///Top-5 Guess Papers ¥/Easy Answers ¥ Simple Steps Birt) All £ 30% ©. Tension Reliever! TOP 5 Model Papers oR ypers Syllabus Confidence Booster!! Triple B (BBB) Pa a yas Pa ea) SRI PUBLISHERSQL:Find the Volv Vern ne of Sphere (brass /ste £ Callipers. Hence find its mass, using [For Brass, density do8.4 g/ec, for Steel d=7.9 glee) IMED 1 oot Noo VED” 10 * Using V.C, Half diameter of sphere radiusr em * Vernier Callipers LC=: * Volume of the sphere V * Mass of Q2,3: Find the volunve of glass p ng Screw Vernier Callipers, AMD tim . 613 Loo MD gt Vernier Calipers Lom oa Phd heer HH 6 (9 o Screw Gauge Lice Mahal amen = =0,001cm, + Using V.C, glass plate length / cm & breadth=b cm + Using $.G, glass plate thickness = hem * Volume of the glass plate Vebxbxh (em?) + Using V.C, Cylinder length = /em + Using $.G, Cylinder radius = rem * Volume of the Cylinder Vorr2/(em3) physical balance, determine the volume of the body. (Given density 0.8 gee) HRP -ZRP) (HRP=LRP) Z.R.P = Zero Resting Point (divisions) L.RP = Lower Resting Point (divisions) HLR.P = Higher Resting Point (divisions) + !vlass m=Mass of body at HRP+Fraction of mass * Volume V=mxd (cm?) 06,78: F tion due to gravity(g) &% error using Simple pendulum. Draw HT? graph + For various lengths(/) of pendulum, find Time 001m ssand * Fraction of the mass p = 001 ccele L periods(T) . ene find Average = + Acceleration due to gravity g'= 472 + Ag=g'-g; e980 cm/s? * Percentage error=48x100% & 09,10: Verify Boyle's law using Boyle's apparatus / ‘Quill tube apparatus. + Tabulate various lengths(/) and their Pressures. (P) on the enclosed air column. * Verification: Px L= constant Q11,12:Verify the Parall find weight of the stone in air and relative density ofthe given body, E My “i toe * Verification ()0C-OD (i) ZCOD=180" Please Buln PA GICO Rinysicsparacticalpon followgthe, latestjrevised)practical¢: + J unit Seale = 50 gm | Weight of the stone in air wy OCx Seale (g), | + wyeWeight of body in air, w2>Weight in water i mle » Relative density of the body d= Relative di fthe body d angle law of forces and hence (13,14Verity te a Ht ind volume of the find weight of th stone + Wights in hanger = P.O, Rin g + Lengths of corresponding sides = pr in em K pat + Weight of the stone inair w=—xr + wy Weight of stone in air (g) * Verification: Wy Weight of stone in water (g) + Volume of the stone Vow -W 15: Find the force constant of the spring (k) +My, Mp are masses, T,, T2 are Time periods # Force constant wae EH (dyne / em) a7 | om 16,171 the coefficient of apparent expansion (Y4) & Coefficient of real expansion(y,) of the given liquid using specific gravity bottle. + Mass of empty bottle = W, g *Att,°C, (Mass of bottlet liquid) = Wg *Att;°C,(Mass of bottletremaining liquid)=W, g «Temperature difference =ty-t, * pparent expansion yea etn -W-) * Coefficient of real expansion %,= Yat Yy=¥g*30. QI8:Find the specific heat of the given solid by using principle of method of mixtures. * Specific heat so™ 184 + (2 — Wy 82 Kt — ty) Gory Q1% Determine the surface tension of water by capillary rise method. + Height of water in capillary tube = hem + Using travelling Microscope, radius of bore =r cm + Known density of water d=1 gm/ce « Acceleration due to gravity g= 980 cm/s? + rns ein TE (pent Q20,21,22,23: Find the focal length of cone | by e-vmethod & wy graph (or (V1) graph | Find focaltength of conventeas by w-v method & | wvgraph (or) (1/1) graph «+ Distance of object from mirror = u.cm + Distance of image from mirror = v em t= @n ue * Focal length of the concaveQU:Find the Volume of Sphere (brass /steel using +1 unit Scale = 50 gm : Vernier Callipers. Hence find its mas + Weight of the stone in air w,=OCx Scale (g); For Brass, density d=8.4 g/cc, for Stee! + =Weight of body in air, w.=Weight in water. “1 IMSD __ 1 001m wi 2 Noof VSD ~ 10 + Using V.C, Half diameter of sphere= radius=rem + Vernier Callipers Le: + Relative density of the body d= 13,14:Verify the triangle law of forces and hence Onin vain of the stone in air and volume of the stone. + Mass of the spherem=Vxd(g) + Wights in hanger = P,Q, Ring (Q2.3: Find the volume of glass plateand volume ofthe | « Lengths of corresponding sides = p.qjr in em cylinder using Screw Gauge, Vernier Callipers. + Vernier Callipers Lc=!S2__1™ 9 01.an Noo VSD 10 ; _Phho tee 199 99 1m + Setew Gauge Le= Nosy 00.0016 + w)= Weight of stone in air (g) Using V.C, glass plate length=/ cm & breadth=b cm ‘Weight of stone in water (g) * Using S.G, glass plate thickness = hem + Volume ofthe stone V=Ww)-W> + Volume of the glass plate V=bxbxh (em?) Q15: Find the force constant ofthe spring (K) + Using V.C, Cylinder length + Mj, Mp are masses, T), Tp are Time periods + Using S.G, Cylinder radius=rem mer * Volume of the Cylinder V=nr2l(cm}) * Force constant K =4x7 em 4s:Using physica balance determine the massand | 914 s7.:ng eh cocientof Sven cxpansion (4) Mila aan aliemotasbocdntae & Coefficient of real expansion(y,) of the given HRP=ZRP) 0.91 liquid using specific gravity bottle. CARP- LRP) + Mass of empty bottle = W, g Z.RP = Zero Resting Point (divisions) “Atty C, (Mass of bottles liquid) = Wg LRP =Lower Resting Point (divisions) + Att;"C,(Mass of bottle+remaining liquid)=W; g. HRP = Higher Resting Point (divisions) STampentine airaace ot * Massm=Mass of body at HRP+ Fraction of mass oh wy. * Volume V=mxd (m3) * Cocificient of apparent expansions (6.7.8: Find acceleration due to gravity(g) &% error i clog Shap peed Deo ce + Coefficient of real expansion ¥,= Yq*¥g=¥q*30. + For various lengths(/) of pendulum, find Time | Q18:Find the specific heat ofthe given solid by using principle of method of mixtures. + Volume of the sphere vada (om?) + Veril + Weight of the stone inair w =—xr (dyne /em) * Fraction of the mass p = 1 periods(T) . Hence find Average * Specific heat L Acceleration due to gravity & -(5) List Wp wisp —0) (ay, = (w3~w3Xty-t) be . = =¢ 2 sa=s-8:e-s80en/s Determine the surface tension of water by + Percentage error=48 100%: capillary rise method. g * Height of water in capil Ei Q9,10:Verify Boyle’s law using Boyle's apparatus/ | 7 pancaence rede pees ‘Quill ube apparatus. tects , : ity of water d=1 gm/ce + Tabulate various lengths(?) and their Pressures | 170% e 2 eee Acceleration due to gravity g= 980 cms * Verification: Px L= constant » Surface tension T=" (dye/an) Q11,12:Verify the Parallelogram law offorees and} 59 5499.93; Find the focaiten bide Sitges ee 2 igth of concave mirror find weight of the stone in air and relative density Dy wv method & wv graph (or)(Lie_1¥) graph ofthe given body. Find focal length of convex ens by u-v method & ‘crification u-v graph (or) (1/a—1/V) graph (0C-0D < + Distance of object from mirror = u em Gi) ZCOD=180° + Distance of image from mirror = v cm + Focal length of the concave mirror Pleaserfollow the,latestjrey: isedypractical; syllabus. ay . « eloSENIOR INTER @P) PHYSICS P) MADE EASY \am, gpECIALLY wade FOR YOU SRI PUBLISHERS MACHILIPATNAM Email: bulletbabystar@ gmail. com Facebook: Bullet Baby Star Youtube Channel: BulletIntermediate - SECOND YEAR PHYSICS: Minimum Learning Revision Material Total Pages. 