\2 Electric current is the fundamental $1 electricol dimension , with ompere (A) as Unit. Determine Units for the following quontities ,as combinotions of fundamental S! units > o.Electric Power b.Clectric Chorge C. Electric potential difference d.Clectric resistance €. Electric Capacitance Solution: a.Electric Power - Watt (WW) b.Electric Charge - Coulamb (C) c.Electric ntiol difference - Volt(V) B.TIEETre resistance - Ohm C42) e. Electric capacitance - Farad (F )14 AT what absolute temperature do the Celcius and Fahrenne it temperature Scales give the same numericol volue 7 what is the volue ? ‘Solution: ree a oF C432 5 Pe TS2 s. 5 PF= °C. -40 \s Pressures upto 3,000 bar ore measured witha deod weignt gouge The piston diameter is 4mm.Wnot is the approxi- TMaté Mass in kg Of the weights required 7 Given:2000 bor, d- 41 3 Reqd: m solution: Pe «mq A 3000x108 Fa +m (esi "s") 1 (a/2000my [m= 384.29 \.6 Pressures Up to 3,000 (otm) Gre measured with a dead we ight qouge the piston diometer is 0.17 (in.).What is the ap Proximaie mass in (ibeLetihe weights required? Given; 3000 01M ,d+O27IN 5 Req'd: idm ‘Solution: Pera «my 4aio0 psioe P/E (4) (m)(O.17 iN] F= 1006.98 by m+ F% /q =£(1000-98ID,)(32:740 Im ft / Ib; -S*)] /32.2 i/o [= 1000.2 Tm7 The reoding on a mercury manometer ot 25°C (open tothe athm osphere ot one end ) is 5.98. cm ..The local acceleration of gravity is 9.632 "Ys, Mmospheric pressure is 101.78KPo. W Rat is the obsolute preesure in Ko. Whot is the absolute Pressure in KPo being measured? The density of mercury at 25°C is 13.834 9/em Given; 25°C ,g* 9.832 st Solution: P P.Reg P: (Se.38cm (19.534 g om) "s) P.7502.28 gm/stem'+7.502 N/cm* Pe 75.02 KPO For absolute pressure: Pe7s.02 KMD 4 toneTe KPO 1s The reading ona mercury manometer ot 70 (°F) (open tothe athmosphere ot One end) iS 25.62 (in). The local acceleration of gravity is 32.249 (ft.)(sy*. Atmospheric pressure is 20.60 (infigy, Wnot is the absolute pressure in (psio? being mea - sured? The density of mercury at 70(°F) is 13.543 g /em* Given: ts 10°F 5 P+25.02 Required: P Peegh P (13.543 26m 19,828 5+) @5.0748.Cmn) Pr ce1,4952 g:m/s* crt Ps @ael4.os2 Nim Ps Beoi4.982 PO (ots Ps Pats + Paoae P+ 29.80 (if Fig)+ 25.5763 (inHg? P55, 4363 (intig) (atm /29.92 intig) (101325 Pa /iatm)(!P2" ose) (14.5038) P-27.229 psio [Ps 27.23 psio 7928 Pa) 29.92 intig /iatm)= 25.57¢3inklgmoe coe - 19 Liquids that boil at relatively low femperatures are often stored as liquids ‘under their vapor pressures, which at ambient temperature can be quite large. Thus n-butane stored as a liquid vapor system is ata pressure of 2581 bar for a Temperature of sok. Large-scale storage (som) of this kind is sometimes done in spherical tanks. Suggest two reasons why, Answer: \- Spherical: shaped tanks most likely received less pressure coming from gases . since the area inside th ig much larger than those of ‘aubic or prisms, 2, Maximum: ‘nside the sphere wil scatter the pressure of the: gases.wo The first accurate measurements of the properties of high-pressure gases Were made by EM AMmagat in France between 18¢3 and 193 Before developing the dead-weight gauge. ne worked in a mine shaft, and used a mercury manometer for measurements of pressure to more ‘than 40 bar. Estimate the hneight of manometer required. Given: ‘Psaoo bar Required: height Solution: qoobar x TERA 5 4197 Pa = 4x1o7 Nim? \ bor pe ne PU(Pg) ne x07 N/m? (09,546 kg Im Lacernis*) hs 301.0093 [n= soos] P= (50-GFOW.X Pres) P+ (1.5461 000g) Pe ste kgim?os \w_ An instrument to measure the acceleration of gravity on Nars is constructed ‘a spring from which is suspended a mass of 40K. Ata place on earth where ‘the local acceleration of gravity ‘sa. mis? the spring extends t.oeom. when the instrument package i¢ landed on Mars, it endies the information that the spring is extended 40cm. what is the Marfian acceleration of gravity Given: me 0kKg g:3e mis? Required: 4g on Mars scution: ae Ge 00 Cro kg (9-81 mist) an 040K » (4okg) (gs) Go 0.0385 mic?Liz The variation of fluid pressure with height is described by the differential equation: oP, qa Vere ,Pis epecitic dencity and g is the Yara acceleration of gravity. Foran idea ns. f AAPIRT , where Mis fokar mass and ® is the universal gar constant Modeling the airosphere as an isctnerie conn of ideal gas at W"G. estimate ‘he ambient pressure in Denver , where 7 1lmilc) relative 40 sea evel For cir fake ‘Me 19 qmol" values of Rare given in App: Amoe lia A.group of engineers landed on the moon ,ond they wish to determine the MASS of somtG rocks. They have a spring scae calibrated to read pound mass ata location where the acceleration of gravity is 32.186 (Ft)(s"*).0ne of the moon rocks ives a reading of 1614 of thie scale. What ic ite mass? What is its Weight on the moon? Take q moon) » 5.52¢Ft(s"). Given: = 82.186 Ftls? Qnean* 5:22 FS? 216.76 hp Required @m (©) W on moon solution Ca) m- 86 x seme set S30 HE i= 13-486 Ibm | wing Oe « u.te tom 3.32 CHES Daa ane fe (32.196 fH1s?)(5.32 #1184) Ww Wee bgUA 70-watt outdoor security ight bulbs on average 1ohours a day. A new pull costs $5.00 and the lifetime is about .emhours. elecricity casts $010 per ‘KWchour. what ic the yeary price of * security” per tight ? siven cost + $5.00 ‘+ hours Iday Required: cost ‘solution: [oo ts (ifetime) /rohrs day) + 00 (24s days faodays = 3.66 # 07 KIT ($010 TKWCNE) x aS days « § 25.95 ind year cost, = $2000 4 $2555 costs = $45.55 Nyt]L UB. Aas is confined ina 125 ct) aiameter cylinder bya Piston, on which rests 4 ‘weigh! The mass oF the piston ana Weight together Is 280 (bm). The local aecel= eration of gravity ic 32.169 (F1(8)"2, ond atmaspheric pressure is 30.2 Cinq). ‘a. wnarie me force in Clog) exerted on tne gas by thE atmospnete , Ihe Piston, and The weight , assuming no friction between. Piston and a cylinder? . wnat isthe pressure of the gas in (Peta)? c.f me gas in the cylinder is Nealed, it expands, pushing the piston and swelgnt upward. Fhe platon anc weight are reiged 1:7 C41) yma is The ‘workdone by the gas in Cibf-f19? whais the change in P.E of tne piston ana weight? Given: 1.286" w+ 260m, Ps 30.21nHg Required: FP 5A “sono: 0.20.9 ing (108m 29.928) 147 os, Fe mo/ac Ra: F + Le@sotom)(32.169 ft /g317/ 632.1740 tom: Ft /F1b -s41L 1/4 (ASIN?) F 2808 0366 lbf* 866 0810p TA e (nous ear /c0 Nn! 2 =4v.216 si Cratm /14-7 psi)()01228 Pa /atm)(1 bor /10 Pa)(14.5053 Psia /1 bar) [Pie.2064 pei cowie Ws (8008.0960 IDF) .764) ‘we (4070-8622 Ft. IDF) w= 4970.5022 (HIDE wae PE = 970.5022 fHby atm) = 14.798 10s fin?He. Agos is confined in a. 0-47 in «diameter cylinder bya piston, on which resis 0 ‘welgh-The mass of thre piston and weight feqeter {¢ 160Kq.The lecal accel - eration of gravity is 9.018 m/s*, and atmospheric pressure {¢ 101.57 Koa. 1A. wnat i the Force io newitons exerted hy the ctmacthece.me picton {and te wetgnt assuring no friction between me Piston and cylinder? 