Bogdan Filov, Sofiiskata Curkva Sveta Sofia, Sofiiska Carska Pridvorna Pechatnica 1913

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fin du livre.
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I) npi>HMeHyBaHeTO e CTaHanO HaH-KbeHO Bb KpaSI

Ha XIV si>Kb, o6a4e Me<n y HaeeneHHeTO ro ee e n04Hano
Bi>pOI!THO owe npi>3b XIII Bi> Kb. rn . K. VI p e 4 e l{b, n ..-
pa3BI1THeTO
Ha
CTapO-
rysaHHI! no 6bnrapHS1, npi>B. flprHpOBb, nnOBllHBb 1899,

erp. 14 H 3a6. 29; M. lJ pH HoB b, Cb4HHeHHSI I erp. 642
en. ( Csi>rnHHa IV, 1894, erp. 27 en).
3Ha'leHHeTO Ha Cs. CocjJHSl 3a rpana H Bb HayKara
xp1-1CH151HCI<aTa LI,bpi<OBHa
apxHTeKTypa.
Bb
1<a1<BO
ce
3aKnt04aBa
no-T04HO
HeHHI-151Tb
1-1HTepeCb
Kai<BO HOBO A0np1-1HaC51 T51 3a I-1CT0p1-151Ta Ha apX1-1Tei<TypaTa, TOBa we I-1MaMe cny4aH Aa

HaTaTbl<b. TyKb we ce orpaHI-141-1Mb caMo Aa 3a6-En'E>I<I-1Mb, 4e
Bl-13aHTI-1HCI<I-1 Xapa!<Tepb 1-1 Ce OTnl-14aBa p'E31<0 OTb
BCI-141<1-1
Cs. Cocjm51,
Apyrl-1
LI,bpi<BI-1
I<051TO
BI-1AI-1Mb
CbBC'EMb
HaCb,
C041-1
1-1
no-
H'EMa
51BHO
Ha
eAI-1Hb nep1-10Ab, I<OraTO Bl-13aHTI-1HCI<I-151Tb CTI-1nb He e OWe nony4Hnb OHOBa l-131<ni041-1TenHO rocnOACTBO Bb
LI,bp!<OBHaTa apX1-1Tei<TYPa Ha 6anKaHCI<I-151 nonyoCTpOBb, I<OeTO
nO-KbCHO e
3aAyWI-1nO
CaMOCTOHHI-1 np051BI-1 1-1 e HanO>I<I-1nO CB051 OTne4aTbl<b AOpl-1 1-1 Ha noCTpOHI<I-1Ti; OTb
BCI-141<1-1
f\1<0 Bbo6we Cs. Cocjm51 Aa np'EACTaB51We caMo eAHa sapHaLI,I-151 Ha I-13B'ECTHI-1T'E
Be4e
CbC'EAHI-1T'E CTpaHI-1 LI,bpi<OBHI-1 Tl-1nOBe, TO HeHHOTO
TBbpAi;
CJKW,HOCTb o6a4e Hl-1e HMaMe TYI<b pa6oTa Cb
Hay4HO
eAHa
3Ha4eH!-1e
opHrHHanHa
61-1
61-1n0
noCTpOHKa,
Apyrl-1
HaH-HOBO Bp'EMe.
y
41-11-1TO
HaCb
1-1
Bb
ManKO.
8b
oco6HOCTI-1
He
MOraTb Aa Ce 0651CH51Tb Bb3b OCHOBa CaMO Ha M'ECTHI-1T'E naMeTHI-1LI,I-1. 3a .ga HaM'Ep1-1Mb TOBa 0651CHeHI-1e,
Hl-1e w.e Tp'E6sa Aa oTnpaBI-1Mb HaWI-151 norneAb l<bMb no-Aane4HI-1 CTpaHI-1 1-1 Aa npocn'EAI-1Mb
CTapoxp1-1CTI-151HCKaTa LI,bpKOBHa apxHTeKTypa Bb Mana-f\31-151, K051TO e HMana TaKOBa
4eHHe 3a o6pa3ysaHeTo Ha
Bl-13aHTI-1HCI<I-151
CTHnb.
Bbo6w.e
Cs.
Cocjm51, no
cpOpMa, ce 51B51Ba l<aTO eAHa noCTpOHKa, Bb 1<051TO ce KpbCTOCBaTb pa3ni-14HI-1
rnaBHO
pi;wasaw.e 3Ha-
CB051Ta
apx!-1Tei<TOHCI<a
Bni-151HI-151,
1<051TO
np'EA-
CTaB51 H'ElllO np'EXOAHO, H Tbi<MO Bb TOBa ce 3aKnl04aBa HeHHOTO ron'EMO apXHTeKTypHO-HCTOpH4eCKO

3Ha4eHHe.
[AHa TaKaBa 3Ha4HTenHa noCTpOHI<a He e MOrna Aa
He
np1-1BnH4a
BHI-1MaH!-1eTO
KOI-1TO CJK ce HHTepecysanH 3a CTapHT'E naMeTHI-1LI,H. Ow.e nJKTeweCTBeHHLI,HT'E OTb

4HHTO n.li'\Tb e
BOA'Enb np'E3b CocpH51, He nponyw.aTb n04TH HHKora
Bb
CBOHT'E
XVI
AO
Ha
BCI-141<1-1,
XVIII
s'EKb,
3anHCKH Aa Ka>l<aTb
no H'EKonKo AYMI-1 1-1 3a Cs. Cocpl-151, KaTo 3a eAHa OTb rnaBHHT'E 3a6-En'E>I<I-1TenHocTH Ha rpaAa, MaKapb
4e ManLI,I-1Ha OTb T'EXb HH AaBaTb no-nOAp06HI-1 CB'EA'EHI-151 3a TOraBaWHOTO CbCT051HI-1e Ha LI,bpKBaTa. 1)
CJKwo
Bb
no-HoBaTa
Hay4Ha
nHTepaTypa
Cs.
CocpH51, MaKapb 1-1 MHMOXOAOMb, 4eCTO e
CTaBana
np'EAMeTb Ha pa3HCI<BaHe, l<aTO npH TOBa rnaBHH51Tb BbnpOCb ce e BbpT'Enb He TOni<03b Ol<OnO HeHHaTa cpopMa KaTo noCTpOHKa, KOni<OTO
01<ono
2
HeHHaTa AaTa. ) Ensa Bb HaH-HOBO sp'EMe, cn'EAb KaTo
CTaHaxa nocn'EAHHT'E ron'EMH pa3KOnKH Bb LI,bpKBaTa np'E3b
1910
1-1
1911
roA., ce no51BI-1 1-1 eAHa no-
o6wHpHa cneLI,HanHa CTYAI-151, nocseTeHa I-13Knt041-1TenHo Ha Cs. Cocp!-151.a)

8bnp'E1<H C.li'\llleCTByBaHeTO Ha
T03H
Hay4eHb HHTepeCb, LI,bpKBaTa cn'EAb OCB060>I<AeHHeTO e
6Hna Abnro sp'EMe np'EHe6p'ErHaTa 1-1 oCTaBeHa Ha np01-13BOna Ha C.li'\A6aTa. 0THa4ano T51 e cny>1<1-1na
l<aTO CKnaAb Ha ra3a 3a rpaACI<OTO OCB'ETneHHe 1-1 3a pa3HI-1 Apyrl-1 HenoTp'E6HI-1 MaTepHanH; nO-I<bCHO
HeHHI-151Tb Kynonb 61; H3nOJl3yBaHb KaTO
Ha6ntOAaTeneHb
1) 3a erapHTt n;v;reweerseHHUH H TtxHHTt esi;ni;HHSI 3a UbpKBara rn. no-noni; Bb VI rnasa.
2) B.
r pH r 0 p 0 8 H 'l b, QyepKb nyreweerBiSl no
EsponeiieKOH TypuiH, 2-po H3n. MoeKBa 1877, erp. 135;
F. Kanitz, Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan , 2-po H3n.
Leipzig 1882, II erp. 211 en.; K. J ire ce k, Die Heerstrasse
von Belgrad naeh Constantinopel und die Balkanpasse,
Prag 1877, erp. 91; f\rehaeologisehe Fragmente aus Bulgarien (Bb f\reh.-epigraph. Mitteil. aus Oesterreieh-Ungarn X
1886) erp. 47 en .; Cesty po Bulharsku, Praha 1888, erp.
7-9 H, MHoro no-nonpo6Ho, Bb 6bnrapeKHSl npi;sonb Ha
Ta3H KHHra OTb Cr. f\prHpOBb, n;v;rysaHHSl no EbnrapHSl,
nnosnHBb1899,erp. 12-15; Ep. WKopnHnOBH, Cpi;nHesi;KOBHH YepKBH H rpo6Hwa Bb CocpHSl (sb C6opH. 3a
Hap. yMors. II 1890) erp. 47; B . .Oo6pyeKH, MarepHanH
no apxeonorHSITa Ha EbnrapHSl (Bb C6opH . 3a Hap. yMOTB.
XIII 1896) crp. 435-440 ; Laurent, Bb Bull . de eorresp.
heffenique XXII , 1898, erp. :61 ; M. C n epa He K iii, f\pxeonoriSl y IO<HblXb enaBSIHb (sb f\pxeonorH'leeKiSl H3si;eriSI H 3aMi;TKH MoeKoseK. apxeon . o6weersa Vl1898) erp. 53;
f\. Top H boB b, .Opi;sHexpHeTHSIHeKiH xpaMb Cs. CocpHS!
nyHKTb 3a nO>I<apHaTa
I<OMaHAa, 3a 1<051TO
(Bb CnHe. Ha HH<eHepHo-apxHT. npy<. VI 1901) erp. 128131; J. Strzygowski, Die ehristliehe Kunst in einigen
Museen des Balkan (sb Oesterreiehisehe Rundsehau III
1905) erp. 164 ; E. CnpoerpaHOBb, Et,n-B>HKH H npHnHeKH no eocjJHiieKHTt YepKBH (Bb C6opH. 3a Hap. yMors.
XXII--XXIII 1905/7) erp. 29; e. w M H T b, HOBblSl BioS! HiS! Bb
apxeonorH'leeKOH HayKio Ha EanKaHeKOMb nonyoerposio
(Bb >KypH. MHHHer. Hap. npoesi;w. XXXIV 1911 orni;nb IV)
crp. 20-26; B. F i I ow, Bb Jahrbueh des deutsehen arehaeol. InstiL XXVI, 1911, flnzeiger erp. 358-3 52; l-'13sioerHSl
Ha 5bnr. apxeon. npy<. I, 1910, crp. 220 H II, 1911, erp. 259
en.- J.13K'l3aHHTt Bb noBe'leTO OTb Tt3H eT3THH MH-BHHSI
e;v; pa3rnenaHH KpHTH'leeKH 0Tb f\ . n p 0 T H 'l b Bb UHTHpaHaTa Bb en-BnHSITa 3a6i;ni;<Ka KHHra, erp. 15-50. He
e;v; 6HnH H3B-BCTHH Ha nporHYa eaMo erarHHTt Ha HpeYeKa (f\rehaeologisehe Fragmente), Ha CnepaHeKiH H Ha
CnpocrpaHosa.
:1) f\ . n p 0 T H 'l b, f\pXHTeKTOHH'leeKaTa cpOpMa Ha

eocpHHeKaTa UbpKBa Cs. CocpHSI (MarepHanH 3a HCTOpHS!Ta
Ha Cocp11SI, H3n. Co. apxeon. npy<., KHHra II), CocpHSI
1912, 126 erp. eb 30 o6pa3a .
..(
....
3ana3saHero Ha Cs. Co~HSI
u.i>nb Bbpxy Hero e 6Y!na Yl3,o,YirHaTa

pY103HO 3a Cb6ap51HeTO Ha
TenHaTa cyMa,
TenHYI
xopa,
,o,bpBeHa ~<yna.
U,bp!<BaTa, HO T03YI
np-E,o,YI
15-20 ro,o,YIHYI ce rosop-Ewe ow,e ce-
npOei<Tb Ce ibOCTaBYI, CTpysa MY! ce, nopa,O,YI 3HaYYI-
noTpi>6Ha 3a pa3san51HeTO Ha TaKaBa conYI,o,Ha noCTpoi1Ka,

I<OYITO
ce
npoTY!BonoCTaBY!Xa
Ha TOBa Hi>wo.
na HaMi>pY!xa
ce Yl
snYI51-
Ha11-nocnt, npi>3b 1900 ro,o,. Bb tO<HY151
CTpaHYIYeHb Kopa6b Ha u,bp!<BaTa ce yCTpOYI cerawHYI51Tb HOBb napaKnYICb, KOHTO ce TBbp,o,t, MHOro
noc-Ew,asa OTb Ha6o<HYITi> co<jJYI51HU.YI, 6e3b na ce HanpaBYI Hi>w,o 3a 3ana3BaHeTo Yl Ha ocTaHanaTa
YaCTb Ha U,bp!<BaTa.
Hanocni>nblHYI. Cni>,o,b
KaTo
6-Ewe Cb3,o,a,o,eHb Bb
Ha YanoTo Ha 1911 ro,o,. cneu,Y!aneHb 3ai<OHb 3a eTa pY!HYITi>, cbrnacHo KOHTO Abp<aBaTa ce aHra<Yipa
Cb 3ana3saHeTo Yl nO,ll,ll,bp<aHeTo Yl Ha He,o,BYI<YIMYITi> naMeTHYIU.YI, e,o,Ha OTb nbpBYITI pa6oTYI Ha Hapo,o,HYI51 My3el1 Bb Tosa HanpasneHY!e 6-Ewe na B3efle
nbpso spi>Me ce nonpaBYI u.i>nY!51Tb noKpY!Bb,
Mi>pKYI 3a 3ana3BaHeTo Yl Ha
KaTo ce
Cs. Co<jJYI51. Ha
noKpYI Cb KepaMYIAYI OTb CTapb TYinb, 3a ,o,a
He npOHYIKBa Ab<AOBHaTa so,o,a BJup-E. Cn-E,o,b TOBa ce HanpaBY!Xa HY<HYITi> nocnKnKYI Yl 3a no-3HaYYITenHYI nonpaBI<YI, I<OYITO YIMaTb 3a u,i>nb
npi>,o,Bap,o,BaHeTO Ha U,bp!<BaTa OTb no-HaTaTbWHO pa3py-
WeHY!e, 1<a1<TO Yl 3a YaCTYIYHaTa H peCTaBpau,YI51, YY!eTo YI3BbpWBaHe e np-E,o,cTo51w,e. 1)

.Hape,o,b Cb TOBa 3anOYHa ce Yl CYICTeMaTYIYHOTO YI3YYBaHe Ha U,bpi<BaTa,
I<OeTO 6t, ynecHeHO
6naro,o,apeHY!e Ha Cb3,o,a,o,eHYI51 OTb Co<jJYIHCI<YI51 rpa,o,CKYI
o6w,V!HCI<YI CbBi>Tb npi>3b 1910 ro,o,.
3a YICTOpY151Ta Ha rpa,o,a Co<jJYI51". Ll,bpKBaTa Cs. Co<jJYI51
<jJY1rypY1pawe ow,e
,<jJOHAb
OTb caMOTO HaYano KaTo
e,o,Y!Hb OTb rnaBHYITi> o6e1<m, I<OYITO Tpi>6sawe ,o,a ce npoyYaTb. 3HaYY!TenHYI cpi>,o,CTBa OTb <jJoH,o,a ce
ocTaBYixa Ha pa3nono<eHYie Ha
6bnrapCKOTO
apxeonorYIYecKo ,o,py<eCTBO Bb Co1151,
3a ,o,a np-E,o,-
npY!eMe TO pa3l<Oni<YI Yl YI3YYBaHYI51 Kai<TO Bb CaMaTa U,bp!<Ba, TaKa Y1 Bb Henocpi>,o,CTBeHaTa H OI<OnHOCTb. ,Il,py<eCTBOTO OTb CB051 CTpaHa HaTOBapY!
Cb
Y13BbpWBaHeTO Ha Ta3YI pa60Ta aBTOpa Ha Ha-
CT051W,aTa I<HY!ra .
Pa3KOni<YITi> ce 3anoYHaxa Ha 27
tOnY!
1910 ro,o,. Yl npO,o,bn<Yixa pe,o,oBHO Yal!<JKCHaTYI npi>3b TOBa

CeU,b,
OTb 18 asrycTb
83 pa6oTHYI AHYI,
,o,o 16
KaTO ce
cemeMBpYI.
ynoTpi>651Baxa
Bpi>Me
CaMO
BcYIYI<O ce Ha6paxa 3a
cpi>,o,Ho no 8-10 AYWYI
Be,O,Ha-
npi>3b Ta3YI ro,o,Y!Ha
pa60THYIU.YI Ha ,o,eHb. Hi>KOYI AHYI,
I<OraTO Ce 51B51BaWe nOBeYe rpy6a pa60Ta, YY!CnOTO Ha pa60THYILJ,Y1Tt, Ce ysenY!YaBaUle Y1 ,0,0 20. npi>3b
nbpBY!Ti> 25 ,o,eHa,
Ten51 r.
Cn.
,o,o
24 cemeMBpYI,
Bbni<OBb, I<OHTO
pa3KOni<YITi> CTasaxa no,o,b Henocpi>,o,CTBeHYI51 Ha,o,3opb Ha YYYI-
so,o,-Ewe Yl
,o,o
,o,HeBHYII<a
Ta3YI ,o,aTa. Cni>,o,b TOBa, noHe<e r.
Bbni<OBb
3aMV!Ha 3a Mi>CTOHa3HaYeHYieTO CYI KaTO YYYITenb , Tpi>6sawe a3b CaMb ,o,a Ce Harbp651 Cb Ha,0,30pa Ha
.pa3l<Oni<Y!Tt,, l<ai<TO Yl Cb npO,o,bn<eHY!eTO Ha ,O,HeBHYII<a.
KoraTo Hai1-Hanpi>Ab ce
Hi>I<OYI
YYICTO
apXV!Tei<TypHYI
noYHaxa
npo6neMYI
Yl
pa3KOnKYITi>,
,o,a
HYie
YIMaxMe npi>,o,BYIAb rnasHo ,o,a Y51CHYIMb
yCTaHOBYIMb TOYHO
nbpBOHaYanHYI51 nnaHb
Ha
U,bp-
I<BaTa. 06aYe MHOro6pOHHYITi> rpo6HYIU,YI Yl OT,o,i>nHY! rpo6ose, I<OYITO Ce OTI<pY!Xa OW,e Bb CaMOTO HaYano, nOI<a3aXa, Ye w,e 6JK,o,e He06XO,!l,YIMO OCHOBHO
ce Y1 npo,o,bn<Y!Xa pa3KOni<YITi> .
Ha~Hanpi>,o,b
ce
npi>TbpCBaHe Ha
nOYBaTa, Bb l<ai<BiHO CMY!Cbnb
pa31<pY!Xa OCHOBYITi> Ha ci>sepHOTO CTpaHYIYHO OT
)J.i>fleHYie Ha npi>,ll,ll,BepYieTO, cni>Ab I<OeTO pa3KOni<YITt, ce npOAbn<YIXa OI<OflO BCYIYI<YI YeTY!pYI CTpaHYI
Ha U,bp!<BaTa, KaTO HaBCi>I<JK,O,i> CJK CTapaexMe Ypi>3b pe)J.YILJ,a COH,O,a<YI ,o,a CTY!rHeMb ,0,0 3,0,paBa nOYBa,
1<051TO 06Y!I<HOBeHO ce yKa3Bawe Ha )J.bfl60YYIHa OI<OnO 4 M. nO)J.b HYIBOTO Ha nnow,a,o,a. no T03YI Ha411Hb Ce 113Cni>)J.Ba u,i:,naTa
OI<OnHOCTb Ha
U,bp!<BaTa, Ha
pa3CT051HI1e 3 )J.O 5 M. OTb
CTi>HHTi>. ,Il,i>TO
ce yKa3a <enaTenHo, Hanpas11xa ce Yl no-AaneYHH coH,o,a<H, KOHTO o6aye He )J.a,o,oxa HHI<ai<BYI oco6HYI
1) Bb MOMeHTa, KoraTO nHWeMb rB3H penose. pa

60THTB 3a yaCTHYHaTa pecraspaUHSI Ha Ubpt<sara seYe
C?i'\ nOYHarH . npt.UH SCHYKO 3a3npaSS!Sarb ce nyKHarHTt.
yacrH Ha ubpKsara . Cnt.nb rosa we ce Cb60pH rypcKara
CrBHa, KOS!ro 3anywsa rpHyM~anHara apt<a , Karo c;;o;wespt.MeHHO ce H3JlHrHe HaHOSO Sbpxy CrapHrB OCHOSH
anCHJlara Ha UbpKsara . no ral<bSb HaYHHb HeHHara

nbpSOHaYaJJHa KpbcrOSHUHa ~OpMa, OCaKareHa Ypt.3b
rypCKHrt. npt.npaSI<Yf, .We 6;;o;ne Sb3CraHOSeHa HaHOSO.
Orb rosa UbpKsara we cneYenH 3HaYHrenHo Ha UbJJ6oYHHa . We ce nonpasH c;;o;wo oryacrH H npt.nHS!ra cb6o
pcu a Yacrb Ha UbpKsara.
Pa3 Ko ntunt, npi;3b nocntnHHTt nst, ronHHH
pe3ynTaTI1. CaMo t:enocp-EACTBeHO AO IO}I{Hara cr-EHa Ha u,bpKsaTa He 6-Ewe KonaHo, TbH KaTo TYKb
Ci'K 611m1 npaseHI1 pa3KOnK11 ow,e np-E3b
1900
roA., Koraro ce e srpa}I{Aana ManKaTa MOAepHa u,bpK-
BI1U,a Bb IO}I{HI1SI CTpaHwleHb Kopa6b Ha Cs. CoqmSI. 1)

Hai1-MHoro pa6ora ce yKa3a Bb BiKTp-EwHOCTbTa Ha caMara U,bpKsa. Cb Te4eHI1e Ha spi;Mero
TYI<b ce 6i; o6pa3yBanb HaCI1nb,
BI1COI<b OKOnO
caMo Cb H-EKonKo caHn1MeTpa no-HI13KO OTb

HaCI1nbTb A0CTI1rawe Aa}l{e AO
OKano
250
150
M.
HaAb
HI1BOTO Ha nnOUJ,aAa, KOeTO cera e
nbpBOHa4anHI151 nOAb Ha U,bpKBaTa. Bb np-EAAsep11ero
M. BI1C0411Ha. BCI14KaTa Ta311 npbCTb, I<OSITO ce 113411CnSIBawe Ha
800 KYOV1Ka, rpi;6sawe Aa ce 113XBbpn11 HaBbHb, 3a Aa Morarb Aa ce OTKp11SITb ne}l{aUJ,11T-E
nOAb HeSI
M03ai14HI1 nOAOBe 11 rpo6H11u,11. 06a4e 11 TYKb He ce
Ha rpo6H11U,I1Ti;, HO Hasci;KJKAi;, Ai;To 6i;we
Bb3MQ}I{H0,
3aAOBOnl1xMe caMo Cb OTKp11saHero
rneAaXMe
Aa
CTI1rHeMb AO 3Apasa n04Ba.
nose4eTO OTb rpOOH11U,11Ti; Bb BiKTp-EwHOCTbTa Ha U,bpKBaTa ce OCTaBI1Xa pa3Kp11TI1 , a APYfi1T-5 M-ECTa,

#
cn-EAb 113cn-EABaHero 11Mb, ce 3ac11nsaxa HaHoso.

Ha
AeKeMBp11
1910
roA.
pa3KOnKI1Ti; He MO}I{axa ow,e
.[l,o TOBa spi;Me Hl1e 61:.xMe pa3Kp11nl1 HaBC-EKJKAi;
ropH11SI
Aa
ce
M03al14eHb
C411TaTb
nOAb
11
3a
np11BbpWeHI1 .
6i;xMe
113Cni;Asanl1
BCI141<11 Ti;311 Mi;CTa, Bbpxy K011TO Hi;Mawe HI1KaKBa M03ai1Ka. 06a4e Ha H-EKOI1 Mi;CTa npi;3b pa3BaneHV1Ti; 4aCTI1 Ha T0311 nOAb ce 6-Ewe noKa3anb se4e srop1151Tb no-CTapb nnaCTb M03ai1Ka. 3a Aa MO}I{e
Aa ce pa3Kp11e 11 TOH, Heo6xOA11MO 6-Ewe no-Hanp-EAb Aa
ce
OTCTpaHI1
ropH11SITb
nnacTb.
nopaAI-1
HaCTi'Knl1ni151Tb Be4e Cl1neHb CTYAb TOBa Hi;w,o Ce OTn0}1{11 3a cni;AHS!Ta f0AI1Ha.

Pa6oTaTa ce npOAbn}l{l1 naKb np-E3b ni;TOTO
1911
roA., OTb Ha4anoro Ha M-Eceu,b Mai1 no4TI1
AO Kpa51 Ha rQAI1HaTa. 3a peAOBHI-1 pa3KOnKI1 np-E3b TOBa spi;Me He MO}I{e Aa CTaBa AyMa, TbH
11Mawe Aa ce 113BbpwsaTb pa6or11 OTb oco6eHb xapaKrepb . np-bAI1 BCI14KO rp-E6sawe
KaTO
Aa ce cHeMe
T04HO 1<0n11e OTb ropHS!Ta M03ai1Ka, cni;Ab KOeTO Ce np11CTi'Knl1 l<bMb HeHHOTO 113Ba}I{AaHe, 3a Aa MO}I{e
Aa ce OTKp11e ne}l{aw,ara nOAb He51 no-CTapa M03ai1Ka. Ta311 pa6ora ce Bb3n0}1{11 Ha CKynmopa r.
MaTOBb, I<OHTO 5I 113BbpW11 Cb roni;Mo ycbpA11e 11 yMi:iHI1e.
11
Ll,i;naTa
TOBa ce CbCTOeWe OTb OTA-EnHI1 nap4eTa, 6i; pa3Ai;ni;Ha Ha

3ani1BaHe Cb
ropHS!
H-EKOni<O
M03ai1Ka, KOSITO
4aCTI1 , 1<011TO
r11ncb ce Al1rHaxa OTb nbpBOHa4anHOTO 11Mb M-tcTo 11 ce
Cra6e3b
nocpi;ACTBOMb
U,I1MeHT11paxa
Ha
ron-EM11
nn0411, scn-EACTBI1e Ha l<oeTo ce A0611 Bb3MO}I{HOCTb Aa ce
np-EHaCSITb necHo OTb eAHO M-ECTo Ha

Apyro, 6e3b Aa 11Ma onaCHOCTb Aa ce pa3M-ECTBaTb KaMb4eTaTa. 2) Ta311 TPYAHa 11 npOAbn}I{I1TenHa
pa6ora Hl1 no3son11, 6e3b Aa pa3sanSIMe ropH11SI nnacTb OTb
}l{aUJ,I1SI OTAoni; no-CTapb nnaCTb, KOHTO ce y~<a3a
MHoro
M03ai1Kara ,
Aa
pa3Kp11eMb
no-Ao6pi; 3ana3eHb.
MO}I{axa Aa ce 113Cn-EABaTb Ha no-ron-EMa Abn60411Ha 11 oH-E311 M-tCTa,
Ocs-EHb
KOI1TO no-paHO
u,i;nb
rosa
ce
necera
HaM11paxa
nOAb M03ai1KaTa. no T0311 cny4al1 oTKp11 ce ow,e eAHa rpaAeHa rpo6H11u,a , KOSITO 11 Bb CTapo sp-EMe
He e 611na OTBapSIHa. EA11HCTBeHOTO M-ECTO, KOeTO He MO}I{eWe Aa ce 113Cni;ABa Ha no-roni;Ma Abn6o411Ha AO 3Apasa n04Ba , e TOBa , KOeTO ce HaM11pa nOAb BT0p1151 M03al14eHb nOAb. noHe}l{e T0311 nOAb
e 3ana3eHb u,i;nb 11 e o6rpaAeHb OTb Tp11Ti; CTpaHI1 Cb 3ApaBI1 311A0Be, TO ne}l{aUJ,11Ti; OTAOni; nnacTOBe MO}I{aXa Aa Ce 113Cn-EABaTb CaMO nocpi;ACTBOMb eAI1Hb Manbl<b TyHenb OTb 113T04HaTa CTpaHa,
A-Ero H-EMa 3ana3eHb HI1KaKbBb 311Ab. 06a4e TbKMO TYKb Bbpxy Hac11na e noCTaBeHa KbCHaTa rypcl<'.a
CT-EHa , KOSITO 3anywsa TPI1YManHaTa apKa Ha u,bpKsara 11 KOSITO ce HaM11pa Bb raKosa CbCT0SIHI1e,
4e npaBI1 HeMI1Cni1MO KaKBOTO 11 Aa 611n0 nOAKOnaBaHe nOAb HeSI.
no Ta311 np11411Ha H3Cr.tlABaHeTO
Ha nnacTOseTi; nOAb sropara M03ai1Ka rpi;6sawe Aa ce 113ocras11 AO spi;Mero, KOraro

MaxHe BbnpOCHaTa rypcKa crlHa-nbnHe}l{b , Hi;w,o, KOeTO e npi;AB11AeHO np11
.u,e
ce
npi;-
npi;ACT0'i1UJ,I1ri; pa60TI1
3a 3ana3BaHe Ha U,bpKsara .
no TaKbBb Ha411Hb, cn-EAb AB-ErOAI1WHa pa6ora,
pa3KOnKI1Ti; Bb Cs. Cocp1151 MO}I{axa ' Aa ce
C411TaTb Be4e 3a OKOH4aTenHO np11BbpWeHI1. KaKBI1 err:. T-EXHI1Ti; pe3ynTaTI1, TOBa Ce B11}1{Aa OTb Ha-
-- -- - -
1) 3a <allOCTb 0 6 Hapon saHa e 3a n 3H pa3K OnKH

Ci'lMO enHa K;r;ca 6-tntmKa Bb C6o p tL 3a Hap. yMors .
XVIII. 1901 , 778.
2) 3a no -ron tMH nonpo6Ho cnt Bbpxy Ha'lH Ha, no

Ko j;ho ce H3BbpwH UHra Hero Ha M03aHKara, rn. 1--13 stcT H51
Ha 6bn r. apxeon . npy<. II , 1911 , 259 en .
-6
CT051W,aTa I<HHra. Ha acti<H cnyYaH He MO<eMb
Aa
He
H3Tbi<HeMb,
'-!e
Tt3H
pe3ynTaTH
Aanei<o HaWHTt O'-lai<aaHH51. He caMo nbpaoHa'-!anHH51Tb nnaHb Ha LJ,bpi<aaTa Mo<a
Aa
Cb aCH'-II<HTt My nO,[Ip06HOCTI1, HO Cf!',W,eaptMeHHO Ce Y51CHH H LJ,tnaTa
Ll,bpi<aaTa,
HCTOpH51
Ha
ce
HaAMHHaxa
Tbi<MO 3a npt3b T0311 nepHOAb, 3a I<OHTO HtMaMe a6coniOTHO HHI<ai<aH nHcMeHH H3atcTH51.
yCTaHoaH
VI
11
TO
ab T03H
cnyYaH nonaTaTa H3abpWH cao51Ta atpHa apxeonorHYeci<a cny<6a, a OTI<pHTHTt naMeTHHLJ,H HH AaAoxa
Ca051
51CeHb
l<aTeropH'-IeHb
OHOaOpb Ha
rontMa
'-laCTb
OTb
OHt3H abnpOCH
Ca. CocpH51, I<OHTO 3a Hacb AOcera 6txa noi<pHTH Cb TbMHO H HenpoHHLJ,aeMo
6yno.
OTb MHHaJIOTO Ha
He1<a
aaMe, Ye 6f!',AaW,H HaXOAI<H ab no-AaJJe'-!HaTa OI<OnHOCTb Ha Ca. CocpH51 w,e pa3ptwaTb
ce
HaAt-
MO<e 6H ab
OI<OH'-!aTeJJHa CMHCbJib H OHt311 abnpOCH, I<OHTO ,[\HeCb ace OW,e OCTaaaTb OT!<pHTH HJIH I<OHTO Ce OT!<pHaaTb eABa cera HMeHHO scntAcTaHe Ha nocntAHHTt H3yYaaHH51. 3aw,oTo Cs. CocpH51 npHHaAne<H I<bMb
OHt3H naMeTHHLJ,H, '-IHeTo 3Ha'-leHHe He ce H3Yepnsa ca,Mo Cb eAHa CTYAH51 H I<OHTO, HanpaBeHH aeAHa<b
AOCTf!',nHH
3a
npHA06HBI<11 .
nO-W11p01<11
!<pf!',fOBe,
CTaBaTb
H3XO,[\Ha
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3a
BCe
nO-HOBH
Hay'-IHH
OT1<pHTH51
06p. 1. -
Cs. CocpH51 OTb IOrO-H3TOI<b.
rnABF\
CerawHoro CbCT051HYie Ha Ubpi<Bara
1. Mtcronono}f{eHMe
L,lbpi<BaTa Cs. Cocj:>VI51 ce VI3,D,VIra
rpa,o,eHa ,D,HeCb Cb BVICOI<VI
Bb
MOHyMeHTanHVI
ci:;sepo-VI3TOlJHaTa,
nOCTpOHI<VI,
OC06HO
HaH-BVICOI<aTa lJaCTb Ha Cocj:>VI51. 06Bb
Henocpi:;,D,CTBeHOTO CbCi:;,D,CTBO Cb
HosonoCTpoeHaTa u,bp!<Ba Cs. f\nei<caH,o,bpb HeBCI<VI, '-lVIHTO Kynonb ce VI3,D,VIra ow,e OI<Ono 25 MeTpa
Ha,o,b Cs. Cocj:>VI51, Ta3VI nocni:;,o,H51Ta He npaBVI BelJe
oHoBa sne'-laTneHVIe, I<OeTo e npoV13BeH<,o,ana no-
paHo Bbpxy n..THVII<a, KoraTo TOH ce e npV16nVI<asanb l<bMb rpa,o,a. He caMo CTapVIT"i:; n..TeweCTBeHVIU,VI oT6i:;ni:;3saTb, lJe Cs. Cocj:>VI51
OT,o,anei<O, HO ,D,aH<e ,[1,0 npi:;,o,VI
ce e BVIH<,o,ana KaTo HaH-BVICOI<a VI HaH-nVI'-lHa noCTpOHI<a TBbp,o,i:;
,D,eCeTVIHa
rO,D,VIHVI,
,D,O,D,i:;TO OW,e HeHHaTa
Henocpi:;,D,CTReHa OI<OnHOCTb
He 6i:;we 3aCTpoeHa, T51 npo,o,bnmasawe ,o,a 6..,o,e HaH-BVIAHVI51Tb nyHI<Tb Ha rpaAa, I<OHTO OTb roni:;Mo
pa3CT051HVIe Ce XBbpn51We Bb OlJVI,
no spi:;Me Ha ocso6om,o,eHVIeTo,
rpa,o,a. Ha !Orb OTb He51
6VInVI
OHVIW,OH<eHVI
HalJVIHb
CTaHana
Cnpi:;Mo CTapV151 rpa,D,b,

,[l,VIHVI ,o,o
1878
C.. ce VI3,D,VIranVI npoCTpaHHVITi:; Typc!<VI Ka3apMV1 (rn. o6p. 2 ), I<OVITO C..

1879 ro,o,. 1) )J,HeCb nonOH<eHVIeTO CbBCi:;t-1b e VI3Mi:;HeHO.
npocmpa cera
Be'-le B..Tpi:;wHa
l<ai<TO
Bb
OTb
HeHHOTO
Typu,VITi:; -
npVI BCe TOBa T03VI BbnpOCb e OTb roni:;MO
,o,ane'-lb Ha
VI3TOIVI51
nOCTp051BaHe,
Bbpxy TOBa
o6alJe HeHHOTO
TaKa VI npi:;3b
no
nonomeHVIe
cni:;,D,HVIT"i:; ro-
Hi:;w,o Hi:;MaMe TO'-lHVI csi:;,o,i:;HVI51.
3HalJeHVIe 3a U,bp!<BaTa VI no Ta3VI npVI'-lVIHa Tpi:;6Ba ,o,a
ce cnpeMb Bbpxy Hero.
~)
ro,o,., Cs. Cocj:>VI51 ce e na,o,ana nonVI BbHb OTb
OTb nomapb OW,e npi:;3b
HoBVI51Tb I<BapTanb l<bMb no,o,yeHe ce

T03VI
npi:;3b
K. VI p e 4 e I{ b, ni!'.TyBaHHS! no 6bnrapH51, CTp. 13.
CerawHOTO CbCT051HHe Ha UbpKBaTa
V13si:;cTHo e, 4e TonorpacpH5!Ta Ha CTapaTa Cocjm5!, npi:,3b pHMCKO, BH3aHTHi1CKO 11 6bnrapCI<O

Bpi:,Me, He e
OW.e He
.O,a rH
HHKaKb yCTaHOBeHa. 6bp30TO 3aCTp05!BaHe Ha
HMaJlO XOpa,
H3nOJ13yBaTb
KOHTO
.o,a
CJli:;.O,b OCB060>t<.O,eHHeTO,
KOraTO
CJli:;.0,5!Tb OTKpHBaHHTi:; OCTaTbU.H Ha CTapH5! rpa.O,b H .o,a
MOraTb
KaTO TOnorpacpH4eH~
rnaBHaTa npH4HHa, .o,i:;TQ
HHe .O,HeCb He
cpaKH1, a CMe npHHy.o,eHH
nOBe4e .o,a CH
MaTepHaJlb HllH
rpa.o,a
noHe
MO>t<eMb .o,a 6opaBHMb
rpH>t<JlHBO .o,a
rH
OT6i:,ni:,3BaTb, e
Bb Ta3H 06JlaCTb
Clly>t<f1Mb Cb npi:,.o,nOllO>t<eHH5!.
Cb nOJlO>t<HTeJlHH
6naro.o,apeHHe CaMO Ha Ha
6mo.o,eHH5!Ta, KOHTO Vfpe4eKb e HanpaBHJlb Ha CaMOTO Mi:;CTQ HaCKOpO CJli:;.O,b OCB060>t<.O,eHHeTO, npi:,.o,H
ow.e .o,a 6J\'..o,e 3aCTpoeHb rpa.o,bTb Cb HOBf1Ti:; crpa.o,f1, 1)
MO>t<e .o,a ce C4HTa 3a nono>t<HTellHO, 4e CTa-
Pf15!Tb rpa.o,b ce e CbBna.o,anb npH6Jlf13HTellHO Cb ueHTbpa Ha Mo.o,epHH5!, KaTo e 3aeMaJlb npoCTpaHCTBOTO OKOJlO TOnllHTi:; MHHepallHH 6aHH, a HMeHHO, 4apWH5!Ta, espei1CKH5! KBapTaJlb Y1 Hi:;KoraWHY15! 6bJlrapCKH KBapTaJlb OKOJlO U.bpKBaTa Cs. Kpanb.~) 06a4e .o,OKJ\'..o,i:, ce e npoCTHpanb T03H CTapb rpa.o,b, Tosa
He MO>t<e .o,a ce yCTaHOBH no-T04HO. KonKOTO ce OTHaC5! .o,o caMaTa U.bpKBa Cs. Cocjm5!, V1pe4eKb e HaKllOHeHb .o,a npHeMe, 4e T5! e Jle>t<alla BbHb OTb rpa.O,CKHTi:, CTi:;HH, KaTO Ce n030BaBa Ha TOBa, 4e OKOJlO LJ.bpKBaTa CJ\'. HaMi:;peHH CaMO MHOI"O rpo6oBe, CJli:;.O,H OTb rpa.o,HHH Cb BO.O,OnpOBO.O,HH TpJ\'.611 H 6pOH30BH MO
HeTH, HO HHKaKBH CJli:;.O,H OTb .o,pyrH noCTpOHKf1.';) 06a4e OTb TOBa OOCT05!TeJlCTBO ow_e He MO>t<e .o,a Ce CJ\'..O,H,
4e Cs. Cocjm5! ce e HaMHpana
BbHb OTb KptnocTHHTt
6tnt>t<H, cnope.o,b e.o,Ho nHcMo Ha Y4HTell5!

pHMCKa crpa.o,a, .O,bllra OKOJlO
50
Vfs.
CTtHH. Vf HaHCTHHa caMb Vfpe4eKb nO-KbCHO
6powKa OTb CocpH5!, 4e cHrypHH cnt.o,H OTb rontMa
MeTpa, Bb K05!TO 6HJla HaMtpeHa e.o,Ha 6aKbpeHa Ba3a H e.o,Ha 6pOH-
30Ba MOHeTa OTb KoHCTaHTHHa BenHKH, 6HJlH OTKPHTH MHOro n6 Ha H3TOKb OTb Cs. CocpH5!, .o,o caMH5!
no.o,yeHCKaTa pi>Ka.~)
3ana.o,eHb 6ptrb Ha
Ta3Y1
noCTpOHKa
OCBtHb aKO
npHeMeMb,
4e
TOBa e
611110 Hi:;KaKBa BHJla, Jle>t<aw.a BbHb OTb rpa.o,a -- noKa3Ba, 4e CTapH5!Tb rpa.O,b, nOHe Bb BH3aHTH~1cKO
BptMe, ce e i!POCTHpallb MHOro no-.o,ane4b, OTKOJlKOTO 06HKHOBeHO Ce npt.o,nonara.
no-rolltMO
3Ha4eHHe HMa
CTi:;Ha Bb Ta3H 4aCTb Ha

CTi:;HH Ha KptnocTbTa
3a HaCb
.o,a Ce
yCTaHOBf1,
rpa.o,a. Vf3Bi:;CTHO e, 4e 3Ha4HTeJlHH
6txa .o,ocKopo
3ana3eHH H 11H4exa
KaKb e
BbpBtJla CTapaTa
Kpi:,noCTHa
OCTaTbLJ.H OTb ctsepHaTa H 3ana.o,HaTa
MHOro .o,o6pt Bb ctsepo-3ana.o,HaTa 4aCTb
Ha rpa.o,a, oco6Ho onaTbKb rpa.o,cKaTa pi:,Ka (EnewHHua), Me>t<.o,y Tbi1 Hape4eHaTa espei:1cKa Ta6H5! H
TpaMBaHHOTO .o,eno.
8b3b
OCHOBa Ha
Tt3H cni:;.o,H CJ\'. HanpaBeHH
u-l:,naTa KptnOCTHa CTtHa; e.O,HHH5!Tb OTb MaHOpb

Te>t<HHKb
.o,a
He
0 6 e p 6 aye p b.')
CJ\'.
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HHKaKBH
cni:;.o,H,
.O,BaMaTa
e
1) V1peyeJ<b e nowbJib Bb Cocp1151
.lJ. 0 6 pi:, B C K H,-')

H3T04HaTa
npi:,.o,a.o,eHa
6ptscKH T5! e BbpBi:;Jla Bb CbBbpWeHO npaBa
npt3b eceHbTa
1879 ron., KoraTo e 6Hnb Ha3HaYeHb 3a rnaBeHb ceKpe

Tapb Bb MHHHCTepCTBOTO Ha HaponHOTO npocst uteHHe, a
npt3b 188L2 ron. e 6Hnb H MHHHCTbpb Ha C?i'>lllOTO MH
HHCTepCTBO. Toi1 e OCTaHaJib Bb 6bnrapH51 no 1 CemeMBpH
188~ ron., Karo e HManb noseye Bb3MOmHOCTb na ce nptnane Ha HayYttH 3aHHMaHH51 npt3b nocnt.nttHTt nat ronHHH Ha csoero np-t6HBaHHe Bb 6bnrapH51. rn. B. 3na-
r a p c 1< H, D-tiiiiOCTbTa tta npb Kotter. V1pcYeKb Bb 6bnra pH 51, nep. en. LXVI. 1905. 1-30. KonKo cepH03HO BHHMaHHe e o6pbwanb V1peYeKb Bbpxy CTapm-t naMeTHHUH
Bb (OcpH$1, OCOOHO no OTHOWeHHe Ha Bbnpoca, I<O i:fro
TYI<b HH 3aHHMaBa. ce BHmna OTb TOBa, ye TOH Bb 6HTIIOCTbTa CH Ha MHHHCTbpb e OTnpaBHJ!b Ha 10 MapTb
1882 ron. em;o nHC ~1 0 no Co<jJ11i1cKoro o6w11HCKO ynpas,leHI1e, Cb Ko ero MY o6pbuta BHHMaHHero, Ye ,noHeme
.D,Ba OnHTa 3a
JlHHH5!
Ha
a .o,pyrH5!Tb OTb XYAO>t<HHKa-4ep-
CTi:;Ha,
CbBCtMb
peKOHCTpyKU.H5!
OTb
K05!TO
H3rlle>t<.o,a
npo6neMaTH4HO.
npH6JlH3HTeJlHO
AOCera
Cnope.o,b
.lJ,o-
nO HanpaBJleHHeTO Ha .O,HeW-
Ja BC11YKI1 HaMtpeHH nono6HI1 H-ttua na
ce Cbo6wasa
Bb MHHHCTepCTBOTO. fn. 3narapCK H, UI1T. M. CTp. 19 Cn.

~) V1 p eYe 1< b, Bb F\rch.-epigr. Mitteil. a us Oester
reich X, 1886, 45; n ;r,rysaHI1$1 crp. 6. Cp. 11 r. l<aua

p 0 Bb, np11HOCb l<bMb crapara HCTOpHSl Ita Co<jJHSl. 1910.
CTp. 23 (MarepHaJII1 3a 11CTOp11SlTa Hil Cocp11Sl, I<HH)!{J<a 1).
:;) F\rch.-epigr. Mitteil. X 48; cp. 11 n;r,rysaHH$1 crp. 7.
1) F\rch.-epigr. Mitteil. X 204 en. CrtH11rt. Ha crpanara , ne6enH OKono I MeTbpb, 6Hn11 rpaneHI1 orb , san
YeCTH KaMbHH H nJJOCI<H ryxn11". F\1<0 TOBa CbOOU!eHI1e
rpt6sa na
ce
pa 3611pa TaKa. Ye crtHI1Tt c;r, 611n11 rpa
neH11 Cb CMt.HSleMI1 nnaCTOBe OTb J<aMbHI1 H OTb TYXJll1,

TO rorasa nocrpoi11<ara we 6;y;ne BeYe, Bbnp-tK11 l<oH
CTaHTI1HOBaTa MOHeTa, paHHO BH3a HTHHCJ<a.
:.) Bb BoeHeHb myp1tanb XIX, 1907, 1177
en. nna-
pa3J<Oni<H 11 Cny'-lilHHI1 OTBilp51HH5! Hil 3eMSl, Bt.p05!TIIO e,

ye ryKbTaM-t tue ce HaMtpSlTb 11 HEK011 mo6oni1THH cTa-
HbTb e Bb3np011 3BeneHb 11 y f<auapOBb, npHHOCb

CTp. 27, I<OHTO nasa 11 110811 TBbpn-J; Bil)!{HI1 CBt.nt.HH$1
Ja HanpasneHHero Ha Kpt.nocrHara cr-tHa (crp. 24 en.) .
1;) CKHUHTt
Ha 06ep6ayepb, 11 3nbnHeHI1 TBbpnt
p11HI1, l< il TO 11annHCI1, BCtl<ili<BH n-tnaHH J<aMbHH, aHT11'-lHH

C?l\ llOBe H npyr11 OCTil Tbl!H Hil npeBHOCTbTil " , KilTO MOn H
Mara YaKanHSl Ha Cocjmi1cKoro o6tui1HCKO ynpasneHHe.
Bb Cocp1111 ce np-tnnp11eMaTb MHoro pa6or11 3a 113pa s HeHI1e 11 nonpaB51He Hil ynHUI1Tt. npH 1<011TO CTaBaTb MHOrO
rp11mn11so Cb MacneHH 6oH, ce HaMHparb cera Bb ron -t-
Crapara Kp-BnocrHa cl-BHa Ha rpana
HaTa yn. Becneu,b, OTb TpaMBai-1HOTO ,[l,eno Ha 10ro AO xoTenb 5bnrap~S! cp-bw.y ABOpeu,a. Tosa np-BAnono>t<eH~e Ha ,lJ,o6p-5BCI<~ e Henp~eMJl~BO, Kai<TO w.e ce B~,[l,~ OTb J.13Tbi<HaTJ.1T-5 nO-,[l,OJl-5 Cb06pa>t<eHI-151.
no-npaBJ.1JlHO pa3C~>t<,[l,aBa Vfpe4et<b, KaTO t<a3Ba, 4e C-5BepHaTa CTpaHa Ha CTap~51 rpa,[J,b Ce

e 06pa3yBaJla OTb B~COI<I-151 cera 01<0!10 10 MeTpa CI<JlOHb, Bb 41-ieTO r.O,[l,HO>t<J.1e Ce HaM1-1paTb 1-1 TOnIll-1rli BO,[l,l-1. 1) To31-1 Ct<IlOHb 3ano4Ba np1-16JlJ.131-1TenHo OTb M1>CTOTO, A1>To 6ynesapAb ,lJ,OHAYKOBb ce
np-Bc1-14a Cb yn. Tbprosct<a, BbpBI-1 cn1>Ab TOBa Ha I-13TOICTOTO, A1>To Ta31-1 nocn1>AH51Ta yn1-1u,a ce np-Bc1-14a Cb 6ynesapAb CDepA11HaHAb np!-1 naMeTHJ.1t<a Ha BaCJ.1Jlb neBCI<I-1. CB. Cocp!-151 Jl>1<1-1
Ha
I-13T04HJ.151, HaH-BJ.1COIt<AY nnow.aAa
Anet<-
caHAbpb I 1-1 nnow.aAa ot<ono Cs. Cocp!-151 . Bbpxy T031-1 Ct<IlOHb, H-Bt<ont<o MeTpa Ha c-Bsepb OTb ABOpeu,a,
Ha M1>CTOTO Ha CTap!-151 BOeHeHb I<IlYOb
(AHeCb
BOeHeHb C~Ab),
OJ.1Jla OTI<p!-1Ta np-53b 1881 fO,[l,.
4aCTb OTb cTapaTa t<p-BnocTHa CT1>Ha, 3aCTpoeHa omocn-5 OTb 3AaHJ.1eTo Ha t<ny6a.~) At<o
cn-BABaMe
,lJ,o6p1>BCI<J.1, Tp-56Ba ,[l,a np1-1MMb, 4e t<p-5nOCTHaTa CT-5Ha, BM-5CTO ,[l,a npO,!l,bil>t<aBa OW.e Ha J.13TOKb
no ct<noHa, 3a Aa o6ropHe 1-1 Hai-1-BI-iCOt<aTa MY YaCrb, Ha K051TO ce 1-13AI-1ra Cs. Cocpl-151, Tbt<MO Ha TOBa
M1>CTO e B3Mana IO>I<HO HanpaBJlHI-1e -
H1>W,O, t<OeTO no CTpaTfJ.14HJ.1 CbOOpa>t<eHI-151 e 04BJ.1,[l,HO
He,[l,onycTI-1MO. HanpOTI-1Bb, xapat<TepbTb Ha TepeHa
Hl-1 t<apa Aa MI-1CI11-1Mb,
npO,!l,bil>t<aBana ow.e ManKo Ha I-13TOKb no Ct<IlOHa, o6rpbw.ana

cn-5Ab TOBa e 3aBI-1Bana
Ha
4e t<p-BnocTHaTa CT1>Ha e
Hai-1-BHCOt<aTa MY
4aCTb
1-1
e,[l,Ba
10ro, np!-16JlJ.131-1TenHO no HanpasneHHeTo Ha 6ynesapAb CDep,[J,1-1HaHAb.
Tosa np-BAnonomeHHe ce nO,!l,t<p-5n51 ow.e OTb e,[l,I-1Hb cpat<Tb, t<OHTO MY np1-1AaBa n04TI-1 nbnHa c!-1rypHOCTb. no cp-BAaTa Ha nnow.aAa, t<oi-1To ce o6pa3ysa OTb np1>CJ.14aHeTo Ha 6ynesapAb CDepA1-1HaHAb
I) f\rch.-epigr. Mitteil. X 45: Die Nordseite der antiken Stadt bildete ein jetzt an 10 m. hoher f\bhang. an
dessen Rand sich auch die heissen Quellen befinden.
Cs.
Co~
~)
pe
1< b,
f\rch.-epigr. Mitteil, X 45; n,v;rysa-
HHII CTp. 7.
10
CerawHoro CbCT051HHe Ha UbpKsara
Cb 6ynesapAb Uapb-Ocso60AHTenb, AO MHHanara rOAHHa nw1ewe HapaBHO Cb ynHLJ,aTa nap'-le OTb

crl;Ha, Ae6ena OKono 1"50 Merpa, rpaAeHa OTb pi>'-IHI-1 KaMbHI-1 Cb 51Kb xopocaHb OTb sapb 1-1 ni>CbKb.
KaKTO no MarepHanb, TaKa 1-1 no rpaAe>Kb rosa nap'-!e noKa3sawe nbnHo CXOACTBO Cb ocraHanHri>
cni>AI-1 OTb Kpi>nOCTHaTa CTi>Ha Bb ci>sep0-3anaAHaTa '-!aCTb Ha rpaAa, KOI'ITO 6txa MHOrO nO-A06pt,
3ana3eHH. He Mome Aa HMa cntAOBarenHo HHKaKBO CbMHi>HHe, '-!e H3TO'-!Hara crtHa
Ha KptnoCTbTa
e AOCTHrana '-!aKb AO T031-1 nyHKTb 1-1 '-!e no ra3H npH'-IHHa LJ,bpKsara Cs. Cocp1-151 rpi>6sa Aa e nemana
H3B.!Krpt KpimocrHara cri>Ha. KaKro cera Mo>KeMb no-TO'-IHO Aa KameMb, T51 Cb Henocpi>ACTBeHara
CH OKOnHOCTb e 3aeMana CaMI-151 Ci>BepO-I-13TO'-IeHb .!Krbnb Ha Kpi>nOCTbTa, HeHHaTa HaH-BI'ICOKa '-!aCTb.
noA06HH Ha I-13TbKHaTHTi> TYKb Cb06pameHI-151 3a HanpasneHHeTO Ha KptnoCTHaTa crtHa C.iK HaKapanl-1
si>p051THO KaHHLJ,a Aa MHCnl-1, '-le TbKMO Ha rosa Mi>CTo ce e HaMHpana eAHOBpi>MewHara LJ,HTaAena
Ha rpaAa. 1)
Orb KOe sptMe Aar1-1pa KptnocTHara cri>Ha, 3a K051TO CTasa AyMa ryKb, He e ow,e ycraHoBeHo. Ha BCi>KI-1 cny'-laH OTb o6CT051TenCTBOTO, '-!e Bb He51 C.iK HaMtpeHH srpaAeHI-1 aHTI-1'-IHI-1
KaMbHI-1
Cb HaAnHCH,~) MO>Ke Aa Ce 3aKnJO'-II-1, '-!e T51 He w,e Aa e no-CTapa OTb KbCHO p1-1MCKO spi>Me, T. e. OTb
'-!eTBbproro crontn1e
en.
Xp.~) Cni>AOBarenHo Karo Ka3BaMe, '-le LJ,bpKsara Cs. Cocp1-151 ce e HaMHpana
113B.iKTpi> Ha KOHCTaTHpaHaTa KptnOCTHa CTtHa, TO OTb TOBa OW,e He cntABa, '-!e Mi>CTOTO, Ha KOeTO
e nocrpoeHa ll,bpKsara, e BnH3ano Bb nepHcpepH51Ta Ha aHTI-1'-IHI-151 rpaKHHCKH 11 nocni> pHMCKI-1 rpaAb
CepAHKa. 0Kono ll,bpKsara, KaKTO H3TbKHaxMe se'-!e no-ropt (CTp. 8), ocstHb MHoro6poi1HH rpo6HHLJ,I-1,
3a
KOHTO w.e
HMaMe cny'-lai1 Aa
rosopHMb noAp06Ho Bb '-leTBbprara rnasa, He C.iK HaMtpeHI-1 HI-1-
KaKBH Apyrl-1 OCTaTbll,H OTb aHTI-1'-IHI-1 crpaAI-1, MaKapb '-!e LJ,i;nara OKOnHOCTb e 61-1na
pa3KOnaBaHa Ha
roni>Ma Abn6o'-!HHa, oco6Ho np1-1 nocrpoi1Kara Ha ll,bpKsara Cs. f\neKCaHAbpb HesCKI-1, Ha xyAomecrBeHO-HHAycrpHanHOTO Y'-IHnHw,e 1-1 Ha CHHOAanHara nanara -
nocrpoi1KH, KOHTO C.iK H3BbpweHH eABa
Bb re'-leHHe Ha nocni>AHHTt Hi>KonKo roAHHI-1.~) CnopeAb rosa He MO>Ke Aa ce Kame Cb nonomHrenHOCTb, Aanl-1 BHCO'-IHHara, Ha K051TO e nocrpoeHa Cs. Cocp!-151, e nemana Bb nepHcpepH51Ta Ha aHTI-1'-IHI-151
pHMCKI-1 rpaAb. 3a CHrypHO MO>Ke Aa ce C'-II'!Ta o6a'-!e, '-!e T51 e 61-1na BKnJO'-IeHa Bb cptAHOBi>KOBHHTi>
CTi>HI-1 Ha rpaAa.'-,)
1) F. Kanitz, Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan,
II crp. 220.
~)
B. llo6pyCI<H, C6opH. 3a Hap. YMOTB. II,
1890, 5 CJI.
3) flo nono6Ho 3aKJIIO'leHHe noxa>Kna 11 Ka ua po Bb,
npHHOCb crp. 27. Karo yKa3Ba Ha cpaKTa, 'le CepilHI<a l<bMb
cptnara Ha nerH51 stKb e 611na pa3pyweHa orb xyHHrt.
11 <Je Kptnocrbra e 611na Bb306HoBeHa cnopenb csHntrencrsoro Ha npoKonH51 (de aedific. IV 1 p. 68) orb IOcrHHHaHa, KauapOBb e HaKnoHeHb na npHeMe, <Je KO'iCTaTHpaHHrt. KptnOCTHH Crt.HH C;'i'; OTb BptMeTO Ha T03H HMneparopb, 6e3b na H3KJIIO'lBa Bb3MO>KHOCTbTa, 'le rt 6Hxa
MOr.rlH na narHpaTb 11 OTb no-KbCHO sptMe. 06a<Je rpt6sa
na ce 3a6+ nt>KH, 'le rpane>KbTb Ha cepnHKHikKHTt crt.HH
e CbBbpweHO pa3JIH'leHb OTb T03H Ha IOCTHHHaHOBHrt.
KptnOCTH, KaKTO ri; HH c;r; H3BtCTHH OTb XHCapCKHTt
6aHH 11 orb KIOcreHnHnb(rn. 6. HJIOBb, l--13stcrH51 Ha
6bnr. apxeonor. npy>K. II, 1911, 99 en., oco6Ho 142 en.).
no ra3H npH'lHHa a3b CbMb nose<Je Hal<noHeHb na npHeMa,
'le BbnpOCHHTt cepnHKHl:fcKH CTtHH (;y; OTb no-paHWHO
sptMe 11 <Je IOcrHHHaHb ce e 3anosonHnb caMo na nonpasH ,pa3nanHanHrt ce orb sptMero" (e~;ppw 0 6-:x 'cji
XP~:mp d -;;(il_"'l e!Jpol'l) yKptnneHH51.
!) np11 nonaraHe OCHOBHrt Ha rt3H nocrpoi1KH c;r;
HaMtpeHH HaHCTHHa HtKOH apXHTeKrypHH aHTH'lHH cpparMeHTH, a HMeHHO enHHb Mp51MOpeHb HOHH'leCKH KanHTeJlb
H nap<Jera orb rontMb apxHrpaBb OTb sapOBHHIKna, 'le Tt3H
<jJparMeHTH c;r; 6HJIH nptHeceHH TYIKeHb MarepHanb Bb no-KbCHO

sptMe.
'') n;r;rewecrseHHUHTt OTb XVI-XVIII stKb (rn. 3a
rtxb Bb nocntnH51Ta rnasa) l<a3sarb H3pH4HO, <Je CocpH51
e 6Hna OTBOpeHb rpanb 6e3b CTtHH. 06a<Je OTb nO-HOBO
sptMe HaMHpaMe CBtiltHH51, KOHTO IlOHtl<;r;ni; npOTHBOpe'laTb Ha no-crapHrt. n;r;rewecrseHHUH. TaKa Bb 3anHcKHrt. Ha F. de Beau jour (Uoyage militaire dans I' empire othoman, Paris 1829, I 454) 'lereMb: Sophia .. n'est
pas mieux defendue que Nissa et n'a pour toutes fortifications qu'une simple enceinte, flanquee de tours, au milieu de laquelle est un reduit, ou reside le principal pacha de Ia Turkie europeenne .. C;r;wo 11 rpacpb Cos6bOcpb 6tnt>KH owe Bb Kpa51 Ha XVIII stKb: Die Stadt
(CocpH51) ist nur mit schlechten Mauern eingefasst (Des Grafen von Ferrieres Sauveboeuf Reisen durch die
Turkei, Persien und Flrabien in den Jahren 1782-1789,
aus dem franzosischen ubersetzt, Leipzig 1790, II 213).
Cnopenb rosa rpt6sa na npHeMeMb, <Je MaKapb !<ptnoCTbTa Bb rypc1<o sptMe 11 na e 611na pa3saneHa, scntnCTBHe Ha Koero CocpH51 e MOrna na 6;r;ne 03Ha'leHa Karo
orKpHrb rpanb, KptnocrHHrt crtHH see nalKila OTb HerOBHTt
nyMH: L'ancienne enceinte de murailles est presque disparue (Recueil d'itineraires dans Ia Turquie d'Europe,
Vienne 1854, I 65). Cp. Bbpxy crap11rt. KptnocTHH crtHH
Ha CocpH51 11 Kanitz, Donau-Bulgarien II 219 en.
11
TypcKH np~npaBKH Ha ubpKOBHHT~ c~HH
2. 06wo
no CB051Ta
cpopMa
U,bpKBaTa
CbCT051HY!e Ha UbpK.sara
CB.
CocpH51
np-EACTaB51
3aCBOAeHa
KpbCTOBHAHa
6a3HnHKa Cb Kynonb H Cb eAHO np-EAIJ,BepHe. 0TCTpaHH Ha anCHAaTa T51 H-EMa
TPHKOpa6Ha
BTOpOCTeneHHH OTJJ,i;-
neHH51 HnH AB-E nO-ManKH anCHAH, KaKTO e 06HKHOBeHO cny4a51Tb Bb BH3aHTHJ1CKHTi; U,bpKBH. 06a4e
ABt, ManKH OTA-EneHH51 Ce Hafi!HpaTb OTCTpaHH Ha npi;,lJ,l],BepHeTO.
06p. 3. -
DeTafinb OTb
c~sepHaTa cr~Ha
,lJ,bn>HHHaTa Ha u,bpKBaTa 3aeAHO Cb anCHAaTa e

U,eHTpanHH51Tb KOpa6b e WHpOKb
Kopa6b e
23
M., wHp04HHaTa MY
HaTa Ha Kynona e
19'75
770
7'30
Ha UbpKsaTa.
46'45
M., a CTpaHH4HHTt, -
MeTpa, wHp04HHaTa ~
no
430
M. CaMo
M. ,lJ,bn>HHHaTa Ha Hanp-E4HH51
M. BHC04HHaTa Ha u,eHTpanHH51 Kopa6b e
1610
M. 0CTaHanHTi. BTOpOCTeneHHH M-EpKH MOraTh neCHO Aa
nnaHa 11 pa3p-E3Hrl (Ta6n.
2020
Ce
M., a BHC04HB3eMaTb
OTb
X-XIV).
Cs. CocpH51 ce HaMHpa AHeCb Bb nonomeHHeTO Ha eAHa cpaBHHTenHo

pyHHa, KO:i!TO e Bb CbCT051HHe Aa HH AaAe
nbnHo
np-EnCTasneHHe 3a
U,bpKBaTa. 06a4e H3B-ECTHH 4aCTH C.:K Be4e CbBC-EMb Cb6opeHH,
ow,e A06pt,
nbpBOHa4anHH51
a HMeHHO u,i;naTa
3ana3eHa
H3rneAb
anCHAa
Cb
Ha
I<Ba-
12
CerawHoro CbCTOSIHHe Ha UbpKsara
,upaTa np-t,ub He51 4aKb no TPYIYMcpanHaTa apKa (rn. o6p.
1),
,usi;Tt, oT,u-tneH151 OTCTpaHYI Ha np-t,u,usepY!eTO
Yl LJ,i;naTa n-tsa nonoBY!Ha Ha cpaca,uaTa. Ocs-tHb TOBa LJ,bpKBaTa e np-tTbpn-tna Bb TypcKo sp-tMe 3Ha4YITenHYI nonpaBKYI Yl npoM-tHYI.
Tt, ce
CbCT051Tb np-t,uYI BCYI4KO Bb yManeHHeTo
YlnYI
3anywsaHe Ha MHOro OTb npo30pLJ,Y1T-t Yl spannt,, a TaKa CtKW.O Yl Bb MHoro6poi1HYI
CbBbpweHOTO'
no,uKbpnsaH151
Ha 3YI,UOBert. Ha npbBb norne,ub ,ua)i{e T-t3YI TypcKYI nonpaBKYI Yl npY1CTpoi1KYI Yl3rne)i{,uarb MHOro no3Ha4YITenHYI, OTKOnKoTo CtK rl; Bb CIKW.HOCTb. TaKa Hanp. LJ,-tnaTa c-tsepHa cT-tHa Ha LJ,bpKBaTa, KaKTO
OTBbHb (o6p. 3), TaKa Y1 OTBIKTpt, (o6p. 4), HOCYI 4YICTO TypCKYI XapaKTepb, Cb YI3Knl04eHY!e CaMO Ha HaH-
06p. 4. -
Ct.sepHara crt.Ha Ha UbpKsara, s;r;rpt.weHb H3rnenb (cnopenb enHHb aKsapenb).
,UOnH51Ta 4aCTb OTBbHb, Ha BYIC04Y!Ha OKOnO
40
CM., K051TO e CTapa.
4osi;Kb e HaKnOHeHb Ha nbpBO
sp-tMe ,ua npY!eMe, 4e Ta3YI CT-tHa e 6Hna Cb6opeHa no4TYI ,uo OCHOBYITt, Yl nocnt, Cbrpa,ueHa HaHoso Bb
TypcKo sp-tMe. Bb CtKW.HOCTb pa6oTaTa CTOYI CbBciMb YIHaKb. Ha H-tKOYI M-tcTa, ,o-tTo TypcKYI51T"b 3YI.Ub e
OT4aCTYI pa351,UeHb, 51Ci-iO nYI4YI ow.e CTapaTa 51,UKa Ha 3YI,Ua. Ocs-tHb TOBa CBO,Ubrb Ha n-tB151 CTpaHYI4eHb
KOpa6b, KOHTO ne}!{YI BbpXy T03YI 3YI,Ub, e CTapb Bb BCYI4KYITt, CYI
4aCTYI.
7iBHO e cni;,uosaTenHO,
LJ,i;nYI51T"b 3YI,Ub HYIKOra He e 6J-tnb CbBC-tMb Cb6opeHb, nOHe)i{e Bb TaKbBb cny4aH

MOrbJ!b ,ua ce Kp-tnYI. Tosa, KOeTo ,uHeCb Yl3rne)i{,ua KaTo TypcKYI 3YI.Ub, H~ e
e,uHa TypcKa o6nYILJ,OBKa Ha CTapY151 3YI,Ub, KOHTO Tpi;6sa ,Ua
CtKW.OTO H-tw.o HaMY!paMe Yl Ha IO}!{HaTa CT-tHa Ha
Kopa6b.
yCTpOeHaTa Bb T03YI KOpa6b MO,oepHa ll,bpKBYILJ,a
,uecHYISI
6Yinb
He n03BOn51Ba
,ua
CBO,Ubrb
HYIW.O
,upyro,
MHOfO Ha51,UeHb
HaY!CTYIHa,
4e
ce YI3Cni;,usa
Yl
He
4e
61
ocs-tHb
pa3BaneHb.
Ma3YinKaTa
CaMYI51
Ha
BbHWeHb
13
31-1Ab 06a4e Bb eAHa nO-CTapa <jJOTOrpa<\JI-151 (Ta6n.
Ill)
111-141-1
51CHO,
4e
T031-1
31-1Ab
OCHOBa HMa Ci'i'\W,I-151 TYPCKH xapaKTepb, KaKTO 1-1 c-BsepHH51Tb . Ho 1-1 TYKb naKb He
6HJ1b TYPCKI-1. CnopeAb Cb06w,eHHe Ha apXHTeKTa H . na3apOBb, KO~ho
AD
CaMaTa
Cl-1
u.i>nH51Tb 31-iAb
Pi'i'\KOBOAI-111b
nocTpOHKaTa
Ha MOAepHaTa U.bpKBHU.a, caMo o6nHU.OBKaTa e 61-1na TypcKa, a 51AKaTa Ha 3HAa e 61-1na naKb CTapa.
Hai1-Ao6pt, MO>He Aa ce Ha6moAaBa Ta3H HHTepecHa TeXHHKa, a HMeHHO o6nH4aHeTO Ha u.i>nb
eAHHb Ha51AeHb 1-1 OT4aCTI-1 pa3KbpTeHb 31-1Ab Cb eAHa TbHKa AOnbl1HHTenHa
BbHWHa CTpaHa Ha Hanpb4HI-151 KOpa6b (o6p.
7).
31-iAap!-151,
Ha
ci>BepHaTa
TyKb Ci'i'\W,O roni>Ma 4aCTb OTb CTi>HaTa HOCI-1 51BHI-1
npH3HaU.H Ha noceTHi>wHa Hanpasa. 06a4e Ha caM!-151 c-Bsepo-3anaAeHb i'i'\rbl1b, Ai>TO nHu.eTO Ha cT-5HaTa e OT4aCTH pa3KbpTeHo,
ce e o6pa3ysana OTnocn-5 eAHa
MHOrO A06pt,,
nnOCKOCTb Ha CTapl-151
4e HepaBHaTa
MaTeJJHa TyxneHa
AaBa
1-1 Ha
ApyrH
3vtAapH51,
Ae6ena
Mi>CTa Ha
caMO OTb
U.bpKBaTa,
Hanp.
30-50
Ha
roni>Ma
3HAb e 61-1JJa
eM .
nyKHaTHHa 1-1
1-13paBHeHa Cb
(i'i'\W,OTO. Hi>w,o
11
H3T04HaTa
CTpaHa
cera ce
eAHa
MO>He Aa
IV
(Ta6n.
1-1
BHH<Aa
MHOrO BHVIce
Ha6mo-
6),
o6p.
Ai>TO
31-1AbTb OTBbHb e rpaAeHb OT4aCTI1 Cb MaJJKI-1 TYX111-1 1-1 HOCI-1 CbBCi>Mb KbCeHb xapaKTepb, HO I-13Bi'i'\Tpt,
e CTapb.
Ta1<asa nO-KbCHa oonvtU.OBKa HaMHpaMe 1-1 Bb Bi'i'\Tpi>wHOCTbTa Ha U.bpKBaTa, a HMeHHO Ha
ci>sepHaTa CTi>Ha Ha rnaBHI-151 KOpa6b, 6!11-130 AD nOAKynonHOTO npOCTpaHCTBO.

0Tb T-531-1 <jJaKTVI Ce BVIH<Aa, 4e He BCi>Ka CTi>Ha, K051TO noKa3Ba BbHWHO
XOAb, e CTpoeHa H3U.i>no OTnocn-5 -
nO-KbCeHb
Hi>w,o, KoeTo HMa H3BbHpeAHO roni>Mo 3Ha4eHHe
HaTa np-Bu.i>HKa Ha crpaAaTa. vbrne>HAa, 4e HHTO eAHa OTb 3ana3eHvtTi> cera 4aCTH Ha
npOH3-
3a
npasvtn-
U.bpKBaTa
He
e 61-1na pa3pyweHa AD TaKaBa CTeneHb, Ai>TO Aa e 61-iJJO He06XOAI1MO Aa ce Bb3AHra T51 HaHOBO. np1-1
BCe TOBa, 3a Aa Cl-1 CbCTaBHMb
T04HO
npi>ACTaBneHvte
3a
nbpBOHa4aJJHI-151
Heo6xoAHMO e Aa ce H3TbKHaTb np11 HeHHOTO onHcaHHe BCH4KH

necHo MO>He Aa CTaHe nopaAvt pa3nvt4HeTo Ha ynoTp-5651BaHvt51
l-13rJJeAb
no-KbCHI-1
Bb
Ha
LJ.bpKBaTa,
np-BnpaBKI-1. Tosa
pa3HHTi>
spi>MeHa
TaKa Ci'i'\W,O 1-1 nopaAH pa3HI151 Ha411Hb Ha rpaAe>Hb. ETo 3aw,o Heo6xoAHMO e na ce
Hi>w,o
MaTepvtanb,
cnpeMb
npi>AH
BCH4KO Ha T-531-1 ABa Bbnpoca.
3. CrpovnenHH51Tb MarepHanb
'------- Pa3KOnKHTi>, KOHTO ce HanpasHxa Bb U.bpKBaTa Cs . Co<jJH51, AaAoxa Bb3MO>HHOCTb Aa ce npocni>A51Th
1-1 OCHOBvtrl
11.
Tt, AOCTHraTb Ha Abn6o4vtHa AO
nocni>AHHTi> OTb
KOHTO
MeTpa 1-1 Ci'i'\ npaseHH OTb p-54HI-1 KaMbHH 1-1 TyxnH,
Ci'i'\ noCTaBeHH Me>HAY KaMbHvtT-5 Bb eAvtHb nnacTh OTb
TenHo TYKb HaMHpaMe Be4e OH51 xapaKTepeHb
3a
paHHaTa
Bvt3aHTI-1HCKa
noCTaBeHI-1
Bb
HaH-Hanpi>Ab
CTBeHvt51
3-5
peAa.
eAvtHb
U.OKbJlb Ha
VBbpxy
peAb
OTb
OCHOBaTa,
roni>Mvt
npi>Avt Aa
KaMeHHVI
ce
6nOKOBe,
Cb
n04He ropH51Ta
KOHTO
peAa . Cni>AOBa-
apXvtTeKTypa
rpaAe>Hb, np1-1 KOHTO nnaCTOBe OTb KaMbHVI ce Mi>H51BaTb nOCJJi>AOBaTenHO

1
Ha4vtHb
nnaCTOBe OTb TYXJJH,

noCTpOHKa,
o6pa3ysaTb
6noKose,
pa3nvt4eHb:
CHHKaBb sapOBHVIKb, a TaKa Ci'i'\W,O 1-1 6tni>3HvtKaBb ni>Cb4HVIKb. (i'i'.W,O
cp-Bw,a
AOXa>HAa
HaBCi>Ki'i'\At,
LJ.bpKBaTa 1-1 Onpi>Ai>ll51Tb no T03VI Ha4HHb HVIBOTO Ha nbpBOHa4aJlHVI51
MaTepHaJJbTb, OTb Ko~ho ell\ HanpaseHvt rl3H
Ha
ce
6-Bnb
1-1 pa3Mi>pHT-5
Ha
C06-
H nOAb.
1-1
01BO
KBaApHTi>
Ci'i'\ pa3JlVI4HI-1 KaKTO no nOBpbXHOCTb, TaKa VI no Ae6eJJHHa.

LI,-BnaTa ropH51 noCTpOHKa e HanpaseHa vt3KJJI04vtTeJJHO OTb Tyxnl-1
MHOro A06pt, H3ne4eHH, n04Tvt KBaApaTHH, Cb CTpaHa
CTpaHa, K051TO e cnaraHa BvtHarvt HaAon-5,
Kose,
TerneHH Cb ABa
Hnvt
TPI-1
TyxnaTa HJJI-1 nbKb Bb cpi>AaTa
11
npbCTa,
32-35
e no-rpanasa,
ow,e
npi>Avt
CM. H
1-1
45-55
xopocaHb.
TyxnHTi>
Ci'i'\
eM. Ae6enH. EAHaTa HMb
a ApyraTa e A06pt, 3arnaAeHa 1-1 HMa 3Ha-
H3nH4aHeTO,
o6HKHOBeHo
no AHaroHana
Ha
Bb BHAb Ha He3aTsopeHb Kpi'i'\rb. XopocaHbTb, KOHTO ce OTJlH4aBa
I) rn F\.
h 0 is y. L 'art de batir chez les Byzantins
CTp. 8 en .; J. S t r z y go w ski, Byzant. Denkmaler II 118;
L e c I e r c q , Manuel d'archeologie chretienne II 45 11 np.-
Bbpxy ynoTp-t6eHI1eTo Ha Ta311 TeXHI1Ka Bb X11capcKaTa

Kp-tnoCTb OTb Bp-tMeTO Ha IOCT11HH3Ha r11. 6 . <l> 11 11 0 B b,
I-13B"tCT11SI Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npym. II. 1911, 112.
CerawHOTO CbCTOSIHHe Ha UbpKeara
14
no CB051Ta SII<OCTb, e HanpaseHb OTb Bapb, ni:;Cbl<b H CYyKaHH AOCTa Ha eApO KepaMHAH HIIH TYXIIH. 1)
Toii e cnaraHb Me<AY TyxnHTi:; Bb roni:;Mo KOIIHYeCTso, KaTo o6pa3ysa nnaCTose, YHSITO Ae6enHHa ce
paBHSIBa 06HKHOBeHO Ha Ta3H Ha Tyxmnt, a Ha Mi:;CTa Sl Aa>t<e HaAMHHaBa. rpaAe>t<bTb Ha CTi:;HHTi:; e
H3BbHpeAH0 npaBHJieHb H paBHOMi:;peHb, I<OeTO Bb roni:;Ma CTeneHb ce Abii>t<H Ha
eAHaKBaTa roni:;MHHa Ha ryxnHTi:;. (Ti:;HHT-1:; c;;~. Ae6enH
160-1 go
eAH006pa3HeTO H
M.
npH no-KbCHHTi:; nonpas1<11 Ha U,bpKBaTa c;;~. ynoTpi:;6StsaHH no-ManKH 11 rnasHo no-TbHKH TyxnH
Cb pa3HI1 pa3Mi:;;:-H, KaMbHH H napYeTa OTb CTapHTi:; roni:;MH TYXllH. rpaAe>t<bTb Ha T-1:;311 YaCTH e pa3HOI<aYeCTBeHb. Hai1-BHHMaTeneHb H paBHOMi:;peHb e TOK
Bb
Hi:;KoH
Bli'I.Tpi:;wHaTa CTpaHa Ha ci:;sepHaTa CTi:;Ha Ha U,bpKBaTa (o6p.

YerHpH TyxnH ~ no xapaKTepHHSI
3a
4),
OTb
TypcKHTi:;
YaCTI1,
oco6eHo
no
Ai:;TO BCi:;I<H KaMblt<AY
no-CTapHTi:; TypcKI1 noCTpOHKH HaYHHb.
XopocaHbTb Ha
no-
KbCHHTi:; npHCTpOHI<H, I<OHTO e MHOrO no-cna6b, C"bAbp>t<a 11lll1 CYyKaHI1 CbBCi:;Mb Ha CI1THO KepaM11AH,
11IIH nblt<a Hl11<alt<KH w.e np11CTJKni1Mb KbMb pa3rne<AaHeTo Ha
pa3HI1rb YaCTH Ha
U,bpKBaTa Bb ceraWHI1SI 11Mb BI1Ab.
4. BbHWHVITt crtHVI Ha UbpKsara.

np11 pa3riie>t<AaHeTO Ha BbHWHHTi:; CTi:;HI1 Ha U,bpi<BaTa w,e HMaMe rnaBHO 3a u,i:;nb Aa I<OH CTaT11paMe, Bb3b OCHOBa Ha ynOTpi:;6eHI1SI MaTep11aJib, I<OH 4aCTI1 Cli'l. OTb nbpBOHaYallHaTa noCTpOHI<a
Ha u,bpKBaTa
11 1<011 AaT11paTb OTb
no-ceTHi:;WHI1 nonpaBKI1.
T-!:;311
nocni:;AHHTi:;, Cb
nOMOW.bTa
AaAeHI1Ti:; o6SICHeHI1SI, MoraTb necHO Aa ce pa3ni1YaTb 11 Bb oT0rpa1111rl Ha u,bpKBaTa (Ta6n.

11 o6pa3HTi:; Bb TeKCTa).
CaMo Tpi:;6sa
Ha
II-VII
Aa ce 11Ma npi:;Ab B11Ab, KaKTO H3TbKHaxMe no-ropi:;, Ye
Bb
noBeYeTO CIIyYal1 npH nonpaBI<HTh 11MaMe pa6oTa 06HKHOBeHO Cb eAHa nO-I<bCHa 06JII1ll,0Bt<a Ha CTi:;HHTi:;, a He Cb nbJieHb HOBb rpaAe>t<b Bb u,i:;naTa 11Mb Ae6eiii1Ha.
I).
npi:;A11 BCH41<0 Hi:;KOJII<O AYMI1 3a n01<p11Ba (rn. Ta6n.
CeraWHI1SITb KepaMHAeHb noKp11Bb,
I<OHTO AO MI1HaJiaTa fOA11Ha Bb no-roiii:;MaTa Cl1 YaCTb nOYTH He CJKW,eCTsysawe, AaT11pa
eABa OTb
HaH-HOBO spi:;Me. noKpHBbTb HaAb AeCHI1SI CTpaHI14eHb !<Opa6b, Bb I<OHTO ce noMi:;w,aBa MOAepHaTa
U,bp!<BI1U,a, e npaBeHb np11 HeKHaTa noCTpOHI<a npi:;3b
1900
fOA.
(;;~.w,o H nOKp11BbTb HaAb AeCHOTO
!<pHilO Ha Hanpi:;4HI1SI !<Opa6b e 611IIb nonpaBSIHb no TOBa Bpi:;Me.
lJ,i:;JII1SITb OCTaHaJib nOKp11Bb Ha
U,bpKBaTa ce HanpaBH HaHOBO OTb CTpaHa Ha HapOAH11SI My3ei1 npi:;3b MI1HanaTa
1911
roA.
3a Ta311
u,i:;Jib 6-l:;xa ynoTpi:;6eHI1 KpHBH KepaM11A11 OTb CTap11S1 Tl1nb, Cb Kai<BI1TO U,bp!<BaTa e 611Jia noKp11Ta 11
npi:;3b TypcKo
spi:;Me 11 KOI1TO
npHIII14aTb TBbpAi:; MHoro Ha
CTap11Ti:; Bl13aHTHHCI<I1 KepaM11A11, KaTo
ce OTJIH4aBaTb OTb Ti:;Xb CaMO Cb no-MaJIKI1Ti:; Cl1 pa3Mi:;p11. KynOIIbTb e noKpHTb OTBbHb Cb U,I1MeHTb
c;;~.w.o eABa npi:;AI1 AeceTI1Ha rOAI1H11, cni:;Ab KaTo ce MaxHa OTb TYKb AbpBeHaTa Kyna, KOSITO cny<ewe
Ha no>t<apH11Kap11Ti:; Aa Ha6IIIOAaBaTb 3a OrbHb Bb rpaAa.

Vf3T04Hf\Tf\
CToHF\ (Ta6n.
IV). KaKTO seye cnoMeHaxMe no-ropi:; (CTp. 11), u,i:;nara ano1Aa
e Cb6opeHa Cb 1131<JII04eHI1e Ha HaH-AOIIHSITa
H YaCTb, Ha BI1C0411Ha OI<OIIO 80 CM. HaAb KaMeHHI1SI U,OI<biib
Ha U,bpKBaTa. Ha Bli'I.Tpi:;wHaTa CTpaHa ABi:; OTb spi:;3BaHI1SITa Bb CTi:;HI1Ti:; Ha anCI1AaTa Cli'l. 3anbiiHeHI1 .
cb Typct<H 311Ab , rpaAeHb He6pi:;<HO OTb KaMbHI1, noCTaBSIHH Me<AY YeT11p11 Tyxnl1 (rn. o6p.
npH a). Tosa
Hi:;w,o noKa3sa, Ye anC11AaTa, npi:;A11 Cb6apS1HeTo c11 , e 611na 113non3yBaHa ow.e 11 Bb TypcKo spi:;Me.
0TBOpbTb Ha
TPHYManHaTa apt<a (cpi:;w.y anC11AaTa)
cna6o rpaAeHa Typct<a CTi:;Ha, Ae6ena

f\1<0
Ta311
CTi:;Ha,
Bbnp-1:;1<11 III1nCaTa
150
Ha
e 3anbiiHeHb cera
Cb eAHa CbBCi:;Mb
M., noCTaBeHa 6e3b ocHOBI1 Henocpi:;ACTBeHo Bbpxy Hac11na.

cpyHAaMeHTH,
MOrna Aa
YCT011 AOCera, TOBa
ce Abii>t<l1
Bb roni:;Ma CTeneHb Ha o6cTOSITencTBOTO, Ye TSI e A06pi:; cTi:;rHaTa OTb COIII1AHO noCTpoeHaTa TPI1YM-
1) C"'UlHSITb xopocaHb, Koiiro e xapaKrepeHb 3a BH 3aHTHMCI<HTt nocrpOMI<H (rn . UHTHpaHaTa Bb no-ropHSITa
6t.nt.m1<a nHrepaTypa), HaMHpaMe H Bb XHcapc!<ara !<pt.nocrb (ct> H n 0 B b, UHT. M. CTp. 113).
Yf3TOYHaTa CTtHa Ha UbpKBcTa
15
anHa apKa. Cr5HaTa e HanpaseHa Bb AOJJH51Ta c11 YaCTb OTb pt.4HI1 KaMbH11, a Bb ropH51Ta -
n04TI1
113KJJJC411TeJJHO OTb TYXJJI1. Bb CrBHaTa Ci'K snomeHI1 Hanpt.4HI1 ,nbpseTa; xopocaHbTb e 6e3b KepaM11A11. no cpt.,naTa e,ni1Hb nl1nacTbpb, rpa,neHb no Ci'Kll.ll151 Ha411Hb, Koi1To cT11ra caMo Ha nonosi1HaTa BI1C0411Ha, CJJY}f{l1 3a no.nnopKa Ha crt.HaTa. ropH11rB 4emp11 npo3opeu.a Ci'K Cb OCTp11 TYPCKI1
cso.nose, a AOJlH11Tt. .nsa Ci'K 4eTBbpT11TI1 Cb KaMeHHI1 paMKI1 HaOKOJlO. no TPI1YManHaTa apKa, OTb
BbHWHa crpaHa, ce 3a6t.nt.3saTb cna611 cnt..n11 OTb pecKI1.
4eTsbpT11TaTa nocrpoHKa, K051T0 o6rpam.na Kynona. e Ci'Kll.IO Bb no ront.MaTa c11 YaCTb TypcKa,
rpa,neHa caMo OTb TYXll11 . .ll,an11 TYPCKI151Tb nnacTb e caMo Ha nospbXHOCTbTa, 11Jll1 npOHI1KBa .no caMI151
Kynonb, He Mome .na ce KOHCTaT11pa.
06p. 5. -
Ll.erafinb OTb ancHnara Ha UbpKsara.
HaH-ropH51Ta YaCTb Ha crt.HaTa Bb nt.so OTb anc11,naTa (o6p.
6) e Ci'Kll.IO TypcKa. 06aYe .nsaTa
Kpi'Krlll1 npo3opeu.a 11 CBOAbTb Ha npo,nbnrosaTOTO npo3opye Mem.ny rBXb, 3anyweHo oTnocni;, Ci'K
cTap11 . .ll,saTa np03opeu.a no cpt.,naTa Ci'K CKi'KCeH11 Ha BI1C0411Ha Cb xy6asb npas11neHb rpa.nemb OTb
ront.MI1 Tyxnvt, st.po51THO npt..n11 TypcKaTa pecraspaUI151. TypcK11 e 11 HaH-AOJJHI151Tb npo3opeu.b Cb KaMeHHaTa paMKa HaoKono 3ae,nHo Cb Cbct..nHoTo noAKbpnsaHe. Bb nt.so OTb T0311 npo3opeu.b, TbKMO
nOAb BbHWHI151 i'Krbllb Ha nbpB1151 crapb npo3opeu.b, ce 3a6t.nt.Jsa
U.bpKsaTa, w11p0Ko OKOJJO
spt.3saHe Bb crap1151 311Ab
41111TO OCHOBJ.1 ce HaM"Bp11xa np:.-t pa3KOnKI1Tt. (rn. nnaHa Ha Ta6n. IX np11

KaMbHI1, nocraseHI1
Ha
60 eM. Tosa spt.3BaHe np0113Xom.na OTb 311,na Ha e,nHa TypcKa np11CTpOHKa,
Me>~<.ny
Yen-1p11 Tyxnl1.
R ).
T51 e 611na rpa,neHa OTb
CerawHOTO CbCTO~HHe Ha UbpKBaTa
16
CnHaTa Bb ,o,ecHo OTb ano1,o,aTa (rn. Ta6n. IV) e Typct<a Bb u,-EnaTa CH ropHSI YaCTb. Hal1-ropHHSITb
npo3opeu,b e CTapb Bb OCHOBaTa Cl-1, o6a4e CBOAbTb MY e TYPCKI-1. n-EBHSITb OTb ,o,BaTa np030peu,a no
cp-E,o,aTa e CT"ECHeHb Bb Typct<o sp-EMe, t<aTo MY e np1-16aseHb H xapat<TepHHSI Ja
TOBa
CTpeHb cso,o,b. (bc-E,o,HI-1SITb Cb Hero npo3opeu,b e JanaJHnb nbpBoHaYanHaTa
cj:>opMa, o6a4e e
C6p.
6. -
CH
sp-EMe Jao-
lleTaHnb OTb H3TOYHaTa cTtHa Ha UbpK BaTa .
Ct<~CeHb Ha BHC04HH :1 Cb npaBHnHa 31-!,0,apHS!
OTb ron"EMH TyXnl-1, B'EpOSITHO np-E,o,H Typct<aTa
peCTa-
BpaU,HSI. Hal1-,o,onHHS!Tb npo3opeu,b e c~~o Typct<H H e HManb nbpBOHaYanHO t<aMeHHa paMt<a, KaKTO
ocTaHanHT-E ne>+<a~H Bb c~~HSI pe,o,b npo3opu,H Ha Ta3H cTpaHa.
17
Ct.sepHara crt.Ha Ha UbpKsara
CoBEPHF\TF\ CToHF\ (Ta6n. V 11 VI 11 o6p. 3, 7 11 8). Pa3ni1'-IHO GK 3ana3eHI1 TYKb crlHaTa Ha

Hanp-B'-1HI151 KOpa6b 11 Ta311 Ha CTpaHI1'-IHI151KOpa6b Ha ll,bpKBaTa. nbpBaTa (o6p. 7) np11Ha)J,nemi1KbMb HaH-
I'
06p. 7. -
.UeraHnb OTb ct.sepHara crt.Ha Ha UbpKsara.
)J,06pt, 3ana3eHI1T-B '-!aCTI1 Ha LJ,t.naTa noCTpoi1Ka. 1) CaMo '-!aCTb OTb He51, Bb )],eCHO, e noKp11Ta OTBbHb
1) Heo6~CHHMO e Ha npbBb nornenb, KaKb KaHHllb,
Koiho e 6Hnb ronK03b BHHMareneHb Ha6ntonarenb, e MOmanb na ce 3a6nynH no raKasa creneHb, Ye na CYHTa ut.nara I-13T04Ha YaCTb Ha UbpKBaTa (Hanpt.YHH~Tb KOpa6b
3aenHo Cb Kynona) 3a rypcKa (Donau-Bulgarien und der
Balkan, 2 H3n. II 212). Toi1 e 6Hnb BbseneHb Bb 3a6nymCa. Co<jmo
neHHe KaKTO H3rnemna OTb o6CTO~TenCTBOTO, Ye Ta3H YaCTb

Ha UbpKsara e Hai1-no6pt. 3ana3eHa, a ocst.Hb rosa TSI e
61-1na Bb Heroso spt.Me st.po~THO H3Ma3aHa owe nocra no6pt. Cb sapb OTBbHb, nopan11 Koero He e Morno na ce
Ha6ntonasa no6pt, pa3nHKara b crpoHTen+fH~ MarepHanb
11 HaYHHbTb Ha rpanema .
18
CerawHoro CbCTOilHHe Ha UbpKsara
Cb e,ll,HHb nnacTb OTb TypcKa o6nmJ,OBI<a, Ae6enb

caMH51
30-50 CM. To3H nnaCTb e pa3KbpTeHb cera Ha
3ana,ll,eHb .i'il.fbnb, scn-EACTBHe Ha I<OeTo MHoro A06pi; ce BHH<Aa, I<aKb TOH npHn-Ensa AO
HepaBHaTa CTapa nnOCKOCTb Ha CrlHaTa.
Hanp-E4HH51Tb I<Opa6b HMa Ha Ta3H CTpaHa WeCTb np030-
peu,a, pa3nono}!{eHH no TPH Bb ,ll,Ba pe,ll,a. Ti; C.i'il. 3ana3HnH BCH'-Il<H CTapaTa CH opMa, o6a4e ABaTa
06p. 8. -
ileTaHJJb OTb ct.sepHaTa CTt.Ha Ha Ubp!<BaTa.
I<paHHH npo3opeu,a Bb ropHH51 pe,ll,b C.i'il. 3anyweHH u,-EnH Cb npaBHnHa 3H,ll,apH51 OTb ron-EMH ryxnH,
l<051TO H-EMa TYPCKH xapai<Tepb. )J,saTa I<pai::tHH npo3opeu,a Bb ,ll,OnHH51 pe,ll,b C.i'il. 3anyweHH caMo
OT4aCTH Cb C.;W,aTa 3H,ll,apH51, 3a ,l],a Ce nOCTaB51Tb Ha C.;W,OTO Hlf.BO Cb cpt.,ll,HI-151 np030peU,b, I<Oi:ho
19
Ct sep't!OTO crpaHH4HO oTnt.neHHe Ha npt.nnsepHeTo
nbpBOHa4anHO, nopa,o,11 Haxo,o,sm.J,ara ce no,o,b Hero spara,
e 611nb ManKo nO-HI1CbKb. Bparara no,o,b
T0311 npo3opeu.b e 3anyweHa u.-Ena Cb c;v;.w,ara 311,o,ap11S!.

Cbsci>Mb Bb ,o,pyro CbCTOS!HI1e ce HaM11pa c-EsepHara cTi>Ha Ha CTpaHI14HI1S! KOpa6b (o6p.
OTb nbpsoHa4anHara cTi>Ha Ha noCTpoi1Kara He nl1411 OTBbHb no4TI1 HI1W,O.
Cera TS!
3). TyKb
11Ma HanbnHO
rypc1<11 xapaKrepb, rpa,o,eHa e CbBCi>Mb He6pi>>+<HO 11 cna6o OTb pa3Hoo6pa3eHb Marep11anb MbHI1, ryxn11 OTb pa3Ha roni>MI1Ha, nap4era OTb CTpoweHI1 ryxn11 11 KepaM11AI1 -
Ka-
Karo np11 rosa C.;.
ynorp-E6eHI1 Bb rpane>+<a 11 xapaKrepHHTi> 3a rypcKI1S! CTpoe>+4HI1 11 Ha,D,Jlb>+<HI1 rpe,o,11, KOI1TO

C.;.
OW,e OT4aCTI1
,0,06pi>
3ana3eHI1.
vf3o6w,o
no BCI141<0 Jll-1411,
Ye
Ta311 CTi>Ha
npi>rbpni>na
MHoroKparHI1 11 ro BI1Ham He6pi>>+<HI1 nonpas1<11. KaKro 113TbKHaxMe o6aye no-rop-E (CTp.
06p. 9. -
12),
BCI141<11
Ct.sepHOTo CTpaHH4HO omt.neHHe Ha npt.nnsepHeTo.
Ti>311 npoMi>HI1 C.;. 3aCi>rHaJ111 CaMO nOBpbXHOCTbTa Ha CTi>HaTa, 411S!TO S!,D,Ka Bb CN;.W,HOCTb
CTapa.
Me>+<ny pa3sani1HI1Ti> Ha rypc1<11r-E np-Enpas1<11 ryKb S!CHO nl1411 11 cera ow,e apKara Ha e,o,I1Hb crapb
cso,o,eCTb npo3opeu.b, 113ry6eHb CbBbpweHo Bb rypcKara 311,o,ap11S!. Cera Ha ra311 cri>Ha ce HaM11paTb
CaMO ,D,Ba rypC1<11 4eTBbpT11TI1 np030pL1,11 Cb KaMeHeHb 6op,o,!Opb nO !<paS!,
Kai<BI1TO HaMi>p11XMe 11 Ha
113T04Hara cri>Ha.
Bb Hai1-3ana,o,Hara 4aCTb Ha cri>Hara (o6p.
8)
ce 3a6-Eni>3Ba cso,o,ecra spara, 3a311,0,aHa Cb rypcKa
311,o,ap11S! OTb KaMbHI1 11 ryxn11. Ta311 spara e so,o,-Ena OTb
npi>,D,D,sep11ero
Bb c-EsepHoro crpaHI14HO
OT,o,i>neHI1e, I<OeTO Cera e CbBbpWeHO Cb60peHO 4al+<e 11 6nOKOBeTh OTb KaMeHHI1S! MY LJ,OI<bJlb Cb V13l<J1104eHvte Ha OHi>311 CaMO nap4eTa, 1<011TO On11paTb Henocpi>,o,CTBeHO no U.bpKOBHara cri>Ha. Cb noMow,bra Ha HanpaseHvtr-E ryKb pa3KOnKI1 MO>+<a ,o,a ce ycraHOBI1
TOYHara
cpopMa
Ha rosa
or,o,-EneHI1e
(rn.
nnaHa Ha ra6n. IX vt o6p. 9). To e 11Mano ,o,s-E anc11,0,11,
e,o,Hara Ha 113TOKb, ,o,pyrara Ha 3ana,o,b, 11 e 611no ,o,ocrN-nHo caMo orb

,lJ,bn>+<vtHara My, 3ae,o,Ho Cb anc11,o,11rl, e 9"60 M., a
w11p04vtHara -
npi>,D,D,sepvtero Ha
U.bpKBara.
430 M. Lfe rosa or,o,-EneHI1e e
CbCTaBS!nO Hal1cmHa 4aCTb OTb nbpsoHaYanHara nocrpoi11<a Ha U.bpKsara, ce Bl1>+<,o,a OTb o6croS!ren3*
20
CerawHoro CbCTOSIHHe Ha UbpKBaTa
CTBOTO, ,[J,i;TO 6JlOKOBeri; Ha KaMeHHVI51 MY
U,OKbJlb Ce
B,[l,aBaTb
Bb
KaMeHHI-151
U,OKbJlb
Ha
CaMara
ubpKsa, a He CJK caMo AOn"tneHVI AO T03VI nocn"tAHVI51.

HaAb
noKpVIBa
!-'a
crpaHV14HVI51
Kopa6b,
Bb H3AHrHarara
no-BHCOKO
cr"tHa
Ha
rnaBHI-151
KOpa6b Ha U,bpKBaTa, ce HaMVIpaTb np030pU,V1Ti;, KOVITO OCB"tTJ151BaTb Henocpi;ACTBeHO T031-1 nOC!l"tAHVI51.

04epraHVI51Ta Ha crap1-1r"t npo3opu,V1 , KCVITO CJK 6HnH Ha 6po.:i
wecrb, ce 3a6-tn"t3sarb ow,e MHoro
A06pi;, Tbi1 KaTO rypcKaTa 06JlVIU,OBKa, K051TO 6e3b CbMH"tHI-!e H Bb Ta31-! 4aCTb Ha U,bpKBaTa e 61-!Jla
TaKa BHHMaTenHa , KaKTO H Apyra,[J,i; ,
npo3opu,V1
CJK
3anyweHVI
cera
CbBbpweHo
Bb no-ron-tMara
CVI 4aCTb e
Bb nO-Kb":HO sp"tMe.
H3na,[l,ana. ,IJ,saTa
OcTaHanHrl
YerVIpl-1
Kpai1HH
CJK 61-!nH
caMo
CTICHeHH, KaTO npH TOBa crapHTi; KplKrJll-1 apKI-1 CJK 3aM"tHeHH Cb rypCKI-1 3aOCTpeHI-I .
Ta3H Yacrb OTb cr"tHara, K051TO ce HaMHpa Henocp"tACTBeHo nOAb noKpHsa H K051TO noKa3sa
TBbpAi; npasHneHb rpaAemb OTb Ae6enVI ryxnH , e .npaseHa e,[l,Ba Bb Ha4anoro Ha MVIHanara rOAHHa ,
3a ,[!,a MOrarb Aa ce cnomarb KepaMHAHT"t Ha noKpHBa, TbH Karo
cr"tHara
Ha
rosa
M-tcro
6-twe
CbBC"tMb pa3pyweHa .
IO>t<HATA CToHA (ra6n .
II VI Ill VI o6p. 1). 3a ra3H cr"tHa HMa Aa ce Kame n04TH CIKW,OTO,
KOeTo Ka3axMe seye 3a c-tsepHara. Cr"tHara Ha Hanp"t4HH51 Kopa6b e 3ana3eHa cJKw,o TaKa A06pi;, o6a4e
rypcKHT-t nonpaBKVI CJK n0-3Ha4VITeJlHVI, OCOOHO Bb ropH51Ta
CJKW,HTi; npoM"tHH, KaKTO H Ha ci;sepHaTa CTpaHa, T.
H 4aCTb. npo30pU,!-1T"t CJK np"trbpn"tm-1
e. KpaHHHTi; Bb ropHH51
pe,[!,b
CJK 3anyWeHH
u,i;mt, a T"t3VI Bb ,[1,0JlHH51 CJK CaMO CHVIWeHVI, 3a ,[J,:l ,[l,OH,[l,aTb Ha CJKW,OTO HHBO Cb cpi;,[!,HH51 npo3opeu,b.
Crapara cso,[l,ecra spara, K051TO ce e HaMHpana no cp"tAara Ha cr-tHaTa H 4VIHTO 04epraHH51 51CHO nH4aTb,
e 6VIna u,i;na 3anyweHa. Ha Hei1Ho M"tCTO, o6a4e MHoro nO-BVICOKO, e 6Hna orsopeHa omocni; rypcKa
4eTBbpTHTa
BpaTa
Cb
KaMeHeHb
OOp,[!,!Opb,
np"tAb
K051TO cera e nOCTpOeHa MO,[!,epHaTa AbpBeHa
CTbn6a . 0TBap51HeTO Ha Ta3H BpaTa Tpi;6sa Aa e CTaHaJlO MHOro KbCHO, KOraTO OKOJlHOTO HHBO ce e
6Hno se4e TO!lK03b H3AHrHano, 4e e Morno Aa ce B!lH3a np"t3b He51 Hanpaso OTBbHb, 6e3b CTbn6a. 1)
CT-tHara Ha crpaHVI4HH51 Kopa6b e
CbBbpweHo
VI3M"tHeHa
npH
npaseHero
Ha
MOAepHaTa
1900 r. KaKb e H3rnem,[l,ana Ta3H cT"tHa no-paHo, ce BHmAa OTb e,[l,Ha no-cTapa
ororpaqm51 (Ta6n. Ill). ,lJ,oKonKoro Mome Aa ce C~AH no Ta3H oTorpaH51, CT"tHaTa ce e HaMHpana
u,bpKBHua np"t3b
Bb CJKW,OTO nonomeHHe, KaKTO CbOTB"tTCTByBaW,aTa H 4aCTb

rpa,[!,e}f{bTb OTBbHb HOCH BCeu,-tno TYPCKH xapaKTepb Cb
Ha ci;sepHaTa
MHOro6poi1HH
CTpaHa
nonpaBKH.
Ha
Bb
UbpKBaTa.
cr"tHaTa CJK
6HJlH OTBOpeHH naKb ,[l,Ba 4eTBbpTHTH np030pU,11 Cb KaMeHHH 60pA10pH, H TO T04HO Ha CJKW,OTO M"tCTO,
Ha Koero cera ce HaMVIpaTb ABaTa ron"tMH npo3opeu,a Ha MOAepHaTa u,bpKBHu,a. Br. ,[!,eCHO OTb npo3opU,HT"t ce e HaMHpana BHCOKa spaTa, K051TO e OCTaBeHa H Bb MOAepHaTa U,bpKBHU,a n04TH 6e3b H3M"tHeHHe. nparoTb Ha Ta3H Bpara Jle}f{VI Cb
90 CM. nO-HHCKO OTb npara Ha BpaTaTa, OTBOpeHa Bb CT"tHaTa Ha
Hanp"t4HH51 Kopa6b. Cn"tAOBaTenHo nbpBaTa e no-crapa, npaseHa

repeHb. 3acnymasa BHVIMaHVIe xy6asaTa apxHTeKTOHH4Ha op:v~a
npH
no-HHCKO HHBO Ha OKOJlHH51
Ha Ta3H
spaTa,
o6rpaAeHa Cb Ka-
MeHeHb npo1-1nysaHb 6opAtOpb, KOHTO e 3ana3eHb 6e3b H3M"tHeHHe.