72 + iv Edition: 2021 Copies: 6,000 Price: 70 /- Publishing & Marketing : SRL PUBLISHERS, MACHILIPATNAM - $21 001 Printed at: SRI SIRI PUBLISHERS, 5-30, Jakkampudi, K.T.Road, Vijayawada-521012 Title Design: MSR Graphics, Machilipatnam For Postal Copies, please contact 08672-223030, 9247878964 (Offic For Online copies, please visit : www.srisiripublishers.com For Bulk Orders, Please Contact our Area Managers: * E.G, W.G, Vizag, Vizianagaram, Srikakulam : 9246778431 © Warangal, Khammam, Komarambheem, Karimnagar, Peddapalli, Mancherial : 9246778432 © Medak, Siddipet, Adilabad, Vikarabad, Sangareddy, Rajanna Siricilla, : 9246778433 Nizamabad, Nirmal, Kamareddy * Prakasam, Nellore, Chittoor, Kadapa, Kurnool, Anantapur : 9246778434 © Krishna, Guntur, Hyderabad, Nalgonda, Mahabubnagar, Rangareddy 9246778435 © Copy rights reserved by the Publishers. 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TD Fair Disclaimer: The Publishers disclums the use of any content taken from any source in any pattern as such content is used for Education Purpose only" without involving amy sort of Advertisement Purpose All disputes subject to Machilipatmam Jurisdiction omly E&OE 1. This ‘Bullet Baby Book’ is prepared keeping inview of the needs of Pass Aspirants 2. This is a ‘Minimum Learning Reivision Material ‘ useful for Pass Aspirants, 3. This Booklet contains mostly the ‘previous IPE questions’ 4. Most of the Answers are ‘reduced or simplified’ to make them ' read easy ‘ and ' wirte easy’ 5. The Answers are written as per the ‘guidelines of Scheme of Valuation 6. But one ‘should not expect full marks’ for each and every Bullet Answer. 7. Various features such as Hit List , Selection of Q's & orderly arrangement of sections, Bullet Baby Chit Chats, Bullet Model Paper, Mode! Guess Papers etc are prepared just keeping in view of the needs of Pass Aspirants. 8. Bullet Baby Chit Chats. various captions or comments are written for motivation purpose only ‘Taking them as granted is disclaimed 9. General Expectation of Marks from this Baby Bullet Book is around 50% 10.However, any Expectation in Marks or Number of Questions is disclaimed2021 new IPE BLUE PRINT .- SR PHYSICS Pe NP CHAPTER(Total Marks) | | Waves (8) | Ray Optics (6) Wave Optics (4) Electric Charges and Fields(4) | VSAQ(2m) SAQ(4m) |LAQ(em) | Total | Marks 6. | Current Electricity (8) 7% Moving Charges & Magnetism (6) | 2 eee 8. | Magnetism and Matter (4) ae | - eae 9. | Electromagnetic Induction (4) 7 4 Bala 410. | Alternating Current (2) (Eerie aie 11, | Blectromregrnies Waves(2) ee S 2 12. | Dual Nature of Radiation(4) | 242 Pome (uaa | | 13. | atoms(a) eeu 4 = ce es ee 15. | Semiconductor Electronics(6) | 2 | 6 Communication System(2) AP MAR-20 | TS MAR-20 IPE TRENDS FROM BULLET BABY B00! AP MAR-19 | TS MAR-19 3-416 Marks | 3-> 16 Marks 3-+16 Marks | 3-16 Marks 7 24 Marks 7 24 Marks 8+ 16 Marks | | 8» 16 Marks 7 24Marks | 7-24 Marks 10-+ 20 Marks 8 16 Marks 56 Marks 56 Marks 60 Marks | 56 MarksCHAPTER-WISE 30% DELETED PORTION CHAPTER 1. WAVES 2. RAY OPTICS & OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS WAVE OPTICS _ ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS MAGNETISM AND MATTER 10. ALTERNATING CURRENT 14, NUCLEI DELETED PORTION Doppler Effect and its two situations Reflection of light by spherical mirrors, the mirror equation, Scattering of light reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset and blue colours of sky. | Diffraction: Resolving power of optical instruments (microscope & astronomical telescope) Polarisation: Polarisation of reflection (Brewster's law), Plane Polarized Light (uses) Polaroids. Polarization by scattering. Application of Gauss's law: Field due to uniformly charged thin spherical shel! (field inside and outside) jour code for ¢ ‘carbon resistors, series and paraltel combinations of resistors. Cyclotron Magnetic fieid intensity due to a magnet dipole (Bar magnet) aiong its axis and Perpendicular to its axis (Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid), the dipole ina uniform magnet field. Magnetic properties of matenals (Para, dia and ferro) and its | examples permanent magnets & electromagnet. Power in AC circuit-The power factor, wattles current Radio activity (alpha, beta and gamma particles and their properties) Law of radio active decay, half life and mean life of a Radioactive material, Binding energy per p id ts with mass number, Purpose of P-N junction diode iu 1. Zener diode and their charactenstics; 2. Zener diode as a voitage regulators,1, LAQ CHAPTERS pe (8 Marks) CURRENT ELECTRICITY (8 Marks) TNuctet ~ (@Marks) i. SAQ CHAPTERS + RAYOPTICS (4 Marks) =) WAVE OPTICS F (4 Marks) ELECTRIC CHARGES &FIELDS —_(4 Marks) "ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL (4 Marks) “| MovIN | CHARGES AND MAGNETISM (4 Marks) | ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION (4 Marks) 10. | ATOMS (4 Marks) | SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS _ (4 Marks) lll. VSAQ CHAPTERS — | Ray OPTICS (2Marks) | MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM (2 Marks) | 14: | MAGNETISM AND MATTER (2s2 Marks) | 18. | ALTERNATING CURRENT (2Marks) | ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (2 Marks) | DUALNATURE OF RADIATION (242 Marks) B. | SEMICONDUCTOR (Marks) 2. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM (2 Marks) IV. STAR GUN SHOT PROBLEMS V. STAR QUESTIONS PLUS Vi. BULLET MODEL PAPER Vil. 5 MODEL GUESS PAPERS )\us The Chapters are Renumbered as per VSAQ, SAO, LAO divisionEEE rear rereeeeerererereae eee rere ees a ere aver ee *SR.PHYSICS BABY BULLET-Q(AP) * 6 LLAQ HIT LIST ) TOP 7LAQ & & & WAVES [8 MARKS] * * © LAQ 1. _ Explain the formation of stationary waves in an air column [oP 120) | enclosed in open pipe. Derive the equations for the frequencies of the harmonics produced. LAQ 2. How are stationary waves formed in closed pipes ? Explain the [oP 132) ] various modes of vibration and obtain relations for their frequencies. LAQ 3. _ Explain the formation of stationary waves in stretched strings and IeP 148) | hence deduce the laws of transverse waves in stretched strings. * & * CURRENT ELECTRICITY| 8 MARKS]* * * LAQ 4. State Kirchoff's law for an electrical network. Using these laws la P 16(4)] deduce the condition for balance in a Wheatstone bridge. LAQ 5. _ State the working principle of potentiometer. Explain with the lo P 1765)] help of circuit-diagram how the emf of two primary cells are compared by using the potentiometer. LAQ 6, State the working principle of potentiometer. Explain with the la P 18(6)| help of circuit diagram how the potentiometer is used to determine the internal resistance of the given primary cell & & * NUCLEI 8 MARKS) * LAQ 7. Explain the principle and working of a nuclear reactor with the leP 197) help of a labelled diagram.SAQL, SAQ2, SAQ3. SAQ4, SAQS. SAQE. SAQ7. SAQB. SAQ9. * SR.PHYSICS SAQ 10. SAQ IL. SAQ 12. SAQ 13. SAQ 14. SAQ 1S. SAQ 16. SAQ 17. SAQ 18. SAQ19. SAQ20. SAQ21. SAQ 22. SAQ23. SAQ24. 