'b. wihal is tne pressure of thé gas in KPa’? ‘C-iP he qos inthe cylinder is healea, it expands, pushing tne piston and weight Upward. the piston ond weight are coised 0.83m, what is The work one by Me gasin Ks twat is tne change in Potential Energy OF Ne piston and weight? aiven 64Tin jmet804q Required : FP APE solution a.Frmas PA F-10209 9.818 1549+ H010708 19083. 8F7N a7 P+ (9098.78178) [P= Nosy. m7 Fa owe ‘4+ (19098.7017N) (0.88) ‘wir 18047. 88805 15.85 KY ware ‘APE 6.05 KS P14 fo. mY] 74 «(0.81)")118. AN automabile having a mast of 1.250 kg is travelling at 40 mis. what is ite Kinetic eneray in KI? How much work must be done fo bring it 10 @ stop? Given 1.280 ka 5 40 mi Required: KE |W ‘Sejyrion KES amv? KE = 1/2 (1,250 KQ)(40 mis)” a “AKE «w We 1600 «IFLig. The turbines in a nydroeledrie plant are fed By waler falling from a 5o-m reign. Assuming, 017. efficiency for conseryarion of Rerentfal to etectica} tenexgy. and 87. 1s of me reculing power in transmistion what is the mast flowrate of water required to Power a 200-wath taht ul? Given’ hesom ‘91%b Efficionoy 8% loss P 200 Watt Required i = aK T for we os Jost = 7.026% 0° J = 142.30 Btu 742.36 « Cingh [gc) x 11198 ranges m (sn AXstB0) yt 22 186 309.09 fom he21 Anon conducting container filled with askg of water ot 20°C is filled with o stirrer, which is made to turn by gravity acting ono weig- Nt of moss 35 kg. The weight falls slowly through ddistonce of Sm in driving the stirrer. Assuming that all work doneon the weight is transfered tothe water and thot the local acce- eration of gravity is 9.8 "st, determine: .The omount of work done onthe water. b.The internal energy change of the woter. ¢.The final temperature of the woter, for which Cp" 4.16 KIM d.The amount of neat thot must be removed from the water to return to its initial temperature e-The total energy change of the universe because of WIthe process of cooling the water back to its initial tempera- \ure, (27the process of lowering the weight ,and (3) beth process together, Given: Mwe #35Kq 3 12 25M 5t,+20°C Coe41ekT/kg*C Required: W,AU, ty .Q Solution: OW? Myo *Q + 07. W: (35kg)(9.81m/s* (5m) Wes KT by Aut W, BUF 118K) = CyByegn’s : (2:14 202.2177 dU +d (PV)* Cod Since Pisconst6nt, this con be written as: Mayo -CodT Mags “BU + Mago “PV Toke Cp and Vconstant ang integrate: Mayo “Co (ty t,) =U" ty sty + DUT/ (Maye Ce) 20 + LTISKS / 8KQ)L4.18 KI/"C> 4) For the restoration process, the change inthe internal ene ray is equal buiot opposite sign totnat of the initial process, 2) In alicases the total internalenergy of the universe is zero2.2 Renork problem 2.1 for on insulated contoinertnot changes in temperoture along with the water and hos a heat copoci ty equivalent to 5kg of weter.Workthe problem with + 9) The water and cantainerasthe system bythe woter alone as the systern Given: Mae #3549 5 + 3.6m/st Required: W,OU',Q, ty Solution: OW! Mw gz W: (35k9)(9.8) m/s?) (5m) 17s kT, 2.3 An egg initially at rest, is dropped onto 0 concrete surface ‘ond breaks With the egg treated as the system, © What is the sign of W? b) What is the sign of AE»? c) What is DEy? d> What Aut @) Wnot is the sign of G7 In modelling this process assume the passoge of sufficient time for ¢né_ broken egg 70 return to its initial temperature What isthe origin of the heot transfer ine Explanation: a) Since work is dong-by gravity sW*0 b)Since the eleyorion of the E99 Gecreases »Sign iS¢-) Saeco both inits initial and finol states ; whence BE. FO BUY VEL eW=0 2. Gis negotive ¢-)2.4 Anelectric motor under steady load draws 8.1 amperes at 110 vo its, delivering 1.25 (np) of mechanical energy. What is therate of neot transfer from the woter in kW? Given: |- o:7amp,E = Nov 5 W.2shp. Required: Weesricty ‘Solution ; Weecicity + 1+ E W(g7amp)(1ioV) WW > j.087 x108W Q + Weer - Wineen G+ 1.0673 x10". 2.5 One Mole Of gad inoclosed system undergoes O four step the rmodynomic cycle. Use the dotagiven inthe following table to determine numerical values for the missing quontities,i.e., * fil in the blanks” step | au'/J | ars [wit 2 200 7 | -@000 2 2 -se00 | 7 34 2 800 300 a 4100 a 2 12341 eu 2 =1,400 Given: TABLE + Requitéd ; Missing Quontities Solution: Eq.(2.3)Aut -a+w Step tor : BUS *-200J ; Wa: Good Gq AUy (OaS8 10°F) Step 3104:Qu = -8007 | Wu = 3003 QUT Qa tN 5 (AUS, ~500y Step ioztosto4 01 :Since HU 10 state function AU foraserie 5. of steps that leads bockto its initialstote must be zero.Theref ore ,the Sum of the AUt values forallof the steps must Sumo zero. DU'y: 4100 : AUS =-AUYy- DU, “AU, U'y# - 4000 J] ‘Step IFO: AUtys -4xior} [Oy 38007 Way AUSa- yy We = 209]2.8 Aclosed, non reoctive system contains species 1and2 in va por equilibrium. Species 2 1S 0 very light gas essentially inso \uble in the liquid phase. The. vapor phase Contains both s pecies | ond 2. Someadditional moles of species2 areadd ed to the system , which is then restored to its initial Tand P.Asaresult of the processes does the total number of mo- les of liquid increase decrease, or remain unchanged. Explanation The phase rule C£q.(2.199 yields: F2-ks+N-2-2+2-2.Speci fication of TondP gix€s the intensive state, and thus the ph: ase Compositiofs ,of the system.Sincetnne liquid phase is pure speriés 1, addition of species 2 tothe system increo- ses, j3xGmount in the vapor phase. If the composition of the vapor phose is tobe unchonged, someot species imusteyo: Porote from the liquid phase ,inus decreasing the moles of lig: vid present. 