Algebraic Expressions and Identities Practice Problems

Class VIII Chapter 9 – Algebraic Expressions and Identities Maths
Exercise 9.1
Question 1:
Identify the terms, their coefficients for each of the following expressions.
(i) 5xyz2 − 3zy
(ii) 1 + x + x2
(iii) 4x2y2 − 4x2y2z2 + z2
(iv) 3 − pq + qr − rp
(v)
(vi) 0.3a − 0.6ab + 0.5b
Answer:
The terms and the respective coefficients of the given expressions are as follows.
- Terms Coefficients
(i) 5xyz2 5
− 3zy −3
(ii) 1 1
x 1
x2 1
(iii) 4x2y2 4
− 4x2y2z2 −4
2
z 1
(iv) 3 3
− pq −1
qr 1
− rp −1
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(v)
− xy −1
(vi) 0.3a 0.3

− 0.6ab − 0.6
0.5b 0.5
Question 2:
Classify the following polynomials as monomials, binomials, trinomials. Which
polynomials do not fit in any of these three categories?
x + y, 1000, x + x2 + x3 + x4, 7 + y + 5x, 2y − 3y2, 2y − 3y2 + 4y3, 5x − 4y + 3xy,
4z − 15z2, ab + bc + cd + da, pqr, p2q + pq2, 2p + 2q
Answer:
The given expressions are classified as
Monomials: 1000, pqr
Binomials: x + y, 2y − 3y2, 4z − 15z2, p2q + pq2, 2p + 2q
Trinomials: 7 + y + 5x, 2y − 3y2 + 4y3, 5x − 4y + 3xy
Polynomials that do not fit in any of these categories are
x + x2 + x3 + x4, ab + bc + cd + da
Question 3:
Add the following.
(i) ab − bc, bc − ca, ca − ab
(ii) a − b + ab, b − c + bc, c − a + ac
(iii) 2p2q2 − 3pq + 4, 5 + 7pq − 3p2q2
(iv) l2 + m2, m2 + n2, n2 + l2, 2lm + 2mn + 2nl
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Answer:
The given expressions written in separate rows, with like terms one below the other
and then the addition of these expressions are as follows.
(i)
Thus, the sum of the given expressions is 0.

(ii)
Thus, the sum of the given expressions is ab + bc + ac.

(iii)
Thus, the sum of the given expressions is −p2q2 + 4pq + 9.

(iv)
Thus, the sum of the given expressions is 2(l2 + m2 + n2 + lm + mn + nl).

Question 4:
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(a) Subtract 4a − 7ab + 3b + 12 from 12a − 9ab + 5b − 3

