be sure to distinguish a god
from a mortal." ^
How about it ? Do you see now ?
CHARON
Lynceus was a blind man beside
Marvellously '
me so now give me the necessary instruction and

;
answer my questions. But would you like me to

ask them in the language of Homer, so that you
may know that I myself am not unfamiliar with his
poetry }
HERMES
How
can you know any of it when you are always
on shipboard and at the oar }
CHARON
See here, that a libel on my calling
is When I !
set him over the ferry after his death, I heard him
recite a quantity of verses and still remember some
of them, although a good bit of a storm caught us
then. You see, he began to sing a song that was
not too auspicious for the passengers, telling how
Poseidon brought the clouds together, stirred up the
deep by plunging in his trident as if it were a ladle,
excited all the gales and a lot more of it. Thus he
put the sea in a commotion with his verses, and a
black squall suddenly struck us and just misse4-v]
capsizing the boat. Then he became seasick and
jettisoned most of his lays, including Scylla and
1 Iliad 5, 127 ff.
411
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KvkXcottl. ov yaXeiTov ovv tjv eV roaovrov ifjuerov
8 oXtya yovv SiacpvXdTTeiv. elire fydp fior
Tt9 T dp' ^ o3' ecTTt ird^KTTO^ dvrjp ^1/9 re fieya^;
e^0')(0'^ dvOpcoTTCov fc€(f)d\r)v koI evpea^ cofiov^;
EPMK2
yiiK-wv ovTG(; ifc K.p6to)vo<; dOXrjTi]^;. eiri-
fcporovai S' avrw gI '

EW7]V6<i, gtl top ravpov
apdiievo^ (jyepet Sia rov arahiov fieaov.
XAPnN
Kat iTOcrcp hiKaiorepov dv ifxe, o) 'Rpfirj, eirat-
volev, 09 avTov goi top îiXcova per oXlyov

(jvhXajBcov iv6j](TopaL 69 to aKa(îhiGV, oirorav
i]/ci] 7rpo9 ?7/xa9 vtto rod dpâ^cordrov roiu dvrayw-
VL(TTCov KarairaXaKjOel'^ rov Savdrcv, p^rjSe crvvel^;
07rft)9 avTOV vTroafceXiêi,; Kara oip^coêTai rfplv

Sr)\aSr) pL€pv)]pi6Vo<; rcov arecpdvcov rovrcov fcal
rov fcpoTQv vvv he p^kya (ppovel OavpLaôpevo^

eirlrf) rov ravpov dpopa. ri 8' ovv; olr)6a)p,ev
dpa iXiriêiv avrov koX reOvqêaOai irore;
EPMH2
YioOev eKeivo<; davdrov vvv pLvr]p.ov€va€i€v dv
h> dKpLrj Toaavrr);
XAPnN
"Ea TOVTOv ovK et9 pbarcpdv yeXcora rjpblv Tvape-
1 t' 6.p* Fritzsche : yap MSS (om. r).
412
Ch.irybdis and the Cyclops so that ; it wasn't hard
for me to get a little salvage out of all that he let
go.^ Tell me :
'^^Who the burly man yor.dei, the hero so tall and

is
handsome.
so
Towering over the throng by a head and a broad
pair of shoulders ?
" ^
HERMES
That is Milo, the athlete from Croton. The
Greeks are clapping their hands at him because he
has lifted the bull and is carrying him through the
centre of the stadium.
CHARON
How much more fitting it would be, Hermes, if
they should applaud me for in a little while I shall
;
seize Milo himself and heave him aboard the boat, f

when he comes to us after getting thrown by Death,
the most invincible of all antagonists, without even
knowing how he was tripped Then we shall hear
!
him wail, depend upon it, when he remembers these

crowns of victory and this applause but now he ;
thinks highly of himself because of the admiration he

is winning for carrying the bull. What Are we to !
think that he expects to die some day ?
HERMES
Why
should he think of death now, when he is so
young and strong }
CHARON
Never mind him ; he will give us food for laughter
^ Lucian appears to have borrowed this from a picture by
Galato in which the indebtedness of the other poeta to
Homer was caricatured with more force than elegance.
2 Parody on Iliad 3, 226 (Ajax).
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ôvra OTTorav irXerj, /X77S* i/xTrlBa ol'% 07r&)9 ravpov
9 en apacrOac Swd/Mevo^;. ^v Be fioc eKelvo elire,
Tt? T ap 00 ak\o^ a€fjLPO<; avrjp;
ovx EiWrjp,
'
o)? €OLK€v, aTTo yovv T^9 <7T0X^9.
EPMH2
K{)/309, M j:idpcov, 6 K.afM/3vaov, 09 ryv dp')(riv
iraXai îr)Bwv i')(ovr(i3V vvv Yiepaoiv tjBt] iiroirjaev
elvar Koi ÂaavpLcov S' eVa7^09 ovrof; i/cpdrrjae
Koi Jâ^vXcova irapeaTrjCTaTO koi vvv iXacreiovTi
eirl AvBiav eoiKCv, 0)9 fcadekcov tov J^poccrov dp')(OL
uTravTcov.
XAPHN
'O Kpot<709 ê 'JTov TTore fcdK€tv6<; eanv;
EPMH2
Ê/ceicre aTTojSXe'ylrov 69 rrjv fieydXrjv d,Kp6iToXLVt
TTJV TO TpiirXoVV T6t;^09' ^dphei<^ €K€LVaC, KOl TOV
J^polaov avTov opa
êv€ ^KOnvale,
KoX TOL'9 Orjcravpov'i koI 6ao<i daijp.O'^ ^ ')(pvao^
iaTLV rjpLv kclI ttjv dXXrjv iroXvTeXeiav, elrre
poi, Tiva 7)yfj TCO^' aTravTcov dvOpcoTTCOv evSat-
poveaTUTOv ecvat.
XAPHN
LL apa ZoXcov epei;
^ aajj/jLos Kol y, N : aarjuos Koi eirlarj/xos ?

before long when he makes his voyage and is no
longer able to lift a mosquito, let alone a bull ! Tell
me,
" Who is the other man yonder, the haug-htv one ?
" ^
Not a Greek, it seems, from his dress at least.
HERMES
That Cyrus, Charon^ the son of Cambyses, who
is
has already transferred to the Persians the empire

that once belonged to the Medes. Moreover, he
recently conquered the Assyrians and brought Baby-
lon to terms, and now he appears to be meditating a
campaign against Lydia, with the idea of over-
throwing Croesus and ruling the world.
CHARON
And Croesus, where is he ?
HERMES
Look over there towards the great acropolis with
the triple wall. That is Sardis, and now you see
Croesus himself sitting on a golden throne, talking
with Solon of Athens. Would you like to listen to
what they are saying - 1:
CHARON
By all means.
CROESUS
My friend from Athens, as you have seen my
riches, my treasuries, all the bullion that I have and
the rest of my splendor, tell me whom do you

consider the most fortunate man in the world }
CHARON
What will Solon say to that .''
* Iliad3, 226 served as a model for this line also.

2 The conversation that follows is based on Herodotus 1,
29-33.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
("tapper ovdev dyevve<sy S) ^dpcov.
SOAHN
Kpocae, oXiyot f.L6P oi evoaif-LOve^;' eyay ce
11
cov olSaKXeoîv xal lîrcova yyovfiai evSat-
•fMoveaTCLTOV^ yeveaOac, rou? r/}? Lepeia<^ 7ralha<;
rfj<; ÂpyoOeVs tol'9 d/xa irpfprjv d7ro6av6vra<;, eVet
rr)i/ jji,r)T6pa vireovi^Te^; elX/cvaav iirl t/)9 dir/jm]^
ci'x^pi' 7r/oo9 TO lepov.
KPOI20:2;
"Ecrra)' i)(îro)CFav i/celvoL ra Trpcora Trj<; ev-
8ai,/JLoi^La<;. 6 8€VT€po<; 8e rt? dv elrj;
SOAHN
TeWo? ' Xdi^vaio^, 09 ev r e^Lcd koX direOavev
vTvep TTj^ nrarpiho'^.
KP01202
'Eô) 3e, 03 KdOapfia, ov aoi Sukco evSaificov
elvai;
20AnN
OvBeTTco ol8a, &> Kpotcre, 7)1/ ^^ 7r/309 to TeXo?
d(f)iKr) Tov piov 6 yap 6dvaT0<; aKpL^rj^ 6\ey')(ô^
T(ov roiovTcov Kal to a%/3t 7r/309 TO repfxa evhai-

IJi6v(jL)<i Sia^LMvai.
XAPnN
KaXXtaTa, w ôXcov, rj/ncov ovk e7n\e\7]aaiy
otl
dWd irapd to iropOpLelov avrb d^tol^ yiyveaOai
11 Tr]v Trepl rcou tolovtwv Kpiav. aWa Tiva<;
ifceLVOv<; 6 K^polaos i/cTre/jLTrei q tl eiri, TOiv cj^jlcop
(pepovac;
416
HERMES
Never fear ; notliing ignoble, Charon.
SOLON
Fortunate men are few, Croesus, but I consider
that of all the men I know, the most fortunate are
Cleobis and Biton, the sons of the priestess at Argos,
who died together the other day when they had
harnessed themselves and drawn their mother to the
temple on the wagon. ^
CROESUS
Very well, let them have the first rank in good
fortune. But who would be the second ?
SOLON
Tellus of Athens, who lived happily and died for
his country.
CROESUS
But what about me, knave ? Don't you think I
am fortunate ?
SOLON
1 do not know, Croesus, and shall not until you
come to the close of your life Death is a sure test
in such matters, that and a fortunate life right up to
the end.
CHARON
Tliank you kindly, Solon, for not forgetting us,*
but demanding the decision of such matters to be
made right at the ferry. But who are those men
whom Croesus is sending out, and what are they
carrying on their shoulders ? ^
* In Herodotus Tellus gets the first place.
2 Himself and Pluto.
' Compare Herodotus i. 50 The conversation between
flf.
Solon and Croesus on the subject of the ingots is Lucian's

own contribution.
417
VOL. II. E E
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
UXlvOov^ T(p T\v6iw 'X^pvadf; ai/artOrjac fXicrdov
TWV '^pr]Or/JLO)V V(f) (bv KOi CLTToXelTai jJiLKpoV
vorrepov (fnXofJiavTL^; he dvrjp ^ t/CT07rco9.
XAPflN
^Kecvo yap ecrriv 6 ')(^pvcr6<;, to Xa/jLirpov o
airo(7Ti\^€L, ro virw^pov fier epvOij/xaro'^; vvv
yap 7rp(i)Tov elSov, afcovcov aei.
EPMH2
YiKelvo, 0) X^dpcov, TO doiBi/iiov ovo/xa Kal
Trept/jbd')(r]TOV.
XAPHN
Kal fiTju ov')(^ op(o 6 TL TO dyaOov avTO) irpocr-
eaTtv, el firj dpa ev tl jjlovov, otl âpvvovTai ol
cpepovTe^ avTo.
EPMH2
Ov yap olaOa oaot tovto Kal ein-
iroXefioL Sid
ôvXal Kal XycfTTjpia Kal iinopKiaL Kal cpovot Kal
Seafid"^ Kal eixiropiai Kal SovXelac;
XAPHN
Aid TOVTO, TTOXv TOV ')(â\K0V
O) Rp/jLYJ, TO flT)
8ta(f)epov; olSa yap top yakKov, 6l3o\6v, dx; olaOa,

irapa tcjp KaTairXeovTOiv eKaaTOV eKXeycov.
EPMH2
Nat* dWd o ')(akKo^ jxev 7ro\v<;, cocTTe ov irdw
aTTovSdlêTac vir avToyv tovtov Be oXlyov eK
TToXXov TOV
^d6ov<; ol fieTaXX6vovTe<; dvopvT-
Tovar 7r\r)v dX\a eK tt}? ^^^^9 /cat ovto<; cjairep
6 /z-oXf/33o9 Kal ra dXXa.
* av7]pDindorf &i'T]p F 6 avj)p other MSS.
: ;
Spath bea/bLo. koI trXovs fiaKphs MSS. Somebodj has

^ dea/uLo. :
put in an allusion to the quest of the Golden Fleece.

4l8
HERMES
He is making an offering of golden ingots to Apollo
at Delphi to pay for the prophecies which will bring
him to grief a little later on. The man is mon-
strously daft on divination.
CHARON
Is that gold, the bright substance that shines, the
pale yellow substance with a cast of red ? This is
the first time that I have seen it, though I am always
hearing of it.
HERMES
That is it, Charon, the name that they sing of and
fight for.
CHARON
Really don't see what good there is about
I it,
except perhaps for one thing, that its bearers find it

heavy.
HERMES
You do not know how many wars there have been
on account of it, how many plots, perjuries, murders,
imprisonments, trading ventures, and enslavements.
CHARON
On account of this substance, not much different
from bronze ? I know bronze, for, as you are aware,
I collect an obol from everyone who makes the
downward journey
HERMES
Yes, but bronze is plentiful, so that they do not
prize it very highly, while this is dug up by the
miners at a great depth in small quantities. It
comes from the earth, however, like lead and the
rest of the metals.
419
E E 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XAPnN
Aeiv^v TLva Xeyei^ rcov avOpo^Trcav rrjv ajBeX-
repiav, ot roaovrov epcora epoyatv wxpov kuI
âpeo<; KTy/juaro^;.
EPMH2
'AWa ov X6\a)v ye eKelvo^, w ^dpufv, ipav
avTOv âiverai, 09> ft)? opa^, KarayeXd rov
ILpoiaov Koi t^9 iMeyaXavîaî rov ffap^dpov, Kai
poc hoKelv epeaOai tl ôvXerai avrov iiraKov-
(TCop,ev ovv.
20AnN
12 EtVe pbOL, 0) KpoZcre, oi'et yap ri Seiadat tcov
ifKivdwv TOVTCdV TOP UvOiov;
KPOI202
N^ Al'ov yap iariv avrw iv Ae\(f)ot<;
dvadripâ ovhev tolovtov.
20AnN
Ov/covv pbaKupLov olei rov Oeov cnro<âv€lv} el
KTrjGaiTO avv toI<; dWoif; Kai irXivOovfi ')^pvaa<;;
KPOI205
IIa)9 yap ov;
SOAHN
JloWr)V poL \iy€i<;, o) J^potae, ireviav iv to)
ovpavcpy el etc AvSlaî pêracrreWeaOai to 'X^pvaiov
herfaei avTov<;, i]V i7ri6vp,r)<Tcoai,
KPOI202
Uov yap TOcrovTOf; dv yivoiTO ')(^pvcro<; oao^ irap
r^pTtv;
20AnN
EtVe p>oi, aiSrjpof; Be (pverai iv Av8[a;
KP0I205
Oif irdvv Tt.
* a.iro<pavetv Dindorf : aTro<paiv(iv MSS.
420
CHARON
Menare terribly stupid, by what you say, since
they have such a passion for a yellow, heavy
substance.
HERMES
Well, at any rate Solon yonder does not seem to
love it, Charon, as you see, for he is laughing at
Croesus and his barbarian boastfulness, and to my
mind he wants to ask him a question. Let us listen,
then.
SOLON
Tell me, Croesus, do you really think that Apollo
has any need of these ingots ?
CROESUS
Good Heavens, yes He has nothing to match
!
them among the votive offerings at Delphi.

SOLON
Then you expect to make the god happy if he adds
ingots of gold to the rest of his possessions ?
CROESUS
Why not?
SOLON
They
are very poor in Heaven from what you say,
since they have to send and get gold from Lydia
if they want it,
CROESUS
Why, where can there be as
else much gold as
there is in our country ?
SOLON
Tell me, is iron produced in Lydia ?
CROESUS
Not to any great extent.
421
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
SOAHN
Tov êKriovo^ apa eVSeet? eVre.
KPOI205
IIco? afietvcov 6 aLSi]po<=: ^pvalov;
SOAHN
'
Hv aTTOKpivrj /jirjBev ayavaKTCov, p.d6oiôvTe<^ hi-jXahr^.
20AnN
A/0 ofi^, 771^ Ki)/3o?, 0)9 Xoyoirowvcri rive^;, eirirj
Avhoh, XP^^^'^ iJLaxai^pci'i crv ironjarj tw arparMy
*] aihrjpo<; avayKolo'^ Tore;
KPOI202
O ai8ripo<; BrjXov on.
SOAHN
Kafc et ye tovtov p,r) Trapaa-Kevdaaio, ol'xoiro av
(joi 6 ;^/9f 0-09 €9 Tlepaa'^ at;^yLtaX&)T09.
KPOI205
l^v(f)i]p,€i, avOpwire.
20AnN
M^ yevoLTO pev ravra' âivrj
ovrco 8' ovv
dpLCLVco TOV XP^ôv TOV aiZrjpov 6p.o\oyo}V»
KPO1202
OvKOVV KoX TW Serp cTcSrjpcii} 7r\ivOov<; KeXevei^;
avaTiOevai pie, tov Be ^pvabv OTriaw avOi<; dva-
KaXelv;
422
!

SOLON
Then you are poor in the better metal.
CROESUS
In what way is iron better than gold ?
SOLON
If you will answer my questions without getting
angry, you will find out.
CROESUS
Ask them, Solon.
SOLON
Who the better man, the one
is who saves a life or
the one who is saved by him ?
CROESUS
The one who saves a life of course.
SOLON
Then ifCyrus attacks the Lydians, as rumour has
it that he will, shall you get swords of gold made
for your army, or will iron be necessary in that case ?
CROESUS
Iron, certainly.
SOLON
Yes, and if you should not provide iron, your gold
would go off to Persia in captivity.
CROESUS
Don't speak of such a thing, man
SOLON
I pray it may not turn out that way ; but you
clearly admit that iron is better than gold.
CROESUS
Then would you have me offer ingots of iron to
the god and call the gold back again ?
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
50AnN
OvBe (TtSi]pov eKelvo^ ye Berja-erai, a\X r}v re
')(aXKov 7]V T6 ')(^pvaov dva6fj<;, dWoi<; fiev ttotc
KTTjjMa /cat epjiaiov ear) avareOeiKoyf;, ^WKevcnv rj
Botft)Tot9 rj AeXôt? avTOL<; ij rivi rvpdvvM rj
Xtjarfj, Tft) Be Ocm oXlyov [xeXeu twv acoi/ %/Of-
(TOTTOUCOV.
KPOI205
Âel (TV fxov Tftj irXovTM irpocnToXepbel^; koI
(pOovel';.
EPMH2
13 Ov cfiipei 6 AvBo<;, o) ^dpcov, rrjv irapprjaiav
Kol TTjV dXrjOeiav tmv Xoycov, dXXd êvov avTM
SoKel TO TTpdyfia, irevr]^; dvSp(oiro<; ov^ vtto-
TTTrjaacov, to Be irapidTdfievov eXevOepw^ Xeywv,
/jiefJLvyjaeTac S' ovv puKpov vaTepov tov ôXcovo^,
oTav avTov Berj dXovTa eirl Trjv irvpav viro tov
K.vpov dvaÔrjvar rjKovaa yap tt;? KXwôO?
7rp(p7)v dvayLVcoaKOva7)<; to, €Kd(TT(p eirtKeKXa)-
(Tfieva, ev koI TUVTa eyeypairTO, K^poLcrov fiev
ol<;
dXoivai VTTO J^vpov, K.vpov Be avTOV vir eKcivrjal

Trj<; MaaaayeTcBof; dirodavelv. 6pa<^ Tr)v ^KvOiBa,
T7]v eirl TOV Xttttov tovtov tov XevKov eêXavvov-
aav;
XAPHN
N;? Ala.
EPMH5
koX ttjv Ke(l>aX'^v ye diro-
T6/jLvpL(; eKeivrj ea-Ti,
T€/jLov(Ta TOV Kvpov €9 da/cbv ifiâXet
avT7]
irXrjpr] aipâTO^. opd<^ Be Kal tov vlov avTov tov
veavicTKov; KâfijSvarjf; €K€tv6<; eaTiv ovto^ âaL-
Xevaei jxeTa tov naTepa Kal /juvpia a-</)a\et9 ev
424
SOLON
He will have no need of iron either, not he!
Whether you offer bronze or gold, your offering will
be a boon and a blessing to others than he to the —
Phocians or the Boeotians or the Delphians them-
selves, or else to some tyrant or freebooter but the ;
god takes little interest in your gold-work.
CROESUS
You are always at war with my wealth and
begrudge me it.
HERMES
The Lydian cannot abide the outspokenness and
the truthfulness of his words, Charon ; it seems
strange to him when a poor man does not cringe but
says frankly whatever occurs to him. But he will
remember Solon before long, when he has to be cap-
tured and put on the pyre by Cyrus. The other day
I heard Clotho reading out the fate that had been
spun for everyone, and among other things it had
been recorded there that Croesus was to be captured
by Cyrus, and that Cyrus was to })e slain by yonder
woman of the Massagetae. Do you see her, the
Scythian woman riding the white horse ?
CHARON
Indeed I do.
HERMES
That is Tomyris and after she has cut off Cyrus'
;
head she will plunge it into a wine-skin full of

blood. And do you see his son, the young man ?
That is Cambyses he will be king after his father,
;
and when he has had no end of ill-luck in Libya and

425
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
T6 At^vr) Kal AWcoTTia to reXevratov fjuavti^ airo-
OavelraL airoKreiva^; rov^ Kinv.
XAPHN
fl TToXXoO <ye\(OT0<;. aXXa vvv Tt9 av avTov<;
Trpoa^Xeyfretev ovtco(; virepcj) povovvra^; tmv aXkcov;
Tj Ti9 av TTLarevcreiev co? jjuer oXiyov ovto<; fiev
aL')(/jLd\o)TO'; earai, ovto^ he rrjv K€(f)a\r)v eêt iv
14 aaKW ai/jLaro^;; eKelvo<^ he rt? eaTiv, c5 'Fjpfjirj, 6
Tr)v '7Top(f)vpdv eêarpiha eixireiropirrjixevo'^f 6 to
BLaSrjfjLa, S tov SaKTvXiov 6 fidyeipoî dvaBlBcocrt
Tov I'xOvv dvaTefMcov,
vyjcTG) iv dfiîpuTrj; â(TcXev<i Si tl<; ev')(eTaL elvai,
EPMH2
E5
76 irapcphel^, o) X.dp(ov. dXXd UoXv/cpaTTjv
opa^ TOV âjjiiwv Tvpavvov TravevSaifiova rjyov-
fievov elvau' aTap koI ovtc^ avTO<^ vtto tov irape-
(7TWT09 oLKeTOv M.acavSpiov TrpoBoOeU ÔpOLTrj tm
aaTpdirr) avaa/coXoTrtadTjaerai, d6Xio<; ^ eKireaoov
Trj<; €vSai/JLovia<; ev d/capec tov ')(^povov' koI TavTa
yap T^9 KXwdov^; eirrjKovaa.
XAPHN
KXcoOov^ yevviKri<^' Kale^ avTOv<;, w
^Kyafiai
êXTiaTTj, Kal ra? fce(f)aXd<^ diroTefive Kal dva-
aKoXoTTiê, ft)? elScjaiv dvOpcoiroc ovTe<;' ev to-
aovT(p he eiraipeadaiv ft)? av dcp^ vyfri^XoTepov
dXyeivoTepov KaTaTreaov/nevoL. eyco he yeXdaofjuai
T0T6 yvo) pLcra<; avTcov efcaaTOV yvfivov ev tm
aKa(f)chia) firjTe ttjv iropcfyvptha pbrjTe Ttdpav t)
kXlvtjv '^(^pvarjv KOfjLLôvTa<;.
1 ad\ios Herwerden : &d\ios MSS.