4 KRAY OPTICS[ 4 MARKS]* * * Define critical angle. Explain total internal reflection using a neat diagram. Explain the formation of a mirage. Why does the setting sun appear red ? With a neat labelled diagram explain the formation of image in.a simple microscope. 4 -& KWAVE OPTICS [4 MARKS]* * * Explain Doppler effect in light. Distinguish between red shift and blue shift. Derive the expression for the intensity at a point where interference of light occurs. Does the principle of conservation of energy hold for interference and diffraction pheriomena? Explain briefly + * KELECTRIC CHARGES& FIELDS[ 4 MARKS]* * * ‘State and explain Coulomb's law in electricit : ‘State Gauss’ law in electrostatics and explain its importance. ‘Derive the equation for the couple acting on an electric dipole in a uniform electri field. Define intensity of electric field at a point. Derive an expression for the intensity due to a point charge. Derive an expression for the intensity of the electric field at a point on the axial plane of an electric dipole. + KELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL[ 4 MARKS] * Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor. Derive the formula for equivalent capacitence when the capacitors are in series. Derive the formula for equivalent capacitence when the capacitors are in parallel. Derive an expression for the electric potential due to a point charge. + KMOVING CHARGES[ 4 MARKS]* * State & explain Biot-Savart law. State and explain Ampere's law. Derive an expression for the magnetic induction at the centre of a current carrying circular coil using Biot-Savart law. ‘& & XELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION[ 4 MARKS] * * * Deseribe the ways in which Eddy currents are used to advantage. eK ATOMS[ 4 MARKS) * ‘What are the limitations of Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom ? Explain the different types of spectral series of Hydrogen atom. & & *SEMICONDUCTORS[ 4 MARKS] * * * Define NAND and NOR gates. Give their truth tables. Write the truth table of NAND gate. How does it differ from AND gate ? Explain the operation of a NOT gate and give its truth table. Ans-Page To? 228 la P 22(9)] la P 23(10)] fa-P 23(11)] [oP 24(12)) [oP 25(14)| [oP 25(15)] [oP 26(16)] [oP 26(17)| [oP 26(18)) [oP 27119) [oP 27(20) [oP 29(22)] [a P 30(23)] [oP 30(24)] [oP 31(25)] [oP 3330) [oP 300] [oP 3433)] [oP 3534) [oP 3738) [a P.37@9)) [oP 39¢42)] [oP 39(43)] La P 39(44)]* SR.PHYSICS BABY BULLET-Q(AP) * ‘ & RAY OPTICS[2 MARKS] * * * VSAQ I. What is dispersion? Which colour gets relatively more dispersed ? {ar P 42(47)) VSAQ2. What is myopia ? How can it be corrected ? lar P 42(48)) VSAQ3. What is hypermetropia? How can it be corrected ? [ar P 42(49)1 [oP 42(51)] VSAQ4. _ Define !power' ofa convex lens. What is its unit ? VSAQS. _Assmall angled prism of 4° deviates a ray through 2.48°. Find the refractive [oP 51(103)} index of the prism. 4 & * MOVING CHARGES[2 MARKS] * * * VSAQ6. Distinguish between ammeter and voltmeter. La P 4353) YSAQ7. How do you convert a moving coil galvanometer into an ammeter? la P 43054)] VSAQS. eee lor P 43655)) \VSAQ9. — Whatis the principle of a moving coil galv: 1? lar P 43(S6)] VSAQ 10. Whatis the importance of I iment ? [oP 44(58)] VSAQ 11. A circular coil of radius r having N tums carries a current i, What is la P 44(60)] its magnetic moment? 44 k MAGNETISM & MATTER[2+2 MARKS] * VSAQ 12. Define magnetic inclination or angle of dip. la P 45(62)] VSAQ13. Define magnetic declination. [a P 45(63)] VSAQ 14. What happens to compass needles at the Earth's pole ? la P 45(65)] VSAQ 15. Magnetic lines form continuous closed loops. Why ? [a P 45(66)] VSAQ 16. What is the magnetic moment associated with a solenoid ? loP 45(67)) VSAQI7. What are units of magnetic moment, magnetic induction and magnetic field? ||P 45(68)| VSAQ I8. Define Magnetic susceptibility. Mention its unit. la P 45(64)| 4k * ALTERNATING CURRENT[2 MARKS] * # + VSAQ 19. What is the phenomenon involved in the working of a transformer? la P 46(69)| VSAQ 20. What type of transformer is used in a 6 V bed lamp? i lo P 46(70)} VSAQ21. What is transfé io? lo P 46(71)} YSAQ 22, Write the expression for the reactance of (i) an inductor (i) a capacitor. la-P 46(73)) VSAQ23. What is the phase difference between AC emf and AC current in the [oP 46(74)) following :Pure resistor, pure inductor and pure capacitor* SR.PHYSICS fo} BABY BULLET-Q(AP) * VSAQ 24 VSAQ28. VSAQ 26. VSAQ27. VSAQ 28. VSAQ29. VSAQ30. VSAQ3I. VSAQ32. VSAQ33. VSAQ34. VSAQ35. VSAQ36. VSAQ37. VSAQ38. VSAQ39. VSAQ40. VSAQ4l. VSAQ42. VSAQ 43. ‘* * EM WAVES[2 MARKS] * * ve two uses of infrared rays. ‘Microwaves are used in Radars. Why? What are applications of microwaves? Ifthe wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is doubled, what happens tothe energy of photon ? 4 *DUAL NATURE[2 +2 MARKS]* * + ‘What are le rays ? ‘What is photoelectric effect ? ‘What is work function ? Write down Einstein's photoelectric equation. ‘Write down deBroglie’s relation and explain the terms therein, ‘State Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. * &-& SEMI CONDUCTORS[2 MARKS] * * * What is an n-type semiconductor ? What are the majority and minority charge carriers in it ? Whaat is a p-type semiconductor ? What are the majority and minority charge carriers in it ? Which gates are called universal gates? Draw the circuit symbols for p-n-p and n-p-n transistors. ‘What are intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors? + + * COMMUNICATION SYSTEM[2 MARKS] * * * Define modulation. Why is it necessary? Mention the basic methods of modulation. Which type of communication is employed in Mobile Phones ? ‘What is sky wave propagation ? What are the basic blocks ofa communication system ? [a P47(76)| [oP 47077)) [a P47(79)| [a P47(81)] {oP 48(82)] [oP 48(85)| [oP 4(84)] [oP 48(87)] [a P-48(88)] [a P 48(89)] [o-P-49190)) [ar P49(92)} [a P49(95)) [oP 49(93)] [oP 49(91)} [a P50(96)} [a P 50(97)} [a P50(99)] [a P50(101)] {a P50(102)} ee a+ SR persICS a Be —————————— ——————eeeOeEeE, oie 2 Aopen syse spe Sem longs amaded The vetnesey Vane Mls wee? HTPY ‘he fundamental frecmenc:s oration 0¥ She: ser shame” PL A tosed organ sme Nem long is sanndect he vetacay sf swanet & ot PY the fundamental reauencs of vhration st tte: ser sshumer” ° RECT SL Pa ot Bry 2 Tee capacitors sf capscctanens i3F Sof ante are connect m sarcile aWiat she wal cansetance of the amtonatian™ )Determme the charge on ach cagacdor fhe samhmation ss somected 10 3 IV suntv CENT TAGE P4 Awireof resistance Rs Seat nthe forwaf rare Wier witiectficsive- enemas io? Samy herweea the =nds sf the fiamene” (PS 5 gotentiomerer wire 's Smlong.and + gonentiat fitticence of 6 ss maemanet iat mEry erween its ends. Find he ent sf 2 sail wet anes agoares + lenge of 8h sm ot the potentiometer wre Ahattery off emt (SV and