Ha M"tCToTo, A"tTo cera ce HaMHpa np"tMBepVIeTo Ha
MOAepHaTa
u,bpKBHu,a, e
paHo TypcKOTO MHHape, Cbrpa,[!,eHO Bb HaH-,[1,0JlH51Ta CH 4aCTb OTb xy6ae11 ,[J,i;JlaHH
CT051no no-
KaMbHH.
nbpBO-
Ha4aJlHO Ha TOBa M"tCTO Ce e HaMHpano IQ}f{HOTO CTpaHH4HO OT,[J,i;JleHVIe Ha npi;,[l,IJ,sepHeTO, CHMeTpH4HO

Cb onHcaHOTO no-ropi; (cTp.
19) Ha ci;sepHaTa crpaHa. OcHOBHr"t 11a rosa OTA"tneHHe JlVI4aTb OTYacrH
Ha nospbXHOCTbTa Ha 3eM51Ta. 0Tb 3ana3eHHT-t cn"tAH ce BVI>H,[J,a, 4e HeroBaTa opMa H pa3,M"tpH CJK
6HnH CJKW.Hrl, KaKTO np~-1 c-tsepHOTO OTA"tneHHe.
npo30pU,HTi; B'b nO-BHCOKaTa CTi;Ha Ha rnaBHVI51 KOpa6b, Hc,[l,b noKpHBa Ha CTpaHH4HH51, GK
npi;Tbpn"tnH CJKW,HTi; H3M"tHeHH51, KaKTO Ha ci;sepHaTa CTpaHa:
Kpai1HHTi; ,[l,Ba CJK 6HJlH 3anyweHI-!,
a OCTaHaJlHTi; 4eTV1pH CJK 6HJlH CT"tCHeHH H CJK nony4HJlH rypCKVI 3aOCTpeHH CBO,[l,OBe.
1) HHsoro oKono Cs. CoqmSI no np"\;nH ocso6oH<ne

HHeTO e 6HJIO MHOfO no BHCOKO. To e CHHWeHO 3H3'lH
renHo, Cb noseye OTb 1~0 M., npH

UHOHHH pa60TH Bb rpana .
MonepHHrt peryna
' !
IOmara H 3ananHara c1t.HH
3f\nf\,1J,Hf\Tf\ CToHf\
I<BaTa.
(cpaca.r:~aTa, Ta6n.
VII).
~ea
21
ucpKsara
Ha~-MHoro
e nocTpa.r:~ana cpaca.r:~aTa Ha u,bp-
no'-ln1 u,-6naTa ~ n-6sa nonOBV!Ha, 3ae,[IH0 Cb AOnvtpall.l,aTa ce '-!aCTb OTb CBO,[\a, e Cb60peHa.
E.o.Ho nap'-le OTb cso.r:~a neH<vt VI cera Bb np-BMsepvteTo Ha u,bpKBaTa.

ron-BMaTa spaTa Bb cp-B.r:~aTa Ha cpaca,[laTa, Cb KaMeHeHb 6opA10pb no !<past, e TypcKa. CTapaTa BpaTa,
'-IVIVITO 0'-lepTaHVISI Oll.l,e nvt'-laTb Bb CThHaTa,
Ce e HaMvtpana Ha
C-'Kll.I,OTO M-6CTO, o6a'-le
6vtna e MHoro no-ron-6Ma vt e 3aBbpwsaJJa orrop-6 Cb KpiYZrbnb CBOAb, OT'-IaCTH 3ana3eHb.
CT-BHaTa
HaOKOnO HOCVI Cn-6Avt OTb MHOro6po~HVI np-6npaBKVI, KOVITO, nopaA11 pa3nl1'-111eTO Ha MaTep11ana, Tp-66sa
.r:~a AaT11paTb OTb pa3HI1 sp-BMeHa. Pa3n03Hasa ce stCHO, '-le, np-B.r:111 .r:~a
6iYZAe
HanpaseHa
TypcKa spaTa, CTapaTa spaTa e 6vtna nonpasstHa 11 HaManeHa noHe Oll.l,e se.r:~HaH<b VI
cerawHaTa
TO Cb TyxneHb
TBbpA-5 coni1AeHb rpaAeH<b. CT-5HaTa Henocp-BACTBeHo HaAb J<aMeHHHSI 6opAtOpb Ha cerawHaTa spaTa
e rpa,[leHa HanpOTVIBb TBbpA-6 He6p-5H<HO OTb KaMbHVI, Tyxnvt 11 AbpBeTa, H-5KOVI OTb K011TO Oll.l,e Ci'i'Z
3ana3eHI1, a 11MeHHO Ha BiYZTp-6wHaTa CTpaHa.
I'
06p. 10. -
Llerai1nb orb 3ananHara crt.Ha Ha UbpKsara.
Bb .r:~ecHo OTb spaTaTa nl-1'-laTb 0'-1epTaHI1stTa

npas11neHb TyxneHb rpa.r:~eH<b.
Ha .r:~sa cTap11
npo3opeu,a, 3a311AaHI1
Oll.l,e n6 Bb .r:~ecHo ce HaM11pa e.r:~Ha noManKa spaTa,
u.-Bn11
Cb
3a3vtAaHa
Cb
Tyxnvt VI KaMbHVI, Ha '-111eTO M-5CTO e HanpaseHb cera e,[II1Hb np030peu,b. no cp-J:;AaTa Ha cpaCa,[laTa,
HaAb rnasHaTa spaTa, ce HaMHpaTb Tpvt cso.r:~eoH npo3opeu,a, OTb KOHTO caMo .r:~sa Ci'i'Z 3ana3eHvt u,-Bn11.
T-5 Ci'i'Z 3Ha'-111TenHo yManeHvt 4p"53b con11.r:1eHb TYPCKI1 rpa.r:~e>~<b, KaTo HMb Ci'i'Z npvt6aseHI1 npccpvtnysaHI1
3aOCTpeH11 CBO,[\OBe. ManKOTO KpiYZrnO np030p'-1e Bb IJ,eCHO e Ci'i'Zll.I,O CTapo, o6a'-!e Bb nO-HOBO sp-5Me e
61-1n0 OT'-!aCTI1 nonpaBSIHO, 6e3b ,[\a MOH<e ,[Ia Ce ycTaHOBI1 TO'-IHO, AO KiYZ,[I-5
(BOAbTb Ha rnaBHHst KOpa6b, KaTo on11pa AO cpaca.r:~aTa,
vt3nvt3a 11 Ha n11u,eTo ~ Bb BHAb Ha nonyKpiYZrna apKa,
nOAb Hest
ce HaMvtpaTb Bb eAHHb peAb Oll.l,e Tp11
e OTV!Bana nonpaBKBTa.
npop-53sa He~HdTa
KOstTO 11 cera nvt'-111 .r:~o6p-5.
no-ManKI1
npo3opeu,a,
OTb
cT-BHa TaKa, '-le

Henocp-BncTBeHo
KOI1TO Ci'i'Z
3ana3eHvt
u,-Gnvt Ci'i'Zll.I,O caMo .r:~sa. Kpa~HvtstTb, KO~To vtMa HenpasvtnHa cpopMa, e 3a3HAaHb u,-Bnb, a cp-BAHVIS!Tb e
CaMO yManeHb VI CHa6.[1eHb Cb TypcKa 3aOCTpeHa apKa, Ci'i'Zll.I,O KaKTO npvt np030pU,HT-5 Ha nO-,[IOnHVISI pe.[lb.
:J
~I
' ''
22
CerawHoTo CbCTOSIHHe Ha UbpHsaTa
no u;EJIOTO ni-HJ,e Ha cpaea)J,aTa ee 3a6-l;nE3BaTb MHOr06pOHHI1 nonpaBKI1, HanpaBeHI1

113Kn!OYI1Te!1HO OTb TYXJ111,
o6aye T"E311 noen-E)J,H11T-E He e;r;. HdBe-EKJK)J,-i; e)J,HaKBI1 -
Ka3Ba, Ye nonpaBKI1n )J,aT11paTb OTb pa3HI1 Bp-EMeHa.
nOYTH
H-i;w,o, KOeTO no-
np116!111311Te!1HO Ha nOJ10BI1HaTa Bl1eOYI1Ha Ha
cpaea)J,aTa, Me>HAY BpaTaTa 11 ne>HilW,11T-E Ha)J,b HeSI np030pL.1,11, ee HaM11paTb H"EKOJIKO ron-EM11 YeTBbpT11TI1 AYnKI1, Bb KOI1TO e;r;. 611n11 noeTaseHI1,
noAn11panl1 AbpBeH11SI
noKp11Bb, KOHTO
nepneHA11KY!1S!pHO KbMb eT-EHaTa, Ae6en11 rpe)J,I1. T-E
nopaHo ee e HaM11panb np-EAb cpaeaAaTa
e;r;.
Ha u,bpKBaTa. Bb
e)J,Ha cpOTOrpacp11S1, eHeTa np-EA11 )J,eeeTI1Ha rOA11HI1 11 penpOAYL.1,11paHa Bb noen-E)J,HS!Ta rnasa, H"EKOI1 OTb
)J,bpBeTaTa Ha nOKp11Ba ee BI1>H)J,aTb OW,e Ha M-EeTOTO e11.
0eHOB11T-E
(o6p.
10 ).
Ha
n-EsaTa eb6opeHa
CT-EHaTa e 3ana3eHa TYKb
M-EeTOTO Ha CTpaHI1YHaTa spaTa,
nonos11Ha
Ha Bl1eOYI1Ha
OTb
cpaea)J,aTa ee
oKono
3anyweHa 6b AOJJHS!Ta
pa3Kp11xa
np11
pa3KOnKI1n
M. Bb HeSI ee pa3n03Hasa ow,e SleHo
e11 YaeTb eb rpy6b TypeKI1
KaMeHeHb rpa-
Ae>Hb, eJKW,O KaKTO np11 ebOTB"ETHaTa eTpaHI1YHa BpaTa Bb )J,eeHO.
noAp06HaTa aHaJ1113a, KOSITO HanpaBI1XMe Ha BbHWH11T-E CT"EHI1 Ha
L.l,bpKBaTa, Hl1
n03BOJ1S!Ba
BeYe )J,a
yCTaHOBI1Mb
rnaBH11T-E CTp011TeJ1HI1
nep110AI1,
KOI1TO
e;r;.
HaJ10}f{I1Jll1
eBOSI
YaTbKb Ha noCTpo?IKaTa. Bb HaWI1SI enyya?l T"E311 nep110A11 ee xapaKTep11311paTb

CTpaHa eb pa3HI1SI MaTep11aJ1b, ynoTp-E6S!BaHb Bb rpa)J,e>Ha, a OTb Apyra KOHTO e;r;. 6)1!111 TpeT11paH11 npo3opu,11T-E.
BOAHa H11WKa np11
Onp-EA"E!lS!He Ha
ETO 3aw,o T"E311 ABa
113M"EHeHI1S!Ta,
KOI1TO
np113HaKa
se"EKI1
Cb
w,e
Oeo6eHb
rnaBHO
pa3HI1SI
OTb
BHeeb!lb
eAHa
HaYI1Hb,
Hl1 eny<aTb 3a
nep110)J,b e
OTne-
Bb
no
p;r;.Ko-
rpa)J,e>Ha
Ha L.l,bpKBaTa.
nbpB11SITb CTp011TeJ1eHb nep110)J,b OTrOBapS!, pa3611pa ee, Ha
f<OJJKOTO
TSI
Bb TeYeHI1e
Ha
Bp-EMeTO
11 )J,a
nbpBOHaYa!lHaTa
nOCTpOHKa Ha
e 611na 113M"EHS!Ha, see
naKb 3ana3eHO e
OTb HeSI )J,OeTaTbYHO, 3a )J,a MO>HeMb )J,a Sl peKOHeTpy11paMe Bb Bei1YK11T-E H YaeTI1.
(b T0311 BbnpOeb
L.l,bpKBaTa.
o6aYe Lu,e ee 3aHI1MaeMb no-nOApo6Ho, nopaA11 HerosaTa sa>HHOeTb, Bb en-EAHS!Ta

Ka>HeMb eaMO H"EKO!lKO AYMI1 3a
OCTaHaJ111n
He06XO)J,I1MO, 3a )J,a ee pa36epe nO-iJ,06p-l;
eTp011TeJ1HI1
nep110)J,I1,
11 TO AO
eeraWHOTO ebeT051HI1e Ha
rnasa.
TOJIKOBa,
yManeHI1
Ha
Bl1eOYI1Ha,
a Apyrl1
Ha?I-ManKO T-ExHaTa nbpBOHaYanHa
err<. 611!111
cpopMa.
ebBbpWeHO 3anyweHI1,
YnoTp-E6eHI1
e;r;.
611n11
6e3b )J,a
KaTO
w,e
KOJIKOTO e
B.iKTp"EWHOeTbTa Ha
8TOp11S!Tb CTp011TeneHb nep110)J,b ee xapaKTep11311pa eb TOBa, Ye H"EK011 OTb

611!111
TyKb
L.l,bpKBaTa.
np030pL.1,11n e;r;.
eP. 113M"EHSI
CTp011TeneHb
Hl1
MaTep11a!lb
naKb ron-EM11 Tyxnl1, KOI1TO noYTI1 He ee pa3ni1YaBaTb OTb no-CTap11T-E. 06aYe xopoeaHbTb ebAbp>Ha
KepaMI1)J,11 CTpOWeHI1 Ha nO-)J,pe6HI1 napYeTa 11 OeB"EHb TOBa TOH He e enaraHb Bb TOJ1K03b Ae6eJ111
nnaeTOBe, KaKTO np11 nbpBOHaYaJ1HI1SI rpa)J,e>Hb Ha L.l,bpKBaTa. Vl3o6w,o B3eTO, L.l,bpKBaTa He W,e )J,a e
np-ETbpn-Ena np-E3b T0311 nep110Ab H-EKat<BI1 3HaYI1TenHI1 113M1;HeHI1SI. H-EKOI1 no-Ma!1KI1 nonpaBKI1 w,e
)J,a err<. 611!111 MO>He 611 113BbpWeHI1, HO T-E AHeeb He MOraTb BeYe )J,a
ee
KOHeTaT11paTb eb
TeJ1HOeTb. C11rypHo e ow,e, ye T0311 nep110Ab e np-EAwensysanb TypeKOTO
snaA11YeCTso
nOJ10}f{I1-
11 o6pbw,a-
HeTo Ha u,bpKBaTa Bb )J,>HaMI1SI, TbH KaTO Bb OH"E311 nonpaBKI1, K011TO MOraTb )J,a ee np11n11WaT b He My,
He ee ep-Ew,aTb HI1KaKBI1 TypeKI1 eneMeHTI1.
Cn-EA11 OTb T0311
nep110Ab HaM11paMe
rnaBHO Bb Ha-
np1;YHI1SI KOpa6b, YI111TO np030pL.1,11 err<. )1,0611!111 TOra3b Bb no-ron-i;MaTa e11 YaeTb eeraWHI1SI
e11 BI1)J,b.
TpeTI1SITb CTp011TeneHb nep110Ab e seYe TypeKI1. To?! ee OTJ111Yasa eb 113BbHpeAHO eoni1)J,eHb

11 npas11neHb rpaAeHAY YeT11p11
np030pL.1,11n
e;r;.
611!111
yMaJ1eHI1
OW,e
noseYe,
KaTO
e;r;.
Tyxnl1,
11!111
nbKb eaMo OTb Tyxn11.
611!111 eHa6)J,eHI1 eb Kpaei1BO 113pa6oTeHI1
3aOCTpeHI1 CBO)J,OBe. npo30pL.1,11T-E Bb ropHS!Ta YaeTb Ha cpaea)J,aTa, KaKTO 11 Bei1YKI1 MaJ1KI1 np030pYeTa
Ha rnaBHI1SI Kopa6b, err<. nonyY11n11 np-E3b T0311
IO>HHaTa
eT-EHa Ha )J,eeHI1SI
(rn. Ta6n.
II
11
Ill),
eTpaHI1YeHb
nep110Ab eeraWHI1SI e11
KOpa6b,
KOSITO
3ana3eHa
B11Ab.
11
Bb
C;r;.w,o 11
MO)J,epHaTa
spaTaTa
Bb
L.1,bpKBI1LJ,a
e A0611na s-EpOS!THO Torasa AHeWHaTa e11 cpopMa. Ha e;r;.w,oTo sp-EMe w,e Tp-E6sa Aa
PaJHHTt crpoHTenHH nepHonH. -
23
BrHpt.wHOCTbTa Ha UbpKBaTa
Tt
ce np11m1waTb noseYeTo OTb BHI1MaTe11HO HanpaseHI1TB o61111u,OBKI1 Ha CTBHI1TB.

Cb C}i';.Lll,aTa OHa311 rOJl'EMa rpmt<1111BOCTb 11 CbBbpWeHCTBO Bb TeXH11l<aTa,
1<011TO
C}i';.
113BbpweHI1
OT1111YaBaTb
BCI1YI<I1
np~npas1<11 OTb T0311 nep110nb.

4eTBbpT11SITb nep110nb e C}i';.Lli,O l)'pC1<11 11 Ce OT1111YaBa Cb r011~MaTa
neH<a, Kolho HaB~K}i';.n~ e HepaBHOM~peHb, c11a6b 11
Ha6bp3o
HeMap1111BOCTb
113BbpweHb.
3a
Bb
crpo11Te11eHb
p11a11b C}i';. noc11yH<111111 KaMbHI1, TYX1111, napYeTa OTb CTpoweHI1 TYX1111 11 KepaMI1nl1 -
rpaMaTe-
Bb06Lll,e BCI1YKO,
nonanHa11o, Haxsbp11S!HO 6e3b B~Kai<bBb penb. XopocaHbTb e c11a6b 11 11ecHO ce pa3-
KaKBOTo ce e
nana. Xapai<TepH11 C}i';. 3a T0311 nep11onb nbpBeHI1TB rpen11, KOI1TO C}i';. nocTaBSIHI1 11 Ha nospbXHOCTbTa
Ha 311na,
KaTO C}i';. 6111111 C1<p11BaHI1 CaMO Cb Ma311111<aTa.
npo30pU,11TB 11MaTb 0611KHOBeHO YeTBbpT11Ta
cpopMa Cb KaMeHeHb 6opn10pb no KpaS!. Cp~Lll,aTb ce o6aye
11 TaKI1Ba Cb 3aocTpeHI1,
HO 11owo Ha-
npaseHI1 csonose, KaKTO Hanp. Ha 113TOYHaTa CTpaHa Bb CT~HaTa nonb TPI1YM.a11HaTa api<a. Pa3611pa
ce, ye OTb T0311 nep110nb, KaTo Hai-1-HOBb, C}i';. 3ana3eHI1 11
c11~n11. Oco6Ho xapai<TepHa e
Hai-1-MHOro
3a Hero BbHWHaTa c~sepHa cnHa Ha 11~BI1SI cTpaHI1YeHb Kopa6b (o6p. 3).
Tp~6sa na ce np11n11we 11 rnaBHaTa spaTa Ha cpacanaTa Bb cerawHI1SI
11
Ha
C}i';.Lli,I1SI
nep110nb
Bl1nb, KaKTO 11 Ta311 Bb IOH<-
HaTa crl;Ha Ha Hanp~YHI1SI Kopa6b, np~nb KOSITO nHeCb ce HaM11pa MonepHaTa nbpBeHa CTh116a (Ta611.
Hai1-nOC11~ KaTO neTI1 CTp011Te11eHb nep110nb MOH<eMb na

60H<neHI1eTO.
l<bMb T0311 nep110nb cnana ycTpOHCTBOTO Ha
Lll,e
03HaYI1Mb
Bp~MeTO
C11~nb
11).
OCB0-
MOnepHaTa U,bp1<BI1LJ,a Bb neCHI1SI CTpaHI1-
YeHb Kopa6b, KaKTO 11 HanpasaTa Ha u,~1111SI ceraweHb noi<p11Bb Ha u,bpi<BaTa.

EcTecrseHo e, Ye TB311 neTb crpo11Te11HI1 nep11ona Bb pa3BI1TI1eTo Ha u,bpi<BaTa He Tp~6sa na
Ce CXBaLll,aTb KaTO OTnb11HI1 KpaTKOBp~MeHHI1 MOMeHTI1, np~3b 1<011TO
(}1';,
113BbpWeHI1
113B~CTHI1
no-
npaBKI1. Bc~KI1 nep11onb c;;._bOTB~TCTBysa Ha enHa enoxa, Bb TeYeHI1e Ha KOSITO YeCTO e cTaBa11o MOH<e
611 HYH<na na ce np~nnp11eMaTb
nonpas1<11
HOCS!Tb eni1Hb 11 C}i';.Lll,l1 Xapai<Tepb 11 Ta311
11
np~cTpoi-11<11.
11MeHHO
06aYe
06Lli,HOCTb
Hl1
T~
nasa
BCI1YKI1
3P
113B~cTHa
Bb3MOH<HOCTb na
enoxa
rOBOp11M:.
3a crpo11Te11HI1 nep110n11 np11 sc~KI1 eni1Hb cTapb apx11Tei<TypeHb naMeTHI1Kb; H11e Lll,e ce nosbpHeMb
Bbpxy T0311 Bbnpocb no-non~. KoraTo Lll,e pa3rneH<naMe 11CTOp11S!Ta Ha u,bpi<BaTa, 3a
TOrasa
XpOHOJ10r!1YeCKI1
nO-TOYHO,
Cb
nOMOLll,bTa
Ha
11CTOp11YeCKI1TB CB~n~HI1SI,
na
BC~I<I1
cp111<c11paMe
eni1Hb
OTb
crpo11Te11HI1T~ nep110n11, KOI1TO KOHCTaT11paxMe TYI<b.
B~rptwHOCTbTa Ha UbpKsara
5.
np~nl1 na ce 113BbpWaTb pa3I<Oni<I1T~ Bb U,bpi<BaTa Cs. Cocp11S1, HeHHI1SITb nonb ce HaM11pawe

Ha BI1COYI1Ha
QSQ-1
M. Hanb KaMeHHI1SI UOI<bJlb Ha CrpanaTa 11 6~ nOCTJlaHb OTYaCTI1 Cb npaBI111HI1 we-
CTO}i';.rb11HI1 l)'XJ111, ne6e1111 01<0110

OTb TypcKo npo113XOH<neHI1e
1
; )
CM., YI1HTO nl1aroHaJ1b 11Ma nb11H<I1Ha
41-42
CM. T0311 nonb e C11rypHO
TYX1111T~ 6~xa nocTaBeHI1 Henocp~ncTBeHo Bbpxy eni1Hb n11aCTb Hacl1nb
11 MHOro 11ecHo ce san~xa, nopan1-1 I<OeTO ro11~Ma YaCTb OTb T~Xb C}i';. 6111111 3aill1rHaTI1 OLll,e no-paHo.
CTap11S!Tb nonb Ha u,bpi<BaTa MOH<a
na
ce OTKp11e
Yp~3b
ensa
pa3I<OnKI1Tt..
Tol-1
ce e
HaM11panb,
Kai<TO 11 611 Tp~6Ba110 na Ce OYaKBa, nOYTI1 Ha Ci'f..Lli,OTO paBHI1Lll,e Cb KaMeHHI1SI LJ,OI<bJlb Ha U,bpi<BaTa;
caMo ropHS!Ta nospbXHOCTb Ha
nona
Hans11wasa11a
Cb
H~K011KO
caHTI1MeTpa
u,OI<bna.
KoHCTpyK-
U,11SITa Ha T0311 nOnb Lll,e pa3r11enaMe no-06CTOSITe11CTBeHO Bb CJl~nHSITa rnaBa, Bb CBpb3l<a Cb npyri1T~
nonpo6HOCTI1 OTb B}i';.Tp~wHI1SI nbpBoHaYa11eHb 113rnenb
Ha u,bpi<BaTa.
Tyi4HVI51Tb
np~CI1YaHeTo
Ha
rnaBHHSI
KOPF\6b.
I<Opa6b
Cb
Bbpxy
I<BanpaTHOTo npocTpaHcTso,
Hanp~YHI-151,
ce
113nl1ra
KynonbTb
I<OeTo ce
(o6p.
13).
1) 11 p eYe K b (Firch.-epigr. Mitteil. X, 1886, 48) norpt.wHo CYHTa HacTHilKaTa Olb weCTO?r;!DllHH TyxnH Ja crapa.
.-
24
CerawHoro CbCTOSIHHe Ha UbpKsara
ToH nOLJY!Ba Bbpxy LJeTYIPYI nepneHAYIKYil51pHY1
e,[l,Ha Ha Apyra
apKYI,
npt.x OAbTb
OTb
KBaApaTHOTO
npOCTpaHCTBO l<bMb !<p~r!laTa OCHOBa Ha Kynona e nOCTYifHaTb 4pt.3b naH,[l,aHTYIBYI, I<OYITO Yl3nb!lBaTb
npa3HY!Tt. TpY!lHb!lHYI npoCTpaHCTBa Me>I<AY ap!<Y!Tt..
OTb
Bbpxa
MY
AO
nbpsoHaYa!lHI-151
06p. 11. -
noAb
Ha
)J,Y!aMeTbpbTb
LJ,bpKBaTa
1975
M.
Ha
Kynona e
Kyno!lbTb
M. , a
rpaAe Hb
BYIC04Y!HaTa
caMo
B,v..rp-EWHOCTbTa Ha UbpKsara OTb KbMb 3ananb.
T)'XJlYI, nOCTaBSIHYI Bb I<OHLJ,eHTpYILJHYI Kp~rose,
I<OYITO l<bMb BbpXa nOCTO>lHHO
I<OTO MOH<.e Aa Ce C~AYI OTb Tt.3YI Mt.CTa, At.TO Ma3YI!ll<aTd e
Y13na,[l,a!la,
TOH e
Ce
yMaJl51BaTb .
)J.OKOJl-
rpaneHb YI3LJ,t.JlO Y1 He
e npt.Tbpn51Ba!lb Ha B~Tpt.wHaTa CYI CTpaHa HY!Kai<BYI nonpaBKYI . V!HTepeCHO e ,[],a Ce OT6t.Jlt.>I<YI,

KBaApaTbTb nOAb Kynona
He
OTh
Cbsct.Mb
npaBYI!leHh
Tb~
LJe
OKn~H<.H::lCTbTa,
on11caHa
l:lb
4e
Hero,
25
l<ynonb1b
113JH13<1 npi-1 3anc,[l,HaTa MY CTpaHa cbHb OTb He51 (np1-16JH13!-1TenHO Cb
50 CM.; rn. Ta6n. X). no Ta3!1
npH4!-1Ha 61-1 Tp-E6aano AO ce np1-1e:-1e, Ye 1-1n1-1 KynonbTb He o6pa3ysa CbBC-EMb npasHnHa O!<p}T\>t<HOCTb,
rlnH nblt<aXb ,[l,a yCTaHOB51,
TbH KaTO
3a Ta3H
Ha UbpKsara OTb KbMb H3T0Kb.
u,i:nb 61-1xa 61-1n11 noTp-E6Hl-1 TOYHH V13M-EpsaHV151 no caMaTa nep1-1cpep1-151 Ha Kynona, KOV1TO 61-1xa H3HCKBanH
noCTp051BaHeTo Ha cneu,1-1aniia CKen51.
Bb sc-E1<1-1 eAV1Hb OTb ABaTa w,1-1Ta nOAb Kynona,
KOV1TO
ce
o6pa3ysaTb
OTA-EneHH51 Ha Hanpi;YHI-151 KOpc6b, ce HaM!-1pa no eAHHb npo3opeu,b (o6p.

(s. CocjJH
13
1-1
KbMb
14).
CTpaHV14HHT-E
T-E3H npo3opu,V1,
4
26
CerawHoro CbCT051HHe Ha UbpKsara
KOYITO OH:ocn-t OK 611n11 3a3Y!,D.aHYI, He CJt..
cnymHnY!
HYIKOra 3a OCB1iTneHY!e, TbH KaTO T1i He Yl3nYI3aTb
Ha,D.b no~<?HBa Ha Hanp-EYHI-151 Kopa6b,
nemaTb
nO-HYICKO OTb Hero.
e,D.Ha CTpc:Ha 3a o6neKYeHHe Ha T51mecTbTa,
K051TO
na,D.a
T-t
Bbpxy no-,D.O'lH51Ta
cnymaTb
apKa,
s-tpo51THO
OTb
,D.pyra -
3a Y!361irBaHe Ha MOHOTOHHOCTbTa Bb WY!pOKaTa nnOCKOCTb Ha W,Y!Ta. f<ynonHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO

,D.OBaTenHO He e
OTb
cn-t-
nonyYasano HHKaKBO Henocp-t,D.CTBeHo ocs-tTneHHe OTBbHb.
06p 13. CTpaHHYHHT-t OT,D.-tneHI-151
KynonbTb Ha UbpKBala, rnenaHb omoni:;.
Ha Hanp1iYHVI51 Kopa6b (rn. o6p.
nnOCbKb KpbCTaTb (MOHaCTY!pCKYl) CBO,D.b. T03YI CBO,D.b
ne>t<Y!
14)
CJt.. CJt..w,o 3acso,D.eHH 11 TO Cb
naKb Bbpxy YeTvtpYI apKYI, HO 6e3b naH-
,D.aHTYIBYI. nptX:J,D.bTb Ce o6pa3yBa Yp1i3b OC06HOTO Hape>t<,D.aHe Ha TyXnYIT1i, KOYITO He CJt.. nOCTaBeHvt
27
XOp1130HTaJJHO Bb KOHLI,eHTp114HI1 Kpi'i'..rOBe,
a HaKJJOHeHO
CJli:.ABaTb HanpaBJJeHVIeTO Ha CbOTBi:.THaTa apKa,
VI
TO
TaKa,
'-le
KaTO o6pa3yBaTb eAVIHb
HV.U.VI, 41111TO BbpXOBe Ce Cpi:.w,aTh Bb eAVIHb VI Ci'i'..W.VI Ll,eHTbpb (rn. o6p.
06p. 14. -
Ha BCtKa
B11Ab
CTpaHa Tyxmni:.
KOHKaBHVI
TpVIi'i'..rbJl-
15).
Ct.sepHoTo OTnt.neHHe Ha Hanpt.4HH51 t<apa6b.
Bb IO>t<HOTO OTAtneHVIe Ha Hanpt4HV15l
!<Opa6b,
HaAb
HaH-ropHHTt
npo3opu.11,
nOAb
CBOAb, Ce HaMHpa Bb eAVIHb peAb rpbU.KVI HaAnVICb HanpaBeHb OTb TYXlll1, OTb KOHTO cera
AAATA8THTOYnATPIAPXOV, T. e.
[r:-:;ji./.:X 'ti
1) To3H Hal!nHCb e 6HJlb 3a6t.nt.3aHb owe f>b

1740 ron. OTb m;ueweCTBeHHKa KeMnneHb, Koi1To ro e
npt.nHcanb norpt.wHo Bb cnt.nHI-151 BHllb: nOAAT8TH
caMVI5l
Ce
'-feTe
E':Y) 'tcG r:x'tp::Xpzcv. 1)
nATPIAPXOV. ln. W. K ubi t s c he k, Kemplens Reise

vcn Wien nach Konstantinopel Bb flrch.-epigr. Mitteil.
XVII, 1894, 49.
4*
28
CerawHOTO CbCTOIIHHe Ha UbpKBaTa
,UsaTa ron-EMH 3ana)J,HYl nHnaCTpa, KOYlTO Kp-En51Tb Kynona, Ci'K np-ETbpn-En!-1 omocn-E H-EKOI-1
Yl3M-EHeHH51. ,UsaTa ptK6a Ha tOr0-3ana)J,HYl51 OTb T-Exb Ci'K oTp-E3aHH
BYlCOYYlHa,
no
TypcKH
BKYCb AO Yl3B-EcTHa
KaTo Ci'K nonyYHnl-1 H-EKo!-1 He3HaYHTenHYl apa6ecKYl (o6p. 16). Bp-E3aHYl51Tb ptK6b
sepo-3ana)J,HYl51 nHnacTbpb e 61-1nb no)J,nbnHeHb, nbpBOHaYanHo

3Yl)J,apH51, K051TO cera Bb ropH51Ta Cl-1
YaCTb
naKb
s-Epo51THO
pa3pyweHa
AO apKaTa,
(o6p. 17).
Bb
Cb
ocHosara
nHna.::Tbpb e srpaAeHa e)J,Ha He)J,OBbpweHa pHMCKa HaArpo6Ha nnoYa 6e3b Ha)J,nYlCb,

s-Epo51THO o~e OTb sTOp!-151 s-EKb en. Xp. 1)
Ha
c-E-
TyxneHa
Ha
T03Yl
K051TO )J,aTHpa
Bb TypcKaTa cr-EHa, K051TO 3anywsa cera TpHyMcpanHaTa apKa (o6p. 18), e srpaAeHb TypcKH51Tb
MHxpa6b Ha AH<aMYl51Ta, TypHaTb ManKo Ha KpHBO, 3a )J,a 6tKAe opHeHmpaHb KbMb MeKa. Bb )J,ec~o
OTb Hero ce HaMHpa TypcKOTO BYlKano (MHM6apb), nocrpoeHo
u.-Eno
OTb KaMbKb . HerosaTa
ocHosa,
HanpaBeHa He06VlKHOBeHO 3)J,paso OTb KaMbHYl H .Bapb Cb n-ECbKb, MeH<AY KOYlTO Ci'K 61-1n1-1 noCTaBeH!-1
1-1 AbpBeHH rpe)J,I-1, AOCTHrawe Ha Abn<HHa AO
M. Onopt T51 6t o6n-EYeHa Ha)J,b no)J,a Cb KaMeHHYl

OnOKOBe, o6pa3yBall.\Yl )J,Bi; CT/Knana Yl
Cb H<en-E3HYl CK06Yl no MeH<AY Cl-1.
YaCTb OTb Ta3Yl noCTpOHKa 6i;
pa3KOnKHT-E, 3a )J,a
He51
M03ai-1Ka,
ce
KaTO
CKaYeHYl
no-ron-EMaTa
pa3pyweHa np!-1
OTKpHe neH<a~aTa nOAb
Ce 3ana3Yl CaMO BYlCOKaTa
YaCTb Ha BYlKanOTO.
CT-EHHTB Ha Hanp-EYHI-151
Kopa6b noKa3-
BaTb Yl OTBtKTpi; G'l'\~YlT-E nonpaBKI-1, KOYlTO KOHCTaTYlpaxMe BeYe OTb BbHWHaTa CTpaHa, Cb Ta3Yl
caMo
pa3nHKa,
ye
CTapaTa
nospbXHOCTb
Ha
CT-EHHT-E OTBIKTpi; e 3ana3eHa MHOrO nO-)J,06pi;,

Bb sctKo e)J,HO orb CTpaHHYHHTt OTAtneHI-151 Ha
Kopa6a ce HaMHpaTb no:)J,s-E nocTaseHH Hacp-E~a
nonyKptKrnl--1 HYlWI-1, BYlCOKYl no 210 M., WYlpOKI-10'95
1-1 Abn6oKH 0 75 M. T-E3Yl HHWI-1 ctK 61-1n1-1 omocn-E
3a3H)J,aHYl Cb TBbpAt conH)J,eHb TypcKH rpaAeH<b
OTb KaMbHYl Yl
06p. 15.-KoHcTpyKUHS! Ha csonosert
TyXnYl.
,[l,si;n 3ana)J,HYl HYlWYl Ci'K
Bb Hanp-tYHHS! Kopa6b. OTBopeHH HaHOBO e)J,Ba cntAb ocso60H<)J,eHHeTo.
Bb T-Exb 1-1 AO cera nHYaTb o~e

OCTaTbll,Yl OTb cppeCKI-1, KOYlTO Ci'K
Yl306pa351Banl-1 H-EKOI-1 CBBTI-11-1
(rn.
AOCTa A06p-E
o5p. 19). 3a H<anOCTb o6pa3Yln
Ci'K seye CbBCBMb nosp-EAeH!-1. Cn-EAH OTb TaKHBa cppecKH ce 3a6-Ent3saTb 1-1 no Ma3HnKaTa Ha npo3opu,HT-E
Bb
IOH<HaTa CTBHa
Ha
HanptYHI-151
Kopa6b. EAHaTa OTb Yl3T04HHT-E HYlWI-1, a HMeHHO Ta3Yl
Bb c-EsepHOTO OTA-EneHHe, nOAb KpaHHI-151 npo3opeu,b, 6-E

CntAH OTb cppeCKYl Bb He51
pa3KpHra e)J,sa np1-1 pa3KOnKYln (o6p. 20).
He ce HaM-EpHxa. ,UpyraTa Yl3TOYHa HHWa oCTasa 1-1 cera o~e 3a3H)J,aHa.
Hf\,Unb>t<HV1To KOPf\61-1
V1
nPo,U,UBEPHETO. rmsHYl51Tb KOpa6b e OT)J,tneHb OTb CTpa-
HY14HYlTB no Cb 5 nHnaCTpa, noCTaBeHH Henocp-EACTBeHO Bbpxy KaMeHHYI51 U.OKbnb Yl CKaYeHYl nOMeH<AY

Cl1 Cb apKYl (o6p. 11 Yl 12). T-EXHYlTB p.;6ose Ci'K spt3aHI1 nO)J,b npaBb i'Kfbnb Has;up-t. nbpB1-151Tb
nl1naCTbpb Ha IOH<HaTa CTpaHa e Cb60peHb. 06pa3ysaHYl51Tb no T0311 HaYI1Hb npOXO)J,'b Cb )J,BOHHa WYlpOYI1Ha e 3aCBO)J,eHb Cb xy6asa KaMeHHa apKa orb TYPCKI-1 npoH3XOAb (o6p. 16). BcHYKYl npoxo)J,H Me<AY
nl1r.acrpi!r-E Ha IOH<Hara .CrpaHa Ci'K 3a311)J,aHI1 Cb cna611 CTBHI1 OTb KaMbHYI 11 Kanb, npaseHYl Bb KbCHO
TypcKo s;ri;Me, KoraTo YaCTb OTb U.bpKBaTa e 611na np11cnoco6eHa 3a optKH<eHb cKna)J,b.
- -- -- - -- -
1) nnoYaTa e nbnra 210. wHpoKa 082 H ne6ena

0"32 M. 0Tropt, TSI JaBbpWBa Cb nollyKpN;fbllb pOHTOHb,
MN;)f{b Cb 6pana H Ha )f{eHa Cb noKpHsano Ha rnasaTa .
OOCTaBeHb BbpXy llAi; KOJIOHKH Cb KOpHHTCKH KaOHTeJIH.
noneTO Ha KaMbKa nOllb pOHTOHa, np-tUHaJHa'leHO Ja

HaunHCb, e oc,-aHano npa3HO, oru-tTo ce BH)f{lla, ye na
Bb noneTo Ha poHTOHa C.; HJ06pa3eHH usa 610cTa, Ha
MeTHHKbTb He e 6HJ!b OKOH'laTellHO llOBbpWeHb.
29
fllaBHH5Hb Ku pa Ob
rnaBHH51Tb I<O!Ja6b e Ci"i'\W,O
3aCBOneHb,
o6aye
He :Cb
a Yp-fi3b enHa KOM6HHaU,H51 Ha T03H nOCll-fiAHH51 Cb eni1Hb

HapeYeHH51 MOHaCTHpCt<H CBOAb (o6p.
21
H Ta6n .
XII).
Bl1Ab
06Ht<HOBeHb
KpbCTaTb
U,HJlHHApHYeHb
CBOAb,
TpH ront.MH apt<H, cno>+<eHH
HMeHHO
Bbpxy
CBOAb,
Cb
TaKa
t<paHHHrl H
cpsnHHrl nHnaCTpH, Cb panHanH:J noCTaBeHH TyxnH, ce 51B51BaTb KaTo no51 CH OTb enHHb HeH3nbnHeHb
06p. 16. -
IOr o 3 ananHH~Tb
nonKynoneHb nHnacrbpb.
u,HllHHAPHY~Hb csonb. Ts 33Taapi!Tb n'3t. K3anpaTHH npoCTpaHCTBa,
arSKO
OTb
KOHTO
no oTn-finHo npH61lH3HTellHO 110 Ci"i'\W,H51 . HaYHHb, KaKTO Hanpt.YHHstTb t<Opa6b (rn . cTp .
Ce
CbCTOH
Bb
TOBa,
Henocpt.ncTaeHo Bbpxy
Ye
TYI<b
CTi:.HHTt.
AB-fiT-fi
Ha
CTpaHH
t<opa6a -
Ha
CBOna,
ci;aepHaTa
cnt.nosaTenHo
Bbpxy
26
IOH<HaTa,
3acsoneHo
cn.) . Pa3JlHKaTa
KaTO
xopH30HTanHa
nOYHBaTb
nnocKOCTb -
30
CerawHoro CbCTOSlHHe Ha UbpKsara
en<.. 3ano4Han1 eb paAYlanHo noCTaBeHYI TyxnYI, KaKTO npY1 eAYIHb u,YlnYIHApY14eHb eBOAb.
4aTb o6a4e OTb ApyrYITi:. ABi:. CTpaHYI Ha eBOAa,
KOYITO
n04V1BaTb
Tt
ee npt.eY1-
Bbpxy apKY1Ti:. 11 Ai:.TO Tyxmnt.
en<.. noeTaBeHYI Bb HanpasneHYle nepneHAYIKyn~pHo Ha nbpBY1Tt., Ta no T03H Ha4V1Hb no AYlaroHanHrt

Ha eBOAa ee o6pa3yBaTb BAn;y;_6HaTH Haropt. p;y;_6ose (o6p.
06p. 17. -
22).
Ctsepo -3ananHH51Tb nonKynoneHb nHnacrbpb.
CBOAbTb Ha MHoro Mt.eTa e AOeTa pa3KbpTeHb. 3a Aa ee noAnbnHS!Tb o6pa3yBaHHrt Bb Hero

BMn<..6HaTYIHH H 3a Aa ee nony4H naKb rnaAKa nospbXHOeTb, Bb TypeKO spt.Me pa3KbpTeHYlrE Mi:.CTa
en<.. 6YlnH nOKpYITYI eb 4eTBbpTHTH TyXnH, 1) npYIKOBaHH eb WVlpOKaTa eYI CTpaHa Bbpxy nnoeKOeTbTa
1) Tyxn HTt. HMaTb pa3Mt.pH 26X 27 CM., ne6enHHa 3 5 CM.
31
TypcKa o6nHuoeKa Ha ceonoeerl;
Ha
cso.n.a
nocp-t.n.cTBOMb
ron-tMH
>~<en"t3HH
nHpOHH.
Ta3H
TBbp.n.-t
HHTepecHa
TexHHKa,
K051TO
nopaAH conHAHOCTbTa H rpH>I<nHBOCTbTa CH Tp-t6sa )l.a ce npHnHwe ow,e Ha nbpBH51 TypcKH crpOHTeneHb nepHOAb, MO>I<e Hai1-Ao6p-t Aa ce Ha6nJO)l.aBa Bbpxy na)l.HanoTo Bb np-BMsepHeTO
cso.n.a. TyKb 51CHO nH4H, 4e Cb TyxneHHT-t nno4KH
06p. 18. -
He e
6Hna
o6n"t4eHa
TypcKHTt, KymoeH npHcnoco6neHH5l
Bb
CBO)l.a, HO CaMO pa3KbpTt;!HHT-t M-tCTa 3a nOJ,nbnBaHe HapaBHO Cb
u-tnan
21.
nospbXHOCTb Ha
ubpKeara.
3ApaBHT-t
MY
T"t3H nn04KH C.:K ynoTpt6eHH He CaMO npH KpbCTaTHTb CBO!J,OBe, HO C.:KWO H npH
n051CH Ha rnaBHI151 KOpa6b, KaKTO Ce BH>I<IJ,a 11 Bb 06p.
nap4e OTb
4aCTH.
npH TOBa
L.J,HnHHIJ.p114eCK11T"t
32
(era W HOTO CbCTOSI H He Ha Ub pKBaTa
BbHWHara csi>T11HHa npOHHKBa Hanpaso Bb u,eHrpa11HHSI Kopa6b nocpi>ACTBOMb ,D,Ba'-ta,D,ecerbry

Ma11KH npo3opeu,a, nocraseHH n0 4TH AO cso,D,a (rn. o6p.
11
1-1
21 ),
no wecrb Ha sci>Ka OTb ,D,bnrHri> cri>HH.
Bb nO-KbCHO spi>Me ABi>ri> KpaHHH np030p4eTa OTb sci>Ka crpaHa C-"' 61-1111-1 3a3H,D,aHH, a ocraHa11HrE
OCeMb CJi>;. 61-1111-1 3Ha4HTe11HO HaMa11eHH
1-1 CHa6,D,eHH Cb 3aOCTpeHH CBO,D,OBe. nbpBOHa4a11HaTa
cpOpMa
1-1 ro11i>MHHa Ha np030p4eTaTa, Cb Kp-"'rnH CBO,D,OBe, JlH4aTb o6aye f13BJi>;.Tpi> MHOrO nO-,D,06pi>, OTK011KOTO OTBbHb. Ti> CJi>;. 61-1111-1 nbpBOHa4a11HO
06p.
19. -
2'50
M. BHCOKH f1
3ananHaTa HHWa Bb IO<HOTO
150
OTn"\;JieHHe H a
M. WHpOKH .
Hanp "\;Y HHSI 1<0 pa6 b.
no CrEHHTi> Ha u,eHTpa11HHSI KOpa6b CJi>;. 3ana3eHH OT4aCTH TpH

Bb HHKOSI OTb ri>xb He ce HaMHparb C11i>AH OTb cppeCKH;
noHe>t<e
Ma3H11Kf1
1-1
e,D,Ha
Bbpxy Apyra .
B-"'Tpi>wHHTi>
cri>HH,
KaKTO
BeYe KOHCTaTHpaxMe Ha Hi>K011KO Mi>CTa, C-"' 61-1111-1 nO,D,KbpneHH Bb ,D,OCTa r011i>Ma CTeneHb Bb rypcKO
Bpi>Me Cb TbHbKb rpa,D,e>t<b-0611HU,OBKa, TO MO>t<e Cb r011i>Ma si>pOS!THOCTb ,D,a ce npHeMe, 4e f1 TpHTi>
Ma3H11KH CJi>;. rypCKH . Tosa Hi>UJ,O Ce nOTBbp,D,S!Ba 1-1
KHTi> He Cllf13a nO-,D,b1160KO OTb
KOSITO Ce HaMHpa nO-HHCKO , e
HHBOTO
Ha
OTb 06CTOS!Te11CTBOTO, Ye HHTO e,D,Ha
rypCKHSI
nO,D,b,
TbH
Ye
Ta3H
OCTC.Ha11a 6e3b HHKaKBa Ma3HJ1Ka. 1-'bBi>CTHO
YaCTb
OTb
CbMHi>HHe
OTb
Ma3H11-
nH11aCTpHTi>,
61-1
MOrnO
,D,a
HMa CaMO npH HaH-,[1,011HSITa Ma3f111Ka, HanpaseHa OTb sapb f1 ni>CbKb, CMi>CeHH Cb CYyKaHH CbBCi>Mb
Ha Ape6Ho KepaMHAH 1-1111-1 ryx111-1, nopa,D,H r.:oero
TSI
H3r11e>t<,D,a
Cbsci>Mb
YepseHa.
Bb3MO>t<HO
Cb
33
Hannb)f{H HTE Kopa6H
He~ ,D,a e 61-1na H3Ma3aHa nbpBoHaYanHo utnaTa UbpKBa 1-1 nocnt Bbpxy He~ BeYe ,D,a c~
raHH BCHYKH nO-KbCHH Ma3HnKH. 0cBtHb TOBa T~ e H He06HKHOBeHO
TBbp,D,a,
Cb
6HnH cna-
I<OeTO neCHO Ce
o6~cH~Ba He?iHaTa H3,D,bp>HnHBOCTb ,D,a>He H Torasa, I<Or-aTo APYrb no-ropeHb nnacTb e 611sanb CbBbp-
weHo OI<bpTBaHb. Ha scti<H cnyYa?i 11 Ta3H Ma3Hni<a
He
cnH3a
no-,D,ont
OTb
Typci<H~
no,D,b
Ha
Ubpi<BaTa.
06p. 20. -
Yl3TOYHaTa HHWa Db CSEepHOTO OTUtJleHHe Ha Hanpt4H"'SI 1<0pa61.
0Tb )J,BaTa CTpaHHYHH KOpa6a CaMO ntBH~Tb, I<Oiho He e npfinpaB51Hb Bb HaH-HOBO Bptl'Te,
HH ,D,asa Bb3MO>HHOCTb 3a no-no,D,po6Ho H3cnt,D,BaHe (o6p. 23). UtnaTa Herosa ctsepHa CTtHa 11 OTB~Tpt HOCH YHCTO TypC!<I-1 xapaKTepb I<aKTO H OTBbHb (rn. CTp.
Cs. CoH
12), Cb Ta3H CaMO pa3nHI<a, Ye rpa5
34
CerawHoTo CbCTOSIHHe Ha Ubpt<Bara
AeH<bTb OTBi'KTp-b e MHOro no-conHAeHb, HanpaseHb Bb no-roni>Mara CH YaCTb OTb KaMbHH, nocraseHH
MeH<AY Ye-:-HpH ryxnH.
Cri>Hara, I<051TO no rpaAeHACTBOMb AeBeTb CbBCi:.Mb cna6o H3ni'KI<HanH H 3aOCTpeHH

cn-BnH ap1<11 (o6p. 4).
CrpaHH'-IHH51Tb Kopa6b e
Oi\~O
3aCBOAeHb H CBOAOBert, MY Ci'K CHrypHo crapH -
Hai1-Ao6pt, nol<a3sa, ye c-BsepHara My cri>Ha He

CHcTeMara Ha 3aCBOA51BaHero e
c;;r;~ara
06p. 21. -
Hi>~o,
I<Oero
e 611na HHKora CbBCi>Mb pa3pyweHa (rn. crp.
12).
KaKTO 11p11 rnaBHH51 Kopa6b, Cb ra3H caMo pa3nHKa, Ye ryiCTO TpH, '-!eTHpH LI,HflHHApH'-IeCI<H n051Ca Cb
paAHanHO nOCTaBeHH ryxnH, CflOH<eHH Bbpxy
nHnacrpHTi> npi>3b eAHHb. no T03H Ha'-!HHb ce o6pa3yBaTb TPH YeTBbpTHTH npocrpaHCTBa, 3aCBOAeHH
no Ci'K~I-151 H<l'-IHHb Cb !<pbCTaTH CBOAOBe
Kai<TO
npH rnaBHH51
1<0pa6b.
no CBOAOBerl TYI3BaTb HHI<ai<BH Cni>AH OTb o6nHLI,OBI<a Cb ryxneHH nnO'-!KH.

lnaBHH51Tb 1<0pa6b Ce OTBap51
nJKI<HanH
pa6b
nonynHnacTpH,
(rn. 06p.
12),
I<OHTO Ce
l<bMb npi>MBepHeTO Bb
HaMHpaTb
Ha rpaHHLI,aTa
u.i>nara
CH
WHpO'-IHHa. ,lJ,saTa H3-
MeH<AY npi>MBepHeTO
Ci'K CTapH CaMO Bb AOnHHTi> CH nonOBHHH.
H rnaBHI-151 I<O-
lOpHHTE HMb nOnOBHHH, I<OHTO CTH-
faTb AO eAHa H C.>i'\~a BHCO'-IHHa H 3aBbpWBaTb orropt, Cb pasHa
nnOCI<OCTb -
cni>AOBarenHO Ti>
35
n pl;nnsep11eTO
HHI<Ofa He C.l'i'.
611n11 113)J,HraHH nO-BHCOKO
C.l'i'.
npaBeHH
OTnOcn-J5 TBbp)J,i; rpH>+<nHBO 1-1, Cnope)J,b
MaTepHana, w.e Tp"t6sa Aa ce npHnHwaTb Ha nbpBHSI rypcKH nepHO)J,b. Bb Hali-ropHHT-E 11Mb '-!aCTH
ce 3a6-En-E3BaTb, sp-E3aHH Bb Ma3HnKaTa, ManKH TypcKH po3eTKH.
HapeAb Cb
nonynHnacTpHT-E,
no
cp-EAaTa
Me>HAy
np-EAAsepHeTo 1-1 rnaBHHSI Kopa6b, ce

24). 1) Ti; ce HaMHpaTb ow,e Bb nbp-
HaMHpaTb AB-E npocTH 6a3H Ha KOnOHH OTh sapOBHHKb (rn. o6p.
soHa'-!anHOTO Cl-1 M-ECTonono>HeHHe 1-1 C.l'i'. nOCTaBeHH Bbpxy rpy611, HO MHOfO SIKH <j:JyH)J,aMeHTI-1 OTb KaMbHI-1' H TYXnl-1. noHe>He 6a3HT-E no Tat<bBb Ha'-111Hb ne>HaTb Ha HHBOTO Ha TypCKHSI nO)J,b,
42 CM. no-
BHCOKO OTb nbpBOHaYanHHSI nO)J,b Ha L.l,bpKBaTa, TO H-EMa HHKaKBO CbMH-EHHe, Ye Ti; np11Ha)J,ne>HaTb
KbMb TypcKaTa
AbpBeTa
o6p.
noCTpoliKa. Tp11 rypcKI1
Cb CbBC-EMb
poxKaBb xopocaHb,
cT-EHI1,
rpaAeHH cna6o 11 He6p-E>HHO OTb t<aMbHH,
KOHTO ce onHpaTb AO 6a3HT-E
(rn.
ryxn11
nnaHa Ha Ta6n.
11
IX 11
24), noKa3BaTb, Ye np-E3b BTOpHSI TypcKH CTpOHTeneHb nepHOAb :YtHAa
KHSITb
'-!eTBbpTHTb
74 CM , )J,bnbfb
M.),
I<OHTO
3ana)J,HHSI
pa6b,
(rn.
)J,a
1-1 WHpOKb
ce HaM11pa
.l'i'.fbnb
IX).
1-1
CTbn6b
Ha
np-Enb KbCHaTa
Ta6n.
6.1'i'.Ae
Man-
(BHCOKb
085X1Q3
Bb
dsepo-
rnaBHHSI
t<O-
rypct<a crlHa
Toli e rpaAeHb TBbp-
A-E cna6o OTh TyxnH 11 xopocaHb 6e3b

t<epaMHAI1, cno>HeHb e Hanpaso Bbpxy
HaCI1na 11 11Ma
Bb
npaB11nHa AynKa.
noAo6eHb
cpi;;)J,aTa
Cn-EAH
Cl-1
He-
OTh BTOp11
CThn6b, pa3nono>HeHb CI1-
MeTp11YHO Cb nbpB11SI, Ce HaM-EpHXa

11
Ha
cp-Ew,HaTa
3ana)J,HI1SI
pa6b.
.l'i'.fbnb
CTpaHa,
Ha
np11
rnaBHI1SI
npi;)J,Ha3Ha'-!eHI1eTO
Ha
tOrot<Orl311
ABa CTbn6a OCTasa HeSICHO. Ha sc-Et<11

cny'-!aH
T-E He npHHa)J,ne>HaTb KbMb
nbpBOHaYanHaTa nOCTpOHKa
Ha
L.l,bp-
06p. 22. -
KoHcrpyKUI1SI Ha csonoser-t Bb rnaBHI151 Kopa6b.
KBaTa.
Bbpxy caMOTO np-EAAsep11e oCTasa Aa ce t<a>He TBbpA-E ManKo. IO>HHaTa MY YaCTb e 3aCTpoeHa
cera L.J,i;na OTb MOAepHaTa L.1,bpt<BI1L.J,a. no)J,b Ta311 YaCTb ce HaM11pa )J,OCTa 06W11pHO nO)J,3eMI1e, )J,bnro
2 80, W11pOKO 235
1-1 BHCOKO
1'90 M., 3aCBO)J,eHO C.l'i'.W,O Cb t<pbCTaTb (MOHaCT11pCK11) CBO)J,b, Bb t<OeTO Ce
BnH3a no W11pOKa, HO He0611KHOBeHO CTpbMHa 2) CTbn6a OTb cpi;)J,HeTO OTA-EneHI1e Ha np-EAABep11eTO

(rn Ta6n.IX np11
B).
Tosa no)J,3eMI1e np11 pa3t<OnK11T-E ce yKa3a nbnHo no'-!TI1 AOropi; Cb npbCTb, Bb t<OSITO
ce HaM-Ep11 eAHa YawKa 3a Ka<j:Je Cb cs-ETnoKa<j:JSIBb us-ETh, yKpaceHa Cb 3naTHH 11 cpe6bpHH ("sapaKnm1u) OpHaMeHTI-1 11 Cb TYPCK11 Ha)J,ni1Cb. no)J,3eMI1eTO cn-EAOBaTenHO Tp-E6sa )J,a e 611nO 113B-ECTHO 11
Bb TypcKo sp-EMe.'1) Bb ctsepHaTa '-!aCTb Ha np-EAAsepHeTo, cp-Ew.y n-Es11S1 CTpaHI1YeHb t<Opa6b, no1) .ils-tr-t 6a311 He elf- CbBC"tMb enHaKBI1. IO}!{Hara
e HanpaBeHa OTb YepBeHI1KaBb BapOBHI1Kb Cb pa3M"tp11
Ha YeTBbpT11TaTa nnoYa 54X56 CM. CaMara KOJJOHa e 11Mana,nl1aMeTbpb 42 eM. C-tsepHara 6a3a e OTb C11HKaBoCI1Bb BapOBH11Kb Cb pa3M"tp11 48X48 CM. HeiiHaTa KOJIOHa e 11MaJJa U11aMeTbpb 37 CM.
2) Crlf-nanara, OTb KOI1TO JJI1YaTb no6p-t caMo YeT11p11, Clf- BI1COKI1 np116JJI1311TeJJHO no 35 CM., a W11p0KI1
caMo no 15-20 CM . .ilHeCb r-t seye He elf- 3ana3eHI1 Bb
u-tnara c11 UbJJ}i{I1Ha.
:l) npaBI1 BneYaTJJeH11e, Ye TYXJJ11T"t, OTb KOI1TO e

rpaneHo rosa non3eMI1e, He ce cxo}i{narb Cb r"t311 Ha
UbpKBaTa. nbpB11r"t Clf- nOMaJJKI1 .(crpaHa 28:-32 CM.) 11
rnaBHO MHoro no-TbHKI1 (25-3 CM.). XopocaHbTb e np11M-tceHb Cb YyKaH11 KepaM11U11 11 e CJJaraHb Bb MHOfO ne6eJJI1 nnacmse (3-5 eM.). Cnopenb rosa 113rne}!{na, Ye
non3eMI1eTo He e 611no rpaneHo 3aenHo Cb UbpKsara, a
s-tpoSITHO ornocn-t. f\Ko na He 6-twe W11pOKI1SITb MY
BXOUb, KOHTO 3aeMa U"tJJaTa My W11p0411Ha (235 M.), 611
Morno na ce MI1CJJI1 11 3a H"tKOSI no-crapa rpo6H11ua.
5*
36
CerawHoro CbCTO~III e Ha UbpKsara
,ll.06Ho nO,ll.3eMHe He Ci't-w,ecrsysa. TyKb 3acny}!{asa caMo ,c,a ce or6t.nt.}!{H, Ye OTb ,ll.Bi:.rt. crpaHH Ha
BparaTa, KO~TO e BO,ll.i:.na Bb Ci:.BepHOTO CT?JHHYHO OT,ll.EneHHe Ha npi:.,ll.,ll.BepHeTO 1-1 KO~TO Bb rypCKO
spi:.:vte e 61-1na 3.:13>-J,ll.aHa (rn. crp. 19), Ci't- H3,!1.:.1rHJT<J ,ll.TB crt.HH (rn. ra6n. IX np1-1 C) Ha BHCOYHHa
OI<ono 2 M., rpa,ll.eHH caMo OTb ryx.11-1. Hanpa3.1eH1-1ero Ha ,ll.3ara Hal'i-ropHH pe,ll.a ryxn1-1 noKa3Ba ~CHO,
06p.
23. -
nsBI-iS!Tb CTpaHI-1YeHb KOpaSb H:J UcpKBaTa, rnenaHb OTb 113T0Kb.
t.Je Bbpxy ri:.3H crt.HH e ne}!{ana e,ll.Ha apKa.
Ut.nara ra3H nocrpol'iKa,
KaKTO ce BH}!{,ll.a OTb MaTe-
pHana, e rypcKa. T~ npHnHYa TBbp,ll.i:. MHoro Ha YewMa, KaKBaro w,e ,ll.a e 11 61-1na Bb C..W,HOCTb.
Crapara roni:.Ma u.eHrpanHa spara, KO~ro e BO,ll.i:.na OTBbHb Bb U.bpKBaTa, 3ae,ll.HO Cb Cbci:.,ll.HHTi:. HeH np030p,UH, flHYaTb MHOro ,ll.06pt. OTB..rpt. Ha 3ana,ll.Hara Cri:.Ha Ha npi:.,ll.,ll.BepHeTO (o6p. 24).
~!
' II
.~
37
npt.ll.llBepHeTO
Bbpxy ap1<1-1rl Ha sparara H npo3opu,Hrl ce pa3n03Hasarb en-BAH OTb pa31<bpreHH CBOAOBe, I<OHTO
nol<a3BaTb, 4e np-BAAsepHero e 6~-tno nbpsoHaYaJlHO Ha ABa eraH<a. HaAb r-Bxb ce Ja6-Bn-B3BaTb H-B1<0111<0
ron-BMH AynKH, Bb I<OHTO CN. 6~-tnH nocraseHH Ae6enH AbpBeHH rpeAH 3a
BTO;:>HSI
eraH<b Ha
rypc!<aTa nOCTpOHI<a, l<bMb I<OSITO CN. npHHaAJleH<aJlH H l<aMeHHHrl 1<0110HH, '-IHHTO 6:1311 CN. 3ana3eHH
I
,I
06p. 24. -
UeHrpanHaTa YaCTb Ha npt.ll.llsepHero .
(m. crp. 35). Ta3H npoM-BHa e Moma Aa craHe eABa cn-BAb
<.b'5apS1Hero Ha crapHr-B rpaAeHH cso-
AOBe. KaMeHHHrl I<OJlOHH npHHaAJleH<aTb Ha sc-B!<H cnyYaH Ha nbpBHSI rypcKH CTpOIHeneHb nepHOAb
H nocn-B seye He eN. 6HnH Bb306HoseHH. Tosa ce BI-1H<Aa OTb o6croSirencrsoro, Ye npH pa3l<Oni<Hrl,
OCB-BHb 6a3Hrl, He Ce HaM-BpHXa HHI<ci<BH ppyrH '-laCTH OTb P.OJlOHHrl -
Hi;W,O, I<OeTO SICHO nol<a3Ba,
38
CerawHoTo CbCTOSIHHe Ha UbpKBaTa

====~~ -- ---
4e Ti;JH nocnl;.o,HHn c~ 6HnH OTCTpaHeHH npi;.o,H ow,e u,bpKsaTa .o,a npi;TbpnH nocni;.o,HHn CH c~
w,ecTBeHH npoMi;HH npi;3b BTOpHS1 TypcKH cTpOHTeneHb nepHOAb.
Cso.o,bTb Ha ropHHS1 eTa>t+<H Ha 3eMS1Ta (rn. o6p. 12 H 24). Ta3H 4aCTb OTb cso.o,a, KOS1TO H cera ow,e e JanaJeHa, e npaseHa, KaKTO ce
BH>+<Aa OTb MaTepHana, e.o,sa Bb TypcKo spi;Me .
.I
i'
06p. 25. -
Cs. Cotj>HSI Bb ConyHb, on, Jana.ub.
rnABA II
nbpBOHaYanHH~Tb BHilb Ha UbpKBaTa
1.
OnHTb 3a peKOHCTPYKUI-151
3a Aa Bb3CTaHOBHMb u,bpKBaTa Cs.

6HJla HaH-Hanpi;)J,b noCTpOeHa,
KOYITO
He06XO)J,YIMO
npOY13XO>t<)J,aTb OTb nO-KbCHO
Bpi:.Me
CocjmSI
e
Y1
Bb
npi:.AYI
KOI'ITO
no-rapt.. KbMb Ti:.Xb cna)J,aTb He caMo TypcKHrE

CTpOHTeneHb nepHOAb, KOHTO, KaKTO BI'IAi:.xMe,
BCI'IYKO
HHe
)J,a
BHAb
OTCTpaHY!Mb
Y!MaXMe
npt.npaBKH,
He
11
nbpBOHaYallHHSI
CllyYaH
TaKa
TaKa,
BCYIYKYI
)J,a
C.'i'\W.O
11
OHHSI
Ta6n.
XI-XIV.
noAp06HOCTYirE Yl
11
SICHOCTbTa,
Bb
Cb
peCTaspau,HHrl
KOYITO
C.'i'\
Ha
o6CTOHHO
OnHCaHHe
Y1
nOCOYBaHeTO
LI,J.i.IHi:.. Tt.3H nocnt.AHHTE HaMHpaTb
csoeTo
Ha U,bpKBaTa Bb BCYIYKYI OHYISI CllyYaYI -
Ha
YaCTI'I,
nOAp06HO
OTb
Y!MeHHO
u,bpKBaTa,
Y13pa6oTeHYI
KOM6HHHpaHI'I Cb cj>oTOrpacj>HHrl OTb ceraWHI'ISI BHAb Ha u,bpKsaTa (Ta6n.

e)J,HO
TSI
BTOpHSI
e H3Mi:.HH!lb cj>opMaTa Ha npo3opu,11rl. Ha BTopo
Mi:.CTO Tpi:.6sa )J,a peKOHCTpyHpaMe Cb6opeHYirE CbBCi:.Mb YaCTI'I Ha Ll,bpKBaTa, a
X)
OHYISI
noCOYYIMb
)J,Bi:.Tt. OT)J,i:.JleHHSI OTCTpaHH Ha npi:.)l,IJ,BepHeTO. Pe3y!lTamTt. OTb T031'1 )J,BOeHb npou,eCb

BeHH Bb nbpBOHaYa!lHHSI nnaHb (Ta6n.
KaKTO
Cb06pa>t<eHYISITa
onpas)J,aHHe
3a
a Ti:. C.'i'\ 60JlWYIHCTBOTO -
nnaHOBe Yl
II-VII),
Bci:.Ka
)J,i:.TO
Bb
npi:.ACTa-
Bb3npoH3BeAeHH
Ti:.3H
Henocpt.ACTBeHo
anCH)J,aTa Yl
C.'i'\
npaBSITb
YaCTb
SICHO
pa3pi:.3H,
H3llHWHO
OTb pecTaBpa-
cerawHOTO
OW,e
Ha
CbCTOSIHHe
CJi'\ . 3ana3eHH
40
nbpBOHa'-la11HI-1TB cpopMI-1 1-1 pa3M"tp1-1. no Ta31-1 np!-1'-ll-iHa w,e ce cnpeMb HaKpan<O
CaMO Bbpxy
OHI-151
TO'-lKI-1, .a.-tTO 1-iMaMe C-""WeCTBeHO OTK110HeHI-1e OTb CeraWHOTO n0110meH!-1e 1-1111-1 ,[1,-tTO TOBa nOC11"t,[l,HeTO
He Hl-1 .a.asa Henocp-t.a.cTBeHo np-t.a.cTas11eH!-1e 3a nbpBOHa'-la11HI-151 BI-1Ab Ha UbpKBaTa.
2).
LJJ.e 3anolJHeMb naKb Haii-Hanp-tAb Cb anc1-1.a.aTa (Ta611. Xl1-1 XIII

Be'-le s:-~o, B'<M ~ (cTp.
Hei1HI-151Tb n11aHb, KaKTO
11), e HanbllHO 3ana3eHb, o6a'-le 111-1ncsa Hl-1 u-tnaTa ropH51 noCTpoiiKa. 4e Ta3!-1
noc11-EAH51Ta e 1-1Ma11a .a.sa pe.a.a ro11-EM1-1 npo3opu1-1, noHe Bb 3ana.a.HaTa Cl-1 '-laCTb,
ce
n0110}!{1-1Te11HOCTb OTb 3ana3eHI-1T-t '-laCTI-1 no I-13TOlJHaTa CTIHa, Bbpxy
Ha
nl-111aCTp1-1T-t
ycTaHOB51Ba
Cb
Tp1-1yMcpa11HaTa
apKa (r11. Ta611. IV 1-1 V). 3a npo3opu1-1rl Ha I-13TO'-lHaTa '-laCTb 11111-1 C-""W.1-1HCKaTa nonyKp-""r11a anc1-1.a.a,
K051TO OTBbHb l-iMa Tpi-iCTpaHHa cpOpMa, H-tMaMe Hi-iKaKBI-1 yKa3aHI-151.
nO KaKbBb Ha'-li-1Hb C-"" 611111-1 TpeTi-ipaHI-1 BCI-1'-lKI-1 Apyrl-1 CT"EHI-1 Ha
Ho KaTO B3eMeMb np-tAb Bl-i,[l,b,
UbpKBaTa,
A"ETO CTapaTeJJHO
Ce
1136-trBaJJa BC-tKa roJJ-tMa Henp-tK-""CHaTa nJJOCKOCTb, He MOme ,[l,a l-iMa HI-1KaKBO CbMH"EHYie, '-le 1-1 Ta31-1
~
'-laCTb e 61-1na cHa6.a.eHa Cb .a.sa pe.a.a np030pU1-1, KaKTO e noKa3aHo Bb pecTaspaUI-151Ta Ha Ta611. XIII
(;y;.w,o Y1 OTb CTpaHI-1'-lHHT-t OT,!l,"t11eHI-151 Ha c-tsepb Yl Ha IOfb OTb np-tll,[l,Bepi-ieTO He
3eHO HI-1W.O .a.pyro, ocs-tHb ocHOBHrl.
C1-1rypHo
e o6a'-le,
'-le
rB31-1
spaTa, ocs-tHb Ta31-1, K051TO BOAI-1 Bb rlxb OTKbMb np-tMBepi-ieTo.

HMaJJI-1
Hai1-MaJJKO
no
e.a.HHb
ron-EMb
oT.a.-tneHI-151
Ha
2.
3ana-
He c;y;. HMaJJI-1 .a.pyra
BbHWHaTa
Cl-1
CT-tHa
npo3opeub, HaAb KOHTO ce e HaM1-1pa11o Mome 611
MaJJKO KP-""f110 npo30p'-le, KaKBI-iTO HaMi-ipaMe Ha I-13TO'-lHaTa 1-1 3ana.a.HaTa CT-tHI-1 Ha

'-li-1HaTa Ha rl3H OTA-E11eHH51 (oKono
rl
c;y;.
no e.a.Ho
UbpKBaTa. Bl-1co-
M.) e c;y;.w,o yCTaHoBeHa, 611aro.a.apeH1-1e H~ o6cT051TeJJCTBOTO, '-le
Ha c-tsepHaTa CT-tHa ce 3a6-tn-t3sa 1-1 cera ow,e P-""6bTb, OTb KOHTO e 3ano'-lsanb CBOAbTb Ha CbOTs-tTHOTO cTpaHH'-lHO OTA"t11eHHe (rn. Ta6n . VI).
HaAJlb}!{HHT-t CTIHI-1 Ha UbPKBaTa (Ta611. XI) .a.o61-1saTb no OTHoweH!-1e
51HI-1e CbBC-tMb .a.pyrb
l-13r11e,!l,b.
Cnope.a.b TypcKHT-t np-tnpaBKI-1
Ha UbpKBaTa,
Ha
cerawHOTO CbCT0-
Bb
BbHWHi-iT-E crlHI-1
Ha CTpaHI-1'-lHHT-t 1<opa611 C-"" ocTaBeHI-1 caMo no .a.sa Ma11KI-1 '-leTBbpTi-iTI-1 npo3opu1-1. Bb pecTaspaUI-151Ta
C-"" noKa3aHI-1 Ha T"t31-1 CT"EHI-1 no neTb r011"tMY1 CBO,!l,eCTI-1 np030pUY1, Bc-tKI-1 e,[l,I-1Hb OTb 1<01-iTO CbOTB-tTCTByBa Ha no
e,[l,I-1Hb
OTb
npOXO,[l,HT-t
Mem.a.y
n!-111aCTpY1TI , OT,[l,l>Jl51W,I-1 f11aBHI-151
KOpa6b OTb
CTpa-
HI-1'-lHHT-t. Tosa H-tw,o He no'-li-1Ba Ha H-EKaKBO np-t.a.nonomeH!-1e, a ce ycTaHOB51Ba Cb no11om!-1TeJJHI-1 cpaKTI-1.

Ha IOmHaTa crlHa Ha Mo.a.epHaTa UbpKBI-1Ua (rn . o6p.
paTb .a.sa npo3opeua,
OTrosap51Tb
Ta611. XI.
Ha C-""Ll.I,OTO
KOHTO no cpopMa 1-1 ron-tMHHa

TOBa M-tCTO ,
1-1Ma 11t06e3HOCTbTa .a.a MY! o651CHI-1,
1-1 Ta611.
KaKTO apX1-1TeKTbTb Ha
c;y;.
ce HaMHpanl-1 .a.sa
11),
Bb n-tso OTb spaTaTa, ce HaMI-1-
HanbJJHO
Mo.a.epHaTa
'-leTBbpTi-iTI-1
Ha
peCTaBp1-1paHI-1T-t Ha
r. H. na3apOBb,
UbpKBI-1Ua,
TypcKH
npo30pU1-1,
Bl-im,[l,aTb 51CHO Bb e.a.Ha no-CTapa cpoTOrpacpH51 (Ta611. Ill). T"t31-1 TypcKI-1 npo3opu1-1 61-1111-1
KOI-1TO
ce
npo.a.bnmeHI-1
Harop-t, KaTO 6HJJa 0'-ll-iCTeHa TypcKaTa 31-1,!l,apY151, ,!l,O,[l,-tTO Ce CTI-1fHa110 ,[1,0 CTap!-1T-t apKI-1 Ha nbpBOHalJa11HI-1TI npo3opu1-1, 3ana3eHH no T031-1 Ha'-l!-1Hb Bb TypcKaTa CT-tHa (cp. 1-1 CTp.
13).
Cn-t.a.osaTeJJHO ABaTa Bb-
npOCHI-1 np030pU1-1 Bb IO}!{HaHl CTIHa Ha MO,!l,epHaTa UbpKBI-1Ua 0TfOBap51Tb HanbJJHO Ha nbpBOHa'-la11HI-1T-t

npo3opu1-1 Ha UbiJKBaTa Cs. CocpH51. Ha M-tcTOTO Ha .a.pym .a.sa
OTb T"E31-1
c;y;. ,[l,OWJll1 BpaTaTa 11 MallKOTO np030p'-le Bb ,[],eCHO OTb He51, K011TO cera
tOmHa crlHa Ha Mo.a.epHaTa
UbpKB11Ua .
nbpBoHa'-la11HI1
Ce HaM11paTb
npo3opu11
Ha
c;y;.w,aTa
Haii-nocn-t apKaTa Ha neTI151 npo3opeub 111-1'-ll1 .a.o6p-t 11 cera
OW,e Ha B-""Tp-twHaTa CTpaHa Ha c;y;.w,aTa CTIHa, MaKapb '-le Ha HerOBO M-tCTO He e OCTaBeHb HI1KaKbBb OTBOpb Bb CT-tHaTa. (;y;.w,OTO H-tw,o 611 Ce
KOHCTaT11paJJO
6e3b
CbMH"tHI1e
1-1
Bb
c-tsepHaTa
crlHa Ha UbpKBaTa Cs . Cocp!-151, aKo T51 61-1 ce O'-li1CTI111a OTb no-KbCHI1T-t TYPCKI1 np-tnpas1<11 1-1 o6JJI1UOBKI1. Ho 1-1 6e3b TOBa BCe naKb e,[l,Ha OTb CTapi-irl apKI-1 Ha
nbpBOHalJa11H11T"t
np030pU11 1111'-ll-1
Ha c-tsepHaTa CT-tHa Ha e,[l,HO M-tCTO, ,[1,-tTO TypcKaTa 31-1,!l,ap1151 e 3Ha'-l!-1TeflHO pa3pyweHa (rJJ. CTp.
11
12).
0THOCI1Te11HO ropH1151 pe.a.b npo3opu11 Ha Ha,[l,Jlb}!{H11rl CTpaHI1 11Ma .a.a ce 3a6-t11-tm11, '-le T-txHaTa cpopMa 11 pa3M"tp11 1111'-laTb MHOfO ,!J,06p1; KaKTO Ha BbHWHaTa, TaKa 11 Ha B-""Tp"EWHaTa
Ha crlH11rl, TbH '-le no T-txHaTa peCTaspaU1151 cnopb He MOme .a.a 11Ma. ()i'.W,OTO
3ana.a.HaTa cT-tHa (cpaca.a.aTa) Ha UbpKBaTa (Ta6n. XIII
1),
H-tw,o
sam11
CTpaHa
11
3a
pecTaBp11paHa Bb3b OCHOBa Ha 3ana3eHaTa
H IO}!{Ha n0110BI1Ha, Bb K051TO 51CHO Ce pa3n03HaBaTb BCI1'-lKI1 CTap11 BpaTI1 11 np030pU11, 1<01-iTO nOKbCHO
C-"" 6111111 OT'-laCTI1 3anyweHI1 (rn. CTp.
21).
41
BbHWHJ-nt crtHH
np~1 pecraspali,Y15lTa Ha cpaca,D,aTa ce n05lBY1 Bl..npOCbTb, .o,anH nbpBOHalJaJlHO npt,D,b He5l
He
e ce HaM11pana ow,e HtK05l no-HHCI<a npMcrpoi1Ka, 3aMtHeHa nO-I<bCHO Cb AbpBeHara ry;::-c1<a crptxa
(rn. crp. 22), 11n1-1 Cb .o,pyrH AYMH, .o,anH CJKW,HHCKara cpaca.o,a Ha crapara Ll,bpKsa He e ce HaMHpana
nci Ha 3ana.o, b OTb cera wHara, Karo e ocras5lna Mtcro 3a ow,e e.o,Ho sropo npt.o,a.3epHe. 3a y51cHeHHe
Ha TOl1 Bbnp:JCb ce npt.o,npHexa pa3KOni<H H npl:..o,b cpaca.o,ara
Ha
Ll,bpKsara,
13b
pe3ynrarb OTb
KOY1TO ce orKpHxa 3H.o,osert, HaHeceHH Ha nnaHa Ha ra6n. IX (rn. H o6p. 26). T-531 3HA~Be 3a >t<anocrb
He .o,asarb 5lCHo npt.o,crasneHHe 3a nocrpOHI<HTt, KOHTO e.o,Ho sptMe c;r;. ce H3AJranH TYI<b, rbi1 Karo
rl:, OT4aCTY1 ce yKa3axa CbBbpUJeHO pa3pyweHY1 3ae,D,HO Cb OCHOBHTt,
HOCTb .o,a ce H3cnt.o,sa utnH5lTb repeHb Ha 3ana.o,b orb LJ,bp!<Bara
a OT4aCTI1 HtMawe B"L3MO>t<-
Ha no-rontMo npocrpaHCTBO. 3a
HaCb sb cny4a5l e OC06HO Ba>t<HO 06CT05lTeJ1CTBOTO, 4e T-5311 3Y1,[1,0Be He MOraTb Ail Q;r;.,D,aTb OTb c;r;.W,OTO sptMe Cb nocrpoi11<ara Ha LJ,bpKsara 1-1 <Je rt cnt.o,osarenHo HtMaTb HY1W,~ o6w,o Cb Hei1HH51
nbpBOHa<JaneHb nnaHb. Tosa ce BH>t<Aa npt.o,H cCH4l<O orb pa3nM4Hero s"b crpoY1renHH5l Marep11anb, 1)
Ocp.
26.-
CT< p11
3Hnose
np-tllb Cs. Coqm~.
OTb cna6Y15l 11 He6pt>t<eHb rpa.o,e>tt<a H MarepHana e Bb cny4a5l
ronK03b
Atro
rontMa,
He
MO>t<e Y1 .o,a CC MY1CJ1Y1 3a HtKai<BO e,D,HHCTBO nO OTHOWeHHe Ha pa6orara Y1 BptMeTO. fl nOHe>t<e OTb
.o,pyra crpaHa e CbBCtMb 5lBHO, 4e cJKw,ecmysaw,Hrt npt.o,b cpaca.o,ara Ha
Ubp!<Bara nocrpoi11<Y1 cJK
6HJ1Y1 Haro.o,eHH cnope,D,b CaMara Ll,bp!<Ba, TO He OCTaBa HHI<ai<BO CbMHtHHe, 4e rt c;r;. OTb nO-I<bCHO
sptMe. KbMb KOi1 crpOHTeneHb nepHOAb w,e rpt6sa .o,a rH npH4HCnHMb, He MO>t<e .o,a ce Ka>t<e cb
nono>t<HTenHOCTb, Tbi1 Karo He ce HaMtpHxa HHI<aKBI1 xapaKrepHH 3a .o,arHpaHe eneMeHTH, na 11 OTb
ca;-.mrt crtHH e 3ana3eHo ronK03b ManKo Htw,o, .o,tro M;r;.4HO MO>t<e .o,a ce
npoY13Hece
40BtKb 3a
.o,arara caMo no xapa1<repa Ha rpa.o,e>t<a. Ha sctKH cny4ai1 no-rontMa e stpo5lTHOCTbra, 4e nocrpoi1KHTt .o,arHpaTb OTb npt.o,11 rypc1<o sptMe, noHe>t<e Bb rtxb He
HaMHpaMe xapaKrepHY15l 3a
rypcKH nepHOAb rpa.o,e>tt<.o,y <JempH ryxnH, a sropH5lTb

1
) SbnpOCHHrt 31-1llOBe C?il. rpaneH:-1 Ca:'-10 OTb l<ilMbH:-11-1 XOpo:aHO., Bb t<OiJTO Hi;Ma
Cs Co<jJHo
rypcKH
nepHOAb
nbpBY151
e
se<Je
npH:v~i;Cb OTb Yyt<aHJ-1 t<epaMHlli-L
42
TBbp)J,t, KbCeHb, 3a )J,a MOH<e )J,a Ce MI1CJH1 3a HerO np11

CTpOHKI1. no Ta311 npW111Ha Hai1-Bt.p051THO
nbJlHOTO
npt.AnOJlOH<eHI1eTO,
pa3pyweHI1e
'-le
Ha
BbnpOCHI1n
no-
Tt.311 nOCTpOHKI1 )J,aT11paTb
OTb
BT0p1151 Xp11CTI151HCKI1 CTpOHTeneHb nep110)J,b.

EA11Hb OTb Hai1-TPYAHI1Tt. Bbnpocl1 np11 peCTaspau,I151Ta Ha u,bpKBaTa 6t. BbnpoCbTb 3a nbpBoHa'-!anHOTO
3ana3eHI1
KOHTO
ycrpoi:iCTso
CI'K
11
Ha
npt.Msep11eTo.
Ht.KOI1 CJlt.)J,I-1,
)J,OJ1Hf151Tb
eTaH<b e
KOI1TO
611Jlb
KaKTO
113TbKHaxMe
nOKa3BaTb, '-le TO e
3aCBO)J,eHb
Cb
np11
611J10
KpbCTaTI1
HerosoTo
nbpBOHa'-laJlHO Ha
CBO)J,OBe.
(op.
37),
eTaH<a,
OTb
on11caH11e
06a'-!e
)J,Ba
Ht.MaMe
)J,OCTaTb'-IHO
nO)J,p06HI1 yKa3aHI151 11 Cl1rypH11 CJ1t.)J,I1, 3a )J,a yCTaHOBI1Mb 6e3b KOJle6aHI1e Ha'-111Ha Ha 3aCBO)J,51BaHeTO.
Cpt.AH51Ta '-!aCTb Ha npt.Msep11eTo, K051TO OTrosap51 Ha rnaBHI151 Kopa6b, 113rneH<Aa Aa
)J,eHa Bb )J,OJlHI-151 eTaH<b Cb Tp11 KpbCTaTI1 CBO)J,a, OTb KOI1TO cpt.AH1151Tb e 611Jlb
e 611na 3acso-
nO-W11p0Kb, a
CTpa-
HI1'-IHI1Tt, 3Ha'-111TeJ1HO no-nCHI1. nbpBH51Tb no W11p0'-111Ha e OTrOBap51I1b Ha U,eHTpanHaTa BpaTa
(290
KaTo ce e
0cTaHa-
Kpt.nt.nb Bb BbHWHaTa cTt.Ha Ha npt.Msep11eTO Bbpxy apKaTa
Ha
Ta311
spaT a.
Jli1Tt. )J,Ba C/'K n0'-111BaJ111 Ha 'CJKW,aTa CTt.Ha Bbpxy apK11Tt, Ha )J,BaTa CbCt.)J,HI1 Cb BpaTaTa
M.)
np030peu,a,
Ha KOI1TO Tt. CI'K OTrOBap51I111 11 no W11p0'-111Ha. Ha cpi;w,ynOJlOH<HaTa CTpaHa CBO)J,OBeTt, 611 rpt.6BaJlO
)J,a CTJKnaTb Bbpxy ni1JlaCTp11, KOI1TO
KOpa6b 11 KOHTO )J,a 6JK)J,aTb
)J,a
neH<aTb
pa3nOJlOH<eHI-1
Ha
rpaH11U,aTa
CI1MeTp11'-1HO
Ha
MeH<)J,Y
)J,BaTa
npt.MBep11eTO
ni1JlOHa
Ha
11
rnaBHI151
U,eHTpanHaTa
BpaTa.
06a'-!e OTb TaKI1Ba nHJlaCTpl-1 Ht.Ma 3ana3eHI1 a6COJ110THO HI1KaKBI1 CJ1t.)J,I1. H11e BH)J,t.XMe, '-!e np116Jli1311TeJ1HO Ha TOBa Mt.CTO, )J,i;TO 611 Tpt.6BaJlO )J,a r11 0'-!aKBaMe,
CaMO
MaJlKO
u,bpKBaTa, ce HaM11paTb 6a311Tt. Ha ABt. rypc1<11 KOJ10HI1, OTb KOI1TO
35).
(rn. CTp.
no)J,b Tt.311 CTt.HI1 11 6a3H HaM11paMe o6a'-!e
naKb
n0-6Jll130
KbMb
113XOH<AaTb KbCHI1
oap1151 KaMeHeHb
OCbTa Ha
TypcKI1
LI,OKbJlb
cTt.HI1
Ha
U,bp-
KBaTa, '-111eTO np11CJKTCTBI1e Ha TOBa Mt.CTO 51CHO nOKa3Ba, '-le TYKb nbpBOHa'-!aJlHO CI'KW,O Tpt.6sa )J,a Ce
e 113A!1rana Ht.KaKsa nocTpoi:iKa. OcTasa
cnt.AoBarenHo
)J,a
np11eMeMb,
TYPCKI1 KOJlOHI1 CJK ce HaMHpanl1 nbpBoHa'-!anHo ABa rpaAeHI1
OTb
'-!e
Tyxnl1
Ha
Mt.CTOTO
nl1nacTpa,
Ha
KOI1TO
ABt.Tt.
OTnocnt.
CJK 611n11 CbBbpweHo YHI1W,OH<eHI1. Tt.xHOTO 6e3cnt.)J,HO 113'-IC:3BaHe ce o651CH51Ba Cb TOBa, ye Tt., KaTo
C/'K 611J111 nOCTaBeHI1, KaKTO u,i;naTa rOpH51 nOCTpOi1Ka Ha U,bpKBaTa, BbpXy KaMeHHI151
C/'K MOrJ111 )J,a 6JK)J,aTb OTCTpaHeHI1, 6e3b )J,a OCTaBaTb Ht.KaKBI1 CJlt.)J,H Bbpxy Hero.
Tt.311 Cbo6paH<eHI151 e
Ta6n.
XIV 1.
np11eTa pecTaspau,I151Ta, npt.ACTaBeHa Bb nnaHa Ha Ta6n.
U,OKbJlb,
Bb3b
11
Bb
JleCHO
OCHOBa
Ha
pa3pt.3a
Ha
no CI'KW,1151 Ha'-111Hb Cb KpbCTaTI1 CBO)J,OBe C/'K 6HJ111 noKp11TI1 )J,OJ1HI1Tt. eTaH<I1 11 Ha )J,Bt.Tt.
CTpaHI1'-IHI1 '-laCTI1 Ha npt.MBep11eTO, KOI1TO OTroBap51Tb Ha CTpaHI1'-IHI1Tt,
1<0pa611
Ha
U,bpKBaTa.
np11
TOBa Tpt.6sa )J,a Ce 3a6t.nt.H<I1, '-!e BCt.KI1 e)J,I1Hb OTb nony'-leHHTt, no T0311 Ha'-111Hb Ce)J,eMb CBO)J,a
Bb
)J,OJ1HI151 eTaH<b Ha npt.MBep11eTO JleH<I1 nO Ha '-!eTHp11 apK11 Cb nbJleHb u,eHTbpb. (11CTeMaTa Ha 3aCBO)J,51-
26
BaHeTO e CJlt.)J,OBaTeJlHO CJKW,aTa, KaKTO Bb Hanpt.'-1HI151, a He KaKTO Bb rnaBHI151 KOpa6b (rn. CTp.
ropH1151Th eTaH<b Ha npt.MBep11eTO e
KOHTO cpt.AHI151Tb, KOi1To e
oTrosap51nb Ha
611Jlb 3aCBO)J,eHb
rnaBHI151
Kopa6b,
Ha npOCTpaHCTBOTO TYKb He n03B0Jl51Ba )J,a np11eMeMb,
'-!e
Bt.p051THO
e
C/'K
6Hnb
caMO
CJKW,eCTByBaJ111
11
CBO)J,a,
29).
OTb
naKb
Ce)J,eMb
no-ront.Ma
(950
CBO)J,a,
M. cpi;wy
M. Bb )J,0J1HI151 eTaH<b), TO BCt.KO e)J,HO OTb Tp11n OT)J,t.JleHI151 Ha npt.MBep11eTO e MOrllO )J,a 6JK)J,e
3aCBO)J,eHO CaMO Cb nO e)J,I1Hb CBO)J,b, nOCTaBeHb Ha )J,Bt, apK11 Cb

Bb )J,OJ1HI151 eTaH<b He e
OTb
Tp11
nO-BI1COKb. Pa3npt.At.neHI1eTo
KaKTO Bb )J,OJ1HI151 eTaH<b. noHeH<e TYKb Bb Cpt.)J,H51Ta '-!aCTb BI1C0'-111HaTa e
550
Cb
5"50
611J10 Bb3MOH<HO, TbH KaTO np11
KaTO e
W11p0'-111Ha
M. e 611no HeMI1CJ111MO )J,a ce noCTp051Tb HYH<HI1Tt,
HaKapanO CTp011TeJ151 )J,a Cl1 nOCI1YH<I1 Cb e)J,HO
nbJleHb U,eHTbpb. no)J,06HO Ht.W,O
pa3'-IJleHeHI1e
ap1<11
Ha
OTb
Cb
675
nbneHb
M.
11
BI1C0'-111Ha
u,eHTbpb.
npOCTpaHCTBOTO
Bb
ETa
)J,0J1HI151
Koe
eTaH<b,
np116t.rHaJ1b )J,O nOMOW,bTa Ha BTOpOCTeneHHI1Tt, Tt.CHI1 11 )J,bJlrl1 CBO)J,OBe.

1
MaKapb '-!e CBOAOBeTt. Ha ropH1151 eTaH<b Ha npt.Msep11eTo CJK CJKWO Cb6opeHI1, )
MOH<e )J,a ce np11eMe Cb nonOH<11TeJ1HOCTb, '-!e 11 Tt.
1) 8b MOll.epHaTa
UbpKBI-!Ua
CBOllOBerE
.uonHHII, TaKa 11 Ha ropH~-tll eTa)!{b Ha
6ol!llHCaHH.
no
Ta3H
KaKTO
Ha
np-tllllBep~-teTo CrK
3ana3eHH, HO c?K ~-t3Ma3aHH Cb 11e6enb nnacTb

11 nocnt,
CaMO
np~-tYHHa
He
Ma3~-tnKa
M~-t
6-twe
CJK
611n11
KpbcTaTI1
(rn. 11 CTp.
38).
see naKb
Ho noHeH<e
Bb3M0)!{H0 11a yCTaHOBn, 11anH T-t3H CBOllOBe C?K Hai-!CTI-!Ha

nbpBOHaYanHI-frE,
HflH
np0113X0)!{llaTb
ap-t Me. 3aTosa n p:-1 peCTaspau~-ti!Ta Ha
OTb
nO-KbCHO
n p-tllllBep~-teTo Tt,
C?K B3eTI-f CaMO Ha BTOpO M-tCTO Bb BHI-!MaH~-te.
43
B"'Tpt.wHHHTb H3rnenb
- - - - - _____ -_-_- = = = = =
,!J,Bt,Tt, 11Mb CTpaHH CaMO GK nemam1 Bbpxy apKH,
ApyrHrl
,[J,Bt,
Bbpxy
XOpH30HTaJlHH
(npO,[J,bJl}!{eHHeTO OTb CT"tH11Tt, Ha rJJaBHI151 11 CTpaHHYHI1Tt, 1<0pa611), TO HaYI1HbTb

e 611Jlb T0311, I<Oiho e ynoTp"t6eHb 11 Bb rJJaBHI151 1<0pa6b (rn. CTp.
Ha
11
65
YI1Ha OKOJJO
TYXJ111.
CM. no,!J,b TypcKHSI no,!J,b
ront.Ma
YaCTb
OTb
pa3pyweHa ow,e no-paHo,

6ose
B.lKTpt,
rOBOp11Mb
1<011TO,
nO-,[J,QJlt,,
pa3KOnKI1rl,
rnasHO
Ce
no3BOJJ5tsaxa ,[J,a
np11
6-twe
HaM11paxa
BCe
ce npocn"tA11
6t,
OTKp11Tb
np11
pa3KOnK11rl
HMa ,[J,a
Ha
,!J,bn6o-
nO,[I,b
611Jla
nopaAH Hanpasa Ha rpow,e
TOBa
Bb3MO<HO,
OW,e
To?i
M-tcTo
weCTOJKrbJJH11T"t
nbpBOHaYaJlHI151
Bb U,bpKBaTa, 3a KOeTO
,!J,OI<OJli<OTO
Cb
no,!J,b.
3aCBO,[J,51BaHeTO
29).
KaTo MI1HasaMe cera KbMb s;;Hp"twHOTO ycTpo~kTBO Ha U.bpKsaTa, Ha nbpso

KameMb H"tKOJJKO AYMI1 3a nbpsoHaYaJJHI151
nJJOCI<OCTH
11MaMe CJlyYaH ,!J,a

3HaYI1TeJlHI1
YaCTH,
Ce 3ana311Xa 11
Bb
OTJ111YHO
noAp06Ho
CJJ"t,!J,b
CbCTOSIHI1e
11
HerosaTa Hanpasa.
Ha?i-,!J,on-t HaM1;1paMe np"tA11 BCHYKO e,[J,I1Hb nnacTb OTb o611KHOseHI1 p"tYHI1 KaMbHI1, HacnaraHH e,lJ,I1HbAO APYrb 6e3b xopocaHb,
CaMO
OTb
15
OKano
Ha Ae6eni1Ha
XOpOCaHb
,[J,e6enb oKono
T0311 nnacTb
18
eM. Cn"t,!J,b TOBa
11,1J,e
e,!J,I1Hb
nnacTb
Cb TpOWeHI1 ,[J,OCTa Ha e,!J,pO KepaMI1,[1,11,
CM., onopt, CbBbpweHo 3arna,[J,eHb. Bbpxy
c;;:. 611n11 noCTaseHI1 ron"tM11
YeTBbpTHTI1
Tyxnl1,
Kai<BI1TO CJK ynoTp-t6eHI1 11 np11 nOCTpOHI<aTa Ha CaMaTa U,bp!<Ba,

a Bbpxy T"tXb e Cil"t,[J,BaJla HaCH1Jll<a
MOpH11
nJJOYI<I1,
OTb
15-25
,[J,e6e.lll-1 OTb
pa3HOU,B"tTHI1 Mp51-
CM.,
1<011TO
CJK 611J111
06p. 27. - nnaHb Ha Cs. CoHH

cnopenb TopHbOBb.
Hape,[J,eHI1 s"tpdSlTHO Bb pa3HI1 reoMeTp11YeCI<I1 qmryp11, TbH Ye

c;;:. o6pa3ysaJJI1 H"tw,o
KaTo
aneKcaHAp11HCI<a
M03ai1Ka (opus
sectile). napYeTa OTb
T"t311
Mp5lMOpH11 nnOYI<I1 Ce HaM"tp11Xa
np11 pa3KOni<I1Tt, Bb u,eHTpaJJHI15l 1<0pa6b. no opMa Tt,

ron"tM11Ha.
Cp-tw.a
ce
6-tnb e,[J,p03bpHeCTb
MpS!MOpb,
CJK
YeTBbpT11TH
yepseHb
11Jll1
Tp11.lKrbJlHI1
Cb
pa3Ha
CI1TH03bpHeCTb MpS!MOpb Cb TbHKH
TbMHI1 }!{11Jll<l1 (rOSSO antico) 11 YepseHb CI1TH03bpHeCTb Cb ,[J,e6eJJI1 6"tn11 11 TbMHI1 }!{11Jll<l1 (p11r11HCI<H
MpS!MOpb). Bb u,"tJJ1151 n"tsb CTpaHI1YeHb Kopa6b nO,!J,bTb 6-twe CbBbpweHo pa3pyweHb, TbH Ye TYKb
HaCI1nbTb OTI1sawe Henp"tKJKCHaTo Ha ront.Ma AbJJ60YI1Ha. Me<AY
n11naCTp11rl
JlSITb
o6aYe,
K011TO
CTpaHI1YHI151
OTA-t-
1<0pa6b
OTb
rnasHI151, nnaCTbTb OTb xopocaHb

e
3ana3eHb ow,e MHoro A06pt,.
CaMo
Ye
meHb
sbpxy
HH
TOH
p-tY-
U,OI<bJlb
I<OHTO
nO,[J,b
e npas"tJJb
113Jli1WHa ApyraTa KaMeHHa
Hannb>t<eHb H3rnenb Ha Cs. CocjlHH cnopenb TopHbOBb.
cno-
Henocp"t,!J,CTBeHO
KaMeHHI151
ni1JlaCTp11Tt,,
He
nnaCTb OTb
KaMbHI1, a
Bbpxy
06p. 28. -
TYKb
nO,lJ,-
JlO}!{I<a.
Bbpxy nbpsoHaYanHaTa ,[J,eKopau,l151 Ha CT"tH11rl He Mome ,[J,a ce Kame nOYTI1 HI1W.O Cb nono<11TeJJHOCTb. Ha11CTI1Ha, KaKTO cnoMeHaxMe seYe no-rapt, (CTp.
CJJ"t,!J,11 OTb cppeCKI1.
06aye Tt,
CJK
TBbp,[J,t,
He6p"t<HO
TBbp,[J,t, l<bCHa enoxa. np11 pa3KOnKI1Tt, Ce HaM"tp11Xa
Bb
15
11
113nbJJHeHH
Ha:.:11na
28),
11
Ha H"t1<o11 M-tCTa c;;:. 3ana3eHH

np0113XO<,[J,aTb
,[J,pe6HI1
H"ti<OJli<O M"tCTa. 0Tb T"tXb CaMO ,!J,Bt, 11MaTb nO-CTap11HeHb xapaKTepb
11
napYeTa
OTb
HanOMHSITb
H"tKOH OTb CTapo6bnrapCK11T"t pec1<11 Ha Tpane311u,a Bb TbpHoso 11n11 Bb
Cl1rypHO
6o5tHCKaTa
peCKI1
TBbp,[J,t,
OTb
Ha
MHOrO
u,bpKsa, np11-
ni1CBaHI1 o611KHOseHo Ha Tp11Ha,[J,eceTOTo CTon"tT11e. T"t311 parMeHTI1 o6aYe c;;:. TOJJK03b He3HaYI1TeJJHI1,
W,OTO He e
Bb3MO<HO ,!J,a Ce npaBSITb HI1Kai<BI1 3ai<JliOYeHI151 Bbpxy aHCaM6bJJa, OTb I<OHTO Tt, np0113-
nbpBOHa~anHH~Tb
44
BHllb Ha UbpKBaTa
xom,n,aTb. CaMo TOJli<03b MO>t<e ,n,a ce Ka>t<e, Ye Ll,bpKBaTa Bb nO-KbCHO Bpi>Me e 61-1na 3orpaqmcBaHa
HaH-MaJli<O nOHe ,[l,Ba n.li'.TI-1. 0THOCI-1TeJlHO HaH-CTapaTa
3a6i>Jli>>t<l-1, Ye T51 e,n,Ba Jll-1 w,e ,D,a Ce e
,D,e!<Opall,l-151
Ha
CTIHHTi>
MO>t<e
CaMO
CbCT051Jla Bb M03al-11<1-1, TbH KaTO CJlb,[l,l-1 OTb Ti>Xb,

roni>MI-1 napYeTa,
61-1no
,D,a
Ce
61-1!10
no-
OTAi>IlHI-1
Ka-
MbYeTa, He ce 3a6i>ni>3BaTb HHTO no
--"
CTi>HHTi>, Hi-1TO nblpHXa npi-1

pa3KOnKHTi> Bb Hac1-1na. He e i-131<Jli04eHa CJli>,D,OBaTeJlHO Bb3MO>t<HOCTbTa ,n,a
Ce npHeMe, Ye nbpBOHa4aJlHO CTi>hHTi>
Ha Ll,bp!<BaTa He C.li'.
HMaJll-1
HHI<ai<Ba
,n,pyra ,n,eKopall,l-151, a C.li'. 61-1!11-1 npoCTo

I-13Ma3aHH Cb yepBeHHI<nBb xopocaHb,
CMi>CeHb Cb CYyKaHI-1 CbBCi>Mb Ha CI-1T-
3ananeHb H3rnenb Ha Cs. Cocjmst cnopenb TopHbOBb.
06p. 29.
HO
Ma31-1Jll<a,
(rn. CTp.
Cili>,D,I-1
OTb
1<051TO
C.li'.
3ana3eHI-1
Ha
Hi>I<OJli<O
Mi>CTa,
KepaMH,[l,l-1,..
MO>t<e ,n,a ce
, ai<O
C41-1Ta
Bb06w,e
Ta3H
3a
HaH-CTapa
noKpHBb.
Bi>po51THO
32 en.).
Hai:i-nocn-5 OCTaBa ,n,a Ka>t<eMb Hi>KOJli<O AYMI-1 1-1 Bbpxy nbpBoHaYaJlHI-151
e, ye Ll,bpKBaTa nbpBoHatJanHo e 61-1na noKpHTa Cb roni>MI-1 Kopy6eCTI-1 KepaMH,D,I-1, no,n,o6HH Ha T-531-1,

I<Oi-1TO ,[l,O C!<OpO 6i>xa y
HaCb e,D,HHCTBeHO Bb ynoTpi>6eHHe 1-1 Cb
Kai<Bi-1TO e
HanpaBeHa
no-ron-5-
MaTa YaCTb OTb Mo,n,epHi-151 noKpHBb Ha Ll,bpKBaTa. CaMo ye CTapHTi> KepaMHAH w,e ,n,a C.li'. 61-1!11-1 3Ha4HTenHo no-roni>MI-1, ,[J,bJlrl-1 ,D,O
60
CM.
1-1
W1-1p01<1-1
01<0!10
20-30
CM., Kai<Bi-1TO 6i>xa HaMi>peHI-1
np1-1
1
CTa poxp1-1CTI-151HCI<aTa 6a31-1Jll-11<a Ha XHcapc!<aTa Kpi>nOCTb Bb nnoB,[l,I-1BCI<0. )
HanpaBeHH51Tb TYI,n,~--1 ,n,eceTHHa ro,n,HHI-1
apxHTei<TbTb
6eHb
onHTb,
R.
TopHbOBb~) 6t, HanpaBHJlb e,n,HHb no,n,o-
KOHTO
3acny>t<aBa Hi>KOJli<O AYI":I-1. H1-1e Bb3-
np01-13Be>t<,n,aMe TYIKOI-1 OTb CI<HLJ,HTi> Ha
TopHbOBa, 3a ,n,a ce BI-1A~1 no-51CHO, Bb Kai<BO ce CbCTOI-1 pa3Jli-1KaTa Ha ,n,Bi>Ti> peKOHCTPYKLJ,I-11-1. ToBa, KOeTo Ha npbBb norne,n,b Be,n,Hara ce XBbpi151 Bb 041-1, e
He
TOJli<03b
HOCTbTa Bb o6w,1-151 nnaHb Ha Ll,bpKBaTa y
27),
I<OJli<OTO
HeTOY-
TopHbOBa (o6p.
norpi>WHOTO noCTaB51He Ha BpaTHrE 1-1
npo-
06p. 30 30pL1,1-1Ti> Bb HeroBHrl CI<HLJ,I-1. Tbi<MO 3a Ti>3H no,n,po6HOCTI-1

C.li'.
3ana3eHH
1-1
np1-1
cerawHOTO
,[l,OCTaTb4HO yKa3aHI-151, I<Oi-1TO
CbCT051HHe
B_H,[l,l-1
ce He cnHpaMb TYI cpoTorpacpi-11-1
Ha
Ll,bpKBaTa
ce
He
Bbpxy
(Ta6n.
l-13ro~eHb
H3rnenb Ha Cs. CocpH5t

cnopenb TopHbOBb.
Ha Ll,bpKBaTa
C.li'. 61-1!11-1 BHHMaTeJlHO i-13nOil3YBaHI-1 OTb TopHbOBa. 3a ,n,a

T03H
II-VII),
B bnpocb,
np1-1
YHeTo
,n,oCTaTb4HO
,n,a
nocoya Ha npHno>t<e-
cpaBHeHHe Cb CKHLJ,HTi> Ha TopHbOBa 1-13-
nbKBaTb Be,D,Hara rp-bWI<HTi> Bb Ti>3H nOCJli>,[l,HHTi>.
1) rn. 6. <PHnOBb, l-138. Ha 6bnr. apx. npy<. II.

1911, 131 3a6.
::) ilpesHexpHCTHIIHCKHH xpaMb Cs. Coqm>~, Bb
CnHC. Ha HH<eH -apXHT. npy<. VI. 1901, 128:.;...131. rn. 3a

Ta3H CTaTH51 6i;n'5<KHT'5 Ha Fl.
p 0 T H ~ b, Cs. 'CocpH51,
CTp.
36-41.
fleKopaTHB~HrS
4:>
eneMeHTH
,,
2. XapaKTepb Ha nbpBOHa4aJ1HaTa nocTpot1Ka.

Cni>Ab KaTo ce omnaxMe AO TYKb, rnaBHO Cb noMOW,bTa Ha
Aa AaAeMb nO Bb3MO}f{HOCTb nO-nbnHO 11 nO-T04HO
peCTaspa1..1,1111Ti>
npi>ACTaBneH!1e 3a
11
nnaHoser-5,
nbpBOHaYanHI151 113rneAb Ha
l..l,bpKsara Cs. Cocp1151, rp-56sa cera Aa B11A11Mb, KaKBI1 Cl'h 611n11 o6w,I151Tb xapaKrepb 11 oco6eHOCTI1Ti>
KaKTO Ha nnaHa, TaKa 11 Ha ropH51Ta noCTpol'1Ka Ha ra111 l..l,bpKsa . .[l,oCTaTbYHO e Aa}f{e
11 eAHO
BpbXHOCTHO cpaBHeH!1e Ha peCTaBpa1..1,1111Ti> Cb cpOTOrpacp1111Ti> OTb ceraWHOTO nonO}f{eHHe, 3a
no-
Aa
ce
B11A11 BeAHara, KOnKo roni>Ma e pa3ni1KaTa Me}f{AY nbpBOHaYanHara noCTpol'1Ka 11 rosa, Koero cera e
3ana3eHo. Hal'1-Ao6p-5 113TbKBa rosa Hi>w,o np11 cpacaAaTa.
6naroAapeHI1e Ha Cb6opeHI1Ti> cera CTpaHI14HI1 OTAi>neHI151, nbpBOHa~anHaTa cpacaAa e 11Malla
MHoro no-3aBbpweHb BI1Ab,
MHoro
no-crpora
apxHTeKTOHCKa
cpopMa.
Karo
Hi>K051
n11paM11Aa
ce
113A11ra T51, OTb KpaHW,aTa KbMb Cpi>AaTa, BCe nO-BI1COKO 11 nO-BI1COKO, BCi>Ka YaCTb CaMa 3a ce6e Cl1
11 see naKb nOA411HeHa Ha o6w,11r-B KOHryp11, KOI1TO on11csarb noYTI1 eA11Hb
w,ara 11Ae51, K05HO ce !1Wa351.B~ Bb CTpi>MneHI1eTO KbMb eAHa
rp111'hrbnHI1Kb.
KynMI1Ha1..1,110HHa
T04Ka,
Ha
Cl'h-
nOA411HeHO
,,
11 pa3npi>Ai>n51Hero Ha npo3op1..1,11Ti>: n11ncsaw,11 Bb Kpal':iw,ara, r-5 ce ysenHYaBaTb 11 pa3BI1BaTb, KOnKOTO

noseye OTHBaMe KbMb cpi>AaTa 11 Bbpxa Ha cpacaAaTa.
npo30p1..1,11Ti> CbCTaB51Tb eAI1HCTBeHI1Ti> AeKopaTI1BHI1 eneMeHTI1 11 Ha ApyrHT-5 CTi>HI1 Ha 1..1,bpK13aTa ,
H11KaKBI1 cnO}f{HI1 npocp11n11, HHKaKBH 113nl'hKHanl1 YaCTI1 He HapywasaTb ryKb cnoKOHHara
11
npoCTa
xapMOHI151 Ha ni1HI111Ti>. H11ro eAI1Hb KaMbKb, HI1TO eAHa cpopMa He e nocraBeHa caMo 3apaA11 AeKopaTHBeHb ecpeKTb: HanpOTI1Bb, BCi>KO Hi>W,O Cl1 11Ma CB051Ta OpraHI14eCKa Bpb3Ka Cb l..l,i>nOTO,
K051TO
npo113n1Ya Henocpi>ACTBeHo OTb Herosoro KOHcrpyKTI1BHO npi>AHa3HaYeH!1e. TaKa Hanp. apKHT-5 Bbpxy
BpaTHT-5 11 np030p1..1,11Ti>, KOI1TO He C/'h n11weH11 OTb 113Bi>CTeHb AeKOpaT!1BeHb ecpeKTb, Ce 51B51BaTb no
He06XOA11MOCTb OTb OC06HOTO Hape}f{AaHe
Ha
ryxn11Ti>,
npi>AI13BI1KaHO
OTb
411CTO
KOHCTpyKTI1BHI1
Cbo6pa}f{eHI151.
Cl'hw,ara xapaKTep11CTI1Ka Ba}f{l1 11 3a Bl'hTpi>wHOCTbTa Ha l..l,bpKsara.
KaKBI1TO 11 Aa 611n0 Cn0}f{HI1 np0cp11n11 11 OTAi>nHI1 AeKopaTI1BHI1 eneMeHT11.
11 TYKb naKb n11ncsarb

nocTpOHKaTa e rp-56sano
Aa Ai>HCTByBa 113Kni0411TenHO 4p-53b xapMOHI151Ta Ha ni1HI111Ti> 11 pa3npi>Ai>n51HeTO Ha npOCTpaHCTBOTO.