(b) Subtract 3xy + 5yz − 7zx from 5xy − 2yz − 2zx + 10xyz
(c) Subtract 4p2q − 3pq + 5pq2 − 8p + 7q − 10 from 18 − 3p − 11q + 5pq − 2pq2 +
5p2q
Answer:
The given expressions in separate rows, with like terms one below the other and
then the subtraction of these expressions is as follows.
(a)
(b)
(c)
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Exercise 9.2
Question 1:
Find the product of the following pairs of monomials.
(i) 4, 7p (ii) − 4p, 7p (iii) − 4p, 7pq
(iv) 4p3, − 3p (v) 4p, 0
Answer:
The product will be as follows.
(i) 4 × 7p = 4 × 7 × p = 28p
(ii) − 4p × 7p = − 4 × p × 7 × p = (− 4 × 7) × (p × p) = − 28 p2
(iii) − 4p × 7pq = − 4 × p × 7 × p × q = (− 4 × 7) × (p × p × q) = − 28p2q
(iv) 4p3 × − 3p = 4 × (− 3) × p × p × p × p = − 12 p4
(v) 4p × 0 = 4 × p × 0 = 0
Question 2:
Find the areas of rectangles with the following pairs of monomials as their lengths
and breadths respectively.
(p, q); (10m, 5n); (20x2, 5y2); (4x, 3x2); (3mn, 4np)
Answer:
We know that,
Area of rectangle = Length × Breadth
Area of 1st rectangle = p × q = pq
Area of 2nd rectangle = 10m × 5n = 10 × 5 × m × n = 50 mn
Area of 3rd rectangle = 20x2 × 5y2 = 20 × 5 × x2 × y2 = 100 x2y2
Area of 4th rectangle = 4x × 3x2 = 4 × 3 × x × x2 = 12x3
Area of 5th rectangle = 3mn × 4np = 3 × 4 × m × n × n × p = 12mn2p
Question 3:
Complete the table of products.
2x − 5y 3x2 − 4xy 7x2y − 9x2y2
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2x 4x2 … … … … …
− 5y … … − 15x2y … … …
3x2 … … … … … …
− 4xy … … … … … …
7x2y … … … … … …
− 9x2y2 … … … … … …
Answer:
The table can be completed as follows.
2x − 5y 3x2 − 4xy 7x2y − 9x2y2
2x 4x2 − 10xy 6x3 − 8x2y 14x3y − 18x3y2
− 5y − 10xy 25 y2 − 15x2y 20xy2 − 35x2y2 45x2y3
3x2 6x3 − 15x2y 9x4 − 12x3y 21x4y − 27x4y2
− 4xy − 8x2y 20xy2 − 12x3y 16x2y2 − 28x3y2 36x3y3
7x2y 14x3y − 35x2y2 21x4y − 28x3y2 49x4y2 − 63x4y3
− 9x2y2 − 18x3y2 45 x2y3 − 27x4y2 36x3y3 − 63x4y3 81x4y4
Question 4:
Obtain the volume of rectangular boxes with the following length, breadth and height
respectively.
(i) 5a, 3a2, 7a4 (ii) 2p, 4q, 8r (iii) xy, 2x2y, 2xy2
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(iv) a, 2b, 3c
Answer:
We know that,
Volume = Length × Breadth × Height
(i) Volume = 5a × 3a2 × 7a4 = 5 × 3 × 7 × a × a2 × a4 = 105 a7
(ii) Volume = 2p × 4q × 8r = 2 × 4 × 8 × p × q × r = 64pqr
(iii) Volume = xy × 2x2y × 2xy2 = 2 × 2 × xy ×x2y × xy2 = 4x4y4
(iv) Volume = a × 2b × 3c = 2 × 3 × a × b × c = 6abc
Question 5:
Obtain the product of
(i) xy, yz, zx (ii) a, − a2, a3 (iii) 2, 4y, 8y2, 16y3
(iv) a, 2b, 3c, 6abc (v) m, − mn, mnp
Answer:
(i) xy × yz × zx = x2y2z2
(ii) a × (− a2) × a3 = − a6