iteral sistance 3 fy swmmecest 1s sceienar tie jor? samy current in the creat s 134, What = the emstanee of the eas” Whar © te | terminal voltage of the tattery when the oromt s sasect SWOUNG CHARGES & MAGHET SM © A cament of (0 4 passes through %0 very long wires seit paralle! wea ster mui i # FBI separated by adistanez of fm Whar is the force ger amt iengtte tenwez ther * | *WAGNET SM & MITTEE [re ‘The hornzontal component of the carth's magnetic Seid aa cemamplaceis ir >T ie F SBOEDY | and the angle of dip is 60° Whar is the magnet file of te sare a fone incation:* } SELECTHO MAGNETIC MOLTO © bps (Cagrent na carcast fails fom 544 mOA4 m4) sec Ca weuge ant of 2b Ys iw? Se | induced. ge an esate +f the seit-nductanee of the orout | ALTERNATING OREENT* P10. A cranstormer converts 200 V ac into 2000 V 2c. Caleatane the mumiser of ‘wo? Ie tums i the secondary if the prmary kas 19 turns. + DUAL MATURE OF RADIATION * Whar is the de Broglie wave length associated wit sm clecrom. accelerated io? sos throngh 2 ponential difference of 160 volts” a a rence RRR RC | EE | }*SR.PHYSICS BABY BULLET-Q(AP) * (PROBLEMS uit UST ] TOP 11 PROBLEMS aes Ans-Page PL. A open organ pipe 85cm long is sounded. Ifthe velocity of sound is 340nvs, what is | [@-P 12(TP)] the fundamental frequency of vibration of the air column? P2. A closed organ pipe 70cm long is sounded. If the velocity of sound is 33 1m/s, what is the fundamental frequency of vibration of the air column? * * ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL * * ‘Three capacitors of capacitances 2pF, 3pF and 4pF are connected in parallel. a) What is the total capacitance of the combination? ‘b)Determine the charge on each capacitor if the combination is, ‘connected to a 100V supply. * CURRENT ELECTRICITY * _A wire of resistance 4R is bent in the form of a circle. What is the effective resistance | [a-P 52(109)] ‘between the ends of the diameter? ‘A potentiometer wire is 5 m long and a potential difference of 6 V is maintained [oP 19(TP)] between its ends. Find the emf of a cell which balances against a length of 180 cm of [oP 13(TP)} [oP 52(107)) the potentiometer wire, Abattery of emf 10V and internal resistance 3 is connected to a resistor. Ifthe [oP 52(110)] current in the circuit is @.SA. What is the resistance of the resistor? What is the terminal voltage of the battery when the circuit is closed? ‘*MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM * . ‘A current of 10 A passes through two very long wires held parallel to each other and | [a-P 52(111)] separated by a distance of I m. What is the force per unit length between them ? * MAGNETISM & MATTER * The horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field at a certain place is2.6x10°5T | [a-P 53112)] and the angle of dip is 60°. What is the magnetic field of the earth at this location ? ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION * Current in a circuit falls from 5.0A to 0.04 in 0.1 sec. Ifan average emf of 200 Vis for P 53(113)] induced, give an estimate of the self-inductance of the circuit. * ALTERNATING CURRENT * j ‘A transformer converts 200 V ac into 2000 V ac. Calculate the number of [oP 53(114)] tums in the secondary if the primary has 10 tums. *DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION * ‘What is the de Broglie wave length associated with an electron, accelerated to P 53(115)] through a potential difference of 100 volts?4 * BABY BULLET-Q (AP) firt SR.PHYSICS-LAQ* LAQ SECTION- @ Easy Chapter : Nuclei imp Chapter : WavesBABY BULLET-OQ (AP) * BABY CHAT: OPEN PIPE, CLOSED PIPE, DOPPLER EFFECT- A TRIO of Super IMP Q 1, Explain the formation of stationary waves in an air column enclosed in open pipe. Derive the equations for the frequencies of the harmonics Produced. qe CETETETY 1) Open pipe: A pipe open at ‘both the ends’ is called ‘optn pipe’. 2) Formation of Stationary wave : When a sound wave is sent to an open pipe, the wave reflects back atthe other end of the pipe. The incident wave and reflected wave ‘travelling in opposite directions’ super impose each other to produce Stationary waves. 3) Antinodes (A) are formed at the open ends. 4) Notation: length of air column, V= Velocity of sound in air, of waves in respective harmonics. 5) First Harmonic: Here, | node and 2 antinodes are formed. Length of the air column = Half of the wavelength Ay Dg, are the wave lengths iy alet yeu 2. Frequency of first harmonic % = ¥ 7 Length of the air column 1= 22+ 22 249 49 =1 oe ete v_v_jv Frequency of the second harmonic 2 can 5} 7) Third Harmonic: Here, 3 nodes and 4 antinodes are formed. The length ofthe ar column! = 725 = 3s = 24 Fe a TAG Prablem)A open organ pipe 85cm long Is sounded. If the velocity of sound Is 340m/5, what is the fundamental frequency of vibration of the air column? Given length of open pipe I=85 cm = 0.85 m , V = 340 m/s, n=? yim uo <2) Fundamental frequency n= — = 200 Hz 1 2x085 1. © Open Pipe Frequency is denoted by v orn orf. Inorder to avoid confusion in writing v and v we adapted n for frequency.SR.PHYSICS-LAQ*® 7 Explain the various modes of How are stationary waves formed in closed pipes ? vibration and obtain relations for their frequencies. ~ &y = 41 | 4 Vv A v+ Frequency of first harmonic "13 my eva Priced. 6) Third Harmonie: Sac anon Length of air column v 3 ¥ ‘ i ig 03 = = V{ > J=3/ ~ J=30, - Frequency of third harmonic 3 => (3) (3) i 7) Fifth Harmonic: Here, 3 nodes and 3 antinodes are formed. ds is, ds As +s Shs. Length of air column !="$ +S +B +S +B =F - 4 = 7 ete BSaas-4 aS 8 - v Vv - Frequency of fifth harmonic "5 =3.- “(EG iit) 8) From (i), (ii) & (iii) we have ny £13 £1 £ sunee = Dy ¢3My 25M) Fem = 123257 oer TAG P)A closed organ pipe 70cm long is sounded. If the velocity of sound is 331Lmvs, what is the fundamental frequency of vibration of the air column? (Ty! are constants) li) Second law: The fundamental frequency of a vibrating string is directly proportional to square root of its tension (T) when length(/) and linear density(}1) are kept constants, Thus, ne JT (+:/,)1 are constants) iii) Third law: The fundamental frequency of vibrating string is inversely proportional to square root of its linear density (j1) when length({) and tension (T) are kept constants. * Tick Boxes Thus, no ¥ (LT are constants) TAG P1) A steel wire 0.72 m long has a mass of 5.0x10-3 kg. If the wire is under a tension of 60 N, what is the speed of transverse waves on the wire ? Sol: Linear density = Mass per unit length ofthe wire, =~ wee 6.9103 kg m-! Given Tension, T=60N : rr 60 The speed of wave on the wire is given byV= 7 = (=== =93 mst TAG P2) A stretched wire of length 0.6 m is observed to vibrate with a frequency of 30 Hz in the fundamental mode. If the string has a linear density of 0.05 kg/m, find (a) the velocity of propagation of transverse waves in the string (b) the tension in the string. Sol: Given length of wire = 0.6 m, frequency n= 30 Hz, jt = 0.05 kg/m (a) For fundamental mode, = 2/. Formula: V = nA= n(2!) = V=30:2x0.6 = 36 mis T (b) Formula: vee = V?