2.9 Asystem comprised of chloroform, 1 4-dioxane and ethanole exists 0S TWo phage vapor / liquid system at 50°C and SB KPO.T isfound after the addition of some pureethonol, That the sys tem con be returned 10 two-phase equilibrium at the initiolT nd P, In What respect hos the system changed ,and inwhot respect has itnot changed. Explanation: ‘The phase rule (Eq. (2.771 yields: Fe2-K4N=-2-243+3,.Withonk y Tond P fixed,one degree of freedom remains.Thusch- ‘onges in rs pase composition $ are possible for the giv- enTond P J¥éinanol is added in aquantity thot cllowsTo- 1d Pf eennolis added ina quantity that allows Tang Probe restored totheir initial values, the ethanol distributes it self between the phases soastoform neweauiliorium phase co mpositions and altered amounts of *he vapor ond liquid pha- ses,Nothing remains the same except Tand P.2 Aank containing 20kg of woter at 20°C is filled with a stirrer the: tozivers work fo The woter at the rote of 0.25 kW. Howlongd- ces it take for the temperature of water toriseto 30°C if no neat is lost fromthe water? For water,Ce 418 kT/kg'e Given: M 20K Co 4.18 WT /MQie Ate tote We: .25 kW Required : Enthalpy :,W et ‘Solution: Theenthalpy At» MCpbt iW a toys 19 KT /kg"C) 28kKW7" (Bes 328 be] 2.12 Heat inthe amount of 1.5kJis added toa closed system while its Internal energy decreases by 12 kJ. Howmucn energy is transfered o$ work ? Fora process cousing the some.cha- ge in state but for which the work is zero ,hew much he ot is transfered? Inge of *he water work done Given, M> 20kg Qe7.5hI AUs ~12kT Required: Wanda, ‘Solution: WeAU-G We 12 OS Weg. Quad O -2kF,218 A steel casting weighing 24g has on initial temperature oF sto'C . 40 kg of ‘water initially at 25° is contained ina perfectly insulated steel tank weighing ‘5k. The casting is immersed in the water and the system is allowed to come ‘to cauiibrium. What is its final temperature ? lanore effects of expansion or contraction , ond assure constant specific heats of 4.18 KIT kq-K for water and 0.80 KITKg-K for steel Given: Mes 2g, My + 10K Ce* 050 KI/kg"C Cow? 48 KSIKQ'C Ee Me + My Gu BTw £0 (2kg)l0.sK5/hg"C) (Ty 5m) | GOlGX au Ks 1g °6) Ty 25) “025 One kg of liquid at 25° a) Experiences a temperature increase of IK. What ig Aut in KI? Db) Experiences a change in elevation 2. The change in potential encray AEp is he came as DUE for part (a)-Wnat is Az in meters? €) Is decelerated from rest to final veocity 0. The change. in Kinetic enenqy AKE is the same as Aut for part (a). What ig in mis? Compare and discuss the results of the ‘nree preceeding parts. Given: msikg Gar 48 KSTKG'K Required: Aut, A2,¥ ‘tution @ aK Aut = moat ut (ka C497 Kg KXIK) bute ay (0) dtpsfut BE Bey! mg 2+ 424.581 © Bens ou + ‘am " /S= .0K9) ve 91.43 mls2 A tnydroturbine operates with choad of som of water.tnlet and outlet conduits ore 2m in diameter. Estimate the mechanical power developed by the turbine for an ‘outlet velocity. of smi Given: A1-som P= eco Kgl ve sms De 2m *pya a oT n= (wooo Kglm3 YES is X 5.42 m*) the Asn, xa6% kgis We tigar We Cistrx10# kgls XC9.ehmisX som) We 7.697 x08 KW.2 Liguid water ct 0" dnd 1,002-7 Ra has an internal energy (on an arbitrary scale) F 142.0 KIIAG and a specific vohIMe oF 1128 cmt 1g, 4) What is its enthalpy? 1b) The mater is brought to the Vapor state at an0'e and sto KPA, where its internal eneray 2:784.4 K5IKg and its specific volume is 9.11 an 91g. caulate ‘BU and i for she process. Given: Ue 162.0 KS Kg Py wo2.7kPa Was Line amsig Required: 4H, OM, AU Solution: (@) We WP, : Hs + 162.0 KS kg tC 02,7-KPaNCL428 omg) Wy = 163.11 KS Oya Us A; AU Us -uy -[a0ee a TAG) Was (2186.4 10 kg) + (150 KPa)C49-1 am 1g) Wire 112.6469 KOK AR» Warts « [275.6 WITS]2.28 An incompressibie ( P= canctant) liquid flows steady through a conduit of cirau- lar cross-section and increasing diameter: At location 1, the diameter is 2:Scm and the velocity is emis ; at jocation 2, the diameter is scm. a) What i¢ the veleity ot location 2? ) What is the Kinetic energy. change. (SIkg) of the Fd. between cations Vand 2? Given 0. 25am vie emis Des san Required vat2 , Bty Seton: (a) For an incomprewible fui, constant. By a mass balance, tn WA,P = Thp vet (ay A seis (28cm)? Ga) vs osmis OBE Lye dt 2 DEK =} Cosmisl? -} Camis)? DEKE (85 Tig2.23 A stearn of warm water is produced in a steady flow mixing process by combining OKgIS oF con water ot astc with 08 Kgl of hot water at 15°C During mixing , neat is Yost to the surroundings at the Fate. of 30 KTIs. What isthe temperature of the warm Water stream? ASUME the spedic heat of water constant at 4.8 K3 kak Given fi, tkgls Ty 50 my + 0.8 kgls Tee 8 @ + -s0 Ts Gran Required tution: nergy Balance + tny-Hs- Giby° Bi 4 fhy a) = & Mass Balance + ti -fhy-ths *0 Therefore = ry City>) 4 gharCHly Ha) * or taCpCTs-Ta74 tis G Cy Ta) = & Tay (ins + iD YG + tv 4 Hace Tye & ri cpty 1 acpTa C8 ty ep Tye 49.05°C1125 Water at 20°C flows in a horizontal pipe in which there is no exchange of either heat or work with the surroundings. I's velocity is wmis ina pipe. with ‘an internat diameter of 25cm until it flows into a section whnere: tne pipe diame ~ ter cbruptly increases.Wnat ic the Temperature change of the water if the down stream diameter is 3.0 cn? fit is 15 cn? What is the maximum temperature change for an enlargement pipe? Given Tyo 8% Wale Denson Required: (@) BT when D> 38cm (©) BT when D= 150m {c) maximum tonperature change scution: G@) AW © BPE 4 AKE = @-Ws 1h = -OKE - from: A, * Mat, oc ts KES -Hle (ooh mls 14 mld) 08 ag OKI A CoD 0.08 KOIig = 48 KSI K (1-30) =O. 4 158.8 = A187 To smnge K ¥ 77.95°C BT + men > 0° ‘Bie -000°e (0) from «Ri. = Pat a ( 2s fo)® 69 ns) Th (is hor Yasise ms KE > Ya (osu? 48) + 94-76 & 0.087 KITARE = AR = CoAT DoT KSTKg © 418 KI/kg-K (T- an) =UO8T + 1258.18 48T Te 20.98 K 1.8% °C 28% ©) maximum temperature change +} AT = 0%1.26 fifty (50 kn) per hour of air is compressed from Px L2bat to fa Gobar in @ steady flow compressor. Deivered mecranical ower is 98.KW. Temperan ures and velocities oe: = ak Ty: 670K som Yes 45 mis Estimate the rate of heat transfer ffom the compressor. Assume for or that Go# T2R cd that ethan is depenien oF pressure. Given: Ty ak Tu bok Y= fom ys 35m MW 39 Kgl : Required’ @ a Sontion NG th + (ln) (6.3487 Sok) ( 510-300) K = 6:90 10 WS sow by Equation (2-20: Ge Low ule = Ul “MWY Ae1m Nitrogen flows at a steady state through a horizontal , insulated pipe with In- side diameter of 1s Cin). A pressure drop resuts from a flow through i partially ‘opened valve. Just upstream from the vale, the pressure is 1o0(psid) , the ‘remperature ic 10°F, and the average velocity is 2081s. f Ne pressure just downstream from the vaNe is 20(p6ia), what is the temperature? Asume the nitrogen that PY/T is constant, Cv= Sh R , Cpe TR. Die sin Rye wopsia We m0 Wy toftls Te? soution : by Equation (2-38)b ane bv? Te by Continurty , constant Area WeeW Me WLR 5 AUT Tt woe Th a (ey 5 ORF Ger proved STC) jw Tr: Nas" or 578.9 *R2.30. tne following toKe Cv +20.8 and cp «29.1 3/mo*e For nitrogen gas: ‘The melts of nitrogen at 20% contained in a rigid vessel is nectted to 250°C How much neat is required if the yestel nas a negligible neat capacity? if the vesret welahs 10919. and has.a neat capacity of 0.5 KT /kq)-K RoW much Neat is required? b.four moles of nitrogen at 200°C is contained in a piston cylinder arrange rent. How much heat mus be extracted from mis system. which is Kept ot ‘a constant