Ero 3aw,o BCI14KO e cseAeHo AO Hal':i-npoCTHT-5 cpopM11 11 nnocKOCTI1.
He caMo CTp011TenHI151Tb MaTe-
pHanb He e 113nOn3yBaHb AeKOpaTI1BHO, KaKTO Bb KbCHI1Ti> Bl13aHTI1HCKI1 nOCTpOHKI1, HO Bb l..l,bpKBaTa

Ca. Cocp1151 n11ncsarb 11 OHI151 KpbCTOCBaHI151 Ha ni1HI111Ti>, KOI1TO orsap51Tb nepcneKTI1BHI1
pa3HO ocs-BrneHHe, Karo CBbp3BaTb no-r-EcHo OTAi>nHHT-5 YaCTI1 Ha l..l,bpKBaTa
no
113rneA11 Cb
Me}f{AY 11Mb. TyKb
sc-5KI1 eAHHb OTb Kopa611ri> e HanbnHo caMOCT051TeneHb 11 3asbpweHb Bb ce6e c11. Bb nbnHa
xap-
MOHI151 Cb T0311 06W,b xapaKTepb Ha l..l,bpKBaTa Ce HaM11pa 11 nl1nCaTa Ha KaKBI1TO 11 Aa 611n0 KOnOHI1,
KOI1TO 611xa np11nan11 no-roni>Ma neKOCTb 11 rpa1..1,1151
Ha
nocrpol'1KaTa.
KonoHHT-5
MaCI1BHI1 YeTBbpT11TI1 CTbn6ose, 6e3b 6a311 11 Kan11ren11, CKa4eHI1 CaMO Cb apK11

HOTO eAH006pa311e Ha MaTep11ana, KaKTO 11 CTpOrHT-5
apX11TeKTOHCKI1
cpOpM11
Cl'h
3aMi>HeHI1
nOMe}f{AY Cl1,
npaB51Tb
Cb
nbn-
sneYaTneHI1e,
KaTO Ye n11 l..l,bpKBaTa e 113ni>Ha 1131..1,-5no CaMO OTb eA11Hb Kanbnb, HO Bb C/'hll.I,OTO Bpi>Me
H np11Aa-
BaTb OC06Ha MOHyMeHTanHOCTb 11 COn11AHOCTb,

Bb BCI14KI1 r-5311 oco6HOCTI1 Ha l..l,bpKBaTa
AYanHOCTb,
weHCTBO,
np0311pa eAHa
K051TO rp-56sa Aa np11ni1WeMb Ha HeHHI151
apX11TeKTb.
l..l,bpKBara Cs. Cocp1151 e 113nbnHeHa Cb OH51 CMi>nb
cMi>na 11Ae51,
np11
roni>Mo
eAHa
c11nHa
11HA11BI1-
TeXHI14eCKO CbBbp-
11 eneMeHrapeHb 3aMaXb,
xapaKrepeHb
3a enOXI1Ti> Cb3AaTenKI1
60TKa Ha AeTaHnHT-5,
Ha
HOBI1
11Ae11,
HO OTI1B& npaBO 11
KOraTO TBOp4eCTBOTO He Ce ry611 Bb 6e3KpaHHaTa

Henocpi>ACTBeHO KbMb l..l,i>nbTa, KaTO
pa3pa-
Yepn11 BAbXHOBeH!1e
CaMO Bb OpraHI14eCKI1 He06XOA11MOTO 11 Ce CTapae Aa CTI1rHe HaH-rOni>MI1Ti> Bb3MO}f{HI1 ;;e3ynTaTI1 Cb

HaH-ManbKb pa3XOAb OTb cpi>ACTBa 11 spi>Me. Pa3rneAaHa OTb rosa 411CTO cpopManHo rneAHw,e, l..l,bpKBaTa Cs. Cocp1151
npas11 sneYaTneHHe Ha eAHa
Ta311 np11B11AHa np11MI1TI1BHOCTb Ce
np11MI1TI1BHa 3a csoero
spi>Me
nocrpol'1Ka.
Ho
Bb
Kp1151Tb 3apOAI1W11Ti> Ha eAHO 3ApaBO CTp011TenHO 113KYCTBO, CnO-
46
C06HO aeye )J,a
pa3p-5waaa HaH-TPYAHv!T-5 npo611eM11,
CbCp-5AOTOYaaaHe ab ce6e Cl1,
3a )J,a 11Ma
Ha I<OeTO
ap-5Me )J,a
1111ncaa CaMO e)J,HO
pa3a11e ac-5t<a e)J,Ha
npO)J,bJl>KI1Te11HO
OTb Ca011T-5
cpopM11.
Ero
3aw,o TYIKHOTO, I<OI<eTHOTO, rosa t<OeTo n0411Ba Ha Abnrorpai1HI1 np-5cM-5TaHI151 11 t<OM611HaU,I1H 11 I<OeTO HOCH OTneLJaTbl<a
Ha TbpCeHOTO 11
Ha
H31<YCTBeHOTO,
Bb06w,e
Ha
aCI141<0
OHOBa,
I<OeTO xapat<TepH311pa 1131<YCTBOTO Bb !<past Ha e)J,I1Hb )J,bJlbrb nepHO)J,b OTb HerOBOTO pa3aHTI1e, np-5)],11
)J,a ce n051B51Tb HOBH H)J,el1 H HaCOI<H, t<OHTO )J,a np-5AH3BHI<aTb Herosoro ab3pam)J,aHe.
CocpHst npHHa)J,neml1 cnt.AosarenHo He Ha crapyeCK11st, a Ha MJla)J,eHLJect<Hst nep110)J,b
Ha e)J,Ha crpoHrenHa enoxa H
3arosa Hei1HOTO ab3)J, l;!1craHe Bbpxy 3pHrenst,
np11
Ha cpopM11T-5 11 rpa)J,e>Ka,
aCHYI<ara npocrora
H-5Ma
no-cna6o, OTI<OJli<OTO Ha
)J,a
OH-5311
np-5ACTaBSI'fb HaH-BHC::I<aTa
Llbpt<aara Ca.
OTb pa3BI1T11eTo
6;;r;)J.e
HI1I<Ora
nOCTpOHI<I1, I<OHTO
TOYI<a Bb XYAO>KeCTBe-
HOTO raopLJecrso Ha e)J,Ha enoxa. 3aw,oro Ca. CocpHst

aCHYI<H OHH51 >KI1BOTOCnOC06HI1 eJleMeH111,
Cb)J,bp>Ka
Ha
t<OI1TO
norp-56Ho
caMo
apt.Me,
3a
)J,a
ce
pa3aHstTb 11 )J,a )J,a)J,aTb OT11114HI1 pe3ynraTH .

EAHa
Ha
Ca.
OTb
Cocp1151
npo3opu,11rt..
MI1CJlH,
Ye
Hal1-xa pat<repHHT-5
ron-5MI1HaTa
06aLJe
T-5
oco6HOCTH
113061111Hero Ha
norp-5wHo 611
611110
)J,a
ce
611xa )J,a1111 Yp-53M-5pHO OCa-5TJleHI1e
Ha Hei1HaTa s;;r;rpt.wHoCTb. KaKTO not<a3BaTb MHOro6po!1HH

)J,a
aHanorHLJHH
np11eMeMb,
LJe
ab
npHM-5p11,
npo3opu,vn-5
nbpBOHaYaJlHO CJl'\ 6HJ1H nOCTaaeHI1

WeTI<I1 cb Ma111<11
w,e
t<p;;r;rnH 11111-1
rp-56sa
Ha u,bpt<BaTa
Mp51MOpHH pe-
YeTBbpT11TH AY111<11,
3aTBOpeHI1 Cb np03pc 4HH Clbi<Jla. no T03H HaYHHb

Bb U,bpt<BaTa CB-5TJl11HaTa e npOHHI<BaJla ab TBbpAt,
OrpaHHYeHI1 pa3M-5p11.
Karo MI1HaaaMe cera t<bMb oco6HOCTI1rl ab
nJlaHa
Ha
U,bpt<aaTa,
Ha nbpBO M-5CTO 11MaMe )J,a
OT6-5Jl-5>KI1Mb JlHnCaTa Ha
.
I
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...
paTb al13aHTHHCI<HT-5
no-MaJli<H
OT)J,-5-
1leHI151 OTCTpaHI1 Ha anCI1)J,aTa, 1<011TO xapat<TepH3H-
ii
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Bb
HaWH51 CJlyYaH,
BM-5CTO T-53H )J,B-5 OT)J,-5JleHI151, HaMHpaMe e)J,HO yroJl-5MstBaHe Ha anCI1AaTa
1.:;.:-: .:::: :.::::~;:::,~.,.:::a:::::t': : ;:. T: .I
nocp-5ACTBOMb
nemaw,ero
MeH<AY He51 H Hanp-54HH51 1<0pa6b YeTBbpTHTO npo-
,~=:::::::.:::.::::.. :.:::.:::::::.
CTpaHCTBO, I<OeTO Ce 51B51Ba t<aTO npO)J,bJl>KeHHe Ha

rnaaHHst
06p. 31. - nnaHb Ha Ce . CoqJHSI Bb Uap~-trpanb

(cnopenb Holtzinger, Rltchristl. und
byzant. Baukunst).
t<opa6b,
Ta3H
oco6HOCTb
3ae)J,HO Cb t<pbCTOBI1)J,HaTa
pa3yaa
Ha
OTb np-5CI1YaHeTO
Ha
U,bpt<aara,
cpOpMa, 1<051TO Ce o6rnaBHI151 1<0pa6b Cb
Hanp-5YHI151, e rJlaBHaTa npi-t411Ha,
W,OTO
nJlaHbTb
Ha npbab norneAb )J,a npas11 aneYarneHHe t<aro Aa e Ha H-51<051 poMaHCI<a, a He Ha BH3aHTI1HCI<a u,bpt<aa.
Cxoncrsoro Ha
Cs. CocpHst Cb poMaHCI<11T-5
u,bpt<BH
He
OTHBa o6aYe no-AaneYb OTb rl3H Ha sct.1<11
CJlyYaH TBbpAt, Xapat<TepH11 OC06HOCTI1 Bb nJlaHa, Cb Yl1eTO np0113XO>K)J,eHHe w,e HMaMe CJlyYaH )J,a ce
3aHI1MaeMb no)J,p06HO nO-AOJl-5.
0THOCHTe11HO CHCTeMaTa Ha 3aCBOA51BaHero Ha Ca. CocpHst HMa Aa 3a6-5n-5mHMt-. ye Ha Aaara
1<pbCTaTI1 CaOAa Bb rnaaHI151 !<Opa6b
Cnt.AOBarenHo
eAHHT-5. He ce
OTrOBapstTb no Tp11
HaM11parb
Bb onp-5A-5JleHa
t<pbCTaTH
CBOAa
Bpb3t<a Cb
Bb CTpaHHYHHrl
ApyrHrl,
TbH t<aro
CBOAb ab r1laBHI151 1<0pa6b OTrOBapstTb eA11Hb H nOJlOBI1Ha Bb CTpaHI14HHT-5 1<0pa611.
Bb
ROpaDH.
Ha
ac-5t<H
TOBa OTHO-
47
Oco6HOCTH Ha nnaHa
weHI-!e CI-!CTeMara Ha
3acao.o,s!BaHeTO Ha
Hape4eHaTa CBbp3aHa CI-!CTeMa Bb
U,bpKBara Ca.
pOMaHCKI-ISI CTI-!Jlb,
Cocp!-!S! ce pa3Jll-!'-laaa
.o,i>TO Ha
BCi>KI-1
1<0pa6b OTrOBapS!Tb TO'-IHO no ,D,Ba CBO,D,a Bb CTpaHH'-IHHTh KOpa61-!,
pi>3KO KaKro
KpbCTaTb
CBO,D,b
OTb TbH
Bb
rnaBHI-ISI
TaKa H OTb nO-KbCHaTa
CI-ICTeMa
Ha 3aCBO,D,S!BaHe, Koraro, Cb roni>Moro pa3BI-ITHe Ha KpbcTaTHSI CBOAb, e 6Hllb ycbBbpweHcrayaaHb H

Ha'-!HHbTb 3a 3aCBO)J,S!BaHeTO Ha npO)J,bJlrOBaTH npocrpaHCTBa, TbH '-!e '-IHCJlOTO Ha CBO)J,OBeri:, Bb rnaBHHSI
KOpa6b ce
HH'-IHHTi>
H3paBHHJ10
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6HJlb
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Bb
Ha crpoHrenHri> Ha Ca.
He
Hen03HaTb
Ha
npO)J,bJlrOBaTI-1 npocrpaHCTBa,
Ha'-!HHbTb 3a
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TOBa Ce BH>I<)J,a
OTb
HerOBOTO 1-!3n0113YBaHe npH 3aCBO,IJ,S!BaHeTO Ha )J,OJlHHSI era>lA,D,BepHeTO (rll. CTp.
Ce 3a6i:,ni>3Ba roni>Ma
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42).
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Heyai>peHOCTb
ce
BH<Aa,
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1-1
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crpoHrenHri> Ha Ca.
ow,e Hi>w,o Heo6HKHOBeHo. Ero 3aw,o

Ha U,bpKBaTa np03Hpa
nocraBS!Tb no
e
SICHO
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Bbpxy KBaAparHa OCHOBa. Ta3H
Bb crpaHH'-IHHTi> -
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CBO)J,OBeTi> )J,a Ce
61-1na npH4HHara, w,oro Bb rnaBHI-ISI Kopa6b Aa
!...
i i
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H )J,a 61-1110 YMHwneHo crpi>MJleHHe )J,a ce
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eAHHTi>
06 P 32 - nnaHb Ha Cs. CocjJHS! Bb ConyHb

(cnopellb Holtzinger, FlltchristL '; nd
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Bb
onpi>Ai>lleHa
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KOpa6H. Toea Hi>w,o HAe ,D,a nOTBbpAH ow,e e)J,I-!Hb n.:KTb
H3Ka3aHHSI no-ropt, (crp.
46),
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OTb CTpOHTeJlHaTa enoxa,
Ha KOSITO TSI n pHHa)J,Jle>I<H.
3a W,OTO CI-ICTeMaTa
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Karo roaopHMb 3a U,bpKaara Ca.
CocpHS!,
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He
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Bbpxy
U,bpKBH
Ha 6ant<aHCI<HSI nonyocrpoBb, 3a )J,a H3nbKHaTb
ow,e
nO-)J,06pt,
HeHHHTi>
OC06-
HOCTH. Toea e ronK03b noae'-!e Heo6xoAHMO , '-!e Hi>KOH
06p. 33 . -
Cs. CoHII Bb ConyHb, orb H3TO Kb.
Cb
Ti>3H
U,bpKBH
HeyMi>CTHH
'-leCTO
CpaBHeHHSI
C.:K
CTaBaJlH
npH'-11-!Ha Ha He)J,Opa3yMi>HHSI.
Ha
nbpBO Mi>CTO rpi>6aa )J,a Ce cnpeMb Bbpxy OHaSI U,bpKBa,
KOSITO Bb06w,e
e nonynS!pH3H-
pana HMero Cs. CocpHS! H t<OSITO 3aeMa HaH - BHAHOTO Mi>cro Bb BH3aHTHHCKara apxHreKrypa, a HMeHHO
U,bpKaara Ca. Coi;w1 Bb Ll,apHrpa)J,b, nocrpoeHa Bb api>Mero Ha
IOcTHHHaHa Me<AY
532
537
ro)J,.
48
nbpBOHaYanHH51Tb BHilb Ha UbpKBaTa
OTb apxvneKTYITi> f\HreMYI
OTb Tpanecb
CaMo e.o,:-~Hb norne.o,b Bbpxy Hei1-
VI VfcH.o,Opb OTb MYinerb.
HYI51 nnaHb (o6p. 31) e ,D,OCTaTb4eHb, 3a .o,a HYI y6i>.o,YI, Ye Bb C-"'W,HOCTb
Hl-11<ai<BO cpaBHeHI-1e Me>KAY
HawaTa Cs. CocpY151 VI Ta3YI U,bp!<Ba He e Bb3MO>t<HO. nbpBaTa e Ha,D,nb>t<Ha,
4YICTO 6a3YinYII<anHa no-
CTpOi1Ka, Bb cpopMa Ha naTWICKYI KpbCTb, Bb K051TO KynonbTb Y!Ma sropocreneHHO 3HaYeHI-1e.

rpa.o,ci<ara
Cs.
CocpY151,
nocrpoeHa
Bb
cpopMaTa
Ha
rpbU,KYI
KpbCTb, e Bb
UapY!-
nbnHaTa CMY!Cbnb Ha
.o,yMaTa U,eHTpanHa nOCTpOHI<a; Bb He51 BCYIYI<YI YaCTYI, a!<O MO>t<eMb TaKa .o,a Ce Y13pa3Y!Mb, KaTO nYI Ye
3a
Y!MaTb
rnasHa
u,i>nb
.o,a
nocnymaTb
I<Oi1To sna.o,-te u,-tnara u,bpi<sa.

ycnosHo.
Bbo6w,e
nw-IHYI TYina,
.o,s-tr-t
3a
3a
ocHosa
rnaseHb
u,bpKBYI
ce
.o,a
VI
no.o,rors51Tb
VI crpaHYIYHYI Kopa6YI
51B51BaTb
Karo
TYKb
np-t.o,craBYITenKYI
senHYeCTBeHYI51
MO>t<e
Ha
Kynonb,
.o,a ce rosopY! caMo
.o,sa
CbBbpweHo
npYI I<OYITO ,D,OnY!pHYI TOYI<YI 6YIXa MOrnYI .o,a Ce ,D,Y1p51Tb CaMO Bb He3HaYY!TenHYI no.o,po6HOCTYI.
no-.o,pyrb e
conyHci<ara Cs. Cocpl-151, Cbrpa.o,eHa, KaKTO Yl3rnem.o,a, ow,e npi>3b VI croni>rYie, 1) K051TO~ no
CB051
nnaHb
cnyYa51Tb
3aeMa
npYI
cp-t.o,ara
25, 32
nocrpoi11<a (rn. o6p.
Mem.o,y
33).
VI
ueHrpanHa VI
--,.
Ha.o,nb>t<Ha
:!
HaY!CTYIHa,
TYIcro.
06aYe
Ha,D,nb>t<HYI !<Opa6a,
see
naiM'=>
o6pa3yBaHb
Bb
KynonbTb He
VI
OTb
HO
pa3nY!Yasarb
npi>CYIYaHeTO
BbpXy
e,D,YIHb
rnaBHYI51 Kopa6b.
ce
Ha
YI3AYira
!<Opa6b
Cb3,D,a.o,eHb
cpopMa
Ha
OxpY!,D,CI<aTa
AYMYI VI TYIt<e .o,a
ce
111-------------
wara. T51 C-"'W.O e
u,bpi<sa
Cs.
CocpY151, Cbrpa.o,eHa npi>3b
u,bp!<BYI
TPYI
OC06HOCTYI
Ha.o,nb>t<Ha 6a3YinYII<anHa
!<Opa6b,
VI
ancH.o,YI.
,7.5 __________
-,1
nnaHa, HI-1TO Bb no.o,po6HOCTYITi>.
XI 06p. 34. -
Cs. Co1151 Bb OxpHnb (cnopenb Deutsche Bauzeitung 1895).
si>Kb~ nm<a3sa Ha npbBb norne.o,b Hi>Kai<sa npY!nYII<a cb HaHanpi>YeHb
""
0'
ll
I<Ba.o,paTb
I<OHCTaTY!pa HI-1Kai<sa npY!nYII<a Cb cocpY1i1CI<aTa Cs. Cocpi-151, HI-1TO

Bb o6w,ara
<)
, I
Kopa6b
':
: j
Bbpxy Ksa.o,para,
rnaBHY151
YI3KYCTBeHO
Cb .o,pyrYI
Hanpi>YeHb
'
i!
'
i:
rpYI
e,D,Y!Hb rnaBeHb VI ,D,Ba CTpaHYIYHYI, Ha I<OYITO
onosap51Tb VI TPYI caMOCT051TenHYI ancH.o,YI.
npi>YHYI51,
pa3-
Bb
3aM SHa
Ha
Bbo6w,e nnaHbTb
nocrpoi11<a
TOBa
Cb rpYI Kopa6a, o6aYe 6e3b Kynonb VI 6e3b
HaMY!paMe y
Ha oxpH.o,ci<ara Cs.
He51
Xapai<TepHY!Ti:; 3a
CocpY151
He
noi<a3sa
BYI3aHTI-1HCI<YITi>
HYII<aKBYI TYinYIYHYI
HanbnHO Ce CXO>t<,D,a Cb wa6nOHHYI51 nnaHb Ha nO-I<bCHYITi> BYI3aHTYIHCI<YI U,bp!<BYI, noB-
Tap51Hb 6e3YeTHO YYICnO
nJi<,TYI
.0,0 HaH-HOBO Bpi>Me.
3a .o,a ce np-tu,i:.HYI HanbnHo 3HaYeHI-1ero Ha Cs. CocpY151, Heo6xo.o,YIMO e .o,a ce BYIAYI,

spi>Me npY!Ha.o,ne>t<YI T51 VI Kai<BO e Hei:fHOTO Mi>CTO Bb YICTOpY!!;na
Ha
apXY!Tei<TypaTa,
VInYl
Ha I<Oe
Cb .o,pyrYI
AYMYI, l<bMb 1<051 rpyna apXY!Tei<TYPHYI naMeTHYIU,YI w,e rp-t6sa .o,a 5I npY14YICnY!Mb. npi>AYI .o,a pa3rne.o,aMe
o6aye n3YI BbnpOCYI, He06XO,D,YIMO e ,D,a ce CnpeMb BbpXy OHi>3YI cpa!<TYI, ycTaHOBeHYI Ypi>3b HanpaseHYITi> pa3I<Oni<YI, I<OYITO,
Ma!<apb VI .o,a He Ce OTHaC51Tb Henocpi>.o,CTBeHO .0,0 nOCTpOi:f!<aTa Ha U,bp!<BaTa,
XBbpn51Tb ro.li>Ma CBi>TnY!Ha BbpXy He::iHaTa YICTOpi1:i!.
1) 3a HeSI rn. rnasHo Texier et Pullan, L'archi

tecture byzantine, Londres 1864, crp. 154-158 11 ra6n.
XXXV-XLI; Laurent Bb Byzant. Zeitschr. IV, 1895, 431
en.; 51. CMHpH03b. Bv.3:'!HT. speMeHHHKb V, 1898,
365-392; n. MHniOKOBb, J.-bst.CTi>l pyccK. apxeon. HH
CTHT. Bb KoHcraHT:.1Hon::lJit. IV, 1899, 24 en.; J. Strzy
gowski, Oriens Christianus 1,1901,153-15811 Kleinasien,
Leipzig 1903, crp. 115-121; Ch. Diehl, Manuel d'art
byzantin, Paris 1910, crp. 120 en.
~) B. r pH r 0 p 0 B H 'l b, QyepKb nyrewecrBiH crp.

100; f\HTOHHHb, l13b PyMeniH, Cn6. 1886, crp. 58-67
11 ra6n. II-IV; M. llpHHOBb, CbYHHeHH51 II 244 en.
( nep. cn11c. XXXII-XXXIII, 1890, 360 en.); Deutsche
Bauzeitung 1895, npt.seneHo Bb Cn11c. Ha HH)f{eH.apxHr.
npy)f{. I, 1895, 263 en.; n. MHJJIOKOBb, l13st.cr. pyccK.
apxeon. HHCTHT. Bb KoHcraHTHHonont. IV, 1899, 86 en.; H.
KoHnaKOBb, MaKenoHiSI, Cn6. 1909, crp. 228-234. 3a
HannHca Ha UbpKsara rn. 11 t1 o p n a H u 11 s aH o s b,
6bnrapCKH crapHHH H3b MaKenOHH51, Co1151 1908, crp. 211.
06p. 35. -
Mo3aHKa, orKpHra np-t3b 1893 ron. Bb anc1-1nara Ha Ca. Cocjm51.
r n F\ sF\
no-crapvt crpanvt Ha
111
MtCTOTO
Ha Cs. Cocpvt51
Pa3KOnKHTi:., KOHTO ce HanpaBY!Xa Bb s;!npi:.wHOCTbTa Ha LI,bpt<BaTa Cs. Co151, AOBe)J,oxa AO

OTKpHBaHeTO Ha )J,Ba M03aYI4HYI nO)J,a, ne>KaW,H e)J,HHb Bbpxy ApyiO, KOYITO 01\. Yl )J,BaTa nO-CTapH OTb
caMaTa LI,bpKBa, TbH KaTo ce HaMHpaTb Ha 3Ha4HTenHa )J,bn6o4HHa
nOAb HeHH151 nO)J,b.
Bpi:.Me OTKpHXa ce OCHOBYITi; Ha Hi:.KOJIKO 3H)J,a, KaKTO Bb anCH)J,aTa, TaKa Yl

Ha LI,bpt<BaTa (rn. nnaHa Ha Ta6n.
IX),
Bb
KOHTO 6e3b CbMHi:.HHe npHHa)J,ne>KaTb
Bb CJi\.W,OTO
LJ,eHTpanHaTa
4aCTb
KbMb noCTpOHKHrl Cb
M03aH4HHTi:. nOAOBe. 0Tb TOBa CTaBa 51BHO, 4e, npi:.AH )J,a ce CbrpaAH Cs. Co1151, Ha CJi\.W,OTO Mi:.CTo
CJi\. 6HJJYI Y13)J,HraHH e)J,HO CJJi:.)J,b Apyro HaH-ManKO ABi:.
BaMe cnope)J,b )J,BaTa M03aH4HYI nO)J,a -
crpa)J,H, KOYITO 3a Hanpi:.Ab HHe w,e pa3JJH4a-
ropeHb Yl )J,OJJeHb- CbOTBi:.TCTByBaW,H Ha )J,Bi:. pa3HYI enOXYI.
Bb3MO>KHO e o6a4e Ti:.3H ABi:. crpaAH )J,a CJi\. ce npi:.AwecTByBaJJH OTb ApyrH ow,e no-CTapH noCTpOHKH,
3a KOYITO Hi:.MaMe B~4e )J,OCTaTb4HYI yKa3aHHSI. Ha BCi:.KH
cny4aH
OTb
KbMb
CTpaHaTa Ha anCH.O,aTa
ot<ono 15 CM. noAbn6ot<o OTb AOJJH51Ta M03aHKa, ce 3a6t.ni:.3BaTb cni:.AH
Ha Cs. Co1151,
e)J,HHb nOAb, Ko~ho
cni:.AoBaTenHo
Tp-b6sa Aa 6Ji\.Ae
ow,e OTb
no-CTapb OTb nemaw,aTa Bbpxy Hero M03aHKa.
To3H Hai1-CTapb no)J,b He MO>Ke o6a4e Aa ce npocni:.AH, npi:.AH Aa ce Cb6opH HaXOA51W,aTa ce oTropt.
Typct<a crlHa, 1<051TO 3anywsa TPYIYManHaTa
apt<a Ha LI,bpt<BaTa. no Ta3H
npY14HHa 3a cera w,e ce
CnpeMb CaMO Bbpxy OHi:.3H )J,Bi:. nOCTpOHKYI, l<bMb KOYITO npHHa)J,ne>KaTb OTI<pHTHTi:. npH pa3KOnKHTi:.
npi:.3b
1910
1911
Cs. CocpHo.
rOAHHa M03aH4HH nonose.
50
no-cra p H c r pa aH Ha Mt.C TO TO Ha Cs. Co<jJH5l
rOPH5lTf\ M03f\~1Kf\ (r26.'l.
140
no.o,b nbpBoHa'-!a11HHSl lt.'lVI 01<0110
XV-XVII VI XVIII 2) ce HaMt.pVI Ha ,D,b1160'-!VIHa 01<0110 0"60 M.

M. no.o,b rypcK>J51
no.o,b Ha u,bpKBara Cs. Co<jJVI51 (rn. o6p . 36,
~t.ro Bbpxy HaCVIna e JanaJeHa '-laCTb OTb rypcKVI51 no.o,b , a no cpt..o,ara ce
Ja6tn t.JsaTb c11t..o,H OTb
nbpBoHa'-!a11HVI51 no.o,b Ha u,bpKBaTc). T51 JaeMa e.o,Ho npoCTpaHCTBO He no -Ma11KO OTb
144
KB . M. , o6a'-!e
ro11i:.MV1 '-!aCTVI OTb He51 en; CbBbpweHo paJpyweHVI. To'-IHVITt. rpaHYIU,VI, .o,o.o,tro e CTY1ra11a MOJaVIKara,
CVIrypHOCTb, noHel-l<e Kpa~w,ara H Hasct.K"'At. CJh pa3-
He MoraTb .o,a ce onpt.o,t.1151Tb Cb a6C01110THa
pyweHVI. Ha sct.KVI c11y'-!a~ T51 e 3aeMa11a u,t.11oro KBa.o,parHo npoCTpaHCTBO no.o,b 1<yno11a Ha u,npKBaT<J,
Kai<TO VI
nO-f011i:.MaTa
'-laCTb
OTb
rnaBHVI51
1<0pa6b
6b u,t.11aTa
MY
WVIpO'-IVIHa ,
KaTO e CTV1ra11a
Ha
3ana,D,b st.p051THO .0,0 Ha~-Kpai-1HVI51 3VI,D,b, I<OHCTaTYipaHb Bb TOBa HanpaB11eHVIe npVI pa3l<Oni<VITt., Mel-l<.o,y
06p. 36. -
lJ aCTb OTb rop H5na M03aHKa .
YeTBbpTV151 VI neTVI51 n1-111aCTpV1 Ha u,bpi<Bara (Ha ra611.

(ra611 .
ctsepb
IX npVI 0 ). Ha~-Jana.o,HOTO nap'-!e OTb MOJaVIKara
XVII 6 ) 6t. OTKPVITO Ha sct.KVI c11yYai1 Henocpt..o,crseHo .o,o JVI.o,a H, Ha Jana.o,b OTb Hero. Ha
M03aVII<a Ta
~BaTa nO'-!TVI
CTV1ra11a
napa11e11HVI
3VI,D,a,
rpaHVIu,ara Me>t<.o,y rnaBHVI51 VI
OT,D,a11e'-!eHVI
Bt-HWHVI 51 CaMO
27
pa3pyweHb npVI
nV111acrp V1
Ha u,bpKBara,
BJhTpi:.WHVI51Tb OCTaBa
OTb
IX npVI M ). ToJVI JVIAb ce e npocrV1pa11b
nocrpoi-1Kara Ha Cs . Co<jJVI51
Cb
nO,D,b He51 -
CM. e,D,VIHb OTb .o,pyrb, I<OVITO Ce HaMVIpaTb Ha
Hanpt.YHVI51 KOpa6VI (Ha ra611.
ow,e Ha Jana.o,b, o6a'-le 6VI11b e

t<051TO 11el-l<aTb 11i:.BV1Tt
Bi:.pOSlTHO .0,0
KOVITO roi-1 ce
OTb
ocHosara , Bbpxy
Cbsna.o,a. Bb 11-tBVISl Hanpt.YeHb
Kopa6b, KaKTO VI Bb crpaHVI'-IHVI51 , He ce HaM-tpVIxa HVIKai<BVI c11t..o,V1 orb MoJaVIKara. Tosa o6aYe He e
~ocraTb'-IH.a rapaHU,VI51 , Ye T51 He e CTHra11a T011K03b
yKa3a CbBbpWeHO pa3pyweHb VI CTapV151Tb nO,D,b
.o,a11e'-lb Ha c-tsepb , noHel-l<e Ob r-tJVI Kopa6VI ce
Ha U,bpi<BaTa, TbH '-!e Bb3MOl-I<HO e CJhW,eBpt.MeHHO
.o,a e 6V111a pa3pyweHa VI 11el-1<aw,ara no.o,b Hero MOJaVIKa .

Ow,e no -HeCVIrypHVI CJh rpaHVIU,VITt. Ha MOJaVIKara Ha !Orb. ,lJ,eCHVI51Tb crpaHVI'-IeHb Kopa6b He
MOl-l<eWe .o,a Ce VI 3C11t.o,Ba Bb TOBa OTHOWeHVIe ,
TbH
KaTO BbpXy
Hero Ce
HaMVIpa MO.o,epHaTa
U,bp-
51
ropHH51Tb Mo3aH4eHb nonb

-------
----~~~
I<BI1U,a. Q6aYe Bb IO>KHUTO 1<p11n0 Ha Hanp-tYHI151 1<0pa6b, Bb CaMI151 IOrOI13TOLfeHb JKrbnb, Ce OT1<p11
e,[J,HO AOCTa ron-tMo napye M03ai1Ka (Ta6n.
XVIII 2), KOeTo, MaKapb 11 na ce OTni1YaBa no 113pa6oTKa
11 I<OnOp11Tb 3Hal.fi1TenHO OTb OCTaHani1Tt, YaCTI1, Tp-t5sa ,[J,a np11Ha,[J,ne>KI1 l<bMb C.:KW,1151 nO,[J,b, nOHe>Ke
ce HaM11pa Ha e,!J,HaKBa BI1COYI1Ha Cb Hero. Cn-t,[J,oBaTenHo Tp-t6sa Aa np11eMeMb, Ye M03ai1YHI151Tb
nO,!J,b ce e npoCT11panb Hai1-ManKo AO BbHWHaTa IO>KHa cT-tHa Ha U,bpKBaTa. TyKb H:l sc"t1<11 cnyYaH
He MOH<a ,[J,a ce H3M"tp11 H"tKO.:i nOCTapb 311,[J,b, I<OHTO na CLfi1TaMe KaTO Herosa rpaHI1U,a.
06p. 37. -
Mo3aHKa, orKpHra npi;3b 1893 ron. Bb ancHnara Ha Cs. Ca<jJH51.
Ha 113TOKb M03ai1KaTa ce
npOAbnH<asa
<j:>anHaTa apKa. 06aYe Bb anC11AaTa

YanHaTa 113TOYHa rpaHI1Ua
He
nOAb TypcKaTa cT-tHa, K051TO cera 3anywsa TPI1YM-
He ce oT1<p11xa HI1KaKBI1 cn"tA11 OTb He51, TbH
Mome ,[J,a
w,oTo
nbpsoHa
ce onp-tA"tn11. 3acnyH<aBa caMo ,[J,a ce > OT6-t~-B'm~, ye np11
pa3KOnKI1T-t, KOI1TO r. B. ,D,o6pyc1<11 e npas11nb Bb anC11AaTa Ha U,bpKBaTa np"t3b 1893 ro,!J,., ocs-tHb
napYeTo OTb AOnH51Ta
T-tCHa 11B11U,a M03ai1Ka
M03ai1Ka,
3a
KOeTo
Me>KAY ,!J,Ba 311,[J,a (o6p.
pO,!l,BaHI1 11 ,!J,OCera HI1Kai<BI1 6t,n-t>KKI1,
w,e rosop11Mb no-HaTaTbKb, OTKp11Ta e 611na ow,e e,[J,Ha
37 ).
3a OTI<p11BaHeTO Ha
TbH Ye He Ce 3Hae TOYHO,
TOBa
napye He C~ 06Ha-
Ha I<Oe M"tCTO 11 Ha KaKBa ,!J,bn6o-'
,,
l
52
no-crapH crpanH Ha M-tCTOTO Ha Cs. CocpH5!
4l1Ha e 61-1n::> TO HaMi:;peHo. CaMO OTb e,IJ,Ha ororpacjm51, 3ana3eHa Bb c6!-1pK1-1TB Ha HapOAHI-151 My3ei1,
K051TO
Bb3np:::>!-139emuaMe TYKb Bb o6p. 37,
Mome )J,a
MeHTI-1TB, 4e 1-1 TOBa nap4e e np!-1Ha,IJ,nemano
KbMb
ce
3aKnl041-1,
ropH51Ta
nopaA!-1
M03a!-1Ka.
F\Ko
CXOACTBOTO
TOBa
Hawe
Ha
opHa-
npB,!J,nono-
meHI-1e ce yKame BBpHo, w.e Tpi:;6sa ,IJ,a np!-1eMeMb, Ye ropH1-151Tb M03a!-14eHb no,IJ,b ce e npocr1-1panb
H Bb ancl-1,1J,aTa Ha u,bpKBaTa.
KaKTO ce B!-1m,IJ,a orb Ka3aHOTO noTyKb, cera He e se4e Bb3MOmHo ,IJ,a ce ycTaHOBI-1 nnaHbTb
Ha crpaAaTa,
KbMb
K051TO
np!-1Ha)J,neml-1
ropH1-151Tb
M03al-14eHb
nO,IJ,b.
Cb
raTb )J,a ce np:.-m!-1warb Ha Ta3!-1 crpa)J,a ,IJ,BaTa Hai1-Kpai1Hl-1 3ana)J,Hl-1 3!-1,1J,a
M.
1-1 BbHWHI-151Tb ci:;sepeHb 31-1Ab
roni:;Ma
1-1
Ha Ta6n. IX, KaKTO
OcraHan1-1rl KOHCTaT!-1paH!-1 np1-1 pa3KOnK!-1TB 31-1,1J,OBe
l-13rnem,IJ,aTb Bb no-roni:;MaTa CH 4aCTb )J,a HBMaTb Hl-1W.O o6w,o Cb Ta3!-1 crpa)J,a.

BCI-14KO 3a napanenH!-151
31-1,1J,b
Hl-14eHb Kopa6b, KOi1To
61:;
N,
si:;po51THOCTb MO-
KOi1To
ce
HaM1-1pa
nO,IJ,b
M03al-1_:<aTa, 1-1 3a
omp1-1Tb Ha ,IJ,bn6:::>4!-1Ha oKono
Tosa
3!-1,1J,a
sam1-1
Bb
npBAI-1
nBBI-151 crpa-
Ha Cs.
Cow11.
0rHOC!-1renHo npto,Ha3Ha4eH!-1eTo Ha crpa,o,:na Cb r::>pH;na M::>3a!-1Ka Mome Cb
ronB:"'a
si:;po-
e cnym1-1na 3a U,bpKaa. KbMb TOBa 3aKnt04eH!-1e B:::l,IJ,l-1 He ca;vro o6cTo>~
51THOCTb )J,a ce np:.1e:"!e, 48
TencTBOTO,
no-KbCHO e 61-1na
Bbpxy He51
Cbo6pameHI-151. TaKa
Hanp.
)J,BaTa
3ana,IJ,Hl-1
nocTpoeHa Cs. Co1-151,

napanenHI-1
npOCTpaHCTBO, KOeTO 61-1 ce 0051CHI-1nO OTnl-14HO

Bb anC!-1,1J,aTa Ha Cs. Co1-151
cTap!-151
nO,IJ,b
4e
M. nO,IJ,b
(rn. Ta6n. IX)
KaTO
31-1A:'l
1-1
npB,O,JJ,Bep!-1e
Q,
HaM!-1paMe e,IJ,/IHb l-13Bl-1Tb 31-1Ab
HO TaKa
C...W.O 1-1 Apyrl-1 Hi:.Kol-1
33Tsap51Tb
e,IJ,HO npOAbnrosaTo
Ha U,bpKBaTa. 0Tb Apyra
KOi1To
61-1
MOrbnb
MHOro
CTpaHa
A06pi:;
,IJ,a
6...)J,e 4aCTb OTb anCI-1,1J,3Ta Ha Ta3/l no-CTapa U,bpKB:'l. no-ronBMa CHrypHOCTb Bb TOBa OTHOWeH!-1e w,e
A06!-1eMb, aKo HBKora ce Cb60p1-1 TypcK!-151Tb 31-1Ab nO,IJ,b TPI-1YManHaTa apKa, Cb
Bb3MO)f{H0CTb )J,a Ce l-13CnB)J,Ba ll0-)J,06pi:; Ta3!-1 4aCTb Ha
KOeTo w.e ce na,IJ,e
U,bpKBaTa.
Bcl-14Kl-1 31-1AOBe, 3a KOI-1TO crasa AYMa TYKb, C... rpa,!J,eH!-1 no e,IJ,l-1Hb 1-1 C...W.l-1 Ha4!-1Hb OTb TpoweH!-1 KaMbHI-1 1-1 xopocaHb, HanpaseHb
ABB MBcra (Bb 3l-1,1J,OBert

apKa HaXO,IJ,51W,aTa
M)
ce Ha TOBa
caMo orb sapb 1-1 nBCbKb.
Tyxn1-1 C... ynoTpt6eH!-1 caMo Ha
1-1 TO Ta;vrb, ABTO 31-1,1J,bTb e Tpi:;6sano )J,a
MBCTO
no-crapa
3acso,IJ,eHa
npi:;xsbpn!-1
Bb
Bl-1,1J,b Ha
rpo6H1-1u,a. TyxnHTB C... OTb C...W.l-151 Bl-1Ab
KaKTO TB31-1, ynoTpi:;6eH!-1 np1-1 nocTpoi1KaTa Ha Cs. Co1-151. KaTo ce !-1Ma npBAb Bl-1,1J,b, 4e OCHOBI-1TB Ha
Ta3!-1 nocnt,IJ,H51Ta C... npaseH!-1 Tome Bb no-roni:;MaTa Cl-1 YaCTb OTb KaMbHI-1, a ropH51Ta nocTpoi1Ka OTb
TyXnl-1
(rn. CTp.
13 ),
TO
Cb ronBMa
BBp051THOCTb
MOmeMb )J,a np!-1eMeMb
rpa)J,emb 1-1 np1-1 crpa,!J,aTa Cb ropH51Ta M03al-1Ka. ,1J,e6en1-1Hara Ha

BCBK...AB e,IJ,HaKBa 1-1 ,1J,OCT1-1ra
65-75
CM. CaMo 31-1,1J,bTb
npaseHb Ha )J,Ba n...Tl-1 OTb ,IJ,Ba np1-1nBnHan1-1
75,
a Apyrl-151Tb
45
pa3Hl-1TB
aHanOr!-14eHb
Ha4!-1Hb Ha
31-1AOBe C...W.O e no4n1 Ha-
l-1Ma no-roni:;Ma ,IJ,e6en!-1Ha, o6a4e Toi1 e Ha-
e,IJ,l-1Hb AO Apyrb 31-1,1J,OBe, OTb KOI-1TO e,IJ,l-1Hl-151Tb e ,IJ,e6enb
CM.
Hai1-nocni:; ocTasa ,IJ,a 3a6i:;ni:;ml-1Mb, 4e noHe cna6o npBACTasneH!-1e 3a B...TpBwHaTa

Ha Ta3!-1 u,bpKsa Hl-1 )J,aBaTb HBKOI-1 Mp51MOpHK parMeHTI-1, OTKPI-1Tl-1 np1-1 pa3KOnKI-1TB.
TBXb e parMeHTb OTb paHHOB!-13aHTI-1i1CKI-1 KOp1-1HTCKI-1 Kan!-1Tenb Cb c1-1nHo
aKaHTOBI-1 nl-1CTa, 04yKaHb OTb BCI-14Kl-1 CTpaH!-1 (o6p. 38
pOKb 1-1 )J,e6enb no OKOnO
BTop!-151Tb parMeHTb
CTbn6oseri:; OTb
18
3aocTpeH!-1 1-1 no,IJ,,J,bn6aH!-1
ct>parMeHTbTb e
Bl-1COKb cera 27 CM., Wl-1-
CM. ,lJ,HaMeTbpbTb MY nbpBOHa4ilnHO He w,e )J,a e Ha)J,Ml-1HaBanb
(o6p. 38
CTbnOb, ,IJ,e6enb OKOnO

Cb
16
a ).
yKpaca
EA1-1Hl-151Tb OTb
6 ),
Bl-1COKb 22 CM.,
CM. KaKTO
Mp51MOpHaTa
n:::>
npo!-13XOm)J,a
OTb
opHaMeHT!-1paHb
18
CM.
4eTBbpT1-1Tb
pa3MBp1-1, TaKa 1-1 no OpHaMeHTa, TOi1 ce CXOmJJ,a HanbnHO
npi:;rpaAa
npBAb anrap51
Ha
crapara
6a31-1n1-1Ka
Bb X1-1capcKaTa
Kptnocrb. 1) Hai1-nocni:; HaMBp!-1 ce 1-1 e,IJ,HO ManKo nap4e OTb Mp51MOpHa KonoHa. Bcl-14Kl-1 TB31-1 parMeHTI-1, OTKPI-1Tl-1 Bb HaC!-1n:'l nO,IJ,b crap:-151 nO,IJ,b Ha Cs. Co/171, HBMaTb Hl-1W.O
o6w,e> Cb Ta3!-1 nocnBA-
H51Ta. Ti:; He Morarb TaKa c...w,o )J,a np0113XOmJJ,aTb 1-1 OTb Hai1-cTapaTa ManKa U,bpKBHu,a, 4HHTO He3HamTenHI-1 pa3:-tBp:1, KaKTO w.e Bl-1JJ,!-1;vrb, H3Kni04BaTb nO)J,OOHa B...TpBwHa
H36poeHHTB TYKb parMeHTH Tpi:;6sa ,IJ,a ce np1-1n11waTb Ha
apxHTeKTypa.
u,bpKBaTa Cb ropHH51
K051TO, aKo ce C...JJ,l-1 no TB31-1 parMeHTH, TpB63a ,IJ,a e l-1Mana TPH
CnB)J,OBaTenHo
M03aH4eHb
1<0pa6a, pa3,1J,BneH!-1 Cb )J,Ba
')ln. 6. ct>HnOBb BbVI3stcTH5!Ha 6bnr.apxeon. npy}f{. II, 1911,137.
nO,IJ,b,
peAa
53
OCTaTbUH OTb UbpKBaTa Cb ropHHSI Mo3aH'leHb no.ub
= =====------- I<OJ10HY1. no nnaHa Cl-1, Bb cpaBHeHY!e Cb OTKpY1TY1T"E .D.OCera y HaCb

masana s-Epo51THO Ha~MHoro .o.o XHcapo<aTa
U,bpi<BYI , T51 w,e .o.a ce e np1-16J1Y1
1
6a3YIJ1Y!Ka. )
HeKa cera pa3rne.o.aMe no-no.o.po6Ho caMYI51 M03aYI4eHb no.o.b (Ta6n . XV-XVII Yl XVIII
43),
e HanpaseHb no Ci"i',W,I-151 Ha41-1Hb, KaKTO cTapY151Tb no.D.b Ha Cs. Cocp1151 (rn. CTp.
2).
Toi1
YIMeHHO Hai1-
Hanp"E.D.b YI.D.e nnacTb OTb p-EYHYI KaMbHH 6e3b xopocaHb. Bbpxy Hero cn-E.o.sa .o.pyro nnacTb (.o.e6e11b
01<0110
15
CM.) OTb xopocaHb
Cb
YyKaHYI
KepaMH.D.I-1
Y111YI 1YX11YI,
Bb
I<O~TO nnaCTb
Ci"i',
3aJ10BeHY1 Yl
KaMb4eTaTa Ha M03aY!KaTa. T"E3YI noc11"EAHYIT"E Y!MaTb cpopMaTa Ha ManJ<YI HenpaBYI11HYI Ky64eTa, 3arna-
15
.o.eHYI Yl non1-1paHY1 caMO Ha nHu,eTo, 4YI51TO CTpaHa M"EpYI cp-E.o.Ho
.o.o
CM . Bb M03aYIKaTa ce cp-Ew,aTb
Cll"EAHYIT"E U,B"ETOBe: 6"E11b, 4epseHb, WOI<011aTeHb, 3eneHb , H<bJlTb Y1 CYIHJ<aBOCYIBb, Cb pa3HYI OT"EHbli,YI.
BcY14KYI KaMb4eTa, cnope.o.b Cbo6w,eHHe Ha r-Ha
(i"l',
P.
nonosb, J<OHTO HMa mo6e3HOCTbTa .o.a m
Yl3nY!Ta,
OTb M"ECTHO npOY13XOH<.D.eHHe Yl ce cp-Ew,aTb 61-1110 Bb BYITOWa, 6H110 Bb ni011YIHb-n11aHHHa. 6-E11HT-E
II
06p. 38.
ApxvtTeKTYPHH cpparMeHn1 OTb no-CTapara UbpKsa.
Ci"i', OTb CY1TH03bpHeCTb Mp51MOpb, OT4aCTYI Cb CYIBYI

WOI<011aTeHYIT"E OTb .o.pe6H03bpHeCTb
oapOBY!Tb
n"ETHa.
4epseHYIT"E
ni:;Cb4HY11<b
H OTb
OTb
(i"l',
.o.pyro
H<e11"E3eHb J<BapU,b,
no-cna6b
e.o.p03bpHeCTb
n"ECb4HY11<b; H<b11TY1T"E OT4aCTY1 OTb C11a6b e.o.p03bpHeCTb n"ECb4HY11<b, OT4aCTYI OTb J<Bapu,YITb (Cb noCB"ETb11b U,B"ETb); CHHKaBO -CHBYIT"E OTb .D.OllOMHTb
Yl
HaH-nOCll"E
3eJ1eHHT"E
OTb
aH.D.e3HTHa CKaJla
(Cb
n0 51CeHb Yl nO-TbMeHb U,B"ETb).

Mo3aY!J<aTa np-E.o.CTaB51 r.OYTYI YI3KJ1104HTellHO reoMeTpH'--ieCKI-1 cjmrypYI. E.o.Ha .D.bnra
35 eM.,
WHpOKa
OTb CB051 CTpaHa

paHO
no
nneTeHHU,a,
pa3.o."En51 u,-EnaTa M03al-1Ka OTb YI3TOKb KbMb 3ana.o.b Ha .o.s-E nonOBYIHYI. T"E3YI nonoBHHYI
(i"l',
oco6eHb
no.o.pa3.o."EneHY1 no Ha H"EI<OJli<O noneTa,
Ha4J.1Hb, 1b~ w,oTo
YIMaTb Ci"i',W,aTa opHaMeHTYIKa. B-Epo51THO
Bb
u,-EnaTa
M03ai1Ka
BC"EKO
He
e.o.HO
OTb
cp-Ew,aMe
I<OHTO e
.o.s-E
OpHaMeHTYI-
noneTa,
KOYITO
.o.a
npYI HanpasaTa Ha no.o.a Ci"i', pa6on111Y1 Ci"i',w,esp-EMeHHO H-E-
KOJlKO AYWYI, Ha BC"EI<YI {'.!J.l-1Hb OTb I<OYITO e 611110 Bb3JlOH<eHO ll3nbl1HeHHeTO Ha YI3B"ECTHa 4aCTb OTb
Hero. Cb TOBa ce o651CH51Ba Yl ron-EMoTo
pa3Hoo6pa3Yie Ha opHaMeHTHKaTa , KaKTO
Yl
He~HaTa caMo-
CT051TenHocTb Bb OT.D.-tllHHT-E noneTa. Bc-EKo e.o.Ho OTb T"E3YI nocn-t.o.HHT-E np-E.o.CTaB51 Bb ce6e CH H-Ew,o
u,-Eno, 3asbpweHo, 6e3b HYIKaKbBb orne.o.b KbMb opHaMeHTYITh Ha CbC-t.D.HYIT"E 4aCTYI.
xapaKTepbTb Ha pa6oTaTa e nO'-lTH Hasc-EKi"i',.O.-t e.o.HaKbBb -
Bbnp"EKH Tosa
H-Ew,o, Koero rosopYI 3a e.o.Hosp-EMeHHO
1) 6. <PHnOBb, UHT. M. CTp. 125-145. Ta3H 6a3HnHKa naTHpa s-tpOS!THO owe OTb V s-tKb.
.~
,;
I
l
'
54
no-crapH crpanH Ha Mi;CTOTO Ha Cs. CoHSI
l-13nbnHeHI-1e Ha BCI-141<1-1 4acm. CaMo AB-5 nap4eTa npaB51Tb l-13K!lf04eHI-1e. EAHOTO (Ta6n.
XVIII 2), KOeTo
Ce HaMV!pa Bb fO>t<HOTO Kpl-1!10 Ha Hanpi;4HJ.151 1<0pa6b, Ce OTJlJ.14aBa no CBOeTO He6p-5>t<HO J.13nbnHeHI-1e

J.1 nO ront.MaTa He51CHOCTb Ha ptiCYHI<aTa, BCJ11:.,1J,CTBJ.1e Ha I<OeTO Ha H-5KOJ.1
M-5CTa, Hanp. np!-1 eM6ne-
MJ.1T-5 Bb I<BaApaTVITE, He BV!Harl-1 MO>t<e ,IJ,a ce n03Hae, Kai<BO e VICI<a!lb ,IJ,a
np-5ACTaBJ.1
MaHCTOpbTb.
BTopoTo nap4e e TOBa, KOeTo ce HaMV!pa KaTo nocn-BAHe Ha 3ana,IJ,HJ.151 Kpali Ha M03aJ.1KaTa (Ta6n.
XVII 6).
To npas1-1 sne4aTneHI-1e np-BAI-1 BCI-141<0 Cb Tosa, 4e Bb Hero np-Bo6na,IJ,aBaTb
oco6Ho
6-BnaTa, a TaKa ClKWO np-5o6na,IJ,aBaTb
J.1
paCTJ.1TeflHJ.1
OpHaMeHTI-1,
cs-BTnVIT-5
I<OVITO H-BI<ai<Cl-1
601-1,
He
nO,IJ,XO>t<,IJ,aTb
KbMb ocTaHanaTa opHaMeHTVII<a. D,an1-1 TI31-1 pa3Jll-141-151 we Tp-56sa Aa ce o651CH51Tb Cb Tosa, 4e BbnpOCHVITi; nap4eTa ClK npaseHI-1 np"53b Apyro spt.Me, 1-1!11-1 4e T-5 ClK l-13n-B3nl-1 OTb plKKaTa Ha MalicTopl-1,
np1-1Ha,IJ,Jle>t<aW,J.1 Ha Apyra , WI<OJla"
nO!lO>t<J.1TefleHb
OTrOBOpb
Ha
T03J.1
BbnpOCb He MO>t<e ,IJ,a ce
AaAe . Ha sc-BKI-1 cny4al1 3acny>t<asa Aa ce oT6-Bn-B>t<l-1, 4e 1-1 ~st.Tt nap4eTa ClK TBbpn.-5 ManKI-1, HaMYIpaTb Ce Bb 1<pa51 Ha M03aYII<aTa
Y1
ClK OTKlKCHaTI-1 OTb
He51
4p"53b
pa3pyweHJ.1T-5
4aCTYI,
Tbf:i
W,OTO
npYI Tai<YISa ycnOBI-151 61-1 6YIJ10 pYICKOBaHO ,IJ,a ce npaB51Tb H-BI<aKBYI 3aKJlf04eHYI51. 3a HaCb e iJ,OCTaTb'lHO
,IJ,a I<OHCTaTYipaMe, 4e, Cb J.131<Jlf04eHYie Ha T-531-1 He3Ha4YITeflHYI 4aCTYI, u,t.naTa OCTaHana M03aYIKa npaBYI
sn e 4aTneHYie Ha e,IJ,HOpOAHa 1-1 e,IJ,HOsp-BMeHHa pa6oTa.
lJ,s-5THJ.1T-5 penpOAYI<Ll,IH1, I<OVITO ,IJ,aBaMe OTb BCI-141<11 4aCTYI Ha M03aYII<aTa,
noApo5HOTO 1-1Mb onYicaH~--te (rn. Ta6n.
Ta6n .
nYICTh
(naKb
TaMb),
sa3YIT-B
YI3JlYIWHO
XVI, XVII 1-1 XVIII 2). UJ,e ce orpaHYI41-1Mb caMo Aa ~--t3TbKHeMb
HE~OYI xapaKTepHYI MOTYIBYI, KaTO Hanp. nneTeHYiu,aTa (Ta6n. XVI 1 1-1

HOBI-151
npaB51Tb
(Ta6n.
2),
aMa30HCKYI51 W.YITb 1-1 6pbWJ151
XVI 2) 1-1 pa3H0:>6pa3HYIT-B
reoMeTp1-14eCKJ.1
cp:--~ryp1-1
Ha
XVII 1. BcYI4KYI T-B3YI MOTYIBYI ce cpt.w,aTb 4eCTO Bb KbCHOpYIMCKaTa opHaMeHTV!Ka. Heo6YIKHOBeHo
sne4aTneHYie npasYI caMo ABOi1HaTa 6paAaa (Ta6n.

np-B.o,cTaBYI T031-1 np-BAMeTb. Orb
KbCHOpYIMCI<OTo
XVIII 2), a1<o MaHCTOpbTb Ha~--tcTYIHa e

YI3KYCTBO He MYI e J.13s-BcTeHb Apyrb
~--tCKanb A1
cny4af:i,
A-BTo
Ta3J.1 6pa,IJ,Ba, TbH xapaKTepHa 3a MYII<eHCKOTO YI3KYCTBO, ,IJ,a Ce cpi:,w,a KaTO 06YII<HOBeHb OpHaMeHTb.
i-1 300W.O B3eTO OpHaMeHTJ.11<aTa Ha M03dYII<aTa n04Y!Ba BCeU,-5!10 Ha aHTI-14HYI Tpa,IJ,YIU,YIYI.
Aa ce 3aHYIMaeMb Cb HeliHaTa iJ."lTa, w.e Tp-56sa Aa ce 3ano3HaeMb 1-1
'
Cb
ne>t<aw,ara
npt.Aiil o6a4e
nOAb
He51 no-
CTapa M03aYIKa.
D,OnHVI$lTb M03f\I-14EHb nOD.b 6t oTKPYITb Ha Abn6o41-1Ha

Hflt1 o~<ono
TOH
1 M. nOAb
cTap:.-~51 nOiJ.b H1 u,bp :~s:na Cs . CoiJ:.-~51 .
3ana3eHb u,-Bnb (rn. Ta6n.
(b
o:on:> 4') eM. noJJ,b ropHYI51l)
H3K!lf04eH:.-te
Ha
ManKH nosp-BAI-1,
XIX), 6narow1peHYie Ha KOeTo MO>t<e Aa ce Bb3CTaHOBYI
1-1 nnaHbTb
Ha crpaAaTa, KbMb K051TO e npYIHa.IJ,ne>t<anb. Ct.sepHaTa, 3anao,HaTa 1-1 fO>t<HaTa CT-5HYI Ha Ta3YI crpaAa
ClK 3ana3eHI-1 Bb ccHosaTa Cl-1 (Ta6n.
IX K, L 1-1 0); T-5 cn-BABaTb 04epTaHJ.151Ta Ha M03oYIKaTa, K051TO
3aBbpwsa AO T"5Xb Cb Henp-BKlKCHaTa nneTeHYiu,a, o6pa3ysaw.a H-Bwo KaTo paMKa Ha u,-EnaTa M03aYIKa,
KaTO 3aTBap51Tb no T03YI Ha4HHb e,IJ,HO npO,IJ,'l,JlfOBaTO npOCTpaHCTBO Cb
HanpasneH~--te
3ana,IJ,b, WV!pOKO 4"65 M. nY!nCBa caMO I-13T04HaTa CT-EHa. Bb TOBa HanpasneHJ.1e
OTb H3TOIt<asa 1-1 nOAb TypcKaTa cT-EHa, K051TO 3aTBap51 Tp~--tyMcpanHaTa apKa. Bb caMaTa anc~--t,IJ,a np1-1 nocn-EAH~--tT-E
pa3I<Oni<J.1 He Ce HaM-5p~--txa cni;,IJ,l-1 OTb He51. 06a4e npl-1 pa3KOni<HTi;, I<OVITO e npaBHJlb Ha T0Ba
M-EcTo r. Ao6pycKH np-E3b 1893 ro,IJ,., 6~--tno e omp1-1TO e,IJ,HO ron-EMo nony~<plKrno nap4e M03aHKa, KOeTO
e 6~--tno J.13Ba,IJ,eHo u,i;no 1-1 np-EHeceHo Bb HapOAHI-151 My3ei1 (Ta6n.
XVIII 1 1-1 o6p. 35). MaKapb 4e 3a T-E3H
pa3I<Oni<J.1, Kai<TO B~4e Ka~aXMe; JlHnCBa Kal<bBTO J.1 ,IJ,a 6!-1!10 OT4eTb, OTb I<OHTO ,IJ,a ce BY!,IJ,l-1 T04HO Ha
Koe M-ECTo 1-1 Ha 1<a1<sa
Abll604HHa e 61-1no HaM-EpeHo Tosa nap4e, see naKb MO>t<e Aa ce ycTaHOBH ,
4e TO e CbCTaB51JlO npOiJ.bll>t<eHHe OTb HdWI-151

eAHaKBI-151 x1pa1<Tepb Ha opHaMeHTHKara,
iJ.O!leHb M03aH4eHb nO,IJ,b. Tosa Hi;w,o Ce
e,IJ,HaKsal-a
ron-EM~--tHa Ha KaMb4eTaTa
BH>t<,IJ,a OTb
1-1 e,IJ,HaKsaTa
wV~po-
4~--tHa Ha nneTeH~--tu,aTa, K051TO o51-1Ka!l51 1-1 AB-ET-E 41CTJ.1. He3aBHCHMO OTb Toaa, orb e,IJ,Ha cpoTorpacp!-151,
CHeTa Bb sp-EMe Ha pa3KOni<J.1Tt Ha r . Ao5?YCKJ.1, K051TO cera ce na3H Bb HapoAHI-151 My3el1 (o6p. 35),
1) llbn6o'"HHara KbMb H3TOIil. 6HnH no-
craseHH owe orHa'"ano napanenHo enHHb KbMb npyr11,

HnH nbtt<)J,a, ye BbnpocHoro
napYe,
o6b?Haro Cb nonyt<p~Krnara
CH
YaCTb
KbMb
HJTOKb, e ne>t<ano
TOYHO Ha HJTOIt<Hara cri;Ha Ha anCH)J,ara Ha Cs. CoH51 . Cb ApyrH
AYMH TO Ce e HaMHpano Tbi<MO Ha Mi;CTOTO, )J,i;TO 6HXMe 0'-laKBanH npO)J,bfl>HeHHeTO Ha )J,OflH51Ta MOJaH.K a.
8b3b OCHOBa Ha ri;JH <fJaKTH H Cb06pa>t<eHH51 MO>HeMb Cb
HOBHMb
nnaHa
Ha crpa)J,aTa,
e HanpaseHo Bb o6p.
roni;Ma
si;p051THOCTb )J,a BbJCTa-
l<bMb 1<051TO e npHHa)J,ne>t<anb )J,OflHH51Tb MOJaHYeHb nO)J,b, Kai<TO TOBa
39. nonyKp~Kmara ancHAa noKaJBa, ye 1-1 Bb ro3H cnyYai1 HHe HMaMe pa6ora
4'65 M. WHpOYHHa Ha 1010 M. )J,bfl>HHHa Jae)J,HO
naKb Cb e)J,Ha U,bp!<Ba Cb TBbp)J,B CKpOMHH paJMi;pH:
Cb anCH)J,3Ta. Cb ApyrH AYMH U.bpKB3Ta e 61-1na OTb THna
Ha
Tb::1
HapeYeHara
basilica
cimiterialis,
1<051TO HaMHpaMe Bb CTapoxpHCTH51HCI<HTB rpo6Hw,a H K051TO ce OTflH'-laBa no CbBCtMb CKpOMHHTi; CH

pa3MBpH. 1) Ocsi;Hb Bb PHMb, ManKH u,bpKBHU.H HnH no-npaso KanenH OTb
T03H THnb, )J,bflrH )J,O
10
M.
H WHpOKH
OTb
6-10
npi;A11 Hi;KonKo ro)J,"'HH 1-1 Bb crapoxp11CT1151HCKI1Ti;

np11 CanoHa Bb
,lJ,anMaU,l151. ~)
U,HMHTep11anHa ,
ce BH>t<Aa orb
CTH51HCKH51 HeKpononb np11
4e HaHCTI1Ha 11
M., CIK 6HnH OT!<p11TH

rpo611w,a Monasterine
Hawara
u,bpKB11U,a e 611na
nono>t<eHHero H Bb u,eHrbpa Ha crapoxp11-
Cs. Co1-151, Ja KOHTO w,e rosop11Mb
Bb cni;A-
H51Ta masa.
CnH11ri; Ha raJI1 u,bpKBHu,a
CJK Ae6en11
caMo
55
eM. 1-1
CJK
rpa-
AeHI1, )J,OI<Ofli<OTO 6t Bb3MO>HHO )J,a ce KOHCTaTHpa, Bb OCHOBI1T-b CH CaMO

OTb KaMbHH Cb xopocaHb, I<OHTO Cb)J,bp>t<a rpoweHH Ha )J,pe6HO KepaMH)J,H.
npH ci;[lepHI-151
31-'!)J,b (Ha ra6n.
IX np11 0) Ha)J,b KaMeHHaTa OCHOBa
CJK
Jana3eHH H pe)J,b roni;Ml1 YeTBbpTHTI1 ryxn11, nO)J,06HH Ha ri;311, OTb I<OHTO

e rpaAeHa (B . Co1-151. Cnope)J,b rosa 113rne>t<)J,a,
Ye CJKW,O 11 np11 Mam<ara
u,bpKBHu,a ropH51Ta nocrpoi1Ka e 611na CbrpaAeHa OTb ryxnH.

MoJC:\.11'-lHI151Tb nOAb Ha raJH U.bpKBHU,a e HanpaBeHb no CJKW,H51 Ha'-lHHb,
Kai<TO 11 ne>t<aW,H51Tb Bbpxy Hero nO-I<bCeHb nO)J,b, I<OHTO OnHCaXMe
no-ropi; (crp.
53). CaMara MOJaHKa o6aYe ce pa3nHYaBa JHaYHTenHo OTb
ropH51Ta KaKTO
11MaTb CIKW,l1TB
11Mb CJK
no opHaMeHTI1Kara cH, TaKa 11 no 113pa6or1<a. KaMbYerara

u,si;rose 11 CIK
OTb CJKW,I-151
MaTepHanb,
JHaYHTenHo no-ManKH 1-1 AOCTI1rarb caMo oKono
JeneHH Ky6YeTa H TBbp)J,i;
pi;)J,KO >HbflTI1
11Jrne>t<)J,a, ye ri;311 Ky6Yera
HO
06p. 39. - nnaHb Ha Hail-eTa"

paTa UbpKBa Ha MtCTOTO
Ha Cs. Cocjm11.
pa3Mi;p11Ti;
KB. eM. Ha Hi;KOH Mi;cra CJK ynorpi;6eHH
H CHHI1 He Be'-le
OTb KaMbl<b, a
OTb CTbl<flO. BnpOYeMb

CJK nocraB51HH ornocni;, npH nonpasKa Ha M03aHKara. 3)
Bb )J,OnH51Ta M03av.Ka ce or)J,i;n51Tb 51CHO rp11 YaCTH, pa3nl1YHH He caMo no opHaMeHTI1Ka,

CHrypHo 11 no spi;Me.
3ana)J,Hara Yacrb
(AOnH51Ta
nnereHHu,a, H3rne>KAa Aa 6JK)J,e Hai1-crapa. T51 e
nonoBHHa Ha ra6n.
paJ)J,i;neHa
I<OHTO e OpHaMeHT11paHO no OC06eHb HaYHHb, Kai<TO
HO
XIX), o6rpaAeHa Cb JeneHa
Ha Hi;KonKo nonera, sci;Ko e)J,HO OTb
6i; cnyYa51Tb 11 npH ropH51Ta M03al1Ka . 06aye
ryKb, HapeAb Cb reoMerpHYeCKHTE 11ryp11, e Jacr~KneHa 11 paCTHTenHara opHaMeHTHKa, K051TO e CHnHO

CTHfll1311paHa. Bb KB3Apara npH tOro -JanaAHH51JKrbnb Ha MOJaHKara, paJpyweHb Ja }l{anocrb Ha nonoBI1Ha
OTb KynonHH51
nHnacrbpb Ha Cs.
KnOHYera, KbnBaTb
Cocp1151,
CJK npi;AcTaBeHI1 Aa>He ABi; nTI1U.H,
nnoAOJe. Bb pHcyHKara
Ha
opHaMeHTI1Ti;
npo311pa
KOI1TO,
1<au,Han11 Ha
HasctK~KAt )J,Ocra
roni>Ma
He6pi;>t<HOCTb. Oco6Ho ce xsbpn51 13b 0'-111 113KpHB51BaHero Ha rpvni; rnaBHI1 nonera Bb ra311 YaCTb Ha
1) Cp . F. X. Kraus, Geschichte der christlichen
Kunst I, f reiburg i. Br. 1896, CTp. 261-264; J o s. N e uw i rt h, Die Baukunst des Mittelalters (Geschichte der
Baukunst von Borrmann und Neuwirth TOMb II),
Leipzig 1904, crp . 8 en .; H. Leclercq, Manuel d'archeologie chretienne I, Paris 1907, CTp. 330 - 334.
2) rn . L ec I ercq, Manuel d'archeologie chretienne
I 326 -330 Cb o6p . 99 H 100 , n:ETO Ha CTp. 326 3a6. 5 e
UHfHpaHa H no-ciap:Ha JJHTeparypa, no -rontMara YaCTb
OTb K051TO He Ce HaMHpa Bb COcjJHHCKHrt 6H6JJHOTeKH.
n) nono6HH Ky6YeTa (oKono 50 eK3eMnn51pa) ce

HaMtpH Xa pa3XBbp!151HH H Bb HaCHna Me)f{llY llBtli;
M03aHKH. 3acny)f{aBa owe na ce oT6tnt)f{H , Ye Bb 10)1{Horo omt.neHHe Ha Hanpt.YHH51 Kopa6b, HapaBHO Cb
nbpBoHa'laJJHH51 nonb Ha Cs. Cocj:>HII, ce HaMt.pH H enHo
YepHO CTbK!IeHO Ky6Ye Cb 3JJarHa noBpbXHOCTb, KaKBHTO
C/il. 6H!IH ynoTpt.651BaHH 06HKHOBeHO Bb CTi>HHHTt. M03aHKH . 6b3b OCHOBa Ha Ta3H CbBci>Mb H30!11-1paHa HaXOllKa He 6H 6HnO nonyCTHMO na Ce npaBH KaKBOTO H
na 6Hno npt.nn onmf<eHHe.
--
56
no-crapH crpauH Ha
Ha Cs. Cocpm!
M-tCTOTO
====-----~ ~-~-~~~c=-------~
M03aVIKaTa, KOVITO VIMaTb cpopMaTa
Ha
i-'bo6w.o Vl3rnem,IJ,a, Ye M03aVIKara He e
npO,!J,bnroBaTVI,
6VIna
Ha T"ECHVITi:.
npaBeHa no
CVI
CTpaHVI
npt.ABapVIrenHo
3aKpJKrneHVI
UJ,VITOBe.
npVIrorBeHa CKVIIJ.a,
HO
Cb3)J,aBaHa OTb Mat1CTOpV1Ti:. Bb MOMeHTa H:'l pa60TaTa. (b TOBa Ce 0651CH51BaTb MHOrO OTb OC06HOCTVITt.
Bb Vl3nbnHeHVIero, KOVITO necHo 6VIxa MornVI
)J,a
MVIHaTb
3a
He,IJ,OCTaTbiJ.VI.
TaKa
Hanp. Ht.KOVI
JlVIHVIVI,
3an04HaTVI Bb e)J,HO HanpaBJleHVIe, He04aKBaHO Ce OTKJ10H51BaTb OTb eCTeCTBeHVI51 CVI nJKTb, KaTO 3aBVIBaTb
CbBCi:.Mb Ha Apyra CTpaHa VI Cb TOBa )J,aBaTb KpVIBb Vl3rne)J,b Ha IJ,i:.JlaTa cpVIrypa.
npVI
Hape>t<)J,aHeTO
Ha IJ,Bi:.TOBeTt. Bb e)J,VIHb VI CJKW,VI OpHaMeHTb, KOiho Ce nOBTap51 Ha Hi:.KOnKO Mi:.CTa, He e Cb6niO)J,aBaHb

HVIKaKbBb onpt.At.neHb pe,!J,b, a CJK nocraB51HVI npocro TaKVIBa u.st.rose, KaKBVITO cJK ce nona)J,aJlVI Ha
pJKKa. Bbnpt.KVI rosa He MOH<e Aa ce OTKame, Ye A06VITVI51Tb ecpeKTb, aKo ce B3eMe M03aVIKara V13IJ.i:.Jlo,
e TBbp)J,i; CnOJly4nVIBb. 3aUJ,OTO Bb He51 JlVInCBa MaTeMaTVIYeCKVI npi:.CMi:.THaTOTO, npVIHy)J,eHOTO VI e)J,HOo6pa3HOTO. HanporVIBb Bb BCVI4KO ce 3a6t.nt.3sa 6orara VI nil9AOTBOpHa cpaHTa3VI51,
roJlt.Ma
cso6o)J,a
VI Henocpt.ACTBeHO TBOp4eCTBO.
BTOpara
YaCTb
(ropH51Ta
nnereHVIIJ,a, ce OTJ1V14aBa
Cb
nOJlOBVIHa
MHoro
Ha
no-ront.Ma
XIX),
ra611.
o6rpa)J,eHa
reoMerpV14HOCTb
Ha
OTb ABt.rt.
opHaMeHTVITt..
CTpaHVI
TyKb
Cb
CVIH51
nVIncBaTb
no-ront.MVI nnOCKOCTVI Cb CaMOCT051TenHa OpHaMeHTVIKa, KaKTO Bb nbpBaTa 4aCTb. Ll,t.JlaTa nOBpbXHOCTb

e yci:.51Ha Cb OT)J,i:.nHVI reOMeTpV14eCKVI
cpHrypKVI,
6e3b
HVIKaKBa
opraHVI4eCKa
Bpb3Ka
nOMeH<AY
VIMb.
no-roni:.MO OH<VIBJleHVIe BHaC51Tb CaMO )J,Bi:.TE Ba3VI, OTb KOVITO o6a4e He VI3XOH<)J,aTb HVIKaKBVI IJ,Bi:.T51. no
BCVI4KO J1V14VI, 4e Ta3VI 4aCTb e npaBeHa nO-KbCHO OTb nbpBaTa. npVI TOBa, 3a )J,a Ce nonpoBVI rpi:.WKaTa,
npE)J,VI3BVIKaHa
OTb
V13KpVIB51BaHeTO
Ha
OpHaMeHTVITt.
Bb
nbpBaTa
YaCTb,
nO cpi:.,[J,aTa
BMbKHaTb
e)J,VIHb rOJli:.Mb }l{bnTb KnVIHb, KOt1TO pi:.3KO OT,IJ,i:.n51 ,IJ,Bi:.Tt. 4aCTVI.

Hat1-nocnt. rpeT51Ta YaCTb orb M03aVIKara e ra3VI, K051TO ce e HaMVIpaila Bb anCVI)J,ara (ra611.
VI o6p.
35). no opHaMeHTVIKa
XVIII 1
T51 ce npV16nVI>t<aBa naKb AO nbpB:'!Ta YaCTb, o6a4e TYKb u.t.noro npocrpaHCTBO
e V13nbnHeHO OTb e)J,Ha o6w,a KOMn03VIUVI51. MeH<AY )J,Bt. ,!J,bpBeTa, npVInVfllHVI Ha KVInapVICVI, OKOnO KOVITO
ce
ysVIBaTb
nbn351W.VI
pacreHVI51,
nTVIUVI. Ba3aTa VIMa cpopMara
Ha
ce
HaMVIpa
nOilYKbn6o,
ro11t.Ma
Ba3a
nocraseHo
Cb
Bbpxy
u.st.re,- Ha
K051TO CJK
rpVI KpaKa.
OrcrpaHVI
Kau.HaJlVI
ce
ABt.
HaMVIpaTb
APYrvt ABt. no-MaJlKVI IJ,VInVIHAPVIYeCKVI Ba3VI naKb Cb u.st.r51, Ha KOVITO CJKW.O CJK KaiJ,HaJlVI nTVIIJ.VI. Ll,t.nara
KOMn03VIIJ,VI51 e o6rpa,[J,eHa Cb nJleTeHVIIJ,a, Bb K051TO npt.06Jla)J,aBa Kacp51Bb IJ,Bi:.Tb, Bb npOTVIBOnOnOmHOCTb
Ha CVIHVI51 VI 3eneHVI51 IJ,Bi:.Tb npVI Apyrynt. )J,Bi:. nneTeHVIIJ,VI. L!aCTb OTb Jli:.BaTa crpaHa Ha Ta3VI M03ai1Ka
XVIII 1
ce e yKa3aJla pa3pyweHa npVI orKpVIBaHeTO,.H, KaKTO ce BVIm,IJ,a OTb cpaBHeHVIero Ha ra6n.

o6p.
35.
npt.AVI )J,a
6~~
Cb
npt.HeCeHa Bb HapO)J,HVI51 My3et1, T51 e 6VIJ1a BHVIMaTeJlHO pecraBpVIpaHa VI TO Cb
KaMbYera, HaMt.peHVI OKOJlO CaMara M03aVII<a, Tbt1 Ye pecraspVIpaHVITt. Mt.cra MJK4HO ce pa3no3HaBaTb.
npt.)J,VI OUJ,e )J,a 6JK)J,aTb Ol<OH4aTenHVI pa34VICTeHVI )J,Bi:.Tt. M03aVIKVI, a3b 6i:.Xb VI3Ka3anb npt.)J,nonoH<eHVIeTO, Bb3b OCHOBa Ha Ti:.XHaTa TeXHVIKa VI O?HaMeHTVIKa, 4e
no-crapara
(AOJ1H51Ta)
M03aVIKa
rpt.6sa )J,a ce )J,aTVIpa npV16nVI3VITenHo Bb spt.Mero Ha KoHcraHTVIHa BeilVIKVI (HaYaJlOTO Ha YeTBbproro

1
CTOJli:.TVIe), a ropH51Ta Bb Kpa51 Ha CJKW,OTO CTOni:.TVIe. )

nOH<eHVIe -
raHeTO Ha ropH51Ta M03aVIKa npt.3b 11t.roro
21
no-KbCHVI HaXO)J,l<VI nOTBbp)J,VIXa TOBa npi:.)J,nO-
Bb nbpBaTa MY 4aCTb HanbnHO, a Bb BTOpara Cb MHOrO ManKa MO)J,VIcpV1KaiJ,!151, npVI
1911
)J,VI-
ro,IJ,. ce HaMt.pVIxa Bb HacVIna MeH<AY ABt.rt. M03aVIKVI
Manl<VI Mi:.,IJ,HVI MOHeTVI, OT4aCTVI MHOrO )J,06pt. 3ana3eHVI, KOVITO HVI )J,aBaTb CVIrypHa XpOHOnOrVI4eCl<a
6:'13a, noHeme npbCTbTa Mem.IJ,y M03aVIKVITB He e Morna )J,a 6,'KIJ,e o6pbw,aHa ornocnt. VI cnt.AoBaTeJlHO e
ocraHana 3ana3eHa KaKTO orb no-paHWHVI, TaKa VI OTb nO-KbCHVI npVIMt.cVI. Tt.3VI MOHeTVI CJK cnt.AHVITt.:
n VI U VI H VI
(308-324
rO,!J,.).
1. IMPCVALLICINLICINIVSPFAVG. tJlaBa Ha nVIIJ.VIHV151 Cb ,IJ,VIa,IJ,eMa Ha)J,eCHO.

On.
IOVICONS ERVATORI. !OnVIrepb ronb, npaBb, Hant.so, MaHTVI51ra
paMo, Bb )J,ecHara
1)
CVI
pJKKa
Abp>t<VI
8VIxropV151
Bbpxy
Jahrbuch des deutschen archaol. lnstituts XXVI, 1911, Flnzeiger 361.
rno6ycb,
Cb
Bbpxy
nt.sara
nt.soro
ce
MY
onVIpa
--
57
MoHen1 HaM-EpeHH Me}f{ny M03aHKHT-E
Ha Abnbrb Cl<l-inTbpb; Bb ntso nptAb Hero openo Cb stHeU,b Bb '-IOBI<aTa.

OTneCHO N H S e.[I.HO Bbpxy Apyro, a Bb 0Tpt3a OTAOnt SMNr. eJ:<3eMnn51pb. H. Cohen, Description historique
3ana3eHb
Bb noneTo
,[],HaM. 25 MM. 0TnH'-IHO
des monnaies frappees sous
!'empire romain VII 196, 70.

BaneHTHHHaHb I (364-375 ro.r:~.).
2. DNVALENTINI[AN]VSPFAVG. ,[J,panHpaHb 610CTb Ha BaneHTHHHaHa Cb AHaAeMa,
Ha.r:~ecHo.
On. [GLOR]IARO MANORVM. BaneHTHHHaHb Bb soeHHO o6nt1<no Ha.r:~ecHo, o6pbw,a rnasaTa

c1-1 Hantso H TernH 3a I<OCaTa nosaneHb Ha 3eM51Ta nnenHHKb; Bb ntsaTa p.~KKa Abp>t<H
3HaMe (labarum). Bb noneTo OTAecHo D,
Bb OTpt3a BSISC.- 19 MM . Cohen VIII 88, 12.
3. [DNVAL]ENTINI [ANVSPFAVG]. C.IKW,I-151Tb 610CTb.
On. GLORIA [ROMANORVM]. C.~KW,1151Tb THnb. Bb noneTO OTAeCHO 8, Bb oTpt3a TES.- 18 MM.
4. [DNVAL]ENTINI[ANVSPFAVG].
C.~KW,1151Tb 610CTb.
On. GLORIA [ROMANORVM]. C.~Kw,I151Tb THnb, o6a'-!e AOCTa H3Tp11Tb; MOHeTaTa OT'-IaCTH e
OT'-IyneHa. -
5.
16 MM.
C.~KW,aTa MOHeTa, o6a'-le MHOfO H3TpHTa, OC06HO Onai<OTO.
6. DNVALENTINIAi'oV]S PF AVG]. C.~KW,I151Tb 610CTb.
On. SECVRITAS RE[IPVBLI)CAE. BHKTOpH51 Cb stH2U,b 11 nanMoso KnOH'-Ie TH'-Iaw,a Hantso.

Bb noneTo omtso 3Bt'3Aa, R H 0 eAHO Bbpxy .r:~pyro,
OTAeCHO M Cb TO'-IJ:<a OTAOnt. Bb
OTpt3a rSISC.- 19 MM. 0T'-IaCTH OT'-IyneHa H TBbpAt cna6o 3ana3eHa. Cohen VIII 92, 37.
BaneHCb (364-378 ro.r:~.).
7. DNVALEN SPFAVG. ,[J,pan1-1paHb 610CTb Ha BaneHca Cb AHaAeMa, HoAeCHO.

On. SECVRITA[S] REIPVBLICAE. BI11<TOpH51 m'-law,a Hantso (.r:~ocTa H3TpHTa). Bb noneTo OT-
8.
ntso K 11 P e.r:~Ho Bbpxy.r:~pyro, Bb oTpt3a ASISC.- 18 MM. Cohen VIII 110, 47.
DNVALEN [SPFAVG 1. C.~KW,I151Tb 610CTb.
On. SECVRITAS [REIPVBLICAEJ. C.~Kw,H51Tb THnb. Bb noneTo oTntso ..l. 6yt<BHTt Bb oTpt3a
H3TpHTI1. -
r p a L.l, H a H b
16 MM.
367- 368 fO,[\.).
9. DNGRATIA NVSPFAVG. ,[l,parmpaHb 610CTb Ha (pau,I--taHa Cb AHaAeMa, 1-la.r:~ecHO.
On. CONCOR DIAAVGGG . .>t<.eHa Cb wneMb Ha rnasaTa (nepcOHHqmKaU,1151 Ha rpa.r:~a P11Mb),

ce.r:~Hana
Ha TpOHb, rnasaTa 11 o6bpHaTa Hantso, Bb ntsaTa c11
Cl<l1nTbpb, a Bb .r:~ecHaTa rno6ycb . Bb
oTpt3a CONSA. -
pi'KI<a Abp>t<H Abnbrb
19 MM. 0TnH'-IHO 3ana3eHb
eJ:<3eMnm!pb. Cohen VIII 125, 3.

BaneHTHHHaHb II (375-392 ro.r:~.).
10. DNVALENTINIANVSPFAVG. ,[J,pan11paHb 610CTb Ha BaneHTHHHaHa II (cbsctMb MnaAb) Cb

,[\Yia,[leMa, Ha,[leCHO.
On. VOT X MVL T XX Bb
Teo.r:~ocH
'-!eTI1p11 pe.r:~a, u,tnoTo Bb nasposb stHeu,b; Bb OTpt3a CONt. .
14 MM. Cohen VIII 148, 73.
I (379-395
ro.r:~.).
11. DNTHEO :DOSIVSPFA)VG. ,[J,pan11paHb 610CTb Ha Teo.r:~oc1151 I Cb A~-'~oAeMa, HaAeCHO.

On. (SALVSREIIPVBLICAE. B11l<TOp1151 TH'-Iaw,a Hantso, rnasaTa 11 o6bpHaTa Ha3aAb, sne'-le
cntAb ce6e CH 3a J<OCI1Tt na,[\Hanb Ha 3eM51Ta nneHHHI<b. 6yi<BHTt Bb 0Tpt3a He nH'-IaTb.
14 MM. ,[],acTa H3Tp11Tb eJ:<3eMnn51pb. Cohen VIII 158, 30.
12. DNTHEODO[SIVSPF]AVG. Ci'KW,H51Tb 610CTb.

On. SALV[SREIPVBLICAE]. Ci'KW1151Tb THnb, o6a'-!e no-pa3saneHb 0T'-IaCTY1 OT'-IyneHa. -14 MM.
Cs. Co<jm.
58
no -cTap11 <:rpanl1 Ha Mt.<:TOTO Ha Cs. Co<jJHil
13. DNTHEODOSIVSPFAVG . (IKW,1151Tb 610CTb.

On. VICTORIAAVGGG. B11Krop1151 Cb si;Heu,b 11 nanMa Tl14aw,a Hani;3o. Bb orpi;3a ASIS .
14 MM. ,Uo6pi; 3ana3eHb eK3eMnn51pb. Cohen VIII 159, 41.
14. DNTHEODOSIVSPFAVG. (IKW,I151Tb 610CTb.

On . [VIR]TVSAVGGG.
Teo.D,O CI1, Bb soeHHO o6ni;Kno, npaBb, Hani;so, Bb Kopa6b(?), ryp51
e.D,I1HI151 c11 KpaKb Bb?XJ na.D,Hanb Ha 3eM51Ta nneHHI1Kb; Bb .D,eCHO B11Krop1151 (?) . OnaKoro e MHoro 113rp11ro 11 o6pa311Th e.D,Ba nl14arh. Cohen
17 MM.
VIII 160, 51.
F\ p K a A 11 (395-408 ro.D,.).
15. [DNAR]CADIVSPFAV G]. ,Upan11paHb 610CTb Ha f\pKa.D,I-151 Cb .D,Ha.D,eMa, Ha.D,eCHO.

On. VOT X MVLT XX Bb 4eTI1pH pe.D,a , u,i;noro Bb naBpOBb si;HeU,b. Bb orpi;3a . . . . N. -
13 MM. Sabatier, Monnaies Byzantines I 107, 48.

16. [DNAR]CADIVSPFAVG. Ci'K W,"151Tb 610crb . OnaKoro e CbBCi;l'1b pa3saneHo, TbH Ye H11W.O He
14 MM.
ce pa3n03Hasa . 17. DNARCADIVSP[FAVG]. CIKW.H51Tb 610crb. OnaKOTO e CbBCi;Mb pa3BaneHo. - 14 MM .
18. Ocsi;Hb ri;311 eK3eMnn51p11, HaMi;p11xa ce Oll.\e 4er11p1-1, KOI1ro np11Ha.D,ne>+<aTb ciKw,o Ha
IV si;Kb, o6a4e Ci'h ronK03b 113Tp11TH, w,oro sna.D,i;ren11ri; He Morarb .D,a ce onpi;.D,i;n51Tb.
KaKTO ce BI1>H.D,a OTb TO:;! CnHCbKb, n04TI1 BCI14KI1 MOHeTI1 np11Ha.D,ne>+<aTb Ha BTOpara
nono-
BHHa Ha '-!eTBbpTHS! si;Kb . CaMo e.D,Ha orb ri;xb .D,arHpa OTb Ha'-!anoro Ha CIKW,I151 si;Kb. Karo B3eMeMb npi;.LJ.b BI1.LJ.b, '-!e TbKMO ra3~1 MOHera e MHoro .D,o6pi; 3ana3eHa 11 '-!e TS! cnB.D,OBarenHo, npi;.LJ.I1
.D,a 6IK.D.e ~onry6eHa, He e 61-1na .D,bnro spi;Me Bb o6pbw,eH11e, ro nony'-laBaMe Karo repM11Hb ante quem
3a HanpaBara Ha .D,OnHS!Ta M03ai1Ka np11 0 fli1311TenHO Kpa51 OTb u,apyBaHeTO Ha nl1li,I1HI151. Orb .D.pyra
crpaHa, noHe>+<e M03aHKara e 6Hna npi;.D,Ha3Ha'-!eHa 3a egHa UbpKBa, ro repM11HbTb post quem ce
onpi;.D,i;nS! Cb BbBe>H.D,aHeTO Ha Xp11CTH51HCTBOTO KaTO oqmu,HanHa penHrl151 B"b p11MCKaTa 11Mnep1151. no
ra311 npH'-111Ha .D,OnH51Ta M03ai1Ka rpi;6sa .D,a ce .D,ar11pa HaH-KbCHO Bb Ha'-!anoro orb
KoHCTaHTHHa BenHKH (312-337 ro.LJ.). ManKara U,bpKBa
u,apysaHero Ha
Cb .D,OflH1151 M03aH'-!eHb no.D,b (rn. crp . 55)
Mo>+<e .D,a ce C'-111Ta cni;.D,oBarenHo 33 nbpBara xp11CTI151HCKa U,bpKBa, KOS!TO e 611na H3.D,I1rHara Bb Co1151.l)
H11e BI1.D,i;xMe, '-le Me>+<AY MOHeTI1Ti;, ocsi;Hb eK3eMnn51pa Ha ni1U,11HI151, He ce cpi;w,aTb APYrH
OTb nbpBara no:l03HHa Ha '-!eTBbproro cronBrHe. Tosa e Cb3CBMb ecrecTBeHo, noHe>+<e,
npocHara
u,bpKBa ow,e e 611na
Bb
ynorpi;6eHI1e,
He
611no Bb3MO>+<HO .D,a
AO.D,i;ro Bb-
ce H3ry651Tb MHor o
napH BbpXy HeHHI-151 nO.D,b. MHoro6pOAHI1Ti; MOHeTI1 OTb BTOpara nonOBI1Ha Ha CIKW,OTO croni;r11e CIK
MornH o6a4e .D,a
nona.D,Harh Bb HaCHna Bb?XY AOnHS!Ta
u,bp!<Bara,
cni;.D,oBarenHo rpi;6 aa .D,a e craHano ow,e Bb re'-leHHe Ha '-leTBbpToro croni;r11e.
Koero
M03ai1Ka caMo cni;.D,b
pa3pyweHHero Ha
KonKoro ce orHaC51 AO ropn51Ta M03ai1Ka, ro 11 HefiHara .D,ara ce onpi;_IJ,i;nS!, 6naro.D,apeHI1e Ha

MOHeTI1Ti;, Cb roni;Ma TO'-IHOCTb. noHe>+<e HaH-KbCHHrB MOHeTI1,
HaMBpeHI1 Bb Hac11na
Me>+<.D,y .D,Bi;TB
M03aHKI1, CIK ri;3H OTb 11Mneparopa f\pKa.D,I151 (3J5---4Q3 rO.:J..), TO 51BHO e, '-!e ropHS!Ta M03ai1Ka rpi;6sa
Aa e 6Hna HanpaBeHa, aKo He ow,e Bb u,apysaHero Ha T03H 11Mneparopb, ro
noHe HaCKopo cni;.D,b
Hero, Hfll1, Cb Apyrl1 AYMI1, ow,e Bb CaMOTO Ha4ano Ha neTOTO CT0 ,1i;THe.
VbBi;CTHO e, '-!e
M03ai14HI151Tb
nO.D,b Bb T03H
BI1.D,b,
KaKTO ro HaMHpaMe
u,bpKBH Ha Mi;croro Ha Cs. Co:jJHS! (rexHH'-IeCKH51Tb H3pa3b e opus

pe.D,HO MHoro pa3npocrpaHeHb Bb p11MCKO
spi;Me.
np11
no-crap11ri;
vermiculatum), e 6Hnb H3BbH-
Has ci;K;K.LJ.i;, .D,i;ro CIK Bna.D,i;nl1
p11Mfl51HI1Ti;, orb
5pHraHI151 .LJ.O f\:jJpHKa 1-1 orb VlcnaHH51 AO C11p11S1, ce HaM11parb MHoro6po~HH no:::rpo~KI1,
611no o6-
w,ecrseHH crp3Il,H, 611no '-!aCTHI1 Ki'K ll.\'-'1, 4HHTO no.D,OBe CIK no!<pi1rH Cb M03aHKH. Heo5HKHOBeHoro p331) Tpt.6sa na <:e 3a6t.nt.ml1, Lfe UbpKB:'!Ta 611 Morna
na 6Niae <: b rpaaeHa 11 nop3HO . 1--bst.<:rHO e, 4e npt.n11
owe xp11<:TI11!H<:TBOTO na 6Nine np113Haro 3a o<P11u11anHa
pe1111r1111, Xp11CT111lHI1Tt. CHi MOrlll1 ll~ 113BbpWBaTb Ha
onpt.nt.neH11 o6wenseH11 Mt.CTa csoeTo 6oro<:nymeHI1e.
TaKHBa Mt.CTa <:" 6111111 npt.n11 BCI14KO UI1MI1Tep;.!aiiHI1ffi
UbPKBI1, nt.TO UbpKOBHaTa cnym 5a, <:Bbp3aHa Cb Kynra

Ha MbpTBI1Tt., He e <:e XBbplllllla TbH CI111HO Bb 0411. Oo He)f( e 11 HawaTa UbpKBa , KaKTO BHnt.xMe , e 61111a U11MI1Tep11a11Ha, TO Til 611 Morna na 6Niue. nonpoeHa owe
npt.Jb Tpemll st.Kb, KoraTo Bb Co<tJ1111 Tpt.6sa na e
11Ma!IO Be4e llOCTaTb4HO Xp11<:T11 1l H11 .
59
.Uara 11 xapaKrepb Hil M03aHK11rE Bb Cs. (Q(jJHS!
npoCTpaHeHVIe Ha Ta3J.1 MOAa Bb BeWIKVI enoeBe Ha
pHMeKOTO o6w,eeTBO e npWIHHVInO VI 6bp3V151 OT-
naAbKb Ha M03aVIYHOTO V13KyeTBO, KOeTO ee ebB3eMa OTHOBO VI AOeTVIra ron-5MO

TVIHeKO sp-BMe, HO He seye Karo nOAOBa, a Karo CT-5HHa M03ai-1Ka.
1
)
pa3BVITVIe Bb BVI3aH-
3aeAHO eb MHoro APYrl-1 aHTVIYHVI
rpaAVIU,VIVI, nOAOBaTa M03aVIKa e 6VIna Bb3npV1eTa VI OTb nbpBVIT-5 Xp1-1CTJ.151HVI, KOVITO Ha Aparo
Cbpu,e
CJK 5I ynorp-5651sanVI npVI yKpaeara Ha eBOVIT-5 Ha~-erapVI xpaMose. ~) 06aYe no rosa sp-BMe T51 BeYe
ee HaMVIpa Bb nbneHb OTnaAbKb
J.1
npV16nVI>KaBa eB051
Gil. CbeTaB51nVI e?Kw,eeTBeHaTa YaeTb Ha no-erapVIT-5
KpaH.
pVIMeKVI
r1rypaHIBHVIT-5 KOMn03VIli,HVI, KOVITO
M03aJ.1KJ.1, eTaBaTb
see no-p-5AKVI VI no-
p-5AKH. Cera np-Bo6naAaBaTb reoMerpVIYeeKHT-5 qmryp1-1, KOVITO e?K ce H3nbnH51BanVI MHoro no-neeHO
KaMeHHVIT-5 Ky6Yera, Bb HHrepeea Ha no-6bp3ara pa6ora , e;v;.w,o e?K ee ysenHYasanVI noereneHHO no
o6eMb, a raMara Ha u,s-Broser-5 see noseye e o6-BAH51Bana,
MHoro A06p-5 VI
Ha TOBa
np1-1
HaWHT-5
Kai<TO I<OHTYPHT"E, TaKa
3arpy651sana,
BeVIYKO ee
pa6orara
KaKro rosa
MO<eMb Aa
KOHerarV~paMe
M03aVIKVI. Ben-BAeTBVIe
VI KOMn03VIl.I,J.151Ta e
crasana
no-He6p-5<Ha
VI
ese>t<Aano no Bb3MO>KHOeTb l<bMb no-
npoem reoMerpVIYeeKVI cp1-1rypV1. Tosa, Koero MaHeropbTb He
MO<anb
Aa
np'EAaAe Yp-53b cpOpMVIT-5 ,
TOH ro e
no51eH51Banb Yp-53b HaAnHeVI,
Cb
Koero ee
0651eH51Ba YeeTOTO ynorp1;6eHVIe Ha HaAnVIeVI Bb KbeHOpVIMeKVIT-5
M03aHKH.
erarbu,H
ee
Bb 3aM-EHa
pa3BVIna
Ha r-53VI
3Ha YVITenHa
cp?K YHoerb
He06VIKHOBeHa 6bp3HHa Bb pa6orara, KOHTO

KapanVI ron-5MO
noecpTVIH51BaHe
Ha
H.eAO11
e?K AO
M03aVIYHOTO 1-13-
KyeTBO, Ha KOeTO ee VI Abn>KH HerOBOTO WeipOKO pa3npoerpaHeHJ.1e.

LI,-BnVI51Tb
T03VI npou,eeb
Mo<e
Aa
ee npo-
en-BAVI VI Bb HaWVITt : M03aVIKVI. HV~e BVIA-BxMe, ye r-E

AaTVIpaTb OTb pa3HVI Bp-5MeHa, eb KOeTO Ce 0651eH51Ba
VI pa3nVIKara Bb r-BxHOTO Vl3nbnHeHVIe. Bb Ha~-erapara
Yaerb (AonH51Ta nonOBVIHa Ha ra6n.
HaH-ManKVI, us-Broser-5 HVIT-5 eTbKneHVI
XIX)
KaMbYerara e?K
6naroAapeHHe Ha npHM-Bee-
Ky6YeTa -
HaH-pa3H006pa3HVI, OpHa-
MeHTHKaTa He e VI3KntOYVITenHo reoMerpVIYeeKa. BeYe

Bb nO-KbeHaTa
nonOBVIHa
Ha
LJaeTb Ha e?KW,aTa
ra6nV~u,a
XIX)
M03aVIKa
06p . 40.
M o3a HKa orb CanapescKa 6aHS! .
(ropH51Ta
KaMbYerara erasarb ManKo no-ron-BMVI, u,s-Eroeer-5 no-npoerVI, a paeTVI-
renHHT-5 opHaMeHTVI ee H3M-5CT51Tb noseye OTb reoMerpVIYeeKVI cpV~rypVI. Ow,e no-ron-BMa CTasa ra3VI
pa3nHKa
Bb cpasHeHVIe eb rOpH51Ta M03aVIKa. J-1Jo6w,o MO>KeMb Aa Ka>KeMb, Ye BeVILJI<VI T'E3VI oeo6-
HOe1VI VI HeAOeTaTbl.l,l1, KOVITO V13TbKHaXMe npVI OnVIeaHVIeTO Ha HaWHT'E M03aHKVI, He eb"CTaB51Tb T-5XHa
eneu,VIcpHYHa oeo6HoeTb, K051TO Aa ee 0651eH51Ba Hanp. eb ena60TO pa33VITI-1e Ha M-5eTHOTO VI3KyeTBO, HO
e?K Bbo6w,e xapaKrepHH 3a enoxara.
1) rn. OTnH'lHala MOHOrpaHS! Ha P. G au c k I e r y

Daremberg-Saglio, Dictionnaire des antiquites Ill
2088-2126 nonb nyMara musivum opus 11 orntnHo, ntro
e u11r11paHa 11 nocTJpara n11reparypa . Cneu11anHo 3a
era poxp11cr11S!HC 1< ara ~I03ai1Ka cp . Kraus, Geschichte der
christlichen Kunst I 399-404; Leclercq, Manuel d'archeologie chretienne II 193 en . 11 Clii.WHS! asropb y Cabro I, Dictionnaire d 'arch eologie chretienne I 715-723 .
2) np11Mtp11rt 3a rosa Hi>WO C/il. MHOro6pOHHH.
Cn~CbKb Ha no-rnaBH11rE apHKaHCKI1 UbpKB11 Cb raKa!la
M03ai1Ka nasa Ha nocntnbKb Leclercq y Cabral, Dic tionnaire d'archeologie chretienne I 722 . Orb C11p11S1 we
cnoMeHeMb 6a311n i1Kara Bb .ileHpbCe:>~aHb (Y c n e H c K i H,
vf3stcriSI pyccK. apxeon. HHCrHryra lib KOHCraHrHHOnoni;
VII, 1902, 187 en .) 11 npyrH 6 UbpKBH npH Mane6a Bb
nanecrHHa (na s noscKi H 11 Knyre, naKb raMb VIII,
1903, 87 en.), 'lHHrO M0 3il11'lHI1 nonose noKa3Balb H Bb
opHaMeHrHKara roni>Mo cxoncrso Cb HawHrl;. 3a npH
Mi>p11 Orb 6anKaHCKHS! nonyocrpOBb H cneu11anHO Orb
6bnrap11~ rn. no-non-E crp. 60.
no-crapH crpanH Ha Mi:;croro Ha Cs. Cocjm11
60
Mo3aY!lJHYI no)J,ose crK HaMY!paHY! 11 Apyrb nrKTb y HaCb, Hanp. Bb Crapa-3aropa, KIOcTeH)J,Yinb,
B11Haposo Bb 4HpnaHCKO 11 Bb CaMara Cocjm51. 1) Hanocni>AbKb e 611nb oTKpY!Tb M03aYilJeHb
nO)J,b 11 np11 c. CanapescKa 6aH51, ,lJ,ynHYIWKO, 2) K0~1To noKa3sa raKOBa roni>Mo CXOACTBO Cb ropH51Ta
np11
c.
M03aY!Ka OTb Cs. Cocjm51, w,oro rpi>6sa )J,a ce np11eMe, lJe 11 )J,Bara no)J,a
MaHCTOpY!
(rn.
o6p.
crK npaseHY!
orb CrKUJ,Y!Ti>
40). n p11 BCY!lJKYI Ti>3YI M03aY!KYI He MO<e )J,a ce Ka<e, Kb:vtb KaKBYI crpa)J,YI
C?
npY!Ha)J,ne<anYI, TbH Karo rt ow,e He CrK )J,OCTaTblJHO Y!3cn-tnsaHYI. EAYIHCTBeHara YI3Bi>crHa AO cera
y HaCb UbpKBa Cb M03aY!lJeHb nO)J,b, Ha KOHTO e 3ana3eHb OTlJaCTYI 11 naTY!HCKYI Ha)J,nY!Cb, e Ta3YI,
K051TO 6-t OTKPY!Ta Hanocni>)J,bKb npY! nn-tseHb. 8) 3a <anOCTb 11 T51 ow,e He e o6HapO)J,BaHa KaKTO rp-t6sa.
C~Kw,o 11
OTAi>To
ce
Bb CbC BAHYIT-t
BYI<Aa,
HaMb crpaHY! CrK HaMi>peHYI Hi>KOYI U,bpKBYI Cb M03aY!lJHYI no)J,ose,
lJe nO)J,06HY!
ubpKBYI
ctK 611n11 e)J,HO
spi>Me nocra pa3npocrpaHeHY! 11 Ha
KaHCKYI51 nonyocrposb. Ha nbpso Mi>cro rp-t6sa )J,a cnoMeHeMb oTKpY!rara npi>3b

Bb nona Ha ,lJ,anMaTY!HCK151 6pi>rb, K051TO Ci'i'-.UJ,O e 611na LJ,YIM;TepY!anHa
Ka3Ba Bb sc-tKo
opHaMeHTYI,
1906
LJ,b?i<Ba 11
ro)J,. 6a3Y!nY!Ka
lJYIHTO
nO)J,b no-
e)J,HO OTHOWeHY!e roni>Mo CXOACTBO Cb ropH51Ta M03aY!Ka OTb Cs. Cocjm51. ~)
Karo 'nnereHY!uara,
lJeTY!pY!crpaHHYITi> 3Bi>3AYI
Cb
KBaAparY!
noMe<AY
6an-
Hi>KOYI
11Mb 11 AP
c;r:..
e)J,HaKBYI 11 Bb ABi>r-t M03aYIKYI. ,lJ,pyrH crapoxp11CTYI51HCKYI ubpKBYI Cb no)J,06HY! no)J,~Be c;r:.. OTKPYITYI naKb
Bb nona 5 ) 11, n6 Ha c-tsepb Bb IO<Ha f\scrp151, Bb Celeja G) 11 Teurnia. 'J ,1J,o6bpb cpaBHY!TeneHb MarepY!anb HYI )J,aBaTb 11 MHoro6poHHYITi> M03aY!lJHYI nO)J,OBe OTb pY!MCKYI crpaAYI Bb 6ocHa 11 XepuerOBY!Ha. 8 )
3acny<asa HaH-nocn-t )J,a ce or6sni><YI, lJe M03aY!KY!Ti> OTb Cs. Cocjm51 He CbiJ.bp<aTb HYITO HaAnHCH, HYITO Hi>KaKBYI CTapoxp11CH151HCKI1 eM6neMYI, KOIHO )J,a yKa3BaTb Ha Ti>XHOTO CaKpanHO npi>)J,Ha3HalJeHY!e. Ti>311 Hi>w,a snpolJeMb He c;r:.. Heo6xo)J,I1MYI 11 ri>xHara n11nca He Hl1 )J,asa npaso )J,a ce CbMH51BaMe,
lJe M03al1lJHI1rl nO)J,OBe CJi'.. 611n11 npaBeHY! cneLJ,YianHO 3a KOHCTaTHpaHYITi>
OTb HaCb U,bpKBI1. 0THO-
CY!TenHO HaAnHCHTi> HMa )J,a 3a6-tni><I1Mb, lJe r-t nHnc&aTb Hanp. 11 Bb cnoMeHarara ManKo no-rapt,
LJ,11MI1Tep11anHa 6a3Y!ni1Ka Bb nona. (;r:..w,o TaKa
He MO<e )J,a HYI OlJY)J,Ba nHnCaTa Ha 06YIKHOBeHI1Ti>
CTapoxp11CTI151HCKI1 eM6neMI1, KaTO XpY13MaTa Bb pa3HI1rl J.1 cpopM11 11 KpbCTbTb, TbH KaTO lJpi>3b Ti>XHOTO
nOCTaB51He Bbpxy nO)J,a, no KOHTO BCi>KI1 e MI1Hasanb, Ti> 611xa Ce
npocpaHysanH. VI3Bi>CTHO CKp11TO
CI1MBOnl1lJeCKO 3HalJeHI1e UJ,e rpi:,6sa MO<e 611 BCe naKb )J,a np11ni1WeMb Ha Hi>KOI1 OTb OpHaMeHTI1Ti>,
Hanp. Ha sa311Ti>.
Ha11CTI1Ha,
ri>311
noCJli>AHHTi>
ce ynorpi>651BaTb MHoro lJecro Bb KbCHOpHMCKOTO
113KYCTBO KaTO CbBciMb 0611KHOBeHI1 OpHaMeHTI1 6e3b HY!KaKBO 3HalJeHHe. 06alJe nbpB11Ti> Xp11CTI151HI1
CKOpO 11Mb CJi'.. np11)J,an11 CI1MBOnl1lJeCKO 3HalJeHI1e KaTO OnHLJ,eTBOpeHY!e Ha Bi>psaUJ,151. D) (Ji'..UJ,OTO Hi>UJ,O
MO<e )J,a ce Ka<e 11 3a nr11u11rl (rbni'i'-.611), KOHTO Hrpa51Tb MHoro roni>Ma
cKaTa CI1MBOni1Ka KaTO OnYILJ,eTBOpeHHe Ha lJOBi>WKaTa )J,ywa.
10
pon51 Bb crapoxp11CTI151H-
(b no-roni>Ma CY!rypHOCTb MO<eMb )J,a npHeMeMb CYIMBOnHlJeCKO 3HalJetme np11 Yl306pa<eHY!51Ta

Bb anrapHara M03ai1Ka Ha HaH-crapara ubpKBHua (ra6n. XVIII 1 ). ,lJ,bpserara 11 pacreHH51Ta,
Cb LJ,Bi>T51Ta, HaKau,anHrl nO T"EXb nTYILJ,YI CYIMBOnHKa pa51 Cb AYWHrl Ha
sa3Y!Ti>
BCI1lJKO TOBa OnY!LJ,eTBOp51Ba Cnope)J,b CTapoXp11CTYI51HCKaTa
npase)J,HHTi>. TbKMO e)J,HO raKosa Y!3o6pa<eHY!e e 611no Ha Mi>croro
CYI Bb anCYI)J,aTa Ha U,bpKsara, Ai>To c;r:.. ce 113BbpwsanH 6orocny<e6HYITi> TaY!HCTBa.
1) 3a nbpsHrt nsi:; rn. K~CHri:; Cbo6weHH5! Bb 1--bsi:;cr.

Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npym. II, 1911, 264. 3a npyrHri:; nsi:;
HBMa o6HaponsaHa no cera HHKaKsa 61;nl;mKa.
~) r. 1-1. KauapOBb, naKb TaMb 11,1911,189.
3) K. Bbnesb, naKbTaMb I, 1910, 209.Cp. H Jahrb.
des deutschen archaeol. lnstit. XXV, 1910, f\n*iger 393 cnc---4) f\. G n irs, Bb Jahrbuch der K. K. Zentrai-Kommission, Neue Folge IV, 1906, 247-256.
5 ) Mitteil. der K. K. Zentrai-Komm. XXVIII, 1902, 57-62.
1
;) naKb raMb XXIV, 1898,219-225 Cb nerb ra6nHUH.
') Jahreshefte des Oesterreich. archaeol. Instit. XIll,

1910, Beibl. 162 en.
B) Glasnik zemaijskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini
V, 1893, 511 en.; VI, 1894, 1 en. Cb ra6n. IV; VII, 1895,
161 en. H 371 en.
g) Cp. F. X. Kraus, Reai-Encykiopadie der christiichen f\IterthGmer I 578; L e c I e r c q y Cab r o I, Dictionnaire d'archeologie chretienne I 7I9.
10) Kraus, Gecch. der christi. Kunst I 99; L. von
S y be I, Christiiche f\ntike I, M~~rg 1906, crp. 172 en.
06p. 41
rpo6HI1U>1 Bb ane>J:rara Ha Cs. Co1151.
In f\ Bf\ IV
HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKsara
Bb
6m-13Kara OKOnHOCTb
paHI-1 MHoro6poHHI-1
rpaAeHI-1
Ha
Cs. Co<jJI-151,
Koraro
1-1
rpo6HI-1UI-1, KaMeHHI-1 capKo<jJa31-1
Aa
Cs.CoH~
ce
Kona51no,
1-1 o61-1KHOBeHI-1
BY!Harl-1 CJK HaMI-1-
rpo6ose.
Tosa
Hi;w,o
CBYIAt,TenCTByBa 3a eAYIHb TBbpAt, o6w1-1peHb HeKpOnOnb OKOnO L.I,bpKBaTa, 41-11-1TO
rpaHYIL.J,I-1, CnOpeAb
np1-16ni-131-1TenHO cni;AHYITt,: Ha ci;sepb AO 6yneBapAb ,Il,OHAYKOBb, 1) Ha
6ynesapAb <:PepAY!HaHAb, 2) Ha IDrb AO 6ynesapAb Uapb Ocso60AI-1Tenb 13) 1-1 Ha 3anaAb
AOCeraWHYITt,
I-13TOKb
AO
si;po51THO
HaXOAKI-1, C.:K
YaKb
AO
yn1-1ua
npoCTpaHCTBO OTb OKOnO
EeHKOBCI<I-1.
500
CnopeAb rosa
l-13nl-13a, Ye
HeKpononbTb e 3aeManb eAHO
MeTp:l Bb KBaApaTb. 8bpxy L.J,i;nOTO TOBa npOCTpaHCTBO He CJK HaMi;peHI-1
1) En11Hb Manbl1nb HaMt

peHb Ha yn11ua Bpa6Ya, 120 M, Ha e-Bsepb OTb Cs. Co<j:>H51,
1<0raro e;y; ee KOn<J51nl1 oeHOB>JTt 3a era para Ki'I'\Wa Ha n-pb
K. Crol1nOBb. rn. 6p.
I{ 0 p n 11 n 0 B 11, C6opH. 3CI Hap.
yMOTB. II, 189J, 53. EnHa rpaneHa rpo6H>Jua 6-5 HaMtpeHa
Ha 2 IQHI1 1911 ron. Ha eaMH51 6ynesapnb !lOHllYI<OBb,
6nl130 no npteJ.-t'laHeTO My eb ynHUa nap11>1<b. rn. J.--bst-
eTJ.-151 Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npy>~<. II, 1911, 268 en. 6nH30

.UO TOBa MteTO, Ha i'l'\rbna Ha yn. napH>!<b H Bpa6Ya,
61; OTI<pHTb, Bee no TOBa Bp-5Me, H enHHb l<beeHb Han
rpo6eHb l<aMbl~<ecrseHo
HHnyerpHanHoro YYHnHwe, 1<oero rpaHHYI1 eb 6ynesapnb
ct>epnHHaH.Ub 3a rpo6HHUHTt OTI<pHTH Bb Ubpi<BaTa F\n.

Hesci<H rn. no-nont. 3a .upyr11rt H-BMa 3ana3eHI1 HHI<aKB11
6-l;n-5>1<1<11. En11Hb Hanrpo6eHb KaMblJ<eCTBeHOI1HnyerpHanHOTO YYHnHwe: J..13s-5eTI151 Ha 6bnr.
apxeon . .upy>~<. Ill, 1912, 14 en. n. 10.
'1) MHoro6poi1HH rpo6HHI.lH e;y; oTKp11TH np-53b 1888
ron. Bb Henoep-BnerseHara OI<OnHoerb Ha HaponHoro eb6pa1me, Ha e-Bsepb 11 Ha 3ananb OTb Hero: rn. 6p. W 1<o pnl1nOBH, C6opH. 3a Hap. yMors. II, 1890, 46 en.
~) 1lo6pye1<11 (C6opH. 3a Hap. yMOTB. XIII, 1896, 435)
6tnt>J<H, ye npt3b 1894 ron. 611nH orKpHT11 .rpo6ose eb
MbpTbBUI1, 3axnyneHI1 eb rontMH 1<epaMHnl1", 1<oraro ee
1<0naen11 OCHOBHT-5 3a npHeTpOHI<aTa l<bMb I<H51>J<eel<l151 nBOpeUb, I<051TO eeHaM11pa orraTblAVI
ApyrVI
OTb
Vl3rneH<AaTh Aa CFK
CTapV!
nOCTp0111<VI,
0 :Bi>Hb rpo6HVIU,VI VI OCTaTbU,VI OTb ABi> CrpaAVI, I<OVITO
1
u,bpi<BI-1. ) To3VI o6w11peHb
611n11
HeKpononb ce e Cb3Aanb c11rypHo Bb npOAbn-
H<eHV!e Ha Hi>I<Oni<O CTOni>n151 VI TO TaKa, Ye npi>3b pa3HVITI Bpi>MeHa CaMO OTAi>nHVI YaCTVI OTb Hero
CFK 611n11 Bb ynoTpi>6eHV!e. Cni>Ab
HaTaThKb, TbH Ye
B'h
KaTo VI3Bi>cTHa YaCTb e
eAHO VI CFKW,O Bpi>Me He
611na BeYe Vl3nbnHeHa, OTV!Bano ce e no-
u,i>nOTO
CFK CTaBanV! norpe6eHVI51 no
npOT51H<eHV!e Ha
He!<ponona. K.bMb TOBa 3al<niOYeHVIe HVI BOA51Th V13Bi>CTHVI pa3nVIYVI51, I<OVITO MOraTb Aa ce I<OHCTaTV!paTb
Bb pa3HVITi> MY YaCTVI.
HeKpononbTb
oi<ono
Ha Hi>I<Oni<O nrKTVI. npi:>3b

Ha IOrO-VI3TOIMe
rOA., I<OraTO ce e CHVIWaBano HVIBOTO
Cocp!-151,
611n11 CFK OTI<PVITVI
OI<ono 40
OI<OnO
rpo6HVIU,VI,
np11
pa3HVI
HapOAHOTO
cnyYaVI
Cb6paHVIe,
3a I<OVITO CFK o6HapOABaHVI
KpaTKVI, 3a H<anocTb TBbpAi> He3aAOBOnVITenHVI CBi>Ai>HI-151. ~) H~Mi>peHVITi> Bb Ti>Xb npi>AMeTVI CFK 611n11
np116paH11 ow,e Ha Bpi>MeTO CVI Bb HapOAHaTa 6VI6nVIOTeKa,
HI-151 My3eH. noBeYeTO OTb Ti>3VI npi>AMeTVI (V!HB.
42-46),
V13Bi>CTHVI
06VII<HOBeHO
6 69-84
87)
nocni>
CFK
MV1Han11
Bb
HapoA-
CFK pa3HVI BVIAOBe CTbl<neHVIU,VI (o6p.
nOAb V!MeTO 6ancaMapV!V1, Kai<BVITO YeCTO ce cpi>w,aTb MeH<AY l<bCHO-
CrbKJJeHHUH OTb HeKponona Ha Cs. CocpHS! (oKono 1/:1 eCTeClB. ronBMHHa).
06p. 42. -
pV!MCI<VITi> 11 CTapoxpVICTVI51HCI<VI HaXOAI<VI. Oco6Ho BH(1MaHVIe

cpOpMa, CTbl<neHVIU,aTa
OTAi>To
VI
o6p.
45,
MHOrO Ha ne6eAb. T51 e BVICOI<a

OTBOpeHVI, CFK OT'-IyneHVI.
npVInVIYHa
15'2
Bb
VI Abnra
HaAe6eneHaTa
3acnyH<aBa, nopaAVI
riOnOH<eHV!eTO,
25
CM . .0,BaTa
YaCTb OTb
AOnH51
11
Bb
I<OeTO e
Cb6V!pana Bb HaAe6eneHaTa
VI 06CTOS!TenCTBOTO, 3aW,O He e HarOAeHa Aa CTOVI npaBa.

ApyrVI Mi>CTa. Ti> CFK cnyH<WlVI
611no
cpOTOrpacpV!paHa,
11
CVInHO BAaAeHa
T51
LJaCTb,
cnyH<V!na
Cb I<OeTO
noA06HVI CTbl<neHVIU,VI
3a onVITBaHe Ha BVIHO,
CVI
TBbpAi>
1<pa51, I<OVITO 6e3b CbMHi>HVIe CFK 611n11
CTpaHa
3a06neHa, TbH Ye CTbl<neHVIU,aTa He MOH<e Aa CTOVI CB060AHO Ha He51.

3d BCMYI<BaHe Ha TeLJHOCTb, 1<051TO ce e
He06VIKHOBeHaTa
611no
CFK
HaBFKTpi> VI e
KaTO
peTOpTa
ce 0651CH51Ba
113Bi>CTHVI VI OTb
KaTo ToaneTHVI npV!HaAneH<HOCTVI 3a
3
napcp!OMVI. ) Bb non3a Ha BTopoTO npi>AnonoH<eHV!e roBOpVI HaMV!paHeTo 11Mb Bb rpo6HVIU,VI.
1) fJJ, 6p. ill
Hap. YMOTB.
pOllHOTO Cb6p3HHe, KOeTO ce H3BbpWH npt3b npOIIBTbTa
II, 1890, 46 CJI. H npHIIO<eHHS! KbMb CTaTHS!Ta HMb nJJaHb
1912 rOll., ri:;3H OCHOBH 6l;xa HaHOBO pa3KpHTH, 6e3b
Ha ra6n. I. 3a manoCTb Ta3H craTHS! e TBbpui:; HeyuosneTBOpHrenHa (rJJ KpHTHYeCKHlB 6l;ni:;<KH Ha fl. n pOTH Yb,
Cs. CocpHS!, crp. 31- 34). LlanH crpaaHn, YHHTO ocHOBH
6p. illKopnHJJOBH Ci'i'i HaHeCJJH Ha nnaHa, Ci'i'i 6HJIH HaHCTHHa UbpKBH, e TBbpllB CbMHHTeJJHO. npH CHHWaBaHeTO
Ha HHBOTO Memuy UbpKsara FlneKCaHabpb HeBCKH H Ha-
aa ce HaMBpS!Tb o6aYe .anCHllHTB", 3a KOHTO rOBOpS!Tb

6p. illKopnHJJOBH
2) 6p. illKopnHJJOBH, C6opH. Ja Hap. yMOTB; II,
1890, 46-60 Cb 5 Ta6JJ. fn. no-ropHS!Ta 3a6l;nl;mKa.
:1) Cp. Fl. K is a, Das Glas im Flltertume, Leipzig
1908, crp 352 H o6p. 334 Ha crp. 829.
I< 0
p n H II 0 B H, C:6opH. 3a
CTapoxpHCH!SIHCKH CTbKilel!HUH
Orb Apyr1-1rl>
C.:K)J,OBe 3acnymaea
BHvtMaHJ.1e
HanpaeeHa Bb evtnb 11.:1 Ha)J,e6eneHa no cptAaTa
63
CTbt<JleHvtu,ara o6p .
45
enpyeen<a, )J,bJlra
46
CM.
(ropHvt51Tb et<3eMn1151pb),
CTbKJleHJ.1u,ara
J.1Mana
caMo envtHb OTBOpb 1-1 e Morna )J,a CTOH caMo Bb nemaw,e nonomeHvte. Ta3J.1 cpopMa, K051TO ce cptw,a
1
vt Apyra)J,li , ) rpt6ea )J,a e 6vtna AOCTa pa3npocrpaHeHa 1-1 Bb Cocpl-151, noHeme Bb Ci'i'-W.vtTt rpo6HJ.1U,J.1
Ci'i'- HaMtpeHvt ow,e )J,Ba no)J,06HH eK3eMnmtpa , crpoweHvt Ha HliKOJlKO
J.1 cpOpMaTa Ha
CTbi<JleHvtU,aTa o6p.
4aCTJ.1.
Heo6vtKHOBeHa e Cli'-W.O
43 Z, 1<051TO Bb )J,OJlHJ-151 CYI Kpa!1 e CHa6)J,eHa Cb TliCeHb OTBOpb
1..
a
0 6p. 43. -
3a J.13JlJ.1BaHe
rpo6Hvtu,a
Ha
CTbKJleHH UH OTb HeKpo no.1a 11a Ce. Co1m" (o Kono 1 :1 eCTeCTB. ront. MHH a).
Te4HOCTbTa . no)J,06Ha CTbi<JleHJ.1U,a 61; HaMtpeHa MJ.1HaJlaTa rOll,Y!Ha Bb e)J,Ha rpa)J,eHa
np1-1 CnoKOW.YIU.:J,
K.IOcTeH)J,Y!JlCKO. ~)
OcraHaJlHTli
CTbKJleHI-iU.H,
KOYITO ce
omvt4aBaTb no
rontMoro pa3Hoo6pa3J.1e Ha opMaTa c1-1 (caMo OTb r1-1na o6p . 44 a Cli'- HaMtpeHI-1 ABa e)J,HaKBH
3eMnn51pa), ce cptw,aTb no-4ecro. 3) Tt; ce )J,arvtparb o6vtKHOBeHo Bb Ill 1-1 IV etKb en . Xp. ~)
eK-
OceliHb CTbKJleHHU,HTt, Bb HapOAHH51 My3el1 Cli'- 3ana3eHJ.1 1-1 Apyrl-1 HtKOH nptAMem (HHB. 5 71,
73 11 77), HaMlipeHI-1 Bb Cli'-W,J.1Tli rp06HHLI,YI, a J.1MeHHO )J,Bli 6pOH30BYI cp1-16ynvt, e)J,Ha cnneCHaTa 6pOH-
a
0 6 p . 4l -
30Ba XaJlKa (AHaM.
CTb Kil eHHUH OTb He Kpo nona Ha Ce. Co <jJH SI (oKon o
. ~ eCTeCTB . roJJ t. MHHa).
3'3 CM .), MaJlKO p1-1MCI<O I<Jll04e (AbllrO CaMO 18 CM.), OKa4eHO Ha XaJlKa KaTO
npbCTeHb, e)J,HO 6pOH30BO KpbCT4e (BHC.
5"3 CM.) 11 )J,Bt rpHBHH OTb CJ.1He CTbi<JlO (AHaM. 62 CM.).
0Tb Tli3H npt)J,MeTH OC06eHb HHTepeCb nptACTaB51Tb,
nopa)J,YI
cp : ~I<CvtpaHaTa
11Mb )J,aTa, )J,BtTt cpvt-
6ynH , OTb I<OJ.1TO e)J,HaTa J.1Ma 06J.1KHOBeHaTa KpbCTOBH)J,Ha cpopMa, a ApyraTa e Cb CnHpanHa npy1) rn. Kisa, u . Cb4. CTp. 328 H Fo rmentaf. F\ o6p. 2.
2) I-13B. Ha 6bJJr. apx . .npy<. II , 1911 , 285 en. H o6p. 21.
:1) Cp. Bbpxy Tt.xb Kisa, UHT. Cb4. CTp. 316 en.
4) K i sa, UHT. Cb4. CTp . 390-396.
: ~
HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. CoHII
ti4
mi1Ha. Cn-l:,,o,oaaTenHO 11 ,o,at,Tt, qm6yn11 He MoraTb ,o,a 6rr;.naTb no-I<bCHI1 OTb aTopaTa
IV
nonoa11Ha
1
a-I:,I<b, Ha I<OeTo api:,Me np116ni1311TenHo Tpt,6aa ,o,a np11Ha,o,nemaTb 11 caMI1Tt, rpo6HI1LI,I1. )
Hei<ponona oi<ono Ca. Co2

ro,o,., np11 nonaraHe ocHOai1Tt, Ha u,bpi<aaTa Anei<caH,o,bpb Heac1<11. ) To311 nrr;.Tb err;. 611n11
3a aTop11 nrr;.Tb err;. 611n11 HanpaaeHI1 no-3HaYI1TenHI1

qm51 npt,3b
1896
Ha
Haxo,o,I<I1 ab
OT1<p11TI1 Tp11 CTapoxp11CTI151HCI<I1 Ha,o,rpo6HI1

Ha,o,n11ca, 113,D,bn6aHI1 TBbp,o,t, rpy6o abpxy
TbHKI1 Mp51MOpH11 nnOYI1, 3) a TaKa crr;.w,o
Tp11
rpa,o,eHI1
Cb
Tyxnl1
rpo6HI1LJ,I1
11 ,o,sa
orpa,o,eHI1 Cb nnOYI1 rpo6a. Bb e,o,I1Hb OTb

rpo6oaeTt, ce e HaM11pano CTbi<neHOTO Wl1weHu,e o6p.
44 a,
CTbi<neHI1LI,I1Tt,
125
s11c.
o6p.
43 8
11
eM.
44 6,
CrKw,o
2,
11
1<011TO
cera ce na351Tb Bb Hapo,o,HI151 My3e~ Cb 6-l:,n-l:,mi<a, ye npo113XO<,o,aTb OTb pa3I<Oni<I1Tt,

np11 Ca. Cocj:>~-151 npt,3b
1896
ro,o,., Tp-1:,6aa
,o,a err;. 611n11 HaM-J:,peHI1 Bb Ht,I<051

1<p11TI1Tt,
06p. 45. -
Hac11na
(TbKJJeHHUa OTb Cs. Cocjm~ (1 a eCT. ron.).
Mi:,peHI1
11
10
6pOH30al1
MOHeTI1,
1<011TO
CfKW,O
MOHeTI1Tt, ,o,a-1:, err;. OTb f{oHcTaHTI1Ha
Ben111<11
II (337-361
ro,o,.), ,o,a-1:, OTb KoHCTaHLJ,1151
CfK
ro,o,.),
(306-337
Bb
oi<ono rpo6HI1LJ,I1Tt, err;. 611n11
Ha-
OW,e
e,D,I1Hb 6pOH30ab
Hapo,o,HI151
ro,o,.), e,o,Ha
II (565-578
ap-I:,Me
My3e~
1230:
1281 :
npbCTeHb
1266). 0Tb
II (337-340
OTb YeTabpT1151 s-I:,IparMeHTb OTb nnoYa Cb rpbU,!<(1 Ha,o,ni1Cb ... OYNOMATOL, a-J:,po51THO OTb
Ha,o,rpo6eHb naMeTHI1I<b; n.
Ha,D,fli1Cb; n.
(11Ha.
OTb KoHcTaHTI1Ha
My3e51 err;. sn11caH11 l<aTo npmnxo,o,51W,I1 OTb pa3I<Oni<I1Tt, np11 Ca. Cocj:>1151 npt,3b
HI1Tt, npi:,,o,MeTI1: n.
OTb OT-
rpo6H11u,11.
YeT11p11 Heonpi:,,o,-l:,neHI1
Bl13aHTI1~CI<a ,o,oCTa 113Tp11Ta, si:,po51THO OTb l0c:TI1Ha
06p. 46. -
ab
np116paH11
no Toaa
1268:
ron-I:,Ma Tyxna, BI1COI<a
37,
w11p01<a
30,
ne6ena
eM., Cb HeYeTni1Bb
,o,aa cpparMeHTa OTb l<aMeHHI1 nnOYI1 (ni:,CbYHI11<b) Cb pen11ecj:>H11 CTa poxp11CTI151HCI<I1
I) (bBbpWeHO HeCbCTOI!TeJJHO e 3aKJJI04eHHeTO Ha
3) VI rpHTt. nn04H ce
HaMHpaTb cera
Bb Hapon-
6p. illKOpiiHJIOBH (UHT. M. CTp. 6Q), ye OTKpHTHlt. npH

Hap. cb6paHHe UbpKsH H rpo6HHUH 6HJJH BH3aHTHHCKH
H npoH3XO}I{LWJJH OTb spt.Mero, KoraTO Cocj:>HII ce HaMHpana Bb p;r;UBTh Ha BH3aHTHHUHTB, OTb 1013-1186 ron.
~) KpaTKH cst.nt.HHII 3a Tt.3H Haxo!IKH nasa Do 6-
HHII My3eH. E!IHHHI!Tb Ha!lnHCb e JJaTHHCKH H rnaCH:

fHic requ iescit Flo:rentia virgo f (Do6pycKH, crp. 436;
Corp. inscr. latin. Ill 1420721 ). Dpymrt. nsa HannHca c;r;
rpbUKH: -\- ib&x 'l.X""CX(;t ~""i:E :\Jxp(x 1t ci.p&svo; -f (fl 0 6 p y CK H,
CTp. 436); -\-ib&x "/.X "tci.lt~"tE 'Ap. p.ou'l.l; it.1to ~EA'Yj'IOU'I "tO~-\- (flo-
pycKH, C6op. 3a Hap. yMOTB. XIII, 1896, 435 en.
6pycKH, crp. 437).
65
no-CTap11Ti; pa3KOn K11 Ha HeKponona
opHaMeHn1 11 n.
COKb
1282: KanaKb OTb ManbKb KaMeHeHb capKocpan,, ,o.bnbrh 089, w11pOKb 058, BI1-
028 M.
np-t3b
1900 fO,D.., KOraTO Ce npasi:;na MO,o.epHaTa l.l,bpKBHL.J,a Bb ,o.eCHI-151 crpaHI14eHb 1<0-
pa6b Ha Cs. Cocp1151, 611n11 orKpHTI1
ow,e H-EKonKo rpo6ose, 3a 1<011ro

HaM11paMe CaMO e,o.Ha CbBC-tMb !<parKa 6i:;ni:;mKa. 1) np11 ,D.Ba OTb T-E311
rpo6ose 611n11 ynorp-t6eHH Karo
Ha,o.rpo6HI1
rpa.o.emeHb
Marep11anb .o.sa
no-crap11
naMeTHHL.J,H Cb rpbl.I,K11 Ha,o.n11c11. ~) Bb e,o.HHI151 OTb rpo6o-
ser-t 611na HaM-EpeHa 3naTHara

py611Hb, OKOnO
KO~lTO
o6-tL.J,a
o6p.
47, yKpaceHa Cb xy6asb
Ci'K noCTaBeHI1 3naTHI1
113,D.aTbL.J,I1
Bb
BI1,D.b
Ha
ni'l'-411 (cera Bb Hapo,o.HI151 My3ei1). Bb Ci'l'.W,H51 rpo6b Ci'l'. 611n11 HaM-EpeHI1
06p. 47. 3narf'a o6i;ua

orb Cs. Cocjm11 (ecr. ron.).
4'5 CM.; e,o.HHl:: 4onpa3b

OTb 6pOH3b, ,D.bnbrb 4'8 CM.; e,o.HO CTbKneHO WI1We, BI1COKO 17 CM. (o6p. 42 6) Bb ,o.pyrara rpo6HHL.J,a
e 611n0 HaMi:;peHO CaMO e,D.HO WI1We, BI1COKO Ci'l'.W,O 17 CM. ( o6p. 42 8 ).
ow,e: e,o.Ha 6poH30Ba cp116yna Cb 11rna, ,o.bnra
Hai1-nocn-t ocrasa .o.a cnoMeHeMb, ye .o.s-t rpa,o.eHI1
rpo6H11L.J,11
6-txa
1911 fO,D.. Bb OCHOBI1Ti:; Ha l.l,bpKBara f\neKCaH,D.bpb HeBCKI1, Ha ,D.bn60411Ha
orKp11rH
np-E3b
n-Broro
3"60 M. nO,D.b HI1BOTO

Ha nnow,a,o.a. :;) Bb e,o.Ha OTb r-E311 rpo6HI1l.l,l1 6i:; HaM-tpeHa CTbKneHI1L.J,aTa o6p. 48 6, BI1COKa 175 CM.
OKOnO
)J,pyra rpo6HI1L.J,a Ce HaM-Ep11 Bb Ci'l'.W,OTO spi:;Me 113BbHb l.l,bpKBara, Bb 10f0-113T04HI151 Kpai:i Ha ,D.BOpa,
2 M. nO,D.b HI1BOTO Ha nnow,a,o.a.4) Ci'l'.w,o 11 orb ra311

rpo6HI1L.J,a
e,o.Ha
6-t
113Ba,o.eHa
3,o.pasa CTbKneHI1L.J,a,
BHCOKa
14 CM. (o6p. 48 a).
E,o.sa np11 pa3KOnK11T-E

np-E3b
1910 11 1911 ro,o..
Mama .o.a ce 113cn-E.o.sa noCI1CTeMarwleCKI1, MaKapb 11

Ha
ManKO
npoCTpaHCTBO,
HeKpononbTb Ha Cs. Cocp1151.

Omp11r11r-E
sp-EMe
6ose
np-E3b
rpo6H11L.J,11
Morarb .o.a
rosa
11
rpo-
ce
pa3-
.o.-En51Tb no yCTpo.::icrso, Marep11anb 11 rpa.o.emb Ha rp11

rpyn11,
K011TO OT4aCTI1 Ci'K
pa3rpaHI14eHI1 11 no sp-EMe.
a
06p. 48. -
6
CTbKJieHI1UI1 OTb Cs. Ca<jm11 (1 2 ecrecTB. roni;MI1Ha).
KbMb nbpsa:a rpyna np11Ha,o.nemarb KaMeHHI1rl capKocpa311, KOI1TO 11 no Bpi:;Me
11,o.arb Ha nbpBo M-Ecro. Bropara rpyna o6eMa rpa,o.eH11r-t rpo6HI1UI1, KOI1TO Ci'l'. or4acr11 3acso,o.eHH, a
or4acr11 no1<p11r11 orrop-t Cb ron-EMa KaMeHHa nnoYa (nnoc1<11 rpo6H11L.J,11). Tper51Ta rpyna o6eMa o611KHOBeHI1rl rpo6ose, KOI1TO np11Ha,o.nemaTb Ha MHOfO nO-KbCHa enoxa.
1) .llo 6 p yc Kl1, C6opH. 3a Hap. yMoTB. XVIII,1901, 778.

2) .llo6pyCKI1, UI1T. M. CTp. 777 n. 85 11 86 (npi;neYaTaH11 11 y Ka ua po Bb, np11HOCb KbMb era para 11Crop1111 Ha Co<jJHII, crp. 83 n. 29 11 30).- Cnopenb 6i;ni;}f{KaTa Bb MpeHHI111 11HBeHTapb (nonb n. 2222), nbpBaTa
Co. Co<j>Ho
OTb ri;311 n!IOYI1 e 611na ynorpi;6eHa KaTo noxnynaKb

Ha eni1H1111 OTb rpo6osert.
3) V13si;cml! Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npy}f{. II, 1911,269.
l) naKb TaM:b CTp. 269 CJI.
...
HeKpononbTb Ha UbpK13aTa Cs. CoH11
66
1. KaMeHHYI capKocpa3H
1. Capi<ocparb OTb 6-tn"t3HI1I<aBb eD,p03bpHeCTb n-Ecb4HI1I<b, BI1COI<b 6e3b noxnynai<a 0'88, D,bJlbrb 214 11 w11p01<b 1 M. 0TI<p11Tb Ha 3. XII. 911 roD,. Ha IOr0-113TOI<b OTb anc11D,aTa, OTD,aneYeHb caMo
3"90 M.
OTb
He51,
Ha
D,bn6o411Ha
OI<ono
50 eM.
noD,b HI1BOTO Ha nnow,aD,a (Ha Ta6n.
IX np11 a).
noxnynaKbTb, I<Oi1TO Ce HaM11pawe OW,e Ha M'tCTOTO Cl1, HO 6-twe Be4e CTpOWeHb, 11Mawe CTp-txoBI1D,Ha cpopMa Cb 4eT11p11 rpy611 ai<poTep11 Ha rr<.rn11T-t, Ci'i'.W,O I<ai<TO np11 capi<ocpara
o6p. 52. Kop11-
TOTO 6-t nbllHO Cb npbCTb. H111<ai<BI1 np-ED,MeTI1, ocs-EHb H-EI<ol1 pa3XBbpll51HI1 I<OCTI1, He ce HaM-Ep11xa
Bb Hero. no BC114I<O ce BI1>1{D,a, Ye capi<ocparbTb e 611nb oTsap51Hb 11 orpa6eHb no-paHo.
OTb D,bllr11T't CTpaHI1 Ha 1<0p11TOTO Ce HaM11pa rpbU,I<I1 HaD,ni1Cb Bb D,Ba
peD,a,
Ha eD,Ha
41111TO 6yi<BI1,
BI1C01<11
5 CM., Ci'i'. Be4e ll,OCTa 113Tp11TI1:
OK/\EINOCCTPATIAI ... CI8EOY/\ATPICEN8At.E

KEITEIOY /\IAN OCr/\ YKEPOCTEPMEATEXV'JN BIOTOY 1)
HaD,ni1CbTb o6pa3ysa D,Ba cr11xa (xei<CaMeTp11) 11 rnac11
z./,:::cvc; cr:p=tt~ip[z"YJ]; (x=t): &:::(jQ Htp:; ev&io:::

x:::~:::: 'b;/,:=t'li;~ y),uxe:po; tEpfl( e:)=t :(u)zwv i3:6t(;U.
Bb np-EsoD,b:
,cnaBHI151Tb
pa6b 60>I{I1i1 n0411Ba TYI<b, IOn11aHb, ll,04ai<aJlb w,aCTJ111BO I<pa51 Ha >1{11BOTa".
06p. 49. - . LJacrH OTb crpoweHHII capKoarb
soeHa4aJlH11l1{D,a OTb 113pa>l{eHI1eTo &:::(jQ /,itp~;, norpe6aHoTo Bb
capi<ocpara n11u,e e 611no xp11CTI151HI1Hb.
2. Capi<ocparb OTb sapoBHI1I<b, oTI<p11Tb Ha 10. XI. 910 roD,. Bb IO>I{HOTO OTD,-EneHI1e Ha Hanp-E4HI151 I<opa6b (Ha Ta6n. IX np11
b). Toi1 e CbCTaseHb OTb OTD,"EllHI1 nno411, D,e6enl1 no 14 eM., 11
TO TaKa, Ye sc-EI<a OTb cTpaH11T-E MY ce o6pa3ysa caMo OTb eD,Ha nnoYa. noxnynai<bTb MY e HanpaseHb OTb D,B-t ron-EM11, nocTaBeHI1 cTp-txoBI1D,HO nn0411, eD,fiaTa OTb I<OI1TO ce HaM-Ep11 113M-EcTeHa 11
cyyneHa, Tbi1 Ye u.-tnaTa MY Bi'i'.Tp-EwHOCTb 6-t nbnHa Cb npbCTb. Capi<ocparbTb e BI1COI<b 3aeD,HO Cb
noxnynai<a 118, W11p01<b 122 11 D,bllbrb 2"07 M.; 1<0p11TOTO OTD,'tJlHO e LJ,bJ160I<O 087 M. 3anaD,HaTa
MY T-EcHa CTpaHa e OTC"E4eHa np11 nonaraHe Ha ocHOB11T-E 3a Cs. Cocp1151.
1) Bb sropHS! pe!lb CiK CBbp3aHH 6yKsHrt M H
E Bb JiyMaTa 't~pfl(s)o: H V'J, N H B Bb JIYMHTE 't(u)x.(iJv ~~~-
-=~~- Bb nbpBHSI pellb ell'. 6HnH csbp3aHH et.posnHO 6yKB~<nt. H H [ Bb OKOH4aHHeTO Ha JiyMaTa o-:po:-:dpx.'Y);.
. ,
67
KaMeHHH capKoa3 H
~~=-- ---~=-~--
3.
4acn1 OTb e,!l,HHb rontMb crpoweHb capKo<Parb 6txa pa3KpHTH ow,e Bb nbpBHTt AHH Ha
pa3KOnKHrl,
27-30. VII. 910
r., Ha ctsepHaTa CTpaHa Ha u,bpKBaTa (Ha Ta6n.
To3H capKo<Parb C.'i'\.W,O e 6HJlb HanpaBeHb OTb
rontMH
MY ce CbCTOewe OTb TPH OTAtnHH nn04H , AbllrH
118-1 30
OTb crpaHH4HHTt nno4H, KaKTO H e,!l,Ha OTb noxnynaKa,

}!{HHa Ha cap1<a<Para e 6Hna cntAOBaTenHo
240
nn04H,
,[J,e6enH OTb
M. H
wHpOKH
AOCTHraTb
11
15
npH c; rn. o6p.
018-030
49
130
50).
M. no,[J,bTb
056-070 M.
240 M. UtnaTa
OTb
AbJl}!{HHa
M., a wHp04HHaTa MY
Ce HaMtpHXa ,!l,Bt 6pOH30BH CbBCtMb H3TpHTH MOHeTH (AHaM.
IX
E.o.Ha
,!l,bn-
M. Bb npbCTbTa HaoKono
MM.) , KOHTO H3rJle}!{,[J,aTb ,!l,a C.'i'\.
OTb 4eTBbpTH~ BtKb .
4.
910
0 6 p. 50. -
IX
d; rn. H
0'82-1'05
npH
OTb
o6p .
51
npH
M. , WHpOKH
a).
4acTH OTb crpow eHH51 capKoarb
Q7Q
M. (Ha Ta6n.
c.
rpo6HHU,aTa e cbrpaAeHa OTb weCTb rontMH sapoBHHKOBH nn04H, AbllrH
Q5Q-Q6Q
M. H .11.e6eJ1H
Q27-Q28
M., nOCTaBeHH sepTHKaJlHO no ,!l,Bt Ha
.1J.bllrHTt H no e,!l,Ha Ha K.'i'\.CHTt crpaHH. UtnaTa rpo6HHu,a e Ab!lra

.1J.bJ160Ka
2.VIII.
KbMb capKo<Pa3Hrl w,e Tpt6sa Aa npH4HCJlHMb H KaMeHHaTa rpo6HHu,a, OTKPHTa Ha
rO,!J,. Bb ctsepHOTO CTpaHH4HO OT,!l,tneHHe Ha npt)l.IJ.BepHeTO, Ha ,!l,bJ1604HHa OKOJlO
M. nn64HTt C.'i'\. 6HJlH
CXBaHaTH
165
M.,
wHpOKa
nOMe}!{,!l,y CH Cb }!{eJlt3HH CK06H,
6HJ1H H3BaAeHH , TbH 4e nJl04HTt ce HaMtpHXa OT4aCTH H3MtCTeHH. HtKOH OTb TtXb
crpaHa HMaTb H3Abn6aHH 6yKBH ttl ,
w, A
oKono
M. H
KOHTO nO-KbCHO C.'i'\.

Ha rOpH~Ta CH
P, stpo~THO KaMeHoAtncKH 3HaKose. Ouopt rpo6HHU,aTa
e 6Hna 3cHBOpeHa Cb rontMH nJl04H OTb C.'i'\.W,H~ MaTepHaJlb, OTb KOHTO e,[J,Ha Ce HaMHpawe OW,e Ha
MtCTOTO CH. T~ e ,!J,e6ena
0'33,
,!l,bJlra
136,
WHpOKa
075
OTAtTo ce BH}!{,!l,a, 4e e B3eTa OTb Apyra HtKaKsa crpa,!l,a .

rontMH 4eTBbpTHTH TyxnH,
30 X 31
31
X 31
M. H Ha e,[J,HaTa CH CTpaHa e npo<PHnyBaHa ,

noAbTb Ha rpo6HHU,aTa
6t nocrnaHb Cb
CM ., no,!l,06HH Ha Tt3H, OTb KOHTO e rpa,o,eHa U,bpKBaTa. 1)
1) -8cH4KH '!aCTH Ha rpo6HHUaTa 6i;xa npi;HeCeHH

omocnt. Bb neopa Ha HaponHH51 Mpei1 , nt.ro rpo6HH -
naTa e noCTpOeHa
HaMi;peHa .
OTHOBO Bb C}I;WH51 BH.!lb, KaKTO 6i;
9*
HeKponoJJbTb Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. Cocjmll
68
Bb rpo6HHLJ,ara, K051TO cHrypHo e 6Hna orsap51Ha Yl no-paHo, ce HaM-tpHxa ABa
cKenera, Cb
rnasHrB Ha 3anaAb, AbnrYI no 160 M., 4YIYITO KOCTYI 6-txa OT4aCTYI pa3M-EcreHYI- EAHO nap4e OTb 4epena Ha eAYIHY\51 CKeJleTb AOCTY!ra He06YIKHOBeHaTa Ae6eJlYIHa OTb
14 MM. no noAa Ha rpo6HYILI,aTa
ce HaM-EpHxa ow,e 6oposH s;y;.rneHYI Yl ApyrH cn-EAYI OTb ropeHe, a raKa
c;y;.w,o
rHHJla MaTepY\51. fpo6HY!LJ,aTa, KaKTO no CTpOeH<a CYI, TaKa Yl no fOJl-6MaTa
Yl
nap4eTa
AbJ1604Y\Ha,
5.
K051TO CE
Ill s-6Kb.
HaM-tpYI, Yl3rJJeH<Aa Aa 6;y;.Ae eAHa OTb Hai1-crapY!T-6 Yl AaTHpa s-tp051THO ow,e OTb
06p. 51.
Ha
OTb Y\3-
lpo6HHUH Bb c-tsepHOTO om-tneHHe Ha np-tnnsepHeTO Ha Cs. CocjJH5!.
TpH A06p-t 3ana3eHYI KaMeHHYI capKocpa3YI c;y;. 6HJ1YI OTKPYITYI 6nH30 AO
Cs. CocpY151 np-EAYI
H-tKOJlKO rOAYIHYI. )],sara c;y;. 6Y1J1Y1 HaM-tpeHYI np-53b 51HyapY1 1884 roA. Ha c-tsepHaTa
CocpY151 Yl c;y;. 6Y1J1YI nocraseHYI Bb ABOpa Ha MJY;.H<Kara rHMHa3YI51,
OTA-ETo
c;y;.
crpaHa
Ha Cs.
np-tHeceHYI Bb HapOA-
HY\51 My3ei1. 1) EAY1HYI51Tb OTb r-txb, OTb CYITH03bpHeCTb 6-tn-53HYIKaBb sapOBHYIKb, e 3ana3eHb 3aeAHO
Cb noxnynaKa, KOi1TO e 6YIJlb npY1Kp-6neHb KbMb KOpYITOTO
r-tcHHT-6 cr-EHYI (o6p.
poKb
52).
CapKocparbTb e BYICOKb
M. Cr-EHHT-6 MY c;y;. Ae6enH
15
124.
nocp-tACTBOMb AB-6 H<eJl-63HYI CK06YI Ha
M, 6e3b KanaKa
079,
215
Yl
WYI-
CM. Ocs-EHb 4empHr-t rpy6H aKporepa Ha ;y;.rnHr-6 Ha KanaKa,
roi1 H-EMa APYrYI HYIKai<BYI yKpaweHY\51. B;y;.rp-t c;y;. 6Y1J1Y1 HaM-tpeHYI ABa cKenera,
1) YlpeYeKb Bb Flrch.-epigr. Mitteil. X. 1886, 48;
Y!peYeKb, n,v;.TyBaHH5!, CTp. 13.
AbJlbfb
6p. lliKopnHJJOBH. C6opH. 3a
nocraseHYI
Bb npo-
Hap. yMoTs. II, 1890, 53;
69
fpaneHH rpo6HHUH Bb ancHnaTa
Tf1BOnOllO<HO HanpasneHHe eAHHb cnpt.MO ApyrH , a TaKa Cli'\W,O I<OCTH!ll<l-1 OTb npaCKOBH H OCTaTbU,H orb H3rHHllO Abpso, ApexH, u,st.r51 H nnoAOBe. 1) BropH51Tb capKocparb (o6p. 53), '-li-1Hro KanaKb
He e 3ana3eHb, e HanpaseHb orb eAp03bpHeCTb YepseHHKaBb nt.cbYHHKb. ToH e BHCOKb 122, Abllbfb
256 H WHpOKb 130 M. Crt.HHrt. MY

c;r:. Ae6enH 18 eM. Ha npt.AH51Ta MY
CrpaHa, Bb WHpOKa paMKa,
npt.AHa3-
HaYeHa st.po51rHo 3a no-ront.Mb HaAnHcb,
Cli'\ H3Abll6aHH CaMO 6yKBHTt.
K 1-1 Y. ~) TperH51Tb capKocparb,

na3eHb
6Hnb
3aeAHO
H3KonaHb
Cb
KanaKa
6111-130
AO
3a-
CH, e
HapoA-
Horo Cb6paHHe (o6p. 54). ToH e HanpaseHb orb eAp03bpHecrb 6t.nb nt.CbYHHKb H e
KanaKa 1 09,
BHCOKb 192 M., 6e3b

Abllbrb 2'26 H WHpOKb
1 14 M. ,O,e6enHHara Ha crt.HHrt. MY
Mt.pH 17 CM . K.anaKbTb, yKpaceHb
c;r:.w,o
e
Cb
6Hllb
YerHpH
3allOBeHb
rpy6H
3a
06p. 52. -
aKporepa,
CapKo<jJarb OT'!:> Cs. Co<jJH51.
I<OpHTOTO Cb
ABt. <ent.3HH CI<06H, nOCTaBeHH Ha rt.CHHTt. My CTt.HH. ,LJ,anH Bb ABaTa capKocpara e 61-1110 HaMt.peHO
Ht.w,o H Kai<BO , He e MH H3Bt.CTHO, TbH KaTO 3a TOBa He Cli'\ 3ana3eHI1 HHKai<BJ.1 6t.nt.H<I<I1.
2.
r paneHYI
rpo6HYIUYI
1. CsoAecra rpo6HHu,a I (no nnaHa Ha ra611. IX), orKpHra Ha 4. VIII. 910 rOA. Bb 113TOYHara
YaCTb Ha anCHAaTa , Ha Abll60YHHa caMO 050 M. nOAb nOAa H (rn. o6p. 41). fpo6HHU,ara, K051TO ce
ornHYasa no ront.MHrt. CH pa3Mt.pH, 3aeMa u,t.nara 113TOYHa nonoBHHa Ha ancHAara, Cb HanpasneHHe
06p . 53. -
CapKo<jJarb OTb Cs. Co<jJH51.
OTb 113TOI<b KbMb 3anaAb. npH Cbrpa<AaHero Ha Cs. CocpH$1 H3TOYHaTa ~ YaCTb e 6Hna orct.YeHa OTb
3HAa Ha anCHAara. Cera rpo6HHu,ara e Abnra OKOllO 420, w11p01<a 335 11 BHCOKa 2'60 M., o6aYe YaCTb
1) f\rch.-epigr. Mitteil. X, 1886, 48.
norpi;wKa nasa,
~) Hpe'leKb (f\rch .-epigr. Mitteil.
MOHorpaMa OTh X H p .
X, 1886, 48) no
BMi;cro
nbpsaTa
6yKsa, xpHCTOBaTa
70
HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. CoH51
OTb He51, Ha W11p04HHa 105 M., AO IO}!{HaTa H CT"BHa,
e 113nb11HeHa Yat<b AO CBOAa Cb 311Aap1151 OTb
rpy611 t<aMbHH 11 xopocaHb 6e3b t<epaMHAH. BHAH ce, Ye Cb T03H rpaAe}!{b ce e roH"B11a u."B11bTa Aa
ce 3a3ApaBH CBOAa Ha rpo6HHU.aTa, Bbpxy t<O~ho e nOYHBa11b nOAbTb Ha ancHAaTa. CaMaTa rpo6HHU.a
e rpaAeHa OTb ro11"BMP. t<BaApaTHH TYX1111 (CTpaHa 32-35 CM., Ae6e1111 4'5-5 CM.) 11 XOpOCaHb Cb TpOWeHH
t<epaMHAH, c11araHb Bb Ae6e1111 n11aCToBe. BpaTaTa ce HaMHpa Bb 3anaAHaTa CT"SHa 11 e WHpOt<a 0'72 M.;
no-ro11-BMaTa
11 YaCTb e 61111a 3anyweHa np11 Cbrpa}!{AaHeTo Ha ApyrH rpo6HHLJ.H. Kat<TO 11 Tp-B6sawe
Aa ce np-BAn011ara, Bb rpo6HHU.aTa He ce yt<a3axa HHt<at<BH np-BAMeTH, TbH t<aTo TS! e 61111a OTBapS!Ha
11 !-134HCTBaHa HaH-Ma.TJt<O seAHa}!{b np11 Cbrpa}!{AaHeTo Ha Cs. CoqmS!.
2. 3HAaHb rpo6b-t<OCTHHU.a II, OTt<pHTh Ha 9. VIII. 910 roA., Bb tOrO-H3TOYHHS! .:Kfb11b Ha ancHAaTa, Ha Ab1160411Ha 1'60 M. nOAb nOAa H.
rpo6bTb e rpaAeHb CbBC"BMb He6p"S}!{H0 OTb
napYeTa
TYX11H 11 TBbpA-B c11a6b xopocaHb. To.::i e AbJlbfb H3B..Tp-B 86, wHpOt<b 45, AbJ160t<b 48 cM., Cb HanpaB11eHHe OTb tOro-3anaAb t<bMb c-Bsepo-H3TOt<b. ,IJ,e6enHHaTa Ha CT'SHHTh MY AOCTHra 20 CM. Ouop-B 6-B
noxnyneHb Cb rpaMaAHa Tyxna,
Abnra 65, WHpot<a 55 11 Ae6ena 8 CM.
(rn. o6p. 56).
CTpaHa Ce
eAHaTa 11
Ha
HaMHpaTb H'St<0111<0 t<p;y,;rnH
Aynt<H, I<OHTO AOCTHraTb CaMO nOJlOBHHaTa
11 Ae6enHHa.
np"BAHa3HaYeHHe
113nHYaHeTO
rpo6a
6-B
B-BpoS!THO T"BXHOTO
Ha
611110
TYX11aTa.
nOCT11aHb
Aa yneCHS!Tb
noAbTb
Cb napYeTa
Ha
OTb
CTpoweHH TYX11H.
Bb rpo6a, Bbpxy eAHHb n11acTh
YepHa 3eMS!,
ce yt<a3axa
Bb AOCTa ro-
11-BMo I<OJlHYeCTBO pa36bpt<aHH 11 CTpOweHH t<OCTH, npHHaA11e}!{aUJ,H HaH-Ma111<0

Ha
ABa
Ct<e11eTa, OTb
I<OHTO eAHHHS!Tb
A'BTCI<H. 0Tb TOBa Ce BH}!{Aa,

T"B C.. 6111111
ro
M"BCTo,
AeHb
Ha
np-BHeceHH
t<aTo 11Mb
6bp3a
Ma11bl<b rpo6b,
06p. -
54.
p.:Kt<a
Ye t<OCTH-
TYt<b OTb APY61111b
Cbrpa-
eAHHb
TBbpA"B
Bb t<Oiho T"B C_.:K MOfJ111
Aa 6;y,;AaTb CJlQ}!{eHH CaMO Bb t<ynb. -
Cap1<oar.:. OTb Cs. CoH51.
Bb 11-Bso OTb T0311 rpo6b ce HaM-BpHxa

ow,e H"Bt<0111<0 t<OCTH,
BHHMaTe11HO
3aX11yneHH Cb AB"B t<epaMHAH (rn. o6p. 56).
3. n110Ct<a rpo6HHU.a Ill, OTt<pHTa Ha 4. VIII. 910 fOA - Bb anCHAaTa Ha Cs. CO<p1151, Ha AbJ160411Ha
01<0110 1 M. nOAb t<aMeHHI151 U.01<b11b Ha LJ.bpt<BaTa. rpo6HHU.aTa, Cb HanpaBJleHHe OTb 113TOI<b KhMb 3ananb, e Abnra 2'05, w11p0t<a 105 11 Ab116ot<a 1'60 M. T51 e rpaAeHa OTh t<BaApaTHH TyxnH Cb pa3'M"BpH3235 eM., Ae6enH4-5 cM., 11 xopocaHb, Bb t<OHTO HMa npHM-BceHH Yyt<aHH t<epaMHAH XopocaHbTh e c11araHb
Bb Ae6e1111 n11aCTOBe. CT"BHHT-B Ha rpo6HHU.aTa c;y,; o611HU.OBaHH OTB.:KTp-B Cb Mp51MOpHH n110YH, Ae6enH
4 CM., Ct<p"SneHH nocp"BnCTBOMb }!{eJ1"B3HH
ron"BMa n110Ya OTb
Ct<0611
(rn. o6p. 57).
3a AbHO Ha
rpo6HHU.aTa C11y}!{eWe
CHHt<aBOCHBb BapOBHHI<b 1 AbJlfa 203 M., WHpOt<a 1 M. 11 Ae6e11a 13 CM.,
t<OS!TO c;y,; H3Ab116aHH Bb TPH t<p;y,;ra XpHCTOBHTh MoHorpaMH,

Aynt<H, YHeTO np"tAHa3HaYeHHe He e
S!CHO (o6p. 58).
"'' Tat<a c;y,;w,o C..
Orrop-B rpo6HHU.aTa
BbpXy
npo6HTH 11 H"Bt<011t<O
e 611na
3aTBopeHa Cb
ro11-BMa t<aMeHHa n110Ya, t<OS!TO e 61111a H3BaAeHa no-paHo.

Ta3H rpo6HHU.a e 61111a OTBopeHa 3a npbBb n.:KTb np"B3b 1893 roA. (rn. o6p. 59). 1)
Bb HeS!
C.. Ce yKa3a11H ABa Ct<e11eTa Cb rnaBHT'S Ha 3anaAb, Me}!{AY I<OHTO Ce e HaM11pa11a Cpe6bpHa KYTHS!
1)
rn . .Uo6pyCKH,
C6opH. 3a
Hap. YMOTB. XIII, 1896,435.
fpaneHH rpo6HHUH Bb anCHllaTa

=~~- ----~----_-c
(capsa), 6oraTO y~<paceHa Cb opHaMeHTH (Ta6n. VIII
eM. Kanal<bTb, 1<olho ce ABH<H Ha .n.st. pe3eTa, e
1-4). 1)
71
__
~----- ---
- ---- -
TSI e BHCOI<a
CM.,
wHpO!<a H ,D,bnra no
CHa6.n.eHb Ha npt..n.HSITa crpaHa Cb 3ai<J110YaJ11<a,
I<OSITO Ce CbCTOH OTb e,D,HO npH!<pt.neHO l<bMb CaMHSI l<analf<HO

CTaBeHO Ha npt.,D,HS!Ta CTpaHa Ha I<YTHS!Ta,
e3H4e H e,D,HO l<y<fJapYe, no-
Bb I<OeTO Ce e BMbi<BaJlb I<J1104bTb.
npt.,D,HS!Ta
H 3a,D,HS!Ta
CTpaHa Ha I<YTHS!Ta Clf.. y~<paceHH Cb n03JlaTeHH XpHCTOBH MOHOrpaMH; OCTaHaJlHTi; CTpaHH, Cb H31<J110YeHHe Ha ,ll,bHOTO, Clf.. y!<paCeHH Cb rpaBHpaHH JlHCTOBH,ll,HH OpHaMeHTH,
06p. 55. -
3acny<asa
BHHMaHHe
rpo6HHUH Bb ancHnaTa Ha Cs.
o6cTOSITeJ1CTBOTO,
TpeTHpaHH
UOCTa
CB060,D,HO.
Coqm~.
Ye opHaMeHTHTt. Ha .n.ecHaTa H nt.sa
Clf.. pa3nOJ10>f<eHH Bb Clf..UJ,O Tai<HBa npO,D,bllfOBaTH UJ,HTOBe, l<ai<TO Bb
cTpaHH (Ta6n . VIII
4)
Hai1-CTapaTa YaCTb Ha ,D,OJlHSITa
M03aHI<a (cp. ,D,OJlHSITa YaCTb Ha Ta6n. XIX). OpHaMeHTHTt. Ha 1<ana1<a (Ta6n. VIII
3)
ce CbCTOSITb OTb
YeTHPH pa31<JlOHeHH u,st.THH JlHCTOBe (nanMeTI<H), nocraseHH Bb YeTHPH TPHN-rbJlHH noneTa Cb H3nN-I<HaJ1H pN.6ose, rpynHpaHH OI<OJlO e.n.Ha MaJll<a po3eTI<a .
BN-Tpt. Bb
I<YTHSITa CN- 6HJ1H
HaMt.peHH yac-
THYI<H OTb H3fHHJ1a MaTepHS! H TpH MHOfO H3TpHTH 6pOH30BH MOHeTH, no YHHTO 06pa3H MO>f<eJlO p,a Ce
npt..n.nomra, Ye npHHap,ne<aTb Ha CHHOBert Ha KoHcTaHTHHa Bemti<H. Cnopep,b TOBa H u,t.naTa rpo6-
1) 1-bnaneHa HaH -Hanp-Enb OTb E. L e B Ian t.

Comptes rendus de l'f\cademie des inscriptions 1899 CTp.
291 Cb enHa Ta6nHua . Cp. H H. L e c I e r c q. Manuel d'
archeol. chretienne II 402 H y Cab r o I, Dictionnaire d"

archeol. chretienne II 2347 cb o6p. 2175.
72
HeKpononbTb Ha ubpKsara Ca. CocpH!!
HHLJ,a w,e Tpt.6sa Aa ce AaTHpa Bb IV st.t<b. 1) Cpe6bpHaTa t<YTH5l e cnymHna

penHt<BHapb 3a CbxpaHeHHe Ha MOW.H,
6e3b CbMHt.HHe t<aTO
t<at<TO MO>Ke ,IJ,a ce 3at<JltOYH no ApyrH aHanorHYHH cnyYaH.~)
4. Cso,IJ,eCTa rpo6HHLJ,a IV, OTt<pHTa Ha 10. VIII. 910 ro,IJ,. Bb 3ana,IJ,HaTa YaCTb Ha anCHAaTa, Ha
AbJl604HHa 120 M. nO,IJ,b no,IJ,a ~ (o6p. 55, Bb ,IJ,eCHO). rpo6HHLJ,aTa, Cb HanpaBJleHHe OTb Y13TOI<b l<bMb
3ana,IJ,b, e Abnra 212, wHpot<a 185 11 BHCOt<a 178 M. T51 e rpaAeHa OTb ront.MH t<Ba,D,paT,HH TYXllH
{33 CM.) 11 xopocaHb Cb Yyt<aHH t<epaMHAH, cnaraHb Bb ,IJ,e6enH nnaCTose . ,lJ,e6enHHaTa Ha CTt.HHTt. ce
paBH51Ba Ha e,IJ,Ha Tyxna. BpaTaTa Ha rpo6HHLJ,aTa ce HaMHpa no cpt.,D,aTa Ha H3T04HaTa CTt.Ha, 058 M.
HaAb no,IJ,a. T51 e BHCOt<a
112, w11poxa 053 M. 11 6t.we 3aTBopeHa Cb ront.Ma J<aMeHHa
nnoya.
no,IJ,bTb e noCTJlaHb Cb TYXllYI.
06p. 56. -
rpo6bKOCTHHUa Bb ancHnaTa Ha Ca . CocpHil .
Bb rpo6HHLJ,aTa ce yt<a3axa weCTb CJ<elleTa, BCYIYI<YI Ha Bb3paCTHYI xopa. neTb OTb ThXb 6t.xa
cnomeHH eAHHb AO APYrb no HanpasneHHe Ha Abll>KHHaTa Ha rpo6HHLJ,aTa, Cb rnaBHTt. Ha 3ana,IJ,b.
WecTH51Tb Ct<eneTb 6t, noCTaBeHb Hanpt.t<o, np11 t<paxaTa
rnasaTa Ha tOrb. Ht.t<oH OTh xocTHTt. 6t.xa
BllH3aHO
Yl
no-paHO, HO TBbpAt,
BHHMaTe!lHO.
8bnpt.t<H
) .llo6pycKH (UHT. M.), KaTO CP.

n030BaBa Ha cpop
Mara Ha MOHOrpaMH-rt., np-tnnonara, Ye KYTHI!Ta nampa
npH6nH3HTenHo OTb VI B"tKb. Toea narHpaHe e CbBC"tMb
norp"tWHO. XpHCTOBHTE MOHOrpaMH Bb Ta3H cpopMa ,
KaKTO TH HaMHpaMe Bbpxy KYTHI!Ta, Ce llBI!BaTb OWe TBbpnl;
paHO, Ha BC"tKH cnyYaH He nOKbCHO OTb HaYaflOTO Ha
YeTBbpTHil B"tKb. np-t3b neTH5l B"tK'b rl; Ce cp-tLUaTb OLUe
nocra Yecro, cn-tnb rosa nocreneHHO H3Ye3BaTb Bb npo
llbJl>t<eHHe Ha WeCTHil s-tKb, KaTO ce 3aM"tHI!Tb Cb 06HK
HOBeHHSI KpbCTb. rn. F.
KrauS, Reai-Encyklopadie
x.
xpal1
pa3Mt.CTeHH , OTb At.To ce BH>KAa,
OCBt.Hb Cllt.AH OTb Yl3fH11Jla MaTepH51, He Ce HaMt.pHxa.

1
Ha APYfHTt.,
rpH>KJlYIBOTO
AHpeHe,
H3TOYHaTa c rt.Ha,
Cb
Ye Bb r'po6HHLJ,aTa e
HHI<ai<BYI
npt.,D,MeTH,
Ta3H rpo6HHLJ,a e ,IJ,Ollt.neHa Henocpt.ACTBeHO
der christlichen Rlterthi.imer, Leipzig 1882-86, II 226234 H 412-417; Geschichte der christlichen Kunst I 130133. Cn-tnosarenHo H MOHorpaMH-rt. yKa3BaTb Ha c;r;LUoTo
sp-tMe, KaKTO H MOHeTHrl;.
2) 3a non06HH penHKBHapH , KOHTO c;r; 6HnH MHOTO
pa3npocrpaHeHH Bb CTapoxpHCTHI!HCKO spi;Me H B"tpOSITHO
c;r; 6HnH noHaCI!HH np-tHMyLUecraeHo OTb CHpH51, rn. H.
Swoboda, Mitteil. der K. K. Zentrai-Kommission XVI,
1890, 1-22; Leclercq y Cabral, Oictionnaired'archeot.
chretienne Ill 1100 en. nonb nyMara chasse.
73
rpaneHH r po6 HH UH Bb ancHnara
,D,O rp06HHU. :na fll , Bb I<OSITO 61; HaMi;peHb Cpef5bpHHSITb penHI<BHapb . npH TOBa SIBHO e, Ye BTOpara
OTb r-Bxb e rpa,rJ,eHa nO-I<bCHO, Tbi1 1<aro Hei1Hara npHn-BneHa cr-BHa e noYTH Ha nonoBHHa nO-TbHI<a
(20 CM .) OTb Apynni; (33 CM.) . ,lJ,onbJlHHTeJlHHSITb CBO,!l,b, I<OHTO Ce 3a6i;n-B3Ba Ha,!l,b rpo6HI1U.aTa , 6e3b
,rJ,a AOCTHra nHu.ero H, e
npaseHb omocn-B. Toi1 cny>+<H Ja ycHnBaHe Ha nol<pHsa Ha
rpo6HHU.aTa, Ja Aa
MO>t<e si;poSI.THO Ta3H
no-
'.,.
cni;,rJ,HSITa ,rJ,a ce H3nonJysa

1<aro no,rJ,nopa np11 Cbrpa >+<AaHero Ha sropara U.bpi<Ba
Cb rOpHHSI M03aJ.14eHb nO,!l,b,
I<OHTO
n04HBa
Henocpi;,!l,-
CTBeHO Bbpxy ,!l,OnbJ1HJ.1TeJ1HJ.151 CBO,!l,b .
5. nnocl<a rp06HHu,a Y, or1<p11ra Ha 10.VIII.

910 ~ Bb Jana,rJ,Hara YaCTb
Ha ancH,rJ,ara, Ha Abn604HHa
160 M. nOAb no,rJ,a H (rn.

55, Bb ni;so). rpo6-
o6p.
HHU.aTa, I<OSITO HMa Hanpa sneHHe

l<bMb
Abnra
OTb
10ro- JanaAb
c-Bsepo-HJTOI<b,
0 6p. 57. -
nnoCJ<ara r po6HHua Ill Bb anc Hnara Ha Ca . CoqJH 51 .
165, WHpO!<a 096, BHCOI<a 052 M. Tst e rpa,rJ,eHa Olb ron-BMH ryxn11 (crpaHa 32-35 CM.,
45-5 CM .) H xopocaHb Cb Yyl<aHH !<epaMHAH, 1<oi1ro e cnaraHb Bb ,rJ,e6enH nnacrose. ,ll,e6em1Hara Ha cr-BHHT-B ce paBHstBa Ha e,rJ,Ha ryxna (33 CM.) . Ti; Cfi"..
,rJ,e6enHHa
:;n,,~
-~~~ . '. ,
J.13Ma3aHJ.1 Cb Bapb, Bb KOSI TO HMa npHMi;CeHH Bb ron-BMO I<OJ1H4eC. TBO