Koic Struve
2 : koI MSS. Fritzsche reads &yafj.ai K\q}9ovs'
•yevuiKws Koie.
426
Ethiopia he will at last go mad and die in consequence
of slaying Apis.
CHARON
How very funny ! But now who would dare to
look at them, so disdainful are they of the rest of
the world ? And who could believe that after a
little the one will be a prisoner and the other will
have his head in a sack of blood ? But who is that
man, Hermes, with the purple mantle about him, the
one with the crown, to whom the cook, who has just
cut open the fish, is giving the ring,
" All in a sea-girt island ; a king he would have us
believe him " ^ ?
HERMES
You are good at parody, Charon. The man whom
you see is Polycrates, the tyrant of Samos, who
considers himself wholly fortunate yet the servant ;
who stands at his elbow, Maeandrius, will betray him

into the hands of the satrap Oroetes, and he will
be crucified, poor man, after losing his good fortune
in a moment's time. This, too, I heard from Clotho.
CHARON
Well done, Clotho, noble lady that you are !
Burn them, gracious lady, cut off their heads and

crucify them, so that they may know they are
human. Inthe meantime let them be exalted,
only to have a sorrier fall from a higher place. For
my part I shall laugh when I recognize them aboard
my skiff, stripped to the skin, taking with them
neither purple mantle nor tiara nor throne of gold.
* Another allusion to a story in Herodotus (3, 39-43).
The verse is composed of the beginning of Odyssey 1, 50
and the end of Odyssey 1, 180.
427
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
15 Kal tovtcov cjBe eêi.
TO, fiev rrjv Be irXrjdvv
6pa<;, 0) ^dpcov, tou? TrXeovra^ avrcjv, tov<; iroXe-
/jLOvvTa<;, Tov<; Bifcaôfievovf;, tov<; yecopyovvra^,
Tovf; Sav€Lôvra<;, tov<; irpocraLTovvra^;
XAPHN
'Opo) TTOiKtXrjv Tiva ri^v Siarpi^rjv Kal fxearov
rapa')(i]<s tov ^lov koX Ta<; TroXet? ye avrcov
eoLKvia^ rot? o-pbrjveaiv, iv ol<; aira^ fiev i'Biov n
Kevrpov €%€t Kol TOV TrXrjcnov Kevrel, oXiyoi Be
TLve<^ coairep (T(f)r)Keavov<; ovto<; 6')(\o<; rlve^; elaiv;
EPMH2
'EX-TTtSe?, w Belpara Kal dyvoiat
^dpcov, Kal
Kal 7)Boval Kal ^Ckapyvpiai koX opyal Kal fiiar] Kal
ra Tocavra. tovtcov Be y dyvoia [xev KaTO) crvvava-
fie/jLLKTat avTOL^ Kal crv/jLTroXiTeveTaiy Kal vrj Ata
Kal TO yLtfccro9 Kal opyrj Kal ^rjXoTVTrta Kal dfiaOia
Kal diTopia Kal (piXapyvpia, 6 (^6l3o^ Be Kal at
eXTTiBe^ vTrepdvco ireTOfxevoL o fiev €/jL7ri7rT(ov €K-
irX'^TTei eviOTe Kal viroTTTrjo-o-eiv al 8*
iroiel,
eXTTtSe? virep Ke<âXri<; alcopov/jLevai, oiroTav
/jLoXLaTa oiTjTat rt? eiTLXr)y\rea9ai avTcov, dvairTu-
fievac ot')(OVTaL Ke')(rjvoTa^ avTOv^ dTroXLTTovcrac,
OTrep Kal tov ^dvTaXov KdTco 7rda')(ôvTa 6pa<; vtto
IG TOV i/Saro?. rjv Be dTeviarj^, KaToyjreL Kal Ta<;
yioipa^ dvco eTTLKXwOovcra^ eKaaTw tov aTpaKTOv,

dcj)^ ov TjpTrjcrOaL o-vfijSe/STjKev d7ravTa<; ck XeTTTcav
vrjfjLaTCOv. opa<; KaOdirep dpd')(yid Tiva KaTa-

jSaivovra ecf)* eKaaTOV diro tmv aTpaKTCov;
428
HERMES
That is the way their lives will end. But do you
see the masses, Charon, the men voyaging, fighting,
litigating, farming, lending money, and begging ?
CHARON
I see that their activities are varied and their life
full of turmoil ;
yes, and their cities resemble hives,
in which everyone has a sting of his own and stings
his neighbour, while some few, like wasps, harry
and plunder the meaner sort. But what is that
crowd of shapes that flies about them unseen ?
HERMES
Hope, Fear, Ignorance, Pleasure, Covetousness,
Anger, Hatred and their like. Of these, Ignorance
mingles with them down below and shares their
common life, and so do Hatred, Anger, Jealousy,
Stupidity, Doubt, and Covetousness but Fear and ;
Hope hover up above, and Fear, swooping down

from time to time, terrifies them and makes them
cringe, while Hope, hanging overhead, flies up and
is off when they are most confident of grasping her,
leaving them mouths open,

in the lurch with their
exactly as you have seen Tantalus served by the
water down below. If you look close, you will also
see the Fates up above, drawing off each man's
thread from the spindle to which, as it happens, one
and all are attached by slender threads. Do you see
cobwebs, if I may call them so, coming down to each
man from the spindles ?
429
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XAPHN
Ôpcj TTcivv \eiTTOv 6X0,(770) vfjfia, e7n7r€7r\6Jfl6-
vov fye TO, TVoWd, tovto fxev i/c€LV(p, eKelvo he
aWct).
EPMH2
EtVoT&)9, S) iTopOfxev' eifjiapTaL 'yap eKelvo) fiev
VTTO TOVTOV (ôvevOrjvaL, tovtw he vtt aWov, fcal
K\r]povofjLr]crai ye rovrov fiev eKeivov, orov av rj
/jLLKporepov TO VTjfjLa, eKeivov he av rovrov roiovhe
yap n rj eTriTrXoKT) hrjXol. ovv airo Xeirrov
opa<^ h
Kpefxajxevov^ airavra^' Kal ovro<i fiev dvacnraadel^;
dvco fierecopof; earc Kal fxerd fiiKpov fcaraTreaoyv,
diToppayevro^ rod Xivov errethdv jJbrjKert avri'^rj
7rpo<; ro l3dpo<;, [xeyav rov 'ôcfyov epydaerai, ovro<;
he oXiyov diro 7^9 alo)povjjLevo<;, rjv Kal Treajj,
dyjrocprjrl Kelaerac,^ //.oXt? Kal TOt? yeirocnv eâKov-
(j6evro<s rov 7rrco/jiaro<i.
XApriN
JJayyeXoca ravra, cu Kpfjurj,
EPMH2
Jvat fMTjv ovo enreiv e)(^0L<; av Kara rr)v aîav
OTTO)?earl KarayiXaara, m ^dpcov, Kal fidXiara
al dyav cnrovhal avrcov Kal ro fiera^v rwv eXirL-
ho)v oX')(eadai dvapirdcrrov^ yivop,evov<; viro rov
fieXriarov Savdrov. dyyeXot he Kal virrjperaL
avrov fidXa ttoXXol, ctx? opa<^, rjiriaXoi Kal rrvperol
Kal (f)66ai Kal TrepLirXevfiovLai Kal ^[cp')] Kal Xrj-
anjpca Kal Kcoveta Kal hiKaaral Kal rvpavror
Kal rovrcov ovhev oXw? avrov<^ elaep')(eTai, ear av
ev Trpdrrcoaiv, orav he acfyaXcoat, iroXv ro orrorol
* irfffflrai Mehler, K. Schwartz.
430
CHARON
I see that each man
has a very slender thread, and
it is entangled in most cases, this one with that and
that with another.

HERMES
With good reason, ferryman ; it is fated for that
man to be killed by this man and this man by
another, and for this man to be heir to that one,
whose thread is shorter, and that man in turn to this
one. That is what the entanglement means. You
see, however, that they all hang by slender threads.
Furthermore, this man has been drawn up on high
and hangs in mid-air, and after a little while, when
the filament, no longer strong enough to hold his
weight, breaks and he falls to earth, he will make
a great noise but this other, who is lifted but
;
little above the gi'ound, will come down, if at all, so

noiselessly that even his neighbours will hardly hear
his fall.
CHARON
All this is very funny, Hennes.
HERMES
Indeed, you cannot find words to tell how ridi-
culous it is, Charon, especially their inordinate am-
bition and the way in which they disappear from
the scene in the midst of their hopes, carried off
by our good friend Death. His messengers and
servants are very many, as you see —
chills, fevers,
wasting sicknesses, inflammations of the lungs,
swords, pirate vessels, bowls of hemlock, judges, and
tyrants and no thought of any of these occurs to
;
them while they are prosperous, but w^hen they

come to grief, many are the cries of "Oh!" and
431
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
KoX aval Kal otfioi. ef a/)%^9 ivevoovv
el Be €vdv<;
on OvrjToi re elaiv avrol koI oXiyov tovtov ')(^p6vov

i7nBr)/jL/)(Tavre<; tw î(p ainaaLv coaTrep i^ oveipa-
T0<; Trdvra vwep y7]<; a(j>€VTe(;, e^cov re av aw^pove-
fTTcpov Kol TjTTOv yviMVTO d7ro6avovT€<;' vvv he €t9
del eXiriaavTe^ ')(^pr}aecr6aL rot? irapovaiv, eTreiSdv

eTTLardî 6 V7rrjpeTr]<; Kokfj Kal dirdyy TreByaaf; Ta>
TTvpero) rj rfj (fyOoy, dyavaKTOvac Trpo? ttjv dycoyrjv

ovTTOTe 7rpo(T8oK7](TavTe<; diroaTTaaOrjaecrOaL av-
T(OV. rj TL yap ovk dv iroirjaeLev eKelvo<; o Trfv
OLKLav airovhfi olKoZopiovfievo^; Kal tov9 epydra^
eirio-'irep'x^cov, el /idOoc on rj fiev eêc TeXo9 avrat,
6 Be dpTi eTTiOelf; top 6po(f>ov aTreiai rcu K\r)pov6fi(£i
KaraXiTTCDV diroKaveiv avrrj<;, avr6<; firjSe Beiirpij-
<Ta<; dO\to<; ^ ev avrf}; eKelvo^ fiev yap 6 ')(aipoyv

OTL dppeva iralBa reroKev avTw r) yvvr), Kal tov<;
<f)[\ov<; Bed TOVTO eaTLwv Kal rovvofxa tov Trarpo?
TiOejJievo^y el rjiriaTaro q)<; eTTTer?;? yevofxevof; o
7rat9 TeOvrjêraiy dpa dv aoL BoKel ')(aipei,v eV*
avTa> yevvco/jLevo); dWd to aLTiov, otl tov fiev
evTV')(ovvTa enrl t5> iraiBl eKelvov opa tov tov ddXrj-
Tov iraTepa tov ÔXvpuria veviKrjKOTOfi, tov yeiTova
Be TOV €KKo/jLiôvTa TO TTaiBiov ov^ opa ovBe olBev
d<p* OLaî avTcp KpoKr]^; eKpepbaTO. tov<; fiev yap
Trepl TOiv 6pa)v BLa<êpofievov<^ 6pa<;, oaoL elai, Kal
T0v<i avvayeipovTa^ Ta ^(^prjpaTa, eiTa, irplv aTTO-
1 S,0\ios Herwerden : &d\ios MSS.

432
^

" Ah !
" and " O
dear me " If they had realized
!
at the very beginning that they were mortal, and

that after this brief sojourn in the world they
would go away as from a dream, taking leave of
everything above ground, they would live more
sanely and would be less unhappy after death.
But as it is, they have imagined that what they
have now will be theirs forever, and so, when the
servant, standing at their bedside, summons them
and hales them off in the bonds of fever or con-
sumption, they make a great to-do about it, for they
never expected to be torn away from their gear. For
example, that man who is busily building himself a
house and driving the workmen on what would not
;
he do if he knew that although the house will be

finished, as soon as he gets the roof on, he himself will
depart and leave his heir the enjoyment of it with-
out even dining in it, poor fellow ? And as for the
man over there, who rejoices because his wife has
borne him a son and entertains his friends in
honour of the occasion and gives the boy his
father's name, if he knew that the boy will die at the
age of seven, do you think he would rejoice over
his birth.-* No, it is because he sees yonder man
who is fortunate in his son, the father of the athlete
who has been victor at the Olympic games, but
does not see his next door neighbour, who is burying
his son, and does not know what manner of thread
his own son has been attached to. Again, take
—
those who quarrel about boundaries you see how
numerous they are likewise those who heap up
;
* Most of the dead are unhapp}', as Hermes and Charon
well know. See the Doionward Journey, and even Homer's

Achilles {Odyssey 11, 488).
433
VOL. II F F
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
\avaai avrcov, Ka\ov/jL6vov<; v(f)' o)v elirov rcov
ayyekcov re kov viTrjpeTOiv.
XAPHN
13 'OpM ravra irdvTa koI tt/jo? ifiavrov ye ivvoco
6 Ti TO rjSv avTOL<; irapa rov ^lov rj ri eKelvo iartv,
ov arepov/jievoL ayavaKTovaiv. rjv yovv tov<; /Sacn-

Xea? avTOiV tS-p ri^;, oiirep evâtfJioveaTaTOL elvai
SoKOvcTLV, €^0) Tov dêj3aiov 00? 0779 fcal ^ d/xcpL-
ôXov T?}? '^^X^9> irKeio) royv rjêcov rd dviapd
evpr)<jeL irpoaovra avrol^;, (j)6ffov<; /cal rapa^d^;
KOI fjLi(T7j KoX eViySouXa? Kai 6pyd<; koL KoXaKeia^'
TovTOi^ ydp diravTe^ avveiaiv. ico TrevOrj koI
vocrov^ Koi irdOrj i^ lcroTi/iiLa<i SrjXaSr} dp')(pvTa

avTCJV OTTOV 8e rd tovtcov Trovrfpd, Xoyiêadai
Katpo<; ola rd rwv ISicorayv dv eur).
19 'EêXft) 3' ovv croL, o) Kpfii], elirelv, mtlvl ioLKevai
fjLOL eSoâv 01 dvOpcoiroi Kai o ySto9 dira^ avrcov.
rjhr) TTore 7T0/ji<j)6\vya<; ev vSart idedaco viro Kpovvw
TLVL KarapaTTOvTi dviara/jieva^;; Td<; (f)vaaWLSa<i

Xeyco, d(f)' ojv avvayeiperai 6 dippo^' i/ceivcov toivvv
TLve^ jmev jxiKpai eiai Kai avTLfca eKpayelaai dire-
a/3r]aav, al K eirl irXeov hiapKovcri' /cat 7r/30cr^«-
povcroov avTat<; dXXcov avrac VTrep^vcroipievai
Tciiv
€9 pLeyidTov oyKov aXpovrai, eVetra \xkvTOi KaKelvai

irdvTWi eêppdyijadv irore' ov yap olov re dXXa)<;
yeveadat. tovto iariv o dv6 pooirov ^lo<;' d7ravTe<i
viro 7rv6vp.aro(; 6fi7r6(f)vcrr)p.€voi ol jjiev /jL€i,ôv<;, ol
he iXdrrovf;' /cal ol [xev 6XLyo')(^povLov e')(pvcn Kai
odKvpiopov TO (pvarj/jia, oi he d/jba tw crvaTrjvai
eiravaavTO' irdai 3' ovv diroppayrfvaL dvayKalov,
its <f>îs Ka\ Fritzsche : kuI us <pi}s MSS
434
money and then, before enjoying it, receive a
summons from the messengers and servants that I
mentioned.
CHARON
I see all this, and am wondering what pleasure
they find in life and what it is that they are dis-
tressed to lose. For example, if one considers their
kings, who are counted most happy, quite apart from
the instability and uncertainty of their fortune
which you allude to, one will find that the pleasures
which they have are fewer than the pains, for terrors,
alarums, enmities, plots, rage, and flattery are with
them always. 1 say nothing of sorrows, diseases,
and misadventures, which of course dominate them
without partiality but when their lot is hard, one is
;
driven to conjecture what the lot of common men

must be.
Let me tell you, Hermes, what I think men and
tfie whole life of man resemble. You have noticed
bubbles in water, caused by a streamlet plashing
down — I mean those that mass to make foam .'*
Some of them, being small, burst and are gone in an

instant, while some last longer and as others join
them, become swollen and grow to exceeding great
compass but afterwards they also burst without fail
;
in time, for it cannot be otherwise. Such is the life

of men ;they are all swollen with wind, some to
greater size, others to less and with some the
;
swelling is short-lived and swift-fated, while with

others it is over as soon as it comes into being but ;
in any case they all must burst.
435
F F 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH5
OvSev ')(êlpov av rov 'Ofirjpov eXicaaa^^ w Xa-
ptdVy 09 (f)vWoL(; TO <yevo<i avrcov ofioiol.
XAPHN
20 Kat Toiovrot 6vt€<;, w
opa^ ola iroiovat
Kpfit],
fcal ft)9 cf)LXoTtjbLOvvTac 7rpo<s oXXtJXov; dp^cov irepc
Koi TtfiMV KOI KTrjaewv apbiSXoDfjLevoi, airep airavTa
KaTa\L7r6vTa<; avTOuî Seijaet eva oôXov €')(pvTa<i
rjKeiv irap r)fid<;. ôv\ei ovv, eTTeLirep icj) vyjrrfkov
iafiev, dva/3o7](Ta<; 7ra/jL/jLeye06<; irapaiveao) avrolf}
dire'xeaOaL fjuev tmv fiaraicov irovcov, ^rjv Be del
TOP Odvarov irpo oÔaXfJLCdv eôvraf;, Xeyfov, ***I1
fxaraiOLy tl eo-irovhaKaTe irepl ravra; iravaaaOe
fcd/j,vovTe<i' ov yap et? del îoocreaOe' ovBev roiu
evravOa dthiov iariv, ouS* dv diraydyoL
ae/jLvcou
Ti9 avro)v TL (Tvv avTM diroOavcoVj dXk dvdyKT)
Tov fJLev yvfxvov ol')(êaOaiy rrfv OLKiav Be fcal rov
dypbv Kol TO ')(^pv(jiov del dWcov elvat fcal /xera-
^dWeiv Toi'9 ê<77roTa9." el TUVTa koI ra TOiavTa
e^ eTTTjKOOV €/jL^07]aac/jLi avTOi^, ovk dv ocet fieydXa
tov /Slov^
a)<j)€Xr)67]pai koI <TCO(j)pove(7T€pov(; dv
yeveaOai irapd ttoXv;
EPMH2
21 'n fiaKapie, ovk olaOa ottox; avTOv<; rj dyvoia
fcal 7] diraTr) BiaTeOeiKacFLv, (h<; /i^3* dv Tpviravto
eTL BLavoi')(6rjvai avrol^; Ta cjTa, ToaovTO) Kr]pa>
e^vaav avTa, olov irep 6 ÔSv(raev<; toi'9 eTalpovf;
eSpaae Seec Tfj<; êiprjvayv dKpoda-ecD^;. iroOev ovv
dv e/ceivot Svvr]Oecev dKovaai, rjv /cat av KeKpay(o<;
Biappay^^; oirep yap irap vplv t) \.7]Qr\ BvvaTai,
* irphs rhv filov Naber.
HERMES
Charon, your simile is every bit as good as Homer's,
who compares the race of man to leaves.^
CHARON
And although they are like that, Hermes, you see
what they do and how ambitious they are, vying
with each other for offices, honours, and possessions,
all of which they must leave behind them and come
down to us with but a single obol. As we are in a
high place, would you like me to call out in a great
voice and urge them to desist from their vain labours
and live always with death before their eyes, saying :
" Vain creatures, why have you set your hearts on