prescure, to coolit to 40°C if Me heal copacity of Me piston and cylinder is neqiected”, Given: Ti 36°C 12 *250°C j n* 8moes Required: Gx and Gp Suton a. Genevéts-t) reamateed(20 05 /mot"e 13.28 Ks Toke inio acco 50-30% fhe neat capacity of te vessel; men ».y Fg. (225) GenepCts-b) 6» 3449.17 /°2) 050-20) 678.022.31.19 The following take Gv +5 and C7 CetuXIomoIeY FY" For Nitraqen gas ‘a-TMree pound moles of nitcagen ait 70°F, contained ina rigid vessel, is Neated +0 550°F, ow much Neal is required if me vestel bas aneqiigibie Neat capacity 21 it weigns 200 tom and has a Neat capacity of O42 (eeu) om)r tow much heat is required? Four Round moles of Niragen at abotF is contained ina Piston/eytinaer arrangement. tow much hecH must De extracted from Tis eystem ,which is kept at constant pressure to cco t ro IB0°F iftme heat capacity of Me Piston andcylinder it neqiected? Given: t= 70°F 2" 350F,N=IMol Required: xan Gp seution 4.87 Eq.G19) Genevet-t) G+ (tbmo1)(5 Btu /mel*F) (380-10 G-m00 ot Toke intooxount the heat capacibyGF me vessel: 6= Gy CYT CY G+ ooIbm: 0:2 83 10920, b. G=A00°F or 7 eTU mol’ ror y+ a1pme) Genes) -{abmoly¢reru/mor*#)Cis0-400)"F (@-7000 BTU. fom F +3Ibme)-§ BTU /mo*F)(380-70)"F2.38, Steam at 200 (psi) and 600 °F stale 1T eniers.a tursine through @ 3-inch-aromeer pine witha velocity of 10(F8N(S)".the exhaust from the turbine is carri¢d trough ‘a 16'inch-diameter pipe andisa} 5 (psia).and 200°F [state2I. wha! iene power ‘cauiput of the turbine? Hh 1322. (Bru) Lom)? Vi =3.086.(49)8CloM Ha 146.6 (@tu)CIbm)"! Va 7B.14 (1)? Cpe? Given: Hi 1.32.6 CBrUyLIDMY" 5 Wir5.058 CFN*bM)* Hae he Cet clbeny | Va 7B. GFN)? Coen)? Required: soiution: rive m4 (i221) a Fh = HY CCaIN?- 10/5) / 3.080 113d om Fh + 9.468 x10" Ib/see coass otp seen 93.mR/ 19 Cn? Ua 7z.gay ft seu a beg aaah At Ui nt 2 vier 13.59 8tu/Ib Views sie (179.99 dTU/wW) (-4asz10T LAGE) Wah234, Carton dioxide Gas enters a water-cooled compressor at conditions P1* 15 Cpsia) cana Ti" 50*F, and is discharged al conditions *s20.PSIA) and f2 00°F. The entering (or flows through a Avinch diameter pie witn Velocity of 20 4168)" and is discharged rough a Vinch-dlameter pipe the shaft work cuppiied 40, The compressor is 5,360 (atu)/Lmol), What isthe heat transfer rate from he compressor in. cetudchr)"? NEBTUY/AbM) —Wr9.25 4?/ Com) ars20 Conun/dbm) v0.28 (19°/CIbm) Given: He = 307 Coruy/Cibm) *, Wie9.25 C/o) ts «330 cBrU, Clom) ; V2r0.28 CHF/CIbm) Required: & Soution: Hie OE an rh + 1/4 in)! -@Q0#1/5)/9.25 4/10 1 = 679.268 Ib/hr ver Taor Un 9.086 Mésee We + 5360 BTU fi} 19.032, Geta rus -UA) Ws “TN @*-98.82 BrU/tom oom "98.02 Btu/ toon) (679-268 0 /e) G>-c718 Bush.2.36. one kilogram ot air is nected reversily at constant pressure from an initial state of 200K ond bar until its volume triples. Calculate w.@,aut and AW for the process. ‘Assume foraie thal Pv/T *@3.1d barcmtmotK"! and Cp *29T/mol Civen: 13008; Pribar yA" /aeqmmol* 26402 Aequired stand au schuton weensf Pav enp curws)=nPu ss) winence wie-nPavs W==CIkg 28.9 9/mor) (tor) (2.08942 cm? /mol) weer Tae fGh/w) 9 where 13h cat) AN (9.1 ot) 2-300 4) ETE] arnat 6-02.08 a sucorsntn ETE2.51. The conditions of gas change in @ steady-Flow procest from 20% and 1,000 KPa to Ge" ara 100 KPa. Devise 0 reversible nonflow process (any number of steps) for ‘cccomplishing this change of state and calculate Au ang al for tne process on ‘the patie Of mol of gas. Assume for the gas mat Py/r is censtant Cv" (5/2)8. ona cp «7298. Given: Ri B54 mel «11298. K ;T2*333.15K PY *I0CO KPO. Pa “100 KPO Required: Avana.aw ction: ..coot at constant Wi toPy Dalleatat constant Pr tor Tax +1 (Pa/P1) -29.315 Wb *-Tar Tb" 208.035 ‘ta sT097 ‘T0*-203.035K ab cpato sme ig ava “cud 38464 10°F mel Mircea a8 03 fed Vi (Rta/%1) "0.026 m¥ nod ‘Ata ~AUarVs CPP) *-T0TT H10*T ATO AUD: G3I5x10°T /eno} au-auataue Anal Vate ‘AN 140 KI/mOl2.40. A system of Propane ana n-butane exists in two-phase, Vapor /liquia equilibium ‘at\a bar and 329 K.The mete fraction of propane is about 0.67 ine vapor phase ‘and abou! 0.40 in the tiqurd phase. Additional pure propane is added to me system, ‘which Is brought again to equilibxium at the same Tana &. with born tiquia and vapor phases still present.wnat is te erect of the addition of propane on the mole froctions of Propane in the vapor andl \iquid phases? EXPLANATION! Tractor with the phase rule. the syctesn NaS 2 degrees of freedom Once tana P are specified, tne intensive state of theeFStem is fixed. Provided the wo phases ore “sn present their compostigns Cannot change.11, Ermylere enters @ turbine ato For Gnd 460K , and exnaust at ratm an 525%. for rh +45 Kg/S, determine the cost C of te turbine. State any assumphons you make Bala: MTG. Ya" 536.9F/KQ — C/g + (uBACODLII WER ven: Hora Hae 836.917Kq 1g 0200654) x0) nequired: cost Soutione mrasigis Assuming at the compressor is adhavatie (4-0) Neglect cnonges Ih KE ana PE Wirral) 1+ .5KG 6) 6336.94 kg - Ton Kg) WF 80g ew) 1s 15200 (INU (Far) [earrsaaeF‘24, Express the volume expansivity and the isothermal compressib- lity a8 functions of density ¢ and its partiol derinotives. For wo- ter at 50°C ONd bor, k= 44.18 x10 bar” To whot pressure must Moter be compreseed at 50°C to chonge ite density by 1"/.7A- ssume that k isindependent of P. Given: Pr tbor ke 4a.ig xo bar Required: R Solution: BtVPY(OPIOT » we O12) CdP/AT In aod AP: 226.2 bor24 For liquid woter the isothermal compressibility isgiven by kee VCP +b) where cand © ore functions of temperoture only If 1kg of woter is compressed isothermatly and reversibly from | 0 500 bor at Go" zhow Much work is required ? At Go"C, b=2,100 bar and ¢>.125 crn. g" Given: m+ 1kg P sibor F.