= <= Tension T=V? p= 36x 36 x 0.05 = 64:8 N B — ————_yBABY BULLET-Q (AP) * *SR.PHYSICS-LAQ or) ***9 CURRENT ELECTRICITY” *~ {8 Marks _) State Kirchoff's law for an electrical network. for balance in a Wheatstone bridgc. A: 1) Kirehof's First Law : Atany junction in an electric circuit the sum of eurrents entering the junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving the junction. around any closed loop 2) Kirchoff"s Second Law : The algebraic sum of changes in potential involving resistors and cells in the loop is zero. Unknown 3)-Wheatstone’s Bridge : ‘The circuit shown in the figure is called Wheatstone's bridge. It has four resistors, Rj, Ry, Ry and Ry. AC is battery arm, BD is galvanometer arm. ‘The galvanometer G detects the current. If the resistors are adjusted such that the ‘galvanometer current I, = 0, the bridge is said to be balanced. : Wheatstone bridge Applying KirchofY' junction rule at B, we get y= 13 .e-o-w-(l) ; “Applying Kirchoff's junction rule at D, we get I= Ig. ------(2) ‘Applying Kirchof?' loop rule to closed loop ABDA, we get Iy Ry + 0 fp R= 0 Bee SIR) 1 R= 7, = Re ‘Applying Kirchof's loop rule to closed loop CBDC, we get Iy Ry +0 +13 Rs =O wal Ry ~ Ig Rg From (1) & (2) 15 = 1) and ly = tp : sy Ry = fy Ry ott Pi igkoaetae () 1, Ry eg ey Rr Re Re. Equating the RHS of equ (3) and equ (4), we wet R= RoR, RA This is the balance condition of Wheatstone's bridge to make I, = 0. ‘TAG P) The four resistors 2002, 4082, (20+%)02, 8012 respectively form a wheatstone bridge. Find the value of 'x'. ‘Standard arm ' ve 5 Ry Ry _, 2 _ (04x) Sol: From the balance condition of Wheatstone bridge wehave g, ar ar = 20+ =40 x= 20* BABY BULLET-Q (AP) SR.PHYSICS-LAQ* = 17 }-— State the working principle of potentiometer. Explain with the help of circuit diagram how the emf of two primary cells are compared by using the potentiometer. 5. A: 1) Potentiometer : Potentiometer is a device used to measure emf of a cel, CMR 2) Construction: Potentiometer consists of a wooden board on which a uniform manganin wire of length 4 mis fixed in parallel rows _ between two binding screws A and C, by the side of @ metre scale. A jockey is provided to make a contact at any point of the wire. 3) Principle: The potential difference (E) between any 2 points of the wire is directly proportional to the length / of the wire between the two points ealse-o Here, is potential drop per unit length of the wire. 4) Comparison of emfs of two cells: E Rh Ky Let €; & 2 be the emf's of two cells | | Primary circle under comparison The primary circuit consists of a cell of Secondary circuit emf E, a theostat Rh, a plug key Ky . HE The secondary circuit consists of a two A wi ee way key, two cells of emf e, & € and a & ae galvanometer G as shown in the diagram. mn the first position of the key, 1,3 points are connected. Then cell €; gets connected to Galvanometer (G).Now, the balancing length /; ofthe wire is found by adjusting the position of its jockey for ‘null deflection’ of the galvanometer G. Then emf of the first cell €)= @; ..(1) Qllt's very easy Dude! In the second position of the key, 2,3 points are connected. Now the cell & gets Connected Galvanometer (G), Now its balancing length [> is noted Then emf of the second cell €> = @ ly ..(2) g Dividing equation (1) by equation (2), we get, = = A By using this equation the emfs of the given cells can be compared. Tick Boxes TAG P)in a potentiometer arrangement, a cell of emf 1.2SV gives a balance point at 35.0em length of the wire. If the cell is replaced by another cell and the balance point shifts to 63.0em, Ww! Sol: Given that €)=1.25V, 1,=35.0em, />=63.0em , tis the emf of the second cell?ssenemcete BABY BULLET-Q (AP) * State the i _ : . Explain with the help of circuit diagram how the potentiometer is used to determine the internal resistance of the given primary cell. 1) Potentiometer : Potentiometer is a device used to measure emf of a cell without drawing A: any current from it. 2) Construction: Potentiometer consists of a wooden board on which a uniform manganin wire of length 4 mis fixed in parallel rows between two binding screws A and C, by the side of ametre scale. A jockey is provided to make a contact at any point of the wire. 3) Principle: The potential difference (E) between any 2 points ofthe wireis directly proportional to the length / of the wire between the two points. eal sen Here, 6 is potential drop per unit length of the wire. E Rh Ky 4) Determining Internal Resistance of a Cell: \| "7 The cell of emfe, whose internal resistance r is oe to be determined is connected across aA B resistance box through a key K>. Secondary circult First the key K, is closed. Then keeping Ky open, the position of the jockey is adjusted until ® T __ Potentiometer the galvanometer shows ‘null deflection’. {RBH:) wireAB Its balancing length /, of the wire is noted. Ky In the first case, the cell is in the circuit , ©This Potential 'Q" s. Emf of the cell € = fy -....----(1) is not at all difficult @ where 6 is potential drop per unit length of the potentiometer wire. ‘Now the key K, is closed to include R in the circuit. ‘Again the position of the jockey is adjusted for null deflection of the galvanometer. Tick Balancing length of the wire 5 is noted. In this second case, R is in parallel to the cell. The terminal voltage is given by V = 0 /> an 4 ‘i é Dividing equation (1) by equation (2) we get, = 2. Rt But €=1(R+nand V=IR=> 7 = —o - From (3) and (4 Rene rom (3) and (4), we get R= R Using this formula, Internal resistance r ofthe cell can be calculated. TAG P)A potentiometer wire is 5 m long and # potential difference of 6 V Is maintained between its ends. Find the emf of a cell which balances against a length of 180 cm of the potentiometer wire. Sol; Given that length of the wire L= Sm= 500cm, potential difference V= 6V Sol: SR.PHYSICS-LAQ* Explain the principle and working of a nuclear reactor with the help of a labelled <<) diagram. Coolant 1) Principle:Nuclear reactor works on the principle of controlled ‘chain reaction. Reflector 2) Main parts of Nuclear reactor: t—» Steam (Fuel i) Moderator ii) Control rods (iv) Protective Sheilding (v) Coolant 3) Fuel: The material which undergoes fission coe is called fuel. Ex: U235_ ‘ = Coolant Nuclear Reactor 4) Moderator: The material which slows down the fast ; : ite |O BAO movingneutrons is called moderator. Ex: 20, Graphite | mine 5) Control rods: The rods which absorb netitrons to control the chain reaction are called control rods. : Ex: Cd, B ©) Protective Shielding: The construction with cement and lead(Pb) around the reactot which protects from harmful radiations isealled protective shielding. 7) Coolant: The liquid which removes the heat generated by the reactor is called circulating coolant, Ex: Water at high pressure, molten sodium. 