these things ? Cease toiling, for your lives will not
endure forever. Nothing that is in honour here
is eternal, nor can a man take anything with him
when he dies nay, it is inevitable that he depart
;
naked, and that his house and his land and his
money go first to one and then to another, changing
their owners." If I should call to them out of a
commanding place and say all this and more, do you
not think that they would be greatly assisted in life
and made saner by far ?
HERMES
My dear fellow, you do not know how Ignorance
and Error have served them. Even a drill could not
penetrate their ears now, because these dames have
stopped them with such quantities of wax, like
Odysseus, who did this to his comrades for fear that
they might hear the Sirens. How could they hear,
then, even if you should crack your lungs with
bawling? What lies in the power of Lethe down
1 Iliad 6, 146.
437
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
TovTo ivravOa rj dyvota ipydêrai. ttXtjv dWa
elalv avTOiv oXiyot ov irapaSeSeyfievoL rov Krjpov
€9 ra WTO., TTyoo? Ttp d\rj6eiav d7TOK\ivovT€^, o^v
8eSop«:ore9 e? tcl Trpdyfiara koX KareyvcoKore^; old
iaTLV.
XAPHN
OvKOvv eKeivoi^ yovv e/jb/Sorjaco/jbev,
EFMH2
UepCTTov Kol TOVTO, Xeyeiv 7rpo<; avTov<; a
laacTiv. opa<; otto)? aTrocnrdaavTe^; tcov ttoWcov
KaTayeXcbac tmv yiyvojxkvaiv /cal ov8a/ji7} ov8a/jLco<;
dpeaKOVTat avTol^, dWd SijXoi elat Spaa/jLov r)hri
/3ovX€VOVT€<; Trap* v/jid^; diro tov (3iov. kol yap koI
fiLGovvTai eXeyôz^re? avTwv ra? dfjuaOiai;.
XAPHN
Eu ye, w yevvdhar ttXtjv irdvv oXtyot elaiv, a)
'EpfMTJ.
EPMH2
^l/cavol Koi ovTOL. dXXa KaTicofiev ijSrj,
XAPHN
22 Ez^ 6Ti eiToOovv, o) E^pfir], elhevai, Kai fiot êiâ^
avTO ivTeXr) earj ttjv Trepajyijatv ireTroir^fjievof;, Td<;
diToOriica^ twv aco/uudTcov, Xva KaTopvTTOvai, Oed-

aaaOau.
EPMH2
^Yipia, 0) l^dpcov, koi tvjjlôv^; koX Td(f)ov<;
fcaXovcri, Ta ToiavTa. ttXtjv ra irpo tcjv iroXecov
CKelva Ta yo^fjiaTa opa<^ Kal Td<; aTrfXa's fcai irvpa-
eKelva jrdvTa veKpoho')(ela Kal aay/juaTO-
IJiiha<;:
<f>vXd/ccd iaTLV.
438
below done by Ignorance here. However, there
is
are a few of them who have not admitted the wax
into their ears, who are devoted to truth, who look
keenly into things and know them for what they
are.
CHARON
Then let us call to them at least.
HERMES
It would be superfluous to tell them what they
know. You see how they stand aloof from the
masses and laugh at what goes on they are not in
;
the least satisfied with it all, but are clearly planning

to make their escape from life to your own regions.
Indeed, they have reason, for they are disliked
because they expose the follies of man.
CHARON
Well done, staunch souls But they are very few,
!
Hermes.
HERMES
Even these are enough. But let us go down now.
CHARON
There is one thing more that I wanted to know
about, Hermes, and when you point it out to me you
will have done your full duty as guide it is to see
;
the places where they stow the bodies, where they

bury them, I mean.
HERMES
They call such places vaults, tombs and graves.
Do you see those heaps of earth and slabs of stone
and pyramids in front of the cities ? All those
are for the reception of corpses and the storage of
bodies.
439
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
XAPflN
Tl ovv eKelvoi (Trecâvovai tov<; \i0ov<} koI
')(^piov(7i fjivpay; ol 8e koL irvpav vrjaavre^; irpo rcov
Kol ôOpov Tiva opvâvre^ Kalovai re
')((t)ixdT(ov
ravrl ra TroXvTeXrj helirva koX eh ra opvy/juara

olvov Kol fjueXifcparov, &>? yovp eoKciaai, iyîovaiv;
EPMH2
OvK olha, 0) 7rop6/jL€V, tl ravra 7rpo<; tou? iv
'
AtSov ireTnarevKacn 8' ovv ra<; y]rv')(â<; dvaTre/ju-
7rofM€va<; KarayOev henrvelv /juev co9 olov re irepi-

irerofjievaf; rrjv Kvlaav fcal rov Kairvov, ttlvciv 8e
OLTTO rov ffoOpOU TO /JbeXlKpaTOV.
XAPnN
^Kfceivovt; en Trivetv rj eadieiv, cov ra Kpavia
^rjporara; Kanot yeXolo<; elfxi aol Xeycov ravra
oaTj/juepai Kardyovrt avrov<;. olaOa ovv el Bvvacvr*
dv en dveXOelv dira^ vTro')(doviOL yevofxevoi. eirel
roL KoX TrayyeXoia dv, m 'Epfjurj, e7raa')(pv, ovk
oXiya TTpdyfjbara e')((ov, el eSei fir} Kardyeiv fiovov
avrov<;, dXXd fcal av6i<; dvdyeiv mofjievov^. a)
/jLaratoi, rrj<; dvoia<;, ovk el86r€<; rjXLKOi^ opotf;

ScaKeKpirai ra vexpcov kol ra ^(ovrcov irpdyfiara
Ka\ ola ra irap rjfilv earc fcal ore
Karuav oficjf; o r arvjupos avrjp 09 r €XXa)(ê

rv/JLôv,
iv Be If) rcfjifj *lpo<; Kpelcov r ^ Ay a/iefivfov
Sepairrj 8* iao<; Sirc8o<; irah r^vKofioLo
440
CHARON
Why is then, that those people are putting
itj
garlands on the stones and anointing them with

perfume? There are others also who have built
pyres in front of the mounds and have dug trenches,
and now they are burning up those fine dinners and
pouring wine and mead, as far as one may judge,
into the ditches.
HERMES
I don't know what good these things are to men
in Hades, ferryman they are convinced, however,
;
that the souls, allowed to come up from below, get

their dinner as best they may by flitting about the
smoke and steam and drink the mead out of the
trench.
CHARON
What, they eat and drink, when their skulls are
dry as tinder ? But it is silly for me to tell that to
you, who bring them down below every day you ;
know whether they can come back to earth when

they have once gone under ground I should be in
!
a fine predicament, Hermes, and should have no end

of trouble if I were obliged not only to bring them
down but to bring them up to drink What folly, !
the idiots They do not know what an impassable

!
frontier divides the world of the dead from the

world of the living, and what it is like among us ;
that
" Death maketh mortals alike, be they buried or
lying unburied.
Equal is Irus the beggar in honour to King Aga-
memnon ;
Fair-haired Thetis' son is no better a man than

Thersites.
441
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
7rdvTe<^ 8' €l(j\v ofiax; veKvcov d/nevrjva fcdprjva,
yvfivoi T€ ^rjpoi re tear da<j)oS€\ov XetfiMva.
EPMH2
23 ÛpaKXeiî, &>? irdXvv rov ^'Oixrjpov iiravrXel^;.
aXk eTTeiirep rov
dvefivqaa'^, eOeXco croi Selâo
Tov 'A;\^tXXe&)9 rdipov. opa<; rov eirl rfj OaXdrrrj;
^lyecov jjuev eKeWev ean to TpcolKov dvTiKpv
he 6 Ato.? TeOainaL iv rco 'Potrelco.
XAPHN
Ov fieydXoL, m ^p/jltj, ol rdôi, Ta<; ir6\eL<; Be
ra? eVt(T?7/iou9 helôv [loi i]Sr), a<; xdrco ciKovofxev,
rr)v Nlvov ttjv XapSavaTrdWov real â^vXcova
fcal M.VK7]va<; koL KXewzâ? koX rrjv "IXiov avrrjv'
TToWov^ youv /le/jLvrjfiac hiairopO fjuevaa'^ eKeWev,
ct)? heKa oXcov ircov {jlt] vecoX/crjaac fjL7]8e hia^^vâi
TO aKacîhiOv,
EPMH5
'H Ntiô? fJLev, CO iropOfJLev, aTroXcoXev tjBtj koI
ovBe 'l')(yo<; en Xoiirov avTrj<;, ovS* av eliroL^; oirov
TTore rjv â/3vXoov Se aoi e/ceivr} iarlv rj
r\
evTrvpyo*;, rj rov fieyav TrepifioXov, ov fiera ttoXv

KOL avrrj I^TjrrjOijcrofievri waiTep ?; Ntyo9' ÎvKrjva^
8e fcal K.X€Ci)vd<; aia')(vvo/xai Belâi, aoi, koL fid-
Xiara to "IXlov. diT07rvL^€L<; yap ev oIS' ore rov
'0/jL7]pov KaTeXOcov iirl TJ} fxeyaXriyopia tcov eircov.
irXrjv dXXd irdXat fJiev rjaav evhaifiove<;, vvv 8e
TedvacTi KoX avTar diroOvrjaKovai ydp, co iropO-
/JL€V, KoX 7r6X€i<; coairep dvOpcoTroL, fcal to rrapa-
442
CHAROiNT, OR THE INSPECTORS
Aye, they are all of them nothmg but
skeleton
relics of dead men.
Bare, dry bones that are scattered
about in the
asphodel meadow." i
HERMES
Heracles ! What a lot of Homer you are balino-
out!
Now you have put me in mind of him, I wan^t
to show you the tomb of Achilles.
Do you see it
there by the seaside ? Sigeum in Troy
is over there'
and opposite to it Ajax lies buried on Rhoeteum.
CHARON
The tombs are not large, Hermes. But now show
me the promment cities that we hear of down below
Nineveh, the city of Sardanapalus, Babylon,
Mycenae'
Cleonae, and Troy itself; I remember
that I set a
great many from that place across the ferry,
so that
for ten whole years I couldn't dock
my boat or dry-^
her out.
HERMES
As forNineveh, ferryman, it is already gone
and
there is not a trace of it left now you
couldn't even
;
say where it was. But there vou have Babylon the

city of the beautiful towers and the
great wall, which
will Itself soon have to be searched
for like Nineveh
I am ashamed to show you
Mycenae and Cleonae
and Troy above all for I know right well
;
that when
you go down you will throttle Homer for
the boast-
fulness of his poems. Yet they were
once flourishing
though now they too are dead cities die; as well as
men, ferryman, and, what is more, even whole
rivers.
o4irio:52rnr53": tt^ "^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^'^^ ^' ^^^-^-^^ ^
443
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Soôrarov, Kal TroTafiol oXor ^\vd')(pv yovv ovSe
Td(l)0<i €Ti iv "Apyei KaraXeLTrerat.
XAPHN
TlaTTal TMV eiraivoiv, "Ofiype, Kal rcov ovofid-
Tcov, "iXto? Ipr) Kol evpvdyvLa koI evfCTL/ievac
24 KXewpaL dXXd /juera^v Xoycov, rtVe? ifceivoi elaiv
ol 7roXejjLOVVTe<; t) virep tlvo^ dXXi]Xov<; cfyovevou-
cnv;
EPMH2
Apyeiov<; opa^, m ^dpcov, kol Aa/c€8aL/jLoviov<;
^
Kal Tov rjfiidvijra eKelvov crTpaTTjyov ÔOpvdSav

Tov iiTLypdcpovTa ro Tpoiraiov tm avrov a'tpari.^
XAPnN
'T7re/3 TLVo<; 8* avroif;, w l^pfirj, o ttoXg/xo?;
EPMH2
"Tirep TOV ireSiov avrov, iv m /xaôi/rat.
XAPHN
*fl T?79 dvoia^, oi ye ovk Xaaaiv on, Kav oXi-jv
rr)v HeXoTTOVvrjaov 6KaaT0<; avrcov KTrjcrcovraiy
p,6yi^ tiv TTohialov Xd/3oi6P tottov irapa tov
AlaKov' TO he irehiov tovto dXXoTe dXXoL yeMpyrj-
(Tovat, 7roXXdKi<; iic ^d6p(ov to Tpoiraiov dvaaird-
aavT€<; tw dpoTpco.
EPMH5
OvT(o fxev TavTa ecTTar r]p,et<; Be KaTa/3dvT€<;
ijSr] Kal Kara ')(û)pav evOeTTjcravre^^ avOi<; tcl oprj
diraXXaTTOo/jLeOa, €7cb p,ev Kad^ a eaTdXrjv, av he
1 at/ittTt M : ov6îari. other MSS.

444
In fact, even the grave of Inachus no longer survives
in Argos.
CHARON
That your praises. Homer, and your adjectives
for
— "hallowed/' " wide-wayed " Troy and "well-
built" Cleonae But while we are talking, who are
I
those people at war yonder, and why are they killing

each other ?
HERMES
You are looking at the Argives and Spartans,
Charon, and over there is the dying general Othry-
adas, the one who is writing on the trophy in his
own blood. 1
CHARON
What is their war about, Hermes ?
HERMES
About the very plain inwhich they are fighting.
CHARON
What folly ! They do not know"
that even if any
one of them should
acquire the whole Peloponnese,
he could hardly get Aeacus to give him a foot of
space. And as for this plain, it will be tilled by one
race after another, and many a time they will turn
the trophy up out of the depths with the plough.
HERMES
True. But now let's get down and replace the
mountains, and then go our ways, I on my errand
* Three hundred Spartans fought an equal number of
Argives for the possession of Thyreatis. Two Argives and
a single dying Spartan survived the fight. The Argives
hastened home to report their victory but the Spartan
;
managed to put up a trophy and write upon it a dedication

to Zeus in his own blood. Herod. 1, 82 I'lut. Moral. 306 b.
;
445
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eiTiTO 7TOpOfM6LOV 7]^CO Be (TOL /Coi UVTOî /jL€T
oXijov vcKpoaroXcov.
XAPHN
Eu ye e7roLrjaa<;, co Kp/jurj' evepyerr]^ el<; ael
avayeypd^lrrj, ayvcifirjv yap tc Slcl ae tt}? aTroSr]-
IJbia<s.
— oid ian ra rcov Ka/coBac/jLOPoyv avdpcoTrcov
irpdy/jLara — pacnXel^y ifkivOoL 'X^pvaal, eTTcrvfjL-
^la} fid')(âL' ^dp(ovo<; Be ovSet? A-0709.
^ iiTLTVjxîa AUinsOD : kKarSfifiai MSS.
446
!

and you to your ferry. I will follow you soon with a
convoy of dead.
CHARON
I am much obliged to you, Hermes you shall be
;
written down for ever as a benefactor. Thanks to

you, I have had some profit from my journey.
How
silly are the ways of unhappy
mankind, with their
kings, golden ingots, funeral 'rites and
battles— but
never a thought of Charon
447
PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE
This is not a sale of philosophers, nor yet, in anj' ordinary
sense, a sale of lives ; it is a sale of various types of the
philosophic life, which are to serve their buyers as models
for the shaping of their own careers. For a convenient
rendering, perhaps "philosophies" will do as well as any
other single word.
Although Lucian makes it perfectly plain that he is not
selling specific philosophers, some, not all, the manuscripts
if
and all the editors ascribe the words of the different types to
definite individuals, whereb}' they not only introduce con-
fusion into the dialogue (working special havoc in the case of
the Academic or Platonist type), but they completely stultify
the plea which Lucian puts forward in his own defence in the
Fisherman, urging that he had not criticized the leading
lights of philosophy, but only the common herd of pretended
philosophers. This plea is rather specious, it must be
admitted, for Lucian vivifies his types again and again with
biographical traits but we should leave him a leg to stand
;
on, and not make him sell Pythagoras, Chrysippus and the
rest in their own persons. Therefore I have substituted the
names of schools for the names of individual philosophers
throughout, but only in the English version for in the
:
Greek I have not ventiired to do this without commanding

fuller evidence from the manuscripts.
Diogenes was once taken by pirates and sold into slavery,
they say, and Menippus is known to have written a Sale, of
Diogenes. It may be that Lucian reo-d it and took a hint
from it he could not have taken more.
:
The order in which the different types are brought on is

very eflfective, as Helm points out, and well deserves attention
as one reads. Interesting too are the prices which they
bring.
VOL. 11. 6 O
;
BiriN nvAtit
ZET2
1 Xif fiev SiariOcL ra âdpa koX irapaaKevaê rov
Toirov Tot? d(f)Lfcvov/jievoL<;, av Se arrjaov e^fj'^ nrapa-
yaycov toi'9 I3lov<;, aWa fcoa/jujaa^; Trporepov, a)<;
evTTpocrcoiroi (âvovvrat /cal on TrXe/crToi;? iirdôv-

rai' av Se, co ^^pjirj, /crjpvrre fcal avyKoXei.
EPMH2 ^
^ Aya6fj TV')(r) tov<; oovrjrd^ ijSr) Trapetvai Trpo^; to

TTCoXrjTTjpLOV. dTTOKTjpvÔ/jLeV Sk /3tou? <pi\oao(f)OV<i
iravTO'i €lSov<^ /cal Trpoaipeaecov ttoiklXcov. el 8i
Tt9 TO irapavTiKa p,rj e^6i rdpyvptov KaraâXeaOaL,
et9 vecora ifcrlaeL Karaarrijcraf; iyyv7jT7]v.
ZET2"
IloWot avviacTiV' axrre y^prj pii] hiarplêLv fxrjhe
KaTe')(6Lv avT0v<;. TrcoXciypev ovv.
EPMH2
2 TtW TTpoyrov i6ekeL<; irapaydyaypi.ev
ZET5
lôvTovl rov KopLrjrrjv, rov ÎcoviKOV, iirel koI
a€/xv6<i Tt9 elvat (paiverat.
1 EPMH2. Du Soul, Fritzsche : no change of speaker in

MSS.
2 ZET2. TToWol . . . oSv Du Soul, Fritzsche : EPM. ttoAAo)
. . . avTovs. ZET2. ttwX(oij.€v ovu vulg.
ZEUS
(To an ATTENDANT.) You arrange the benches and
make the place ready for the men that are coming.
(7o another attendant.) You bring on the philoso-
phies and put them in line but first groom them up,
;
so that they will look well and will attract as many

as possible. (To hermes.) You, Hermes, be crier
and call them together.
HERMES
Under the blessing of Heaven, let the buyers
now appear at the sales-room. We shall put up for
sale philosophies of every type and all manner of
creeds ; anyone is unable to pay cash, he is to
and if
name a surety and pay next year.
ZEUS
Many are gathering, so we must avoid wasting
time and delaying them. Let us begin the sale,
then.
HERMES
Which do you want us to bring on first ?
ZEUS
This fellow with the long hair, the Ionian, for he
seems to be someone of distinction.
451
G G 2
THE WORKS OF I.UCIAN
EPMH2
OvTO? UvOayopiKO'i Kardfirjdi koI Trdpex^
o
aeavTov dvadecopeladac toZ? avveiXe^fxevoi^.
ZET2
l^rjpvTTe ^Tj.
EPMH5
ToV dpiO-TOV PIOV TOV ffeflVOTaTOV.
TT(o\0)y Tt?
oDPtja-erai; tI<; virep dvdpcoTTOV elvat ôvXerai; rt?

elhevat rrjv tov iravro^ dpfioviav Koi dva^ccovat
irdXiv;
ArOPA2TH2
To jJLev elBof; ovk dyevvi]<;. tl Se jxaXiaTa olSev;
EPMH2
ÂpLO/ir)TtKrjv, dcTTpovopbiav, repaTciav, yetofie-
Tplavy /jL0vaiK7jVy j07jT€iav. ixdvTiv uKpov ^Xe7ret9.
ArOPA2TH2
'Efeo"Tti^ avTOV dvaKpiveiv;
EPMH2
Âvd/cpLV€ dyaOfj rvxv-
ArOPA2TH2
XIoSaTTo? el (7v;
nT0AroPA2
XdjuLw;.
ArOPA2TH5
rioO Se €'rraLS€vOrj<;;
nT0AroPA2
'E;^ AlyviTTOi irapd to?9 e/cet ao<po7<Tt,
452
HERMES
You Pythagorean, come forward and let yourself
be looked over by the company.
ZEUS
Hawk him now.
HERMES
The noblest of philosophies for sale, the most
distinguished who'll buy ? Who wants to be more
;
than man ? Who wants to apprehend the music of

the spheres and to be born again ?
BUYER
For looks, he is not bad, but what does he know
best ?
HERMES
Arithmetic,astronomy, charlatanry, geometry,
music and quackery you see in him a first-class
;
soothsayer.
BUYER
May I question him ?
HERMES
Yes, and good luck to you !
BUYER
Where are you from ?
PYTHAGOREAN
From Samos.^
BUYER
Where were you educated ?
PYTHAGOREAN
In Egypt, with the sages there.
^ The birthplace of Pythagoras. Hence the " Pythagorean
philosophy " talks Ionic Greek,
453
;
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

