All in The Family

all in the family
Contents
1 All in the Family 1

1.1 Premise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1 Main characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.2 Supporting characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.3 Recurring characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 History and production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.1 Theme song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.2 Setting and location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4 Episodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4.1 Broadcast history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4.2 Syndication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5 Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.6 Spin-os, inspiration, and TV specials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.7 DVD releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.8 Cultural impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.9 Awards and nominations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.9.1 Primetime Emmy Awards and Nominations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.9.2 Golden Globe Awards and Nominations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.9.3 TCA Heritage Award . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.10 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.12 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.13 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2 Carroll O'Connor 15
2.1 Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 Prolic character actor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2.1 Considered roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3 Television roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.1 All in the Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.2 Archie Bunkers Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3.3 In the Heat of the Night . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
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2.4 Career honors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.4.1 Other honors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.5 Family life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.6 Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.7 Personal quotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.8 Partial credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.8.1 Starring roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.8.2 Films (feature and made-for-TV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.8.3 Writer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.8.4 Producer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.8.5 Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.8.6 Crew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.8.7 Composer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.8.8 Series music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.8.9 Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.8.10 Guest starring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.8.11 Misc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.8.12 Archive footage featuring Carroll O'Connor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.9 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.10 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.11 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3 Archie Bunker 23
3.1 Character traits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.2 Character biography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3 Viewer reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.6 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4 Jean Stapleton 27
4.1 Early life and career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.2 Personal life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3 Death and reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.4 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.5 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5 Edith Bunker 31
5.1 Character background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.2 Ediths death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5.3 Cultural impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.4 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
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5.5 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6 Rob Reiner 34
6.1 Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.2 Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.3 Politics and activism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.4 Personal life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.5 Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.5.1 Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.5.2 As director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.5.3 As actor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.5.4 Television . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.5.5 As actor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.5.6 As writer or director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.5.7 As self . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.7 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7 Michael Stivic 37
7.1 Character overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.1.1 Meathead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
8 Sally Struthers 39
8.1 Personal life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
8.2 Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
8.3 Activism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
8.4 Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
8.4.1 Television credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
8.6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
8.7 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
9 Gloria Stivic 42
9.2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
10 Blowing a raspberry 44
10.1 Etymology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
10.2 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
10.3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
10.4 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
11 Counterculture of the 1960s 45

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11.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
11.1.1 Post-war geopolitics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
11.1.2 Sociological issues and calls to action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
11.1.3 Emergent media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
11.1.4 Changing lifestyles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
11.1.5 Law enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
11.1.6 The Vietnam War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
11.1.7 In Western Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
11.1.8 In Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
11.1.9 In Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
11.2 Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
11.2.1 Civil Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
11.2.2 Free Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
11.2.3 The New Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
11.2.4 Anti-war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
11.2.5 Anti-nuclear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
11.2.6 Feminism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
11.2.7 Free School Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.2.8 Environmentalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.2.9 Gay liberation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.3 Culture and lifestyles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
11.3.1 Hippies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
11.3.2 Marijuana, LSD, and other recreational drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
11.3.3 Sexual revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
11.3.4 Alternative media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
11.3.5 Alternative disc sports (Frisbee) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
11.3.6 Avant-garde art and anti-art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
11.3.7 Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
11.3.8 Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
11.3.9 Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
11.3.10 Religion, spirituality and the occult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
11.4 Criticism and legacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
11.5 Key gures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
11.6 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
11.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
11.8 Additional sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
11.9 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
12 Greatest Generation 71
12.1 The Greatest Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
12.2 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
12.3 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
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12.4 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
12.5 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
13 PostWorld War II baby boom 72

13.1 In the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
13.1.1 Denition of the boom years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
13.1.2 Historical and social background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
13.1.3 Marriage rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
13.1.4 Family sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
13.1.5 Easterlin models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
13.2 In Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
13.3 In Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
13.4 In the United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
13.5 European and South-Pacic trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
13.6 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
13.7 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
13.8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
13.8.1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
14 Sherman Hemsley 76
14.1 Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
14.2 Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
14.2.1 Stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
14.2.2 Work with Norman Lear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
14.2.3 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
14.3 Music career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
14.4 Personal life and death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
14.5 Filmography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
14.6 Discography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
14.7 Television work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
14.8 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
14.9 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
14.10External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
15 George Jeerson 80
15.2 Jeerson Cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
15.3 All in the Family appearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
15.3.1 Season Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
15.3.2 Season Five . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
15.3.3 Season Eight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
15.4 Cultural impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
vi CONTENTS
15.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
16 704 Hauser 83
16.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
16.2 Episodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
16.3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
16.4 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
17 Danielle Brisebois 84
17.1 Early life and acting career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
17.2 Music career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
17.3 Personal life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
17.4 Filmography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
17.5 Discography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
17.5.1 Albums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
17.5.2 Compilations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
17.5.3 Singles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
17.6 Songwriting credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
17.7.1 Awards won . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
17.7.2 Nominations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
17.8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
17.9 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
18 Stephanie Mills (All in the Family) 88

18.1 Character background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
18.2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
19 Hippie 89
19.1 Etymology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
19.2 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
19.2.1 Origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
19.2.2 Early hippies (19581966) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
19.2.3 Summer of Love (1967) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
19.2.4 Revolution (19671969) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
19.2.5 Aftershocks (1970present) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
19.3 Ethos and characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
19.3.1 Art and fashion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
19.3.2 Love and sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
19.3.3 Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
19.3.4 Spirituality and religion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
19.3.5 Politics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
19.3.6 Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
CONTENTS vii
19.4 Legacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

19.5 See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
19.6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
19.7 Further reading and resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
19.8 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
20 Archie Bunkers Place 111

20.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
20.2 Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
20.3 Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
20.4 Broadcast history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
20.5 Episodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
20.6 Nielsen ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
20.7 Notable episodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
20.8 DVD release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
20.9 Cultural References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
20.10References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
20.11External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
21 Martin Balsam 115

21.1 Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
21.2 Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
21.3 Filmography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
21.4 Personal life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
21.5 Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
21.6 Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
21.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
21.8 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
22 Celeste Holm 117

22.1 Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
22.2 Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
22.3 Honors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
22.4 Personal life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
22.5 Health and death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
22.6 Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
22.6.1 Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
22.6.2 Television . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
22.6.3 Theatre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
22.6.4 Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
22.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
22.8 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
viii CONTENTS
23 Allan Melvin 121

23.1 Life and career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
23.2 Filmography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
23.3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
23.4 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
24 Bill Quinn 123

24.1 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
24.2 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
25 Jason Wingreen 124

25.1 Early years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
25.2 Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
25.2.1 Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
25.2.2 Stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
25.2.3 Television . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
25.3 Personal life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
25.3.1 Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
25.4 Filmography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
25.4.1 Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
25.4.2 Television . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
25.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
25.6 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
26 Barbara Meek 127

26.1 Early life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
26.2 Career at Trinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
26.3 Other stage performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
26.4 Television roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
26.5 Honors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
26.6 Personal life and death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
26.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
26.8 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
26.9 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
26.9.1 Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
26.9.2 Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
26.9.3 Content license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Chapter 1
All in the Family
For other uses, see All in the Family (disambiguation). his view of the world . His ignorance and stubbornness
seem to cause his malapropism-lled arguments to self-
All in the Family is an American sitcom that was origi- destruct. He often responds to uncomfortable truths by
blowing a raspberry. He longs for better times when peo-
nally broadcast on the CBS television network from Jan-
uary 12, 1971, to April 8, 1979. In September 1979, a ple sharing his viewpoint were in charge, as evidenced
by the nostalgic theme song Those Were the Days, the
new show, Archie Bunkers Place, picked up where All in
the Family had ended. That sitcom lasted another four shows original title. Despite his bigotry, he is portrayed
as loveable and decent, as well as a man who is simply
years, ending its run in 1983.
struggling to adapt to the changes in the world, rather than
Produced by Norman Lear and Bud Yorkin and starring someone motivated by hateful racism or prejudice.
Carroll O'Connor, Jean Stapleton, Rob Reiner, and Sally
Struthers, All in the Family revolves around the life of By contrast, Archies wife, Edith (Jean Stapleton), is a
a working-class bigot and his family. The show broke sweet and understanding, if somewhat nave, woman who
ground in its depiction of issues previously considered usually defers to her husband. On the rare occasions when
unsuitable for U.S. network television comedy, such as Edith takes a stand she proves to be one of the wisest
racism, homosexuality, womens liberation, rape, reli- characters, as evidenced in the episodes "The Battle of
gion, miscarriage, abortion, breast cancer, the Vietnam the Month" and "The Games Bunkers Play". Archie of-
War, menopause, and impotence. Through depicting ten tells her to stie herself and calls her a dingbat.[7]
these controversial issues, the series became arguably one Despite their dierent personalities they love each other
of televisions most inuential comedic programs, as it in- deeply.
jected the sitcom format with more realistic and topical They have one child, Gloria (Sally Struthers) who, for the
conicts.[2] most part, is kind and good natured, like her mother, but
The show ranked number-one in the yearly Nielsen rat- who also on occasion displays traces of her fathers stub-
ings from 1971 to 1976. It became the rst televi- bornness; she becomes more of an outspoken feminist as
sion series to reach the milestone of having topped the the series progresses. Gloria is married to college stu-
Nielsen ratings for ve consecutive years. The episode dent Michael Stivic (Rob Reiner). Michael is referred
Sammys Visit was ranked #13 on TV Guides 100 to as Meathead by Archie and Mike by nearly ev-
Greatest Episodes of All Time.[3] TV Guides 50 Great- eryone else. Mike is a bit of a hippie, and his moral-
est TV Shows of All Time ranked All in the Family as #4. ity is inuenced and shaped by the counterculture of the
Bravo also named the shows protagonist, Archie Bunker, 1960s. He and Archie represent the real-life clash be-
TVs greatest character of all time.[4] In 2013, the Writers tween the Greatest Generation and the Baby Boomers.
Guild of America ranked All in the Family the fourth best They constantly clash over religious, political, social, and
written TV series ever[5] and TV Guide ranked it as the personal issues. For much of the series, the Stivics live in
fourth greatest show of all time.[6] the Bunkers home to save money, providing even more
opportunity for the two men to irritate each other. When
Mike nally nishes graduate school and the Stivics move
out, it turns out to be to the house next door. The house
1.1 Premise was oered to them by George Jeerson, the Bunkers
former neighbor, who knows it will irritate Archie. In ad-
dition to calling him Meathead, Archie also frequently
All in the Family revolves around Archie Bunker (Carroll
cites Mikes Polish ancestry, referring to him as a dumb
O'Connor), a working-class World War II veteran living
Polack.
in Queens, New York. He is a short-tempered, outspo-
ken bigot, seemingly prejudiced against everyone who is The show is set in the Astoria section of Queens, one
not a U.S.-born, heterosexual White Anglo-Saxon Protes- of New York Citys ve boroughs, with the vast major-
tant male, and dismissive of anyone not in agreement with ity of scenes taking place in the Bunkers home at 704
1
2 CHAPTER 1. ALL IN THE FAMILY
Hauser Street (and later, frequently, the Stivics home). the original series run but decided to leave before the
Occasional scenes take place in other locations, most of- rst season of Archie Bunkers Place had wrapped
ten (especially during later seasons) Kelseys Bar, a neigh- up. At that point Edith was written out as hav-
borhood tavern where Archie spends a good deal of time ing suered a stroke and died o-camera, leaving
and which he eventually buys. The house seen in the Archie to deal with the death of his beloved ding-
opening is at 89-70 Cooper Avenue near the junction of bat. Stapleton appeared in all but four episodes of
the Glendale, Middle Village, and Rego Park sections of All in the Family and had a recurring role during the
Queens. According to the US Postal Service, the o- rst season of Archie Bunkers Place. In the series
cial address is: 8970 COOPER AVE, REGO PARK NY rst episode, Edith is portrayed as being less of a
11374-5324.[8] dingbat and even sarcastically refers to her husband
as Mr. Religion, here... after they come home
from church, something her character wouldn't be
1.2 Cast expected to say, later.
Sally Struthers as Gloria Stivic, ne Bunker. The

1.2.1 Main characters Bunkers college-age daughter was married to
Michael Stivic. Gloria frequently attempted to
mediate Archies and Michaels arguments. The
roles of the Bunkers daughter and son-in-law (then
named Dickie) initially went to Candice Azzara
and Chip Oliver. However, after seeing the shows
pilot, ABC, the original production company, re-
quested a second pilot expressing dissatisfaction
with both actors. Lear later recast the roles of Glo-
ria and Dickie with Struthers and Reiner. Penny
Marshall (Reiners wife, whom he married in April
1971, shortly after the program began) was also con-
sidered for the role of Gloria. During the earlier
seasons of the show, Struthers was known to be dis-
contented with how static her part was, frequently
coming o as irritating and having only a few to-
ken lines. As the series continued Glorias charac-
ter became more developed, satisfying Struthers.[10]
Struthers appeared in 157 of the 202 episodes dur-
ing the rst eight seasonsfrom January 12, 1971
to March 19, 1978. She later reprised the role in
the spin-o series Gloria, which lasted for a single
season in 1982-83.
The Bunkers & the Stivics: standing, Gloria (Sally Struthers) and
Michael (Rob Reiner); seated, Archie (Carroll O'Connor) and Rob Reiner as Michael Stivic. Glorias Polish-
Edith (Jean Stapleton) with baby Joey.
American hippie husband was part of the coun-
terculture of the 1960s. He constantly sparred
with Archie (in the original pilot, he was Irish-
Carroll O'Connor as Archie Bunker. Frequently American). Michael was, in many ways, as stub-
called a lovable bigot, Archie was an assertively born as Archie, even though his moral views were
prejudiced blue-collar worker. Former child ac- generally presented as being more ethical and his
tor Mickey Rooney was Lears rst choice to play logic somewhat sounder. Though this was true, he
Archie, but Rooney declined the oer because of was generally portrayed in a more negative light than
the strong potential for controversy and, in Rooneys Archie; Archie was portrayed in a more sympathetic
opinion, a poor chance for success. Scott Brady, for- sense, while Michael was portrayed as loudmouthed
merly of the western series Shotgun Slade, also de- and at times, demanding. He consistently tried to
clined the role of Archie Bunker, but appeared four prove himself correct (as evidenced in the episode
times on the series in 1976 in the role of Joe Foley. The Games Bunkers Play) and seemed desperate
O'Connor missed 7 episodes of the series run. to convince people that his way was the right way
to go all the time, even more than Archie, who gave
Jean Stapleton as Edith Bunker, ne Baines. It up giving advice about his way when there was no
was Stapleton who developed Ediths recognizable point. This would occasionally, if not often, end
voice.[9] Stapleton remained with the show through him up in conict with his friends and wife. For
1.2. CAST 3
his bullheadedness, Stivic was sometimes criticized in the rst season. Although previously mentioned
for being an elitist. He also struggled with assump- many times, George was not seen until 1973. Hem-
tions of male superiority. He spoke of believing in sley, who was Norman Lears rst choice to play
female equality, but often tried to control Glorias George, was performing in the Broadway musical
decisions and desires in terms of traditional gender Purlie and did not want to break his commitment to
roles. While Archie was a representative of sup- that show. However, Lear kept the role waiting for
posed bigotry and demonstrated the lions share of him until he had nished with the musical. Plots fre-
the hypocrisy, Michael, on many occasions, showed quently nd Archie and George at odds with one an-
his own. As discussed in All in the Family retrospec- other, while Edith and Louise attempt to join forces
tives, Richard Dreyfuss sought the part but Norman to bring about a resolution. They later moved to an
Lear was convinced to cast Reiner. Reiner appeared apartment in Manhattan which resulted in their own
in 174 of the 202 episodes of the series during the show The Jeersons.
rst eight seasonsfrom January 12, 1971 to March
19, 1978. Reiner is also credited with writing three Mel Stewart, as Georges brother Henry Jeerson.
of the series episodes.[11] The two appeared together only once, in the 1973
episode in which the Bunkers host Henrys going-
Danielle Brisebois as Ediths 9-year-old grandniece, away party, marking Stewarts nal episode and
Stephanie Mills, who is a regular throughout the 9th Hemsleys rst. Even when the Jeersons were spun
season. The Bunkers take her in after the childs fa- o into their own show in 1975, Stewarts charac-
ther, Floyd Mills, abandons her on their doorstep in ter was rarely referred to again and was never seen.
1978 (he later extorts money from them to let them In the closing credits of "The First and Last Sup-
keep her). She remained with the show through its per" episode, Mel Stewart is incorrectly credited as
transition to Archie Bunkers Place, and appeared in playing George Jeerson. Stewart was actually play-
all four seasons of the latter show. ing Georges brother, Henry Jeerson, who was pre-
tending to be George for most of the episode.
1.2.2 Supporting characters Bea Arthur as Ediths cousin Maude. Maude was
white-collared and ultra-liberal, the perfect foil to
Archie and one of his main antagonists. She
appeared in only two episodes, Cousin Maudes
Visit, where she took care of the Bunker house-
hold when all four were sick and Maude, during
the shows second season. She then went on to her
own spin-o series, Maude, in fall 1972.
Betty Garrett and Vincent Gardenia as the liberal

and Roman Catholic next-door neighbors Irene and
Frank Lorenzo. Both rst appeared as a married
couple as Irene was trying to use the Bunkers phone.
However, during an argument earlier in the episode,
Archie and Mike had broken the phone wire. Irene
being a 'handyman' of sorts with her own tools,
which she carried in her purse, xed it. Irene xed
many things at the Bunker house during her time
on the show. She also had a sister who was a nun
and appeared in one episode. It is revealed in the
episode Ediths Christmas Story that Irene has had a
When Archie visits a local blood bank to make a donation, he
meets his neighbor, Lionel Jeerson, who is there to do the same mastectomy. Archie got her a job as a forklift op-
thing. erator at the plant where Archie worked. Irene was
a strongwilled woman of Irish heritage, and Frank
was a jovial Italian househusband who loved cook-
Sherman Hemsley as George Jeerson, Isabel San- ing and singing. He also was a salesman, but it never
ford as his wife Louise, and Mike Evans as their was said what he sold. Gardenia, who also appeared
son Lionel, Archies black neighbors. George is as Jim Bowman in Episode 8 of Season 1 (as the man
Archies combative black counterpart, while Louise who sold his house to the Jeersons) and as Cur-
is a smarter, more assertive version of Edith. Li- tis Rempley in Episode 7 of Season 3 (as a swinger
onel rst appeared in the series premiere episode opposite Rue McClanahan), became a semi-regular
"Meet the Bunkers", with Louise appearing later along with Garrett in 1973. Gardenia only stayed for
one season as Frank Lorenzo, but Garrett remained Archie purchases it and eventually becomes his busi-
until her character was phased out in late 1975. ness partner. Harry had initially tried to buy the bar
from Kelcy, but Archie was able to come up with the
Allan Melvin as Archies neighbor and best friend money rst, by taking a mortgage out on his house,
Barney Hefner. The character rst appeared in 1972 which the Bunkers own outright.
as a fairly minor character. Barneys role expanded
Gloria LeRoy as Mildred Boom-Boom Turner, a
toward the end of the series, after the departures of
buxom, middle-aged secretary at the plant where
Reiner and Struthers. He also appeared as a regular
Archie works. Her rst appearance was when
in all four seasons of Archie Bunkers Place.
Archie is lost on his way to a convention and Mike
and Gloria suspect he and she could be having an af-
1.2.3 Recurring characters fair. Archie gave her that moniker as she was walk-
ing by the loading dock. He said when she walked,
James Cromwell as Jerome[12] Stretch Cunning- Boom-Boom. She is not initially fond of Archie
ham (19731976) The Funniest Man in The due to his and Stretchs leering and sexist behav-
World, Archies friend and co-worker from the ior, but later becomes friendly with him, occasion-
loading dock (Archie claims that he is known as the ally working as a barmaid at Archies Place. Glo-
Bob Hope of the loading platform). What Archie ria LeRoy also appeared in a third season episode
did not know was that Stretch was Jewish, evident as Bobbi Jo, the wife of Archies old war buddy
only after Stretch died and Archie went to the fu- Duke.
neral. Archies eulogy for his friend is often referred Barnard Hughes as Father Majeskie, a local Catholic
to as a rare occasion when he was capable of show- priest who was suspected by Archie one time of
ing the humanity he tried so earnestly to hide. In the trying to convert Edith. He appeared in multiple
episode titled Archie in the Cellar, Billy Sands is episodes. The rst time was when Edith acciden-
referred to as Stretch Cunningham, the voice on the tally hit Majeskies car in the shopping parking lot
tape recorder telling jokes. Sands also appeared as with a can of cling peaches in heavy syrup.
other characters on the show during its run, usually
in Kelseys Bar as a patron. Eugene Roche appeared as practical jokester friend
and fellow lodge member Pinky Peterson, one
Liz Torres as Theresa Betancourt (19761977), a of Archie Bunkers buddies, in three episodes;
Puerto Rican nursing student who initially meets rst in the episode Beverly Rides Again, then
Archie when he is admitted to the hospital for the memorable Christmas Day episode called The
surgery; she later rents Mikes and Glorias former Draft Dodger (Episode 146, 1976), and nally the
room at the Bunker house. She called Archie Papi. episode Archies Other WIfe.
Torres had just completed the rst season of the
CBS sitcom Phyllis in the spring of 1976 before be- Sorrell Booke as Lyle Sanders, personnel manager
ing dropped from the cast. (She had replaced the at Archie Bunkers workplace, Prendergast Tool and
late actress Barbara Colby in the role of Julie Ersk- Die Company. (He had previously appeared on the
ine). Torres joined All in the Family in the fall of series as Lyle Bennett, the manager of a local tele-
1976, but her character was not popular with view- vision station, in the episode Archie and the Edito-
ers, and the role was phased out before the end of rial in Season 3.)
the season.
Lori Shannon as Beverly La Salle, a transvestite en-
Billy Halop as Mr. Munson (197174), the cab tertainer, who appeared in three episodes: Archie
driver who lets Archie use his cab to make extra the Hero, Beverly Rides Again, and Ediths Cri-
money. sis of Faith, where he and Mike are attacked, and
he is killed while defending him.[14]
Bob Hastings as Kelcy or Tommy Kelsey, who owns
the bar Archie frequents and later buys. Kelcy was Estelle Parsons as Blanche Hefner (19771979),
also played by Frank Maxwell in the episode Archie Barneys second wife. Blanche and Archie are not
Gets The Business. The name of the establishment fond of one another, though Edith likes her very
is Kelcys Bar (as seen in the bar window in various much. The character is mentioned throughout much
episodes). However, due to a continuity error, the of the series after Barneys rst wife, Mabel, had
end credits[13] of episodes involving the bar owner died, though she only appeared in a handful of
spell the name Kelcy for the rst two seasons and episodes during the last couple of seasons. Es-
Kelsey thereafter, although the end credits show telle Parsons also appeared in the season 7 episode
Kelcy in the "Archie Gets the Business" episode. Archies Secret Passion as Dolores Fencel.
Jason Wingreen as Harry Snowden, a bartender Bill Quinn as Mr. Edgar Van Ranseleer (a.k.a. Mr.
at Kelcys Bar who continues to work there after Van R), a blind patron and regular at the bar. He
1.3. HISTORY AND PRODUCTION 5
was almost never referred to by his rst name. In a Gloria and Mike adopted them as their godgrand-
running joke, Archie usually waves his hand in front parents. Out of most of the characters, Archie took
of Mr. Van Rs face when he speaks to him. His role a liking to Justin and Jo. She died following the end
was later expanded on Archie Bunkers Place, where of the 6th season.
he appeared in all four seasons.
William Benedict as Jimmy McNabb. The Bunkers
Burt Mustin as Justin Quigley, a esty octogenar- neighbor who was starting a petition to keep minori-
ian. Mr. Quigley rst appeared in the episode: ties out of their neighborhood. He appeared in two
Edith Finds an Old Man (Season 4 Ep 3 Sept episodes during the rst and second season, and was
23, 1973) where he runs away from the Sunshine referred to many times during the rst few seasons.
Home where Edith volunteers. He temporarily
moves in with the Bunkers and soon nds a geriatric Jack Grimes as Mr. Whitehead. A member of
sweetheart, Josephine Jo Nelson, played by Ruth Archies lodge, and local funeral director. The death
McDevitt. He appeared in 4 other episodes includ- of Archies cousin Oscar in a season 2 episode of All
ing: Archies Weighty Problem. in the Family brings the very short, white-haired and
silver-tongued Whitehead with his catalog of cas-
Nedra Volz as Aunt Iola. Ediths aunt who was men- kets.
tioned several times in the 8th season and stayed
with the Bunkers for two weeks. Edith wanted her to
move in, but Archie would not allow it, though when 1.3 History and production
he thought Iola didn't have any place to go, he told
her privately that she could always stay with them.
The show came about when Norman Lear read an arti-
Francine Beers and Jane Connell as Sybil Gooley, cle in Variety magazine on Till Death Us Do Part and its
who worked at Fergusons Market. Frequently men- success in the United Kingdom.[15] He immediately knew
tioned, usually by Edith, Sybil predicted that Glo- it portrayed a relationship just like the one between him
ria and Mike were having a baby boy by performing and his father.[16]
a test on Gloria. She also appeared in the episode Lear bought the rights to the show and incorporated his
Ediths 50th Birthday and spilled the beans on herown family experiences with his father into the show.
surprise party because she had not been invited. SheLears father would tell Lears mother to stie herself
and Archie did not get along, and he referred to herand she would tell Lears father you are the laziest white
as a Big Mouth. man I ever saw (two Archieisms that found their way
Rae Allen and Elizabeth Wilson as Cousin Amelia. onto the show).
Archie detested both Amelia and her husband, Russ, The original pilot was titled Justice for All and was
who were both wealthy. Once she sent Edith a mink developed for ABC. Tom Bosley, Jack Warden, and
and Archie wanted to send it back, until he found Jackie Gleason were all considered for the role of Archie
out how much it was worth. In another episode, both Bunker. In fact, CBS wanted to buy the rights to the orig-
Amelia and her husband gave the Bunkers Hawaiian inal show and retool it specically for Gleason, who was
shirts. Amelia was played by two dierent actresses under contract to them, but producer Norman Lear beat
throughout the rst few seasons of the show. out CBS for the rights and oered the show to ABC.
Richard Dysart as Russ DeKuyper, Amelias hus- In the pilot, Carroll O'Connor and Jean Stapleton played
band, a plumber who continued the business started Archie and Edith Justice. Kelly Jean Peters played Glo-
by Amelias father and uncles and walked into a ria and Tim McIntire played her husband, Richard. It was
successful plumbing concern, and who constantly taped in October 1968 in New York City. After screen-
aunts his monetary wealth in front of Archie and ing the rst pilot, ABC gave the producers more money
looks askance at the way Archie lives. Russ was laterto shoot a second pilot, titled Those Were the Days, which
played by George S. Irving in season 5. was taped in February 1969 in Hollywood. Candice
Azzara played Gloria and Chip Oliver played Richard.
Clyde Kusatsu as Reverend Chong. Reverend D'Urville Martin played Lionel Jeerson in both pilots.
Chong appeared in several episodes. He refused to
baptize little Joey in Season 6, and then remarried After stations and viewers complaints caused ABC to
both Archie and Edith and Mike and Gloria in Sea- cancel Turn-On after only one episode in February 1969,
son 8, and gave counsel to Stephanie in Season 9 as the network became uneasy about airing a show with a
it was learned she was Jewish. foul-mouthed, bigoted lead character, and rejected the
series[17][18] at about the time Richard Dreyfuss sought
Ruth McDevitt as Josephine Jo Nelson. She the role of Michael. Rival network CBS was eager to up-
played Justin Quigleys girlfriend, the older man date its image and was looking to replace much of its then
Edith found walking around the supermarket. She popular rural programming (Mayberry R.F.D., The
appeared in three episodes from the 4th-6th seasons. Beverly Hillbillies, Petticoat Junction, and Green Acres)
with more urban, contemporary series and was inter- ditional lyrics. The song is a simple, pentatonic melody
ested in Lears project. CBS bought the rights from ABC (that can be played exclusively with black keys on a piano)
and retitled the show All in the Family. The pilot episode in which Archie and Edith wax nostalgic for the simpler
CBS developed had the nal cast and was the series rst days of yesteryear. A longer version of the song was re-
episode. leased as a single on Atlantic Records, reaching No. 30
Lear initially wanted to shoot in black and white as Till on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart early in 1972;
Death Us Do Part had been. While CBS insisted on color, the additional lyrics in this longer version lend the song a
Lear had the set furnished in rather neutral tones, keep- greater sense of sadness, and make poignant reference to
social changes taking place in the 1960s and early 1970s.
ing everything relatively devoid of color. As costume de-
signer Rita Riggs described in her 2001 Archive of Amer- A few perceptible drifts can be observed when listening
ican Television interview, Lears idea was to create the to each version chronologically: In the original version
feeling of sepia tones, in an attempt to make viewers feel Jean Stapleton was wearing glasses and after the rst time
as if they were looking at an old family album. the lyric Those Were The Days was sung over the tonic
All in the Family was the rst major American series to (root chord of the songs key) the piano strikes a Domi-
be videotaped in front of a live studio audience. In the nant 7th chord in transition to the next part which is ab-
1960s, most sitcoms had been lmed in the single-camera sent from subsequent versions. Jean Stapletons screech-
format without audiences, with a laugh track simulating ing high note on the line And you knew where you
an audience response. Lear employed the multi-camera WEEERRE then became louder, longer, and more com-
format of shooting in front of an audience, but used tape, ical, although it was only in the original version that au-
whereas previous multi-camera shows like Mary Tyler dience laughter was heard in response to her rendition of
Moore had used lm. Thanks to the success of All in the the note; Carroll O'Connors pronunciation of "welfare
Family, videotaping sitcoms in front of an audience be- state" gained more of Archies trademark enunciation and
came a common format for the genre during the 1970s, the closing lyrics (especially Gee, our old LaSalle ran
the 1980s and the 1990s. The use of videotape also gave great.) were sung with increasingly deliberate articula-
All in the Family the look and feel of early live television, tion, as viewers had initially complained that they could
including the original live broadcasts of The Honeymoon- not understand the words. Also in the original version
ers, to which All in the Family is sometimes compared. the camera angle was shot slightly from the right side of
the talent as opposed to the straight on angle of the next
For the shows nal season, the practice of being taped be- version.
fore a live audience changed to playing the already taped
and edited show to an audience and recording their laugh- In addition to O'Connor and Stapleton singing, footage
ter to add to the original sound track. Thus, the voice-over is also shown beginning with aerial shots of Manhattan,
during the end credits was changed from Rob Reiners and continuing to Queens, progressively zooming in, cul-
"All in the Family was recorded on tape before a live audi- minating with a still shot of a lower middle-class semi-
ence to Carroll O'Connors "All in the Family was played detached home, presumably representing the Bunkers
to a studio audience for live responses. (Typically, the house in Astoria. The house shown in the opening credits,
audience would be gathered for a taping of One Day at however, is actually located at 8970 [20][21]
Cooper Avenue in
a Time, and get to see All In the Family as a bonus.) the Glendale section of Queens, New York. There
Throughout its run, Norman Lear took pride in the fact is a notable dierence, however, between the Cooper Av-
that canned laughter was never used (mentioning this on enue house and the All in the Family set: there is no
many occasions); the laughter heard in the episodes was porch on the Cooper Avenue house, while the Bunkers
genuine. home featured a front porch. The footage for the open-
ing had been shot back in 1968 for the series rst pi-
lot, thus the establishing shot of the Manhattan skyline
was completely devoid of the World Trade Center towers,
1.3.1 Theme song which had not yet been built. When the series aired two
years later, the Trade Center towers, although under con-
The series opening theme song Those Were The struction, had still not yet risen high enough to become a
Days,[19] written by Lee Adams (lyrics) and Charles prominent feature on the Manhattan skyline (this did not
Strouse (music), was presented in a unique way for a happen until the end of 1971). Despite this change in the
1970s series: Carroll O'Connor and Jean Stapleton seated Manhattan skyline, the original 1968 footage continued
at a console or spinet piano (played by Stapleton) and to be used for the series opening until the series transi-
singing the tune on-camera at the start of every episode, tioned into Archie Bunkers Place in 1979. At that point
concluding with live-audience applause. (The song dates a new opening with current shots of the Manhattan sky-
back to the rst Justice For All pilot, although on that oc- line were used with the Trade Center towers being seen
casion O'Connor and Stapleton performed the song o- in the closing credits. This opening format showing ac-
camera and at a faster tempo than the series version.) tual footage of the cities and neighborhoods in which the
Several dierent performances were recorded over the show was set became the standard for most of Norman
run of the series, including one version that includes ad-
1.3. HISTORY AND PRODUCTION 7
Lears sitcoms including Maude, Good Times, and The

Jeersons.
At the end of the opening the camera then returns to a few
nal seconds of O'Connor and Stapleton, as they nish the
song. In one version of the opening Archie hugs Edith at
the conclusion, while another version sees Edith smiling
blissfully at Archie, while Archie puts a cigar in his mouth
and returns a rather cynical look to Edith. Additionally,
in the rst three versions of the opening Archie is seen
wearing his classic trademark white shirt. In the last ver-
sion of the opening for the series ninth season, Archie is
seen wearing a grey sweater-jacket over his white shirt.
The opening for the animated series Family Guy begins
with Peter and Lois Grin singing at the piano, a tribute
to the All in the Family opening. As with Those Were the
Days, the lyrics to the Family Guy theme song also seem
to imply that things have changed for the worse since the
old days (But where are those good old fashioned val-
ues/On which we used to rely?"). The All in the Fam-
ily opening is also parodied in The Simpsons ninth-season
episode "Lisas Sax", as Homer and Marge Simpson sit at
a piano and perform Those Were the Days with altered
lyrics pertaining to the episodes plot.
In interviews, Norman Lear stated that the idea for the
piano song introduction was a cost-cutting measure. Af-
ter completion of the pilot episode, the budget would not
allow an elaborate scene to serve as the sequence played The house featured in the opening credits sequence, as it appeared
during the shows opening credits. Lear decided to have in late 2013.
a simple scene of Archie and Edith singing at the piano.
The closing theme (an instrumental) was Remembering The faade of the house shown at the show opening
You played by Roger Kellaway with lyrics co-written by is an actual home located at 89-70 Cooper Avenue,
Carroll O'Connor. It was played over footage of the same Glendale, Queens, New York, across from St. John
row of houses in Queens as in the opening (but moving Cemetery (404245N 735139W / 40.712492N
in the opposite direction down the street), and eventu- 73.860784W).[20]
ally moving back to aerial shots of Manhattan, suggesting
Many real Queens institutions are mentioned throughout
the visit to the Bunkers home has concluded. O'Connor
the series. Carroll OConnor, a real-life Queens native
recorded a vocal version of Remembering You for a
from Forest Hills, said in an interview with the Archive
record album, but though he performed it several times on
of American Television that he suggested to the writers
TV appearances, the lyrics (about the end of a romance)
many of the locations to give the series authenticity. For
were never heard in the actual series.
example, it is revealed that Archie attended Flushing High
Except for some brief instances in the rst season, there School, a real high school located in Flushing, Queens
was no background or transitional music. (although in the Man Of The Year episode of Archie
Bunkers Place, it is revealed that Archie attended Bryant
High School in Long Island City, graduating in 1940).
1.3.2 Setting and location As another example, the 1976 episode The Baby Con-
test deals with Archie entering baby Joey in a cutest baby
Lear and his writers set the series in the Queens neighbor- contest sponsored by the Long Island Daily Press, a then-
hood of Astoria. The exact location of the Bunkers house operating local newspaper in Queens and Long Island.
at 704 Hauser Street is completely ctitious (no Hauser Additionally, the writers of All in the Family continued
Street exists in Queens), however, and factually incorrect throughout the series to have the Bunkers, as well as other
with the way addresses are given in Queens (all address characters, use telephone exchange names when giving
numbers are hyphenated, containing the location of the a telephone number (most other series at the time, such
nearest numbered street). Nevertheless, many episodes as The Mary Tyler Moore Show, were using the stan-
reveal that the Bunkers live near the major thoroughfare dard fake 555 telephone number) at a time when AT&T
Northern Boulevard, which was the location of Kelseys was earnestly trying to discontinue them. At dier-
Bar and later Archie Bunkers Place. ent times throughout the series, the telephone exchanges
Ravenswood and Bayside were used for the Bunkers tele- 1.4.2 Syndication
phone number. Both exchanges were and still are applica-
ble names for phone numbers in the neighborhoods of As- During the shows sixth season, starting on December 1,
toria and Bayside. This may have had to do with the fact 1975, CBS began showing reruns on weekdays, replac-
that at the time many major cities in the United States, ing long-running soap opera The Edge of Night, which
such as New York, were resisting the dropping of tele- had been purchased by ABC. This lasted until Septem-
phone exchange names in favor of all-number calling, and ber 1979, at which point the reruns entered o-network
were still printing their telephone books with exchange syndication. Originally it was syndicated by Viacom.
names. Actual residents of the Bunkers age continued The show was picked up in most television markets as
using exchange names into the early 1980s. This fact such. In 1991, the show began to be syndicated by
is referred to in the 1979 episode The Appendectomy, Columbia/Embassy and has been by their heirs ever since.
when Edith, while dialing a telephone number, uses the
Since the late 1980s, All in the Family has been rerun
Parkview exchange name only to correct herself by saying
on various cable and satellite networks including TBS
that she keeps forgetting that its all-number dialing now.
(though they had the rights locally in Atlanta as well), TV
However, she comes to the conclusion that the number is
Land and Nick at Nite. Since January 3, 2011, the show
exactly the same either way.
has been airing on Antenna TV.
The cast settled their residual rights for a cash payout early
1.4 Episodes in the production run.[23]
Main article: List of All in the Family episodes

1.5 Ratings
Sammys Visit, rst broadcast in February 1972, is
a particularly notable episode, whose famous episode- All in the Family is one of three television shows (The
ending scene produced the longest sustained audience Cosby Show and American Idol being the others) that have
laughter in the history of the show. Guest star Sammy been No. 1 in the Nielsen ratings for ve consecutive TV
Davis, Jr. plays himself in the episode. Davis leaves a seasons. The show remained in the top-ten for seven of
briefcase behind in Archies taxi (Archie is moonlight- its nine seasons.
ing as a cab driver) and goes to the Bunker home to pick The series nale was seen by 40.2 million viewers.[32]
it up. After hearing Archies racist remarks, Davis asks
for a photograph with him. At the moment the picture
is taken, Davis suddenly kisses a stunned Archie on the
cheek. The ensuing laughter went on for so long that it
1.6 Spin-os, inspiration, and TV
had to be severely edited[22] for network broadcast, as specials
Carroll O'Connor still had one line (Well, what the hell
he said it was in his contract!") to deliver after the kiss. According to The Complete Directory to Prime Time Net-
(The line is usually cut in syndication.) work and Cable TV Shows 1946Present, All in the Fam-
ily has the most spin-os for a prime-time television se-
1.4.1 Broadcast history ries, spawning ve other shows, three of which were
highly successful and two of which are spin-os from
Tuesday at 9:30-10:00 PM on CBS: January 12 spin-os.[33]
April 6, 1971
Saturday at 8:00-8:30 PM on CBS: September 18, The rst spin-o was Maude on September 12,
1971March 8, 1975 1972. Maude Findlay, played by Bea Arthur, was
Ediths cousin; she had rst appeared on All in the
Monday at 9:00-9:30 PM on CBS: September 8, Family in the episode Cousin Maudes Visit, which
1975March 8, 1976 aired on December 11, 1971, in order to help take
care of the Bunkers when they all were sick with
Wednesday at 9:00-9:30 PM on CBS: September
a nasty u virus. Maude disliked Archie intensely,
22October 27, 1976
mainly because she thought Edith could have mar-
Saturday at 9:00-9:30 PM on CBS: November 6, ried better, but also because Archie was a conser-
1976March 12, 1977 vative while Maude was very liberal in her politics,
especially when Archie denounced Maudes support
Sunday at 9:00-9:30 PM on CBS: October 9,
of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Maude was featured
1977October 1, 1978
in another All in the Family episode in which Archie
Sunday at 8:00-8:30 PM on CBS: October 8, and Edith visited Maudes home in Westchester
1978April 8, 1979 County to attend the wedding of Maudes daughter
1.6. SPIN-OFFS, INSPIRATION, AND TV SPECIALS 9
Carol. It aired as the nale of the second season Mikes son, now in his 20s, makes a brief appearance
on March 11, 1972, titled Maude. The episode in the rst episode.
was essentially designed to set up the premise for
the spin-o series that would air later in the year. At the height of the shows popularity, Henry Fonda
In the episode, Bill Macy played Maudes husband, hosted a special one-hour retrospective of All in the Fam-
Walter; it was a role he reprised for the weekly se- ily and its impact on American television. Included were
ries that fall. Marcia Rodd, the actress who played clips from the shows most memorable episodes up to that
Carol in the episode, was replaced by Adrienne Bar- time. It was titled The Best of All in the Family, and
beau in Maude. The show lasted for six seasons and aired on December 21, 1974.
141 episodes, airing its nal episode on April 22,
1978. A 90-minute retrospective, All in the Family 20th An-
niversary Special, was produced to commemorate the
Good Times is considered by some to be a shows 20th anniversary and aired on CBS February 16,
spin o of Maude, focusing on Maudes for- 1991. It was hosted by Norman Lear, and featured a com-
mer maid Florida Evans. However, the char- pilation of clips from the shows best moments, and inter-
acter was retroactively changed. According views with the four main cast members.
to producer Allan Manings It wasn't really a The special was so well received by the viewing audience
spin-o.[34] The show contains no mention of (ratings: 14.7 household rating from 8-9:30pm while
Maude, and the Evans now live in Chicago. It Empty Nest garnered a 17.3) that CBS decided to air re-
ran for six seasons from February 8, 1974 to runs of All in the Family during their summer schedule
August 1, 1979. that year. During its summer run, the 20-year-old pro-
The second and longest-lasting spin-o of All in the gram was popular.[35]
Family was The Jeersons. Debuting on CBS on So successful were these primetime reruns that they gar-
January 18, 1975 The Jeersons lasted 11 seasons nered higher ratings than the new series scheduled next
and 253 episodes compared to All in the Familys 9 to it, the Norman Lear-produced sitcom Sunday Dinner.
seasons and 208 episodes. The main characters of The latter was Lears return to TV series producing af-
The Jeersons were the Bunkers former next-door ter a seven-year absence (after the failed A.k.a. Pablo for
neighbors George Jeerson (Sherman Hemsley) and ABC in 1984), and CBS was hopeful that scheduling the
his wife, Louise Weezie Jeerson (Isabel San- new series on Sundays at 8:30/7:30c that summer, after
ford). George Jeerson was the owner of a chain of All in the Family reruns at 8/7, would bring long-time Lear
seven successful dry-cleaning stores; as The Jeer- fans into Sunday Dinners audience. This was not to be, as
sons begins, they have just moved from the Bunkers Sunday Dinner lost much of the lead-in from the AITF
neighborhood to a luxury high-rise apartment build- reruns; it was cancelled after the six-week tryout run.
ing in Manhattan's Upper East Side. George was
considered to be the black Archie Bunker, and just Summer 1991 Ratings
as racist as Archie.
June 2, 1991: 12.9 rating (8:30)
Checking In was spun o from The Jeer-
sons, focusing on the Jeersons maid Flo- June 9, 1991: 10.5 (8pm)
rence Johnston working as executive house-
June 16, 1991: 10.8 (8:30pm)
keeper at the St. Fredereick Hotel in Manhat-
tan. It only lasted four weeks from April 9 to June 23, 1991: 11.2 (8pm)
April 30, 1981 and Florence returned to her
old job as the Jeersons maid. June 30, 1991: 9.4 (8pm)
Gloria was the third spin-o of All in the Family, July 7, 1991: 10.5 (8pm) (Competition: Americas
focusing on Archies divorced daughter Gloria start- Funniest Home Videos on ABC [10.6]; In Living
ing a new life as an assistant trainee to a couple of Color on FOX [6.6]; Expose on NBC [5.2])
veterinarians in Foxridge, New York. It premiered
September 26, 1982 and ran for one season. The creators of the long-running ongoing adult animated
series American Dad! have likened the early seasons
Other spin-os of All in the Family include: of their series to All in the Family. In its early going,
American Dad was almost a farcical animated version of
Archie Bunkers Place was technically a spin-o, but All in the Family, utilizing elements of bigotry, conser-
was more of a continuation of the series. vatism, patriotism, etc. In both series, conservatism is
expressed ludicrously by a paternal main character (Stan
704 Hauser features the Bunkers house with a new Smith likened to Archie) while liberalism is expressed by
family, the key twist being that the Archie Bunker a daughter character and her husband (Hayley Smith and
analog in this series is black. Joey Stivic, Gloria and Je Fischer likened to Gloria and Mike).[36]
1.7 DVD releases television history) in 1978. It cost producers thousands

of dollars to create replicas to replace the originals.
Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (formerly Columbia Also, then-US President Richard Nixon can be heard dis-
Tri-Star Home Entertainment) released the rst six sea- cussing the show (specically the 1971 episodes Writing
sons of All in the Family on DVD in Region 1 between the President and Judging Books by Covers) on one of
2002 and 2007. No further seasons were released, be- the infamous Watergate tapes.[44]
cause the sales gures did not match Sonys expectations.
Rapper Redman has made references to Archie Bunker
On June 23, 2010, Shout! Factory announced that they in a few of his songs, specically his smoking of large
had acquired the rights to the series, and have since re- cigars.[45]
leased the remaining three seasons.[37][38][39][40]
On October 30, 2012, Shout! Factory released All in the
Family - The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1. The 1.9 Awards and nominations
28-disc box set features all 208 episodes of the series as
well as bonus features.[41] All in the Family is the rst of four sitcoms in which all the
lead actors (O'Connor, Stapleton, Struthers, and Reiner)
won Primetime Emmy Awards. The other three are The
1.8 Cultural impact Golden Girls, The Simpsons and Will & Grace.
1.9.1 Primetime Emmy Awards and Nom-

inations
1971
Outstanding New Series (Won)

Outstanding Series - Comedy (Won)
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor
in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Carroll
O'Connor (Nominated)
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress
in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Jean Staple-
ton (Won)
Archie and Edith Bunkers chairs on display in the Smithsonian
National Museum of American History. Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy:
John Rich for Glorias Pregnant (Nominated)
As one of US televisions most acclaimed and ground-
breaking programs, All in the Family has been referenced Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy:
or parodied in countless other forms of media. Refer- Norman Lear for Meet the Bunkers (Nomi-
ences on other sitcoms include That '70s Show, The Brady nated)
Bunch, and The Simpsons. The animated series Family
Guy pays homage to All in the Family in the opening se- Stanley Ralph Ross for Oh, My Aching Back
quence which features Peter and Lois Grin playing the (Nominated)
piano and singing a lament on the loss of traditional val-
ues and also paid tribute to the ending credits of the show 1972
at the end of the episode Stewie Loves Lois.
Outstanding Series - Comedy (Won)
Popular T-shirts, buttons, and bumper stickers show-
ing O'Connors image and farcically promoting Archie Outstanding Single Program - Drama or Comedy for
Bunker for President appeared around the time of the Sammys Visit (Nominated)
1972 presidential election. In 1998, All in the Family was
honored on a 33-cent stamp by the USPS.[42] Outstanding Achievement in Live or Tape Sound
Mixing: Norman Dewes for The Elevator Story
Archie and Edith Bunkers chairs are on display in the (Won)
Smithsonian National Museum of American History.[43]
Originally purchased by the shows set designer for a few Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor
dollars at a local Goodwill thrift store, the originals were in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Carroll
given to the Smithsonian (for an exhibit on American O'Connor (Won)
1.9. AWARDS AND NOMINATIONS 11
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series: Rob
in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Jean Staple- Reiner (Won)
ton (Won)
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series: Sally
Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Support- Struthers (Nominated)
ing Role in a Comedy Series: Rob Reiner (Nomi-
nated) 1975
Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Sup-
Outstanding Comedy Series (Nominated)
porting Role in a Comedy Series: Sally Struthers
(Won) Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Car-
roll O'Connor (Nominated)
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy:
John Rich for Sammys Visit (Won) Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series: Jean
Stapleton (Nominated)
Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy:
Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Support-
Burt Styler for Ediths Problem (Won) ing Actor in a Comedy Series: Rob Reiner (Nomi-
Alan J. Levitt and Philip Mishkin for Mikes nated)
Problem (Nominated)
Norman Lear and Burt Styler for The Saga of 1976
Cousin Oscar (Nominated)
1973
1977
Outstanding Comedy Series (Won)
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor
in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Carroll Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Car-
O'Connor (Nominated) roll O'Connor (Won)
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series: Jean
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress
in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Jean Staple-
ton (Nominated) Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series: Paul
Bogart for The Draft Dodger (Nominated)
Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Support-
ing Role in a Comedy Series: Rob Reiner (Nomi- Outstanding Art Direction or Scenic Design for a
nated) Comedy Series: Don Roberts for The Unemploy-
ment Story (Nominated)
Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Sup-
porting Role in a Comedy Series: Sally Struthers
1978
(Nominated)
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: Outstanding Comedy Series (Won)

Bob LaHendro and John Rich for The Bunkers and
the Swingers (Nominated) Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Car-
roll O'Connor (Won)
Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy: Lee
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series: Jean
Kalcheim & Michael Ross & Bernie West for The
Stapleton (Won)
Bunkers and the Swingers (Won)
1974 ing Actor in a Comedy Series: Rob Reiner (Won)
Outstanding Comedy Series (Nominated) ing Actress in a Comedy Series: Sally Struthers
(Nominated)
Best Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Carroll
O'Connor (Nominated) Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series: Paul
Bogart for Ediths 50th Birthday (Won)
Best Lead Actress in a Comedy Series: Jean Staple-
ton (Nominated) Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series:
Bob Schiller and Bob Weiskopf for Ediths Best TV Actor - Musical/Comedy: Carroll
50th Birthday (Nominated) O'Connor (Nominated)
Larry Rhine & Erik Tarlo & Mel Tolkin for Best TV Actress - Musical/Comedy: Jean Stapleton
Ediths Crisis of Faith (Nominated) (Won)
Harve Brosten & Barry Harman & Bob
Schiller & Bob Weiskopf for Cousin Liz Best Supporting Actor - Television: Rob Reiner
(Won) (Nominated)
Best Supporting Actress - Television: Sally Struthers

1979 (Nominated)
Outstanding Comedy Series (Nominated) 1974
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Car-

Best TV Show - Musical/Comedy (Won)
roll O'Connor (Won)
Best TV Actor - Musical/Comedy: Carroll
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series: Jean O'Connor (Nominated)
Best TV Actress - Musical/Comedy: Jean Stapleton
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy, (Won)
Comedy-Variety, or Music Series: Sally Struthers
(Won) Best Supporting Actor - Television: Rob Reiner
(Nominated)
Outstanding Directing for a Comedy, Comedy-
Variety, or Music Series: Paul Bogart for Califor- Best Supporting Actress - Television: Sally Struthers
nia, Here We Are (Nominated) (Nominated)
Outstanding Writing for a Comedy, Comedy-

1975
Variety, or Music Series: Milt Josefsberg & Bob
Schiller & Phil Sharp & Bob Weiskopf for Cali-
fornia, Here We Are (Nominated) Best TV Show - Musical/Comedy (Nominated)
Outstanding Video Tape Editing for a Series: Har- Best TV Actor - Musical/Comedy: Carroll
vey W. Berger and Hal Collins for The 200th O'Connor (Nominated)
Episode Celebration of 'All in the Family'" (Nomi- Best TV Actress - Musical/Comedy: Jean Stapleton
nated) (Nominated)
Best Supporting Actress - Television: Betty Garrett

1.9.2 Golden Globe Awards and Nomina- (Won)
tions
1976
1972
Best TV Actor - Musical/Comedy: Carroll
Best TV Show - Musical/Comedy (Won) O'Connor (Nominated)
Best TV Actor - Musical/Comedy: Carroll Best Supporting Actor - Television: Rob Reiner
O'Connor (Won) (Nominated)
Best TV Actress - Musical/Comedy: Jean Stapleton
(Nominated) 1977
Best Supporting Actor - Television: Rob Reiner Best Supporting Actor - Television: Rob Reiner
(Nominated) (Nominated)
Best Supporting Actress - Television: Sally Struthers Best Supporting Actress - Television: Sally Struthers
(Nominated) (Nominated)
1973 1978
Best TV Show - Musical/Comedy (Won) Best TV Series - Musical/Comedy (Won)

1.11. REFERENCES 13
Best TV Actor - Musical/Comedy: Carroll [10] Gloria Bunker-Stivi. ShareTV.org. Retrieved 19

O'Connor (Nominated) September 2012.
Best TV Actress - Musical/Comedy: Jean Stapleton [11] TV.com. TV.com. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
(Nominated) [12] Revealed in Stretch Cunningham, Goodbye episode.
1979 [13] Source: The end credits of season three episodes, and on-
ward, mention Tommy Kelsey as the character playing the
bar owner.
Best TV Series - Musical/Comedy (Nominated)
[14] All in the Family 08 13 Ediths Crisis of Faith 1.
Best TV Actress - Musical/Comedy: Jean Stapleton YouTube. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
(Nominated)
[15] Nussbaum, Emily (April 7, 2014). The Great Divide:
Norman Lear, Archie Bunker, and the Rise of the Bad
1980 Fan. The New Yorker. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
Best TV Actress - Musical/Comedy: Jean Stapleton [16] Norman Lear credits the British TV sitcom Till Death
Do Us Part as being the inspiration for All in the Family.
(Nominated)
[17] Neuwirth, Allan (2006). They'll never put that on the air:
an oral history of taboo-breaking TV comedy. Allworth
1.9.3 TCA Heritage Award Communications, Inc. pp. 132133. ISBN 1-58115-417-
8.
In 2013, the Television Critics Association honored All
in the Family with its Heritage Award for its cultural and [18] Gitlin, Todd (2000). Inside Prime Time. University of
California Press. p. 212. ISBN 0-520-21785-3.
social impact on society.[46]
[19] Wikiquote:All in the Family#Theme song
[20] Yee, Vivian (June 2, 2013). Stied by Times Passage,

1.10 See also Fewer Fans Visit the Bunkers TV Home. New York
Times. p. A16.
All in a Family
[21] 89-70 Cooper Ave (1970-01-01). Location of the target
List of American television shows based on foreign house as per Google Maps. Maps.google.ca. Retrieved
shows 2011-09-17.
List of All in the Family writers [22] "http://www.atarifun.com/ClassicTVSales/All_in_the_

Family.html". atarifun.com. Retrieved 19 September
2012. External link in |title= (help)
1.11 References [23] "'All in the Family' star Jean Stapleton dead at 90.
EW.com.
[1] As referenced by IMDB.com. IMDb. [24] Ratings archive 1971. Classictvhits.com. Retrieved
2011-09-17.
[2] All in the Family TV Show - Videos, Actors, Photos and
Episodes from the Classic Television Show [25] Ratings archive 1972. Classictvhits.com. Retrieved
2011-09-17.
[3] Special Collectors Issue: 100 Greatest Episodes of All
Time. TV Guide (June 28July 4). 1997. [26] Ratings archive 1973. Classictvhits.com. Retrieved
2011-09-17.
[4] The 100 Greatest TV Characters at Bravo.com Archived
February 11, 2009 at the Wayback Machine [27] Ratings archive 1974. Classictvhits.com. Retrieved
2011-09-17.
[5] 101 Best Written TV Series List. wga.org.
[28] Ratings archive 1975. Classictvhits.com. Retrieved
[6] Fretts, Bruce; Roush, Matt. The Greatest Shows on 2011-09-17.
Earth. TV Guide Magazine 61 (3194-3195): 1619.
[29] Ratings archive 1976. Classictvhits.com. Retrieved
[7] This is an allusion to an early 20th-century comic strip, 2011-09-17.
The Dingbat Family, by cartoonist George Herriman.
[30] Ratings archives 1977
[8] USPS.com - ZIP Code Lookup. Retrieved 20 April
2015. C1 control character in |title= at position 21 (help) [31] Ratings archives 1978
[9] Lear, Norman (June 5, 2013). Norman Lear Pens New [32] Quotenmeter.de - Das Online-Fernsehmagazin (2005-
Personal Tribute to Jean Stapleton. The Hollywood Re- 05-23). Die erfolgreichsten Serien-Finale. Quoten-
porter. meter.de. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
[33] Brooks, Tim (2007). The Complete Directory to Prime 1.13 External links
Time Network and Cable TV Shows: 1946-Present (Ninth
Edition). Ballantine Books. pp. 17071709. ISBN 978- Encyclopedia of Television entry on All in the Family
0-345-49773-4.
All in the Family at the Internet Movie Database
[34] Ebony.
All in the Family on TVLand.com
[35] Du Brow, Rick (1991-07-20). Will Someone Please Fix
the Emmy Awards?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved All in the Family on TV.Com
2012-07-10.
All in the Family sit.com website.
[36] 0 Like0 Dislike0 Apr 24, 2006 by Mushy (2006-04-24).
EXCLUSIVE: Mike Barker and Matt Weitzman Talk All in the Family-related interview videos at the
American Dad. MovieWeb.com. Retrieved 2013-05- Archive of American Television
04.
[37] All in the Family DVD news: DVD Plans for All in the
Family. TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
[38] All in the Family DVD news: Announcement for All

in the Family - The Complete 7th Season. TVShow-
sOnDVD.com. Retrieved 2011-09-17.

sOnDVD.com. 2007-05-25. Retrieved 2011-09-17.

sOnDVD.com. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
[41] All in the Family DVD news: Announcement for

All in the Family - The Complete Series - TVShow-
sOnDVD.com. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
[42] All in the Family stamp at National Postal Museum,

Smithsonian Institution Arago.si.edu
[43] NMAH, The Bunkers Chairs. Americanhistory.si.edu.