C4yl<aHJ.1 CbBC-BMb Ha ,!l,pe6HO !<epaMH,!l,H, BCni;,rJ, CTBHe Ha I<OeTO M<l3J.1Jll<aTa e ,!J,06Hna YepBeHb U.Bi;Tb. ,lJ,bHOTO Ha rp06HHU.aTa 61; nOCH-
1
, : rll/r''' ';)
'
naHO Cb np-BYHCTeHb n-Bcbl<b, Ha
~~~ ~~
1, ,'
,rJ,e6enHHa
3-4 CM. Orropi; T51
e 3aTBOpeHa
CaMO Cb e,rJ,Ha roni;Ma nJl04a Olb CHHI<aBO-CJ.1Bb BapOB-
HHI<b, ,rJ,e6ena
22 eM .
Bb rpo6HHu.ara ce HaM-BpHxa Hepa3M-BcreHH ,rJ,Ba c1<enera Cb
rnaBHTi; Ha 3ana,rJ,b . PfKu.-Bri; 6-Bxa npocrp-BHH 1<pai1 r-Bnoro. E.o.HHHSITb

Cl<eJleTb
. ,. r. ,, ..
,!l,bJlbrb
HHI<ai<BH ApyrH
1"60, a ApyrHSITb (Bb ,rJ,eCHO) -
I,
CaMO
106 M.
npi;,rJ,MeTH He ce HaM-Bpl'Jxa, ocs-BHb en-BAH Olb H3-
rHHna MarepHst , Ma!<apb no BCHYI<O 11 ,rJ,a ce BH>+<Aa,
6i;
Ye rpo6HHu,ara
He e 611na orsap51Ha no-paHo.
6. nnocl<a (?) rpo6HHU.a VI, OTKPHTa Ha 22. XI. 910 rO,rJ,. Bb

u.eHrpanHaTa YaCTb Ha U.bpi<Bara nOAb 1<ynona, H~ ,rJ,bn6oYHHa 065
M. nO,!l,b nbpBOHa4aJ1HJ.151
nO,!l,b.
rpo6HHU.aTa ,
Cb
HanpasneHHe OTb
187, w11p01<a 112 11

,rJ,bn6oJ<a 121 M. Orropi; e 6Hna nol<pHra s-Bpo>~THO n. ron-BMH nnoYH ,
3.-c-Bsepo-Jana,rJ,b l<bMb H.-tOrO-J.13TOI<b, e Abnra
06p. 58. - KaMeHHa nn o'la OTb

rpo6 HHuara Ill.
KOHTO ornocni;
HaM-BpH
nbnHa
Cb npbCTb.
Bparara , BHCOI<a
Cfi"..
6111111
H3Ba,rJ,eHH ,
Tbi1
Ye u,-Bnara
rpo6HHu,a ce
093 M., ce HaMHpa Bb H3T04Hara crlHa HapaBHO

(32 X 33 CM . J.1 33X 34 CM ., ,rJ,e6enHHa
Cb nO,rJ,a . rpo6HHLI,aTa e rpa,D,eHa Olb ron-BMH I<Ba,!l,parHH ryxnH

Cs. Co <jlH.
10
74
45
HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKBara CB. CocjJHSI
CM ) H cna6b XOpOCaHb 6e3b KepaMHAH, HO Cb roni;MO
c:;y;. H3M33aHH Cb 4epseHa Ma3HnKa, Ae6ena
15
KOnH'.JeCTBO
eM., HanpaseHa OTb
ni;Cbl<b. (Ti;HHTt, H3B1KTpt,
sapb, nt,Cbl<b H roni;Mo KOnH-
4eCTBO C4yKaHH Ha CHTHO KepaMHAH noAbTb e nOCTnaHb Cb TyXnH. Vf3T04HaTa CTi;Ha OTI<bMb ci;sepb
3aeAHO Cb nOnOBHHaTa OTb spaTaTa CiY\ pa3pyweHH npH nonaraHeTO Ha H3T04HHSI OCHOBeHb 3HAb Ha
u,bpKBaTCJ, KO~ho ce spi;3sa Bb rpo6HHU.aTa.
06p. 59. -
lpo6HHuara Ill npH orKpHBaHero 11 nptab 1893 r. (cnopellb eJIHa

ororpa<jm11 Bb HapollHHSI My3ef1)
7. nnocKa rpo6HHU,a VII, OTI<pHTa Ha 12. XI. 910 rOA Bb ci;sepHOTO OTAi;neHHe Ha Hanpt,4HHSI !<Opa6b, Ha Abn604HHa 065 M. nOAb nbpBOHa4anHHSI nOAb Ha
npasneHvte OTb H3TOKb KbMb 3anaAb, e Abnra 201,
wvtpoK-a
U,bpKBaTa.
tp06HHU,aTa,
Cb Ha-
142 H Abn6oKa 1 "32 M. 0Tropt, 6t,
3aTBOpeHa Cb ABt, roni;MH nn04H, OTb I<OHTO eAHaTa (Bbpxy H3T04HaTa 4aCTb Ha rpo6HHU,aTa) e OTb
sapoBHHKb Cb pa3Mt,pH 170
Cb pa3Mt,pH 170
xopvt30HTaneHb
1 M., Ae6ena oKono 10 CM. ,IJ,pyraTa nno4a e OTb TpownHBb rHaikb
120 M., Ae6ena OKono 12 eM. BpaTaTa, KOSITO ouopt, He e 3aCBOAeHa, a HMa
KaMeHeHb
nparb, ce HaMHpa
CaMHSI ci;sepeHb 3HAb TSI e BHCOI<a
51,
Bb H3T04HaTa CTi;Ha, o6a4e
WHpOKa
43
CM., H ce HaMHpa
52
He no
cpt,AaTa
11, a AO
CM. HaAb nOAa. npH OT!<pvt-
75
rpaneHH rpo6HHUH Bb Hanp~~HH~ KOpa6b
saHeTo Ha rpo6HHU,aTa spaTaTa 6-t HaM-BpeHa 3anyweHa Cb napYeTa OTb CTpoweHH TyxnH H npbCTb.
fpo6HHu,aTa e rpaneHa on, ron-BMH KBanpaTHH ryxnH H xopocaHb Cb YyKaHH Ha enpo KepaMHnH,
(2-4 eM.). TyxnHrl H-BMaTb enHaKBH pa3M-BpH. noseYeTo HMaTb CTpaHa

24, 32 H 33 CM., a C}i;. ne6enH 45 CM. Hi;KQH o6aye C}i;. no-ron-BMH: 33 CM. Cb ne6enHHa 75 CM.,
34 11 35 eM. Cb ne6enHHa 7 eM. TbHKHT-B TyxnH HMaTb o6HKHOBeHHrl nHaroHanHH nHHHH, TerneHH no
cnaraHb Bb ne6enH nnacTOse
nsi; HnH no TpH Cb npbCTH np-BnH H3nHYaHeTO, a ne6enHTi; H-BMaTb HHKaKBH 3HalJ,H. nonbTb Ha rp06HHU,aTa 6i; nocrnaHb Cb ni;CbKb.
Bb }i;.rbna no spaTaTa ce HaM-BpHxa HaTpynaHH Bb Kynb KOCTH,
a ocs-BHb Tosa yKa3axa ce H TPH u,-BnH CKeneTa Cb rnasH no 3ananHaTa
CnHa,
3aTpynaHH nOYTH u,i;nH Cb npbCTb. npH
nbpBH51
CKeneTb
(no
IOH<HaTa CnHa) He Ce HaM-BpH HHW,O. Bb npbCTbTa Ha BTOpH51 CKeneTb

ce HaM-BpHxa napYeTa OTb cYyneHa CTbKneHa yawa (o6p. 60), BHCOKa
11) 10 CM., Cb He06HKHOBeHO TbHKH CnHH, a TaKa
(cn-tnb peCTaBpaU,H51Ta
C}i;.ll.I,Q napYeTa OTb CTbKneHO WHWe Cb BHCOKa H ncHa WHHKa. npH

rnasaTa Ha C}i;.ll.I,H51 CKenen, ce HaM-BpH Hrna 3a Koca on, cnoHosa
KOCTb,
nbnra
14 eM., Ha T}i;.nH51 Kpai1 ManKo Hane6eneHa, H caMo enHa
3naTHa o6i;u,a, HanpaseHa

( o6p.
OTb xanKa H BHcynKa, nbnra BCHYKO
61 ); a KbMb rbpnHrl -
ManKa 6pOH30Ba MenHU.HHCKa
Cb OTYyneHa no nonosHHaTa npb}!{Ka, nbnra cera

MaTa ci;sepHa CnHa,
Ce
HaM-BpH CaMO
T-BCHa WHHKa, BHCOKO
12 CM.
4'5 CM.
06p 60. - CTbKneHa ~awa OTb

rpo 6 HHuaTa VII (1/2 eCT. ron.).
nb>KHYKa
12 eM. npH rnasaTa Ha TpeTH51 cKenen,, no ca-
enHO CTbKneHO
WHWeHUe, OTYaCTH OTYyneHO, Cb nbnra H
8. CsonecTa rpo6HHu,a VIII, oTKpHTa Ha 29. IX. 910 ron. Bb c-tsepo-3ananHH51 }i;.rbnb Ha Hanpi;yHH51 KOpa6b, Ha nbn604HHa OKOnO 60 CM. nOnb nbpBOHaYanHH51 nonb Ha U,bpKBaTa. fpo6HHU,aTa, Cb
HanpasneHHe on, H3TOKb KbMb 3ananb, e nbnra 214, wHpoKa 175 H BHCOKa 151 M. T51 e rpaneHa
OTb roJI-BMH YeTBbpTHTH TyXnH H XOpOCaHb,
Bb KOHTO HMa npHM-BCeHH TBbpni; ManKO CTpoweHH Ha
enpo KepaMHnH. TyxnHrl, KOHTO Ha enHaTa CH crpaHa HMaTb o6HKHOBeHHrl ns-t HnH TPH nHHHH,
TerneHH Cb npbCTb no nHaroHana, He C}i;. BCHYKH enHaKBO ron-BMH. npH H3M-BpBaHH51Ta Ce. nonyYHXa
28X27X4 eM., 285X265X4 eM., 30X275X45 CM. OTA-BnHH ryxnH, KaTo

H3Kn!OYeHHe, HMaTb ow,e no-ron-BMH pa3M-BpH: 37 X 29 X 5 eM.; a enHa ryxna, K051TO cny}!{H KaTo
nparb Ha spaTHYKaTa, Mi;pH 57 X 40 X 8 CM. ,ll,e6enHHaTa Ha crlHHT-B e OKano 30 eM.
cn-EnHHrl pa3M-BpH:
XopocaHbTb e cnaraHb Bb ne6enH nnacrose, KOHTO ce paBH51BaTb Ha ne6enHHaTa Ha

TyxnHTi;. BpaTaTa,
HaTa mHa,
BHCOKa
53 H WHpOKa 45 CM., ce HaMHpa no cpi;naTa Ha H3T04-
65 CM. Hanb nona, H 6i;we 3aTBOpeHa Cb roni;Ma KaMeHHa nnoYa. l13B}i;.Tpi;
rp06HHU,aTa e H3Ma3aHa Cb XOpOCaHb OTb Bapb, ni;CbKb H KbnYHW,a. no KpaHW,aTa Ha

H3TOYHaTa H 3ananHaTa crlHH e TerneHa Cb YepseHa 6o51 no enHa paMKa, wHpoKa 4 eM.
,ll,pyrH cn-BnH o6aYe OTb pecKH no crlHHrl He ce 3a66n-B3saxa. nonbTb 6-t nocTnaHb
Cb enHHb nnaCTb on, YHCTb n-tcbKb, ne6enb OKano
8 eM.
fpo6HHu,aTa e 6Hna oTsap51Ha no-paHo, 3a KO:no u,i;nb e 6Hna npo6HTa nocra

06p. 61.-3n. ron-BMa nynKa Bb 3ananHaTa 11 crlHa, 6e3b na ce MHHasa np-B3b spaTaTa, Haxon51w,a ce
o6~ua
OTb
rpo6H. VII
(eCT. r.).
Bb cpi;w,HaTa CT-BHa. np-t3b Ta3H nynKa
6i; HaXbnTana Bb rp06HHU,aTa nOCTa MHOrO
npbCTb, npH YHeTO pa34HCTBaHe Ce HaM-BpH enHa CbBbpWeHHO H3TpHTa 6pOH30Ba MO-
HeTa (nHaMeTbpb
15 MM.), K051TO no THnb H3rne}!{na na 6;y;ne BH3aHTHHCKa. MoHeTaTa o6aYe H-BMa
3HaYeHHe 3a naTaTa Ha rpo6HHu,aTa, noHe}!{e no sc-tKa s-Bpo51THOCTb e nonanHana B}i;.Tp-B 3aenHo

Cb HaBn-B3naTa OTBbHb npbCTbo
9. Csonecra rpo6HHu,a IX, oTKpHTa Ha 5. X. 910 ron. Bb c-tsepHaTa YaCTb Ha Hanp-BYHH51 KOpa6b, Ha nbn60YHHa OKOnO 120 M. nOnb nbpBOHaYanHH51 nOnb Ha U,bpKBaTa. fpo6HHU,aTa, Cb HalO*
76
Het<pononbTb Ha Ubpt<BaTa Cs. Cocj>H~
rrpaeneHI1e OTb 113TOKb KbMb 3ananb, ce HaMt.p11 noYTI1 CbBci:.Mb pa3pyweHa, ecnt.ncre11e Ha Koero
BI1C0411Hara 11 W11p0411Hara H He MOH<axa na ce yCTaHOB51Tb. )J,bnra e 181 M. 11 e rpaneHa OTb ryxn11
11 xopocaHb Cb YyKaHI1 KepaMI1A11. Bparara, w11poKa 41 CM., e noCTaeeHa Bb 113T04Hara cTt.Ha, o6aYe
He ce HaM11pa no cpt.nara H, a e nont.neHa no caMI151 ct.eepeHb 311Ab Ha rpo6HI1u,ara.
10. CeoneCTa rpo6H11u,a X, orKp11ra Ha 11. XI. 910 ron. Bb u.eHrpanHara Yacrb Ha U.bpKeara,
nOAb Kyno11a, Ha Ab1160411Ha 32 CM. nOAb ropH51ra M03ai14Ha HaCTI111Ka 11 107 M. nOAb nbpBOHa4a11HI151 nOAb Ha U.bpKBara. rpo6HI1U,ara, Cb HanpaB11eHI1e Orb 113T0Kb KbMb 3ananb, e Ab11ra 176, Wl1pOKa 138
11
BI1COKa 2
M.
Bb
He~
ce
B11113a
orb
113T04Hara H CTpaHa
no enHa CTbJ16a,
Wl1-
poKa 69 eM., Cb Yer11p11 rpaneHI1 cr;;;na11a, orb KOI1rO nbpeoro (Hai:i-ropHoro) e BI1COKO 23 11 w11p01<0
35 CM., BTOpOTO e BI1COKO 40 11 W11pOKO 42 CM., rperOTO e BI1C9KO 44 11 W11p01<0 25 CM., a YerebpTOrO e BI1COKO caMo 18 11 w11pOKO 32 eM. BxOAbTb, 41151ro BI1C0411Ha ce paBH51Ba Ha BI1C0411Hara Ha
rpo6H11u,ara, He ce HaM11pa no cpt.nara
(rn. n11aHa Ha rpo6H11u.ara Ha ra611.
IX
Ha 113rOYHara CTt.Ha, a 3aeMa caMO ct.eepHara H n0110BI1Ha
np11
X).
np11411Hara 3a ra311
ac11Merp114HOCTb, KaKro ll..l,e BI1-
AI1Mb no-no11t., e npyra enHa cbct.nHa rpo6H11u,a, K051ro e 61111a noCTpoeHa no-paHo. Orropt. exonbrb,
111111 no-npaeo nynt<ara, npt.3b K051ro ce e11113a no crb116ara Bb rpo6HI1u,ara, 6t.we 3aTBopeHa Cb net.
ro11i:.MI1 KaMeHHI1 n110411. rpo6H11U,ara e rpaneHa Orb KBanparHI1 ryX1111, 411SirO
BCi:.Mb enHat<ea (CTpaHara Mi>p11
r011i>M11Ha He e Cb-
29, 30 111111 32 CM., ne6e1111Hara 45 eM.), 11 He0611KHoeeHo 51Kb xopo-
caHb Cb Ma11KO cYyKaHI1 Ha enpo !<epaM11AI1, c11araHb Bb ne6e1111 n11aCToee. H3e;;;rpt. CTi:.HI1rt. He c;;;
113Ma3aHI1, o6a4e Ha CBOAa XOpOCaHbrb Or4aCrl1 e 11311i:.3b11b
ryx1111rt., ra o6pa3yea Hi>ll..l,o Karo
BbHb OTb MeH<A11HI1Ti:. Ha
Ma31111Ka, Bb K051ro ce 3a6t.11i>3BaTb orneYarbU.I1 OTb
AbpBerara, KOI1rO CN\ C11YH<I11111 Karo cpopMa np11 113rpaH<naHero Ha CBOna. non06HO npi:.nHa3Ha4eHI1e c;;; 11Ma1111 et.po51rHo 11 Yen1p11rt. nynKI1 Ha Ab11rl1rt. crlHI1, 6111130 no ;;;r1111Tt.,
Ha 1111HI151ra, Orb K051rO 3an04Ba na Ce 113BI1Ba CBOAbrb. noAbTb 6t, nOCT11aHb Cb n11aCrb
(6 CM .) OTb npi:.411CreHb H<b11reHI1KaBb ni:.CbKb Cb r011i:.MO 1<011114eCTBO CJliOAa.

B;;;rpt.wHocrbra Ha rpo6H11U.ara ce HaMt.p11 CbBCi>Mb 411Cra. Ha nona ce rbpl<a1151Xa caMo 2-3 napYera orb ryx1111 11 xopocaHb, nanHa1111 et.po51rHo Oll..l,e np11 3aceoA51BaHero Ha rpo6H11u.ara. Bb IOro-3ananHI151 N\fb11b, Kpai1 IOH<Hara cTi>Ha, 11i>H<.ewe nt.rct<l1
cKe11erb, Ab11brb 95 eM., Cb rnaeara Ha 3ananb. EnHa KOCrb OTb yepena 6t. orxepbt<Ha11a
YaKb no ct.eepHara crt.Ha Ha rpo6H11u,ara 11 caMI151Tb Yepenb He croewe rOYHO no cpt.nara Ha cKe11era, a 6t.we orMt.CTeHb ManKo Bb necHo. no roea 113rneH<na, Ye rpo6H11u,ara
e 611na oreap51Ha eeYe 11 no-paHo. Bb necHo OTb Yepena
113nnereHa orb
06p. 62.
rbHbKb
renb,
Abnra
ce
HaMi>p11
3narHa eep11H<Ka,
62 eM. Ha ropH1151 t<pai:1 eep11H<Kara 3aebpwea Cb
3naTHa se- ManKa xanKa, a Ha A011HI151 Kpai:1 BI1CSirb enHO 3eneHo KaMbYe 11 nonb Hero eni1Hb 611cepb
pHH<Ka OTb
rpo 6 H. x (o6p. 62). H3b nt.cbKa oKono cKenera 11 nOAb Hero ce HaMi>p11xa MHOro6poHH11 3narHI1
(ecr. ron.).
HI1WKI1, orb t<011ro ce BI1H<Aa, ye nt.rero e 611no norpe6aHo Bb CKN\nl1 npex11, et.3aHI1 Cb
3naro.
OrHoc11re11Ho narara Ha rpo6H11u.ara 11Ma na ce 3a6t.nt.H<I1, Ye r>~ rpt.6ea na e 611na Cbrpa.neHa npt.n11 eropara U.bpKea Cb ropH1151 Mo3ai1YeHb nonb, r. e. npt.n11 HaYanoro Ha ner11>1 ei:.t<b,
TbH Karo M03ai14HI151rb nOAb MI1Haea Henocpt.ncreeHo HaAb ceona Ha rpo6H11u,ara, 6e3b na e 61111b
pa3Ban51Hb Ha rosa Mt.cro. Orb npyra crpaHa rpo6H11U.aTa ce HaMHpa Henocpt.ncreeHo AO 311AOeert.
Ha Hai:i-crapara U.bpKea orb HaYanoro Ha
Yerebpr1151
ornt.ro MOH<e na ce 3aK!ll0411, ye U.bpKeara e
et.Kb 11
no-CTapa.
e op11eHr11paHa napa11e11HO Cb He51,
Cnt.noeare11HO rpo6H11u,ara MOH<e Cb no-
!lOH<I1re11HOCrb na ce nar11pa Bb Yerebpr1151 et.Kb.

np11 BHI1Mare!lHO pa3rneH<naHe Ha rpo6HI1U,ara ce yKa3a, Ye Ha enHO Mi:.CrO Bb 113r04Hara
crt.Ha, no caMI151 nonb, ryxn11rt. He 6t.xa nocraeeHI1
xop1130HranHo Ha W11pOKara c11 crpaHa Bb o611-
KHOBeHoro nonoH<eHHe KaKro ce rpanl1 311Ab, HO yer11p11 orb rt.xb 6t.xa 113npaeeHI1 Bbpxy rt.cHara
c11 crpaHa Bb eepr11Ka11HO nonoH<eHv.e. 3a na ce Y51CHI1 ro311 Heo611KHOBeHb Ha411Hb Ha rpa.neH<b,
fpaneHH rp06HHUH Bb
Hanp~YHH~
77
KOpa6b
Koiho npHllHYawe noseye Ha o6nHu,OBKa, BbnpoCHHT-E ryxnH 6-Exa pa36HTH. 3aAb r-Exb ce noKa3a
Apyrb 3HAb, KOI~ho Cli'.W,O 61; np06HTb H no T03H HaYHHb Ce HaTbKHaXMe Ha eAHa rpaAeHa rpo6HHU,a
Cb nllOCbKb noKpHBb, KOSITO OTb HHKOSI Apyra CTpaHa He 61-1 6Hlla AOCTI'i'.nHa, nOHeme 61-1 rpi;6saJlO
nO-Hanp-EAb Aa ce pa3pywaTb OKOJlHHT-E CTapH 3HAOBe H M03aH4eHb nOAb.
11. nnocKa rpo6HHU,a XI, OTKpHTa Cti<.W,HSI AeHb
4p-E3b npo6HBaHe Ha H3T04Hara cr-EHa Ha
rpo6HHu,ara X, KaKro ce o6SICHH no-rop-E. Ta3H rpo6HHu,a, Cb HanpasneHHe OTb H3TOKb KbMb 3anaAb, ce HaMHpa Ha Abll604HHa OKOllO 2 50 M. nOAb nbpBOHaYa!lHHSI nOAb Ha u,bpKsara. TSI e Abllra
1'90, wHpOKa 062 H Abn6oKa 0 57 M., noKpHra caMo Cb eAHa rpaMaAHa KaMeHHa nnoYa.
Cr-EHHT-E
Cti<. rpaAeHH OTb TYXllH H XOpOCaHb Cb YyKaHH KepaMHAH, a nocni; Cli'. H3Ma3aHH H3B)f:.Tpi; Cb Bapb,
CM-ECeHa Cb ro!li;Mo KOJlHYeCTBO CYyKaHH CbBC-EMb Ha CHTHO KepaMHAH, no KOSITO npH4HHa TSI
1-13-
rne>f{Aa CbBC-EMb YepBeHa. noAbTb e nOCTJlaHb Cb ron-EMH KBaApaTHH rylCllH (crpaHa 34'5 CM., Ae6eJlH 5 CM.), nOCTaBeHH Bbpxy n!laCTb OTb 4HCTb 6-Ellb ni;CbKb, AeOeJlb 5 CM.
Bb rpo6a ce yKa3axa ABa cKenera Ha Bb3pacrHH xopa Cb rnasHr-E Ha 3anaAb.
H ABara
Ye-
pena, KaKTO H ocraHanHr-E KOCTH, ce 6-Exa seye pa3naAHaJlH. OrcrpaHH Ha c-EsepHHSI yepenb ce HaM-EpHxa AB-E 3JlaTHH o6i;u,H, HanpaBeHH OTb XaJlKH, Ha KOHTO BHCS!Tb nHpaMHAallHH yKpaweHHSI OTb
MaJ1Kt1
TOnYeTa
(o6p. 63).
,lJ,bJl>f{HHaTa Ha BC-EKa o6i;u,a e 2 '5 CM ., TSimeCTbTa 1"65 rp.
noA06HH
o6-Eu,H Cti<. HaMHpaHH H APYrb nli'.Tb y HaCb Bb pHMCKH nnacrose. noA06HH Cti<. Hanp. eAHH Heo6HapOABaHH ow,e o6-Eu,H orb ron-EMoro pHMCKO CbKpOBHw,e or-:, HHKonaeso,
3aposeHO Bb 3eMSITa MemAy 244-249 roA . CJl. Xp. 1) np-EABHAb Ha
r-E3H
aHanorHH H noHeme rpo6HHu,ara, KaKTO ce o6SICHH no-rop-E, e cHrypHo

no-crapa OTb CbC-EAHara
HOCTbTa, nbpsara Aa
Heii
Aampa
rpo6HHu,a X, He e H3KlltoYeHa
Bb3MOm-
Ill s-EKb. Ha sc-EKH cnyYaii
ow,e orb
TSI He we 6ti<.Ae nO-KbCHa orb HaYanoro Ha IV s-EKb.

12. nnocKa rpo6HHU,a XII, OTKPHTa Ha
Hara YaCTb Ha U,bpKBara, nOAb
Kynona,
8. X. 911 r0A Bb u,eHrpan-
Ha Abll604HHa
06p. 63. - 3naTHH 06~UH OTb

rpo6HHuara XI (ecT. r on.).
155 M, nOAb
nbpBOHaYaJlHHSI nOAb. rpo6HHU,aTa, Cb HanpaBJleHHe OTb tor0-3anaAb KbMb ci;sepO-H3TOKb, e Abllra

132, WHpOKa 0'45 H Ab!l60Ka 0'57 M.
rpaAeHa e OTb ron'tMH TYXllH (pa3M-EpH 25
X 36 X 4
CM.) H
xopocaHb 6e3b KepaMHAH . Cr-EHHT-E OTBti<.Tp-E Cti<. H3Ma3aHH Cb xopocaHb. Orropi; rpo6HHu,ara 6-E
noKpHra Cb rpH MHOro ron-EMH ryxnH (pa3M-EpH 60 X 52
CTpaHa HMaTb 3Hali,H Bb BHAb Ha 3Hr3arb.
6 CM.), KOHTO Ha eAHara CH no-3arnaAeHa
noAbTb e CaMO OTb 3eMSI. 8b rpo6HHU,aTa, KOSITO He e
61-1na orsapS!Ha no-paHo, ce HaM-EpH caMo eAHHb CKenerb Cb rnasara Ha 3anaAb, Abllbrb 115 M.
13. CsoAecra rpo6H1-1u,a XIII, orKpHra Ha 6. XI. 910 roA. Bb tomHOTO OTA-ElleHHe Ha Hanp-EYHHSI
Kopa6b, Ha Ab!l60YI-1Ha 40 CM . nOAb nbpBOHaYallHHSI nOAb Ha
pa3pyweHb H rpo6H!-1U,aTa
nbJlHa u,i;na Cb npbCTb,
u,bpKsara. CsOAbTb 6-Ewe Cbsc-EMb
no KOSITO npH4HHa TSI He 61; H3Cll-EABaHa no-
nOAp06HO.
14-15. CsoAecm rpo6HI-1U,I-1 XIV H XV, OTKPI-1TH Ha 29. XI. 910 roA.
Ha pa3Ha
Abll6041-1Ha
Bb u,eHrpanHHSI Kopa6b
riOAb nbpBOHa4aJlHI-1SI nOAb Ha U,bpKBaTa (np1-1 nbpBaTa 110,
npH BTOpara
0 70 M.). ,lJ,si;ri; rpo6H!-1U,I-1 , KOHTO ce On1-1paTb eAHa AO Apyra Cb T-ECHHT-E CH CT-EHI-1, HMaTb HanpaBlleH!-1e OTb CEBepb KbMb torb.
nonaraHe
OCHOBHI-151
nbpBaTa rpo6HHU,a,
31-iAb Cb llEBHT-E
OKOllO 220 M. LJ,tnara
11 Bti<.TptwHOCTb 6t nb!lHa Cb npbCTb. (BOAbTb Ha rpo6H1-1u,ara XV 6t or-
YaCTH pa3pyweHb H Bti<.rptwHOCTbTa 11 nb!lHa

H WHpOKa
OKOJlO 2 M.
41-iSITO ci;sepHa CT-EHa e 6H!la pa3pyweHa npH
n!-1JlaCTp1-1 Ha U,bpKBaTa, e Ab!lra cera OKOllO 4 M. H WHpOKa
AOropt Cb npbCTb. TSI e Abllra cera OKOllO 290 M.
H ABi;ri; rpo6HHU,H Cli'. rpaAeHH OTb ron-EMH KBaApaTHH TYXllH H XOpOCaHb'

TE He 6txa I-13CllEABaHH no-nOAp06HO.
nopaAYI nonypa3pyweHOTO YIMb CbCTOSIHI-ie

1)
rn. Jahrbuch des deutschen archaei. lnstit. XXV. 1910. F\nzeiger 339 en.
l--13stcTHSl Ha 5bn r. apxeon . npyH<. I. 1910, 224 H II. 1911, 276.
H XXVI,
1911,
F\nzeiger 36~
en;
!.
'
78
Het<ponOJlbTb Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. CoHll
16. Cso,!J,ecra rpo6HHu,a XVI, ort<pHra Bb u,eHrpanHHSI t<opa6b Ha 12. XI. 910 ro,!J,. Ha Abn6o4HHa 110 M. nO,[I,b nbpBOHa4anHHSI nO,!J,b Ha U,bpt<BaTa.
t<bMb
!Orb,
e ,!J,bnra 2 14, wHpot<a 197
1-1
rpo6HHU,ara , Cb HanpasneHHe
OTb ci;sepb
BHCOt<a 205 M. TSI e rpaAeHa orb ron-tMH t<Ba,!l,parHH ryxnH
(CTpaHa 30-32 eM. , Ae6enHHa 45-5 eM., M-tpeHH Ha nHu,ero Ha rpo6HHu,ara), H xopocaHb Cb Yyt<aHH
t<epaMHAH,
cnaraHb Bb Ae6enH nnacrose. Bparara ce HaMHpa Ha c-tsepHara cr-tHa, o6a4e He no
cp-tAara, a nose4e t<bMb H3T04Hara cr-tHa , orb t<OSITO e or,[l,aneYeHa caMo Cb 44 eM. CaMara spara ,
I<OSITO
OTropi;
3aBbpWBa
Cb
XOpH30HTaneHb
H Ce HaMHpa 085 M. Ha,[l,b no,[J,a.
t<aMeHeHb npafb,
npH OTt<pHBaHeTO Ha rpo6HHU,aTa
ron-tMa t<aMeHHa nno4a , 3aMa3aHa
06p. 64. -
Haot<ono Cb sapb
1-1
BHCOt<a 072, WHpOt<a

TSI
ce yKa3a
058
3aTBOpeHa Cb
t<bn4HLJ..(a. ,lJ,e6enHHara Ha c-tsepHHSI
3H.D.b,
Hanll b )f{eHb pa3p-B3b Ha rpo6HHUaTa XVI.

I
'!
A-tro e sparara, M-tpH 050 M. noAbTb 6-t nocrnaHb Cb n-tcbt<b. Y13B}ii\Tp-t CrEHHrE c}ji\ H3Ma3aHH Ha.:iHanpi;Ab Cb e,!J,Ha no-rpy6a Ma3Hnt<a, HanpaBeHa OTb sapb, nl;Cbt<b H t<bn4HLJ..(a . Bbpxy rb3H nnacTb
cn-tABa Apyra no-xy6asa Ma3Hnt<a OTb sapb
rpo6HHU,aTa Bbpxy Ta3H BTOpa
1-1
Yyt<aHb
Ma3HnKa e H3nHCaHa
,[l,anH orb snarara , oco6Ho Bb AOnHHrE
YacrH,
A-tro
MpSIMOpb (LJ..(yt<b).
Cb
U-tnara B}ji\rp-twHOCTb Ha
<f>peCKH , KOHTO (}ji\ Be4e ,[I,OCTa noCTpa-
LJ..(yt<osara Ma3HnKa Ha MHoro
M-tcra ce
orn-tnHna H H3na,[l,ana. TasaHbTb e pHcysaHb u,i;nb Cb ron-tMH 4epseHH u,s-tTSI 3ae,o.11o Cb crb6nara
(Mat<b), Me<AY t<OHTO ce HaMHpaTb OT,!J,-tnHH nHcra (rn. ra6n. XX 1). ,D,pyrHri:. cr-tHH Ha rpo6HHu,ara C}ji\
,[l,et<OpHpaHH no e,[I,Hat<bBb Ha4HHb, a HMeHHO 4p-t3b pa3,[1,i;nSIHe Ha 4eTBbpTHTH nonera, KOHTO HMHTHpaTb no Bdt<a s-tpoSITHOCTb MpSIMOpHa o6nHu,OBt<a (rn. ra6n. XX 2 H o6p. 64 H 65). Me>+<AY ri:.xb C}ji\
nOCTaBeHH ,[I,OCTa CJ.1nHO CT11nH3HpaHH U,Bi;THCTH OpHaMeHTH, t<OHTO HanO,o.06SIBaTb nOCt<OpO t<aH,o.ena6pH ,
OTt<OnKoro Abpsera. Orropi; ce HaMHpaTb <f>pH30Be OTb CbeAHHeHH 3aocrpeHH apt<H Cb Mant<H u,s-trYera Bb cpi;Aara. CrliHHrE, t<at<ro H OTA-tnHHrE opHaMeHrH , c}ji\ o6rpa,o.eHH Cb S1pt<o4epseHH nHHHH,
\'
\~
'
.,
I
79
rpaaeHH rpo6HHUH Bb rnaBHH~ KOpa6b
W11pOKI1
4-5
CM. 3acnyH<aBa Aa ce 113ThKHaTh rOJli:.MaTa CB060Aa 11 ecTeCTBeHOCTb, Cb KOI1TO Clf.. Tpe-
T11paHI1 opHaMeHTI1Ti:., oco6eHo u.si:.n!Ta Ha csoAa .
XyAOH<HI1KbTh
MaKOBI1 LJ,Bi:.TSI IleKO 11 HenpHHyAeHO eAHO AO Apyro, 6e3b Aa r11
HaXBbpmtllb Ti:.311 SICH04epseHI1
CBbp3Ba
noMeH<AY
CTI1J111311pa, npocro TaKa, KaKTO 40Bi:.Kb r11 BI1H<Aa 0611KHOBeHO Bb nOJleTO.

LI,I1SITa XYAOH<HHKbTh ce e noBJ111SIIlb
6e3b
CbMHi:.HHe
OTh
Bb3peHHSITa
11Mb
np11 1136opa
Ha
cTapHTi:.
111111
Aa r11
Ha AeKopa-
rbpU.11
11 p11M-
IlSIHI1, np11 KOI1TO MaKbTb e 11rpa11b roni:.Ma ponS! Bb KYilTa Ha MbpTBHTi:..

Bb rpo6HHLJ,aTa ce yKa3axa neTb CKeneTa Cb
rnas11Ti:.
Ha
3anaAb,
BCI14KI1 CbBci:.Mb pa3no-
H<eHH, o6a4e HI1Kat<b He pa3Mi:.cTeHI1. Plf..u.i:.Ti:. 11Mb He 6t.xa CKpbCTeHI1 Bbpxy rbpAHTi:., a cnoH<eHH HaAJlbH<b Kpa?i Ti:.JlOTO. nbpB11SITh CKeJleTh,
Abllbrb
1'67
M.,
HaH-CTapOTO norpe6eHHe Bb rp06HHLJ,aTa, Ce HaMHpawe
KOHTO
Bb
6e3b
CbMHi:.HHe
CaMOTO AbHO t<pa?i
np11HaAJ1eH<I1 Ha
IOH<HaTa CTi:.Ha, He-
. !
06p. 65.
nocpi:.ACTBeHO AO HeSI.
no
Ci>sepHaTa cTi>Ha Ha rpo6HHUaTa XVI Cb apaTaTa.
CKeJleTa
Ce
3a6i:.Jli:.3Baxa
MaTep11S1, a TaKa Clf..UJ,O HaMi:.p11Xa Ce nOAb Hero 11

H<eJli:.3HI1 rB03Ael1, OTAi:.TO Ce B11H<Aa, 4e Ti:.JlOTO e
OUJ,e
HaOKOJlO
611110
Klf..COBe
OTh
nap4eTa
nOCTaBeHO
113rHI1Jla TbHKa KOnpHHeHa
OTb
Bb
113rHI1J111 AbCKI1 11 rpy611
AbpBeHb KOB4erb. , ,lJ,o rna-
BaTa Ha T0311 CKeneTb ce HaMi:.pH cpe6bpHa 11rna 3a Koca, 3ana3eHa u.t.na, Abllra
ManKa TOnKa, a np11 Jli:.BaTa plf..Ka -
rpHBHSI OTh J111rHI1Tb (A11aMeTbpb
6'8
121
CM.),
eM., Ha Bbpxa Cb
Ha
KOSITO
Ha ABi:.
Mi:.cTa Clf.. np0611T11 ABi:. MaJ1KI1 AynKI1. Ocsi:.Hb iosa Bbpxy Taca Ha CKeneTa ce HaMi:.p11 CTbKJ1eH11Ua
Bb B11Ab Ha TbHKa
6eApaTa -
enpyseTKa,
no
cpi>AaTa
Cila6o 113AyTa,
Abilra
32 CM. (o6p . 46 OTAOili:.); MeH<AY
CTbKJleHO WI1We, BI1COKO . 19'5 CM., Cb He0611KHOBeHO AbilrO 11 Ti:.CHO
Apyro Cb TOn4eCTa opMa 11 w11p0K11 xyHHoo6pa3HI1 ycTa, BI1COKO

KaTypeHa rJ111HeHa CTOMHI14Ka 6e3b ApbH<Ka (o6p.
Ce HaMi:.pHXa MaJlKO
nOAaJ1e4b,
MeH<AY
BT0p11S1 11
68),
BI1COKa
rbp110 (o6p.
66)
11
19 CM. (o6p. 67); np11 caMHTi:. Kpat<a

21 CM., 41111TO ycTa 6i:.xa OT4yneHI1 11
TpeTI1SI CKeJleTb.
f\KO
Ce
Clf..A11
no
cpe6bpHaTa
11ma 11 no rpHBHSITa, w,e Tpi:.6sa Aa npHeMeMb, 4e nbpB11SITb cKeneTb npHHaAneH<I1 Ha Hi:.K051 H<eHa.
~- -
__ _-__._ ..,..,.'""116:::
80
HeHpononbTb Ha UbpHsaTa Ce CoqJHS!.
BropH51Tb cKeneTb, Abilbrb 105 M., nemewe Henocpt.ACTBeHo AO nbpBH51. no Hero C.'i\W,O ce
3a6i;ni;3aaxa 'laCTH OTb H3rHH!la KOnpHHeHa MaTepH51, o6a'le HHKaKBH C!ltAH
OTb AbpBeHb KOBYerb
He MOH<axa Aa ;:.e KOHCTaTHj.)aTb. npH KpaKaTa MY ce HaMtpH eAHO XOAH!lO OTb o6yaKa, Ab!lrO
22 CM.,
HanpaBeHO OTb f.'i\6a H o6ni;'leHO no-paHO Bb KOH<a . npHHaAJJeH<aW,eTO KbMb Hero BTOpO XOAH!lO
ce HaM-&pH no-Aane'lb npH 'leTabpTH51 cKeneTb (rn. o6p.
H:!MHpawe C.'i\Llf,O
69). TperH51Tb CKeneTb, Ab!lbfb 152 M., ce
Henocpi;ACTBeHO AO BTOpH51. no Hero ce 3a6tnt3aaxa K.'i\COBe OTb H3rHHJla KO-
np11HeHa MarepH51, o6aYe HtMaWe HHf<af<BH C!ltAH OTb AbpBeHb KOB'lerb.
162 M., ce HaMHpaxa eAHHb AO APYfb, OTAane40 CM., HenocptACTBeHO AO ctsepHaTa (BXOAHa) CTtHa Ha rpo6HHU,aTa. VJ
LJerabpTH51Tb 11 neTH51Tb cKeneTH, Ab!lrH no

'leHH OTb OCTaHamni; Ha
ABaTa rpyna C.'i\ 6H!lH nOCTaBeHH Bb KOB'le3H OTb A.'i\6080 AbpBO, lJHHTO ropH11 H AO!lHH AbCf<H 6txa
AOCTa A06pt, 3ana3eHH, a TaKa C.'i\W,O HaMtpHxa ce 11 10 rpy611 ,men-&3HH rB03Ae51
orb pa3Ha ront-
MHHa. Bbpxy cKenerHrt. !lH'lexa K.'i\COBe OTb He0611KHOBeHo TbHKa, no'lTH npo3paYHa KonpHHeHa l'l'aTepH51 , a TaKa C.'i\W,O nap'lera OTb Apyra no-Ae6ena MarepH51 Cb wapKH. Bb KpaKara Ha 'leTBbpT1151
0 6 p. 66. - CTbHneHHUa OTb rpo6HH uaTa XVI (1 2 eCT ron .).
06p. 67. - CTbi{JleHHUa OTb rpo6HH uaTa XVI ( 1 2 eCT. ron.).
CKe!leTb ce HaMtpHxa ow,e TpH XOAH!la OTb r.'i\6a 3aeAHO Cb nap'leTa OTb H3rHH!la
rt311 XOAHna, Ab!lfH no
KOH<a. ,l],st OTb
24 eM., o6pa3yaarb eAHHb 'lHqnb, a rperoro, Ab!lfO 22 CM., o6pa3yaa APYfb
'li1Tb Cb OHOBa, HaM-&peHO npH BTOpH51 CKe!leTb.

no BCH'lKO H3rnemAa , 'le rpo6HHu,ara, cntAb norpe6eHHeTo Ha nocntAHHTt ABa rpyna, He e
611na seYe orsap51Ha. Or6tnt3aHHrt pa3MtcrsaHYI51 Ha HaM-&peHHrt. Bb He51 nptAMeTI1
C.'i\ naHam1
atpo51THO Bb sp-&Me Ha nocnt.AHHTt norpe6eHH51. 3acnymaaa ow,e Aa ce or6tn-&m11, 'le Bb csoAa Ha

rpo6HHU,aTa, 6!11130 AO IOr0-3anaAHH51 .'i\fb!lb, e OCTaBeHa 'leTBbpTHTa AynKa Cb WHpHHa OKO!lO
3anyweHa orropt Cb Ape6HH KaMbHH 11 npbCTb. Ta3H AynKa e cnym11na MOH<e 611, 3a
Aa
CM.,
ce 113!111-
BaTb np-&3b He51 Bbpxy rpynosert cn-&Ab norpe6eHHero HMb Ht.KaKBH 6naroyxaHH51 .
17. CsoAecra rpo6HHu,a XVII, OTKpHTa Ha 28. X. 910 r. Bb u,eHrpanHH51 KOpa6b, Ha Ab!l60lJHHa
110 M. nOAb nbpBOHalJa!lHH51 nOAb Ha l.l,bpKBaTa. rpo6HHU,aTa, Cb HanpasneHHe OTb ctsepb KbMb
ipaneHH rp06HHUH Bb rnaBHH~ KOpa6b
81
1010, e ,!J,bJlra 113BlKTpi> 29Q M. (nbpBOHa4aJlHO nOBe4e), W11p01<a 210 11 BI1COI<a 18Q M. fOmHaTa 11
CTi>Ha e OTpi>3aHa u,i>na np11 noCTaBS!HeTO Ha OCHOBHI1SI 311)J,b, Bbpxy I<O~ho n0411BaTb ni1JlaCTp11rl Ha
Cs. Co1151. rpo6HI1LI,aTa e rpa,IJ,eHa OTb roni>MI1 I<Ba,IJ,paTHI1 TYXJ111 (crpaHa 32-35 CM., ,IJ,e6eJll1 4 CM.)
11 xopocaHb 6e3b 4yKaH11
3aH11
Cb
sapb,
KepaMI1AI1,
pa3Mi>ceHa
Cb
cnaraHb
ni>CblHI1Ti>
113BJKTpi>
c;r;.
113Ma-
KbJl411W,a.
no,IJ,bTb e nOCTJlaHb Cb CMi>Cb OTb Bapb 11 ni>Cbl<b. BpaTaTa, BI1COI<a 64 11 W11pOKa 6Q CM., Ce HaM11pa no cpi>,IJ,aTa
Ha Ci>BepHaTa CTi>Ha, Ha BI1C0411Ha
OT1<p11BaHeTO Ha
roni>MI1
rp06H11LI,aTa
KaMeHHI1
nJl0411,
77
CM. Ha,IJ,b nO,IJ,a. np11
TSI 6-i>we
nocraseH11
3anyweHa Cb ,IJ,Bi>
e,IJ,Ha
Bbpxy Apyra .
X 42 X 13
.D,onHS!Ta nno4a 11Mawe pa3Mi>p11 98
CM., a rop-
HS!Ta -
83 X 43 X 13 CM. VI ABi>rl nJl0411 Ha BlKTpi>wHaTa
crpaHa
6-Bxa 3arna,IJ,eHI1, a Ha
BbHWHaTa rpy6o o,IJ,i>JlaHI1.
0TBbHb npi>,IJ,b Ti>Xb 6-i>we CJlO}I<eHb, 3a ,IJ,a r11 np11TI1CI<a,

ron-EM:-.
He,IJ,i>JlaHb KaMbl<b.
11 rp06HI1LI,aTa 6-i>xa
Mem,IJ,I1H11Ti>
BHI1MaTeJlHO
Mem,IJ,y
nn0411Ti>
3aMa3aHI1 Cb Bapb, pa3-
Mi>CeHa Cb ni>CblHa Ha rpo6HI1LI,aTa, npi>Ab caMaTa spaTa, ce HaM11pawe CbBbpweHo 113rHI1Jlb Be4e CKeneTb Cb rnasaTa Ha 3ana,IJ,b, ,IJ,bJlbrb 162 M. Bbpxy
ce HaMi>p11xa nap4eTa
OTb
113rHI1Jl11
Hero
Apexl1 11 Abpso, s-B-
pOS!THO OTb norpe6aJlHI1SI KOB4eiD, a np11 KpaKaTa MY 113rH11Jll1 4aCTI1 OTb I<O}I<eHI1 o6yw,a Bb <jJOpMaTa Ha ,IJ,HeWHI1rl u,bpsynl1. Bb IOmHaTa 4aCTb Ha rpo6HI1u,aTa,
OCHOBHI1SI 311)J,b Ha
MbH11, nap4eT J
LI,bpKBaTa,
TYXI111,
Ce
np-Bnb
HaMi>p11Xa Bb Kynb Ka-
xopocaHb 11
6yu,11 rni1HecTa
nona,IJ,HaJll1 TYKb np11 nocTpoi1KaTa Ha Ka3aHI1SI 311,IJ,b.

naTa ocraHana
4aCTb Ha rpo6HI1LI,aTa 6-Bwe
06p. 68. -
KaJlb,
inHHeHa CTOMHHYKa OTb rpo6HHIWTa XVI (l'2 ecT. ron.).
U-B-
CbBbpweHo
411CTa
11
He Cb,IJ,bpmawe H11KaKBa npbCTb.
71BHO e, 4e rpo6HI1LI,aTa e 611na OTBapS!Ha caMo np11 nocrpoi1KaTa Ha LI,bpKBaTa,

pyweHa IOmHaTa 11 cTi>Ha, o6a4e
BJKTpi>wHOCTbTa
KoraTo e 611na pa3e
611na
3ana3eHa
HenOI<lKTHaTa.
18.
Cso,IJ,eCTa
rJlaBH11SI
1<0pa6b,
nO,IJ,b Ha
LI,bpi<BaTa.
Ha
rpo6H11u,a
XVIII, OTI<p11Ta Ha 19. X. 910 ro,IJ,. Bb
,IJ,bJ160411Ha
rpo6HI1LI,aTa,
OI<OJlO
Cb
M.
nO,IJ,b
HanpaBJleHI1e
3ana,IJ,b, e )J,bJlra 2"40, W11pOKa 122 11 BI1COI<a 1"18 M.

roni>MI1 KBa,IJ,paTHI1 TYXJ111 (crpaHa 30-32
nbpBOHa4aJlHI151
OTb
113TOIAaTa Ha 113T04HaTa CTi>Ha, 50 CM. Ha,IJ,b

no,IJ,a. TSI e BI1COKa 42 11 w11p01<a 43 CM., Tbi1 4e 40Bi>Kb ,IJ,OCTa TPYAHO
Mome ,IJ,a ce npoMbKHe npi>3b HeSI. 3aTsopeHa 6-Bwe cb o4yneHa TbHKa
06p. 69. - li'i'>6eHH XOllHna OTb

rpo6HHuaTa XVI (l ~ eCT. ron.).
MpS!MOpHa nJl04a, 4aCTb OTb I<OSITO
Ce
OTb BXO,IJ,a.
4e Ta311
no BCI141<0
113rnem,IJ,a,
Ha4aJ1HaTa. VI3BlKTpi> rpo6HI1LI,aTa

Bapb,
HaMi>p11
Bb HaCI1na nO-P,~Jle4b
nJl04a
He
113Ma3aHa Cb rpy6a
e 611J1a nbpB0Ma311Jll<a OTb
ni>Cbl nOKp11TO Cb e,IJ,I1Hb nJlaCTb OTb OI<OJlO 10 CM. BJlamHa 11 He06111<HOBeHO I<Jli1CaBa TI1HSI, Bb I<OSITO 6-i>xa nOTbHaJ111 11 np11ni>nHaJ111 Cl<eJleTI1rl TOJ11<03b 3,IJ,paBO,
Kai<BI1 KOCTI1 He MOmexa ,IJ,a ce 113Ba,IJ,S!Tb u,i;n11. Bb rpo6HI1u,aTa ce yKa3axa
CB. CocjJH.
4e HI1-
CKeneTa Ha Bb3paCTHI1
11
82
HeKpon on bTb Ha UbpKsaTa Cs. Co<fJHSl
11 cT-EHa,
xopa, norpe6aHI1 B01YKI1 Cb rnas1-n-E Ha 3ana)J.b. no cp-EAaTa Ha rpo6HI1LJ,ara, AO c-EsepHaTa

HaAb TI1H51Ta, ce HaM11pawe ow,e
sara KbMb
ci;aepo-3ana)J,b.
eAHHb A-ETCKI-1 CKenerb,
Abnbro caMo
45
nonomeHb Cb rna-
01.,
noHe<e T031-1 CKeneTb He 6-l:;we HHKaKb nOKp1-1Tb OTb TI-1H51Ta,
51BHO e,
4e TOH npHHaAJle<H Ha nocn-EgHOTO norpe6eHHe, Koraro oCTaHanHT-E cKeneTI-1 C}i'Z 61-1n1-1 se4e noKp1-1n1
LJ,i:;nl1 Bb T11H51. ,[],o A-ETCKI-151 CKeneTb Sb nl;so Ce HaM-Ep11 ManKa 3naTHa o6i:;LJ,a (o6p .
70 ), CbCTOSIW,a
19 MM. (T51<eCTb 078 rp .) . Me>HAY rnaSHTi:; Ha nsa OTb Sb3paCTH1-1T-E CKeneTa Ce HaMi:;pl-1 CTbKneHa KaHI-14Ka Cb e)J.Ha Apb<Ka, SHCOKa 16 CM.,
CYyneHa Ha MHOrO 4aCTI-1 , OTb KOHTO MO<a )J.a Ce peCTaSp1-1pa nOYTI1 LJ,i:;na (o6p . 71 ).
T51 ce OTnl14aSa no He061-1KHOSeHO TbHKHT-E Cl-1 CT-EH11, KOI1TO e)J,Sa AOCTHraTb 0"5 MM.
Ce OTb xanKa 1-1 SHCynK<:!, )J,bnra SCI-14KO
Bb IO<Hara CT-EHa Ha rpo6HHLJ,ara, 6n1-13o go 10ro-3ana)J.HI-151 }i'Zfbnb , e HanpaseHa ManKa

<f>epHAKa, )J.bn6oKa
125, SHCOKa 18 1-1 WHpOKa 37 CM ., Sb 1<051TO 6-l:;xa noCTaseHI-1 egHa
06 p. 70 . _ 3 naTHa rpy6a rn1-1HeHa naMni14Ka Cb eAHHb <f>HTHnb 1-1 er4yneHa APb >H Ka (Abnra SCI-14KO OKano
o6i;ua OTb rpo6H- 12 CM., BI1COKa OKOnO 35 CM.) 11 e)J,Ha CTpOWeHa CTbKneHI1LJ,a Sb SH)J.b Ha enpyseTKa
XVIII (eCT. ron.).
noA06Ha Ha rS31-1 sb o6p .

KOnKO nap4eTa
OTb TbHKI1 OnoseHI-1
46. Bb npbCTbTa np-EAb q :: o6HHLJ,ara ce HaM-Ep1-1xa H-E-
nn04KI-1, KOHTO C}i'Z 1-1rpan1-1
MO>He 01-1 H-EKa Ksa pOn51 np!-1 nbp-
SOHaYanHOTO 3anywsaHe Ha sparara Ha rpo6HHLJ,aTa.
19. nnocKa rpo6HHLJ,a XIX, orKp Hra Ha 16. X . 910 roA. Sb rnas HI-1 51 Kopa6b, Ha Abn6o41-1Ha
1"43 M. nO)J,b nbpSOHaYanHI-151 nO)J.b Ha L!,bp KSaTa (cp. OOp. 72, Sb n-Eso) . lpOOHHU,aTa , K051TO nbpsor:a4anHO e 611na a-Epo51THO noKpHTa Cb ron-EMI-1 nno41-1 KaKTO CbC-EAHara XX , ce HaM-Ep!-1 Cbsc-EMb orsopeHa
1"85, WHpOKa o48

Q54 M. lpa)J.eHa e OTb ron-EM11 KSaApaTHI1 TyXnl-1 1-1 XOpOCaHb Cb ron-EMO KOnl-14eCTOO Tp0weHI1 KepaMI-1)J.I-1. Tyxn1-1r-E Ha c-EsepHara CT-EHa C}i'Z no-ron-EMI-1 (cb CTpaHa 32-33 eM. 1-1 Ae6en 1-1 4-45
orropi> 11 nb11Ha Cb npbCTb T51 HMa HanpasneHHe OTb I-13TOKb KbMb 3ana)J.b 1-1 e Abnra
11 )J,bn6oKa
CM.), a Ha
Ha
1-13TOYHaTa 1-1 IO<HaTa Ci'K 3Ha41-1TenHO nO-ManKI-1 (Cb CTpa-
26-27 eM. 1-1 Ae6enl-1 OKano 4 CM.) . 3ana)J.Hara CT-EHa n1-1ncsa , TbH
KaTO TSI ce 3aMi>CT51 OTb Hanp-E4HI-151 CTapb 31-1)J.b, KOHTO MI-1Hasa KpaH
rpo6H11u,ara (rn_ Ta6n. IX np1-1
G).
noAbTb e nocmaHb Cb ryxn1-1. Bb
rpo6HHU,aTa ce yKa3a caMo eAHHb ci<enerb
Ha
Sb3pacreHb 40s-EKb ,
nonomeHb Cb rnaaara Ha 3ana)J.b. Ocs-EHb rosa Sb npb CTbTa ce HaM-Ep11 ManKO napYe OTb Ma31-1nKa Cb cn-EAI-1 OTb <f>peCKI-1
I<OeTo e nona)J.Hano s-Epo51rHo ornocn-E,
Sbpxy
He5t ,
3aeAHO Cb Hasn-E3nara Sb
rpo6H1-1u,ara npbcrb.
20. nnoci<a rpo6HHLJ,a XX, OTI<pHra Ha 23. X . 910 ro)J,. Sb u,eH62 eM. Ha c-Esepb OTb rpo 6 H11u,ara XIX, Ha Abn6o41-1Ha Q9Q M. nO)J.b nbpSOHa4anHI-151 nO)J.b Ha U,bpKsara (o6p. 72,
TpanHI-151 KOIJa6b,
Bb
)].eCHO).
lp06HHU,aTa, Cb HanpasneHHe
na)J.b, e 611na
OKOnO
OTb
I-13TOI<b
KbMb 3a
noKpHra orropi:; Cb ron-EM!-1 I<aMeHHI-1 nno4I1, Ae6en1-1
CM., KOHrO 6-l:;xa Se4e C4yneHI-1 1-1
pa3M-ECTeHI-1, TbH 4e u,l;-
nara rpo6H11U.<' 61; nbnHa Cb npbCTb. T51 e Abnra
2 M., WHpoi<a 062
075 M. fpa,u;eHa e oro ron-EM r-1 I<Sa)J.paTHI-1 ryxn1-1 (crpaHa

31-32 eM ., 4-5 eM . Ae6en1-1) 1-1 xopocaHb Cb ron-BMo I<Onl-14ecrso
11 Abn6oi<a
06p. 71. - CTbKneHHUa OTb r po6Hlwa, a XVIII (I~ ecT. ron .).
C4yKaHH Ha OITHO KepaMHAI-1 . XopocaHblb e o6a4e rsbpAi; cna6b, Tbi1 4e ryxn1-1r-E necHo ce sa)J.SITb.
no)J.bTb e CaMO Orb npbCrb.
Bb rpo6HI-1u,ara ce yi<a3a caMo eAHHb Cbsci;Mb l-13rHHnb cKeneTb Ha Sb3pacreHb 40Bi;IA-
HI1rk np-EAMeTI1 : napyera OTb TbHI<a I<onpHHeHa Marep!-151 6e3b wap KI-1;
HI-1WI<I1 (CbpMa);
HaM-Bp1-1xa
nap4eTa OTb no-xy6asa CbpMeHa Marep!-151 Cb
rpy6a
Marep!-151 Cb
wapeHI-1 HBHU,I-1 no He51;
3narH11
2 6poH30SI-1
rpaneHH rp06HHUH Bb
TOn4ecm
KOn4eTa
BI1COKb 01<011o
(A11aMeTbpb
01<011o
MM.);
CTpaHH4HH~
83
KOpa6b
e)J,I1Hb 6poH30Bb np-tAMeTb,
Bb cpi:>AaTa Cb AYnKa,
CM., 411eTo np-6AHa3Ha4eHI1e He e 51CHO. Bci14KI1 T-6311 np-tAMeTH
npOH3XO>HAaTh s-t-
p051THO OTb H-6KOH pa3pyweHb nO-KbCeHb rpo6b, KOHTO Ce e HaM11pa11b Ha,[l,b rp06HHU,aTa.
06p. 72. -
21.
,[l,b1160411Ha
CsoneCTa rpo6HI1u,a
115
32-33
XXI,
OTI<p11Ta Ha
29. XI. 910
ro,IJ,. Bb
(Q(jJH~.
11"tB1151 CTpaHWIeHb Kopa6b, Ha
M. nO)J,b nbpBOHa4aJIHI151 nO)J,b Ha U,bpKBaTa. tp06HI1U,aTa, Cb HanpaBJJeHHe OTb !Orb
KbMb c-tsepb, e )J,b11ra

(CTpaHa
rpo6HHUH Bb s;r;rpt.wHOCTbTa Ha Cs.
1"80,
WHpOKa
1"72
H BHCOKa
140
M. tpa,ll,eHa e OTb f011"6MH KBa,[J,paTHH T}'XllH
CM.) 11 xopocaHb caMo OTh sapb 11 n-tcbl<b, c11araHb
Bb ,1J,e6en11
n11acrose. CnHHrS
H3BJKTp-6 ClK H3Ma3aHH HaH-Hanp-6,1l,b Cb no-rpy6a Ma3H11l<a OTb Bapb H KbJI4H~a, BbpXy K051TO C11"6,[l,Ba
11*
84
HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKsara Cs. Coqm11
(w,y~<b). Bbpxy Ta311
eA11Hb TbHbl<b nnacTb OTb sapb 11 YyKaHb MpS!MOpb
Ma311J1Ka
11Mano s"fipo-
SITHO no-paHO <jJpeCKI1, OTb 1<011TO He C~ Ce 3ana3HJ111 CJl"fiAH. noAbTb e 113Ma3aHb Cb xopocaHb OTb
11,
sapb 11 n"fiCbl<b. BpaTaTa ce HaMHpa Ha fO}I{HaTa CT"fiHa 1-1 TO He no cp"fiAaTa

~rbJlb, OTAaJleYeHa CaMO
15
50
CM. OTb 3anaAHaTa CT"fiHa,
50
xopH30HTaneHb KaMeHeHb nparb. B11C01<a e
CM. HaAb nOAa. 0TrOp"fi TSI
45
11 w11p01<a
a np1-1 toro-3anaAHI1SI
3aBbpWBa Cb
eM.
Bb rpo6HHu,aTa ce HaM"fipHxa pa3XBbpi1S!HH KOCTH, a Apyrl1 6-fixa HaTpynaH11 Ha K)'nb np"fiAb
50
BpaTaTa. no cp"fiAaTa Ha 113TOYHaTa 11 3anaAHaTa CT"fiHI1,

I<BaApaTHI1
16,
AynKH
24
a 3anaAHaTa
weHu,e
Cb
Cb
CM. HaAb nOAa, Ce HaM11paTb AB-b MaJ11<11
17
CTpaHa
CM.
Vl3TOYHaTa
eM. Bb Ta3H nocntAHS!Ta
He06111<HOBeHO
CM. caMo 3a wHi1KaTa
AbJlra
(o6p.
WH?il<a,
73).
ce
HaM"fipH
10
BHCOI<O
YcraTa
Ha
OTb T"fiXb
CTbKJleHo Wl1-
CM.,
OTb
1<011TO
c~
WI1WeHu,eTo
Tb?i ye nbpBoHaYaJlHO w11i11<aTa e 61-1na ow,e nO-Abnra.
e AbJ160Ka
OTYyneH11,
W11p01<aTa
Ha WI1WeHU,eTO e BAbJ16aHa CJ1a6o Ha neTb M"fiCTa, a nbHOTO My

snaneHo HaB~Tp"t, 1<a1<TO
A06p"fi ce
npbCTbTa Ha rpo6HHU,aTa
Ce
B11}1{Aa
HaM"fipHXa
Bb
pa3p"fi3a
HHCTa, onop"fi H3n~KHaJ1H 11 Ha6p"fi3neHI1, nbilr11 OKOJlO
XXII,
nnocKa rpo6H11u,a
BI1SI CTpaHI1YeHb
29. XI.
OTI<pHTa Ha
170
!<Opa6b, Ha nbJ160YHHa
73.
CTbi<JleHI1
Bb
Mb-
w11p01<1-1 oKono
74).
CM. , no Cb nB"fi nynKH OTCTpaHH ( o6p.
22.
06p . 73. - (TbKneHHUa OTb
rpo6HHuara XX I (l ~ ecr. r.).
3,
YaCTb
e CI1J1HO
Bb o6p.
Tp11 nJ10CI<I1 CHHI-1
910
ron.
Bb
n"fi-
M. nOnb nbpBOHaYaJ1HI1SI nOnb
Ha U,bpi<BaTa. lp06HHU,aTa, Cb HanpaBJleHHe OTb 3anaAb l<bMb H3TOI<b, Ce

on11pa Henocp"fiACTBeHo no c"fisepHaTa cT"fiHa Ha
TSI
Abilra
180,
Cb nB"fi ron"fiMI1
0'80,
WHpOI<a
rHai1COBH
nJ10YI1.
n"tB11SI
090
AbJ160Ka
lpaneHa e
OTb
roJl"fiMH
H XOpOCaHb CaMO OTb Bapb 11 n"fiCbl<b. (T"fiHI1T"fi C~

HMa nnaCTb OTb WYI<b, a nOllbTb e CaMO
OTb
23.
CsoneCTa
CTpaHI1YeHb
1<0pa6b,
Bb HaCHna ce
npbCTb.
!111
Bb
w11po1<a
(34 X 325
125
eM.,
OTI<p11Ta
078
nbJ160YHHa
U.bpKBaTa. lpo6H11u,aTa, Cb
202,
XXIII,
rpo6H11u,a
Ha
HaM"fip11xa
HanparsneHHe
106
11 BI1COKa
33 X 33
eM.)
M.
OTb
caMo
Ha
Kopa6b
I<BanpaTHI-1
no
36
cp"fiAaTa
14. X. 910
AO rpo6H11U,aTa
Onop"fi
TYXJll-1 (CTpaHa
32-33
3ananHaTa CT"fiHa.
42
XXI.
3aTBOpeHa
Cb XOpOCaHb, Bbpxy
Ha
CM. 1-1 WHpO!<a
napYeTa
1-1
pa3pyweHa .
113Ma3aHI1 H3B~Tp"fi
HaAb nona, Ce HaM11pa CBOnOBa BpaTI1YI<a, BHCOI<a CaMO

HI1U,a He ce yKa3axa.
CTpaHHYeHb
M. 11 e OTYaCTI-1
CM.)
I<O?iTO
34
CM.
CM. f<OCTI-1 Bb Ta3H rpo6-
CTpoweHb rmiHeHb c~Ab.
OTb
ron. Bb n"fiBI1SI
nOAb nbpBOHaYaJlHHSI nOAb Ha

113TOI<b
l<bMb
3anaAb,
e Abilra
M. TSI e rpaneHa o:b ron"fiMI1 KsanpaTHI1 Tyx-
1-1
xopocaHb
ne6en11 nnaCTose. BpaTaTa, BHCOI<a
51
11
Cb
Yy1<aH11
w11po1<a
KepaMI1nH,
44
cnaraHb
eM ., ce HaMHpa no
cp"finaTa Ha 113TOYHaTa cT"fiHa. T Sl 6-fi HeAOCTaTbYHO 3anyweHa Cb OTilOMbl<b OTb

ManKa MpS!MOpHa KOJlOHa 1-1 H"fiKOili<O MaJlKH KaMbHI1. CT"fiHI1T"fi 113B~Tp"fi c~ 113Ma3aHYI
Cb
sapb,
CM"fiCeHa
Cb
n"fiCbl<b 11
TBbpn"fi
MaJli<O
l<bJlYHW,a.
noAbTb
nocTJlaHb Cb TYXIlH.
lp06HI1U,aTa,
BJ1"fi3Jla
MHOro
npbCTb,
Bb3paCTeHb YOB"fil<b
H3rHHJ111.
Bb
Bb
Cb
I<OSITO
np"fi3b
Cbnbp}l{awe
rnaBaTa
toro-3ananHI1SI
He
A06p"fi
3aTBOpeHaTa BpaTa 6-fi
no c"fisepHaTa CT"fiHa
Ha 3ananb,
~rbJlb 6-fixa
enHHb
Ha-
CKeileTb Ha
06p. 74. - CTbKlleHo

MbHHCTO OTb rpo6HHuara XXI (ecr. ron .).
YI111TO I<OCTI1 6-fixa BeYe CbBC"fiMb
HaTpynaHI1 Bb ~<ynb
ApyrH
KOCTH ,
KOHTO
113rJle}I{Aaxa Aa
6~AaTb caMo OTb eAI1Hb CKeneTb. Me}l{nY T"fiXb ce HaM"fip11xa ns"fi napYeTa H3rH11Ila I<O}I{a, s"fipOS!THO
OTb o6yw,a . no BCI1YI<O Ce BH}I{na, Ye rpo6HI1U,aTa e 611J1a BeYe OTBapS!Ha 11 no-paHO.
24.
CsoneCTa rpo6H11u,a
Hfo!YeHb Kopa6b , Ha nbJI60YI1Ha
XXIV,
11 0
OTKPHTa Ha
6. X. 910
ron. Bb 113TOYHaTa YaCTb Ha n"fis11S1 CTpa-
M. nonb nbpBOHaYaJlHHSI nOAb Ha U.bp!<BaTa. CBOAbTb Ha rpo6-
H11U.aTa, I<OSITO 11Ma HanpaBJ1eHI1e OTb C"fiBepb l<bMb !Orb, Ce
yKa3a
CbBC"fiMb
3ApaBb.
noHe}l{e
Orb
rpaneHH rpo6HHUH Bb CTpaHHYHH~ KOpa6b
85
Apyra CTpaHa He 6t.we Bb3MOH<HO Aa Ce npOHHI<He Bb rpo6HHU.aTa, Bb IO>t<HaTa l.faCTb Ha

OTBOpH
eAHa
AYnl<a,
AOBaTenHo 6H11a e
npH
I<OeTo ce y~<a3a ,
OTBap51Ha
seLJe
l.fe
no-paHo.
rpo6HHU.aTa 6t.
C11t.Ab
nbnHa
AOropt.
CBOAa
Ce
Cb
npbCTb H cnt.-
H34HCTBaHeTo Ha npbCTbTa ce
I<OHCTaTHpa, l.fe
ct.sepHaTa cTt.Ha Ha rpo6HHU.aTa, At.To ce e HaMHpa11a H spaTaTa, e 6H11a pa3pyweHa npH nocTpOHI<aTa Ha Cs. CocpH51, TbH 1<aTo TYI<<- MHHaBa OCHOBHH51Tb 3HAb Ha ct.sepHaTa BbHWHa cTt.Ha Ha U.bp-
285,
I<BaTa. lpo6HHU.aTa e Ab11ra cera (AO pa3Ba11eHaTa LJaCTb)

AeHa e OTb ro11t.MH I<BaApaTHH
AbpH<a l.fyl<aHH Ha eApO
35
(32 X 33
TYX11H
33 X 33
!<epaMHAH H e c11araHb
eM.),
Bb Ae6e11H
n11aCTOBe .
CM . H C.)f:. H3Ma3aHH H3B.)f:.Tpt. Cb eAHHb n11aCTb OTb Bapb,
3H111<a C11t.ABa Apyra
211 H
Ae6e11H 4-6
wHpO!<a
nt.Cbl<b
nO-TbHI<a H nO-r11aAt<a OTb Bapb H Mp51MOpeHb
eM.
CTt.HHTt. c;y:,
HaMt.pHXa,
OTAt.TO
ce
BHH<Aa, LJe npH OTBap51HeTO Ha
Ta3H Ma-
o6al.fe
CJlt.AH
npt.l.fHCTeHb nt.Cbl<b.
55
Bb HaCHna Ha rpo6HHU.aTa ce HaMt.pH caMo eAHO rbp11o OTb CTbl<11eHo wHwe, BHCOI<O
t<ai<BH I<OCTH He Ce
Cb-
Ae6e11H 01<0110
8bpxy
(W.YI<b),
OTb cppeCI<H He Ce 3a6t.11t.3BaTb. noAbTb e nOCT11aHb CaMO C:b eAHHb n1laCTb
M. lpa-
XopocaHbTb
H l<bJlLJHW,a.
nt.Cbl<b
188
BHCOI<a
rp06HHU.aTa
eM.
HH-
I<OCTHTt. (.)f:.
6H11H BHHMaTe11HO Cb6paHH H st.p051THO nOCTaBeHH Ha Apyro Mt.CTO.
25.
CsoAeCTa rpo6HHU.a XXV, OTI<pHTa Ha
11t.BH51 CTpaHHl.feHb 1<0pa6b, Ha Ab11604HHa 01<0110

CBOAbTb Ha rpo6HHU.aTa,
weHb, Cb H3KJliOl.feHHe
Ha
K051TO
HMa
eAHa
6. X . 910 roA. Bb caMH51 10rD-H3TOLJeHb

60 CM. nOAb nbpBOHaLJa11HH51 nOAb Ha
Hanpas11eHHe
ManKa
l.faCTb Ha
LJ.bp!<BaTa.
OTb H3TOI<b l<bMb 3anaAb, 6t. CbBCt.Mb pa3py-
IOH<HaTa
CTpaHa , OTAt.TO ce
CTHra11b Henocpt.ACTBeHO AO nOAa Ha U.bpKBaTa. lp06HHU.aTa e Ab11ra
102
i'Krb11b Ha
M. T51 e rpaAeHa OTb ro11t.MH LJeTBbpTHTH TYX11H
(28 X 28 X 4
paMHAH, I<OHTO ce OT11Hl.fasa no Heo6HKHOBeHaTa CH TBbpAOC:Tb.
1'45,
BHH<Aa ,
058
WHpOKa
eM.) H xopocaHb
H3TOl.fHaTa
l.fe
Cb
cTt.Ha Ha
TOH
H Ab1160t<a
l.fyKaHH
l<e-
rpo6HHU.aTa e
6Hna pa3pyweHa st.p051THO npH nocTpOHI<aTa Ha Cs. CocpH51, TbH l<aTo Ta3H cTt.Ha ce 3aMt.H51Ba cera
OTb OCHOBHH51 3HAb Ha U.bpi<BaTa. noAbTb Ha rpo6HHU.aTa e nOCT11aHb C.)f:.W,O Cb TYX11H, LJHHTO l'lt.H<AHHH C.)f:. H3nb11HeHH MHOrO A06pt. Cb xopocaHb.
Bb rpo6HHU.aTa, I<051TO 6t. nb11Ha Cb npbCTb, ce y~<a3axa ABa c1<e11eTa Cb r11aBHTt. Ha 3anaAb.
KocTHTt. 6t.xa AOCTa pa3Mt.cTeHH, HO see naKb nbpBOHal.faJlHOTO
HMb
nonoH<eHHe
6t.we AOHt.I<"'At.
cna3eHO. 0Tb TOBa Ce BHH<Aa, LJe npH OTBap51HeTO Ha rpo6HHU.aTa Cb He51 C.)f:. Ce OTHeCJlH BHHMaTe11HO
H neH<aw,HTt. s;y:,Tpt. c1<e11eTH c;y:, 6H11H pecnei<THpaHH.
HHKaKBH
ApyrH npt.AMeTH,
ocst.Hb I<OCTHTt.,
He ce HaMt.pHxa.
26.
CsoAeCTa rpo6HHLJ.a
XXVI, OTI<PHTa Ha
31.
VI.
910
030
HOTO CTpaHHl.fHO 0TAt.11eHHe Ha npt.AABepHeTO, Ha Ab1160l.fHHa

OTb H3TOI<b l<bMb 3anaAb. T51 e Ab11ra
T0l.fHaTa-
o80
1'95,
BHCOKa
1'70,
rOA. Bb 3anaAHaTa
l.faCTb
Ha
rpo6HHU.aTa,
ce
038
M., HO He C.)f:. eAHaKBO WHpOKH: nbpBOTO HMa
030,
BTOpOTO
lpaAeHa e OTb KaMbHH H TYX11H Cb xopocaHb . Pa3Mt.pa Ha TYX11HTt. e
35 X 35
eM., npH Ae6e11HHa OK0110
KepaMHAH. H3B.)f:.Tpt.
11t.MH
B11ai<Ha
rpo6HHU.aTa
l<b114HW,a.
4
e
eM. Bb xopocaHa
H3Ma3aHa
noAbTb e nOCT11aHb
HMa
Cb sapb,
Cb
075,
HaMHpa
HaTa CTpaHa, At.To C.)f:. nocTaBeHH TPH 3HAaHH cT;y:,nana, no ' KOHTO ce CJlH3a HaAont..
BHCOKH no
ct.sep-
M. lp06HHU.aTa HMa HanpaB11eHHe
WHpOKa Ha 3anaAHaTa CTpaHa
M. BXOAbTb, KOHTO 3aeMa u.t.naTa BHCOLJHHa
Ha
32 X
npHMt.ceHH
Ha H3-
Ha _ 3anaA-
CT.)f:.nanaTa c;y:,
0'25, TpeTOTO 050 M.

35, 33 X 36, 33 X 37 H
Cbsct.Mb
ManKo
TpoweHH
Bb K051TO ce 3a6t.11t.3saTb cnt.AH OTb
TYX11H.
KoHCTPYI<U.H51Ta e Bb06w,e
AOCTa
ro-
cna6a .
lpo6HHU.aTa ce HaMt.pH nb11Ha Cb npbCTb, Bb I<051TO 6t.xa pa3XBbp1151HH H Ht.I<OH I<OCTH. Ht.Ma CbMHt.HHe, LJe T51 e 6H11a OTBap51Ha H no-paHO.
26 a.
KepaMHAeHb rpo6b, OTt<pHTb Ha
rpo6HHU.a XXVI, Ha Ab1160LJHHa 01<0110

Hasa
OTLJaCTH
nOAb
CBOAeCTaTa
3. VIII. 910
roA.
AO
ct.sepHaTa cTt.Ha
Ha
CBOAeCTaTa
M. lpo6bTb HMa Hanpas11eHHe OTb ct.sepb l<bMb fOrb H MH-
rpo6HHU.a,
OTb K051TO
C11t.AOBaTe11HO
lpo6bTb 6t. T0111<03b pa3pyweHb, At.To pa3Mt.pHTt. MY He MO>t<axa
Tpt.6sa Aa
6.)f:.Ae nO-CTapb.
Aa ce ycTaHOB51Tb.
HanpaseHb OTb ro11t.MH c11a6o H3BHTH KepaMHAH, nocTaBeHH CTpt.xoBHAHO.
Bb
rpo6a
ToH
ce
e 6H11b
HaMt.pHxa
- --........:--
~=- -
- .-
86
HeKpononbTh Ha UbpKsara Cs. CoHil
I<OCTI1 OTb n'5TCI<H
Cl<e!leTb,
CI1He CTbi<IlO Cb nHaMeTbpb
YaCTH OTb CTpOWeHI1
CTbi<JleHI1U,H,
enHO roni;MO MbHI1CTO OTb TbMHO-
17 MM. H H'51<0Ili<O npe6HI1 Bli'\r!leHI1 .
27. CsoneCTa rpo6H11u,a XXVII, or1<p11ra Ha 3. VIII. 910 ron. Bb 113TOYHara YaCTb Ha ci;sepHoro
CTpaHI1YHO OTn'5neHI1e Ha np'5MBep11eTO, Ha nb!l60YHHa 1'70 M. rpo6HI1U,aTa 11Ma HanpaB!leHI1e OTb
ci;sepo-113TOII<I1Ha,
I<OSITO rpi;6sa na e HanMI1Hasana 3Ha-
1'83 M. W11pOYHHaTa e 210, a BI1COYHHaTa 2 M. no

1 M. Hanb nona, Ce HaM11pa CBOnOBa BpaTI1YI<a, BI1COI<a 78,
w11po1<a 50 eM. OrsbHb TSI 61; 3arsopeHa Cb roni;Ma I<aMeHHa nnoYa, ne6ena 12 eM , cb pa3M'bpH
90 X 62 eM. lpo6HHu,ara e rpaneHa caMo OTb ryxnH H xopocaHl> Cb Yyi<aHI1 I<epaMI1nl1, nocraBSIHb
Bb ne6en11 nnacrose. Tyxn11ri; 11MaTb pa3M'5pH 34 X 34 eM. , no p'5ni<o 34 X 17 eM ., 11 eli'\ ne6en11 OTb
4-7 CM ., 0 5HI<HOBeHO 5 CM. VbBli'\Tpi; rpo6H11U,aTa e 113Ma3aHa HaH-Hanpi;nb Cb eni1Hb n!laCTb OTb
YHTellHO cerawHaTa Mai<CHMallHa nbll>1<11Ha OTb
cpi;naTa Ha ci;sepO-H3TOYHaTa
CT'5Ha,
sapb 11 n'5Cbl<b, pa3M'5ceHI1 Cb l<bllYHw,a. nocni;
cn'5nsarb ow,e nsa
TbHI<H nnacra xy6asb
w,yl<b
(sa;:-b cM'5cet-~a cb Yyi<aHb MpSIMOpb). Orb rosa ce Bl1<na, Ye rpo6HHu,ara rp'56sa na e 6Hna H3nHcaHa Cb <PpeCI<I1,
OTb
1<011TO Cera
ryxn11, 1<0I1TO 11MaTb pa3M'5p11

rpo6HI1U,aTa
OTYaCTH
31
H'5Ma
X 33,
61;
BeYe 3ana3eHI1
Hl11<ai<B11
C!l'5nl1. nonbT"L e nOCTilaHb Cb
32 X 35 11 33 X 37 eM.
nb!lHa
Cb npbCTb,
Bb I<OSITO Ce HaMHpaxa YaCTH OTb Cl<e!leTb 11
crpoweHH CTbl<!leH11U,I1. Ocs'5Hb rosa Hanb caMHSI nonb ce HaM'5pHxa
nsi; OT!li1YHO 3ana3eHI1 6poH-
30BI1 MOHeTI1, I<OHTO nopan11 OC06HaTa 11Mb Ba>J<HOCTb Oni1CBaMe no-nonp06HO.

a) 6p. MOHera OTb CesepHHa, <eHa Ha f\spen11aHa
(270 - 275 ron.).
n1-1u,e: SEVERINAAVG. flpan11paHb 6JOCTb Cb nHaneMa HaneCHO; nonb 6JOcTa nonyMi;ceu,b.

Ona1<o: CONCORDIAAVGG. f\spen11aHb 11 CesepHHa, npas11, enHHb cpi;w,y npyro, CH nonaBarb pli'\I<a; noMe<nY 11Mb 3B'53na. Bb orp'53a KAr. 6) 6p. MOHeTa OTb fli10I<JleU,I1aHa
22 MM. Cohen VI 209, 2.
(284-305 ron.).
n1-1u,e : IMPCCVALDIOCLETIANVSPFAVG. ,lJ,panHpaHb 6JOCTb Cb Illi'\Yecra !<OpOHa HaneCHO.

Ona1<o: CONCORDIAIMtLIITVM . ,lJ,I1oi<neu,HaHb Bb soeHHO o6n'5I<no, npasb, HanecHO, nonyYasa
BHI<TOp11S1 sbpxy rno6ycb OTb pli'\I<ara Ha IOnHrepa, I<OHTO cro11 np'5nb Hero Hani;so, rOilb, MaHTI1SITa
MY sbpxy ni;soro paMo, Cb ni;sara pli'\I<a onp'5Hb Ha nbllbrD Cl<l1nTbpb. Bb llOnero
3HT'5 II; 6yi<BHT'5 Ha orp'53a
113TpHTI1. -
noHe<e 11 nsi;ri; MOHeTI1
Me<ny o6pa-
21 MM. Cohen VI 419, 34.
Cli'\ MHOrO
no6pi;
3ana3eHH,
TO rpo6HI1U,aTa Cb roni;Ma nOilO-
>KI1Te!lHOCTb Mo<e na ce nar11pa ow,e Bb !<paS! Ha Ill s'5!<b.
28. Csonecra rpo6H11u,a XXVIII, oT1<p11ra Ha 28. VII. 910 ron. Ha ci;sepHara crpaHa Ha u,bpI<Bara, Me<AY nsi;ri; nonnopHH cr'5HH, Henocp'5ncrseHo nonb HHBOTO. <PopMara ~ He o6pa3ysa npaBHneHb YeTHpHli'\rbllHI1l<b: TSI e nb!lra
315 -32Q M. , W11pO!<a 25Q-27Q M., BHCOI<a OI<OilO 1'60 M.,
cb HanpasneHI1e orb ci;sepb l<bMb 10ro. Bb no!lHSITa CH YaCTb rpo6H11u,ara e 113rpaneHa Cb p'5YHH
I<aMbHI1, a ropHS!Ta YaCTb Ha cr'5HHn 11 csonbTb eli'\ OTb ryxn11. XopocaHbTb, HaHaCSIHb Bb ne6en11
nnacrose, Cbnbp<a CbBC'5Mb ManKo rpoweHI1 I<epaMI1nl1. CsonbTb e noYTI1 u,i;nb pa3pyweHb, o6aYe see
nal<b IlHYH, ye roi1 e 611nb rpaneHb 1<pbcToo6pa3HO, 1<a1<TO Cli'\ csonoseri; Bb Ca. Co<PHSI (crp.
29 en. H
22). Tyxrli1T'5, 30 X 34 CM., Cli'\ ne6e!ll1 4 CM. nonbTb Ha rpo6HHU,aTa Cli'\UJ,O e nOCT!laHb Cb
ryxn11. Bparara, wHpoi<a 070 M., ce HaM11pa Ha ci;sepHara crpaHa.
o6p.
Bb rpo6HI1u,ara ce HaM'5p11xa pa3XBbpllS!HH Yos'5WI<H I<ocm Bb roni;Mo I<Olli1Yecrso,

61-1 OTb OI<OilO
MO<e
40 Cl<e!leTa. 0YeB11nHO e, Ye T'5311 I<OCTI1, noHe Bb no-roni;MaTa CH YaCTb, H'5MaTb
HI1UJ,O o6w,o Cb rpo6HHU,aTa, a Cli'\ 6HilH HaXBbpi1S!HI1 Bb HeSI np'53b nO-HOBO spi;Me, l<aTO Cli'\ 6H!lH
cb6paHI1 OTb OI<OilHHT'5 rpo6HHU,H
11
rpo6ose np11 no-paHWHH
pa3I<Oni<I1.
Kocmn
npo113XO<naTb
CHrypHO 11 OTb pa3HI1 spi;MeHa, nOHe<e H'51<011 OTb T'5Xb 6i;xa Be4e CbBbpWeHO H3rH11Il11, a npyrH
-
ow,e MHoro no6pi; 3ana3eHI1. Bb npbCTbTa Ha rpo6HHu,ara ce HaM'5p11xa
4 Malli<H 6pOH30BH MO-
87
rpaneHH rpo6HHUH BbHb OTb UbpKBaTa
Hen1 orb IV BtKb

avtaMeTbpb
(avtaM.
13-15 MM.), CbBCtMb H3TpvtrH, a raKa c,:>r;.w,o eaHa cpe6bpHa xanKa Cb
18 MM. H eaHO nap4e OTb .ue6ena 6poH30Ba xanKa.
29. CBo.uecra rpo6Hvtu,a XXIX, orKpl.na Ha 17. VIII. 910 ro.u. npvt !OrO-H3TO'-IHHSl ,:>r;.fbnb Ha
U,bpKBaTa, Ha Abn60'-IHHa OKOnO 1'50 M. nOAb HOBOTO Ha nnowaaa. rpo6Hvtu,ara, Cb HanpaBneHY1e OTb
ctBepb KbMb !Orb, e Abnra 350, wvtpoKa 205 M. Hei1HHSlTb CBOAb Bb ropHS!Ta CH YaCTb e pa3pyweHb, BtpoJITHO KOraro ce e nonaranb ne>Haw,HSl Bbpxy rpo6Hvtu,ara rypcKH 3Y1Ab (rn. crp. 15).
rpo6HY1U,aTa e rpaaeHa OTb rontMY1 KBaapaTHH ryxnH (crpaHa 33-34 CM.) Y1 XOpOCaHb Cb TpOWeHH
KepaMY1AH. ,Ue6envtHara Ha crtHvtrt ce paBHSlBa Ha ep,Ha ryxna, Cb H3KnlOYeHHe Ha ctBepHara crtHa,
50 CM. VbBi'ii.Tpt rt Ci'il. Y13Ma3aH11 Cb Bapb, Bb KOSlTO HMa npvtMtceHY1 Kbn4Hllla.

Bparara, wvtpoKa 65 CM., ce HaMvtpa Ha ctBepHara crtHa, He TO'-IHO Bb cptp,ara H. no cpt.uara Ha
lO>HHaTa CTtHa, Ha BHCO'-IHHa 1 M. HaAb noaa, Ce HaM11pa ManKa 3aCBOAeHa epY1p,l<a, BY1COKa 40 11
wvtpoKa 30 eM. noAbTb Ha rpo6Hvtu,ara e nocrnaHb Cb no-ManKH ryxn11, Cb pa3Mtpvt 34 X 17 X 6
KOSlTO e ae6ena
CM. Bb npbCTbTa, Cb KOSITO 6t nbnHa rpo6HY1U,aTa, AO CaMI1Sl

(p,vtaMeTbpb
Ce
HaMtpY1
6pOH30Ba MOHeTa
19 MM .), MHOfO H3Tpvtra, KOSlTO no Tvtna H3rne>Hp,a aa 6,:>r;.p,e OTb Ill BtKb Cn. Xp.
30. nnocKa rpo6HHU,a

Ha U,bpKBaTa, Ha 11 0 M. nOAb
3anaab, e )J,bllra 215, WY1pOKa
( crpaHa 33 eM.) 11 xopocaHb
ep,Ha
nOAb,
ryxna.
1-'bB,:>r;.Tpt
XXX, OTKpvtra Ha
17. VIII. 910 ro.u. AO caMHSl !OrO-H3T04eHb ,:>r;.rbnb
HHBOTO Ha nnow,a.ua. rpo6HvtU,aTa, Cb HanpaBneHHe OTb Y13TOKb KbMb
1'65 11 )J,bnOOKa 1'55 M. rpap,eHa e OTb rontMI1 KBaapaTHH ryxn11

Cb
CTtHHTt
YyKaHY1
C,:>r;.
KepaM11AH.
,Ue6enY1Hara
Ha
crtHvtrt
ce paBHSlBa
JlH'-IeCTBO YyKaHH KeT)aMY1AH, nopap,H Koero ro11 HMa CbBCtMb 4epBeHb u,BtTb. Bparara,
H BHCOKa
Ha
H3Ma3aHH Cb XOpOCaHb, Bb I<OHTO C,:>r;. npvtMtCeHI1 rontMO KOwvtpoKa
55
50 CM., ce HaMvtpa no cptp,ara Ha H3T04Hara crtHa. Orropt rpo6Hvtu,ara e 6vtna noKpvtra
Cb ront;fivt
KaMeHHI1
nnO'-IH,
pa36HTI1 H OT4aCTH
Y13BaaeHH OW,e
nO-paHO.
nop,bTb e liOCTnaHb Cb
nnacrb OTb xopocaHb. HvtKaKBH nptp,MeTI1 Bb Hacvtna Ha rpo6Hvtu,ara, ocBtHb HtKovt pa3XBbpnSlHH
KOCTY1, He ce HaMtpvtxa.
31-32. llnocKa (?) rpo6Hvtu,a XXXI, orKpvtra Ha 14. VIII. 910 rop,. Ha lO>HHara crpaHa Ha u,bp250 M. aane'-lb OTb HeSl. Ta3H rpo6HY1U,a, Op11eHTY1paHa OTb Y13TOKb KbMb 3anaab Cb
KBara, OKOnO
cna6o !Or0-113TO'-IHO HanpaBneHY1e, ce HaMtp11 Bb
nonypa3pyweHo CbCTOSlHY1e: TSl e
Abnra 2 M. , WHpOKa 1 M. Y1 .UbJ160Ka OKOnO
0'80 M. CrtHY1Tt H, .ue6enl1 35 CM., Ci'il.

rpa.ueHH orb rontMH KBa.upaTHH ryxnvt Cb crpaHa 33-35 eM. H xopocaHb Cb YyKaHH
KepaMY1A11. Orropt rpo6H11u,ara
e 611na
BtpoSlTHO noKpY1ra
Cb
rontMI1
KaMeHH!1
nn0411.
Henocpt.ucrBeHo noab Ta3H rpo6HvtU,a
ce yKa3a Bropa
no-ManKa rpo6HY1u,a
90
36 eM . 11 abn6oKa 40 eM . CrtHvtrt, .ue6en11 17 eM ., c,:>r;. rpa.ueHI1 OTb
ryxnvt Cb pa:mtpvt 34 X 17 X 6 CM. 11 xopocaHb Cb YyKaHH KepaMH)J,I1. Orropt rpo6Hvtu,ara 6t 3aTBopeHa Cb .ust rontMH KBa.upaTHI1 ryxnvt Cb crpaHa 60 CM., .ue6envt no 06 P 75 XXXII, o6aye Cb HanpaBneHvte OTb !Oro-3anaab KbMb ctBep0-113TOI<b. TSl e Abnra
CM.,
wvtpoKa
CTb -_
OTb rp .
2ecr. ron.).
I<JleHHUa
8 CM. no)J,bTb 6t nOCTnaHb Cb Ci'ii.W,HTt ryxnH, OTb KOHTO Ci'il. HanpaBeHH 11 CTtHvtTt. XXXII(l
Bb ra311 rpo6Hvtu,a ce HaMtpvt .utrcKY1 CKeneTb Cb rnaBara Ha 3anaab 11 eaHo ManKo
CTbKneHO lllHWeHU,', BY1COKO
74 CM., Cb Mnt4H0-6tnb U,BtTb 11 xyoaBa Y1p113aU,Y1Sl (o6p 75).
33. CBop,ecra rpo6Hvtu,a XXXIII, OTKpvtra Ha 13. VIII. 9!0 ro.u. Ha lO>HHara crpaHa Ha u,bpKBara,
OKOnO 9 M. p,aneYb OTb HeSl, CaMO Ha HtKOnKO CaHTHMeTpa nOAb HHBOTO Ha nnow,ap,a. rpo6HI1U,aTa,
2'35 H WHpOKa 2'50 M. ropHS!Ta '-laCTb Ha CBO)J,a,

KOSlTO e ne>Hana no-BHCOKO orb HHBOTO Ha nnow,ap,a, 6t orctYeHa. CrtHvtrt, p,e6en11 35 CM., Clf<.
Cb HanpaBJJeHHe OTb !Orb KbMb CtBepb, e )J,bnra
rpaaeHH OTb pt'-IHH KaMbHH H XOpOCaHb, Bb KOHTO Ci'il. npvtMtCeHH CbBCtMb ManKO rpoweHH KepaMY1)J,H. Bparara, w11poKa
60 CM., ce HaMvtpa no cpt.uara Ha lO>HHara crtHa. Bb Hac11na, Cb KOHTO 6t
88
HeKpononbTb Ha ubpKsara Cs. Co<jH111
H3nbnHeHa u;tnaTa rpo6HHLJ,a, He ce HaMEpHXa HHI<ai<BH np-tn,MeTH- noHe}!{e CBOIJ,bTb Ha Ta3H rpo6HHLJ,a, KOI1TO ce ornHYasa H no rpa!J,e}!{HHSI CH MarepHanb, ce HaMHpa Ha MHOro no-ron-tMa BHC04HHa,
orKonKoro CBOAOBer-t Ha APYrHr-t rpo6HHLJ,H, rp-t6sa )J,a ce npHeMe, Ye TSI e npaseHa Bb no-KbCHO
Bp-tMe, I<OraTO OI<OnHOTO HHBO e 611n0 Be4e n0-113)J,I1rHaTO.
34. Cso!J,ecra rpo6HHLJ,a XXXIV, oTKp11ra Ha 22. IX. 910 ro!J,. np-tn,b aca)J,aTa Ha u,bpKsara,
1250 M. )J,ane4b OTb HeSI. rpoOHI1U,aTa, Cb HanpasneHHe OTb H3TOI<b l<bMb 3ana)J,b, e IJ,bnra
2"50 M., WHpO!<a
OI<OnO
OI<OnO
2 11 BI1COI<a 170 M. TSI e rpa!J,eHa OTb ryxnH 11 xopocaHb Cb KepaMI1)J,I1, HaHa-
CS!Hb Bb IJ,e6enH nnacrose. Bparara ce HaM11pa no cp-t!J,ara Ha H3T04Hara cr-tHa. VI3BiY\rp-t cr-EHHT-t
CiY\ 113Ma3aH11 Cb sapb, Bb KOSITO 11Ma np11M-EceHI1 Kbn4Hlll.a. Bbpxy ra3H Ma3HnKa CiY\
YepBeHa
60S! 4er11p11 ron-EM11 !<pbCTa, a HMeHHO e)J,I1Hb Ha CBO)J,a, no e.n,I1Hb Ha IJ,B-tr-t iJ,bnrH CTIHH
H e)J,I1Hb
Ha
KiY\cara
3ana.n,Ha
cr-tHa
(ra6n.
XXI 1). Bcl141<11
K~bcrose
11MaTb
HaoKono r-t CiY\ o6rpa)J,eHI1 Cb pacr11renH11 opHaMeHTI1, Hanpaseril1 Cb 3eneHa 6oS!,

nocrpa!J,anH OTb Bnarara 11
npOH111<Hanara
Bb BiY\Tp-EWHOCTbTa BOIJ,a. rpo6HI1U,aTa
BeYe no-paHo, KaKTO ce BI1}!{1J,awe OTb nHncara Ha KaMeHHara nnoYa np-EAb

naHara
Hap11cysaHH Cb
Bb
np-EAHS!Ta
e!J,HaKBa
opMa.
KOHTO CiY\ MHOro

e 611na OTBapS!Ha
sparara
11 orb HaCI1-
Yacrb Ha rpo6HHu,ara npbCTb. Ocs-tHb H-EKonKO pa3XBbpnS!HI1 KOCTI1, HHKaKBH
APYrH np-EAMeTI1 BiY\rp-t He ce HaM-Ep11xa.

:,
3.
06HKHOBeHH
rpo6ose
1. rpo6b, OTI<p11Tb Ha 9. VIII. 910 ro)J,. Bb anCI1)J,aTa, npH c-tsep0-113T04HI1SI iY\rbnb Ha rpo6HHLJ,aTa Ill, Ha )J,bn60411Ha 2"90 M. nO)J,b nO)J,a Ha anCI1)J,aTa (rn. ra6n. IX). rpo6bTb CbiJ,bp}!{aWe e.n,HHb
CKeneTb Ha Bb3paCTeHb 40B-tl<b Cb rna sara Ha 3ana)J,b, 4HHTO I<OCTI1 6-txa Cb6paHI1 ManKO Bb Kynb.
Bb npbCTbTa ce HaM-Ep11xa H-EKonKo ManKI1 napYera orb crpoweHa no-paHo CTbKneHI1u,a.
H111<a1<BH
cn-EA11 OTb orpa)J,a HnH KOBYerb He ce yKa3axa.
06p. 76. -
KepaMHlleHb rpo6b Bb anowara Ha Cs. Co<jm11.
2. rpo6b, OT!<p11Tb Ha 9. VIII. 910 rO)J,. Bb anCI1)J,aTa, np11 c-tsepo-H3T04HHSI iY\rbnb Ha rpo6HI1u,ara Ill, Ha Abn6o4HHa 230 M. nO)J,b no.n,a Ha anCH)J,ara. Bb rpo6a ce yKa3a e!J,HHb cKeneTb Ha Bb3pacreHb 40B-tl<b Cb rnasara Ha
Ha rpo6a AOCTHra o1<ono
3ana.n,b, 411HTO I<OCTH 6-txa OT4aCTH Cb6paHH Bb Kynb. )J,bn}!{HHaTa
M. Cn-t.n,osarenHo 11 ryKb KOCTHT-t CiY\ 611nH np-tHeceHH ornocn-t.
89
06HKHOBeHH rp060Be Bb ueHTpanHaTa YaCTb Ha UcpKBaTa
2 a.
C~KW.HSJ AeHb nOAb ropH1-1Sl rpo6b ce HaMi;p!-1 .r:~pyrh, noxnyneHb Cb roni;MI-1 KepaMI-iAH, Bb
KOHTO KOCTI-1Ti; C!KW.O 6i;xa Cb6paHI-1 ManKo Bb Kynb (o6p.
76). lnasara Ha CKenera ce HaMHpawe Ha
!Orb. HHKaKBH npi;AMeTI-1 Bb rpo6a He ce HaMi;p1-1xa.
3. lpo6b, OTI<p1-1Tb Ha 9. VIII. 910

230 M. nOAb
ro.r:~. Bb anCI-1AaTa Me<AY rpa.r:~eHara rpo6HHu,a Ill H c-bsepno.r:~a Ha anCI-1AaTa. Bb
Hara cri;Ha, Ha Ab1100Y!-1Ha
rpo6a ce yKa3axa .r:~sa ct<enera Ha
Bb3paCTHI-1 XOpa Cb rnaB!-1Ti; Ha !Orb, YHI-1TO I<OCTI-1 6i;xa BeYe

AOCTa pa36bpKaHH. HHKai<BH Cili;AH OTb I<OBYerb He ce HaMi;p1-1Xa. ,lJ,bJl<I-1HaTa Ha
1 M. no -
rpo6a ,[\OCTI-ira e,[IBa 01<0110
rpe6eHHeTO CJli;,[IOBaTeJlHO He e nbpB1-14HO; I<OCTHTi; 1-1 Bb T031-1

cnyyaJ::!
C/K 61-111H
npi;HeceHH
1-1
nocraseHH
AeHb
/KrbJlb,
nOAb Ha
Kopa6b,
Ha ,[\bJ160YI-1Ha
ornocni;.
ro.r:~ . Bb ci;sepHoro
4. lpo6b, orKp1-1Tb Ha 28. IX. 910

or.r:~i;neHHe Ha Hanpi;YHHSI
ryKb
Bb caMHSJ
0 6 p. 77. - 3naTeHb npbcTeHb OTb

rpo6 a 4 (e: CT. ron.) .
ci;sepo-3ana-
80 CM. nO,[\b nbpBOHaYaJlHHSl
u,bpKsara. lpo6bTb Ha IO<Hara CH crpaHa 61; 3a-
rpaAeHb Cb eAHHb peAb pi;YHI-1 KaMbHI-1 6e3b xopocaHb, a Ha

ci;sepHara crpaHa rpaHI-141-1 Cb ci;sepH1-1Sl 3HAb Ha Hanpi;YHI-151
1<0pa6b,
BCJli;ACTBI-ie Ha KOeTO
HerOBaTa
cpopMa
SICHO
Ce
oyeprasa. To~::! e Abilbrb
175 M., npH rnasara e no-wHpOKb

(60 CM .) 1-1 KbMb KpaKara nocreneHHO ce cri;cHSJBa (Ao 53
eM.). Orb ct<enera,
KOHTO
6Hnb nocraseHb Cb
06p . 78. - 3naTeHb npbCTeHb OTb

rpo6a 5 (ecT. ron .).
rnasara
Ha 3anaAb, C/K 3ana3eHH caMo Hi;Kol-1 no-3ApasH KOCTH OTb yepena , rpb6HaKa H KpaKara. Bb rpo6a
Ce HaMi;pHXa CJli;,[IHHTi; npi;,[IMeTI-1 : napYeTa OTb TbHKa KOnp1-1HeHa MaTepH51 Cb MHOrO ,[I06pi; 3ana3eHH 3JlaTHI-1 HHWKI-1 1-1 Cb HeSICHH wapKH;
4 rpy61-1 <eJli;3HI-1 rB03,[\e51 (AbJlrl-1
cnnecHaTI-1 rnas1-1, KOHTO noKa3BaTb, Ye ri;noro e 61-1110 nocraseHo Bb AbCYeHb

npbCTeHb (A1-1aMeTbpb
9 CM.) Cb WHpOKI-1
01<0110
KOBYerb;
3nareHb
25 MM., T51H<eCTb 1365 rp.), OTJ11-14HO 3ana3eHb 1-1 ,[I06pi; H3pa60TeHb (o6p. 77
1-1 ra6n. VIII 5). Bbpxy Kp~Krnoro nnocKo JlHu,e Ha npbCTeHa, nocraseHo Me<AY ABi; JlbBCKI-1 rnaBHYKH,
Cb KOHTO 3aBbpWBa XaJlKaTa, e rpaBHpaHb
HeraTI-1Bb HaAni-1CbTb
WeCTOKOHeYeHb KpbCTb,
01<0110
KOHTO Ce HaMHpa Bb
X~,!,~il~K"k npkcTEH"k. 0Tb HeraTHBHara cpopMa Ha HaAn!-1ca ce BH<Aa , Ye npbC-
VI BaH o B b (VI3si;crH51
1911, 5 H ra6n. I 2), KOHTO
TeHbTb e 61-111b ynorpi;651BaHb Karo neYaTb. ln. 3a Hero 6i;ni;<KI-1Ti; Ha Hop.

Ha 6bnr. apxeon . .r:~py<. II,
nocoYBa Hi;KoH napanenH 3a HMero Xo.r:~opb BMi;cro

Teo.r:~opb,
m, 0,
06p . 79. -
Cb
To.r:~opb
(3aMi;H51BaHe
Ha
acn1-1pHpaHOTO
x).
5. lpo6b, OTKPHTb Ha 2. XII. 910
KopnoHb OTb rpo6a 5 (eCT. ron.).
ro.r:~. npi;Ab
~a AbJ1-
ci;sepo-3anaAHI-151 nOAKynoneHb nl-inacrbpb,

6oYHHa
115
r;
nOAb
nbpBOHaYaJlHI-151
nOAb Ha
u,bpKBaTa. Bb rpo6a, ocsi;Hb
pacreHb YOBi;Kb, Ce HaMi;pl-1 3JlaTeHb npbCTeHb (AI-iaMeTbpb
cKeneTb
Ha
Bb3-
27 MM. , T51H<eCTb 35"05 rp.), Bbpxy Kp!K78 1-1 ra6n. VIII 6). HaoKono
rnOTO JlHu,e Ha KOHTO e rpasHpaHb openb Cb pa3nepeHH KpHna (o6p.

ce
HaM!-1pa Bb o6pareHb
peAb
no.r:~ni-1CbTb
t C.HT~MHP~Kl 1.j
llph.CTEH,
xy6aso H3pa6oreHa cnHpana OTb nanMeTKI-1. ln. 3a T031-1 npbcTeHb

Ha
6bnr.
apxeon. .r:~py<. II,
Hop.
xanKara
yKpaceHa
Cb
VI BaH o B b, Bb Vl3si;cr1-151
1911, 8 en., KOHTO Cb npaso nocoysa, ye T031-1 81-1TOM1-1pb e si;po-
51THO C/Kll\OTO JlHLJ,e, H3Bi;CTHO OTb e,[\1-iHb Ha,[\ni-1Cb OTb 6051HCKaTa U,bpKBa KaTO 6aw,a Ha f\JlTHMHpa,
KOHTO ce nOMI-1Hailb npi;3b
pa3HI-1 l-13rHI-1Jll-1 Marep1-11-1,
1346
ro.r:~. Bb rpo6a ocsi;Hb npbcTeHa ce HaMi;p1-1xa ow.e 1-1 napYera OTb
si;3aHI-1 OTYaCTH Cb 3Jlaro. Oco6Ho BHI-1MaHHe 3acnymasarb Me<AY ri;xb
ABi; ynneTeHI-1 KaTO KOpAOHI-1 napYeTa Cb Bb3eJll-1, 1<01-iTO C/K CJlYH<I-1111-1 si;p051THO 3a 3aKOnYaBaHe Ha
JJ,pex1-1rl (o6p.
Cs.
79). Ti;noro e 61-1110 norpe6aHo Bb AbpBeHb KOBYerb , KaKTO noKa3BaTb 3ana3eHI-1Ti;
Co<j>H~ .
12
90
HeKpononbTb Ha Ubpt<BaTa Cs. Co<j:n1St
CJ1i:.,O,I1 OTb ,O,bDBOTO 11 ,O,Ba rpy611
>KeJ1i:.3HI1 rB03,0,eSl. no BC114KO 113rJ1e>K,O,a, 4e rpOObTb e np11Ha,o,ne-
>KaJ1b Ha Hi:.Koe TBbp,O,b Ba>KHO J111Ue.
6. rpo6b, OTKp11Tb Ha 2. XII. 910 ro,o,. npi:.,o,b 10ro-3ana,o,HI1Sl no,o,KynoneHb nl1nacrbpb, Ha

,O,bJ160411Ha OKOJ10 80 CM. nO,O,b nbpBOHa4aJ1HI1Sl nO,O,b Ha
Ha
UbpKBaTa.
rpo6bTb Cb,O,bp>KaWe CKeJleTb
Bb3pacreHb 40Bi:.Kb Cb rnaBara Ha 3ana,o,b :1 Cb p.li\.ut. KpbcrocaHI1 Bbpxy rbp,o,11rt. Ha,o,b CKe-
nera Bbpxy
rbp,o,11rt. ce HaMi:.p11xa 20
6poH30BI1
ron4ecr11
KOnYera,
113B;upt,
KYXI1
(,o,11aMerbpb
OKOJ10
10 MM.), OT4aCTI1 n03JlaTeHI1, 11 e,o,Ha OTYyneHa cpe-
ObpHa
MOHera (,o,11aMeTbpb
st.posrFHO 6b.Flrap~H-a
18 MM.),
OTb V1B. F\n eKCaH,o,pa (1331-1365 ro,o,.) .
7. r p06b, OTKp11T'b Ha 1. XI. 910 ro,o,. Bb IO>KHOTO OT,o,i:.neH11e Ha Hanpi:.4HI1Sl Kopa6b, npi:.,o,b caMI1Sl no,o,KynoneHb
06p 80. -
ni1JlaCTbpb,
Cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb OTb

rpo6a 8 (eCT. ron.).
Ha
,O,bJ100411Ha
80 CM.
nO,O,b
nbpBOHa4aJ1HI1Sl
nO,O,b Ha UbpKBaTa. rpo6bTb Cb,O,bp>Kawe e,O,I1Hb CKelleTb Ha

Bb3pacreHb 40Bi:.Kb Cb
rnaBara Ha 3ana,o,b. OcBi:.Hb roBa
HaMi:.p11Xa Ce ,O,Bi:. rOJ1bMI1 n03JlaTeHI1 6pOH30BI1 KOn4eTa OTb 0611KHOBeHaTa TOn4eCTa
cpopMa (,o,11a -
MeTbpb 15 MM.) 11 e,o,I1Hb cpe6bpeHb rpowb (,o,11aMeTbpb 21 MM.) orb M11xa11nb W11wMaHa (1323-
1330 ro,o,.), HaoKono OT4aCTI1 oyyneHb ( Lj ubi
c,
Opis jugoslavenskih novaca, Zagreb 1875, crp. 23
n. 2 11 ra6n. II 21).
8. rpo6b, OTKPI1Tb Ha 5. XI. 910 ro,o,. Bb IO>KHOTO or,o,t.neHI1e Ha Hanpi:.4HI1Sl KOpa6b, Ha ,O,bJ160411Ha
OKOJ10 1 M. nO,O,b nbpBOHa4aJ1HI1Sl nO,O,b Ha UbpKBaTa. rpo6bTb Cb,O,bp>Kawe e,O,I1Hb CKeJleTb Ho Bb3pacTeHb 40Bi:.Kb Cb rnaBara Ha 3ana,o,b. Ha ,o,ecHara p.li\.Ka Ha CKenera ce
HaMi:.p11 cpe6bpeHb npb-
creHb (,o,11aMeTbpb 23 MM.) Cb npo3pa4eHb KaMbKb (CTbKIIO), yKpaCeHb HaOKOJlO Cb MaJ1KI1 TOn4eTa
(o6p. 80).
9. rpo6b, OTKp11Tb Ha 25. IX. 910 ro)J,. Bb IO>KHOTO or,o,t.neHI1e Ha Hanpi:.4HI1Sl Kopa6b, npi:.Ab
3ana)J,Hara ep11AKa, Ha Abn6o411Ha 80 eM. nOAb nbpBoHaYanHI1Sl
nOAb Ha UbpKBara. Bb rpo6a ce
yKa3a e,[l,I1Hb CKenerb Ha Bb3pacreHb 40Bi:.Kb , norpe6aHb Cb rnaBara Ha !Orb. Orb cKenera 6t.xa 3ana3eHI1
CaMO
4aCTI1
OTb 4epena, ,[l,eOeJ111Ti:. KOCTI1 Ha KpaKaTa 11 OW,e Hi:.KOI1 n0 3,0,paBI1 KOCTI1 OTb
p.li\.ut.rt, 11 rpb6HaKa. OcBi:.Hb TOBa

rHI1na TbHKa
Konp11HeHa Marep11Sl;
HaMi:.p11xa
napYera
ce Bb rpo6a
OTb
cnt.,o,HI1Ti; npt.,o,MeTI1 : napYera orb 113-
rpy6a neHeHa
Marep11Sl
Cb
cnt.,o,11
orb 3JlaTHI1
3 MaJ1KI1 6pOH30BI1 TOn4eCTI1 KOn4eTa, 113B.li\.Tpi; KYXI1, KOI1TO OWe ce Kpi:.ntxa Ha e,O,HO
nap4e OTb TbHKa Konp11HeHa Marep11Sl; 8 rpy611 >+<ent3HI1 rB03AeSl
(,O,bJ1rl1 OKOJ10 9 CM.) Cb W11pOKI1 CnJ1eCHaTI1 rnaBI1 11 Cb cni:.,o,11 OTb
HI1WKI1;
nbpBO,
KOI1TO ce 6t.xa
3ana311J111 Bb pb>+<Aara Ha Merana; e)J,I1Hb
3JJaTeHb npbCTeHb (,o,11aMeTbpb 22 MM., TSl>KeCTb 1106 rp.) Cb Kp.li\.rJIO

nnocKo n11ue, Bbpxy Koero e rpoB11paHo 113o6pa>+<eHI1ero Ha e,o,Ho
CI1JIHO CTI1J111311paHO JlbB4e,
0011KOJieHO
MeTKI1 (o6p. 81 11 ra6n. VIII 7). KaKro ce
Cb
Cn11pana
BI1>+<Aa
orb
OTb
nan-
06p. 81. - 3naTeHb npbcTeHb OTb

rpo6a 9 (ec-r. ron .).
rB03AeJ-!Ti:.
JII1UeTO e 611n0 norpe6aHO Bb )J,bC4eHb KOB4erb, KOiho e 113rHI1Jib. npaBI1 Bne4aTJ1eHI1e, 4e TbllOTO
e 611no nocraBeHo He Cb rnaBara Ha 3ananb, KaKro e xp11CTI1SlHCKI1SlTb o611Yai1,
a Ha !Orb, MaKapb
11 ,[l,a Hi:.Ma HI1KaKBO CbMHi:.HI1e, 4e norpe6eHI1eTO e Xp11CTI1SlHCKO. npbCTeHbTb e 113)J,a)J,eHb 11 Oni1CaHb

no-no,o,po6Ho orb Hop. V1 BaH o B b, V13Bi:.CTI1Sl Ha 6bnr. apxeon. Apy>+<. II, 1911, 10 11 ra6n. I 6.
10. rpo6b, OTKPI1Tb Bb rnaBHI1Sl Kopa6b Ha 18. X. 910 ro)J,., Ha )J,bn6o411Ha 1'1 0 M. nO,O,b
nbpBOHa4allH11Sl nO)J,b Ha UbpKBaTa. rpo6bTb Cb,O,bp>Kawe e)J,I1Hb CKeJleTb Ha Bb3paCTeHb 40Bi:.Kb Cb
rnaBara Ha 3ana,o,b. OcBi:.Hb roBa HaMi:.p11xa ce 17 6poH30BI1 ronyecw KOnYera (,o,11aMerbpb oKono 10
MM.), napye OTb C4yneHb CTbKJleHb C.li\.)J,b 11 nap4e OTb OJIOBHa nfi04a.
06f1KHOBeHH rpo6oBe Bb UeHTpa!lHaTa 4aCTb Ha UbpKBaTa
11.
19. X. 910
rpo6b, OT!<pVITb Ha
nbpBOHa4anHVI51 no,D,b Ha
u,bpi<BaTa.
ro,D,. Bb rnaBHVI51 !<Opa6b,
Bb rpo6a e 6VInb
Ha
91
1'10
,[l,bn004VIHa
M.
nO,D,b
norpe6aHb Bb3pacreHb 40B-5I<b Cb rnasara
Ha 3ana,D,b Bb AbC4eHb I<OBYerb, 4VIVITO 04epraHVI51 ce 3a6-En-53saxa
Bb npbCTbTa. Ocs-5Hb ci<eneTa
HVII<ai<BVI ApyrVI np-5,D,MeTVI Bb T03VI rpo6b He ce HaM-EpV~xa.
12.
rpo6b, OTI<PVITb Ha
28. X. 910
ro,D, Bb rnaBHVI511<0pa6b, Ha ,[l,bn604VIHa
110
M. nO,D,b nbpBO-
Ha4anHVI51 nO,[J,b Ha U,bp!<BaTa. rpOObTb Cb,D,bp>H.awe ,[l,Ba CI<eneTa Cb rnaBVIT-5 Ha 3ana,D,b, nOCTaBeHVI VI
,[l,BaTa Bb 06W,b ,D,bpBeHb I<OB4erb, 4VI51TO cpOpMa Ce 04epTaBaWe 51CHO no Vl3rHVInVITi; ,[J,bCI<\1 Bb npbCTbTa.
KosyerbTb e 6VInb ,D,bnbrb
I<aTa
064
1'90,
WVIpOIH.HVI51 ci<eneTb ce HaM-EpVI cpe6b-
20 MM.),
peHb npbCTeHb Cb YeTBbpTVITa nnoci<a xani<a (AVIaMeTbpb
Bbpxy
I<051TO e npV1I<p-5neHa YeTBbpTVITa nnoYI<a, yi<paceHa Cb Mani<VI ronYeTa
(o6p.
CTbi<no,
82);
nOAb
no cpi;,D,aTa Ha nnoYI<aTa
I<oero
scn-EACTBVIe Ha I<oero VI
no,D,no>H.eHa
caMOTo
nooaseHo
H-EI<ai<Ba
CTbi<no
np03pa4HO
YepseHa
MarepV151,
Vl3rne>H.,D,a YepseHo. Me>KAY
rnaBVIT-5 Ha cKeneTVIT-5 ce HaM-5pV1 pVIMCI<a 6poH30Ba MOHeTa

BbpweHo VI3TpV1Ta, a Vl3b npbCTbTa -
06p. 82. -- Cp26bpeHb npbc

reHb OTb rpo6a 12 (ecr. ron)
IV s-5I<b (AVIaMeTbpb 20 MM.), Cb-
OTb
e,D,HO 6poH30BO TOnYecro I<On4e (AVIMMeTbpb
11
MM.). MoHeTaTa
e nona,D,Hana s-5p051THO cnyYaHHO Bb rpo6a 3ae,D,HO Cb npbCTb OTb OI<OnHOCTbTa.
13-18.
85-95
CI<eneTb
eM.
rpo6ose, OTI<pVITVI BCVI41<11
no,D,b
Ha
15. X. 910
Ha
nbpBOHaYanHVI51 nOAb Ha
Bb3pacTeHb
40B-5I<b,
ro,D,.
Bb
u,bpi<BaTa. Bc-EI<VI
norpe6aHb Cb rnaBaTa
rnaBHVI51
rpo6b CbAbp>H.awe
Kos4e3VIT-5 npVI
rnaBaTa
nocreneHHO CJK ce cr-EcH51BanVI, I<aTo AOCTVIraTb
CJK 6VInVI
30-35
caMo no e,D,VIHb
Ha 3ana,[J,b. npVI BHVIMaTenHOTO pa34VICT-
BaHe Bb npbCTbTa 51CHO Ce 04epTaBawe cpopMaTa Ha ,D,bpBeHVIT-5 I<OB4e3VI,

CbBbpweHo Vl3rHVInVI.
!<Opa6b, Ha ,[l,bn004VIHa
4VIVITO ,[J,bCI<VI o6a4e 6i;xa
(40-50
no-wVIpOI<VI
CM.), a I<bMb I<pai<ara
CM. ,lJ,bn rt<VIHaTa VIMb e ot<ono
180
OTb T-Exb oTcrpaHVI 6-Exa nowpa,D,eHVI no Cb e,D,VIHb pe,D,b p-54HVI I<aMbHVI 6e3b Ma3VIni<a. -
13
M. H-EI<OVI
Bb rpo6a
Ce HaM-5pV1 4aCTb OTb roni;Ma 6pOH30Ba o6i;u,a VI e,[l,HO 6pOH30BO TOn4eCTO I<On4e, VI3B.lKTpi; I<YXO
(AVIaMeTbpb OI<ono
HVIT-5
CM.). -
npi;,D,MeTVI: cpe6bpHa
cpbOCI<VI51
I<panb
na3apb
jugoslavenskih novaca crp.

MOHeTa
06p. 83. - Cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb OTb
rpo6a 17 (eo. ron.).
16
(AVIaMeTbpb
TOn4eCTVI
I<On4eTa,
Bb
14
ce HaM-EpVIxa cn-EA-