ArOPA5TH2
^
êpe Be, r}v Trpiwfxai <t6, tI fi€ Bt^dêi;
nY0AroPA2
AiBdô/xat /JL6V ovBev, dvaixvqaw Be.
ArOPA2TH2
Hoo? dvafjbvrjaei^;
nT0AroPA5
KaOaprjv irporepov rrjv yjrv^rjv epyaadp.evo'; Koi
TOP eV avrfj pvirov eKKKvaa^.
ArOPA2TH2
Kal Bi] vofiiaov ijBrf €KK€KaOdpOat pe, rt? 6
Tp6'7TO<; Trj<; dvapivijcreox;
nT0AroPA2
To pev TrpojTOV r](TV')(iri p,aKpr} fcai dcficovirj Kai
wevre 6\wv irewv Xakeeiv pbrjBep.
ArOPASTHS
"flpa (TOi, 0) ^€Xti(tt€, tov J^poLaov iralBa irai-
Beveiv iyoo yap XaXo9, ovk di'Bpid<; eivai ôvKopai,
TL Be perd ttjv (JLwirrjv 6p,co<i koX ttjv irevraeTLav;
nT0AroPA2
ôvaovpylr) kol yewpLSTpirj evaaKfjaeat.
ArOPA2TH2
^dpi€v \eyei<;, el irpcorov /xe KiOapcpBov yevo-
pLevov Kara elvau ao<j)ov XPV-
nT0AroPA2
4 EZt' eVl TOVTeoKTLV dpiOpbiecv.
1 5i5a|et K. Schwartz : SiSdêis MS3.
454
BUYER
Come now, if I buy you, what will you teach me ?
PYTHAGOREAN
I shall teach thee nothing, but make thee remem-
ber.^
BUYER
How will you make me remember ?
PYTHAGOREAN
First by making thy soul pure and purging off the
filth upon it.
BUYER
Well, imagine that my purification is complete,
what will be your method of making me remember ?
PYTHAGOREAN
In the first place, long silence and speechlessness,
and for five entire years no word of talk.
BUYER
My good man, you had better teach the son of
Croesus ^ I want to be talkative, not a graven
!
image. However, what comes after the silence and

the five years ?
PYTHAGOREAN
Thou shalt be practised in music and geometry.
BUYER
That delightful
is ; I am to become a fiddler before
being wise I
PYTHAGOREAN
Then, in addition to this, in counting.
^ Before entering upon
its round of transmigrations, the
soulwas all-wise learning is merely remembering. Socrates
;
expounds this theory in Plato's Meno.

^ One of the sons of Croesus was mute Herod. 1. 34, 85. :
455
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ArOPA2TH5
OlSa KoX VVV apiO/jL€LV.
nT0AropA5
lift)? apiO fleets;
ArOPA2TH2
"Ez/, hvoy Tpua, T€TTapa.
nT0AroPA2
'Opa?; a crv hoKeeu^ riacrapa, ravra SeKa iorl
Kal rplycovov eVreXe? koI ri/jbirepov opKiov.
ArOPA2TH2
O^ TOV pL&^jlGTOV TOiVVV OpKOV TCL T6TTapa,
jia
ovTTore 6ei,OTepov<; X070U9 rjKovaa ovhe fidXXov
iepov<;,
nT0AroPA2
Mera he, c5 êlve, etcreai yrj^; re Trepc Kal r]epo<^
Kal vSaro<; Kal 7rupo<; rjri^ avreoiaiv 1) cf)op7] Kal

OKola iovra jxop^'qv 6k(o<; Kiveovrai.
ArOPA5TH5
op(p7]V yap e%€t ro irvp rj arjp rj vdcop;
nT0AroPA2
Kal fiaXa i/jLCJyavea' ov yap old re
(i/jLop(f)ir) Kal
kul iwl rovreoiai Se yvo)-

da'^Tjpoavvrj KiveeaOai.
aeai rov 6eov dpiOfMov eovra Kal voov Kal dp-
p,ovir}v.
ArOPA5TH2
@av/jLd(Tta \ey€i<;.
nT0AroPA2
IIyoo9 5e TolaSeac Tolacv elprjfievoicn, Kal aecovrbv
456
—

BUYER
I know how to count now.
PYTHAGOREAN
How dost thou count ?
BUYER
One, two, three, four
PYTHAGOREAN
Lo what thou thinkest four is ten. and a perfect
!
triangle, and our oath.^

BUYER
Well, by your greatest oath, by Four, I never
heard diviner doctrines or more esoteric.
PYTHAGOREAN
Thereafter, my
thou slialt learn of earth
friend,
and air and water and fire, what their flux is, and
what form they have and how they move.
BUYER
Why, has fire form, or air, or water ?
PYTHAGOREAN
Yea, very notably, for without shape and form
there can be no motion. And in addition thou
shalt learn that God is number and mind and
harmony.
BUYER
What you say is wonderful.
PYTHAGOREAN
And beside all that I have said, thou shalt learn
^ Four is ten, because it contains three, two and one, and 1
2 3 4 :=: 10. The perfect triangle is
457
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eva BoKeovTU aWov opeofievov /cal aWov eovra
elcreai.
ArOPA2TH2
Tt </)^?; dWo<; el/uii Kal ou^ outo? oairep vvv
irpo^ are SLaXeyofiai;
nT0AroPA2
Nw fiev 0UT09, TrdXac Be ev oXXm crcvfjuarL Kal iv
dW(p ovvofiari ecpavrdêo' ^povo) Be avri^; €9
dWov pêra^rjcreaL.
ArOPA2TH2
TovTO ^^9, dOdvarov eaeaOai /xe aWarro/jievov
6 €9 p.op(j)d<; irXelova^; aXka rdBe p.ev Ifcavcof;. rd 8'
d/ii(f)l Blairav owocof; tl<; ei;
nT0AroPA5
^Fj fjLyjrv^îJLov pêv ovBe ev acreopac, Ta Be dWa
Trkrjv Kvdp,(ov,
ArOPA5TH2
TtVo9 eve/ca; r) p^vadTrrj toi'9 Kvdpiov^;
nY0AroPA2
OifK, dWd Ipol elcTi Kal Ocovpâarr) avrewv 17
<f>v(n<;' TTpSiTov pev yap to irdv yovrj elai, Kal rjv
d'rroBv<7r}<; Kvap,ov en '^(Xcopov eovra, o-yjreat rolaiv
dvBpeloiai pLopioiaiv ip(p€pea rrjv (jyvyv k'^Ôevra

Be rjv d(f)y'i €9 ttjv aeXrjvaLT^v vv^l pbepLerprjpevrjaiVy
alpa 7roii]a€L<;. to Be p,eôv, ^ Kdrjvaloiat v6p.o<;
KvdpLOKTL Ta9 dp')(d'^ alpeeaOai.
458
that thou, who thinkest thyself a single individual,
art one person in semblance and another in reality.
BUYER
What's that ? I am another and not this man
who now talks to you !
PYTHAGOREAN
Now
thou art he, but erstwhile thou didst mani-
fest thyself in another body and under another name,
and in time thou shalt again migrate into another
person.
BUYER
You mean that I shall be immortal, changing into
many forms ? But enough of this. How do you
stand in the matter of diet ?
PYTHAGOREAN
I eat nothing at all that hath life, but all else save
beans.
BUYER
Why so ? Do you dislike beans ?
PYTHAGOREAN
Nay, but they are holy, and wonderful is their
nature. First, they are nought but seed of man, and
if thou open a bean while it is still green, thou wilt
see that it resembleth in structure the member of a
man and again, if thou cook it and set it in the
;
light of the moon for a fixed number of nights, thow

wilt make blood. But more than this, the
Athenians are wont to choose their magistrates with
beans. ^
^ The
offices were filled by lot, and beans were used for
lots. This appears to be Lucian's own contribution to the
Pythagorean mysticism, but the other particulars are not
very remote from the actual teachings of the Neo-Pythago-
reans. Cf. Porphyr. Vit. Pythag., 44.
459
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ArOPA2TH2
Ka\ft)9 Trdvra ecprjf; koI lepoirpeTT (*)<;. aWa airo-
SvOi, KoX yv/jLvbv yap ere IBelv PovKojiat. m 'Hpa-
k\€i<;, '^pvcrov^ avrw 6 fxr^po^; icTTC. ^€09, ov fipor6<;
Tt9 etvai (paiverai' (oare mvâofiat, Trdvrco^; avrov.
iroaov TOVTOV dTroKrjpvrrec^;;
EPMH2
ArOPA5TH2
"E^ft) ToaovTov \aj3(i)v.
Tpdcjie Tov ot)vr](TajuL€vov rovvofia /cat oOev iarlv.
EPMH2
'lT<xXfca)T7;9, (o ZeO, SoKec tmv dficfyl
ri'^ eivai
K^poTfova KoX Tdpavra koX ttjv ravry 'KXXdBa'
KalroL oif^ €19, dWd TpiaKocTLOi aêBbv icovrjvTai,
fcara koivov avrov.
ZET5
^ Kirayerwaav dWov irapdywixev.
EPMH2
BouXe^ TOV av')(îJLO)vra eKelvov, rov Hovtikov;
ZET5
Udvv fiev ovv.
EPMH2
05x09 o TTjv TTrjpav i^ypTTjfiivo';, 6 i^(Ofxia<;, iXOe
460
BUYER
You have explained everything duly and sacerdo-
tally. Come, strip, for I want to see you unclothed.
Heracles His thigh is of gold
! He seems to be a
!
god and not a mortal, so I shall certainly buy him.

{To Hermes.) What price do you sell him for?
HERMES
Ten minas.
BUYER
I'll take him at that figure.
ZEUS
Write down the buyer's name and where he comes
from.
HERMES
He appears to be an Italian, Zeus, one of those
who live in the neighbourhood of Croton and
Tarentum and the Greek settlements in that
quarter of the world. But there is more than one
buyer about three hundred have bought him in
;
shares.^
ZEUS
Let them take him away ; let us bring on another.
HERMES
Do you want the dirty one over yonder, from the
2
Black Sea }
ZEUS
By all means.
HERMES
You there with the wallet slung about you, you
* A reference to
the brotherhood founded by Pythagoras in
Magna Grecia, which wielded great political power until it
was extirpated in a general revolt about fifty years after the
death of Pythagoras.
^
Diogenes, chief of the Cynics, came from Sinope.
461
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Kol irepUOi ev kvkKw to avveBpLov. îov avSptKov
TTCoXco, jBlov apicTTOV KoX 'êvviKov, îov eKevOepov
Ti^ oavrjaeTai;
ArOPA2TH2
'O KTJpv^ TTw? €(j)7](;av; TTcoXet? top iXevOepov;
EPMH2
"£70)76.
ArOPA2TH2
Elr* ov SeSta9 P'T] aoi Bi/cda7)TaL av^pairo^LO' fiov
rj Koi irpoKaXearjTai ae el<; Apecov irdyov;
'
EPMH2
Ovhev avTO) pLeKei T779 Trpdaecof;' olerac yap elvai
iravTOLTTaaLV e\ev6epo<^.
ArOPA5TH2
Tt K dv Tt9 avT(p ')(^prj(7aLT0 pvircoPTi koX ovtco
fcaKoSai/jLova)^; SiaK€L/i€vq); ttXtjv el firj aKairavea
ye Koi vhpo<ji6pov avrov diroheiKTeov.
EPMH2
Ov dX'kd /cat r)v Ovpcopov avrov eiTL'
fJLovov,
(TTr]ar](;, ttoXv ircaroTepq) XPV^V '^^^ kvvcjv.
afxeXei Kva>v avro) koX to ovofxa.
ArOPA2TH2
IIoSaTro? he ecTTLv rj Tuva tt^v daK7)aiv eiray-
yiWerai;
EPMH2
AvTov epov' KaWiov yap ovtoo Troielv.
ArOPA2TH2
AeSta TO aKvdpoDTTov avTOv fcal KaT7]ê<;, p.i]
fie vKaKTrjarj 7rpoae\66vTa 7) Kal vrj A [a huKr] ye.
ou^ opa^ 0)9 hirjpTaL to ^vXov Kal avveairaKe Ta9
462
with the sleeveless shirt, come and walk about the
room. I offer for sale a manly philosophy, a noble
philosophy, a free philosophy who'll buy ? ;
BUYER
Crier, what's that you say ? Are you selling
someone who is free ?
HERMES
That I am.
BUYER
Then you afraid he may have the law on
aren't
you for kidnapping or even summon you to the
Areopagus ?
HERMES
He doesn't mind being sold, for he thinks that
he is free anyhow.
BUYER
What use could a man make of him, filthy as he is,
and in such a wretched condition ? However, he
might be made a shoveller or a drawer of water.
HERMES
Not only that, but ifyou make him doorkeeper,
you will find him far more trusty than a dog. In
fact, he is even called a dog.^
BUYER
Where is he from, and what creed does he profess ?
HERMES
Ask the man himself ; it is better to do so.
BUYER
1 am hang-dog look he may
afraid of his sullen, ;
bark at me if I go near him, or even bite me, by

Zeus Don't you see how he has his cudgel poised
!
^ The name of the sect in Greek means doggish.
463
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
o(/)/9i;9 fcal aTreCkrjTiKOv tl koI %oX.a>S69 viro-
EPMH2
M^ BiScOr TiOaao<; yap eVrt.
ArOPA2TH2
8 To irpcjTOV, 0} êXTca-T€y TroSaTro? el;
AI0rENH2
TlavToSa7ro<;.
ArOPA2TH5
IIw? Xiyeif;;
AIOrENHS
ToO KOa/lOV TToXiTTjV opa<i.
ArOPA2TH5
Zr;Xot9 Se 8^ Tiva;
AI0rENH2
Toz^ 'H/oa/cXea.
ArOPA2TH5
Tt ow o^xt /cat XeovTTjv afxirexoi '^^ 1^^^ 7<^P
^vXov eoc/caî avTa>.
AIOrENHS
TouT^ ftoi XeovTrj, to rpi^coviov. crrpaTevoixaL
he wairep eKelvo<; eirl ra? rjSovd^, ov KeXevaro^,
aXkh €fcovaLO<;, eK/caOdpai rov filov Trpoaipovfievo^;.
ArOPA2TH5
Ei; ye tt?? TrpoaLpea-eco^;. aWa tl jiaXiaTa eu-
hevai (re (pojfiev; tj TLva ttjv rexvqv exî<i;
AIOrENHS
'EXeuêpwT??? elpa rcov avOp^Trcov kol larpcx;
TOiv iradoiv to Be o\ov uXrÔeia^ koI 7rapp7]aLa<i
irpoîjTt]^ elvai /SovXojJLai.
464
and his brows bent, and scowls in a
threatening
^'
angry way ?
HERMES
.
Don't be afraid ; he is ffentle.
BUYER
First of all, my friend, where are you from ?
CYNIC
Everywhere.
BUYER
What do you mean ?
CYNIC
You see in me a citizen of the world.
BUYER
Whom do you take for your pattern }
CYNIC
Heracles.
BUYER
Then why don't you wear a lion's skin ? For as
to the cudgel, you are like
him in that.
This
short cloak is my
lion-skin; and I am a
soldier like him, fighting
against pleasures, no con-
script but a volunteer,
purposing to make life clean.
BUYER
A fine purpose But what do you know
what
!
best,' and
is your business ?
CYNIC
I am a liberator of men and a
physician to their
Ills; m short I desire to be an
interpreter of truth
and free speech.
VOL. II.
465
H H
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ArOPA2TH2
9 EiV ye, (o 7rpo(f>rJTa' rju Be 7rpia)/jiai ae, Tiva fie
TOP TpOTTOV 8iaa/câec<;;
AI0rENH5
Tlpa)Tov fxev irapaXa^cov ae kol airohvaa'^ rrjv
rpv(p>]v Kol a/TTopia (JV<yKaTaK\eiora<^ rpi/Sooviov

TrepcâXcb, fxera he irovelv kol Kafivecv KaravayKa-
aco 'âfial KaOevhovra koX vScop irivovra koI ojv
erv')(ev efjLTTi/jLTrXd/xevov, ra he y^pijfiara, rjv ey^yî,
e/jLol 7reL66fievo(; et? rrjv OdXarrav (pepcov ifiâXfl'^,
yd/jLov Be d/j,eX7](Tet<; kol iraiBodv Koi TvaTpiBo^, real
iravra croc ravra \7]po<; ecrrai,, kol rrjv irarpwav

oliciav dTToXtTTobv rj rd(f)OV olKrjcreL^ rj irvpyiov
eprjjjbov rj koX ttlOov t) irrjpa Be croc depficov earai
/jLearr) kol oincrdoypdcfxDv î^Xlcov koX ovrco<;
e')(03v €vBaLfioveaTepo<; elvat- (^rjcrei^ tov fieydXov

Baa-cKeco^;. rjv /JUKTTcyol Be rt? rj arpe/3Xol, tovtcdv
ovBeP avLapov 't^yricrrj.
ArOPA2TH2
IIa)9 Tovro <f)r]<; to p^tj dXyelv fiaaTLyovpbevov; ov
yap ')(êX(ovr)<; rj Kapdôv to Bep/j,a Trepiê^Xij/xai.
AI0rENH2
To ^vpiiriBeiov eKelvo ^r]Xd)aeL<i jxiKpov ev-
aXXdâ^.
ArOPA2TH5
To TTolov;
400
;

BUYER
Very good, interpreter But if
! I buy you, what
course of training will you give me ?
CYNIC
First, after taking you in charge, stripping you of
vour luxury and shackling you to want, I will put a
short cloak on you. Next I will compel you to
undergo pains and hardships, sleeping on the ground,
drinking nothing but water and filling yourself with
any food that comes your way. As for your money,
in case you have any, if you follow my advice you
will throw it into the sea forthwith. You will take
no thought for marriage or children or native land :
all that will be sheer nonsense to you, and you will

leave the house of your fathers and make your home
in a tomb or a deserted tower or even a jar.^ Your
wallet will be full of lupines, and of papyrus rolls
written on both sides. Leading this life you
will say that you are happier than the Great King
and if anyone flogs you or twists you on the rack,
you will think that there is nothing painful in it.
BUYER
What do you mean by not feeling pain when I am
flogged } I am not enclosed in the carapace of a
turtle or a crab !
CYNIC
You will put in practice the saying of Euripides,
slightly revised.
BUYER
What saying ?
* As did Diogenes ; for his " tub " was really a jar.
.67
H H 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
AI0rENH5
H (f)p7]v (Toi aXyrjaei, rj Be yXaxraa avak-
ecTrai
10 y7jT0<;. a Se /jLaXtara Set Trpoaelvai, ravrd iarcv
ura/LLov ')(prj euai teal Opacrvv koI XoihopelcrOai
iraaiv k^rjq kol âcrtXevat koX lBia)Tat<;' ovro) yap
airo^Xe'ôvTai ae kol avBpetov vTroX'^yfrovrac.
l3dpâpo(; Se rj (pcovrj earco /cat aTTT^ê? to (j)6eyiuLa
KOL dre^vco^; o/jlolov kvvl, koI TrpoacoTrov Se evrera-

fievov Kol ^dSta/jua tolovtw TrpoacoTrco irpeirov, kol
6Xft)9 6r}pi,coSrj rd iravra koX dypta. alSci)<; Se Koi
eTTteLKeia koI fjbeTpi6T7j<; direo-rco, koi to epvOpidv
diTo^vcrov Tov irpoaooTTOv TravreXco^;. StcoKe Se rd
iroXvavO pMiroTara roiv ')((ji)piwv, kuI ev airol^;
TOUTOi? fJLOVO^ KOL dKOLV(i)VrjTO^ clvai 6eX6 IXT)
(îXov, /jLt) êvov irpoaLefievo^;' KaTdXv(7L<; yap rd

TOiavra r?}? dp)(7]<;. ev oyêi Se TrdvTcov, a /j.T]Se
ISia TTOLTjaeiev dv rt?, Oappcov iroieiy /cal rcov
d(j)poSiai(ov alpov rd yeXoiorepa, koI reXo?, 7]v aoi
SoKrj, TToXviroSa co/jlov fj arjirlav âyd>v diroOave,
ravTTjv aot. rtjv evSai>fioviav Trpoêvov/Jiev.
ArOPA2TH2
1 1 ^'Airaye' fxiapd ydp KaX ovk dvOpcoTTLva Xey€i<;.
AI0rENH5
*AX\a paard ye, w ovro<;, koI irdcriv ev-êprf
(lereXOelv ov ydp <jol Serjcrei TTaiSeia^ koX Xoycov
fcal Xrjpcdv, aXX' €7riTO/JLO<; avrr} croc 7rpb<; Soâv 7)
6S6<i' Kav ISiooTrj^; 179, ^TOt aKVToSe'^r]<; tj rapt,-
468
CYNIC
Your mind but your tongue will not.^
^îll suffer,
The traits that you should possess in particular are

these you should be impudent and bold, and should
:
abuse all and each, both kings and commoners, for

thus they will admire you and think you manly. Let
your language be barbarous, your voice discordant
and just like the barking of a dog let your ex- :
pression be set, and your gait consistent with your

expression. In a word, let ever}i;hing about you be
bestial and savage. Put off modesty, decency and
moderation, and wipe away blushes from your face
completely. Frequent the most crowded place, and
in those very places desire to be solitary and uncom-
municative, greeting nor friend nor stranger for to ;
do so is abdication of the empire.^ Do boldly in full

view of all what another would not do in secret ;
choose the most ridiculous ways of satisfvins: your

lust and at the last, if you like, eat a raw devilfish
;
or squid, and die.-^ That is the bliss we vouchsafe

you.
BUYER
Get out with you The ! life you talk of is
abominable and inhuman.
CYNIC
But at all events it is easy, man, and no trouble
for all to follow ; for you will not need education and
doctrine and drivel, but this road is a short cut to
fame. Even if you are an unlettered man, a tanner —
* IlippoL 612
^ 7Aw<ro"' ofiu/iox', V 5e (pp^v ayw/ioros. (My
:
tongue look oath my mind has taken none.)