8) Working: i) Uranium fuel rods are arranged in the A/ cylinders ii) The graphite moderator is placed in between the fuel cylinders. iii) When U?55 undergo fission, fast neutrons are released, iv) These neutrons pass through the surrounding graphite moderator and loose their energy v) The heat generated here is used to produce steam, vi) This steam is used to rotate steam turbine then electric power is produced, 5 is completely destroyed in an atom bomb, how much energy willbe released ? Given that m=10-g=10-%kg, c=3x108ms~!, B=? Formula: E = me2 0-9x(3 x 10 8)2 9B = 9 x 10-H8+8 8 “E=9x 1075* BABY BULLET-Q(AP) ory SR.PHYSICS-SAQ * SECTION , | *** 4, |RayoPTICS (4 Marks) | *** 5. | WAVE OPTICS (4 Marks) I. 24-25, **% 6 [ELECTRIC CHARGES (4Marks) | 26-28 | *** 7. | ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL (4 Marks) 29-32 ** a, |MoviNG CHARGES (4 Marks) 33-34 wwe g. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION (4 Marks) 36-36 *** 40.| aToms (4 Marks) 37 SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS (4 Marks) r Easy Chapters: Atoms, Electric ‘Charges, Wave optics, EMI Imp Chapters: Semi conductors, Electrostatic potential, Ray optics* SR.PHYSICS-SAQ BABY BULLET-Q(AP) * ——EeeeS 22 ***4 RAY OPTICS*** (__4Marks _} 8. Define critical angle. Explain Total_internal reflection using a neat diagram. [IPE'14] [TS 15,17,18] ic), it gets reflected into the same denser “A ? medium without any refraction. This phenomenon is called Total tan Internal Reflection. TR | An optical fibre works on the principle of Total Internal Reflection. 9. Explain the formation of a mirage. 1) Mirage: Mirage is an optical phenomenon in which light rays are bent to produce a displaced image of distant objects 2) Mirages are formed due to total internal reflection of light. 3) On hot summer days the density of air is less near the ground due to heat. 4) Hotter air is less dense and smaller refractive index than cooler air 5) When the air is stationary, the Hence the light rays coming from a tall body such as tree, bends away from normal and optical density at different layers of air increases with height. 6) under goes total internal reflection. Tick Boxes La* BABY BULLET-Q(AP) 10. ul. : Sunset appears Red : = SR.PHYSICS-SAQ * With a neat labelled diagram explain the formation of image in a simple microscope. Simple Microscope: AP 15,18,19 eC 1) A simple microscope consists of only one convex lens of small focal length. It is also called as magnifying glass. 2) The objectiis placed between the principal focus F and the optic centre of the convex lens. 3) The light ray coming from the object parallel ¥ Image in a Simple Microscope to principal axis refracts at lens 4) It passes through second principal focus F’. Another light ray from the object passes through the optic centre of the lens undeviated. 5) These two rays meet on the back side of the object to form the image. Hence, the image formed is virtual, erect and magnified as shown in the figure. Why does the setting sun appear red ? 1) Sun light is composed of seven colours (VIBGYOR). 2) Sunlight passes through the atmosphere before it reaches us. 3) In the evenings, when the sun is near the horizon, the rays have to travel longer path in the atmosphere to reach us. 4) The dust, smoke and water vapour present in the atmosphere scatter away these colours differently depending on their wavelengths. 5) Scattering is more if wavelength is less. 6) As red has longer wavelength, it scatters less. 7) Thus red comes to us straight while other colours get scattered into space. 8) That is why, setting sun appears red.*SR.PHYSICS-SAQ ie BABY BULLET-Q(AP) * { 24 | we Kak 5.WAVE OPTICS (__4Marks _} 12. Explain Doppler effect in light. Distinguish between red shift and blue shift. BTS 19,19 | A: 1) Doppler effect in Light:To an observer on the earth the light from a star moving towards him appears with high frequency or less wave length. Similarly, the apparent wave length is high in the case of star moving away from him. This change in apparent frequency or wavelength of light due to relative motion of the source is called Doppler effect in light. 2) Red Shift : According to Doppler effect, when a star goes away from the observer on the earth, its light appears to him with higher wavelength. As a result,the wavelength in the middle of the visible region of the spectrum (VIBGYOR) moves towards the red end of the spectrum, This is called red shift. 3) Blue Shift : According to Doppler effect, when a star moves towards the observer on the ‘earth, its light appears to him with less wavelength. As a result, the wavelength in the middle ofthe visible region of the spectrum (VIBGYOR) moves towards the violet (or blue which is more sensitive to eye) end of the spectrum. This is called blue shift. 13. What is Total internal reflection ? Expl jin the phenomenon using Huygens’ principle. A: 1) Total Internal Reflection(TIR) : ~ When a light ray is passing from denser medium to rarer medium if the angle of incidence is ‘greater than its critical angle (i> ig), it gets reflected into the same denser medium without any refraction. This phenomenon is called total internal reflection. 2) Explanation with Huygens’ Principle = face et When a plane wavefront from denser medium is incident on the boundary of rarer medium, itbends away from the normal as shown in the figure. : Medium 1 AS v9 > vj, the refracted ray travels more distance (vot > v;t) and the refracted wavefront bends away Medium 2 from the normal, Bel Retracted Atcritical angle i wWavetront ng ay From the law of refraction —* we get 72 =simig ny 1 Thus, when angle of incidence is greater than critical angle (i > i,), there will not be any ‘e will undergo ‘Total Internal Reflection’. refracted wave and the wav* BABY BULLET-Q(Al x a AE) a} SR.PHYSICS-SAQ * 14, Derive the expression for the intensity at a point where interference of light occurs. Arrive at the conditions for maximum and zero intensity. distance r from its centre. peer eae Then distance of P from B is (r~a) and from A is (r+a). Axial lime of Dipole 2) Intensity: 1 Intensity of electric field at P due to +q is Ey = 4no (ra ay 1 Intensity of electric field at P due to -q is E> = $ Ane (r+ ay 3) Resultant intensity of electric field due to the dipole at point P is E= E, - Ez SES Feet (At larger distances (@>>a), the a ee*SR.PHYSICS-SAQ BABY BULLET-| 21, Derive an expression for the intensity of the electric fleld at a point on the equatorial plane of an electric dipole. A: 1) Electric Dipole: Consider an electric dipole consisting of two equal and opposite changes -q & q located at ‘A and B. These are separated by a distance 2a, Let P be a point on the equatorial plane ofa dipole ata Vr? +a* distance ¢ from its centre. ‘The magnitude of electric field at P due to +4 is Equatorial plane shy The magnitude of electric field at P due to -q is egal Peal neo From the figure, itis clear that the y-components of Ey and E> are equal and opposite. Hence they cancel each other. But the sum of x-components gives the resultant field E at P. 2) Intensity of resultant electric field is E= E, cos@ + Ep cos® tle 1_(_9 -\ien2 | —9 @ re ais aes ziuke Greg (7? +a i? +a? wot t lt (ec) : bi Ewe coltea yeaa? 4meg( oat)? - But dipole moment P= q(2a) From 4 PAO, cos8= 1 P Intensity of electric field Es—_—— 7 3) ia = 4neg (r? +07)? At larger distances (r>>a), the a? term can be neglected}* BABY BULLET-Q( (AP) [70"} SR.PHYSICS-SAQ * 22. A: Derive an expression for the ca| Capacitance of « parallel plate capacitor: <4) are connected in series to a potential difference V. 2) In series combination of capacitors, same charge Q is stored on the plates of two capacitors. 