MOHeTa (nVIaMeTbpb 18 MM.) OTb

(1377-1389 ro,D,., Lj ubi c, Opis
162 n. 7 VI ra6n. XI 13); 6poH30Ba
MM.), CbBC-5Mb VI3TpV1Ta; TpVI 6pOH30BVI

I<YXVI (AVIaMeTbpb OI<OnO
VI3B.lKTpi;
napYeTa OTb i-BrHVIna
rpo6a
MaTepV151,
Me>KAY
I<OVITO
ce
MM.);
3a6-En-53Ba
2 eM., yi<paceHa Cb wapi<VI Bb BVIAb Ha

Bb rpo6a 15 ce HaM-EpVIxa 4 6poHocMoi<oHe4HVI 3B-53,D,VI. 30BVI TOn4eCTVI I<On4eTa (AVIaMeTbpb OI<OnO 9 MM.) VI e,D,HO napVI e,D,Ha neHTa, wVIpoi<a
4e CVIHe CTbl<nO, si;p051THO OTb CTpoweHb CJK,[l,b. -
16
06p. 84. - Cpe6bpeHb npbcTeHb OTb
rpo6a 19 (ecr. ron.).
ce HaM-5pV1Xa
Bb rpo6a
17
2 6pOH30BVI TOn4eCTVI I<On4eTa (AVIa MeTbpb 14
15
MM.) OTb Teo,D,OCVI I
(379-385
3ae,D,HO Cb OI<OnHaTa
ce HaM-5pV1 cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb (AVIaMeTbpb
I<OHTO e rpaBVIpaHb Ha,D,nVICb
rpo6a
MM.) VI e,D,Ha ManKa ,D,06pi; 3ana3eHa 6pOH30Ba MOHeTa (AVIaMeTbpb
I<051TO CVIrypHo e nona,D,Hana Bb T03VI rpo6b

-
fjb
t HCYno:::>Hc
(o6p.
83).
ro,D,.; Cohen
npbCTb OTb
23
VIII 158, 30),
no-crapVI
nnacrose.
MM.), Bbpxy I<pJKrnoro nVIu,e Ha
Ha,D,nVICbTb, Bb I<OHTO H-EI<OVI OTb 6yi<BVIT-5 CJK
nocTaBeHVI Haonbi<VI, w,e ,D,a CbAbp>H.a co6cTBeHo VIMe, I<OeTo He MVI ce yAa,D,e ,D,a pa34eTa Cb nonO>H.VIrenHOCTb. -
19.
Bb rpo6a
rpo6b,
18
ocs-EH'h I<OCTVI HVIW,O Apyro He ce yi<a3a.
OTI<pVITb
Ha
27. X. 910
ro,D,.
Bb rnaBHVI51
1<0pa6b, Ha
,[J,bn604V1Ha
01<0110
M.
nO,D,b HVIBOTO Ha U,bp!<BaTa. rpo6bTb Cb,ITbp>H.awe e,D,VIHb CI<eneTb Ha Bb3paCTeHb 40B-5l<b Cb rnaBaTa
HeKponOJJbTb Ha ubpKBoTa Cs Co<jJH51
92
21 MM.) Cb ront.Mn H<JlbTb

KaMbKb (o6p. 84); 2 6pOH30BVI TOn4eCTVI KOn4eTa (nVIaMeTbpb OKOJlO 9 MM.); 5 nap4eTa OTb TbHKa
Ha 3ananb. Ocst.Hb Tosa HaMt.pVIxa ce: cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb (nVIaMeTbpb
6pOH30Ba JleHTa Cb nOnBVITVI Kpai::iw,a,
st.p051THO 06JlVILI,OBKa Ha Ht.KaKbBb TbHbKb JleHTOnono6eHb
npt.nMeTb; 4eTBbpTV!Ta nbpBeHa VIKOHa, CbBbpWeHO V13rHVIJla, BVICOKa
43, WVIpOKa 36, ne6ena 08
eM. Ha enHaTa CTpaHa Ha VIKOHaTa ce 3a6t.nt.3BaTb o4epTaHVI51Ta
Ha enHa qmrypa no no51ca (st.po-
51THO
npyraTa
Cs.
6oroponVIua
Cb
Vlcyca
XpVICTa
Bb
pJKut.Tt.),
a Ha
CTpaHa
20. rpo6b, OTKPVITb

Ha
Ha
29. X. 910 ron. Bb rnasHVI51 Kopa6b,
nbJJ604VIHa
1 M-
OKOJlO
nOnb
nbpBOHa4aJlHVI51
nonb Ha U,bpKBaTa. rpo6bTb CbnbpH<aWe nsa CKeJleTa

Ha Bb3pacTHVI xopa Cb rnasVITt, Ha 3ananb,'T10rpe6aHVI
Bb nbpseHb KOB4efb. MaKapb cpopMaTa
pV1Tt, Ha
KOBYera
npbCTbTa,
see
na
He
naKb
ce
VI
pa3Mi;-
oYepTasaxa 51CHO Bb
st.po51THO e,
ye Toi::i e 6V1Ilb
06W,b VI 3a nBaTa Tpyna, KOVITO ce HaMVIpaTb CbBCt.Mb

6JJVI30 enVIHb no npyrb, KaKTO e
npVI rpo6a
MaTepV151, OT4aCTVI Cb 3JlaTHVI
VI <:pe6bpHV1 HVIWKVI (o6p.

3naTOTb
K3H3 M3TepY151 OTb

rpo6a 20.
KO KOn4e
cnyYa51Tb VI
12. Bb rpo6a ce yKa3axa napYeTa OTb
pa3HVI BVInOBe Vl3rHVIJla
06p. 85. -
6VIJlb
V13rHVIJla KOH<a;
n051Cb, llbJlra
roJJt.Ma
85 VI 86); 2 nap4eTa
OTb
06p.
H<eJJt.3Ha TOKa OTb KOH<eHb
86. -
Cpe6polb-
KaHa MaTepY151 Cb K3<jJ51BYI

wapKYI OTb rpo6a 20.
5 CM.; 4 6pOH30BVI TOn4eCTVI KOn4eTa
(nVIaMeTbpb 9 MM.) VI enHO nonofiHO CbBCt.Mb MaJl
(nVIaMeTbpb
6 MM.); cyyneHa 6poH30Ba
xanKa
VI
nst.
nap4eTa
21-23. rpo6ose, OTKpVITVI Ha 22. XI. 910 ron. Bb rnaBHVI51 Kopa6b, no npt.MBepVIeTO, Ha
nbn6o4V1Ha OKOJlO 1 M. nonb nbpBuHa4aJlHVI51 nonb Ha u,bpKsaTa.
paTb CbBCt.Mb 6JJVI30 enVIHb nO npyrb, CbnbpH<aXa
VI TPVITt, rpo6a, KOVITO ce HaMVI-
no enVIHb CKeJleTb Ha
Bb3paCTeHb 40Bt.Kb Cb
rnasaTa Ha 3ananb. Bb Kpai:1HVI51 ( ct.sepHV151) rpo6b ce HaMt.pVI ocst.Hb To sa enHa MHoro VI3TpV1Ta VI
c yneHa Ha nst. cpe6bpHa cpt.nHest.KosHa iV!oHeTa (nVIaMeTbpb 19 MM.), K051TO no TVIna Vl3rne<na na
4
6JKne 6bnrapcKa VIJlVI cpb6cKa. Cpt.nHVI51Tb rpo6b, ocst.Hb cKeneTa, He Cbnbpmawe HVIW,O npyro, a
20 MM., nst, 6pOH30BVI

yKpaCVI, BVICOKVI nO 2"5 CM., Bb BVInb Ha E:IVICOKVI KOn4eTa, no cpt.naTa npo6VITVI (o6p. 87), VI enHa
6pOH30Ba BVI3aHTVIi::iCKa MOHeTa (nVIaMeTbpb 28 MM.) OTb VlsaHa I UVIMVICXVI (969-976 ron.) Ha nVIueTo Ha MOHeTa ce pa3no-
Bb !OH<HVI51 ce HaMt.pVI enVIHb 6pOH30Bb npbCTeHb -
XaJJKa Cb nVIaMeTbpb
3HaBa 6!0CTbTb Ha Vlcyca XpVICTa, CVIJlHO VI3TPVITb. Ha onaKOTO

ce YeTe Bb YeTVIPVI pena : lhSYS XRISTYS bASILEY
Sabatier II
142, 6 VI Ta6n. XLVIII 3; Wroth, Catal. of the
byzant. coins in the Brit. Mus. II

Q6p. 87. -
24
6pOH30B3 yKpaca OTb
rpo6a 21 (eo
ron).
Kopa6b, Ha
bASIL. Cp.
rpo6b,
OTKpVITb
477, 11 VI Ta6n. LV 2.
Ha
6. XI. 910 ron. Bb rnaBHVI51
llbJl604VIHa 11 0 M. nonb nbpsoHa4aJlHVI51 nonb Ha
u,bpKsaTa. Bb rpo6a ce yKa3a cKeneTb Ha Bb3paCTeHb yost.Kb Cb rnasaTa Ha 3ananb, a TaKa CJKW,O
nap4eTa OTb V13rHVIJlO nbpBO VI
rpy6VI H<eJlt.3HVI rB03neVI OTb KOB4era, Bb KOi::iTO e 6VIJl0 norpe6aHO
Tt.JlOTO, KaKTO VI 4aCTVI OTb V13rHVIJla MaTepV151 OTb o6nt.KJlOTO. 8bpXy CKeJleTa, OTb WVI51Ta nO KpaKaTa,
Ce HaMt.pVIXa, HapeneHVI Bb npasa JlVIHVI51,
KYXVI.
0Tb
Tt.XHOTO
KpaKaTa npexa,
pa3nono<eHVIe
OTBopeHa
34 6pOH30BVI TOn4eCTVI KOn4eTa (nVIaMeTbpb 12 MM.), VI3BJKTpt,
ce BVI<na, Ye
oTnpt.nb no u,t,naTa
norpe6aHVI51Tb e 6V1Ilb o6nt.YeHb Bb nbnra no
CVI nbJJH<VIHa, At.To ce
6poi::iHVI I<On4eTa, nO)J,06HO Ha )J,HeWHVITt, nbJlfVI aHTepVIVI.
3aKonYasana Cb
MHoro-
93
06Ht<HOBeHI1 rpo6oae Bb crpaHHYHHSI t<opa6b
25. rpo6b, OTKpHTb Ha 6. XI. 910 fOil,. Bb rnaBHH51 KOpa6b, Ha IJ,bn604HHa OKano 11 0 M.
nOIJ,b nbpBOHa4aflHH51 nOIJ,b Ha l.l,bpKBara, 0'80 M. Ha IOfb OTb rpo6a 24. OcB-BHb pa3flO>HeHb CKenerb Ha Bb3paCTeHb 40B-BKb Cb maBara Ha 3ana.D,b, rpo6bTb eb.D,bp>Hawe ow,e nap4era orb H3fHHna
MarepH51 H D,bpBeHH 4aeTH OTb KOB4era, Bb KOiho e 6HnO norpe6aHO r-tnOTO. npH pa34HeTBaHe Ha
npbeTbTa
ee HaM-tpHXa en-BIJ,HHT"B np-BD,MeTH :
epe6bpeHb npbCTeHb
(AHaMeTbpb
23 MM.), Bbpxy
Kp.'i'.fJlOTO nHLI,e Ha KOiho e rpaBHpaHb ebBe-tMb Heep.'i'.4HO eiJ,HOrnaBb openb eb OpHaMeHTH HaOKOnO (o6p.
88); IJ,B-i; eYyneHH cpe6bpHH o61;l.I,H , yKpaeeHH eb qmnHrpaHOBa pa6ora, H IJ,B-i; ManKH
(AHaMeTbpb 12 MM.).
r---'
cpe6bpHH xan4Hl.I,H
26-27. rpo6oBe, OTI<pHTH Ha 2. XI. 910 roD,. Bb rnaBHH51 KOpa6b, Ha Abn604HHa OKOno
90 eM. nOIJ,b nbpBOHa4anHH51 nOIJ,b Ha l.l,bpKBaTa. rpo6oBer1; eb.D,bp>Haxa no e.D,HHb ebBe-BMb pa3nO}!{eHb CKeneTb Ha Bb3paCTeHb 40B-BKb eb rnaBara
Ha
3ana.D,b.
VI Bb ABara ee HaM-BpHxa caMo H3rHHnH AbpBeHH napYera Orb

KOB4e3HT-t , Bb KOHTO eJK 6HnH norpe6aHH rpynoBer-t.
30. X. 910 fOil,. Bb

rnaBHH51 KOpa6b, Ha D,bn604HHa OKano 90 eM. nOIJ,b nbpBOHa 4anHH51 nOAb Ha U.bpKBara. VI ABara rpo6a ebAbp>Haxa no
28-29.
rpo6oBe,
OTI<pHTH
Ha
06p. 88. - Cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb orb

rpo6a 25 (ecr . r on .) .
.enHHb pa3nO}!{eHb eKenerb Ha Bb3pacreHb 40B-BKb, eb rnaBara

Ha 3ana.D,b, norpe6aHb Bb AbpBeHb KOB4efb, OTb KOiho en-BAH 6-txa 3ana3eHH. rpo6oBer1; He Cb.D,bp}!{aXa HHKaKBH ApyrH np-BAMeTH.
30. rpo6b, OTKpHTb Ha 26. XI. 910 roD,. Bb c-BBepo-3ana.D,HHSI .'i'.fbnb Ha n-BBJ.-151 CTpaHH4eHb
60-80 eM. nOIJ,b nbpBOHa4anHH51 nOIJ,b Ha l.l,bpKBaTa. rpo6bTb eb.D,bp>HaWe
KOpa6b, Ha IJ,bn604HHa
7-8 eKenera, 4HHTO KOeTH ce HaMHpaxa Bb ron-BMb 6e3nOp51D,bKb. 51BHO e, 4e T-B3H KOeTH eJK 6HnH
H3Ba.D,eHH orb Apyro M-BCTo H nocn-B 3apoBeHH ryKb.
HHKaKBYI en-BAH OTb
KOB4efb HnH ApyrH H-B-
KaKBH np-BAMeTH He Ce HaM-BpHxa.
31-34. rpo6oBe, OTKPHTH Ha 27. XI. 910 rOD,. Bb 3ana.D,Hara 4aeTb Ha n-BBH51 CTpaHH4eHb KOpa6b, Ha Abn604HHa OKOnO 80 CM. nOIJ,b nbpBOHa4anHH51 nOIJ,b Ha l.l,bpKBara . rpo6oBer1; C.'i'. 6HnH
pa3paB51HH no-paHo H KoerHr-B HMb pa36bpKaHH . CaMO Bb eAHHb
(33) ce HaM-BpHxa 17 6pOH30BH ronyeem KOnYera

(AHaMerbpb OKano 12 MM.) H e.D,HO no.D,o6Ho no-ron-BMo
(IJ,HaMeTbpb 15 MM.) KOn4e.
orb rtxb
0 6 p. 89. - Cp e6bpe Hb npbcreHb OTb

rpo6a 35 (ecr. ron .).
35. rpo6b, OTI<pHTb Ha 15. XI. 910 rOD,. Bb 3ana.D,Hara

yaeTb Ha n-BBJ.-151 CTpaHH4eHb KOpa6b, Ha D,bn604HHa OKOnO 80
eM. nOIJ,b nbpBOHa4anHH51 nOIJ,b Ha l.l,bpKBaTa. rpo6bTb eb.D,bp-
>HaWe eKenerb Ha Bb3paCTeHb YoB-BKb eb

Ha
Hero
Kp.'i'.rnOTO
(o6 p .
0 6p . 90 - Cpe 6bp eHb npbcTeH b orb

rp o6 a 39 (ecr. ron.).
ce
HaM-BpH
nHLI,e Ha
Merbpb
epe6bpHa
KOHTO eJK
orb He4HCTO epe6po, Bbpxy

rpaBHpaHH
pa3HH
OpHaMeHTH
_89).
36. rpo6b, OTKPHTb Ha 17. XI. 910 fOil,. Bb 3ana.D,Hara

yaerb Ha n-BBH51 erpaHH4eHb Kopa6b, Ha Abn6o4HHa OKano 80
eM . nOAb nbpBOHa4 anHH51 nOAb Ha U.bpKBara. Bb rpo6a,

ee yKa3a ow,e e.D,Ha
npbeTeHb
rnaBara Ha 3ana.D,b.
o6-Bu.a
Bb BHAb
Ha
oeB-BHb
xanKa,
CKenerb
no cp-BAara
eb rnaBara Ha 3ana.D,b,
ManKo HaAe6eneHa (AHa-
16 MM .) H e.D,Ha crpoweHa >Hen-B3Ha xanKa.

37. rpo6b, OTI<pHTb Ha 30. XI. 910 roD,. Bb n-BBH51
erpaH~4eHb KOpa6b, Ha Abn604HHa OKOno
80 CM. nOIJ,b nbpBOHa4anHH 51 nOIJ,b Ha U.bpKBaTa. 8b rpo6a, oeB-BHb eKeneTb Ha Bb3pacreHb 40B-BKb
HeKpononbTb Ha ubpKsaTa Cs. Cof151
94
Cb maBaTa Ha 3anaAb, ce HaM'5pH spe6bpHa
MOHeTa (nHaMeTbpb
18
MM.), CbBbpWeHHO
H3TpHTa,
s'5po51THO cpb6cKa OTb CreaHb )J,ywaHa.
38.
27. XI. 910
lpo6b, orKpHTb Ha
Ha Ab11004HHa 01<0110
80
roA. AO ct.sepHara crt.Ha Ha 11'5BH51 crpaHwleHb Kopa6b,
CM. nOAb nbpBOHa4a11HI151 nOAb Ha Ubp!<BaTa. lpOObTb CbAbp>KaWe eAHHb

c1<e11eTb Ha Bb3pacreHb 40B'5Kb Cb masara Ha
3anaub. Bbpxy c1<e11era ce HaMt.pHxa
ronl.JeCTH
Kon~..Jera
(nHaMeTbpb o1<0110
7
10
6poH30BH
MM.), rp11
OTb I<OHTO ce !<p'5n'5xa ow,e Ha TbHI<a I<OnpHHeHa

Marep!-151. C11'5AH OTb KOBI..Jefb He ce yKa3axa.
39.
ct.sepHara
26. XI. 910 ron. no
lpo6b, orKpHTb Ha
crt.Ha Ha 11'5BH51 crpaHHI..JeHb Kopa6b,
Ha Ab11004HHa 01<0110
80
nOAb Ha ubpKsara. Bb
CM. nOAb nbpBOHal.Ja11HYI51

rpo6a
ce yKa3a c1<e11eTb
Ha Bb3pacreHb 40B'5Kb Cb rnasara Ha 3anaAb, npH

06p. 92. 06p. 91. - Cpe6bpHa o6ioua
OTb rpo6a 41 (eCT. ron.).
tlO.
120
y~<a3axa
KO~To
ce
HaMt.pH cpe6bpeHb
npbcTeHb (AHaMe-
roA.
Bb 11'5BH51 crpaHHI..JeHb Kopa6b np'5Ab sropara apKa,
M. nOAb nbpBOHa4a11HYI51 nOAb Ha Ll,bp!<BaTa. lpo6bTb CbAbp>Kawe eAHHb Cl<e11eTb
Ha Bb3pacreHb 40B'5Kb
ce
8. X. 910
lpo6b, orKpHTb Ha
Ha Ab11004HHa
Cpe6bpeHb
eMaiinf1paHb npbCTeHb Tbpb 19 MM.) Cb 1<pl11.f110 n110CI<0 11HLJ,e, BbpXy

OTb rpo6a 42 (eCT. ron.). Koero e rpasHpaHb AOCTa rpy6o ope11b (o6p. 90).
Cb masara Ha
3ananb, l.JHHTO KOCTH 6t.xa
caMO ABt. 6poH30BH ronl.JeCTH KOnl.Jera,
H3Bl11.Tp1>
orl.JaCTH pa3M'5creHH.
KYXH, 11 nap4era
Bb rpo6a
OTb H3rHH110 AbpBo,
st.po51THO orb KOBI..Jera Ha norpe6aHH51.
41. lpo6b, omp!Hb Ha 4. X. 910 roA. Bb 111>BH51 crpaHH4eHb Kopa6b no caMara MY cl.>sepHa
crl.>Ha, Ha Ab11004HHa
90
eM. noAb nbpBoHa4a11HH51 nOAb Ha ubpKsara. Bb rpo6a ce HaM'5pvtxa KOCTH
OTb CKe11eTb Ha Bb3pacTeHb l.JOBl.>l<b,

norpe6aHb Cb masara Ha 3anaAb, 11
caMo enHa ro11t.Ma cpe6bpHa o61>ua,
HanpaBeHa OTb OTBOpeHa xa111<a (AHaMeTbpb
40
K051TO
e nocra-
seHo npOAb11rosaro osa11HO
yKpawe-
HHe ( o6p.
MM.),
91 ).
42.
910
Ha
lpo6b, ompHTb Ha
fOA. Bb 11'5BH51
4. X.
CTpaHHI..JeHb 1<0-
paob, Ha Ab11004HHa
90
01<0110
CM.
nOAb nbpBOHa4a11HH51 nOAb Ha Ll,bpi<BaTa.
lpo6bTb
CbAbp>Kawe
enHHb
c1<e11eTb Ha Bb3pacreHb l.JOBl.>Kb, no110>KeHb
Cb
masara
Ha
3anaAb.
Ocsl.>Hb rosa HaMl.>pHxa ce: nap4era

OTb H3fHH11a rpy6a 11eHeHa Marepl-151;
10
6pOH30BH TOnl.JeCTH
!<Onl.JeTa,
Bl11.Tpl.> I<YXH (AHaMeTbpb 01<0110 10

MM.); cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb (nHaMeTbpb
TBbpA'f, xyoaBH
06p. 93 -
H3-
23
MM.), l.JHeTO n110CI<O npOAb!lfOBaTO 11HLJ,e
rpaBHpaHH OpHaMeHTI-1 (o6p.
C11'5AH orb KOBI..Jefb He ce
HaMl.>pHxa.
KbceHb rpo6b Ha ciosepb Olb Cs. Cof151.
92),
HHKpyCTHpaHH OTI..JaCTI-1 Cb 4epb
e yKpaCeHO Cb
eMa~11b
(H11e110).
95
06Ht<HOBeHH rp o6 ose BbHb OTb Ubpt<BaTa
43.
4. X. 910
lpo6h, o r Kpvtrh Ha
80
pa6b, Ha gbn6o4vtHa OKOJlO
rag. Bh d;sepo-vt3TOY'I-Ivt51 JHbJlb Ha nt.Bvt51 CTpaHvtYeHb KO-
eM. nogh nhpBOHaYaJlHI-151 nogb Ha U.bpKBaTa.
Bh rpo6a, Cb Hanpa-
sneHvte OTb Y13T0Kb KbMb 3anagb, ce HaMi:.pvtxa pa3XBbpll51HY1 Bb 6e3pegvte KOCTI-1 , OTgi:.TO Ce BYI>t<,[l,a ,
ye TOH se 1e e 6vtnb pa3p11BaHb no-paHo . Bb npbCTbTa
16
MOHeTa (AvtaMeTbpb
44 - 56.
Ha
10
ce
HaMt.pl-1 ChBbpweHo
113Tp11Ta
vt 11. VIII.
910
roA. npvt ct.sepo-vt3T04Hvt51 JHbllb Ha U.bpKBaTa ce HanpaBvt egi-1Hb
20, 23
cOHAa>Hb Bh cpopMa Ha TP>ii'!'.rhnHvtKb, CTpaHvtTt. Ha KOHTO Mt.pt.xa
30-80
Ha AbJ1604vtHa
13
CM .,
16
1-1
6t.xa OTKPY1TY1
M. Ha
BaTa
OTb
caMo
no eAvtHb
Mt.CTo,
cKeneTh, Cb rna-
93).
Ha 3ana,[l,b (rn . o 6 p.
rpo6oseTt. Mo>t<axa
ga
np11
HtKOI-1
ce KOHCTaTvt-
paTb CJ1-5Avt OTb ,[J,bpBeHvt KOB4e311 , a np11

Apyrvt
rpo6osert. 06p . 95. - 6pO H3 0Bb npbCTeHb OTb

Cs. Co<j> Hil (eCT. r on .).
6t.xa o6rpageHvt Cb cna6b cyxb 3vtgb OTb
06p. 94. - Cpe6bpHa

o6-tua OTb Cs. Co<j>Hil
(ecT. ron.).
He. CaMo ABa
Tyxnvt
napYeTa
OTb
1-1 KaMbHvt.
Bb egvtHb OTb rpo6osert. ce HaMt.pvt cpe6bpHa x anKa-o6t.u.a (AY1aMeThpb

TOKa OTb 11051Cb Cb gsa WY1na (gbnra
CM.) Y1 napYeTa
OTb rpy6a JleHeHa
JleHb u.st.Tb. CKeneTbTh Bb gpyrh egvtHb rp~6b vtMawe Ha nt.BaTa
5'5
303:.1 rpvtBHVI , OTb KOY1TO e,[l,HaTa, Cb gvtaMeTbpb

ApyraTa , Cb gvtaMeThpb
48
cvt
25
MM.), >t<ent.3Ha
MaTepvt51 Cb CY1Hb Y1 3e-
pi'!'.Ka
ABt.
OTB::>peHvt
6poH-
CM., e HanpaBeHa OTb CnvtpallHO YBHTb TeJlb , a
CM. , vtMa MacvtBHO Koneno . Ha gecHaTa pi'!'.Ka Ha Ci'!'.W,vt51 cKeneTh ce Ha-
Koneno (gvtaMeTbpb 63 eM.). Bh TpeTvt
Mvtpawe 3aTBopeHa rpvtBH51 OTb 3eneHo CTbKJlO Cb nnocKo
rpo6b ce HaM-tpl-1 o6t.u.a OTb HeYvtCTO cpe6po Bb cpopMa Ha OTBopeHa

Cb YeTBbpTvtTa y~<paca Ha He51 (o6p.
23
TOBa
KbCHvt rpo6a, sct.KI-1 OTb KOvtTO Cbgbp-
>t<awe
MeThpb
6poH30Ba
MM ) , 110 K051TO HY1W,O He Ce n03HaBa.
MM .) Cb llJlOCKO JlvtU.e,
94).
xanKa
(gvtaMeThpb
25
MM).
Bb yeTBbpTvt rpo6b ce HaMt.pvt 6pOH30Bb npbCTeHb (Avta-
Ha KOeTO Ci'!'.
rpaBvtpaHvt
llpOCTVI
JlvtHeHHVI
OpHaMeHTVI
(o6p.
95).
Ha!::i-nocn~ Bb eAvtHb OTb rpo6oBeT-t ce yKa3a 6poH30Ba OKaYanKa 3a KaHgvtno
Cb Tpvt KyKvt, gbJlra 113U.~J10

KbMh
He npvtHagne>t<H
npvt pa3KOnKaTa ce
15
CM.
( o6p.
96).
norpe6eHvteTo, a ce
Bt.p051THO e, Ye Ta3H OK a YaJlKa
e HaMvtpana Bb OKOJlHaTa 3eM51
e BMbKHana Bb npbCTbTa Ha rpo6a . CaMo Bb egi-1Hb OTb
rpo6oser~ ce HaMi:.pvt e,[l,Ha TBbpA~ MHOrO 113TpvtTa BH3aHTHHCKa
HeTa
(AvtaMeTbpb
(1222 - 1235
vt
22
MM .),
KaKTO
rog.). Bb oCTaHaJlvtrt.
113rJle>t<ga
cegeMb
OTb
rpo6a
6pOH30Ba MO-
f\HgpOHvtKa
I<OMHeHb
He ce yKa3axa
HHKaKBH OT-
gt.nHvt np~gMeTI-1.
57.
lpo6 h , OTKpHTb Ha
U.bpt-:BaTa, Ha gbJ1604vtHa
15
16. VIII. 910
rag.
CM . nogb HHBOTO
Bb3paCTeHb YoBi:.Kb, norpe6aHh Cb rnaBaTa
0 6 p. 96. _
6po H3osa na3eHvt , o6aYe
cnt.gvt
HaM'bpvtx a ce
17
He 6t.xa 3aKyxvt
10f0-Y13T04HVI51 J!'. fbJlb Ha
Ha nnow,aga. B h rpo6a ce yKa3a cKeneTb Ha
Ha 3ana,[l,b . Orb gpexvtTt.
npvt
Ton -
06p. 97. - .. Cpe6bpeHb npbcTe Hb

oTb rpo6a 57 (eCT. ron.).
ot<aYant<a OTb Cs. Co- YeCTVI 6pOH30B VI KOI14eTa (gHaMeTbpb OKOJlO

<j>Hil { 1 ~ CCT r on .).
1 CM.) Ch ManKH xanYvtLJ.vt. Ha AecHaTa pi'!'.Ka Ha
CKeneTa Ce HaMi:.pvt npbCTeHb OTb He YvtCTO
cp e6po Cb ,[l,vtaMeTbpb
npbcTeHa e rpaBvtpaHb CbBCi:.Mb rpy6o gsyrnaBh openb (o6p .
4vtHa
58. lpo6h, OTKpHTh Ha 14. VIII. 910

20 eM. nogb HvtBOTO Ha nnow,aga . Bh
22
MM. Bbpxy Kpi'!'.rllOTO JlHU.e Ha
97).
rog. npvt JOrO-H3T04H vt 51 i'!'.rhnb Ha U.bpKBaTa, Ha AbJ16orpo6a ce yKa3a eAvtHh CKeneTb Ha Bb3pacTeHb YOBi:.Kb,
norpe6aHb Cb rnasaTa Ha 3ana,[J,h. Ha nt.BaTa pi'!'.Ka Ha CKenera ce HaMHpawe OTBopeHa 6poH30Ba

rpvtBH51 Cb AvtaMeThpb
55
CM ., YHeTO nno cKo Konen o e yKpaceHo Ch rpy6vt yp-53vt. CntgH OTb KOB-
Yerh He MO>t<axa ga ce KOHCTaTvtpaTb .
96
HeKpononbTb Ha ubpKsara Cs. Co<jmSI
4. OrntnHI-1 nptnMeTI-1
Ocsi:;Hb npi:;AMenni:;, HaMi:;peHI1 Bb pa3HI1Ti:; 1po6HI1U,H 11 1po6ose, np11 pa3f<Onf<I1Ti:; Ha HeKponona ce HaMi:;p11xa 11 APYII1 , KOI1TO 111111
WI1HCTBOTO e
nosi:;p05lTHO -
cny'-lai:!Ho
np0113XO<AaTb
CJK 6111111
OTb
1131y6eH1-1
pa3pyweHI1
TYKb,
f<OeTO 3a 6on-
111111 -
no-paHo 1po6ose.
ETO
3aw,o
Ti:;311
npi:;AMeTI1 CJKW,O He CJK 6e3b 3Ha'-!eHHe 3a CaMI15l HeKpOnOJlb.

MoHeTI1
no f<OJ111'-IeCTBO nbpBO Mi:;CTO 3aeMaTb MOHeTI1Ti:;, OTb f<OI1TO 6i:;xa HaMi:;peHYt BCI1'-If<O
(68
3eMn!151pa. nose'-leTO OTb Ti:;Xb
eK3eMn!15lpa) Ci'r' Ma!1f<l1 6pOH30~ MOHeTH (A11aMeTbpb
OTb '-leTBbpT115l, OT'-!aCTI1 OTb TpeTI15l si:;Kb en. Xp.
OTb
83
14-18
ef<MM.)
HaHHI1tf<a 3a spi:;MeTO c11 CTOHHOCTb . Ti:; ce
cpi:;w,axa Hasci:;KJKAi:; 11 3b npbCTbTa OTBbHb 11 BlKTpi:; Bb UbpKBaTa 11 TO Kaf<TO Bb HaH-10pH11Ti:; nnaC-
TOBe, TaKa 11 Ha Ab!160'-!11Ha AO
M. no BCI1'-IKO !111'-leWe, '-le Ti:; CJK 6111111
npi:;o_6pbW,aH11 3aeAHO Cb
npbCTbTa, nO K05lTO np11411Ha 113!111WHO w,e 6JKAe Aa OT6i:;ni:;3BaMe TO'-IHOTO Mi:;CTOHaXO>KAeHYte Ha BCi:;Ka
Ma!1KH MOHeTI1 ( 40 eK3eM n!15l pa) CJK TOJ1 f<03b Yt3Tp11TI1,
eAHa OTb Ti:;Xb . no-roni:;M aT a '-laCTb OTb Ti:;311
Ai:;To He e Bb3MO>KHO Aa Ce onpi:;Ai:;!111 TO'-!HO, Bb spi:;MeTO

np11 see TOBa no Tl1nb, Ae6e!111Ha 11 APYII1
xapaKTepH11
Ha
KOH
6i:;ni:;311
11MnepaTOpb CJK
6111111 ci:; '-! eHI1.
MO<e Aa ce Ka>Ke Cb nOJ10>1<11TeJl -
HOCTb 11 3a Ti:;Xb, '-le Ti:; np11HaA!1e>KaTb Ci'r'W,O Ha '-leTBbpT115l Bi:;f<b, Cb 113KJ110'-!eHI1e CaMO
28
K05lTO 113rne<Aa Aa 6JKAe ow,e OTb TpeTI151 BEKb. 0cTaHa!111TE
eK3eMn!151pa ce
Ha
eAHa,
pa3npi:;Ai:;!15lTb
no
11MnepaTOp11 f<af<TO C!1EABa:

KnaBAI1
II (268-270
K o H c T a H u, 11
n 11 U,l1 H 11
(308-324
eK3eMn!151pb (Cohen
(293-306
1
roA.) :
K o H c T a H T 11 H b Ben 11 K 11
KoHCTaHTI1Hb
roA.) :
Xnopb
roA.) :
eK3eMn!15lpb (Cohen
(306-337
II (337-340
lOA.):
lOA.) :
IV 134, 41).
VII 72, 158).
eK3eMn!15lpb (Cohen
VII 199, 107.)
nowo 3ana3eHI1 eK3eMn!151pa.
VII 337, 114,
eK3eMn!151pa (eAI1H115lTb Cohen
a APY-
ri1Tt ABa JlOWO 3ana3eHH).

KoHcTaHCb
(337-350
KoHCTaHU,11
II (337-361
rOA.):
lOA.) :
eK3eMn!15lpb (Cohen
eK3eMn!15lpa
VII 431 , 176).
(Cohen
VII 446, 44 ; 447, 45; (755, 104
11
eA11Hb nowo 3ana3eHb).
10 n 11 a Hb II (361-363
B a 11 e H T 11 H 11 a H b
lOA.) :
I (364-375
eK3eMnn5lpa (11 ABaTa Cohen

roA.) :
VIII 62, 151).

VIII 92, 37,
eK3eMn!15lpa (eAI1HI15lTb Cohen
a APY1115lTb
nowo 3ana3eHb).
B a 11 e H c b
(364 - 378
BaneHT11HI1aHb
Teo A o c 11
f\pKaAI1
roA.):
cna6o 3ana3eHI1 eK3eMn!15lpa.
II (375-392
I (379-395
(395-408
lOA.):
lOA.) :
lOA.) :
eK3eMnn5lpa
(eA11HI15lTb Cohen
eK3eMnn 5l pa (Cohen
VIII 159, 41 ; 162, 65
eK3eMnn 5l pa (ABaTa Sabatier
Vlll143, 30).
11 ABa nowo 3ana3eH11).
I 106, 41,
a APYI11T-E ABa nowo
3ana3eH11.)
Bb cpasHeHI1e Cb MoHeT11T-E OTb '-! eTBbpT115l BEKb, nO-KbCHI1 MOHeTI1 ce HaM-Ep11xa Heo611KHOseHo Ma!1f<O, a 11MeHHO
6bnrapCKa,
16
eK3eMn!15lpa, BCI1 '-I f<H
6pOH30BI1,
OTb
f<011TO
Bl13aHTI1HCf<l1,
si:;p05lTHO
8 TypcKI1 11 4 CbBCi:;Mb pa3saneHY1. 0Tb Bl13aHTI1HCf<11TE MOHeTI1 eAHaTa (A11aMeTbpb 15
MM.), K05lTO e CbBCEMb 113Tp11Ta , 61; HaMi:;peHa Bb npbCTbTa Ha c-EBepb OTb u,bpKBaTa. ,Upy111Ti:; AB-E
(A11aMeTbpb
TeoAopa
29
11
(1 055-6
30
MM.) CJK eAHaKBH, OTb J1BaHa lJ,11MI1CXI1
lOA.). <eHaTa Ha KoH c TaHTI1Ha
') Yl nsi;ri; MOHeni c~ OTbTHna Sabat i er II 143 .

9, Ko iho ce npHnHcsa Ha HsaHa UHMHCXH. Wroth (Catal.
of the imperial by zantin coins in the Br it. Mus., London
Vlll.
1
)
(969-976
lOA.) HJ1H OTb HMnepaTp11u,a
EAHaTa OTb TEXb 6-E HaMi:;peHa Bb Hac11na Ha
19J8, II 507 11 ra6n . LX 6) omasa

Teonopa .
c~ WHSI
T03H THnb Ha
97
anCVIAaTa, Ha AbJlOOLJVIHa 2 M., a Apyrara CbBCtMb Ha
nJlVITKO Bb ctsepHOTO CTpaHVILJHO OTAtJ1eHVIe
Ha nptMBepVIeTO, HaAb CBOAa Ha rpo6HVILJ,ara XXVI.

Orb rypcKVITt MOHeTVI
6txa HaMtpeHVI
Bb npbCTbTa
ntBVI51 CTpaHVILJeHb Kopa6b VI eAHa Bb KbCHVI51 HaCVInb Ha

Ha 6bnrapcKa, ce HaMtpVI
Bb ctsepHOTO
CTpaHVILJHO
nptAABepVIeTO,
OTAtneHVIe Ha
Ha ctsepb OTb Ll,bpKBara, eAHa Bb
nptMBepVIero. MoHerara, K051TO npVI!lVILJa
Ha ctsepb orb rpo6HVILJ,ara XXVI.

n p t A M e T VI
T
0 Tb
a J1 b
K a M b K b,
Me -
VI A p.
. _,
1. Ha 13. VIII. 910 roA. ce O.J_KpVI,

55 CM. Ha VI3TOKb OTb rpo6HVILJ,ara XXXIII
VI 70 CM. nOAb HVIBOTO Ha, nnOl..LI,aAa, eAHa
'<aMeHHa
nnol..LI,aAKa, Abnra
255
VI WVIpoKa
240 M., HanpaBeHa OTb rontMH AtnaHVI

6noKoBe
(rn.
nnaHa Ha ra6n. IX npVI S).
npVI o6pbl..LI,aHero Ha OJlOKOBert ce yKa3a,

Ye
Me>KAY
pVIMCKVI
rlXb
6t
HaArpo6eHb
BrpaAeHb
VI
eAVIHb
naMeTHVIKb,
nOCTa-
BeHb Cb HaAnVICa HaAOJlt {96p.
98).
na-
MeTHVIKbTb, AOJ1H51Ta LJaCrb Ha KOHTO nVIncsa, e BVICOKb Cera 1"31, WVIpOKb

Ae6enb
080 VI
029 M. Ha ropHVISI CVI KpaH roH
3aBbpWBa Cb nonyKp~rbJlb cppOHTOHb Bbp

xy rpVIAtneHb apxVIrpaBb, KOHTO ce KptnVI
BbpXy
ABt
KOpVIHTCKVI
KOJlOHVI Cb CVIJlHO
3aocrpeHVI aKaHTOBVI JlVICTa Bb KanVIrenVIrt.

OrcrpaHVI Ha cppoHTOHa ce
HaMVIparb ABa
aKporepa, yKpaceHVI Cb rpVI!lVICTHVI nanMerKVI, a Bb nonero MY c~

Bert Ha eAVIHb
Me}f{AY
KOVITO
M~}f{b
Ce
VI3Ba51HVI 6tOcro-
VI
Ha
VI3AVIra
eAHa }f{eHa,
WVIpOKOJlVICTHO
AbpBO Cb KpVIBO CTbOJlO (CMOKVIH51

HaTOTO
none Ha
HaAnVICa
?).
BA!1~6-
Me}f{AY
HVITt e o6rpaAeHo Cb npocpVInyBaHa
06p. 98. -
PHMCI<H Hanrpo6eHb naMeTHHI<b OTb Cs. CocjJHSI.
KOJlOpaMKa.
HaAb HaAnVIca, OrYacm
BeHb KOHHVIKb HaAeCHo. ToH e o6ntLJeHb cb K~ca Apexa

3aAb Hero. Ha rnasara CVI
Vl3rne}f{Aa Aa
VIMa
VI
ocrpOAbHHa
Bbpxy paMKara,
MaHTVI51
wanKa.
(xnaMVIAa),
e nptACTa-
K051TO ce pa3BtBa
Bb AVIrHarara
CVI AeCHa
pa3Maxsa KaMWVIKb, a Cb ntsara Abp}f{VI 103Aara Ha KOH51. (aMVI51Tb HaAnVICb rnacVI:
DM
D(is) M(anibus).
M A VRELIVSTE
M(arcus) f\urelius Te-
RES VETERANVS
res veteranus
EXALA PRIMA - AS
ex ala
5 TRORVM NATIO
NE BESSVS MILl
NIS
Cs. Co<j>H
XXVIII
prima
f\s-
5 trorum, natione Bessus, mili[tavit an]nis XXVIII
13
p~Ka
Het<pononbTb Ha ubpt<BaTa Cs. Cocjm~t
98
K.aKro ce BI-1<Aa OTb T03J.1 HaAni-1Cb, naMeTHJ.1KbTb e 61-1nb nocraseHb
H-EKofi c~--1 MapKb
Ha
f\spen~--1 Tepecb, no pO<AeHJ.1e rpaKI-1eLJ,b OTb
nneMero 6ec1-1. V1Mero Tepecb e rpaKJ.1HCKO

1
s-EcrHo, OCB-EHb OTb H-EKOI-1 HaAnl-1CJ.1, ) 1-1 KaTO !-1Me Ha H-EKOnKO rpaKJ.1HCKJ.1 BnaA-ETen!-1.
f\spen1-1 Tepecb e cny<Hnb 28
rOAHHI-1
Karo sof1Hl-1Kb
Bb eAHO
KaBanepHfiCKO
1-1 e 1-13-
OTA-EneHHe
(ala), YHero HMe Bb HaAnl-1ca norp-EwHo e Han!-1caHo f\strorum (raKOBa nneMe He e J.13B-EcrHo) BM-Ecro f\sturum. Ta3!-1
ana e np1-1HaAne<ana Bb HaYanoro Ha
nbpBoro cron-Er1-1e
KbMb rapH1-130Ha Ha AOnH51 Ml-131-151 , a ornocnt, e 61-1na s-Epo51THO np-EM-EcreHa Bb )J,aK!-151, ~) A-Ero
Ka panb CB051Ta cny<6a
HaAb
HaAnHca
rp-E6sa Aa e np-E-
J.1 Ha Wl-151Tb BeTepaHb. K.OHHI-1KbTb
!-13o6pa351Ba
s-Epo51THO
caM!-151
06aYe 610CTOBen Bb cppOHTOHa H-EMaTb Hl-1W,O
Tepecb.
o6w,o Cb
HaAnHca 1-1 r-E elf.. nocraBeHI-1 raMb npocro Karo AeKopau,!-151.

no cpOpMaTa Ha 6yKBJ.1Tt, J.1 nO CT!-1na Ha pen1-1ecp1-1Tt, T031-1
naMeTHI-1Kb w,e rp-E6sa Aa ce AaT1-1pa Bb Kpa51 Ha BTOp!-151
s-EKn en. Xp.
3a KaKBO e 61-1na np-EAHa3HaYeHa nnow.aAKara, Bb
K051TO e 61-1nb srpaAeHb Karo crpo1-1reneHb
MeTHI-1KbTb Ha f\spen1-1 Tepecb,
Mp~tMOpHa nnoYa Cb HannHCb
06p. 99. -
HaM-Ep1-1Xa
He MO<e Aa ce Ka<e Cb
nono<HrenHOCTb. T51 np1-1n1-1Ya TBbpAt, MHoro Ha cpyHAaMeHTb
oTb CEJ. CoH~t.
3a H-EKaKbBb no-ron-EMb naMeTH!-1Kb 1-1n1-1
Ha BC-EK!-1 cnyya~ T51 e 61-1na npaBeHa
Marep1-1anb na-
He
no-paHO
OTb
YeTBbpT!-151 B-EKb,
TbH
3a capKocparb.
KaTO nOAb
He51
Ce
ManK!-1 6pOH30Bl-1 MOHeTI-1 OTb TOBa Bp-EMe, CbBbpWeHO l-13Tp1-1TJ.1.
2. )J,st, yacr~--1 OTb crpoweHa nnoYa orb 6-Enb eAp03bpHeCTb Mp51MOpb, HaM-EpeHI-1 Ha 30. VII.
910 rOA. Bb npbCTbTa Ha cl;sepHOTO CTpaHI-14HO OTA-EneHHe Ha np-EA.ABep!-1eTO (o6p. 99). nnoYaTa,
41-151TO AeCHa nonOBI-1Ha e OTYyneHa, e BJ.1COKa 22, W1-1pOKa 20 1-1
n.e6ena OKono
3ana3eHJ.1
4 CM. TSI HOCI-1 rpbU,Kl-1 HaAnHCb, OTb KOHTO Clf..
caMo
6yKB!-1T-E
ME. . .
NONN . . .
t:.IACON . . . Bt,-
p051THO 1-1 Ta3!-1 nnoYa e cny<Hna 3a HaArpo6eHb KaMbKb .
3. ct:>parMeHTb OTb nnoYa OTb BapOBHI-1Kb, Bl-1COKb 45,

W1-1pOKb 115, Ae6enb 5 CM., HaM-EpeHb Ha 9. VIII. 910 rDA. Bb
anCHAaTa Ha U,bpKBaTa, CbBC-EMb nnl-1TKO HaAb rpo6Hl-1LJ,aTa I.
Bbpxy cpparMeHra CJK ce 3ana3!-1nl-1
Yer1-1p1-1
6yKBI-1
OTb
06p . 100. - Cpe6bpeHb npbcTeHb

OTb Cs. Co<PH~t (eCT. ron .).
rpbli,KI-1
HaAnl-1Cb ... H0EN ...
4. Cpe6bpeHb npbcTeHb (AHaMerbpb 22 MM.), yKpaceHb
OTropt, Cb KaMbKb OTb npo3pa4HO CTbKnO, XBaHaTb Cb YeT!-1p1-1 nnaCTI-1HKI-1 (o6p.
100).
npbCTeHa
1-13pa6oreHa
HaoKono ManK!-1 ronYera. U-Enara yKpaca Ha

OTA-EnHo
1-1
nocnt, 3an-EneHa Bbpxy
o61-1KHOBeHa nnocKa xanKa. HaM-EpeHb Ha
2. IX. 910 roA. np-EAb
06p. 101. - 6pOH30 Bb npbCTeHb OTb

Cs. Co1151 (eCT. ron.).
rnaBHaTa spara Ha Cs. Cocpl-151, Me<AY 31-1AOBer-E.
5. Cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb (A1-1aMeTbpb 21 MM .) Cb KpJKrno nnocKo n1-1u,e, Bbpxy Koero elf.. rpaB1-1paHJ.1
Berl
npocr~--1
44-56,
opHaMeHTI-1.
J.13b
eA!-1Hb
HaM-EpeHb Ha
OTb KOI-1TO
13. VIII. 910 roA. Ha c-Esepb OTb u,bpKBaTa
MO<e
61-1
1) To ce cpi;wa 5 n/i\TH Bb roni;MH5t HannHCb OTb

'-lat<apnapb - Pizos : Kalinka, F\ntike D enkmale r in
Bulgarien n . 34. ln. ocsi;Hb TOBa K a I ink a n. 161 OTb
CT.-3aropa H n. 214 OTb PHna; DumontHomolle, M elanges d'archeologie crp. 353 n. 61" OTb Cr.-3aropa; 1--13-
J.1
np~--1 rpo6o-
np01-13XO<Aa.
si;crH5t Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npy<. II. 1911 , 270 OTb KyHHHO
(BpaTYaHCKO).
~) lll. 6 . CIJHilOBb, noMOWHHTi; BOHCKH Ha pHMCKaTa
npOBHHUHS! MH3H5t, Bb Y13si;cTH5t Ha HCTOp . npy<. II, 1906.
21
CJT.
99
M aTepHa Jlb H cpop Ma Ha ca pKocpa 3m -t
6. Cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb (A11aMerbpb 20 MM.) Cb !<p..rno nnoc1<o nm.1,e 6e3b H11Kat<BI1 opHa12. VIII. 910 ro,IJ.. Ha c..w,oro M-Bcro.
MeHTI1. HaM-BpeHb Ha
7. 6pOH30Bb npbCTeHb (A11aMeTbpb 23 MM.) Cb t<p..rnO nllOCI<O Jl11L.J,e , 13bpXy KOeTO e rpaBI1paHa nr11u.a (openb?); HaoKono Kp..rb OTb TOYKI1 (o6p . 101). HaM-BpeHb Ha 7. VIII. 910 ro,IJ. . 6n1130
np11 rpo6HI1L.J,aTa XXVIII.
8. LJer11p11 Cpe6bpH11 11 ,IJ.Bt, 6pOH30BI1 XaJ11<11 Cb ,IJ.I1aMeTbpb 12-28 MM., st.postTHO npbCTeHI1.
HaM-BpeHI1
BCI1YKI1
113b
npbCTbTa
Ha
ct.sepb
orb
Cs.
Co11st .
9. OrsopeHa xanKa (A11aMeTbpb 33 MM.) OTb TbHKa 6poH30Ba

12. VIII. 910 roA.
reHeK11st Cb ManKo H<en-B3HO rso3Aei1Ye. HaM-BpeHa Ha

Ha C..W,OTO Mt.CTO.
10. 6pOH30Ba nnaCTI1HKa-anJ111Kal.I,I1SI , ,IJ.bJlra 33 MM., HaMt.peHa

Ha 31. VII. 910 ro,IJ.. Bb Hac11na no cpt.,IJ.ara Ha ct.sepHoTo crpaHI1YHO
OT,IJ.-BlleHI1e Ha npt.A,IJ.sep11eTO.
11. 6pOH30Ba 1<pbCTOBI1,IJ.Ha 116yna, ,IJ.bllra 10 CM., CYyneHa

11 6e3b 11rna, orropt, Cb pt.3aHI1 OpHaMeHT11; 0611KHOBeHa l<bCHOp11MCt<a
opMa OTb Ill 11n11 HaYanoro Ha IV s-B!<b. HaM-BpeHa Ha 11. VIII.
910 ro,IJ.. Ha c-Bsepb OTb U.bpKsara np11 rpo6a 46.
12. 4eT11p11 6pOH30BI1 TOnYeCTI1 I<OnYeTa OTb pa3Ha ron-BMI1Ha
(A11aMeTbpb oKono 10, 12, 14 11 16 MM.), HaM-BpeHI1 Ha 13. VIII. 910 ron.
Ha ct.sepb OTb l.l,bpKBaTa np11 rpo6osert, 44-56, OTb 1<01110 st.po st THO
11 n p0113XOH<,IJ.aTb.
13. 6pOH30Ba OKaYanKa 3a KaHAI1llO Cb rp11 KYKI1, Abllra

BCI1YKO 14 CM. , no,IJ.o6Ha HC! ra311 Bb o6p . 96. HaM-BpeHa Ha 12. VIII.
910 ro,IJ.. Ha c.. w,oro M-Bcro.
14. 6pOH30BO W11WeHL.J,e, BI1COI<O 7'5 CM., ropH11SITb Kpafi Ha
ycrara MY OTYyneHb. HaM-BpeHo Ha 6. X. 910 ro,IJ.. Bb KbCHI1st Hacl1nb
Ha npt.A,IJ.sep11eTO, Ha ,IJ.bll60YI1Ha OI<OJlO 50 CM.
15. VIrna 3a Koca OTb cnoHosa I<OCTb, yKpaceHa Ha Bbpxa
06p. 102. - CTbKneHH Ua OTb CB.
79 CM. HaM-BpeHa Ha
CocpHSI (1/ 3 ecr. r on .).
12. VIII. 910 ro,IJ.. Ha ct.sepb OTb U.bpKsara, Ha Abll60YI1Ha 150 M.
16. H-B!<OllKO napyera OTb crap11 l<bCHOp11MCKI1 crpoweHI1 CTbKJleHI1 C..AOBe, HaM-BpeHI1 naKb
TaMb . EA11Hb OTb C..,IJ.OBerl, Bb <f:>opMa Ha pOrb, MOH<a ,IJ.a ce Bb3CTaHOBI1 nOYTI1 L.J,t.Jlb (o6p . 102).
17. )].st. rpy611 rni1HeHI1 rbpHera, OTb KOI1TO e,IJ.HOTO (s11co1<o 15 CM.) e 11Mano APbH<Ka (cera
orYyneHa), a Apyroro (s11cot<o 11 CM.), OTYaCTI1 cYyneHo, e 6e3b APbH<Ka. HaM-BpeHI1 naKb raMb.
Cb TOnKa , ocrp11stTb H Kpa i1 orYyneHb ; Abllra
5. 06wb xapaKrepb H nara Ha HeKponona

Bb HeKponona Ha Cs . Co11st HaM11paMe rp11 BI1Aa norpe6eHI1SI : KaMeHHI1 capKo<f:>a311, rpa,IJ.eHI1
rpo6HI1L.1,11
11 o611KHOBeHI1
rpo6ose.
Bcbi<a
e,IJ.Ha
OTb
n311 rpynl1
11Ma
CBOI1T-B oco6HOCTI1,
1<011TO
3aCJlyH<aBaTb ,IJ.a Ce 113Tbi<HaTb, np11 KOeTO w,e MOH<eMb ,IJ.a onp1;,IJ.t,Jli1Mb nO-TOYHO, Bb CBpb3Ka Cb
Apyri1Tt, HaXO,IJ.I<I1 OTb HeKpOnOJla,spt.MeTO, Ha KOeTO Tt. np11Ha,IJ.JleH<aTb.
K.aMeHHI1Tt, CapKo<f:>a311 , 1<011TO 11MaTb BCe C..W,aTa npt.ACTaBeHa Yp-B3b 06p.
ce OTlli1YaBaTb no csostra CbBbpweHo
npocra
Hanpasa.
H111<a1<BI1
oco6HI1 yKpaweHI1SI no r-Bxb He
HaM11paMe. BnpoYeMb 11 caMI1SITb Marep11allb, OTb KOHTO rt. C.. o611KHOBeHo

rpowni1Bb nt.cbYHI1Kb -
52 11 54 <f:>opMa ,
113A-BnaHI1 -
rpy6b 11
He e ce no,IJ.AaBallb Ha no-Aeni1KaTHa 113pa6or1<a. CaMo Bb opMara Ha no-
xnynaL.J,I1T-B, OC06HO Bb aKpOTep11Tt, Ha YeT11p11Tt, ..rna , HaM11paMe OW,e OCTaTbl.l,l1 OTb apX11TeKTOHCKaTa opMa 11 6orarara opHaMeHTI1Ka Ha aHTI1YHI1T-B capKo<f:>a311.
CllyYaSI 411CTO Mt.CTeHb xapaKTepb, TbH
!<aTO Ha Apyrl1
M-BCTa
Ta311
ront.Ma
npocrora
CTapoxpHCTI1SIHCI<I1Tt,
6oraTCTBO Ha <f:>opM11 11 OpHat-leHTI1Ka He OTCT..nBaTb Bb HI1W,O Ha aHTHYHI1Tt..
HOCI1 Bb
capKo<f:>a311 no
100
HeKpononbTb Ha UbpK Bina Cs . C o c!m~
Orb onHeaHHTt, nOAb N<.2 2 11 3 eap1<ocpa311 ee
BH<Aa , 'le, KOraro He e
11Ma11o AOeraTbYHO
ro11i;Mb 6110Kb, OT"h KOHTO Aa ee 113At.11a u,i;1111S!Tb eapKOcparb, T0311 nOe11t.AH11S!Tb e 61111b npaBeHb OTb
OTAt.11HH ro11t.M11
n110YH,
Karo My ee e npHA:'IBa11a naKb e.:~<-w,ara opMa eb erpt.xOBHAeHb nox11y-
naKb. no T0311 HaYHHb ee e noer11ra11a npH611H3HTe11HO e.:~<-w,ara u,t11b eb MHoro no-Ma11KH ept.Aersa.
Tosa Ht.w,o e.:~<-w,o e xapaKrepHo 3a eKpOMHHTt npereHLI,HH Ha rorasawHHTt eocpHI:ieKH >t<11re1111 .
0THOeHTe11HO AaTaTa Ha eap!<Ocpa311Ti; He MO>t<e Aa
HaMi;peHIHt, 3aeera eK3eMn11S!p11, I<OHTO
e.:~<-
np11 TOBa
ee Ka>t<e Hi;W,O n0110>t<I1Te11HO, noHe>t<e
0111111 OTBapS!H11
AOeTaTb4HO xapaKrepH11 Bb TOBa OTHOWeHI1e npi;AMeTH.
Bee
11 no-paHO, He ebAbp>t<aTb
naKb eb ro11t.Ma
si;pOS!THOeTb MO>f<e
Aa ee np11eMe, Ye rt. sei1YKI1 np0113XO<AaTb orb KDaS! Ha Ill 11 orb IV st.Kb 11 Ye e11t.AOBaTe11HO 113BbpweHI1rt, Bb rt.xb norpe6eHI1S! e.:~<- xpHeTI1S!HeKH . 3a
no-KbeHo
spt.Me, OTb IV st.Kb HararbKb, He
HaMHpaMe AOeera HHKaKBI1 yKa3aHI1S!.

tpaAeHI1Tt, rp06HI1LI,I1 e.:~<- OTb ABa B11Aa : eAHIHt,, KOI1TO o3Ha4aBaMe KaTO n110e1<11 rpo6H11LI,11,
e.:~<- 3arsopeHI1 orropi; eb ro11t.M11
KaMeHHH
n110YH 111111 eb Ae6e1111 ryx1111 , a Apyr11rt.,
o6HKHOBeHo
no-ro11t.M11, e~ 3aeBOAeHI1. nbpBHTi; OTb Tt.Xb npi:,AeTaBS!Tb npaBO.:Kfb11H11 KOB4e311, Ab11fl1 OTb eA11Hb
AO ABa Merpa, W11p0KI1 OTb
0"36-1"65
411HaTa 11Mb, Th He e.:~<- npaBeHI1 , 3a Aa ee B11113a

(VI, VII 11 XXX) e.:~<- eHa6AeHI1 eb spar11, K011TO e.:~<npt.3b rt.xb rpynoseri; Ha MbpTBHrt.
Q4Q-1 55
M. f<aKTO ee B11>t<Aa OTb Ab1100-
Bb rt.Xb. np11 Bee
TOBa HtKOI1 OTb no-ro11i:,MI1Tt,
M. 11 Ab1100KI1 OTb
np11
e11y>t<111111 , KaKro
no-KbeHI1
113rne<Aa, 3a
Aa ee BMbKBaTb
norpe6eHI1S! , 6e3b Aa ee A11rarb re>t<K11Tt, Ka -
MeHH11 n11o411 orb rpo6HI1LI,Hrt.. C11t.nosare11Ho 11 rt.311 rpo6HI1LI,11 rpt.6sa Aa ee e411rarb 3a cpaMH11HI1,
KOeTO Hi;w,o ee nOTBbp>t<AaBa 11 OTb OOeTOS!Te11eTBOTO, Ye Bb ri;xb ee HaM11paxa 0611KHOBeHO ABa 11
noseYe e1<e11era.
CBOAeer11rt. rpo6H11LI,I1 np111111YaTb Ha Ma11KI1 erai1YKI1 , 3aeBOAeHI1 noYTI1 BI1Harl1 eb o6HKHOBeHb
UH11HHAPHYeeKI1 eBOAb (113K1110YeH11e npas11 eaMo
2-4
AbnrH orb
M. 11 w11p01<11 orb
150-3
M.
rpo6H11u,ara
Tt.xHara
XXVIII , KOS!TO
o6111<HOBC:Ha
TbH Ye YOBt.Kb MO<e eso60AHO Aa ee 113npas11 Bb rt.xb. CaMo

o1<0110
150
M, a ept.w,a ee Karo 113K1110YeHI1e Aa<e
Bl1eOYI1Ha A"XTHra OK0110
Bb
118
Bl1eOYHHa
11Ma t<pberarb eBOAb),
pt.AK11 e11 y 4a11 Bl1eOYI1Hara e

11
1"06
M.
(rpo6HI1UH XVIII 11
XXIII). CsoAeer11rt. rpo6H11u,11 11Marb BHHarl1 spara, KOS!TO Bb noseyero e11yYa11 e T011K03b Hl1eKa
-60
eM.), Ye YOBt.Kb eaMO 11a311WKOMb MO>t<e Aa
MI1He npi;3b HeS!.
s11e0K11 spar11, npt.3b K011TO eso6oAHO ee MHHasa
3-4
(rpo6HI1U,11
rpaAeHI1 er.:~<-na11a (X 11 XXVI) . Bpar11rt. o611KHOBeHo
M.,
(50
noHt.Kora HaMHpaMe o6aye 11
IV, X 11 XXVI) , npt.AweersysaHI1 orb
e.:~<- e.:~<-w,o 3aeBOAeH11 , o6aYe ept.w,arb ee
11 ra1<11Ba (rpo6H11LI,H VII , XVI 11 XXI), 1<011ro 3aBbpwsarb orropt, eb xop1130HTa11eHb KaMeHeHb nparb .
np11 Op11eHT11paHeTO Ha rpo6HI1l.I,11Tt,, Kai<TO Ha n110e1<11Tt, TaKa 11 Ha eBOAeeTI1Tt,, He e ena3BaHO HHKaKBO npaBI1110. ,J ;t, e~ 6111111 nOCTaBS!HI1 Bb Bel141<11 Bb3MO>t<HI1 HanpaB11eHHS!, si;pOS!THO enopeAb
rosa, KaKro e no3B011S!Ba11o Mt.eroro. Bb erpo11re11H11S1 Marep11a11b Ha ABara BHAa rpo6H11u,11 He MO<e
Aa ee KOHerar11pa Ht.KaKBO pa311114He.
ryx1111 11 xopoeaHb . CaMo
Bb
VI eAH11Tt, 11 ApyrHrt,
rpo6H11u,ara
XXVIII
e.:~<-
e.:~<-
rpaAeH11
ynorpt.6eHH
Orb
ro11t.M11
YeTBbpTHTI1
Bb ertH11rt. oryaer11 11 KaMbHH.
06aye TYX1111Ti; no r011t.M11Ha 11 xopoeaHbTb no ebeTaBb He e .:~<- BI1Har11 eAHaKBI1. np11 113Mt.pBaHeTO
101.
32-33
Ha Ht.Kol1 orb ryx1111rt. ee no11y411xa pe3y11rannt., npt.AeTaBeHI1 Bb ra61111u,ara Ha erp.

f<aKTO ee B11>t<Aa OTb Ta311 ra61111LI,a, HaH-Yeero ee epi;w,aTb TYX1111 eb erpaHa
6e1111
4-5
eM. lo11t.M11rt. ryx1111 eb erpaHa noseYe orb
40
eM . e .:~<- 6111111 ynorpt.6S!BaHI1 eaMo 3a no -
Kp11Bb Ha n11oe1<11Tt, rpo6H11u,11. Ha eAHara e11 erpaHa , KOS!TO e
3arnaAeHa,
ryx1111rt.
11Marb o611KHO -
BeHHTt ABt, 111111 rp11 1111H1111, rer11eHI1 nO A11arOHa11a eb npbCTb npi;AH 113nl14aHeTO 11Mb.
TI1S! 1111HI111 e.:~<- 111B11TI1 Bb BHAb Ha Kp.:~<-rb
4-6
ni;ebKb. Tol:i
e HaHaeS! Hb BI1HarH
eM.
noAbTb Ha rpo6H11LI,Hrt. e noer11aHb noHt.Kora

noHt.Kora
noHi;Kora
111111 3Hr3arb . XopoeaHbTb e npHMt.eeHb o611KHOBeHo eb
YyKaHH KepaMHAH, o6aYe epi;w,a ee 11 TaKbBb eaMO OTb Bapb 11

Bb Ae6e1111 n11aerose,
eM., Ae -
noeHnaHb eaMo eb
nt.ebKb.
n11aerb orb Bapb, nt.ebKb 11 Kb114Hw,a.
eb ryx1111
Crt.H11rt. o6HKHOBeHo
B Mtero
Kb114HW.a
Bb
111111 eb
ors.:~<-rpt,
n11aerb
orb xopoeaHb, a
e .:~<- H3Ma3aHH eb eAI1Hb
n11oe1<11Tt, rpo6HHLI,H e .:~<- ynorpt.6eHH
-101
YcrpoHCTBO Ha rpaneHHTt rpo6HHUH
nOHt.t<Ora B"b rOllt.MO KOJlVIYeCTBO YyKaHVI Ha CVITHO KepaMVIAVI,

rne<Aa CbBCt.Mb YepseHa (rpo6HVILJ,VI
(XVI, XXI
yt<paceHH Cb cppect<11
xy6asa OTb W.YKb (cMt.Cb
VI
V, VI
XXXIV),
OTb Bapb VI
VI
XXX).
nopaAVI
Bb Ht.KOVI
OTb
KOeTO
Tt.XHaTa
Ma3V1Jll<a
V13
no-xy6aBVITt. CBOAeCTVI rpo6HVILJ,VI,
Bbpxy nbpBaTa Ma3VInKa ce HaMVIpa Apyra no-TbHKa VI no-
CYyl<aHb
>t<aBa OC06HO BHHMaHHe, TOJ11<03b nOBeYe, ye
MpS!MOpb).
naMeTHVILJ,VI
,lleKopal.l,HS!Ta
Ha
T1>3VI rpo6HI1l.J,VI 3acny
OTb T03VI BVI):\b CJK T!3bpAt. pt.AKVI , no 1<0
SITO n pVIYVIHa w,e Ce cnpeMb Cb Ht.t<Olli<O AYMVI Bbpxy T"EXb.
i.
i.
rpOOHHUH
0
0.
\Ci
c:;
=
3
,0
o:i
124
24
126- ,-26
4'5
4
rpOOHHUH
<lJ
o:i
33
45
33
75
VII
34
45
VI
4-5
XXVI
4-5
XXVI, XXVII "
IV, VII, XIX, XXIV
- I
33
XIX
i- 265- 28"5 "4

27
33
VII
i.
33
VIII
33
XIX
------- - - - - -
28
28
29
--
VIII
45
VIII
XXV
45
37
[ 29
,--3o -
3o 45
30
31
---
-- --
34
31
4-5
33
32
32
33
'32
. 35
35
VI, XXIII , XXIV
4- 5
XXVI, XXVII v
li 325 ' 34
T57
XVII, XXVI
VII
VIII
XII
_I
- ~ ---;-
55
-!-
: 60
I 65
.8
: 60
--!- -'
-. - ---j
XXIII
4"5
XI
' 7
-1-52- \60
-
.5'5
35_ .4
1 35
~_ -.._4-D
VII, X, XVII-XX
---
~I
-35
XXVIII
-- - -
i- - - -
XXIX, XXXII
34"5 1- 34"5: -5
.J XXVII
.4-4"5
6-
X, XVIII
- - - ---
32
XXVII.J
34
XX
, 17
VII, XXVII '
VIII
..
31
-
XXVII J
15
7
II
XXXII~
--f,l
--- -- -
. I
VbBt.CTHO e, Ye 06VI4aS!Tb Aa Ce
Vl3nVICBaTb
rpo6HVILJ,VITt. Cb
pa3HH
Vl306pa>t<eHVISI e TBbpAt,
CTapb VI BOAVI HaYa!lOTO CVI st.pOS!THO OTb ErVIneTb, OTA-ETo nocn-5 e MVIHa!lb Bb rbpl.l,VISI, Mana-f\3VISI
VI Vlran11st. (b TeYeHVIe Ha spt.Mero T03VI o6VIYaH e npt.Kapanb pa3HVI creneHVI Ha pa3BHTVIe, t<aro e
nonyYHJlb HaHOBO WHpOt<O pa3npOCTpaHeHHe Bb nbpBVIT-5 Bp-5MeHa Ha XpHCTHSIHCTBOTO. rpaMaAHOTO
60J1WI1HCTBO Orb naMeTHHLJ,VITt. OTb TOBa spt.Me Ce HaMHpaTb Bb PHMb, a
HaCb
nO):I06HH
CTapoxpHCTVISIHCI<H
rpo6HHLJ,H
Cb
Vl306pa<eHHSI
1
CocpHS!. ) Ocst.Hb onHcaHHTt. no- ropt. AB-E rpo6HHLJ,H
HHLJ,a e 61-1na omp1-1ra 1-1 HaHoBo 3acHnaHa npt3b
crpaHa,
nOAb
ceraulHaTa
ynHLJ,a
t<at<BI-1 cs-EA-EHHSI. Bb c6Hp1<VIT-5 Ha

CKHLJ,I-1,, CHeTH np1-1 OTKpVIBaHero
MocKOBCKa,
HapOAHI-151
HO
(XVI
1896
3a
My3eH
roA.
103-106).
1) .ilOI<Oni<OTO
MH
XXXIV),
naKb
<anocTb
ce
na351Tb
HaMHpaHH
rnaBHO Bb
Apyra noAo6Ha CBOAecra rpo6-
np1-1 Cs .
He
):\OCera
CJK
caMo
CocpHSI, Ha c-EsepHaTa
o6HapOABaHH
neTb
TBbpA-5
3a
HeSI
HH-
nospbXHOCTHI-1
H, YeTVIPH OTb KOHTO Bb3npoV13Be<AaMe TYKb 3a npbBb nJKTb. Tt.3H
CI<Hlll-1 Hl-1 n03BOJ1S!BaTb ,[\a Cl-1 CbCTaBHMb npH6JlH3HTeJlHO

LJ,ara (o6p.
1-1
CJK
HMeHHO Bb KaTaKOM6VITt..
Bbpxy CBOAa (o6p.
e H3B"\;CTH O, Bb
104)
np-5ACTaBJleHHe 3a ,[\el<opal.l,HS!Ta Ha rp06HH
e 6Hnb Vl3nHcaHb nasposb s-EHeLJ,b Cb t<pbCT"b Bb Hero ,
6bJlrapH S1 , OC -
BtHb Bb Co<jm11, nono6Ha rpo6HHUa e 6Hna HaM t peHa

nocera caMo Bb .ileBHSI npt3b 1899 ron. (rn. vbs"\;CTiSI
pycc1<. apxeonor. HHCTHT. Bb KoHCTaHTHHonont IV, 1901 ,
446 Cb enHa pHcyHKa). TSI e 6Hna .Ubnra 210, wHpoKa

1 20 H BHCOKa !36 M.; Cb.UbpH<ana e .usa CKenera. 3ananHaTa H I< ~ Ca CT"\;Ha e 6HJla H3nHCaHa Cb npbCHaTH UBt TH H I<JlOHYeTa, MeH<ny I<OHTO Ce HaMHpaTb H .UBt nTHYeTa .
102
HeKpononbTb Ha JlbpKsara Cs. Co cj:ll-1 11
OTb .D.B-trt CTpaHH Ha KO~lTO Ci'K

HaTa CT-tHa (o6p.
105)
pa3nOJIO>t<eHH CHMeTpH4HO
e H3nHCaHb CJKUJ,O e.D.Y!Hb
c-tsepHaTa, .n.-tTo ce e Ha MHpana spaTaTa ( o6p.
KpbCTb
106),
.D.pyrH .D.Ba no-roni;MH KpbCTa. Ha JO>t<-
Bb KpJKrb
Cb .D.Ba
YeTY1pY1 ron JK6a .
.[l,pyra no.n.o6Ha cso.n.eCTa rpo6HHU,a e 611J1a OTI<PY1Ta Bb Kpa51 Ha
N2 13.")
lypKo, np-t.n.b KJKw,aTa
.[l,eKopau,H51Ta Ha Ta3Y1 rpo6HHu,a

Ha
nayHa OTCTpaHY1, a Ha
1
)
107-110
(o6p.
r.
1909
asryCTa
ro.n..
cnope.n.b
X. TaYeBb)
Ha
CKHU,YIT-t
npY1IlY1'-Ia
MHOro Ha Ta3Y1 OTb
1896
yn.
TBbp.D.-t
ro.n.. CT"tHY!T"t
CJK pa3.D."tileHY1 Bb .D.OJIHII"T"B CY1 4aCTY1

Ha U,Bi;THY1 KBa.n.paTY1 , a IlJOHeTKY1rB Ha
KJKCHTi;
CTpaHH
nTY14eTa
1-1
e.n.Ha
CJK
yKpaceHH
Ba3a
(aMcpopa) Cb
.n.ri"-t .D.pb>t<KY1. no cpi;.n.aTa Ha

Y13nbCTpeHb
CBO.D.a,
Cb OpHaMeHTb OTb KOH
u,eHTpH4HY1 KpJKrOBe,
UJ,Y151Tb
Cb
Ce
HaMY!pa CJK-
KpbCTb Bb JlaBpOBb B"tHeU,b
(o6p.
11 0).
JKrila
Ha
Ocs-tHb TOBa Bb YeTHpY1T"t

cso.n.a
CJK 6Y1Ilf1
6JOCTOBeTi; Ha YeTHpHTi;
MY!xaY!Ilb,
cpaY!Ilb,
YpHeilb,
Y13nHcaHY1
apxaHreiiY1:
laspaY!Ilb Y1 Pa-
03Ha4e!-:H BC"tKY1
e.D.HHb
Cb
Ha.D.nY1Cb.
Hal1-nocn-t np"t3b M-tceu,b cpeB-
1912
pyapY1
06p. 103. -
06 w b H3rnenb Ha rpo6HHUala,
orKp~-tra n pi; 3b 18S6 ron .
HapO.D.HOTO
TeJIHO Bb
Ha Cs. CocpH51 -
6-t
OTKPHTa e.n.Ha
XpY1CTOBaTa
MOHorpaMa
Cb6paHY1e
c-tsepb
-
OTb
cn-t.n.osa
rp .~HU,HT-t Ha HeKpOnOJia
no U,B"tTHHTi; KOnH51 Ha r . .[I, . .[l,aCKaJIOBb . .[l,si;Ti; .D.bilfY1
CTpaHY1 CJK 3aeTY1 u,-tn11 OTb no e.n.Ha II03a Cb ron-tMH rpo3.n.ose (o6p.
CbMH"tHHe CTOY1 Bb .n.ane4Ha
Ha
nnocKa rpo6HHu,a Cb cppeCKY1, K051TO ow.e He e H3.D.a.n.eHa. TyKb
Bb3npOY13Be>t<.D.aMe CaMO HeHHaTa .D.eKOpaU,I-151
06p. 104. -
ro.n..
111) -
.n.eKopau,l-151, K051TO 6e3b
lleraiin b OTb esona Ha rpo6HHuara , OTKPHTa npi;3b 1896 ron.
Be4e Bpb3Ka Cb KYIITa Ha .[I,HOHHCa. 11) 3ana.n.HaTa CT-tHa e yKpaCeHa Cb
Bb naspOBb s-tHeu,b, OTb .n.s-tT-t CTpaHY1 Ha
lj Bbpxy eHMBOn H'leeKOTO 3Ha'leHHe Ha nayHHri; H

rbnil'i6Hri; Bb si;psa HHS!Ta Ha erapHli; xp~-teTHSIH H rn . F. X.
Kraus, Gesehiehte der ehristliehen Kunst I 99 H 111 en.;
S y be I, Christliehe Antike I 171 en.
KOHTO
ce
HaMHpa
no e.D.Y1Hb
~) r . K a u a p 0 B b H X. T a 'l eBb, HO BOOTI<PHTa

erapoxpHeTHS! HeKa rpo6HHUa Bb Cocj>HSI, Bb ~13si;erHSI Ha
bbnr. apx eon. n pyH< . I, 1910, 23-28 Cb ra6n . II.
'l) Bb p Xy eHMB OnH'leeKOTO 3Ha'leHHe Ha n o3aTa
.Llet<OpauH~
KaH.o,ena6bpb
Ha
(Ta6n.
XXI 2).
Ha CTapoxpHCTH~HCt<HT-t rpo6HHUH Bb CoHII
V13TOYHaTa
103
cr5Ha e v13nbCTpeHa Cb YepseHYI
naneTa, a Bb
Kpaiiw,aTa
noneTo CJK YI306pa3eHYI naKb .o,sa KaH.o,ena6pa (o6p. 112).

Tosa, KOeTo OTnYIYasa OTKpYITYITi:;
.o,ocera Bb
Co151
neTb Yl3nYicaHYI
rpo6HYILJ,YI,
e nbnHaTa
,D,ei<OpaTYIBHOCTb Ha Ti:;XHYITi:; Yl306pa>KeHYI51. )J,a>Ke Y1 TaMb, .o,i:;TO no Y13l<niOYeHY!e HaMY!paMe 40Bi:;WI<YI

YirypY1, KaKTO Bb rpOOHHLJ,aTa OTb yn. rypKO, yi:; CJK Y13nOn3yBaHH KaTO ,D,eKOpaTYIBHYI
LJ,i:;nOTO,
He
MeHTYI He CJK
KaTO
B38TYI
CaMOCTOS!TenHYI
o6pa3YI.
npYI
TOBa, 6onWYIHCTBOTO
npOY13BOnHO, a ce HaMHpaTb Bb
CBpb3Ka
Cb
eneMeHTI-1
ene-
OTb .o,eKopaTYIBHYITi:;
CYIMBOnYII<aTa
Bb
KynTa
Bb
Ha Mbp-
TBHTi:;. Hi:;KOYI OTb Ti:;Xb (MaKbTb, n03aTa, aMopaTa) HanOMH51Tb OW,e CTapY!Ti:; KynTOBYI Tpa,D,HLI,HYI Ha
KnaCYIYeCKYITi:; HapO,D,YI, a .o,pyrYI (KpbCTbTb,
xpY13MaTa,
apxaHrenYITi:;, nTYI-
LJ,YITi:;) CJK 3aeTH Be4e

KaTa
Ha
OTb CYIMBOnl-1-
xpY1CTY151HCTBOTO.
HY!e
TYKb
He MO<eMb .o,a ce snyw,aMe Bb no - no.o,po6HYI 0651CHeHYI51 Ha
T-1:,31-1
Yl306pa-
<eHYI51 Yl .o,a YI3,D,Y1psaMe npoY13XO.o,a Ha

LJ,i:;naTa
"--
Ta3YI
.o,eKopaLJ,151. UJ,e
3a6i:;-
~ ni:;>KYIMb CaMO, Ye Haf1-6nYI3KYITi:; aHanOrYIYI 61 Tpi:;6sano .o,a ce AYI p51Tb He

TOnK03b
Bb
BCei-13Bi:;CTHYITi:;
Yl306pa -
.,; ...
>KeH151 Ha pY1MCKI-1Ti:; KaTaKOM6YI, I<On
06p 105 -
. .-..:-- - -
t0H<Hara cT-tHa Ha crr:. wara rpo6HHua.
KOTO Bb TBbp.o,i:; ManKO n03HaTYITi:; pH

cysaHYI rpo6HYILJ,YI
oYaKsa
HacKopo, 1)
Bb oKonHOCTbTa
a
Ha
KepYb
M::::>Ke 6YI Yl sb Hi:;KoYI
Bb
KpYIMb, YYieTo nbnHo Yl
OTb
no-6nYI3KYITi:;
HayYHO o6Hapo.o,saHe ce
CTaporpbLI,KYI
KOnOHYIYI no 6pi:;ra Ha
4epHo-Mope .
KaTO ce spbwaMe naKb
KbMb cso.o,eCTYITi:; rpo6HYILJ,H
npYI Cs . Co151,
YIMa
npi:;.o,M
BCYIYKO
.o,a 3a6i:;ni:;>KYIMb, ye yi:; Cb,D,bp>KaTb 06YIKHOBeHO no Hi:;I<OnKO norpe6eHYI51 (.o,o weCTb CKe!l~Ta) Yl GK
cni:;.o,osaTenHo cJKw,o aMYinHYI rpo6HYILI,YI.
MbpTBHTi:;
Hai1 -.o,o6p-b on, 3ana3eHaTa HenoKJKTHaTa rpo6HYILJ,a
CJK
XVI, 6Y!no
6e3b KOBYerb, 06BYITYI CaMO Bb .o,peXYI. npYI TOBa ~ e Ce e
c~ BYI>K.o,a
6Y!nYI cnaraHYI Bb yi:;xb, KaKTO

Bb AbpBeHYI
6Y!no Hanpaso
KOBYe3YI,
Cb6mo.o,asano CTpOrO,
W,OTO
rnasaTa Ha
norpe6aHYI51 .o,a 6JK.o,e Ha 3ana.o,b, Ma

Ka pb TOBa
nono>KeHY!e .o,a
6Yino ow,e Torasa
.o,a e
Yl3rne>K.o,a
KaTo
npa-
BYino. PJKLJ,i:;Ti:; He Ci'i>. ce cKpbcTsanYI

sbpxy
rbp,D,Y!Ti:;,
a CJK
cnaraHYI Ha-
.o,nbKYI 11 3a nnOCI<YITi:; rp06HYILI,f1.
OcTasa
KaKso
.o,eHYITi:;
06p. 1C6 -
C-tsepHaTa cT-tHa Ha crr:.wara rpo6HHua.
Haii-nocni:;
nono>t<-eHYie
rp06HYILI,YI
noKa3BaTb, Ye
yi:;
CJK 6Y!nYI caMo
YaCTYIYHO 3apY1TYI
seTi:; Ha noseYeTo OTb yi:;xb CJK YI3Ma3aHYI Yl OTropi:; Cb 3.o,pasb

nYIYeCTBO YyKaHYI KepaM1.0,11
3aeMaJIYI rpa-
cnpi:;MO
OKOnH151
TepeHb, T. e . .o,anYI yi:; CJK 6Y!nYI 3apY1H1 LJ,i:;nYI Bb 3eM51Ta
Cb06pa>KeHf151
CJK
.o,a BYIAYIMb,
Bb 3eM51Ta.
Ylnl-1
TaKa
He.
MHoro
Hanp.
cso.o,o-
xopocaHb, cMi:;ceHb Cb roni:;Mo
KO-
Hi:;w,o, KOeTO e.o,Ba nYI 6YI YIMano CMYICbnb, aKO rpo6H11LI,YITi:; C.i\( 6YinYI
t<aro an eropHII Ha esa11renHero rn. Kraus , Reai -Ency t<lopadie der christlichen f\lterthum er II 982 H Geschichte
der christlichen Kunst I 122.
1) rn. M. PocrosueBb, KepYeHCI<aSI net<opaTHBHall H<HBOnHCb, Bb >KypHanb MHHHCT. Hap . npoc st111.
1906, or.u. t<nacc. <jJHnon., H PocnHcb KepYeHCt<oi1 rpo6H11Ubl, ort<pblTOH Bb 1891 ro ny, Bb C6opH11t<b Bb yecrb
rpa<jJa f\. f\. 6o6p11HCt<aro, 1911 , crp. 1 en. Ha orn-tnHHII orneYaTbt<b. 3a t<epYeHCI<HT-t rpo6HHUH cp. owe Ton c ro i1 11
Ko H na 1< o Bb, PyccKill npesHOCTH I, 2-p o H3il, crp 31-34.
YcTpOHCTBO Ha rpa n eHHT~ rpo6HHUH
nOHi>KOra B'b IOJli>MO KOni-1YeCTBO YyKaHH Ha CYITHO Kepa MYIAYI,

rne<.Aa CbBCi:.Mb YepseHa (rpo6HHLJ,H
V, VI
XXX).
Bb Hi>KOH
101
nopaAH
OTb
KOeTO
Ti>XHaTa
Ma3HJH<a
13-
no-xy6asHTt. CBOAeCTH rpo6HHLJ,H,
y~<paceHH Cb peCI<H (XVI, XXI H XXXIV), Bbpxy nbpBaTa Ma3Hnl<a ce HaMHpa Apyra no - TbHKa H noxy6asa OTb W.YKb (CMi:.Cb
OTb Bapb Y1
CYyKaHb
<.aBa OC06HO BHHMaHHe, T0Jli<03b noBeYe, Ye

51TO npHYHHa
n=!
Mp51MOpb) .
naMeTHYILJ,YI
I. ."'r'l:
:;:
0
0..
3
!
124_ . 24
Ti>3H rpo6HHLJ,YI 3acny -
45
XIX
4
45
4
45
VIII
33
33
- -33
VIII
XXV
--- --
5
45
::1
33
33
34
45
75
VII
4"5
VI
36
4-5
4-5
XXVI
37
34
IV, VII, XIX, XXIV
XXVI, XXVII "
34
5
-- --- - - '
34
7
34
34
17 4
- ---- 34
17 6
-34"5 1 34"5 5
- -- - - 35
35 ' 4
VIII
VIII
~,
-- --
rpOOHHUH
:s:
33
33
VII
:;:
u
0
0..
30
30
27
! 27
28
i 27
27'5 30
28
28
37
30
34
:Er:;
,.a
XIX
29
i.u
26 4
: 26
-
:I 26"5 285 4
29
29
i.u
rpOOHHUH
:s:
Ha
W,e Ce CnpeMb Cb Hi>KOJli<O AYMYI Bbpxy Ti:.Xb .
i.
.[leKOpaU,H51Ta
OTb T03YI BYI):\b CN' T13bpAt, pi:.AKYI, no I<0-
XXVII J
VII, XXVII
XXVII.J
- -
XXIX, XXXII
X, XVIII
XXVIII
XI
XVII, XXVI
-- -----
31
4-5
5
4-45
33
32
32
I 3_2_ 33
, 32
35
34
1.-32"5
J XXVII
- --- ---
---
VII, X, XVII-XX
--- - -- -- -- - VI, XXIII, XXIV
5'5
--
4- 5
45
--- -
CTapb Yl
- ~-- - -
XXVI, XXVIIv
7
8
6
- --
VII
XII
8
8
--
XXXII ~
H3nYICBaTb
rpo6HHLJ,Y!Ti:. Cb
pa3HYI
(b TeYeHHe Ha Bpi:.MeTO T03YI 06HYai1 e
--~
Yl306pa<.eHH51 e TBbpAt.
npi:.!<apanb pa3HYI CTeneHH Ha pa3BYITY!e, KaTO e

XpHCTYI51HCTBOTO. rpaMa):\HOTO
60JlWYIHCTBO OTb naMeTHYILJ,HTi:. OTb TOBa Bpi:.Me Ce HaMHpaTb Bb PYIMb , a

nOA06HH
CTapoxpHCTYI51HCI<YI
rpo6HHLJ,YI
Cb
Yl306pa>t<eHH 51
Co<f:>H51. 1) Ocst.Hb onHCaHHTt. no-ropt. ABt. rpo6HHU,H

HHLJ,a e 6Hna OTKPHTa H HaHOBO 3acHnaHa npt3b
CTpaHa,
-----:1
II
---
BOAYI HaYaJlOTO CYI st.pOS!THO OTb ErHneTb, OTAt.TO nocnt. e MHHallb Bb rbpU,151, Mana - fb151
Yhan!51.
HaCb
-- -
~ -
nonyYHJlb HaHOBO WY1p01<0 pa3npOCTpaHeHHe Bb nbpBHTi:. Bpi:.MeHa Ha
-l
i
VIII
XXIII
YbBi:.CTHO e, Ye 06HYa51Tb Aa ce
Y1
35
35
40 : 57
- 52
60
- - - ---55 i 65
-60 I 60
XX
nOAb
cerawHaTa
ynHu,a
Kai<BH cstAi>HH51. Bb c6HpKHTt. Ha
MocKOBCKa,
HapOAHH51
HO
(XVI
1896
3a
My3ei1
lOA .
n aKb
>t<anoCTb
ce
CNZ
XXXIV) ,
na351Tb
He
HMeHHO Bb KaTai<OM6HTi:..
HaMHpaHH
LJ,aTa (o6p.
103-106).
1) ilO KOJJI<OTO
Bbpxy CBOAa (o6p.
H 3B~CTHO, Bb
104)
rnaBHO Bb
noAo6Ha CBOAecTa rpo6-
npH Cs.
Co<f:>H51, Ha ct.sepHaTa ~
CNZ
caMo
o6HapOABaHH
neTb
TBbpAt.
CKHLJ,H,, CHeTH npH OTKpHsaHeTo ~. YeTHpH OTb KOHTO Bb 3n pOH3Be>t<AaMe TYI<b 3a

CKYIUYI HYI n03BOJl51BaTb ):\a CYI CbCTaBHMb npH6llH311TeJlHO
AOCera
Apyra
3a
He51
HH-
nospbXHOCTHH
npbBb nNZTb. Tt3H
nptACTaBJleHHe 3a Aei<OpaU,H51Ta Ha rp06HH-
e 6Hnb H3nHcaHb nasposb stHeu,b Cb KpbCTb Bb Hero,
6bJJrapH~. OC-
1899 ron. (rn . V1 3 B~CTi st
446 Cb enH a pH CYH Ka). T5! e 6Hna nbnra 210, w HpoKa

120 H BHCOKa 136 M. ; Cbilbpl-l<ana e nsa CKeneTa. 3 a nanHaTa H 1</i<.Ca CT'tHa e OHJJa H3nHCaHa Cb npbC Ha TH UB-t-
pyCCI<. apxeonor. HHCTHT. Bb KDHCTaHTH HOnont JV, 190 1.
T5! H I<JJOH'ieTa, Mel-l<ilY I<OHTO Ce HaM HpaTb H L!B~ nTH'ieTa.
MH
B'tHb Bb (O<jm5!, n ono6Ha

nocera
caMo
Bb ileBH5!
rpo6HHua e 6HJJa H a M~ peHa
np't3b
102
HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKsara Cs . Cocp1-111
OTb AB-Brfi CTpaHVI Ha KOiho C;;<.

HaTa CT-BHa (o6p.
105)
pa3nOJlO>t<eHVI CVIMeTpWlHO
e Vl3nVICaHb C;;<.W,O
c-BsepHaTa, A-BTO ce e HaMV~pana
eil,VIHb
spaTaTa (o6p.
KpbCTb
106),
Bb
il,pyrVI il,Ba no -ron-BMVI KpbCTa. Ha IO>t<Kp;;<.rb
Cb il,Ba
,LJ,pyra nOA06Ha CBOAeCTa rpo6HV~U.a e 61-m a OTKPV~Ta Bb KpaSl Ha
N2
lypKo, np-BAb K;;<.W,aTa
nayHa OTCTpaHVI, a Ha
4eTV1pV1 fbJJ;;<.6a. 1)
13. ~) ,lJ,eKopau,V~SlTa Ha Ta3VI rpo6HJ.1U.a
107-110
(o6p.
Ha
r.
1909
asrycTa
roA.
cnopeAb
X. Ta4eBb)
Ha
CKVIU.VIT-B
npV1IlJ.14a
MHoro Ha Ta31-1 OTb
yn.
TBbpA-B
1896 roil,. CT-BHVIT-B
C;;<. pa3A-BJJeHJ.1 Bb AOJlHVIrB Cl-1 4aCTJ.1

Ha U.B-BTHI-1 KBaApan-t, a JliOHeTKVIrB Ha
K;;<.CJ.1Tt,
CTpaHVI
C;;<.
nTJ.14eTa
VI
sa3a
eAHa
yKpaCeHVI
(aMCpopa) Cb
ABt, Apb>t<KI-1. no cp-BAaTa Ha

J.13nbCTpeHb
CBOAa,
j
Cb OpHaMeHTb OTb KOH <'
u,eHTpV14Hf1 Kp;;<.rose, ce
W,I-1SlTb
Cb
HaMV~pa
C;;<.-
KpbCTb Bb JlaBpOBb B-BHeU,b
(o6p .
110).
;;<.rna
Ha
Ocs-BHb Tosa Bb 4eTI-1PVIT-B

CBOAa
6toCTOBerl
Ha
YpV~eJlb,
M1-1xa1-1Jlb,
cpa1-1Jlb,
C;;<. 6J.1JlVI
4eT1-1p1-1Tt,
03Ha4ei-!J.1
Vl3nVICaHJ.1
apxaHrelll-1:
laspaVIJJb VI Pasc-BKI-1
eAV~Hb
Cb
HaAnVICb.
Hat1-nocn-B np-B3b M-Bceu,b cpes-
1912 roA.
pya p1-1
06p. 103. -
06wb f13rnenb Ha rpo6HHua1a. orKpHTa npi>3b 18S6 ron.
HapOAHOTO
TeJJHO Bb
Ha Cs . Cocp1-1Sl -
6-B
Ha
cb6paHV~e
rpaHJ.1U.I-1T-B
c-Bsepb
OTb
cn-BAosa -
Ha
HeKponona
OTKPV~Ta eAHa nnocKa rpo6H1-1u,a Cb cppeCKI-1, KOSlTO ow,e He e f13AaAeHa . TyKb
Bb3npOV13Be>t<AaMe caMo Hei1HaTa AeKopaU.J.1Sl
no u.s-BTHI-1T-B KOnJ.1Sl Ha r. ,LJ,. ,lJ,ao<aJJOBb. ,LJ,s-BT-B Abllrl-1
CTpaHI-1 c;;<. 3aeT1-1 u.-Bn1-1 OTb no eAHa JJ03a Cb ron-BMI-1 rp03AOBe (o6p.
06p. 104. -
Bpb3Ka Cb KYJJTa Ha ,1J,VIOHJ.1Ca.' 1) 3anail,HaTa CT-BHa e yKpaCeHa Cb
Be4e
Xp1-1CTOBaTa
nasposb s-BHeU.b, OTb AB-BT-B CTpaHI-1
Bb
AeKopau,V~Sl, KOSlTO 6e3b
flerafinb orb esona Ha rpo6H1-1uara, orKpHra npi>3b 1896 ron.
CbMH-BHVIe CTOI-1 Bb il,aJle4Ha

MOHOrpaMa
111) -
1) Bbpxy eHMBOnH 'leeKoro 3Ha'leHHe Ha nayHHrt H

rbn;r;61-1rt Bb s-tpsaHHS!Ta Ha erap1-1ri> xp1-1eTI-15lHH rn. F. X.
Kraus , Gesehiehte der ehristliehen Kunst I 99 H 111 en.:
Sybel, Christliehe Antike I 171 en .
-- ----- -- --------'-'--- - -- . ----
- -
- -
Ha
KOHTO
ce
HaMV~pa
no eAVIHb
~ ) r. K a u a p 0 B b 1-1 X. T a 'l eBb, HoBOOTKp1-1Ta

erapo xp !-1eTH51HeKa rpo6HHUa Bb Cocpi-151, Bb vl3si>CTHSI Ha
f.Obnr. apxeon. npy)!<. I, 1910, 23 - 28 eb ra6n. II .
::) BbpXy eHMBOnH'leeKOTO 3Ha 'leHHe Ha n03aTa
DeKopaw-1~
t<aHge11a6bpb
Ha
no11eTO
(Ta611.
c;y;,
XXI 2).
113o6pa3eHI1
i-13TOYHaTa
nat<b
103
Ha crapoxpHCH15lHCKHTt. rpo6HHUH Bb Co1-151
cri:.Ha e 113nbCTpeHa Cb YepseHI1
t<pai:iw,aTa
112).
gsa t<aHge11a6pa (o6p.
T osa, t<OeTo OT1111Ya sa OTt<p11T11T-E
11a11eTa, a Bb
gocera Bb Coqmst
n eTb
113ni1CaHI1
rpo6H11U.11,
e nb11HaTa
get<OpaTI1BHOCTb Ha T-5XHI1T-t 11306paH<eHI1SI. ,lJ,aH<e 11 TaMb, g-tTO no 1131<1110YeHI1e HaM11paMe YOB-5Wt<11

qmryp11, t<at<TO Bb rpOOHI1LJ,aTa OTb
u,-5110TO,
He
MeHTI1 He Ci'i\,
KaTO
B3eTI1
yn.
CaMOCTmneJlHI1
fypt<O, T-t Ci'i\, 113n0113yBaHI1 t<aTO get<OpaTI1BHI1
o6pa311.
np11
TOBa,
np0113B011HO, a Ce HaM11paTb Bb
6011WI1HCTBOTO
CBpb3Ka
Cb
eneMeHTI1
OTb get<OpaTI1BHI1T-t
CI1MBOJ111KaTa
Bb
KY11Ta
Ha
Bb
e11e-
Mbp-
TBI1T-t. H-tt<o11 OTb Ttxb (Mat<bTb, 1103aTa, aMCpopaTa) HanOMH5lT'b ow,e cTap11rl KY11TOBI1 Tpag11u,1111 Ha
1<11aCI1YeCKI1T-t Hapogl1, a gpyr11 (t<pbCT'bTb,
Xp113MaTa,
LJ,11TB)
t<aTa
CJi;,
Ha
apxaHre1111T-t, nTI1-
3aeTI1 BeYe
OT'b CI1MBOJ111-
xp11CT11stHCTBOTO.
H11e
TYKb
He MOH<eMb ga ce snyw,aMe Bb no- nogpo6HI1 o65lcHeHI15l Ha
r-5311
11306pa-
H<eHI15l 11 ga 113g11psaMe npo113xoga Ha

u.-tnaTa
~--
Ta311
get<opau,l15l.
UJ,e
3a6-t-
\ 11-EH<11Mb CaMO, Ye HaH-6111131<11T-t aHa110fl111 611

T0111<03b
Tp-E6sa11o ga ce g11pS1Tb He
Bb
BCei13BtCTHI1T-t
11306pa-
-,
H<eHI1SI Ha p11MCI<I1Tt t<aTat<OM611, I<OJl
. -~ - - _; ~ .___, . - ~- ~ ..
06p . 105 -
IO>KHaTa crt.Ha Ha Cii'.wara rpo6HHua .
I<OTO Bb TBbpg{; Ma111<0 n03HaTI1T-t p11cysaHI1 rpo6H11U.11

OYat<Ba
HaCt<OpO, 1)
Bb Ot<OJlHOCTbTa
a
Ha
KepYb
M~H<e 611 11 Bb H-51<011
Bb
Kp11Mb, Yl1eTo nbJlHO 11
OTb
nO-OJ11131<11T-t
HayYHO o6HapogsaHe ce
CTaporpbU,I<I1
1<0110HI111 no 6p-tra Ha
LJepHO-MOpe.
KaTo ce spbwaMe nat<b
t<bMb
csogecmT-t
rpo6H11U.I1
np11 Cs.
Coqmst,
11Ma
np-tg11
BCI1YKO
ga 3a6-t11-EH<11Mb, ye Tt CbgbpH<aT'b o611t<HOBeHo no H-Et<011KO norpe6eHI15l (go wecTb ct<e11~Ta) 11 c;y;,

c11-tgosaTe11HO c;y;,w,o aMI1JlHI1 rpo6H11U.11.
MbpTBI1T-t
Hai1-go6p-b OTb 3ana3eHaTa HenOKJi;,THaTa rpo6H11u,a
c;y;,
XVI,
6e3b t<OBYerb, o6BI1TI1 caMo Bb gpex11. np11 Tosa ;.e ce
6111111
c11araH11
Bb
611110 Bb gbpseHI1
e
Cb6n10gasa11o
t<at<T~
T-txb,
t<OBYe311,
CTporo,
cf!' BI1H<ga
611110 Hanpaso
w,oTo
r11asaTa Ha
norpe6aHI15l ga 6;y;,ge Ha 3anagb, Mat<a pb TOBa

ga e
nonoH<eHI1e ga
611110
ow,e
TOrasa
113r11e>1<ga
t<aTo
npa-
811110. p;y;,u,{;T{; He CJD.. Ce Ct<pbCTBa1111

sbpxy
rbpg11rl,
c;y;,
c11araH11 Ha-
(;y;,~OTO H-tw,o
AllbH<b t<paH T-5110TO.
BaH<I1 11 3a n110CI<I1TB rpo6HI1LJ,I1.

OCTasa
t<at<BO
geHI1T-t
Hai1-noc11-t
no11omeH11e
rp06HI1LJ,11
c;y;,
ga Bl1gi1Mb,
3aeManl1 rpa,
Cnp-tMO
01<011HI15l
TepeHb, T. e. ga1111 T-t (i'i\, 6111111 3ap1106p. 106 -
Ct.sepHaTa crt.Ha Ha cii'.wara rpo6HHua.

TI1 u.tn11 Bb 3eM5lTa
Cbo6paH<eHI15l
noKa3BaT'b, Ye
T-t
c;y;, 6111111 caMo
YaCTI1YHO 3ap11'i-11
seT-t Ha noseYeTo OTb T-txb c;y;, 113Ma3aHI1 11 oTrop-t Cb 3gpasb

1111YeCTBO 4yt<aHI1 t<epaMI1gl1
Bb 3eM5lTa.
xopocaHb,
111111
Tat<a
He.
MHoro
Hanp.
csogo-
cM-tceHb Cb ro11-EMo
t<o-
H-tw,o, KOeTO egsa 1111 611 11Ma110 CMI1Cb11b, at<O rp06HI1U,I1T-t C#. 6111111
KaTo aneropH5l Ha esaHrenHeTo rn. Kraus, Reai -EncyKiopadie der christlichen F\lterthi.imer II 982 1-1 Geschichte
der christlichen Kunst I 122.
1) rn. M. PocTOBUeBb, Kep4eHCKa5l neKopaTHB
Hall >KHBOnHCb, Bb >KypHallb MHHHCT. Hap, npOCBtW,
1906, orn. Knacc. <jJHnon,, 1-1 PocnHCb Kep4eHCKOH rpo6HHUbi, OTKpblTOH Bb 1891 rony, Bb (6opHHKb Bb 4eCTb
rpa<jJa A. A. 5o6pHHCKaro, 1911, CTp, 1 CJl, Ha OTilt.llHH5l OTne4aTbKb. 3a Kep4eHCKHTt rpo6HHUH cp. owe Ton c TO i1 1-1
KoHnaKOBb, Pycc Ki ~ npesHOCTH I, 2-po H3n,crp 31-34.
104
HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKsara Cs. Cocjm51
ut.m1 3aTpynaHI1 Cb npbCTb. Ocsi:.Hb TOBa Hl1e s11,o,i:.xMe, 4e Bb cso,o,a Ha rpo6H11LJ,aTa XVI e oCTaseHa
ManKa 4eTsbpT11Ta ,o,ynKa, K051TO e cny>t<11na st.po51THO ,o,a ce 113ni1BaTb npi:.3b He51 6naroyxaHI151 Bb rpo6a.
TaKasa ,o,ynKa HaM11paMe 11 Ha e,o,Ha OTb xaMeHHI1Tt. nn0411 Ha cnoMeHaTI151 no-rapt. nnocbKb rpo6b Cb
cppeCKI1Ti:., OTKp11Tb npi:.3b cpespyap11
----
1912 ro,o,. Ha ct.sepb OTb Hapo,o,HOTO cb6paHI1e. Ti:.311 ,o,ynKI1 GK
~--
Mornl1
~---
,o,a
Torasa,
cny>t<aTb
KOraTo
caMo
11Mano
Bb3MO>t<HOCTb ,o,a Ce OTBap51Tb 11 3aTsap51Tb

T.
e.
necHo,
CaMO KOraTO Cfi'\ Ce
HaM11pan11
HOCTbTa Ha
Ha,o,b
nospbx-
3eM51Ta.
Ha~
nocnt. o6cT051TencTBOTO, 4e
Hi:.KOI1 OTb rpo6HI1LJ,I1Ti:. CFK
611n11 CHa6,o,eHI1 OTBbHb Cb
CTFKnana, 3a ,o,a
ce
Bb Ti:.xb no-necHo,
sa, 4e
cn113a
noKa3-
Tt. e Tpt.6sano ,o,a
6FK,D,aTb neCHO ,D,OCTJKnHI1 11

cni:.,o,b norpe6eHI1eTO. 0Tb
06p. 107. -
BCI14KO TOBa Ce BI1>H,D,a, 4e
HaJinb}l{eHb pa3pt.3b Ha rpo6HV!uara OTb yn. lypKo.
rOpH51Ta 4aCTb Ha rpo6HI1LI,I1TI, KaKTO Ha CBO,D,eCTI1Ti:., TaKa 11 Ha

Ha~-,o,o6pt.,
0651CH51Ba 11
MHOrO
nO-BI1COKO
OTb
nnOCI<I1T 5, e CTbp4ana Ha,D,b 3eM51Ta. no TaKbBb Ha411Hb ce
3aUJ,O BpaTI1Ti:. He CFK 611n11

Hero, Cb KOeTO
Ce
nOCTaB51HI1
HapaBHO
11n11
6n1130 ,[1,0 llO,D,a, HO
e roHi:.na si:.p051THO LJ,i:.nbTa ,o,a MOraTb Ti:. ,o,a Ce
,o,aTb noHe OT4aCTI1 11 ,o,a ce OTsap51Tb no-necHo, 6e3b ,o,a

BI1C0411Ha nbKb, Ha K051TO ce HaM11paTb rp06HI1U11Ti:.,
w,e
BI1>H-
ce Konae ,o,bn6oKo Bb 3eM51Ta. Pa3ni14HaTa

Tpi:.6sa ,o,a Ce 0651CHI1 TOrasa OT4aCTI1 Cb
HepaBHOCTI1Ti:. Ha TepeHa, OT4aCTI1

Cb TOBa, 4e Hi:.KOI1 OTb rpo6HI1LI,I1Ti:. CFK
Ha,D,b
ce
113,0,11ran11
nOBpbXHOCTbTa,
nose4e
a
,o,pyr11
no-ManKo.
0THOCI1TenHO ,D,aTaTa Ha
rpo6HI1LJ,I1Ti:. 11Ma ,o,a ce 3a6t.nt.>t<l1,
4e Ti:.
BCI14KI1
Tpi:.6sa ,o,a
np11Ha,o,ne>t<aTb Ha e,o,I1Hb cpasH11TenHo

KaTO
Kfi'\Cb
3Ha411TenHa
Ti:.XH1151
Tb~
nep110,D,b,
pa3ni1Ka
Bb
Ha411Hb Ha rpa,o,e>tt<e ,o,a

Ce 3a6i:.ni:.>t<l1. no-T04HO MO>HeMb
,o,a onp-E,o,t.ni1Mb Tosa spt.Me Cb
noMOW,bTa
Bl1,o,i:.xMe
HI1e
Ha
Ha
se4e,
MOHeTI1Tt..
H11e
06p. 108. -
4e, 6naro,o,ape-
HaMi:.peHI1TI Bb
Ct.sepHara cr5Ha Ha c,v;w.ara rpo6H!-1Ua.
Ti:.Xb
MOHeTI1, Hi:.Ko11 OTb rpo6HI1LJ,11Ti:. (Ill, X, XXVII-XXIX) MoraTb nono>t<I1TenHo ,o,a ce ,o,aT11paTb Bb 4eTBbpTH51
si:.Kb en.
Xp.,
OT4aCTI1 (XI, XXVII, XXIX)
MO>t<e
611
owe Bb TpeTI151
si:.Kb. KbMb CFKW,OTO 3aKmo-
4eHI1e Hl1 ,D,OBe>t<,o,aTb 11 MOHeTI1Ti:., HaMi:.peHI1 npbCHaTI1 113b HeKponona (rn. CTp.
1<011TO npi:.KFKCBa BHe3anHO Cb
11MnepaTOpa f\pKa,D,I151
(395-408
ro,o,.).
96), 06W,aTa MaCa Ha
np11 CpaBHI1TenHO roni:.MOTO
--
105
.ilaTa Ha rpaneHHTt. rpo6HHUH npH Cs . Ca<pHS!
t<OJHI4eCTBO Ha MOHennt, npas1-1 sneYaTneHHe, 4e He e HaM-EpeHa HI-ITO e)J,Ha, t<051TO Aa Mome )J,a ce
npl-!ni-!We Ha neTOTO l-lnl-1 weCTOTO CTOntTI-!e. Tosa 06CT051TenCTBO He MOme )J,a ce OT)J,a)J,e npOCTO Ha
e)J,Ha cny4aHHOCTb, a w,e Tp-56Ba )J,a Ce 0651CHI-I Cb H-51<051 t<OpeHHa npoM-EHa Bb TOraBaWHOTO CbCT051HI-!e
Ha
Het<ponona. Ta31-! npoM-EHa Mome )J,a 6JK)J,e caMo np-Et<paT51BaHeTo OTb HaYanoTo Ha neTl-151
s-Et<b Ha norpe6eHI-!51Ta Ha TOBa

MtCTo.
CntAOBaTenHo
OT!<pi-!Tl-1
rp06HI-Il.l,l-l
BCI-!41<1-1
w,e
;o:- ...
npi-!Ha
AnemaTb Ha Ill 1-1 IV s-bt<b.

fl..t<O TOBa 3at<nl04eHHe e
stpHo -
TO
ce Hanara
no
MHOrO Cb06pameHI-!51- W,e Tp-56Ba Aa npHeMeMb, Ye OTb HaYa-
noTo Ha neTl-151 s-Et<b Henocp-EA

CTBeHaTa Ot<OnHOCTb Ha Cs.
cp!-151
np-EcTaHana
Be4e
Co)J,a
cnym1-1
3a norpe6eHH51. H Hal-1-
CTI-!Ha,
cnt)J,b t<aTO TOBa M-5CTO
cnym1-1no
3a
npoAbnmeHHe
e)J,HO
e
Ha
CTOntTHe,
61-1no
seYe
noseYe
TO Tp-56Ba
TOnt<03b
yct51HO Cb rpo6HHLI,I-I 1<1-1 cnyyai1
Cb
Het<pononb Bb
OTb
)J,a
r.'KCTO
Ha sct06p. 109. -
noseYe, OTt<On-
IO}!{ HaTa CTt.Ha Ha C.>i<.WaTa rpo6HHua Cb spaTaTa.
t<OTO HaMHpaMe )J,HeCb, nOHeme

MHOrO OTb nXb C.'K pa3pyweHI-I- )J,-5TO He e 61-1n0 Be4e Bb3MO}I{H0 Aa CTaBaTb TYI<b norpe6eHI-!51 no
CJKW.l-151 Ha41-!Hb 1-1 3a Bb 6JKAall.\e.
Het<pononbTb e Tp-E6sano
Ha Apyro M-Ec o Hnl-1 noHe )J,a 6JKAe pa3wHpeHb
BbHb OTb
cn-EAOBaTenHo Aa
no paHWHHT-E
neYHaTa Ot<OnHOCTb Ha
MY rpaHI-!l.l,l-1. Rt<o
Cs. Cocp!-151, Bb
61
C041-!XMe no-rop-E (cTp.
6JKAe np-EMtcTeHb
no-Aa-
t<051TO, t<at<TO
no-
en.) , ce cptw,aTb rpo6HHLI,I-I Ha
AOCTa ron-EMo pa3CT051HI-Ie, Momewe )J,a 6JKAe H3cnt)J,BaHa

C.'KW,O TbH nO)J,p06HO, TO Hl-!e 6e3b CbMH-EHI-!e 61-!XMe 61-1n1-1
Bb CbCT051HI-!e )J,a YCTaHOBI-!Mb
nOnO}I{I-!TenHO, nO
l<al<bBb
Ha41-!Hb ce e pa3BHBanb T031-1 o6w1-1peHb Het<pononb 1-1 1<01-1

YaCTl-1 OTb Hero CJK 61-1n1-1 Bb ynoTpt6eHHe np-E3b pa3HI-!Tt
enox1-1. 3a cera w.e ce 3a)J,OBOnHMb Aa yt<ameMb
TOBa,
4e
rpo6HI-!l.l,l-l
Mem)J,y OT!<pi-ITI-!T-5 np-53b npon-ETbTa

3aAb
HapOAHOTO Cb6paHI-!e,
caMo Ha
1912
rOA.
ot<ono 200 M. Ha
JOr0-1-13TOI<b OTb Cs . Cocp!-151, ce cptw,aTb Tat<I-!Ba , t<OI-ITO,

t<aT0-1-!MaTb BCe nat<b TBbp)J,-5 MHOrO o6w,O Cb rp06HI-!l.l,l-ln OTb
HenocptACTBeHaTa OI<OnHOCTb Ha
Ce
06p. 110. -
Be4e 3Ha41-!TenHO
rpaAemb, TaKa
.ileTaH!lb OTh csona Ha c,v;waTa
rpo6HHUa.
ron-EMa
ponS!
e Bb3MOmHO
Het<pononbTb Ha Cs.
Aa)J,e CaMO
Cocp!-151
1-1
OTb
T-531-1
l.l,bpt<BaTa,
pa3nH4aBaTb
nocn-EAHI-!T-5
t<at<TO
no CTpOHTeneHb MaTepHanb, Bb
1-1rpae
t<bMb
1-1
t<aMbl<bTb.
Ta31-!
CTpaHa
no
t<OHTO
Cn-EAoBaTenHo MHoro
Aa
ce
e npOAbnmH;lb
np-E3b neToTo 1-1 wecToTo cTontTl-151. nonomHTeneHb onosopb
we HH
nonO)J,p06HOTO 1-13Y4BaHe Ha HOBOOT!<pi-ITI-!T-5 rpo6HHLI,I-I.
Henocp-EACTBeHaTa ot<onHOCTb Ha Cs. Cocp!-151, t<at<TO 1-1 caMaTa

CJK 3ano4Hanl-l Aa cnymaTb nat H.
norpe6eHH51 Bb
MHoro
no-t<bCHO
BJKTptwHOCTb
sp-EMe,
Ha
l.l,bpt<BaTa,
Ha t<OeTO
npHHaAne-
14
106
HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. Co<jJHil
<aTb onHCaHHTi> no-ropi> (CTp.

TOBa, '-le MbpTBHTi>
OK
6HnH cnaraHH Henocpi>ACTBeHO Bb 3eM51Ta Bb AbpBeHI1
06p. 111. -
rnasaTa
OK
88 en.) 58 o6HKHOBeHH rpo6ose. Ti> ce OTnHYaBaTb npi>AH BCHYKO no

KOBYe311, KOHTO npH
llbnraTa crtHa Ha rpo6HHuaTa, oTI<pHTa npt.:Jb 1912 ron.
no-w11poKH H KbMb
KpaKaTa
nocTeneHHO
ce
crlcHSIBaTb,
TBbpAi> MHOrO cpopMaTa H8 CbBpi>MeHHHT"h norpe6anHH KOBYe3H.
Cb
KOeTo
npH T038 TpynoBeTB

rpe6saHH --
6HnH no-
naKb KaKTO Bb ceraw-
HO spi>Me Ha
HanoMHSITb
OK
BI1HarH Cb rnasaTa
JanaAb, a p~u.i>rl
c~
6HnH
CKpbCTBaHH BbpXy rbpAHTI. l) rpo6oserl ce HaMHpaTb OTYaCTH Bb

Henocpi>ACTBeHaTa
U.bpKBaTa,
OTYaCTH
OKOnHOCTb
Bb
Ha
caMaTa H
B~Tpi>WHOCTb. 3a Aa ce HanpaBSITb
TI3H nocni>AHHTi>, Heo6xOAHMO
6Hno Aa ce pa3san51 CTapHS!Tb nOAb

Ha Cs. CocpHS!, Bb Koi1To c~ 6HnH
OTBapS!HH HY<HHTi> AynKH. 2) npH
pa3KOnKHTI HaBci>K~Ai>, Ai>TO noAbTb
(Ae6enH51Tb
OKOno
33 CM.
nnacTb OTb KaMbHH H xopocaHb,

rn. CTp.
43) ce yKa3sawe pa3saneHb,
ce HaMHpaxa BHHarH rpo6ose. 0Tb

Apyra CTpaHa, HI1TO eAHHb
rpo6b
OTb T03H BHAb He ce HaMi>pH nOAb

06p. 112. -
TOBa
ce BH<Aa,
H3TOYHaTa cri;Ha Ha c,v;waTa rpo6HHua.
Ye rpo6oserl C~ nO-KbCHH OTb CaMaTa
I) Ta3H nonpo6HOCTb, KaKTO 1-1 cnt.nH OTb llbpseHHrS KOB'le3H, MO)I{aXa lla ce Ha6nJOllaBaT"b npH BCH'li<H
rpo6ose, I<OHTO 6t.xa BHHMaTenHO pa3KpHTH Bb MOe npH
CJi'\TCTBHe H I<OHTO He c,v; 6HnH pa36bpKBaHH nOpaHO-
3ApaBHTI
Mi>CTa
Ha
noAa.
0Tb
U.bPKBa.
Cb npyrH nyMH npH noseYeTo OTb rpo6oserl; Bb s,v; Tpt.wHOCTbTa Ha UbpKBaTa. C,v;woTo Ht.mo we 1pt.6sa na
npHeMeMb no aHanOfHSI H 3a OCTaHaflHTt. OT"b Tt.Xb.
~) MHoro6poi1HH norpe6eHHSI Bb caMaTa s;r;Tpt.w-
107
.D.aTa Ha KbC HHTt rpo6ose
noseYeTO OTb npt.AMennt., HaMt.peH1 Bb rt.3Y1 rpo60Be, Me>I<AY KOY1TO npt.o6Jla,[l,aBaTb 3JlaTHY1,
cpe6bpHY1 11 6pOH30BY1 npbCTeH1, He Hl-1 ,[l,aBaTb XapaKrepH1 Bb XpOHOJlOrY1YeCKO OTHOWeHY1e yKa3aHY1Sl.
np1 BCe TOBa npY16JlY13Y1Te!lHaTa ,[l,ara noHe Ha o6w,ara MaCa OTb rpo6osert. MO>I<e ,[l,a Ce Onpt.,!l,t.Jl1
Cb nOMOW,bTa Ha HaMt.peHY1Tt. Bb Ht.K01 OTb rt.Xb MOHeT1.
30BY1SlTb eK3eMnmpb orb VlsaHa U1-1MY1CXY1
(969-976
Cb~HY1reneHb 6poH30Bb eK3eMnmpb orb f\H,!l,pOHY1Ka
orb rpo6osert. Ha ct.sepHara crpaHa Ha ~bpKBara

rpOWb OTb MY1XaY1llb WY1wMaHa
(1377-1389
(1331-1365
rOA.) Orb rpo6a

r.) orb rpo6a
14.
(1323-1330
ro,!J,.)
CbMHY1TellHY1 C.-
Hai:1-crapara OTb Tt.3Y1 MOHeT1 e 6pOH-
23. Cnt.Ab rosa Y1Ae

(1222-1235 r.), HaMt.peHb Bb
rOAY1Ha) orb rpo6a
eAY1Hb
I KoMHeHb
eAY1Hb
(NQ 44-56). C1-1rypHY1 C.- ow,e eAY1Hb cpe6bpeHb
OTb rpo6a 7 Y1 e,[l,Y1Hb OTb cpb6CKY1Sl Kpa!lb na3apS!
eAY1Hb cpe6bpeHb rpowb orb VIs. RneKCaHApa
(1331-1355 r.) orb rpo6a 37. Heonpt.

1-1 ABt. 6poH30BH MOHer1 Orb rpo6oaert. 14, 21 H 43. Karo ce C.-A1 no
Aa npoY13XO>I<AaTb HaH-Ma!lKO orb KpaS! Ha X AO KpaS! Ha XIV st.Kb.
1-1 eAY1Hb orb CreaHb ,IJ,ywaHa
AMeH1 ocrasarb e,[l,Ha cpe6bpHa

rt.31-1 MOHeT1, rpo6osert. rpt.6sa
np1-1 rosa rpt.6sa Aa ce npY1eMe, ye norpe6eHY1S!Ta C.- ce 3anoYHa!lY1 ga>1<e no-paHo, Hai:1-ManKo
HaYanoro Ha
orb