(iii) 2 × 4y × 8y2 × 16y3 = 2 × 4 × 8 × 16 × y × y2 × y3 = 1024 y6
(iv) a × 2b × 3c × 6abc = 2 × 3 × 6 × a × b × c × abc = 36a2b2c2
(v) m × (− mn) × mnp = − m3n2p
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Exercise 9.3
Question 1:
Carry out the multiplication of the expressions in each of the following pairs.
(i) 4p, q + r (ii) ab, a − b (iii) a + b, 7a2b2
(iv) a2 − 9, 4a (v) pq + qr + rp, 0
Answer:
(i) (4p) × (q + r) = (4p × q) + (4p × r) = 4pq + 4pr
(ii) (ab) × (a − b) = (ab × a) + [ab × (− b)] = a2b − ab2
(iii) (a + b) × (7a2 b2) = (a × 7a2b2) + (b × 7a2b2) = 7a3b2 + 7a2b3
(iv) (a2 − 9) × (4a) = (a2 × 4a) + (− 9) × (4a) = 4a3 − 36a
(v) (pq + qr + rp) × 0 = (pq × 0) + (qr × 0) + (rp × 0) = 0
Question 2:
Complete the table
--- First expression Second Expression Product
(i) a b+c+d -
(ii) x+y−5 5 xy -
(iii) p 6p2 − 7p + 5 -
(iv) 4p2q2 p2 − q2 -
(v) a+b+c abc -
Answer:
The table can be completed as follows.
- First expression Second Expression Product
(i) a b+c+d ab + ac + ad
(ii) x+y−5 5 xy 5x2y + 5xy2 − 25xy
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(iii) p 6p2 − 7p + 5 6p3 − 7p2 + 5p
(iv) 4p2q2 p2 − q2 4p4q2 − 4p2q4
(v) a+b+c abc a2bc + ab2c + abc2
Question 3:
Find the product.
(i) (a2) × (2a22) × (4a26)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv) x × x2 × x3 × x4
Answer:
(i) (a2) × (2a22) × (4a26) = 2 × 4 ×a2 × a22 × a26 = 8a50
(ii)
(iii)
(iv) x × x2 × x3 × x4 = x10
Question 4:
(a) Simplify 3x (4x −5) + 3 and find its values for (i) x = 3, (ii) .
2
(b) a (a + a + 1) + 5 and find its values for (i) a = 0, (ii) a = 1, (iii) a = − 1.
Answer:
(a) 3x (4x − 5) + 3 = 12x2 − 15x + 3
(i) For x = 3, 12x2 − 15x + 3 = 12 (3)2 − 15(3) + 3
= 108 − 45 + 3
= 66
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(ii) For
(b)a (a2 + a + 1) + 5 = a3 + a2 + a + 5
(i) For a = 0, a3 + a2 + a + 5 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 5 = 5
(ii) For a = 1, a3 + a2 + a + 5 = (1)3 + (1)2 + 1 + 5
=1+1+1+5=8
(iii) For a = −1, a3 + a2 + a + 5 = (−1)3 + (−1)2 + (−1) + 5
=−1+1−1+5=4
Question 5:
(a) Add: p (p − q), q (q − r) and r (r − p)
(b) Add: 2x (z − x − y) and 2y (z − y − x)
(c) Subtract: 3l (l − 4m + 5n) from 4l (10n − 3m + 2l)
(d) Subtract: 3a (a + b + c) − 2b (a − b + c) from 4c (− a + b + c)
Answer:
(a) First expression = p (p − q) = p2 − pq
Second expression = q (q − r) = q2 − qr
Third expression = r (r − p) = r2 − pr
Adding the three expressions, we obtain
Therefore, the sum of the given expressions is p2 + q2 + r2 − pq − qr − rp.
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(b) First expression = 2x (z − x − y) = 2xz − 2x2 − 2xy