;
^ Cynic and Stoic cant, meaning that a man cannot mingle
with his fellows freely and still be captain of his soul.

^ See Downward Journey, 7, and the note (p. 15).
469
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
'yôTTcoXrjf; rj refcrcov i) Tpa7r6îT7]<s, ovdev ae KdiXvaei
Oavfiaarou eivat, rjv /jlovov rj dvalSeia koI to
9pd(T0<i TTaprj Koi \oihopel<j6ai KoXoof; €K/JLd6rj<;.
ArOPA2TH2
IIpo9 ravra puev ov Seojuai aov. vavT7j<; B dv
I'aco^ rj K7)7rovpb<; iv Kaipfp yepow, /cal ravra,
rjv eOeXy ae dirohoaOai ovroal ro fjieyiorrov hv
EPMH2
"E%e \a^(iiv' Kal yap dafievot aTraWaô/jLeOa
evo')(\ovvro<; avrov Kal ôo3vro<^ Kal airavra^
drraârrXcx)^ v^pLlôvro'^ Kal dyopevovros KaKO)^,
ZET2
12 "AXKov koXgl rov l^vpyvalovy rov iv rfj irop-
(f)upLSL, rov €ar€(j)av(op.evov.
EPMH2
"A76
S?7, rrpoae'xe Trd^- TroXureXe? to X/07}/xa
Kal 7r\ovalo)V 8e6/JL€Vov. /3io<; ovro<; iiStarof;, ^to?
rpicTfiaKdpiaroî. Tt? eTnOvfiel rpv(j)r]<;; Tt? CDvelrai

rov d^porarov;
ArOPA2TH2
'EXê orv Kal Xeye drrep elBoy^; rvy)(dvei<;' oavi]-
(jofiai yap tre, rjv oiêXifio^ ^9.
EPMH2
M^
evoxXei avrov, fieXriare, firjBe dvaKpive*
o)
fieOvei ydp. Morre ovk dv dTroKpivairo aoi, rr]v

yXoorrav, &)? Oyoa9, BcoXicrddvoov,
470
—

or a fish-man or a carpenter or a money-changer
there will be nothing to hinder you from being
wondered at, if only you have impudence and bold
ness and learn how to abuse people properly.
BUYER
Ido not want you for any such purpose, but you
might do at a pinch for a boatman or a gardener, and
only then if my friend here is willing to sell you for
two obols at the outside.
HERMES
He's yours take him. We shall be glad to get
:
rid of him because he is anno}dng and loud-mouthed

and insults and abuses everybody without exception.
ZEUS
Call another; the Cyrenaic in the purple cloak,
with the wreath on his head.^
HERMES
Come now, attend, everyone Here we have
!
high-priced wares, wanting a rich buyer. Here you

are with the sweetest philosophy, the thrice-happy
philosophy Who hankers for high living
!
? Who'll
buy the height of luxury .^
BUYER
Come here and tell me what you know ; I will buy
you if you are of any use.
HERMES
Don't bother him, please, sir, and don't question
him, for he is drunk, and so can't answer you
because his tongue falters, as you observe.
^ The Cyrenaic school, which made
pleasure the highest
good, was founded by Aristippus, who furnished a detail or
two to this caricature.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ArOPA2TH2
Kal TK av 6v (fipovwv irpiaLTo hLecÔapfxevov
OVTO) Kol aKoXaarov avSpdiroSov; oaov Be koI
airoTTvel fxvpcov, &)? Se kol crcâXepov âSiêt koI
7rapci(j)opop. aWa kclv av 'ye, (o '^pfirj, Xeye
oiroca TTpoaeaTLV uvtm koI a pueTLcov Tvy^dvei.
EPMH2
To fjiev oXov, avfijSicovat Sefto? Kal avfiTrcelv
ifcavo^ Kal Kco/jLaaai, /xerd avXrjTplSo^ eTTLrrjheio^
epcovTL KOL dcrcoTW heaiTOTr]' rd dWa Be ttc/jl-
/jbdrcov eTTLaTij/jLcov /cal 6'\jro7roLo<; e/jL7reipoTaTO<;, Kal

oXa)9 ao(f)iaTij<; 'ijBviraOeia^. eiraiBevOr] fxev ovv
Â.6r}vr)cnv, iBovKevae Be Kal irepl ^tKeXiav TOt<;
TvpdvvoL<; Kal acfioSpa evBoKifiei irap avroL^. to

Be Ke(f)d\aiov t?}? Trpoatpedeco^, diravrcov Kuja-
(ppovelv, diraac ')(^prjadat,, iravTaxÔev epavlêaOai
T7]v rjBov^v.
ArOPA2TH2
"flpa aoL dWov Trepc/SXeireLV rcov TrXovalcov
TOVTCOV Kal TroXu^^/JT^yLtarajz^* eyoo fxev yap ovk
e7nTrjB€L0<; IXapov oiveladai îov.
EPMH2
"KirpaToî eoLKev rjfuv ovto^;, m Zev, fieveiv.
ZET2
13 l!A.erdcrTr)aov' dWov
rrapdye' fiaXkov Be rco
Bvo TOVTCD, Tov jeXcovTa Tov Â^BrjpoOeu Kal rov
KXdovra rov ef Ê(f)eaov' d[xa ydp avro) Treirpd-
aOai ôvXo/jLac.
472
BUYER
Who
that is in his senses would buy so corrupt and
lawless a slave ? How he reeks of myrrh^ and how
he staggers and reels in his gait But you yourself,
!
HermeSj might tell me what traits he has and what

his object in life is.
HERMES
In general, he is accommodating to live with, satis-
factory to drink with, and handy to accompany
an amorous and profligate master when he riots
about town with a flute-girl. Moreover, he is a
connoisseur in pastries and a highly expert cook in :
short, a Professor of Luxury. He was educated in

Athens, and entered service in Sicily, at the court of
the tyrants, with whom he enjoyed high favour.
The sum and substance of his creed is to despise
everything, make use of everything and cull pleasure
from every source.
BUYER
You had better look about for someone else, among
these rich and wealthy people for I can't afford to
;
buy a jolly life.

HERMES
It looks as if this fellow would be left on our
hands, Zeus.
ZEUS
Remove him
bring on another stay those two,
; — !
the one from Abdera who laughs and the one from
Ephesus who cries, for I want to sell them together.^
^ The Schools of Democritus of Abdera, the propounder of
the atomic theory, and of Heraclitus of Ephesu.s, who
originated the doctrine of the flux he held that fire is the
;
first principle, and its manifestations continually change, so

that nothing is stable. Both representatives talk Ionic Greek.
473
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
Kara^TjTOV e? to fjueaov. tq) apiarco Îco ttcoXcj,
Tft) cro(f)0)TdTco irdvTcov dTroKTjpvTTOfiev.
ArOPA2TH2
'II ZeO rfji; evavTCOTr}TO<;. o fxev ov hioKenrei
'ye\o)V, 6 he riva eoLKe irevOelv haKpvet ôvv to
TTapdirav. ri raura, o) ovro^; tl 76X^9;
AHMOKPIT02
'E/Jcorav; on fxoi yeXoia Trdvra SoKeei rd Trp-^y-
fiara vjnewv /cat avrot vpiee^.
ArOPA2TH5
na)9 \ey€t<;; /caTay€Xa<; rj/xwv dirdviayv koX irap
ovhev TiOeaaL ra rj/jberepa Trpdy/Mara;
AHMOKPIT02
^D-Se €-)(eL' c/TrovSatov yap iv avreoicriv ovBev,
tceved Be Trdvra Kai dro/jLcov (jioprj /cal dTreipir}.
ArOPA2TH2
Ou piev ovv, dWa av Kevo<; 0)9 a\.r)Oo)<^ koI
14 d'7T€ipo<;. w T779 v^peco<;, ov iravaj] ye\6)v; crv Be
TL fcXdec^, ft) /3e\TLaT€; ttoXv yap oip,ai KdWiov

(TOL TrpoaXaXelv.
HPAKAEIT05
' Hy eop.aL ydp, co êlve, Ta dvOpcaiT'qia TrpijyfiaTa
6'i^vpd /cal BafcpvcoBea /cal ovBev avTecov 6 tl /jltj
eTTiKTjpLov TO Bt) ol/cTeLpo) T€ a(f)ea<; /cal oBvpopâi,
Kal Ta p.ev irapeovTa ov Bo/ceco /leydXa, Ta Be

v(TTep(p ')(^pQV(p eabpieva irdinrav di'iypdy Xiyco Be
474
HERMES
Come down among us, you two. I sell the two
best philosophies we ; offer the two that are sagest
of all.
BUYER
Zeus ! What
a contrast One of them never stops
!
laughing, and the otlier is apparently mourning a

death, as he weeps incessantly. What is the matter,
man ? Why are you laughing ?
DEMOCRITEAN
Dost thou need to ask ? J3ecause to me it seemeth
that all your affairs are laughable, and yourselves as
well.
BUYER
What, are you laughing at us all, and do you think
nothing of our affairs ?
DEMOCRITEAN
Even so ; for there is nothing serious in them, but
everything is a hollow mockery, drift of atoms,
infinitude.
BUYER
No
indeed, but you yourself are a hollow mockery
in very truth and an infinite ass. Oh, what effron-
tery !Will you never stop laughing ? {To the other.)
But you, why do you cry For I think it is much
.?
more becoming to talk with you.

HERACLITEAN
Because I consider, O stranger, that the affairs of
man are woeful and tearful, and there is naught in
them that is not foredoom.ed therefore I pity and ;
grieve for men. And their present woes I do not

consider great, but those to come in future will be
wholly bitter; I speak of the great conflagrations
475
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
Ta9 tov 6\ov av/jLcfiopijv rav-
iK7rvpa)cria<; fcal ttjv
ra ohvpofiai Koi on e/j.jreSov ovSev, 6k(o<; e<; aW
Kv/cecbva ra irdvra avveiXeovTac kul ian tcouto
Tep'\jn<; arep'^LT}, yvMcn^ ayvwcriri, fieya fxiKpov,
avo) KCLTw TTepLycopeovra koI a/xeilSo/xeva iv ttj
TOV alcove^ TTatScrj.
ArOPA2TH2
It yap aicov ecrrc;
HPAKAEIT02
ITat9 TraL^cov, Treacrevcov, Siacpepo/ievof;, av/icfiepu-
fievo<;.
ArOPA2TH2
T/ Be dv6pco7roi;
HPAKAEIT02
(8)eol Ovqroi.
ArOPA2TH5
Tt he Oeoi;
HPAKAEIT02
'
AvOpcoTTOt aOdvaTOi.
ArOPA5TH2
Atviy/JLara \ey€C<;, w ol'to9, rj ypi(f)OV<; avvTi67]<;;
are^yw? yap wajrep 6 Aoîa^ ovSev dTToaacjiel^,
HPAKAEIT02
OvBev yap fJLOL fieXei, v/jiecov.
ArOPA2TH2
Tocyapovv ovSe wyrjaerai cre tl^; ev (^povwv.
HPAKAEIT02
*E7ft) he KeKofxaL iraaiv rj^rjSbv olficoêiv, Tolariv
oDveopievoiai /cat jolcriv ovk aoveo/xevoiai.
476
and the collapse of the universe. It is for this that
I grieve, and because nothing is fixed, but all things
are in a manner stirred up into porridge, and joy

and joylessness, wisdom and unwisdom, great and
small are all but the same, circling about, up and
down, and interchanging in the game of Eternity.
BUYER
And what is Eternity ?
HERACLITEAN
A child playing a game, moving counters, in dis-
cord, in concord.
BUYER
What are men ?
HERACLITEAN
Mortal gods.
BUYER
And the Gods ?
HERACLITEAN
Immortal men.
BUYER
Are you telling riddles, man, or making conun-
drums? You are just like Apollo, for you say
nothing plainly.^
HERACLITEAN
Because you matter naught to me.
BUYER
Then nobody in his sense will buy you.
HERACLITEAN
I bid ye go weep, one and all, buy you or buy you
not.
^ Heraclitus was nicknamed 6 ^kotcivSs, "the Obscure."
477
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ArOPA2TH2
TovtI to KaKov ov TTOppo) ixe\a'y')(oXia^ iariv
ovSerepov Be 6/jlo)<; avrcov eyayye odvrâofJLaL*
EPMH5
"KirparoL koX outoi fievovaiv,
ZET5
"AWov aiTOKrjpVTTe.
EPMH2
15 BouXet Tov AOrjvalov ^ i/cecvov, tov gtcoimvXov;
ZET5
Tldvv fxev ovv.
EPMH5
Aeupo iXde crv. ^lov ayaOov kol avverov airo-
fcr^pvTTOjxev. Tt9 wvelraL tov tepcoTUTOv;
ArOPA2TH2
EZttc /jlol, Tt fxaXiaTa elSo)^ Tvy^dvet^;;
SriKPATHS
TlaiBepaaTT]^; elfjui kol cro<ô? to, ipcoTi/cd,
ArOPA5TH2
IToj? ovv iyci) irpLco/jLai ere; iracBayayyov yap
eheop/ifv TW wacSl koKQ) ovtl (xol.
SHKPATHS
Tt9 3' o-v eVtTTySetoTe/oo? ifiov yevoiTo avvelvai
Ka\(p; fcac yap ov tmv aco/jLciTcov ipaaTrjî elfit, Tyv
'^v')(^r]v Se rjyov/jiai fcaXrjv. djjLeXei, kuv vtto tuvtop
J78
BUYER
This fellow's trouble is not far removed from
insanity. However, I for my part will not buy
either of them.
HERMES
They are left unsold also.
ZEUS
Put up another.
HERMES
Do you want the Athenian over there, who has so
much to say ? ^
ZEUS
By all means.
HERMES
Come here, sir. We
are putting up a righteous
and intelligent philosophy. Who'll buy the height
of sanctity ?
BUYER
Tell me what you know best ?
ACADEMIC
I am a lover, and wise in matters of love.
BUYER
How am I to. buy you, then ? Wliat I wanted was
a tutor for my son, who is handsome.
ACADEMIC
But who would be more suitable than I to associate
with a handsome lad ? It is not the body I love,
it
is the soul that I hold beautiful. As a matter of
1 Both Socrates and Plato contribute
to the picture of the
typical Academic. Consequently some editors, misled by
the manuscripts (see introductory note) ascribe
the part of
Academic to Socrates, some to Plato, and some divide
it
between the two,
d79
7
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

LfjLOLTiov fioL KaTaK6(0VTai, cLKovGei avTwv Xeyov-
Tcov fjLTjBev vir ifiov Beivov iraOelv.
ArOPA2TH2
"ATTiara Xej€L<;, to TraiBepaarrjv ovra fir] Trepa
7779 "^vx^^ TToXvirpay/jLoveiu, Kal ravra eir iôv-
(Tta?, VTTO TO) avTO) t/xartft) /caTaKeifiepov.
2nKPATH2
16 Kat /jir)v ofivvco ye aoi top Kvva Ka\ Tr)V TrXa-
ravov ovTCJ ravra e^jîv,
ArOPA2TH5
'H/3a/t\et9 rrjt; aroiria^; ro)v Oecov*
2nKPATK5
Tt aif Xey€L<;; ov 8ok€l aoi 6 kvcov elvau deo^;;
ovx opa<; rov "Avov/3iV iv Klyvirrcp ocro?; Kal rov

iv ovpavui Xecpiov teal rov irapa Tot9 tcdreo Keyj-
/Sepov;
ArOPA2TH5
1 Kv \eyet<;, iyco Be htrjixdpravov. a\Xa riva ^lol^
rov rpoTTov;
2nKPATH2
OIkco rtva rroKiv avairXdca^;, XP^'
fiev ifiavro)
fiai Be iroXireia êvrj Kal vojxov^ vo/jll^co 701)9 e/jLOv<;,
ArOPA2TH2
'Êiv i/SovXofjLTjv d/covaac rcov Boyp,drcov,
SHKPATHS
""Axove Bi] TO /jLeycarov, b rrepl raw yvvaiKuiv fxoi
4<5o
fact, even if they lie beneath
the same cloak with
me, they will tell you that I have
done them no
wrong. 1
BUYER
can t beheve what you say, that you,
I
though a
lover, take no interest in anything
beyond the soul
even when you have the opportunity,
'lying beneatli
the same cloak. ^ ^ »
ACADEMIC
But I swear to you by the dog and the
plane-tree
that this IS so.
BUYER
Heracles ! What curious gods !
ACADEMIC
t]^^tyousay.>
Don't you think the doc
•
^^^^*f Don't
IS a god ? you know about Anubis in Eavor
how great he is, and about Sirius in
the sky and
Cerberus m
the world below ?
BUYER
Quite right I was entirely mistaken.
;
But what
is your manner of life ?
ACADEMIC
dwell in a city that I created for
I
myself, usino-
an imported constitution and enacting
my own. 2 ° statutes of
BUYER
I should like to hear one of your
enactments.
ACADEMIC
Let me tell you the most important one, the
view
Plato's Symposium, particularly
I n^T 216 d-'>19 d
Ibe allusion is to Plato's Republic.
481
II
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
BoK€t' fjLTjBefiiav avTMv fxrjhevo'^ euvai jjlovov, nravTi
he fM€T6LvaL TO) ôvKofJievw rod ya/xov.
ArOPA2TH2
TovTO <^r}<;, avrjprjadai tou? irepl fioLêCa^ v6-
2nKPATH5
N^ Aia, KoX airXS)'^ ye iraaav rrjv irepl ra
Toiavra jxiKpoXoylav.
ArOPA2TH2
Tt he irepX tmv ev copa TraiScov <tol hoKel;
2nKPATH2
Kctt ovTOL eaovTUL TOt? apL(TTOit\r]aaL
\a/jL7rp6v Tt fcal veavLKOv epyaaafMevoi,<i.
ArOPA2TH2
Ba/3at Tfj<; ^t\oBcopta<;. tt}? he aocfjla^ ri aoL to 18
Ke(âXaLov;
2nKPATH2
At IheaL Kol ra roov ovtcov irapaheiyfJLara' oirocra
yap hrj 6pa<^, rrjv yrjv, ra eirl yy]<;, rov ovpavou,
Tr}v OaXarrap, aTravrcov tovtcov ecKove^; a(jyavel<;
earaaiv e^co tm]> okcov.
ArOPA2TH2
Yiov he ecrrdaiv;
2nKPATH2
Ovha/JLOV' el yap irov elev, ovk av elev,
ArOPA2TH2
OifX opco ravO* airep Xeyeiî ra Trapahec'y/jLara,
482
that I hold about wives it is that none of them shall
;
belong solely to any one man^ but that everyone who so

desires may share the rights of the husband.
BUYER
You mean by this that you have abolished the
laws against adultery ?
ACADEMIC
Yes, and in a word, all this pettiness about such
matters.
BUYER
What is your attitude as to pretty boys ?
ACADEMIC
Their kisses shall be a guerdon for the bravest
after they have done some splendid, reckless deed.
BUYER
My word, what generosity And what is the gist
!
of your wisdom ?
ACADEMIC
My " ideas " I mean the patterns of existing
;
things for of everything that you behold, the

:
earth, with all that is upon it, the sky, the sea,
invisible images exist outside the universe.
BUYER
Where do they exist ?
ACADEMIC
Nowhere ; for if they were anywhere, they would
not be.^
BUYER
I do not see these patterns that you speak of.
1 As space cannot be predicated

of anything outside the
universe, cannot be predicated of the Platonic Ideas. To
it
do so would be to make them phenomena instead of realities,
for nothing in the universe is real.
483
1 I 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
2nKPATH2
FjIkotox;' Tf^Xo? yap el Trj<; rov 6(f)6a\-
'^v'^Pff;
fMov. iyo) Be irdvTwv opo) el/c6va(; Kal ae dcpauij