st.Kb, noHe>l<e np1-1 ront.Mara pt.AKOCTb Ha MOHer1-1rt. He e st.poS~rHO, Ye cMe nonaA-
Ha!l1 Ha e,[l,Ha (VlsaHb UY1MY1CXY1), KOS!ro Aa ce e cnyYI1lla TbKMO Bb eAY1Hb orb Hai:1-crap1-1rt. rpo6ose.
npt.,!l,l-1 ,[l,a CBbpWY1Mb Ta3Y1 rnaBa Ht.Ma ,[l,a 6.-,!J,e Y13!1Y1WHO ,[l,a ,[l,a,[l,eMb CnY1CbKb Ha rpa,!l,eHY1Tt,
rp06HY1~Y1 Y1 Ha rp060sert. Bb XpOHOJlOrY1YeCKY1 pe,!l,b , TaKa KaKTO rt. C.- 61!111 OTKpY1BaHI1 Y1 OnY1CBaHY1
Bb AHeBHY1Ka Ha pa3KonKY1rt.. Bb T03Y1 cnY1CbKb naTY1HCKY1rt. ~1-1p1-1 03HaYaBarb HOMepa Ha rpo6HY1~ara no nnaHa Ha ra6n.
IX,
a apa6CKY1rt. -
HOMepa Ha
rpo6a. CapKoa3Y1rt. C.- 03HaYeHY1, Kai<TO
Y1 no-ropt. Bb reKCTa, Cb MallKY1 JlaTY1HCKY1 6yKBY1 .
naTa
1910
27 10!11-1
28
31
2 asrycrb
3
4
9
10-11
13
14
16
17
22 cenreMBp1
25
28
29
4 OKTOMBp1
naTa
rpo6H HUH, rpo6o se

H cap~<o<j>a3H
r.
(',
XXVIII.
XXVI.
d.
XXVII.
I, Ill.
II; 1-3.
IV, V; 44-56.
XXXIII.
XXXI , XXXII; 58.
57.
XXIX, XXX.
XXXIV.
9.
4.
VIII.
41-43.
HOCTb Ha UbpKBaTa HaMHpaMe OWe Bb R6o6a, Bb TbH

HapeYeHaTa nsopuo sa UbpKsa (rn. yf3stCTiSI pyeeK. ap xeon. HHeTHT. Bb KOHeTaHTHHonont X, 1905, 97- 101).
(,v;wo H Bb npyrH UbpKBH HaMHpa Me T0 3H 0 6 H'laH, Hanp.
5
6
8
14
15
16
18
19
23
27
28
29
30
1
2
5
6
OKTOMp1
rpo 6 HHUH , rpo 6 ose

H capKO<j>a3H
1910
HOeMBp1 ,
r.
IX.
XXIV, XXV.
40.
XXIII.
13-18.
XIX.
10.
XVIII; 11.
XX.
19.
XVII; 12.
20.
28, 29.
7.
26, 27.
8.
XIII; 24, 25.
Bb Cs . .ilHM HTbpb H Bb Cs. 4 eTHpHneeeTb Bb TbpHoso

(rn. M . MoeKOBb, Pa3KOnKHTt. Bb YepKOBHTt. Cs . .D.HMHTpH H H Cs . 4eTHp HneeeTb, 6 H6n . Ha B. TbpHOBeKOTO
apxeon . npy>t<. N2 2, TbpHoso 1912, eTp. 8 en. H 21 en .).
14
108
HeKpononbTb Ha ubpKBaTa Cs. CocpH51
10
11
12
15
17
22
26
HOeMBpH
naTa
rpo6HHUH, rpo6ose
H capKocpa3H
naTa
1910 r.
b.
X, XI.
VII, XVI.
35.
36.
VI, 21-23
30, 39.
27
29
30
2
8
3
HOeMBpH
rpo6HHUH, rpo6ose
H captwcpa3H
1910 r.
IJ,eKeMBpH
OI<TOMBpH
AeKeMBpH
1911 r.
31-34, 38.
XIV, XV, XXI, XXII.
37.
5, 6.
XII.
a.
06p. 113. -
Crapara MlnpononHII Bb MeceMBpHS! cnopenb enHa pHCYHKa OTb 1829 ron. ' J
rnABA V
.F\pXHTeKTypHO-HCTOpH4eCKHTt
npo6neMH
Cni>Ab KaTo ce 3ano3HaxMe noAp06Ho KaKTO Cb caMaTa Ll,bpKBa Cs. Cocp!-151, TaKa 1-1 Cb ApyrVITi> nOCTpOi1KI-1 H npi>AMeTI-1, OTKpVITI-1 npl-1 pa3KOnKI-1Ti>,
MO>t<eMb
cera
Aa
npVICTJKnHMb
KbMb
pa3-
rne>t<AaHeTO Ha OHi>31-1 BbnpOCI-1, KOVITO CaMO w,e 6JKAaTb Bb CbCT051HI-1e Aa Hl-1 Y51CH51Tb 3Ha4eHI-1eTO Ha
Ll,bpKBaTa
KaTo
apXV!TeKTypeHb
naMeTHVIKb 1-1 Hei1HOTO
Mi:>cTO
Bb
VICTOp1-151Ta
Ha
I-13KYCTBOTO.
Ti>31-1
Bbnpoc!-1 V!MaTb OT4acm xpoHonorl-14eHb, OT4acm cpopManHo-apxV!TeKTypeHb xapaKTepb. Pa3pi>wasaHeTO KaKTO Ha eAHVITi> TaKa 1-1 Ha Apyr1-1r6 He 611 npi>ACTaB51no oco6HVI TPYAHOCTI-1, aKo HV!e npV!Te>t<asaxMe CVIrypHI-1 AaHHI-1 3a spi>MeTO, KOraTo e 61-1na CbrpaAeHa Ll,bpKBaTa, 1-1 aKo caMaTa noCTpoi1Ka He
61-1 Ce TaKa pi>3KO OTnl-14aBana OTb BCI-14KO TOBa,
KOeTO
AOCera Hl-1 e I-13Bi>CTHO OTb Ll,bpKOBHaTa ap-
XV!TeKTypa Ha 6anKaHCKI-151 nonyoCTpOBb. TbKMO n1-1ncaTa Ha Ti>31-1 ycnOBI-151 npas1-1 oco6Ho TPYAHa HawaTa 3aAa4a.
Ha nbpso Mi:>cTo w.e Tpi>6sa Aa ce cnpeMb Bbpxy Bbnpoca 3a AaTaTa Ha Cs. CO<pl-151, Koi1TO
BV!Hafl-1 Cb OC06Ha HaCTOi141-1BOCTb Ce e Hanaranb Ha BCI-141<1-1, KOVITO CJK Ce 3aHV!MaBan!-1 Cb Ll,bpi<BaTa,
6e3b Aa e MOrnO Aa ce AOHAe AOCera AO Hi:>KaKBO OKOH4aTenHO 3aKnt04eHI-1e.
no
Ta31-1
np1-141-1Ha
Ha
T031-1 BbnpOCb w,e Tpi>6Ba Aa 06bpHeMb OC06HO BHV!MaHV!e, KaTO B3eMeMb npi>Ab BV!Ab 1-1 nereHAVITi>
3a Cbrpa<AaHeTo Ha Cs. Cocpl-151, KOH ro, 1<a1<TO w.e BVIAVIMb, He CJK n1-1weHI-1 OTb I-13Bi>CTHa VICTOpl-14ecKa OCHOBa.
1)
C. Sayger et f\. Desarnod, f\lbum d 'un voyage

en Turquie fait par ordre de Sa Majeste l'empereur Ni colas 1er en 1829 et 1830, Pa ris, 6eJb nara Ha HJna -
HHero, ra6n. XXI. KbMb TOJH an6yMb e HJnaneHb aHo

HHMeHb reKCTb nonb JarnasHe Relation d'un voyage en
Romelie, Paris 1834, 184 crp. 8".
110
f\pxHTeKrypHOHCTOpH'ieCKHTt. npo6neMH
Bb HaH-T"ECHa Bpb3Ka Cb ,ll,aTaTa Ha
U,bpKBaTa
Ce
HaMHpaTb H BbnpooHt
3a
MtCTOTO
Ha
Ce. CoHst Bb pa3BHTHeTO Ha apxHTeKTypaTa H11H, Cb .D.pyrH .D.YMH, 3a npOH3XO>K.D.eHHeTo Ha Hei:fHHTt.

opMH H 3a CpO,Il,CTBOTO Cb nO,Il,06HHTt HeH naMeTHHU,H. f\KO OTb e,ll,Ha
CTpaHa e etpHO, 4e CaMHTi;
apXHTeKTypHH opMH Ha U,bpKBaTa C~ Bb CbCTOSIHHe ,11,a Hl-1 ,ll,OBe,ll,aTb, 4pt3b pe,ll,HU,a cpaBHeHHSI , ,11,0
Hei:fHaTa ,ll,aTa , TO He no-MaJlKO etpHO e OTb ,11,pyra CTpaHa, 4e ,ll,aTaTa, aKO TSl MO>Ke ,ll,a Ce ycTaHOBH
no ,11,pyrb Ha4HHb, w,e HH nOC04H HaH-,Il,06pt, K~,ll,t, Tpt6sa ,ll,a TbpCHMb npOH3XO>K,Il,eHHeTO
opMH. ETO 3aw,o HHe w,e ce onHTaMe npt.D.H BCH4KO ,11,a onptAtnHMb ,ll,aTaTa Ha Cs .
Ha Tt3H
CoHst
Bb3b
OCHOBa Ha MaTepHaJla , KOHTO HH ,11,aea CaMaTa U,bpKBa, 6e3b ,11,a npH6trsaMe ,11,0 cpaBHeHHSI Cb ,11,pyrH
n0,11,06HH naMeTHHU,H. [,ll,sa CJlt,ll,b
TOBa
w,e
BH,Il,HMb,
,11,a11H
nOTBbp,ll,H H npH cpasHeHHeTo Cb APYrH naMeTHHU.H OTb
,ll,06HTHSITb
c~w,aTa
OTb
HaCb
pe3yJ1TaTb w,e Ce
enoxa.
1. ilarara Ha Cs. Co1151

HHUJ,O MO>Ke 6H He e TaKa xapaKTepHO 3a OHOBa
H3K11104HTeJ1HO
coHi1cKaTa Ce. CoHst Bb pa3BHTHeTo Ha apxHTeKrypaTa,
KaKTO
nOJlO>KeHHe,
rontMOTO
KOeTO
3aeMa
pa311H4He Ha MHtHHstTa
3a HeHHaTa ,ll,aTa. HaHCTHHa, Tt.3H MHtHHSI C~ H3Ka3BaHH BHHarH MHMOXO,Il,OMb, 6e3b ,ll,a ce pa3rne>K,Il,aTb noHe Hai:f- Ba>KHHTt. OTb Cb06pa>KeHHSITa, BbpXy KOHTO 6H MOr110 ,11,a Ce 6a3Hpa
,ll,aTHpaHeTO Ha
U,bpKBaTa . npH BCe TOBa, 06CTOSITeJ1CTBOTO, 4e npH ,ll,aTHpaHeTO Ce SlBSIBa e,ll,HO KOJ1e6aHHe OTb
Bt.Ka, nOKa3Ba,
KaKBa
ront.Ma
Heonpt,ll,tJleHOCTb
BJla,ll,te
OUJ,e
npH
HCTOpH4eCKaTa
e,ll,HHb TaKbBb 3Ha4HTeJ1eHb, HO Bb C~UJ,OTO spt.Me H3011HpaHb apXHTeKTypeHb
5-6
r.ptu,tHKa
naMeTHHKb,
Ha
KaKbBTO
e Cs. CoHst.
Hai:f-paHO, a
KaTO Ce n030BaBa
HMeHHO
ow,o Bb
H3KJ1104HTeJ1HO
Ha
IV
H11H
stKb, ,ll,aTHpa
HaMtpeHHTt.
Bb
u,bpKBaTa
HeHHaTa
E.
OKOJlHOCTb
C n p oCT p a H o s b, 1)
MOHeTH.
,ll,HHTt. o6a4e HtMaTb Bb cny4aSl 3Ha4eHHe, TbH KaTO He Ce HaMHpaTb Bb HHKaKBa

KBaTa, nopa.D.H KOeTo
Ha
caMoTo
,ll,aTHpaHe
nHncsa
nonynstpHo MO>Ke ,11,a ce noC04H MHtHHeTo, 4e U.bpKBaTa

T04HO Bb BptMeTO Ha toCTHHHaHa
(527-565
r0,11,.),
CTapoxpHCTHSIHCKOTO H3KYCTBO. ~) 06a4e H 3a
TOBa
i i:f,
KOeTO
Ce
,ll,antpaHe
3
6e3b ,11,a noco4Ba KaKBHTO H ,11,a 6H110 MOTHBH. )
,11,a npHeMe no-paHo KaTo Hai:f-stpostTHa ,11,aTa Ha
Bpb3Ka
y6t.D.HTeJ1HOCTb.
e 6Hna Cbrpa,ll,eHa npt3b
,ll,tnenHH apryMeHTH. MHoro nO-KbCHO, a HMeHHO 4aKb KbMb

pa H c K
HaH-ManKaTa
u,bpKBaTa
nO,Il,,l,bp>Ka
He
C~
Tt3H
OTb
VI
Cb
U,bp-
KaTo HaH
st.Kb H11H no-
BH,Il,HH
6H11H H3TbKHan1
X-XI st.Kb, noCTaBSl

K. VI p e 4 e K b c~w,o
XI-XIV CTontTHst, 4}
nocnt-
y4eHH
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no
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u,bpKBaTa M. C n ee 6Hnb HaKJlOHeHb

o6a4e nO-KbCHO ce
OTKa3Ba ,ll,a HKCHpa KaKBaTO H ,ll,a 6H110 ,ll,aTa. ~

[,ll,HHCTBeHHSITb, KOHTO ce e OnHTaJlb
3a ,ll,aTaTa Ha Cs. CoHst, e
rne,11,aMe no-no,11,po6Ho.
n)
F\.
n p 0 T H 4 b, 4HHTO 3aKJ1104eHHSl no Ta3H npH4HHa w,e Tpt6ea ,ll,a pa3
KaTo oCTaBSl Ha CTpaHa BCJ.14KH .D.pyrH Cb06pa>KeHHSl, rnaBH'> Tt.3H OTb apxe
OJ10rH4eCKH xapaKTepb, KOHTO 6HXa

TH4b
,ll,OCera ,11,a 060CHOBe no Hay4eHb Ha4HHb CBOeTO MHtHHe
MOrJlH ,ll,a
HH nOMOrHaTb
npH
Onpt,ll,i;JlSIHeTO
Ha
,ll,aTaTa,
npo-
Ce CnHpa H3KJ1104HTeJ1HO BbpXy apXHTeKTOHH4eCKaTa opMa Ha U,bpKBaTa, OC06HO BbpXy Ha411Ha
3a ysenl14eHHeTo Ha anTapHaTa
4aCTb, H
pa3rne>K,Il,a
Bbnpoca OTb
4HCTO
opMa11HO
rne,ll,HUJ,e. Toi:f
H311H3a OTb H3BtCTHH CXOACTBa Me>K.D.Y nnaHa Ha Cs. Co1151 11 nnaHoseTt. Ha HtKOH poMaHCKI1 u,bpKBH
Bb 3ana,ll,Ha Espona -
CXO,Il,CTBa, K011TO npt,11,11
KpbCTb , ,ll,a,ll,eHa Ha nJlaHa, H Bb TbH
I) C6opH. Ja Hap. yMOTB. XXII XXIII, 1906 7, 29.

2) Laurent, Bull . de corresp. hellen. XXII, 1898,
561 ; Strzygowski , Oesterr. Rundschau Ill, 1905, 16t
KbMb TOBa MHt.HHe ce npHCC enHHH H aBTOpbTb Ha Ha
cTOSIUlaTa I<HHra ; rn. Jahrbuch des deutschen archaeol.
lnstit. XXVI , 1911 , F\n zeiger 361. (N;UIOTO MHt.HHe e Bb3
npHenb H To pH bOBb, CnHc. Ha HH<eH .apxHT. npy<.
VI , 1901, 128.
BCH4KO Ce
H3pa3SIBaTb
Bb
Hapt4eHI1Sl KBa,ll,paTeHb CXeMaTH3bMb -
opMaTa
Ha
JlaTI1HCKI1
11 ,ll,OXa>K,Il,a ,11,0 3aKJ110-
:l) f\pxeonOfH'ieCI<i SI H3Bt.CTiSI H 3aMt.TI<H, H3naB.

MocHOBCH. apxeon. o6Uiecrs. VI , 1898, 53.
~) D ie Heerstrasse von Belgrad nach Constantinepel, crp. 91.
:,) nN;TyBaHHSI no 6unrapHS1, CTp. 14.
tl) f\pXHTei<TOHH'ieCI<aTa <flopMa Ha CO<fJHHCI<aTa
Ubpt<Ba Cs. Co<fJHSI, crp. 99-105.
1\
111
no-CTapH onHTH 3a narHpaHero Ha Cs. Cocjm51
YeHI1e, Ye Cs . Cocpi-151 e nocrpoeHa nOAb BI11151HI1eTo Ha poMaHeKara apx11Te1<rypa 11 Ye no ra311 np1-1'-111Ha TSI He Mo>+<e Aa ee Aan1pa no HI1KOK HaYI1Hb npi:.A11 IX si:.Kb, TbK Karo e,[l,Ba npi:.3b rosa spi:.Me
ce no51B515aTb 3a npbBb ni'i'.Tb Bb 3ana,[l,Ha Espona BbnpoeH11Ti:. oeo6HoeTI1. 8b3b oeHoBa Ha Apyrl1 BTOpoereneHH11 ebo6pa>+<eHI151 TOK np11eMa, Ye U,bpt<Bara rpi:.6sa Aa e 611na noerpoeHa l<bMb XI 11n11 XII
Bi:.l<b, KaTO 0651eH51Ba 3ana,[l,HOTO BJII151HI1e Ypi:.3b 1<pbeTOHOeHI1Ti:. nOX0,[1,11.
f\1<0 na>+<e ,[l,onyeHeMb, Ye
TaKa roni:.MO, l<ai<TO
np11eMa
Hal1eTI-1Ha
exo,[l,eTBOTO
npOTI1 '-Ib , 11 ye
TOBa
Ha Cs. Cocp1151 eb
eXO,[l,eTBO
poMaHeKI1Ti:. U.bpi<B11
He 611 MOriiO ,[l,a ee 0651eH11 no Apyrb
HaYI1Hb, OeBi:.Hb Ypi:.3b Henoepi:.,[J,eTBeHO BJII151HI1e OTb 3ana,[J,b,

Ha'-111Hb 3a ,[l,aT11paHe 611 11Manb roni:.Ma MeTOA11YHa rpi:.w1<a.
Bee nal<b 1136paH1151Tb OTb np0TI1Ya
Ubp!<OBHara
apx11reKrypa Bb Op11eHTa
11 Ta311 Bb 3ana,[l,Ha Espona ee pa3BI1BaTb np11 ebBbpweHo pa3I111YHI1 yenOBI151 , KOI1TO npi:.AI13B11l<BaTb
11 pa3JII1'-IHI1 pe3ynraT11 - KonKOTO noseye ee OT,[l,aneYaBaMe OTb nbpB11Ti:. spi:.MeHa Ha xp11eTI151HeTBOTO,
TOJII<03b 11 Ti:.311
pa3JII141151 eTaBaTb Bee no-YyBeTBI1TeJIHI1.
yeJIOBI151, 113Bi:.eTHI1 apX11Tel<rypH11 cpopM11,

n051BaTb
Ha
Apyro
Mi:.eTO
MHOrO
np11 TOBa, 6naro,[J,apeHI1e Ha
1<011TO HaM11paMe
nO-KheHO,
611n0
Ha e,[l,HO
Ypi:.3b
pa3I111YHI1Ti:.
Mi:.eTO no-paHO, MOraTb ,[l,a ee
eaMoeT051TeJIHO
pa3B11THe, 611JIO Ypi:.3b
BbHWHO Bnl1stHI1e. Ero 3aw,o MeTOAI1YeeKI1 ebsei:.Mb norpi:.weHo e, Aa ee Aar11pa
eA11Hb apX11TeKry-
peHb naMeTH11l<b OTb Op11eHra 1131<IIIOYI1TenHo Ypi:.3b epaBHeHI1e eb nOA06H11 naMeTH11U.I-1 OTb 3ana,[l,Ha
Espona. no Ta311 np11'-111Ha, I<OJII<OTO 11 ,[l,a ei'i'. u,i:.HHI1
npbBb oni1Tb 3a
HayYHOTO ,[l,aT11paHe
np11Be,[l,eHI1Ti:. OTb npoTI1Ya ebo6pa>+<eHI151 l<aTO
Ha Cs. Cocp1151, A0611TI151Tb OTb Hero pe3ynraTb He e YAOBJie-
TBOp11TeneHb.
neeHO 611 611n0 ,[l,a ee ,[J,OI<a>He, ,[l,a>He Bb3b oeHOBa eaMO Ha apX11Tei<TOHei<I1Ti:.
cpOpM11 Ha U,bp-
I<BaTa, Ye Cs. Cocp1151 He 611 Morna Aa AaT11pa OTb TOJII<03b KbeHo spi:.Me, OTb XI 11n11 XII croni:.THF'.
npi:.Ab BI1,[J,b o6aye Ha TOBa, Ye Hl1e pa3nonaraMe eb MHOrO n0-e11rypH11 cpa!<T11, OTI<OJII<OTO Ti:.311 cpopMaJIHI1 ebo6pa>HeHI-<51, Hi:.Ma ,[l,a ee en11paMe noBeYe Bbpxy Ti:.Xb. 1) He!<a BI1,[1,11Mb npi:.AI1 Bel-1 '-11<0, Kai<BO
Hl1 yYaTb pa3l<Oni<I1Ti:. 3a ,[l,aTaTa Ha U,bp!<BaTa.
Cs. Cocp1151 Mo>+<e Aa e 611na ebrpa,!l,eHa eaMo eni:.Ab pa3pywaBaHeTo Ha sropara u,bp!<Ba eb
ropH1151 M03ai1YeHb nO,[l,b OTb HaYaJIOTO Ha
neTI151
paHO OTb Bropara nonos11Ha Ha ei'i'.W.I151 Bi:.l<b.

,[l,aT11paHI1
Bb
Bi:.l<b (rn.
Orb Apyra
58), T. e. eb Apyrl1 AYMI1 He no-
erpaHa KbeHI1Ti:. rpo6ose Bb Cs. Cocp1151,
X-XIV si:.Kb, 3a I<011TO e 611nb pa3BaJI51Hb no,[l,bTb Ha u,bp!<BaTa, noKa3BaTb, Ye Ta311
noeni:.AHSITa HaK-KbeHo npi:.3b
Bi:.l<b rpi:.6sa seye Aa e ei'i'.w,eeTBysana. Ti:.311 Kpai1HI1 rpaH11U.11 MO-
raTb ow.e Aa ee eri:.eHSITb . KonKOTO pa3I111YHI1 11 Aa ei'i'.

He e 11MaJIO ebMHi:.HI1e BbpXy TOBa, Ye T51 He e
naMeTH11U,I1Ti:.,
erp.
611na
MHi:.HI151Ta 3a ,[l,aTaTa Ha Cs. Cocp11S1, HI1Kora

eTpOeHa
Bb
6bnrapei<O Bpi:.Me. Vi
1<011TO 11MaMe 3a erap06bnrapet<aTa apX11Tei<Typa, Ma!<apb
3a eAHO no-noApo6Ho epaBHeHI1e 11 Aa npo113XO>+<AaTb npi:.11Myw.eeTBeHo

nal+<a 11
no
1) 3a na nom<ptnH cso51 Bb3rnenb, nporH'lb H3Ka3sa HtKOH TBbpJleHH51, KOHTO He OHOBap51Tb HanbnHO
Ha cpaKTHTt. TaKa Hanp . TBbpneHHero (crp. 1G1), 'le .. caMo
Bb 3anaL!HHTt, H30 6WO KaTOflH'leCKHTt CTpaHH, UbpKOBHaTa apXHTeKrypa HMa CTporo H CaMOCT051TenHO H3L!HfH8Tb Hanpt'leHb KOpo6b" - TBbpL!eHHe, KOeTO Bb noHOBO sptMe ce nonubpmawe H OTb F\. R-i e. g I (Zur Entstehung der altchristlichen Ba silika , Bb Jahrbuch der K .
K. Zentrai-Kommission, Neue Folge I, 1903, 216 3a6. 2)
- ce onposeprasa OTb no-HOBHTt HaXuL!K'-1, KOHTO noKa3BaTb, 'le Hanpt4HH51Tb Kopa6b ce e pa3BHnb owe
TBbpnt paHo H Bb OpHeHra (XHepanonHCb, CaMorpaKe,
Caranacocb H np. ; rn . no-nont Bb rna sa V 3). Or<JaCTH
HestpHo e H TBbpneHHero (crp . 102), '-le nHncara Ha eMnopH 61-1no Htwo MHOro ptnKo Bb BH3aHTH51 H ManaFI3H51. 3a .. BH 3a HTH51" rosa Htwo e npaso . o6a'-le eMnopHrt nHnCBaTb nO'lTH BHHarH Bb ManOa3H51TCKHTt UbpKBH H T83H flHnca CbCTCIBSI enHa OTb OCOOHOCTHTl:' HMb,
apX11Te~<rypHa
Hal1eTI1Ha
11 ,[l,a ei'i'. TBbpAi:. Oel<i'i'.,[l,H11

OTb nO-KbeHo spi:.Me, 2) see
3aMI1ebilb ra1<asa
rpaMa,[l,Ha
pa3JII1Ka
nO KOHTO Tt Ce OTflH'laBaTb OTb BH3aHTHi:icKHTt. (bBbpWeHO norptWHO e TBbpL!eHHeTO (crp. 102), 'le KpbCTaTHrt CBOJlOBe 6HnH He H3TO'leHb, a 3ananeHb Ha'-IHHb
Ha 3aCBOJl51BaHe H 'le Ha H3TOKb , Bb BH 3a HTH51 H ManaF\ 3H51, 3a CBOJl51 Ba HeTO Ha UbpKOBHHrt nocTpOHKH 6HnO
uHnHHL!pl-1'-leCKO. BtpHo e caMo , <Je Bb OpHeHra KpbCTaTHSITb CBOJlb HHKOfa He e JlOCTHfHanb TaKOBa p83BHTHe,
KaKBOTO e HManb Bb fOTH'leCKI-151 CTHflb Ha 3anaL!b.
~) Ha nbpso Mtcro 61-1 rpt6sano na cnoMeHeMb
rontMara 6a3HnHKa Bb F\6o6a (vbstcri11 pyccK. apxeon.
HHCTHT Bb KoHcraHTHHonont X, 1905, 104-148), '-11-i!HO
nara o6a'-!e He e cHrypHa. Orb no-KbCHO sptMe rnasHHTt naMeTHHUH elf.. Cs. llHMHTbpb H Cs. '-lerHpHnecerb
Bb TbpHOBO, a TaKa Clf..WO H pa3KOnaHaTa HanocntJlbKb
MOHaCTHpCKa UbpKBa Bb MtCTHOCTbTa narneiiHa npH
nptcnaBb. 3a H<aflOCTb 3a na3eHH Clf.. CbBCtMb ManKO naMeTHHUH, OC06HO OTb nbpBOTO 6bnrapCKO uapCTilO, na
H Tt OWe CbBCtMb He Clf.. H3CntnB8HH.
112
F\pXHTeKTypHO HCTOpHYeCKHTi; npo6JJeMH
Bb cpasHeHI1e Cb Cs. Co<P11S!, A-Ero no HI1KO?i Ha411Hb He e Bb3MO<HO ,[l,a ce np11n11we ra311 noc11-E,1J,
HSITa nocrpo?lt<a Ha 6b11rapct<oro sp-EMe . C11-EAOBaTe11HO H-EMa HI1Kat<so CbMH-EH11e, 4e TSl e 61111a Cbrpa,[J,eHa np-E3b sp-EMe
Ha
Bl13aHTI1HCKOTO
B11a,IJ,I14ecrso
Bb Co<P11Sl,
rpa,[J,a OTb KpyMa Bb 809 ro,IJ,., 611110 c11-E,1J,b na,[l,aHeTo Ha
611110
np-EA11 np-Es3eMaHero Ha
nbpsoro 6bnrapct<o uapcrso OTb 1018 AO
1186 ro,D,. Brop1151Tb nep110.D.b rp-E6sa ,D,a ce 113KJJI0411, noHe<e Ubpt<sara, t<at<TO B11.D.-ExMe OTb HaM-EpeH11T-E Bb HeSl rpo6ose, e ctKw,ecrsysa11a HaH-KbCHO Bb
,IJ,eceTI1Sl
s-Et<b. CaM11r-E rpo6ose ,[l,a<e no-
Ka3BaTb, 4e TSl rpi;6sa ,D,a e Cbrpa,D,eHa 3Ha411Te11HO no-paHO, TbH KaTO np11 C110>t<HOTO ycrpOHCTBO Ha
HeHHI1Sl
nO,IJ,b
(rn. crp.
43)
He e s-EpoS!THO, ye Hact<opo
11
cn-E,D,b Cbrpa<,D,aHero
CIK 3ano4Ha1111 ,D,a
pa3Ba11S!Tb T0311 no,IJ,b, 3a ,IJ,a norpe6sarb Bb Hel'l. Ocrasa Hl1 C11-E,D,osare11HO ,D,a np11eMeMb, ye TSl e 61111a
Cbrpa,D,eHa np-E.D.11 np-Es3eMaHero Ha Coq,1151 OTb KpyMa Bb 809 ro,D,. 1)
Orb t<a3aHoro AO ryt<b crasa S!BHO, Ye Cs.
Coq,11Sl
npo,[J,b11<eHI1e Ha rp11r-E cro11-ET11Sl OTb t<paS! Ha neTI1Sl AO t<paS!
Morna ,D,a
671'\,D,e
nocrpoeHa
caMo Bb
Ha OCMI1Sl s-Et<b. Ocrasa Hl1 cera ,[l,a
BI1,D,11Mb, ,D,a1111 11MaMe ,D,OCTaTb4HO yt<a3aHI1Sl, 3a ,D,a onpi;,D,t,1111Mb nO-T04HO HeHHaTa ,D,aTa.
nbpBOTO yt<a3aHI1e Hl1 ,[l,aBa CTp011TeJlHI1S!Tb Marep11a11b. Kat<TO TYX1111T-E, TaKa
Ha Cs. Coq,1151 ce cxo>t<,IJ,aTb Hanb11HO Cb r-E311 Marep11a1111 OTb Apyrl1
nocrpo?it<l1
11 xopocaHbTb
y HdCb, t<OI1TO Cb
ro11-EMa s-EpoS!THOCTb ce np11n11csarb Ha IOCT11HI1aHosara enoxa, l<aro X11capct<ara t<p-EnoCTb Bb n11oBKJOcTeH,IJ,I111b.~)
AI1BCKO 11 Hai1-crap11T-E 4aCTI1 OTb t<p-EnocTbTa Bbpxy X11cap11bt<a Bb

pat<repb Ha rpa,D,e<a Cs. Coq,1151 cro11 TBbp.D.-E 6111130 AO
pa31111411e Bb np-EAHa3Ha4eHI1ero Ha
KOHTO Bb rosa OTHoweHI1e ,[l,a
r-E311
not<a3sa
X11capct<ara
AB-E nocrpo11t<l1.
T011K03b ro11-EMo
E.D.sa1111
t<p-EnoCTb,
11Ma
APYfb
CXO.D.CTBO Cb Cs.
CtKw,o 11 no xa-
Bbnp-Et<11
nb11HOTO
naMeTHI1Kb
Co<P11Sl,
spara Ha X11capct<ara t<p-EnoCTb, TbH Hape4eHI1T-E ,KaMI11111" (o6p . 114).n) VI rytt<Hara
natt<b Bb W11p01<11 n110CKOCTI1, C/KW,aTa 1111nca Ha Kai<B11TO 11 ,D,a 611110 npoq,111111, C/KW,I1ri; npoCTI1 1111HI111, 1<011TO CbCTaBS!Tb OT1111411Te11H11T-E 4epT11
11 Ha
rpa,D,e<a Ha
Cs. Coq,I1Sl.
np11 TOBa 11 Ha
,D,Bi;Tt, M-ECTa HaM11paMe n011yt<p1Kfl111n HI1W11, ynorpi;6eHI1 no C/KW,I1Sl Ha411Hb KaTO e,D,I1HCTBeHO cpi;,D,CTBO 3a O>t<I1BS!BaHe Ha W11p0t<I1T-E n110CI<OCTI1 Ha CT-EH11n.
Ow,e
n0-r011-EMO 3Ha4eHI1e 11Ma 3a HaCb nb11HOTO CXO,IJ,CTBO Me<.D.Y Ha411HI1Tt,,
HanpaseHI1 no,D,oser-E Ha Cs. Coq,1151 11 Ha no-crapara Ubpt<sa Ha HeHHOTO M-Ecro
s-Et<b (r11. crp.
43
11
53).
no
1<011TO C/K
OTb Ha4a110TO Ha
Co1111,D,Hara no,D,110<t<a Ha no,IJ,a, CbCTOSlw,a ce OTb n11aCTb p-E4HI1 t<aMbHI1,
Bbpxy KOHTO c11-E.D.Ba ,IJ,e6e11b n11acTb OTb Sll<b xopocaHb
Cb t<epaMI1,1J,I1, e 61111a BI1Harl1 Heo6xO,IJ,I1Ma,
Koraro no,IJ,bTb e rp-E6sa110 ,D,a 6tK.D.e not<p11Tb Cb M03al1t<a, t<at<TO e c11y4a51Tb np11
Ubpt<Bara OTb
B-Et<b. np11 Cs. Coq,I1Sl, Mat<apb nO,IJ,bTb Be4e ,D,a He e 11Ma11b M03ai1Ka OTb Ape6HI1 KaMb4eTa, 3ana3eHa e ctKw,ara nO,ll,JlO<t<a . Tosa H-Ew,o not<a3Ba, Ye ,D,BaTa no,D,a He Morarb ,D,a 6tK,D,aTb MHoro or,D,a11e4eHI1 no sp-EMe, noHe<e no-KbCHO, Koraro M03ai14HI1S!Tb nO,D,b e 11311-E3b11b OTb ynorp-E6eHI1e, 113
1111WHa e 61111a Be4e Tat<aBa
C01111,ll,Ha
nO,IJ,JlO>t<Ka,
crpa,D,I1 . Cn-E,D,osarenHo 11 rosa o6CTOS!Te11CTBO
I<OS!TO ,[J,i;ikTBI1TeJ1HO He Ce
11.D.e ,D,a
norsbp.D.11, ye Cs.
HaCt<OpO C11-E,D,b Ubpt<BaTa Cb BT0p11Sl M03al14eHb nO,IJ,b, a 11MeHHO,

Cb X11capct<ara t<p-Enocrb, ow,e np-E3b weCTI1Sl
Kat<TO
cpi;w,a Bb nO-I<bCHI1
Coq,1151 e 611na
Cbrpa,D,eHa
nOKa3BaTb 11 cpaBHeHI1S!Ta
s-Et<b.
Ao CIKW,OTO 3aK11104eHI1e Hl1 ,D,OBe<,D,aTb 11 .D.pyrl1 H-E1<o11 oco6HOCTI1 Ha Ubpt<sara, KOI1TO

t<apb 11 ,D,a He yt<a3BaTb Ha T04HO <PI1t<C11paHa ,IJ,ara, see
natopMa.
1) npoTHYb (Cs. Co<jJH5!, CTp. 104), Memny npyrHT-t BTOpOCTeneHHH Cb06pameHH5! 3a KbCHaTa naTa Ha
enHa TaKaBa COJlHllHa noCTpOHKa, K05!TO H Bb nHeWHO

sp-tMe 6H Morna na 6;v;ne pa3pyweHa 6bp3o caMo Yp-t3b
Cs . Co<jm5!, npHsemna H Toea, Ye, aKo UbpKsaTa 611 6Hna

cbrpaneHa no-paHo, T5! CHrypHo w-tna na 6;v;ne pa3pyweHa OTb KpyMa npH np-tsJeMaHeTO Ha CocjJH5!. He3aBHCHMO OTb 06CT05!TeJJCTBOTO, Ye TOBa npi;nnOJJO)I{eHHe He
nOYHBa Ha HHKaKBH cpaKTH , TO e HenonyCTHMO H no
B3pHBHH seweCTsa, ensanH e 61-1110 no CHJJHT. HMb. Ha

BC-tKH CJJyYaH TO 6H 61-1110 CbBbpWeHO 6e3U-tJJHO H He
npyrH npHYHHH. KpyMOBHT. BOHHHUH c;v; MOrJJH HaHcTHHa. KaTO e3HYHHUH, na Orpa65!Tb UbpKBaTa H na OnO)I{apaTb HeHHaTa BiYiTpi;WHOCTb. 06aYe Cb6ap5!HeTO Ha
6H rH Bb3HarpanHJJO HH Hai1-MaJJKO Ja HJry6eHHSI Tpynb

H spi;Me, KOeTO Ti; Ci'i'i MOrJJH na H3nOJJ3yBaTb MHOfO no
no6pi; Bb rpa6emb.
~ ) Cp. 6. <t>HJJOBb,
J...iJs-tcTHSI
Ha
6bJJr. apxeon .
npym. II, 1911, 113 H 142 en.

:l) 6 . <f>HJJOBb. UHT. M. CTp. 116-120.
---
113
DaTaTa Ha Ca. Co<j>HSJ
KynonHaTa nonyccpepa no4HBa Henocpi>nCTseHo Bbpxy apKHTt, 6e3b HHKal<bBb 6apa6aHb nOAb He51.
v13stcTHo e, ye T03H nocni>AHH51Tb ce no51B51Ba TBbpAi> paHo, l<bMb V si>Kb, H K'bMb IX si>Kb A06Hsa
Be4e sceo6w,o ynoTpi>6eHHe .1) npH Cs. CocjJH51 o6aye He ce cpi>w,aTb ow,e HHI<31<BH 3343Tbl.I,H OTb
Hero , TbH 4e KynOJlbTb HM3 ow,e nbpBOH343JlH3T3 H3HCTapa cjJopMa.
HOCH
Cli'\.W,H51 CTapHHeHb
noAKynOilHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO
xapaKTepb. KaKTO H Tpi>6sa Aa 6;r;.Ae npH eAHa KynonHa
pHTi> api<H, Bbpxy I<OHTO e CJlOH<eHb KynOJlbTb,
He Ce OTB3p51Tb Ha
eAH3 H Cli'\.W,3
6a3HilHKa, 4eTHBHC04HHa
l<bMb
rJlaBHI-151 11 l<bMb Hanpi>4HI151 1<0pa6H (rn. pa3pi>3HTi> Ha T36Jl . XII H XIV 2) . noHe<e Hanpi>4HH51Tb 1<0'
pa6b e 3H34HTeJlHO nO-HHCbl4HH
(12
M. cp-fiw,y
ap1<11, ci>sepHaTa H IO<HaTa ,
06p. 114. -
16'10
c;r;.w,o
M. Bb rJ13BHI151 1<0pa6b), TO OTBOpbTb Ha AB-fiT-fi

no-HHCblw,y
1490
M. npH APY
IOmHaTa apaTa (KaMHnHrt) Ha XHcapcKaTa Kpt.noCTb Bb nnoanHBCKO.
rHT-fi AB-fi ap!<H). npoCTpaHCTBOTO Me<AY Bbpxa Ha rl3H nO-HHCI<H
api<H H IleH<aW,HT-fi
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13
ap!<H, I<OHTO o6pa3yBaTb OCHOBaTa Ha Kynona, e H3nbJ1HeHO Cb M3CHBH3 3HA3pH51 (rn. o6p.
Ti>Xb
H
14).
Ta1<osa e pa3npi>Ai>IleHHeTo Ha nOAKynoilHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO H npH u,apHrpaACI<aTa Cs. CocjJH51, CbrpaAeHa Bb u,apysaHeTo Ha IOcTHHHaHa, Kai<TO 1-1 np11 conyHcKaTa Ca. CocjJH51, K051TO npHHaAJle<H
6nH3HTeJlHO Ha Cli'\.W,OTO Bpi> Me (rn . no-rop-fi CTp. 48 3a6. 1). np11
nO-I<bCHHT-fi
BI133HTHHCI<H
npH-
!<pbCTO
BHAHH U,bpi<BH r!l3BHH51Tb H HanpE4HH51Tb 1<0pa6H HM3Tb Cli'\.W,3T3 BHC04HH3- nO TOBa HMeHHO rl, ce H
OTJ1H43B3Tb OTb 6a3HJlHI<3JlH3T3
cjJopMa -
BCil-fiACTBHe Ha
I<OeTO H 4eTHpHT-fi api<H
Ha
KynoJla Ce
OTB3p51Tb Ha eAH31<B3 BHC0411H3.

Hai1-nocni> ocTasa Aa Ka<eMb Hi>KOJli<O AYMH H 3a CBOAOBeTi> Ha Ca. Co1151, 3a Aa aHAHMb,
A3JlH H Ti> OTrOBap51Tb Ha nOC04eHaTa A3Ta . no-ropi> (CTp.
26 CJl. H 29)
aeye cnoMeHaxMe, 4e Ca. CocjJH51
e 33CaOAeHa u,-fina Cb AB-fi sapHaU,HH Ha 1<pbCT3TH51 CBOAb, rpaAeHb 6e3b AbpaeHa nOAJlO<I<a (sans cin-
I) Cp R. C hoi s y, L 'art de batir chez les Byzantin s, Paris 1883, CTp. 66; Jos. S t r z y go w ski, Kleinasien ,
CTp. 174; Ch. Diehl , M anuel d'art byzantin, Paris 1910,

CTp. 160 3a6. 2.
15
114
A pxHreKrypHo-HeropH YeeKHTi> n po6neM H
1
trage). ) Ta31-1 TeXHHKa, K051TO ce cptw,a Bb OpHeHTa ow,e TBbp.D.t paHo, npHHa,ll,Jie<H KbMb OTlli-141-1TenHHTt 6tnt31-1 Ha BH3aHTHi1CKOTO CTpOHTellHO I-13KYCTBO. ~) 3a HaCb
o6a4e e OC06HO Ba>HHO 06CT0-
51TellCTBOTO, 4e KpbCTaTH51Tb CBO,ll,b 6e3b ,ll,bpBeHa nO,ll,JIO>HKa, OTb C?!'.W,I-151 THnb, KaKTO ro HaMHpaMe Bb
rnaBHI-151 Kopa6b Ha Cs.
Cocjm51
(rn.
29
cTp.
1-1
22),
o6p.
Cocjm51 ow,e OTb 4eTBbpTH51, a MO<e 61-1 1-1 OTb TpeTI-151 stKb.
6Hnb Bb
ynoTpt6eHHe
Tosa Htw,o ce BH<Aa
Bb
caMaTa
OTb .D.Bt
rpa-
,D,eHH rpo6HHU,H, 3acso,D,eHH no T03H Ha4HHb, OTb KOHTO e,D,HaTa npHHa,D,ne<H KbMb HeKponona Ha Cs.
Cocjm51 1-1 e onHcaHa no-ropt (CTp. 86 nO,D,b
TpeTI-151 stKb, 6t OTKpHTa Ha
1-1 Cs.
10
28), a .D.pyraTa, K051TO ,D,an-1pa stpo51THO ow,e OTb
anpHllb
1909
cnt,D,sa,
4e Cs. Cocjm51,
ro,LJ,. Bb 3ana,D,HaTa 4aCTb Ha rpa,D,a, Ha YllHLI,elTt noMCKa
KHpH11b 1-1 MeTO,ll,l-1 . '1)

0Tb Ka3aHOTO ,ll,OTYKb
npt3b sptMeTo OTb t<pa51 Ha V AO Kpa51 Ha IX stKb,

n1pa
ow,e
Bb caMOTO Ha4ano Ha T03H
K051TO e Morna
,D,a
6JK,D,e nocTpoeHa caMo
MO<e Cb ~ai:i-rontMa stpo51THOCTb ,D,a ce ,D,a-
nepHO.D.b, a HMeHHO
Bb VI stKb. 06a4e HHe ow,e He cMe
H34epnanH BCH4KH apryMeHTH, KOI-1TO MoraTb ,D,a ce npY!Be,D,aTb Bb non3a Ha TOBa 3at<11104eHI-1e . H1-1e
w,e Bl-1,ll,I-1Mb nO-,ll,OJlt, 4e KbMb C?!'.W,I-151
pe3y11TaTb Hl-1 ,ll,OBe>H,D,aTb 1-1 nereH,D,V!Tt 3a Cbrpa>H,D,aHeTO Ha
U,bpKBaTa, KaKTO 1-1 nO,ll,p06HaTa aHa1ll-13a Ha
Hei1HaTa
apX1-1TeKTOHCKa cpopMa. np1-1
CbBna,D,eHHeTO Ha
BCI-14KI-1 Tt31-1 3aKJ1104eHI-151, ,D,061-1H1 no pa3HI-1 nJKTI-1W,a 1-1 Cb pa3HI-1 cpt,D,CTBa, ,D,aTY!paHeTO Ha U,bpKBaTa
Bb VI stKb MO<e ,D,a ce C41-1Ta 3a OKOH4aTenHo ycTaHoseHo.
2. nereHllVI 3a CbrpamnaHeTo Ha Cs. Cocpvt51

,Il,HeCb e,D,sanl-1 C?Kw,ecTsysa ow,e Me<.uy MtCTHOTO
,D,aHeTo Ha Cs. Cocpl-151, KaKsaTo
Ha
MeHe
noHe He Ml-1
HaceneHI-1e HtKaKsa nereH,D,a 3a Cbrpa<-
ce y,D,a,D,e ,D,a 4Y51
OTb HI-1K?K,ll,t.
1-1
Hai-1CTI-1Ha
MHOrO stp051THO e, 4e CbBbpWeHOTO I-130CTaB51He Ha U,bpKBaTa, KaKTO OTb Typu,~o-nt, TaKa 1-1 OTb Xp1-1CTI-151HHTt, Bb npO.D.bll<eHI-1e Ha nose4e OTb 4eT1-1p1-1,D,eceTb ro,D,Y!HI-1, e .D.OnpV1Hecno TBbp.D.t
CK?KCBaHeTo Ha cTapHTt Tpa,D,V!U,I-11-1. 3a w,acTHe nereH,D,HTt 3a
MHoro 3a
cbrpa<,D,aHeTo Ha Cs. Cocpl-151 cJK 3ana-
3eHH, 6naro,D,apeHI-1e Ha 6tnt<KHTt Ha CTapHTt n?KTeweCTBeHHU,I-1, KOHTO C?K MY1Hasan1-1 npt3b Cocpl-151.
,Il,oKOllKOTO Ml-1 e I-13BtCTHO, npbBb oT6tnt3sa
e,D,Ha
TaKasa nereH,D,a ,D,anMamHeU,bTb B p a H 4 1-1 4 b
(Antonius Verantius), KOHTO noctTHllb Cocpl-151 npt3b 1553 ro,D,. KaTO Ka3sa Hai1-Hanpt,D,b, 4e no Tosa
sptMe Cocpl-151 e 61-1na OTBopeHb rpa.D.b,
CTI-11lb, se4e He ce ynoTpt651sa, HO
BpaH41-14b
npo,D,b1l>Hasa: ,HMa
CTapa U,bpKBa
OTb rpbU,KI-1
HtMaXb sptMe ,D,a 5I BH,D,a; o6a4e <I-1Te1li-1Tt Ml-1 pa3npas51xa 3a
He51, 4e HMano e,D,I-1Hb rpbU,KI-1 u,apb, Koi1To 3ae,D,HO Cb <eHa Cl-1 n041-1Tanb KaTe 3aW,I-1THI-1u,a
cs. Cocpl-151;
TOH ~ Cbrpa,D,I-11lb xpaMb Bb Uap1-1rpa,D,b, a <eHa MY Bb Ynnl-1aHa (Cocpl-151). 0Tb Tosa sptMe nptcTasa
,D,a ce ynoTpt651sa HMeTo Ynn1-1aHa KaTe ce 3aMtCT51 Cb Cocp1-151". 4 ) KaKTO ce BH<Aa OTb rl31-1 AYMI-1,
reH,D,aTa ce 51B51Ba y BpaH41-14a Bb CbBctMb Heonpt,D,tneHa
1) Tpi;6a3 na ee 3a6tni>H<H, ye eaonoaert Ha Ca.

Co1111 He orroaapllTb HanbnHo Ha repMHI-la ,MOHaerHpeKH eBOJlb ." KOHTO 61; ynorpi;6eHb no-ropi; npH rnXHOTO
onHeaHHe. a e,v; eaMo HeroaH aapHaUHH. CaonoaeTi> Bb
Hanpi>YHHil Kopa6r. HMaTb no nHaroHana eH ena6o
H 3 n ,; K H a J1 b p,v;6b (3a KOHerpyKUHilTa ep. ( h 0 iS y, IIHT.
eb4 . erp. 50 en.), no KOeTO ee OTnHYaaaTb OTb eN;WHHeKHil
MOHaeTHpeK'l eBOUb eb BJlnN;6HaTH J1HarOH3nHH p,v;6oa e (voOte de eloitre, Klostergewolbe HnH bohmisehe
Kappe; ep. Choisy, UHT. eb4. crp. 105 en .). 06aYe OTb
npyra erpaHa BbpXbTb Ha ri>3H eaonoae (12 M.) ee HaMHpa nO-BHeOKO OTb apKHrn, Ha KOHTO rl; ee Kpi>nllTb
(1070 M.). no ra3H eaoll oeo6eHoerb rl; ee exoH<narb
eb MOHaCT.<peKHil eBOJlb KaTO ee OTJIH4aBaTb OTb 06HKHOBeHHil KpbeTaTh eaonh (voOte d'arete, Kreuzrippengewolbe). npH KOHTO BbpXbTb ee HaMHpa Ha eN;UJOTO HHBO
eb apKHrl; Ha OeHOB3Ta, Beni;neraHe Ha KOeTO JlHarOHan-
ne-
cpopMa, 6e3b ,D,a ce HMeHysaTb n1-1u,aTa.
HHli> p,v;6oae e,v; eHnHo H3nN;KHanH H nonyYaBaTb enHneoaHnHa opMa (,v;woro MOH<e na ee KaH<e H 3a eaonoaeri; Bb rnaBHHil Kopa6b Ha Ca. Co1111 (erp. 29 H
o6p 22), eb Ta 3H eaMO pa3nHKa , Ye ffiXHHTh JlHaroHanHH
p,v;6oBe e,v; ebBei>Mb H3paaHeHH (3a KOHCTpyKUHilTa HMb
ep . (hoisy, UHT. eb4. erp. 38 en .), Beni;neTBHe Ha KOeTO
Th ee npH6nHH<aBaTb KbMb luHnHHllpi'JYeeKHTh eBOJlOBe
(voOte en bereeau, Tonnengewolbe ' .
~) (hoisy UHT. eb4. erp. 49 en .; ep. H erp. 154;
Die hI , UHT. ebY . erp. 89 H 159.
:;) vbateTHil Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npyH<. I, 1910, 22 2.
1) naeaH<a npi>nasaMb enopenb npi;aona Ha P.
Matkovic, Rad jugoslavenske akademije LXXI, 1884, 31
en. CaMoTo ebYHH eHHe Ha BpaiiYHYa (Iter Buda Hadrianopolim anno 1553 exaratum ab Antonio Verantio) He
MH 6i>we nocr,v;nHO (H3aaneHo Bb Monumenta Hungariae historiea, Seriptores II 288-334).
iI
115
nereHnH 3a Cbrpa<naHeTO Ha Cs. Co<j>Hll
np11 TOBa 3acny>.asa ,[1,3 ce 113Tbi<He, ye TYI<b coqm~cJ<aTa Cs. Co1151 ce ryp51 BeYe Bb
e,[J,H011MeHHaTa He~ ll,bpKBa Bb Ll,ap11rpa,[J,b -
CBpb3Ka Cb
Hi;LU,O, KOeTO nO-I<bCHO, J<aJ<TO LU,e BI1,[1,11Mb, Ci'K npa-
611!111 11 MHoro Apyr11 asrop11.

(;y;;LU,aTa nereHAa ce 51B51Ba Bb Apyra
nocnaHHI1Ka CI1HLJ,eHIIopcpb, Kororo TO~
1577 ro,[J,.
W sa~ rep a, AYXOBHI1J.aBallb np11
Wsa~repb B11Ai;llb Cs Co1151 J<aTo A>HaMI151,
OTI1BaHeTo
MY Bb
Ll,ap11rpaAb
npi;3b
K051TO ce HaM11pana cpi;LU,y xaHa, Ai;To 611!111
cni;3n11. losopi;no ce, Ye 611na cbrpaAeHa OTb cs. EneHa, K051TO 611na 113npareHa OTb 6aLU,a c11 Bb
rnaBHI151 rpaAb Ha 6bnrap1151 11 cni;Ab CMbpTbTa c11 611na norpe6aHa Bb CbrpaAeHara OTb He51 U,bpKBa.
1
)
noYTI1 Ci'Klll,OTO Hi;LU,O, o6aYe Cb no-roni;M11 nO,[J,p06HOCTI-I, HaM11paMe e,[J,I1Hb si;Kb nO-KbCHO
y n;y;;rewecrseHMKa )], >. 11 o sa H 11 6 e H a !111 51, KO~TO noci;rMllb Co1151
npi;3b 1682 ro,[J,. , noci;T11XMe
u,bpKBaTa Cs. Cocpl-151, cera A>KaMI151, cpi;LU,y HaWI151 xaHb; si;psa ce, Y& e ocHoBaHa OTb Co1151, AbLU,ep51 Ha MMneparopa KoHcTaHTMHa 11 Ha cs. EneHa, 11 Ye, oCTaBeHa orb 6aLU,a c11 Bb T0311 rnaseHb
rpaAb Ha 6bnrap1151, (Cocp1151) yMpi;na 11 611na norpe6aHa Bb eAHa apKa Bb Ci'KLU,aTa u,bpKsa; pa3npaB51Tb 3a He51 pa3Jli1YHM Hi;LU,a, Ye ce 51B51Bana HOLU,HO spi;Me 11 Ye rosopi;na; 3a ri;311 pa6or11 HeKa
onaBI1Mb aci:.J<I1 Aa si;pRa, KaKBOTO c11 MCKa, a a3b pa3Ka3BaMb, KaKBOTO YYXb". 2)
OcHosarenKara
Ha
u,bpKsara
TYKb
He
seye cs . EneHa, a Hi;J<o51 c11
He~Ha ,[l,bLU,ep51
Cocp1151, J<051TO cni;AoBaTellHO 611 rpi;6sano Aa 6i'KAe cecrpa Ha KoHCTaHTMHa Beni1KM, a He 11 Herosa
AbLU,ep51. 71BHO e, ye TYKb 11MaMe 3a6bpKBaHe Ha llMLJ,aTa, Koero Bb e,[J,Ha nereHAa e necHo o651CHI1MO.
51AJ<ara Ha nereHAaTa c11 ocrasa, Ye u,bpKsara e 611na
CbrpaAeHa OTb e,[J,Ha
np11Hu,eca, J<051TO ce
ryp51 Bb cspb3Ka Cb cpaMMlli151Ta Ha KoHcTaHTMHa BenMKM. KonKoro ce OTHaC51 AO 11Mero ~. TO e 611!10

Haro,[J,eHo cMrypHo cnopeAb MMero Ha CaMara u,bpKsa.
Bee OTb rosa spi;Me 11MaMe Apyra e,[J,Ha MHoro no-cno>.Ha sap11au,1151 Ha Ci'KLU,aTa nereHAa y
rypcKI151 n;y;;reweCTBeHI1Kb Esn1151 4ene611, KO~TO e
611J1b Bb Co1151 npi:.3b 1652 ro,[J,. ,Bb si;Ka
Ha Hcyca Xp11CTa, KOraTO Bb Ll,ap11rpallb BJla,[J,i;51Jlb Kpallb EllMHa,
Bb nnoB,[J,I1Bb ce 611na npoyyna
e,[J,Ha MOMa Ha MMe Csera Co1151, J<051TO Cb6pqlla MHOro so~cKa 11 3asna,[J,i;na Cocpl-151, ABTO u,apysana
CTO 11 neT,[J,eCeTb ro,[J,I1HI1. Ta311 MOMa HaMi;p11lla Bb BMTOWa MHOrO CbKpOBMLU,a , Cb KOI-ITO yKpaCMJla
rpaAa, scni;,[J,cTBI1e Ha Koero TO~ nonyYMllb 11MeTo rpaAb Cocpl-151. 6aLU,a ~. t<aro ce HayYMllb 3a rosa,
noBMKG.llb 5I Bb UapMrpaAb 11 Cb HaMi;peHI1Ti; nap11
KBara Cs
u,i;n11
Cocp1151, OTb Koero o6cT051TellCTBO e nonyYM!la
YeTMPMAeceTb
rOAI1HM
o6oraT51Ballb yep-
11 T51 11Mero c11. Cni;Ab CMbpTbTa c11 Ta311
ocHosarenKa 611na norpe6aHa Bb eAI1Hb Mp51MopeHb KOBYerh, nocraseHb Ha Bbpxa Ha CTbnna, KO~To
e AO caMl-151 Ka3acKepcKM xaMaMb np11 EH11-,lJ,>HaMM51.
11 ApyrM BJleYyrl1". 3)
To311
KOBYerb ,[J,Oropi; 611nb nblleHb Cb 3M1111
Bb T0311 pa3J<a3b, Hai1CT11Ha, HI1Ki'KAi; He ce rosop11 Hanpaso 3a cocpM~CKCITa U,bpKsa Cs. Cocp11S!. 06aye CbBCBMb ecrecrseHo e, Ye MOMara ,Csera Cocpl-151", K051TO HaMi;p11na CbKpOB11LU,ara Bb
BMrowa 11 Cb ri;xb yKpacMna rpaAa Co1151, rpi;6sa Aa
HapeYeHaTa
Ha
He~HO
l-IMe
U,bpKBa
Bb
T0311
e cbrpaAI1lla,
rpa,[J,b.
BMi;CTO
Aa
Me>KAY
AO~Ae
ApyrMri;
,[1,0
TOBa
pa6or11,
11
HanbllHO
nori14HO 3aKJ1104eHI1e, Esn1151 4ene611 npas11 se,[J,Hara e,[J,HHb CKOKb 11 cbo6LU,asa, Ye npMHu,ecara 611na
nOBMKaHa OTb 6aLU,a Cl1 Bb Ll,ap11rpa,[J,b, ,[J,i;TO 6aLU,aTa Cb HaMi;peHMTh OTb He51 nap11 yKpaC51BaJlb
1) rn. Matkovic, Rad CXVI, 1893, 99. BbnpoCHHSITb
UHTaTb nHncsa y VIs. WHwMaHOBb, C6opH 3a Hap.
YMOTB. IV, 1891, 431. Cr;<;WO H TOBa Cb'lHHeHHe He MH
6-twe nocrr;<;n HO Bb op11 r~-tHallb {Ein newe Reyss -Besch reibung auss Teutsch land nach Constantinopel und Jeru salem . . . verzeichnet und abgerissen durch Salomon
Schweiger etc., Nlirnberg, 5 H3naHHll OTb 1609 no 1664
rOllHHa).
2) G i ova n i
Ben a g I i a, Relatione del viaggio
fatto a Constantinopoli, e ritorno in Germania, dell' Ill m o
Sig. Conte F\lberto Caprara; Roma et Milano (6e3b ro llHHa)crp. 30 en .: Si visito Ia Chiesa di Santa Soffia hora
Moschea dirimpetto al nostro alloggio, e si crede fosse

fondata da Soffia figlia di Constantino lmperatore e di
Santa Elena , e che lasciata dal Padre in questa Citta
Capo della Bulgaria morisse, e fosse posta in un' area
nella medesima Chiesa ; di che raccontano varie cose, e
che sia apparsa di notte, e c' habbia parlato, ed intorno
ci6 lasciaremo, ch' altri creda ci6 che piu gli agrada,
riferendo io quanto h6 udito .
:I) Cnopenb nptsona Ha 11. ran >K a H 0 B b, nr;<;ry
saHe Ha EsnH5l 4ene6H H3b 6bnrapCKHTt 3eMH npt3b
cptnara Ha XVII BtKb, nep. cnHc. LXX, 1909, 694.
116
f\pXHTeKrypHO-HCTOpHYeCI<HrB npo6neMH
TaMwHaTa U.bpt<Ba Cs. Co1-151. CntJJ,oBaTellHO HaMtpeHOTO CbKpOBHW.e Tpt6sa Aa e 61-1no

ntMo, 4e Cb Hero e 6HJlb yKpaceHb He caMo rpaAbTb Cocjm51 AOTOJ1K03b,
no HMeTO Ha CB051Ta 6narOA-fiTeJ1Ka,
TaKa
Ai>To TOI'i Aa ce
HO 61-1J1a OCTaHaJla ~I AOCTaTb4Ha cyMa,
3a Aa
ro-
HapH4a
ce yKpaC51Ba Cb
He51 HaH-BeJlHKOJJ-finHaTa u,apHrpa)J,CKa U,bpKBa Bb npO)J,bJJ}I{eHHe Ha U,-filll-1 4eTHpHAeCeTb rO)J,HHI-1! 6e3b

Aa npaBHMb no-noJJ,po6eHb aHaJJH3b Ha T031-1
pa3Ka3b,
HOBeHaTa nereHJJ,a 3a Cbrpam)J,aHeTO Ha co1-11'1cKaTa Cs.

OTb caMI-151 Esn1-151 4ene6H, KOHTO e BHeCbJlb
Bb
51BHO e 1-1 OTb
Ka3aHOTO AO TYKb, 4e o6HK-
Co1-151 e 61-1na
3Ha4HTeJJHO
BHAOH3Mi>HeHa
He51 CbBbpweHo yymAH Hel'i eneMeHTH.
ne6H KaTO y4eHb 40Bi>Kb, I-13BbpWHJlb
MHOro6pOHHI-1 n;t;.TeWeCTBI-151, 1-1 KaTO 6HBWb

1
u,apHrpaACKaTa Ca. Co1-151, ) e n03HaBaJlb MHoro A06p-E Ta3H u,bpKBa. (bBnaJJ,eHHeTO
EsJll-151 4e-
Mey3HHb Bb
Ha HMeHaTa,
KOeTo He Mome Aa He MY e HanpasHJJO sne4aTneHHe, stpo51THO ro e HaKapano Aa
CBbpme Cb
TaTa OTb Hero Bb Co1-151 nereH)J,a HMeTO 1-1 Ha u.aDHrpaACKaTa Cs. Co1-151. no T031-1
Ha4HHb 1-1 TYKb
4Y-
KaKTO np1-1 BpaH4H4a BHm)J,aMe ABi>Ti> eJJ,HOHMeHHH u,bpKBH Aa ce noCTaB51Tb Bb Ti>cHa cspb3Ka, KaTo
ce npHnHCBaTb cnopeAb nOH51TH51Ta Ha asTopa Ha eAHHb 1-1 C;t;.W.H rpaAHTeJlb. KonKOTO 3a HMeTo Ha
KpaJJb
,E.nHHa", MO}I{e
na
ce
npi>AnOJJO}I{I-1,
4e TO He e HHW.O Apyro,
OCBi>Hb
f13BbpTBaHe Ha
,cs. EneHa", K051TO, KaKTO BHAi>XMe, C;t;.W.O 1-1rpae pOJJ51 Bb nereHAaTa 3a CbrpamAaHeTo Ha Cs. Co1-151.~)
(b Hal'i-roni>MH noApo6HOCTH HH npi>AdBa nereH)J,aTa 3a CbrpamAaHeTo Ha Cs. Co1-151 K o pHenH oHb AeHb ,lJ,pHWb, ceKpeTapb 1-1 HCTOpHorpab, KaKTO TOH caMb ce HapH4a, Ha nocnaHHHKa
rpab BHpMOHAa, Cb KoroTo TOH ce cnHpanb Bt. Co1-151, Ha n;t;.Tb 3a
IOJlH
1719
UapHrpaAb,
ro)J,. , To3H rpaAb Co1-1S1 e nocTpoeHb OTb HMnepaTopa IOcTHHHaHb,
npHHu,eca Co1-151 no-MJJaAa OTb meHaTa Ha HMnepaTopa IOcTHHb
OTb
a
29
He
IOHH AO
OTb
eAHa
II, KOSITO HOci>na C;t;.W.OTO HMe, KaKTO
Typu,HT-fi, KaTO CJla6o 3an03HaTH Cb HCTOpH51Ta, norpi>WHO ys"fip51BaTb 1-1 pa3Ka3BaTb OW.e MHOfO ApyrH
6aCHOCJlOBHH Hi>W.a 3a Ta3H MOMa, K051TO si>p051THO HHKOra
npaB51Tb, 4e T51 )J,bJlfO spi;Me Jlemana
MHOfO 60JJHa,
He e C;t;.W.eCTByBaJJa . TaKa
nopa)J,I-1
KOeTO
no
Ili>KapH Cl-1 H36pana e)J,HO BHCOKO Mi>CTO, A-fiTO Aa HMa 3ApaBb Bb3AYXb 1-1
CbB-fiTa
Ha
xy6asa
BO)J,a;
Hanp.
pa3-
npH)J,BOpHHT-fi
1-1
nOHeme
T51 HaM-fipHJJa, 4e TYKb 1-1 Bb AB-firl T-fi3H OTHOWeHI-151 OCTaHaJJa )J,OBOJlHa, TbH KaTO Bb u,i>na Typu,l-151
Hi>MaJlO HHK;t;.Ai; nO-A06pa BO)J,a 1-1 n0-3npaBb Bb3AYXb OTKOJJKOTO TYKb, HaKapana OTb 6JJafOAapHOCTb
)J,a nOCTp051Tb Ha TOBa Mi>CTO e)J,HHb rpa)J,b, a nOCJJ-fi 1-1 e)J,Ha U,bpKBa, KOHTO T51
HapeKJla
HMe. TaKa c~w.o ce pa3npas51 3a He51, 4e KoraTo T51
np-Ecni>ABaHeTo
6trana
Bb
u,bpKBaTa OTb
6para CH 1-1 TOH TbKMO npi>Ab BXOAa see naKb 5I ynoBHJlb 1-1 HCKaJlb Aa
Ha
HeHHO
Ha
11 HaHece CMbpTeHb yAapb
Cb e)J,HHb HO}I{b, KOHTO Be4e H3BaAHJlb, T51 MOMeHTaJlHO H34e3HaJla sb U,bpKOBHaTa BpaTa. 3aTOBa T51
ce CYHTa OTb T"fixb 3a CBeTa meHa, K051TO 60rb,
nopa)J,H
6nar04eCH1BI-151 H }l{f1B0Tb, He HCKaJlb )J,a
ocTaBH Aa 3arHHe, a 5I cnaCHJlb OTb onacHOCTbTa 1-1 5I B3eJlb npaso Bb He6eTo; np1-1 To sa npH6aB51Tb,
ye 6paTbTb J1Manb 3aMbKb Ha6nH30, cTi>HHTt Ha KOHTO r l noKa3BaTb Ha Kpa51 Ha rpaAa,
p;t;.Ka, KOraTo ce HAe OTKbMb HHwb." 3)
lj rn. ran{aHOBb, UHT. M. crp.639 en. Cp. H Cr.
Hosa 1<0 BH h, ronHWibHUa HHI<One 4ynHha, XVII, 1897, 137.
2) Cnopenb npyrb enHHb n,v;rewecrseHHIHS! ce e CYHTana na{e 3a poneHb rpanb Ha cs.
EneHa (f\ n to n i o Benetti, Osservazion i fatte .. . nel
viaggio a Costantinopoli etc. Venezia 1688, I crp. 178:
... pervenissimo a Soffia, Patria di Sant' Elena, da Giustiniano lmperatore fondata, in veneratione di Santa Soffia, da Costantinopoli settantanove miglia Germaniche
distante).
3) Corne I ius von den Dries c h, Historische
Nachricht von der Rom. Kayser!. Gross-Botschafft nach
Constantinopel, welche .. . der Hoch -und Wohlgebohrne
des H. R. Reichs-Graf Damian Hugo von Virmondt nJhmlichst verrichtet; Ntirnberg 1723, crp. 89: Diese Stadt Sophia ist vom Kaiser Justinianus erbauet, nicht aber von
einer jlingern Sophia und Prinzessin von des Kaisers
Justini II. Gemahlin, welche mit jener gleichen Namen
Ha ntsa
gefiihret haben soli, wie doch die Ttirken, als welche in

der Historie schlecht bewandert, falschlich vorgeben, und
noch vie! andere fabelhafte Sachen von dieser Jungfrau,
welche wol niemal in rerum natura gewesen, erzehlen.
Dann da sagen sie, es seye dieselbige lange Zeit sehr
krank darnieder gelegen, weswegen sie auf Einrathen
der Leib-f\erzte sich einen erhabenen Ort ausgesucht,
wo sie gesunde Luft und gutes Wasser antreffen wlirde,
und wei! !'ie gefunden, dass sie in beiden Stticken allhier vergntigt worden, angesehen in der ganzen Turkey
kein besseres Wasser noch gesundere Luft, als hier, zu
fin.den, habe sie zur Dankbarkeit an diesen Ort eine
Stadt und nachgehends auch eine Kirche aufbauen und
nach ihrem Namen nennen lassen. So wird nicht weniger
von ihr erzehlt, dass, als sie vor ihres Bruders Verfolgung sich in die Kirche retirirt, und er sie eben bey
dem Eingang derselbigen noch ergrieffen, auch ihr mit
einem Messer, welches er bereits schon gezuckt, einen
npoCTOHapOnHaTa
11
117
JJHTeparypHaTa JJereHnH
- - - - - -----
,IJ,p11wb 3anoLJsa CB051 pa3Ka3b Cb 3a6-En-BmKaTa, LJe rpaAbTb
Co1151
611nb
OCHOBaHb
OTb
IOCTI1HI1aHa, a He OTb Hi>KaKBa c11 np11Hu,eca Co1151, K051TO Hoc-Ena Cli'\W,OTO 11Me, KaKTO meHaTa Ha
IOCTI1Ha
II, HO 611na no-MnaAa OTb He51. 71BHO e, LJe 11MeHaTa Ha Ti>311
HI1WO 06W,O Cb nereHAaTa, K051TO ,lJ,p11Wb e LJynb OTb
Bl13aHTI1~1cKI1 snaAi>Tenl1 Hi>MaTb
,Cna6o 3an03HaTI1Ti> Cb 11CT0p1151Ta" Typu,H,
KOI1TO He Cli'\ MOrnl1 Aa 3Ha51Tb, KOH e 611nb IOcTI1H11aHb, KOH IOcTI1Hb
II 11 KOI1 Cli'\ 611n11 LJneHoseT-E
Ha Ti>XH11Ti> aM11n1111. Bb nereHAaTa c11rypHo ce e
3a Hi>Ko51 np11Hu,eca Co1151,
rosop-Eno npocTo
OCHOBaTenKa Ha rpaAa 11 U,bpKBaTa. 06a4e ,lJ,p11Wb, 3a Aa 6ni>cHe Cb CB051Ta epyA111..1,1151, e HaMi>p11nb

3a A06pt, Aa OTXBbpn11 KaTO nereHAapHa He113Bi>CTHaTa HI1KOMY np11HU,eCa 11 Aa 5I 3aMi>HI1 Cb n03HaTI1
11CTOp114eCKI1 ni14HOCTI1, 6e3b Aa Hl1 Kame,
pa3611pa ce,
OTAi> TOH 3Hae, LJe 11MeHHO IOCTI1HI1aHb. e
CbrpaAI1nb Co1151, KOeTo TOH TBbpA11 Cb TaKaBa nonOH<I1TenHOCTb. f\Ko ocraBI1Mb cni>AOBaTenHo Ha
CTpaHa Ta311 Kp11TI14eCKa 6t,ni>H<Ka Ha ,IJ,p11wa, OCTaHanaTa LJaCTb OTb H.eroBI151
Cb roni>MI1 noAp06HOCTI1, Hl1 npi>ACTaB51 cbrpaH<AaHeTO Ha Cs. Co1151
pa3Ka3b,
no Cli'\W,I151
MaKapb 11
Ha411Hb, KaKTO 11
no-cTap11Ti> nli'\TewecTBeH11U,I1. CaMo np11411HaTa TYKb e He BeLJe HaM-EpeHo CbKpOBI1w,e, a 6naroAapHOCTb 3a 03ApaB51BaHeTo 4pi>3b A06paTa BOAa 11 3ApaBI151 Bb3AYXb Ha
Co1151. Cli'\w,o 11 pa3Ka3bTb,
LJe np11Hu,ecaTa 1134e3Hana 6e3cni>AHO Bb CbrpaAeHara OTb He51 u,bpKBa, KOraTO 6-Erana OTb np-Ecni>ABaHI151Ta Ha 6paTa Cl1, He Ce pa3nl14aBa Cli'\W,eCTBeHO OTb Apyr11Ti> nereHAI1, Ai>TO ce Ka3Ba, LJe T51
611na npocTo norpe6aHa Bb U,bpKBaTa. Ba>HHOTO e, LJe 11 Bb ABaTa cnyLJa51 u,bpKBaTa ce C411Ta KaTo
rp06H11U,a Ha OCHOBaTenKaTa Cl1.
noA06HI1 Ha 1136poeHI1Ti> TYKb nereHA11 Cli'\ 1..1,11pKyn11pan11, BI1A11 ce, ow,e Abnro Bpi>Me Me>HAY
Mi>CTHOTO HaceneHI1e, TbH KaTo 11 K a H 11 u, b, KOHTO e 611nb Bb Co1151 3a npbBb nli'\Tb npi>3b
a nocn-E nosropHo npi>3b
1871 roA.,
1879 roA., cnoMeHasa, LJe 3a OCHOBaTenKa Ha u,bpKBaTa no TpaA11U,1151 ce
C411Tana OTb Mi>CTHOTO HaceneHI1e,
BKni0411TenHo
11
TYPU11Ti>,
Cli'\W,aTa
6naroLJeCTI1Ba Bl13aHT11HCKa
np11Hu,eca Co1151, no 411eTo 11Me 611nb Hape4eHb 11 rpaAbTb. 3a roni>Mara ApeBHOCTb Ha Tosa np-EAaHI1e KaHI1U,b ce no3osasa Ha o6cT051TencTBOTo, LJe TO 611no pa3npaB51HO Bb Cli'\w,ara opMa ~~ Ha
,IJ,p11 wa ow,e npi>3b 1719 rOA. 1) Bb Cli'\WHOCTb, KaKTO ce B11H<Aa OTb cnoMeHaTI1Ti> no-rop-E nli'\TewecTBeHI11..1,11, npi>AaHI1eTo e MHoro no-cTapo.
np11 eAHO nO-BHI1MaTenHO cpaBHeHI1e Ha nereHA11Ti> 3a
CbrpaH<AaHeTO Ha Cs. Co1151 neCHO
e Aa ce BI1A11, 4e Ti> ce pa3nl14aBaTb TBbpAt, ManKO nOMeH<AY Cl1.
f\KO
OCTaBI1Mb Ha CTpaHa BTO
pOCTeneHHI1Ti> nOAp06HOCTI1, KOI1TO Cli'\ MOrnl1 Aa ce n051BaTb Cb TeLJeHI1e Ha Bpi>MeTO, ri:; BCI14KI1 ce
51B51BaTb KaTO sap11a1..1,1111 Ha eAHa 11 Cli'\W,a
nbpBOHaLJanHa nereHAa,
41151TO 51AKa Ce CbCTOI1
Bb TOBa,
LJe u,bpKBaTa 611na CbrpaAeHa OTb eAHa Bl13aHmi1cKa np11Hu,eca Co1151, np11HaAnemaw,a KbMb aMI1ni151Ta Ha KoHcTaHTI1Ha Beni1KI1, K051TO cni>Ab CMbpTbTa c11 611na norpe6aHa Bb Cli'\W,aTa u,bpKBa.
HapeAb Cb Ta311 pa3npocTpaHeHa Me>HAY Mi>CTHOTO HaceneHI1e nereHAa, K051TO Hl1e w,e Hape4eMb npOCTOHapOAHa, Cli'\W,eCTByBa 11 Apyra eAHa paTypHa nereHAa, Cb3AaAeHa
OTb yLJeHI1Ti>,
aKO MOH<eMb TaKa Aa Ce 113pa311Mb -
cnopeAb K051TO
U,bpKBaTa
H11aHa. H11e B11Ai>xMe, LJe Ta311 MI1Cbnb ce 51B51Ba OTLJaCTI1 ow,e Bb
1553
611na
ni1Te-
CbrpaAeHa OTb IOcm-
roA y BpaHLJI14a, KOHTO, Ma
Kapb 11 Aa He cnoMeHasa 11MeHa, Ka3Ba, LJe HawaTa U,bpKBa 611na cbrpaAeHa OTb H<eHaTa Ha Cli'\W,1151
11MnepaTOpb, KOHTO nocTpo11nb u,ap11rpaACKaTa
Cs. Co1151. 4e BpaHLJI14b e 3aenb Ta311 MI1Cbnb He
OTb npOCTOHapOAHaTa nereHAa, a OTb Hi>KOe o6pa30BaHO n111..1,e, Ce BI1H<Aa HaH-A06pt, OTb 06CT051TenCTBOTO, Ai>TO TOH Henocpi>ACTBeHO cni>Ab TOBa Ka3Ba, LJe OTb TOBa Bpi>Me 11MeTO Ha rpaAa 611n0
113Mi>HeHo OTb Ynnl1aHa Ha Co1151 (rn. CTp.
114). 06aLJe rpaAbTb HI1KOra He e ce Ka3Banb Ynnl1aHa,
a Ynn11a CepA11Ka 11 TO caMo Bb o11u,11anH11 HaAn11CI1 OTb p11MCKO spi>Me KaKbBb Ha411Hb He e Morna Aa 6/i'\Ae 113Bi>CTHO
todtlichen Stoss beybringen wollen , sie in der KirchenThiir augenblicklich verschwunden seye. Sie wird auch
deswegen noch fiir eine heilige Frau von ihnen gehalten, welche Gott wegen ihres frommen Lebens nicht
umbringen lassen, sondern von der Gefahr erretten und
schnur stracks in den Himmel nehmen wollen; worzu sie
Ha npocTOTQ
HaceneHI1e.
Hi>wo, KOeTo
Bb cnyLJa51
no HI1-
BpaHLJI14b e
noch setzen, dass der Bruder nicht weit von hier ein
Schloss gehabt, woven sie einem noch zur linken Hand
wann man von Nissa kommt, am Ende der Stadt die
Mauern weisen.
1) Kanitz, Donau-Bulgarien, 2-po H3n. II 212.
118
flpXHTeKTypHO-HCTOpHYeCKHTt npo6neMH
6VIJ1b 6e3b CbMHt.HVIe 3a6ny,IJ,eHb OTb VIMeTO Ha rpa,IJ,a nVInJlSIHb Bb (Tapa Cbp6V151, KOiho Bb PVIMCKO
sptMe ce e Ka3sanb YnnVIaHa, KaTo ro e cMt.CHilb Cb YnnHil Cepll,HKa Kora VI OTb Koro e 6VIna Cb3,IJ,a,IJ,eHa Ha~-Hanpt.Ab nereH,IJ,aTa, Ye Cs- Cocp1151 611na CbrpaAeHa
OTb caMH51 IOCTHHI1aHb, M!'K4HO 6VI Momo ,IJ,a ce yCTaHOBI1. Ha
s<.-i;KVI cnyYa~ Tosa ce TBbpA11 seye
KaTO nOJlO>t<HTeJleHb cpaKTb OTb HCTOp11Ka f\ H T 0 H VI 6 0 H cp 11 H 11, KOiho e nHCallb

nonosi1Ha Ha
XV
st.Kb. KaTo rosopH 3a Cocp1151 no noso,IJ,b Ha noxo,IJ,a Ha
npt.3b
Bna,IJ,HCnasa Ill
BTOpaTa
Bb
6bn-
rap1151, 6oHcp11HVI Ka3sa: ,rpa,IJ,bTb nony411 HMeTo Co1151 OTb xpaMa, KO~To Cb rontMo seJ111KOJ1t.nVIe
cbrpaA11 IOcTI1HVIaHb, a no-paHo ce Ka3sawe CapAVIU,Ha, OTb cap,IJ,HTt. 1-1 AaKVITt., KOVITO ro Hacen51saxa;
no-nOCJlt,, 3ana,[IHaJ1b OTb HaBJ1H3aHeTO Ha 6bllfa p11Tt, H OTb nOCT051HHHTt, HaWeCTBI151
OTTaTbKb ..D,yHaBa, TO~ 3ana311 CaMO 11MeTO Ha xpaMa". 1)
f\BTOp11TeTbTb Ha 60Hcp11HVI e ,[\Onp11HeCbJ1b 6e3b ~bMHt.Hvte TBbp.Ut
HeHHeTo Ha Ta3H
nereH.ua. KaKTO
KaTo ..D,pVIWb, a Mome 611 VI EsllV151

yYeHaTa
BVI,IJ,t.xMe,
4ene611
OTb He51 C!'K ce

(cTp .
115
Ha >t<I1TeJ111Tt,
MHOfO 3a pa3npOCTpa-
nOB-'11151J111 1-1 Ht.KoVI
nJKTewecTseHI1U,11,
en.). 06a4e no-ront.Ma pon51 e Vlrpana T51 Bb
J111TepaTypa. TaKa Hanp. HaMHpaMe 5I 1-1 Bb ,o651cHeHH51Ta" (explicationes) Ha MapHaBH4a,
nHCaHI1 st.po51THO npt.3b
1621
ro.r:~., KbMb aHOHVIMHaTa 6HorpacpH51 Ha IOcTHHI1aHa,
OTKp11Ta Bb ABO-
peu,a 6ap6epHHI1 Bb PHMb. 2) Bb Tt.3H CBOVI o651cHeHI151 MapHaBI14'b, Me>t<AY APYrDTO, Ka3Ba: ,Cap,IJ,11Ka Cb
Te4eHHe Ha sptMeTO nOilY411 ,IJ,HeWHOTO Cl1 11Me Cocp!-151 OTb xpaMa Ha IOCTVIHVIaHa. npt.,IJ,b spaTHTt, Ha Ka3aHI151 xpaMb IOcTVIHVIaHb Bb3,IJ,VIrHa xy6aBb capKocparb Ha cseTt~WI151 M!'K>tt<,IJ,a OTb Tt.311 AYMI1, MapHaBI14b He caMo
C411Ta 10cTI1HI1aHa 3a CTpOVITeJlb Ha cocpVI~CKaTa
Cs.
CocpV151, HO MY np11n11csa 1-1 HanpasaTa Ha oco-
6eH b Mp51MOpeHb capKOcparb npt,Ab U,bpKBaTa 3a HerOBVI51 HaCTaBHVIKb OTb CJ1aB51HCKO np0113XO>t<,(\eHHe,
6oroMHna, KO~To sbo6we 11rpae MHoro ront.Ma pOI151 Bb BbnpocHaTa aHOHI1MHa 6HorpacpH51 Ha 10cTVIHI1aHa. Bb u,t.nH51 T03VI pa3Ka3b Ht.Ma st.po51THO HVITO cnt..r:~a OTb 11CTOpH4ecKa VICTVIHa. MapHaBI14b
npoCTo e cno,IJ,t.J151Jlb
pa3npoCTpaHeHOTO
se4e Bb Heroso
CocpV151, KaKTO VI u,apHrpa,IJ,cKaTa, e 6VIna Cbrpa,IJ,eHa OTb

Kocpara Ha
6oroMHJ1a HMa ,IJ,a ce 3a6t.nt.m11,
4e, aKo
spt.Me
y6t.m.r:~eHHe,
10cTHHI1aHa.
ye
cocp11~cKaTa Cs.
0THOCVITellHO nacama 3a cap-
TO.:i He e 411CTa
V13MI1CJ1VIU,a Ha
MapHaBI14b,
MO>t<e 6VI e 3aeTb OTb HtKOe HapO,!J,HO npt.,IJ,aHI1e, KOeTO He e 3ana3eHO y ApyrH aBTOpVI.
Hal1-nocnt, ocTaBa ,IJ,a cnoMeHeMb, 4e nereHAaTa 3a cbrpam,IJ,aHeTo Ha cocp11!1cKaTa Cs. CocpV151
OTb iOCTHHVIaHa e 611J1a Bb3npV1eTa H OTb COcjJH~CKI151 KaTOJ1H4eCKI1 apX11enHCKOnb n e Tb pb 6 0 r ,lJ, a H b
6 a K w 11 4 b. Bb e,IJ,VIHb panopTb, oTnpaseHb AO KOHrperau,H51Ta 3a pa3npoCTpaHeHI1e Ha KaTOJ1114ecKaTa
st.pa Bb PHMb, n11caHb Ha 30 Mal1 1653 ro,IJ,. Bb 4VInposu,VI, 6aKWI14b npas11 ,IJ,OCTa o6cTOeHb 11 .r:~o6pi:;
apryMeHTHpaHb npt.meAb Ha 11CTOpH51Ta Ha CocpV151, KaTo ce no3osasa Ha MHoro6poi1H11 no-CTapH asTOp11.4)
0THOCI1TeJ1HO u,bpKBaTa Cs. Cocp1151 TOH np11sem,IJ,a 6yKsanHo U,VITV1paHVI51 noropt, (m. 3a6.
1) Flntonii Bonfinii Historia Pannonica sive

Hungaricarum rerum decades IV, Bb neTaTa KHHra Ha
TpeT5!Ta UeKaUa, CTp. 322 Ha l<bOnHCKOTO H3IlaHHe OTb
1E90 fOil ., KOeTO CaMO MH 6-twe IlOCT!i'.nHO : urbs a tempJo,
quod magnifico sumptu lustinianus erexit, Sophiae nomen accepit, Sardicia olim dicta, a Sardis et Dacis, qui
earn incoluere; deinde Bulgarorum inundatione et assiduis Transistrianorum eruptionibus labefactata, sibi templi
tantum nomen servavit.
2) noCOYBaHeTO Ha T03H H3TOYHHI<b Ilbn<a Ha
npo. tiop. Y1saHOBb. 6HorpaH5!Ta ( lustiniani vita) e H3uaueHa OTb J . Bryce Bb Flrchivio della Reale Societa Romana di storia patria X, 1887, 137-171 H Bb The english
historical review II, 1837, 657-684 (1-1 ust,T-t T-t3H H3uaHH5! MH ocTaHaxa 3a manocTb HeuocT!i'.nHH) . Cp . BacHn be s b, Bonpocb o cnaB5!HCKOMb npoH3XO<UeHiH IOcTHHHaHa, Bb BH3aHTiikKii1 speMeHHHI<b I, 1894, 469-492;
Jag i c, Bb Flrchiv fi.ir slavische Philologie X 492; n . bl p Ky,
1)
BpeM5! H mH3Hb naTpiapxa EseHMi5! TepHOBCKaro (l<b

HCTopiH HCnpasneHi5! KHHTD Bb 6onrapiH Bb XIV stK-t,
TOMb I), Cn6. 1898, CTp. 527-538. BbnpoCbTb , uanH MapHasHYb e caMb asTopb Ha 6HorpaH5!Ta HnH 11 e np-tH3Uanb cnopeUb no-CTapb H3TOYHHKb, HioMa 3a HaCb
3HaYeHHe. (HrypHO e, Ye .,06S!CHeHHS!Ta" , KOHTO Bb CnyYa5! HH HHTepecysaTb, Cli'. CbCTaBeHH OTb CaMH5! MapHaBHYb.
:1) Sardica progressu temporis a templo lustiniani
Sophiae nomen ad hodiernum usque diem usurpavit.
Flnte fares dicti templi lustinianus nobile sarcophagum
Bogomilo seu Domnioni sanctissimo viro excitavit, carminibusque super crustas marmoreas illustravit. UHTaTbTb 3aeMaMb OTb ( bl pI< y, UHT. CbY . CTp. 535 3a6 . 4.
4) Fleta Bulgariae ecclesiastica, ed. Fermendziu
(Monumenta Slavorum meridionalium vol. XVIII), Zagrabiae 1887, CTp. 226-245.
np0113XOH<l!eHHeTO Ha l!Bi;Ti; nereHl!H
naca<.b OTb 5oHcpHHYI, <meTo MHi>HYie HanbnHo cnogi>nSI,
119
t<aKTO ce BI1<Aa no-HaTaTbKb Bb panopTa
OTb AYMYITi> MY: ,rpagbTb He e noCTpoeHb OTb IOcTYIHYiaHa, a caMO xpaMbTb Ha cs. Cocp11S1" . 1)
Tosa TOnt<03b pa3npocrpaHeHo
MHi>HI1e 3a cbrpa<.gaHeTo
Ha
cocp11?icKaTa
Cs. Cocp11S1 OTb
IOcTHHHaHa He BHHarH e 61-1no npY!eMaHo 6e3b KpY1TI1t<a Yl OTb no-cTapHT-5 nYICaTenYI. J.iHTepeceHb e
Bb TOBa
OTHOWeHI1e
e,ll.YIHb
naca<.b y
YICTOpY!Ka
Hi>Ma ga 6F!;,ll.e H3nHWHO ,ll.a npYIBe,ll.eMb H3U,tno,
XVI
OTb
I<OHTO
nOHe<.e TO?i e TBbp,ll.-5 xapaKTepeHb 3a HeSICHYITi>
Yl noBpbXHOCTHYI npi>,ll.CTaBneHHSI, I<OYITO TOfaBaWHYITi> yYeHYI

e 6Hnb ni14HO Bb CocpYIS!, Bb 104-1151 naHgeKTb
n e y H K n a B 1-1,
J.1 0 a H b
Ri>Kb
KbMb
(}!;
11ManYI 3a CocpHSI . neyHKnaBH, KOi1TO
H3,ll.ageHYITi>
OTb
Hero
,f\HanYI Ha Typct<Yirl
cynTaHYI" n1-1we: ,AOCTaTb4HO e YI3Bi>CTHO HMeTo Ha Cocp11S1, Ha roni>M11SI 1-1 go6pi> HaceneHb rpagb Ha
5bnrapHS1, t<O?iTo He e yKpi>neHb OTb HYIKOSI CTpaHa. TaMb HYie npi>CTOSIXMe Hi>Ko?i 1-1 APYfb geHb ...
5oHcpHHYI
t<a3Ba, 4e rpagbTb e nony4Yinb
HMeTo
c11 OTb xpaMa,
t<oiho _ Cb
roni>Mo
senYIKOni>nHe
Cbrpa,ll.Hnb IOCTYIHI1aHb. 06a4e TYKb Tat<bBb xpaMb HHKOfa HYITO e HMano, HHTO nbKb MO<.e nOHe ,ll.a
ce n03Hae no Hi>KaKBI1
py11H11; a ye e 6Hnb
rpagb no u,ap11rpagct<Y1~ xpaMb, Koiho
Hape4eHb T03YI
IOcTHHYiaHb Bb3,ll.l1fHanb no Hal1-6ni>cTSIW,b Ha411Hb
Ha cs. CocpY!st, T- e. Ha
MF!;,ll.pOCTb, t<o?i 61-1 nosi>psanb,
OTb Ll.a p1-1rpagb Ha 14 1-1n11 15 .n.eHa nF!;Tb . . .
KoraTo TOH OTCTOYI
HaYICTYIHa Ti>3YI pa6oTYI He Tpi>6sa .n.a ce TbpCstTb TYKb,

TpHa,ll.YIU,J, t<OeTo HMe, t<aKTO
n11we YICTOpHKbTb
npaBYI npi>,ll.YI BCYI4KO Bne4aTneHI1e,
HYITO ,ll.Hecb
ln11t<aCb,
(rpa,ll.bTb) ce t<a3Ba
TOH HOCi>nb
4e neyHt<naBI1
Y!MeTo Ha 6o<.eCTBeHaTa
ow,e Bb Heroso
VI
CocpYISI, a
spi>Me" ."')
He e MO<.anb .n.a yye Bb CocpHSI HYIW,O
3a u,bpt<BaTa, t<OSITO no TOBa sptMe (KbMb 1583 rog.) e 61-1na se4e o6bpHara Bb g<.aMvtst. Ow,e noYynHo e, 4e TOH, Mat<apb .n.a 3ano4sa
pa3t<a3a c11 Cb
YIMeTo Ha
Tb~HO no3HaTo", Bb KpaS! Heo~aKBaHo Cb06w,asa, 4e T03YI
TpY!a,ll.Yiu,a, 6e3b .n.a HH t<a<.e, KF!;,ll.-5 ce e HaMY!panb,

T-5311 CBOYI 3a6ny<.AeHYISI neyHKnaBYI
rpa.n.a Cocp11S1, t<OeTo 61-1no ,. .n.ocTa-
rpa.D.b Bb06w,e He ce Ka3sanb Cocp11S1, a
cnopegb HerOBOTO MHi>HI1e,
OT4aCTI1 e nonpaBI1nb
Bb Hi>MCI<OTO
nbpBYISITb rpagb.
Yl3,ll.aHYie
Ha
"f\Hani1Ti>"'
cni>.D.b t<aTo e Y!Manb cnyYa?i .n.a npo4eTe onHcaHI1eTo Ha rpaga y gpyr1-1 no-cTapH nF!;TewecT c eHHU.~A.'')
0Tb Yl36poeHYITi> AOTYKb u,HTaTYI
CTsysanYI caMo gs-5
nereHAH:
e.n.HaTa
ce
BYI<.ga,
4e 3a Cbrpa<.gaHeTo Ha Cs. CocpYIS! Cih CF!;W,e-
npocTOHapogHa,
cnopegb
KOSITO
U,bpt<BaTa 611na
cbrpageHa
OTb Hi>t<OSI CYI npHHu,eca CocpHS!, npY!Ha.n.ne<.aw,a t<bMb cpaMYinYISITa Ha KoHCTaHTYIHa BenYit<l1, a .n.pyraTa
nYITepaTypHa, cnope,ll.b
I<OSITO
ll,bpt<BaTa
611na
Cbrpa.n.eHa
OTb
IOCTI1HYiaHa.
61-1na Cb3.D.a.n.eHa nHTepaTypHaTa nereHga, He e TPYAHO ga ce OTfaTHe. Ha

nOBni1SIHa 6e3b CbMHi>HYie OTb CbBnageHHeTO Cb YIMeTO
Ha
3HaMeHYITaTa
no
J<at<bBb Ha4YIHb
nbpBO Mi>CTO TSI e
6J.1na
u,apHrpa,ll.CI<a ll,bpKBa Ha
IOcTHHY!aHa. 06a4e caMo TOBa o6CTmnencTBO He e AOCTaTb4HO .n.a HYI o6SICHYI, 3aw,o Cbrpa<..n.aHeTo
Y1 Ha COcp11HCI<aTa U,bpt<Ba ce e np11nYICBano Ha CF!;UJ,VISI HMnepaTOpb- Ha MHOfO .D.pyrYI Mi:>CTa
Y!Ma u,bpKBI1, nocsereHH Ha cs.
CocpYIS!, HO Cbrpa.n.eHYI Bb nO-KbCHO
<F!;UJ,O
spi>Me, t<aTO Hanp. Bb OxpY!ga,
MYICTpa, Tpane3yHAb, KHeBb 1-1 gp., 3a KOYITO, Bbnpi>t<l1 HAeHTYI4HOCTbTa Ha YIMeHaTa, no.n.o6Ha nereHga
He CF!;w,ecTsysa. $lsHo e cni>.n.osaTenHo, 4e np1-1 Cb3,ll.aBaHero Ha nHTepaTypHaTa nereH.n.a 3a cbrpa<.gaHeTO Ha cocpHi1ct<aTa Cs. Cocp11S1 e 11rpanb ponS! Yl egHHb xpoHonorl14eHb eneMeHTb, t<OHTO MO<.e ga
6F!;,ll.e 3aYIMCTByBaHb CaMO OTb npOCTOHapO,ll.HaTa nereH,ll.a, Bb KOSITO Cbrpa<.,ll.aHeTO Ha
ll,bpt<BaTa Ce
OTHaCSI l<bMb nbpB11Ti> Bpi>MeHa Ha XpHCTHSIHCTBOTO. ni1TepaTypHaTa nereH,ll.a, KaTO e ,ll.bp<.ana CMi>Tt<a
I) naiHH11) .
~) Joann::s Leunclavius, F\nnales sultanorum
Othmanidarum, editio alt~ra, Francofurdi 1596, CTp . 158
(naH.!lei<Tb 104l: Satis notum est Sophiae nomen, opidi
Bulgariae magni et populosi, licet nulla sit ex parte munitum . lbi diem nos unum et alterum haesimus .. . Bon finius ait, urbem a templo, quod magnifico sumptu lustinianus exstruxerit, nomen accepisse. F\tqui nullum heic
templum tale vel olim fuit, vel hodie saltim ex aliquibus
ruinis agnosci potest; et a templo Constantinopolitan c ,
quod lustinianus Sanctae Sophiae sive Dei sapientiae nomine splendidissimum condidit, hoc opidum, 14 vel 15
dierum itinere dissitum a Constantinopoli , vocatum fuisse , quis credat? . . . Ea vero non heic quaerenda, nee
hodie Sophia dicitur, sed Triaditza, quod ei nomen etiam
aetate sua fui sse, Glycas noster scripsit. 0Tb Ta3H KHHra
Ha neyHKJlaBH HMa 11 el!HHb Hi;MCKH npi;BO.!lb nOllb 3arJlaBHe Neuwe Chronica Turckischer Nation von Tilrcken
selbst beschrieben , Frankfurt am Meyn 1595, ni;To (c1p .
253) UHTHpaHHS!Tb TyKb nacamb e l!al!eHb Cb Hi;KOH l!O
nbJlHeHHSI; rn. TeKCTa y npoTHYb, Cs. Co<j>HSI, CTp. llOcn.
3) Ill. Hi;MCKHS! TeKCTb Cb npi;BO.!lb y n poTH y b,
Cs. Co<j>HSI, c1p. 110 en.
120
f\pXHTeKrypHO-HCTOpH 4eCKHrl; np06JJeMH
3a rosa o6eT051Tenerso, He e
Morna .n,a
noerasvt Cbrpam.n,aHero
Ha LI,bpKsara
Sb e.n,Ha or.n,ane4eHa
Tsbp.n,i; MHOro OTb rosa sp-EMe enoxa. Cb e.n,Ha .n,yMa, MO<e .n,a ce Kame, npoeroHapo.n,Hara H
nvtre-
parypHara nereH,D,H HMaTb rosa H-Ew,o o6w,o noMe<AY CH, 4e ri; H .n,si;ri; csbp3saTb ebrpa<.n,aHero
Ha LI,bpKSaTa Cb HMeHaTa
Ha OH-E3H ,D,SaMa 6nvt3KJ.1 nO sp-EMe Bna.n,i;renH, I<OHTO eb CBOHT-E MHOr0-
6pOHHJ.1 nOCTpOHKH e}i':. CH cne4enHnH cnasara Ha Hai1-ron-EMH eTpOHTenH, KaKSHTO J.1CTOpH51Ta Sb06w,e
no3Hasa.
no raKbSb Ha4HHb 4aCTb orb cnasara Ha
np-EXsbpneHa J.1 Sbpxy CaMaTa LI,bpKsa,
KoHeTaHTHHa
BenvtKH H tOervtHHaHa
e 6vtna
KOSITO J.1 Sb .n,si;ri; nereH,D,H ee C4J.1Ta enHaKSO ,D,OeTOHHa 3a
TaKaBa y4aCTb.
nvtreparypHaTa nereH.n,a, eni;,D,b KaTO SH,D,i;XMe, no KaKbBb Ha4J.1Hb e 6vtna T51 Cb3,D,a,D,eHa, He
np-E.n,crc~s51 _
3a HaCb oco6eHb
HHrepeCb. 06a4e npoeroHapo.n,HaTa
nereH.n,a He e 6e3b 3Ha4eHHe 3a
.n,arara Ha LI,bpKsara. ,lJ,HeCb, Koraro pa3KOm<Hrs YSICHHXa Bb ron-EMa creneHb vtcropH51Ta Ha

Ksara, He MO>t<e .n,a ee OTKa<e, 4e Ta3J.1
HaeeneHvte no Tpa.n,HLI,H51 Bb npo.n,bn<eHvte Ha cTon-En151 ce e ena3Hnb enoMeHbTb,
LI,bp-
Y M-ECTHOTO
nereH.n,a HMa J.13S-EeTHa HeTOpH4eCKa OCHOSa.
4e Ha4anoro
Ha
Cs. Cocpvt51 Sb3nH3a KbMb Hai1-crapvtr-E xpHCTH51HCKI1 sp-EMeHa H pe3ynrarvtr-E OTb pa3KOnKHT-E, oco6Ho
OTKpvtsaHeTo Ha .n,s-Er-E no-crapvt LI,bpKsH
Tpa,D,HLI,H51. 1\Ko o6a4e LI,bpKsara
6H
Ha M-EeToro Ha Cs. Cocpvt51,
6vtna
noCTpoeHa
sb
norsbp.n,51saTb HanbnHo
MHoro no-KbCHa
enoxa,
Ta3H
oeo6Ho cn-E.n,b
np-Es3eMaHeTo Ha Cocpvt51 OTb 6bnrapvtr-E, TO M}i':.4HO 6vt Morna .n,a ce .n,onyo-Ie, 4e Ta3H
KbCHa .n,aTa
He e OKa3ana HHKaKso snHSIHHe sbpxy nereH.n,ara. Hanporvtsb Bb TaKbSb cny4ai1 6vt rp-E6sano .n,a ce
04aKsa, W,OTO nereH,D,aTa .n,a CSbp>t<e nOCTp051S8HeTO Ha LI,bpKSaTa Cb .n,pyro H-EKOe C}i':.,D,60HOCHO HMe
HnH Cb6HTJ.1e OTb TOSa spi;Me, KaTO Hanp. nOKpbCTSaHeTO Ha 6bnrapvtri; HnH na.n,aHeTO Ha nbpSOTO
6bnrapCKO LI,apCTSO nO,D,b SH3aHTJ.1HLI,J.1Ti;,
no TaKbBb Ha4J.1Hb, KOnKOTO J.1 .n,a e He06XO,D,J.1MO .n,a 6}i':.,D,eMb ripi;.n,na3nHSJ.1 npH H3nOn3yBaHeTO Ha nereH,D,H Sb e,D,HO HeTOpH4eCKO J.13Cni;.n,saHe, see nalt<eMb .n,a He
npH3HaeMb, 4e npoeroHapo.n,Hara nereH.n,a norsbp,D,S!Sa .n,o6HTH51 OTb Haeb pe3ynraTb 3a .n,arara Ha Cs.
Cocpvt51 .n,oTonK03b, AOKOnKOTO H T51
OTHaC51 ebrpam.n,aHeTo
Ha
LI,bpKsaTa ow,e
Sb crapoxpHCTHSIH-
cKara enoxa.
3. Cs. CocpY151 Yl UbpKOBHaTa apxY!TeKTypa Bb Mana-A3YI51 no-rop-E HHe J.13Tbi<HaxMe, 4e Ha4HHbTb Ha rpa.n,ema Ha Cs. Cocpvt51, KaKTO J.1 caMJ.151Tb erpOHTeneHb Marepvtanb HOe51Tb YHero svt3aHTHHCKH xapaKrepb (eTp.
cnaraHe Bb .n,e6enH nnaerose, noeraS51Hero
3J.1,D,apvt51 Ha OCHOSHT-E -
en.). Tyxnvtr-E, xopocaHbTb, Herosoro
Ha e.n,HHb n051Cb OTb neTb pe.n,a
ryxnH Sb KaMeHHara
SC144KO TOSa HanbnHO ce CXO<,D,a Cb paHHOBJ.13aHTJ.1HCKJ.151 Ha4J.1Hb Ha rpa.n,e>t<b,
KaKTO roi1 HH e H3B-EcreHb H OTb H-EKoH

XvteapCKHT-E 6aHJ.1 Sb
13
nnos,D,HSCKO. npH
noerpoi1KH Bb 6bnrapvt51, rnasHo OTb K10ereH.n,Hnb H OTb

see TOBa
LI,bpKsara Cs.
CocpH51
He MO>t<e
.n,a ce
Hape4e
SJ.13aHTHHCKa nOeTpOHKa, aKO Bb T051 eny4aH HMaMe npi;.n,b SH,D,b C}i':.llJ,J.1HCKaTa BH3aHTHHCKa apXHTeKTypa TaKa, KaKTO T51 ce e pa3svtna Sb OpvteHTa cn-E.n,b sp-EMero Ha tOerHHHaHa.
Be4e o6w,H51Tb ocHoseHb nnaHb Ha Cs. CocpH51 ee ornH4asa p-E3KO OTb o6HKHOBeHH51 nnaHb
Ha SJ.13aHTJ.1HCK!H-E LI,bp!<SH. Ha nbpso M-ECTO rpi;6sa .n,a ce J.13Tbi<He Sb TOSa OTHOWeHHe nHnCaTa Ha
.n,si; no-ManKH ancvt.n,H orerpaHH
HH4HH anCH,D,H nvtneBaTb J.1 Sb
Ha rnasHara
ancvt.n,a
Ha
Cs.
CocpvtSI.
H-EKOH paHHOBJ.13aHTJ.1HCI<J.1 LI,bpKSH,
KaKTO
HavtCTHHa,
Hanp.
ManKHT-E
erpa-
Sb LI,apvtrpa.n,eKaTa
Cs. Cocpvt51. 06a4e rosa H-Ew,o ce SIB51Ba caMo Karo H3Knl04eHHe. TvtnH4HH51Tb nnaHb Ha BH3aHTHi1cKaTa LI,bpKBa e BHHarvt Cb rp11 anCHAH -
e.n,Ha oco6HOCTb,
KOSITO e
np-EMvtHana
Bb Bvt3aHTHSI s-E-
p051THO OTb crapoxpvtCTHSIHCKara LI,bpKosHa apxvtreKrypa Bb CvtpH51, .n,-Ero T51 ce cp-Ew,a ow,e TBbp.n,i;
paHo. 1)
no51S51BaHeTO
Ha .n,si;ri;
erpaHJ.14HJ.1
anCH,D,I-1 e 6vtno
np-E.n,H3BHKaHO OTb HY<AHT-E
Ha LI,bpKOBHara cny<6a, KOHTO C}i':. HanaranH e.n,Ho ysenvt4eHHe Ha anrapHOTO npoerpaHcrso.
1) Cp. J o s. S tr z yg ow ski,
Kleinasien, CTp. 43; Die hI, Manuel d'art Byzantin, crp. 163.
Heo6-
Cs. Co<jm 11
XO)J,VIMO e 611110 npi:,AVI BCWII<O )J,a Ce Cb3)J,a)J,aTb

BeHvtTi; Aapose (prothesis), OTb Apyra -
121
11 BH 3 3HT HH CKHTt. UbpKBH
Cneu,vtanHvt OT)J,i;neHI-151
OTb e)J,Ha CTpaHa
3a
>t<epT-
3a na3eHeTO Ha amapHvtT-E c"'AOBe 11 OAe<Avt (diakonikon).
Ta3vt cny<6a c"' vt3nb!1H51Banvt Bb cvtpvtHCKvtT-E
11
Bvt3aHTvti1ct<vtT-E u,bpt<Bvt
06aYe npo6neMaTa 3a ysenvtYeHvteTo Ha anTapHOTO
AB-ETt, CTpaHvtYHvt ancvt)J,vt.
npoCTpaHcTBO, K051TO e vtrpana rpaMaAHa pon51
Bb pa3BvtTvteTo Ha u,bpt<OBHaTa apxvtTet<Typa, e 6vtna pa3p-EweHa Bb pa3HvtT-E CTpaHvt no pa3Hvt HaYvtHvt. ETo 3al.I..I,O cpopMaTa Ha anTapHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO
vtMa ront.Mo 3HaYeHvte, t<OraTo ce t<acae
Aa
ce onp-EA-Envt apxvtTeKTYPHI151Tb xap3t<Tepb Ha e)J,Ha u,bpt<sa.

Bb cocpvtHCKaTa Ca. Coqm51 Hvte c"'l.I..I,O HaMvtpaMe ysenvtYeHvte Ha anTapHoTo
HO Bb T0311 cnyYaH TO e nOCTvtrHaTO
Yp-E3b npvt6aB51HeTO
Ha
npoCTpaHCTBO,
e)J,VIHb KBa)J,paTb np-EA!>
C"'l.I..I,VIHCKaTa
ancvtAa , a He Yp-E3b AB-E BTopoCTeneHHvt CTpaHvtYHvt anCvt)J,vt . 6narOAapeHvte Ha T0311 KBaApaTb 11 Ha

ne<al.l..l,vt51 np-EAb Hero Hanp-EYeHb t<opa6b, Ca. Cocpvt51 A06vtsa cpopMaT.a
Ha naTvtHCKvt51
Bb TOBa o6cT051TencTBO ce 3at<ntaYaBa
K051TO
BTopaTa
\::"'l.l..l,eCTBeHa
oco6HOCTb ,
t<pbCTb
oTnvtYasa
-1-.
npvtHU,vt-
nvtanHo cocpvtikKaTa Ca . Cocpvt51 OTb Bvt3aHTI1HCt<vtT-E u,bpt<Bvt. HavtCTvtHa, npvt T-E3vt nocn-EAHvtT-E, oco6Ho
Bb no-paHWHI-151 nepvtOAb, nta6vtMaTa cpopMa e nat<b t<pbcTaTaTa . 06aye Bvt3aHTvtHCKaTa u,bpt<Ba vtMa
o6vtt<HoBeHo cpopMaTa Ha rpbu,l<vt51 pasHopaMeHeHb KpbCTb
nbTb ce vt3Avtra Bb cp-EAaTa Ha KpbCTa,
TaMb, At.To ce
T03vt HaYvtHb u,eHTpanHo M-ECTo Bb u,bpi<BaTa. Bb
+. snvtcaHb
Bb eAvtHb I<BaApaTb. Kyno-
np-EcvtYaTb AB-ET-E MY paMeHa,
cocpvtHCI<aTa Ca . Cocpvt51
113)J,vtra Bb 113TOYHaTa YaCTb Ha U,bpt<BaTa 11 CbBC-EMb
H-EM a TOBa
11 3aeMa
no
~<ynonbrb, HanpoTvtBb, ce
U,eHTpanHO 3Ha l.J eHvte
3a
u,i;naTa
noCTpOHI<a, Kai<TO Bb Bl13aHTI1HCKI1Tt, U,bpi<BVI.

f\1<0 OTb o6l.l..l,vt51 nnaHb Ha Ca . Cocpvt51 MvtHeMb KbMb
HeHHvtT-E noAp06HOCTvt,
l.l..l,e
I<OHCTaTvt-
paMe nal<b peAvtU,a OTI<J10HeHI151 OTb
TOBa ,
KOeTO Ce CYV!Ta 3a Tpa)J,vtU,VIOHHO
Bvt3aHTvtl1ct<O.
Ha
I<OVITO
C;;.
)J,e6envt
l<ai<BVITO
naCTpvt);
11
)J,a
nvtncaTa
611110
Ha
I<OJ10HI1,
KanvtTenvt
Bbpxy
T-E3vt
3aM-EHeHvt
CTbn6ose ,
Cb
YeTBbpT11TI1
I<OvtTO
no
nvtnCaTa
CTbJ160Be
(nvt-
Ta3vt npvtYvtHa ce cmm::JTb Ha-
npaso Cb ne>t<al.l..l,vtT-E onopt, 11Mb ap1<11 , KaTo o6pa3ysaTb Cb T-EX'l> e)J,Ha u,-Ena Henp-EK"'CHaTa
nno-
CI<OCTb; nvtncaTa Ha eMnopvt Bbpxy CTpaHvtYHvtT-E 1<0pa611; nvtncaTa, HaH-nocnt,, Ha l<ai<BaTO 11 Aa 6vtno
no-6oraTa B"'Tp-EwHa )J,et<OpaU,I151 11 pa3YJ1eHeHvte Ha apXvtTei<TypHvtTi;
cpOpMvt -
BCVIYI<O TOBa
OTJ111-
YaBa p-E3KO cocpvtHcKaTa Ca. Cocpvt51 OTb e)J,Ha c"'l.l..l,vtHCKa Bvt3aHmHcl<a u,bpKsa. C"'l.I..I,O 11 CTpaHvtYHHT-E
OTA-EneHvt51 npvt cpaca)J,aTa Ha Ca. Cocpvt51 oCTasaTb 6e3b CbOTB-ETHvtT-E Bvt3aHTvtHCKvt napanenvt.
0Tb t<a3aHOTO AOTYKb CTasa 51 BHO, Ye cocpvtHCKaTa Ca. Cocpvt51, Bbnp-Et<vt Bvt3aHTvtHCKI151 HaYvtHb
Ha rpaAe<b , He MO<e Aa ce npvtYvtcnvt KbMb BH3aHTvtHC KaTa u,bpt<OBHa apx1-net<Typa . Tosa Ht.l.l..l,o Ha
npbBb norneAb vt3rne<Aa ManKo CTpaHHO. nocTpoeHa Bb eAvtHb rpa)J,b, KOHTO ce HaMvtpa TbH 6nvt3o
AO u,eHTpa Ha Bvt3aHTI151 11 Yatt<vt Ha e)J,V!Hb
OTb HaH-rnaBHvtTi> n"'Tvtl.l..l,a,
KOVITO
113XO>t<)J,aTb
Ll,apvtrpa)J,b, Ta3vt U,bpKBa OCTaBa nOYTVI CbBC-EMb YY<Aa Ha Bvt3aHTI1HCKaTa apXvtTeKTypa
Bb
OTb
HeHHI-151
TvtnvtYeHb Bvt)J,b. Tosa o6cT051TenCTBO CTaBa Ol.l..l,e no-vtHTepecHo, t<aTo ce B3eMe np-EAb BvtD.b ron-EMaTa
et<cnaH3vtBHOCTb 11 <vt3Hecnoco6HOCTb Ha Bvt3aHTHHCKaTa apxvtTet<Typa, oco6Ho OTb VI AO IX st.Kb, t<oraTo
T51 cvt e nOAYvtHvtna He caMo OpvteHTa, HO cvt e npo6vtna n"'Tb Aa<e 11 Ha 3ana)J,b, oco6Ho Bb vhanvt51 .
Katt<eHvte 11 )J,bJ160KO BJ11151Hvte Ha Bvt3aHTI1HCKaTa
apXvtTet<Typa?
f\1<0 He VICKaMe )J,a )J,OnycHeMb Bb HaWI-151 cnyYaH e)J,HO YVICTO 113KYCTBeHO npi;HaC51He Ha apXvtTet<TypHaTa cpOpMa, OTrOBOpbTb Ha T0311 BbnpOCb MO>t<e )J,a 6"'Ae CaMO e)J,vtHb , a vtMeHHO
KaTO npvteMeMb,
Ye Ca . Co :151 e 6vtna noCTpoeHa Ol.l..l,e np-EAvt nbnHOTO pa3BvtTvte Ha Bvt3aHTvtHCKaTa
U,bpt<OBHa apxvt-
TeKTypa 111111, Cb Apyrvt AYMvt, np-EAvt Ol.l..l,e Ta3vt apxvtTeKTypa Aa
e A06vtna
nbnHo
11 vt3KntOYvtTenHo
rOCnO)J,CTBO Bb OI<OJ1HY!Ti; CTpaHvt. f\1<0 TOBa Hallie 3aKJ1tOYeHvte e npaBO, TO Hvte )J,06vtBaMe Cb