Retrieved 2011-09-17.
[44] James Warren (1999-11-07). Nixon on Tape Expounds

on Welfare and Homosexuality. Chicago Tribune.
[45] Redman - How To Roll A Blunt Lyrics - MetroLyrics.

Retrieved 20 April 2015.
[46] The Television Critics Association Announces 2013

TCA Awards Winners. Television Critics Association.
August 3, 2013. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
1.12 Further reading

All in the Family: A Critical Appraisal, edited by
Richard P. Adler, (Praeger; 1979) ISBN 0-275-
90326-5
Archie & Edith, Mike & Gloria : The Tumultuous

History of All in the Family, Donna McCrohan,
(Workman Publishing; 1988) ISBN 0-89480-527-4
Stay Tuned: Televisions Unforgettable Moments, Joe

Garner, (Andrews McMeel Publishing; 2002) ISBN
0-7407-2693-5
Chapter 2
Carroll O'Connor
Warning: Page using Template:Infobox person with Montana-Missoula, where he met Nancy Fields, who
unknown parameter cause (this message is shown only would later become his wife. He also worked at the
in preview). Montana Kaimin student newspaper as an editor. At
the University of Montana, he joined Sigma Phi Epsilon
[7]
John Carroll O'Connor (August 2, 1924 June 21, Fraternity. O'Connor did not take any drama courses as
an undergraduate at the University of Montana. He later
2001), known as Carroll O'Connor, was an Ameri-
can actor, producer and director whose television career left that university to help his younger brother Hugh get
into medical school in Ireland, where Carroll completed
spanned four decades. A life-member of The Actors Stu-
dio,[1] O'Connor rst attracted attention as Major Gen- his studies at the University College[3] Dublin. It was there
that Carroll began his acting career.
eral Colt in the 1970 movie Kellys Heroes. The following
year he found fame as the lovable bigoted working man After O'Connors ancee, Nancy Fields, graduated from
Archie Bunker, the main character in the 1970s CBS tele- the University of Montana in 1951 with degrees in drama
vision sitcoms All in the Family (1971 to 1979) and Archie and English, she sailed to Ireland to meet Carroll, who
Bunkers Place (1979 to 1983). O'Connor later starred was visiting his brother, Hugh.[8] The couple married in
in the NBC/CBS television crime drama In the Heat of Dublin on July 28, 1951.[4] In 1956, O'Connor returned
the Night from 1988 to 1995, where he played the role to Missoula to earn a masters degree in speech.[8]
of southern Police Chief William (Bill) Gillespie. At the
end of his career in the late 1990s, he played the father
of Jamie Buchman (Helen Hunt) on Mad About You.
In 1996, O'Connor was ranked #38 on TV Guides 50
Greatest TV Stars of All Time.[2]
2.2 Prolic character actor
2.1 Early life
After acting in theatrical productions in Dublin and New
York during the 1950s, O'Connors breakthrough came
Carroll O'Connor, an Irish American, was the eldest when he was cast by director Burgess Meredith (assisted
of three sons. He was born on August 2, 1924, in
by John Astin) in a featured role in the Broadway adap-
Manhattan,[3] New York, to Edward Joseph O'Connor,[4] tation of James Joyce's novel Ulysses. O'Connor and
a lawyer, and his wife, Elise Patricia O'Connor. Both of
Meredith remained close, lifelong friends.[9]
his brothers became doctors: Hugh, who died in a mo-
torcycle accident in 1961, and Robert, a psychiatrist in O'Connor made his television acting debut as a character
New York City.[3] O'Connor spent much of his youth in actor on two episodes of Sunday Showcase. These two
Elmhurst and Forest Hills, Queens, the same borough in parts led to other roles on such television series as The
which his character Archie Bunker would later live.[5] Americans, The Eleventh Hour, Gunsmoke, Bonanza, The
Fugitive, The Wild Wild West, Armstrong Circle Theatre,
In 1941, Carroll O'Connor enrolled at Wake Forest Uni- Death Valley Days, The Outer Limits, The Great Adven-
versity in North Carolina, but dropped out when the ture, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., Dr. Kildare, I Spy, That
United States entered World War II. During World War II Girl, Premiere, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, among
he was rejected by the United States Navy and enrolled in many others. O'Connor starred as an Eastern European
the United States Merchant Marine Academy for a short villain in the rst season of "Mission Impossible" Season
time. After leaving that institution, he became a mer- 1, Episode 18 The Trial, brilliantly played and recog-
chant seaman and served in the United States Merchant nizable by his intense blue eyes. Late in his career, he
Marine during World War II .[6] appeared on several episodes of Mad About You as the
After the war, O'Connor attended the University of father of Helen Hunt's character.
15
16 CHAPTER 2. CARROLL O'CONNOR
2.2.1 Considered roles vision program on American television for ve consec-

utive seasons until the 1976-1977 season (the sixth sea-
He was among the actors considered for the roles of son).
The Skipper on Gilligans Island and Dr. Smith in the O'Connors own politics were liberal. He understood the
TV show Lost In Space, and was the visual template in Bunker character and played him not only with bombast
the creation of Batman foe Rupert Thorne, a character and humor but with touches of vulnerability. The writing
who debuted at the height of All in the Family's success on the show was consistently left of center, but O'Connor
in Detective Comics #469 (published May 1976 by DC often deftly skewered the liberal pieties of the day. Al-
Comics). though Bunker was famous for his malapropisms of the
English language, O'Connor was highly educated and cul-
tured and was an English professor before he turned to
2.3 Television roles acting.
The show also starred a Broadway actress, also from New
2.3.1 All in the Family York City, Jean Stapleton, in the role of Archie Bunker's
long-suering wife, Edith Bunker, after Lear saw her in
the play Damn Yankees. The producer sent the show over
to ABC twice, but it didn't get picked up. They then ap-
proached CBS with more success, and accordingly, All in
the Family was retooled and debuted early in 1971. The
show also starred unknown character actors, such as Rob
Reiner as Archies liberal son-in-law, Michael Meat-
head Stivic, and Sally Struthers as Archie and Ediths
only child and Meatheads wife, Gloria Bunker-Stivic.
The cast had a unique on- and o-camera chemistry, es-
pecially Reiner, who became O'Connors best friend and
favorite actor.
CBS was unsure whether the controversial subject matter
of All in the Family would t well into a sitcom. Racial
issues, ethnicities, religions, and other timely topics were
addressed. Like its British predecessor Till Death Us Do
Publicity photo of Connor and Jean Stapleton in All in the Fam- Part, the show lent dramatic social substance to the tra-
ily, 1973. ditional sitcom format. Archie Bunkers popularity made
O'Connor a top-billing star of the 1970s. O'Connor was
O'Connor was living in Italy in 1968 when producer afraid of being typecast for playing the role, but, at the
Norman Lear rst asked him to come to New York to same time, he was protective of not just his character,
star in a pilot he was creating for ABC called Justice For but of the entire show.[11]
All, with O'Connor playing Archie Justice, a lovable yet
A contract dispute between O'Connor and Lear marred
controversial bigot. After three pilots done between 1968
the beginning of the shows fth season. Eventually,
to 1970, a network change to CBS, and the last name
O'Connor got a raise and appeared in the series until it
of the character changed to Bunker, the new sitcom was
ended. For his work as Archie Bunker, he was nomi-
renamed All in the Family. The show was based on the
nated for eight Emmy Awards as Outstanding Lead Actor
BBC's Till Death Us Do Part, with Bunker based on Alf
in a Comedy Series; he won the award four times (1972,
Garnett, but somewhat less abrasive than the original.
1977, 1978, and 1979).
It has been stated that O'Connors Queens background
and New York accent inuenced Lear to set the show in At the end of the eighth season in 1978, Reiner and
Queens.[10] Struthers left the series to pursue other projects, but
O'Connor and Stapleton still had one year left on their
Wanting a well-known actor to tackle the controver-
contracts.
sial material, Lear had approached Jackie Gleason and
Mickey Rooney to play Archie; both declined. O'Connor Rob Reiner said in a 2014 interview about his on- and
accepted, not expecting the show to be a success and be- o-screen chemistry with O'Connor, We did over 200
lieving he would be able to move back to Europe. (In her shows in front of a live audience. So I learned a lot about
book Archie & Edith, Mike & Gloria : the Tumultuous what audiences like, what they don't like, how stories
History of All in the Family, Donna McCrohan noted that are structured. I would spend a lot of time in the writ-
O'Connor requested that Lear provide him with a return ing room and I actually wrote some scripts. And from
airline ticket to Rome as a condition of his accepting Carroll O'Connor I learned a lot about how you perform
the role so that he could return to Italy when the show and how important the script and story are for the ac-
failed.) Instead, the show became the highest-rated tele- tors. So the actor doesn't have to push things. You can
2.4. CAREER HONORS 17
let the story and the dialogue support you if its good. I While on the series, O'Connor recorded Bring A Torch,
had great people around me and I took from all the peo- Jeanette Isabella, for the 1991 In the Heat of the
ple that was around. He also stated, when he compared Night Christmas CD Christmas Times A Comin'. He
Carroll O'Connors character to his acting mentors real- was joined by Grand Ole Opry star mandolinist Jesse
life persona: Carroll O'Connor brought his humanity to McReynolds, Nashville accordionist Abe Manuel, Jr.,
the character even though he had these abhorrent views. and Nashville ddlers Buddy Spicher and Randall Franks.
Hes still a feeling, human being. He loved his wife even CD Producer and series co-star Randall Franks created
though he acted the way he did, and he loved his daugh- the arrangement which was co-produced by series co-
ter. Those things come out. I don't think anybodys all star Alan Autry. He joined other members of the cast
good or all bad.[12] for a recording of Jingle Bells with vocals by Coun-
try Music Hall of Fame members Little Jimmy Dickens,
Kitty Wells, Pee Wee King, and The Marksmen Quartet,
2.3.2 Archie Bunkers Place Bobby Wright, Johnnie Wright and Ken Holloway.
Main article: Archie Bunkers Place

2.4 Career honors
When All In The Family ended after nine seasons, Archie
Bunkers Place continued in its stead and ran for four more Golden Globe Award for Best Actor Television Se-
years. Longtime friend and original series star Jean Sta- ries Musical or Comedy, 1972, All in the Family[4]
pleton kept her role as Edith Bunker but was limited to
about a half dozen guest appearances in season 1. In Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Ac-
the 2nd-season premiere, her character died of a stroke, tor in a Comedy Series, 1971, 1976, 1977, and
leaving Archie to cope with the loss. The show was un- 1978, All in the Family[4]
ceremoniously canceled in 1983. O'Connor was angered
George Foster Peabody Broadcasting Award, 1980,
about the shows cancellation, maintaining that the show
for Archie Alone episode, Archie Bunkers Place[4]
ended with an inappropriate nale. He vowed never to
work in any type of show with CBS again, although he Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Ac-
starred in In the Heat of the Night, which aired on CBS in tor in a Drama Series, 1989, In the Heat of the
that shows last three seasons. Night'[4]
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor Television Se-

2.3.3 In the Heat of the Night ries Drama, 1989, In the Heat of the Night [4]
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor Television

Main article: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)
Series Drama nomination 1990, In the Heat of the
Night'[4] '
While coping with his sons drug problem, O'Connor
starred as Sparta, Mississippi, Police Chief Bill Gille- Television Academy Hall of Fame, inducted 1990
spie, a tough veteran Mississippi cop on In the Heat of for contributions to the television industry[4]
the Night. Based on the 1967 movie of the same name,
NAACP Image Award, 1992, In the Heat of the
the series debuted on NBC early in 1988 and performed
Night [4] Best Dramatic Series
well. He cast his son Hugh O'Connor as Ocer Lonnie
Jamison. The headquarters of the Sparta Police Depart- NAACP Image Award, 1993, In the Heat of the
ment was actually the library in Covington, Georgia. Night [4] Best Dramatic Series
Much like O'Connor himself, Gillespie was racially pro-
gressive and politically liberal. But the character of Bill
Gillespie was also a smart and tough police ocer who 2.4.1 Other honors
was not afraid to use his gun when the occasion called for
it. In 1973 his fraternity conferred its highest honor, the
Sigma Phi Epsilon Citation, on him.[13]
In 1989, while working on the set, O'Connor was hos-
pitalized and had to undergo open heart surgery, which Carroll O'Connor and Edie Falco are the only actors to
caused him to miss four episodes at the end of the sec- have won the lead acting Emmy Awards in both the com-
ond season (actor Joe Don Baker took his place in those edy and drama series categories.
episodes as an acting police chief.) The series was trans- In July 1991, O'Connor, Jean Stapleton, Rob Reiner and
ferred from NBC to CBS in 1992 and cancelled two years Sally Struthers were reunited to celebrate the 20th An-
later after its seventh season. O'Connor reprised his role niversary of All in the Family. Thanks to reruns which
the following year for four two-hour In the Heat of the aired in syndication, TV Land, Antenna TV, and on CBS,
Night television lms to critical acclaim . the show continued to be popular.
In March 2000 he received a star on the Hollywood Walk lenger equipped with the 440-cubic inch V-8 that was the
of Fame and was given a St. Patricks Day tribute by car he drove during production of All In The Family.
MGM. In 1997, the O'Connors donated US$1 million to their
His caricature gures prominently in Sardis restaurant, in alma mater to help match a challenge grant to the Uni-
New York Citys Theater District. versity of Montana from the National Endowment for
the Humanities. The university named a regional studies
and public policy institute the O'Connor Center for the
2.5 Family life Rocky Mountain West.[8] Afterward, O'Connor taught
screenwriting at the university.
In 1962, while he was in Rome lming Cleopatra, In 1998 O'Connor underwent a second surgery to clear
O'Connor and his wife adopted a six-day-old boy, nam- the blockage in a cardiac artery, to reduce his risk of
ing him Hugh after O'Connors brother who had died a stroke.
year earlier. At age 17, Hugh worked as a courier on the
set of Archie Bunkers Place. O'Connor would eventually
create the role of Ocer Lonnie Jamison on In the Heat 2.6 Death
of the Night for his son.[14]
In 1989, Carroll was admitted to the hospital for heart
bypass surgery.
In 1995, O'Connors son Hugh committed suicide after a
long battle with drug addiction. Following his sons death,
O'Connor appeared in public service announcements for
Partnership for a Drug Free America and spent the rest
of his life working to raise awareness about drug addic-
tion. O'Connor also successfully lobbied to get the State
of California to pass legislation allowing family mem-
bers of an addicted person or anyone injured by a drug
dealers actions, including employers, to sue for reim-
bursement for medical treatment and rehabilitation costs
and other economic and non-economic damages. The
law, known as the Drug Dealer Civil Liability Act in Cal- Carroll O'Connors grave
ifornia, went into eect in 1997. It is also referred to as
The Hugh O'Connor Memorial Law. The act is based on O'Connor died on June 21, 2001, in Culver City, Cal-
the Model Drug Dealer Liability Act authored in 1992 ifornia, from a heart attack brought on by complica-
by then Hawaii U.S. Attorney Daniel Bent. The Model tions from diabetes. He was 76 years old. His funeral
Drug Dealer Liability Act has been passed in 17 states Mass was celebrated at St. Paul the Apostle Catholic
and the Virgin Islands. A website devoted to the Act can Church in Westwood, Los Angeles, California, and was
be found at: www.ModelDDLA.com. Cases have been attended by All in the Family cast members Rob Reiner,
brought under the Act in California, Illinois, Utah and Sally Struthers and Danielle Brisebois, as well as pro-
other states. ducer Norman Lear. Actress Jean Stapleton, who played
O'Connors onscreen wife and who had been a close
His sons suicide inspired O'Connor to start a crusade
against the man who sold the drugs to Hugh. He called friend of O'Connors since the early 1960s, did not at-
tend the service due to a stage production performance
Harry Perzigian a partner in murder and a sleazeball.
Perzigian led a defamation lawsuit against the actor. In commitment.[16]
1997, a California jury threw out the case. In an inter-O'Connors best friend Larry Hagman and his family were
view on CNNs Larry King Live soon after the verdict, also there, alongside the surviving cast of In the Heat
O'Connor said he would never be able to put his sons of the Night, including Alan Autry and Denise Nicholas,
death behind him. I can't forget it. There isn't a day that
who also attended the memorial. Actor Martin Sheen,
I don't think of him and want him back and miss him, andthen starring on The West Wing, delivered the eulogy.
I'll feel that way until I'm not here anymore, he said.O'Connor is buried at Westwood Village Memorial Park
During the late 1990s, O'Connor established a small au- Cemetery with his son Hughs cenotaph placed on his
tomotive restoration shop in Newbury Park, California. grave stone.
Called Carroll O'Connor Classics, the shop contained In honor of O'Connors career, TV Land moved an entire
many of O'Connors personal vehicles and the cars once weekend of programming to the next week and showed
owned by his late son.[15] Among the cars O'Connor a continuous marathon of All in the Family. During
owned were a Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow sold to him by the commercial breaks, TV Land also showed interview
William Harrah, a Maserati 3500 GT, and a Dodge Chal- footage of O'Connor and various All in the Family actors,
2.8. PARTIAL CREDITS 19
producers with whom he had worked, and other asso- The Sacco-Vanzetti Story (TV mini-series) (1960) as
ciates. Frederick Katzman
By Love Possessed (1961) .... Bernie Breck
2.7 Personal quotes Parrish (1961) .... Fire ghter

A Fever in the Blood (1961) .... Matt Keenan
Nothing will give me any peace. I've lost a son. And I'll
go to my grave without any peace over that.[17] Lad: A Dog (1962) as Hamilcar Q. Glure
It was a lack of system that made the '30s Depression as Belle Sommers (TV) (1962)
inevitable as all others previously suered.[18]
Lonely Are the Brave (1962) Hinton the Truck
Get between your kid and drugs, any way you can, if you Driver
want to save the kids life.[17]
The Silver Burro (TV) (1963)
I thought that the public would kick us o the air be-
cause of this egregious guy. No. They loved ... they Cleopatra (1963) as Casca
knew him.[19]
Nightmare in Chicago aka Once Upon a Savage Night
On his son: I should have spied on him. I should've taken
(TV) (1964)
away all his civil rights, spied on him, opened his mail,
listened to telephone calls, everything.[19] In Harms Way (1965) (uncredited) ....
I never heard Archies kind of talk in my own family. *Cmdr./Capt. Burke (USS Swayback)
My father was a lawyer and was in partnership with two The Last Patrol episode of The Time Tunnel (1966)
Jews, who with their families were close to us. There were as British General Southall and Colonel Southall, his
black families in our circle of friends. My father disliked 1815 ancestor
talk like Archieshe called it lowbrow.[20]
Not with My Wife, You Don't! (1966) as Gen. May-
The biggest part of my life was the acquiring and the
nard C. Parker
loss of a son. I mean, nothing else was as important as
that.[19] Hawaii (1966) as Charles Bromley
Conventional show-biz savvy held that Americans hated
What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? (1966) as
to be the objects of satire.[21]
Gen. Bolt
(He would never be able to put his sons death behind him,
he said.) I can't forget it. There isn't a day that I don't The Time Tunnel (1966)
think of him and want him back and miss him, and I'll feel Waterhole #3 (1967) as Sheri John H. Copperud
that way until I'm not here anymore. (In an interview on
CNNs Larry King Live) Point Blank (1967) as Brewster
Warning Shot (1967) as Paul Jerez
2.8 Partial credits For Love of Ivy (1968) as Frank Austin

The Devils Brigade (1968) as Gen. Maxwell Hunter
2.8.1 Starring roles
Marlowe (1969) as Lt. Christy French
All in the Family (19711979) as Archie Bunker Death of a Gunghter (1969) as Lester Locke
(Salary $200,000 per episode)
Ride a Northbound Horse (TV)(1969)
Archie Bunkers Place (19791983) as Archie
Bunker (Salary $250,000 per episode) Fear No Evil (TV) (1969) as Myles Donovan
In the Heat of the Night (19881994) as Kellys Heroes (1970) as Gen. Colt
Chief/Sheri Bill Gillespie Doctors Wives (1971) Dr. Joe Gray
Mad About You (19961999) Gus Stemple #3 Of Thee I Sing (TV) (1972) President Wintergreen
Law and Disorder (1974) as Willie
2.8.2 Films (feature and made-for-TV) The Last Hurrah (TV) (1977) as Frank Skengton
Shakespeares 'Julius Caesar' as Crassus (1956) A Dierent Approach (1978)
Brass aka Police Brass (TV) (1985) as Frank Nolan 2.8.9 Author
Convicted (1986) (TV) .... Lewis May I Think I'm Outta Here (ISBN 0-671-01760-8)
(1999) Autobiography
The GLO Friends Save Christmas (1986) .... Santa
The Father Clements Story (1987) (TV) .... Cardinal

Cody 2.8.10 Guest starring
Gideon (1998) as Leo Barnes The Untouchables
36 Hours to Die (TV) (1999) Jack 'Balls O'Malley Star Witness playing William Norman 21
January 1960
Return to Me (2000) as Marty O'Reilly
Shirley Temples Storybook playing Appleyard 27
November 1960
2.8.3 Writer
The Black Arrow
Bronk (TV) (1975) Series creator The Americans playing Captain Garbor 8 May
The Last Hurrah (TV) (1977) 1961
Archie Bunkers Place (1979) TV series (writer) The Coward
Brass aka Police Brass (TV) (1985) (credited as The Untouchables playing Arnie Kurtz aka Albert
Matt Harris) Krim (2 episodes, 19611962)
In the Heat of the Night (19881995) Numerous Bird in the Hand

episodes (credited as Matt Harris) The Dick Powell Show playing Leonard Barsevick
Pericles on 31st Street 12 April 1962
2.8.4 Producer Naked City 20 June 1962
Bronk (TV) (1975) Series (executive producer) Goodbye Mama, Hello Auntie Maud
The Last Hurrah (TV) (1977) (executive producer) Naked City playing Tony Corran 19 December
1962
In the Heat of the Night (TV) (19881995) (execu-
tive producer) Spectre of the Rose Street Gang
Stoney Burke
2.8.5 Director Harry Clark in Webb of Fear (1963)
Archie Bunkers Place (TV) (1979) Series The Defenders (2 episodes, 19621963)
In the Heat of the Night (TV) (1988) Series Ben Casey (2 episodes, 19621965)
Dr. Kildare (2 episodes, 19621965)

2.8.6 Crew
Death Valley Days playing Senator Dave Broder-
In the Heat of the Night (TV) (1988) Series (execu- ick 8 February 1963
tive story editor credited as Matt Harris)
A Gun Is Not a Gentleman
The Dick Powell Show playing Dr. Lyman Savage

2.8.7 Composer 12 February 1963
All in the Family (TV) (1971) Archie Bunkers Place Luxury Liner
(TV) (1979) Both series Remembering You (to-
gether with Roger Kellaway) Bonanza playing Tom Slayden 19 May 1963
The Boss
2.8.8 Series music The Outer Limits playing Deimos 13 January 1964
All in the Family (TV) (1971) singing title song Controlled Experiment
2.8. PARTIAL CREDITS 21
The Fugitive playing Sheri Bray 10 March 1964 Saturday Night Live as himself (uncredited) 25
September 1976
Flight from the Final Demon
The Man from U.N.C.L.E. playing Walter Brach Bill Moyers Journal as himself 16 May 1981
27 October 1964
Gloria playing Archie Bunker in episode: Gloria,
The Green Opal Aair the First Day (un-aired pilot)" 1982
Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea playing Old John
21 December 1964 The Redd Foxx Show Old Buddies 1 March 1986
Long Live the King Party of Five (six episodes) as Jake Gordon
I Spy playing Dr. Karolyi 13 April 1966
The Rosie O'Donnell Show as himself 4 March 1998
Its *All Done with Mirrors
Biography: Carroll O'Connor 22 June 2001 as him-
The Time Tunnel playing General Southall/Colonel self
Southall 7 October 1966
The Last Patrol
2.8.11 Misc
The Wild Wild West playing Fabian Lavendor 25
November 1966
Remembering You (1972) An LP of classic songs
The Night of the Ready-Made Corpse Himself
Mission: Impossible playing Josef Varsh 28 Jan- An All-Star Tribute to Elizabeth Taylor (1977) Him-
uary 1967 self
The Trial
CBS: On the Air (1978) mini-series part VII co-host
That Girl playing Giuseppe Casanetti 23 February
1967 The 30th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards (1978)
Himself Winner
A Tenors Loving Care
Gunsmoke playing Major Glenn Vanscoy 30 Oc- All in the Family: 20th Anniversary Special (1991)
tober 1967 Himself
Major Glory All in the Family: The E! True Hollywood Story

Dundee and the Culhane (2000) Himself
The Duelist Brief (1967) Intimate Portrait: Minnie Driver (2000) Narrator
Insight (1970)
A&E Biography: Carroll O'Connor - All in a Life-
The Day God Died time (2001) Himself
Rowan & Martins Laugh-In as Guest Performer
13 December 1971
2.8.12 Archive footage featuring Carroll
The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour as himself (2 O'Connor
episodes, 19711972)
This Is Your Life as himself Don Rickles 12 Jan- Bruce Lee: A Warriors Journey (2000) (V)
uary 1972
The 53rd Annual Primetime Emmy Awards (2001)
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson as himself Memorial tribute
(5 episodes, 19721975)
Inside TV Land: African Americans in Television
The Dean Martin Show as himself Celebrity Roast:
(2002)
Carroll O'Connor 7 December 1973
The Dick Cavett Show as himself London - New The 74th Annual Academy Awards (2002) Memo-
York 8 September 1976 rial tribute
2.9 See also 2.11 External links

Carroll O'Connor at the Internet Movie Database
2.10 References
Carroll O'Connor at the Internet Broadway Database
[1] Gareld, David (1980). Appendix: Life Members of
The Actors Studio as of January 1980. A Players Place:
Carroll O'Connor at the Internet O-Broadway
The Story of The Actors Studio. New York: MacMillan Database
Publishing Co., Inc. p. 279. ISBN 0-02-542650-8.
Carroll O'Connor at Find a Grave
[2] Special Collectors Issue: 50 Greatest TV Stars of All
Carroll O'Connor interview video at the Archive of
Time. TV Guide (December 1420). 1996.
American Television
[3] Carroll O'Connor interview with the Archive of American
In the Heat of the Night Fan Club (Facebook)
Television on YouTube
In the Heat of the Night Fan Club (Ocial ITHOTN
[4] Carroll O'Connor Biography (1924-2001)". FilmRefer-
Fan Source)
ence.com. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
[5] Severo, Richard. Carroll O'Connor, Embodiment of So-

cial Tumult as Archie Bunker, Dies at 76, The New York
Times, June 22, 2001. Accessed November 18, 2007.
The O'Connors lived well, at rst in the Bronx, later in
a larger apartment in Elmhurst, Queens, and nally in a
nice single-family home in Forest Hills, Queens, then an
enclave for people of means.
[6] Shattuck, Kathryn. Carroll O'Connor. The New York

Times. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
[7] Sigma Phi Epsilon -- Prominent Alumni. Sigma Phi Ep-

silon Fraternity. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
[8] All in the UM Family - O'Connors Donate $1 Million

to Center. University of Montana. Retrieved August 7,
2011.
[9] O'Connor, Carroll, I Think I'm Outta Here, Simon &

Schuster, 1998
[10] Carroll O'Connor. New York Times. Retrieved Septem-

ber 2, 2011.
[11] citation needed
[12] Rob Reiner on the Middle-Age Love Story 'And So It

Goes". The Hungton Post.
[13]
[14] http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0640356/bio
[15] 10 Questions With...Carroll O'Connor. Motor Trend

Magazine. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
[16] Participation to funeral according to AllBusiness.com
[17] Source: USIMDB.com
[18] source: BrainyQuote.com
[19] Source: A&EBiography.com
[20] Source: CNN.com
[21] Source: BrainyQuote.com

Chapter 3
Archie Bunker
Archibald "Archie" Bunker is a ctional character from As the series progressed, Archie mellows somewhat, al-
the 1970s American television sitcom All in the Fam- beit often out of necessity. In one episode, he ex-
ily and its spin-o Archie Bunkers Place, played to ac- presses revulsion for a Ku Klux Klan-like organiza-
claim by Carroll O'Connor. Bunker, a principal charac- tion which he accidentally joins.[4] On another occasion,
ter of the series, is a World War II veteran, reactionary when asked to speak at the funeral of his friend Stretch
conservative, blue-collar worker, and family man. De- Cunningham, Archiesurprised to learn that his friend
scribed as a lovable bigot, he was rst seen by the Amer- was Jewishovercomes his initial discomfort and deliv-
ican public when All in the Family premiered on January ers a moving eulogy, closing with a heartfelt "Shalom".
12, 1971, where he was depicted as the head of a fam- In 1978, the character became the guardian of Ediths
ily. In 1979, the show was retooled and renamed Archie step-cousin Floyds nine-year-old daughter, Stephanie
Bunkers Place; it nally went o the air in 1983. Bunker (Danielle Brisebois) and came to accept her Jewish faith;
lived at the ctional address of 704 Hauser Street in the he even bought her a Star of David pendant.[5]
borough of Queens, in New York City. Archie was also known for his frequent malapropisms
All in the Family got many of its laughs by playing on and spoonerisms. For example, he refers to Ediths
Archies bigotry, although the dynamic tension between gynecologist as a groinacologist and to Catholic priests
Archie and his liberal son-in-law, Mike, provided an on- who go around sprinkling "incest" (incense) on their con-
going political and social sounding board for a variety of gregation. By the shows second season, these had be-
topics. Archie appears in all but seven episodes of the se- come dubbed Bunkerisms, Archie Bunkerisms, or
ries (three were missed because of a contractual dispute simply Archie-isms.[6][7]
between Carroll O'Connor and Norman Lear in Season
Bunkers own ethnicity is never explicitly stated, other
5). than the fact that he is a WASP. (Archies character
In 1999, TV Guide ranked Archie Bunker number 5 on voice was created by a mix of accents Carroll O'Connor
its 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time list.[1] In heard while studying acting in New York City.) Archie
2005, Archie Bunker was listed as number 1 on Bravo's mocks the British and refers to England as a "fag coun-
100 Greatest TV Characters,[2] defeating runners-up such try. He often uses the words colored, jungle bun-
as Ralph Kramden, Lucy Ricardo, Fonzie, and Homer nies, or spade in reference to African-Americans, and
Simpson. Archies armchair is in the permanent collec- refers to the Chinese as Chinks, Germans as Krauts,
tion of the National Museum of American History. Hispanics or Latinos as Spics, the Irish as Micks, Ital-
ians as Dagos, Jewish people as Hebes, the Japanese
as Japs, and Poles as Polacks.
3.1 Character traits Archie often misquotes the Bible. He is Protestant,
though his specic denomination is never stated. He
Famous for his gru, bigoted personablacks, Hispan- takes pride in being religious, although he rarely at-
ics, Commies, gays, hippies, Jews, Catholics, womens tends church services and constantly mispronounces the
libbers, and Polish-Americans are frequent targets of his name of his minister, Reverend Felcher, as Reverend
barbs. Rather than being motivated by malice, he is por- Fletcher. (When Edith inevitably corrects him, he dis-
trayed as hardworking, a loving father and husband, as misses the error with Whatever.)
well as a basically decent man whose views are merely The inspiration for Archie Bunker was Alf Garnett, the
a product of the era and working-class environment in character from the BBC1 sitcom Till Death Us Do Part,
which he has been raised. Nevertheless, Archie is bad- on which All in the Family was based.[8]
tempered and frequently tells his long-suering, scatter-
brained wife Edith to stie yourself and dummy up.
Series creator Norman Lear admitted that this is how his
father treated Lears mother.[3]
23
24 CHAPTER 3. ARCHIE BUNKER
3.2 Character biography Fred and Archie, as it is learned when Fred visits Archie
in the Archies Brother episode, had not seen each other
in the 29 years since Archie and Ediths wedding, al-
When rst introduced on All in the Family in 1971, though they apparently had communicated over the years
Archie is the head of a family consisting of his wife via phone (two early episodes -- Cousin Oscar and Li-
Edith (Jean Stapleton), his adult daughter Gloria (Sally onel Steps Out -- depict phone conversations between
Struthers), and his liberal son-in-law, college student Archie and Fred), their long estrangement fueled because
Michael Mike Stivic (Rob Reiner), with whom Archie of a petty argument, apparently out of a sibling rivalry of
disagrees on virtually everything; Archie frequently char- sorts going back to their childhood. Fred visits Archie for
acterizes Mike as a dumb Polack" and usually addresses support, because he is about to go into the hospital for a
him as Meathead because, in Archies words, he is major operation, and the two apparently seem to patch
dead from the neck up. During the shows rst ve sea- things up between them. However, in Freds return trip
sons, Mike and Gloria are living with Archie and Edith, to visit Archie and Edith, he arrives with a beautiful 18-
so that Mike could put himself through college. Upon year-old wife named Katherine. This leads to a heated
Mikes graduation, he and Gloria move into their own discussion, which erupts into argument between Archie
home next door, allowing Archie and Mike to interact and Fred over MaySeptember romances and places an-
nearly as much as they had when they were living in the other strain on the relationship between Archie and Fred,
same house. who storms angrily out of the Bunker home with his teen
Archie was born on May 20, 1924[9] to parents David bride. Archie and Fred apparently are estranged for the
and Sarah.[10] Information on his siblings is inconsistent, next three-plus years. Putting a further strain on the rela-
as three are mentioned, and Archie is seen talking on the tionship was the 1981 arrival of Freds 18-year-old daugh-
phone to his younger brother Fred in Cousin Oscar (as ter, Barbara (Billie) Denise Miller, who is also upset
well as Freds daughter Debbie Marie), but during season over her fathers marriage to someone not even three years
6 episode Archie Finds a Friend, he states that he is an older than she is (although in Archie Bunkers Place, Billie
only child. Two later episodes (one during season 8 and begins dating someone 15 years her senior). Fred visits
another during season 9) feature Fred (played by Richard again for Christmas in 1982, nally revealing to everyone
McKenzie) and it is now suggested that Fred is Archies why he left his rst wife and found love with Katherine.
only sibling. Another of Freds daughters, Linda, visited Archie is a World War II veteran who had been based in
during the third season (she briey dated the Bunkers Foggia, Italy for 22 months. During a doctors appoint-
neighbor Lionel in Lionel Steps Out). ment it is stated that Archie had an undistinguished mil-
Two of Archies cousins are depicted: Oscar, who dies itary record for his non-combat ground role in the Air
o-camera in the Bunker house during a visit, and cousin Corps, later called the Army Air Forces, which at the
Bertha (played by Peggy Rea, who appears in the same time was a branch of the United States Army. Archie
episode), apparently a somewhat distant cousin, as Archie often insisted that he was a member of the Air Corps.
[12]
does not recognize her. He received the Good Conduct Medal, and in the All
in the Family episode Archies Civil Rights, it is dis-
Archie celebrates his 50th birthday in a 1974 episode and closed he also received the Purple Heart for being hit in
the character is last seen on the nal episode of Archie his buttocks by shrapnel.
Bunkers Place, on April 4, 1983. He is a Taurus.[11] In
Season 5, during a three-episode stretch where Archies He married Edith Bunker 22 years before the rst season.
whereabouts are unknown, it is revealed that he graduated Later recollections of their mid-1940s courtship do not
from Flushing High School and lettered in baseball. result in a consistent timeline. On the ashback episode
showing Mike and Glorias wedding, Archie indicates to
While locked in the storeroom of Archies Place with Mike that his courtship of Edith lasted two years and hints
Mike, in the season 8 All in the Family episode Twos that their relationship was not consummated until a month
a Crowd, a drunk Archie condes that as a child, his after their wedding night. Edith elsewhere recollects that
family was desperately poor, and he was teased in school Archie fell asleep on their wedding night and blurts out
because he wore one shoe on one foot and a boot on the that their sex life has not been very active in recent years.
other, so kids nicknamed him Shoe-Booty. In the same On another occasion, Edith reveals Archies history of
episode, Mike learns that Archie was mentally and physi- gambling addiction, which caused problems in the early
cally abused by his father, who was the source of his big- years of their marriage. Archie also reveals that when
oted views. Yet, Archie then goes on to vehemently de- Edith was in labor with Gloria, he took her to Bayside
fend his father, who he claims loved him and taught him Hospital on the Q5 bus because the subway don't run to
right from wrong. The only clue to his fathers occu- Bayside.
pation is a railroad watch that Archie receives from his
formerly long-estranged brother, Alfred (Fred), who According to Edith, Archies resentment of Mike
later appeared in two All in the Family episodes, "Archies stemmed primarily from the fact that Mike was attend-
Brother" and "The Return of Archies Brother", and the ing college, while Archie had been forced to drop out of
Archie Bunkers Place episode Father Christmas. high school during the Great Depression to help support
3.4. SEE ALSO 25
his family. Archie does not take advantage of the GI Bill ica. Lear thought that Bunkers opinions on race, sex,
to further his education, although he does attend night marriage, and religion were so wrong as to represent a
school to earn a high school diploma in 1973. Archie is parody of right wing bigotry.
also revealed to have been an outstanding baseball player Sammy Davis, Jr., who was both black and Jewish, gen-
in his youth: his dream was to pitch for the New York uinely liked the character. He felt that Bunkers bigotry
Yankees. He had to give up this dream when he left high was based on his rough, working-class life experiences
school to enter the workforce. His uncle got him a job on and that Bunker was honest and forthright in his opin-
a loading dock after World War II, and by the 1970s he ions, showing an openness to changing his views if an in-
was a foreman.
dividual treated him right. Davis, in fact, appeared in an
A Protestant, Archie seldom attends church, despite pro- episode of All in the Family and later in an episode of the
fessing strong Christian views. The original pilot men- spin-o Archie Bunkers Place.
tions that in the 22 years Archie and Edith were mar- Bunkers racism and misogynistic view was the template
ried, Archie had only attended church seven times (in- for the creation of the character Eric Cartman, who is
cluding their wedding day) and that Archie had walked considered by many to be the poster child for the ani-
out of the sermon the most recent time, disgusted with mated sitcom, South Park.[18]
the preachers message (which he perceived as leftist).
Archies religiosity often translates into knee-jerk oppo-
sition to atheism or agnosticism (which Mike and Gloria
variously espoused), Catholicism, and, until late in the 3.4 See also
series, Judaism.
Anti-hero
Archie is a Republican[13] and an outspoken supporter of
Richard Nixon, as well as an early (1976) supporter of
Ronald Reagan, who correctly predicted Reagans elec- All in the Family
tion in 1980. During the Vietnam War, Archie dismisses
peace protesters as unpatriotic and has little good to say Archie Bunkers Place
about the Civil Rights Movement. Despite having an ad- Alf Garnett
versarial relationship with his black neighbors, the Jef-
fersons, he forms an unlikely friendship with their son Edith Bunker
Lionel, who performs various odd jobs for the Bunkers
and tolerates Archies patronizing racial views. Eric Cartman
The later spino series 704 Hauser features a new, black Homer Simpson
family moving into Bunkers old home. The series is set in
1994 but does not indicate whether Bunker, who would Kenny Powers
have been 70 by this time, is still alive. His now-adult
grandson, Joey Stivic, appears briey in the rst episode List of All in the Family episodes
of the series and references his grandfather, but doesn't Peter Grin
state whether hes still alive at this point.
Stan Smith
3.3 Viewer reactions

3.5 References
Such was the name recognition and societal inuence
of the Bunker character that by 1972, commentators [1] TV Guide to TV. Barnes and Noble. 2004. p. 651. ISBN
were discussing the Archie Bunker vote (i.e., the vot- 0-7607-5634-1.
ing bloc comprising urban, white, working-class men)
in that years presidential election. In the same year, [2] The 100 Greatest TV Characters. Bravo. Archived
from the original on October 15, 2007. Retrieved January
there was a parody election campaign, complete with T-
14, 2012.
shirts, campaign buttons, and bumper stickers, advocat-
ing Archie Bunker for President.[14][15] [3] TVs 50 Funniest Phrases. NBC. May 26, 2009.
The characters imprint on American culture is such that [4] Archie and the KKK, Parts I and II
Archie Bunkers name was still being used in the media
in 2008, to describe a certain group of voters who voted [5] Episode 197
in that years U.S. presidential election.[16][17]
[6] Rosa, A. F.; Eschholz, P. A. (1972). Bunkerisms:
Norman Lear originally intended that Bunker be strongly Archies Suppository Remarks in All in the Family. The
disliked by audiences. Lear was shocked when Bunker Journal of Popular Culture (2): 271. doi:10.1111/j.0022-
quietly became a beloved gure to much of middle Amer- 3840.1972.0602_271.x.
26 CHAPTER 3. ARCHIE BUNKER
[7] http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/archie+
bunkerism
[8] Till Death Us Do Part. comedy.co.uk. Retrieved

September 12, 2013.
[9] In episode 106, Archie and the Quiz, there is a direct

reference to the fact that Archie was born in 1924.
[10] stated in season one, episode one, Meet the Bunkers
[11] Last original airing of Archie Bunkers Place
[12] Archie and the FBI
[13] Video on YouTube
[14] Yahoo!News at the Wayback Machine (archived March 9,

2008)
[15] The Archie Bunker strategy? | Philadelphia Daily News |

13 March 2008
[16] Yahoo!News at the Wayback Machine (archived March 9,

2008)
[17] The Archie Bunker strategy? | Philadelphia Daily News |

13 March 2008
[18] Rovner, Julie (April 5, 2008). Eric Cartman: Americas

Favorite Little $@#&*%". NPR.
3.6 External links

Archie Bunker information at tvland.com
The Bunkers chairs at the National Museum of

American History
Chapter 4
Jean Stapleton
Jean Stapleton (born Jeanne Murray; January 19, duction of the musical Somethings Afoot, which was later
1923 May 31, 2013) was an American character ac- broadcast on Showtime. In 1982 Stapleton portrayed
tress of stage, television and lm. Eleanor Roosevelt in a television production of the First
Ladys later life. In 1998, and for a few years after-
Stapleton is best known for having portrayed Edith
Bunker, the long-suering, yet devoted wife of Archie ward, Stapleton took her Eleanor characterization to
live theaters, now adapted as a one-woman show.[7] She
Bunker (played by Carroll O'Connor) and mother of
Gloria Stivic (played by Sally Struthers), on the 1970s co-starred with Whoopi Goldberg in Bagdad Cafe, the
television series based on the movie of the same name
sitcom All in the Family.[1] Stapleton was a three-time re-
cipient of the Prime Time Emmy Award for leading ac- and made a guest appearance September 30, 1978, on the
tress in a comedy series, and won two Golden Globes in sixth episode of the third season of The Muppet Show.
the same category during the shows run. She also made
occasional appearances on the All in the Family follow-up
series, Archie Bunkers Place, but, tired of the role, asked
to be written out of the show during the rst season.[1][2]
4.1 Early life and career

Stapleton was born on January 19, 1923[1][3] in
Manhattan, New York City, the daughter of Marie A.
(Stapleton), an opera singer, and Joseph E. Murray, a
billboard advertising salesman. At age 18 she began
her career in 1941 in summer stock theatre and made
her New York debut in the O-Broadway play American
Gothic.[4][5]
Stapleton with Carroll O'Connor (left) and guest star James
Stapleton was featured on Broadway in several hit mu- O'Rear, in a 1973 episode of All in the Family
sicals, such as Damn Yankees,[6] Funny Girl,[6] Bells Are
Ringing,[6] and Juno. She guest starred in many televi- Stapletons awards for All in the Family include three
sion series, including the role of Rosa Criley in the 1963
Emmys[8] and two Golden Globes.[9] In 1971, she bested
episode The Bride Wore Pink on NBC's medical drama both Mary Tyler Moore and Marlo Thomas for the Best
about psychiatry, The Eleventh Hour. She recreated her Actress in a Comedy award on May 9th, which happened
parts in the lm musicals of Damn Yankees (1958) and to be Mothers Day.[10] She was oered a role in the fea-
Bells Are Ringing (1960). ture lm Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory as Mrs.
Stapletons early work on television included roles in Teevee, but she declined because it coincided with the
Starlight Theatre, Robert Montgomery Presents, Lux Video production of the All in the Family pilot (the role went to
Theater, Woman with a Past, The Philco-Goodyear Tele- Nora Denney).[3]
vision Playhouse, Dr. Kildare,[6] My Three Sons,[6] Car Stapleton appeared in made-for-TV movies and feature
54, Where Are You?,[6] Dennis the Menace, and Naked lms such as Something Wild (1961), Up the Down Stair-
City. On the episode The Hidden Jungle of The De- case (1967), Klute (1971), the comedy Cold Turkey (a
fenders broadcast on December 1, 1962, Jean Stapleton 1971 Norman Lear lm), Tail Gunner Joe (1977), and
guest-starred as Mrs. Larsen with future television hus- the Faerie Tale Theatre episode "Cinderella" as the Fairy
band Carroll O'Connor.[6] Godmother and as the Giants Wife in "Jack and the
In 1979 Stapleton appeared in the original Canadian pro- Beanstalk". She also had a recurring role on televisions
27
28 CHAPTER 4. JEAN STAPLETON
Scarecrow and Mrs. King as a British spy. She appeared

in the educational series Beakmans World as Beakmans
mother, Beakmom.[11] Stapleton co-starred in 1984s fea-
ture lm The Buddy System with Susan Sarandon and
Richard Dreyfuss.
She played Ariadne Oliver in the 1986 television adap-
tation of Dead Mans Folly, opposite Peter Ustinov as
Hercule Poirot. However she declined the opportunity
to lead in the television mystery programme Murder, She
Wrote, which from 1984 to 1996 instead starred Angela
Lansbury.[12]
In 1996 Stapleton played opposite John Travolta, portray-
ing the eccentric rooming house owner, Pansy Milbank
in Nora Ephron's hit Michael. Stapleton also appeared in
the 1998 feature You've Got Mail as a close co-worker in
whom Meg Ryan's character condes. On May 14, 2000,
in the Mothers Day episode of the TV series Touched
by an Angel she played an angel named Emma who came
to help Celine who was taking care of her late best friends
mother.
In the 1990s Stapleton played the role of Mrs. Piggle-
Wiggle in a childrens series of the same name based on
the books by Betty MacDonald.[13] Stapleton (left) beside Carroll O'Connor on the set of All in the
In 1996 Stapleton appeared on Everybody Loves Ray- Family
mond playing Rays imperious aunt.[14] That same year,
she also appeared in the Murphy Brown episode All
in the Family playing Miless grandmother, Nana Television Hall of Fame that same year.
Silverberg.[15] Making a debut in the world of video
games, Stapleton was the voice of Grandma Ollie on
KinderActive, Turner Pictures, and New Line Cinemas
venture Grandma Ollies Morphabet Soup. The game
4.2 Personal life
won a Teachers Choice Award from Learning Magazine.
On 26 January 1998, Stapleton guest-starred on the Jean For 30 years, Stapletons husband William Putch (1924
Smart sitcom, Style & Substance in the episode A Recipe 83) directed a summer stock theater, Totem Pole
for Disaster, playing a former television chef who has an Playhouse, at Caledonia State Park in Fayetteville,
alcohol problem.[16][17] Pennsylvania. Stapleton performed regularly at the the-
atre with the resident company. Together they had two
Stapleton voiced John Rolfes maid, Mrs. Jenkins, in children: actor/writer/director John Putch and television
Disneys 1998 direct-to-video animated lm Pocahontas producer Pamela Putch.[21]
II: Journey to a New World.[18]
Stapletons brother, Jack Stapleton, was a stage actor. Her
Stapleton rarely appeared on talk shows, but she re- cousin is actress Betty Jane Watson.[22] Stapleton was ac-
united on-camera with O'Connor on Donny and Marie tive in the Christian Science church.[23][24]
Osmond's show on April 24, 2000, a little over a year
before O'Connors death. When the shows hosts asked Jean was not, as commonly believed, related patrilin-
[6]
her to perform in Edith Bunkers voice, she jokingly told eally to the actress Maureen Stapleton. Genealogists
them that she only does so for pay. [19] have determined that the two were fourth cousins through
Jeans maternal grandmother and Maureens paternal
Stapleton seldom watched All In the Family, but by 2000 grandmother.[25]
she reconsidered, she said to the Archive of American
Television.[12]
A 2001 made-for-TV movie, Like Mother, Like Son:
The Strange Story of Sante and Kenny Kimes, starred 4.3 Death and reaction
Mary Tyler Moore as Sante Kimes, Gabriel Olds as
Kenny, and Jean Stapleton as Silverman. On May 31, 2013, Stapleton died surrounded by family
[26]
In 2002, Jean Stapleton was inducted into the American and friends in New York City of natural causes. She
[20]
Theatre Hall of Fame. She was also inducted into the was 90 and was survived by her two children John and
Pamela.[27]
4.5. EXTERNAL LINKS 29
Norman Lear said, No one gave more profound 'how to [15] Byrge, Duane; Barnes, Mike (June 1, 2013). "'All in the
be a human being' lessons than Jean Stapleton.[28] Fel- Family' Star Jean Stapleton Dies at 90. Hollywood Re-
low US sitcom actress Roseanne Barr said that Staple- porter.
[28]
tons range was unbelievable, deep and majestic. Co-
[16] Johnson, Steve (26 January 1998). ""Style & Substance":
star and BAFTA- and Oscar-nominated director and pro- Some shows earn a raspberry. This new.... Chicago Tri-
ducer Rob Reiner said, Working with her was one of the bune. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
greatest experiences of my life.[28] Sally Struthers said,
Jean lived so in the present. She was a Christian Scien- [17] ""Style & Substance A Recipe for Disaster (TV episode
tist who didn't say or think a negative thing ... She was 1998)" at the Internet Movie Database
just a walking, living angel.[29]
[18] King, Susan (August 20, 1998). Pocahontas, Re-
The marquee lights on Broadway were dimmed for one Revisited: A direct-to-video sequel from Disney contin-
minute on June 5, 2013 at 8 p.m. EDT to honor the mem- ues the story of the Native American heroine. Los Ange-
ory of Stapleton.[30] les Times. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
[19] Perigard, Mark. Jean Stapleton, actress, Archie Bunkers