Second expression = 2y (z − y − x) = 2yz − 2y2 − 2yx
Adding the two expressions, we obtain
Therefore, the sum of the given expressions is − 2x2 − 2y2 − 4xy + 2yz + 2zx.
(c) 3l (l − 4m + 5n) = 3l2 − 12lm + 15ln
4l (10n − 3m + 2l) = 40ln − 12lm + 8l2
Subtracting these expressions, we obtain
Therefore, the result is 5l2 + 25ln.

(d) 3a (a + b + c) − 2b (a − b + c) = 3a2 +3ab + 3ac − 2ba + 2b2 − 2bc
= 3a2 + 2b2 + ab + 3ac − 2bc
4c (− a + b + c) = − 4ac + 4bc + 4c2
Subtracting these expressions, we obtain
Therefore, the result is −3a2 −2b2 + 4c2 − ab + 6bc − 7ac.
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Exercise 9.4
Question 1:
Multiply the binomials.
(i) (2x + 5) and (4x − 3) (ii) (y − 8) and (3y − 4)
(iii) (2.5l − 0.5m) and (2.5l + 0.5m) (iv) (a + 3b) and (x + 5)
(v) (2pq + 3q2) and (3pq − 2q2)
(vi)
Answer:
(i) (2x + 5) × (4x − 3) = 2x × (4x − 3) + 5 × (4x − 3)
= 8x2 − 6x + 20x − 15
= 8x2 + 14x −15 (By adding like terms)
(ii) (y − 8) × (3y − 4) = y × (3y − 4) − 8 × (3y − 4)
= 3y2 − 4y − 24y + 32
= 3y2 − 28y + 32 (By adding like terms)
(iii) (2.5l − 0.5m) × (2.5l + 0.5m) = 2.5l × (2.5l + 0.5m) − 0.5m (2.5l + 0.5m)
= 6.25l2 + 1.25lm − 1.25lm − 0.25m2
= 6.25l2 − 0.25m2
(iv) (a + 3b) × (x + 5) = a × (x + 5) + 3b × (x + 5)
= ax + 5a + 3bx + 15b
(v) (2pq + 3q2) × (3pq − 2q2) = 2pq × (3pq − 2q2) + 3q2 × (3pq − 2q2)
= 6p2q2 − 4pq3 + 9pq3 − 6q4
= 6p2q2 + 5pq3 − 6q4
(vi)
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Question 2:
Find the product.
(i) (5 − 2x) (3 + x) (ii) (x + 7y) (7x − y)
(iii) (a2 + b) (a + b2) (iv) (p2 − q2) (2p + q)
Answer:
(i) (5 − 2x) (3 + x) = 5 (3 + x) − 2x (3 + x)
= 15 + 5x − 6x − 2x2
= 15 − x − 2x2
(ii) (x + 7y) (7x − y) = x (7x − y) + 7y (7x − y)
= 7x2 − xy + 49xy − 7y2
= 7x2 + 48xy − 7y2
(iii) (a2 + b) (a + b2) = a2 (a + b2) + b (a + b2)
= a3 + a2b2 + ab + b3
(iv) (p2 − q2) (2p + q) = p2 (2p + q) − q2 (2p + q)
= 2p3 + p2q − 2pq2 − q3
Question 3:
Simplify.
(i) (x2 − 5) (x + 5) + 25
(ii) (a2 + 5) (b3 + 3) + 5
(iii) (t + s2) (t2 − s)
(iv) (a + b) (c − d) + (a − b) (c + d) + 2 (ac + bd)
(v) (x + y) (2x + y) + (x + 2y) (x − y)
(vi) (x + y) (x2 − xy + y2)
(vii) (1.5x − 4y) (1.5x + 4y + 3) − 4.5x + 12y
(viii) (a + b + c) (a + b − c)
Answer:
(i) (x2 − 5) (x + 5) + 25
= x2 (x + 5) − 5 (x + 5) + 25
= x3 + 5x2 − 5x − 25 + 25
= x3 + 5x2 − 5x
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(ii) (a2 + 5) (b3 + 3) + 5

= a2 (b3 + 3) + 5 (b3 + 3) + 5
= a2b3 + 3a2 + 5b3 + 15 + 5
= a2b3 + 3a2 + 5b3 + 20
(iii) (t + s2) (t2 − s)
= t (t2 − s) + s2 (t2 − s)
= t3 − st + s2t2 − s3
(iv) (a + b) (c − d) + (a − b) (c + d) + 2 (ac + bd)
= a (c − d) + b (c − d) + a (c + d) − b (c + d) + 2 (ac + bd)
= ac − ad + bc − bd + ac + ad − bc − bd + 2ac + 2bd
= (ac + ac + 2ac) + (ad − ad) + (bc − bc) + (2bd − bd − bd)
= 4ac
(v) (x + y) (2x + y) + (x + 2y) (x − y)
= x (2x + y) + y (2x + y) + x (x − y) + 2y (x − y)
= 2x2 + xy + 2xy + y2 + x2 − xy + 2xy − 2y2
= (2x2 + x2) + (y2 − 2y2) + (xy + 2xy − xy + 2xy)
= 3x2 − y2 + 4xy
(vi) (x + y) (x2 − xy + y2)
= x (x2 − xy + y2) + y (x2 − xy + y2)
= x3 − x2y + xy2 + x2y − xy2 + y3
= x3 + y3 + (xy2 − xy2) + (x2y − x2y)
= x3 + y3
(vii) (1.5x − 4y) (1.5x + 4y + 3) − 4.5x + 12y
= 1.5x (1.5x + 4y + 3) − 4y (1.5x + 4y + 3) − 4.5x + 12y
= 2.25 x2 + 6xy + 4.5x − 6xy − 16y2 − 12y − 4.5x + 12y
= 2.25 x2 + (6xy − 6xy) + (4.5x − 4.5x) − 16y2 + (12y − 12y)
= 2.25x2 − 16y2
(viii) (a + b + c) (a + b − c)
= a (a + b − c) + b (a + b − c) + c (a + b − c)
= a2 + ab − ac + ab + b2 − bc + ca + bc − c2
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= a2 + b2 − c2 + (ab + ab) + (bc − bc) + (ca − ca)