3) Let V;, V2 be the potential drops formed on the ‘capacitors C, C2 respectively. 4) In series combination of capacitors, the total potential drop is equal to sum of potential drops on the Either Series or Parallel © Both are Both © ont O28 © 6) Then effective capacitance of the combination is 7) From (1) & (2), we get Derive the formula for equivalent capacitance when the capacitors are connected in parallel. curve. x dr 2) Thus, $Bal = y,i ne where j= small element of the path, = permeability of free space. 3) Explanation: i) Consider a closed curve as shown in the figure. d/ is a small length element on the curve. i) Let B is the resultant magnetic field of the position of di. iii) Currents i), ig are directed into the plane of paper and are positive. iv) Currents ip, i; are directed outward to the plane of paper and are negative. -) So, the total current crossing the area bounded by the closed curv Hence, Bal =, (iy “ip ~is +) [(_ i) -ip-ig +iBABY BULLET-Q Find the magnetic induction due to a long current carrying conductor, Magnetic Induction due to a Long Conductor carrying current : < @=0= cos@=cos0=1 = GBal -Bgal S Bai Bem.) (-fal=2m) 4) From Ampere's law $B.d/ =poi 2) From (1) & 2); Bomr=jigi B= 5% Derive an expression for the magnetic induction at the centre of a current carrying circular coil using Biot-Savart law. Magaetic Induction at the centre of a Circular Coil: 1) Consider a circular coil of radius r with centre ‘O’. Let the coil carries a current ' “is the magnetic induction atthe centre O due toa smal clement of length g onthe loop. 2) From, Biot Savart law, aB- 22 id/sin® ef : ax 3) As di is perpendicular to F,6-90°=sin90°=1 =e 5040 (: fal=2m0) p= oB Or o Fora circular coil of tums, the magneti¢ induction at its centre,* BABY BULLET-Q(AP) fs SR.PHYSICS-SAQ * ***9 ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION ** 34, Describe the ways in w A: h Eddy currents are used to advantage. <@Q@ERERT 1) Eddy Currents : When large pieces of conductors are subjected to changing magnetic fluxes, induced currents are produced in them. Such induced currents are called eddy currents * 2) Advantages of Eddy Currents : BAP 17,18,19 i) Magnetic Brakes to Trains: When the strong electromagnets are activated, the eddy currents induced in the rails oppose the motion of the train. As a result, smooth braking effect comes into play. ii) Electromagnetic Damping: In galvanometers, electromagnetic damping brings the coil to rest quickly. This happens due to eddy currents produced in the core. iii) Induction Furnace : Ahigh frequency alternating current is passed through a coil which surrounds the metals to be melted. Then the eddy currents generated in the metals produce high temperatures. iv) Electric power meters:The shiny metal disc in the'electric Tick Boxes nooo power meter’ rotates due to eddy currents. | | 35. Obtain an expression for the emf induced across a conductor whichis moved in a uniform magnetic field which is perpendicular to the plane of motion. Induced emf due to motion of a conductor in a magnetic field: 1) Let us suppose that PQRS is a rectangular conductor. It is placed in a uniform magnetic field B which is perpendicular to the plane of the system. 2) The conductor PQ is free to move. Suppose, the conductor PQ is moved towards left with velocity v. 3) Let RQ= x and RS =/. {es = a a OI yee BIS* SR.PHYSICS-SAQ BABY BULLET-Q(AP) * Obtain an expression for the magnetic energy stored in a solenoid in terms of the magnetic field, area and length of the solenoid. eq Magnetic Energy stored in a Solenoid: 1) The energy required to build up the current in a solenoid is given by W = ; Li’. where L is the self inductance of the solenoii 2) Self inductance of a solenoid is given by L= gn? AI .. where n is number of tums per unit length, A is area of cross section, / is length of the solenoid. 3) Substituting equ (i) in equ (), we get W = + (ign? A) iii) 4) Magnetic induction inside a solenoid is B = yg ni =>i=B/Hgn .. 2 as ie 5 1 B 1 2, ) Putting this in equ (ii), we get W= qphomAN Te =W= tee AL This is the expression for magnetic energy stored in a solenoid. Obtain an expression for the mutual inductance of two long coaxial solenoids. aq 1) Mutual Inductance:As long as the current in one of the two adjacent coils changes, @ current is induced in the other coil. This phenomenon is called mutual induction. 2), Munual induced emf €=—M ar where M is mutual inductance of the coils. 4 3) Expression for Mutual Inductance of two co-axial Solenoids: Let us consider two coaxial solenoids S,S2 each of length /. Letr, and ry be the radii n, and ng be the number of tums per unit length, Nj and No be the total number of turns of the solenoids S, and Sz respectively. 4) When s current ip is set up in Sp, it sets up @ magnetic flux , through S). Then Ny 6) =Myp ig Ai). where Mya is mutual inductance of Sy with respect to So. 5) The magnetic field due to current ip in S2 is Ho B2 i2- Ny Oy = (ny) (7071) (Ho M2 in) HOY M2 mr? Lig 6) From (i) and (ii), we get Mj2=Ho™ ny ary? 7) Ina similar way, considering the reverse case of we get Mg) = Hg My M2 My? foi) 8) From equ (iii) and (iv), we get My2 = Mo Gi) i) flux through S due to current I; through S), = M and hence M = Hg ny ny rj? /* BABY BULLET-Q(AP) Tr SR.PHYSICS-SAQ * ***40.ATOMS*** Jr. Chemistry & Sr. Physics as well 38. What are the limitations of Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom ? BAP 17,17 | A: Limitations of Bohr's theory of Hydrogen atom : <-]=R|/5-+_ E al [F al 2) Balmer Series:When an electron jumps from any outer orbits to the second orbit, we get Balmer series. It is observed in the Visible region. Here nj=2 and ny=3,4,5.... ever| ht fog{ tt ny ong 2 3 3) Paschen Series :When an electron jumps from any outer orbits to the third orbit, we get Paschen series. It is observed in the near infrared region. Here nj=3 and n)=4,5, 1 oVeR|> E 4) Brackett Series : When an elecicon jumps from any outer orbits to the fourth orbit, we get Brackett series. It is observed in the infrared region. Here ny=4 and n)=5,6,7, 5) Pfund Series : When an electron jumps from any outer orbits to the fifth orbit, we get Pfund series. It is observed in the far infrared region. Here n)=5 and ny=6,7.8,..... ‘© Meet Mr. Rutherford Qin P57 (125) }40. * SR.PHYSICS-SAQ . Explain the different transistor configurations with diagrams. Transistor configurations: A transistor can be connected in three configurations in circuits. TOO 11.SEMI CONDUCTORS Explain hole conduction in intrinsic semiconductor. 