Edith, 90. Boston Herald. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
4.4 References
[20] Playbill.com
[1] Biography for Jean Stapleton. Turner Classic Movies. [21] William H. Putch. The New York Times. November 25,
Retrieved June 2, 2013. 1983. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
[2] All About All in the Family. mortystv.com. Retrieved 7 [22] Jean Stapleton Forever Grateful, and Back on Stage.
July 2015. totaltheater.com. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
[3] Michael Karol. Funny Ladies. p. 46. [23] Unger, Arthur (December 11, 1981). Jean Stapleton: a
life after Edith Bunker. Christian Science Monitor. Re-
[4] Goodwin, Betty (January 5, 1986). Jean Stapleton: 'Star- trieved June 2, 2013.
dom isn't a Goal'". New York Times. Retrieved March 7,
2010. [24] Anderson, Nancy, Jean Stapleton talks of religion,
Daily News, Kingsport, Tennessee (Copley News Service)
[5] BWW News Desk. Broadway and TV Star Jean Staple- (September 10, 1974)
ton Passes Away. BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved 7 July
2015. [25] Stapleton, Maureen. A Hell of a Life. Simon & Schuster,
1995
[6] Weber, Bruce (June 1, 2013). Jean Stapleton, Who
Played Archie Bunkers Better Angel, Dies at 90. The [26] Jean Stapleton, best known for playing Edith Bunker in
New York Times. Retrieved June 2, 2013. 'All in the Family,' dies at 90. Fox News. Associated
Press. June 1, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
[7] Faires, Robert (November 10, 2000). Image of a First
Lady. Austin Chronicle. Retrieved March 7, 2010. [27] Luther, Claudia (June 1, 2013). "'All in the Family' star
Jean Stapleton dies at 90. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved
[8] "All In The Family Star Jean Stapleton Dies At 90. CBS June 2, 2013.
News New York. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
[28] Botelho, Greg (June 1, 2013). Actress Jean Stapleton,
[9] Eby, Margaret (June 1, 2013). Jean Stapleton, Edith from 'All in the Family,' dies. CNN. Retrieved June 2,
Bunker of 'All in the Family, dies at 90. Daily News 2013.
(New York). Retrieved June 2, 2013.
[29] starpulse.com
[10] 14 Mind-Blowing Facts from Mothers Day History.
Retrieved 2015-05-05. [30] Broadway To Dim Its Lights In Honor Of Jean Staple-
ton. NY1. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
[11] Cohen, Aryeh Dean (October 3, 2003). The Logi-cal
choice for concerned parents. The Jerusalem Post. p.
18. 4.5 External links
[12] All in the Family actress Jean Stapleton dies. BBC News.
June 3, 2013. Jean Stapleton at Find a Grave
[13] Braxton, Greg (June 1, 2013). Jean Stapleton: Actress Jean Stapleton at the Internet Movie Database
who played Edith Bunker was no 'dingbat'". Los Angeles
Times. Jean Stapleton at the Internet Broadway Database
[14] Silverton, Stephen M. (June 1, 2013). Jean Stapleton Jean Stapleton at the Internet O-Broadway
Dies at 90. People. Retrieved June 2, 2013. Database
30 CHAPTER 4. JEAN STAPLETON
Jean Stapleton interview video at the Archive of

American Television
Obituary on BroadwayWorld
Chapter 5
Edith Bunker
Edith Bunker (ne Baines) is a ctional 1970s sitcom garding Archies similar gambling problem).
character on All in the Family (and occasionally Archie Edith was the voice of reason and rock of understand-
Bunkers Place), played by Jean Stapleton. She was
ing, often contributing a unique perspective to a topic.
the wife of Archie Bunker (who often called her a She was decidedly less bigoted than Archie (e.g., she was
"dingbat"), mother of Gloria Stivic, mother-in-law of good friends with her black neighbor Louise Jeerson,
Michael Meathead Stivic and after 1975, grandmother while Archie was always at odds with her and husband
of Joey Stivic. Her cousin was Maude Findlay (Beatrice George). Though her opinions sometimes sharply dif-
Arthur) who was Archies nemesis.[1] fered from Archies, she was intensely loyal to her hus-
band, often stuck up for him and stood by him in his times
of need. Edith was hardly the sharpest member of the
5.1 Character background family and could be a tad slow on the uptake, but she was
certainly the happiest and wisest character on the show.
Edith Bunker was a native of New York City. She was For example, in a conversation with Gloria, Edith stated
born in October 1927 and died in her sleep of a stroke in that she favored capital punishment, as long as it ain't
September 1980, at age 52. She attended Millard Fill- too severe. In the episode "Cousin Liz" (in which the
more High School and was in the graduating class of Bunkers learn that her recently deceased cousin Liz was
1943. Her high school only had one reunion and that was a lesbian and that her roommate, Veronica, had been,
the 30th, in 1973, which she attended. There is not an in fact, Liz' life partner), Edith is at rst shocked at the
exact date brought up when she met Archie, but the place revelation, but quickly throws her arms around Veronica
was the Puritan Maid Ice Cream Parlor. Her character and warmly accepts her as Lizs "true next-of-kin, giv-
and accent changed somewhat between the rst and sec- ing her the tea-set Lizs spouse would have legally inher-
ond seasons. In the earliest episodes, she was the put- ited. Edith was extremely popular because she was easily
upon wife, often bemoaning (though softly) her hus- the sweetest character on the show, unconditionally lov-
bands behavior or comments: also during the rst season, ing everyone she knew and also managing to keep high
Jean Stapleton spoke more in her own range (albeit with spirits even when she faced tragedy.
a pronounced accent), rather than the nasal, high pitched In contrast, in a memorable episode in the shows sec-
voice for which Edith is generally remembered. By the ond season, Edith uncharacteristically snaps at Archie,
second season, she became the character more familiar to repeatedly telling him (as he frequently did to her) to
viewers: kind, utterly non-judgmental and fully dedicated stie. Edith, who otherwise never cursed, also loudly
to her husband. Also, in the rst season, she pronounced instructed the family to Leave me alone, dammit!" Af-
her husbands name as Ahchie or even Archie. In the ter a visit to the doctor Gloria explains to Archie that he
1st season 2nd episode Writing the President Edith re- needs to be sensitive to the fact that Edith is going through
marks how before her marriage, in 1946 she got a job and menopause. Later on in the episode, a frustrated Archie
started working for the Hercules Plumbing Company. yells at Edith When I had the hernia I didn't make you
By the second season, her husband became Awwchie. wear the truss. Now if you're gonna have a change of
In the third season episode The Battle of the Month and life, you gotta do it right now. I'm gonna give you 30 sec-
fourth season episode Gloria Sings the Blues, Edith re- onds now come on, change!" In another episode, Edith,
veals that her parents almost divorced after a nasty ght in a conversation with Gloria, wondered whether men go
and that although they stayed married, things were never through women-o-pause.
the same between them. This deeply aected Edith and
her views on marriage, marital ghting, as well as how to When All in the Family premiered in 1971, Edith was a
treat other people. In the fourth season episode Archie housewife. In 1974 Edith got a part-time job as a care-
the Gambler, Edith reveals that her father was addicted taker at the Sunshine Home. She later was a partner
to gambling and almost brought his family to ruin (an ex- in Archies business, Archies Place, the tavern he pur-
perience which led Edith to put her foot down twice re- chased in 1977. (In truth, she wasn't a legal ocial part-
31
32 CHAPTER 5. EDITH BUNKER
ner. She just made that claim after Archie forged her sig-
tional traumas throughout the series. Edith goes through
nature - Archie claimed he just copied it from a check menopause in the second season (Ediths Problem), dis-
- on an application to mortgage their house, in order to covers a lump in her breast just before Christmas in the
secure funds for the purchase of the pub.) Edith loses fourth season (Ediths Christmas Story), is nearly raped
her job at the Sunshine Home in 1979 (for breaking a on her 50th birthday in the eighth season ("Ediths 50th
policy by allowing a terminally ill woman to die and fail-
Birthday") and in season nine briey contracts laryngitis
ing to inform the sta), but in an early episode of Archie
(A Night at the PTA) and develops phlebitis in the
Bunkers Place, she is able to nd a similar caretakers job
shows nal episode (Too Good Edith). The rst
at a mental health facility. episode of the second season of Archie Bunkers Place
Edith was most known for her shrill voice (her trademark (Archie Alone) reveals that Edith died as result of a
stroke.
Oh, Aaaaaaaaaah-chie!" became very popular among
viewers) and her ighty demeanor. The latter charac-
ter trait caused Archie to call her dingbat. However,
Archie truly loved his wife and wanted what was best 5.2 Ediths death
for both of them. Frequently, he would consult with her
whenever something bothered him (such as the episode, The Death of Edith made Archie intensely protective
Archie and the KKK, where a distressed Archie asks of her and became upset at even the thought of los-
Edith for advice on how to prevent a cross burning). ing her (a point driven home in the episode Too Good
More than once, Edith sharply chastised Archie for cast- Edith, the 209th and nal episode of All in the Family, in
ing judgment against other people, particularly when which Edith becomes seriously ill while frantically help-
he mentions God. Two notable examples came in the ing Archie cook Irish dinners for a St. Patricks Day cel-
episodes Cousin Liz (Archie went on a diatribe about ebration at the bar: she had been suering from phlebitis
how God hates gays) and California, Here We Are and didn't tell Archie out of love, but he found out any-
(where, upon learning that Glorias near aair had al- way and was upset that she'd hidden it from him. (Edith
most destroyed the Stivics marriage, berates the Little actually tried telling him, but Archie was so adamant that
Goil and says that the matter is Gods business). In she cook, that he didn't give her the chance to convey her
both instances, Edith warned Archie to back o and says illness to him.)
that God should be left to deal with those matters and Archies worst nightmare came true in 1980, on the All
the people involved. She also became close friends with in the Family continuation series Archie Bunkers Place,
a transvestite person/drag performer known as Beverly when Edith died (o-camera) of a stroke in 1980. In
LaSalle (Lori Shannon) who came into their lives when the one-hour second-season premiere, Archie Alone,
Archie saved his life when he required CPR, remaining which originally aired on CBS on November 2, 1980,
friends with him, despite Archies discomfort. Edith later Archie and Stephanie are shown dealing with the grief,
had a crisis of faith after Beverlys death protecting Mike having lost Edith several weeks prior to the episode.
from muggers.
Fearing being typecast in a 'submissive' role,[2] Jean Sta-
Edith also serves as the voice of reason for Mike and pleton had wished to leave her role as a regular charac-
on several occasions corrects him when, as she says, ter, although she was open to guest appearances (in inter-
Hes been acting all stuck up. She explains to Mike that views, Stapleton has stated the role of Edith had reached
Archie yells at him not because he hates Mike but because its potential). Her appearances in the prior season sharply
he is jealous of Mikes many opportunities in life. Edith declined: she appeared in only four episodes of the 1979-
also, on many occasions, helps Gloria to understand that 1980 season. The 19801981 season premiere of Archie
Glorias feminist views, while correct, do not mean other Bunkers Place acknowledged Ediths death (which had
viewpoints are necessarily any less valid. occurred a month before) and focused on Archies de-
Edith is described by Archies father as being too smart nial and later grieving over Ediths death. The memorable
for him because, while Edith appears to have less-than- episode ends with Archie alone in the bedroom in which
average intelligence, she is very wise about life and the he nds one of Ediths slippers, at which time he mourns
way the world works. her death.
Around the house, Edith usually ran everywhere she went, The following is part of the transcript from the episode
implicitly to please others without them having to wait. on Ediths death:
This included answering the doorbell or phone and run-
ning to the kitchen to get Archie a beer.
Archie: It wasn't supposed to be like this.
In The Saga of Cousin Oscar, Edith mentions she has I was supposed to be the rst one to go. I al-
two sisters, Helen and Gertrude. In Lionel Steps Out, ways used to kid you about you going rst. You
she mentions a brother, Harry. know I never meant none of that and that morn-
The character suers from several physical and emo- ing when yous was laying there. I was shaking
you and yelling at you to go down and x my
breakfast. I didn't know. You had no right to

leave me that way ... (Holding the slipper to
his face, Archie starts to cry) "... without giv-
ing me just one more chance to say I love you.
It was only with great reluctance that producer Norman

Lear agreed to have his beloved character killed o.
When Stapleton reminded him that Edith was a ctional
character, Lear took a long pause, causing Stapleton to
think she'd hurt him. Finally, Lear said To me, she
isn't [ctional], but ultimately made the decision to have
Edith die[3][4]
Stapleton later appeared as a presenter on the 1981
Primetime Emmy Awards telecast (after the episode
Archie Alone aired) and said to the viewing audience:
See! I'm still here!" Stapleton would live 33 years after
her character was killed o, dying May 31, 2013 at the
age of 90.
5.3 Cultural impact

Edith and Archies chairs have been noted as famous
pieces of history by their inclusion in the National Mu-
seum of American History.[5] In 2009, Edith Bunker was
included in Yahoo!'s Top 10 TV Moms from Six Decades
of Television for the decade 19711979.[6]
5.4 References
[1] The Museum of Broadcast Communications - Encyclo-
pedia of Television. museum.tv. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
[2] Jean Stapleton: No Dingbat. legacy.com. Retrieved 7

July 2015.
[3] All About All in the Family. mortystv.com. Retrieved 7

July 2015.
[4] Jean Stapleton Interview. Archive of American Televi-

sion (http://www.emmytvlegends.org)..
[5] The NMAH, The Bunkers Chairs.
[6] Adair, Aly (February 27, 2009). Top 10 Favorite TV

Moms. Yahoo!. Retrieved June 17, 2012.
5.5 External links

Encyclopedia of Television entry on All in the Family
All in the Family at the Internet Movie Database

All in the Family on TVLand.com
Chapter 6
Rob Reiner
This article is about the actor and director. For the

Canadian musician, see Robb Reiner.
Warning: Page using Template:Infobox person with
unknown parameter political party (this message is
shown only in preview).
Robert Rob Reiner (born March 6, 1947) is an Amer-

ican actor, director, producer, and activist. As an ac-
tor, Reiner rst came to national prominence with the
role of Michael Stivic, son-in-law of Archie and Edith
Bunker (played by Carroll O'Connor and Jean Staple-
ton), on All in the Family (197178). That role earned
him two Emmy Awards during the 1970s. As a director,
Reiner was recognized by the Directors Guild of America
(DGA) with nominations for the coming of age comedy- Reiner (with Bernadette Peters) as Michael Stivic on All in the
drama lm Stand by Me (1986), the romantic comedy Family, 1976
When Harry Met Sally... (1989), and the courtroom
drama A Few Good Men (1992). He also directed the
psychological horror-thriller Misery (1990), the romanticfamous playing Michael Stivic, Archie Bunkers liberal
comedy fantasy adventure The Princess Bride (1987) and son-in-law, on Norman Lear's 1970s situation comedy All
the heavy metal comedy-mockumentary This Is Spinal in the Family, which was the most-watched television pro-
Tap (1984). gram in the United States for ve seasons (19711976).
The characters nickname became closely associated with
him, even after he had left the role and went on to build
6.1 Early life a high-prole career as a director. Reiner has stated, I
could win the Nobel Prize and they'd write 'Meathead
[3]
Reiner was born to a Jewish family in The Bronx, wins the Nobel Prize'. For his performance, Reiner
New York, and is the son of Estelle Reiner (ne Le- won two Emmy Awards in addition to three other nomi-
bost; 1914-2008), an actress, and Carl Reiner (1922 nations and ve Golden Globe nominations. After an ex-
present), a renowned comedian, actor, writer, producer, tended absence, Reiner has recently returned to television
and director.[1] As a child, Reiner lived at 48 Bonnie acting with a recurring role on New Girl (2012present).
Meadow Road in New Rochelle, New York; the home In 1972, Reiner, Phil Mishkin, and Gerry Isenberg cre-
of the ctional Petrie family in The Dick Van Dyke Show, ated the situation comedy The Super for ABC. Starring
created by Robs father, was 148 Bonnie Meadow Lane. Richard S. Castellano, the show depicted the life of the
He studied at the UCLA Film School.[2] harried Italian American superintendent of a New York
City apartment building and ran for 10 episodes in the
summer of 1972. Reiner and Mishkin co-wrote the pre-
6.2 Career miere episode.
Beginning in the 1980s, Reiner became known as a di-
In the late 1960s, Reiner acted in bit roles in several tele- rector of several successful Hollywood lms that spanned
vision shows including Batman, The Andy Grith Show, many dierent genres. Several of these lm remains
Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. and The Beverly Hillbillies. He be- highly popular with fans and critics. Some of his ear-
gan his career writing for the Smothers Brothers Comedy lier lms include cult classics such as the rock-band
Hour in 1968 and 1969. A few years later, Reiner became mockumentary This Is Spinal Tap (1984) and the comedic
34
6.3. POLITICS AND ACTIVISM 35
6.3 Politics and activism
Rob Reiner speaking at a Howard Dean rally on Oct 29, 2003
Reiner has devoted considerable time and energy to

liberal activism in recent years. His lobbying as an anti-
smoking advocate in particular, earned his likeness a
satirical role in a South Park episode titled "Butt Out".
Reiner is a co-founder of the American Foundation for
Equal Rights, which initiated the court challenge against
Rob Reiner at the 1988 Emmy Awards. California Proposition 8 which banned same-sex mar-
riage in the state.[6]
In 1998, Reiner chaired the campaign to pass Prop 10, the
California Children and Families Initiative, which created
fantasy lm The Princess Bride (1987), as well as his pe- First 5 California, a program of early childhood develop-
riod piece coming of age tale Stand by Me (1986), which ment services, funded by a tax on tobacco products. He
was also highly acclaimed. He often collaborates with served as the rst chairman of First 5 California, from
lm editor Robert Leighton, whom he also shares with 1999 to 2006. Reiner came under criticism for cam-
fellow director-actor Christopher Guest as their go-to ed- paigning for a ballot measure (Prop 82) to fund state-
itor. run preschools while still chair of the First Five Commis-
sion, causing him to resign from his position on March
Reiner has gone on to direct other critically and commer- 29, 2006. An audit was conducted, and it concluded that
cially successful lms with his own company, Castle Rock the state commission did not violate state law and that it
Entertainment. These include several iconic lms such had clear legal authority to conduct its public advertising
as the romantic comedy When Harry Met Sally... (1989), campaigns related to preschool. In the end, Prop 82 failed
which has been critically ranked among the all-time best to win approval, garnering only 39.1% support.
of its genre,[4] the tense thriller Misery (1990), for which
Reiner was mentioned as a possible candidate to run
Kathy Bates won the Academy Award for Best Actress,
and his most commercially successful work, the military against California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger in
2006 but decided not to run for personal reasons.
courtroom drama A Few Good Men (1992), which was
nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.[5] He campaigned extensively for Democratic presidential
Subsequent lms directed by Reiner include the politi- nominee Al Gore in the 2000 Presidential election, and
cal romance The American President (1995), the court- he campaigned in Iowa for Democratic Presidential can-
room drama Ghosts of Mississippi (1996), and the uplift- didate Howard Dean just before the 2004 Iowa caucuses.
ing comedy The Bucket List (2007). He endorsed Hillary Clinton for president for the 2008
election.
Reiner has continued to act in supporting roles in a num-
ber of movies and television shows, including Throw Reiner is a member of the Social Responsibility Task
Momma from the Train (1987), Sleepless in Seattle Force, an organization advocating moderation where so-
(1993), Bullets Over Broadway (1994), The First Wives cial issues (such as violence and tobacco use) and the en-
Club (1996), Primary Colors (1998), EDtv (1999), New tertainment industry meet.
Girl (2012present), and The Wolf of Wall Street (2013). Reiner is also active in environmental issues, and he suc-
He has also parodied himself with cameos in works such cessfully led the eort to establish Californias Ahmanson
as Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star (2003) and 30 Rock Ranch as a state park and wildlife refuge rather than as
(2010). a commercial real estate development. He introduced
36 CHAPTER 6. ROB REINER
Spinal Tap at the London Live Earth concert in July 2007. [2] Alumni of the UCLA Film School. Tft.ucla.edu.
Archived from the original on August 10, 2014. Retrieved
February 24, 2010.
6.4 Personal life [3] Yehey! Entertainment. Yehey.com. Retrieved Febru-

ary 24, 2010.
Rob Reiner married actress/director Penny Marshall in [4] AFIs 10 Top 10. American Film Institute. 2008-06-17.
1971 and adopted Marshalls daughter, actress Tracy Retrieved 2008-06-18.
Reiner (A League of Their Own), from a previous mar-
[5] Rob Reiner. Box Oce Mojo. Retrieved February 24,
riage to Michael Henry. Reiner and Marshall divorced in 2010.
1981.[7]
[6] Civil Rights Activist: Director Rob Reiner. WeHo Con-
Reiner was introduced to his future wife, photographer
dential. August 2010. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
Michele Singer, while directing When Harry Met Sally.
The meeting not only resulted in his deciding to change [7] Abramowitz, p. 291
the ending of that movie, but he also married Singer
in 1989. They have three children. In 1997, Reiner [8] Lavoie, Richard (2005). Its So Much Work to Be Your
Friend. New York: Touchstone. p. xvii. ISBN 978-0-
and Singer founded the I Am Your Child Foundation,
7432-5463-2.
and in 2004, they founded the Parents Action for Chil-
dren, a non-prot organization with a dual purpose: a) [9] Rob Reiner: At last, Im having what shes having.
to raise awareness of the importance of a childs early
years by producing and distributing celebrity-hosted ed- [10] Debra Ollivier: Rob Reiner On The Magic Of Belle Isle
And 'Living Your Life Until You Can't'". Hungton-
ucational videos for parents, and b) to advance public pol-
[8] post.com. June 23, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
icy through parental education and advocacy.
Reiner has stated that his childhood home was not ob- [11] Rob Reiner grandchildren
servantly Jewish, although he did have a Bar Mitzvah [12] Maslin, Janet (1987-12-11). Throw Momma from the
ceremony.[9] He identied himself as having no religious Train. The New York Times.
aliation on the January 13, 2012, episode of Real Time
with Bill Maher.[10] Reiner later told Hungton Post con- [13] Wagmeister, Elizabeth (January 18, 2015). Mel Brooks
& Jimmy Kimmel Set To Guest Star On FXs 'The Come-
tributor Debra Oliver that while he rejected organized re-
[10] dians". Variety.
ligion, he was sympathetic to the ideas of Buddhism.
In addition to his four children, Reiner has ve
grandchildren.[11] 6.7 External links
Rob Reiner at the Internet Movie Database
6.5 Work Rob Reiners biography, awards, and milestones at
Hollywood.com
6.5.1 Film
Rob Reiner Archive of American Television Inter-
view
6.5.2 As director
American Foundation for Equal Rights
6.5.3 As actor
Parents Action for Children
6.5.4 Television Rob Reiner interview video at the Archive of Amer-
ican Television
6.5.5 As actor The lms of Rob Reiner, Hell Is For Hyphenates,
October 31, 2013
6.5.6 As writer or director
6.5.7 As self
6.6 References
[1] Rob Reiner Biography (1947)". Filmreference.com.
Retrieved February 24, 2010.
Chapter 7
Michael Stivic
Michael Casimir Mike Stivic is a ctional character his character.) The exact year of the Stivics marriage is
on the long-running American television sitcom of the somewhat ambiguous. In season 2, episode 5, Flash-
1970s, All in the Family. He was the live-in son-in-law of back: Mike Meets Archie (mentioned above), which
the series lead character, Archie Bunker, who frequently rst aired October 16, 1971, Mike and Gloria celebrate
called him Meathead. Michael was the husband of their rst wedding anniversary. A 1972 episode centers
Archies daughter Gloria (played by Sally Struthers). Rob on Mike and Glorias second wedding anniversary: mean-
Reiner (son of comedian Carl Reiner) played the role of ing they would have been married in 1970 while the 1978
Michael Stivic throughout the series. episode The Stivics Go West it is revealed that Mike and
Gloria are coming upon the ninth anniversary meaning
they would have been married in 1969.
7.1 Character overview Exacerbating the conicts between college student
Michael and his conservative father-in-law Archie
The character of Michael Stivic is an Americanized ver- Bunker, is the fact that in the early years of the tele-
sion of the British original: Til Death Us Do Part's Mike vision series, these two characters live under the same
Rawlins, the Trotskyist Randy Scouse Git who arouses roof. This proximity means that the tensions between
the passionate ire of his arch-conservative father-in-law these seemingly diametrically opposed people result in
Alf Garnett. For the American version of this charac- endless arguments over the simplest of topics, even the
ter, the Trotskyist angle was drastically softened: Michael proper order in which to put on socks and shoes. Along
Stivic is a social liberal and a leftist, but not an adherent with other issues, such as Michaels frequent decision to
of any form of communism and is presented as possi- sit in Archies coveted chair and huge appetite for food
bly a Democrat who is sympathetic to the Students for a purchased by Archies working-class income, their huge
Democratic Society movement (SDS), which is hinted by ideological dierences greatly contributed to the conict
his occasional use of SDS ally and Yippie leader Abbie between the two characters.[2] Michael is a determined
Homan's guerrilla theatre antics. agnostic-though he would at times identify himself as an
atheist in order to rile up Archie, who assumed he was in
Michael Stivic is a Polish-American from Chicago. He complete disbelief of God-,[3] in contrast to his mother-
was orphaned at a young age, with his parents having been in-laws quiet Christian church attendance and his non-
killed in a car crash. He was raised by his uncle Casimir practicing but nonetheless staunchly Christian father-in-
Stivic, an ex-Marine lieutenant turned orist, who calls law. He also is a dedicated humanitarian who wishes to
him Mickey with great aection. He also has an uncle help change the world:[2] originally, Michael wanted to
Alex. become a social worker, but his career aspirations shifted
When All in the Family begins, Michael is married to Glo- towards teaching as the series progressed.[2] When the
ria and shares a bedroom with her in the home of her neighboring Jeerson family moves out of the neighbor-
parents, whom he addresses as Ma and Archie (or hood, the family patriarch George allows Michael to rent
Arch), while focusing his eorts on earning a college his old house so Michael and Gloria can have a home
degree in sociology.[1] His rst meeting with Archie (seen of their own: George, however, is still the houses legal
in a ashback) shows him as a bearded hippie with a tie- owner. Although being next door still results in frequent
dyed shirt. His wardrobe throughout most of the series is visits, the tension between Michael and Archie eases as
much more subdued: most often he wears a denim shirt, they now live under dierent roofs.
jeans, and boots. He shaves his beard for his wedding Michael is presented as a representative of the
with Gloria, but keeps his mustache afterwards (on rare counterculture of the 1960s (reecting current events
occasions later in the series, however, he would go for during the period in which the show was broadcast).
a clean shaven look) and wears his hair well below the There is no suggestion, however of the drug use or "free
collar. (As Reiner was losing his hair very rapidly early love" of that subculture and Michael is a dedicated
on in the series, he began wearing a toupee when playing
37
38 CHAPTER 7. MICHAEL STIVIC
academic. It is revealed in the season eight episode marriage is still troubled, exacerbated by the fact that
Gloria and Mike Meet that in 1969, Michaels dedication Michael has lost his job after he and Gloria participated
to humanitarianism was galvanized in order to weaken in a nude protest of a proposed nuclear power plant and
support for newly elected President Richard Nixon and got arrested. This is the last appearance of the character.
that he was probably a member of the SDSs newly Michael Stivic does not appear in the 1982 spin-o series
formed Worker Student Alliance that sought to encour- Gloria, which starred Sally Struthers. Initially, Reiner
age university students to nd ways to x problems had been asked to participate in the series, resurrecting
within the working class. his Michael Stivic character, but he declined. It is ex-
Though supportive of human rights, Michael would at plained (on the show) that Michael had left his wife and
times display male chauvinism as well: examples showed young son Joey (then played by Christian Jacobs) to live
when he did not want his appendix removed by a fe- in a California commune with one of his students-whom
male doctor and was a sore loser when playing a board Gloria described as the homecoming queen, a girl named
game called Group Therapy with his family and neigh- Muy"- and was in the process of going through a bitter
bors. Though he diered with Archie over the poten- divorce.
tial successes women and racial minorities could achieve,
Michael also believed that neither could socially evolve
without good education from people like him: such an ex- 7.1.1 Meathead
ample showed when he falsely characterized a blue-collar
handymans African American assistant as a minstrel Archie routinely refers to Michael by the derogatory nick-
show stereotype who dressed like his boss in the sea- name Meathead, from the rst time they meet, as seen
son 3 episode Everybody Tells the Truth. (Archies ver- in ashback in the second season episode Mike Meets
sion is just as stereotypedthe assistant is a member of Archie. In Archies own words, it means dead from
the Black Power movement and his boss is a maa thug) the neck up. Rob Reiner has said that I could win the
He was also determined to ensure that Gloria shared his Nobel Prize and they'd write 'Meathead wins the Nobel
beliefs.[2] Prize'.[4]
Although taken by surprise, Michael is excited to learn A later episode of All in the Family reveals that Archie
that Gloria is pregnant in 1971, though the pregnancy Bunker himself was referred to as Meathead in his
ends in a miscarriage. Gloria becomes pregnant again in youth.
1975 and their baby Joseph Joey Stivic is born in De-
cember of that year.
During early episodes, Michaels best friend is Lionel Jef- 7.2 References
ferson. In the rst season, Lionel surprises Michael by an-
nouncing that he and his family are moving into the house [1] http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/ptop/plain/A1076780
next door to the Bunkers However, the characters rarely [2] Vincent Terrace (2011). Encyclopedia of Television
see or refer to each other after the Jeersons leave All in Shows, 1925 through 2010, 2d ed. McFarland & Com-
the Family to join the spin-o The Jeersons: George Jef- pany. p. 240. ISBN 9780786464777. Retrieved Febru-
ferson, however, would later make a guest appearance at ary 17, 2014.
his old residence when the Stivics start preparing for their
[3] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJIUrjBs4tA&t=
move to California and meet with him to give notice that
1m42s
they will no longer be staying in his house. Another of
Michaels close friends, Al Bender (played by Billy Crys- [4] Davis, Ivor. 5 minutes with Rob Reiner, Manila Times,
tal), marries Glorias best friend Trudy Tannen in a 1976 2003. Archived March 11, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
episode.
Mike accepts a faculty position at UCSB and he and
Gloria move to Santa Barbara, California at the end of
the 1977-78 season (at which time Reiner and Struthers
ceased to be regulars on the show). They appear in a
Christmas episode during the 1978-79 season, in which
Archie and Edith (and Ediths niece Stephanie) visit
Michael and Gloria, exposing the fact that the couple have
secretly separated due to troubles in their marriage, in-
cluding an indelity Gloria had with one of his college
faculty colleagues. Though they seemingly resolve their
dierences during this episode, a Thanksgiving visit by
Mike and Gloria to the Bunkers house during the 1979-
80 season of Archie Bunkers Place shows that the Stivics
Chapter 8
Sally Struthers
Sally Anne Struthers (born July 28, 1947) is an two Emmy Awards (in 1972 and 1979) for her work on
American actress and spokeswoman, best known in the the show. In 2012, Struthers recalled the serendipity that
United States for her roles as Gloria Stivic on All in the helped her land the role:
Family, for which she won two Emmy awards, and as Ba-
bette on Gilmore Girls, and elsewhere for her portrayal in
I had just gotten let go from The Tim Con-
South Park. She was the voice of Charlene Sinclair on the
way Comedy Hour because the suits in New
ABC sitcom Dinosaurs and Rebecca Cunningham on the
York said that I made the show look cheap.
Disney animated series TaleSpin.
And the producer said, Thats the whole point,
we're trying to make it look like the Conway
show doesn't have a budget, has no money,
8.1 Personal life and so thats why theres only one Tim Con-
way dancer instead of a line of them like the
[1][2][3] June Taylor Dancers on The Jackie Gleason
Sally Anne Struthers was born on July 28, 1947 in
Show, and theres only one musician, and they
Portland, Oregon and attended Grant High School. She
[4] can't even aord an instrument for him, so hes
is one of two siblings. She has a sister, Sue. Their
standing at a music stand, humming the open-
parents are Margaret Caroline (ne Jernes) and Robert
[1] ing theme song. Thats funny! And the suits
Alden Struthers, a surgeon, who left the family when
[4] said, No, it makes the show look cheap. So
Sally was 9 or 10 years old. Her maternal grandpar-
[4] they let me, the Tim Conway dancer, go. And
ents were Norwegian immigrants. Struthers married
if they hadn't done that, I wouldn't have been
William C. Rader, a psychiatrist on December 18, 1977;
free to read for All in the Family.[6]
they divorced on January 19, 1983. They have one child,
Samantha Struthers Rader.[1]
On the short-lived Archie Bunkers Place spin-o Gloria
(19821983), Struthers reprised Gloria as a new divorcee
(she became an exchange student, when husband Mike
8.2 Career exchanged her for one of his students). The series co-
starred Burgess Meredith as the doctor of an animal clinic
Struthers moved quickly into stardom between the late with Gloria as his assistant.[5] She was a semi-regular pan-
1960s and early 1970s. In Five Easy Pieces (1970) she elist on the 1990 revival of Match Game and an occa-
was in a nude sex scene with Jack Nicholson, but achieved sional guest on Win, Lose or Draw (Even lling in for
fame as Gloria Stivic on the 1970s sitcom, All in the Fam- Vicki Lawrence as host for a week). She also had a re-
ily. Producer Norman Lear found the actress dancing on curring role as Bill Millers manipulative mother, Louise,
The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, a counterculture va- on Still Standing and regularly appeared on Gilmore Girls
riety show whose writing sta included Rob Reiner.[5] as Babette Dell. She also provided voices for a number
According to a WPTT radio interview with Doug Hoerth of animated series such as The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm
in 2003, Struthers thought that Reiners then-ance and Show (as a teenage Pebbles Flintstone), TaleSpin (as Re-
later wife, Penny Marshall, would get the role of Gloria, becca Cunningham) and was one of the voice stars on
as Marshall more resembled Jean Stapleton, who played ABCs Dinosaurs produced by Walt [5]
Disney and Henson
Edith Bunker. Actress Candice Azzara had played the Productions (as Charlene Sinclair).
role of Gloria in a pilot episode, but was soon dropped. Struthers starred in the stage production of "Annie" at the
After a shaky start, the series became a hit beginning with Fabulous Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, and has been a
its summer reruns, giving tens of millions of viewers the regular since the early 2000s at the Ogunquit Playhouse,
chance to see Gloria defending her liberal viewpoints in Ogunquit, Maine, where, in 2012, she performed in
about negative stereotypes and inequality. Struthers won Always, Patsy Cline, as Louise Segar, and 9 to 5: The Mu-
39
40 CHAPTER 8. SALLY STRUTHERS
The Great Houdini (1976)

Intimate Strangers (1977)
Fred Flintstone and Friends (19771978)
My Husband Is Missing (1978)
...And Your Name Is Jonah (1979)
A Gun in the House (1981)
Gloria (19821983)
Alice in Wonderland (1985)
9 to 5 (19861988)
A Deadly Silence (1989)
Charles in Charge (1989)
TaleSpin: Plunder & Lightning (1990)
TaleSpin (19901991)
Struthers (upper-left) in the 1976 cast promotional photo of All Tom & Jerry Kids (1990)
in the Family
Yo Yogi! (1991)
sical, as Roz Klein.[7] In 2014, Sally toured in the 50th an- Dinosaurs (19911994)
niversary production of Hello, Dolly!, playing Dolly Levi.
In the Best Interest of the Children (1992)
Acting Crazy (1994)
8.3 Activism The New Adventures of Mother Goose (1995)
Struthers has been a spokesperson for Christian Chil- The Awful Truth with Michael Moore (1999)[9]
drens Fund (later renamed ChildFund), advocating on
General Hospital (2002)
behalf of impoverished children in developing coun-
tries, mainly in Africa, and has been the spokesperson Gilmore Girls (20002007)
for International Correspondence Schools in television
ads, pitching the famous line Do you want to make Still Standing (20032006)
more money? Sure, we all do!". Her activism has The Winner (2007)
been satirized in Episode 19 of the seventh season of
Greys Anatomy, 3 Episodes of In Living Color Season Celebrity Ghost Stories (2011)
3 Episodes 6 & 18 and Season 4 Episode 27,[8] and in
the South Park Episodes "Starvin' Marvin", and "Starvin'
Marvin in Space".[5] 8.5 Awards and nominations
Primetime Emmy Awards
8.4 Work
1971 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sup-
8.4.1 Television credits porting Actress in a Comedy Series (tied with Valerie
Harper)
The Tim Conway Comedy Hour (1970)
1979 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sup-
The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour porting Actress in a Comedy Series
The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show (19711972)
Ovation Awards
All in the Family (19711978)
Aloha Means Goodbye (1974) 2010: Won the award for Featured Actress in a Mu-
sical for the role of the Fairy Godmother in the
Hey, I'm Alive (1975) Cabrillo Music Theatre production of Cinderella[10]
8.6 References
[1] Sally Struthers Film Reference biography. Filmrefer-
ence.com. 1947-07-28. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
[2] Sally Struthers: Biography, Latest News & Videos.

TVGuide.com. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
[3] Some sources gave her age as 65 in September 2012, in-

dicating she was born in 1947, not 1948, as does Intelius;
other citations include: Sally Struthers Arrested for DUI
in Maine. People. September 13, 2012. Retrieved
September 13, 2012.
[4] Struthers, Sally (November 7, 2001). Testimony to The

Commission on Aordable Housing and Health Facility:
Needs for Seniors in the 21st Century. Federal Deposi-
tory Library Program. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
[5] Sally Struthers at the Internet Movie Database
[6] Fallick, Alan H. (July 24, 2012). Sally Struthers on '9 to

5,' Life and Topless Scene with Jack Nicholson. News-
day.com. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
[7] Keyes, Bob (April 1, 2012). Waiting in the wings: Sum-

mer. The Portland Press Herald (Portland, Maine). Re-
trieved September 13, 2012.
[8] List of In Living Color episodes
[9] Struthers participation in The Awful Truth with Michael

Moore
[10] 2009/2010 Ovation Award Winners.. January 17, 2011.

Retrieved September 2, 2014.
8.7 External links

Sally Struthers at the Internet Broadway Database
Sally Struthers at the Internet Movie Database
Chapter 9
Gloria Stivic
Gloria Stivic (ne Bunker), is a ctional character She was sensitive about having only a high school educa-
played by Sally Struthers on the American situation com- tion and sometimes felt that Mike talked to her in a con-
edy All in the Family, which aired on the CBS television descending fashion, particularly during arguments.
network from 1971 until 1979. She was the only child of
Upon Mikes graduation, he and Gloria moved to the
Archie and Edith Bunker, and she was married to Michael neighboring rental house owned by former Bunker neigh-
Stivic. She was born 11 months after Edith and Archie
bor George Jeerson:[5] between seasons 1 and 5, the Jef-
were married as stated in the episode The Longest Kiss ferson family would reside in the very same house. At that
(Season 5, Episode 10).
time Gloria became pregnant. She then had a boy, Joey
Stivic, and became a stay-at-home mother, while Michael
began his teaching career. The Stivics later moved to
Santa Barbara, California after Michael was oered a
9.1 Character overview better paying associate professors position at the Univer-
sity of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB).[1]
Gloria was often caught in the middle of arguments be-
The Stivic marriage was tested after Gloria engaged in an
tween her liberal husband Michael and her conservative
aair with Bud Kreeger, a college faculty colleague of her
father, Archie. As her relationship with Michael pro-
husband. Gloria confessed this aair to her parents, while
gressed, Gloria concluded that her parents were wrong
remaining silent about sleeping with him, during Archie
about a lot of things and sided with her husbands lib-
and Ediths Christmas visit to California.
eral beliefs.[1] Despite his aections for her, Michael was
also using his marriage to get the long-sheltered Gloria to Michael and Gloria would later get arrested for engag-
share his own beliefs as well.[1] ing in a nude protest at a proposed site for nuclear power
plant. This action would cost Michael his well-paid
Glorias mother mentioned (in the pilot) that Gloria was
job at UCSB and left both of the Stivics cash-strapped.
anemic and was therefore overprotected as a child.[2]
Eventually, Michael would abandon his family to join a
Archie often referred to Gloria as his little goil [girl].
commune with one of his college students.
Having been babied throughout her early life, Gloria
would display fondness towards being pampered.[1] With Struthers continued playing the character of Gloria
lower-than-average intelligence, Gloria dropped out of Bunker in guest appearances on Archie Bunkers Place
high school at the age of 16 to take a secretarial course.[1] and on the 19821983 related series Gloria, in which she
was divorced from her husband Michael and working in
In season 7s Mike and Gloria Meet, it is explained that
a veterinarian's oce in upstate New York.[6]
Mike and Gloria met in 1969, the evening of President
Nixons inauguration (Mike had been planning to protest
the event, but opted to go on a blind date with Gloria in-
stead). They did not initially like one-another, until they 9.2 References
discovered that they shared a mutual love of ballroom
dancing. They married in 1970 in Archie and Ediths [1] Vincent Terrace (2011). Encyclopedia of Television
home in a civil ceremony (as a means of compromise be- Shows, 1925 through 2010, 2d ed. McFarland & Com-
tween Archies wish that they be married by a Protestant pany. p. 240. ISBN 9780786464777. Retrieved Febru-
minister and Mikes Uncle Cass preference of a Catholic ary 17, 2014.
priest).
[2] Adler, Richard (1979). All in the Family: A Critical Ap-
Gloria was the main breadwinner for the couple during praisal. Praeger. p. 17.
the rst ve years of their marriage while they lived in
her parents home.[3][4] With Michael attending college, [3] Sagert, Kelly Boyer (2007). The 1970s. Westport,
initially for his bachelors degree, then continuing for his Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 194. ISBN
masters, Gloria worked full-time at a department store.[4] 9780313339196.
42
9.2. REFERENCES 43
[4] Robinson, Lillian S. (1986). Sex, Class, Culture. New

York and London: Routledge. p. 315. ISBN
9780416012415.
[5] McCrohan, Donna (1987). Archie & Edith, Mike & Glo-
ria: The Tumultuous History of All in the Family. New
York: Workman Pub. p. 178. ISBN 9780894805271.
[6] McNeil, Alex (1986). Total Television: The Comprehen-

sive Guide to Programming from 1948 to the Present. New
York: Penguin Books. ISBN 9780140249163.
Chapter 10
Blowing a raspberry
Bronx Cheer redirects here. For the Law & Order particularly used in British comedy to refer to things that
episode, see Bronx Cheer (Law & Order). would be unacceptable to a polite audience.
Blowing a raspberry, strawberry or making a Bronx
The term Bronx cheer is used sarcastically because it is
not a cheer; it is used to show disapproval.
10.2 See also

Bilabial trill
Joe Btfsplk
Golden Raspberry Awards
Linguistic universal
The Phantom Raspberry Blower of Old London
Town
A man blowing a raspberry
Flatulence humor
cheer, is to make a noise that may signify derision, real
or feigned. It may also be used in childhood phonemic
play either solely by the child or by adults towards a child 10.3 References
to encourage imitation to the delight of both parties. It is
made by placing the tongue between the lips and blowing [1] Pike called it a voiceless exolabio-lingual trill, with the
to produce a sound similar to atulence. In the termi- tongue vibrating against a protruding lower lip.
nology of phonetics, this sound can be described as an Pike, Kenneth L. (1943). Phonetics: A Critical Analysis
unvoiced linguolabial trill [r] .[1] It is never used in hu- of Phonetic Theory and a Technique for the Practical De-
man language phonemically (e.g., to be used as a build- scription of Sounds. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan
ing block of words), but the sound is widely used across Press.
human cultures.
[2] Bryson, Bill (1990). The Mother Tongue: English & How
The nomenclature varies by country. In the United States, It Got That Way (Trade printing, September 1991 ed.).
Bronx cheer is sometimes used; otherwise, in the U.S. Avon Books. p. 238. ISBN 0-380-71543-0.
and in other anglophone countries, it is known as a rasp-
[3] raspberry. The Mavens Word of the Day. Random
berry, rasp, or razz the origin of which is an instance House. 1998-04-13. Retrieved September 19, 2005.
of rhyming slang, in which the non-rhyming part of a
rhyming phrase is used as a synonym. In this case, rasp- [4] Raspberry tart. Phrases.org.uk. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
berry tart rhymes with "fart".[2] It was rst recorded in
1890.[3]
10.4 External links
10.1 Etymology Video of raspberry blowing at 500 frames per sec-

ond, taken with a high speed camera
Blowing a raspberry comes from the Cockney rhyming Video of one long raspberry
slang raspberry tart for fart.[4] Rhyming slang was
44
Chapter 11
Counterculture of the 1960s
vasion bands such as the Beatles, and lmmakers whose

works became far less restricted by censorship. In ad-
dition to the trendsetting Beatles, many other creative
artists, authors, and thinkers, within and across many dis-
ciplines, helped dene the counterculture movement.
Several factors distinguished the counterculture of the
1960s from the anti-authoritarian movements of previous
eras. The post-World War II "baby boom"[6][7] gener-
ated an unprecedented number of potentially disaected
young people as prospective participants in a rethink-
ing of the direction of American and other democratic
societies.[8] Post-war auence allowed many of the coun-
terculture generation to move beyond a focus on the pro-
vision of the material necessities of life that had preoccu-
pied their Depression-era parents.[9] The era was also no-
table in that a signicant portion of the array of behaviors
and causes within the larger movement were quickly as-
similated within mainstream society, particularly in the
The peace sign (or peace symbol), designed and rst used in the US.[10][11]
UK during the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, later be-
The counterculture era essentially commenced in earnest
came synonymous with opposition to the Vietnam War.[1][2]
with the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy.
It became absorbed into the popular culture with the ter-
The counterculture of the 1960s refers to an anti- mination of US combat-military involvement in South-
establishment cultural phenomenon that developed rst east Asia and the end of the draft in 1973, and ultimately
in the United States and the United Kingdom, and then with the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon in
spread throughout much of the Western world between August 1974.
the early 1960s and the mid-1970s, with London, New
Many key movements were born of, or were advanced
York City, and San Francisco being hotbeds of early
within, the counterculture of the 1960s. Each movement
countercultural activity. The aggregate movement gained
is relevant to the larger era. The most important stand
momentum as the African-American Civil Rights Move-
alone, irrespective of the larger counterculture.[12]
ment continued to grow, and became revolutionary with
the expansion of the US governments extensive military In the broadest sense, 1960s counterculture grew from
intervention in Vietnam.[3][4][5] a conuence of people, ideas, events, issues, circum-
stances, and technological developments which served
As the 1960s progressed, widespread social tensions
as intellectual and social catalysts for exceptionally rapid
also developed concerning other issues, and tended to
change during the era.
ow along generational lines regarding human sexuality,
womens rights, traditional modes of authority, experi-
mentation with psychoactive drugs, and diering inter-
pretations of the American Dream.
As the era unfolded, new cultural forms and a dynamic 11.1 Background
subculture which celebrated experimentation, modern in-
carnations of Bohemianism, and the rise of the hippie and
other alternative lifestyles, emerged. This embracing of See also: Timeline of 1960s counterculture
creativity is particularly notable in the works of British In-
45
46 CHAPTER 11. COUNTERCULTURE OF THE 1960S
11.1.1 Post-war geopolitics
Underwater atomic test Baker, Bikini Atoll, Pacic Ocean,