=Soobor 1 G00°C b= 2,100 bor ce asemig Required: W Soiution: OV/v = pat: kdP 2.010 dv/v 5+ kdp ke Chev Dit + OWN FE VCR 4DI JOP sine ao x Sh pov We 1096 fh PIC C/ PHS OP W= 1000 x fl" (- pe /p+b Y1dP Ws =o LOR-P)-bin (Rab /Prby] We-1000 x. 125 (499-2700 x Jn 3200/2701) We: “125 (499-2100 x 1655) W125 (499-447) [= -¢500 em atm‘a5 Colculote the reversible work done in compressing 1 (4) of mer cury ct acon stam temperature of 32(°F) from (atm) to 3,000 (otm) The isothermal compressibility of mercury at 32°F is: ke fatm+ a0 16 = 0 x10" Pot) Given: a+ 3.9 x10%/atm b:-0.1 x10" atm P.e votm 2,000 om Ve A Required: W Solution: Combine Eq (1.3) and (24) for constont T CES PAP A We 16.65 atm f1*3.8 One mole of cn ideolgos with Cp = (7/2 Rand (5/2)R *Cv expands from Resor aNd: @0K to F «bor by each of the following, pots: o.Constont Volume;b.Constont Tempic. Miobotically ‘Assuming mechonicel reversibility ,colculote W.0,AU1,0nd AH foreach process, Given; P, -Bbor 5 P=IDOF 7, =GOOK ; CprC7AIR 4Cy SAI Required: W,Q, SU and OH Solution: 3) Wo BU=Q «CvAT Tete BUR s ATAT ET, aT +5256 QUO =CyAT BU=O+(5/27R (5.29 -Gook) AU =G + “10.91 K3/mol ArsCpAt Atte AR CS26% - cook) SH = -15.2e°I /mol DAU-DH=O ,G =W Ince) (WEOr 10.37 KI/mol] a0 ou 3 Co/Cy Tet eee T, +331.227K Oth W + BU: -5.586KJ /mol BM Cot AH = CAR (931.227 - Goo) =7.821 KS /mol Cy bT33 Anideo| gos initially ot Gook and 10 bor undergoes a four-step mes honicolly reversible cycle ino closed sysiem.In step 12, pressure decreoses isothermotly to 3bor;in step 23, pressure decrea- See of constant volume to 2ber + in step 34, volume decreas. es ot consiant pressure; and in siepai” the gos returns a- diobaticolly +0 its initio) state Toke Cp (7A YR ONG Cv= (5/29R 0) Sketch the cycle on GPYGiogrom 1b) Determine where unknown boinTg P for stotes |,2,3,0nd4 ©) Colculate @ Ws AU and BH foreach step of the cycle Given; P, 1oDOr ;T,GOOK 47% =a ;Cee (7 IR 5CazCSAYR Required: @,W. OU, Solution: v= RT./R + 4.988 x10? m'/mal Step): Adiabatic eT CAD! Tes 378.081 K Ug Cv o-Te) 5B 4.597 Ie Teme! tla Co (Ty-Te) TA Ran = 6.436 410° T/mol (Gx =o Jmol Wa = Dy 5 [Wa24597 246° J /rnol Sep 2): Isetbentan bus ‘ora Ota =[OLimel) Qn + - RTIn(Pr/e) {6.006 x10*F mol Wa + -Gy + -6.00@x107J /mall Step 23: |soboric Aug COT = Fa1s7 xi0°J mol BMy=Cebt:[- 5.82 xic% T/mol Qis + CoB -[-4.157 x10" 3/mol Was: S/mot Step 34: Isobaric DUse #Cy Cte-ts) -[5499.397 T/mol BM Co tarts Jmol Dye Cp Cyt) @15.996'T/mo} Was = -R Cty ty) *[175.999 T/mol}210 Anideol gas .C,« (5/2) andy: (2/2)R ,ischonged from P- 1 bar and \*: 1am" 10 R+ 2 bor ond Vt: 1m? by tne following mec: honicolly reversible process 19. Isothermel compression D.Adiobotic. compression followed by Cooling ot constant pres sure c.Adiobotic compression followed by cooling ot constant volu- me. d.tleating ot constant velume followed by Cooling ot constant pressure. @,Cooling ot constant pressure followed by heating at consta- nt volume. Calculate ot O,W, DU‘ and Si foreach of these processes , fond sketon The paths Of all processes On a single PYdiogram Given: P+ ibor; P=12bors Wer? 5 Vest? Required: O,W, AU", On Solution: For all ports of the problem: T,=T, and AU:BH+00Nd G+ -W a.Work > ARTInt& /P)+ 2982 KI; G: - 2987 KT bv. Step i: sae compression to P, b-S/3 |, (B/R Yt where Vi is the intermediate volume. 2.702 m? ‘Siep2: Cool ot constant R To. W, + Pn) Wi 2042 KI We Wis W, 2 5106 KI)€.Stepi: Adiabatic Compression 10V1 RRL Na P(> @2.e86 bar We PPM 2Ge35kT ut ‘Step 2 {No Work @.Step 1: Isochoric process Step 2: Isobaric Cooling : Wi: -R WW) [W. = 13200 KT e.Step |: Cool at constant Fito, =P) WOOK348 Gas ot constont TandP iscontained ino supply line connecte d through a valve too closed tank containing the same gas ‘at a lower pressure .The valve is opened to allow flow of gas inte the Tank, ond then is shut again. 0) Develop a general equation relating nondn. ,the moles lo Tmass) of gas in the tank at the beginning and end of the process ,40 the properties U, and U: the internal energy of the gos inthe tonk atthe beginning and end of the proc- c2o,0nd H*, the enthalpy of ihe gas intothe tank, andto Q, the heat tronsfered to The material inthe tank during the process. b) Reduce the general equation toits simplest form for the special case of on ideal gos with constant heat capacities ©) Further reduce the equation of (b) forthe case of n1:0 3) Further reduce the equation of (c) for the case in which in addition ,a=0 2) Treating nitrogen as an ideal gas for which Cp: 2IR apply the appropriate equation to the case in which a ste- ady Supp Of nileoGen al zs"C ond 3 bor tlows into an eve cuated tonket4 m volume, and Calculate the moles of nitro- gentnas ftw into the tank to equalize the pressures of the two cases: |. Assume that no heat flows from4 he gas to the tank(toequ Glize The pressures for #wo coses}or through the tank W- alls. 2.The Tank weighs 400kg, is perfectly insulated, has an init: iol temperature of 25°C, has a specific heat of ae kT hg'K’ and is heated bythe gas soas always tobe at the tempe. rature of the gas inthe tank2:7 Arigid, nonconducting tonk with avolume of 4m? is divided in tO1Wo equal ports by athin membrane .One side of the mem. brane, representing 3 of the tank contains nitrogen gos ot ebar ond 100°C, and the other side representing 7/2 of the ‘tank ,is evacuated. The membrane ruptures and the gas fills thetank (0) What is the final temperature of the gos ? Tow much wo rkis done 7 Isthe process reversible 7 b) Describe a reversible process by can which the gas -4.808 KT/mo} eth RoR Wa #RTln LRRD My Cp UTS) Gy AMs Us: @ 4W= Cy C-T) Was BUss -Oyy Work: Wa 4p + 4.972 kT/mol .aU-W 422.804 kT/mol 20215 KT, 40315K jR=tbor; R=10b‘223 One mole of onideal gos, initiclly ot 30°C and 1bor, undergoes the following mechanically reversible changes. itis Compressed is othermally toa point such that whenit isheoted at constant vo- lume 16120°C itsfinal preseure is bar, Calculate O,W.U,,0- Nd Ot for the process.Take Cp «(72 IRONd (52) R=Cv Given: Tr 303.15K 5 Te-T, 47, 393.15K Re ior 5P, «12bor Required: QW, AU ond On solution : For the process :AU+ Gythy-T,) + Le7) KT Jmol DH =CpCTs-1)+ 2.619 KT /mol step 12: PPT Fis Qzbor (203.19K)1 /999.15K Wa RTM (RIP) Wa + 5.608 kT/mol Qar-We 2 Oy +-5.c08, wsims—— Step ae Wa, sOKT/mol , Que AU Tor the process : W* Wa +Ws G=On 1On WN: 5.G08 kJ/mol [Q= -3.197 kTimol2.24 Aprocess consists of two steps: i) one mole of oir at T= goo ‘and P:abar is cooled ot constant volume to T> 380K. (2) Thecir is then heated ot constant pressure until its temperature rea ches aooK. If this two-step process is repioced byo single isothermal exponsion of the air from Book and bar to So me final pressure P, what isthe value of P that makesthe work of the two processes the Some 7 Assume mechonicol reversibility ond treat oir as an ideal gas with Cp+ CAR o nd Cys (SADR. Given: T= e00K Ps abor Ty: as0bar) Mz yT 350K Required: P Solution: Wr Wnt Pa ONS Gs-T,) but tet 50 Work 2 RCT) Also We FtIn (F/R) therefore sin (PIP) = (T/T. peptoennd P= 2.279 bar]4.32 Caloulate 7 qnd V for Ethylene at 25° and t2bar by the following equations: ‘)The truncated virial equation Cg, (3.4071 with the following experimental valies of virial coefficients: Be-i5o.tcm3 /mol C= 9.450 can / mol? bythe truncated virial equation CEq. (3.36) , with the value of & from ‘the gencraized Pitzer corretation C &q, (9.631) ) The Redlich Kwong equation 4) The Soave | Redich {Kwong equation €) The Peng! Robinson equation Given: Tes182.3K Ts 198.8K fe 90.9 bar Ps 12 bar Required: zandV ‘¥= 1919 an? /mol PY=2RT 2+ PVIRT = (abar)(igg cms lot) (C1847 ane bar fm YCap2.34) [zz059} (0) B= 0.0g3- 0422 / Tee = 209 Bi 038) ve 2RT/P [V= 1918 cm¥ Fa © For Peng IRobinson: WG Qe00m9 Fe DASTA = [1 (0.3744 + 1.54226 @- 0.26992 w2)(I-Tr*S J? qe WAC) /-a fe Qirhir = 0.006 Lelt B-qb-@-p) (Creep N24 0p)1 ea) Y= EAT = (0.921 85.497) (299.16) | 12 Ve 100 6 en? fol333 Calouate 2 and V for ethane at so*c and wbar by the following equations ‘The Aruncated virial equation Cg. 3.40] with the following experimental 7 values of viral coefficients: Be -e.r.an¥ mal C= 9.650 cm ol? b)The truncated virial equation C Eq: (6.2871, with a value OF B from general- ized Pitzer correlation LEq, (3.6391 The Rediich ‘Kwong Equation 4) The Soave 1 Peden / Kwong Equation €)The eng! Rabinson Equation Given Te 2.6K Yeo 5.3K P> star Pee 49.2 bar Required: 2 and Sonstion: a. V= 142 cm? Jmol PV=2RT = PVIRT = (5 Y(1625) / (83-147 )( 323.6) 0.422 | Tre “30 0.39 una Tr 9 Bi sone Ds T= 14 (8% 4 wb!) (Pr MTr)= Om Ve ORT R= (osge) 3.697) (37208) / 49.12 - Ve 194 cm Tol ]© G1 Fo Be ocmes Fe 04rHB die) ees = 059 + 0.9177 qe vecany +4589 b> atrlte =0.0052 1 WB -QB (r-B)/L(24 £6)(24 0) Ve RTP + (0.906 Xt3.987 1038.6 146 [= tonne Fo} @ on eo a: c0mes Yoosrn Cie Coens 1514 @ -o1nt9? )C1-1128))* = WAU) 4599 Be Q0eit » v.12 Le Wt B-Q8-(2-plUCate plat op)) 0.9 Ve IRTP + (0.9K. © onk eG soon T0451 ATH (0.37404 + 4226 @ -0.26992 04) (1-715 J}? 4 TA lar B+ aWlIr= 00152 Le B-qb(2-p) [UC24 €AIL2406)) 0.89% Ne 2RT/P > (0.894)(t3.1967)(323..6 )(6) Ve 105.5 a3 Imol34 Calculate zardV for suifur hexafluoride at 15°C and tsbar by the following equations lhe truncated Viriah Equation Ca. (3.01), with a valic of ® from the gene- rained Pitre correlation fEq. 4631. . b) the truncated virial equation [g.(s.40)] with the folowing experimental values of virial cocfficients: B+ 194 om? mol >, 800 cnt rl? The Redlich! Kwong equation d) The Soave / Redlich/ Kwong eration €)The Peng / Robinson equation For sulfur hexafluoride , Tes 318.1 K. Pe= 31.6 bar .Ve= 198 cm? /mol , and «= 0.286 ven: Tsk Pe wsbar fer 5. bar Required! and Souution: (@) Be Fars imo\ C=, 300 cm / mal? Mi 8s aw vt [ee 1127, can? Tra] > AIR [0 (©) B= os - o4an [Tet + - 0.003 1 K Bs ong. 0.n2 (Te: gon opto aa as 14 (84 8) -PrITe 2 har Tow FTC area” 0 We ZRY7P = (0.999 1003.8 39015) / 5 [et a fo (c) For Redlich | Kwong Ol Gd 008 Yro.gene “(hed vessel at Go*C and 4.0nkPa: b) The temperamure at which 4okg of ethane stored ing OW m3 vessel exerts rescue. 20,¢00 KPa Given Te BK = 14,000 ke @=01 Ves 06 m3 MW 39.07 gma (q « 1,00 KPa PV ant = 2Rtetr or Te =a 12 and r= PlPe = 4.us Giving Tr asa function of 2.and 357 in conjunction with E-3 + E-4 are two relation in the same variables which most be saticfied at the given reduced preccure. The intersection: Tre tags 7 049s where Te TrTe Te39u1K oF 9.53.41 To What pressure does one fill a 0.5m? vessel at 25°C in order to store 4okg of etinylene in it? Given Vt osm? Te 298.15K m=40Kg 82.3 Fe Sobor - 0.081 MWe 22,054 gma!” Required: Pp Solution: - PY-RRY ZRT OPH tz where &- PIU = 4.0153.48 IF skg OF HO ina cam? container is heated to s00°C. what pressure \s developed? Given: Myo" 5k veegm? Ts 400°C Required: P Solution, Ve ve. 4m? Te Skg interpolate, at om Iq fable F-2 at °C fo find P.4349 A 035m? vessel holds ethane vapor at 25°C and 2, 20 KPa. itis heated jo m0°C, what pressure is developed? Given: Tye 799.15K P+ 2.200kPo Ve 0.35m* Tos 905.34 Pe + 48.72 bar wean Required Pe Solution: Tas Wile + 298.15K / 06.9 K 0.951 Pes, Pe =e, 200 KP te$e KPa) /4p,72 bar - 0.152 From €, and Ey 20.006 Yer BBW /P) = 906 om* ch Trt os Assume Eq. 3.38 applies at final state: Br. outs. o4n2/Tr'® + 0.03 B'= 01809-0112 /T4? = Ose Poe Big (EVi(B" t WBIR-Tel Fe] Pas 42.66 bar]‘850 What is the pressure in g osm? vessel when it is charged with 1okg of carbon dioxide at 30°C * Given: Mt 0.5m? Ts 903.164 Te 4.2K Pes 13.83 bor m:0kg co. 0.204 Required: P ‘Solution: Tr: T = 303.6K Te a0 BY: 0.098 ~ 0.982 / Tr'* « -0.341 Bi: 0.89- ona! Tr8*+ pox, V=¥* / (iokg / MN) + 2.210 ¥ cml mol Pe RT/ LV. (8° + WB'R) Te Ped Pe Cop nari 3085 ) C2, 21008 {1-034 1(0.2247-0.026 Xba] (04, 21/0287} P= Bes bar351 A rigid vessel, filled to one-half its volume with liquid in nitrogen at {ts normal boiling point. js alowed to warm at 25°C. What pressure is developed ? The mdar volume of liquid nitrogen at its normal bolting point ic 34.7 cm3 Imol Given: Te3K Tes 1262 K Pye iat Pee akbar = 0038 Ms 29.014 glob Ve sacms Required: P Solution Tee Tes T3KTiAG2 K+ 0.618 Pr PB“ barr | 34 bar 0.08 Br: 00s -o4n2 Te + -ap4r B's aug ~ oma Fr = -1 209 De (BT WB") Pr Tr = 0.957 Raps PMiiq | 2°T = (1342) (0.957 03.47 CTT.) + 5.119x10? mol tinal conditions: Ne = (MOI + Nap Ve Vig. (Me + 68.005 cm? fmol Ts 98.16K Tre 2303 Pig REV = 359, 2bar Rediich /kwong at so high P 0.90) m>-bar cm? / mo} b= ORTel Pe = 2.757. Ich Pe RT /V-b - alv(v tb) »[450.1 bar]4352 The specific volume of isobutane liquid at sooK and 4bar is 1029 cm¥/g Estimate the specific volume at 48K and 75 bar. Given: 1. 50x Re bar Tr46K fee 1sbar Tes 408 K Pe- 36.46 bar Required! ‘specific. volume ‘Solution: tosses Mab ston Perla pose R= PMc /2RT Thus, Yee 262-7 em?/ mo} w 018 2": 0.3356 2+ 9.0156 Tent on Le 0.5356 4 (0.1810( 0.015) 120.302 Pras Fae /2RTy = 1714 Vaz Wi Pe Ira) Va 2519 cm Ino4.53 The density of liquid n-pentane is o.¢30 glam’ at y8°C and tbar-Estimate its density at Wo°C and 120 rar. Given: muse Py tbar Tae 3.5K Pas a0 bor Ps 0.63glan? Te: a. es 28.1 bor Required: G ‘Sokufion; The Tg Ta hilte 0% PvP 003 Pra ePalfer a.5u ig. 24 Pre 269 froin eB eas an teh fa (o-t9ln?)( 222) Paz 0.582 gion?354 Estimate the density of liquid ethandl at 180°C and zoobar. Given: Te453i5K Peso bar Te:513.9K Pe= 1-48 bar Nes wrem* {mol MIN: 46.06 gimol Remuired: Prt fePe + fr No Pr [vel MN) 8 (7 46.00) Pe 0-028 lan135s fstimate the volume change of vaporization for ammania at 20%. At this temperature. the vapor pressure of ormmonia is as7 KPa Giver Teaoa 6k Pegstkra Ter 405.1 Re-naotar Yer 125 emi Beso 0.053 Required: en ae 5.7K asibar “Pe N28 bar Vig Veto 428] Ve Ta amassp if 0 (A) of methane gas at Ko"F and \Catm) is equivalent to (gal) of ‘rsoling os fuel for an automobile engine. What would be the volume of the tank required to hid methane at 3.00 (psia? and. Go(*F) in an amount equivatent to wCgp) of qnvoline ? Given’ Re o.1302 ft? atm /Ibmol- Rankine T- 5197 Rankine P= tat Required! Viork Solution Ne PURT n= Gatto} ne a For methane at 2000 psi and «oF Tre THe * (59.1 Rankine )/Ci90.6 X18 Rankine) = 519.61 Ranking *1s15 Re Pe» (atu psi) (95.99 bar) = 4.496 wo