= a2 + b2 − c2 + 2ab
Page 15 of 24

Exercise 9.5
Question 1:
Use a suitable identity to get each of the following products.
(i) (x + 3) (x + 3) (ii) (2y + 5) (2y + 5)
(iii) (2a − 7) (2a − 7) (iv)

(v) (1.1m − 0.4) (1.1 m + 0.4) (vi) (a2 + b2) (− a2 + b2)
(vii) (6x − 7) (6x + 7) (viii) (− a + c) (− a + c)
(ix) (x) (7a − 9b) (7a − 9b)

Answer:
The products will be as follows.
(i) (x + 3) (x + 3) = (x + 3)2
= (x)2 + 2(x) (3) + (3)2 [(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= x2 + 6x + 9
(ii) (2y + 5) (2y + 5) = (2y + 5)2
= (2y)2 + 2(2y) (5) + (5)2 [(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= 4y2 + 20y + 25
(iii) (2a − 7) (2a − 7) = (2a − 7)2
= (2a)2 − 2(2a) (7) + (7)2 [(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2]
= 4a2 − 28a + 49
(iv)
[(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2]
(v) (1.1m − 0.4) (1.1 m + 0.4)
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= (1.1m)2 − (0.4)2 [(a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2]

= 1.21m2 − 0.16
(vi) (a2 + b2) (− a2 + b2) = (b2 + a2) (b2 − a2)
= (b2)2 − (a2)2 [(a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2]
= b 4 − a4
(vii) (6x − 7) (6x + 7) = (6x)2 − (7)2 [(a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2]
= 36x2 − 49
(viii) (− a + c) (− a + c) = (− a + c)2
= (− a)2 + 2(− a) (c) + (c)2 [(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= a2 − 2ac + c2
(ix)
[(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
(x) (7a − 9b) (7a − 9b) = (7a − 9b)2

= (7a)2 − 2(7a)(9b) + (9b)2 [(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2]
= 49a2 − 126ab + 81b2
Question 2:
Use the identity (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab to find the following products.
(i) (x + 3) (x + 7) (ii) (4x +5) (4x + 1)
(iii) (4x − 5) (4x − 1) (iv) (4x + 5) (4x − 1)
(v) (2x +5y) (2x + 3y) (vi) (2a2 +9) (2a2 + 5)
(vii) (xyz − 4) (xyz − 2)
Answer:
The products will be as follows.
(i) (x + 3) (x + 7) = x2 + (3 + 7) x + (3) (7)
= x2 + 10x + 21
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(ii) (4x + 5) (4x + 1) = (4x)2 + (5 + 1) (4x) + (5) (1)

= 16x2 + 24x + 5
(iii)
= 16x2 − 24x + 5
(iv)
= 16x2 + 16x − 5
(v) (2x +5y) (2x + 3y) = (2x)2 + (5y + 3y) (2x) + (5y) (3y)
= 4x2 + 16xy + 15y2
(vi) (2a2 +9) (2a2 + 5) = (2a2)2 + (9 + 5) (2a2) + (9) (5)
= 4a4 + 28a2 + 45
(vii) (xyz − 4) (xyz − 2)
=
= x2y2z2 − 6xyz + 8
Question 3:
Find the following squares by suing the identities.
(i) (b − 7)2 (ii) (xy + 3z)2 (iii) (6x2 − 5y)2
(iv) (v) (0.4p − 0.5q)2 (vi) (2xy + 5y)2