1946.
The Cold War between communist states and capitalist

states involved espionage and preparation for war be-
tween powerful nations,[13][14] along with political and
military interference by powerful states in the internal
aairs of less powerful nations. Poor outcomes from
some of these activities set the stage for disillusionment
with, and distrust of, post-war governments.[15] Exam-
ples included harsh Soviet Union (USSR) responses to
popular anti-communist uprisings, such as the 1956 Hun-
garian Revolution and Czechoslovakias Prague Spring
in 1968, and the botched US Bay of Pigs Invasion of
Cuba in 1961. In the US, President Dwight D. Eisen-
hower's initial deception[16] over the nature of the 1960 Free Speech activist Mario Savio on the steps of Sproul Hall,
U-2 incident resulted in the government being caught University of California, Berkeley, 1966.
in a blatant lie at the highest levels, and contributed
to a backdrop of growing distrust of authority among
many who came of age during the period.[17][18][19] The segregation, longstanding disfranchisement of blacks in
Partial Test Ban Treaty divided the establishment within the South by white-dominated state government, and on-
the US along political and military lines.[20][21][22] Inter- going racial discrimination in jobs, housing, and access
nal political disagreements concerning treaty obligations to public places in both the North and the South.
in Southeast Asia (SEATO), especially in Vietnam, and
debate as to how other communist insurgencies should On college and university campuses, student activists
be challenged, also created a rift of dissent within the fought for the right to exercise their basic constitutional
establishment.[23][24][25] In the UK, the Profumo Aair rights, especially freedom of speech and freedom of as-
also involved establishment leaders being caught in de- sembly.[32]
ception, leading to disillusionment and serving as a cat- Many counterculture activists became aware of the
alyst for liberal activism.[26] The Cuban Missile Crisis, plight of the poor, and community organizers fought
which brought the world to the brink of nuclear war in Oc- for the funding of anti-poverty programs, particularly
tober 1962, was largely fomented by duplicitous speech in the South and within inner city areas in the United
and actions on the part of the Soviet Union.[27][28] The as- States.[33][34]
sassination of US President John F. Kennedy in Novem-
ber 1963, and the attendant theories concerning the event, Environmentalism grew from a greater understanding of
led to further diminished trust in government, including the ongoing damage caused by industrialization, resultant
among younger people.[29][30][31] pollution, and the misguided use of chemicals such as
pesticides in well-meaning eorts to improve the qual-
ity of life for the rapidly growing population.[35] Au-
11.1.2 Sociological issues and calls to ac- thors such as Rachel Carson played key roles in develop-
ing a new awareness among the global population of the
tion
fragility of planet earth, despite resistance from elements
[36]
Many sociological issues fueled the growth of the larger of the establishment in many countries.
counterculture movement. One was a nonviolent move- The need to address minority rights of women, gays,
ment in the United States seeking to resolve constitutional the handicapped, and many other neglected constituen-
civil rights illegalities, especially regarding general racial cies within the larger population came to the forefront
11.1. BACKGROUND 47
as an increasing number of primarily younger people New cinema

broke free from the constraints of 1950s orthodoxy and
struggled to create a more inclusive and tolerant social The breakdown of enforcement of the US Hays Code[43]
landscape.[37][38] concerning censorship in motion picture production, the
The availability of new and more eective forms of birth use of new forms of artistic expression in European and
control was a key underpinning of the sexual revolution. Asian cinema, and the advent of modern production val-
The notion of recreational sex without the threat of un- ues heralded a new era of art-house, pornographic, and
wanted pregnancy radically changed the social dynamic mainstream lm production, distribution, and exhibition.
and permitted both women and men much greater free- The end of censorship resulted in a complete reforma-
dom in the selection of sexual lifestyles outside the con- tion of the western lm industry. With new-found artis-
nes of traditional marriage.[39] With this change in atti- tic freedom, a generation of exceptionally talented New
tude, by the 1990s the ratio of children born out of wed- Wave lm makers working across all genres brought re-
lock rose from 5% to 25% for Whites and from 25% to alistic depictions of previously prohibited subject matter
66% for African-Americans.[40] to neighborhood theater screens for the rst time, even as
Hollywood lm studios were still considered a part of the
establishment by some elements of the counterculture.
New radio
By the later 1960s, previously under-regarded FM radio

replaced AM radio as the focal point for the ongoing ex-
plosion of rock and roll music, and became the nexus of
youth-oriented news and advertising for the countercul-
ture generation.[44][45]
Dr. Kings "I Have a Dream" speech, given in front of the Lincoln
Memorial during the 1963 March on Washington.
11.1.3 Emergent media
Television A family watches television, c. 1958
For those born after World War II, the emergence of

television as a source of entertainment and informa- 11.1.4 Changing lifestyles
tion - as well as the associated massive expansion of
consumerism aorded by post-war auence and en- Communes, collectives, and intentional communities re-
couraged by TV advertising - were key components in gained popularity during this era.[46] Early communities,
youthful disillusionment and the formulation of new so- such as the Hog Farm, Quarry Hill, and Drop City[47] in
cial behaviours, even as ad agencies heavily courted the the US were established as straightforward agrarian at-
hip youth market.[41][42] In the US, nearly real-time TV tempts to return to the land and live free of interference
news coverage of the civil rights eras Birmingham Cam- from outside inuences. As the era progressed, many
paign, the Bloody Sunday event of the Selma to Mont- people established and populated new communities in re-
gomery marches, and graphic news footage from Vietnam sponse to not only disillusionment with standard commu-
brought horrifying, moving images of the bloody reality nity forms, but also dissatisfaction with certain elements
of armed conict into living rooms for the rst time. of the counterculture itself. Some of these self-sustaining
communities have been credited with the birth and prop-

agation of the international Green Movement.
The emergence of an interest in expanded spiritual con-
sciousness, yoga, occult practices and increased human
potential helped to shift views on organized religion dur-
ing the era. In 1957, 69% of US residents polled by
Gallup said religion was increasing in inuence. By the
late 1960s, polls indicated less than 20% still held that
belief.[48]
The "Generation Gap", or the inevitable perceived di-
vide in worldview between the old and young, was per-
haps never greater than during the counterculture era.[49]
A large measure of the generational chasm of the 1960s
and early 1970s was born of rapidly evolving fashion and
hairstyle trends that were readily adopted by the young,
but often misunderstood and ridiculed by the old. These
included the wearing of very long hair by men,[50] the
wearing of natural or "Afro" hairstyles by Blacks, the
donning of revealing clothing by women in public, and
the mainstreaming of the psychedelic clothing and regalia
of the short-lived hippie culture. Ultimately, practical
and comfortable casual apparel, namely updated forms
of T-shirts (often tie-dyed, or emblazoned with political
or advertising statements), and Levi Strauss-branded blue
denim jeans[51] became the enduring uniform of the gen-
eration. The fashion dominance of the counterculture ef-
fectively ended with the rise of the Disco and Punk Rock Anti-war protesters
eras in the later 1970s, even as the global popularity of
T-shirts, denim jeans, and casual clothing in general have
continued to grow. and pig as derogatory epithets for police reappeared,
and became key words within the counterculture lexicon.
The distrust of police was based not only on fear of police
Emergent middle-class drug culture brutality during political protests, but also on general-
ized police corruption - especially police manufacture of
In the western world, the ongoing criminal legal status of false evidence, and outright entrapment, in drug cases.
the recreational drug industry was instrumental in the for- In the US, the social tension between elements of the
mation of an anti-establishment social dynamic by some counterculture and law enforcement reached the break-
of those coming of age during the counterculture era. The ing point in many notable cases, including: the Columbia
explosion of marijuana use during the era, in large part University protests of 1968 in New York City,[55][56][57]
by students on fast-expanding college campuses,[52] cre- the 1968 Democratic National Convention protests in
ated an attendant need for increasing numbers of peo- Chicago,[58][59][60] the arrest and imprisonment of John
ple to conduct their personal aairs in secret in the pro- Sinclair in Ann Arbor, Michigan,[61] and the Kent State
curement and use of banned substances. The classi- shootings at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio.[62] Po-
cation of marijuana as a narcotic, and the attachment lice malfeasance was also an ongoing issue in the UK dur-
of severe criminal penalties for its use, drove the act ing the era.[63]
of smoking marijuana, and experimentation with sub-
stances in general, deep underground. Many began to
live largely clandestine lives because of their choice to
11.1.6 The Vietnam War
use such drugs and substances, fearing retribution from
[53][54]
their governments.
The Vietnam War, and the protracted national divide
between supporters and opponents of the war, were ar-
11.1.5 Law enforcement guably the most important factors contributing to the rise
of the larger counterculture movement.
The confrontations between college students (and other The widely accepted assertion that anti-war opinion was
activists) and law enforcement ocials became one of held only among the young is a myth,[64][65] but enormous
the hallmarks of the era. Many younger people began war protests consisting of thousands of mostly younger
to show deep distrust of police, and terms such as "fuzz" people in every major US city eectively united millions
11.1. BACKGROUND 49
Jerry Rubin, University at Bualo, March 10, 1970. Carnaby Street, London, 1969.
against the war, and against the war policy that prevailed growing subculture in the US and associated with the
under ve congresses and during two presidential admin- hippie phenomenon, generating its own magazines and
istrations. newspapers, fashion, music groups, and clubs. Under-
ground gure Barry Miles said, The underground was a
catch-all sobriquet for a community of like-minded anti-
11.1.7 In Western Europe establishment, anti-war, pro-rock'n'roll individuals, most
of whom had a common interest in recreational drugs.
They saw peace, exploring a widened area of conscious-
ness, love and sexual experimentation as more worthy of
their attention than entering the rat race. The straight,
consumerist lifestyle was not to their liking, but they did
not object to others living it. But at that time the middle
classes still felt they had the right to impose their values
on everyone else, which resulted in conict.[66]
In the Netherlands, Provo was a counterculture move-
ment that focused on provoking violent responses from
authorities using non-violent bait.[67]
In France, the General Strike centered in Paris in May
1968 united French students, and nearly toppled the
government.[68]
Kommune 1 or K1 was a commune in West Germany,
and was known for its bizarre staged events that uctu-
ated between satire and provocation. These events served
as inspiration for the "Sponti" movement and other left-
ist groups. In the late summer of 1968, the commune
moved into a deserted factory on Stephanstrae in order
to reorient. This second phase of Kommune 1 was char-
acterized by sex, music and drugs. Soon, the commune
was receiving visitors from all over the world, including
Jimi Hendrix.[69][70]
11.1.8 In Australia
Revolutionary poster, France: May 1968: The beginning of a
Oz Magazine was rst published as a satirical humour
prolonged struggle
magazine between 1963 and 1969 in Sydney, Australia,
and, in its second and better known incarnation, became
The counterculture movement took hold in Western Eu- a psychedelic hippy magazine from 1967 to 1973 in
rope, with London, Amsterdam, Paris, Rome and West London. Strongly identied as part of the underground
Berlin rivaling San Francisco and New York as counter- press, it was the subject of two celebrated obscenity tri-
culture centers. als, one in Australia in 1964 and the other in the United
The UK Underground was a movement linked to the Kingdom in 1971.[71][72]
remained popular due in part to their adoption of Spanish

for their lyrics, but mostly as a result of a dedicated un-
derground following. While Mexican rock groups were
eventually able to perform publicly by the mid-1980s, the
ban prohibiting tours of Mexico by foreign acts lasted un-
til 1989.[73]
The Cordobazo was a civil uprising in the city of
Crdoba, Argentina, in the end of May 1969, during the
military dictatorship of General Juan Carlos Ongana,
which occurred a few days after the Rosariazo, and a
year after the French May '68. Contrary to previous
protests, the Cordobazo did not correspond to previous
struggles, headed by Marxist workers leaders, but asso-
Oz number 31 cover. ciated students and workers in the same struggle against
the military government.[74]
11.1.9 In Latin America
Main articles: La Onda Chicana and Mexican rock

11.2 Movements
See also: Tlatelolco massacre and Mexico 68
In Mexico, rock music was tied into the youth revolt
Three radical icons of the sixties. Encounter between Simone de

Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre and Ernesto Che Guevara in Cuba,
in 1960
of the 1960s. Mexico City, as well as northern cities

such as Monterrey, Nuevo Laredo, Ciudad Jurez, and
Tijuana, were exposed to US music. Many Mexican rock
stars became involved in the counterculture. The three-
day Festival Rock y Ruedas de Avndaro, held in 1971,
was organized in the valley of Avndaro near the city
of Toluca, a town neighboring Mexico City, and became
known as The Mexican Woodstock. Nudity, drug use, US Senator Eugene McCarthy (D-MN), anti-war candidate for
and the presence of the US ag scandalized conserva- President in 1968.
tive Mexican society to such an extent that the govern-
ment clamped down on rock and roll performances for See also: Timeline of 1960s counterculture
the rest of the decade. The festival, marketed as proof
of Mexicos modernization, was never expected to attract
the masses it did, and the government had to evacuate
stranded attendees en masse at the end. This occurred 11.2.1 Civil Rights
during the era of President Luis Echeverra, an extremely
repressive era in Mexican history. Anything that could be Main article: American Civil Rights Movement (1955
connected to the counterculture or student protests was 1968)
prohibited from being broadcast on public airwaves, with See also: Timeline of the American Civil Rights Move-
the government fearing a repeat of the student protests ment
of 1968. Few bands survived the prohibition; though the
ones that did, like Three Souls in My Mind (now El Tri), The US Civil Rights Movement, a key element of the
11.2. MOVEMENTS 51
larger counterculture movement, involved the use of ap-

plied nonviolence to assure that equal rights guaran-
teed under the US Constitution would apply to all citi-
zens. Many states illegally denied many of these rights to
African-Americans, and this was successfully addressed
in the early and mid-1960s in several major nonviolent
movements.[75][76]
11.2.2 Free Speech
Main article: Free Speech Movement
Much of the 1960s counterculture originated on college

campuses. The 1964 Free Speech Movement at the Uni-
Herbert Marcuse, associated with the Frankfurt School of critical
versity of California, Berkeley, which had its roots in the
theory, was an inuential libertarian socialist thinker on the rad-
Civil Rights Movement of the US South, was one early ical student movements of the era[81] philosopher of the New
example. At Berkeley a group of students began to iden- Left[82]
tify themselves as having interests as a class that were
at odds with the interests and practices of the University
and its corporate sponsors. Other rebellious young peo- (parecon), and Inclusive Democracy emerged from this.
ple, who were not students, also contributed to the Free
A surge of popular interest in anarchism occurred in
Speech Movement.[77]
western nations during the 1960s and 1970s.[85] An-
archism was inuential in the counterculture of the
1960s[86][87][88] and anarchists actively participated in the
11.2.3 The New Left late 60s students and workers revolts.[89] During the IX
Congress of the Italian Anarchist Federation in Carrara
Main article: New Left in 1965, a group decided to split o from this organiza-
tion and created the Gruppi di Iniziativa Anarchica. In
The New Left is a term used in dierent countries to de- the 70s, it was mostly composed of veteran individual-
scribe left-wing movements that occurred in the 1960s ist anarchists with an of pacism orientation, naturism,
and 1970s. They diered from earlier leftist movements etc, ....[90] In 1968 in Carrara, Italy the International
that had been more oriented towards labour activism, and of Anarchist Federations was founded during an in-
instead adopted social activism. The US New Left is ternational anarchist conference held there in 1968 by
associated with college campus mass protests and radical the three existing European federations of France, the
leftist movements. The British New Left was an intel- Italian and the Iberian Anarchist Federation as well as
lectually driven movement which attempted to correct the the Bulgarian federation in French exile.[91][92] During
perceived errors of "Old Left" parties in the post-World the events of May 68 the anarchist groups active in France
War II period. The movements began to wind down in were Fdration anarchiste, Mouvement communiste lib-
the 1970s, when activists either committed themselves ertaire, Union fdrale des anarchistes, Alliance ouvrire
to party projects, developed social justice organizations, anarchiste, Union des groupes anarchistes communistes,
moved into identity politics or alternative lifestyles, or be- Noir et Rouge, Confdration nationale du travail, Union
came politically inactive.[78][79][80] anarcho-syndicaliste, Organisation rvolutionnaire anar-
The emergence of the New Left in the 1950s and 1960s chiste, Cahiers socialistes libertaires, contre-courant, La
led to a revival of interest in libertarian socialism.[83] The Rvolution proltarienne, and the publications close to
New Lefts critique of the Old Left's authoritarianism mile Armand.
was associated with a strong interest in personal liberty, The New Left in the United States also included anar-
autonomy (see the thinking of Cornelius Castoriadis) and chist, countercultural and hippie-related radical groups
led to a rediscovery of older socialist traditions, such as such as the Yippies who were led by Abbie Homan,
left communism, council communism, and the Industrial The Diggers[93] and Up Against the Wall Motherfuck-
Workers of the World. The New Left also led to a revival ers. By late 1966, the Diggers opened free stores which
of anarchism. Journals like Radical America and Black simply gave away their stock, provided free food, dis-
Mask in America, Solidarity, Big Flame and Democracy tributed free drugs, gave away money, organized free mu-
& Nature, succeeded by The International Journal of In- sic concerts, and performed works of political art.[94] The
clusive Democracy,[84] in the UK, introduced a range of Diggers took their name from the original English Dig-
left libertarian ideas to a new generation. Social ecology, gers led by Gerrard Winstanley[95] and sought to create
autonomism and, more recently, participatory economics a mini-society free of money and capitalism.[96] On the
other hand the Yippies employed theatrical gestures, such

as advancing a pig ("Pigasus the Immortal) as a can-
didate for President in 1968, to mock the social status
quo.[97] They have been described as a highly theatri-
cal, anti-authoritarian and anarchist[98] youth movement
of symbolic politics.[99] Since they were well known
for street theater and politically themed pranks, many of
the old school political left either ignored or denounced
them. According to ABC News, The group was known
for street theater pranks and was once referred to as the
'Groucho Marxists'.[100]
11.2.4 Anti-war
Main article: Opposition to the Vietnam War

See also: Students for a Democratic Society (1960
organization), Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Free
Speech Movement, Vietnam Day Committee, National
Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam,
Vietnam Veterans Against the War and New Zealands A sign pointing to an old fallout shelter in New York City.
nuclear-free zone
brought together by Women Strike for Peace marched
In Trafalgar Square, London in 1958,[101] in an act of civil in 60 cities in the United States to demonstrate against
disobedience, 60,000-100,000 protesters made up of stu- nuclear weapons.[110][111] In 1963, many countries rati-
dents and pacists converged in what was to become the ed the Partial Test Ban Treaty which prohibited atmo-
"ban the Bomb" demonstrations.[102] spheric nuclear testing.[112]
Opposition to the Vietnam War began in 1964 on United Some local opposition to nuclear power emerged in
States college campuses. Student activism became a the early 1960s,[113] and in the late 1960s some mem-
dominant theme among the baby boomers, growing to bers of the scientic community began to express their
include many other demographic groups. Exemptions concerns.[114] In the early 1970s, there were large protests
and deferments for the middle and upper classes resulted about a proposed nuclear power plant in Wyhl, Germany.
in the induction of a disproportionate number of poor, The project was cancelled in 1975 and anti-nuclear suc-
working-class, and minority registrants. Countercultural cess at Wyhl inspired opposition to nuclear power in other
books such as MacBird by Barbara Garson and much parts of Europe and North America.[115] Nuclear power
of the counterculture music encouraged a spirit of non- became an issue of major public protest in the 1970s.[116]
conformism and anti-establishmentarianism. By 1968,
the year after a large march to the United Nations in New
York City and a large protest at the Pentagon were un- 11.2.6 Feminism
dertaken, a majority of people in the country opposed
the war.[103] Main article: Feminist Movement in the United States
(19631982)
11.2.5 Anti-nuclear
The role of women as full-time homemakers in industrial
Main article: History of the anti-nuclear movement society was challenged in 1963, when US feminist Betty
See also: Musicians United for Safe Energy Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, giving mo-
mentum to the womens movement and inuencing what
many called Second-wave feminism. Other activists, such
The application of nuclear technology, both as a source as Gloria Steinem and Angela Davis, either organized, in-
of energy and as an instrument of war, has been uenced, or educated many of a younger generation of
controversial.[104][105][106][107][108] women to endorse and expand feminist thought. Fem-
Scientists and diplomats have debated the nuclear inism gained further currency within the protest move-
weapons policy since before the atomic bombing of ments of the late 1960s, as women in movements such
Hiroshima in 1945.[109] The public became concerned as Students for a Democratic Society rebelled against
about nuclear weapons testing from about 1954, follow- the support role they had been consigned to within
ing extensive nuclear testing in the Pacic. In 1961, the male-dominated New Left, as well as against mani-
at the height of the Cold War, about 50,000 women festations and statements of sexism within some radical
11.2. MOVEMENTS 53
groups. The 1970 pamphlet Women and Their Bodies, while the rst Earth Day in 1970 was signicant in bring-
soon expanded into the 1971 book Our Bodies, Ourselves, ing environmental concerns to the forefront of youth cul-
was particularly inuential in bringing about the new fem- ture. At the start of the 1970s, counterculture-oriented
inist consciousness. publications like the Whole Earth Catalog and The Mother
Earth News were popular, out of which emerged a back
to the land movement. The 1960s and early 1970s
11.2.7 Free School Movement counterculture were early adopters of practices such as
recycling and organic farming long before they became
Main article: Free school movement mainstream. The counterculture interest in ecology pro-
gressed well into the 1970s: particularly inuential were
New Left eco-anarchist Murray Bookchin, Jerry Man-
der's criticism of the eects of television on society,
11.2.8 Environmentalism Ernest Callenbach's novel Ecotopia, Edward Abbey's c-
tion and non-ction writings, and E.F. Schumacher's eco-
Main article: Environmentalism
nomics book Small is Beautiful.
The 1960s counterculture embraced a back-to-the-land
11.2.9 Gay liberation
The cover of an early Whole Earth Catalog shows the Earth as

seen by astronauts traveling back from the Moon
ethic, and communes of the era often relocated to the

country from cities. Inuential books of the 1960s in-
cluded Rachel Carson's Silent Spring and Paul Ehrlich's
The Population Bomb. Counterculture environmentalists The Stonewall Inn, Greenwich Village, New York City, September
were quick to grasp the implications of Ehrlichs writ- 1969.
ings on overpopulation, the Hubbert "peak oil" predic-
tion, and more general concerns over pollution, litter, the Main article: Gay liberation
environmental eects of the Vietnam War, automobile-
dependent lifestyles, and nuclear energy. More broadly The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent
they saw that the dilemmas of energy and resource allo- demonstrations against a police raid that took place in the
cation would have implications for geo-politics, lifestyle, early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall
environment, and other dimensions of modern life. The Inn, a gay bar in the Greenwich Village neighborhood
back to nature theme was already prevalent in the coun- of New York City. This is frequently cited as the rst
terculture by the time of the 1969 Woodstock festival, instance in US history when people in the gay commu-
nity fought back against a government-sponsored system Timothy Miller,

that persecuted sexual minorities, and became the den-
ing event that marked the start of the Gay rights move- Drop City brought together most of the
ment in the United States and around the world. themes that had been developing in other recent
communities-anarchy, pacism, sexual free-
dom, rural isolation, interest in drugs, art-and
11.3 Culture and lifestyles wrapped them amboyantly into a commune
not quite like any that had gone before[118]
11.3.1 Hippies
Many of the inhabitants practiced acts like reusing trash
Main article: History of the hippie movement and recycled materials to build Geodesic domes for shel-
ter and other various purposes; using various drugs like
marijuana and LSD, and creating various pieces of Drop
After the January 14, 1967 Human Be-In in San Fran- Art. After the initial success of Drop City, visitors would
cisco organized by artist Michael Bowen, the medias at- take the idea of communes and spread them. Another
tention on culture was fully activated.[117] In 1967 Scott commune called The Ranch was very similar to the cul-
McKenzie's rendition of the song "San Francisco (Be ture of Drop City, as well as new concepts like giving
Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)" brought as many as children of the commune extensive freedoms known as
100,000 young people from all over the world to celebrate childrens rights.[119]
San Franciscos "Summer of Love. While the song had
originally been written by John Phillips of The Mamas &
the Papas to promote the June 1967 Monterey Pop Festi- 11.3.2 Marijuana, LSD, and other recre-
val, it became an instant hit worldwide (#4 in the United
ational drugs
States, #1 in Europe) and quickly transcended its original
purpose. See also: History of LSD
San Franciscos ower children, also called hippies by
local newspaper columnist Herb Caen, adopted new styles During the 1960s, this 2nd group of casual LSD users
of dress, experimented with psychedelic drugs, lived evolved and expanded into a subculture that extolled the
communally and developed a vibrant music scene. When mystical and religious symbolism often engendered by
people returned home from The Summer of Love these the drugs powerful eects, and advocated its use as a
styles and behaviors spread quickly from San Francisco method of raising consciousness. The personalities as-
and Berkeley to many US and Canadian cities and Eu- sociated with the subculture, gurus such as Dr. Tim-
ropean capitals. Some hippies formed communes to live othy Leary and psychedelic rock musicians such as the
as far outside of the established system as possible. This Grateful Dead, Jimi Hendrix, The Byrds, The 13th Floor
aspect of the counterculture rejected active political en- Elevators, Ultimate Spinach, Janis Joplin, Crosby, Stills
gagement with the mainstream and, following the dictate & Nash, The Doors, Blue Cheer, The Chambers Broth-
of Timothy Leary to "Turn on, tune in, drop out", hoped
ers, Country Joe and the Fish, Big Brother and the Hold-
to change society by dropping out of it. Looking back on ing Company, Jeerson Airplane and The Beatles, soon
his own life (as a Harvard professor) prior to 1960, Leary
attracted a great deal of publicity, generating further in-
interpreted it to have been that of an anonymous insti- terest in LSD.
tutional employee who drove to work each morning in a
long line of commuter cars and drove home each night The popularization of LSD outside of the medical world
and drank martinis ... like several million middle-class, was hastened when individuals such as Ken Kesey par-
liberal, intellectual robots. ticipated in drug trials and liked what they saw. Tom
Wolfe wrote a widely read account of these early days
As members of the hippie movement grew older and of LSDs entrance into the non-academic world in his
moderated their lives and their views, and especially af- book The Electric Kool Aid Acid Test, which documented
ter US involvement in the Vietnam War ended in the the cross-country, acid-fueled voyage of Ken Kesey and
mid-1970s, the counterculture was largely absorbed by the Merry Pranksters on the psychedelic bus Furthur
the mainstream, leaving a lasting impact on philosophy, and the Pranksters later Acid Test LSD parties. In
morality, music, art, alternative health and diet, lifestyle 1965, Sandoz laboratories stopped its still legal shipments
and fashion. of LSD to the United States for research and psychi-
In addition to a new style of clothing, philosophy, art, mu- atric use, after a request from the US government con-
sic and various views on anti-war, and anti-establishment, cerned about its use. By April 1966, LSD use had be-
some hippies decided to turn away from modern soci- come so widespread that Time Magazine warned about
ety and re-settle on ranches, or communes. The very its dangers.[120] In December 1966, the exploitation lm
rst of communes in the United States was a 7-acre land Hallucination Generation was released.[121] This was fol-
in Southern Colorado, named Drop City. According to lowed by The Trip in 1967 and Psych-Out in 1968.
11.3. CULTURE AND LIFESTYLES 55
Psychedelic research and experimentation tinuing to swell.
As most research on psychedelics began in the 1940s Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters
and 50s, heavy experimentation made its eect in the
1960s during this era of change and movement. Re- Ken Kesey and his Merry Pranksters helped shape the de-
searchers were gaining acknowledgment and popularity veloping character of the 1960s counterculture when they
with their promotion of psychedelia. This really anchored embarked on a cross-country voyage during the summer
the change that counterculture instigators and followers of 1964 in a psychedelic school bus named Furthur.
began. Most research was conducted at top collegiate in- Beginning in 1959, Kesey had volunteered as a research
stitutes, such as Harvard University. subject for medical trials nanced by the CIAs MK UL-
Timothy Leary and his Harvard research team had hopes TRA project. These trials tested the eects of LSD,
for potential changes in society. Their research began psilocybin, mescaline, and other psychedelic drugs. Af-
with mushrooms (psilocybin) and was called the Harvard ter the medical trials, Kesey continued experimenting
Mushroom Project. The subjects for this research were on his own, and involved many close friends; collec-
convicts at the Concord Prison. After the research ses- tively they became known as The Merry Pranksters.
sions, Leary did a follow-up. He found that 75% of the The Pranksters visited Harvard LSD proponent Timothy
turned on prisoners who were released had stayed out of Leary at his Millbrook, New York retreat, and experi-
jail.[122] He believed he had solved the nations crime mentation with LSD and other psychedelic drugs, primar-
problem. But with many ocials skeptical, this break- ily as a means for internal reection and personal growth,
through was not promoted. became a constant during the Prankster trip.
Because of the personal experiences with these drugs The Pranksters created a direct link between the 1950s
Leary and his many outstanding colleagues, Aldous Hux- Beat Generation and the 1960s psychedelic scene; the bus
ley (the Doors of Perception) and Alan Watts (the Joyous was driven by Beat icon Neal Cassady, Beat poet Allen
Cosmology) believed that these were the mechanisms that Ginsberg was on board for a time, and they dropped in
could bring peace to not only the nation but the world. on Cassadys friend, Beat author Jack Kerouac - though
Peace in a time of war, their timing seemed to be per- Kerouac declined to participate in the Prankster scene.
fect. As their research continued the media followed After the Pranksters returned to California, they popu-
them and published their work and documented their be- larized the use of LSD at so-called "Acid Tests", which
havior, the trend of this counterculture drug experimen- initially were held at Keseys home in La Honda, Califor-
tation began.[123] nia, and then at many other West Coast venues.
Leary made attempts to bring more organized awareness
to people interested in the study of psychedelics. He con- Other psychedelics
fronted the Senate committee in Washington and rec-
ommended for colleges to authorize the conduction of Experimentation with LSD, peyote, psilocybin mush-
laboratory courses in psychedelics. He noted that these rooms, MDA, marijuana, and other psychedelic drugs be-
courses would end the indiscriminate use of LSD and came a major component of 1960s counterculture, inu-
would be the most popular and productive courses ever encing philosophy, art, music and styles of dress. Jim
oered.[124] Although these men were seeking an ulti- DeRogatis wrote that peyote, a small cactus contain-
mate enlightenment, reality eventually proved that the po- ing the psychedelic alkaloid mescaline, was widely avail-
tential they thought was there could not be reached, at able in Austin, Texas, a countercultural hub, as early as
least in this time. The change they sought for the world 1961.[125]
had not been permitted by the political systems of all the
nations these men pursued their research in. Ram Dass
states, Tim and I actually had a chart on the wall about 11.3.3 Sexual revolution
how soon everyone would be enlightened.We found out
that real change is harder. We downplayed the fact that Main article: Sexual revolution
the psychedelic experience isn't for everyone.[122]
Leary and his teams research got shut down at Harvard The sexual revolution (also known as a time of "sexual
and everywhere they relocated around the globe. Their liberation") was a social movement that challenged
outlawish behavior and aggressive approach with these traditional codes of behavior related to sexuality and
drugs did not settle well with the law. Ocials did not interpersonal relationships throughout the Western world
agree with this chaotic promotion of peace. from the 1960s to the 1980s.[126] Sexual liberation in-
Research with psychedelic drugs and those who concluded increased acceptance of sex outside of tradi-
ducted it was a radical understanding for the vast majority tional heterosexual, monogamous relationships (primar-
of the world. However, it did create a change. A ripple ily marriage).[127] Contraception and the pill, public nu-
of curiosity was created as a result and the wave is con- dity, the normalization of premarital sex, homosexuality
and alternative forms of sexuality, and the legalization of The Situationist International was a restricted group of
abortion all followed.[128][129] international revolutionaries founded in 1957, and which
had its peak in its inuence on the unprecedented general
wildcat strikes of May 1968 in France. With their ideas
11.3.4 Alternative media rooted in Marxism and the 20th-century European artis-
tic avant-gardes, they advocated experiences of life being
Main article: Alternative media alternative to those admitted by the capitalist order, for
the fulllment of human primitive desires and the pur-
suing of a superior passional quality. For this purpose
Underground newspapers sprang up in most cities and
they suggested and experimented with the construction of
college towns, serving to dene and communicate the
situations, namely the setting up of environments favor-
range of phenomena that dened the counterculture: rad-
able for the fulllment of such desires. Using methods
ical political opposition to "The Establishment", colorful
drawn from the arts, they developed a series of experi-
experimental (and often explicitly drug-inuenced) ap-
mental elds of study for the construction of such situa-
proaches to art, music and cinema, and uninhibited in-
tions, like unitary urbanism and psychogeography. They
dulgence in sex and drugs as a symbol of freedom. The
fought against the main obstacle on the fulllment of such
papers also often included comic strips, from which the
superior passional living, identied by them in advanced
underground comix were an outgrowth.
capitalism. Their theoretical work peaked on the highly
inuential book The Society of the Spectacle by Guy De-
bord. Debord argued in 1967 that spectacular features
11.3.5 Alternative disc sports (Frisbee) like mass media and advertising have a central role in an
advanced capitalist society, which is to show a fake reality
in order to mask the real capitalist degradation of human
life. Raoul Vaneigem wrote The Revolution of Everyday
Life which takes the eld of "everyday life" as the ground
upon which communication and participation can occur,
or, as is more commonly the case, be perverted and ab-
stracted into pseudo-forms.
Fluxus - a name taken from a Latin word meaning to
ow - is an international network of artists, composers
and designers noted for blending dierent artistic me-
dia and disciplines in the 1960s. They have been ac-
tive in Neo-Dada noise music, visual art, literature, urban
planning, architecture, and design. Fluxus is often de-
scribed as intermedia, a term coined by Fluxus artist
Dick Higgins in a famous 1966 essay. Fluxus encour-
aged a "do-it-yourself" aesthetic, and valued simplicity
Frisbee and alternative 1960s disc sports icon, Ken Westereld.
over complexity. Like Dada before it, Fluxus included a
strong current of anti-commercialism and an anti-art sen-
Main articles: Ken Westereld and Flying disc games sibility, disparaging the conventional market-driven art
world in favor of an artist-centered creative practice. As
As numbers of young people became alienated from so- Fluxus artist Robert Filliou wrote, however, Fluxus dif-
cial norms, they resisted and looked for alternatives. The fered from Dada in its richer set of aspirations, and the
forms of escape and resistance manifest in many ways positive social and communitarian aspirations of Fluxus
including social activism, alternative lifestyles, dress, far outweighed the anti-art tendency that also marked the
music and alternative recreational activities, including group.
that of throwing a Frisbee. From Hippies tossing the In the 1960s, the Dada-inuenced art group Black Mask
Frisbee at festivals and concerts to todays popular disc
declared that revolutionary art should be an integral part
sports.[130][131] Disc sports such as disc freestyle, double
of life, as in primitive society, and not an appendage
disc court, disc guts, disc ultimate and disc golf became
to wealth.[134] Black Mask disrupted cultural events in
this sports rst events.[132][133] New York by giving made up yers of art events to
the homeless with the lure of free drinks.[135] After, the
Motherfuckers grew out of a combination of Black Mask
11.3.6 Avant-garde art and anti-art and another group called Angry Arts. Up Against the
Wall Motherfuckers (often referred to as simply the
Main articles: Situationist International, Fluxus, Motherfuckers, or UAW/MF) was an anarchist anity
Happening and Up Against the Wall Motherfuckers group based in New York City.
11.3.7 Music ing this period that the highly anticipated album Smile was
to be released. However, the project collapsed and The
Main articles: Music history of the United States in the Beach Boys released a downgraded version called Smiley
1960s and 1960s in music Smile, which failed to make a big commercial impact but
The 60s were a leap in human consciousness. Mahatma was also highly inuential, most notably on The Who's
Pete Townshend.
The Beatles went on to become the most prominent
commercial exponents of the psychedelic revolution
(e.g., Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band
and Magical Mystery Tour) in the late 1960s.[146] In
the United States, bands that exemplied the coun-
terculture were becoming huge commercial and main-
stream successes. These included The Mamas & the
Papas (If You Can Believe Your Eyes and Ears), Big
Brother and the Holding Company (Cheap Thrills),
Jimi Hendrix (Are You Experienced), Jeerson Airplane
(Surrealistic Pillow), The Doors (The Doors) and Sly and
the Family Stone (Stand!).[147] Bands and other musi-
cians, such as the Grateful Dead, Neil Young (Canada),
A small part of the crowd of 400,000, after the rain, Woodstock, David Peel, Phil Ochs, The Fugs, Quicksilver Messen-
United States, August 1969 ger Service, John Sebastian, Melanie, The Velvet Un-
derground, Frank Zappa, Captain Beefheart, Santana,
Gandhi, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Che Guevara, CSNY, Country Joe and the Fish, and The Holy Modal
Mother Teresa, they led a revolution of conscience. the Rounders were considered key to the counterculture
Beatles, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix created revolution and movement.
evolution themes. The music was like Dal, with many
While the hippie scene was born in California,[148] an
colors and revolutionary ways. The youth of today must
edgier scene emerged in New York City[149] that put more
go there to nd themselves.
emphasis on avant-garde and art music. Bands such as
- Carlos Santana[136] The Velvet Underground came out of this underground
music scene, which was predominantly centered at Andy
During the early 1960s, Britains new wave of musicians Warhol's legendary Factory. The Velvet Underground
gained popularity and fame in the United States. Artists supplied the music for the Exploding Plastic Inevitable, a
such as the Beatles paved the way for their compatri- series of multimedia events staged by Warhol and his col-
ots to enter the US market.[137] The Beatles themselves laborators in 1966 and 1967. The Velvet Undergrounds
were inuenced by many artists, among them American lyrics were considered risqu for the era, since they dis-
singer/songwriter Bob Dylan, who was a lyrical inspira- cussed sexual fetishism, transgender identities, and the
tion as well as their introduction to marijuana.[138] Dylans use of drugs [150]
associated with Warhols Factory and its
early career as a protest singer had been inspired by artists superstars.
like Pete Seeger[139] and his hero Woody Guthrie.[140] Detroits MC5 also came out of the underground rock
Other folksingers, like Joan Baez and Peter, Paul and music scene of the late 1960s. They introduced a more
Mary, took the songs of the era to new audiences and aggressive evolution of garage rock which was often fused
public recognition.[141] with sociopolitical and countercultural lyrics of the era,
The music of the 1960s moved towards an electric, such as in the song Motor City Is Burning (a John
psychedelic version of rock, thanks largely to Bob Dylans Lee Hooker cover adapting the story of the Detroit Race
decision to play an electric guitar at the 1965 Newport Riot of 1943 to the Detroit riot of 1967). MC5 had ties
Folk Festival.[142] The newly popularized electric sound to radical leftist organizations such as "Up Against the
of rock was then built upon and molded into psychedelic Wall Motherfuckers" and John Sinclair's White Panther
rock by artists like The 13th Floor Elevators[143] and Party,[151] and MC5 performed a lengthy set before the
British bands Pink Floyd and the Beatles.[144] The Beach 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, where
Boys' 1966 album Pet Sounds also paved the way for later an infamous riot subsequently broke out between police
hippie acts, with Brian Wilson's writing interpreted as a and students protesting the Vietnam War and the recent
plea for love and understanding.[145] Pet Sounds served assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert
as a major source of inspiration for other contemporary Kennedy.[152] MC5, The Stooges and the aforementioned
acts, most notably directly inspiring the Beatles Sgt. Pep- Velvet Underground, are now seen as an inuence on the
pers Lonely Hearts Club Band. The single "Good Vibra- protopunk sound that would lead to punk rock and heavy
tions" soared to number one globally, completely chang- metal music in the late 1970s.[153]
ing the perception of what a record could be. It was dur-
The Doors performing for Danish television in 1968
utes emerged, such as Dylans "Like a Rolling Stone",

Arlo Guthrie's "Alices Restaurant", and Iron Buttery's
17-minute-long "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida..[142]
The Jimi Hendrix Experience performs for the Dutch television
show Fenklup in March 1967. The 1960s saw the protest song gain a sense of political
self-importance, with Phil Ochss "I Ain't Marching Any-
more" and Country Joe and the Fishs "I-Feel-Like-I'm-
Fixin'-to-Die-Rag" among the many anti-war anthems
Another hotbed of the 1960s counterculture was Austin, that were important to the era.[159]
Texas, with two of the eras legendary music venues-the
Vulcan Gas Company and the Armadillo World Head- Free jazz is an approach to jazz music that was rst de-
quarters-and musical talent like Janis Joplin, the 13th veloped in the 1950s and 1960s. Though the music pro-
Floor Elevators, Shivas Headband, the Conqueroo, and, duced by free jazz composers varied widely, the com-
later, Stevie Ray Vaughan. Austin was also home to mon feature was a dissatisfaction with the limitations of
a large New Left activist movement, one of the ear- bebop, hard bop, and modal jazz, which had developed
liest underground papers, The Rag, and cutting edge in the 1940s and 1950s. Each in their own way, free
graphic artists like Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers cre- jazz musicians attempted to alter, extend, or break down
ator Gilbert Shelton, underground comix pioneer Jack the conventions of jazz, often by discarding hitherto in-
Jackson (Jaxon), and surrealist armadillo artist Jim variable features of jazz, such as xed chord changes
Franklin.[154] or tempos. While usually considered experimental and
avant-garde, free jazz has also oppositely been conceived
The 1960s was also an era of rock festivals, which played as an attempt to return jazz to its primitive, often re-
an important role in spreading the counterculture across ligious roots, and emphasis on collective improvisation.
the US.[155] The Monterey Pop Festival, which launched Free jazz is strongly associated with the 1950s innova-
Jimi Hendrix's career in the US, was one of the rst tions of Ornette Coleman and Cecil Taylor and the later
of these festivals.[156] Britains 19681970 Isle of Wight works of saxophonist John Coltrane. Other important
Festivals drew big names such as The Who, The Doors, pioneers included Charles Mingus, Eric Dolphy, Albert
Joni Mitchell, Hendrix, Dylan, and others.[157] The 1969 Ayler, Archie Shepp, Joe Maneri and Sun Ra. Although
Woodstock Festival in New York state became a symbol today free jazz is the generally used term, many other
of the movement,[158] although the 1970 Isle of Wight terms were used to describe the loosely dened move-
Festival drew a larger crowd.[159] Some believe the era ment, including avant-garde, energy music and The
came to an abrupt end with the infamous Altamont Free New Thing. During its early and mid-60s heyday, much
Concert held by The Rolling Stones, in which heavy- free jazz was released by established labels such as Pres-
handed security from the Hells Angels resulted in the tige, Blue Note and Impulse, as well as independents such
stabbing of an audience member, apparently in self- as ESP Disk and BYG Actuel. Free improvisation or free
defense, as the show descended into chaos.[160] music is improvised music without any rules beyond the
As the psychedelic revolution progressed, lyrics grew logic or inclination of the musician(s) involved. The term
more complex, (such as Jeerson Airplane's "White Rab- can refer to both a technique (employed by any musi-
bit"[161] ). Long-playing albums enabled artists to make cian in any genre) and as a recognizable genre in its own
more in-depth statements than could be made in just a right. Free improvisation, as a genre of music, developed
single song (such as the Mothers of Invention's satirical in the U.S. and Europe in the mid to late 1960s, largely
Freak Out![162] ). Even the rules governing single songs as an outgrowth of free jazz and modern classical mu-
were stretched, and singles lasting longer than three min- sics. None of its primary exponents can be said to be
famous within mainstream; however, in experimental cir-

cles, a number of free musicians are well known, includ-
ing saxophonists Evan Parker, Anthony Braxton, Peter
Brtzmann and John Zorn, drummer Christian Lillinger,
trombonist George Lewis, guitarists Derek Bailey, Henry
Kaiser and Fred Frith and the improvising groups The Art
Ensemble of Chicago and AMM.
Allmusic Guide states that until around 1967, the worlds
of jazz and rock were nearly completely separate.[163]
The term, "jazz-rock" (or jazz/rock) is often used as
a synonym for the term "jazz fusion". However, some
make a distinction between the two terms. The Free Spir-
its have sometimes been cited as the earliest jazz-rock
band.[164] During the late 1960s, at the same time that
jazz musicians were experimenting with rock rhythms
and electric instruments, rock groups such as Cream and
the Grateful Dead were beginning to incorporate ele-
ments of jazz into their music by experimenting with
extended free-form improvisation. Other groups such
as Blood, Sweat & Tears directly borrowed harmonic,
melodic, rhythmic and instrumentational elements from
the jazz tradition.[165] The rock groups that drew on jazz
ideas (like Soft Machine, Colosseum, Caravan, Nucleus,
Chicago, Spirit and Frank Zappa) turned the blend of
the two styles with electric instruments.[166] Since rock
often emphasized directness and simplicity over vir-
tuosity, jazz-rock generally grew out of the most ar-
tistically ambitious rock subgenres of the late 1960s Poster for the hippie exploitation lm Psych-Out
and early 70s: psychedelia, progressive rock, and the
singer/songwriter movement.[167] Miles Davis' Bitches
Brew sessions, recorded in August 1969 and released the use, sex and wild psychedelic parties. Examples in-
following year, mostly abandoned jazzs usual swing beat clude The Love-ins, Psych-Out, The Trip, and Wild in
in favor of a rock-style backbeat anchored by electric bass the Streets. The musical play Hair shocked stage audi-
grooves. The recording "...mixed free jazz blowing by ences with full-frontal nudity. Dennis Hopper's Road
a large ensemble with electronic keyboards and guitar, Trip adventure Easy Rider (1969) became accepted as
plus a dense mix of percussion.[168] Davis also drew on one of the landmark lms of the era.[171][172] Medium
the rock inuence by playing his trumpet through elec- Cool portrayed the 1968 Democratic Convention along-
tronic eects and pedals. While the album gave Davis a side the 1968 Chicago police riots which has led to it
gold record, the use of electric instruments and rock beats being labeled as a fusion of cinema-vrit and politi-
created a great deal of consternation amongst some more cal radicalism.[173] One lm-studio attempt to cash in
conservative jazz critics. on the hippie trend was 1968s Psych-Out,[174] which is
in contrast to the lm version of Arlo Guthries Alices
Restaurant, which some say portrayed the generation as
11.3.8 Film doomed.[175] The music of the era was represented by
lms such as 1970s Woodstock, a documentary of the mu-
Main article: 1960s in lm sic festival.[176] (See also: List of lms related to the hippie
The counterculture was not only aected by cinema, but subculture)
was also instrumental in the provision of era-relevant con- In France the New Wave was a blanket term coined by
tent and talent for the lm industry. Bonnie and Clyde critics for a group of French lmmakers of the late 1950s
struck a chord with the youth as the alienation of the and 1960s, inuenced by Italian Neorealism and classical
young in the 1960s was comparable to the directors im- Hollywood cinema. Although never a formally organized
age of the 1930s.[169] Films of this time also focused movement, the New Wave lmmakers were linked by
on the changes happening in the world. A sign of this their self-conscious rejection of classical cinematic form
was the visibility that the hippie subculture gained in var- and their spirit of youthful iconoclasm and is an example
ious mainstream and underground media. Hippie ex- of European art cinema. Many also engaged in their work
ploitation lms are 1960s exploitation lms about the hip- with the social and political upheavals of the era, making
pie counterculture[170] with stereotypical situations asso- their radical experiments with editing, visual style and
ciated with the movement such as marijuana and LSD narrative part of a general break with the conservative
paradigm. The Left Bank, or Rive Gauche, group is a Some hippies embraced neo-paganism, especially Wicca.
contingent of lmmakers associated with the French New In his 1991 book, Hippies and American Values, Tim-
Wave, rst identied as such by Richard Roud.[177] The othy Miller described the hippie ethos as essentially a
corresponding right bank group is constituted of the religious movement whose goal was to transcend the
more famous and nancially successful New Wave direc- limitations of mainstream religious institutions. Like
tors associated with Cahiers du cinma (Claude Chabrol, many dissenting religions, the hippies were enormously
Franois Truaut, and Jean-Luc Godard).[177] Left Bank hostile to the religious institutions of the dominant cul-
directors include Chris Marker, Alain Resnais, and Agns ture, and they tried to nd new and adequate ways to do
Varda.[177] Roud described a distinctive fondness for a
the tasks the dominant religions failed to perform.[179]
kind of Bohemian life and an impatience with the con- In his seminal, contemporaneous work, The Hippie Trip,
formity of the Right Bank, a high degree of involvement
author Lewis Yablonsky notes that those who were most
in literature and the plastic arts, and a consequent inter- respected in hippie settings were the spiritual leaders, the
est in experimental lmmaking", as well as an identica-
so-called high priests who emerged during that era.[180]
tion with the political left.[177] Other lm new waves
from around the world associated with the 1960s are One such hippie high priest was San Francisco State
New German Cinema, Czechoslovak New Wave, Brazil- University Professor Stephen Gaskin. Beginning in 1966,
ian Cinema Novo and Japanese New Wave. During the Gaskins Monday Night Class eventually outgrew the
1960s, the term "art lm" began to be much more widely lecture hall, and attracted 1,500 hippie followers in an
used in the United States than in Europe. In the U.S., open discussion of spiritual values, drawing from Chris-
the term is often dened very broadly, to include foreign- tian, Buddhist, and Hindu teachings. In 1970 Gaskin
language (non-English) auteur lms, independent lms, founded a Tennessee community called The Farm, and
experimental lms, documentaries and short lms. In the he still lists his religion as Hippie.[181][182][183]
1960s art lm became a euphemism in the U.S. for racy
Italian and French B-movies. By the 1970s, the term was
used to describe sexually explicit European lms with
artistic structure such as the Swedish lm I Am Curi-
ous (Yellow). The 1960s was an important period in art
lm; the release of a number of groundbreaking lms giv-
ing rise to the European art cinema which had counter-
cultural traits in lmmakers such as Michelangelo Anto-
nioni, Federico Fellini, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Luis Buuel
and Bernardo Bertolucci.
11.3.9 Technology Recording Give Peace a Chance. Left to right: Rosemary Leary
(face not visible), Tommy Smothers (with back to camera), John
In his 1986 essay From Satori to Silicon Valley,[178] cul- Lennon, Timothy Leary, Yoko Ono, Judy Marcioni and Paul
tural historian Theodore Roszak pointed out that Apple Williams, June 1, 1969.
Computer emerged from within the West Coast counter-
culture. Roszak outlines the Apple computers develop- Timothy Leary was an American psychologist and writer,
ment, and the evolution of 'the two Steves (Steve Woz- known for his advocacy of psychedelic drugs. On
niak and Steve Jobs, the Apples developers) into busi- September 19, 1966, Leary founded the League for Spiri-
nessmen. Like them, many early computing and net- tual Discovery, a religion declaring LSD as its holy sacra-
working pioneers - after discovering LSD and roaming ment, in part as an unsuccessful attempt to maintain legal
the campuses of UC Berkeley, Stanford, and MIT in the status for the use of LSD and other psychedelics for the
late 1960s and early 1970s - would emerge from this caste religions adherents based on a freedom of religion ar-
of social mists to shape the modern world. gument. The Psychedelic Experience was the inspiration
for John Lennons song "Tomorrow Never Knows" in The
Beatles album Revolver.[184] He published a pamphlet in
11.3.10 Religion, spirituality and the oc- 1967 called Start Your Own Religion to encourage just
cult that (see below under writings) and was invited to at-
tend the January 14, 1967 Human Be-In a gathering of
Many hippies rejected mainstream organized religion in 30,000 hippies in San Franciscos Golden Gate Park In
favor of a more personal spiritual experience, often draw- speaking to the group, [185]
he coined the famous phrase "Turn
ing on indigenous and folk beliefs. If they adhered on, tune in, drop out".
to mainstream faiths, hippies were likely to embrace The Principia Discordia is the founding text of
Buddhism, Daoism, Hinduism, Unitarian Universalism Discordianism written by Greg Hill (Malaclypse
and the restorationist Christianity of the Jesus Movement. the Younger) and Kerry Wendell Thornley (Lord Omar
11.4. CRITICISM AND LEGACY 61
Khayyam Ravenhurst). It was originally published under and encountered more opposition from the establishment.
the title Principia Discordia or How The West Was It was the era of sex and drugs and rock'n'roll as Ian Drury
Lost in a limited edition of ve copies in 1965. The said. The countercultural explosion of the 1960s really
title, literally meaning Discordant Principles, is in only involved a few thousand people in the UK and per-
keeping with the tendency of Latin to prefer hypotactic haps ten times that in the USA largely because of op-
grammatical arrangements. In English, one would expect position to the Vietnam war, whereas in the Seventies the
the title to be Principles of Discord.[186] ideas had spread out across (sic) the world.[188]
The English magician Aleister Crowley became an inu- A Columbia University teaching unit on the counter-
ential icon to the new alternative spiritual movements of culture era notes: Although historians disagree over
the decade as well as for rock musicians. The Beatles in- the inuence of the counterculture on American poli-
cluded him as one of the many gures on the cover sleeve tics and society, most describe the counterculture in sim-
of their 1967 album Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club ilar terms. Virtually all authorsfor example, on the
Band while Jimmy Page, the guitarist and co-founder of right, Robert Bork in Slouching Toward Gomorrah: Mod-
1970s rock band Led Zeppelin was fascinated by Crow- ern Liberalism and American Decline (New York: Re-
ley, and owned some of his clothing, manuscripts and gan Books,1996) and, on the left, Todd Gitlin in The Six-
ritual objects, and during the 1970s bought Boleskine ties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage (New York: Bantam
House, which also appears in the bands movie The Song Books, 1987)characterize the counterculture as self-
Remains the Same. On the back cover of the Doors al- indulgent, childish, irrational, narcissistic, and even dan-
bum 13, Jim Morrison and the other members of the gerous. Even so, many liberal and leftist historians nd
Doors are shown posing with a bust of Aleister Crow- constructive elements in it, while those on the right tend
ley. Timothy Leary openly acknowledged the inspiration not to.[189]
of Crowley.[187]
11.4 Criticism and legacy
The plaque honoring the victims of the August 1970 Sterling Hall
bombing, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Screen legend John Wayne equated aspects of 1960s so-

cial programs with the rise of the welfare state, "I know
all about that. In the late Twenties, when I was a sopho-
A small segment of the Wall at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial
more at USC, I was a socialist myselfbut not when I
listing the names of the nearly 60,000 American war dead.
left. The average college kid idealistically wishes every-
body could have ice cream and cake for every meal. But
The lasting impact, including unintended consequences, as he gets older and gives more thought to his and his fel-
creative output and general legacy of the counterculture low mans responsibilities, he nds that it can't work out
era continue to be actively discussed, debated, despised that waythat some people just won't carry their load
and celebrated. ... I believe in welfarea welfare work program. I don't
Even the notions of when the counterculture subsumed think a fella should be able to sit on his backside and re-
the Beat Generation, when it gave way to the succes- ceive welfare. I'd like to know why well-educated idiots
sor generation, and what happened in between are open keep apologizing for lazy and complaining people who
for debate. According to notable UK Underground and think the world owes them a living. I'd like to know why
counterculture author Barry Miles, It seemed to me that they make excuses for cowards who spit in the faces of
the Seventies was when most of the things that people the police and then run behind the judicial sob sisters. I
attribute to the sixties really happened: this was the age can't understand these people who carry placards to save
of extremes, people took more drugs, had longer hair, the life of some criminal, yet have no thought for the in-
weirder clothes, had more sex, protested more violently nocent victim.[190]
Former liberal democrat Ronald Reagan, who later be- nik and then became a hippie and then became a cyber-
came a conservative Governor of California and 40th punk. And now I'm still a member of the countercul-
President of the US, remarked about one group of ture, but I don't know what to call that. And I'd been
protesters carrying signs, The last bunch of pickets inclined to think that that was a good thing, because once
were carrying signs that said 'Make love, not war.' the counterculture in America gets a name then the media
The only trouble was they didn't look capable of doing can coopt it, and the advertising industry can turn it into
either.[191][192] a marketing foil. But you know, right now I'm not sure
The generation gap between the auent young and that it is a good thing, because we don't have any ag to
rally around. Without a name there may be no coherent
their often poverty-scarred parents was a critical com- [198]
ponent of 1960s culture. In an interview with journal- movement.
ist Gloria Steinem during the 1968 US presidential cam- Free Speech advocate and social anthropologist Jentri
paign, soon-to-be First Lady Pat Nixon exposed the gen- Anders observed that a number of freedoms were en-
erational chasm in worldview between Steinem, 20 years dorsed within a countercultural community in which she
her junior, and herself after Steinen probed Mrs. Nixon lived and studied: freedom to explore ones potential,
as to her youth, role models, and lifestyle. A hardscrabble freedom to create ones Self, freedom of personal expres-
child of the Great Depression, Pat Nixon told Steinem, sion, freedom from scheduling, freedom from rigidly de-
I never had time to think about things like that, who I ned roles and hierarchical statuses... Additionally, An-
wanted to be, or who I admired, or to have ideas. I never ders believed some in the counterculture wished to mod-
had time to dream about being anyone else. I had to work. ify childrens education so that it didn't discourage, but
I haven't just sat back and thought of myself or my ideas rather encouraged, aesthetic sense, love of nature, pas-
or what I wanted to do...I've kept working. I don't have sion for music, desire for reection, or strongly marked
time to worry about who I admire or who I identify with. independence.[199][200]
I never had it easy. I'm not at all like you...all those people In 2007, Merry Prankster Carolyn Mountain Girl Gar-
who had it easy.[193] cia commented, I see remnants of that movement ev-
In economic terms, it has been contended that the coun- erywhere. Its sort of like the nuts in Ben and Jerrys ice
terculture really only amounted to creating new marketing cream -- its so thoroughly mixed in, we sort of expect it.
segments for the hip crowd.[194] The nice thing is that eccentricity is no longer so foreign.
We've embraced diversity in a lot of ways in this country.
Even before the counterculture movement reached its [201]
peak of inuence, the concept of the adoption of socially- I do think its done us a tremendous service.
responsible policies by establishment corporations was
discussed by economist and Nobel laureate Milton Fried-
man (1962), Few trends could so thoroughly undermine 11.5 Key gures
the very foundation of our free society as the acceptance
by corporate ocials of a social responsibility other than The following people are well known for their involve-
to make as much money for their stockholders as possi- ment in 1960s era counterculture. Some are key inciden-
ble. This is a fundamentally subversive doctrine. If busi- tal or contextual gures, such as Beat Generation gures
nessmen do have a social responsibility other than making who also participated directly in the later counterculture
maximum prots for stockholders, how are they to know era. The primary area(s) of each gures notability are in-
what it is? Can self-selected private individuals decide dicated, per these gures Wikipedia pages. This section
what the social interest is?"[195] is not intended be exhaustive, but rather a representative
In the UK, commentator Peter Hitchens identies the cross section of individuals active within the larger move-
counterculture as one of the contributing factors to what ment. Although many of the people listed are known for
he sees as the current malaise in British politics.[196] civil rights activism, some gures whose primary notabil-
ity was within the realm of the civil rights movement are
In 2003, author and former Free Speech activist Greil listed elsewhere. (see also: List of civil rights leaders;
Marcus was quoted, What happened four decades ago is Key gures of the New Left).
history. Its not just a blip in the history of trends. Who-
ever shows up at a march against war in Iraq, it always
takes place with a memory of the ecacy and joy and Muhammad Ali (athlete, conscientious objector)
gratication of similar protests that took place in years
Saul Alinsky (author, activist)
beforeIt doesn't matter that there is no counterculture,
because counterculture of the past gives people a sense Bill Ayers (activist, professor)
that their own dierence matters.[197]
Joan Baez (musician, activist)
When asked about the prospects of the counterculture
movement moving forward in the digital age, former Sonny Barger (Hells Angel)
Grateful Dead lyricist and self-styled cyberlibertarian
John Perry Barlow said, I started out as a teenage beat- Walter Bowart (newspaper publisher)
11.5. KEY FIGURES 63
Stewart Brand (environmentalist, author) Abbie Homan (Yippie, author)