1) Intrinsic Semiconductor: Itisa pure semiconductor like Silicon or Germanium without any doping, 2) Formation of holes: At very low temperatures near absolute zero, an intrinsic semiconductor acts as an insulator because it will not have free charge carriers. But at room temperature, some electrons will be released from their covalent bonds. This 'vacancy of electron’ left in the covalent bond is called a hole. The hole also acts as a positive charge carrier. 3) An intrinsic semiconductor contains electrons and holes in equal numbers. Thus ne =n, Whenever there is a hole, electron from neighbouring atom fills it forming a new hole. In this way hole conduction takes place. 4) The current in these intrinsic semiconductors is given by 1= I. +I, where 1, is electro current and I}, hole current. 1) CBconfiguration 2) CE configuration 3) CC configuration 1) CB (Common Base) configuration: In this, base is common to both input and output circuits as shown in the figure. 2) CE (Common Emitter) configuration: In this, emitter is common to both input and output circuits as shown in the figure. ° 3) CC (Common Collector) configuration: mnt In this, collector is common to both input and output circuits as shown in the figure.42. * BABY BULLET-Q(AP) fe} SR.PHYSICS-SAQ * 139 LOGIC GATES Define NAND and NOR gates. Give their truth tables Cou NAND gate-Truth Table 1)NAND gate:NAND gate is the AND gate followed by NOT gate. 2) The output of AND gate is connected to the input of NOT gate. 3) In NAND gate, the output becomes 0 only when both the inputs are 1 4) The symbol of NAND gate: ro §$5>> y-A8 1) NOR gate:NOR gate is the OR gate followed by NOT gate. 2) The output of OR-gate is connected to the input of NOT gate. 3) In NOR gate, the output becomes 1 only when both the inputs are 0. AD 4) The symbol of NOR gate: i> =A3B 43. Write the truth table of NAND gate. How does it differ from AND gate ? NAND gate-Truth Table AND gate-Trutn Tabie Input | Oxtput noe _[ Gan | nlelolol> nlololo]-<| | | ° ia 1) InNAND gate, the output becomes zero only when both the inputs are 1. 2) In AND gate, the output becomes 1 only when both the inputs are 1 3) Thus NAND gate is just opposite to AND gate. 4) The symbol of NAND gate: [>>~ 5) The symbol of AND gate: {~~ 44. Explain the operation of a NOT gate and give its truth table. 1) NOT gate: Thi logic gate with only one input and output is called NOT gate. It is also called inverter because its output is complement to the input 2) In NOT gate, when the input is 0, its output is 1 and the input is 0, its output is 0. 3) Symbol of NOT gate: A , yak When switch S is opened the bulb glows. When switch $ is closed, bulb does not glow. 5 4)Operation of NOT gate using u switch: © i bulb |BABY BULLET-Q(AP) x ‘R.PHYSICS-SAQ je and f using to diodes and explain its operation, Write the truttt | 45. Draw an OR gate | logic symbol of OR gate. OR gate-Truth Table | 4. 1) OR gate: OR gate has two input terminals (A, B) and one Tapat [Output | output terminal (Y). Its truth table is as shown here, ate {+ | In OR gate, the output becomes 0 when both the inputs are 0. am 1 1 is * +1 oO 1 | The logic symbol of OR gate is \ j-" ASB 1 fs 4 2) OR gate Circuit using Diodes: OR gate is obtained using two diodes Dj,D2 as A o—_P|+—_ shown in the circuit. A, B are inputs and Y is output. | Electrically $ V respectively 1 and 0 V respectively B o—_ + —_ i 0. In the given circuit if any one or both diodes Dy | conduct, Y becomes }) IfA=0, B-0; both D and D3 do not conduct and we get Y= 0- ji) If A=1 and B=0; Djconducts and we get Y=1 iii) If AO and B=1; D2 conducts and we get Y=1 OR CIRCUIT iv) IfA=1 and B=1; Dy and D2 conduct and we get ¥ = 1. Ju chet a basic AND circuit with diodes and explain its operation. Explain how doping increases the conductivity in semiconductors ? A i) AND gate circuit using Diodes: AND gate circuit is obtained using two diodes Dy, and Y is output. Electrically 5 V represents 1 and 0 V represents 0. Dp as shown in the circuit. A, B are inputs | iyi A = 0, B = 0, then both D, and D3 are in i Ao—kt+—_J | forward bias and conduct and we get Y=O | iiITA=1 and B-0 ; Dz conducts and we get Y¥=0 FeraeY iipifA-OandB-1;D, conducts andwegt'Y=0 "© K R= iv)IfA=1 and B=1; D;,D2 donot conduct, we get Y : sy A The symbol of AND gate is /——y -a8 AND CIRCUIT == Increasing of conductivity due to doping in Semiconductor : 2 s number of charge carriers in the | | | ‘The conductivity of a pure semiconductor is low due to less i conduction band. | Silicon or Germanium pure semiconductor is doped either with Pentavalent or Trivalent | substance, they provide the charge carriers in the conduction band. Doping with Pentavalent substances adds extra electrons and makes the semiconductor | | netype. Doping with Trivalent substances adds extra holes and makes the semiconductor p-type. In this way doping increases the conductivity of semiconductors.* BABY BULLET-Q(AP) SR.PHYSICS-VSAQ * VSAQ SECTION-A VERY EASY & CUTE SECTION WITH TINY MANY ANSWERS | WSAQ CHAPTERS 12. | RAY OPTICS (2 Marks) . | MOVING CHARGES (2 Marks) . | MAGNETISM & MATTER (242 Marks) ALTERNATING CURRENT (2 Marks) . | ELECTRO MAGNETIC WAVES (2 Marks) + | DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION (2+2 Marks) . | SEMI CONDUCTOR . | COMMUNICATION SYSTEM @ Easy Chapters: Dual nature, Communication system, Magnetism & matter Imp Chapters: Semiconductors, Electromagnetic waves, Moving charges.* SR.PHYSICS-VSAQ Pir} BABY BULLET-Q(AP) * 47, Whatis dispersion? Which colour gets relatively more dispersed? gray A: 1) Dispersion : When a composite beam of light passes through a prism, it splits up into its constituent colours. This phenomenon is called ‘dispersion’ of light. 95, Which gates are called universal gates? cE! A: 1) Universal Gates: NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates. 2) Because any logic gate can be constructed by using NAND gate or NOR gate.* x SR.PHYSICS-VSAQ BABY BULLET-Q(AP) * 19.COMMUNICATION SYSTEM *** wk, 96. Define modulation. Why is it necessary? AP 16,17,18 po TS 15116,17, 18,19 A: 1) Modulation: The process of combining low frequency audio signal with high frequency carrier signal is called modulation. 2) Necessity of Modulation: (i) To transmit audio frequency signal to long distances. (ii) To avoid mixing of signals from different transmitters. (ii)To reduce the size of antenna. a) Nyy = 1.62 104P. The focal length of a concay. that its image is 1/10 of its size’ = — 0 3-™ = $x10“m=0.5mm Se ee ea sESESEInE nen | | | |*SR.PHYSICS-GUNSHOT PROBLEMS BABY BULLET-Q(AP) * ‘ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL & CAPACITANCE * 107P. Three capacitors of capacitances 2pF, 3pF and 4pF are connected in parallel. a) What is the total capacitance of the combination? b) Determine the charge on each capacitor if the combination is connected to a 100 supply. Sol: a) C= 2+3M=9pF