from €-3 and f-4 e089 15 0.236 224 OY, 2+(004) + (0.12)(0.234) 0822 Veana* 2007. (3.609)(0.922)¢68,1471(519.1) tle Tatm Vaank + 5.636 13 (0.1202 ft#-atm/ tomol- Rankine )(sI9.7 Rankine )4359 Determing a god estimate for the compressibility factor 2 of saturated ‘hydrogen vapor at 25K and 8.213 par. For comparison.an experimental value is vomsy, Given T+ 25K Pe 3.213 bor wo Required: z solution: Galeulate Te and P, from 3.58 3.56 Tes dae / Cit 2.8K/¢. k= 30-435 Tes 0.05 Reto of 2 /2.061) Yes w.902 bar Pr = Pte = (3.218 bar)! (10.922 bar) Pre 0.298 Tee THe + (25K) / (20.889 K) ‘Tre Oba Using fitzer correction BY 0,093- 0.493 / (0.901)! = -0.005, B= 0199 -o.n2 (0.82) » -0,054 Te It (8% + WB) Fr /Tr ety (-0.gs + OX-0.254))CC0.298) 0.0621)7 TAwB)4441 Natural gas (assume pure methane) is delivered to acity via pipeline ara Volumetric rate of tv million standard aupic feet per day. Average delivery ‘Conditions are so(‘F) and 300 (psia) . Determine: a)the volumetric. delivery rate in dctual cubic feet per day, bythe molar delivery rate in Kmol per hour ©) The gas velaity at deivery conditions: in mls ‘The pipe is 24 (in) schedule -49 steel with an inside diameter of 22.624 (in) stan- dard conditions ol'F) and (atm), Given: woe Te: 190.6K feo 45.99 bar y+ 50 x10 Required: ‘hw sotution 1M standard conditions « T+ U(go-22) - 519 4 23.61 T+ 208.206 K, Pitzer cometarion: To Te + (28.106K)/090.6K) = 1516 Pre Ple* (soo psa (45.99 bar) = 0.022 Br o.w9 -o.n2itr42 = 0.19 Bt 0.083 0.42 Tr!» 0.84 T= 14 BCT) = 0.988 VBR Te 18.0858 70.098 Yoo ART /P + (0.996XR 1 ae8106) / Cain) = 0.024 mol (@) At actual condition : T+ [(30-32) 5i94 23.16]K * 28315 K P+ an pia Pitzer earrelation: Pest Trelpe BP 0.¥3- 0.822/ Trl» -0.11 Bre 0.89- 0.172 Tr? Osby iy (0.91) C 045 11.486) 2 9.987 (0.85 JHB) 1 0082nt swr 2+ 0.867 + (ot Y0.0822) 0.86 Wa ART IP = (0.959)(08.6)L 16.10.) | 20408 [Vas 0.00108 Fol] One a = KOXW A? Iday Y Uma Te 7.495 41 Kno Th © DF we etin 7 DP © 0. 259 in! wa = [8.199 mle A3.05. AM ical gos intoly at 25% and 1 nr, undrgees the following procerses. 1. closed system: ain mechanicaty reversible procestes, its firt emprestd adianatcaly Yo 5 bar tnen cened ata constant presute of Str to 25°C. ar rely expanded itneerehy 10 88 orginal presure othe oye 8 reversible and each cep nas on etiiency ef 807. compound wih me corresponding mechanically rersinle proces. The cycle sit consists ofan aia babe domoresion cep an isonast easing step ,end an iemermal expansion. Cl cule Ao). a,.0ne AM fr ear cep of he pecess ad for Ie eye. Take CP + OYA and cys (AIR. aiven: @r7BR GH SAR fetta nr 298 Paesbor Po -shag 8 hey s14 fequired “Ca7,04 onc Solon sepa: Adleatccompresion Tart (B/ PIP? = 472.20 AUD Cs H) “2.600 S/o G0 K1/mol Wa + Bua * 3.08 KF no} -stepas: isobaric cooling ‘ally? CVC) * “9.48 KF Za ‘Alisa * (pC ta-b) * -5.065 Xm ii2s + Athy *-3.065 KI/n0} Was * -BUbs 48) * 1.447 KF enol ‘Step 3+ thermal Expansion Aus: > ort“) +0 Ate 0 3)" ATS=In (0/09) + 3.99 KF/ mo} Wal Gay © =3.99 KF oo) For mecyce! Goyie + Oa ax + ou {=LOTe xF/mOl Weide + Wa tubs tw [Lore eTAnOT332 Five mae of Caiciuin carbide are combined with 19 Mole of water in a closed rigid, han pressure vessel of 1800 cm? internal empty votume. Acetylene gas is produced, by the reaction: alate) + 280.0) 9 CaRaeg) + FOLOH)s6S) The vesse! contains packing with a porosity of 407 to prevent explasive decomposition ofthe acetylene. Inia conditions are 23% and 1 bar, and me reaction goes 10 com pletion. The reaction is iomermic , But owing to neal transfer, the final temperature is only 125°C. Determine the final presure in Me vessel Given: n=8mol veveln Required: © satution vequn) Yer Lo.4 Le0oce?)- Sel (3Bem/nel)] vee cm ro ‘using Soave/Redlian Kwong: es 206.38 1 (as1273.8) -380.5 & qeeryre + 1.201 Pe-Glystor wo BonGUH orl wr 0.4n7a8 e0 [140.48 115790 -oATew*LI-Tr OS] 9: Va sate as waneTe’/Pe «3.995 m bacem*/moP DesARIe/Pe > 866.118 com?/mo} Pont. a vb Vane) 197.8 bar41 Tor steady flow inoneat exchonger at opproximotely cthmaspheri- ¢ pressure What is the heot tronsferred: a. When 10 mol of 50, is heated from 2ooto 1,100°C ib. When 12 mol of propane is neated from 250 To 1,200°C? 0. Given: Te: 473.15 K Te s973.15K n= 10 mol Required: W Solution: For SO, + A-5.c99 B-.801 x10 Cro D 15 xX19> OH: R-ICPH (1..T,A. oeT BH > 47,007 kT/mol Q-naH im Q= tomol (47667 kT/mol) Q= 470.07 kIT b. Given: T, 523.15 K Teas n= mol Required: Q Solution: For propone: A: 1.21 B+28.785 x10” C+-8.824 xIo™ Deo ON-R-ICPH (1.1, A,8,C,D) BH» 161. 834 kT /mol O-ndn GQ = amol(i61.634 kI/mol) [Q= 1.924 x10*kJ]42 For steady flow through aheot exchanger at approximately ot- mospheric pressure, Whot isthe final temperature, 0. Wnen heat intheamount of 800 kJ is Oddedto 10 mol of ethy lene initially at 200°C. b. When Neat inthe amount of 2500 kT is added to 15 mol of I- putene initially ot 260°C? c. When heot inthe amount of 10° (Btuyis added to 40 (bro, Wot ethylene initially ot soo*F ? Given: T. =479.15 K A+ \omol Q+ eookd Requires: T Solution: For ethylene + Av 1-424 Br 14.394 x10 C+ -4.392 x10 a? Orn REDECE=1 4 BA -T.E LY 4 oe Te tl T= 2.908 (473.15 k) T= 1374. '5K) Ptr4a If 250 (ft) (s) of air ot 2 ("F) ond approximately athmospheric p- ressure is preheated for ocombustion process to 937°), Wn at rate of heat transfer is required? Given: Ps 1otm Tar Vs 250ft? «7.079 mM Tr 930 °F Requires: O Solution: Ts(T-32°F )4 29345 K 5 Tee Te 32°F) 4272.15 K T+ 773.15 K (Jos 3235 k nz PV/RT. +266.98 "nol Forair : A: 3.359,78: 0.575 «10%; C0 1D: 0.016 K10® BH-R-ICPH L%,T,A,8,C,0) BH= 13.707 AT/mot @: nan Be s.ac9 xi Bid 4.4 How mucn heGt is required when 10,000kg of COCO, is heat ed at uitimospneric pressure trom 50°C To gg0°C? Given: MW: 100.1 3/met 1 + 100009-%9 /MW N= 9.98Ko" Mol Requirea: @ Solution: For Caco, : A+12.572 B 2.637 X10% c D=-3.120 K108 OH 9.441 x10 T/mot AH: R-ICPHCT.T,A,B,C,D) QM = 9.441 x10 T/mol «nan Qs 9.431541 Calculatethe heot capacity of agas Sample from the following infor- mation: The somple comes to equilibrium ina flosk ot 25°C ond 12.9 kPo, Astopcock is opened briefly , allowing the pressure to dropte lol, ok Po, With the stopcock closed , the flask worms , r@turnin to 25°C, ond the pressureis measured 03 (04.0kPa, Determi- ne Cp in Timol, Assuming the gos to be ideal and the expan- sion of the gos remaining inthe flask to be reversible and Adiabatic: Let Step ie represent the initial reversible adiabotic expansion , ond Step 23 the final constant - yolume heating . To+298.18K 5 + 1rSKPo 5298.15 K=T, 4B 104.0kPO P+ 121.9 KPO Tet CRIB Tas 290.40 Cp +30 T/mol.