Lenny Bruce (comedian, social critic) Dennis Hopper (actor, director)
William S. Burroughs (author) Jack Kerouac (author, early counterculture critic)
George Carlin (comedian, social critic) Ken Kesey (author, Merry Prankster)
Rachel Carson (author, environmentalist) Paul Krassner (author)
Neal Cassady (Merry Prankster, literary inspiration) William Kunstler (attorney, activist)
Cheech & Chong (comedians, social critics) Timothy Leary (professor, LSD advocate)
Peter Coyote (Digger, actor) John Lennon & Yoko Ono (musicians, artists, ac-
tivists)
David Crosby (musician)
Robert Crumb (underground comix artist) Eugene McCarthy (anti-war politician)
David Dellinger (pacist, activist) Michael McClure (poet)
Angela Davis (communist, activist) Barry Miles (author, impresario)
Rennie Davis (activist, community organizer) Madalyn Murray O'Hair (atheist, activist)
Emile de Antonio (documentary lmmaker) Jim Morrison (singer, songwriter, poet)
Bernardine Dohrn (activist) Ralph Nader (consumer advocate, author)
Bob Dylan (musician) Graham Nash (musician, activist)
Daniel Ellsberg (whistleblower) Jack Nicholson (screenwriter, actor)
Bob Fass (radio host) Phil Ochs (protest/topical singer)
Betty Friedan (feminist, author) Richard Pryor (comedian, social critic)
Jane Fonda (actress, activist) Jerry Rubin (Yippie, activist)
Peter Fonda (actor, activist) Mark Rudd (activist)
Jerry Garcia (musician) Ed Sanders (musician, activist)
Stephen Gaskin (author, activist, hippie) Mario Savio (free speech/student rights activist)
Allen Ginsberg (beat poet, activist) John Searle (professor, free speech advocate)
Dick Gregory (comedian, social critic, author, ac- Pete Seeger (musician, activist)
tivist)
John Sinclair (poet, activist)
Paul Goodman (novelist, playwright, poet)
Gary Snyder (poet, writer, environmentalist)
Wavy Gravy (hippie, activist)
Smothers Brothers (musicians, TV performers, ac-
Bill Graham (concert promoter) tivists)
Che Guevara (Marxist guerilla, revolutionary sym- Owsley Stanley (drug culture chemist)
bol)
Gloria Steinem (feminist, publisher)
Alan Haber (activist)
Hunter S. Thompson (journalist, author)
Tom Hayden (activist, politician)
Kurt Vonnegut (author, pacist, humanist)
Hugh Hefner (publisher)
Andy Warhol (artist)
Chet Helms (music manager, concert/event pro-
moter) Leonard Weinglass (attorney)
Jimi Hendrix (musician) Alan Watts (philosopher)

11.6 See also [12] Anderson, Terry H. The Movement and the Sixties. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Timeline of 1960s counterculture
[13] Corera, Gordon (August 5, 2009). How vital were Cold
Freak scene War spies?". BBC (UK: BBC). The world of espionage
lies at the heart of the mythology of the Cold War.
Mod (subculture)
[14] Early Cold War Spies: The Espionage Trials That Shaped
War on Drugs American Politics. June 8, 2007. Archived from the
original on June 8, 2007. This is a review of the book
of same name by John Ehrman, a winner of Studies in In-
telligence Annual awards. At pub date, Ehrman was an
11.7 References ocer in the CIAs Directorate of Intelligence
[1] Liungman, Carl (1991). Dictionary of Symbols. Santa [15] Port Huron Statement of the Students for a Democratic
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[2] Westcott, Kathryn (March 20, 2008). Worlds best-
known protest symbol turns 50. bbc.co.uk. BBC. Re- [16] Kessler, Glenn. Presidential deceptions and their con-
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U.S. in the 1960s and aected Europe before fading in 04195-4
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[73] Zolov, Eric (1999). Refried Elvis: The Rise of the Mexican
[56] Kifner, John (April 28, 2008). Columbias Radicals of Counterculture. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of
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[74] Carmen Bernand, D'une rive l'autre , Nuevo Mundo
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11.7. REFERENCES 67
[77] Free Speech Movement Archives Home Page - events After the Stonewall Rebellion, the New York Gay Liber-
from 1964 and beyond. FSM-A. Retrieved June 9, 2009. ation Front based their organization in part on a reading
of Murray Bookchin's anarchist writings. Anarchism
[78] Herbert Marcuse (October 14, 2004). The New Left and by Charley Shively in Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. pg.
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[89] Within the movements of the sixties there was much
[79] Dimitri Almeida (April 27, 2012). The Impact of Euro-
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the movements of the thirties ... But the movements of
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136-34039-0.
patible with an expressive style of politics, with hostility to
[80] Tom Buchanan (January 30, 2012). Europes Troubled authority in general and state power in particular ... By the
Peace: 1945 to the Present. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 102. late sixties, political protest was intertwined with cultural
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archies of power. Anarchism circulated within the move-
[81] During the 1960s, Marcuse achieved world renown as ment along with other radical ideologies. The inuence of
the guru of the New Left, publishing many articles and anarchism was strongest among radical feminists, in the
giving lectures and advice to student radicals all over the commune movement, and probably in the Weather Un-
world. He travelled widely and his work was often dis- derground and elsewhere in the violent fringe of the anti-
cussed in the mass media, becoming one of the few Amer- war movement. Anarchism and the Anti-Globalization
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dering his revolutionary vision and commitments, Mar-
cuse continued to his death to defend the Marxian the- [90] Los anarco-individualistas, G.I.A ... Una escisin de la
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Herbert odujo cuando un sector de anarquistas de tendencia hu-
manista rechazan la interpretacin que ellos juzgan dis-
[82] Douglas Kellner Herbert arcuse ciplinaria del pacto asociativo clsico, y crean los GIA
(Gruppi di Iniziativa Anarchica) . Esta pequea fed-
[83] Robin Hahnel, Economic Justice and Democracy: From
eracin de grupos, hoy nutrida sobre todo de veteranos
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[85] Thomas 1985, p. 4 es L'Internazionale con sede en Ancona. La escisin de los
GIA preguraba, en sentido contrario, el gran debate que
[86] John Patten (October 28, 1968). ""These groups had pronto haba de comenzar en el seno del movimientoEl
their roots in the anarchist resurgence of the nineteen movimiento libertario en Italia by Bicicleta. REVISTA
sixties. Young militants nding their way to anarchism, DE COMUNICACIONES LIBERTARIAS Year 1 No.
often from the anti-bomb and anti-Vietnam war move- Noviembre, 1 1977
ments, linked up with an earlier generation of activists,
largely outside the ossied structures of 'ocial' anar- [91] London Federation of Anarchists involvement in Carrara
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bombings like those of the First of May Group and An-
gry Brigade and a spree of publishing activity.""Islands [92] Short history of the IAF-IFA A-infos news project, Ac-
of Anarchy: Simian, Cienfuegos, Refract and their sup- cessed January 19, 2010
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explains that their pacism, anarchism, and commitment [94] Lytle 2006, pp. 213, 215.
to the downtrodden were one of the important models and
inspirations for the 60s. As Farrell puts it, 'Catholic Work- [95] Overview: who were (are) the Diggers?". The Digger
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[88] While not always formally recognized, much of the
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widespread that a political science professor denounced
what she saw as 'The Tyranny of Structurelessness.' Sev- [98] Abbie Homan, Soon to be a Major Motion Picture, page
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[99] Gitlin, Todd (1993). The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of [119] Berger, B. (1981). The Survival of a Counterculture: Ide-
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[100] 1969: Height of the Hippies - ABC News. Abc-
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[101] Why I'm back to ban the bomb. BBC News. April 11,
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[102] 1960: Thousands protest against H-bomb. BBC News. [122] Lattin, Don. The Harvard Psychedelic Club: How Tim-
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pus. New York: Dell Pub., 1966. Print.
[105] Robert Benford. The Anti-nuclear Movement (book re-
view) American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 89, No. 6, [125] J. DeRogatis, Turn On Your Mind: Four Decades of Great
(May 1984), pp. 14561458. Psychedelic Rock (Milwaukie, MI: Hal Leonard, 2003),
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[106] James J. MacKenzie. Review of The Nuclear Power Con-
troversy by Arthur W. Murphy The Quarterly Review of [126] Allyn, 2000.
Biology, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec. 1977), pp. 467468.
[127] Escoer, 2003.
[107] Walker, J. Samuel (2004). Three Mile Island: A Nuclear
[128] Germaine Greer and The Female Eunuch
Crisis in Historical Perspective (Berkeley: University of
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[108] Jim Falk (1982). Global Fission: The Battle Over Nuclear
Power, Oxford University Press. [130] Gavin, Tristan (September 19, 2013). Frisbee Don't Sell
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[109] Jerry Brown and Rinaldo Brutoco (1997). Proles in
Power: The Anti-nuclear Movement and the Dawn of the [131] Jordan Holtzman-Conston (2010). Countercultural Sports
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[110] Woo, Elaine (January 30, 2011). Dagmar Wilson dies at
94; organizer of womens disarmament protesters. Los [132] World Flying Disc Federation. WFDF Ocial Website.
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[111] Hevesi, Dennis (January 23, 2011). Dagmar Wilson, [133] World Flying Disc Federation. History of the Flying
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[112] Wolfgang Rudig (1990). Anti-nuclear Movements: A [134] Hinderer, Eve. Ben Morea: art and anarchism
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p. 5455. [135] Stewart Home. The Assault on Culture: Utopian cur-
rents from Lettrisme to Class War. Introduction to the
[113] Garb, Paula (1999). Review of Critical Masses. Journal Lithuanian edition. (Ist edition Aporia Press and Unpopu-
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the sixties Black Mask disrupted reied cultural events in
[114] Wolfgang Rudig (1990). Anti-nuclear Movements: A New York by making up yers giving the dates, times and
World Survey of Opposition to Nuclear Energy, Longman, location of art events and giving these out to the home-
p. 52. less with the lure of the free drink that was on oer to the
[115] Stephen Mills and Roger Williams (1986). Public Accep- bourgeoisie rather than the lumpen proletariat; I reused
tance of New Technologies Routledge, pp. 375376. the ruse just as eectively in London in the 1990s to dis-
rupt literary events.
[116] Jim Falk (1982). Global Fission: The Battle Over Nuclear
Power, Oxford University Press, pp. 9596. [136] Carlos Santana: I'm Immortal interview by Punto Digital,
October 13, 2010
[117] Martin A. Lee, Acid Dreams The CIA, LSD, and the Six-
ties Rebellion, Grove Press 1985, Pgs. 157163 ISBN [137] R. Shuker, 1998, p. 34
978-0-394-62081-7 [138] P. Brown and S. Gaines, 1984, p. 134
[118] Matthews, M. (2010) Droppers: Americas First Hippie [139] J. Cott, 2007, p. 376
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[141] A. J. Matusow, 1984, p. 295 [171] P. Biskind, 1999, P74
[142] H. Sounes, 2002, p. 218 [172] Edge, Simon (October 23, 2013). Jack Nicholson the
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[145] J. Derogatis, 1996, p. 19 [174] J. Pym, 2002, P932
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[176] P. Biskind, 1999, P150
[147] M. C. Strong, 2002
[177] The Left Bank Revisited: Marker, Resnais, Varda, Har-
[148] Shuker, 1998, p. 72 vard Film Archive, Access date: August 16, 2008.
[149] B. Longhurst, 1995, p. 108 [178] From Satori to Silicon Valley - Roszak, Stanford
[150] Derogatis, 1996, p. 44 [179] Miller, Timothy (1991). Hippies and American Val-
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[151] Dogget, 2007, p. 117 9780870496943. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
[152] D. Snowman, 1978, p. 155 [180] The Hippie Trip, Lewis Yablonsky, p. 298
[153] Shuker, 1998, p. 237 [181] Communal Religions. Thefarm.org. October 6, 1966.
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[154] Jim DeRogatis, Turn On Your Mind: Four Decades of
Great Psychedelic Rock (Milwaukie, MI: Hal Leonard, [182] New Book Tells Inside Story Of Biggest Hippie Com-
2003), ISBN 0-634-05548-8. mune In U.S. - Toke of the Town - cannabis news, views,
rumor and humor. Toke of the Town. December 23,
[155] Mankin, Bill (March 4, 2012). We Can All Join In: How 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
Rock Festivals Helped Change America. Like the Dew:
A Journal of Southern Culture and Politics. Retrieved [183] Stephen Gaskin. Monday Night Class. Amazon.com.
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[156] Derogatis, 1996, p. 95 [184] Sante, Luc (June 26, 2006). The Nutty Professor. The
New York Times Book Review. Retrieved July 12, 2008.
[157] Sounes, 2002, p. 296
[185] Greeneld, Robert (2006). Timothy Leary: A Biography.
[158] Kilgannon, Corey (March 17, 2009). 3 Days of Peace Books.google.co.uk. ISBN 9780151005000. Retrieved
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[159] Dogget, 2007, p. 58 [186] Frauenfelder, Mark (November 1, 2006). Publisher al-
ters, then copyrights Principia Discordia. Boing Boing.
[160] Matusow, 1986, p. 305
[187] Timothy Leary: I carried on Aleister Crowleys work
[161] Matusow, 1986, p. 297
[188] Miles, Barry. In the Seventies: Adventures in the Coun-
[162] Strong, 1997, p. 317
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[163] http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d299 rymiles.co.uk. Barry Miles. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
[164] Unterberger 1998, pg. 329 [189] George, Jason (2004). The Legacy of the Countercul-
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[165] The Jazz/Rock Fusion Page:a site is dedicated to Jazz May 23, 2014.
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[191] Rather, Dan; Vries, Lloyd (June 7, 2004). Text & Video:
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[192] Jarecki, Eugene (2011). American Idol - Reagan.
[169] M. A. Jackson and J. E. O'Connor, 1980, P237 YouTube. BBC Four. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
[170] Mondo Mod Worlds Of Hippie Revolt (And Other [193] Halberstam, David (1993). The Fifties (First ed.). New
Weirdness)". Thesocietyofthespectacle.com. April 5, York: Random House/Villard. p. 324. ISBN 0-679-
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[194] The selling of the counterculture (Book Review: The Roberts, Sam (September 21, 2008). "A Spy Con-
Rebel Sell)". economist.com. The Economist Newspaper fesses, and Still Some Weep for the Rosenbergs". New
Limited. May 6, 2005. Retrieved May 23, 2014. York Times.
[195] Silk, Leonard; Silk, Mark (1980). The American Estab- Weber, Bruce (March 24, 2011). "Leonard I. Wein-
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00134-3. the Notorious". New York Times.
[196] Hitchens, Peter (2009). The Broken Compass: How British Perrone, James E. (2004). Music of the Countercul-
Politics Lost its Way. Continuum International Publishing
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Group Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84706-405-9. - see conclusion,
313-32689-4.
'The Broken Compass
Miller, Richard J. (2013). "Timothy Learys liber-
[197] Leland, John (March 23, 2003). A Movement, Yes, but
No Counterculture. nytimes.com. The New York Times
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Co. Retrieved May 22, 2014. psychedelic history (Excerpt)". Salon.com.
[198] Dickinson, Tim (February 14, 2003). Cognitive Dissi- Weekes, Julia Ann (October 31, 2008). "Warhols
dent: John Perry Barlow. utne.com. Mother Jones via Pop Politics". Smithsonian Magazine.
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Rasmussen, Cecilia (August 5, 2007). Closing of
[199] Jentri Anders, Beyond Counterculture, Washington State club ignited the 'Sunset Strip riots". Los Angeles
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ISBN 978-0-87422-060-5
Kitchell, Mark, Berkeley in the Sixties (1990 Film
[200] Kitchell, 1990 Documentary), Libra Films
[201] Selvin, Joel (May 23, 2007). SUMMER OF LOVE: 40

YEARS LATER. sfgate.com. San Francisco Chroni-
cle/Hearst. Retrieved May 23, 2014. 11.9 External links
Lisa Law Photographic Exhibition at Smithsonian
Institution (with commentary)
11.8 Additional sources
John Hoyland, Power to the People, The Guardian,
Jackson, Rebecca. The 1960s: A Bibliography. 15 March 2008
Iowa State University Library.
1960s archive with photographs of be-ins and
Lemke-Santangelo, Gretchen (2009). Daughters of protests
Aquarius: Women of the Sixties Counterculture. Uni-
The 1960s: Years that Shaped a Generation
versity Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-1633-6.
Online archive of underground publications from the
Reich, Charles A. (1995) [1970]. The Greening of 1960s counterculture
America (25th anniversary ed.). Three Rivers Press.
ISBN 978-0-517-88636-6. Scott Stephenson (2014) LSD and the American
Counterculture, Burgmann Journal, (PDF)
Roche, Nancy McGuire, The Spectacle of Gender:
Representations of Women in British and Ameri-
can Cinema of the Nineteen-Sixties (PhD disser-
tation. Middle Tennessee State University, 2011).
DA3464539.
Roszak, Theodore (1968). The Making of a Counter

Culture. University of California.
Street, Joe, Dirty Harrys San Francisco, The Six-

ties: A Journal of History, Politics, and Culture, 5
(June 2012), 121.
American Experience: Primary Resources: Truth

about Indochina, 1954. PBS.
Shribman, David (November 9, 2013). If JFK had

lived. Pittsburg Post-Gazette.
Chapter 12
Greatest Generation
For other uses, see Greatest Generation (disambiguation). came of age during the Great Depression and fought
World War II.
"The Greatest Generation" is a term made popular by The Greatest Generation Speaks by Tom Brokaw
journalist Tom Brokaw to describe the generation who (1999) ISBN 0-375-50394-3 (hardback) ISBN 0-
grew up in the United States during the deprivation of the 385-33538-5 (paperback)
Great Depression, and then went on to ght in World War
II, as well as those whose productivity within the wars The Great Boom 19502000: How a Generation of
home front made a decisive material contribution to the Americans Created the Worlds Most Prosperous So-
war eort, for which the generation is also termed the G.I. ciety by Robert Sobel (2000) ISBN 0-312-20890-1
Generation.
Generations: The History of Americas Future, 1584
to 2069 by Strauss and Howe (1991) ISBN 0-688-
11912-3
12.1 The Greatest Generation
The term The Greatest Generation is the title of Tom 12.5 External links
Brokaws 1998 book proling members of this genera-
tion, stemming from his attendance at the D-day 40th an-
Booknotes interview with Tom Brokaw on The
niversary celebrations. In the book, Brokaw wrote, it is,
Greatest Generation, March 7, 1999.
I believe, the greatest generation any society has ever pro-
duced. He argued that these men and women fought not Amazon.coms book reviews and description
for fame and recognition, but because it was the right
thing to do.[1] OnTheIssues.orgs book review and excerpts
One last time they gather, the Greatest Generation]

12.2 See also
Military history of the United States during World
War II
United States home front during World War II
List of generations
12.3 Notes
[1] The greatest generation - Tom Brokaw - Google Boeken.
Books.google.com. Retrieved 2013-12-16.
12.4 References
The Greatest Generation by Tom Brokaw (1998)
ISBN 0-375-50202-5 (hardback) ISBN 0-385-
33462-1 (paperback), depicts the Americans who
71
Chapter 13
PostWorld War II baby boom
The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many 32.0
31.0
countries, especially Western ones. There is some dis- 30.0
29.0
agreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates 28.0
27.0
of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed 26.0
25.0
to begin in the years immediately after the war, end- 24.0
23.0
ing more than a decade later; birth rates in the United 22.0
21.0
States started to decline after 1957. In countries that had 20.0
19.0
suered heavy war damage, displacement of people and 18.0
17.0
post-war economic hardship, such as Germany and neigh- 16.0
15.0
boring Poland, the boom began some years later. 14.0
13.0
12.0
In May 1951, Sylvia Porter, a columnist for the New York 11.0
10.0
Post, used the term boom to refer to the phenomenon 1909 1919 1929 1939 1949 1959 1969 1979 1989 1999 2009
of increased births in post war America.
United States birth rate (births per 1000 population).[2] The

United States Census Bureau denes the demographic birth boom
13.1 In the United States as between mid-1946 and mid-1964[3] (red).
Leading-edge Baby boomers are now late middle age and

As can be seen by the birth rate chart, the birth boom
entering senior years. In the economy, many are now re-
of the postWorld War II period is, in a way, as much
tiring and leaving the labor force.
or more dened by the birth dearths that preceded and
In 1946, live births in the U.S. surged from 222,721 in followed it, than by any exceptionally high fertility rate.
January to 339,499 in October. By the end of the 1940s, Comparing birth rates from 1946 to 1964 with the rates,
about 32 million babies had been born, compared with 24 say, prior to World War I, the postWorld War II rates are
million in the 1930s. In 1954, annual births rst topped much lower, though they are high in comparison to the
four million and did not drop below that gure until 1965, time periods immediately preceding and following 1946
when four out of ten Americans were under the age of - 1964.
20.[1]
The exact beginning and end of the baby boom can be
In the years after the war, couples who could not aord debated. In the United States, demographers usually use
families during the Great Depression made up for lost mid-1946 to mid-1964,[3] although the U.S. birthrate be-
time; the mood was now optimistic. During the war, un- gan to shoot up in 1941 and to decline after 1957. By
employment ended and the economy greatly expanded; 1958, the US population increase was back to the pre-
afterwards the country experienced vigorous economic Depression increase rate of about 1.5% per year. Some
growth until the 1970s. The G.I. Bill enabled record num- sources place the beginning as early as 1944.[4] The fol-
bers of people to nish high school and attend college. lowing table shows changes in US population during the
This led to an increase in stock of skills and yielded higher period of US involvement in World War II and for the
incomes to families. ve years thereafter, based on US census information.[5]
13.1.1 Denition of the boom years 13.1.2 Historical and social background
It is important to distinguish between the demographic When the war ended in 1945, millions of veterans re-
boom in births, and the actual generations born during turned home and were forced to re-integrate into civilian
that period. life. To help this process, Congress passed the G.I. Bill
72
13.2. IN CANADA 73
of Rights. This bill encouraged home ownership and in- 13.1.5 Easterlin models
vestment in higher education through the distribution of
loans at low or no interest rates to veterans. Economist and demographer Richard Easterlin in his
Returning veterans married, started families, pursued Twentieth Century American Population Growth
higher education, and bought their rst homes. With vet- (2000), explains the growth pattern of American popu-
erans benets, the twenty-somethings found new homes lation in the 20th century by examining the fertility rate
in planned communities on the outskirts of American uctuations and the decreasing mortality rate. Easterlin
cities. This group, whose formative years covered the attempts to prove the cause of the baby boom and baby
Great Depression, was a generation hardened by poverty bust by the relative income theory, despite the various
and deprived of the security of a home or job. Now other theories that these events have been attributed to.
thriving on the American Dream, life was simple, jobs The relative income theory suggests that couples choose
were plentiful, and a record number of babies were born. to have children based on a couples ratio of potential
Many Americans believed that lack of post-war govern- earning power and the desire to obtain material objects.
ment spending would send the United States back into de- This ratio depends on the economic stability of the coun-
pression. However, consumer demand fueled economic try and how people are raised to value material objects.
growth. The baby boom triggered a housing boom, con- The relative income theory explains the baby boom by
sumption boom and a boom in the labor force. Between suggesting that the late 1940s and the 1950s brought low
1940 and 1960, the nations GDP jumped more than desires to have material objects, because of the Great De-
$300 million. The middle class grew and the majority pression and World War II, as well as plentiful job oppor-
of Americas labor force held white-collar jobs. This in- tunities (being a post-war period). These two factors gave
crease led to urbanization and increased the demand for rise to a high relative income, which encouraged high fer-
ownership in cars and other 1950s and 1960s inventions. tility. Following this period, the next generation had a
greater desire for material objects, however an economic
In the United States more babies were born during the slowdown in the United States made jobs harder to ac-
seven years after 1948 than the previous 30, causing a quire. This resulted in lower fertility rates causing the
shortage of teenage babysitters. Madison, New Jersey, Baby Bust.[9]
for example, only had 50 high-school girls to babysit for
a town of 8,000, and any sitter could have had two sit-
ting jobs at once if desired. $5 of the $7 that a Califor-
nia couple spent to go to the movies in 1950 went to the 13.2 In Canada
babysitter.[6]
In Canada, the baby boom is usually dened as occurring
from 1947 to 1966, with over 400,000 babies born yearly.
Canadian soldiers were repatriated later than American
13.1.3 Marriage rates servicemen, and Canadas birthrate did not start to rise
until 1947. Most Canadian demographers prefer to use
Marriage rates rose sharply in the 1940s and reached all- the later date of 1966 as the booms end year in that
time highs. After World War II, Americans began to country. The later end than the US (baby-boom gen-
marry at a younger age: the average age of a person at eration: babies born from 1946 to 1964; see preceding
their rst marriage dropped to 22.5 years for males and paragraphs) is ascribed to a later adoption of birth con-
20.1 for females, down from 24.3 for males and 21.5 trol pills.[10][11]
for females in 1940.[7] Getting married immediately af-
ter high school was becoming commonplace and women
were increasingly under tremendous pressure to marry by
the age of 20. The stereotype developed that women were 13.3 In Australia
going to college to earn their M.R.S. (Mrs.) degree.[8]
Bernard Salt places the Australian baby boom between
1946 and 1961.[12][13]
13.1.4 Family sizes
Family size increased sharply throughout the baby boom: 13.4 In the United Kingdom
the average woman bore 3.09 children in 1950 which in-
creased to 3.65 children per family in 1960; the peak was After a short baby boom immediately after the war peak-
in 1957, when the gure stood at 3.77. Most couples being in 1946, the United Kingdom experienced a second
came pregnant with their rst child within seven months baby boom during the 1960s, with a peak in births in
of their wedding; between 1940 to 1960, the number of 1964, and a third, smaller boom peaking in 1990. The
families with three children doubled and the number of three peaks can clearly be seen in the UK Population
families having a fourth child quadrupled. Pyramid.[14][15]
74 CHAPTER 13. POSTWORLD WAR II BABY BOOM
13.5 European and South-Pacic In some of these examples, an echo boom followed
some time after as the ospring of the initial boom gave
trends rise to a second increase, with a baby bust in between.
The birth years of the baby boom as noted being both
Many European countries, Australia and New Zealand short and long lived, creates what many believe to be
also experienced a baby boom. In some cases the total a myth to the notion of dening baby boomers as one
fertility rate almost doubled. The American birth model, generation, as a unied concept is clearly not possible.
conceived by demographer Frank Notestein, was punc- Indeed, multiple generations may be present in a single
tuated by an end to the upsurge in births and a return country such as Ireland where the boom lasted 36 years.
to pre-war levels. In many European countries the rst This overlapping eect of generations is not illuminated
year of the Post World War II baby boom was the year when considering crude fertility rates. The only common
1946, but in Germany the rst year was the year 1955 in ground for the collective boom is the same approximate
Finland the largest birth rate was in August and Septem- starting year. This example can be applied to each state in
ber 1945. Japan had two separate baby booms. The rst the United States on an individual basis. The states with
started in 1947, the second in 1971. Prior to World War a census in place in 1946 saw fertility rates drop to pre-
II, mortality rates in Europe and America were on a gen- war levels throughout the 1960s, with the average being
eral decline due to improved nutrition and medicine, and in 1964.
a surge in births were previously not experienced at such
a large scale. Based on this model, baby boom years for
other countries regarded for having a baby boom are as
follows: 13.6 See also
Baby boom
Aging in the American workforce
Demographics of France
PostWorld War II economic expansion
Silver democracy (Driven by baby boomers in the

United States, Japan and other countries)
Hungarys population pyramid in 1960 with boom generations 13.7 Bibliography

Barkan, Elliott Robert. From All Points: Americas
France 19461974
Immigrant West, 1870s-1952, (2007) 598 pages
United Kingdom 19461974
Barrett, Richard E., Donald J. Bogue, and Douglas
Finland 19451950 L. Anderton. The Population of the United States 3rd
Edition (1997) compendium of data
Germany 1955-1967
Carter, Susan B., Scott Sigmund Gartner, Michael
Sweden 19461952 R. Haines, and Alan L. Olmstead, eds. The Histor-
ical Statistics of the United States (Cambridge UP:
Denmark 19461950
6 vol; 2006) vol 1 on population; available online;
Netherlands 19461972 massive data compendium; online version in Excel
Ireland 19461982 Chadwick Bruce A. and Tim B. Heaton, eds. Statis-

tical Handbook on the American Family. (1992)
Hungary 1946-1957
Easterlin, Richard A. The American Baby Boom in
Iceland 19461969 Historical Perspective, (1962), the single most inu-
New Zealand 19461961 ential study complete text online
Australia 19461961 Easterlin, Richard A. Birth and Fortune: The Impact

of Numbers on Personal Welfare (1987), by leading
Japan 19471949, 19711974 economist excerpt and text search
13.8. REFERENCES 75
Gillon, Steve. Boomer Nation: The Largest and [11] David Foot, Boom, Bust and Echo: Proting from the De-
Richest Generation Ever, and How It Changed Amer- mographic Shift in the 21st Century (1997) see By deni-
ica (2004), by leading historian. excerpt and text tion: Boom, bust, X and why
search [12] Salt, Bernard (2004). The Big Shift. South Yarra, Vic.:
Hawes Joseph M. and Elizabeth I. Nybakken, eds. Hardie Grant Books. ISBN 978-1-74066-188-1.
American Families: a Research Guide and Historical [13] http://clrc.gov.au/agd/EMA/rwpattach.
Handbook. (Greenwood Press, 1991) nsf/viewasattachmentpersonal/
(C86520E41F5EA5C8AAB6E66B851038D8)
Klein, Herbert S. A Population History of the United ~{}1103BookreviewNotesfield.pdf/\protect\char"0024\
States. Cambridge University Press, 2004. 316 pp relaxfile/1103BookreviewNotesfield.pdf[]
Macunovich, Diane J. Birth Quake: The Baby Boom [14] Oce for National Statistics UK population interactive
and Its Aftershocks (2002) excerpt and text search content
Mintz Steven and Susan Kellogg. Domestic Revo- [15] Oce for National Statistics Animated Population Pyra-
lutions: a Social History of American Family Life. mid for the UK
(1988)
Wells, Robert V. Uncle Sams Family (1985), gen-

eral demographic history
Weiss, Jessica. To Have and to Hold: Marriage, the

Baby Boom, and Social Change (2000) excerpt and
text search
13.8 References
13.8.1 Notes
[1] Figures in Landon Y. Jones, Swinging 60s?" in Smithso-
nian Magazine, January 2006, pp 102107.
[2] CDC Bottom of this page http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/

products/vsus.htm Vital Statistics of the United States,
2003, Volume I, Natality, Table 1-1 Live births, birth
rates, and fertility rates, by race: United States, 1909-
2003.
[3]
[4] (PDF), The University of Michigan http://midus.wisc.

edu/findings/pdfs/32.pdf, retrieved April 17, 2009 Miss-
ing or empty |title= (help)
[5] Population and Household Economic Topics. Cen-

sus.gov. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
[6] Forman-Brunell, Miriam (2009). Babysitter: An Amer-

ican History. New York University Press. pp. 4950.
ISBN 978-0-8147-2759-1.
[7] Median Age at First Marriage, 18902006. Infoplease.

Retrieved July 22, 2008.
[8] People & Events: Mrs. America: Womens Roles in the

1950s. PBS. Retrieved July 22, 2008.
[9] See Richard A. Easterlin, Birth and Fortune: The Impact

of Numbers on Personal Welfare (1987)
[10] The dates 1946 to 1962 are given in Doug Owram, Born
at the right time: a history of the baby-boom generation
(1997)
Chapter 14
Sherman Hemsley
Sherman Alexander Hemsley (February 1, 1938 July

24, 2012) was an American actor, best known for his role
as George Jeerson on the CBS television series All in
the Family and The Jeersons, Deacon Ernest Frye on the
NBC series Amen, and B.P. Richeld on the ABC series
Dinosaurs.
14.1 Early life

Hemsley was born and raised around 22nd and Christian
streets in South Philadelphia by his mother, who worked
in a lamp factory.[1] He did not meet his father until he
was 14.[1] He attended Barrat Middle School, Central
High School for 9th grade and Bok Technical High School
for 10th, when he dropped out of school and joined the
United States Air Force, where he served for four years.
On leaving the Air Force, he returned to Philadelphia,
where he worked for the Post Oce during the day while
attending the Academy of Dramatic Arts at night.[1] He
then moved to New York, continuing to work for the Post
Oce during the day while working as an actor at night.
He starred as the character Gitlow in the early 1970s Sherman Hemsley in the Broadway musical Purlie (photo taken
on June 8, 1972)
Broadway play Purlie.[2][3]
solos Lookin' Over From Your Side in Act I and Ser-

14.2 Career mon in Act II.
14.2.1 Stage
Sherman Hemsley performed with local groups in 14.2.2 Work with Norman Lear
Philadelphia before moving to New York to study
with Lloyd Richards at the Negro Ensemble Company. While Hemsley was on Broadway with Purlie, Norman
Shortly after, he joined Vinnette Carroll's Urban Arts Lear called him in 1971 to play the role of George Jef-
Company appearing in these productions: But Never Jam ferson in his new sitcom, All in the Family. Hemsley was
Today, The Lottery, Old Judge Mose is Dead, Moon on a reluctant to leave his theatre role, but Lear told him that
Rainbow Shawl, Step Lively Boys, Croesus, and The Witch. he would hold the role open for him. Hemsley joined
He made his Broadway debut in Purlie and toured with the cast two years later. The characters of Hemsley and
the show for a year. In the summer of 1972 he joined co-star Isabel Sanford were supporting roles on All in the
the Vinnette Carroll musical Don't Bother Me, I Can't Family, but were given their own spin-o, The Jeersons,
Cope ensemble in Toronto, followed a month later in the two years after Hemsley made his debut on the show.
American Conservatory Theater production at the Geary The Jeersons proved to be one of Lears most successful
Theater. In this his production Hemsley performed the shows, enjoying a run of 11 seasons through 1985.
76
14.3. MUSIC CAREER 77
ter as Ray Campbells father. He also made a voice ap-

pearance as himself in the Seth MacFarlane animated
comedy Family Guy. He appeared in the lm American
Pie Presents: The Book of Love. In 2011, he reprised
his role as George Jeerson for the nal time, along with
Marla Gibbs as Florence Johnston on Tyler Perrys House
of Payne.
He was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of
Fame in 2012.
14.3 Music career

In 1989 Hemsley, who had previously been a jazz key-
boardist, released a single titled Ain't That a Kick in the
Head.[4] This was followed in 1992 with Dance, an al-
bum of rhythm and blues music.[5] He appeared on Soul
Train around the time of the records release and also per-
formed the song Eyes in the Dark.[6]
Hemsley was a fan of 1970s progressive rock bands,[7][8]
including Yes,[7] Gentle Giant, Gong,[8] and Nektar. In
1999 Hemsley collaborated with Yes lead singer Jon An-
Hemsley with The Jeersons co-stars Isabel Sanford and Mike
Evans
derson on an album titled Festival of Dreams which was
not released.[9]
14.2.3 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s

14.4 Personal life and death
Hemsley continued to work steadily after the shows can-
cellation, largely typecast in George Jeersonlike roles.
Hemsley was a shy and intensely private man who was
He teamed up with the shows original cast members characterized by some as reclusive. He avoided the Hol-
when The Jeersons moved to Broadway for a brief pe- lywood limelight and little of his personal life was public
riod. knowledge beyond the facts that he never married and he
Hemsley joined the cast of NBCs Amen in 1986 as Dea- had no children.[10] In 2003, however, Hemsley granted
con Ernest Frye, a church deacon. The show enjoyed a a rare video interview to the Archive of American Tele-
run of ve seasons, ending in 1991. Hemsley then was vision. It [playing George Jeerson] was hard for me.
a voice actor in the ABC live-action puppet series Di- But he was the character. I had to do it.[11]
nosaurs, where he played Bradley P. Richeld, main char- On July 24, 2012, Hemsley died at his home in El Paso,
acter Earls boss. The show ran four seasons, ending in Texas. He was 74 years old. The cause of death was a
1994. result of a cancerous mass on his lung, according to the
Hemsley retired from television acting, although he and El Paso County Texas Medical Examiner.[12][13]
Isabel Sanford appeared together in the mid to late 1990s
On August 28, 2012, an El Paso news anchor interviewed
and in the early 2000s, reprising their roles in guest roles
Flora Isela Enchinton, the sole beneciary of Hemsleys
on such television shows as The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, will, who said they were friends and had been his business
in commercials for The Gap, Old Navy and Dennys, and partner and manager for more than two decades.[14] Dur-
at dry cleaning conventions. He also starred with Sanford ing this time she lived with Hemsley and Hemsleys friend
in a touring company of The Real Live Jeersons stage Kenny Johnston. Enchinton told the Associated Press
show in the 1990s. He and Sanford also made a cameo Hemsley never mentioned any relatives. Some people
appearance in the lm Sprung. They continued to work come out of the woodworkthey think Sherman, they
together on occasion until Sanford began having health think money, Enchinton tells AP. But the fact is that I
problems that led to her death in 2004. did not know Sherman when he was in the limelight. I
In 2001, Hemsley appeared as a contestant of the met them when they [Hemsley and Johnston] came run-
Celebrity Classic TV Edition special of the hit primetime ning from Los Angeles with not one penny, when there
million dollar game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire was nothing but struggle.[15]
and wins $US125,000 for his charity. A Philadelphia man named Richard Thornton claimed to
Hemsley made three appearances in the sitcom Sister, Sis- be the brother of Hemsley and the true heir to his es-
78 CHAPTER 14. SHERMAN HEMSLEY
tate. After contesting the will, Thornton halted progress 14.6 Discography
on funeral arrangements, and as a result, Hemsleys body
remained refrigerated in the San Jose Funeral Home in Dance (1992)
El Paso and unburied for months.[16] On November 9,
2012, the legal battle over Hemsleys body ended when
Judge Patricia Chew ruled in favor of Enchinton.[17][18]
14.7 Television work
A military funeral was planned for Hemsley. He was
interred at Fort Bliss National Cemetery in his adopted All in the Family (19731975)
hometown of El Paso, Texas.[19]
The Jeersons (19751985)
"The Love Boat" (1977)
14.5 Filmography
The Donny & Marie Show (1978?) (Guest star)
The Incredible Hulk (season 2 episode 18 No Es-
cape)
Pink Lady (1980) (Guest starred as himself)
Purlie (1981)[20]
Fantasy Island (Nov. 7, 1981) (Season 5, Episode
5, Mr. Nobody/La Liberatora)
E/R (19841985) (guest spots as Nurse Julie
Williams uncle George Jeerson)
The Twilight Zone (1985) as Sam ("I of Newton")
Alice in Wonderland (1985)
Hemsleys handprints in front of Hollywood Hills Amphitheater Candid Camera (1986) as Dick Sherman
at Walt Disney World's Disneys Hollywood Studios theme park.
Amen (19861991)
Love at First Bite (1979) Combat High (1986)
Stewardess School (1986) 227 (guest starred in the episode The Big Deal)
Ghost Fever (1987) Camp Cucamonga (1990)
Club Fed (1990) Martin (1994)
Mr. Nanny (1993) The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (guest starred as Judge
Carl Robertson, and George Jeerson)
Home of Angels (1994)
Dinosaurs (19911994) as B.P. Richeld (voice)
The Misery Brothers (1995)
In Living Color (February 14, 1993) guest appear-
Sprung (1997) ance as George Jeerson in sketch, Lashawn: Dry
Cleaners
Casper: A Spirited Beginning (1997)
Townsend Television (1993) (canceled after 4
Senseless (1998)
months)
Maa! (1998) The Magic School Bus (1995) (guest starred as Mr.
Up, Up, and Away (2000) Junkit, in Revved Up)
Screwed (2000) The Wayans Bros. (1995) as Mr. Stone in the

episode Its Shawn! Its Marlon! Its The Super-
For the Love of a Dog (2007) boys!"
Hanging in Hedo (2008) Goode Behavior (19961997)
American Pie Presents: The Book of Love (2009) All That (1997) guest starred in two episodes
Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman [7] Condran, Ed (May 20, 2001). Sherman Hemsley moves
(Portrayed Winslow Schott, a.k.a. Toyman in the on up to Cherry Hill. Calkins Media. Retrieved January
1994 Episode Seasons Greedings) 8, 2012.
Casper: A Spirited Beginning (1997) [8] George Jeerson: Worlds Biggest Gong Fan. Magnet.
Sister, Sister (guest spots as Tia and Tameras grand-
[9] Randall, Mac (January 28, 1999). From 'The Jeersons
father) To Yes With Sherman Hemsley. Yahoo! Music. Re-
Senseless (Smythe-Bates Doorman)
[10] Watkins, Mel (July 24, 2012). Sherman Hemsley, Jef-
Clips Place (1998) (unsold pilot) fersons Star, Is Dead at 74. The New York Times. Re-
trieved July 28, 2012.
The Secret Diary of Desmond Pfeier (1998) (guest
starred as Union spy in Up, Up and Away) [11] Sherman Hemsley of 'The Jeersons' fame, found dead
in El Paso Alamogordo Daily News
The Hughleys (played Yvonne Hughleys father)
[12] Walsh, Michael (July 24, 2012). Sherman Hemsley dead:
Figure It Out (1999) (Guest Panelist) 'Jeersons star dies at age 74. Daily News (New York).
Up, Up, and Away (2000)
[13] 'The Jeersons star Sherman Hemsley found dead at
Mister Ed (2004) (unsold pilot) home Indian Express
The Surreal Life (cast member in 2006) [14] Dougherty, Matt; Martinez, Leonard (August 29, 2012).
Body of actor Sherman Hemsley stored in funeral home
Family Matters (Captain Marion Savage Carls cooler, not buried, weeks after his death. KVIA. Re-
superior) trieved August 31, 2012.
All That (Good Burger food critic) [15] Sherman Hemsley Remains Unburied Due to Will Dis-
pute. advocate.com.
Family Guy, himself in a voice cameo ("The Father,
the Son, and the Holy Fonz") [16] Actor Sherman Hemsley unburied amid ght over his re-
mains. CNN. August 30, 2012. Retrieved August 30,
Tyler Perrys House of Payne (guest starred as 2012.
George Jeerson) [17] El Paso judge rules in favor of Sherman Hemsley busi-
ness partner. El Paso Times. November 10, 2012. Re-
trieved November 10, 2012.
14.8 See also [18] Will of Jeersons star Sherman Hemsley is valid actor
can be buried. Associated Press. November 9, 2012.
Biography portal Retrieved November 9, 2012.
[19] Military funeral planned for Sherman Hemsley months

after death. Fox News. November 14, 2012. Retrieved
14.9 References November 14, 2012.
[1] Schaer, Michael D. (July 24, 2012). "Jeersons star [20] Purlie (1981) at the Internet Movie Database
Sherman Hemsley dies at 74. Philadelphia Inquirer. Re-
trieved August 14, 2012.
14.10 External links
[2] Ask Monika. St. Petersburg Times. September 3, 1989.
p. 64.
Sherman Hemsley at the Internet Movie Database
[3] Claudia Rosenbaum (September 3, 1989). Hemsley
turns to stand-up comedy. The Washington Times. p. Sherman Hemsley interview video at the Archive of
M2. American Television
[4] O'Neal, Sean (July 24, 2012). R.I.P. Sherman Hemsley. Sherman Hemsley at the Internet Broadway
The AV Club. Retrieved July 25, 2012. Database
[5] Allmusic Sherman Hemsley Dance". Allmusic. Re-
trieved July 25, 2012.
[6] Sherman Hemsley performs Eyes in the Dark on Soul

Train (1992) Bing Videos
Chapter 15
George Jeerson
For the American athlete, see George Jeerson (athlete). was attributed to his familys move to Chicago, but was
mentioned one time when he had a son named Raymond
(played by Gary Coleman), who came to visit his aunt
George Jeerson is a ctional character played by
Sherman Hemsley on the American television sitcoms All Louise and uncle George in one episode of The Jeer-
sons.
in the Family (from 1973 until 1975) and its spin-o The
Jeersons (19751985), in which he serves as the pro- During All in the Family, Jeerson lived in a working-
grams protagonist. He is the only character to appear in class neighborhood in the borough of Queens, next door
all 253 episodes of The Jeersons. to the Bunker family, with his wife Louise (Isabel San-
ford) and son Lionel (Mike Evans). During the pe-
riod, between 1971 and 1973, Georges perpetual ab-
sence was explained as being a result of his refusal to set
15.1 Character overview foot in his bigoted neighbor Archie Bunker's home, al-
though in later episodes relationships between Jeerson
George Jeerson was born in Harlem in 1929, an am- and Bunker thawed somewhat. When the spin-o series
bitious African-American entrepreneur who started and The Jeersons began in January 1975, George and his
managed a successful chain of seven dry cleaning stores family had moved to a deluxe apartment in the sky on
in New York City. The only background on the Jeerson the Upper East Side of Manhattan.
family is that they were Alabama sharecroppers. In a very Like his neighbor Archie Bunker, George Jeerson was
early episode, Georges wife Louise makes mention of a frequently opinionated, rude, bigoted, prone to scheming
conversation she had with Georges father after she and and not particularly intelligent in a scholastic sense. Un-
George were married about the Jeersons family roots. like Archie, however, George was more quick-thinking,
However, the shows writers later applied a retroactive and usually more clever. Frequently, plots in The Jeer-
change in the continuity of Georges father, such that he sons revolved around Georges usually dishonest schemes,
had died when George was 10 years old. This left George which always ended in comedic failure. In one 3rd season
to take care of his mother; therefore, George was unable farcical episode {A Case of Black and White}, George
to complete high school. He was a cook in the US Navy schemes to obtain a new client (a mixed-race couple) by
during the Korean War. He began dating Louise when inviting them and the Willises (also a mixed-race cou-
they were teenagers and married her upon his discharge ple) to dinner. When the Willises realize that George is
from the navy. using them, they leave before the new client shows up.
Before the Jeersons store opening, the family lived in This makes George bribe Florence the maid and Ralph
a derelict section of Harlem. George had worked as a the doorman into pretending to be the Willises. Eventu-
janitor, and Louise as a housekeeper. In one episode ally the Willises return, and by pretending to be Florence
Louise says that the buildings white janitor was properly and Ralph, they help George land the client, while trap-
referred to as a custodian. George says: Well, when- ping George into throwing them an extravagant anniver-
ever a man of our race has that job, he is a janitor!" sary party.
Georges brother Henry Jeerson, played by veteran Like Archie Bunker, George Jeersons personality soft-
character actor Mel Stewart, appeared in All in the Fam- ened somewhat as years passed. By The Jeersons series
ily during the lead-up to the spin-o of The Jeersons. nale in 1985, the frequent racism and interracial mar-
That character was created only because Sherman Hem- riage plotlines of early seasons were replaced with plots
sley was starring in the Broadway musical Purlie and not involving the Jeersons family life, as well as interactions
yet available to take on the part of George. Once Hemsley with maid Florence (played by Marla Gibbs) and neigh-
became available and joined the cast, the character of his bors. George would form a grudging friendship with Tom
brother became extraneous, and a result, Henry Jeer- Willis.
son never appeared on The Jeersons. Henrys absence
80
15.3. ALL IN THE FAMILY APPEARANCES 81
Helmsley appeared as George twice on The Fresh Prince Jeersons depicted the day the very rst Jeerson Clean-
of Bel-Air, appearing along with Isabel Sanford as Louise, ers store opened for business, which happened to be the
debating whether or not to buy the house Will Smith's day Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in April
character had lived in for the last several years from his 1968; however, this contradicts the previous history es-
aunt and uncle in the later episode. tablished during All in the Family 's rst season (in early
1971), where Lionel announced that his parents had just
started their own dry cleaning business with money his
15.2 Jeerson Cleaners father had received in a disability settlement. The second
episode is Change for a Dollar, where George and Louise
start their grand opening of Jeersons Cleaners.
The third episode of All in the Family explained
how George Jeerson started his dry-cleaning business.
George Jeersons son Lionel explains that the family
used a $3,200 (around $18698.00, adjusted for current 15.3 All in the Family appearances
ination) insurance settlement from a car accident to
start Jeersons Cleaners. Season one , episode nine The following is a list of All in the Family episodes featur-
(3/15/75) indicates it was a $5,000 (22,621.57 in 2015) ing George Jeerson before and during The Jeersons.
whiplash settlement from the City of New York. A
Christmas ashback episode, which featured Sherman
Hemsley playing his characters father, explained how he
got the idea to open a dry cleaning business as a child 15.3.1 Season Four
after his father told him that dry cleaning was expen-
sive. This episode also showed how George had been in- Episode 6: Henrys Farewell
volved in money-making schemes since childhood, with
him working as a shoe-shine boy and paying a school- Episode 14: Archie Is Cursed
mate to push people into mud puddles, forcing them to
get their shoes shined. He started his opening his business Episode 20: Lionels Engagement
in 1968 in Queens, earned enough money for three years
to move into the suburbs of a working class neighborhood Episode 23: Pay the Twenty Dollars
of Queens in 1971. George made enough money for two
more years to start a chain of dry cleaning business and
dry cleaning business in Manhattan. George and Louise 15.3.2 Season Five
has enough money to move up from Queens to Manhat-
tan and left Queens in style with a limousine in Jeersons
Episode 1: The Bunkers and Ination (Part 1)
move on up episode in All in the Family season 5. Now
move in deluxe penthouse apartment in Manhattan and
live the life of luxury. Episode 3: The Bunkers and Ination (Part 3)
George Jeersons chief business rival was Gil Cunning- Episode 4: The Bunkers and Ination (Part 4)
ham, with whom George had a considerably antagonistic
relationship. Later in the series, after Gil Cunningham
Episode 5: Lionel the Live-In
died, the Jeersons discovered that Gil never desired to
be enemies with George. It was revealed that Gils wife
Episode 9: Wheres Archie?" (Part 2)
(played by future L.A. Law star Susan Ruttan), had been
the motivator behind this competition all along. In his
will, Gil left George the bowling trophy he won vs. Jeer- Episode 10: The Longest Kiss
son Cleaners, with a letter inside warning George to never
trust her because she put the cunning in Cunningham. Episode 12: George and Archie Make a Deal
Gil was later proven right as Mrs. Cunningham, under
the guise of still grieving over his passing, stole the idea Episode 13: Archies Contract
from an ad campaign George was devising for Jeerson
Cleaners, which stated that for every pound of laundry a Episode 17: The Jeersons Move on Up
customer would send in to be cleaned, they would be re-
imbursed one dollar. But in the end, after nding Gils Episode 24: Mike Makes His Move
letter, George turned the tables on Mrs. Cunningham by
bringing her all of the laundry from all seven of his clean-
ing stores and thereby forcing her to pay him a dollar for 15.3.3 Season Eight
every pound, which amounted to $10,000.
A later season of two episode ashback episode of The Episode 22: Mikes New Job
82 CHAPTER 15. GEORGE JEFFERSON
15.4 Cultural impact

The lingering cultural impact of the George Jeerson
character is such that Michelle Obama, the wife of then-
presidential candidate Barack Obama, referenced George
Jeerson in a June 2008 interview with the New York
Times. Referring to an unfounded rumor discussed by
a blogger that she had once used the word whitey in
a speech, Michelle Obama told the Times: You are
amazed sometimes at how deep the lies can be . . . I
mean, whitey? Thats something that George Jeerson
would say.[1]
15.5 References
[1] Michael Powell and Jodi Kantor (2008-06-18). Michelle
Obama Looks for a New Introduction. New York Times.
Chapter 16
704 Hauser
704 Hauser is an American sitcom that aired on CBS 16.2 Episodes

from April 11 to May 9, 1994. A spino of All in the
Family (the nal of several), the series is built around the
concept of a black family, the Cumberbatches, moving 16.3 References
into the former Queens home of Archie Bunker years
after Bunker had sold the house located at 704 Hauser [1] 704 Hauser St, Norman Lear creates 704 Hauser St,
Street. The All in the Family character Joey Stivic, Archie Bunker. Allinthefamilysit.com. 1994-04-15.
Archies grandson, makes a cameo in the rst episode.[1] Retrieved 2013-11-19.
[2]
16.4 External links