Answer:
(i) (b − 7)2 = (b)2 − 2(b) (7) + (7)2 [(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2]
= b2 − 14b + 49
(ii) (xy + 3z)2 = (xy)2 + 2(xy) (3z) + (3z)2 [(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= x2y2 + 6xyz + 9z2
(iii) (6x2 − 5y)2 = (6x2)2 − 2(6x2) (5y) + (5y)2 [(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2]
= 36x4 − 60x2y + 25y2
(iv) [(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
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(v) (0.4p − 0.5q)2 = (0.4p)2 − 2 (0.4p) (0.5q) + (0.5q)2

[(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2]
= 0.16p2 − 0.4pq + 0.25q2
(vi) (2xy + 5y)2 = (2xy)2 + 2(2xy) (5y) + (5y)2
[(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= 4x2y2 + 20xy2 + 25y2
Question 4:
Simplify.
(i) (a2 − b2)2 (ii) (2x +5)2 − (2x − 5)2
(iii) (7m − 8n)2 + (7m + 8n)2 (iv) (4m + 5n)2 + (5m + 4n)2
(v) (2.5p − 1.5q)2 − (1.5p − 2.5q)2
(vi) (ab + bc)2 − 2ab2c (vii) (m2 − n2m)2 + 2m3n2
Answer:
(i) (a2 − b2)2 = (a2)2 − 2(a2) (b2) + (b2)2 [(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2 ]
= a4 − 2a2b2 + b4
(ii) (2x +5)2 − (2x − 5)2 = (2x)2 + 2(2x) (5) + (5)2 − [(2x)2 − 2(2x) (5) + (5)2]
[(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2]
[(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= 4x2 + 20x + 25 − [4x2 − 20x + 25]
= 4x2 + 20x + 25 − 4x2 + 20x − 25 = 40x
(iii) (7m − 8n)2 + (7m + 8n)2
= (7m)2 − 2(7m) (8n) + (8n)2 + (7m)2 + 2(7m) (8n) + (8n)2
[(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2 and (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= 49m2 − 112mn + 64n2 + 49m2 + 112mn + 64n2
= 98m2 + 128n2
(iv) (4m + 5n)2 + (5m + 4n)2
= (4m)2 + 2(4m) (5n) + (5n)2 + (5m)2 + 2(5m) (4n) + (4n)2
[ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
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= 16m2 + 40mn + 25n2 + 25m2 + 40mn + 16n2

= 41m2 + 80mn + 41n2
(v) (2.5p − 1.5q)2 − (1.5p − 2.5q)2
= (2.5p)2 − 2(2.5p) (1.5q) + (1.5q)2 − [(1.5p)2 − 2(1.5p)(2.5q) + (2.5q)2]
[(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2 ]
= 6.25p2 − 7.5pq + 2.25q2 − [2.25p2 − 7.5pq + 6.25q2]
= 6.25p2 − 7.5pq + 2.25q2 − 2.25p2 + 7.5pq − 6.25q2]
= 4p2 − 4q2
(vi) (ab + bc)2 − 2ab2c
= (ab)2 + 2(ab)(bc) + (bc)2 − 2ab2c [(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 ]
= a2b2 + 2ab2c + b2c2 − 2ab2c
= a2b2 + b2c2
(vii) (m2 − n2m)2 + 2m3n2
= (m2)2 − 2(m2) (n2m) + (n2m)2 + 2m3n2 [(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2 ]
= m4 − 2m3n2 + n4m2 + 2m3n2
= m4 + n4m2
Question 5:
Show that
(i) (3x + 7)2 − 84x = (3x − 7)2 (ii) (9p − 5q)2 + 180pq = (9p + 5q)2
(iii)
(iv) (4pq + 3q)2 − (4pq − 3q)2 = 48pq2
(v) (a − b) (a + b) + (b − c) (b + c) + (c − a) (c + a) = 0
Answer:
(i) L.H.S = (3x + 7)2 − 84x
= (3x)2 + 2(3x)(7) + (7)2 − 84x
= 9x2 + 42x + 49 − 84x
= 9x2 − 42x + 49
R.H.S = (3x − 7)2 = (3x)2 − 2(3x)(7) +(7)2
= 9x2 − 42x + 49
Page 20 of 24