\ CRIP mer) Cp? Se.95 Tima K 4.3 For one of the compounds listed inTable B.2 of App.B, evaluate ‘the latent heat of vaporization At, by Eq.(4.12) How does th: is result compure w/the volve lisied intoble B-2 7 Given: (Tor Acetone) Te+508.2K Pe = 47.01 bor ~~ Tas m9 9A Mn+ 2961 kJ/mol Required: H Solution: RT, {1092 Lin (Re /bar ) =1.01892/ (930 -Ten) On) /OMa‘au HandBook values for the latent heat of vaporization of 3g” are given in ‘ne table for_soveral pure liquid at 0% aH at OC. ‘chloroform 270.9 Metnanot 189.5 Tetrachloromethone a8 For ene of these substances. calculate: o)The value of latent heat ot Tn by fq. C48) given the vate at °C, b) The value oF latent heat ot ty by Ey: (4.12) By what percentage will these result differ from ‘the value listed in table B.2 oF Appendix: 8. ‘Given: Cor Gnloroform) Mw -wa.sm lt Tos 5364 Pes sa.af bor Tne BHIK Ts m6 k bas 20.9 31g A ew #2469 31g Ty: 099 Tre 0483 Required an sation: (a) by E—p. 40) Anon ( Bin = 245 JIG ‘hener + one © a) By Ep. Mn al Rath [ voae Cin (Pelbar ) 0. a wt 0.930 Trp Big = 2807 3g “Deron = [ iin = BEX | ‘leap Remore OFT,4422 Table B.2 of Appendix® presides. parameters for an equation that gies T®* as a function of T for a mimber of pure campourds For anc of them, determine the heat ef woyrization at ts normal baling point by appication of Equation 4. the Gapeyron Equation. Evaluate: dP = fem the. gen vapor. pressure equation ord uke qpnereined a caetation from Chayter 8 to estimate. AY. Compare the compound) conputed ate wih he Value On sted in Tae 8.2 Noke that norma ting point are lsed in the last column of Table 8.2. Given 0m = cat Ter sak A KSI for Aol bor Tre 048 Tes 0033 Pre bone Vee 208 ct Ino Ae ans Tor 329.4K Be ae.2t Requied ak Soto: 8's one~o.m/tr4? » -0.9% Zot BE CPeITED4 WBE (Pele) 2 0.85 Vs ant IP = Coausdles 920194) / 9305 Ve 2.608 1 cm? ot Liquid vue Ve «Wee (19) Veak + 70.917 cn? Ino} contining Eqn.) B= TV d a with Anbcine's Ean. Poot + eflA® / (r40)1 ines: Dae TON Bot AB LCC) (ror ooDN: VVgy = 2.602% 04 cms imo : meet hot : Tp. m3a6 IK) 46 J? ‘AMs 29.062. KS fmol %e boron = 1.9 Te44m A gethad for determination of the scomnd virial coefficient of a pure gas is based on the Capeyron Equation and measurement of the latent heat of va- forization DAY, the moar whine of saturated liquid V', and the vapor pressure = petermine in ant ma for methyl ethy! ketone at 16°C fom the folowing data at this temperature: 8+ 4, ap Simo! Ves 4.49. on i Fe ors B® seme n() is x si 1 sik Required: > (Se) wares 27% atin (Z) FH. PY ats srt] ¥ a + o.0t9 bar 1K Ps or.386 Das 3,406Slmoh Vig + 96:49 on? fot Capeyon Equation andt saw TOV) Vo ¥ig t OH gg gg 4 600 SIM01 5 ang sy T Gre. ear) ea (hee (01.3% )3,226.39): (ie) 9m ( Svcs) Bs -19.5 cm? /nol|\n One hundred Kno /he of subaxded liquid at 20K and shar is superheated 10 ‘t0K jn a steady flow heat exchanger. Estimate the exchanger duty » Cin KW) for ene of the flowing: 1) Methanol. 15+ ofp. K ot abar ¥) Beene , for which TS! = ag2.3K af Shar ©) Totuene, for which 18 + 426.9 at abar ‘Gen: (For Methanol) Te = 5.6K G: BB YD TS 5 308. 0K Fe = q.91 bar Ay: 2am Tye 900k Tne o91.9K Bee 22K x03 Ta 290K 43) Gye 3 480 x 1% fk By = “51.28 x10" Pe abar Required: wea) seton in = MALLINFC 108) ny 598,20 STR snes om (ESO tte ce tt : : ane PPecere of cp (rat N+ 49.36 KS nol ne to knoe = MBH = (oo keno nr 149-38 WS fmol) = an x? KW44s Saturated liquid benzene of pressure Pre bar (Ty 451.71K) is throttled ina steady flow process fod pressure Pa o.phar (Ty = a6g.1k), where itis a iquid/ vapor mixture. Estimate the mdar fraction of the exit stream that is vapor. For liquid benzene . cp = let Tma“!K"!, Ignore the effect of pressure on the enthalby of liquid benzene. Given: (For Benzene ) Tes sut.2k Fes 48.99 bor In. 199.2K Ta + 451.1K Tat 0.9K Gp + Wet Tol K Requited: x sation Estimate ay using Riedel and Watson creation; Tens 0418 a Trash * 0498 ea 0.990" Vo 1 Yn + 10.596 KSimot iy» DEn, ( 1 Tr asat \" Ten WW = 90.28 1 Inol Assume fhe tnvoiling process is adiatatic and isoenthalpic: in =Ag Estimate 1*f298 . for one of tne folowing compounds as liquid at 25°C a. ocetylene b.13 as butadiene cetyl Benzene 4. renevane e-shyrene Given: (For acetylene) Teme Fes 39 bar T1004 1298 15K Trg! 004 fr -0.907 required: AN" f29e eS Saluton: ‘itn > RT .902--Tin Re -1.08) « I6.91 KT/MO! “0.890-Irn iy = ate (Te 898 - 0.698 43/00 Nn te 698 45 /m01 cally + AHF = tse 5 AI + 227460 T/mot ‘Bigg = 220 ToL448 thydrecaroon fuel can be produced from retanol,@ reaction gucn ax fhe following, whieh yielo t-nexene: 6CHs0Regp —* Cathawyy + G¥a0eGy, Compare me standard Neat of cambustion ot 25% of @CHSOH , with the standard neat of combustion al 29°C of Coin for reaction product Os and M0. Given: Tr196k Required: att satution {forthe combushon of methanol dooney + (/202cq) 7 COnea) + 220K) [Afige = -393509 t 2-(-241618)-(-200660) tg * 010405 Tor mexnanct Alo + -4,088,9107, for the embustion of Hexent Cabin + A020 > G02 (G) + CHO.) tase * @(-385509) + of-241616)- (41050) Atsge «3110012 ‘Bivae * “ST700073.20 whot is tne standard heat of combustion of n-pentane gas. at 25°C if the combustion products are #aO¢e) and COreay? TeM0K Required at ‘salu: Lat + 80 eB 6 absO sey ‘Alig * 5€393,508) + 6 285830) -(-40700) —-321 Notural gas. (Assume pure metane) it aeivered toa city via pipeline at a volumet~ ‘He flowrate of 189,000,000 standard of £12/day. If the seiing price of the gas is ‘5.861 of higner eating value, what isthe expected revenue indotars per day? stan: acd cendins am 60°F aed vat. en: qr sox f19/day 1 (00-30) FAII73.0K 286.71 Pett Require cot seuton: lg +205 €De 921K Nf Cos «295909 3/me 5 AHfO30 5 ABECHY® 74520 mol ABE Co, * 393209 1 mol AHFRAD ce) *-285820 ro} ‘Ate Atos » BENE) ~ Alfy 2a}, gner amr value «Ae ane #9 900 110% 1 neg. Prem) +1795 r108 mol/day Thaw (84 / 1) + 7.485710" $/day435 Natural qoses are purely pure memane;, trey usualy olco contain eter lignt Myaracartons ‘ard nitrogen. Determine an expression for standard Neat of combustion as.q function of cemposmon for a natural gas cenlaining methane,emane propane and nirogen. ASKUME me Kauid waler acme peeduct of comnuchon..whid of the fates natural gases has sme nghest reatot combustion? (Yong 0.95, Youu 0.02 , Yeahe * 002, YN 0.04 DVO , VaR = 0.05, YosHe 0.03, YHy 002 .Yohy 085, YOHs* 007, esto +003, YHs+0.05 Given Aifory "745203 mo} hy 1205 —> G2 12120 © Aco, *-248309/mo} Gate #712 02 7 2002 +3820 © A tifnaoq = -285@30.7 01 Gale 4502 7 3003+ 0 @ quired: AW*fi98, Solute: 3 My Fzms0 UF COR —r (HE) LOUD # 8/202 ‘ati = 26385630) lib 3935087 ‘At 0316001 Nac +2) 4 Cu) + 0804) —* (nad CODD tee» Abts tbh at ‘Algo + 398009 T