16.1 Overview
704 Hauser at the Internet Movie Database
Norman Lear created the series during the time when 704 Hauser at TV.com
conservative talk radio was experiencing its initial up-
swing in popularity in the United States, particularly in
the form of Rush Limbaugh. Lear felt that the time was
right for a new show to explore some of the issues be-
ing discussed, and 704 Hauser was even more explicitly
political than All in the Family.
John Amos, a veteran of the earlier Lear sitcom Good
Times (itself a spin-o of the All in the Family spin-
o Maude), starred as Ernie Cumberbatch, while Lyn-
nie Godfrey played his wife, Rose. T.E. Russell played
their live-at-home son, Thurgood Marshall Goodie
Cumberbatch.[2]
The show featured a reversal of the original All in the
Family formula. Ernie and Rose Cumberbatch were blue
collar, working class Democrats, while their son Goodie
was an assertive conservative activist in the vein of
Armstrong Williams, Walter Williams, or Thomas Sow-
ell. To add further conict, Goodies girlfriend, Cherlyn
Markowitz (Maura Tierney), was white and Jewish, with
whom he had chosen a celibate relationship.
Audiences did not respond favorably to the show, which
was cancelled after just ve episodes (with one episode
remaining unaired).
In the second episode of the rst season of All in the
Family (Writing the President), Archie mentions a
black friend of his from the old neighborhood named
Roundtree Cumberbatch; Mike replies that he thinks the
name is made up.
83
Chapter 17
Danielle Brisebois
Danielle Anne Brisebois (born June 28, 1969) is an and played the daughter of William Devane's character
American producer, singer-songwriter and former child on Knots Landing in the series fth season. In the late
actress. She is most recognized for her role as Stephanie 1980s, she had several single-episode appearances in var-
Mills on the sitcoms All in the Family and its spin-o ious TV series, including Hotel; Mr. Belvedere; Murder,
Archie Bunkers Place (for which she was nominated for She Wrote; Tales from the Darkside; and Days of Our
a Golden Globe Award), as well as playing Molly in the Lives. In 2005, she ranked number 50 of VH1's 100
original Broadway production of the musical Annie. Greatest Kid Stars.[3]
In the 1990s she recorded two solo albums, Arrive All
Over You and Portable Life, and was a member of the New
Radicals and contributed to writing the songs for the al-
bum Maybe You've Been Brainwashed Too. She has writ-
17.2 Music career
ten or co-written a number of songs, including Natasha
Bedingeld's "Unwritten", and "Pocketful of Sunshine". Brisebois began her career as a recording artist in
the early 1990s by providing backing vocals on
In January 2015, Brisebois and writing partner Gregg Intoxifornication, the 1992 album by rock singer Gregg
Alexander were nominated for an Academy Award for Alexander; this marked the beginning of a long-standing
Best Original Song for the song Lost Stars from the lm collaboration with Alexander, who co-wrote, produced
Begin Again. and sang on her rst solo album Arrive All Over You in
1994. Despite a disappointing commercial performance
in U.S, the album became a minor hit in Europe, Arrive
All Over You performed well critically and continues to
17.1 Early life and acting career maintain a cult following. Mackenzie Wilson of Allmusic
described the album as an earnest and impressive ef-
Brisebois was born on June 28, 1969, in Brooklyn, New fort ... [that] went largely unnoticed during the reign
York, the daughter of Mary and Frank Brisebois, a com- of gangsta rap and grunge and compared it favourably
puter instructor. She is of French-Canadian and Italian to Alanis Morissette's Jagged Little Pill.[4] Her cover of
descent.[1] She began her career as a child actress appear- "Gimme Little Sign" was a minor hit in Europe.
ing in her rst movie, The Premonition (1976), at the age In 1998, Brisebois became a member of Alexanders New
of seven. In 1977, she appeared in an episode of Kojak Radicals group, who scored their greatest successes with
and began starring in the original Broadway cast of Annie the hit single "You Get What You Give" and the million-
as the youngest of the orphans, Molly. (Jay-Z later sam- selling album Maybe You've Been Brainwashed Too. She
pled a clip of Brisebois from Annie for his song "Hard provided distinctive female vocals to the groups sound on
Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)"). In the late 1970s, she tracks such as "Mother We Just Can't Get Enough" and
joined the cast of All in the Family later also starring in Jehovah Made This Whole Joint For You. Alexander
its spin-o Archie Bunkers Place in the early 1980s. She quickly disbanded the group in 1999, but went on to pro-
was nominated for six Young Artist Awards from 1980 duce and co-write Brisebois second solo album, Portable
to 1984, winning two; in 1981 as Best Young Actress Life, which was originally scheduled to be released on Oc-
in a TV Special for Mom, the Wolfman and Me and in tober 26, 1999. Promotional copies of the album and the
1982 as Best Young Actress in a Television Series for single I've Had It were distributed, reviews appeared in
Archie Bunkers Place. In 1982 she was also nominated the press and an I've Had It video was even shot, but for
for a Golden Globe as Best Supporting Actress in a Se- unknown reasons RCA Records cancelled the release at
ries, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV, again the last minute. The album was delayed until September
for Archie Bunkers Place.[2] 30, 2008, when it was released as a digital download via
Brisebois appeared in several episodes of Battle of the iTunes and Amazon.com. A compilation album of Arrive
Network Stars and Circus of the Stars in the early 1980s All Over You-era tracks, entitled Just Missed the Train,
84
17.6. SONGWRITING CREDITS 85
was later released through Sony BMG on September 26, 17.5.3 Singles
2006.
"What If God Fell From The Sky" (1994, 188#
Brisebois has written and produced numerous songs for
(Australia charts)
various other artists, including Carly Smithson, Clay
Aiken, Kelly Clarkson, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Paula Abdul "Gimme Little Sign" (1995, #75 UK charts; #23
and Kylie Minogue. She co-wrote Natasha Bedingeld's Swedish charts; #51 German charts)[5]
Top 10 hits "Unwritten" and "Pocketful of Sunshine", and
"Stamp Your Feet" for Donna Summer. In November "I Don't Wanna Talk About Love" (1995)
2008, she reunited with Alexander, former New Radi-
I've Had It (1999, promotional single only)
cals guitarist Rusty Anderson and producer Rick Now-
els as The Not So Silent Majority. She sang lead vocals
on their song Obama Rock, supporting the election of
Barack Obama. In 2009, she also had two songs on Leona 17.6 Songwriting credits
Lewis' album Echo including Alive and Let It Rain.
Later that year, Danielle won big at the BMI Awards, both Paula Abdul
in the US and UK, with "Pocketful of Sunshine" includ-
I'm Just Here For the Music
ing two of the top awards, the Robert S. Musel award for
Song of the Year and the College Song of the Year, as well Clay Aiken
as a third award for Film and Television for Unwritten.
Perfect Day
In 2012, Brisebois co-write the Halestorm's song Heres
To Us, which was featured on the season nale of Glee. David Archuleta
Her recent credits also include co-writing the song For-
ward with Gregg Alexander, Nick Lashley and Fred Things Are Gonna Get Better
Golding for President Obamas re-election campaign.
Begin Again soundtrack
She also co-wrote songs for John Carney's (writer, di-
rector of Oscar and eight Tony award winning Once) Lost Stars by Adam Levine and Keira
the 2014 feature lm Begin Again starring Mark Ruf- Knightley (also co-produced)
falo, Keira Knightley, Adam Levine, Hailee Steinfeld and Coming Up Roses Keira Knightley (also co-
James Corden. The song Lost Stars was nominated for a produced)
2015 Academy Award for Best Original Song. A Step You Can't Take Back by Keira
Knightley
Natasha Bedingeld
17.3 Personal life
"Unwritten" #1 Single Billboard Pop 100
Brisebois is married to producer/songwriter and guitar "Pocketful of Sunshine" #5 Single Billboard
player Nick Lashley. She has twin daughters Charlotte Hot 100
and Lola Lashley, born in December 2013. We're All Mad
Drop Me in the Middle
Piece of Your Heart
17.4 Filmography All I Need featuring Kevin Rudolph
Try
17.5 Discography When You Know You Know
Good on Me (B Side)
17.5.1 Albums
Boyzone
Arrive All Over You (1994) Love Is a Hurricane
Portable Life (1999, released in 2008) Greyson Chance

Light Up the Dark
Heart Like a Stone
17.5.2 Compilations
Purple Sky
Just Missed the Train (2006) Charice
86 CHAPTER 17. DANIELLE BRISEBOIS
Lighthouse Donna Summer

Kelly Clarkson "Stamp Your Feet" (#1 Single Billboard Dance
Chart)
Just Missed the Train
Driving Down Brazil
Dia Frampton Crayons featuring Ziggy Marley
Homeless
Halestorm 17.7 Awards and nominations
Heres To Us (#1 Rock Song iTunes)
17.7.1 Awards won
Carly Hennessy
Beautiful You 1981 Young Artist Award Best Young Actress in
a TV Special; for Mom, the Wolfman and Me
No Ones Safe From Goodbye
1982 Young Artist Award Best Young Actress in
Jamelia a Television Series; for Archie Bunkers Place
Tripping Over You 2009 BMI The Robert S. Musel Award; for
Leona Lewis "Pocketful of Sunshine"
Alive 2009 BMI College Song; for Pocketful of Sun-

shine
Let It Rain
2009 BMI Pop Award; for Pocketful of Sunshine
Lilygreen & Maguire
2009 BMI Cable Award; The Hills
Given Up Giving Up
Kimberley Locke
17.7.2 Nominations
Everyday Angels
1980 Young Artist Award Best Juvenile Actress in
Kylie Minogue a TV Series or Special; for All in the Family
Boombox 1981 Young Artist Award Best Young Actress in
I'm Just Here For the Music a Television Series; for Archie Bunkers Place
My Image Unlimited 1982 Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Ac-
tress in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture
Mandy Moore
Made for TV; for Archie Bunkers Place
Someday We'll Know
1983 Young Artist Award Best Young Actress in
Leigh Nash a Television Series; for Archie Bunkers Place
Just a Little 1984 Young Artist Award Best Young Actress in

a Television Series; for Archie Bunkers Place
Ne Yo, Johnny Rzeznik, Natasha Bedingeld,
Herbie Hancock, Delta Rae 2015 Academy Award Best Original Song; for
Lost Stars from Begin Again.
Forward
New Radicals
17.8 References
Someday We'll Know
Trine Rein [1] Archies Angel. people.com. Retrieved June 14, 2015.
[2] Golden Globe. imdb.com. Retrieved June 14, 2015.

Just Missed The Train
[3] VH1 (June 9, 2005). VH1 Names Gary Coleman the
Samantha Stollenwerck
Greatest Kid Star. prnewswire.com. Retrieved June 14,
Carefree 2015.
Is This My Life [4] Allmusic.com Arrive All Over You review.

[5] Die ganze Musik im Internet: Charts, Neuerschei-

nungen, Tickets, Genres, Genresuche, Genrelexikon,
Knstler-Suche, Musik-Suche, Track-Suche, Ticket-
Suche - musicline.de. musicline.de. Retrieved June 14,
2015.
17.9 External links

Danielle Brisebois at the Internet Movie Database
Danielle Brisebois at the Internet Broadway
Database
Danielle Brisebois at TV.com
Don't Wanna Talk About Love, What If God

Fell From The Sky and Gimme Little Sign music
videos (via AOL Music)
Chapter 18
Stephanie Mills (All in the Family)
Stephanie Mills was a character on the 1970s Ameri- (portrayed by Celeste Holm), sued Archie for custody,
can television situation comedy All in the Family and the citing his bigoted attitudes and blue collar background.
follow-up series, Archie Bunkers Place. She was por- A judge sides with Archie but grants Estelle liberal vis-
trayed by child actress Danielle Brisebois, who joined All itation rights. Stephanies father Floyd (Ben Slack) re-
in the Family in 1978. Brisebois continued in the role un- appears on occasion, asking to take his daughter back:
til Archie Bunkers Place ended its run in 1983. She was however, the Bunkers manage to foil him each time.
born around 1969. Stephanie rst attended an unnamed elementary school
and later Ditmars Junior High School. Her best friend
(and sometimes rival) was classmate Amy Bloom (played
18.1 Character background by Seven Anne MacDonald).
In the latter years of Archie Bunkers Place, Stephanie
Stephanie was introduced in the All in the Familys ninth- would be one of two teen-aged girls living under Archies
season premiere as the 9-year-old niece of Archie and roof, the other being Archies 18-year-old niece Bar-
Edith Bunker (although she was actually the daughter bara Lee Billie Bunker (portrayed by Denise Miller).
of Ediths step-cousin). Stephanie was abandoned at Stephanie would also make fewer appearances during the
the doorstep of the Bunkers home by her father Floyd nal two seasons of the series.
Mills, a chronic alcoholic. Floyd was Ediths step-cousin
from her aunts second marriage. Stephanies mother
Floyds wife, Marilyn had died some time earlier in a 18.2 References
car accident.
Edith is more than delighted to take in Stephanie, but Brooks, Tim and Earl Marsh. The Complete Direc-
Archie is decidedly less so, especially since he was - tory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows,
nally looking forward to some peace and quiet after his 9th Ed. Ballantine Books, Random House, New
daughter and son-in-law, Gloria and Mike Meathead York City, New York, 2007. ISBN 0-345-49773-
Stivic moved to California. Eventually, Stephanie wins 2
over Archie and he grows to love her as his own daughter.
Terrace, Vincent. Television Character and Story
She also appeared to hold liberal views in contrast with
Facts: Over 110,000 Details From 1,008 Shows,
the conservative Archie. Shortly after moving in with the
19451992. McFarland & Co. Inc., Jeerson,
Bunkers, Stephanie reveals herself to be Jewish, some-
North Carolina, 1993. ISBN 0-89950-891-X
thing that at rst upsets Archie. While he learns to live
with Stephanies religious beliefs, Archie was not stopped
from making his usual bigoted remarks against Judaism
from time to time. She eventually becomes a member of
the Temple Beth Shalom.
Stephanie proved to be very talented as a singer and
dancer, showcasing her talents on several episodes of All
in the Family and Archie Bunkers Place. She once applied
to a ne arts school (despite Archies decidedly reluctant
support), but she was turned down because of her less-
than-stellar grades.
On several occasions, Stephanies relatives tried to take
Stephanie away from the Bunkers. Not long after Edith
died, Stephanies wealthy grandmother Estelle Harris
88
Chapter 19
Hippie
Hippies redirects here. For the British comedy series, Zealand, nomadic housetruckers practiced alternative
see Hippies (TV series). For the garage rock album, see lifestyles and promoted sustainable energy at Nambassa.
Hippies (album). In the United Kingdom in 1970 many gathered at the
A hippie (or hippy) is a member of a counterculture, gigantic Isle of Wight Festival with a crowd of around
400,000 people.[4] In later years, mobile peace convoys
of New Age travelers made summer pilgrimages to free
music festivals at Stonehenge and elsewhere. In Aus-
tralia, hippies gathered at Nimbin for the 1973 Aquarius
Festival and the annual Cannabis Law Reform Rally or
MardiGrass. "Piedra Roja Festival", a major hippie event
in Chile, was held in 1970.[5]
Hippie fashion and values had a major eect on culture,
inuencing popular music, television, lm, literature, and
the arts. Since the 1960s, many aspects of hippie cul-
ture have been assimilated by mainstream society. The
religious and cultural diversity espoused by the hippies
has gained widespread acceptance, and Eastern philoso-
phy and spiritual concepts have reached a larger audience.
Young hippie people near the Woodstock festival in August 1969.
originally a youth movement that started in the United 19.1 Etymology

States and United Kingdom during the mid-1960s and
spread to other countries around the world. The word
Main article: Hippie (etymology)
hippie came from hipster and was initially used to describe
beatniks who had moved into New York Citys Greenwich
Village and San Franciscos Haight-Ashbury district. The Lexicographer Jesse Sheidlower, the principal American
term hippie was rst popularized in San Francisco by editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, argues that the
Herb Caen who was a journalist for the San Francisco terms hipster and hippie derive from the word hip, whose
Chronicle. The origins of the terms hip and hep are un- origins are unknown.[6] The word hip in the sense of
certain, although by the 1940s both had become part of aware, in the know is rst attested in a 1902 cartoon
African American jive slang and meant sophisticated; by Tad Dorgan,[7] and rst appeared in print in a 1904
currently fashionable; fully up-to-date.[1][2][3] The Beats novel by George Vere Hobart, Jim Hickey, A Story of the
adopted the term hip, and early hippies inherited the lan- One-Night Stands, where a black American character uses
guage and countercultural values of the Beat Genera- the slang phrase Are you hip?"
tion. Hippies created their own communities, listened to The term hipster was coined by Harry Gibson in 1944.[8]
psychedelic music, embraced the sexual revolution, and By the 1940s, the terms hip, hep and hepcat were popu-
used drugs such as cannabis, LSD, peyote and psilocybin lar in Harlem jazz slang, although hep eventually came to
mushrooms to explore altered states of consciousness. denote an inferior status to hip.[9] In Greenwich Village
In January 1967, the Human Be-In in Golden Gate in the early 1960s, New York City, young counterculture
Park in San Francisco popularized hippie culture, lead- advocates were named hips because they were considered
ing to the Summer of Love on the West Coast of the in the know or cool, as opposed to being square. In a
United States, and the 1969 Woodstock Festival on the 1961 essay, Kenneth Rexroth used both the terms hipster
East Coast. Hippies in Mexico, known as jipitecas, and hippies to refer to young people participating in black
formed La Onda and gathered at Avndaro, while in New American or Beatnik nightlife.[10] According to Malcolm
89
90 CHAPTER 19. HIPPIE
X's 1964 autobiography, the word hippie in 1940s Harlem Hillel the Elder, Jesus, Buddha, St. Francis of Assisi,
had been used to describe a specic type of white man Gandhi, and J.R.R. Tolkien.[16]
who acted more Negro than Negroes.[11] Andrew Loog The rst signs of modern proto-hippies emerged in n
Oldham refers to all the Chicago hippies, seemingly de sicle Europe. Between 1896 and 1908, a German
in reference to black blues/R&B musicians, in his rear youth movement arose as a countercultural reaction to the
sleeve notes to the 1965 LP The Rolling Stones, Now! organized social and cultural clubs that centered around
The word hippie was also used in reference to Philadel- German folk music. Known as Der Wandervogel (mi-
phia in at least two popular songs in 1963: South Street gratory bird), the hippie movement opposed the for-
by The Orlons,[12] and You Can't Sit Down by The mality of traditional German clubs, instead emphasiz-
Dovells.[13] In both songs, the term is applied to residents ing amateur music and singing, creative dress, and com-
of Philadelphias South Street. munal outings involving hiking and camping.[17] Inspired
Although the word hippies made other isolated appear- by the works of Friedrich Nietzsche, Goethe, Hermann
ances in print during the early 1960s, the rst use of Hesse, and Eduard Baltzer, Wandervogel attracted thou-
the term on the West Coast appeared on September 5, sands of young Germans who rejected the rapid trend
1965, in the article, A New Haven for Beatniks", by toward urbanization and yearned for the pagan, back-
San Francisco journalist Michael Fallon. In that article, to-nature spiritual life of their ancestors.[18] During the
Fallon wrote about the Blue Unicorn coeehouse, using rst several decades of the 20th century, Germans set-
the term hippie to refer to the new generation of beat- tled around the United States, bringing the values of
niks who had moved from North Beach into the Haight- the Wandervogel with them. Some opened the rst
Ashbury district.[14][15] New York Times editor and usage health food stores, and many moved to southern Califor-
writer Theodore M. Bernstein said the paper changed the nia where they could practice an alternative lifestyle in
spelling from hippy to hippie to avoid the ambiguous de- a warm climate. Over time, young Americans adopted
scription of clothing as hippy fashions. the beliefs and practices of the new immigrants. One
group, called the Nature Boys, took to the Califor-
nia desert and raised organic food, espousing a back-
to-nature lifestyle like the Wandervogel.[19] Songwriter
19.2 History eden ahbez wrote a hit song called Nature Boy inspired
by Robert Bootzin (Gypsy Boots), who helped popular-
Main article: History of the hippie movement ize health-consciousness, yoga, and organic food in the
United States.
19.2.1 Origins
American hippies smoking cannabis in Thailand
Like Wandervogel, the hippie movement in the United

States began as a youth movement. Composed mostly
A Hippie-painted VW bug of white teenagers and young adults between 15 and 25
years old,[20][21] hippies inherited a tradition of cultural
A July 1968 Time Magazine study on hippie philoso- dissent from bohemians and beatniks of the Beat Gen-
phy credited the foundation of the hippie movement with eration in the late 1950s.[21] Beats like Allen Ginsberg
historical precedent as far back as the Sadhu of In- crossed over from the beat movement and became x-
dia, the spiritual seekers who had renounced the world tures of the burgeoning hippie and anti-war movements.
by taking Sannyas. Even the counterculture of the By 1965, hippies had become an established social group
Ancient Greeks, espoused by philosophers like Diogenes in the U.S., and the movement eventually expanded to
of Sinope and the Cynics were also early forms of hippie other countries,[22][23] extending as far as the United
culture.[16] It also named as notable inuences the reli- Kingdom and Europe, Australia, Canada, New Zealand,
gious and spiritual teachings of Henry David Thoreau, Japan, Mexico, and Brazil.[24] The hippie ethos inu-
19.2. HISTORY 91
enced The Beatles and others in the United Kingdom and

other parts of Europe, and they in turn inuenced their
American counterparts.[25] Hippie culture spread world-
wide through a fusion of rock music, folk, blues, and
psychedelic rock; it also found expression in literature,
the dramatic arts, fashion, and the visual arts, includ-
ing lm, posters advertising rock concerts, and album
covers.[26] In 1968, self-described hippies represented
just under 0.2% of the U.S. population[27] and dwindled
away by mid-1970s.[22]
Along with the New Left and the American Civil Rights
Movement, the hippie movement was one of three dis-
senting groups of the 1960s counterculture.[23] Hippies Escapin' through the lily elds
rejected established institutions, criticized middle class I came across an empty space
values, opposed nuclear weapons and the Vietnam War, It trembled and exploded
embraced aspects of Eastern philosophy,[28] champi- Left a bus stop in its place
oned sexual liberation, were often vegetarian and eco- The bus came by and I got on
friendly, promoted the use of psychedelic drugs which Thats when it all began
they believed expanded ones consciousness, and created There was cowboy Neal
At the wheel
intentional communities or communes. They used alter-
Of a bus to never-ever land
native arts, street theatre, folk music, and psychedelic
rock as a part of their lifestyle and as a way of ex- - Grateful Dead, lyrics from Thats It for the Other One[36]
pressing their feelings, their protests and their vision of
the world and life. Hippies opposed political and social
orthodoxy, choosing a gentle and nondoctrinaire ideol- One.[36]
ogy that favored peace, love and personal freedom,[29][30]
expressed for example in The Beatles' song "All You During this period Greenwich Village in New York City
Need is Love".[31] Hippies perceived the dominant cul- and Berkeley, California anchored the American folk
ture as a corrupt, monolithic entity that exercised undue music circuit. Berkeleys two coee houses, the Ca-
power over their lives, calling this culture "The Estab- bale Creamery and the Jabberwock, sponsored perfor-
lishment", "Big Brother", or "The Man".[32][33][34] Noting mances by folk music artists in a beat setting.[37] In April
that they were seekers of meaning and value, scholars 1963, Chandler A. Laughlin III, co-founder of the Cabale
like Timothy Miller have described hippies as a new reli- Creamery,[38] established a kind of tribal, family identity
gious movement.[35] among approximately fty people who attended a tradi-
tional, all-night Native American peyote ceremony in a
rural setting. This ceremony combined a psychedelic ex-
19.2.2 Early hippies (19581966) perience with traditional Native American spiritual val-
ues; these people went on to sponsor a unique genre of
During the late 1950s and early 1960s, novelist Ken Ke- musical expression and performance at the Red Dog Sa-
sey and the Merry Pranksters lived communally in Cal- loon in the isolated,[39]
old-time mining town of Virginia
ifornia. Members included Beat Generation hero Neal City, Nevada.
Cassady, Ken Babbs, Carolyn Adams (aka Mountain During the summer of 1965, Laughlin recruited much of
Girl/Carolyn Garcia), Stewart Brand, Del Close, Paul the original talent that led to a unique amalgam of tra-
Foster, George Walker, Sandy Lehmann-Haupt and oth- ditional folk music and the developing psychedelic rock
ers. Their early escapades were documented in Tom scene.[39] He and his cohorts created what became known
Wolfe's book The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. With Cas- as "The Red Dog Experience", featuring previously un-
sady at the wheel of a school bus named Further, the known musical acts Grateful Dead, Jeerson Airplane,
Merry Pranksters traveled across the United States to Big Brother and the Holding Company, Quicksilver Mes-
celebrate the publication of Keseys novel Sometimes a senger Service, The Charlatans, and others who played
Great Notion and to visit the 1964 Worlds Fair in New in the completely refurbished, intimate setting of Vir-
York City. The Merry Pranksters were known for using ginia Citys Red Dog Saloon. There was no clear de-
cannabis, amphetamine, and LSD, and during their jour- lineation between performers and audience in The
ney they turned on many people to these drugs. The Red Dog Experience, during which music, psychedelic
Merry Pranksters lmed and audio taped their bus trips, experimentation, a unique sense of personal style and Bill
creating an immersive multimedia experience that would Hams rst primitive light shows combined to create a
later be presented to the public in the form of festivals new sense of community.[40] Laughlin and George Hunter
and concerts. The Grateful Dead wrote a song about the of the Charlatans were true proto-hippies, with their
Merry Pranksters bus trips called Thats It for the Other long hair, boots and outrageous clothing of 19th-century
American (and Native American) heritage.[39] LSD man- all night long, orgiastic, spontaneous and completely free
ufacturer Owsley Stanley lived in Berkeley during 1965 form.[39]
and provided much of the LSD that became a seminal Some of the earliest San Francisco hippies were for-
part of the Red Dog Experience, the early evolution of mer students at San Francisco State College[48] who be-
psychedelic rock and budding hippie culture. At the Red came intrigued by the developing psychedelic hippie mu-
Dog Saloon, The Charlatans were the rst psychedelic sic scene.[39] These students joined the bands they loved,
rock band to play live (albeit unintentionally) loaded on living communally in the large, inexpensive Victorian
LSD.[41] apartments in the Haight-Ashbury.[49] Young Ameri-
When they returned to San Francisco, Red Dog partici- cans around the country began moving to San Fran-
pants Luria Castell, Ellen Harman and Alton Kelley cre- cisco, and by June 1966, around 15,000 hippies had
ated a collective called The Family Dog.[39] Modeled moved into the Haight.[50] The Charlatans, Jeerson
on their Red Dog experiences, on October 16, 1965, Airplane, Big Brother and the Holding Company, and
the Family Dog hosted "A Tribute to Dr. Strange" the Grateful Dead all moved to San Franciscos Haight-
at Longshoremans Hall.[42] Attended by approximately Ashbury neighborhood during this period. Activity cen-
1,000 of the Bay Areas original hippies, this was San tered around the Diggers, a guerrilla street theatre group
Franciscos rst psychedelic rock performance, costumed that combined spontaneous street theatre, anarchistic ac-
dance and light show, featuring Jeerson Airplane, The tion, and art happenings in their agenda to create a free
Great Society and The Marbles.[43] Two other events fol- city. By late 1966, the Diggers opened free stores which
lowed before years end, one at California Hall and one simply gave away their stock, provided free food, dis-
at the Matrix.[39] After the rst three Family Dog events, tributed free drugs, gave away money, organized free mu-
a much larger psychedelic event occurred at San Fran- sic concerts, and performed works of political art.[51]
ciscos Longshoremans Hall. Called The Trips Fes- On October 6, 1966, the state of California declared LSD
tival", it took place on January 21January 23, 1966, a controlled substance, which made the drug illegal.[52]
and was organized by Stewart Brand, Ken Kesey, Owsley In response to the criminalization of psychedelics, San
Stanley and others. Ten thousand people attended this Francisco hippies staged a gathering in the Golden Gate
sold-out event, with a thousand more turned away each Park panhandle, called the Love Pageant Rally,[52] at-
night.[44] On Saturday January 22, the Grateful Dead and tracting an estimated 700800 people.[53] As explained
Big Brother and the Holding Company came on stage, by Allan Cohen, co-founder of the San Francisco Ora-
and 6,000 people arrived to imbibe punch spiked with cle, the purpose of the rally was twofold: to draw atten-
LSD and to witness one of the rst fully developed light
tion to the fact that LSD had just been made illegal
shows of the era.[45] and to demonstrate that people who used LSD were not
It is nothing new. We have a private revolution going criminals, nor were they mentally ill. The Grateful Dead
on. A revolution of individuality and diversity that can played, and some sources claim that LSD was consumed
only be private. Upon becoming a group movement, such at the rally. According to Cohen, those who took LSD
a revolution ends up with imitators rather than partici- were not guilty of using illegal substances...We were cel-
pants...It is essentially a striving for realization of ones ebrating transcendental consciousness, the beauty of the
relationship to life and other people... universe, the beauty of being.[54]
Bob Stubbs, Unicorn Philosophy[46]
19.2.3 Summer of Love (1967)

By February 1966, the Family Dog became Family Dog
Productions under organizer Chet Helms, promoting hap-
Main article: Summer of Love
penings at the Avalon Ballroom and the Fillmore Audito-
rium in initial cooperation with Bill Graham. The Avalon
Ballroom, the Fillmore Auditorium and other venues pro- On January 14, 1967, the outdoor Human Be-In orga-
vided settings where participants could partake of the full nized by Michael Bowen[55] helped to popularize hip-
psychedelic music experience. Bill Ham, who had pio- pie culture across the United States, with 20,000 hip-
neered the original Red Dog light shows, perfected his pies gathering in San Franciscos Golden Gate Park. On
art of liquid light projection, which combined light shows March 26, Lou Reed, Edie Sedgwick and 10,000 hip-
and lm projection and became synonymous with the San pies came together in Manhattan for the Central Park
Francisco ballroom experience.[39][47] The sense of style Be-In on Easter Sunday.[56] The Monterey Pop Festival
and costume that began at the Red Dog Saloon ourished from June 16 to June 18 introduced the rock music of the
when San Franciscos Fox Theater went out of business counterculture to a wide audience and marked the start of
and hippies bought up its costume stock, reveling in the the Summer of Love.[57] Scott McKenzie's rendition of
freedom to dress up for weekly musical performances John Phillips' song, "San Francisco", became a hit in the
at their favorite ballrooms. As San Francisco Chronicle United States and Europe. The lyrics, If you're going
music columnist Ralph J. Gleason put it, They danced to San Francisco, be sure to wear some owers in your
hair, inspired thousands of young people from all over
19.2. HISTORY 93
the world to travel to San Francisco, sometimes wearing dropouts, inspiring him to give up LSD. Misgivings about
owers in their hair and distributing owers to passersby, the hippie culture, particularly with regard to drug abuse
earning them the name, "Flower Children". Bands like and lenient morality, fueled the moral panics of the late
the Grateful Dead, Big Brother and the Holding Com- 1960s.[66]
pany (with Janis Joplin), and Jeerson Airplane lived in
the Haight.
In June 1967, Herb Caen was approached by a distin- 19.2.4 Revolution (19671969)
guished magazine[58] to write about why hippies were at-
tracted to San Francisco. He declined the assignment but By 1968, hippie-inuenced fashions were beginning to
interviewed hippies in the Haight for his own newspaper take o in the mainstream, especially for youths and
column in the San Francisco Chronicle. Caen determined younger adults of the populous "Baby Boomer" gener-
that, Except in their music, they couldn't care less about ation, many of whom may have aspired to emulate the
the approval of the straight world.[58] Caen himself felt hardcore movements now living in tribalistic communes,
that the city of San Francisco was so straight that it pro- but had no overt connections to them. This was noticed
vided a visible contrast with hippie culture.[58] On July 7, not only in terms of clothes and also longer hair for men,
Time magazine featured a cover story entitled, The Hip- but also in music, lm, art, and literature, and not just
pies: The Philosophy of a Subculture. The article de- in the US, but around the world. Eugene McCarthy's
scribed the guidelines of the hippie code: Do your own brief presidential campaign successfully persuaded a sig-
thing, wherever you have to do it and whenever you want. nicant minority of young adults to get clean for Gene
Drop out. Leave society as you have known it. Leave it by shaving their beards or wearing longer skirts; however
utterly. Blow the mind of every straight person you can the Clean Genes had little impact on the popular im-
reach. Turn them on, if not to drugs, then to beauty, love, age in the media spotlight, of the hirsute hippy adorned
honesty, fun.[59] It is estimated that around 100,000 peo- in beads, feathers, owers and bells.
ple traveled to San Francisco in the summer of 1967. The
media was right behind them, casting a spotlight on the
Haight-Ashbury district and popularizing the hippie la-
bel. With this increased attention, hippies found support
for their ideals of love and peace but were also criticized
for their anti-work, pro-drug, and permissive ethos.
According to the hippies, LSD was the glue that held the
Haight together. It was the hippie sacrament, a mind de-
tergent capable of washing away years of social program-
ming, a re-imprinting device, a consciousness-expander,
a tool that would push us up the evolutionary ladder.
Jay Stevens[60]
At this point, The Beatles had released their groundbreak-

ing album Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band which
was quickly embraced by the hippie movement with its
colorful psychedelic sonic imagery.[61]
By the end of the summer, the Haight-Ashbury scene
had deteriorated. The incessant media coverage led
the Diggers to declare the death of the hippie with
a parade.[62][63][64] According to poet Susan 'Stormi'
Chambless, the hippies buried an egy of a hippie in
the Panhandle to demonstrate the end of his/her reign.
Haight-Ashbury could not accommodate the inux of
crowds (mostly naive youngsters) with no place to live.
Many took to living on the street, panhandling and drug-
dealing. There were problems with malnourishment, dis- Poster for the hippie exploitation lm Psych-Out
ease, and drug addiction. Crime and violence skyrock-
eted. None of these trends reected what the hippies
A sign of this was the visibility that the hippie subcul-
had envisioned.[65] By the end of 1967, many of the hip-
ture gained in various mainstream and underground me-
pies and musicians who initiated the Summer of Love
dia. Hippie exploitation lms are 1960s exploitation lms
had moved on. Beatle George Harrison had once vis-
about the hippie counterculture[67] with stereotypical sit-
ited Haight-Ashbury and found it to be just a haven for
uations associated with the movement such as cannabis
and LSD use, sex and wild psychedelic parties. Exam- under the slogan Let a Thousand Parks Bloom.
ples include The Love-ins, Psych-Out, The Trip, and Wild In August 1969, the Woodstock Music and Art Fair took
in the Streets. Other more serious and more critically ac- place in Bethel, New York, which for many, exemplied
claimed lms about the hippie counterculture also ap- the best of hippie counterculture. Over 500,000 peo-
peared such as Easy Rider and Alices Restaurant (for ple arrived[74] to hear some of the most notable musi-
more information on hippie related lms see List of lms cians and bands of the era, among them Canned Heat,
related to the hippie subculture). Documentaries and Richie Havens, Joan Baez, Janis Joplin, The Grate-
television programs have also been produced until today ful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Crosby, Stills,
as well as ction and nonction books. Also the popular
Nash & Young, Carlos Santana, Sly & The Family Stone,
broadway musical Hair was presented in 1967. The Who, Jeerson Airplane, and Jimi Hendrix. Wavy
People commonly label other cultural movements of that Gravy's Hog Farm provided security and attended to
period as Hippie, however it is important to know the dif- practical needs, and the hippie ideals of love and human
ference. For example, Hippies were often not directly fellowship seemed to have gained real-world expression.
engaged in politics, as opposed to their activist counter- Similar rock festivals occurred in other parts of the coun-
parts known as Yippies (Youth International Party).The try, which played a signicant role in spreading hippie
Yippies came to national attention during their celebra- ideals throughout America.[75]
tion of the 1968 spring equinox, when some 3,000 of In December 1969, a rock festival took place in
them took over Grand Central Terminal in New York Altamont, California, about 30 miles (45 km) east of
eventually resulting in 61 arrests. The Yippies, especially San Francisco. Initially billed as Woodstock West, its
their leaders Abbie Homan and Jerry Rubin, became ocial name was The Altamont Free Concert. About
notorious for their theatrics, such as trying to levitate the 300,000 people gathered to hear The Rolling Stones;
Pentagon at the October 1967 war protest, and such slo- Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young; Jeerson Airplane and
gans as Rise up and abandon the creeping meatball!" other bands. The Hells Angels provided security that
Their stated intention to protest the 1968 Democratic Na- proved far less benevolent than the security provided at
tional Convention in Chicago in August, including nomi- the Woodstock event: 18-year-old Meredith Hunter was
nating their own candidate, "Lyndon Pigasus Pig" (an ac- stabbed and killed during The Rolling Stones perfor-
tual pig), was also widely publicized in the media at this mance after he brandished a gun and waved it toward the
time.[68] In Cambridge, hippies congregated each Sunday stage.[76]
for a large be-in at Cambridge Park with swarms of
drummers and those beginning the Womens Movement.
In the US the Hippie movement started to be seen as part
of the "New Left" which was associated with anti-war 19.2.5 Aftershocks (1970present)
college campus protest movements.[69] The New Left was
a term used mainly in the United Kingdom and United By the 1970s, the 1960s zeitgeist that had spawned hippie
States in reference to activists, educators, agitators and culture seemed to be on the wane.[77][78][79] The events at
others in the 1960s and 1970s who sought to implement a Altamont Free Concert[80] shocked many Americans,[81]
broad range of reforms on issues such as gay rights, abor- including those who had strongly identied with hippie
tion, gender roles and drugs[69] in contrast to earlier leftist culture. Another shock came in the form of the Sharon
or Marxist movements that had taken a more vanguardist Tate and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca murders com-
approach to social justice and focused mostly on labor mitted in August 1969 by Charles Manson and his fam-
unionization and questions of social class.[70][71] ily of followers. Nevertheless, the turbulent political at-
mosphere that featured the bombing of Cambodia and
In April 1969, the building of Peoples Park in Berke- shootings by National Guardsmen at Jackson State Uni-
ley, California received international attention. The versity and Kent State University still brought people to-
University of California, Berkeley had demolished all the gether. These shootings inspired the May 1970 song
buildings on a 2.8-acre (11,000 m2 ) parcel near campus, by Quicksilver Messenger Service What About Me?",
intending to use the land to build playing elds and a park- where they sang, You keep adding to my numbers as you
ing lot. After a long delay, during which the site became shoot my people down, as well as Neil Young's "Ohio",
a dangerous eyesore, thousands of ordinary Berkeley cit- recorded by Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young.
izens, merchants, students, and hippies took matters into
their own hands, planting trees, shrubs, owers and grass Much of hippie style had been integrated into mainstream
to convert the land into a park. A major confrontation American society by the early 1970s.[82][83] Large rock
ensued on May 15, 1969, when Governor Ronald Rea- concerts that originated with the 1967 KFRC Fantasy
gan ordered the park destroyed, which led to a two-week Fair and Magic Mountain Music Festival and Monterey
occupation of the city of Berkeley by the California Na- Pop Festival and the 1968 Isle of Wight Festival became
tional Guard.[72][73] Flower power came into its own dur- the norm, evolving into stadium rock in the process. The
ing this occupation as hippies engaged in acts of civil dis- anti-war movement reached its peak at the 1971 May Day
obedience to plant owers in empty lots all over Berkeley Protests as over 12,000 protesters were arrested in Wash-
ington DC. President Nixon himself actually ventured out
19.3. ETHOS AND CHARACTERISTICS 95
Couple attending Snoqualmie Moondance Festival, Aug. 1993
Some are still around.

While many hippies made a long-term commitment to the
lifestyle, some people argue that hippies sold out dur-
ing the 1980s and became part of the materialist, con-
sumer culture.[88][89] Although not as visible as it once
was, hippie culture has never died out completely: hippies
and neo-hippies can still be found on college campuses,
on communes, and at gatherings and festivals. Many
embrace the hippie values of peace, love, and commu-
nity, and hippies may still be found in bohemian enclaves
around the world.[24]
Towards the end of the 20th century, a trend of cyber
Contemporary hippie at the Rainbow Gathering in Russia, 2005
hippies emerged, that embraced some of the qualities of
the 1960s psychedelic counterculture. The hippie subcul-
ture is also linked to the psychedelic trance or psytrance
of the White House and chatted with a group of the 'hip- scene, born out of the Goa scene in India.[90][91]
pie' protesters. The draft was ended soon thereafter, in
1973. During the mid 1970s, with the end of the draft and
the Vietnam War, a renewal of patriotic sentiment associ-
ated with the approach of the United States Bicentennial
19.3 Ethos and characteristics
and the emergence of punk in London, Manchester, New
York and Los Angeles, the mainstream media lost interest
in the hippie counterculture. At the same time there was
a revival of the Mod subculture, skinheads, teddy boys
and the emergence of new youth cultures, like the goths
(an arty oshoot of punk) and football casuals. Acid rock
gave way to prog rock, heavy metal, disco, and punk rock.
Starting in the late 1960s, hippies began to come un-
der attack by skinheads.[84][85][86] Hippies were also vil-
ied and sometimes attacked by punks, revivalist mods,
greasers, football casuals, Teddy boys, and members of
other youth subcultures of the 1970s and 1980s. The A hippie wearing tie-dyed clothes
countercultural movement was also under covert assault
by J. Edgar Hoover's infamous Counter Intelligence Pro- Hippies sought to free themselves from societal restric-
gram (COINTELPRO), but in some countries it was tions, choose their own way, and nd new meaning in
other youth groups that were a threat. Hippie ideals had a
life. One expression of hippie independence from so-
marked inuence on anarcho-punk and some post-punk cietal norms was found in their standard of dress and
youth subcultures, especially during the Second Summer grooming, which made hippies instantly recognizable
of Love. to one another, and served as a visual symbol of their
Hippie communes, where members tried to live the ideals respect for individual rights. Through their appear-
of the hippie movement continued to ourish. On the ance, hippies declared their willingness to question au-
west coast, Oregon had quite a few.[87] Some faded away. thority, and distanced themselves from the straight
and "square" (i.e., conformist) segments of society.[92] ated bubbling liquid visuals that pulsed in rhythm to the
Personality traits and values that hippies tend to be as- music. This was mixed with slideshows and lm loops
sociated with are "altruism and mysticism, honesty, joy to create an improvisational motion picture art form, and
and nonviolence".[93] to give visual representation to the improvisational jams
At the same time, many thoughtful hippies distanced of the rock bands and create a completely trippy atmo-
themselves from the very idea that the way a person sphere for the audience. The Brotherhood of Light were
dresses could be a reliable signal of who he or she was responsible for many of the light-shows in San Francisco
especially after outright criminals such as Charles Man- psychedelic rock concerts.
son began to adopt supercial hippie characteristics, and
also after plainclothes policemen started to dress like
hippies to divide and conquer legitimate members of
the counterculture. Frank Zappa, known for lampoon-
ing hippie ethos, particularly with songs like "Who Needs
the Peace Corps?" (1968), admonished his audience that
we all wear a uniform. The San Francisco clown/hippie
Wavy Gravy said in 1987 that he could still see fellow-
feeling in the eyes of Market Street businessmen who had
dressed conventionally to survive.
19.3.1 Art and fashion
See also: Psychedelia

Leading proponents of the 1960s Psychedelic Art
No. 1 of the cult underground comic strip The Fabulous Furry

Freak Brothers which dealt with the adventures and lifestyles of
three ctional hippies
A 1967 VW Kombi bus decorated with hand-painting

Out of the psychedelic counterculture there also arose a
movement were San Francisco poster artists such as: new genre of comic books: underground comix. Zap
Rick Grin, Victor Moscoso, Bonnie MacLean, Stanley Comix was among the original underground comics,
Mouse & Alton Kelley, and Wes Wilson. Their and featured the work of Robert Crumb, S. Clay Wil-
Psychedelic Rock concert posters were inspired by Art son, Victor Moscoso, Rick Grin, and Robert Williams
Nouveau, Victoriana, Dada, and Pop Art. The Fillmore among others. Underground Comix were ribald, in-
Posters were among the most notable of the time. Richly tensely satirical, and seemed to pursue weirdness for the
saturated colors in glaring contrast, elaborately ornate sake of weirdness. Gilbert Shelton created perhaps the
lettering, strongly symmetrical composition, collage el- most enduring of underground cartoon characters, The
ements, rubber-like distortions, and bizarre iconography Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers", whose drugged-out ex-
are all hallmarks of the San Francisco psychedelic poster ploits held a hilarious mirror up to the hippy lifestyle of
art style. The style ourished from roughly the years 1966 the 1960s.
to 1972. Their work was immediately inuential to album As in the beat movement preceding them, and the punk
cover art, and indeed all of the aforementioned artists movement that followed soon after, hippie symbols and
also created album covers. Psychedelic light-shows were iconography were purposely borrowed from either low
a new art-form developed for rock concerts. Using oil or primitive cultures, with hippie fashion reecting a
and dye in an emulsion that was set between large convex disorderly, often vagrant style.[94] As with other adoles-
lenses upon overhead projectors, the lightshow artists cre- cent, white middle-class movements, deviant behavior of
the hippies involved challenging the prevailing gender a more popular attempt at answering the publics curios-
dierences of their time: both men and women in the hip- ity regarding such matters. Then in 1972 appeared The
pie movement wore jeans and maintained long hair,[95] Joy of Sex by Alex Comfort, reecting an even more can-
and both genders wore sandals or went barefoot.[50] Men did perception of love-making. By this time, the recre-
often wore beards,[96] while women wore little or no ational or 'fun' aspects of sexual behavior were being dis-
makeup, with many going braless.[50] Hippies often chose cussed more openly than ever before, and this more 'en-
brightly colored clothing and wore unusual styles, such lightened' outlook resulted not just from the publication
as bell-bottom pants, vests, tie-dyed garments, dashikis, of such new books as these, but from a more pervasive
peasant blouses, and long, full skirts; non-Western in- sexual revolution that had already been well underway for
spired clothing with Native American, Asian, Indian, some time.[98]
African and Latin American motifs were also popular.
The hippies inherited various countercultural views and
Much hippie clothing was self-made in deance of cor- practices regarding sex and love from the Beat Gener-
porate culture, and hippies often purchased their clothes
ation; their writings inuenced the hippies to open up
from ea markets and second-hand shops.[96] Favored when it came to sex, and to experiment without guilt or
accessories for both men and women included Native jealousy.[99] One popular hippie slogan that appeared
American jewelry, head scarves, headbands and long was If it feels good, do it!"[98] which for many meant
beaded necklaces.[50] Hippie homes, vehicles and other you were free to love whomever you pleased, whenever
possessions were often decorated with psychedelic art. you pleased, however you pleased. This encouraged
The bold colors, hand-made clothing and loose tting spontaneous sexual activity and experimentation. Group
clothes opposed the tight and uniform clothing of the sex, public sex... homosexuality under the inuence of
1940s and 1950s. It also rejected consumerism in that drugs, all the taboos went out the window. This doesn't
the hand-production of clothing called for self-eciency mean that straight sex... or monogamy were unknown,
and individuality.[97] quite the contrary. Nevertheless, the open relationship
became an accepted part of the hippy lifestyle. This
19.3.2 Love and sex meant that you might have a primary relationship with
one person, but if another attracted you, you could ex-
See also: Free love plore that relationship without rancor or jealousy.[98]
The common stereotype on the issues of love and sex Hippies embraced the old slogan of free love of the radi-
cal social reformers of other eras; it was accordingly ob-
served that Free love made the whole love, marriage, sex,
baby package obsolete. Love was no longer limited to one
person, you could love anyone you chose. In fact love was
something you shared with everyone, not just your sex
partners. Love exists to be shared freely. We also dis-
covered the more you share, the more you get! So why
reserve your love for a select few? This profound truth
was one of the great hippie revelations.[98] Sexual ex-
perimentation alongside psychedelics also occurred, due
to the perception of their being uninhibitors.[100] Others
explored the spiritual aspects of sex.[101]
Oz number 28, also known as the "Schoolkids issue of OZ", which 19.3.3 Travel
was the main cause of a 1971 high-prole obscenity case in the
United Kingdom. Oz was a UK underground publication with a Hippies tended to travel light, and could pick up and go
general hippie / counter-cultural point of view. wherever the action was at any time. Whether at a love-
in on Mount Tamalpais near San Francisco, a demon-
had it that the hippies were "promiscuous, having wild stration against the Vietnam War in Berkeley, or one of
sex orgies, seducing innocent teenagers and every manner Ken Kesey's Acid Tests, if the vibe wasn't right and
of sexual perversion.[98] The hippie movement appeared a change of scene was desired, hippies were mobile at
concurrently in the midst of a rising sexual revolution, in a moments notice. Planning was eschewed, as hippies
which many views of the status quo on this subject were were happy to put a few clothes in a backpack, stick out
being challenged. their thumbs and hitchhike anywhere. Hippies seldom
The clinical study Human Sexual Response was published worried whether they had money, hotel reservations or
by Masters and Johnson in 1966, and the topic suddenly any of the other standard accoutrements of travel. Hippie
became more commonplace in America. The 1969 book households welcomed overnight guests on an impromptu
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex (But basis, and the reciprocal nature of the lifestyle permitted
Were Afraid to Ask) by psychiatrist David Reuben was greater freedom of movement. People generally cooper-
entire families traveled together in their trucks and buses,

parked at Renaissance Pleasure Faire sites in Southern
and Northern California, worked their crafts during the
week, and donned Elizabethan costume for weekend per-
formances, and to attend booths where handmade goods
were sold to the public. The sheer number of young peo-
ple living at the time made for unprecedented travel op-
portunities to special happenings. The peak experience
of this type was the Woodstock Festival near Bethel, New
York, from August 15 to 18, 1969, which drew between
400,000 to 500,000 people.[105][106]
Hand-crafted Hippie Truck, 1968 Hippie trail
Main article: Hippie trail

ated to meet each others needs in ways that became less
common after the early 1970s.[102] This way of life is still
One travel experience, undertaken by hundreds of thou-
seen among Rainbow Family groups, new age travellers
[103] sands of hippies between 1969 and 1971, was the Hippie
and New Zealands housetruckers.
trail overland route to India. Carrying little or no lug-
gage, and with small amounts of cash, almost all followed
the same route, hitch-hiking across Europe to Athens and
on to Istanbul, then by train through central Turkey via
Erzurum, continuing by bus into Iran, via Tabriz and
Tehran to Mashhad, across the Afghan border into Herat,
through southern Afghanistan via Kandahar to Kabul,
over the Khyber Pass into Pakistan, via Rawalpindi and
Lahore to the Indian frontier. Once in India, hippies went
to many dierent destinations, but gathered in large num-
bers on the beaches of Goa and Kovalam in Trivandrum
(Kerala),[107] or crossed the border into Nepal to spend
months in Kathmandu. In Kathmandu, most of the hip-
pies hung out in the tranquil surroundings of a place called
Freak Street,[108] (Nepal Bhasa: Jhoo Chhen) which still
exists near Kathmandu Durbar Square.
19.3.4 Spirituality and religion