L.H.S = R.H.S
(ii) L.H.S = (9p − 5q)2 + 180pq
= (9p)2 − 2(9p)(5q) + (5q)2 − 180pq
= 81p2 − 90pq + 25q2 + 180pq
= 81p2 + 90pq + 25q2
R.H.S = (9p + 5q)2
= (9p)2 + 2(9p)(5q) + (5q)2
= 81p2 + 90pq + 25q2
L.H.S = R.H.S
(iii) L.H.S =
(iv) L.H.S = (4pq + 3q)2 − (4pq − 3q)2

= (4pq)2 + 2(4pq)(3q) + (3q)2 − [(4pq)2 − 2(4pq) (3q) + (3q)2]
= 16p2q2 + 24pq2 + 9q2 − [16p2q2 − 24pq2 + 9q2]
= 16p2q2 + 24pq2 + 9q2 −16p2q2 + 24pq2 − 9q2
= 48pq2 = R.H.S
(v) L.H.S = (a − b) (a + b) + (b − c) (b + c) + (c − a) (c + a)
= (a2 − b2) + (b2 − c2) + (c2 − a2) = 0 = R.H.S.
Question 6:
Using identities, evaluate.
(i) 712 (ii) 992 (iii) 1022 (iv) 9982
(v) (5.2)2 (vi) 297 × 303 (vii) 78 × 82
(viii) 8.92 (ix) 1.05 × 9.5
Page 21 of 24

Answer:
(i) 712 = (70 + 1)2
= (70)2 + 2(70) (1) + (1)2 [(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 ]
= 4900 + 140 + 1 = 5041
(ii) 992 = (100 − 1)2
= (100)2 − 2(100) (1) + (1)2 [(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2 ]
= 10000 − 200 + 1 = 9801
(iii) 1022 = (100 + 2)2
= (100)2 + 2(100)(2) + (2)2 [(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 ]
= 10000 + 400 + 4 = 10404
(iv) 9982 = (1000 − 2)2
= (1000)2 − 2(1000)(2) + (2)2 [(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2 ]
= 1000000 − 4000 + 4 = 996004
(v) (5.2)2 = (5.0 + 0.2)2
= (5.0)2 + 2(5.0) (0.2) + (0.2)2 [(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 ]
= 25 + 2 + 0.04 = 27.04
(vi) 297 × 303 = (300 − 3) × (300 + 3)
= (300)2 − (3)2 [(a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2]
= 90000 − 9 = 89991
(vii) 78 × 82 = (80 − 2) (80 + 2)
= (80)2 − (2)2 [(a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2]
= 6400 − 4 = 6396
(viii) 8.92 = (9.0 − 0.1)2
= (9.0)2 − 2(9.0) (0.1) + (0.1)2 [(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2 ]
= 81 − 1.8 + 0.01 = 79.21
(ix) 1.05 × 9.5 = 1.05 × 0.95 × 10
= (1 + 0.05) (1− 0.05) ×10
= [(1)2 − (0.05)2] × 10
= [1 − 0.0025] × 10 [(a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2]
= 0.9975 × 10 = 9.975
Page 22 of 24

Question 7:
Using a2 − b2 = (a + b) (a − b), find
(i) 512 − 492 (ii) (1.02)2 − (0.98)2 (iii) 1532 − 1472
(iv) 12.12 − 7.92
Answer:
(i) 512 − 492 = (51 + 49) (51 − 49)
= (100) (2) = 200
(ii) (1.02)2 − (0.98)2 = (1.02 + 0.98) (1.02 − 0.98)
= (2) (0.04) = 0.08
(iii) 1532 − 1472 = (153 + 147) (153 − 147)
= (300) (6) = 1800
(iv) 12.12 − 7.92 = (12.1 + 7.9) (12.1 − 7.9)
= (20.0) (4.2) = 84
Question 8:
Using (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab, find
(i) 103 × 104 (ii) 5.1 × 5.2 (iii) 103 × 98 (iv) 9.7 × 9.8
Answer:
(i) 103 × 104 = (100 + 3) (100 + 4)
= (100)2 + (3 + 4) (100) + (3) (4)
= 10000 + 700 + 12 = 10712
(ii) 5.1 × 5.2 = (5 + 0.1) (5 + 0.2)
= (5)2 + (0.1 + 0.2) (5) + (0.1) (0.2)
= 25 + 1.5 + 0.02 = 26.52
(iii) 103 × 98 = (100 + 3) (100 − 2)
= (100)2 + [3 + (− 2)] (100) + (3) (− 2)
= 10000 + 100 − 6
= 10094
(iv) 9.7 × 9.8 = (10 − 0.3) (10 − 0.2)
= (10)2 + [(− 0.3) + (− 0.2)] (10) + (− 0.3) (− 0.2)
= 100 + (− 0.5)10 + 0.06 = 100.06 − 5 = 95.06
Page 23 of 24