KQjjLe dXkov, Koi 6\a)<^ 8i.7r\d iravTa.
ArOPA2TH2
ToLjapovv coj'T/reo? el aocpo^; koI o^vBeoKi]^ ri?
lov. (pipe tSo) TL Koi 7rpu^€t<; fie virep avrov av;
EPMH2
Ao9 hvo ToKavra.
ArOPA2TH2
^nv}]adjuLr]p oaov <^7;9. idpyvpiov fxevTOi et? av9t<;
fcaraâXco.
EPMHS
19 Tt aoL Tovvofxa;
ArOPA2TH2
Alcov ^vpaKovcTLOf;.
EPMH2
"A7€ \a/3cov dyaOf] rv^y. rov ^îriKovpeiov ae
Yjhrj KoXu). Tt9 oyvrjaerai tovtov; earc fiev rov yekojp-
TO? eKCivov fia6r]Tr](i koI rov fiedvovTOf;, ov<; /jLiKpy
Trpoadev dir eKi] pvrro fxev . ev Be ifKeov olBev avrcov,

Trap* oaov Bvaa€/3eaTepo<; Tvy)(^dver rd Be dXka
rjBvf; KoX XL')(i>eLa (f)iXo<;.
ArOPA2TH2
try/ f /
lt9 r/ tl/jLT);
EPMH5
Avo pval.
484
ACADEMIC
Of
course not^ for the eye of your soul is blind :
—
but I see images of everything^ an invisible ^^you,"
another "me/' and in a word^ two of everything.
BUYER
Then must buy you for your wisdom and your
I
sharp sight. {To hermes.) Come^ let's see what price
you will make me for hira ?
HERMES
Give me two talents.
BUYER
He is sold to me at the price you mention. But
1 will pay the money later on.
HERMES
What is your name ?
BUYER
Dion of Syracuse. 1
HERMES
Heyours take him^ with good luck to you.
is ;
Epicurean, I want you now. Who will buy him .'
He is a pupil of the laugher yonder and of the

drunkard, both of whom we put up a short time ago.^
In one way, however, he knows more than they,
because he is more impious. Besides, he is agreeable
and fond of good eating.
BUYER
What is his price ?
HERMES
Two niinas.
^ Chosenfor mention, because lie was Plato's pupil.
- The Epicureans took over the atomic theory from
Democritus and the idea that pleasure is the highest good
from the Cyrenaics
485
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ArOPA2TH5
Adfiâve' TO Becva Be, oirco^; elBco, ria-t, ')(âip€i
TMV iBicTfiaTiov;
EPMH2
To. yXvKea airetrat /cal to, /jLcXcTcoBr] /cal jjud-
ArOPA2TH2
XaXeTToi' ovhev (hprjcro/neOa yap avTO) iraXdOa^
TMV lâpiKMV,
ZET2
20 "AXXoz^ KaXei; top iv XP^P Kôvpiav i/cetvoVt top
aKvOpwTTOV, top diro Trj<; aTod<;,
EPMH2
Ev Xeyet^' eoiKaai yap ttoXv Tt ttXtiOo^ avrop
Trepi/xepetp tmp iirl tijp dyopap dirrjvTrjfcoTWP. av-
T7]P TrjP dpCTTjP TTCoXm, TOiP fBlCOP TOP TcXecoTaTov,
t/9 diraPTa fjbopo^ elhepau deXei;
ArOPA2TH5
IIco? TOUTO (/)>;?;
EPMHS
^'Oti fJLOPoq ouTO? (T0(f)6^, /ji6po<; KaXo^, /jl6po<;
BbKato^ dpBpelo's âaLX6v<; prJTcop 7rXovaio<; Po/jLO0e-
Trj<; Kol TO, aXXa oiroaa iaTLP,
ArOPA2TH5
Ovtcovv fcal fxdyeipo^; /jiopo<;, Kal pyj Ala ye
f7KVTohe'^7)<i Tj TefCTcop Kal TO, TOiavra;
486
: !

BUYER
Here you are. But, I say I I want to know what
food he Ukes.
HERMES
He eats sweets and honey-cakes, and, above all,
figs.
BUYER
No trouble about that ; we shall buy him cakes of
pressed figs from Caria.
ZEUS
Call another, theone over there with the cropped
head, the dismal fellow from the Porch.
HERMES
Quite right at all events it looks as if the men
;
who frequent the public square were waiting for him

in great numbers.^ I sell virtue itself, the most
perfect of philosophies. Who wants to be the only
one to know everything ?
BUYER
What do you mean by that .'*
HERMES
That he is the only wise man, the only handsome
man, the only just man, brave man, king, orator,
rich man, lawgiver, and everything else that
there is.^
BUYER
Then he is the only cook,
tanner or carpenter, and so forth
—yes?
and the only
^ Liician means that the Stoic philosophy was in high

favour with statesmen, lawyers, and men of affairs generally.
2 Compare Horace, Epp. 1, I 106 ff
Ad summam sapiens uno minor est Jove, dives,

:
Liber, honoratus, pulcher, rex denique regum,

Praecipue sanus, —
nisi cum pituita molestast
487
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH5
"EoLfcev,
ArOPA2TH2
21 'EXê, ayyaOe, koI Xeye tt/ô? top ayvrjTrjv
ifie TTOio? T£9 el, koI irpoiTOv el ov/c dÔrj iriTrpa-
(TK6fi€V0<; fcal 8oi}Xo9 wv.
xPT2inno2
Ovâ/j.ct)<;' ov yap icj) 7]/jLlv ravrd ecniv, a he
ovK €(f)
rjfjicv, aScd(popa elvai avfi/Se^rjKev.
ArOPA5TH5
Ov fiavOdvco fj
KoX \ey€t(;.
xPT2inno2
Tt (j>tj'i; ov jxavOdvei^ on twv tolovtcov ret êv
icTTL 7rpo7)y/jL€va, ra 3' avdiraXiv diroTrporjyixeva;
ArOPA2TH2
Ovhe vvv jjbavOdvw.
xPTSmnos
Et/coTO)?' ov yap el avvrjOr]^ toI<; r}fjLerepoi<; ovo-
fiaaiv ovBe rrjv KaraXyTTTLKTjv (pavraalav eêt^, 6
Be cnrovhalo'^ 6 rrjv \oyiKr)v Oecopiav i/cfiaOcov ov
fiovov ravra oihev, aWa /cal avfjuâjia Kai irapa-
GVfJiâiJba oirola /cal oiroaov dWyXcov SLacjêpei.
ArOPA2TH2
ITyQo? T?79 (JO<îa<;y pbrj (pOovrjayf; kuv tovto
1 Just as things " in our control" were divided into the

good and the bad, so those " not in our control" were divided
into the "approved" and the "disapproved," according
as they helped or hindered in the acquirement of virtue.
488
2

HERMES
So it appears.
BUYER
here^ my good fellow^ and tell your buyer
Come
what you are like, and first of all whether you are
not displeased with being sold and living in slavery ?
STOIC
Not at all, for these things are not in our control,
and all that is not in our control is immaterial.
BUYER
I don't understand what you mean by this.
STOIC
What, you do not understand that of such things
some are " approved," and some, to the contrary,
^'^
disapproved " ?
^
BUYER
Even now I do not understand.
STOIC
Of
course not, for you are not familiar with our
vocabulary and have not the faculty of forming con-
cepts but a scholar who has mastered the science of
;
logic knows not only this, but what predicaments

and bye-predicaments are, and how they differ from
each other.
BUYER
In the name of wisdom, don't begrudge telling me
2 The hair-splitting Stoics distinguished four forms of
predication according to tlie case of the (logical) subject and
the logical completeness of the predicate the direct, complete
:
predicate, or o-u/z/8o/to [predicament], i.e. ûKpar-ns &a5i(ei the ;
indirect, complete predicate, or Trapacrvfiâ/jLai bye-predicament),

i.e. ôoKparei jx^Tajx^Xî the direct, incomplete predicate, i.e.
;
"XaKparris (pi\e7, and the indirect, incomplete predicate, i.e.

'SwKpdrei jueAei.
489
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
eiTrelv, n to (Tu/jb/Sa/jLa koX to irapaavyiâîa' koX
'yap ovK OL^ 67ra>yr)v vttotov pvOfiov to)v
OVO/jLaTCOV.
xPT2inno2
AXX ovSel<; <j)6ovo<;' rjv yap tl<; ^wXo? mv avrfo
EKeivw T(p %ft)Xft) TToBl irpo(nrTaiaa<^ \i6(p rpavfia
€^ axpavov'; Xd^rj, o TOtovro<; elx^ P'^v hrfirov avp-
/3apa rrjv ^coXeiav, to Tpavpa he 7rapa<Tvp>0apa
irpoaeKaêv.
ArOPA2TH2
22 *ri Tr}<; ay\^LVoia<;, tl Be dWo pdXiaTa ^^9
elSevai;
xPY2inno2
Ta9 Twy \6ywv TrXeKTava^ ah avpirohi^co tou9
rr poaop.iXovvTa<; Kal airo^paTTw fcal (TKOTrdv ttoio),
(j)ip,bv aTe'xyS)^ avTolî TrepiTiOei^' ovopa Be ttj

Bvvdpbei TavTT) 6 doiBipo<; avXXoyiapoî,
ArOPA2TH2
'H/3a/<;Xet9, dpaôv Tiva Kal îaiov Xeyei<;,
XPT2inno2
X/coTrei yovv eaTi ctol iraiBiov;
ArOPA2TH2
It pbrjv;
xPY2inno5
Ilovto r}v 7rft)9 fcpoKoSecXo^; dpiranrj TrXrâiov tov
TTOTapov irXaôpevov eupcov, kuto, aoi aTrohcoaeiv
VTTia^vTjTai ^ avTO, rjv €i7Ty<; TdX7jde<; 6 tl BeBoKTai
1 uTna-xv^Tai Fritzsche : uTricx^'crTot MSS.

490
at least what predicaments and bye-predicaments are ;
for I am somehow impressed by the rhythm of the

terms.
STOIC
Indeed^ I do not begrudge it at all. If a man who
is lame dashes his lame foot against a stone and
receives an unlooked-for injury he was ah*eady in a
_,
predicament^ of course, with his lameness, and with

his injury he gets into a bye -predicament too.
BUYER
Oh, what subtlety! And what else do you claim to
know best .''
STOIC
The word-snares with which
I entangle those who
converse with me and stop their mouths and make
them hold their peace, putting a very muzzle on
them. This power is called the syllogism of wide
renown. 1
BUYER
Heracles ! An invincible and mighty things by
what you say.
STOIC
See for yourself. Have you a child }
BUYER
What of it ?
STOIC
it on finding it straying
If a crocodile should seize
beside the river, and then should promise to give it
back to you if you told him truly what he intended
The Stoics were noted for their attention to logic
1 and
in especial to fallacies. Chrysippus wrote a book on
syllogisms, mentioned in the Icaromtnippus (311).
491
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
avTW Trepl rr;? a7roB6aea)(; tov /3pe(ôu?, rt <f)7]<T€L(;
avTOv iyvcoKevai;
ArOPA2TH5
AvaairoKpLTOv epwra^. airopoy yap oirorepov
eliroiv CLTToXdôL/jLi,. aXXa av 7rpo<; Aio? airoKpLva-
fievo^ avdcrcoaai /jlol to TratSiov, fir) Ka\ cfyOdaT]
avrb /caraTncov.
xPTsmnos
tapper koI dWa ydp ere hthdôfiai Oav/jLacrico-
T€pa.
ArOPA2TH2
la iToia;
xPY2inno2
Tov Oepiôvra Kal tov KvptevovTa Kal cttI Trdac
Trjv ^HXeKTpav Kal tov iy/ceKaXv/x/ievov.
ArOPA2TH5
Tiva tovtov tov iyKe/caXvfi/jievov 17 Tiva ttjv
'HXeKTpav Xeyei,^;
XPT2inno2
HXeKTpav fiev eKeivqv ttjv irdw, Tr)vWyafi€fivo-
vo<;, rj TCL avTa olSe re d/jLa koI ovk olSe' irapecrTco-
T09 yap avTjj tov ÔpicrTov €TL dyv6)T0<; olhe pev
1 The commentators do not seem to have noticed that
Lucian has (intentionalh^) spoiled the sophism by using the

words SfdoKTai and iyuwKfvai. It is perfectly possible for the
"
father to guess what the crocodile " iiad made up his mind
to do, and so to get the child back for an intention need
:
not be executed. The crocodile should ask, " Am I going to

{/uLf\\w) give up the child ? " Then, if the father answers
" Yes," he will sav " You are wrong," and eat it and if :
492
!

todo about giving it back, what would you say he
had made up his mind to do ? ^
BUYER
Your question is hard to answer_, for I don't know
which alternative I should follow in my reply, in
order to get back the child. Come, in Heaven's
name answer it yourself and save the child for me,
for fear the beast may get ahead of us and devour it
STOIC
Courage ! I'll teach you other things that are more
wonderful.
BUVER
What are they ?
STOIC
The Reaper, the Master,- and above all, theElectra
and the Veiled Figure.
BUYER
What do you mean by the Veiled Figure and the
Electra ?
STOIC
The Electra is the famous Electra, the daughter of
Agamemnon, who at once knew and did not know
the same thing for when Orestes stood beside her
;
before the recognition she knew that Orestes was
Ihe father says " No," he will reply " You are right ;
therefore I am not going to give it up."
^ Neither of these are accurately known. The Reaper was
based on the fallacious employment of the negative, and
proved that a man who was going to reap a field could not
possibly reap it. Zeno, the founder of the Stoic school, is
.said to have paid 200 minas to a logician who taught him
seven varieties of this fallacy'. The Master consisted of four
propositions, of which you could take any three and disprove
the fourth.
493
"
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

Upearrjv, on a06\(po<; avrrj^, on oe ovro^ Up€(TT7}<;
a<yvoel. tov S' av iyK€KaXv/i/jL€VOV fcal ttclvv 6av-
fjLaarov aKovar) Xoyov airoKpLvaL yap fxaii tov
irarepa olada tov aeavTov;
ArOPA2TH5
Nat.
xpY2inno2
Tt ovv; ijv aoi 7rapao-Trjaa<; tlvcl iy/c€KaXv/jLfjL6vov
epcofjuai, TOVTOV olaOa; tL (î]aei<;;
ArOPA2TH2
ArjXaSr] ayvoecv.
xPT2inno2
23 'AWa /JLr]v avTo<; outo? tjv 6 iraTrjp 6 a6<;' wcrre
el TovTov ayvoel^, SrjXo<; el tov iraTepa tov abv
ayvocov.
ArOPA2TH2
Ov fiev ovv aXX^ airoKaXy'â^ avTov eccTo/jLat,
Tr)v aXriOeiav. o/jlco^; 3' ovv tc (toi Trj<; ao<f)La<; to

TeXo^, Tj TL 7rpdêi<; TlyOO? to d/CpOTUTOV T?5? ClpeTl)'^
d<pLKOfj.evo<;;
xPY2inno2
Ilepl TCL TTpcoTa /caTCL (f)V(TLV TOTe yevijao/iai,
keyco 8e ttXovtov, vyieiav koI to. TOtavTa. rrpoTe-
pov Se dvdyKT] jroXXa irpoirovrjaaL XeirToypdcjiOi^
iBi^XiOi^ irapaOriyovTa tijv oyjnv /col a')(oXia avv-
^ Here again Lucian doec scant justice to the fallacy,

which he really gives away by his statement of it. It
should run " she at once knew and did iiot know that
:
Orestes was her brother, for she did not know that this man
was her brother but this man was Orestes.
;
^ As the Stoics set great store by " living in harmony with
nature," they divided "things which did not matter"

into the "acceptable" and the "unacceptable" according
494
her brother, but did not know that this was Orestes.^
As to the Veiled Figure, you shall hear a very
wonderful argument. Tell me, do you know your
own father ?
BUYER
Yes.
STOIC
But if I put a veiled figure before you and asked
you if you know him^ what will you say ?
BUYER
That I don't, of course.
STOIC
But the veiled figure turns out to be your own
father so if you don't know him, you evidently don't
;
know your own father.

BUYER
Not so I should unveil him and find out the
:
truth ! —
But to go on what is the purpose of your
wisdom, and what shall you do when you reach the
summit of virtue ?
STOIC
I then devote myself to the chief natural
shall
goods, I mean wealth, health, and the like.^ But
first I must go through many preparatory toils,
whetting my eyesight with closely-written books,
as they were in or out of harmony with tho natural wants of
man. This did not supersede the classification alluded to
above, but was convenient because it enabled them to dispose
of certain things which were hard to classify on the other
basis. For instance, a good comi.lexion is neither " approved"
nor "disapproved" as an aid to the acquirement of virtue,
but it is in harmony with nature, and therefore " acceptable."
Hence the Stoics were often accused (as they are constantly
accused by indirection in this dialogue) of setting up a double
standard.
495
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
ayeipovTa kol <Jo\oiKL<j\x(jiv eynriirXdyievov koX
aroiTcov prf/jLarcov' /cal to K€(pd\aLOv, ov 6efJLL<^
yeveadai aoôv, rjv /jlt) rpt? e0e^% tov iXXeffopov
ArOPA2TH2
Vevvala aov ravra koL hetvoi^; avhpLKci. to Se
Tvi(f)(ova TOKoy\vcf)ov — koI
elvat koX yap TuSe
opo) aoi irpoaovTa — avSpo^
rt (pco/nev, -qhrj TreTro)-
/C0T09 TOV eWe/Sopov kol TeXelov tt/Oo? apeTijv;
XPT2inno2
Nar /i6v(p yovv to Zavelêtv irpeiroi av ro) ao^w'
eirei yap cSlov avTov avWoylêaOai, to havel-
^€LV Se Kul \oyi^6(T0ai tov<; to/cou? TfXrjaLOv elvai
8oK€L TO) (TvXkoyiêadai, tov cttov-
fjLovov av eirj
Saiov fcaOdirep tovto, fcal ov fiovov ye

i/celvo /cal
d7r\ov<;, coairep ol dWoc, tol/? tokov^, aXXd Kal
TOVTCov €Tepov^ TOKOV^ XafM^dvccv rj yap dyvoel^
OTi TCOV TOKCOV OL fliv €Lat TTpCOTOi TLVeî, 01 Sk
SevTepoi, fcaOdirep avTcov eKeivcov diroyovoi; opa<;
Se hij Kal TOV avWoyicTfiov oTTOid (^rjaiv el tov
TTpoiTOv TOKOV Xij^jreTac, XrjyjreTaL ^ Kal tov SevTe-
poir dXXd fi7)v tov TrpMTOv XrjyêTai, XrjyêTai'^ dpa
Kal TOP SevTepov,
ArOPA2TH5
24 OvKOvv Kal fjLiaOcov irepi to, avTcu (jico/jLev, ot*?
av Xa/jLâv€L<; iin tt} aoc^La napd tcov vecov, fcal
SrjXov OTL fiovo'i airovSalof; fiiadov eirl Ty dpertj
XrjyêTai;
^ K-i]y\i€Tai Jacobitz : not in MSS.