See also: Dudeism and Jesus movement
Many hippies rejected mainstream organized religion in

favor of a more personal spiritual experience, often draw-
ing on indigenous and folk beliefs. If they adhered
to mainstream faiths, hippies were likely to embrace
Buddhism, Unitarian Universalism, Hinduism and the
restorationist Christianity of the Jesus Movement. Some
Hippie Truck interior hippies embraced neo-paganism, especially Wicca.[109]
In his 1991 book, Punk and American Values, Tim-
A derivative of this free-ow style of travel were the hip-othy Miller described the hippie ethos as essentially a
pie trucks and buses, hand-crafted mobile houses built on religious movement whose goal was to transcend the
a truck or bus chassis to facilitate a nomadic lifestyle, as
limitations of mainstream religious institutions. Like
documented in the 1974 book Roll Your Own.[104] Some many dissenting religions, the hippies were enormously
of these mobile gypsy houses were quite elaborate, with hostile to the religious institutions of the dominant cul-
beds, toilets, showers and cooking facilities. ture, and they tried to nd new and adequate ways to do
On the West Coast, a unique lifestyle developed around the tasks the dominant religions failed to perform.[110] In
the Renaissance Faires that Phyllis and Ron Patterson rst his seminal, contemporaneous work, The Hippie Trip,
organized in 1963. During the summer and fall months, author Lewis Yablonsky notes that those who were most
respected in hippie settings were the spiritual leaders, the developed, its inspired by The Dude, the neo-hippie
so-called high priests who emerged during that era.[111] protagonist of the Coen Brothers' 1998 lm The Big
Lebowski. Dudeisms stated primary objective is to pro-
mote a modern form of Chinese Taoism, outlined in Tao
Te Ching by Laozi (6th century BC), blended with con-
cepts by the Ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus (341-
270 BC), and presented in a style as personied by the
character of Jerey The Dude Lebowski, a ctional
hippie character portrayed by Je Bridges in the lm.[119]
Dudeism has sometimes been regarded as a mock reli-
gion,[120][121] though its founder and many adherents re-
gard it seriously.[122][123][124][125]
19.3.5 Politics
Timothy Leary, family and band on a lecture tour at State Uni- See also: Make love, not war and Turn on, tune in, drop
versity of New York at Bualo in 1969 out
The hippies were heirs to a long line of bohemians that
One such hippie high priest was San Francisco State
University Professor Stephen Gaskin. Beginning in 1966,
Gaskins Monday Night Class eventually outgrew the
lecture hall, and attracted 1,500 hippie followers in an
open discussion of spiritual values, drawing from Chris-
tian, Buddhist, and Hindu teachings. In 1970 Gaskin
founded a Tennessee community called The Farm, and
he still lists his religion as Hippie.[112][113][114]
Timothy Leary was an American psychologist and writer,
known for his advocacy of psychedelic drugs. On
September 19, 1966, Leary founded the League for Spiri-
tual Discovery, a religion declaring LSD as its holy sacra-
ment, in part as an unsuccessful attempt to maintain le-
gal status for the use of LSD and other psychedelics for Iconic photo of a female demonstrator oering a ower to a
the religions adherents based on a freedom of religion Military Police ocer during an anti-war protest on October 21,
argument. The Psychedelic Experience was the inspira- 1967
tion for John Lennon's song "Tomorrow Never Knows"
in The Beatles' album Revolver.[115] He published a pam- includes William Blake, Walt Whitman, Ralph Waldo
Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Herman Hesse, Arthur
phlet in 1967 called Start Your Own Religion to encour-
age just that[116] and was invited to attend the January Rimbaud, Oscar Wilde, Aldous Huxley, utopian move-
ments like the Rosicrucians and the Theosophists, and
14, 1967 Human Be-In a gathering of 30,000 hippies
in San Franciscos Golden Gate Park In speaking to the most directly the Beatniks. Hippies emerged from a so-
ciety that had produced birth-control pills, a counterpro-
group, he coined the famous phrase "Turn on, tune in,
drop out".[117] The English magician Aleister Crowley be- ductive war in Vietnam, the liberation and idealism of
the civil rights movement, feminism, homosexual rights,
came an inuential icon to the new alternative spiritual
movements of the decade as well as for rock musicians. FM radio, mass-produced LSD, a strong economy, and a
The Beatles included him as one of the many gures on huge number of baby-boom teenagers. These elements
the cover sleeve of their 1967 album Sgt. Peppers Lonely allowed the hippies to have a mainstream impact that
Hearts Club Band while Jimmy Page, the guitarist of The dwarfed that of the Beats and earlier avant-garde cul-
Yardbirds and co-founder of 1970s rock band Led Zep- tures.
pelin was fascinated by Crowley, and owned some of his In Defense of Hippies by Danny Goldberg[109]
clothing, manuscripts and ritual objects, and during the
1970s bought Boleskine House, which also appears in the For the historian of the anarchist movement Ronald
bands movie The Song Remains the Same. On the back Creagh, the hippie movement could be considered as
cover of the Doors 13 album, Jim Morrison and the other the last spectacular resurgence of utopian socialism.[126]
members of the Doors are shown posing with a bust of For Creagh, a characteristic of this is the desire for the
Aleister Crowley. Timothy Leary also openly acknowl- transformation of society not through political revolu-
edged Crowleys inspiration.[118] tion, or through reformist action pushed forward by the
After the hippie era, the Dudeist philosophy and lifestyle state, but through the creation of a counter-society of
a socialist character in the midst of the current system,

which will be made up of ideal communities of a more or
less libertarian social form.[126]
The peace symbol was developed in the UK as a logo for
the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, and was em-
braced by U.S. anti-war protesters during the 1960s. Hip-
pies were often pacists, and participated in non-violent
political demonstrations, such as civil rights marches, the
marches on Washington D.C., and antiVietnam War
demonstrations, including draft-card burnings and the
1968 Democratic National Convention protests.[127] The
degree of political involvement varied widely among hip-
pies, from those who were active in peace demonstra-
tions, to the more anti-authority street theater and demon-
strations of the Yippies, the most politically active hippie
sub-group.[128] Bobby Seale discussed the dierences be-
tween Yippies and hippies with Jerry Rubin, who told him
that Yippies were the political wing of the hippie move-
ment, as hippies have not necessarily become political
yet. Regarding the political activity of hippies, Rubin Tahquitz Canyon, Palm Springs, California, 1969, sharing a
said, They mostly prefer to be stoned, but most of them joint
want peace, and they want an end to this stu.[129]
In addition to non-violent political demonstrations, hippie
adverse to the hippie goals of peace, love and freedom...
opposition to the Vietnam War included organizing polit-
Hippies don't impose their beliefs on others. Instead,
ical action groups to oppose the war, refusal to serve in
hippies seek to change the world through reason and by
the military and conducting "teach-ins" on college cam-
living what they believe.[134]
puses that covered Vietnamese history and the larger po-
litical context of the war.[130] The political ideals of hippies inuenced other move-
ments, such as anarcho-punk, rave culture, green politics,
Scott McKenzies 1967 rendition of John Phillips song
stoner culture and the New Age movement. Penny Rim-
"San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)",
baud of the English anarcho-punk band Crass said in in-
which helped to inspire the hippie Summer of Love, be-
terviews, and in an essay called The Last Of The Hippies,
came a homecoming song for all Vietnam veterans arriv-
that Crass was formed in memory of his friend, Wally
ing in San Francisco from 1967 onward. McKenzie has
Hope.[135] Crass had its roots in Dial House, which was
dedicated every American performance of San Fran-
established in 1967 as a commune.[136] Some punks were
cisco to Vietnam veterans, and he sang in 2002 at the
often critical of Crass for their involvement in the hip-
20th anniversary of the dedication of the Vietnam Vet-
pie movement. Like Crass, Jello Biafra was inuenced
erans Memorial. Hippie political expression often took
by the hippie movement, and cited the yippies as a key
the form of dropping out of society to implement the
inuence on his political activism and thinking, though
changes they sought.
he also wrote songs critical of hippies.[137][138]
Politically motivated movements aided by hippies include
the back to the land movement of the 1960s, cooperative
business enterprises, alternative energy, the free press 19.3.6 Drugs
movement, and organic farming.[83][131] The San Fran-
cisco group known as the Diggers articulated an inuen-
See also: Spiritual use of cannabis and History of LSD
tial radical criticism of contemporary mass consumer so-
ciety, and so they opened free stores which simply gave
away their stock, provided free food, distributed free Following in the footsteps of the Beats, many hippies
drugs, gave away money, organized free music concerts, used cannabis (marijuana), considering it pleasurable and
and performed works of political art.[51] The Diggers took benign. They enlarged their spiritual pharmacopeia to
their name from the original English Diggers (164950) include hallucinogens such as peyote, LSD, psilocybin
led by Gerrard Winstanley,[132] and they sought to create mushrooms and DMT, while often renouncing the use of
a mini-society free of money and capitalism.[133] alcohol. On the East Coast of the United States, Harvard
University professors Timothy Leary, Ralph Metzner
Such activism was ideally carried through anti-
and Richard Alpert (Ram Dass) advocated psychotropic
authoritarian and non-violent means; thus it was
drugs for psychotherapy, self-exploration, religious and
observed that The way of the hippie is antithetical to all
spiritual use. Regarding LSD, Leary said, Expand your
repressive hierarchical power structures since they are
consciousness and nd ecstasy and revelation within.[139]
19.4. LEGACY 101
On the West Coast of the United States, Ken Kesey was

an important gure in promoting the recreational use
of psychotropic drugs, especially LSD, also known as
acid. By holding what he called "Acid Tests", and tour-
ing the country with his band of Merry Pranksters, Ke-
sey became a magnet for media attention that drew many
young people to the edgling movement. The Grateful
Dead (originally billed as The Warlocks) played some
of their rst shows at the Acid Tests, often as high on
LSD as their audiences. Kesey and the Pranksters had a
vision of turning on the world.[139] Harder drugs, such
as cocaine, amphetamines and heroin, were also some-
times used in hippie settings; however, these drugs were
often disdained, even among those who used them, be-
cause they were recognized as harmful and addictive.[140]
In the 1960s the hippies heyday, it is believed drugs were
running rampant and little was done to enforce drug laws.
This stereotype is vastly untrue, by 1969 only 4% of
Americans had even tried marijuana. In reality very few
people consumed drugs.[141]
19.4 Legacy
See also: List of books and publications related to the
hippie subculture and List of lms related to the hippie
subculture A hippie (with a holstered squirt gun) in Stockholm, Sweden, in
August 1971
Newcomers to the Internet are often startled to discover

themselves not so much in some soulless colony of tech- mediate legacies of hippies worldwide.[96][150] During
nocrats as in a kind of cultural Brigadoon - a owering the 1960s and 1970s, mustaches, beards and long hair
remnant of the '60s, when hippie communalism and lib- became more commonplace and colorful, while multi-
ertarian politics formed the roots of the modern cyber- ethnic clothing dominated the fashion world. Since
revolution... that time, a wide range of personal appearance options
Stewart Brand, We Owe It All To The Hippies.[142] and clothing styles, including nudity, have become more
widely acceptable, all of which was uncommon before
the hippie era.[150][151] Hippies also inspired the decline
The legacy of the hippie movement continues to perme- in popularity of the necktie and other business clothing,
ate Western society.[143] In general, unmarried couples which had been unavoidable for men during the 1950s
of all ages feel free to travel and live together without and early 1960s. Additionally, hippie fashion itself has
societal disapproval.[83][144] Frankness regarding sexual been commonplace in the years since the 1960s in cloth-
matters has become more common, and the rights of ing and accessories, particularly the peace symbol.[152]
homosexual, bisexual and transsexual people, as well as Astrology, including everything from serious study to
people who choose not to categorize themselves at all, whimsical amusement regarding personal traits, was in-
have expanded.[145] Religious and cultural diversity has tegral to hippie culture.[153] The generation of the 1970s
gained greater acceptance.[146] Co-operative business en- became inuenced by the hippie and the 60s countercul-
terprises and creative community living arrangements are tural legacy. As such in New York City musicians and au-
more accepted than before.[147] Some of the little hip- diences from the female, homosexual, black, and Latino
pie health food stores of the 1960s and 1970s are now communities adopted several traits from the hippies and
large-scale, protable businesses, due to greater inter- psychedelia. They included overwhelming sound, free-
est in natural foods, herbal remedies, vitamins and other form dancing, weird lighting, colorful costumes, and
nutritional supplements.[148] Authors Stewart Brand and hallucinogens.[154][155][156] Psychedelic soul groups like
John Marko argue that the development and popular- the Chambers Brothers and especially Sly and The Fam-
ization of personal computers and the Internet nd one ily Stone inuenced proto-disco acts such as Isaac Hayes,
of their primary roots in the anti-authoritarian ethos pro- Willie Hutch and the Philadelphia Sound.[157] In addition,
moted by hippie culture.[142][149] the perceived positivity, lack of irony, and earnestness of
Distinct appearance and clothing was one of the im- the hippies informed proto-disco music like M.F.S.B.'s
album Love Is the Message.[154][158] Carlos Santana[161]
The Burning Man festival began in 1986 at a San Fran-

cisco beach party and is now held in the Black Rock
Desert northeast of Reno, Nevada. Although few par-
ticipants would accept the hippie label, Burning Man is
a contemporary expression of alternative community in
the same spirit as early hippie events. The gathering
becomes a temporary city (36,500 occupants in 2005,
50,000+ in 2011), with elaborate encampments, displays,
and many art cars. Other events that enjoy a large at-
tendance include the Rainbow Family Gatherings, The
Gathering of the Vibes, Community Peace Festivals, and
the Woodstock Festivals.
As a hippie, Ken Westereld helped to popularize the alternative In the UK, there are many new age travellers who are
sport of Frisbee in the 1960s-70s, that has become todays disc known as hippies to outsiders, but prefer to call them-
sports. selves the Peace Convoy. They started the Stonehenge
Free Festival in 1974, but English Heritage later banned
The hippie legacy in literature includes the lasting popu- the festival in 1985, resulting in the Battle of the Bean-
larity of books reecting the hippie experience, such as eld. With Stonehenge banned as a festival site, new
The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test.[159] In music, the folk age travellers gather at the annual Glastonbury Fes-
rock and psychedelic rock popular among hippies evolved tival. Today, hippies in the UK can be found in
into genres such as acid rock, world beat and heavy metal parts of South West England, such as Bristol (partic-
music. Psychedelic trance (also known as psytrance) is a ularly the neighborhoods of Montpelier, Stokes Croft,
type of electronic music inuenced by 1960s psychedelic St Werburghs, Bishopston, Easton and Totterdown),
rock. The tradition of hippie music festivals began in the Glastonbury in Somerset, Totnes in Devon, and Stroud in
United States in 1965 with Ken Keseys Acid Tests, where Gloucestershire, as well as areas of London and Brighton.
the Grateful Dead played tripping on LSD and initiated In the summer, many hippies and those of similar subcul-
psychedelic jamming. For the next several decades, many tures gather at numerous outdoor festivals in the country-
hippies and neo-hippies became part of the Deadhead side.
community, attending music and art festivals held around
In New Zealand between 1976 and 1981 tens of thou-
the country. The Grateful Dead toured continuously, with
sands of hippies gathered from around the world on large
few interruptions between 1965 and 1995. Phish and
farms around Waihi and Waikino for music and alterna-
their fans (called Phish Heads) operated in the same man-
tives festivals. Named Nambassa, the festivals focused on
ner, with the band touring continuously between 1983
peace, love, and a balanced lifestyle. The events featured
and 2004. Many contemporary bands performing at hip-
practical workshops and displays advocating alternative
pie festivals and their derivatives are called jam bands,
lifestyles, self suciency, clean and sustainable energy
since they play songs that contain long instrumentals sim-
and sustainable living.[162]
ilar to the original hippie bands of the 1960s.[160]
With the demise of Grateful Dead and Phish, nomadic
touring hippies attend a growing series of summer festi-
vals, the largest of which is called the Bonnaroo Music
& Arts Festival, which premiered in 2002. The Oregon
Country Fair is a three-day festival featuring handmade
crafts, educational displays and costumed entertainment.
The annual Starwood Festival, founded in 1981, is a
seven-day event indicative of the spiritual quest of hippies
through an exploration of non-mainstream religions and
world-views, and has oered performances and classes
by a variety of hippie and counter-culture icons.
The '60s were a leap in human consciousness. Mahatma
Gandhi, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Che Guevara, Hippies at the Nambassa 1981 Festival in New Zealand
they led a revolution of conscience. The Beatles, The
Doors, Jimi Hendrix created revolution and evolution In the UK and Europe, the years 1987 to 1989 were
themes. The music was like Dal, with many colors and marked by a large-scale revival of many characteristics of
revolutionary ways. The youth of today must go there to the hippie movement. This later movement, composed
nd themselves. mostly of people aged 18 to 25, adopted much of the
19.5. SEE ALSO 103
original hippie philosophy of love, peace and freedom. ethos, from its take it easy attitude and rebel shrug, to
The summer of 1988 became known as the Second Sum- its come-as-you-are sense of individual freedom and ex-
mer of Love. Although the music favored by this move- pression. Dudeism is very much inuenced by the hip-
ment was modern electronic music, especially house mu- pie movement, maintaining that the revolution is not
sic and acid house, one could often hear songs from the over,[168] that it actually began a very long time ago, and
original hippie era in the chill out rooms at raves. In will continue far into the future. Dudeist literature even
the UK, many of the well-known gures of this move- claims that Dudeism has provided a contemporary spiri-
ment rst lived communally in Stroud Green, an area of tual home for the hippie philosophy.[169]
north London located in Finsbury Park. In 1995, The
Sekhmet Hypothesis attempted to link both hippie and
rave culture together in relation to transactional analysis, 19.5 See also
suggesting that rave culture was a social archetype based
on the mood of friendly strength, compared to the gen-
Beat Generation
tle hippie archetype, based on friendly weakness.[163] The
later electronic dance genres known as goa trance and Beatnik
psychedelic trance and its related events and culture have
important hippie legacies and neo hippie elements. The Counterculture of the 1960s
popular DJ of the genre Goa Gil, like other hippies from Freak scene
the 1960s, decided to leave the US and Western Europe to
travel on the hippie trail and later developing psychedelic Indomania
parties and music in the Indian island of Goa in which the
goa and psytrance genres were born and exported around List of historic rock festivals
the world in the 1990s and 2000s.[164] Pacism
Sexual revolution
Simple living
Summer of Love
Food Not Bombs
Rastafari
Anti-globalization movement
Goa Gil, original 1960s hippie who later became a pioneering 19.6 References
electronic dance music DJ and party organizer, here appearing
in the 2001 lm Last Hippie Standing [1] To say I'm hip to the situation means I'm aware of the
situation. See: Sheidlower, Jesse (2004-12-08), Crying
Popular lms depicting the hippie ethos and lifestyle in- Wolof: Does the word hip really hail from a West African
clude Woodstock, Easy Rider, Hair, The Doors, Across the language?, Slate Magazine, retrieved 2007-05-07
Universe, Taking Woodstock, and Crumb. [2] Online Etymology Dictionary. Etymonline.com. Re-
In 2002, photojournalist John Bassett McCleary pub- trieved 2014-02-03.
lished a 650-page, 6,000-entry unabridged slang dictio-
[3] Hep - Denition and More from the Free Merriam-
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and 1970s. The book was revised and expanded to 700
pages in 2004.[165][166] McCleary believes that the hip- [4] The attendance at the third Pop Festival at...Isle of Wight,
pie counterculture added a signicant number of words England on 30 Aug 1970 was claimed by its promoters,
to the English language by borrowing from the lexicon of Fiery Creations, to be 400,000. The Guinness book of
Records - 1987, (p91), Editor Russell, Alan. Guinness
the Beat Generation, through the hippies shortening of
Books, 1986 ISBN 0851124399
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In 2005, journalist Oliver Benjamin founded The Church [5] Purcell, Fernando; Alfredo Riquelme (2009). Ampliando
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[8] Harry The Hipster Gibson (1986), Everybodys Crazy included several distinct groups...One group, called the
But Me646456456654151, The Hipster Story, Progressive New Left...Another broad group called...the Civil Rights
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[10] Rexroth, Kenneth. (1961). "Whats Wrong with the
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[29] Stolley 1998, pp. 137.
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"...where people share things, and we don't need money;
[14] Gilliland, John (1969). Show 42 - The Acid Test: where you have the machines for the people. A free soci-
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they symbolically represented, citing Joan Didion, Diane psychedelics. Marijuana is one of the best aphrodisiacs
Sawyer, and Time. Bugliosi admits that although the Man- known to man. It enhances the senses, unlike alcohol,
son murders may have hastened the end of the hippie which dulls them. As any hippie can tell you, sex is a
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[150] Connikie, Yvonne. (1990). Fashions of a Decade: The
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[153] The musical Hair and a multitude of well known contem-
[131] Turner 2006, pp. 3239. porary song lyrics such as The Age of Aquarius
[132] Overview: who were (are) the Diggers?". The Digger [154] Disco Double Take: New York Parties Like Its 1975.
Archives. Retrieved 2007-06-17. Village Voice.com. Retrieved on August 9, 2009.
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longed to marginalized communities: women, gay, black, [169] A New Home for Lost Hippies July 2010 Dudespaper
and Latinos
[156] (2002) Traces of the Spirit: The Religious Dimensions of 19.7 Further reading and re-
Popular Music, ISBN 978-0-8147-9809-6, ISBN 978-0-
8147-9809-6, p.117: New York City was the primary sources
center of disco, and the original audience was primarily
gay African Americans and Latinos. Binkley, Sam. (2002). Hippies. St. James Encyclo-
[157] Psychedelic Soul Allmusic
pedia of Pop Culture. FindArticles.com.
Booth, Martin (2004), Cannabis: A History, St.
[158] But the pre-Saturday Night Fever dance underground was
actually sweetly earnest and irony-free in its hippie-dippie Martins Press, ISBN 0-312-32220-8.
positivity, as evinced by anthems like M.F.S.B.'s 'Love Is Brand, Stewart. (Spring, 1995). We Owe it All to
the Message.'" -- Village Voice, 10 July 2001.
the Hippies. Time.
[159] Bryan, C. d. b. (1968-08-18), 'The Pump House Gang' Bugliosi, Vincent; Gentry, Curt (1994), Helter Skel-
and 'The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test', The New York
ter, V. W. Norton & Company, Inc., ISBN 0-393-
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32223-8.
[160] JamBands.com - What is a Jam Band? Retrieved from
Dudley, William, ed. (2000), The 1960s (Americas
Internet Archive 23 December 2013.
decades), San Diego: Greenhaven Press..
[161] Carlos Santana: Im Immortal interview by Punto Digital,
Gaskin, Stephen. (1970). Monday Night Class. The
October 13, 2010
Book Farm. ISBN 1-57067-181-8.
[162] Nambassa: A New Direction, edited by Colin Broadley
Heath, Joseph; Potter, Andrew (2004), Nation of
and Judith Jones, A. H. & A. W. Reed, 1979. ISBN 0-
589-01216-9
Rebels: Why Counterculture Became Consumer Cul-
ture, Collins, ISBN 0-06-074586-X.
[163] The Sekhmet Hypothesis, Iain Spence, 1995, Basts Blend.
ISBN 0952536501
Grunenberg, Christoph; Harris, Jonathan (2005),
Summer of Love: Psychedelic Art, Social Crisis and
[164] In 1969, Gilbert Levy left the Haigh Ashbury district Counterculture in the 1960s, Liverpool University
of San Francisco and took the overland trail through Press, ISBN 0-85323-929-0.
Afganistan and PAkistan, rst to Bombay and then to
Goa...Throughout the 1970s, Gil organized legendary par- Hirsch, E.D. (1993), The Dictionary of Cultural Lit-
ties at Anjuna- moonlight jams of non-stop music, danc- eracy, Houghton Miin, ISBN 0-395-65597-8.
ing and chemical experimentation that lasted from Christ-
mas Eve to New Years Day for a tribe of fellow over-
Katz, Jack (1988), Seductions of Crime: Moral
land travellers who called themselves the Goa Freaks...In and Sensual Attractions in Doing Evil, Basic Books,
the 90s, Gil started to use snippets from industrial mu- ISBN 0-465-07616-5.
sic, etno techno, acid house and psychedelic rock to help
Kent, Stephen A. (2001). From slogans to mantras:
create Goa Trance, dance music with a heavy spiritual ac-
cent...For Goa Gil, Goa Trance is a logical continuation social protest and religious conversion in the late Viet-
of what hippies were doing back in the 60s and 70s. The nam war era. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 0-
Psychedelic Revolution never really stopped he said, " it 8156-2923-0
just had to go halfway round the world to the end of a
Kennedy, Gordon (1998), Children of the Sun: A
dirt road on a deserted beach, and there it was allowed
to evolve and mutate, without government or media pres- Pictorial Anthology From Germany To California,
sures. Time Out: Mumbai and Goa. Time Out Guides 18831949, Nivaria Press, ISBN 0-9668898-0-0.
Ltd. London. 2011 pg. 184
Lattin, Don (2004), Following Our Bliss: How the
[165] McCleary, John Bassett. The Hippie Dictionary: A Cul- Spiritual Ideals of the Sixties Shape Our Lives Today,
tural Encyclopedia of the 1960s and 1970s, Ten Speed HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-073063-3.
Press, 2004. ISBN 1580085474
Mankin, Bill. (2012) We Can All Join In: How Rock
[166] Gates, David (2004-07-12), Me Talk Hippie, Festivals Helped Change America. Like the Dew.
Newsweek, retrieved 2008-01-27
Lee, Martin A.; Shlain, Bruce (1992), Acid Dreams:
[167] Merritt, Byron (August 2004), A Groovy Interview with The Complete Social History of LSD: The CIA, the
Author John McCleary, Fiction Writers of the Monterey Sixties, and Beyond, Grove Press, ISBN 0-8021-
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19.7. FURTHER READING AND RESOURCES 109
Lemke-Santangelo, Gretchen (2009), Daughters of Tompkins, Vincent, ed. (2001a), Assimilation of

Aquarius: Women of the Sixties Counterculture, Uni- the Counterculture, American Decades, 8: 1970
versity Press of Kansas, ISBN 978-0700616336. 1979, Detroit: Thomson Gale.
Lytle, Mark H. (2006), Americas Uncivil Wars: The Tompkins, Vincent, ed. (2001b), Hippies, Amer-
Sixties Era from Elvis to the Fall of Richard Nixon, ican Decades, 7: 19601969, Detroit: Thomson
Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-517496-8. Gale.
McCleary, John (2004), The Hippie Dictionary, Ten Turner, Fred (2006), From Counterculture to Cyber-
Speed Press, ISBN 1-58008-547-4. culture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network,
and the Rise of Digital Utopianism, University Of
MacLean, Rory (2008), Magic Bus: On the Hippie Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-81741-5.
Trail from Istanbul to India, New York: Ig Publish-
ing, ISBN 0-14-101595-0. Yablonsky, Lewis (1968), The Hippie Trip, Pegasus,
ISBN 0-595-00116-5.
Marko, John (2006), What the Dormouse Said:
How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Young, Shawn David. (2005). Hippies, Jesus
Computer Industry, Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14- Freaks, and Music. Ann Arbor: Xanedu/Copley
303676-9. Original Works. ISBN 1-59399-201-7
Marty, Myron A. (1997), Daily life in the United

States, 19601990, Westport, CT: The Greenwood Altman, Robert (Curator) (1997), The Summer of
Press, ISBN 0-313-29554-9. Love Gallery, Summer of Love 30th Anniversary
Celebration, The Council for the Summer of Love,
Oldmeadow, Harry (2004), Journeys East: 20th retrieved 2008-01-21.
Century Western Encounters with Eastern Religious
Traditions, World Wisdom, Inc, ISBN 0-941532- Bissonnette, Anne (Curator) (April 12 September
57-7. 17, 2000), Revolutionizing Fashion: The Politics of
Style, Kent State University Museum, archived from
Mecchi, Irene. (1991). The Best of Herb Caen, the original on January 18, 2008, retrieved 2008-01-
196075. Chronicle Books. ISBN 0-8118-0020-2 21.
Pendergast, Tom; Pendergast, Sara, eds. (2005), Brode, Douglas (2004), From Walt to Woodstock:
Sixties Counterculture: The Hippies and Beyond, How Disney Created the Counterculture, University
The Sixties in America Reference Library, 1: Al- of Texas Press, ISBN 0-292-70273-6.
manac, Detroit: Thomson Gale, pp. 151171.
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (2006), Hippie
Perry, Charles (2005), The Haight-Ashbury: A His- Society: The Youth Rebellion, Life and Society, CBC
tory (Reprint ed.), Wenner Books, ISBN 1-932958- Digital Archives, retrieved 2008-01-21.
55-X.
Charters, Ann (2003), The Portable Sixties reader,
Seale, Bobby (1991), Seize the Time: The Story of New York: Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-200194-5.
the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton, Black
Classic Press, ISBN 0-933121-30-X. Curl, John (2007), Memories of DROP CITY: The
First Hippie Commune of the 1960s and the Sum-
Stevens, Jay (1998), Storming Heaven: LSD and the mer of Love, A Memoir, New York: iuniverse, ISBN
American Dream, Grove Press, ISBN 0-8021-3587- 978-0595423439.
0.
Howard, John Robert (Mar 1969), The Flow-
Stone, Skip (1999), Hippies From A to Z: Their Sex, ering of the Hippie Movement, Annals of
Drugs, Music and Impact on Society From the Sixties the American Academy of Political and Social
to the Present, Hip Inc., ISBN 1-930258-01-1. Science 382 (Protest in the Sixties): 4355,
doi:10.1177/000271626938200106.
Stolley, Richard B. (1998), Turbulent Years: The 60s
(Our American Century), Time-Life Books, ISBN 0- Laughead, George (1998), WWW-VL: History:
7835-5503-2. 1960s, European University Institute, retrieved
2008-01-21.
Tamony, Peter (Summer 1981), Tripping out from
San Francisco, American Speech (Duke Univer- Lemke-Santangelo, Gretchen (2009), Daughters of
sity Press) 56 (2): 98103, doi:10.2307/455009, Aquarius: Women of the Sixties Counterculture, Uni-
JSTOR 455009, PMID 11623430. versity Press of Kansas, ISBN 978-0700616336.
Lund, Jens; Deniso, R. Serge (OctDec 1971), event known as the Summer of Love as well as other
The Folk Music Revival and the Counter Cul- material related to the hippie subculture
ture: Contributions and Contradictions, The Jour-
nal of American Folklore (American Folklore So- Hippie Society: The Youth Rebellion. A Canadian
ciety) 84 (334): 394405, doi:10.2307/539633, program by the CBC public network on the hippie
JSTOR 539633. rebellion including videos to watch
MacFarlane, Scott (2007), The Hippie Narrative: A UK Hippy. Long running British discussion forum
Literary Perspective on the Counterculture, McFar- covering all aspects of the British Hippy Counter-
land & Company, Inc., ISBN 0-7864-2915-1. Culture from the 1960s to present day.
Neville, Richard (1995), Hippie, Hippie, Shake: The Sixtiespix An archive with photographs of hippie cul-
Dreams, the Trips, the Trials, the Love-ins, the ture.
Screw upsthe Sixties., William Heinemann Aus- Hippie Movies & TV Shows 1960s and early 1970s
tralia, ISBN 0-85561-523-0. hippie and youth culture on lm and TV.
Neville, Richard (1996), Out of My Mind: From
Flower Power to the Third Millenniumthe Seven-
ties, the Eighties and the Nineties, Penguin, ISBN 0-
14-026270-9.
Partridge, William L. (1973), The Hippie Ghetto:

The Natural History of a Subculture, New York:
Holt, Rinehart and Winston, ISBN 0-03-091081-1.
Pirsig, Robert M. (2006) [1991], Lila: An Inquiry

into Morals, Bantam Books, ISBN 0-553-07873-9.
Rainbow Family (2004), Rainbow Family of the Liv-

ing Light, Circle of Light Community Network, re-
trieved 2008-01-21. See also: Rainbowpedia
Riser, George (Curator) (1998), The Psychedelic

'60s: Literary Tradition and Social Change, Special
Collections Department. University of Virginia Li-
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Staller, Karen M. (2006), Runaways: How the Six-

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12410-4.
Stone, Skip (2000), The Way of the Hippy, Hip Inc..
Thompson, Hunter S. (2000), Owl Farm Winter

of '68, Fear and Loathing in America: The Brutal
Odyssey of an Outlaw Journalist 19681976, Simon
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Wolfe, Tom (1968), The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test,

New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
19.8 External links

Summer of Love. A lm part of PBSs American Ex-
perience series. Includes the lm available to watch
online and other information on the San Francisco
Chapter 20
Archie Bunkers Place
Archie Bunkers Place is an American sitcom originally he had been during All in the Family, even agreeing
broadcast on the CBS network, conceived in 1979 as a to go into business with Murray, whos Jewish, and
spin-o and continuation of All in the Family. While not becoming close friends with him.
as popular as its predecessor, the show maintained a large
Jean Stapleton continued to play Archies wife Edith
enough audience to last for four seasons, until its cancel-
Bunker when Archie Bunkers Place premiered. The
lation in 1983. In its rst season, the show performed so
show featured Edith occasionally during the rst sea-
well that it knocked Mork & Mindy out of its new Sunday
son, but Stapleton decided to leave the series late
night time slot (a year earlier, during its rst season, Mork
in 1979; her character was referred to but unseen
& Mindy had been the No. 3 show on television).
during the rest of the 1979-1980 season. The writ-
ers and producers addressed Stapletons departure
in the Season 2 premiere, explaining that Edith had
20.1 Background died of a stroke. Archie reected on his wifes death
and eventually began dating again.
Archie Bunkers Place continued from All in the Family.
Although the Bunker home, the primary setting for the Martin Balsam as Murray Klein (1979-1981).
original series, was featured, the new series was primarily Murray was Archies Jewish partner, who held
set in the titular Archie Bunkers Place, the neighborhood liberal views similar to those of Archies son-in-law
tavern in Astoria, Queens which Archie Bunker (Carroll Michael Stivic. Unlike Mike, Murray was much
O'Connor) purchased in the eighth-season premiere of All more tolerant and patient with Archies views.
in the Family. During the premiere of Archie Bunkers Danielle Brisebois as Stephanie Mills, the 10-year-
Place, Bunker takes on a Jewish partner, Murray Klein old Jewish daughter of Ediths step-cousin, Floyd
(Martin Balsam), when co-owner Harry Snowden decides Mills. Archie and Edith take Stephanie in after
to sell his share of the business. Early in the rst season, her father, a chronic, unemployed drunk, abandoned
to increase business, Archie and Murray build a restau- her during the nal season of All in the Family.
rant onto the bar; the additions include a separate seating Stephanie loved to sing and dance, and her talents
area for the restaurant and a well-equipped kitchen with were showcased in several episodes.
a service window. The regular patrons include Barney
Hefner, Hank Pivnik, and Edgar Van Ranseleer.[1] Celeste Holm as Estelle Harris (19811983),
Stephanies wealthy grandmother, who would often
Archie Bunkers Place was the sounding board for
be at odds with Archie over his rearing of Stephanie.
Archies views, support from his friends, and Murrays
counterpoints. Later in the series, after Murray re- Allan Melvin as Barney Hefner, one of Archies best
marries and leaves for San Francisco, Archie nds a friends and a regular at the bar. Their friendship was
new business partner, Gary Rabinowitz (Barry Gordon), rst established in 1972 during an episode of All in
whose views were liberal, in contrast to Archies political the Family. He was then married to a woman named
conservatism. Mabel; after she died (somewhere around the 1975-
1976 season), Barney married a friend of Ediths
named Blanche (played by Estelle Parsons), some
20.2 Characters time around 1977. Blanche left Barney numerous
times before the couple divorced in 1979, and Bar-
ney was ordered to pay alimony.
Carroll O'Connor as Archie Bunker, a blue-collar
worker whose ignorant stubbornness tends to cause Danny Dayton as Hank Pivnik, another regular and
his arguments to self-destruct. By the time of Archie good buddy of Archies. He rst appeared in 1976
Bunkers Place, however, the character has mellowed on All in the Family. Hank disappeared with no ex-
somewhat and is no longer as explicitly bigoted as planation given after the 1979-1980 season.
111
112 CHAPTER 20. ARCHIE BUNKERS PLACE
Bill Quinn as Edgar Van Ranseleer[1] (a.k.a. Mr. 1979 episode Thanksgiving Reunion, Struthers re-
Van R), a blind patron and regular at the bar. He turned in the 1982 two-part episode Gloria Comes
was almost never referred to by his rst name. His Home, where she returns home from California
rst appearance was in 1978 on All in the Family. with her son, Joey after divorcing Mike (who had
run o to a commune in Humboldt County, Califor-
Jason Wingreen as Harry Snowden, Archies former nia, with an attractive co-ed). The character even-
business partner, who continued to work at the tav- tually moved on to her own spin-o series, Gloria.
ern as a bartender. Another holdover character from (Note: The original unaired pilot episode to the TV
All in the Family, which Wingreen joined in 1976. series, which begins with a short appearance by Car-
roll O'Connor as Archie Bunker, was later repack-
Abraham Alvarez and Joe Rosario as Jose Perez aged as an Archie Bunkers Place episode.
and Raoul Rosario, two Latin-American immigrants
employed as assistant cooks at Archies bar. Archie
later learns they are illegal immigrants after they
refuse to give a statement to police after having wit-
nessed a mugging.
Anne Meara as Veronica Rooney (19791982), the 20.3 Production

cook at Archie Bunkers Place. She often made
wisecracks and gave Archie a hard time. She in-
sisted that Archie also hire her openly gay nephew Unlike All in the Family's rst eight seasons, Archie
Fred as a waiter to help him pay for law school. Bunkers Place was not videotaped before a live audience,
She was an alcoholic and privately pined to recon- with the exception of a few select episodes (including
cile with her ex-husband, Carmine (who appeared Thanksgiving Reunion). Instead, the show was shot on
in a few episodes and was played by Mearas real- a closed set with multiple cameras, with the best takes be-
life husband Jerry Stiller), but knew it wasn't going ing edited together. The nished product was then shown
to happen. Meara appeared sporadically throughout to live audiences attending tapings of One Day at a Time,
the shows third season and left the show before the thus providing real laughter for the show.
fourth and nal season.
Production of all seasons of Archie Bunkers Place took
Dean Scoeld (1979) as Fred, a gay waiter, and place at Studios 31 and 33 at CBS Television City in Hol-
Veronicas nephew. lywood, the original production home of All in the Family
for that shows rst six seasons.
Barbara Meek as Ellen Canby (19801982). Ellen The theme song for Archie Bunkers Place was a re-scored
was a black housekeeper who was hired by Archie instrumental version by Ray Conni of Those Were
after Ediths death. She also took care of Stephanie, the Days, the long-familiar opening theme to All in the
and helped keep Archies tongue in check. Though Family. The closing theme, Remembering You, was
Archie still harbored some prejudice toward black a re-scored version of All in the Familys closing theme.
people by the time she arrived on the scene, he Both versions featured a Dixieland-styled arrangement.
deeply respected Ellen and was grateful for the job The opening credits featured a view of the Queensboro
she did in helping to raise Stephanie. Bridge, which connects Manhattan to Queens, followed
by shots taken along Steinway Street in Astoria.
Denise Miller, who joined the cast in 1981 as
Archies 18-year-old niece, Barbara Lee Billie Carroll O'Connor, was frustrated over the cancellation
Bunker. Billiewho worked as a waitress at Archie when, the show didn't have an appropriate closure. He
Bunkers Placewas the daughter of Archies es- vowed never to work in any type of show with CBS again,
tranged brother Fred (and sister of Linda, who ap- although he starred in In the Heat of the Night, which aired
peared once on episode of All in the Family). Her on CBS in that shows last two seasons and four TV lms
principal love interest was Gary Rabinowitz (see be- (the rst ve seasons aired on NBC).
low). The series was briey rerun on TV Land in 2002 and
2003, including the unaired Gloria pilot. The last episode
Barry Gordon, another 1981 addition to the cast did air in a marathon along with the nal episodes of All
as Jewish lawyer and business manager Gary Rabi- in the Family, The Jeersons and Gloria.
nowitz. Gary quickly began dating Billie, who was
15 years younger than he was. Just like Mike Stivic Whereas All in the Family had been inspired by a British
and Murray Klein before him, Garys liberal beliefs series, Till Death Us Do Part, Archie Bunkers Place would
often contrasted with those of conservative Archie. eventually inspire creator Johnny Speight to produce a se-
quel to the British series. In Sickness and in Health aired
Sally Struthers returned as Archies daughter Gloria in the UK from 1985 to 1992. Several of the episodes
Stivic for several episodes. In addition to the were adapted from the American series.
20.8. DVD RELEASE 113
20.4 Broadcast history

Archie Bunkers Place aired Sundays at 8:00-8:30 PM on
CBS for nearly its whole run from September 23, 1979
to March 20, 1983. The last two episodes aired Mondays
on March 28, 1983 and April 4, 1983.
20.5 Episodes
Main article: List of Archie Bunkers Place episodes
20.6 Nielsen ratings

NOTE: The highest average rating for the series is in bold
text.
20.7 Notable episodes Thanksgiving Reunion
The series most notable episode among critics was

Another notable episode was The Return of Sammy,
Archie Alone, which originally aired November 2,
when Sammy Davis Jr. comes to the bar and restaurant
1980 as a one-hour special to open the second season of
after Archie calls up his talk show. He, like Murray, is
the series. In that episode, viewers learn that Edith had
surprised that Archie has a Jewish niece. Later, when
died of a stroke a month earlier (Jean Stapleton had re-
Sammy chokes on some food, Archie uses the Heimlich
signed from her role), and Archie is unable to grieve. His
maneuver to save Sammys life. At the end of the episode,
refusal to let go of his emotions takes its toll on Stephanie,
Archie kisses Sammy, just the opposite of what happened
until one day Archie nds a single slipper of Ediths (over-
in the parent shows episode Sammys Visit.
looked when friends came to collect her clothes for char-
ity) in the bedroom. Holding the shoe, Archie laments Later, comedian Don Rickles guest-starred as a crusty
aloud that Edith slipped away before he could tell her he boarder named Al Snyder, who rented a room from
loved her, and nally breaks down and cries. Later, af- Archies friend and neighbor Barney, whose wife Blanche
ter a talk with Stephanie, he agrees to take her to visit had left him sometime earlier. Highlights of this episode
Ediths grave, fullling the request Stephanie had made to are exchanges combining Rickles insult humor and his
Archie at the beginning of the episode. The British TV characters curmudgeonly disposition with Archies sin-
series In Sickness and in Health, the continuation of Till cere but misguided eorts to resolve disputes between
Death Us Do Part on which All in the Family was based, Snyder and Barney. Eventually, the Rickles character is
had a similar episode in which Ediths British counter- exhausted by the constant chatter and decides to rest. The
part, Else Garnett, had died from natural causes. This Rickles character drifts o to sleep and dies. The episode
was not a case of one series copying another; both se- ends with Barney pondering whether he'll wind up like
ries were forced to write these deaths due to unexpected Mr. Snyder: Sore at the world, 'cause I'm all alone.
departures by the actresses (Stapletons resignation and
Dandy Nichols's death).
The rst-season episode Thanksgiving Reunion marked 20.8 DVD release
the nal time the original ensemble from All in the
FamilyO'Connor, Stapleton, Sally Struthers and Rob
Reinerappeared together. In that episode, Mike an- Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released The Com-
nounces that he has lost his job as a college professor after plete First Season of Archie Bunkers Place on DVD in
his participation in a nude protest of a proposed nuclear North America on January 31, 2006.
power plant becomes public. This puts a further strain On August 27, 2013, it was announced that Mill Creek
on his already troubled marriage to Gloria (who at the Entertainment had acquired the home media rights to var-
episodes end lets it slip to Archie that Mike participated ious television series from the Sony Pictures library in-
only because Gloria didn't want to march alone), and fore- cluding Archie Bunkers Place.[2] On July 7, 2015, Mill
shadows the Stivics divorce. Creek re-released the rst season on DVD.[3]
114 CHAPTER 20. ARCHIE BUNKERS PLACE
20.9 Cultural References

Eulogy and Tavern, the twelfth chapter (Chapter 4,
Part 3) of Jonathan Lethem's novel Dissident Gardens,
is set within the world of the television show. One of
the books main characters, Rose, begins frequenting a
bar called Kelcys on Northern Boulevard near her home
in Sunnyside Gardens, Queens, where she befriends the
owner, Archie Bunker, and eventually tries to seduce him
with her old Communist rhetoric. (Your lifelong dream,
Archie, only you don't know it. Hump a hot Red.) The
chapter includes appearances by series-regulars Barney
Hefner, Hank Pivnik, Edgar Van Ranseleer, Harry Snow-
den and Stephanie Mills.[4]
20.10 References
[1] Spelling according to the end credits of All in the Family,
episode 186.
[2] Mill Creek Entertainment Signs Deals With Sony Pic-

tures Home Entertainment To Expand Their Distribu-
tion Partnership. Tvshowsondvd.com. 2013-08-27. Re-
trieved 2014-07-17.
[3] 'Season 1' is Getting Re-Release to DVD by Mill Creek
[4] Lethem, Jonathan. Dissident Gardens, Vintage Paperback

2013, pp. 261-278
20.11 External links

Archie Bunkers Place at the Internet Movie
Database
Chapter 21
Martin Balsam
Martin Henry Balsam (November 4, 1919 February to be a member in the recently formed Actors Studio.[5]
13, 1996)[1] was an American actor. He is best known Balsam would go on to perform in several episodes of
for his lm roles as Milton Arbogast in Alfred Hitch- the Studios dramatic television anthology series, broad-
cock's Psycho, as Arnold Burns in A Thousand Clowns cast between September 1948 and 1950. He appeared
(for which he won the Academy Award for Best Support- in many other television drama series, including Decoy
ing Actor), and as Juror #1 in 12 Angry Men, as well as for
with Beverly Garland, The Twilight Zone (episodes "The
his role as Murray Klein in the television sitcom Archie Sixteen Millimeter Shrine" and "The New Exhibit"),
Bunkers Place. as a psychologist in the pilot episode, Five Fingers,
Target: The Corruptors!, The Eleventh Hour, Breaking
Point, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, The Fugitive, and Mr.
21.1 Early life Broadway, as a retired U.N.C.L.E. agent in The Man
from U.N.C.L.E. episode, The Odd Man Aair, and
guest starred in the two-part Murder, She Wrote episode,
Martin Balsam was born in Bronx borough of New
Death Stalks the Big Top. He also appeared in the
York City to Russian-Jewish parents, Lillian (ne We-
Route 66 episode, Somehow it Gets to be Tomorrow.
instein) and Albert Balsam, who was a manufacturer of
womens sportswear.[2][3] He attended DeWitt Clinton Balsam appeared in such lms as On the Waterfront,
High School, where he participated in the drama club.[2] 12 Angry Men (as Juror #1), Time Limit, Breakfast at
He studied at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School Tianys, The Carpetbaggers, Seven Days in May, The An-
in New York with the German director Erwin Piscator derson Tapes, Hombre, Catch-22, Tora! Tora! Tora! (as
and then served in the United States Army Air Forces Admiral Husband E. Kimmel), Little Big Man, The Tak-
during World War II. ing of Pelham One Two Three, All the Presidents Men,
Murder on the Orient Express, The Delta Force, and The
Goodbye People.
21.2 Career In 1960, he appeared in one of his best remembered
roles as Detective Arbogast in Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho.
Along with Gregory Peck and Robert Mitchum, Martin
Balsam appeared in both the original Cape Fear (1962),
and the 1991 Martin Scorsese remake. He won an
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role
as Arnold Burns in A Thousand Clowns (1965). In 1968,
he won a Tony Award for his appearance in the 1967
Broadway production of You Know I Can't Hear You
When the Waters Running.
Balsam played Washington Post editor Howard Simons
in All the Presidents Men (1976).[6] and a lm that even-
tually became a highly popular Mystery Science Theater
3000 episode, the Joe Don Baker police drama Mitchell
(1975). He played Dr. Rudy Wells when the Martin
Caidin novel Cyborg was adapted as a TV-movie pilot for
Martin Balsam (r) on the set of Unknown Soldier, 1995 The Six Million Dollar Man (1973), though he did not
reprise the role for the subsequent series. He appeared
Martin Balsam made his professional debut in August as a spokesman/hostage in the TV movie Raid on En-
1941 in a production of The Plays the Thing in Locust tebbe (1976) and as a detective in the TVM Contract on
Valley.[4] In early 1948, he was selected by Elia Kazan Cherry Street (1977). He also appeared on an episode of
115
116 CHAPTER 21. MARTIN BALSAM
Quincy ME. Balsam starred as Murray Klein on the All (1976) Best Supporting Actor The Taking of Pel-
in the Family spin-o Archie Bunkers Place for two sea- ham One Two Three (Nominated)
sons (197981) and returned for a guest appearance in
the shows 4th and nal season.[7] He even lled in for (1977) Best Supporting Actor All the Presidents
Charles Nelson Reilly on Match Game for one question Men (Nominated)
when Reilly was late for a taping.
Primetime Emmy Awards
21.3 Filmography (1977) Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Minis-

eries or a Movie Raid on Entebbe (Nominated)
21.4 Personal life

21.7 References
In 1951, Balsam married his rst wife, actress Pearl Som-
ner. They divorced three years later. His second wife was [1] Balsam, Martin Henry. Who Was Who in America
actress Joyce Van Patten. This marriage lasted for four : with World Notables, v. XI (199396). New Provi-
years (from 1958 until 1962) and produced one daughter, dence, N.J.: Marquis Whos Who. 1996. p. 13. ISBN
Talia Balsam. He married his third wife, Irene Miller, in 0837902258.
1963. They had two children, Adam and Zoe Balsam, [2] The New York Times, February 14, 1996: Martin Bal-
and divorced in 1987.[2] sam Is Dead at 76; Ubiquitous Character Actor Retrieved
2012-06-15
[3] Great Character Actors

21.5 Death
[4] Ian Herbert, ed. (1981). BALSAM, Martin. Whos
Who in the Theatre 1. Gale Research Company. pp. 39
On February 13, 1996, Balsam died of a sudden stroke
40. ISSN 0083-9833.
in his hotel room in Rome, Italy, while on vacation. He
was 76. Balsam is interred at Cedar Park Cemetery, in [5] Gareld, David (1980). Birth of The Actors Studio:
Emerson, New Jersey.[10] He was survived by his three 194750. A Players Place: The Story of the Actors
children and Renee Landau, his companion.[2] Studio. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. p.
52. ISBN 0-02-542650-8. Others usually considered
founding members in Kazans group were added in the
early months of 1948. They include Martin Balsam, Kim
21.6 Awards Hunter, and Vivian Nathan.
[6] All the Presidents Men (1976)

National Board of Review
[7] Martin Balsam Filmography
(1964) Best Supporting Actor The Carpetbaggers [8] Martin Balsam Filmography
(Won)
[9] Martin Balsam Self Appearances
Academy Awards [10] Sometimes the Grave Is a Fine and Public Place. New
York Times. March 28, 2004.
(1966) Best Actor in a Supporting Role A Thou-
sand Clowns (Won)
21.8 External links
Tony Awards
Martin Balsam at the Internet Movie Database
(1968) Best Actor in a Play You Know I Can't Hear Martin Balsam at the Internet Broadway Database
You When the Waters Running (Won)
Martin Balsam at Find a Grave
Golden Globe Awards Martin Balsam at the Internet O-Broadway
Database
(1974) Best Supporting Actor Summer Wishes,
Martin Balsam at the TCM Movie Database
Winter Dreams (Nominated)
Martin Balsam at AllMovie
BAFTA Awards
Chapter 22
Celeste Holm
Celeste Holm (April 29, 1917 July 15, 2012) was an

American stage, lm and television actress.[1]
Holm won an Academy Award for her performance in
Gentlemans Agreement (1947), and was Oscar nominated
for her roles in Come to the Stable (1949) and All About
Eve (1950). She originated the role of Ado Annie in the
Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Oklahoma! (1943).[1]
22.1 Early life

Born and raised in Manhattan, Holm was an only child.
Her mother, Jean Parke, was an American portrait artist
and author; her father, Theodor Holm, was a Norwegian
businessman whose company provided marine adjust-
ment services for Lloyds of London. Because of her
parents occupations, she traveled often during her youth
and attended various schools in the Netherlands, France
and the United States. She graduated from University
High School for Girls in Chicago, where she performed in
many school stage productions. She then studied drama
at the University of Chicago before becoming a stage ac-
Publicity photo, c.1940
tress in the late 1930s.
was dierenta lady. In 1947 she won an Oscar and

22.2 Career Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress in Gentlemans
Agreement.[2] After another supporting role in All About
Holms rst professional theatrical role was in a produc- Eve, however, Holm realized she preferred live theater to
tion of Hamlet starring Leslie Howard. She rst appeared movie work, and only accepted a few select lm roles over
on Broadway in a small part in Gloriana (1938), a com- the next decade. The most successful of these were the
edy which lasted for only ve performances, but her rst comedy The Tender Trap (1955) and the musical High
major part on Broadway was in William Saroyan's revival Society (1956), both of which co-starred Frank Sinatra.
of The Time of Your Life (1940) as Mary L. with fellow She starred as a professor-turned-reporter in New York
newcomer Gene Kelly. The role that got her the most City in the CBS television series Honestly, Celeste! (fall
recognition from critics and audiences was as Ado An- 1954) and was thereafter a panelist on Who Pays? (1959).
nie in the premiere production of Rodgers and Hammer- She also appeared several times on ABC's The Pat Boone
stein's Oklahoma! in 1943. Chevy Showroom.
After she starred in the Broadway production of Bloomer In 1958, she starred as a reporter in an unsold television
Girl, 20th Century Fox signed Holm to a movie con- pilot called The Celeste Holm Show, based on the book
tract in 1946. She made her lm debut that same year No Facilities for Women. Holm also starred in the musi-
in Three Little Girls in Blue, making a startling entrance cal The Utter Glory of Morrissey Hall. In 1965, she played
in a Technicolor red dress singing Always a Lady, the Fairy Godmother alongside Lesley Ann Warren in the
a belting Ado Annie-type song, although the character CBS production of Cinderella. In 197071, she was fea-
117
118 CHAPTER 22. CELESTE HOLM
tured on the NBC sitcom Nancy, with Renne Jarrett, John shown. She received an honorary award during the dinner
Fink and Robert F. Simon. In the story line, Holm played banquet at the close of the event.
Abby Townsend, the press secretary of the First Lady of
the United States and the chaperone of Jarretts character,
Nancy Smith, the Presidents daughter. During the 1970s 22.4 Personal life
and 1980s, Holm did more screen acting, with roles in
lms such as Tom Sawyer and Three Men and a Baby,
and in television series (often as a guest star) such as
Columbo, The Eleventh Hour, Archie Bunkers Place and
Falcon Crest. In 1979, she played the role of First Lady
Florence Harding in the television mini-series, Backstairs
at the White House. She was a regular on the ABC soap
opera Loving, appearing rst in 1986 in the role of Lydia
Woodhouse and again as Isabelle Dwyer Alden #2 from
1991 to 1992. She last appeared on television in the CBS
television series Promised Land (199699).
22.3 Honors
Accepting her Academy Award for Gentlemans Agreement

(1947)
A life member of The Actors Studio,[3] Holm received

numerous honors during her lifetime, including the 1968
Sarah Siddons Award for distinguished achievement in
Chicago theatre; she was appointed to the National Arts
Council by then-President Ronald Reagan, appointed
Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav by King Olav
of Norway in 1979,[4] and inducted into the American Attending the Academy Awards in 1988
Theater Hall of Fame in 1992. She remained active for
social causes as a spokesperson for UNICEF, and for oc-
casional professional engagements. From 1995 she was Holms rst marriage was to Ralph Nelson in
Chairman of the Board of Arts Horizons, a not-for-prot 1936.[7] Their son, Internet pioneer and sociologist
arts-in-education organization. In 1995, Holms was in- Ted Nelson (born 1937), was raised by his maternal
ducted into the Scandinavian-American Hall of Fame.[5] grandparents. The marriage ended in 1939. In his
In 2006, Holm was presented with a Lifetime Achieve- 2010 memoir, Possiplex, her son, credited with coin-
ment Award by the SunDeis Film Festival at Brandeis ing the term hypertext, described this and other
University.[6] choices as entirely the right decisions. He report-
edly did not name his mother in the book.[8]
Holm was a guest at the 2009 Mid-Atlantic Nostalgia
Convention in Aberdeen, Maryland. Some of the movies Holm married Francis Emerson Harding Davies, an
in which she appeared were screened at the festival, and English auditor, on January 7, 1940. Davies was
the un-aired television pilot for Meet Me in St. Louis was a Roman Catholic, and she was received into the
Roman Catholic Church for the purposes of their 22.6.1 Film

1940 wedding; the marriage was dissolved on May
8, 1945.[9] 22.6.2 Television
22.6.3 Theatre
From 1946 to 1952, Holm was married to air-
line public relations executive A. Schuyler Dun-
22.6.4 Radio
ning, with whom she had a second son, businessman
Daniel Dunning.[10]
22.7 References
From 1961 to 1996, she was married to actor Wesley [1] Anita Gates (July 15, 2012). Celeste Holm, Witty Char-
Addy (19131996), until his death at age 83 in acter Actress, Is Dead at 95. New York Times. Re-
1996. The couple lived together on her family farm trieved 2014-12-23. Celeste Holm, the New York-born
in the Schooleys Mountain section of Washington actress who made an indelible Broadway impression as
Township, Morris County, New Jersey.[11][12] an amorous country girl in Rodgers and Hammersteins
Oklahoma!, earned an Academy Award as the knowing
voice of tolerance in Gentlemans Agreement and went
on to a six-decade screen and stage career, frequently cast
On April 29, 2004, her 87th birthday, Holm mar- as the wistful or brittle sophisticate, died early Sunday at
ried opera singer Frank Basile, age 41.[13] The cou- her apartment in Manhattan. She was 95. Her death was
ple met in October 1999 at a fundraiser at which announced by Amy Phillips, a great-niece. Ms. Holm
Basile was hired to sing. Soon after their marriage, had a heart attack at Roosevelt Hospital in New York last
Holm and Basile sued to overturn the irrevocable week while being treated there for dehydration, but she
trust that was created in 2002 by Daniel Dunning, was taken home on Friday.
Holms younger son. The trust was ostensibly set up
[2] Obituary: Celeste Holm, Daily Telegraph, 15 July 2012
to shelter Holms nancial assets from taxes though
Basile contended the real purpose of the trust was [3] Gareld, David (1980). Appendix: Life Members of
to keep him away from her money. The lawsuit be- The Actors Studio as of January 1980. A Players Place:
gan a ve-year battle with her sons, which cost mil- The Story of The Actors Studio. New York: MacMillan
lions of dollars, and according to an article in The Publishing Co., Inc. p. 278. ISBN 0-02-542650-8.
New York Times, left Holm and her husband with
a fragile hold on their apartment, which Holm pur- [4] Ridder av St. Olav, Aftenposten, morning edition 21.
chased for $10,000 cash in 1953 from her lm earn- May 1979, p. 10.
ings, and which is now believed to be worth at least [5] SAHF Inductees. hostfest.com. Norsk Hstfest. Re-
$10,000,000.[8] trieved 11 January 2016.
[6] SunDeis 2006. SunDeis Film Festival web site. Archived

from the original on 2006-09-10. Retrieved 2007-10-29.
22.5 Health and death [7] Celeste Holm prole at www.superiorpics.com
[8] John Leland (July 2, 2011). Love and Inheritance: A

According to her husband, Holm had been treated for Family Feud. New York Times. Retrieved 2011-07-04.
memory loss since 2002, suered skin cancer, bleeding
[9] Holm prole at www.superiorpics.com
ulcers and a collapsed lung, and had hip replacements and
pacemakers.[8] [10] Sta writers (1952-05-12). Births, deaths, marriages, di-
In June 2012, Holm was admitted to New Yorks vorces. Time. Retrieved 2008-05-15.
Roosevelt Hospital with dehydration. She suered a
[11] via Associated Press. Celeste Holm, Oscar-winning ac-
heart attack on July 13, 2012 in the facility. She died tress, dies at 95, Express-Times, July 15, 2012. Accessed
at her Central Park West apartment on July 15, 2012.[1] October 22, 2015. Celeste Holm married her fourth hus-
She was survived by husband Frank Basile and her sons band, actor Robert Wesley Addy, in 1966. The couple
and grandchildren.[14][15][16] lived in Washington Township., Morris County, N.J.
[12] Summary of Preserved Farms - EG Jewett / Holm Farm,

Morris County Agriculture Development Board, October
12, 2012. Accessed October 22, 2015. Owned since
1922 by the family of actress Celeste Holm, this large
22.6 Work farm atop Schooleys Mountain is in wheat and tree fruit
production.
120 CHAPTER 22. CELESTE HOLM
[13] Jones, Kenneth (2004-04-30). December Bride: Shock-

ing Guests, Celeste Holm Marries Beau at 85th Birthday
Party. Playbill.
[14] Oscar-Winning Actress Celeste Holm Dies At 95. Hu-

ington Post. July 15, 2012.
[15] http://todayentertainment.today.
msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/15/
12752807-oscar-winning-actress-celeste-holm-dies-at-95?
lite
[16] Fire At Robert De Niros NYC Apartment; No Injuries.