Algebraic Expressions and Identities Practice Problems

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Class VIII Chapter 9 – Algebraic Expressions and Identities Maths

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

(vi) 0.3a 0.3

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

Thus, the sum of the given expressions is 0.

Thus, the sum of the given expressions is ab + bc + ac.

Thus, the sum of the given expressions is −p2q2 + 4pq + 9.

Thus, the sum of the given expressions is 2(l2 + m2 + n2 + lm + mn + nl).

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

(a) Subtract 4a − 7ab + 3b + 12 from 12a − 9ab + 5b − 3

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

2x − 5y 3x2 − 4xy 7x2y − 9x2y2

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

2x − 5y 3x2 − 4xy 7x2y − 9x2y2

2x 4x2 − 10xy 6x3 − 8x2y 14x3y − 18x3y2

− 5y − 10xy 25 y2 − 15x2y 20xy2 − 35x2y2 45x2y3

3x2 6x3 − 15x2y 9x4 − 12x3y 21x4y − 27x4y2

− 4xy − 8x2y 20xy2 − 12x3y 16x2y2 − 28x3y2 36x3y3

7x2y 14x3y − 35x2y2 21x4y − 28x3y2 49x4y2 − 63x4y3

− 9x2y2 − 18x3y2 45 x2y3 − 27x4y2 36x3y3 − 63x4y3 81x4y4

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

--- First expression Second Expression Product

(v) a+b+c abc -

- First expression Second Expression Product

(ii) x+y−5 5 xy 5x2y + 5xy2 − 25xy

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

(iii) p 6p2 − 7p + 5 6p3 − 7p2 + 5p

(iv) 4p2q2 p2 − q2 4p4q2 − 4p2q4

(v) a+b+c abc a2bc + ab2c + abc2

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

Therefore, the sum of the given expressions is p2 + q2 + r2 − pq − qr − rp.

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

(b) First expression = 2x (z − x − y) = 2xz − 2x2 − 2xy

Therefore, the result is 5l2 + 25ln.

Therefore, the result is −3a2 −2b2 + 4c2 − ab + 6bc − 7ac.

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

(ii) (a2 + 5) (b3 + 3) + 5

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

= a2 + b2 − c2 + (ab + ab) + (bc − bc) + (ca − ca)

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

(iii) (2a − 7) (2a − 7) (iv)

(ix) (x) (7a − 9b) (7a − 9b)

[(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2]

(v) (1.1m − 0.4) (1.1 m + 0.4)

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

= (1.1m)2 − (0.4)2 [(a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2]

[(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]

(x) (7a − 9b) (7a − 9b) = (7a − 9b)2

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

(ii) (4x + 5) (4x + 1) = (4x)2 + (5 + 1) (4x) + (5) (1)

(iv) (v) (0.4p − 0.5q)2 (vi) (2xy + 5y)2

(iv) [(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

(v) (0.4p − 0.5q)2 = (0.4p)2 − 2 (0.4p) (0.5q) + (0.5q)2

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

= 16m2 + 40mn + 25n2 + 25m2 + 40mn + 16n2

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051

(iv) L.H.S = (4pq + 3q)2 − (4pq − 3q)2

Head Office: 1/3-H-A-2, Street # 6, East Azad Nagar, Delhi-110051