"^
Ai'iipiTai Jacobitz : not in MSS.
496
^

collecting learned comments and stuffing myself with
solecisms and uncouth words and to cap all, a man
;
may not become wise until he has taken the hellebore

treatment three times running.
BUYER
These projects of yours are noble and dreadful!}
courageous. But to be a Gnipho and a usurer for 1 —
see that this is one of your traits too what shall we —
say of this ? That it is the mark of a man who has
already taken his hellebore-treatment and is con-
summate in virtue ?
STOIC
Yes ; at any rate money-lending is especially
appropriate to a wise man, for as drawing inferences
is a specialty of his, and as money-lending and
drawing interest is next-door to drawing inferences,
the one, like the other, belongs particularly to the
scholar and not only getting simple interest, like
:
other people, but interest upon interest. For don't

you know that there is a first interest and a second
interest, the offspring,^ as it were, of the first And .^^
you surely perceive what logic says " If he gets :
the first interest, he will get the second but he ;
will get the first, ergo he will get the second."
BUYER
Then we are to say the same of the fees that you
get for your wisdom from young men, and obviously
none but the scholar will get paid for his virtue }
1 A
hit at Chr^'sippus. Hellebore was the specific for
insanity, and rumour said that Chrysippus had taken the
treatment three times (cf. True Story, 2, 18).
'''
A
play upon t6kos, which is literally " offspring."
497
VOL. II. K K
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
xPT2inno5
ov yap ejiavrov eve/ca^ Xafi^dpco,
IS/lavOdvei^'
Tov Be 8i3oi^T09 avrov '^dpcv iirel yap ecTTiv 6 fiev
Tt9 €/c%uT^9, he irepieKTiKo^;, ifJuavTov /lev aaKco
elvai irepie/CTiKOV, tov 8e fjuadr^rrjv iK)(^vT7jv.
ArOPA2TH2
Kal firjv TovvavTLOV e^prjv'^ tov veov fiev eivac
Trepce/CTifcov, ae Be tov puovov irXovaiov iK')(yT'r]v.
xpT5inno2
SKC07rT€c<;, 0) 0VT09. aXX' opa fjurj ae diroToêvaco
T& dvaiToBeiKT(p avWoyKr/jLa}.
ArOPA2TH2
Kal TL Beivov oltto tov 0e\ov<;;
xpY2inno2
Arropia Kal cncoTrrj Kal BiaaTpa^rjvai. t^j^ Bid-
^
25 voiav. o Be pikyidTov, rjv eOeXco, TaîaTd ae diro-

Bel^co \lOov.
ArOPA5TH2
IIw? Xldov; ov yap Hepaev^: av, (o îXTiaTe,
elvai fjLOt BoKel^;.
xpY2inno2
*nSe 7ra)9' o XlOo<; arcofid ecTTL;
ArOPA5TH2
Nat.
xPY2inno5
It oe; TO ^q)ov ov acofia;
ArOPA2TH2
Nat.
1 eVf /CO Dindorf : etv€Ka MSS.
2 e'xp^f * (?), Seager, Fritzsche : f<pTis MSS.
498
^

STOIC
Your understanding of the matter is correct. You
see, I do not take pay on my own account, but for the
sake of giver himself: for since there are two
tlie
classes of men, the disbursive and the receptive, I
train myself to be receptive and my pupil to be
disbursive.
BUYER
On the contrary, the young man ought to be
receptive and you, who alone are rich, disbursive !
STOIC
You are joking, man. Look out that I don't shoot
you with my indemonstrable syllogism.
BUYER
What have I to fear from that shaft ?
STOIC
Perplexity and aphasia and a sprained intellect.
But the great thing is that if I wish I can turn you
into a stone forthwith.
BUYER
How will you turn me into a stone ? You are not
a Perseus, I think, my dear fellow.
STOIC
In this way. Is a stone a substance ?
BUYER
Yes.
STOIC
And how about this — is not an animal a substance ?
BUYER
Yes.
^ Indemonstrable in the sense that its propositions do not
lequire demonstration, or indeed admit of it.
499
K K 2
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
xPY2inno2
Xv Be ^wov;
ArOPA2TH2
"Eot/ca yovv.
xPTsmnos
Ki6o^ apa el crw/xa cov.
ArOPA2THS
Mr^hajim. aX)C avaXvarov fie tt/ô? tov Ato? Kal
6^ V7rap)(r]<; irolrjcrov avOpwirov.
xPY5inno2
1(t6l avdpoyiro^. elire
Ov xcOêirov aX\' epîraXiv
yap fioc, Trdv aco/jia â)ov;
ArOPA2TH2
xPY2inno2
Tl Be; \lOo<; ^mov;
ArOPA2TH2
Ov,
xpT2inno2
Zf oe (Tcofjia €l;
ArOPA2TH2
Nat.
xPY2inno2
Sw/xa SI wv ^(oov ei;
ArOPA2TH2
Nat.
xPY2inno2
OvK apa \lOo^ el ^(oov ye cov.
ArOPA2TH2
El) ye eTToirjcra^;, &)? ^S^7 MOt' ra (tkcXv KaOdirep
T?)^ NiolSrjî aTTeyfrvx^To fcal nrdyia 7)v. aXXa wvi]-
aofial ye ae. iruaov virep avrov KaraâXo);
500
STOIC
And you are an animal ?
BUYER
So it appears, anyhow.
STOIC
Then you are a substance, and therefore a stone !
BUYER
Don't say that Distribute my middle,
! for
Heaven's sake, and make me a man again.
STOIC
That
me, is
not difficult.
is Be a man once more
every substance an animal }
! — Tell
BUYER
No.
STOIC
Well, is a stone an animal ?
BUYER
No.
STOIC
You are a substance ?
BUYER
Yes.
STOIC
But even if you are a substance, you are an animal.
BUYER
Yes.
STOIC
Then you are not a stone, being an animal.
BUYER
Thank you kindly ; my legs were already as cold
and solid as Niobe's. I will buy you. (To hermes.)
How much have I to pay for him ?
501
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
M.va<; BcoBexa.
ArOPA2TH3
Adfiâve.
EPMH2
Mozô? Se avTOV icovrjaai;
ArOPA2TH5
Ma AC, aX}C ovroi iravre^ ov<; 6pa<;,
EPMH2
UoWoi ye koI tov<; o)fjLov<^ Kaprepol kol tgv
ZET5
26 M^ BidrpLê' aXkov fcaXet rbv UepcTrarrjTiKov.
EPMH2
Se (t)r)fii, rov koKov, tov TrXovaiov. dye B'^, &>i'?;-
cracrde rov avvcTcoTarov, rov diravTa 6X(0<; iiri-

(TTdfievov.
ArOPA5TH2
Iloto? 8e Ti9 eVrt;
EPMH2
MeT/)i09, eTneLKTjf;, dpfioBiof; toS /Slw, to Be fxeyu-
arov, Bt,7r\o{j<;.
ArOPA5TH5
na)9 Xiyeit;;
EPMH5
"AW09 yLtei^ CKToaOev (fyaivoiievo^, aXXo9 Ss
evToadev elvai BoKer ayare rjv irpiri avrov, /jue/jLvrâo
TOV fiev e^coTepLKov, tov Be eacoTepL/cov fcaXelv,
ArOPASTHi
Tt Be yLV(0(T/c€L fidXiaTa;
502
HERMES
Twelve minas.
BUYER
Here you are.
HERMES
Are you the sole purchaser ?
BUYER
Noj indeed ; there are all these men whom you
see.
HERMES
Yes, there are many of them, heavy-shouldered
fellows, fit associates for the Reaper.
ZEUS
Don't delay ; call another, the Peripatetic.
HERMES
{To PERIPATETIC.) I Say, you who are handsome,
you who are rich (
To the buyers.) Come now,
!
buy the height of intelligence, the one who knows

absolutely everything !
buyer
What is he like !
HERMES
Moderate, gentlemanly, adaptable in his way of
hving, and, what is more, he is double.
BUYER
What do you mean ?
HERMES
VicAved from the outside, he seems to be one man,
and from the inside, another so if you buy him, be ;
sure to call the one self '• exoteric " and the
other '' esoteric."
BUYER
What does he know best ?
503
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
Tpia elvai to, ayaOd, iv yfryxfiy eV aay/jLari, iv rot?
e/CT09.
ArOPA2TH2
ÂvOpcoTTiva (f>pov€t. iroaov Be iariv;
EPMH2
l^tKOai jJLVMV.
ArOPA5'lH5
YioWov ^ \ey€i(;.
EPMxHS
Ov/c, kol 'yap avTo<; e)(€tv ri ap'^/v-
S) /jLa/cdpte'
piov hoKel, coare ovk av (pOdvoi<^ wvovpLevo^. en

he elarf avTiKa paka Trap avrov TToaov p-ev o
fccovcoyjr /Stol tov y^pLvov, e(j) oiroaov he I3d0o<i rj
OdXaTTa VTTQ rod rjXlov KaraXdp^Trerai, Kal oiroia

Tt9 icTTiv T) '^v)(r) Tcov oarpelcov.
ArOPA2TH2
*i{pdfc\eL<; tt}? aKpt/SoXoylaf;.
EPMH2
Tl he aKovGeia^ dXXo. ttoWo) tovtcov o^vhep-
el
Kearepa, yovrj<^ re irepL koI yeveo-eco^ Kal tt}? eu
Tat<; urjrpac^ tmv ep./3pvcov irXaariKfj';, Kal (jl><;
dv6pco7ro<; p,ev yeXaart/cov, 6vo<; he ov yeXaartKov

ovhe re/craivopevov ovhe irXcolôpievov;
ArOPA2TH2
Tidvaepbva <f)i](; Kal 6v7]cn(f)6pa rd paOijpara,
o)<TT€ ojvovpai avTov TMV ^ ecKoaiv.
EPMH2
27 Elev,
ZET5
Tt9 XotTTO? rjplv;
1 TToAKov Reitz ; -noKv MSS, ^ twv Cobet ; not in MSS,
504
^ !

HERMES
That goods are threefold, in the soul, in the body,
and in things external.
BUYER
He has common sense. How much is he ?
HERMES
Twenty minas.
BUYER
Your i)rice is high.
HERMES
Not you, for he himself appears to have a
so, bless
bit of money, so you can't be too quick about buying
him. Besides, he will tell you at once how long a
gnat lives, how far down into the sea the sunlight
reaches, and what the soul of an oyster is like.
BUYER
Heracles, what insight
HERMES
What if 1 should you of other information
tell
demanding far keener vision, about sj)erm and
conception and the shaping of the embryo in the
womb, and how man is a creature that laughs, while
asses do not laugh, and neither do they build houses
nor sail boats.
BUYER
This ishigh and helpful information that you tell
of, so I shall buy him for the twenty minas.
HERMES
Very well.
ZEUS
Whom have we left .''
I Aristotle, Eth. Nkom. A, 8, 10U8 b,

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
EPMH2
K-araXeLTreraL 6 X/ceTrriKo^ ^ ovto<;. av 6 Tlvp-
pla<i 7rp6ai,9i /cat airoicr^pvTTOV Kara rd')(ô<i. tjBtj
fiev vTToppeovcnv oi ttoWoI koX iv oXiyoL^; r\ irpa-

(TL<; ecrrai. o/j,(o<; Be Tt9 koI tovtov cov^creTai;
ArOPA5TH2
"l^yayye. aXka Trpcorov elire fioi, crv ri €7rt-
araaai;
nrppHN
Ovhev.
ArOPA2TH2
IIw? TOVTO €(f)7](l6a;
nrppnN
Otc ovBev oXft)9 elvai /jlol Bokci,
ArOPA2TH2
OvSe rjjjbel^ dpa eafiev Tive<;;
nrppHN
OvBe TOVTO olBa.
ArOPA2TH2
OvBe OTL (TV TL<; a)v Tvy')(dv6L<;;
nTPPHN
TloXv fxaWov €tc tovto dyvocj,
ArOPA2TH2
*fl tt}? aTTopta?. TL Be aoi to, cTTadfila ravTl
ôvXerai;
nTPPHN
ZvyoaTaTOj iv avTolq T0v<i X6yov<; koX tt/oo? to
l(Tov direvdvvoi, koI eireiBav aKpi^M^ ofioiovf; re
^
7]ixiy. EPM. KaraXelireTai 6 ^KenriKhs B^kker ; iffuv /coto-
Kel-rrerai. EPM. 6 ^KeirriKhs MSS.
506
HERMES
This Sceptic is still Reddy,^ come
on our ha,nds.
here and be put up without delay. The crowd
is already drifting away, and there will be but few
at his sale. However, — who'll buy this one ?
BUYER
I will. But first tell me, what do you know ?
SCEPTIC
Nothing,
BUYER
What do you mean by that ?
SCEPTIC
That in my opinion nothing at all exists.
BUYER
Then do not we exist ?
SCEPTIC
I don't even know that.
BUYER
Not even that you yourself exist ?
SCEPTIC
I am far more uncertain about that.
BUYER
Oh, what a state of doubt .''
But what are these
scales of yours for ?
SCEPTIC
I weigh arguments in them and make them
balance one another, and when I see they are
1 Pyrrhias (Reddy) is a slave name, brought in for the
sake of the pun on the name of the founder of the Sceptic
school, Pyrrho.
;
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

fcal laoâpeiî lSco, rore Brj rore ayvoS) tov aXrj-
dearepov.
ArOPA2TH2
Tcov aXXcov Be tl av Trpdrrot^; e/x/ieXw?/
nTPPriN
Ta iravra ifkrjv SpaTrerrjv /jLeraBKOKeiv,
ArOPA2TH2
it oe TOVTO aot aovvarov;
nrppHN
''Ot^, (ayaOi, ov KaraXa/jiffdva),
ArOPA2TH2
EtVoTft)?' ffpaBvî yap /cat vaydrj^ T/.9 eliât 8oK€t^.
aXXa TL aoc to Te\o<i r^? iTnaTaa-eco^
nxppnN
H dfiaOia /cal to /jLtjtc olkovclv fi7]T€ opdv.
ArOPA2TH2
OvKovv Kai TO TV<pXo<i dfjua koI /C(i}(p6<; eivat,
nrppHN
Kat aKpiTc^ ye irpoaeTi /cal dvaiaOrjTO^ koI
o\a)9 TOV (Tfco)\y]fco<^ ovSev Stacpepcov.
ArOPA2TH2
flvr]T€o<; ei hta TavTa. ttoctov tovtov cl^lov vprj
(pdvuL;
EPMH5
Miâ9 'ArTfTCTj?*
ArOPA2TH2
Adfifiape. tI (pr^^;, w ovto^j icovrjfjLai, ce;
508
precisely alike and equal in weight, then, ah ! then
I do not know which is the truer.
BUYER
What else can you do fairly well ?
SCEPTIC
Everything except catch a runaway slave.
BUYER
Why can't you do that?
SCEPTIC
Because, my dear sir, I am unable to apprehend
anything. 1
BUYER
Of course, for you look to be slow and lazy. But
what is the upshot of your wisdom ?
SCEPTIC
Ignorance, and failure of hearing and vision.
BUYER
Then you mean being both deaf and blind }
SCEPTIC
Yes, and devoid of judgement and feeling, and, in a
word, no better than a worm.
BUYER
I must buy you for that reason. (^To hermes.)
How much may I call him worth }
HERMES
An Attic mina.
BUYER
Here you are.(To sceptic.) Wliat have you to
say, fellow ? Have I bought you ?
1 The same joke is cracked b}' Lucian in the True. Story, 2,
18, at the expense of the New Academy.
THE WORKS OF LUCIAN
nrppriN
ArOPA2TH5
MijSa/jLMf;' ia)V7)/jLai yap kol rapyvpiov Kare-
nTPPHN
E7re;)â) irept tovtov koI SiaafceTrrofiaL.
ArOPASTHS
Kal /jLTjv cLKoXovOet fioi, KaOdirep ^prj ifMOV
oIk6T7]V.
nTPPHN
Tt9 ol8ep el dXrjdrj ravra (f>7]<;;
ArOPA2TH2
O Krjpv^ KoX 7] fxva /cal ol 7rap6vT€<i,
nrppriN
apeto'L yap
a rjfMiv rive^;
ArOPASTHS
'A\V eycoye ae tjSt} e/iâXcbp eV rov fjuvXcova
ireiaa) ecpai SeaTTorrjf; Kara top yeipw \6yov.
nrppHN
"Evreê irepl tovtov.
ArOPA2TH2
M^ Af,*, cOOC 7]Sr} ye aire^rjvdfxriv.
EPMH2
St* /i€i/ Travaai dvTLTeivcov kuX aKoXovOet, Ttfi
Trpia/jLevQ), vfidf; Be eh avpcop TrapaKaXovfiep' drro-
K7)pv^€CP yap Tov<; lBi(OTa<i koI l3avavaov<i kuI
dyopaiov<{ ^lov^ jxiXXoixev.
5^0
!

SCEPTIC
Doubtful.
BUYER
No, indeed, I have bought you and paid the price
in cash.
SCEPTIC
I am suspending judgement on that point and
thinking it over.
BUYER
Come now, fellow, walk along behind me as my
servant should.
SCEPTIC
Who knows if what you say is true ?
BUYER
The crier, the mina, and the men present.
SCEPTIC
Is there anyone here present ?
BUYER
Come, I'll chuck you into the mill and convince
you that I am your master, with sorry logic
SCEPTIC
Suspend judgement on that point.
BUYER
No, by Heaven ! I have already affirmed my
judgement.
HERMES
{To Stop hanging back and go with
SCEPTIC.)
your buyer. {To the company.) We invite you all
here to-morrow, for we intend to put up for sale the
careers of laymen, workingmen, and tradesmen.
511
INDEX
Abdera, city in Thrace, 473 Anaceum, temple of Castor and
Academic school, 313, 317 personi-
;
Pollux at Athens, 339
fied, 479 sq. Anaxagoras, famous philosopher,
Academy, gymnasium near Athens d. 428 B.C., 337, 339 and note
in which Plato lectured, 305 Anonymi (comic poet), 139, 149 ;
Achaeans, 151, 197, 225 (tragic poet) 201
Acharnae, suburb of Athens, 299, Antigonus, Alexander's general,
383 later ruler of Asia Minor, 293, 295,
Achilles, 175, 207, 443 note
Acrisius, mythical king of Argos, Antiochus Soter, d. 261 B.C., 293
father of Danae, 199 Antiope, daughter of the river
Acropohs of Athens, 285, 385, 387 Asopus, mother by Zeus of
Acrocorinthus, citadel of Corinth, Amphion and Zethus, 97
285 Antiphanes of Rhodes, comic poet,
Admetus, king of Pherae in Thes- began to exhibit ca. 390 B.C., 325,
saly, favourite of Apollo, 71 note
Adrastus of Phrygia, accidentally Anubis, Egyptian god, son of
killed Atys, son of Croesus, 77 Osiris, represented with the head
Adriatic, 313 of a jackal on a human body,
Aeacus, 9 and note, 401, 445 103, 105, 309, 481
Aeginetan measure, 393 and note Aphidnae, village in Attica, 207
Aesop, 283 Aphrodite, 105, 151, 177, 179, 315
Aetna, 291, 333, 347, 371 Apis, sacred bull of Memphis, killed
Agamemnon, 151, 225, 441, 493 by Cambyses, 427
Agathocles, physician, 15 Apollo, 71, 79, 99, 105, 127 sg.,
Agathocles, Stoic philosopher, 295 157, 203, 259, 309, 315, 419,
Ajax, son of Telamon, 207, 443 sq., 477
Alcamenes, sculptor, 101, 103 Aratus, 257, 309
Alectryon. fable of, 177, 179 • Arbaces, eunuch, 295
Alexander the Great, 225 Archibius, physician (fictitious),
Alexander of Thessaly, tyrant of 191
Pherae, 293 Areopagus, high court at Athens,
Aloeus, sons of (Otus and Ephi- 379, 463
altes), 403 Ares, 151, 177, 179
Altar of Mercy, on the market-place Argives, 299, 445
at Athens, at which foreign Argo, 175
suppliants for Athenian aid took Argos, home of Danae, 199
refuge, 373 Aristides, 81, 163, 353
513
LUC. VOL. II. L L
INDEX
Aristodemus, actor, 95 and note, Castaly, spring on Mt. Parnassus,
153 133, 409
Aristophanes, 15 note, 81 note, 325 Caucasus, 243 sq., 403
note Cecrops, legendary founder and
Arsaces, king of Parthia, 295 first king of Athens, 227, 351
Artaxerxes Mnemon, d. 359 B.C., Celts, 109
225 Centaurs, 123
Artemis, 151, 157, 309 Cerberus, 55, 481
Asclepius, 121, 129, 309; temple Cercyon, king of Eleusis, whom
of, at Athens, 295 ; at Peiya- Theseus wrestled with and slew,
mos, 309 123
Aspasia, 211, 213, 215 Charon, 3 sq., 395 sq.
Assyrians, 155, 415 Charon, or the Inspectors,
Athena, 91 sq., 151, 257, 385 395-447
Athenians, 297, 309, 331, 337, 459 Charops of Aegina, 81
Athens, 123, 279, 339 note, 365, Charybdis, 413
383, 473 Chrysippus, 311, 497 note
Atlas, 405 CiUcians, 297
Atropos, one of the three Fates, Clearchus, 225
7, 33, 75 Cleobis, 417
Attains, 295 and note Cleocritus, fictitious name, 19
Attica, 299. 333, 337, 359 Cleon, rich Athenian tanner and
Attis, Asiatic demigod, worshipped demagogue, 361
with orgiastic rites as lover of Cleonae, village in Argos, 443, 445
Rhea (Cybele), 103 Clinias, orator (fictitious), 295
Clotho, one of the three Fates,
3-57, 75, 79, 425, 427
Babylon, 415, 443
Cnidians, 105
Bactria, 207
Cock, 173 sq.
Bed of Megapenthes, 53 Cocytus, River of Wailing, in
Bendis, Thracian moon-goddess,
Hades, 407
103, 309
Codrus, legendary king of Athens,
Biton, Cleobis and, 417
descended from Neleus, 351
Black Sea, 461
Collytus, deme of Athens, 333, 375,
Blepsias, fictitious name, 393
381 and note, 383
Boeotian stupidity, 137 ; Boeo-
Colophon, city in Asia Minor, N.-W.
tians, 425
of Ephesus, near which was a
Boreas, North Wind, 313, 387
famous temple of Apollo, at
Briareus, one of the three hundred-
Clarus, 133
handed sons of Heaven and Colossus of Rhodes, statue of HeUus
Earth who aided Zeus against
100 feet high, made by Chares of
the Titans, 151
Lindus. In 672 a.d. its remains
yielded the Arabs 900 camel-
Caeneus, 211 and note loads of bronze ; 107, 287 and
Callias, Athenian plutocrat, 81, note, 289
163, 353 and note Corinth^ 221
Cambyses, King of Persia, 425 Corinthians, 105
Caphereus, southern promontory of Corybantes, minor gods associated
Euboea, 113 in Phrygia with the worship of
Cappadocia, 313 Rhea (Cybele), 313, 371
Caria, 487 Crates, cynic philosopher, 213, 215
Cario, slave, 25 Crete, 159, 405 ; Cretans, 333
Caspian gates, pass south of Cas- Croesus, 79, 157, 219 sq., 225, 351,
pian Sea, confused with Cauca- 373, 415 sq.
sian gates by Lucian, 247 Croesus, son of, killed while hunt-
514
;
VlNDEX
ing, 77 and note', another son, a Diomed, 151
mute, 225, 455 and note Dion of Syracuse, banished by
Cronus, deposed from the kingship Dionysius the Younger in 466 B.C.
of the gods and confined in Tar- returned 460 B.C. and became
tarus by liis son Zeus, 71, 127, tyrant; assassinated 353 B.C.,
245 329 225, 485 and note
Cronus, son of (Zeus), 91, 199, 321, Dionysius the Younger, tyrant of
333 Syracuse 467-ca. 460 B.C., and
Cronus-day, 199 again 446-443 B.C., 221, 225
Croton, city in Magna Graecia, 211, Dionysus, 107, 121, 313 ;Dionysia,
413, 461 385
Cyclopes, assistants of the smith Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux), 213
Hephaestus, 347 Dodona, 175
Cyclops, the (Polyphemus), 31, 413 Downward Journey, the, 1-57
Cydimachus, fictitious name of Dream, the, or the Cock, 171-
tyrant, 19 239
Cyllenians, 155 Drimylus, fictitious name, 199, 201
Cyllenius (Hermes, born on Mt. Dromo, slave-name, 351
Cyllene in N.-E. Arcadia), 323,
399
Cynegirus, brother of Aeschylus, Earth, mother of the Titans, 245,
killed at Marathon, 137 259
Cynic philosophy personified, 461 Echecratides, father of Timon
sg. (fictitious ?), 333, 375, 383
Cyniscus, 15 sq., 61 sq. Egypt, 209, 309
Cynuria, district in Argos bordering Egyptians, 155, 297
on Lacedaemon, 299 and note Elatus, father of Caeneus, 211
cf. 445 Electra, 493
Cyrenaic philosophy personified, Eleusinian Mysteries, 43, 45 note
471 Eleven, the, Athenian police magis-
Cyrus the Great, 79, 157, 415, 425 trates, 81
Cyrus the Younger, 225 Elysian Fields, 83
Empedocles, philosopher, said to
Daedalus 219, 267, 273 have leaped into Aetna, 289-293
Damis, Epicurean philosopher (fic- Endymion, beloved of Artemis, 291
titious), 95 sq. Ephesus, 309, 473
Danae 93, 97, 341 cf. 373
; Ephialtes, 307 ; cf. 403
Danaids, 347 Epicurean atoms, 299
Danube, 405 Epicurean philosophy personified,
Darius, 169 485
Day, a goddess among the Ethio- Epicurus, 123
pians, 155 Epimenides, 333 and note
Dead, laments of the, 39 Erechtheis, one of the t«n Athenian
Death, 401, 413, 431 tribes, 381
Delphi, 133, 309, 373, 419, 421 Erinys (Tisiphone), 45 sq. v. note,
;
Delphians, 425 p. 45
Demeas, orator (fictitious), 381-387 Erymanthus, mountain in N.-W.
Demeter, 313, 345 Arcadia, 285
Democritus, 473, note ; philosophy Ethiopia, 427
of, personified, 475 sq. Ethiopians, 147, 155, 261
Demosthenes, 113, 125 Euclides, 10, 11 note
Deucalion, 329 cf. 331
; Eucrates, fictitious name, 187 sq.,
Diasia, 309 and note, 333 237
Diogenes the Cynic, 15 note. 449, Euphorbus, hero of the Iliad, 179,
461 note, 467 note 197, 203 sq., 215
5T5
;
INDEX
Eaphranor, Corinthian sculptor Hermes, 3 sq., 91 sq., 151, 177, 231,
and painter, 4th century B.C., 243 sq., 259, 305, 313, 323, 333
101 sq., 397 sq., 451 sq.
Euripides, 77, 91, 93, 141, 153, 201, Hermodorus, fictitious Epicurean,
213, 327, 373, 467, 469 295, 313
Europa, 93 Herodotus, 77, 79, 121, 169, 205
Eurystheus, King of Tiryns, pre- note, 415 note, 417 notes, 427 note
scribed the twelve labours of Herophilus, fictitious Cynic, 295
Heracles, 123 Hesiod, 61, 245, 257, 315
Hipponicus, 353 and note
Homer, 31, 61, 63, 65, 91, 101, 105,
Fates, the, 63 sq., 429 sq.
111, 119, 143, 147, 149, 151, 159,
161, 175, 185, 189, 197, 201, 205,
Galato, painter, 413 note 207, 225, 247, 281, 263, 271, 283,
Ganymede, 121, 271, 315 287, 289, 297. 301, 305, 307, 311,
Geraestus, in southern Euboea, 315, 317, 319, 321, 365, 403, 405,
125 407, 409, 411, 413, 415, 427, 437,
Geraneia, mountains in Megarid, 441, 443
285 Horus, 209
Getae 297 Hours, 141
Giants, 95, 257, 321 ; cf. 331 Hydra, 123, 137
Glycerium, concubine, 25 Hymettus, mountain E. of Athens,
Gnathonides, toady, 377 sq. 285, 333
Gnipho, stock name for an usurer, Hyperbolus, dealer in lamps, Athe-
nian demagogue, 361
35, 235, 393, 497
Gobares, fictitious Persian, 13
Goches, unknown Assyrian, 81 lapetus, one of the Titans, 245
Graces 197 ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN,
Greece' 287, 299, 307, 313, 388
267-323
;
Greeks, Icarus, 219, 267 ; Icarian Sea, 273