Hungton Post. June 9, 2012.
[17] Celeste Holm on Bob Crosby Show. Harrisburg Tele-

graph. January 26, 1946. p. 15. Retrieved May 7, 2015
via Newspapers.com.
[18] On The Air. The Gazette and Daily. March 2, 1950. p.

20. Retrieved May 8, 2015 via Newspapers.com.
[19] Dial Chatter. The La Crosse Tribune. May 11, 1952.

p. 18. Retrieved May 8, 2015 via Newspapers.com.
[20] "(radio listing)". The Decatur Daily Review. May

4, 1952. p. 50. Retrieved May 8, 2015 via
Newspapers.com.
[21] Kirby, Walter (November 15, 1953). Better Radio Pro-

grams for the Week. The Decatur Daily Review. p. 50.
Retrieved July 7, 2015 via Newspapers.com.
[22] CBS Radio Mystery Theater. Santa Ana Register.

February 26, 1976. p. 19. Retrieved May 7, 2015 via
Newspapers.com.
22.8 External links

Celeste Holm at the Internet Broadway Database
Celeste Holm at the Internet O-Broadway

Database
Celeste Holm at the Internet Movie Database

Celeste Holm at Find a Grave
Celeste Holm at the TCM Movie Database

Portrait of Celeste Holm and Wesley Addy by
Margaret Holland Sargent
Obituary at We Love Soaps
Chapter 23
Allan Melvin
Allan John Melvin (February 18, 1923 January 17, Magilla Gorilla, the lion Drooper, on The Banana Splits
2008[1] ) was an American character actor who appeared Adventure Hour, arch villain Tyrone in The Secret Lives
in several television shows, including the roles of Corpo- of Waldo Kitty and Bluto on The All-New Popeye Hour.
ral Henshaw on The Phil Silvers Show; Alices boyfriend, Melvin also made eight guest appearances on The Andy
Sam the Butcher, on The Brady Bunch; Sargeant Hacker Grith Show in eight dierent roles, usually as heavies.
on Gomer Pyle, USMC; and Archie Bunkers friend, Bar- He also made three guest appearances on Perry Mason
ney Hefner, on All in the Family and Archie Bunkers in various roles, including reporter Bert Kannon in the
Place. 1966 episode, The Case of the Sausalito Sunrise. Also
in 1966 Allan played the space enforcer on the series Lost
In Space, in the episode West Of Mars.
Melvin is remembered for supporting roles on two popu-
23.1 Life and career lar 1970s sitcoms. He played Sam Franklin, the owner of
a local butcher shop and boyfriend of Alice Nelson (the
Born in Kansas City, Missouri, to Richard and Marie Bradys housekeeper) on The Brady Bunch, and Barney
Melvin and raised in New York City by his paternal Hefner, Archie Bunkers neighbor and friend on All in the
grandparents, Frank and Helen (ne Campbell) Melvin. Family. In other contributions to 1970s pop culture, he
He attended Columbia University.[2] After graduation he appeared as a Mels Diner patron on Alice and worked as
served in the United States Navy during World War II a voice artist (under the name Al Melvin). He provided
and married his wife, Amalia Faustina Sestero, in March several characters voices for the TV show H.R. Pufnstuf
1944 in New York City. and the voice of Prince Thun of the Lion Men on The
While working at a job in the sound eects department New Adventures of Flash Gordon.
of NBC Radio, he did a nightclub act and appeared Some of his most prolic work was in television commer-
and won on the Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts radio cials, for products as diverse as Kelloggs Sugar Frosted
show. While appearing on Broadway in Stalag 17, he got Flakes and Remington electric razors. In the latter com-
his break into television by getting the role of Corporal mercial, he sang a few bars of Frank Loessers song I
Steve Henshaw[3] on the popular The Phil Silvers Show Believe in You with a modied lyric. He was also fea-
program.[2] TV fans of this era usually best remember his tured as Al the Plumber on Liquid-Plumr drain opener
role as Henshaw, Sergeant Bilkos right-hand man on that commercials for fteen years.[5]
show. He was proudest of that show, Amalia Melvin
In the early 1980s, Melvin appeared as a regular in Archie
said. I think the camaraderie of all those guys made it
Bunkers Place, a successor to All in the Family, in which
such a pleasant way to work. They were so relaxed.[2]
he played the now more important role of Barney Hefner.
During this period, in addition to his role on The Phil When this series ended in 1983, Melvins work was ex-
Silvers Show, Melvin was often cast in slightly loud, oc- clusively devoted to cartoon voice-overs.
casionally abrasive, but generally friendly second banana
Allan Melvin died of cancer on January 17, 2008, aged
roles. Melvin was also adept at tough guy roles; in an
84.[6]
example of his range as an actor, one episode of Sergeant
Bilko featured Melvin doing a recognizable imperson-
ation of Humphrey Bogart.
23.2 Filmography
In the 1960s, Melvin worked extensively at CBS
for Sheldon Leonard and Aaron Ruben. He played
Sta Sergeant Charlie Hacker who was Sergeant Vince 23.3 References
Carters rival for four seasons on Gomer Pyle, USMC.
He also made eight appearances[4] on the Dick Van Dyke [1] Brady Bunch actor Allan Melvin dies in Los Angeles at
Show. He also provided the voices of cartoon character 84, an Associated Press article via the CBC
121
122 CHAPTER 23. ALLAN MELVIN
[2] 'Brady Bunch' actor dies at 84, an Associated Press article

via CNN
[3] Corporal Steve Henshaw prole.
[4] In many roles: Harrison B. Harding, Sam and/or Sol

Pomeroy and/or Pomerantz and Guard Jenkins As per
IMDB on 2008-10-15
[5] McLellan, Dennis. Allan Melvin 19232008: Charac-

ter actor on 'All in the Family,' 'Phil Silvers Show,'" Los
Angeles Times, Saturday, January 19, 2008.
[6] Allan J. Melvin at Find a Grave
23.4 External links

Allan Melvin at the Internet Movie Database
Allan Melvin at the Internet Broadway Database

Allan Melvin at Find a Grave
Chapter 24
Bill Quinn
For the Canadian actor sometimes credited as Bill Quinn,

see William Quinn (actor).
Bill Quinn (May 6, 1912 April 29, 1994) was an Amer-

ican actor.
Quinn appeared in more than 150 acting roles over seven
decades, starting in the 1920s in silent lms and ending
in 1989 in Star Trek V: The Final Frontier. He is best
remembered as Archies blind friend, Mr. Van Ranseleer,
in All in the Family, and later as a regular in the spin-o
Archie Bunkers Place. His other television roles include
The Odd Couple, in which he played the recurring role
of the roommates physician, Dr. Melnitz; The Rieman
as Sweeney, the bartender; McHales Navy; and Marys
father in The Mary Tyler Moore Show. In 1971, he was
featured in the Universal Pictures movie How to Frame a
Figg starring Don Knotts.
Quinn was also the father-in-law of Bob Newhart. He is
the father of Newharts wife, Virginia Quinn Newhart.[1]
Quinn died at the age of 81 in Camarillo, California of
natural causes.
24.1 References
[1] Bill Quinn RiemanConners.com. Retrieved 21
November 2012.
24.2 External links

Bill Quinn at the Internet Movie Database
Bill Quinn at Find a Grave

Bill Quinn at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)
123
Chapter 25
Jason Wingreen
Jason Wingreen (October 9, 1920 December 25, Wars, The Empire Strikes Back. For the DVD release of
2015) was an American actor.[1] the lm in 2004, Wingreens voice was replaced by New
Zealand actor Temuera Morrison in continuity with the
From the early 1960s Wingreen was a voting member of
the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[2] 2002 prequel Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones in
which the character is revealed to be a clone of Morrisons
Jango Fett who acts as Bobas father.[8]
25.1 Early years
25.2.2 Stage
Born in 1920 in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish fam-
ily, he grew up in Howard Beach, Queens, attended John Wingreen helped to found the Circle in the Square The-
Adams High School, and graduated from Brooklyn Col- atre in Greenwich Village.[5] On Broadway, he played in
lege in 1941.[3] While at Brooklyn College, he partic- The Girl on the Via Flaminia and Fragile Fox, both in
ipated in the Varsity Dramatic Society.[4][3] Wingreen 1954.[10]
originally planned to become a newspaper reporter after
writing about high school sports for the Brooklyn Eagle
during his high school years.[5] 25.2.3 Television
During World War II, he served with the United States
Army Air Force and was stationed in England and Im enjoying retirement, but not when Im not feeling
Germany. Following his return home, with the aid of the well and, unfortunately, not feeling well seems to come
G.I. Bill, he studied acting at New Yorks New School.[6] with old age. I retired after I did my episode of Seinfeld.
He was a co-founder of the Circle in the Square Theatre I was 72 and my wife wasnt well. She wanted to travel
company in New Yorks Greenwich Village, and he ap- some more, so I just decided that was enough and I didnt
peared for the rst time on Broadway in two 1954 plays: do any more acting. My wife died in 1996 and Ive been
The Girl on the Via Flaminia and Fragile Fox.[7] living alone. My son and his family live in Princeton, New
Jersey, and hes a professor at Princeton. Hes a terric
guy and he calls me twice a week, to make sure Im still
alive. And I have a grandson and a granddaughter.[11]
25.2 Career
Wingreen, on his retirement (April 9, 2014)
25.2.1 Film
Wingreen was known for his role as Harry Snowden on
Ive signed a lot of photos of Boba Fett. I was living a the television sitcom All in the Family and its continuation
quiet, peaceful, unencumbered life until that news broke, series, Archie Bunkers Place.[2]
and when the news came out in a Star Wars magazine, Prior to this, Wingreen was a regular during the 1960-
for which Id done an interview, the letters just never 61 season of The Untouchables, playing Police Captain
stopped.[8] Dorsett. He performed in "A Stop at Willoughby, "The
Wingreen, on his role as Boba Fett and signing Midnight Sun, and "The Bard, three episodes of the
autographs (April 9, 2014) original Twilight Zone series. He also appeared on the
original Star Trek series, making him one of the few peo-
ple involved with both Star Wars and Star Trek. Wingreen
In 1958, Wingreen had the role of Nichols in the 20th also had a recurring role as Judge Arthur Beaumont in
Century Fox production The Bravados.[9] the series Matlock, and has guest-starred in numerous
Wingreen lent his voice to the bounty hunter Boba Fett other series, including Mission: Impossible, Outer Lim-
(portrayed by Jeremy Bulloch) in the 1980 sequel to Star its, Bonanza, The Rockford Files, The Armstrong Circle
124
Theatre, Alcoa Theatre, The Man From U.N.C.L.E., The [7] Barnes, Mike (January 1, 2016). Jason Wingreen Dead:
Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, Dr. Kildare, and The Fugi- 'All in the Family Bartender' Was 95. The Hollywood
tive. Reporter (Prometheus Global Media).
In 1965, Wingreen would portray Adolf Hitler on Blue [8] Romano, Nick (January 2, 2016). Jason Wingreen, All
Light.[12][13] in the Family actor and voice of Boba Fett in Star Wars,
dies at 95. Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved
In 1979, Wingreen was a part of the ensemble cast of the January 3, 2016.
TV mini-series Roots: The Next Generations. In 1991, he
guest starred on General Hospital as Judge Mattson. [9] "'The Bravados at Capitol. The Berkshire Eagle.
September 4, 1958. p. 8. Retrieved October 17, 2015
After an appearance on TVs Seinfeld in the 1990s,
via Newspapers.com.
Wingreen retired.[14] His last credited TV work was on
In The Heat Of The Night in 1994.[15] [10] Jason Wingreen. Playbill Vault. Retrieved 18 October
2015.
[11] StarTrek.com Sta (January 2, 2016). Guest Star Jason

25.3 Personal life Wingreen Relives Trek And Other Roles. StarTrek.com.
Retrieved January 3, 2016.
Wingreen married Gloria Scott Backe.[16][17] Backe,
[12] McNeil, Alex, Total Television: The Comprehensive Guide
known as Scotty died in 1996.[16][17] They had one son to Programming From 1948 to the Present, New York:
together.[7][16] Penguin Books, 1996, p. 104.
[13] Brooks, Tim, and Earle Marsh, The Complete Directory to

25.3.1 Death Prime-Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946-Present,
Sixth Edition, New York: Ballantine Books, 1995, ISBN
Wingreen died at the age of 95 at his home in Los An- 0-345-39736-3, p. 116.
geles, California, on December 25, 2015. He is survived [14] Alexander, Bryan (January 3, 2016). Character actor Ja-
by his son, two grandchildren, and his sister, Harriet, a son Wingreen, voice of Boba Fett, dies. USA Today.
former pianist for the New York Philharmonic.[7][18][19] Gannett Company. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
[15] Lowe, Kinsey (January 2, 2016). Jason Wingreen Dead:

Prolic TV Actor Who Appeared In All In The Family
25.4 Filmography Was 95. Deadline.com. Penske Media Corporation. Re-
25.4.1 Film [16] Slotnik, Daniel E. (January 4, 2016). Jason Wingreen,
the Original Boba Fett, Dies at 95. The New York Times.
25.4.2 Television The New York Times Company. Retrieved January 5,
2016.
25.5 References [17] Bowie, Stephen (May 13, 2010). An Interview With Ja-
son Wingreen: Part One. Classic TV History. Retrieved
[1] Jason Wingreen. The New York Times. The New York January 5, 2015.
Times Company. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
[18] Mendelson, Will (January 2, 2016). Star Wars Actor Ja-
son Wingreen Dead at 95. Us Weekly. Wenner Media
[2] Phillips, Michael (February 29, 2008). If I ruled the Os-
LLC. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
cars (insert your idea here)". Chicago Tribune. Tribune
Publishing}. Retrieved January 3, 2016. [19] Osborn, Alex (January 2, 2016). ORIGINAL VOICE
OF BOBA FETT, JASON WINGREEN, DIES AT 95.
[3] Bowie, Stephen. An Interview With Jason Wingreen:
IGN. j2 Global. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
Part One. The Classic TV History Blog. Retrieved Oc-
tober 20, 2011. [20] Nathan, Ian. The 500 greatest movies of all time, No. 3:
Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980)".
[4] Brooklyn College Play Honors Dr. Gideonse. The Empire. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 3, 1939. p. 13. Re-
trieved October 17, 2015 via Newspapers.com. [21] Film features: 100 Greatest Movies Of All Time. Total
Film. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
[5] Wingreen: Bunkers Bartender. The Ottawa Journal.
August 23, 1980. p. 90. Retrieved October 17, 2015 [22] 100 Greatest Films of All Time. AMC Filmsite.org.
via Newspapers.com. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
[6] Jason Wingreen. Find a Grave. Retrieved January 3, [23] The 100 Best Movies of All Time by Mr. Showbiz.
2015. AMC Filmsite.org. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
126 CHAPTER 25. JASON WINGREEN
[24] Abrahams, Jim; Zucker, David; Zucker, Jerry; Davidson,

Jon (2000). Airplane! DVD audio commentary (DVD).
Paramount Pictures.
[25] Oh, God!". Barnes & Noble. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
[26] "(TV listing)". Standard-Speaker. December 15, 1962. p.

19. Retrieved October 17, 2015 via Newspapers.com.
[27] "(TV listing)". Naugatuck Daily News. March 14, 1967.

p. 6. Retrieved October 17, 2015 via Newspapers.com.
[28] General Hospital. IMBd. Amazon.com. Retrieved Jan-

uary 3, 2016.
25.6 External links

Jason Wingreen at the Internet Movie Database
Jason Wingreen at Find a Grave

Jason Wingreen at TV.com
Chapter 26
Barbara Meek
Barbara Anita Meek (February 26, 1934 October 3, in Camelot, The Crucible and Steel Magnolias during the
2015) was an American actress best known to television 2010-2011 season, and Sparrow Grass in the 2011-2012
viewers for playing the character of Ellen Canby for two season.
seasons on Archie Bunkers Place.[1][2] Since 1968, Meek
was an active member of the Trinity Repertory Company
in Providence, Rhode Island, and appeared in more than
100 Trinity Rep stage productions.[1]
26.3 Other stage performances
Meek played the role of Sadie in Having Our Say at Trin-
ity Rep, a role she reprised for the plays European pre-
26.1 Early life miere at Vienna's English Theatre. In 1996, Meek ap-
peared in the world premiere of A Lesson Before Dying
She was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Juanita (ne Cole- by Romulus Linney at the Alabama Shakespeare Festi-
man) and Harold Talmadge Meek, and is the maternal val. Meek also performed at Hilberry Repertory Theatre,
granddaughter of the Reverend Horatius H.H. Cole- the Dallas Theater Center, the Cleveland Play House,
man, pastor of the Greater Macedonia Baptist Church. The Repertory Theater of St. Louis, the Hampton Play-
She was a graduate of Northwestern High School, and as house, The Eugene ONeill Theater Center and the Bran-
an undergraduate was asked to join Wayne State Univer- deis University Theatre.
sity's graduate theater program. Meek was a member of
the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority while attending college.
In 1965, Meek toured with the United Services Organi-
zation, performing for wounded soldiers on Okinawa and
26.4 Television roles
other U.S. Army bases. In 1968, she joined the Trinity
Repertory Company with her husband, Martin Molson Meeks other television roles included Adrian Halls adap-
(19281980), where they debuted together in Brother to tations of Robert Penn Warren's Brother to Dragons,
Dragons. Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth, and Harriet Beecher
Stowe's Life Among the Lowly, all broadcast on PBS;
Melba, starring Melba Moore, on CBS; and Big Brother
Jake, starring Jake Steinfeld, on The Family Channel.[1]
26.2 Career at Trinity Meek was also featured in the Emmy Award-winning
television movie See How She Runs with Joanne Wood-
Highlights of Meeks stage career at Trinity included ward, and the television movie Jimmy B. and Andre, star-
leading roles in the August Wilson plays Fences and Ma ring Susan Clark and Alex Karras.
Raineys Black Bottom, James Purdy's Eustace Chisholm
and the Works, Athol Fugard's Boesman and Lena, Peer
Gynt, The Threepenny Opera, Tartue, The Visit, Fires in
the Mirror, Adrian Hall and Robert Cummings adapta- 26.5 Honors
tion of A Christmas Carol (including the role of Ebenezer
Scrooge), Terrence McNally's Master Class, Henry IV, Ms. Meek received an Honorary Doctor of Arts De-
Tennessee Williams' Suddenly Last Summer and, more gree from the University of Rhode Island, and the 2004
recently, Lorraine Hansberry's Raisin in the Sun and Os- Pell Award for Excellence in the Arts. She also received
car Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest. Meek also the Foundation for Repertory Theatre Award, the Wayne
appeared in the Broadway production of Wilson in the State University Arts Achievement Award in Theatre, and
Promised Land. the Norton Prize for Sustained Excellence.
In 2008, Meek appeared in Blithe Spirit at Trinity Rep, In 2006, she was awarded the Edward Bannister and
and Curt Columbus adaptation of Antigone. She was Christiana Bannister History Makers Award from the
127
128 CHAPTER 26. BARBARA MEEK
Rhode Island Black Heritage Society.
26.6 Personal life and death

Meek died on October 3, 2015 of a heart attack. She is
survived by a daughter.[3]
26.7 References
[1] Passages: Longtime Trinity Rep actress Barbara Meek
dies. The Providence Journal. 3 October 2015. Re-
trieved 5 October 2015.
[2] Famed Trinity Rep Actress Barbara Meek Dies at 81.

GoLocalProv. 4 October 2015. Retrieved 5 October
2015.
[3] https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/
17/barbara-meek-trinity-rep-and-actress-dies/
3JeL5OKeEh99inbVCIdh1J/story.html
26.8 External links

Barbara Meek at the Internet Movie Database
Trinity Rep
ndagrave.com
26.9. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 129
26.9 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

26.9.1 Text
All in the Family Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_in_the_Family?oldid=699239963 Contributors: Mav, Sjc, Shsilver, Zoe,
Isis~enwiki, Modemac, KF, Atlan, Kchishol1970, Syncrolecyne, GTBacchus, DavidWBrooks, Sugarsh, Csernica, Lee M, Arteitle, Dyss,
Zoicon5, Maximus Rex, Furrykef, Nv8200pa, Ed g2s, Topbanana, Raul654, RadicalBender, Sewing, Bearcat, Robbot, Earl Andrew, Mon-
crief, Postdlf, Rfc1394, Michael Snow, Walloon, Carnildo, DocWatson42, ScudLee, Philwelch, Angmering, Ido50, Everyking, Bluejay
Young, Wmahan, Uranographer, Michaelcarraher, Formeruser-81, DJac75, Mista-X, Jesster79, Moribunt, MakeRocketGoNow, Jutta,
TheCustomOfLife, Brithgob, Discospinster, FrickFrack, YUL89YYZ, Ibagli, Martpol, Bender235, MattTM, Ylee, MBisanz, Shmuel,
Tom, TMC1982, Thu, Bobo192, 23skidoo, Infocidal, Elipongo, Jolomo, Rajah, Ral315, Pearle, Chicago god, Q0, Anthony Apple-
yard, Polarscribe, Walter Grlitz, Philip Cross, Inky, Kpwa gok, Lesoria, Vbdrummer0, Uucp, RainbowOfLight, Bsadowski1, Ring-
bang, Czolgolz, New Age Retro Hippie, Sidney Gould, A D Monroe III, Feezo, Preaky, Angr, The JPS, Woohookitty, MagicBez,
FeanorStar7, LOL, Daniel Case, Guy M, Bratsche, Tabletop, Kelisi, Zzyzx11, TheEvilBlueberryCouncil, Gimboid13, Jbarta, Emerson7,
Kakashi-sensei, BD2412, James26, Kbdank71, Schmendrick, Rjwilmsi, Mayumashu, Edlisataylor, Darguz Parsilvan, Durin, Ian Dun-
ster, Platypus222, FlaBot, Ground Zero, Alhutch, Lady Aleena, NekoDaemon, Gurch, Briguy52748, Quuxplusone, Brendan Moody,
Bgwhite, Protarion, Ravenswing, Wavelength, Huw Powell, RussBot, ChrisP2K5, ShawnHill, FrenchIsAwesome, King Shadeed, Rub-
ber cat, Casey56, RadioFan2 (usurped), Hydrargyrum, Tenebrae, Gaius Cornelius, Shkarter1985, JohnFlaherty, Markt3, NickBush24,
Mike Halterman, MichTheWeird, Howcheng, Robert Moore, Retired username, LodeRunner, KingDaveRa, Tony1, MSJapan, Groink,
Ccgrimm, Wknight94, Daveyd989, Fallout boy, Closedmouth, Jogers, Ben King, Friendship hurricane, Mrblondnyc, Paul Erik, Biblioma-
niac15, Anthony717, The Wookieepedian, Neier, SmackBot, Classiclms, Bobet, Bwithh, Dwp49423, Kintetsubualo, Yopie, Hmains,
OldsVistaCruiser, Chris the speller, Caldorwards4, DStoykov, StanislavJ, The Invisible Man, Sparsefarce, GoodDay, Scwlong, George Ho,
Wilybadger, HoodedMan, Zone46, OrphanBot, AMK152, Azumanga1, Xiner, Weetbixkid, GVnayR, William Ackerman, COMPFUNK2,
Bumpusmills1, Fuhghettaboutit, Oanabay04, Iam4Lost, SnappingTurtle, Coreman, Kismetmagic, Hank chapot, See918, Wikipedical, Will
Beback, Milchama, BenH, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Tomhubbard, Catapult, GVP Webmaster, Jaywubba1887, Ckatz, TJF74, TheHYPO,
Rexwarrior, Freyr35, Larrymcp, Flytrap, Interlingua, TPIRFanSteve, BigT2006, MikeWazowski, Jim856796, Pucki~enwiki, Clarityend,
Toddsschneider, Joseph Solis in Australia, Sanfranfan88, MJO, Supertigerman, TnKs daddy, Jatrius, Jfribrg, RattleandHum, Glickmam,
CmdrObot, Kevin j, Jdcrackers, Pseudo-Richard, Jaldridge86, Cydebot, Erasmussen, Rassatee, Reywas92, Turboduded, Bardak, Word-
builder, Calvinhc, Babach, TonyTheTiger, JL93, Tbonge, Marek69, Giebergoldfarb, TheTruthiness, Tirk, QuasyBoy, JustAGal, Aerican-
wizard, EdJohnston, Dugwiki, Foxbarking, Aldengirl, KrakatoaKatie, RobotG, Ccradio, Luna Santin, CobraWiki, Dr. Blofeld, AaronY,
Hagrinas, ABCxyz, SkagitRiverQueen, Moogyboy, AdamDeanHall, Zeitlupe, Cbrodersen, Mrath, OTR-Guy, Dogru144, Jfarajr, Kosboot,
TigerK 69, Postcard Cathy, Zephyrnthesky, Jazzeur, Albany NY, TAnthony, MasterA113, Freshacconci, Magioladitis, Phillafella, JNW,
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JaGa, Giltz1, Moonlightlady, Purslane, Jas9946, Pantheonzeus, Ustye, TroyCO76, Davidw0998, Dav115, TomCat4680, Janus Shadow-
song, Brad, Mdumas43073, Danigro89, Mrceleb2007, Cadwaladr, Fwgoebel, I v nase, Kaihoku, Lonelyboy, Andy Marchbanks, Leonard
of Vince, Starmatching, Hugo999, Cogswobble, RingtailedFox, Tesscass, Bovineboy2008, WilliamSommerwerck, Superreben, PizzaBox,
Oederweg, SGT141, Gridironrb, Frao61, Joseph A. Spadaro, English User, Lwc, Lou72JG, Kbtv123, Bonk926, Divina SJ, Add7800, Bret-
tfern, Italianlover07, Lawoman80s, Matthew Yeager, Matthew Cantrell, Seatum, Arbor to SJ, Acc78, Android Mouse Bot 3, Jackal59,
Lightmouse, Harry weasley, AlanUS, Maelgwnbot, Skinwigged, SoxSweepAgain, Pinkadelica, Diora, Drunkenpeter99, Sfan00 IMG,
ClueBot, KellyAna, Kennvido, Nick4404, Bruce1314, MCMCTT, Vonbontee, Mild Bill Hiccup, DigitalNinja, LINKDN, Someguy-kun,
Loansince, Trivialist, Thdoy2, Buckosucko212, Eeekster, MovieMadness, Niteshift36, Room317, Calpicon, Arjayay, Olbia merda, Cow-
boySpartan, Thingg, Leopea, Ryanw14, Julian1117, Ost316, PhilSchabus, Howelllm, Kbdankbot, Addbot, Cannibal62002, Jojhutton,
Ronhjones, Emksemks, Gaiole, Jarvishunt, Ccacsmss, Lihaas, Debresser, Albegood, Tyw7, Dragon574444, Lightbot, , Thwizzit,
Willondon, FuneFeai, BeckiGreen, Raphael17, Markvo, Legobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Granpu, DisillusionedBitterAndKnackered, Cot-
tonshirt, Wheeler0152, AnomieBOT, Fatal!ty, Teton4257, Pernelldh, Ulric1313, LilHelpa, Moderate2008, Xqbot, Bfern8788, Tyger63,
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GateKeeper07, Singingdaisies, LittleWink, Goomoo, Kmgodsil, Grapesoda22, Animalspirits, Lotje, WIPMG, The seeker78, MK700,
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AmericanLeMans, Tjhiggin, Mk5384, Sterrettc, Pudding30, We hope, N432138, Erpert, JDDJS, ZroBot, THATSBETTER, SamHB,
H3llBot, OGADigger, Unreal7, Wayne Slam, Autoerrant, 1906cubs, BornonJune8, WunderbAru, JackalLantern, ClueBot NG, Catlemur,
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Torontoje, DominuuxMedia, Northamerica1000, JasonsMusicPage, Supercrashocaster, Skywalker80100, CAWylie, Openmy, Batty-
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Bent, Kbdankbot, Addbot, Aaronjhill, Noozgroop, Blue954, JGKlein, Albegood, Tassedethe, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Faunas, Yobot, Bun-
nyhop11, DisillusionedBitterAndKnackered, AnomieBOT, 732SOUTHPAW, Justme89, Ulric1313, ArthurBot, Quebec99, Rev Edward
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KasparBot and Anonymous: 202
Archie Bunker Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_Bunker?oldid=696338116 Contributors: Kchishol1970, Infrogmation,
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Lucifer Morningstar 01 and Anonymous: 247
Jean Stapleton Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Stapleton?oldid=695079694 Contributors: Mav, Infrogmation, Julesd,
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Edith Bunker Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Bunker?oldid=688777858 Contributors: Edward, WhisperToMe, Raul654,
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mous: 78
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Michael Stivic Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stivic?oldid=698681549 Contributors: Kchishol1970, Andrewman327,
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Morningstar 01, BookerT204 and Anonymous: 61
Sally Struthers Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Struthers?oldid=699470270 Contributors: Mav, Zoe, Atlan, GTBacchus,
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Gloria Stivic Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Stivic?oldid=688778455 Contributors: Dpbsmith, Moncrief, Wile E. Here-
siarch, Cutler, Iceberg3k, Meweight, MakeRocketGoNow, TheCustomOfLife, YUL89YYZ, 23skidoo, Acjelen, Ral315, SidP, Ringbang,
Edlisataylor, The wub, Alex20850, Amchow78, Metropolitan90, Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry, SmackBot, Betacommand, DStoykov,
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Maybe, Jerry Pepsi, EvergreenFir, Lucifer Morningstar 01 and Anonymous: 41
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Jkatz (WMF) and Anonymous: 116
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Anonymous: 164
PostWorld War II baby boom Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_II_baby_boom?oldid=691538405
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295
Sherman Hemsley Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman_Hemsley?oldid=699319000 Contributors: Infrogmation, RadicalBen-
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George Jeerson Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Jefferson?oldid=699236594 Contributors: Moncrief, Alexf, Keresaspa,
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gressor, Johndean98, Owlster59 and Anonymous: 108
704 Hauser Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/704_Hauser?oldid=690936761 Contributors: Rmhermen, Stephen pomes, Arteitle,
Bearcat, Misterrick, RedWolf, Moncrief, Rfc1394, DocWatson42, Jesster79, MakeRocketGoNow, The stuart, EagleOne, Discospinster,
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genius, Dfrr, Anthony43221, AlexTheWhovian, WarnerFX and Anonymous: 40
Danielle Brisebois Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielle_Brisebois?oldid=694994551 Contributors: Jstanley01, Postdlf, David
Gerard, Niteowlneils, Lacrimosus, D6, Alkollar, Bender235, CanisRufus, Zscout370, Elipongo, Ral315, Alansohn, Fritz Saalfeld, SidP,
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Memarkw2, TheBlinkster, KasparBot and Anonymous: 51
Stephanie Mills (All in the Family) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Mills_(All_in_the_Family)?oldid=688781562 Con-
tributors: Postdlf, Cholling, Ruakh, Ral315, SidP, Briguy52748, RussBot, Welsh, Rms125a@hotmail.com, SmackBot, Reedy, Mike 7,
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Pedro thy master, Joefromrandb, Littlelily613, Vincelord, Helpful Pixie Bot, Arielle Laine, EvergreenFir, Lucifer Morningstar 01 and
Anonymous: 15
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Erikeltic, Mike 7, Cydebot, Rassatee, Wordbuilder, Otto4711, Ttenchantr, Thijs!bot, Bd64kcmo, RobotG, ABCxyz, Jfarajr, Jazzeur, Ma-
gioladitis, Phillafella, Rivertorch, Wrightaway, KConWiki, Henrychrist, MetsBot, RahadyanS, JMyrleFuller, Purslane, American Brit,
Davidw0998, Brad, Mrceleb2007, Knight of BAAWA, Shaulceder, Edge865, DLA75, Oederweg, BubbleDine, Lou72JG, Bonk926, Bret-
tfern, Lawoman80s, Flyer22 Reborn, Pinkadelica, MCMCTT, Mild Bill Hiccup, Trivialist, Grandpallama, Olbia merda, CowboySpartan,
Chester polarbear, Vjmlhds, Agentlame, CactusJack12345678, Addbot, Lightbot, Yobot, Websurfer246, AnomieBOT, Pedro thy mas-
ter, FrescoBot, The GateKeeper07, DrilBot, Full-date unlinking bot, Strike2216, Therealdavo2, MikeAllen, Grapesoda22, MegastarLV,
Allwham, Davejohnsan, GoingBatty, THATSBETTER, WorldMan80, Gertie1999, 2tuntony, BornonJune8, CodyBenjaminMoore, Joe-
fromrandb, Littlelily613, Timescribe, BG19bot, Skywalker80100, BattyBot, Belower1997, AlexBogue89, BDE1982, Alonzo808, Dfrr,
Mr. Yondris Ferguson, Theysavedbrain and Anonymous: 130
Martin Balsam Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Balsam?oldid=696190661 Contributors: IZAK, Paul A, RickK, Zoicon5,
VeryVerily, JackofOz, SoLando, Rossrs, Wmahan, Neilc, Formeruser-81, The Singing Badger, Ganymead, Sam, Cab88, D6, Jayjg, Mul-
der1982, 23skidoo, Rje, Lokifer, Ral315, Jakew, Schissel, Alansohn, Philip Cross, SFTVLGUY2, Cburnett, Ghirlandajo, Jef-Infojef,
Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ), Woohookitty, NormanEinstein, Emerson7, Ted Wilkes, Noirish, Mayumashu, Tim!, Edlisataylor, FlaBot,
YurikBot, RussBot, GusF, TommyP, Hydrargyrum, Merman, Caerwine, Pegship, Closedmouth, Dougdodge, Curpsbot-unicodify, Gar-
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guice, Dk1965, Jaldridge86, Neelix, Chicheley, Porterhse, ProfessorPaul, Cydebot, Treybien, Lonenut2000, Jack O'Lantern, Lugnuts, Af-
ter Midnight, Thijs!bot, RobotG, Inventif, Fru1tbat, Dr. Blofeld, Tjmayerinsf, MegX, Wildhartlivie, Magioladitis, PrincessCaitlai, Scanlan,
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hbot, Polbot, COBot, Kumioko (renamed), Moe1810, Dabomb87, Martarius, Professor Glass, All Hallows Wraith, Niceguyedc, Jeane-
nawhitney, Alexbot, Arjayay, Leofric1, DumZiBoT, Addbot, Reedmalloy, Ladibooi, Favonian, JGKlein, Tassedethe, Luckas-bot, Yobot,
Deliboo24, Comic Book Runner, Ddlfan, Cavarrone, Gothamscholar, Kingpin13, Justme89, Ulric1313, Ferrie, The Banner, Jburlin-
son, Haldraper, HRoestBot, Tinton5, RedBot, Mjs1991, TobeBot, Steviervfan3, Anthony Winward, Daniel4400, RjwilmsiBot, Emaus-
Bot, Klantry01, STP43FAN, Illegitimate Barrister, AndrewN, 2tuntony, Bushido1, Joefromrandb, L1975p, Frietjes, Vincelord, Regulov,
A.shekari, Hipermtrope, Josvebot, ERJANIK, Seoulsis, DPL bot, Johngalt2788, Toppsud, Travisbickle87, SD5bot, Weeds1239, Da-
vidESpeed, AldezD, VIAFbot, Mirzamalkam, NickKrammes, ArmbrustBot, Sgtetcher, Valetude, Stefanianj, Goblinshark17, Mr. Yondris
Ferguson, Samuel Williscroft, KasparBot, Luckyredandblack and Anonymous: 70
Celeste Holm Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeste_Holm?oldid=699785483 Contributors: Deb, Paul A, Jihg, Jwrosenzweig,
Maximus Rex, VeryVerily, Bearcat, Moriori, RedWolf, WesternActor, JackofOz, Rossrs, Gamaliel, Wmahan, Huntington, Icairns, Kle-
men Kocjancic, Demiurge, TheCustomOfLife, D6, Elyaqim, Rich Farmbrough, Guanabot, Bender235, CanisRufus, Coolcaesar, Perfecto,
Bobo192, Alansohn, Philip Cross, Cburnett, Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ), Woohookitty, Candice, Canadian Paul, Emerson7, Mandarax,
Ted Wilkes, Rjwilmsi, Koavf, FlaBot, Yorrose, YurikBot, RussBot, Azucar~enwiki, Nicke L, Fnorp, Annulla, Rms125a@hotmail.com,
Superp, Ben King, Garion96, Crystallina, SmackBot, Crisso, Kintetsubualo, Onebravemonkey, Commander Keane bot, Schmiteye,
JackO'Lantern, SashatoBot, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, BrownHairedGirl, Jzummak, Euchiasmus, Omizzle77, Billy Hathorn, Joey80, Mattbr,
ShelfSkewed, Amazinrick, Howard352, WeggeBot, Advaitjoshi, Cydebot, Treybien, Gogo Dodo, Otto4711, Ameliorate!, BurmaShaver,
BetacommandBot, Mr. Brain, JustAGal, Lud2, RobotG, Kbthompson, Convit, Tjmayerinsf, Vanjagenije, Ghmyrtle, Dsp13, StoLat,
Stonnman, MegX, Rothorpe, Wildhartlivie, Connormah, VarlaNC, Froid, KConWiki, Walter Breitzke, PhantomS, Gr8lyknow, Plas-
ticup, BostonRed, Donmike10, Thismightbezach, Shugli, Dave Andrew, Katydidit, Teatreez, Mmargrajr, Nice poa, And1987, Broadbot,
McM.bot, Snowbot, Maxim, S2grand, Joseph A. Spadaro, Metropolite, IndulgentReader, Fjykbgv, SieBot, Source-of-Info, Yintan, Inglis,
Hello71, Chestnut12, Wjwalrus, All Hallows Wraith, FreewayDan, Jeanenawhitney, Nymf, BOTarate, Unclemikejb, Light show, Savolya,
BodhisattvaBot, Kbdankbot, Addbot, Manuel Trujillo Berges, Cocoru, Jojhutton, Suena23, Jim10701, Favonian, JGKlein, Tassedethe,
Ondewelle, Lightbot, Zorrobot, Useajax, Luckas-bot, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Ordensherre, JackieBot, Piano non troppo, Materialscien-
tist, Ferrie, LiteraryMaven, JunoArtemis, Xqbot, , Omnipaedista, Hauganm, LucienBOT, Satinandsteel, D'ohBot, Masterknighted,
Stevets1, SCFilm29, Tinton5, RedBot, Earthsprite380, Anthony Winward, Canuckian89, Tbhotch, RjwilmsiBot, S.S. Miami, EmausBot,
And we drown, John of Reading, Josh Rumage, Jim Michael, ZroBot, SporkBot, BHillbillies, Routesteps, HandsomeFella, BornonJune8,
Paulsboy, ClueBot NG, Vincelord, Samuvuo, Manxwoman, Pinkmlover, ERJANIK, Gchamphendy, Clv52176, Vgirly, Radiohist, Demir-
Bajraktarevic, Catbirdcatnyc, Winkelvi, BrightStarSky, Weeds1239, DavidESpeed, Mato2012, Codehelper, MovieBu74, VIAFbot, Sug-
ardoll6, Melonkelon, Teblick, Arfwedson, Scandimonium, KasparBot and Anonymous: 112
Allan Melvin Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Melvin?oldid=699854140 Contributors: Moncrief, Rossrs, D6, Remember,
Thunderbrand, TMC1982, Bobo192, Ral315, Petdance, Dhartung, SidP, Bsadowski1, Weyes, Mikemoto, FeanorStar7, Canadian Paul,
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Agateller, GoodDay, Oanabay04, Runcorn, LeoNomis, LtPowers, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, BrownHairedGirl, Wavy G, Jc37, Cats Tuxedo,
Clarityend, Smiloid, Cydebot, Gogo Dodo, Otto4711, Lugnuts, BetacommandBot, Thijs!bot, RobotG, Beeeej, SummerPhD, Tombarris-
ter, Jazzeur, RebelRobot, Drpryr, Magioladitis, PrincessCaitlai, Gezellig, Wrightaway, Johnpacklambert, Merauk, Wtimrock, Mauitunes,
Airplane yow, Bovineboy2008, Bbahler, Snowbot, Joseph A. Spadaro, AHMartin, Karamble, GlassCobra, Monegasque, Kumioko (re-
named), Snigbrook, All Hallows Wraith, Rockfang, XusSatyrtn, Tip Ipp Ipp, Rotundor, Choo Weets, JasonAQuest, Savolya, Liberal
Humanist, Buddha-tree, RogDel, Bushwacker54, Cougarbate, Mhurdle127, Good Olfactory, Kbdankbot, Addbot, LaaknorBot, Lightbot,
Themfromspace, Fraggle81, DemocraticLuntz, Danielba894, The Ink Daddy!, Sunstroke1962, Tipp Ippp Ipp, FrescoBot, Fortdj33, Ben-
zolBot, Full-date unlinking bot, Grindor, Sowisapigtobeexact, Brandy, A Lark Is My Pet!, ZroBot, Eyes Turn Blue, Bamyers99, SporkBot,
Wayne Slam, Yarks Gar Warks, Joefromrandb, Moose141, Gogo Really Is A Dodo, Zmmp Peckham V, Radiohist, Redsky89, Oot Choo
Woo Oo Oot, Mikenystrom, Aunt Verna, Mr. Yondris Ferguson, ClassicOnAStick, Inkwell765, Sethdms20, Orduin and Anonymous: 72
Bill Quinn Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Quinn?oldid=695733895 Contributors: Robbot, Alan Liefting, Rich Farmbrough,
Trjumpet, Woohookitty, Rjwilmsi, Korny O'Near, Irishguy, Nikkimaria, SmackBot, Zyxw, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, BrownHaired-
Girl, Mwarf, Cydebot, Lugnuts, Alaibot, SummerPhD, Jfarajr, Waacstats, Kmanblue, Walor, WereSpielChequers, Kumioko (renamed),
Smith20, All Hallows Wraith, Unclemikejb, Leofric1, Savolya, Addbot, Yobot, RjwilmsiBot, ZroBot, Joefromrandb, DerickDiamond,
VIAFbot, Ricewolf, Mr. Yondris Ferguson, KasparBot and Anonymous: 7
Jason Wingreen Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Wingreen?oldid=699904701 Contributors: Samw, Rl, JASpencer, Tedius
Zanarukando, David Gerard, Bender235, CanisRufus, Ral315, Woohookitty, Canadian Paul, RichardWeiss, Graham87, FlaBot, Je-
man52001, Who, Briguy52748, Copperchair, TexasAndroid, EEMIV, Pegship, Nikkimaria, Rms125a@hotmail.com, The Wookieepedian,
Crystallina, SmackBot, Yamaguchi , Schmiteye, Bluebot, Racklever, BehemothCat, Thor Dockweiler, BrownHairedGirl, Jkaharper,
ShelfSkewed, Cydebot, Reywas92, Alaibot, Dbor009, Thijs!bot, Bot-maru, RobotG, AdamDeanHall, Pemilligan, Waacstats, Tommieboi,
Walter Breitzke, Mufka, ^demonBot2, A Raider Like Indiana, Rcb1, Scarian, All Hallows Wraith, Psternenberg, Niceguyedc, Oneidman,
Savolya, Addbot, Peterroane, Mdnavman, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Wingreen, Bfern8788, NilSineMagnoLabore, Mlpearc, Tamariki, An-
dreslopezm51, RjwilmsiBot, GoingBatty, SporkBot, DennisIsMe, Joefromrandb, Vincelord, Iste Praetor, Neptunes Trident, DrKilleMo,
BattyBot, Kharkiv07, SNUGGUMS, Teblick, Kiraroshi1976, Ceosad, HMSLavender, Wencheshimbo, Shadow Gun 1 and Anonymous: 53
Barbara Meek Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Meek?oldid=686980049 Contributors: SimonP, Robbot, Moncrief,
TonyW, Ral315, Woohookitty, NormanEinstein, Marudubshinki, Valentinejoesmith, Edlisataylor, Tedder, RussBot, Matuko,
Open2universe, Rms125a@hotmail.com, Tom Morris, SmackBot, OrphanBot, Bogsat, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Dsp13, Waacstats, John-
packlambert, Koplimek, Lancelot, Mr. Matt, Ardicius Greenknight, Niceguyedc, Pichpich, Addbot, Tassedethe, Yobot, AnomieBOT,
Bfern8788, JimVC3, RjwilmsiBot, Moswento, Joefromrandb, Bob305, BG19bot, Romeeyo, ChrisGualtieri and Anonymous: 10
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all in the family

1 All in the Family 1

2.4 Career honors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5.5 External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

11 Counterculture of the 1960s 45

13 PostWorld War II baby boom 72

18 Stephanie Mills (All in the Family) 88

19.4 Legacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

20 Archie Bunkers Place 111

21 Martin Balsam 115

22 Celeste Holm 117

23 Allan Melvin 121

24 Bill Quinn 123

25 Jason Wingreen 124

26 Barbara Meek 127

All in the Family

Sally Struthers as Gloria Stivic, ne Bunker. The

Betty Garrett and Vincent Gardenia as the liberal

Lears sitcoms including Maude, Good Times, and The

Main article: List of All in the Family episodes

1.7 DVD releases television history) in 1978. It cost producers thousands

1.9.1 Primetime Emmy Awards and Nom-

Outstanding New Series (Won)

Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: Outstanding Comedy Series (Won)

Best Supporting Actress - Television: Sally Struthers

Outstanding Comedy Series (Nominated) 1974

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Car-

Outstanding Writing for a Comedy, Comedy-

Best Supporting Actress - Television: Betty Garrett

Best TV Show - Musical/Comedy (Won) Best TV Series - Musical/Comedy (Won)

Best TV Actor - Musical/Comedy: Carroll [10] Gloria Bunker-Stivi. ShareTV.org. Retrieved 19

[20] Yee, Vivian (June 2, 2013). Stied by Times Passage,

List of All in the Family writers [22] "http://www.atarifun.com/ClassicTVSales/All_in_the_

[38] All in the Family DVD news: Announcement for All

[39] All in the Family DVD news: Announcement for All

[40] All in the Family DVD news: Announcement for All

[41] All in the Family DVD news: Announcement for

[42] All in the Family stamp at National Postal Museum,

[43] NMAH, The Bunkers Chairs. Americanhistory.si.edu.

[44] James Warren (1999-11-07). Nixon on Tape Expounds

[45] Redman - How To Roll A Blunt Lyrics - MetroLyrics.

[46] The Television Critics Association Announces 2013

1.12 Further reading

Archie & Edith, Mike & Gloria : The Tumultuous

Stay Tuned: Televisions Unforgettable Moments, Joe

2.2.1 Considered roles vision program on American television for ve consec-

Main article: Archie Bunkers Place

Golden Globe Award for Best Actor Television Se-

Golden Globe Award for Best Actor Television

2.7 Personal quotes Parrish (1961) .... Fire ghter

2.8 Partial credits For Love of Ivy (1968) as Frank Austin

The Father Clements Story (1987) (TV) .... Cardinal

Gideon (1998) as Leo Barnes The Untouchables

Archie Bunkers Place (1979) TV series (writer) The Coward

In the Heat of the Night (19881995) Numerous Bird in the Hand

Dr. Kildare (2 episodes, 19621965)

The Dick Powell Show playing Dr. Lyman Savage

Major Glory All in the Family: The E! True Hollywood Story

2.9 See also 2.11 External links

[5] Severo, Richard. Carroll O'Connor, Embodiment of So-

[6] Shattuck, Kathryn. Carroll O'Connor. The New York

[7] Sigma Phi Epsilon -- Prominent Alumni. Sigma Phi Ep-

[8] All in the UM Family - O'Connors Donate $1 Million