Greek language, 109 ;
India, 287 ; Indian ants, 205
121, 169
Indopates, fictitious name, 43
Ionia, 405
Hades (Pluto), 63, 83, 397, 441 ; Irus. the beggar of the Odyssey, 441
(Hell), 139 Isis 209
Halys, river dividing Lydia from Isles of the Blest, 49, 83
Persia, 79, 121, 157 Italy, 209, 405
Harpies, 347
Heaven (Uranus), 259 Laches, 393
Hecate, 15 and note Laconian Sea, 35
Hecuba, wife of Priam, 207 Lacydes. fictitious name, 17
Helen, 207 Laius, King of Thebes, father of
Helicon, seat of the Muses, moun- Oedipus, 77
tain in S. Boeotia, 129 Lamp Megapenthes, 53 sq.
of
HeUus, the Sun, 107, 177, 179, 262, Laomedon, father of Priam, King
303 315 of Troy. 71
Hephaestus, 71, 177, 179, 243 sq., Lethe, 437 water of, 3, 55, 389
;
397 Leto, 151

Hera, 93 sg., 259 Libya, 295, 313, 425
Heracles, 107, 121, 123, 137 sq., Lycoreus, village at the foot of
175, 207, 265, 313, 405, 465 Lycoreia, one of the peaks of
Heraclitus, 281, 473 note; philo- Parnassus, 329
sophy of, personified, 475 sq. Lydia, 133, 313, 405, 415, 421 ; the
Heramithras, fictitious name, 43 Lydian (Croesus), 157, 425
Hermagoras, 139 sq. v. note, 139
; Lydians, 21, 423
S'6
INDEX
Lynceus, the keen-eyed pilot of Mycenae, 443
the Argo, 289, 411 Myrmidons, a Thessalian folk
Lysimachus, general of Alexander, turned from ants into men by
later King of Thrace, 293 Zeus to re-people the land after
Lysippus, of Sicyon, sculptor, con- a pestilence, 301
temporary of Alexander, 105, 107 Myron, sculptor in bronze, some-
what older than Phidias, 101,
Maea, son of (Hermes), 249, 399 103, 223
Maeandrius 427 Mysians, 287
Marathon, district in N.-E. Attica,
299 battle of, 137
;
Neanthes of Cyzicus, 325 note
Massagetae, Scythian tribe, 425 Nemean Uon, slain by Heracles,
Media, 13 Medes, 415
;
137
Megabyzus, high-sounding name, Nestor, 381
351 Night, 303
Megacles, high-sounding name, 351 Nine-spouts (Enneacrunus), foun-
Megapenthes, type of tyrant, 17 sq. tain in Athens, near the Odeum,
Megara, 13, 279 also called Callirhoe, 391
Megillus, of Corinth, rich and hand- Nineveh, 443
some, 43 Niobe, 501
Meletus, one of the prosecutors of Nireus, famous for his beauty (//. 2,
Socrates, 81 671 351
sq.),
Memphis, in Egypt, 155 Notus (South Wind), 313
Men, Phrygian god, 103 Nymphs, 101
Menander, 169 note
Menelaus, 205, 207
Meaippus, 59 note, 89 note, 241 note, Oceanus, 101, 147
267 note, 309 note, 449 note ; inter- Odysseus, 351, 437
locutor in Icaromenippus, 269 sq. Oenoe, deme in district of Mara-
Metapontum, in S. Italy, 211 thon, 209
Metrodorus of Athens, pupil and Oeneus, King of Aetolia, father of
friend of Epicurus, 123 Meleager, 151
Mlcyllus, cobbler (fictitious), 31 sq., Oeta, mountain range N. of Boeotia,
171 sq. 407, 409
Midas, King of Phrygia, 187, 373 Olympia, 125, 309, 331, 383;
Midas, a slave, 23 Olympic games, 189, 311, 329,
Midias, rich and influential Athe- 387, 433
nian, personal enemy of Demos- Olympieion, 309 and note
thenes, 81, 163 Olympus, mountain in N.-E. Thes-
Miletus, 211, 213 saly, 285, 403
Milo of Croton, famous for his great Orestes, 493
strength, fl. ca. 510 B.C., 413 Oreus, 125
Miltiades, victor of Marathon, 137 Oroetes, satrap of Sardis, 427
Minos of Crete, son of Zeus, judge Ossa, mountain in Magnesia, 403,
in the lower world, 83 405
Mithras, Persian sun-god, 103 Othryadas, 445
Mnesarchus, father of Pythagoras, Otus, 307 V. 403
;
179, 181, 205

Mnesitheus, ship-captain (fictitious), Painted Porch (Stoa Poecile), 115,
113 139, 305, 323
Momus, son of Night, personifica- Pan, 313, 373
tion of carping criticism, 119 sq., Pangaeum, mountain in Paeonia,
319 rich in gold and sUver, 299
Moon (Selene), 285 sq., 301 sq. Panthous, Trojan elder, father of
Muses, 129, 315 Eupiiorbus, 197, 207
517
INDEX
Parmenio, general of Alexander, Pnyx, hill facing the Acropolis,
225 where the Athenian folk assem-
Parnassus, 403, 407, 409 bled, 107
Parnes, mountain in N. Attica, Polus, actor, 95 and note, 153
285 Polyclitus, sculptor, younger con-
Patroclus, 207 temporary and rival of Phidias,
Pelion, mountain in Magnesia, 103
403, 405 Polycrates of Samos, 427
Peloponnese, 299, 445 Potters' Quarter (Ceramicus), 115,
Pelusium, city in lower Egypt, on 323
the E. mouth of the Nile, 155 Poseidon, 71, 105, 125 sq., 223, 315
Pentelicus, mountain in Attica, 411
N.-E. of Athens, 105 Poverty, personified, 341 sq., 359 sq.
Perdiccas, general of Alexander, Praxiteles, sculptor (4th century
225 B.C.), 105, 223
Pergamos, 309 Prometheus, the, 241-265
Pericles, 211, 337, 339 note Prometheus, 71, 93, 241 sq.
Peripatetic philosophy personified, Protarchus, high-sounding name,
503 sq. 351
Perseus, 499 Protesilaus, 397
Persia, 287, 373, 423 ; Persians, Prytaneum, town-hall of Athens,
109, 121, 155, 221, 415 247 and note
Phaethon, 330 rtclemy (Soter), 225, (Philadel-
Phales, god of the Cyllenians, 155 phu3), 293
Pharos, island off Alexandria, Pyriphlegethon, River of Burning
famous for its lighthouse, 287 Fire, 55, 407
Phidias, 101, 103, 223; descendants Pyrrhias, slave-name, 351, 507 and
of (hereditary cleansers of the note
statue of Zeus at Olympia), 307 P^Trho, 313, 507 note
Philiades, toady, 379, 381 Pythagoras, 171 note, 179 sq., 203 sq.
Philip, of Macedon, 113 213, 215
Philosophies for Sale, 449-511 Pythagorean philosophy personi-
Phineus, King of Salmydessus in fied, 451 sq.
Thrace, persecuted by the
Harpies for blinding his sons, 347 Rhadamanthus, brotlier of Minos,
Phocians, 425 judge in the lower world, 27 sq.
Phocion, of Athens, general and Rhea, son of Cronus and (Zeus),
statesman, elder contemporary 199, 333
of Demosthenes, 81, 163 Rhodians, 107
Phoenicians, 269, 297 Rhodochares, spendtlirift (ficti-
Pholoe, plateau between Elis and tious) 35
Arcadia, 285 Rhoeteum, promontory on Helles-
Phrygia, lad of, Ganymede, 271 pont, 443
Phrygians, 155 Riches personified (Plutus, god of
Phryne, courtesan, famous for her Wealth), 337 sq.
beauty, 4tli century B.C., 43
Pindar, 111, 187, 315 and note, 373 Sabazius, Thracian god, sometimes
and note identified with Dionysus, 313
Piraeus, port of Athens, 113 Salamis, 121
Pisidians, 21 Salmoneus, son of Aeolus, imitated
Pityocamptes (" Pine-bender "), the thunder and hghtning, and
conquered by Theseus, 123 was hurled down to Hades by
Plato. 311, 479 note, 481, 483 note, Zeus with a thunderbolt, 327,
485 note 329
Pluto, 3, 5 note, 9 note, 349, 401 Samos, 155, 179, 181, 213
5i«
INDEX
Sardanapalus, King of Assyria, 81, Telephus, son of Heracles and Auge,
163, 443 exposed in infancy, found his
Sardis, 415 Sardian, the (Croesus),
; mother in Mysia, and became
157 King of Mysia, 227
Satyrus, actor, friend of Demos- Tellus of Athens, 417
thenes, 153 Theagenes, philosopher, 13 and note
Sceptic philosophy personified, Theatre (of Dionysus at Athens),
505 sq. 285
Sciron, robber who controlled the Thebes, 265
pass from the Isthmus of Corinth Themis, personification of law and
into Attica, slain by Theseus, order, 119
123 Themistocles, 121 note, 135
ScyUa, 411 Theognis, 355
Scythia,313; Scyths, 109, 155,247, Thersites, 441
295, 297, 425 Theseus, 123, 207
Seleucus Nicator, general of Alex- Thesmopolis, philosopher (ficti-
ander, 225, 293 tious), 191 sq.
Semele, mother, by Zeus, of Diony- ThessaUans, 301
sus, 93 Thetis, 151, 265 ; son of (Achilles)
Sicily, 405, 473 441
Sicyon, city W. of Corinth, 299 Thrace, 309 ; Thracians, 109, 155,
Sigeum, promontory in Troas, 443 287, 295
Silenus, 315 Thracian mares, man-eating, be-
Simiche, courtesan, 43 longing to Diomed, killed by
Simon, cobbler (tictitious), 199 sq., Heracles, 123
229 Thrasycles, philosopher (fictitious),
Simonides, patronymic assumed by 387—393
Simon, 201 and note Tibius, slavo-name, 233, 351
Skens, 437 Timocles, Stoic (tictitious), 95 sq.
Sirius, the dog-star, 481 Timon of Athens, 325 note, 327 sq.,
Sisyphus, founder and King of 363 sq.
Corinth, reno\vned for his roguery Timon, or the Misaxthrope,
and punished in Hades by being 325-393
compelled to roll a heavy stone Tiresias, blina prophet of Thebes,
up-hill, 87, 227 211 and note, 213 and note
Socrates, 81, 163, 247 note, 281, Tisiphone, 45 sq.
479 note Titans, 95 cf. 307, 331, 387
; ;the
Solon of Athens, 415 sq. Titan (Prometheus) 243, 265
Sosylus, a groom, 233 Tityus, assaulted Leto, punished in
Spartans, 297, 299, 383, 387, 445 the underworld by being pegged
Spatinus the Mede, unknown, 295 out on the ground while two
Stoic philosophy personified, 487 sq. vultures tore at his liver, 83
Stymphalian birds, wliich infested Tomyris, 425
L. Stymphalus in Arcadia and Treasure, personified, 337, 359, 371
were killed by Heracles, 123 Treasury, at Athens, the rear-
Syracusans, 225 chamber ('jTricrtôô/Lios) of the
Parthenon, 387
Taenarus, 9 and note Triton, 387
Tantalus, 57, 83, 87, 345, 429 Troezen. 123
Tarentum, 211, 461 Troy, 2U5, 207, 443, 445
Tartarus, place of punishment in Twelve Gods, 127
the underworld, 71, 321
Taurians, 157 Walks, of the Lyceum, near Athens,
Taygetus, mountain-range in W. where the Peripatetics held forth,
Lacedaemon, 285 305
519
INDEX
Xanthus, horse of Achilles, 175 199, 223, 247 sg., 269 sq., 327 sq.
397, 399, 401, 451 sq., statue at
Zamolxis, Thracian. returned to Olympia, 331 and note
Thrace after being a slave to Zeus Catechized, 59-87
Pythagoras in Samos. taught his Zeus Rants, 89-169
countrymen and was deified after Zeuxis. famous painter, latter half
his death. 155 of 5th century B.C., 387
Zeus, 5, 61 sq., 91 sq., 173, 175, 197, Zopyrus, Persian, 169
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;.

Very Reverend H. Carr, C.S.B.

LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN

NEW YORK G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS

but upon photographs of V for the one tradition,

to note variations from the text of Jacobitz. A

will need no further explanation ; r indicates that a

impossible to translate adequately that it has been

capital emendation on page 180.

THE DOWNWARD JOCRNEY, OR THE TYRANT 1

^ THE DREAM, OR THE COCK I'l

ICAROMENIPPUS, OR THE SKY-MAN 267

\^ TIMON, OR THE MISANTHROPE 325

V CHARON, OR THE INSPECTORS 395

• PHILOSOPHIES FOR SALE . , 9 t 449

long ago. There is not a passenger aboard the ferry-

the boys or playing a tune on the lyre or making

Kol ravra i^ i)fxi(jeia<^ rjfxerepo^ cov,

SecTTTo^eLv KOivov KTr]fjLaTO<;, iirel ovSe rjfiei^; irore

ovpavM (paiBpa irdvra Kal tj re d/jL/Spoaia iroWrf

BpifjLv ivopMvra Kal tou? dWov<; iiTLCTTrevBovra.

ovx opa<; Be Kal rov ^JLpjuPp avTov IBpcori, peop^evov

us there is nothing but asphodel and libations and

the last moment, slowly and afoot.

close by, you see, bringing us a lot of people, or I

There is a man in fetters among them and another

daOfiajo^; avrqy to arofia. ri javja, w

vdpLevo^, linXeKoiiTOTO^ V^l

o5to9, ^vXov, (Tvv7]pyv(^6 fioL Kov (jvXXa-

beg and entreat, wanting to be let go for a little

T€TTapa<;, ct)9 6pa<;, 77/309 Tot? 'X^CkiOi'^ e%6i to

(T€ 7} "ArpoTTOf;.^^ i<ya> he epvOpidaa^; irpb^ rov

\6<yov Ta%ea)9 virepivrjaOriv rcov Kara ttjv ohov,

promiscuous, Hermes, in plying your thievery ; be

speedily recalled what had happened on the way^

that was all he lacked of escaping.

and sit by the gangway as usual, and as each of them

* Aeacus is the "collector of customs" (CAarcwi 2). The

of the entrances to Hades

At", eVel dcTTacj^iBe^

rov-roi,, S, EpM, -napa-

yaye J -P"-" --- -'^"^^ ^^"'

and as you do so, pack and stow them. Hermes,

1 Literally, "before Euclid," the Athenian archon of 403

pass you. Eiglity-four should have died in battle

KvvLa/co<;, ov eSei r^9 "EArar?;? rb SeciTvov (payovTa

KX(oo-a<;. KatTOL iroXXdKL^ iireipdOi^v to vf/fia

SiaKoyjra^; iXOelv, dXX' ovk oIS' 6ttco<; dpprjKTOV

"^(popov (T€ Kal laTpov elvai tcjv dvOpcoinvcov

^ Kol yap TcOvaffi Schmieder : yap redyaai koI MSS.

tried to cut the thread and come, but somehow or

^ The dinner of Hecate (mentioned also in Dialogues

tioned because Diogenes is said to have died from eating

MTjSafMm, w SiaTTOtva K\co6ol, aXXd /xe tt/K)?

iroXvv %/)oi^oi/, w Mofc/:>a, «tTW- fiiav^

irepl t&v XpT^/^arwi', evOa

earth for a little while. Then I'll come of my own

i^V'^ec Toi xpovos V&'l ^^' KTr,cem.

easy-going to put to death before I died ?

and a little more, taking over your concubines and

they are of refined gold and weigh a hundred talents

speedy return. If you wish, I'll even surrender you

^ at €lK6yes Fritzsche : cIkSvcs MSS.