Hero
Ol.l..l,e e)J,HO noTBbp<AeHvte 3a paHWHaTa AaTa Ha U,bpKBaTa Cs. Cocpvt51 .

HapeAb Cb TOBa ce 51B51Ba APYrb e)J,HHb Bbnpocb OTb t<anvtTanHa Ba<HOCTb, KOHTO 3acny<aBa
HaH-cepvto3HO BHvtMaHvte: at<o cocpvtHCKaTa Ca . Cocpvt51, KaKTO BvtA-EXMe, He MO<e Aa ce t<nacvtcpvtu,vtpa
KaTO Bl13aHTV!HCKa noCTpOHKa, TO K"'At, Tpi;6sa )J,a TbpCvtMb np0113XO<)J,eHvteTO Ha HeHHaTa apxvtTeKCs. Co q>H o.
16
122
flpnneKTypHO-HCTOpHYeCIUfli; npo6neMH
TOHCI<a <j>OpMa ,
OTI<i'i',D,-t
Ci'i' 11,D,"tm1
OHi>311
apX11Tet<TypH11
Tpa,D,I11..1,1111,
1<011TO
Bb CllyYast
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Ce
yt<a -
3aJll1 nO-CI1JlHI1 OTb cTp011TeJlHI1T-t noxsaTI1 Ha 6Jll13t<aTa Bl13aHTI1st 11 Bbo6we l<bMb KOSI rpyna U.bpKBH
w,e Tpt6sa ,D,a np114HCJli1Mb Tast nocTpOI1t<a?
Vf3yysaHI1SITa , HanpaBeHI1 npt3b
nOCll"t,D,HI1T-t ,D,eCeTI1Ha rO,D,I1HI1 Sbpxy U,bpi<OSHaTa
Typa Sb slf...TptwHOCTbTa Ha Mana - fh11st,
,D,a,D,oxa Ta1<11sa HeoYaKsaHI1
pe3ynTaTI1 ,
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apXHTeK-
He
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,D,a He 113MtHSITb KOpeHHO Sb MHOrO OTHOWeHI1SI HaWI1Tt no-paHWHI1 Sb3rlle,D,I1 BbpXy pa3B11TI1eTO Ha
CTpOHTeJlHOTO
113KYCTSO
11
SbpXy
np0113XO>t<,D,eHI1eTO
HaHCTI1Ha, 113stcTHI1 oco6HOCTH Ha poMaHct<aTa

nori1H Sb naMeTHI11..1,11
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OTb Kana,D,OI<HSI,
nHI<aOHI1SI
Vloc11cpb
CTp11rosc1<11 sb csostTa
Ha411Hb
cneu,11a11Ha
rpaMa,D,HOTO
3HaYeHI1e
MHOro
VlcaspHSI
Sb
naMeTHI11..1,11. 1)
SHHMaHHeTO Ha Hti<011 yYeHI1 Sbpxy Tt311
A11TelleHb
Ha
OTb
apX11TeKTypa, KOI1TO
apX11Tet<TypHHn
Mana-fbi1SI,
CaMO
11
Sb
noseYe ce 113TbKsa
pa3BI1TI1eTO
Ha
samHaTa
MaJlOa311SITCK11iB
ponst ,
Xp11CTI1SIHCTSOTO
11
KOSITO
Ta311
1903
np11 see TOSa ,D,Op11 Sb
apX11TeKTypH11
2
ow,e ,D,a 03HaYI1 Ma11a-fb11st KaTo ,Hosa 3eMst 3a 11CTOp11stTa Ha 113KYCTSOTO" . )
noseYe
6txa np11BJlti<Jll1 OT-
1<H11ra , Bb t<OstTO TOH 113TbKHa 3a npbsb

Ha
cpopM11.
HaM11pa x a 3a6-tnt>t<I1TellHI1 aHa-
cTpaHa,
n i'i' Tb
no
naMeTHI11..1,11,
Onorasa
rD,D,HHa
y6t-
MO>t<ewe
HacaMb
see
Hape,D,b Cb C11p1-1st, e 11rpana He
HerOBI1n ,D,OrMI1 Sb06w,e,
HO TaKa Clf...W,O 11
OC06HO 3a
pa3SI1TI1eTO Ha u,tllOTO Xp11CTI1SIHCKO 113KYCTSO. ~)

Mana-fbl1st e nptA11 SCI1YKO
IliOJlKaTa
Ha OHa311
U,bpKOSHa
cpopMa,
t<OstTO
cocp11HCKaTa Cs . Cocp11st, a 11MeHHO Ha 3acso,D,eHaTa KynonHa 6a311J111t<a. ~) 5e3b

Sbpxy CnOpH11SI SbnpOCb
HaCb
H"tMa
OC06HO
3a
npOH3XO>t<D.eHI1eTO
3HaYeHI1e -
w,e
Ha CaMaTa
3a6tnt>t<I1Mb
6a311JII1Ka -
CaMO, Ye
np11
HaM11paMe
,D,a ce cn11paMe
e,D,I1Hb
SbnpOCb,
CTapOXp11CTI1SIHCI<I1Tt
np11
TYKb
I<OHTO 3a
6a311Jll11<11
HaM11paMe ,D,sa np11HU,I1nl1aJlHO pa3Jli14HI1 Ha411Ha , no I<011TO e 611J1b HanpaseHb noKp11SbTb. Ha 3ana,D,b
113KiliOYI1TellHO 11 Sb xeneHI1CTI1Yect<I1Tt u,eHTpose Ha Op11eHTa Bb noseYeTo cnyYal1 cptw,aMe o6HKHOseHI1st nno<:cKb noKpl1sb, t<oiho n0411sa sbpxy AbpseHaTa I<OHCTPYKU.I1st . Bb Slf...Tp-twHOCTbTa Ha ManaA311st, A-tTo AbpseHHSITb MaTep11allb e 61111b TSbp,D,t OCI<lf...,D,eHb, ce pa3BI1Sa, nO,D,b SJli1SIHI1eTo Ha CTapoop11eHTallCKI1 Tpa,D,11U.1111, ow,e Tsbp,D,-t paHo 3acso,D,stSaHeTo Ha 6a311Ill1t<aTa . C11p11st Bb Tosa OTHOWeHI1e
3aeMa
nptXO,D,HO
noKp11sb.
no TOSa,
411TeJlHHSI
Ye Sbpxy
TbK
rnaSHI1SI
6tn-trb
Sb Mana-f\31151 OTb
Kanecl1 (o6p.
11
MtCTO,
KaTO Sb
Hest ,
Hape,D,b
Manoa311stTcKaTa 6a311Il11Ka ce OTili1Yasa
6a3HJl11KaTa
115),
IV
11
,D,O
KOpa6b
ce
xa paKTep11311pa
VI
s"tKb. ")
KOstTO
Tl1nb C!'K
3a
113,D,I1ra
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IV
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>t<anocTb
U,bpKsHTt
Cs.
3aCBO,D,SISaHeTO,
t<ynonHa
Haii-cTapHT-t
0
stKb. )
seye
noym
KnHMeHTb Sb
KOHTO
cp-tw,a
np11M"tp11
HaYanoTo
Cbsc"tMb
f\Hropa
11 nllOCI<I1SITb
c11, HO owe 11
C06CTBeHO CbCTaSSI
6a311Il11Ka.
Bb
ce
no 3acso,D,stsaHeTo
e,D,I1Hb KynOllb,
3acso,D,eHaTa
KOstTo ce ,D,aT11pa sb
Sb IOpMe,
M"tp11 OTb Clf...W,11st
Cb
o6aYe He caMo
Ta311
cpopMa ce pa3s11sa
6a3111lHKaTa
Ha
s-tKb
pa3pyweHa . ' )
(aHTHYHaTa
0TJli1-
Sb
ce
Ko,D,ma,D,aT11pa
,lJ,pyrH np11-
f\ncyra), 8)
Cs. H11-
10
9
Konai1 Sb M11pa , ) u,bpKsaTa Sb ilepe-f\w11, ) 6a31111HKaTa Bb Kacpb-116Hb- sap,D,aHb Bb C11p11st 11 ) 11 AP
3acso,D,eHaTa KynonHa 6a311Ili1Ka ,

OTb Mana-f\3Hst 11 C11p11st, A-tTo Tst
cJKw,o
KaKTO
113rnem,D,a ,
113Ye3sa
He e Moma
nocTeneHHO
OTb
VI
,D,a
ce pa3npocTpaHI1
s-tKb
SbHb
HaTaTbKb. 12) 0Tb Hest
o6aYe Sb Bl13aHT11SJ, nO,D,b SJll1stHI1eTo Ha rbS1<as11st reHI1H Ha KbCHI1st xeneHI13bMb, ce pa3s11sa Sl13aH-
1)
Cp. Die hI, Manuel, cTp. 668-681.
~)
Jos. Strz y gowski , Kleinasien , Ein

der Kunstgeschi chte, Leipzig 1903.
Neuland
3 ) Haf:i-no6p-t
e H3TbKHaTa Hanocn-EnbKb Ta3H
ponst Ha CHpHst H Mana-fi3Hst y Diehl, Manuel . CTp . 21
H 81 en.
1)
Cp. Bbpxy Hest rnaBHO St rzyg ow ski, Kleinasien,

CTp . 104-131 H Diehl, Manuel , CTp. 90-94.
') rn.
Strzygow s ki, Kleinasien, CTp. 116 en. H 162;

D i e hI , f<\anuel, CTp. 93- 9 ~ . ilHnb He npasH CTpora pa3nHKa Me)f{ny C.>ii. WHHCKaTa Kyn onHa 6a3HnHKa, I<OSITO Ce
cp-twa Bb ManaFI3Hst, H npoH3ni53naTa OTb Hest paH HOBH 3aHTHHCKa KynonHa UbpKBa , no panH I<OeTO TOH He ce
H31<CI3Ba pi5WHTenHO Bbpxy Bbnpoca 3a npOH 3X0)f{fleH HeTO

Ha Kyn onHaTa 6a3HnHKa.
r,) Str z yg ows ki , Kleinasien , CTp. 109-115 ; Leclercq y Ca brol, Dictionna ire II 557-559; Dieh I, Manuel , cTp. 91 en.
i) Strzygowski , Kleinasien , CTp. 11 4 en .
') nal<b TaMb CTp. 171 en.
V) H. R o tt, Kleinasiatische Denkmaler, Leipzig
1908, CTp. 327 en.
10) nal<b TaMb CTp. 300 Cn.
11 ) Strzygowsk i , Kleinasien , cTp. 121-131.
12) nal<b TaMb CTp. 185 ; cp. H Springer - Neuwirth, Handbuch der Kunstgeschichte II 7-MO H3n . Leipzig 1904, CTp . 38 en . ; Die hI , Manuel, CTp. 406.
ManoaJHSITCKHTE KynonHH 6a3HJlHKH
THHCKaTa KynonHa
U,bpKsa, KaTo
HaH-paHHH H THnHYHH
123
np-BncTaBHrenH
Ha
K051TO ce
51B51BaTb Cs .
VlpHHa Bb UapHrpanb H Cs. CocpH51 Bb UapHrpanb H ConyHb. Ta3H BH3aHTHHCKa u,bpKsa np-BnCTaB51
6e3b CbMH-BHHe MHoro no-cbsbpweHa
cpopMa 3a
enHa
YecTso xopa, Ha KOHTO e Tp-B6sano na ce nane

wsaHeTo
Ha
U,bpKOBHara
cny}l{6a. ETo 3aw,o
crpana,
np-BnHa3HaYeHa 3a
ron-BMo I<OnH-
enHaKso no6pa Bb3MO}I{HOCTb na cn-Bn51Tb H3Bbp

u,eHrpanHara
BH3aHTHHCKa nocrpOHKa
HaM-BpHna
TOnK03b 6bp3o H WHpOKO pa3npocrpaHeHHe, KaTo e 3anywHna Cb Toea Bb OpHeHTa _.~BBHTHeTo Ha

KynonHH51
OW,e TOH
6a3HnHKaneHb THnb,
np-BnH
na AOCTHrHe OHOBa CBOe Cb
BbpWeHCTBO, KOeTO HaMHpaMe nO-KbCHO

Ha 3ananb.
f\Ko cn-Bnb T-B3H o6w,H 6-Bn-B}I{KH
ce nOBbpHeMb naKb KbMb COcpHHCKaTa
Cs. CocpH51, To senHara ce xsbpn51Tb Bb
OYH
ns-B
1) u,bpKsaTa
o6cT051TencTsa:
np-BncTaB51 no CB051Ta cpopMa xapaKTepHa

3acsoneHa
KynonHa
6a3HJlHKa
cpopMa, cn-BnosaTenHo,
H Ta3H
MO}I{e na 6JKne
3aera caMo OTb Mana-f\3H51, H
2)
u,bp
KBaTa Tp-B6sa na 6JKne nocrpoeHa Hai1KbCHO
Bb
VI s-BKb, noHe}l{e noKbCHo
KynonHara 6a3HJlHKa Bb OpHeHTa ce H3

M-BCT51
OTb
u,eHTpanHaTa
BH3aHTHHCKa
nocTpOHKa.
Bbpxy
sTopoTo
o6cT051TencTso
H-BMa 3aw,o oco6Ho na Hacro>~saMe. HHe

ro H3TbKBaMe JYKb caMo 3a rosa, 3a na
Ce
BHAH, Ye H nO
T03H HaYHHb HaMH
paMe naKb norsbp}l{neHHe 3a naraTa Ha

U,bpKBaTa TaKa,
seye
KaKTO 5I Onp-Bn-BnHXMe
no-ropi;. nbpBOTO 06CT051TeJlCTBO,
HanpOTHBb,
OTb rpaManHO
npHHU,H-
mtaJlHO 3HaYeHHe H 3arosa w.e rp-B6ea
~B51Ba
Ce
np-BnH
npOCbTh, nanH Tp-B6sa na
BCHYKO
~--
1-
Bb
,::J...
CYHTaMe Ce.
06p. 115. -
nnaHb Ha 5a3HJlHKaTa Bb Konl!<aKaneCH

(cnopenb Strzygowski, Kleinasien, o6p. 78).
CocpH51, Karo HMaMe np-Bnb BHAb H KpbcrosHnHaTa
H cpopMa,
nHKa Bb CTporaTa
----------------------,
--------- ---------------.J'
na ce cnpeMb owe ManKo Bbpxy Hero.
3a KynonHa 6a3H
CMHCbJlb
Ha
nyMaTa, Bb
KOHTO
cnyYaH Manoa3H51TCKH51Tb
H npOH3XOAb He 6H
MOrbJlb na 6JKne nonno}l{eHb Ha CbMH-BHHe, HnH w.e Tp-B6sa na 5I c6nH}I{HMb noeeye cb BH3aHTHH
CKaTa KpbCTOBHAHa
KynonHa
U,bpKBa,
Bbnpi;KH
JlHnCaTa Ha ApyrHTi; xapaKTepHH 3a BH3aHTHHCKH51
CTHJlb OC06HOCTH.
Pa3nHKaTa Me}l{lly r-B3H nea THna u,bpKBH ce
np051B51Ba He TOnK03b Bb T-BXHH51 nnaHb H Bb
BbHWHH51 HMb BHAb, KOJlKOTO Bb HaYHHa, no KOHTO e TpeTHpaHO nOAKynOJlHOTO npocTpaHCTBO, KaKTO
H3TbKHaxMe seYe rosa no-rop-B npH APYrb cnyYaH (cTp. 113). HHe BHn-BxMe, Ye nonKynonHOTO npo
cTpaHCTBO npH Cs. CocpH51 e orpaHHYeHo KbMb c-Bsepb H KbM.b IOrb Cb MaCHBHH cr-BHH, KOHTO ro oTn-BJl51Tb OTb Hanp-BYHH51 KOpa6b, a CaMH51Tb Hanpi;YeHb KOpa6b e 3HaYHTeJlHO nOHHCbKb OTb rnaBHH51.
EcpeKTbTb OTb rosa pa3nono}l{eHHe e T03H, ye KynonbTb H3rne}l{na Karo na e
orpaHHYeHb
caM o
Bbpxy rnaBHH51 KOpa6b. npH 06HKHOBeHaTa KpbCTOBHAHa KynonHa U,bpKBa ABaTa npi;ci;YeHH KOpa6a
f\ px~<neKTypH011CTOp11'leCKI1Ti; n po6neMI1
124
Ha,ll,nb}I{HHS!Tb 1-1 Hanpi>'-IHHS!Tb -
HMaTb e,ll,HaKBa BHCO'-IHHa,
ce OTBapS! Ha BCI-1'-IKI-1 LJeTHpH CTpaHH
Cb e,l],HaKBO
TbH LJe
BHCOKI-1 apKH,
nO,ll,KynonHOTO
KOHTO
npOCTpaHCTBO
npi>MHHaBaTb
Bb
BHCOKH Ha,IJ,Jlb}I{HI-1 1-1 Hanpi>YHH u,HnHHAPHLJeCKH cso.a.ose . Cn-B.a.osaTenHo TYKb KynollbTb
e,ll,HaKBO
3aeMa
u,eH
TpallHO nOJlO}I{eHHe Bb nbllHaTa CMHCbllb Ha AyMaTa, KaKTO no OTHOWeHHe Ha rJlaBHHSI (Ha,IJ,Jlb}I{HI-151)

TaKa 11 no OTHOWeHHe Ha Hanpi>4HHSI KOpa6b .
. Ta311 pa31lHKa Ha npbBb norne.a.b
H3rJle}l{,ll,a
He3Ha'-IHTenHa, 1-10 Bb
Cli'\W,HOCTb
TSI np-B.a.CTaBSI
,ll,Ba TBbp,ll,i> Ba}I{HH MOMeHTa Bb pa3BHTHeTO Ha U,bpKOBHaTa apXHTeKTypa."( 0Tb KynOJlHaTa 6a3HJlVIKa
Cb Hanpi>YeHb Kopa6b,
KaKBaTo
Cs.
CoVISI,
.a.o
o6HKHOBeHaTa
KpbCTOBVIAHa
KynonHa
UbpKBa
OCTaBa C06CTBeHO CaMO e,ll,Ha CTi'i'\nKa : ,ll,OCTaTb'-IHO e ,l],a ce B,ll,VIrHe Hanpi>YHHS!Tb KOpa6b Ha Cli'\W,aTa
BVICO'-IVIHa Cb r1laBHHSI VI ,l],a Ce npi>MaXHaTb CTi>HHTi>, KOVITO orpa
HVI'-IaBaTb
nO,ll,KynOllHOTO
npoCTpaHCTBO
TonK03b noseye 3acny}l{aBa

coVIi1CKaTa Cs.
3aw,OTO
Bb
CoVISI
TOBa
BHVIMaHV~e
Ta3VI
TSI
Ce
Ci>Bepb
VI !Orb.
o6cTOSITellCTBOTO, Ye np1-1
CTi'i'\nKa
OTHOWeHVIe
KbMb
ow,e
He
CXO}I{,ll,a
HanpaBeHa .
nOBe'-le
Cb
CTpOHKVI OTb TVIna Ha u,apHrpa.a.cKaTa U,bpKBa Cs. CoVISI .a.osaTellHO
naKb Cb naMeTHVIU,VI OTb
si>Kb -
cn-B-
OTKOllKOTO Cb
1
Tpane3YHACKaTa XpH30Keanocb, ) MaKapb
TaKI1Ba OTb TVIna Ha

ye
VI
no-
Ta3VI nocni>AHSITa Bb o6w,VISI CVI nnaHb e
npo.a.bnrosaTa 6a-
3HllHKallHa nocTpoiiKa.
TbKMO no-no.a.po6HOTO cpasHeHVIe
u,bpKsa ( o6p.
116)
Cb coV~iicKaTa
Ha
Ta3H nocni>AHS!Ta
Cs. Co1151 HVI .a. a sa Bb3MO}I{-
HOCTb ,l],a VI3TbKHeMb OW,e nO-,ll,06pi> pa3JlVIKaTa Me}l{,ll,y KynOJlHaTa

6a311JlVIKa
Cb
Hanpi>YeHb KOpa6b
VI
KpbCTOBVI,ll,HaTa
KynOJlHa
u,bpKBa . Tpane3YHACKaTa Xp1130Keanocb, KOSITO .a.aTHpa e.a.sa OTb

XIII si>Kb,
He
np-B.a.cTaBSI
KBa,ll,paTHa
U,bpKBa
maBHVISITb
Kopa6b
YABOS!BaHe
HVIS!Tb 11
Ha
Bb
Bb
Ha
npaBOi'i'\rbllHOTO
Hanpi>4HI1S!Tb KOpa611
no-HVICbKb
MHOrO
11
Ha
KOSITO
npVI coVIHCKaTa Cs . CoVISI

e
Cli'\W,HOCTb HI1W,O
opMa
YAbll}l{eHb
CBO,ll,OBO
Ci'i'\
HanpOTVIBb
11
CaMOCTOS!TellHO
ocsi>Hb
KpbCTb,
nocpi>ACTBOMb
npoCTpaHCTBO.
npVI TOBa
rnas-
e,ll,HaKBO BI1COKVI .
Hanpi>YHVIS!Tb
TOH Vlrpae BTopoCTeneHHa
nO-CHJlHO
.a.pyro,
paBHOpaMeHeHb
pollS!.
KOpa6b
3aTOBa nbKb
113nli'\KBaTb
CTpaHVI'-IHVITi>
06p. 1 16. - nnaHb Ha UbpKBaTa Xpi1JOKe- KOpa6H. KynOllbTb Ha Tpane3yHACKaTa U,bpKBa 3aeMa u,eHTpallHO
anocb Bb TpaneJyHnb (cnopenb S t r z yg 0 w ski, Kleinas ien, o6p. 122).
Mi>CTO,
a no.a.KynollHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO ce pa3BI1Ba e.a.HaKBO
KaKTO
HanpaBJleHVIe OTb c-Bsepb KbMb !Orb. np11
rllaBHI1SI KOpa6b
4pio3b
CrBHI1Ti>, KOVITO
no HanpasneHVIe OTb VI3TOKb KbMb

coVIHCKaTa
Cs. CoVISI
KynOllbTb
npi>rpa}l{,ll,aTb nO,ll,KynOJlHOTO
3ana.a.b,
TaKa
11
e orpaHI14eHb
npOCTpaHCTBO
no
Bbpxy
KbMb Ci>Bepb
VI KbMb !Orb.
0Tb Ka3aHOTo
,ll,OTYKb
CTasa SIBHO, ye coHiicKaTa Cs. CoVISI, Bbnp-BKI1 Hanpi>YHVISI
pa6b, np-B.a.crasSI KynonHa 6a3VIllVIKa
Bb nbllHaTa
CMVICbllb
c11 KO-
Ha .a.yMaTa VI ye TSI cn-B.a.osaTellHO
MHOrO no-6JlVI30 ,ll,O KynOJlHI1rB 6a3VIJ1VIKVI Ha Mana-f\3VISI, OTKOJlKOTO

nocTpOHKVI, .a.a}l{e KOraTo rB311 nocni>AHVITi> 11MaTb 6a3VIlli1KanHa
CTOH
,ll,O BVI3aHTVIHCKVIrB KpbCTOBVI,ll,HVI
opMa, KaTO
Tpane3yHACKaTa
XpV1-
30KeanoCb.~
npVI BCe TOBa HVITO e,l],Ha OTb Tl1ni14HVITi> VI OT4aCTI1 ,ll,aTVIpaHVI MaJlOa311SITCKI1 KynOllHVI 6a3VIlli1K11,
KOI1TO 1136po11xMe no- rop-B (CTp.
122),
He e np11ro.a.Ha 3a nono.a.po6Ho cpaBHeHI1e Cb HawaTa Cs. CoVISI .
I) T ex i e r et P u II an, L' architecture byzantine,

cTp. 228 en . 11 Ta6n. 67 11 68. Cryni151Ta Ha M iII e t Bb
Bulletin de correspondance hellenique XIX, 1895, 419 en.

He Ml1 6-l;we UOCT.,nHa .
Hanp~YHH~Tb
<.. 6a3VIJIVII<aTa OTb KOA>t<a-KaneCVI ( o6p.
Kopa6b H yBenHYeHHero Ha ancHnara
115)
ce pa3JIVI4aBa TBbpAi; MHOro Bb CBOVIT-5 AeTaHJIVI, a Ta3VI
OTb IOpMe e TBbpA-5 3JI'5 3ana3eHa , 3a Aa

Ap06HO cpaBHeHVIe. nnaHOBeri; nblt<e Aa HVI
nocny>t<VI
oco6HOCTVIT'5 Ha
AaJIVI VI r-5, Kai<TO VI o6w,ara
Cso Cocjm51,
eAHa
3a Aa
VI3XOAHa
no-npVIMVITVIBHa
npVICTpOHI<VI.
Ero
nocrpol11<a,
ce
Hoser-5
HacrpaHa
'
' '
::
117), 1<051TO
----
ABi;ri; CrpaHVI4HVI OTA-5-
'.
_._:I_!i_::
HaVICTVIHa
ra3VI
Bb
LI,bp!<Ba VI Ha
nbpsara
ApyrVI
6a3VIJIVII<VI
JibTb.
06a4e
OTb
LI,bp!<Ba,
KaKro
VI
6VIHb-6VIpbI<JII1Ce,
nbpBVIT-5
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cocjJVIHCKara
nV~nacrpVI
Cs.
CocjJVI51.
Bb
BCVI41<VI
JIVInCBa
nptb,b
nOTbHI<VI
VI
npVI
anCVIAaTa
ce
3Ha4VITeJIHO OTb ocraHaJIVIT-5. Ti; VIMaTb
AOA-5TO OCTaHaJIVITi; nVIJiaCTpVI (lf,. MHOrO

TOBa CHa6AeHVI
Ha
'
i:
~
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Kyno
He caMo MHOro no-ron-5Ma Ae6enVIHa, HO VI KBaAparHa op

Ma Bb pa3p'53b,
XBbpii51 Bb 04VI ron-5Mara npVIIII1Ka Me>t<AY nr.a

Ha
3aw,o, 1<aro MVIHaBaMe
.......
VIMeHHO
,_
Hara
no-no
BVIAVIMb,
f\ VI B Bb VI3T04Hara 4aCTb Ha 6a3VIJIVIKara, seA
neHVI51
3a
T04Ka Ha Hawero
eAHa OTb 6a3VIJIVII<VIrl; Bb 6VIHb6VIpbI<JIVICe ( o6p.

e n03Hara Karo n 32 (no-paHo n 2)0 1)
f\1<0 OCTaBVIMb
VI3XOAHa T04Ka
TBbpAi; CJIO>t<HVI (MV1pa VI llepe-
11 opMa, npOV13XO>t<AaTb OTb
Mana-f\3V151, HVIe VI36VIpaMe 3a

cpasHeHVIe
Karo
OCTaHaJIVIT-5 6a3VIJIVII<VI Clf,.
f\wVI), VIJIVI nbl<b c"' 3Ha4VITeJIHO VI3M'5HeHVI orb noKbCHVI

cera l<bMb
125
---:;~;-::.~~ -
~;~.--
06p. 1170 - 6a3HnHKaTa no 32 Bb 6HHb6Hpb

KnHce (cnopenb Ramsay and Bell, The
thousand and one churches, o6po 164).
r-5CHVITi; CVI CTpaHI1
Cb nOJIYI<OJIOHVI. 8CJI-5ACTBVIe Ha TOBa 4eTBbpTVITOTO npocrpaHCTBO np'5Ab anC11AaTa, Bbpxy I<OeTO Hl1e
6.VIXMe
04ai<BaJIVI Aa Ce
crpaHcrso ce
VI3AVIfa
KynOJibTb, e
npV16JIVI>t<aBawe nose4e AO
Aa
npVIeMeMb,
peHa
Be4e
KBaAparHa
4e
VI
CVIJIHO
opMa,
6a3VIJIVIKara
Map1<11p::!HO.
HVIe He
n
32,
f\1<0
Bb06w,e
4VI51TO
VI 1<051TO Ce OTJIVI4aBa TBbpAi; MHOrO OTb
Hara opMa Ha
..;
.
:
'
:
;
.:::
''
$'
......
npo
6VIxMe ce noKone6anl1 Aa>t<e

ropH51
4aCTb
OCTaHaJIVIT-5
61-1Hb-6VIpb-I<JIHCe, e HMana KynoJib np'5Ab anCVIAara.
TOBa
Cb6o-
06a4e npaBOlf,.rbJI-
np-5A<:InCHAHOTO npocrpaHCTBO rosop1-1
I<OHCTpyKLI,I'I51, OCB'5Hb ai<O AOnycHeMb-Hi;w,o,
6a311JIVII<I1 Bb
npon1sb KynonHa
I<OeTO He e si;p051TH0-4e
~<ynoJibTb Bb T051 cny4a11 ce e H3AHranb Bbpxy enHnCOBHAHa ocHosa.
sc'5KVI
cny4aH nbpBVIr-5 ABa no-ron'5MVI 4eTsbpTVITH n1-1nacrpa He ocraB51T"h
HHI<ai<BO
CbMH-5HHe,
4e
npVI
nocrpol11<ara Ha
L.J,i:;JibTa, Aa ce OTA'5JIVI H3T04Hara 4aCTb,
4eHVIe 6HJIO Bb CMVICbJib
Ha
Karo
Hanpi;4eHb
anCHAa .
OTh Hal1sa>t<HI1T'5
cocjJVIHCKara
oco6Hocn1
Ha
6a3VIJIVII<ara
ce e roHtna
11 ce npHnaAe oco6Ho 3Ha-
1<0pa6b,
2)
eAHO yseJIH4eHHe Ha CII"W,I'IHCI<aTa
Kopa6b 1-1 yseJIH4eHHero Ha anCHAara -
Ha
6VIJIO Bb CMI'ICbJib Ha
(b TOBa HVIe
3aci;raMe AB-5
Cs. CocjJVI51 -
Hanp'54HVI51
Bbpxy I<OHTO rp-56sa Aa Ka>t<eMb
ow,e H-5KOJII<O AYMH o
,., .. 7 7 ... .. '
_~---~
.
16 6o ------ - -- ___,
'
Hanp'54HH51Tb Kopa6b Bb 6a3VIJIVII<VIr'5 ce 51B51Ba ow,e TBbpAi; pa-
HO. Ha11-crapHr-5
VI3B'5CTHI'I AOCera
npHM-5pH, A-5ro
OTb Hanp'54eHb !<Opa6b, AaTHparb ow,e OTb
HaMHpaMe
3a4aTbL.J,VI
Ill s'5Kb en. Xp., a HMeHHO
06p. 118. - 6aJHnHKa Bb Cara- xpaMbTb Ha CHpHHCI<a:ra 6orHH51 Bb XHepanOJIVICb VI eAHHb OTh xpaMOnacoCb (cnope.ub Strzygows :ki ,
~
Kleinasien , o6p . 36)
seri; Ha ocrposb CaMorpaKVI.
Oco6Ho pa3npocrpaHeHb e 6HJib Hanp'540
HH51Tb
ow,e Bb
crapara
Kopa6b Bb 3anaAHVIT'5 6a3HJIHI<H- Tol1 ce 51B51Ba HanbJIHO
6a3VIJIVII<a Ha Cs. neTbpb
Bb PHMb, 41'151TO
1) Strzygowski, Kleinasien, crp. 15 en. H 104;

Ramsay and Bell, The thousand and one churches,
London 1909, crp. 209-221
2) rn. H Strzygowski, Kleinasien, crp. 104.
_r--
nocrpol11<a
ce
pa3BI'ITb
npVInVIcsa Ha KoHcraH-
'1) Springer-Neuwirth, Handbuch der Kunstgeschichte II 7-Mo H3a. crp. 18; cpo H Neuwirth, Die Baukunst des Mittelaters, crp . 12.
126
flpxmei<rypHO-HCTOpH YeCKHT-fi n po6neMH
n1Ha
VI Bb OpVIeHTa, oco6Ho Bb Mana-f\3V151, 1) Hanp.

OTb 6a3VIJ1VII<VIrl Bb Caran~COCb Bb nVI3VI)J,VI51, 2) )J,i:.TO TOi1 owe Bb TBbp)J,t. paHHa enoxa
Bem-11<V1.
npVI )J,Bt.
-- )J,aBa Ha
HaMVIpaMe ro o6aye TBbpi:d:.
nOCTpOi1KaTa
Be4e
YeCTO
51CHO 04epTaHa
118). ,\
!<pbCTOBVI)J,Ha cpopMa (o6p.
Orb Ti:.3VI npVIMi:.pVI ce BVI>K)J,a, ye Hanpt.YHVI51Tb Kopa6b He

CaMO Ce 51B51Ba TBbp)J,i:. paHO,
TepHa
Bi:.CTHa
OCOOHOCTb 3a
HO
Ye TOi1 VI
Li,bp!<OBHaTa
He CbCTaB51
apXviTeKTypa
CaMO
xapa!<Ha
VI3-
CTpaHa. Cnt.)J,OBaTenHO HVIe we Tpt.6sa )J,a npVIeMeMb VI
Hanpt.YHVI51 Kopa6b Ha cocpV1i1cKaTa Cs. CocpV151 KaTO e)J,VIHb o6weynoTpt.6VITeneHb
eneMeHTb
Bb
Ll,bpKOBHaTa
apxVITeKTypa,
I<Oi1To Ht.Ma ront.Mo 3HaYeHVIe npVI pa3pt.wasaHeTo Ha Bbnpoca

3a npOV13XO>K)J,eHVIeTO Ha cpopMaTa Ha Ta3VI Li,bpi<Ba.
~.
VIHaKb CTOVI
BbnpocbT~
Cb ysenVIYeHVIeTo Ha anCVIAaTa Ha
Cs. CocpV151. HVIe BVI)J,i:.xMe seye no-ropt. (CTp.
120 en.),
ye
npo-
6neMaTa 3a yseJlVI4eHVIe Ha aJlTClpHOTO npOCTpaHCTBO, 1<051TO 6e3b

CbMHi:.HVIe e Vlrpana ront.Ma pon51
VI
npVI
npt.YHVI51 Kopa6b, e 6VIna pa3pt.weHa

TeKTypa no OCOOeHb Ha4VIHb,
3apa>K)J,aHeTo Ha Ha-
Bb BVI3aHTVIi1CKaTa apxVI-
VIMeHHO
4pi:.3b
BbBe>K)J,aHeTO
Ha ABt. BTopoCTeneHHVI CTpaHVIYHVI anG1)J,VI. T03VI HaYVIHb 3a yseJlVIYeHVIe Ha anTapHOTO npOCTpaHCTBO e CbBbpWeHO 4Y>KAb Ha
06p. 119. - Ubpi<Ba Bb KecrenH (cnopenb
Strzygowski, Kleinasien, o6p. 73).
no-CTapaTa Li,bpi<OBHa apxVITeKTypa Bb Mana-f\3V151. He caMo npVI

Li,bp!<BVITi:.
OTb
6VIHb-6VIpb-I<JlVICe He Cpi:.waMe
HO Bbo6we TPVITt. anCVI)J,VI Bb Mana-f\3V151 ce cpt.waTb
TBbpAt.
pt.AKO
6e3b CbMHi:.HVIe Ce HaMVIpaTb nO)J,b BJlVI51HVIeTO Ha BVI3aHTVIi1CKara

4a51Tb
npVI
VI
TO
nO)J,06HO Hi:.wo,
npVI noCTpoi1KVI, KOVITO
apXVITeKTypa, Kai<TO e
Hanp.
cny-
Li,bpKBaTa
Ycni:.HVIe Ha Cs.
3
6oropOAVILJ,a Bb HVII<e51. ) Bb YVICTO Manc>a3VI51TCI<V1Tt. Li,bp!<BVI yBeJlVI4eHVIeTO Ha anCVI-
)J,aTa CTaBa Ypi:.3b nonaraHe Ha e)J,HO YeTBbpTVITO npocTpaHCTBO npt.Ab He51.

OTb
Hai1-CTapV1Ti:.
ysenVIYeHVIe
Ha
npY!Mi:.pVI
anCVI)J,aTa
3a
EAVIHb
nO)J,06HO
cpt.waMe
NAOS
npVI
e)J,Ha Li,bp!<Ba Bb KeCTenVI Bb VfcaBpV151 (o6p.
119),
1<051TO
IV st.Kb. J)
)J,aTVIpa
Bi:.p051THO
CJKwoTo
Ht.wo
owe OTb
HaMVI,JaMe
npVI cnoMeHaTaTa BeYe no-ropt. (CTp.

6a3VIJlVIKa
0Tb
OTb KoA>Ka-KanecVI
He)J,aTVIpaHVI,
nO-I<bCHVI
Li,bp!<BVI
Mana-f\3V151
6a3VIJlVIKaTa
Bb
MomeMb
Ha
BCi:.I<VI
122)
115).
, .......................................
IJ,90 ., ....................... )
cnyYai1
Ta3VI OC06HOCTb Bb
Aa
npY!BeAeMb owe
OTb KaHVI)J,enVI
KVIJJVIKYI51 ~.)
TaKa
HO
Cb
( o6p.
VI
(Kanytelideis)
a
VI
Ha peYeHaTa
3ana)J,HaTa
)J,BOi1Ha
nonoBVIHa Ha
Li,bp!<Ba
Bb
.(i
06p. 120.
Ecpecb. u)
') Strzygowski,Kieinasien,crp.49cn.H 187; Neuwirth, UHT. Cb'-l. CTp. 21. - HanbnHO pa3BHTb Hanp-tYeHb I<Opa6b HMa H 6a3HnHI<aTa OTb V B-fil<b Ha nnaHHHaTa flnHcyMaCb 6nH30 npH KOHHSI. rn. vl3s-tcriSI pyccK.
apxeon. HHCTHT. Bb KoHcTaHTHHonon-t VI, 190 I, 421-427.
(?KWO H enHa Ubpi<Ba OTb nepre Bb naMqmnHSI, KOSITO
ce narHpa owe Bb IV s-ti<b (Rott, Kleinasiatische
Denkmaler, crp. 48 en.), HMa seYe HanbnHo pa3BHTb
Hanp-tYeHb Kopa6b.
- lS.90 -"
.......... )
n na Hb Ha Ubpi<sara Bb .ilH Hepb (cnopenb S t r z ygows ki, Kleinasien, o6p. 43).

~) Strzygowski, Kleinasien, crp. 49 en. H o6p.
35 H 37; Rott, Kleinasiatische Denkmaler, crp. 15-17.
X) .ilpyrb enHHb cnyYaH Cb rpH anCHllH HaMHpaMe
Bb Kai1a-CapbH'1b. rn. Ramsay and Bell, UHT. Cb'-l.
crp. 273 en H o6p. 233.
4) Strzygowski, Kleinasien. crp. 105.
:,) nai<b raMb crp. 51 H o6p. 40 H 41.
6 ) nai311 aHa11or1111, yse11H4eHHeTo Ha a11TapHOTO npocrpaHCTBO np11 coqmiiCt<aTa Cs. Coqm51 e HanpaseHo no T0311 Ha411Hb,
np1l3b
IV
11
t<OMTO
ce
ynoTp1>651Ba11b
Mam~-f\31151
Bb
ow.e
CT0111>TI151 , a 11MeHHO 4p1>3b no11araHeTo Ha e,!J,HO t<Ba,!l,paTHO npocrpaHCTBO npbAb c;v;.-
W.HHCt<aTa anCHll.a. Bbo6w.e 1111ncaTa Ha t<at<BI1TO 11 ,11,a
611110
crpaHI14HI1
OTA1>11eHI151
np11
anc11,11,aTa,
Kat<TO e C11y4a51Tb 11 np11 Cs. Co1151, CbCTaB51 e,11,Ha OTb Hai1-xapat<TepH11T1> oco6HOCTI1 Ha Ma11oa31151TCt<I1T1> U,bpt<BI1, OC06HO Bb npOTI1BOn0110}!{HOCTb Ha C11p11MCt<I1T1> 11 Bl13aHTI1MCI<I1T1>.
,lJ,oCTaTb4HO
3a
TOBa ,!l,a Cl1 CnOMHI1Mb Tat<I1Ba C11y4al1, Bb 1<011TO Ce np051B51BaTb noBe4e M1>CTHI1T1> OC06HOCTI1 11 1<011TO
nO-,!J,06p1; c;v;. 6111111 3ana3eHI1 OTb BbHWHI1 B111151HI151, Ka I<TO Hanp. MHOro6pOMHI1T1> U,bpt<BI-1
611pb-1<1111Ce, Ubpt<BaTa Bb ,lJ,HHepb (o6p.
120)
Bb
611Hb-
11 ,11,pyr11 n0,11,06H11.
0. Ow.e no-CI111HO w.e lnn;v;.t<HaTb Ma11oa31151TCKHT1> e11eMeHTI1 Bb u,bpt<BaTa Cs. Co1151, at<o pa3r11e,!l,aMe no-no,11,po6Ho aca,11,aTa
11.
Haii-xapat<TepHaTa
HeiiHa
oco6HOCTb
ce
3at<11to4aBa
Bb
ABtTt
CTpaHI14HI1 OT,!l,b11eHI151, 1<011TO c;v;. ,!J,OCT;v;.nHI1 CaMO OTI<bMb np1>,1l,!l,Bep11eTO 11 1<011TO 11311113aTb BbHb OTb
06p. 121. -
nnaHb Ha Ubpt<Bara Bb llepefiWH (cnopenb R 0 t t, Kleinasiat. Denkmaler, o6p. 111).
maBHI1Tt 04epTaHI151 Ha U,bpt<BaTa. napane1111Tt
3a
nO,!J,06HO
e,!l,HO pa3npt,11,1>JleHI1e
c;v;.
pb,11,1<11 11 T1> 11,1l,aTb npt11Myw.ecTBeHO nat<b OTb Mana-f\31151. no,!J,06Ho Htwo HaM11paMe,
cnoMeHaTaTa Be4e no-ropt (cTp.
125)
32
6a31111111<a n
OTb 611Hb-611pb-t<Jli1Ce (o6p.
CTap11HHaTa U,bpt<Ba Bb ,lJ,11Hepb (aHTI14HaTa Rpamea l<ibotos

ow.e OTb BptMeTO Ha I<OHCTaHTI1Ha Be11111<11 (o6p.
120).
1
)
Bb
<Pp11r1151),
t<051TO
OCBtHb
OCHOBa
rHaTI1 KY1111. np11 Bee TOBa 04eB11,1l,HO e ro11tMOTO CXOACTBO Bb TOBa OTHOWeHI1e
cxo,!J,CTBO, t<OeTo ce np051B51Ba He caMo Bb o6cT051Te11CTBOTO,
Ha
np11
11 np11 TBbpAt
,11,aT11pa
MO}!{e
np11 T1>311 ,!l,Bt U,bpt<BI1 CTpaHI14HI1T1>
11eHI151 11MaTb Hai1CTI1Ha t<Ba,!l,paTHa <fJopMa 11 c;v;. C11Y}!{I11111 MO}!{e 611 3a
Co1151 -
117),
113BbHpe,!l,HO
nO-BI1COI<O
OTp,t113,11,11-
Cb co11MCt<aTa
ye 11 Bb Tp11T1> cny4a51
611
Cs.
CTpa-
HI14HI1T1> OT,!J,t11eHI151 c;v;. ,!J,OCT;v;.nHI1 CaMO OTI<bMb np1>,1l,!l,Bep11eTO, HO OUJ.e 11 Bb TOBa, 4e Th311 OT,!l,t11eHI151 HaBCtt<;v;.,!l,t 11311113aTb BbHb OTb 06W.1151 nJJaHb
Ha
U,bpt<BI1T1>,
TbM
4e
Ce
51B51BaTb
n04TI1
t<aTO
CbBCtMb caMOCTOMHI1 np11cTpoiit<11. Tat<11sa CTpaHI14HI1 OT,!J,tneHI151 HaM11paMe 11 np11 ,11,pyr11 Htt<OI1 Ma110a31151TCKI1 u,bpt<BI1, t<at<TO Hanp. Bb ,IJ,epe-Rw11 (o6p.
1) Strzygowski, Kleinasien, crp. 56.
121)
11 Bb H11t<e51.
128
F\p X1-1TeKTYPHO-HCTOpHYeCKHrt np06JleMH
5a311Jli1KaTa n
Cb Cs
~bpKSaTa Sb )J.HHepb 11MaTb
32 Sb 611Hb-611pb-KllHCe 11
OW,e 11 TOSa
o6wo
Co11S1, Ye aca,o.11ri:. 11 Sb rp11ri:. cnyYaSI ce SlsSisaTb KaTO nbnHI1 cri:.HI1, sb KOI1TO c/11. OTBo-
peHI1 no rp11 spar11: cpi:.,D,HSITa no-roni:.Ma 11 ,o.si:. CTpaHI14HI1 no-MallK11. KonKOTO T0311 S11Ab Ha aca,o.ara 11 ,o.a ce 0Tlll14asa Ha npbSb nornenb OTb xapaKTepH11Ti:. 3a C11p11HCKI1Ti:. ~bpKSI1 cpaca,o.11, KOI1TO
ce cpi:.w,aTb snpoYeMb 11 Sb caMaTa Mana-fhi1S1, see naKb SISHa
e rlcHara
spb3Ka ,
CTsysa Mem,o.y e,o.HI1Ti:. 11 ,o.pyr11ri:.. HeKa S3eMeMb 3a np11Mi:.pb Ha raKasa e,o.Ha

naKb e,o.Ha OTb ~bp1<s11rl Bb 611Hb-611pb-Klli1Ce, a 11MeHHO 6a311lli1Kara n o
KOSITO c/il.w,e-
,c11p11i1cKa"
3 (o6p. 122). TyKb cpi:..o.
HSITa YaCTb Ha aca,o.ara He
seye ~t.na crtHa,
e,o.Ha orsopeHa crpi:.xa, KOSITO no cpi:.,o.ara

HSITa
Cl1
CTpaHa Ce
CTpaHI1 Ce HaM11paTb
aca,o.a
Ha npi:.,o.-
1<pi:.n11 Ha e,D,I1Hb CTbJl6b.
0T-
naKb C/ii.W,I1n HaSbHb 3aTSO-
peHI1 OT,D,i:.lleHI1SI, 1-iO 6e3b ,D,a Ce 113,D,aSaTb OTb 06W,I1SI

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1 I
I I
I I
I
I
I
I
Ha Mi:.CTOTO
~i:.na
ce 113Mi:.CTSITb
Ha OTSOpeHaTa CTpi:.xa
nnaHb Ha aca,o.ara, KO~To HaM11paMe np11 6a311ll11Kara
cTi:.Ha,
,o.a
3a
,o.a nonyYI1Mb OH311
32 OTb 511Hb-611p-b-I<Jli1Ce 11 np11
~bpKSaTa
OTb
)J.I1Hepb.
I
I
I
I
xeneHI1CTI14eCKI1SI Tl1nb Ha 6a311Jl11KC'Ta, KO~lTO e OC06HO
Karo ce s3eMe ow,e npi:.,o.b SI1,D,b, Ye np11
pa3npocrpaHeHb Ha 3ana,o.b, npi:.Msep11ero sbo6w,e
mmcsa, KaTO Ce 3aMi:.HSI OTb W11p0Kb ,D,SOpb Cb K0Jl0-
I :
I
I
I
CaMO HaSbHb 11
or,o.i:.neHI1SI
,o.a ce nocras11
Ti:.311
I
I
I
-..
-...
I
nnaHb. Ocrasa
Ha,D,I1 (atrium), TO He OCTasa HI1KaKSO CbMHi:.HI1e,
ye
cpaca,D,HI1SITb Tl1nb, KOHTO Hl1 3aHI1Masa, e Sb3HI1KHallb
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
113Klli0411TellHO Sbpxy C11p11HCKO-ManOa311SITCKa nOYSa.
'
no,o.06Ha cpaca,o.a HaM11paMe OW,e
np11 e,o.Ha
MHOro samHa 3a cpasHeHI1e ~bpKsa Sb Kacpb-116Hb-
1 I
I I
I I
I
I
sap,o.aHb Sb ~eHrpanHa C11p11S1 (o6p.
123), KOSITO, Sb
npOTI1SOnOllO>I<HOCTb Ha C11p11HCKI1Ti:. 0611KHOSeHO KaMeHHI1 nOCTpOHKI1, e Cbrpa,o.eHa n04TI1 113KJli0411TellHO

o:b ryxneHb Marep11allb. 1) Bbo6w,e TSI 11 Sb ,o.pyr11
OTHOWeHI1SI Ce OTJll14aSa 3Ha411TellHO OTb C11p11HCKI1Ti:.
~bpKSI1, KaTO
ce np116lll1>1<aSa
nOSeYe KbMb MallO
a311SITCKI1Ti:.. 2) Ta311 ~bpKsa, KOSITO 11Ma 11 rosa roni:.Mo

npi:.11Myw,ecrso, Ye e TOYHO ,o.ampaHa (564 r. en. Xp),
n)
06p. 122.-nnaHb Ha 6a 3111111 KaTa no 3 Bb 6J.1Hb-6Hpb- npi:.,o.crasSI no opMaTa Cl1 411CTa KynonHa 6a311 KnHce (cnopellb Ramsay a nd Bell, The thousand
n111<a Cb rp11 Kopa6a, crpaHI14HI1rl OTb KOI1TO 11MaTb
and o ne churches, o6p. 13).
..~no ,o.s.~- KO-
eMnOp11 11 OK OT,D,blleHI1 OTb rnaSHI1SI Cb
JlOHI1. F\nc11,o.ara e srpa,o.eHa

/il.rbllHO
Sb ,o.e6ena cri:.Ha 11 e YAbllH<eHa
npocrpaHcrso no Manoa311SITCKI1 o611Yai1 (cp. crp.
xapaKTepH11n 3a crap11Ti:. C11p11HCKI1 ~bpKSI1
Cb ne>t<aw,ero npi:.,o.b HeSI
YeTSbpT11TH OT,D,i:.JleHI1SI.
caMO Sb rosa,
KYll11,
ye
127)
npaso-
126). OrcrpaHI1 Ha anc11,o.ara ce HaM11parb

npi:.A,D,sep11eTO e cpnaHK11paHO
TOH<e Cb ,D,Si:. CTpaHI14HI1 YeTSbpT11TI1 OT,D,i:.lleHI1SI, KOI1TO 113Jll13aTb SbHb OTb

KSaTa, C/ii.W,O KaKro np11 cnoMeHaTI1Ti:. no-ropt. ( crp.
06W,I1SI
nnaHb
Ha
~bp
~bpKSI1 Sb Mana-fb11S1. Pa3Jli1Kara ce CbCTOI1
Sb Kacpb-116Hb-Eap,o.aHb crpaHI14HI1Ti:. or,o.i:.neHI1SI, Bbpxy KOI1TO C/11. ce 113,o.11ran11
CJK ,o.ocr/il.nHI1, KaKTO 113rnem,o.a, He OTKbMb npi:.Msep11ero, a Hanpaso orsbHb.

ct:>aca,o.ara OTb Kacpb-116Hb-sap,o.aHb noKa3sa 113Si:.CTHO cxo,o.crso Cb Ta311 OTb Cs. Co11S1 He caMo
Sb nnaHb, HO 11 Sb ropHSITa nocrpoi1Ka. Ero KaKb TSI ce on11csa OTb Crp11rosc1<11:

1)
92 - 95.
Strzygowski, Klein asien , cTp. 121-131 H o6p.
2) nalAerpoi1KH 11 e npopi>3aHa OTb 6oraro rpyn11paH11 npo3opu,11 11 spaTH.
,Uoni> Bb epi>AaTa ee H3M11pa rnasHara spaTa, OTCTpaH11 )J,Ba KBa,IJ,paTHH npo3opeu,a. Ha Ta311 Tpoi1Ka
orrosap51Tb Bb ropH1151 eTa>Kb neTb BHeOKH npo3opeu,a eb Kprr:.rnH apt<H. KbMb Ttxb ee np11ebe,IJ,I1H51Ba
Bb no,IJ,o6HHTi> Ha KYllH eTpaHH4HH t<p1111a Haii-Hanpi>Ab
,IJ,oni>
e,IJ,Ha no-ManKa spaTa, Bbpxy He51 e,IJ,I1Hb

nonyKprr:.ro.nb 11 ow,e no-rop-E e,IJ,I1Hb no,IJ,o6eHb, HO no-s11eOKb npo3opeu,b " . 1) n p11 Cs. Coqm51 ebOTHOweHI1eTo Ha OTBOpHTi> Bb )J,BaTa eTa>Ka e o6paTHO ; Bb )J,OJ1HH51 eTa>Kb
11M a Me nOBe4e OTBOpH
spaTH 11 4eTHPH npo3opeu,a), a Bb ropH1151 eaMo TPH , BHeOKH np03opu,H eb Kprr:.rnH apt<H".
(TpH
np11 see
TOBa HMa roJli>MO eXO)J,eTBO Me>KAY ABi>Ti> aea)J,H 11 TO ee 3aKJ1104aBa He eaMO Bb enHaKBaTa opMa
Ha nose4eTo OTb npo3opu,11Ti> 11 Ti>XHaTa rpyn11posKa , HO TaKa err:.w,o 11 Bb 1111neaTa Ha p,pyrb ,IJ,eKopaTHBeHb eneMeHTb, OeBi>Hb Kprr:.rnHTi> apKH Ha np030pl.I,11Ti>, K011TO H3nrr:.t<BaTb nopa,IJ,H
OeOOHOTO
Ha pem,IJ,aHe Ha TYXllHTi> .
I opeHb eTa >H:b
06p. 123. -
nnaHb Ha 6 a3HnHKaTa Bb KacpbH6Hb sapnaHb (cnopenb St rz yg ow ski, Kleinasien , o 6 p. 92).
f\HanorH4Ha
HMeHHO
np11
err:.wo nO,IJ,b
aea,IJ,a HaMHpaMe ow,e Bb e,IJ,HHb eny4ai1, 11 TO se4e Ha esponeiieKa no4sa, a
oxpHAet<aTa Cs. Co1151 (o6p.

Manoa31151TeKo
BJ11151HHe.
34), K051TO Bb TOBa OTHoweHHe Tpi>6sa ,IJ,a ce HaMHpa
Hei1HaTa aea,IJ,a, naHK11paHa OTb xapaKTepHHTi> 4eTBbpTHTH
OTAi>neHH51, ,IJ,aT11pa HaHeTHHa e,IJ,sa OTb XIV stKb.:?) 06a4e Bbnpoeb e, ,IJ,aJlH T51 He ee H3)J,I1ra Bbpxy
no -eTapH OeHOBI1 .
\ Manoa3H51TeKHTi> BJ11151HH51 Bb u,bpKBaTa Cs . Cq1151 He ee orpaHI14aBaTb eaMo B~ nnaHa , HO
MoraTb ,IJ,a ee KOHeTaT11paTb 11 Bb ropH51Ta noeTpoi1Ka . Ha nbpso Mi>eTo 3aenymasa ,IJ,a ee enoMeHe
Bb TOBa OTHOWeHHe Ha411HbTb, no KOHTO err:. Hape,IJ,eHI1
np030pU,HTi> Bb rpyn11 , no nsa 111111 no TpH,
TbH 4e He eaMO )J,a eny>KaTb 3a OeBi>TJleHHe, HO ,IJ,a ,IJ,i>H~TByBaTb Bb err:.w,OTO spi>Me 11 KaTO )J,eKOpaTHBHH
eneMeHTH .
To3H
Ha4HHb
3a
Hapem,IJ,aHe
npo3opu.HTi> e xapaKTepeHb
HMeHHO 3a
a31151TeKI1Ti> u,bpKBI1. n11neaTa Ha eMnop11 Bb Cs. Co1151 ee 51B51Ba err:.w,o KaTo Manoa3H51TeKa
1) naKb TaMb CTp. 124.

Ca. Co4> H .
~)
rn.
Manooeo6e-
UHTHpaHaTa Ha CTp. 48 3a6. 2 flHTepaTypa.

17
Apxi.netnypHO HcropHYecKHT-t npo6neMH
130
HOeTb. 1) Bb 6HHb - 6~-tpb-Km1Ce eMnop~-trt ee cptw,arb t<aTO H3t<JliOYeHHe caMe Sb 6a3HJ1Ht<ara n 32. 2)
Tt n~-tnesarb ei\'\w,o 1-1 np~-t 6a3HJ1Ht<ara Sb KeerenH, t<at<TO 1-1 np1-1 U.bpt<sara YcntHHe Ha Cs. 6oropo.o,Hu,a Sb HHt<eSI, Mat<apb ra3H
noent.o,HS!Ta .o,a He e .o,ame
6a3HJlHKanHa
noCTpoi1t<a Sb nbnHara
CMHebnb Ha .o,yMara. Hai1-nocnt YHCTO Manoa3HSITCKa Yepra Sb Cs. Cocp~-tS! e 1-1 n~-tneara, Sb nporHsononoH<HOeTb
eHp~-t~kt<Hrt 1-1 SH3aHTHHCKHrt
Ha
u,bpt<sH,
t<at<saro 1-1 .o,a 6~-tno
Ha
no-6orara
Si\'\-
3aeso.o,eHa
t<y-
rptwHa .o,et<opaU.HSI.
--. np~-t HanHYHoerbra Ha seHYKH
6a3HJlHt<a, n~-tnea Ha erpaHHYHH
nonHa
nemaw,ero nptAb HeSI YeTsbpr~-tro
no-6oraTa
SJHptwHa
He nOAJleH<H
Ha Manoa3HSITet<aTa
Cs. Cocp~-tS!
CTpaHHYH~-trt
no rp~-t
no .o,sa HnH
.o,et<OpaU,HSI -
TSbp.o,t eHJlHO SJlHSIHHeTO

.o,aMe U.bpt<sara
or.o,tneHHSI np~-t ane~-t.o,ara,
npoCTpaHcrso,
.o,aHero Ha npo3opu,~-trt sb rpyn~-t
t<aro e.o,Ho
Ha HHI<at<SO
U.bpt<OSHa
ysen~-tYeH~-te Ha ane~-t.o,ara
or.o,tneHHSI
Ha
YaeTH HaMHpaTb
Hai1-6nH3KH
ebMHtHHe, Ye Sb HeSI ee npOS!SSISa
apXHTet<rypa. npH see TOSa, aKO pa3rne
u.tno, 6e3b .o,a 5I pa3naraMe
Ha
Hei1H~-trt
eberasHH ene-
3ana3Sa CBOS!Ta nbnHa eaMOeTOHHOeTb H
aHaJlOIHH Bb Manoa3HSITet<aTa
J.13JlH3a
Hapem-
n~-tneara Ha
Kont<oro Orb e.o,Ha CTpaHa 1-1 .o,a He no.o,neH<H Ha er-MHtH~-te, Ye Hei1H~-trt
Apyra CTpaHa e SIBHO, Ye TSI OTYaeTH
Ypt3b
cpaea.o,ara,
n~-tneara Ha eMnop~-t,
Haen.Ho,
MeHTH, w,e rpt6sa .O,a npH3HaeMb, Ye TSI t<aTO noCTpOi1t<a

op~-trHHanHoerb.
u,bpt<sara Cs. Cocp~-tS! -
rt3H oco6HoerH Ha
U.bpt<OBHa
or.o,tnHH
apXHTet<rypa, TOJli<OBa OTb
BbHb OTb paMKHTt J.1 rpa.0,11l.l,J.1HTt Ha Ta3H
apXHTeK-
rypa. Ero 3aw,o Mem.o,y Manoa3HS!Tet<Hrt u,bpt<sH He HaM~-tpaMe H11TO e.o,Ha, KOSITO 61-1 Morna .o,a ee
epaBHH eb eocp~-ti1ct<ara Cs. CocpHS! Bb sett<o orHoweH~-te. Hai1-exo.o,Ha e see nat<b 6a3HnHt<ara n " 32
Bb 6~-tHb-6~-tpb-t<Jl~-tee (o6p. 117). 06aYe
Yasa He ront<03b Bb n~-tncara Ha
t<aro
t<ynonbTb
3HaYeHHe,
Tbi1
U.bpt<BH -
KOJli<OTO Bb o6eTOSITeneTSOTO,
narHHCKHSI t<pbeTb -;-,
Mat<apb
Hei1Horo e!'i\.w,eCTseHo pa3nHYHe orb Ca. CocpHS! ee 3at<Jl10

Htw,o, t<oero Bb enyYaSI He 6~-t HMano
t<ynonb -
caMb no ee6e CH e MHOro

Ye
6a3HJlHKaTa
np~-tremasa
11 .o,a
pa3npoCTpaHeHb
Bb
sb
6HHb6Hpb-I<JlHee
HanptYeHb
t<opa6b.
Yasa Ta3H U,bpt<Ba OTb MaJlOa3HSirCt<Hrt, Karo 5I npH6JlHH<aBa
Manoa3HS!Tet<Hrt
HtMa
Bbo6w,e
cpopMa Ha naTHHet<H t<pbeTb Bb eocp~-ti1et<ara Cs. Cocp~-tS! e OH3H eneMeHTb,
nbpBOCTeneHHO
t<oi1ro
cpopMara Ha
SleHo
H3paJeHara
Hai1-MHOro
ornH-
Orb .o,pyra erpaHa l<bMb pOMaHeKHrt
Sb 3ana.o,Ha Espana.
Pa3nHYHe MOH<eMb .o,a
Ha~-ter~-tHa 1-1 Bb
cptw,arb
cnoMeHeMb 3a np11Mtpb
H~-tt<eSI, 6a3HJlHKara
Marep~-tanb
ryxneHa
sb
Sb
rt3H
noCTpoi1t<a.
KOHerar~-tpaMe 1-1 Bb erpo~-trenHHSI M<nepHanb. TyxneHH noCTpoi1t<H ee
B!'i\.rptwHoerbra
.o,soi1Hara
Ha
t<at<ro 11 Bb C11p1-151 -
.o,oerarbYHO e .o,a
U.bpt<sa Sb 10Yb-ai1at<b, Ca. Kn~-tMeHrb Sb f\Ht<Hpa, YentHHe Bb
KaepbH6HbBap.o,aHb
erpaHH e t<aMbt<bTb.
Tosa
Mana-f\31-151,
pa3nHYHe
J.1
AP-
npH
Cocp~-ti1et<ara
see
rosa
06HKHOBeHI1Sirb crpo~-treneHb
Cs. Cocp~-tS! e,
HanporHBb,
H3t<Jll04~-trenHo
w,e rpt6sa .o,a ce o651eHH 6e3b CbMHtHI1e eb snHSIH~-tero Ha
MterH~-trt yenosHSI. Cs. Cocp~-tS!, t<at<ro ee SHH<.o,a,
3ana3Ba ow,e Sb rosa orHoweHHe, Bb npor~-tsono
nomHoerb Ha nO-KbeHI1rt BH3aHrHHeKH noerpoi1t<H Cb eMteeHb Marep11aJlb, rpa.o,HU,HI1rt Ha pHMeKHSI

HaYHHb Ha rpa.o,eH<b, SbBe.O,eHb J.1 pa3npoerpaHeHb y Haeb npt3b sptMe Ha pHMeKOrO SJla.O,HYeeTBO
Bb M~-t3HSI 1-1 Tpat<HSI .
Hai1-noent
oerasa
.o,a
CBO.O,OBe, KOHrO Ci\'\ no-npHIO,[I,HI-1
3a6tntH<HMb, ye Sb Mana-f\31-151
npH
KaMeHHara
npto6na.o,asarb
U.HJlHHAPHYeet<Hrt
I<OHCTPYKU.I-151. npH Ca. CocpHS! HaMHpaMe, Hanpo-
rHSb, t<pberar~-t MOHacr~-tpet<H cso.o,ose, Cb CbsetMb ena6o H3ni\'\t<HanH pe6pa. Kat<ro sH.o,txMe no-ropt
(erp. 114), TOJH HaYHHb Ha 3aeso.o,SIBaHe ow,e Sb Ill 1-1 IV stt<b e 6~-tnb ront<03b pa3npoerpaHeHb Bb
CocpHS! , Ye ce e ynorpt651Banb .o,ame 1-1 npH rat<HBa
xp~-terHSIHet<Hrt
rpa.o,eHH
rpo6HHU,H.
Cnt.o,osarenHo
He3HaY~-trenHH
noerpoi1t<H,
t<at<s~-tro ei\'\ erapo-
Jaeso.o,SIBaHero Ha Ca. Cocp~-tS! eb t<pberarH eso-
.o,ose HaM~-tpa esoero o651cHeHHe Sb rpaAHU.HHrt Ha MterHoro erpo~-trenHo H3t<ycrso. Cb rosa,

6~-tpa ee, He Het<al'1b .o,a
1)
2)
KaH<a, Ye t<pberarHSITb CBO.O,b
Cp H Die h I, Manuel, crp. 84.

rn. Ramsay and Bell , u11r. CbY. crp. 209 ;
Ce
pa3SJ.1Jlb
cp. 11 crp. 32111323 .
eaMOerOSireJlHO Ha
pa3-
MterHa
131
Pa3JJH4He Ha Cs. Cocpmr OTb Manoa3H5!TCKHTt. UbpKBH
n04Ba. lJ.a}l{e 11MaMe A0CTaTb4HO OCHOBaHI1e Aa npi>AnOnaraMe, 4e 11 TO~ ce e n051BI1nb Ha~-Hanpi>Ab

Bb Mana-f\31151, 1)
Ai>TO
MO}I{e 611 CaMO He
06aye Bb HaWI151 cnyYa~ 11Ma
no-roni>Mo
MOrbnb
Aa
A0CTI1rHe
nO-W11p01<0
pa3npoCTpaHeHI1e.
o6cT051TencTBOTO, Ye Bb Cocjm51 TO~ ce e yno-
3Ha4eHI1e
Tpi>651Banb MHOro spi>Me npi>AI1 Cbrpa}I{AaHeTo Ha caMaTa Cs. Cocjm51 11 ye nrEAUBaTenHo

npi>HaC51He OTb Mana-f\31151,
\. Yf
TaKa
Hl1e
ai<O e 11Mano
B11}1{AaMe,
Ye
np11
noA06Ho
BbnpOCbTb,
Tpi>6sa Aa e CTaHano
Cbrpa}I{AaHeTo Ha Cs. Cocp1151, HapeAb
Bni151HI151, Ci'K 11rpan11 Ba}I{Ha pOn51 11 Mi>CTHI1Ti>

I<YCTBO. >IB51Ba ce TOraBa
Hi>w,o,
ycnOBI151,
n11
AOCTaTb4HI1
TpaAI1U.1111Ti>
Ci'K Ti>311
X0}1{AeHI1eTO Ha apx11Tei<TOHCI<aTa cpopMa Ha cocp11~CI<aTa Cs.
Ha
MHOro
HerOBOTO
no-paHo.
Cb
Manoa31151TCI<I1Ti>
Mi>CTHOTO
CTp011TenHO 113-
ycnOBI151, 3a Aa Hl1 0651CH51Tb
Cocp1151,
rnaBHO
Ha
np0113-
naTI1HCKI151 KpbCTb,
I<O~TO HaM11paMe Bb He~HI151 nnaHb? Mo}l{e n11 Aa ce AOnycHe, 4e HOBOTO, KOeTO Ta311 cpopMa npi>ACTaB51 no OTHOWeHI1e Ha nO-CTap11Ti> U,bpKOBHI1 nOCTp0~1<11, e MOrnO Aa ce n051BI1 Ha Mi>CTHa
6e3b yyacnteTO Ha Apyr11

Bb
3aBI1C11
roni>Ma
CTpaHI14HI1
CTeneHb
Bni151HI151?
3a
Aa
OTrOBOp11Mb Ha Ti>311
apx11TeKTYPH0-11CTOp114eCKOTO
npi>A11 BCI141<0 Aa XBbpn11Mb eA11Hb norneAb Bbpxy
3Ha4eHI1e Ha Cs. Cocp1151,
Bpb3KI1Ti> Ha Ta311 U,bpKBa
n04Ba,
BbnpOCI1, OTb K011TO
Cb
Heo6XOA11MO e
3anaAHOeBpone~
CKaTa pOMaHCKa a pX11TeKTypa.
4. Cs. CocpVI7! VI poMaHcKaTa UbpKOBHa apxVIreKrypa

Ha Hi>I<OnKO ni'KTI1 Be4e AOCera Hl1e 3aCi>raxMe
MI1MOXOA0Mb Bbnpoca
cocp11~cKaTa Cs. Cocp1151 11 poMaHCKI1Ti> u,bpKBI1. HeKa Aa B11A11Mb

no-nOAp06HO,
Bi>CTHI1 a pX11Tei<TypH11 cpOpM11

TOBa
CTaB51Tb
T. e.
Tpi>6Ba
3a
HaCb
CaMO
Me}I{AY
,.r--
AOKi'KAt, ce npOCT11pa TOBa CXOACTBO 11 I<ai<BI1 3a-
Knl04eHI151 MO}I{eMb Aa 113BaA11Mb OTb Hero 3a
np11
3a CXOACTBOTO
Aa
Bb
Bni151HI1eTO Ha 113-
eAHO 11n11 Apyro Han pasneHI1e.
3a6i>'li>}I{I1Mb,
4e
Ti>311
BbnpOCI1
npi>n-
11HTepeCb CaMO OTb XpOHOnOri14HO rneA11W,e,
AOTOnKOBa, AOKOnKOTO
Ti>
11MaTb 3Ha4eHI1e,
3a
Aa
On pt,At,ni1Mb np110p11TeTa Ha eneMeHTI1Ti>, 1<011TO HaM11paMe KaKTO

npl1
CB.
Cocp1151,
np11411Ha He
11
Bnl13a
TaKa 11
Bb
poMaHCKI1Ti>
ll,bpKBI1.
Bb HaWI1Ti> 3aAa411 Aa npaBI1Mb
no
Ta311
nonpo6Ho
1134epnaTenHO cpaBHeHI1e Me}I{AY eAHaTa 11 Apyri1Ti> noCTpO~KI1.

Ha
Me}I{AY
CTBOTO
(rn.
nbpBo
124)
o6p.
3eHaTa
Bb
cyBaHe
Mi>CTO
Tpi>6sa
Aa
OT6i>ni>}I{I1Mb,
Cs.
Cocp1151
11 poMaHCKI1Ti> np11MI1TI1BHI1
ce
3ai<niOYaBa
npi>A11
BCI14KO
Bb
Ye CXOAU.bpKBI1
51CHO
113pa-
nnaHa cpopMa Ha naTI1HCKI1 KpbCTb, 3a 411eTO o6p11He06XOAI1Mb He CaMO HanbnHO pa3BI1Tb Hanpi>4eHb
KOpa6b, HO TaKa Ci'KW,O 11 npi>AanC11AeHb I<BaApaTb, KO~TO cny}l{l1

3a ysen11YeH11e Ha anTapHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO. Tosa CXOACTBO
611Ba
Bb
OC06HO Ba}I{HQ 3Ha4eHI1e,
no-rapt, ( CTp.
TaKa,
e
KaTO ce
11Ma
ManOa31151TCI<aTa U,bpi<OBHa apXHTei<Typa,
130), He
I<ai<TO ro
51BI1na
e 6~-tnb
BI1Ab,
4e
KaKTO 113TbKHaXMe
ce cpi>w,a cpopMaTa Ha naTI1HCI<I151 I<pbCTb
HaM11paMe
np11
Cs. Cocp1151.
Ha~-Hanpi>Ab
Ta311
cpopMa,
A11CKYT11paHb,
6e3b
Aa
ni1TeneHb OTroBOpb.~)
npi>Ab
A0-
Bb
ce
AOCera
Hai1CTI1Ha
Bbo6w,e
ce
I<O~TO 4eCTO
BbnpOCb,
AO~Ae
Mana-f\31151
Ki'KAi>
AO 3aAOBO-
AOcera
He
HaMi>peHa U,bpi<Ba, 411~TO nnaHb Aa 11Ma 51CHO 113pa3eHaTa cpopMa

Ha
naTHHCKI151
KpbCTb -;-.
np11 BCe TOBa, I<aTO
Ce B3eMe npi>Ab
I) C hoi s y, L'art de batir chez les Byzantins, crp.
154 en.; cp. H Die h I, Manuel, crp. 89 en.

~)
rn. Kraus, Gesch. der christlichen Kunst II 8 en.;
06p. 124.- llnaHb Ha UbpKsara Bb CeHbraneHb OTb 830 r. (cnopenb De hi o und

Bezold, I ra6n. 42).
Neuwirth, Die Baukunst des Mittelalters, crp. 80 H 87,

nt.ro e UHTHpaHa H no-crapara JJHTeparypa.
132
A pxHretnypHOVICTOpHYeoo-nt n po6neM VI
BH,!l,b, 4e Bb Ta3H CTpaHa HaMHpaMe HanbilHO pa3BHTH 1-1 ,D,BaTa eneMeHTa, He06XO,!l,HMH 3a JlaTHHCKI-151
KpbCTb,
HMeHHO
Hanpb4HH51
KOpa6b
1-1
KBa,D,paTHOTO
npOCTpaHCTBO
npi;,D,b
anCH,D,aTa,
MHOrO
si;po51THO, Ye BbnpocHaTa cpopMa e 61-1na Cb3,D,a,D,eHa HaH-Hanp-E.D.b HMeHHO Bb Manaf\31-151. 1) I13B-tcTHH

.D.pyrH o6cTOsiTencTBa rosop51Tb CJl'.Llf,O Bb non3a Ha TOBa np-t,D,nono<eHHe. TaKa Hanp. Bb Mana-f\31-151
H3BbHpe.D.HO
MHoro
pa3npocTpaHeHa
KpbCTOBH,D,HaTa
H nHncsa
CK151 KpbCTb caMo no TOBa, Ye
cpopMa
T,
K051TO
ce
pa3IlH4aBa
KBa,D,paTbTb npi;,D,b ancH,D,aTa (rn. o6p.
YeMb Hanocni;,D,bKb Gil. 06HapO,D,BaHH CKHLJ,I-1
OTb e,D,Ha si;p051THO OLLI,e
OTb
naTHH -
125-128). ~)
CTapoxpHCTH51HCKa
Bnpo-
U,bpKBa Bb
3
MeconoTaMI-151,' ) np1-1 K051TO T03Y1 KBa,D,paTb HMa seYe c;;;Llf,aTa cpopMa,
ll>t<HHb,D,eHpMeHe Bb c-tsepHa
KaKTO np1-1 poMaHCKHT-t u,bpKBH,
KaTo H3IlH3a BbHb OTb
Y13T04HaTa
CT-EHa
Ha
U,bpKBaTa.
Ha
sc-EKH
cnyYaH np-t3b VI s-EKb, KaKTO noKa3Ba u,bpKBaTa Ha Po>t<,D,eCTBO XpHCTOBO Bb BHTneeMb (o6p.
cpopMaTa
Bbn~OCHaTa
Tp-t6sa
seye
,D,a
CJl'.Lll,ecTBysana
U,bpKBa npOH3XO>K,D,a OTb TOBa
Bb
OpHeHTa,
Bpi;Me.~)
aKo
HaHCTHHa
HaH-nocni; OCTaBa
,D,a
,D,HeWHH51Tb
cnoMeHeMb,
U,bpKBa, Bb K051TO, KaKTO H3rJJe>t<,D,a,
cpopMaTa Ha JlaTY1HCKY151 KpbCTb ce 51B51Ba 3a cera
esponeHCKa
Hape-
noYBa, a
HMeHHO
TbH
129),
BH.D.b
4e
1-1
Ha
Ta3H
HaH-paHO
Ha
YeHaTa Rocella del Vescovo di Squillace Bb

Kana6pH51,
noKa3Ba
51BHO
opHeHTaJJCKH
BilY151HY151.:')
:________ .
II
I . . . . . ..
.
'
=-~
:
'
__J::
"1-./ :
.
.!
; .;
--06p. 125. - Ubpt<sa sb KypwyHn)!{y (cnopenb Ramsay and 8 e II, u. c. o6p. 276).
np1-1
n051BHila
TaKHBa
YCilOBI-151
HaH-Hanp-E.D.b
~-- ----~t
~ ~;
'
'.
He
cpopMaTa
+.
:'
' .
-I
': : i
~!
'!
..
06p. 126. - UbpKsa Sb Ct<ynH Sb KananoKVIS! (cnopenb

R 0 t t , UVIT. CbY. o6p. 66).
OLLI,e
Bb3MO>t<HO
HaHCTHHa,
T51
,D,a
Ce
np-t,D,cTaB51
Ka>t<e
Cb
e,D,HHb
nOilO>KHTeilHOCTb,
OTb
,D,i;
HaH-xapaKTepHHT-t
Ce
ene-
MeHTH Ha poMaHCKaTa U,bpKOBHa apXY1TeKTypa, HO Y13fJle>K,D,a ,D,a He e 4Y>K,D,a Y1 Ha MaJlOa3H51TCKaTa apXH -
1) Strzygowsk i, Kleinasien, crp. 221.

3a ra3H cpopMa rn. y Ramsay
and 8 e II. The thousand and one churches, crp. 340-428,
ntro ce H36poS!saTb MHOro6poi1HH npHMtpH. Cp. VI
Die hI, Manuel, crp. 95 Cb 3a6 . 2.
::) M. van Berchem und Strzygowski, Fl.mida,
Heidelberg 1910, crp. 268 Cb o6p. 210.
~) 06VIKHOSeHO Ce CYHTa, Ye UbpKsara Ha PO)!{lleCTSO XpVICTOSO Sb BHTneeMb, KOS!TO e 611na CbrpaneHa
OTb KoHCTaHTHHa 8enHKVI Karo neTKopa6Ha 6a3VII1HKa, e
nonyYHfla UHeWHVIS! CH SHllb Sb sptMeTO Ha fOCTHHHaHa.
rn . HoI tz in g e r, Altchristliche und byzantinische Baukunst, 3. Aufl. Leipzig 1909, crp. 104; A . Heisenberg,
Grabes kirche und Apostelkirche, Leipzig 1908, I 223 en . Leclercq (y Cabral, Dictionna ire II 832-837 1, KaKro
~) no -nonpo6Ho
MH Ce CTpysa, Cb npasO OTXSbpi1S! KaTO HeCbCTOS!TeilHO

MHtHHero, Ye UbpKsara e 611na nptycrpoeHa OTb caMHS!
fOCTHHHaHb. 06aye rosa HtUlO He H3KJ110YSa Sb3M0)!{HOCTbTa SbnpOCHHTt nptnpaSKH na Ce 6VII1H H3SbpWeHVI
see naKb npt 3b VI stKb. - Hai1-HosHrt H3cntnsaHH51
Ha ra3VI UbpKsa Olb R. W. S c h u It z, The Churche of
the Nativity at Bethlehem, 11 OTb E. We i gand, Die Geburtskirche von Bethlehem, L eipzig 1911 , MH O K H3stcrHVI
ca Mo orb peueH3HHrt Bb Byzant. Zeitschrift XX, 1911,
599 11 XXI , 1912, 344 en.
:.) Strzygow s ki , Kleinasien, crp. 220 c.1. 11 o6p.
I 54-162. vbnt3JlaTa llO KbCHO IlHTeparypa Bbpxy Ta 3H
UbpKBa, KOS!TO He MH 6twe llOCTii; nHa , e OT6tn t3aHa H
pe310MHpaHa HaKparKo OTb Cii;WHS! asropb Bb 8yzant.
Zeitschrift XIII , 1904, 293.
.,PoMaHCKHT-t" eneNeHTH npH Cs. Co1151

-~
~=--=~
-=--~
-----
133
TeKTypa, MaKapb ~1 ga He e go611na HI1KOra Bb He~
ron-5Mo
3HaYeHI1e.
Ha
sc-B1<11
cnyya}:i
Bb
u,bp-
1
)
KOBHaTa apx11TeKTypa Ha 3anagHa Espona Ta311 cpopMa ce 51B51Ba egsa np-53b IX s-5Kb.
---\ Hanocn-5gbKb Cb oco6Ha HaCTOH41-1BOCTb ce 113TbKBa gpyrb egi1Hb ,poMaHCKI1" eneMeHTb Bb

Cs. Cocp!-151,
a 11NeHHO
3aKntOYasa
Bb
TOBa,
KsagpaTHI151Tb
Ye
cxeMaTI13bMb,
KBagpaTbTb
U,bpKBa Ce B3eMa 3a Malll,a6Ha
nogb
M-5pKa
1-1
Koiho
ce
Kynona Ha egHa
Ce HaHaC51
113B-5CTHO
nJKTI1 KaKTO Bb rnaBHI151, TaKa 1-1 Bb Hanp-54HI151 1<0pa611. 2 )
41-lcnO
F\1<0 BH11KHeMb no-go6p-5 Bb nnaHa Ha Cs. Cocp1151, lll,e Tp-56sa ga
np1-13HaeMb,
egsan11
Ye
KsagpaTeHb
CJKlll,eCTBysa.
cxeMaTI-13bMb
nogKynonHI151Tb
np11
I<BagpaTb
Ta31-1
Bb
u,bpKsa
CJKlli,HOCTb
TYKb HI1KJKA-5 He ce nosTap51; cn-5gosaTenr.o, TOH He e 1136paHb

Cb3HaTenHO
3a
Malll,a6Ha
M-5pKa,
1<051TO
ga
11rpae
KaKBaTO 11
ga 611no pon51 Bb pa3M-5p11T-5 Ha nnaHa. Ha11CTI1Ha, nnaHbTb Ha

U,bpKBaTa Ce pa3naga Ha 113B-5CTHO 4HCfl0 YeTBbpT11TI1 npOCTpaHCTBa, o6a4e T-5 He Ce HaM1-1paTb Bb HHI<ai<BO Onpi;gi;neHO CbOTHOWeHI1e egHO KbMb
KaTo
pe3ynTalb
gpyro. T-5311 npocTpaHCTBa He ce 51B51BaTb
OTb
a6CTpaKTHa
M-5peHo H34HCneHI1e, HO
4HHa
Ha
H311CI<Ba
np0113fll13aTb
3aCBO)J,51BaHeTO,
3a
OCHOBa
cne1<ynau,1151 H OTb
TbH
egHO
KaTO
H31<fli0411TenHO
BC-5KH
4eTBbpT11TO
e)J,I1Hb CXeMaTI13bMb
CBO)J,b
KOeTO
BaHeTO.
BnpoYeMb,
aKo
ga>t<e
go
KsagpaTa. ETo
MOrnH ga rosop11Mb
ocs-5Hb 3a 3a4aTbU,I1
KaTO pe3ynTaTb OTb
Ha-
KpbCTaTb
3alll,o np11 u,bpKBaTa Cs. Cocp1151 He 6HxMe

cxeMaTI13bMb,
OTb
npOCTpaHCTBO,
Tp-56sa no Bb3MO>KHOCTb ga ce np116nH>t<asa
3a KBagpaTeHb
np-5gHa-
Ha411Ha Ha
gonycHeMb,
Ye
06p. 127. - UbpKsa Bb CHBpH-Xt-<eapb

(cnopenb R ott, UHT. Cb<j. o6p. 101\
Ha TaKbBb
Bb
3aCBO)J,51nnaHa
Ha
KsagpaTeHb
MOrnH
ga
Cocp1151
cxeMaTI13bMb,
CJKlll,ecTBysa
TO
see
Hai1CTI1Ha
naKb
He
611xMe
03Ha4HMb Ta3H OC06HOCTb KaTO poMaHCI<a.
3alli,OTO H
Mam<H
Cs.
Bb
Mana-f\3H51
HaMHpaMe
3acso.n.eHH U,bpKBI1 Cb cpopMa
u,i;na
Ha
npH 1<011TO
KBa,D.paTHI151Tb CXeMaTI13bMb
no-ron-5Ma
pon51,
B3eMeMb
3a
(o6p. 125), TO lll,e
6yKsaTa T,
Hrpae MHOfO
npH Cs. Cor.jJH51. 3)
OTKOnKOTO
npHM-5pb
peg11ua
U,bpKBaTa
BI1D.I1Mb,
Bb
f\1<0
K.ypwyHA>KY
Ye Ksa.n.paTbTb , o6pa3y-
saHb OTb np-5CH4aHeTO Ha Ha)J,flb>I<HI151 1<0pa6b Cb Hanp-5YHH51,

c-5sepb
e
11
HaHeCeHb
Ha
!Orb
T04HO
Bb
no
e)J,I1Hb
Hanp-5YHI151
Kopa6b
CbBC-5Mb TOYHO ,D.Ba nJKTI1 Ha 3anCI,D.b Bb

1<0pa6b.
nogo6HO
ycTpOHCTBO
nJKTb
11MaTb
11
Ha
He
Ha,D.nb>KHI-151
H
U,bpi<BHT-5
Bb C1<yn11 (o6p. 126), C11spH-XHcapb (o6p. 127) H ToMap3a(o6p. 128)sb Kana,D.OKI151, np11 KOI1TO KpbCTOB11AHaTa cpopMa e
seye c11nHo
TenHO 611XMe HC1<an11

KBagpaTHI151
06p. 128. -
UbpKBa naHa r H5l Bb ToMap3a

(cnopenb Rot t, UHT. CbY. ::>6p. 60).
CTeHb
CBbp>t<eMb
CXeMaTI13bMb
a pX11TeKTypeHb
Cb
CTI1flb,
f\1<0
n051B51BaHeTO Ha
pa3BI1TI1eTO
TO
cn-5.n.Gsa-
611
Ha
1138-5-
Tp-56sano
,D.a
,D.11p11Mb HerOBOTO np0113XO>K,D.eHI1e nO-CKOpO Bb Manoa3H51TCI<aTa,
11 D e;h i o und Be z o I d, Die kirchliche Baukunst

des:Fibendlandes I 160 en.
2) rn. 3a TOBa H-two De hi 0 und Be z 0 I d, UHT.
,D.a
pa3BI1Ta.
OTI<Ofli<OTO Bb
pOMaHCKaTa apXHTeKTypa.
CbY. I 159 en.; Neuwirth, UHT. Cb<j. crp. 115.

3) rn. 3a Th3H UbpKBH R a m say and Be II, The
thousand and one churches, cTp. 340-428.
134
O~e
no-ManKo
6HxMe
HManH
npaso Aa rosopHMb npH Cs. CoqJH51 1) 3a 3a4aTbLJ,H OTb TbH
Hape4eHaTa CBbp3aHa CHCTeMa Bb pOMaHCKJ.151 CTHnb, KOSITO Ce CbCTOI1 Bb TOBa,

Bn rnaBHJ.151 KOpa6b OTrOBap51Tb ABa CBOAa Bb CTpaHJ.14HJ.151. 2)
Ha CBbQ3aHaTa CHCTeMa Ce np051B51Ba Bb o6CT051TenCTBOTO, 4e CBOAOBeT-6

Ha CTpaHJ.14HJ.151
Kopa6J.1
n04HBaTb
0T4aCTJ.1
4e
Ha BC-6KJ.1 CBOAb
(}l:.~eCTBeHaTa J.1 nnOAOTBOpHa MJ.1Cbnb

KaKTO
Ha rnaBHJ.151,
TaKa J.1
eAHH J.1 C}I:.~J.1 nHnaCTpH, KOHTO, npi;Ab BHAb Ha
Bbpxy
rontMaTa T51>t<eCTb, ce npaB51Tb nO-MaCHBHJ.1. 3aTOBa
nbKb
OCTaHanHT-6
nOMe>t<AY
nHnaCTpH,
Bbpxy
KOHTO Ce Kp-6n51Tb CBOAOBerl CaMO Ha CTpaHJ.14HJ.151 KOpa6b, HOC51Tb MHOrO nO-ManKa T51>t<eCTb, BCn-6ACTBJ.1e Ha KOeTO
T"E
A06J.1BaTb
HnH
Apyra
cpopMa J.1 pa3M-6pH,
no TaKbBb Ha4J.1Hb Bb nOAnOpKHT-6 ce 51B51Ba
no-ron-GMO
HnH Ce 3aM-5CTSITb
nbKb Cb KOnOHJ.1.
O>t<HBneHHe J.1 pHTbMb. npH Cs. CocpH51 He
HaMHpaMe HH~O nOA06HO, KOeTO Aa ce CpaBHJ.1 Cb T-63J.1 3p-6no 06MHCneHH
KOM6HHaLJ,HJ.1,
Bb3MO>t<HJ.1
CaMO npH eAHHb CHnHO pa3BJ.1Tb Be4e apXHTeKTypeHb CTHnb. Ha BC-6KJ.1 CBOAb OTb LJ,eHTpanHHSI KOpa6b
Ha Cs . Cocp:.-tS! He caMo He CbOTB-6TcTsysaTb ABa HnH noHe
pa6b -
T04HO
eAHHb
CBOAb Bb CTpaHH4HH51 KOHO Bb06~e HHTO eAHHb
BM-6CTO TOBa TYKb HaMHpaMe OTHOWeHHeTO ABa KbMb TpH CBOAa -
C}l:.~esptMeHHO
OTb nHnaCTpHT-6 He KptnH
CBOAOBe
OTb nHnaCTpHTt, OCTaBaTb npH TOBa CbBC-tMb
OTb
rnaBHJ.151 J.1 OTb CTpaHJ.14HJ.151
CB060AHJ.1, HO J.1 r l , BbnptKH TOBa 06CTOSITenCTBO, HJ.1
HaHManKO He Ce OTnH4aBaTb OTb OCTaHanHT-t.
npH
eAHa
crpaAa, K051TO 61-1 6Hna He TOnK03b npH-
45
MJ.1TJ.1BHa KaTO Cs. CocpH51 (rn. CTp.

Ll,bpKBH, Ta3J.1
6Hna
KOpa6H . .[l,sa
pa3nHKa
J.13nOn3yBaHa
Bb
OTb
en.), KaKBHTO C}l:.
cpyHKLI,J.151Ta
CTpOHTen!-1
Ha
Hanp . poMaHCKHrl
nHnaCTpHT-t
3a A06J.1BaHeTO
Ha
HenptMeHHO
J.13BtCTHJ.1
61-1
ecpeKTJ.1
J.1 Ha no-ron-6MO O>t<J.1BneHJ.1e Bb nHHHHT-t.

0Tb Ka3aHOTo
oco6HOCTb,
iii
ii
II
il
ill
ce
iii
AOTYKb
CTaBa SIBHO,
Ye
eAHHCTBeHaTa xapaKTepHa
K051TO CBbp3sa cocpHHCKaTa Cs. CocpH51 Cb poMaHCKHrl Ll,bpKBH,
3aKnl04aBa
Bb
cpopMaTa
Ha
naTHHCKH51
KpbCTb
Cb
YAbn>t<eHHe
Ha
11ptAanCJ-1AHOTO npoCTpaHCTBO. 0Tb Apyra CTpaHa 51BHO e. Ye Cs. CocpY151 no
ill
ii
ill
MHoro pa6oTH ce pa3nHYasa pt3KO OTb poMaHCKHT-t
BSIMe Ha CTpaHa
tt:.-
nO-BTOpOCTeneHHJ.1
OC06HOCTJ.1,
HeMb, ye CbBbpweHo YY>t<Ab Ha poMaHCKHT-6

HaMHpaMe npH Cs . CocpHSI, a
.=....=...
Ll,bpKBH e
Ce
KaTo OCTa-
Aa
CnOMe-
KynonbTb,
TaKa c;y;~o TBbpA-t ptAKH C}l:.
CKHT-t CBOAOBe. 3) npH TaKHBa 06CT051TenCTBa 51BS!Ba

Tb4Ha
Ll,bpKBH .
AOCTaTb4HO
KOHTO
MOHaCTHp-
BbnpOCbTb,
AOCTa-
nH e cpOpMaTa Ha naTHHCKJ.151 KpbCTh , KOSITO Jla BC-tKH cnyYaH J.13-
rne>t<Aa
Aa
He
e CbsctMb YY>t<Aa Ha Mana-fbH51
06p. 129.- Ubpt<BaTa Ha PomnecTBo XpHcToso Bb BHTneeMb HeMb, ye Cs. CocpHSI ce
HaMHpana
nOAb
(CTp.
133),
3a Aa AOnyc-
Bm151HHeTo H Ha
poMaHCKaTa
(cnopellb H 0 I tz in g e r, f\ltchr. apXHTeKTypa H Ye cntAOBaTenHo Ta3H Ll,bpKBa ~e Tpt6sa Aa ce AaTHpa Bb

und byzant. Bauk unst, o6p. 126).
MHoro no-KbCHO sptMe? He Tpt6sa
a HMeHHO,
4e cpopMaTa
J.13TbKHaxMe
no-rapt,
Ha naTJ.1HCKJ.151 KpbCTb,
ce
nOAb
e n051BHna caMOCT051TenHo
nH no-o<opo Aa AOnycHeMb o6paTHOTO,
BnJ.151HJ.1eTO Ha Manoa3J.151TCKJ.1
Bb
Cs.
CocpHSI
MHoro
TpaAHLJ,J.1J.1, KOHTO
no-paHo, H Ye Bb Tosa
OTHOWeHHe Cs. CocpY151 ce 51B51Ba KaTo eAHa OTb nptAweCTBeHHLI,HT-t Ha poMaHCKH51 CTHnb?
3a Aa OTrOBOpHMb npaBHnHO Ha T03J.1 J.13BbHpeAH0 Ba>t<eHb BbnpOCb 3a pa3BJ.1TJ.1eTO Ha pOMaHapXHTeKTypa, ~e Tpt6sa Aa XBbpnHMb eAY1Hb norneAb nptAY1 BCJ.14KO Bbpxy
CKaTa
HeHHOTO npOH3-
XO>t<AeHJ.1e. 0TKaTo Bbo6~e CTapoxp11CTH51HCKaTa apxHTeKTypa Bb Mana-fbH51 H CHpH51 e CTaHana noA06pt J.13BtCTHa Ha yYeHHT-t, He e MOrna Aa Ce He 3a6-tnt>t<J.1 ron-6MOTO CXOACTBO, KOeTO C}l:.~ecTByBa
Me>t<AY
Ta3J.1
ron-6MO J.1
apXHTeKTypa
o6xBall.\a TaKHBa
OTb
eAHa
CTpaHa
CiY\~eCTBeHH
J.1 poMaHCKaTa
OTb
Apyra.
Tosa CXOACTBO
Ht~a, ) A-6TO He MO>t<e Aa ce MHCnH 3a

4
eAHO
TOnK03b
cnyYaHHO
CbBnaAeHHe HnH 3a CaMOCT051TenHO n051B51BaHe Ha C}I:.WHT-t apXHTeKTypHH cpopMH Bb ABt, pa3HJ.1 MtCTa,
1)
p 0 T H '-l b , Cs. Co1-151, CTp. 49, 63 en., 70, 99.

Bbpxy CBbp3aHaTa CHCTeMa rn. De h i o und
B ez o I d u. c. I 316 H 470 en.; N e u w i r t h, u. c. CTp. 119.
3) Cp. Dehio und Bezold , UHT.Cb'LI303H332cn.
~)
4 J S t r z y go w ski. Kleinasien, CTp 206 en., Der Dom

zu f\achen , CTp. 24 H f\mida , CTp. 274 ; Die hI, Manuel,
CTp. 674 en.; cp. H Springer-Neuwirth, Handbuch
der Kunstgeschichte II 7-MO H3Ll. CTp . 40.
135
Cs. Coqm51 KaTo np-tuwecTBeHHua Ha poMaHCKH51 CTHnb
I<OYITO HYII<Ora He C.. 6Y!nYI YI30nY!paHYI ep,HO OTb gpyro . .ilHeCb MO}I{eMb ga C4Y!TaMe Be4e 3a yCTaHOBeHO, 4e pa3BYITY!eTO Ha poMaHCI<aTa
Ha ManOa3YI51TCI<O-CY1pY1HCI<aTa
Bbpxy gpyraTa,
npYI
a pXY!TeKTypa Ce HaMY!pa Bb HaH-T"fiCHa
apXY!TeKTypa
Y1
4e
ep,Ha
OTb gs1;r5
Bpb3Ka Cb pa3BYITYieTO
ynpa}I{HY!nil
CYinHO
BnYI51HYie
Tosa, KonKoTo Yl ga e TPYAHO na ce Ka}l{e seYe cb nonO}I{YITenHocTb, Kora Yl no
KaKbBb Ha4Y!Hb e 6Y!no ynpa}I{HeHo TOBa
BnYI51HYie,
see naKb
He
poMaHcKaTa apxY!TeKTypa, 4YieTo pa3BYITY!e ce naga egsa Bb
nogne}I{YI
Ha
CbMH"tHY!e,
ye
He
XI s-6Kb, e snYI5tna Bbpxy OpY!eHTa,
Yl
a o6paTHO np"tp,Y!MCTBOTO npY!Hagne}I{YI Ha T03YI nocn-6P,HY151. f\1<0 Bb06w,e npocn"tp,Y!Mb cpaBHYITenHO

pa3BYITY!eTO Ha U,bpKOBHaTa apXY!TeKTypa np"63b nbpBY!T-6 B-6KOBe Ha XpY1CTYI51HCTBOTO, w,e BYI)J,Y!Mb, 4e
6onWYIHCTBOTO OTb HOBOBbsegeHYI51Ta Y!gaTb OTb OpYiei-'Ta Yl Ye
r5 necHo HaMY!paTb gocTJKnb
Yl
Bb
3anagHaTa apxY!TeKTypa, K051TO no TOBa sp-5Me ow,e He e ce TOnK03b OTganeYY!na Bb csoeTo pa3BYI-
TY!e
Yl He e ce TaKa yCTaHOBY!na, 3a ga ce He noggasa Ha 4Y}I{AO Bb3g"6i1cTBY!e. Tosa MOW,HO snYI51HY!e
Ha OpY!eHTanCKYirB Tpap,YIU,YIYI
Ce
np051B51Ba
OC06HO
CYinHO
Bb
WY!pOKOTO
BY!3aHTY!i1CKYIT"6 cpopMYI HaMY!paTb Bb 3anagHaTa apXYITeKTypa OTb
06p. 130. -
BnYI51HY!eTo Ha OpYieHTa Bbpxy npOY13XO}I{neHY!eTo
Ha pOMaHCI<aTa apXY!TeKTypa OTb ep,Ha CTpaHa, a OTb gpyra TO necHo
CTpysa Bb Cs. CocpY151 KaTo
e ga
KOeTO
CTapaTa MHTpononH51 Bb MeceMBpH51.
KaTo B3e:vieMb cn-tgosaTenHo np"tgb BYIAb
CKaTa Cs. CocpY151,
VI go IX
p03npoCTpaHeHY!e,
cTOn-6TY!51. 1)
ce y6"6gY!Mb,
Manoa3YI51TCI<YI51 xapaKTepb Ha COcpYIH-
Ye BCY14KO Tosa,
KOeTo Ha
npbBb nornegb HYI ce
, poMaHcKo", ce o651CH51Ba npoCTo Cb o6w,HOCTbTa Ha nbpBOYI3T04HYIKa.
no Ta3YI' npY14Y!Ha He MO}I{e _YI gyMa ga
CTaBa
3a
H-6Kai<BO
BnYI51HY!e
Ha
pOMaHCI<YI51
CTY!nb
sbpXy
Cs. CocpY151, I<051TO Yl no gaTa, KaKTO BYig"txMe, nptgweCTsysa Cb H"tKonKo cTon"tTY151
HerosoTo
BYITY!e.
CYirypHYI gaTY!-
ctJopMaTa Ha naTYIHCI<YI51
paHYI npY1M"tpY1 OTb TOnK03b
KpbCTb, MaKapb P,OCera Y1 ga He e
paHHa
enoxa,
YI3B-6CTHa 4p"63b
caMa no ce6e CYI He e gocTaTb4Ha,
apryMeHTY!T-6, KOYITO npY!BegoxMe 3a gaTY!paHeTO Ha Cs. CocpY151 Bb

1) Die hI, Manuel, np. 102-120,320-332,359-363.
VI cTon"tTYie
3a
Yl
ga
ga
pa3-
yManosa}I{Y!
HYI y6"6gY! Bb
136
F\ pXHTeKTypHO-HCTOpH YeCIUirl. n po6neMH
KaKBOTO 11 )J,a 611no nptAnonaraeMo Bni151HI1e Ha poMaHCK1151 cr11n1:, Bbpxy Hawara U,bpKBa.
TI1Bb, Karo 11MaMe np-EAb BI1)J,b, Ye BCI14KI1 eneMeHTI1, Heo6xo,IJ,11MI1 3a
Hanpo-
no51B51BaHero Ha opMara Ha
naTI1HCKI151 KpbCTb, Ce cpi;w,aTb Bb JY\ana-f\31151, HO He 11 Ha 3ana)J,b, OW,e TBbp)J,i; paHO, TO CbBCtMb

eCTeCTBeHo e )J,a HaM-Ep11Mb ra311 opMa HanbnHo pa3BI1Ta Bb e)J,Ha U,bpKBa ow,e OTb
VI
s-EKb Karo
co11i1cKara Cs. Co1151, K051TO ce HaM11pa HanbnHo nO)J,b Bni151HI1ero Ha Manoa31151TCKara apx11reKrypa.
Cnt.)J,osarenHo Cs. Co1151 ce 51B51Ba Karo nptAweCTBeHI1u,a Ha poMaHCKI151 cr11nb, a He Karo cro51w,a
nO)J,b HerOBO Bni151HI1e,
11 TO
KaTO HOCI1TenKa Ha OHa311 opMa -
nocntACTBI1e e rp-E6sano )J,a 11rpae Hai1-rontMa
naTI1HCKI1 KpbCTb -
K051TO Bb
pon51 Bb pa3BI1TI1ero Ha poMaHcKara apx11reKrypa.
Era Bb w,o ce CbCTOI1 ron-EMo-:-o 3Ha4eHI1e Ha co11i1cKara Cs. Co1151
3a 11crop1151Ta Ha
apX11TeKry-
para. 8b He51 Hl1e HaM11paMe OHa311 nptXO)J,Ha opMa , K051TO, KaTO OCTaB51 Ha CTpaHa Bl13aHTI1HCK11ft
06p. 131. -
crpo11renH11 rpaAI1U,1111,
o6pa3ysa
,.LJepBeHaTa YepKBa" npH nepyWHUa, OTb IOrb.
l .e)J,I1HI1TenHara
6pbHKa
Me>KAY poMaHCKI151 cr11nb Ha 3ana)J,b 11
crapoxp11CTI151HCKara apx11reKrypa Bb Mana-f\31151. 6naroAapeHI1e Ha He51 xl1nore3ara 3a op11eHrancKoro

np0113XO>K)J,eHI1e Ha pOM aHCKI151 CTI1nb )J,0611Ba e)J,Ha HOB a 11 TBbp)J,i; Cl1nHa onopa.
OTb e)J,Ha crpaHa Ta311 UbpKBa CT011
6ni13KO
3a W,OTO, KOnKOTO
poMaHCKI1Tt, TOnK03b OTb Apyra CTpaHa
)J,O
Manoa31151TCKI1 xapaKrepb 11 paHWHa n.ara Ce HaM11paTb BbHb OTb BCtKaKBO CbMH-EH11e.
HeHH1151Tb
no TaKbBb
Ha411Hb Cs. Co1-151 3anbnsa e)J,Ha 4YBCTBI1TenHa npa3AHI1Ha Bb 11crop1151Ta Ha 113Kycrsoro 11 ce 51B51Ba
KaTO Cl1rypeHb MOCTb npi;3b OHa311 nponaCTb,
K051TO )J,OCera
OT)J,tn51We
0p11eHTa OTb OTe4eCTBOTO
Ha poMaHcKara apx11reKrypa Ha 3ana)J,b. ~~

To311 pe3ynrarb 11Ae TaKa He04aKBaHo, 4e sctKoi1 611 11Manb npaso )J,a ce 3aMI1Cnl1 . Btpo51THO
n11 e Bbo6w,e, 4e e)J,I1Hb apX11TeKrypeHb naMeTHI1Kb OTb raKbBb Ba>KeHb np-Exo)J,eHb xapaKrepb e
MOH<anb )J,a ce no51BI1 Bb e)J,Ha crpaHa Karo 6bnrap1151, K051TO, aKa ce Ci'KA11 no rosa, Koero noHe AO
)J,HeCb e 113BtcrHo, 113rne<Aa )J,a
He e 11rpana HtKaKBa oco6Ha
CTI151HCKara apx11reKrypa? VIMano n11 e Bbo6w,e
Bb 6bnrap1151
pon51 Bb pa3BI1TI1ero Ha crapoxp11 no rosa
sp-EMe ycnoBI151 , 3a Aa ce
CrapoxpHCTHIIHCt<H apxHTet<rypHH naM~THHUH Bb 6bnrapH51
137
pa3BHS!Tb Ha Mi:.CTHa n04Ba, nO.ll,b BflHSIHHeTO Ha BbHWHH Tpa.ll,HL.I,HH, HOBH apXHTeKTypHH cpopMH, HflH
Tpt.6sa
na C4HTaMe
Cs.
CocpHS!
3a
cnyYai1Ha
CTpOHTeflHH Tpa.ll,HL.I,HH H 4HHTO nnaHb e
noCTpoi1Ka,
KOSITO
Hi:.Ma HHw,o
Ha Ti:.3H Bbnpocr~ MJK4HO MO>He na ce onosopH Cb nono>HHTenHOCTb,
BaTb nOnp06HO 3ana3eHHTi:.
o6w,o
Cb
Mi:.CTHHrn
6Hnb npOCTO 3aeTb OTb npyro Mi:.CTO?
HaCb CTapoxpHCTHSIHCKH apXHTeKTYPHH
npt.nH
naMeTHHLI,H,
na ce H3cnt.n-
KOHTO H3rne>H.ll,aTb
.ll,a CJK MHOrO noBe4e H MHOro nO-Ba>HHH, OTKOflKOTO 06HKHOBeHO Ce MHCflH. ,lJ,a>He e.ll,HHb nOBpbXHOCTeHb norne.ll,b Bbpxy MaflKOTO H3Bi:.CTHH
y6i:.nH
Bb Ti:.XHOTO
ro!li:.MO 3Ha4eHHe.
.ll,OCera naMeTHHLI,H OTb
npH llHnCaTa
T03H BH.ll,b
Ha nO-nO.ll,p06HH
H3Y4BaHHSI,
BOflHMb 3aCera CaMO .ll,a H36pOHMb Hi:.KOH OTb no-Ba>HHHT-5 CTapOXpHCTHSIHCKH

Ha nbpBo Mi:.CTO
113
130),
Tpt.6sa na
ce
cnpeMb
Bbpxy
CTapaTa
.ll,OCTaTb4eHb
MHTpononHSI
HH
HHe w,e Ce 3a.ll,O-
L.l,bpKBH
Bb
na
HaCb.
MeceMBpHS!
(o6p .
KOSITO OTb BCH4KH UbpKBH Bb 6bnrapHS1 CTOH 6e3b CbMHi:.HHe Ha11-6nH3KO no Cs. CocpHS!
no CBOSI o6w,b xapaKTepb. 0Tb Ta3H U.bpKBa nHecb CTbp4aTb caMo TPH ci-t.HH, OTb KOHTO Ha11-no6pt.
e 3ana3eHa H3T04HaTa Cb ancHnaTa. Bb TOBa
Q6p. 132. -
OT.ll,aBHa, KaKTO Ce BH>H.ll,a OTb
nonypa3pyweHo CbCTOSIHHe U.bpKBaTa
., LJepBeHaTa Yept<Ba " npH nepyWHUa, OTb ci;sepb .
e.ll,Ha
CTapa
pHCYHKa,
HanpaBeHa Oll..\e npi:.3b
no CBOS!Ta opMa U.bpKBaTa npt.ncTaBSI TpHKOpa6Ha 6a3HllHKa,

nnocbKb ABYCKnoHeHb
MaCHBHH
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H3.ll,HraTb OW,e e.ll,HHb

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pe.ll,b
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6r~xa ce yCTaHOBHllH
BCH4KH
CTpaHH4HHTt.
CBbp3aHH Cb apKH, c;r;.w,o
nO.ll,06HH
f\nCH.ll,aTa e
ce HaMHpa se4e
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He06HKHOBeHO
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113).
KOpa6r~ or:; OTnt.neHH OTb rnaBHHSI Cb
OT.ll,i:.JlSITb
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Bbpxy
Ti:.xb ce
3aCBO.ll,eHH
OTBOpH,
Bi:.-
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Ha
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non,po6HoCTH Ha HeHHHSI
rOA (o6p.
CbrpaneHa OTb KaMbHH H TYXllH, Cb
KaKTO npH Cs.
KaTO
1829
pa3KOnKH
nbpBoHa4aneHb BH.ll,b. Bee naKb
CJK 1-1 naneHHTi:. TYKb H3rnenH, 3a .ll,a ce BHAH H npH TOBa CbCTOSIHHe, KOJlKO o6w,o HMa
MJK4HO
AOCTaTb4HH
Me>HAY Ta3H
U.bpKBa H Cs . CocpHS! KaKTO no OTHoweHHe Ha Ha4HHa Ha rpane>Ha, TaKa H no OTHOWeHHe Ha apxHTeKTYPHHrn

paBHH,
opMH,
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Cs. C o<j>H ~ .
Cb
Ha nr~naCTpr~rn, apKr~Tt. H npo3opur~Tt..

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naKb c;r;.w,r~rn
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18
f\ pXHTeKrypH O-HCTOpHYeCKHll; n p06JJeMH
138
opMV1,
CJKW,aTa
nVInCa
Ha
KaKBaTO
VI ,JJ,a 6VInO Bi'KTpi:.wHa apXVITeKTypHa ,JJ,eKOpal.I,VI51, KOVITO KOHCTa-
TVIpaxMe no-ropi:. VI npVI Cs. Coqm51. S!BHO e, Ye ,JJ,Bi:.Ti:. UbpKBVI, KOnKOTO VI ,JJ,a Ci'K pa3nVI4HVI no nnaHoseTi:. CVI, Ci'K rpa,JJ,eHVI nO,JJ,b BnVI51HVIeTO Ha e,JJ,HVI VI Ci'KW,VI a pXVITeKTYPHVI Tpa,JJ,VIl.I,VIVI,
aKO MOH<eMb TaKa ,JJ,a Ce V13pa3VIMb -
OTb
Mai1CTOpV1, -
KOVITO Ci'K npVIHa,JJ,neH<anVI Ha CJKW,aTa WKOna.
no-nonpo6HOTO VI3Y4BaHe Ha CTapaTa MV1TpononVI51 Bb MeceMBpV151 6VI
HVI ,[l,OBeno
Hi:.HVIe llO Ci'KW,VITi:. 3aKnl04eHV151 3a BnV151HVIeTO Ha ManOa3VI51TCKaTa apXVITeKTypa, ,[1,0 KOVITO
6e3b
CbM-
,JJ,Oi1,JJ,OXMe
VI no-ropi:. npVI pa3rneH<,JJ,aHeTo Ha Cs. CoVI51. 1) 06a4e TOBa 6VI 6VIno e,JJ,Ha 3a,JJ,a4a, K051TO 3acny>t<asa
cnel.I,VIanHO VI3Cni:.,JJ,BaHe VI
,JJ,aTaTa
Ha
CTapaTa
K051TO
Vl3nVI3a
MV1TpononVI51
Cs. CoVI51, KaKTO ce BVIH<,JJ,a
nnoB,JJ,VIBCKO,
BCVI4KO
OTb
paMKVITi:.
caMo,
opMaTa
4e
Ha
Ha
HaCT051W,aTa
T51 Vl3rneH<,JJ,a
anCVI,JJ,aTa
KHVIra.
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6JK,JJ,e
OTb
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nnocKVI51
OTb
noKpVIBb.
,LJepseHaTa YepKsa" npH nepyWHUa, OTb cl;sepo-3anallb.
Ha CJKW,aTa paHHa enoxa

cap51,
OTb
w,e 3a6i:.ni:.H<VIMb
npi:.AVI
06p. 133. -
BbHb
npVIHa,JJ,neH<VI
6e3b
OTb K051TO Ci'K 3ana3eHVI CaMO
CbMHi:.HVIe VI HOBOOTKPVITaTa
OCHOBVITi:. VI K051TO
Ha
BCi:.KVI
6a3VInVIKa Bb XVI-
cny4ai1
e nO-CTapa
OTb wecTOTO CTOni:.TVIe. 2) Ta3VI 6a3VInVIKa, Cb npi:.MBepVIe VI aTPVIYMb, CJKW.O e VI Mana nbpBOHaYanHo
TpVI KOpa6a, CTpaHVI4HVIT1; OTb KOVITO Ci'K 6VInVI OT,JJ,i:.neHVI no Cb TpVI 4eTBbpTVITVI, HO MHOrO no-cna6VI
nVInaCTpVI, Tb!1 4e MeH<,JJ,Y Ti:.3VI nocni:.nHVITi:. OCTaBaTb cpaBHVITenHO
I) MeceMspHikKara UbpKsa noKa3sa rsbpn-t ron-tMo CXOJlCTBO Cb Ll)!{yMaHIOHbJl)!{3MHCf1 Bb flJlaJJH51,

K051TO ce narHpa owe Bb V s-tKb (Rott, Kleinasiatische
DenKmaler, crp. 32 en. H o6p. 10 H 18). Orb crr;wH51
THnb, JlO KOJJKOTO MO)!{e Jla ce C}f;JlH OTb JlOCeraWHHTl;
ny6nHKauHH, H3rne)!{Jla na 61hne H UbpKsara Ha ocrposa
Cs. f\xHJJb Bb np-tcnaHCKOTO e3epo, MaKapb T51 Jla npHHaJlJJe)!{H Ha MHOrO nO-KbCHa enoxa; rJJ. n. MHJJIO-
MHOrO
WVIpOKVI
OTBOpVI.
Bcni:.,JJ,-
K 0 Bb, Vbsl;cri51 pycCK. apxeOJJ. HHCTHT. Bb f<oHCT3HTHHOnoJJl; IV, 1899,47 en, ra6n.l-lll H06p. 11; t1op. VlsaHOBb, Vl3s-tcrH51 Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npy)!{. I, 1910, 67-70
H o6p. 9-12.
2) fJJ. BbpXy He51 6. HJJ0Bb, Jahrb. des deutschen
archa!ol. lnstit. XXV, 1910, f\nzeiger 396 en. H Vl3s-tcTH51
Ha 6bnr. apxeon. npy)!{. II, 1911, 125-145.
139
MeceMspHSl-XHcapb-nepywHua
CTSJ.1e Ha Tosa 11 u;E.naTa u,bpt<sa J.1Ma

oTpi:.3aHb
np11
no-netKHJ.151Tb crpaHHYeHb
Cbrpa>t<AaHeTo Ha t<p-bnocTHaTa cri:.Ha Sb VI si:.t<b. 1) f\ncHAaTa,
t<opa6b e 6J.1nb
K051TO
OTSbHb J.1Ma
TpY!CTpaHHa cj:>opMa, e 6e3b CTpaHJ.1YHJ.1 OTAi:.neHI-151, Ha Mi:.CTOTO Ha KOt-ITO Sb J.13TOYHaTa CTi:.Ha
Ci'i'\
Ce
HaMHpanJ.1 ASi:. spaTJ.1.

Cbsci:.Mb npyrh xapat<Tepb
J.1Ma
t<OsrTO Ci'i'\W,O TSbpAi:. ManKo e 3ana3eHO
,~epseHa
TbH HapeYeHaTa
HaAb 3eM51Ta
(rn.
o6p.
yept<sa"
131-133).
npl-1 nepyw,Hu,a,
Ta311 U,bpt<sa,
OTb
t<at<TO J.1
Cs. Co11sr, e cbrpaAeHa
J.13KntoYJ.1TenHo OTb roni:.MJ.1 TyxnJ.1. Hei1HJ.151Tb nnaHb e CHJ.1MaHb seYe ASa

ni'i'.TJ.1, OTb cj:>paHU,Y3J.1Ha nopaHb 2) J.1 OTb pyCJ.1Ha WMJ.1Tb, ") o6aYe J.1 AOCera, SJ.1AJ.1 ce nopaAJ.1 HerosaTa HenbnHOTa, ow,e He
e o6HapOASaHb ETo t<at<b WMJ.1Tb ~) on11csa u,bpt<saTa : , 4epseHa Yept<sa
06p. 134. -
eCTb 3AaHie
6a3HJJHKaTa Cs. VfJJHSl npH nHpnonb, OTb tOr03ananb .
u,eHTpanbHot<ynonbHOe; t<b YeTbrpeMb nOAt<ynonbHblMb apt<aMb npHcnoHeHbi Cb ci:.sepa,
tora J.1 3anaAa HenocpeACTSeHHO nonyt<ynona, Cb SOCTOKa Kb apt<i:. npY!MbiKaeTb t<Op060BblH CBOAb, 3aKaHYJ.1SatoW,iHC51 anG1AOIO. Tat<osa cpeAH5151 YaCTb Yept<SJ.1.
YaCTb 3AaHi51 J.1CYe3no".
t<yYa Mycopa,
BeYe OTb Tosa
sci;
STOpOCTeneHHbl51
rnaSHblH t<ynonb nposanHncsr, SCSI IO>t<Hasr
YaCTJ.1, see TO, YTO Ot<pymano
t<paTKO onHcaHHe ce BJ.1<Aa,
MO<e Aa ce cpasHJ.1 Cb Cs. Co11sr.
Ye
no csosr nnaHb
06aye 11 Sb ASaTa cnyYa51
rnaSHblH
Hecj:>b,
~epseHaTa yept<sa
He
HaMHpaMe Ci'i'\W,J.151 HaYJ.1Hb Ha rpa-
Ae<b, KOHTO pi:.3KO ce OTnJ.1YaSa OTb Cpi:.AHO J.1 KbCHOBJ.13aHTJ.1HCKJ.151 Cb peAOSe OTb TyXnJ.1 J.1 Ai:.naHJ.1
t<aMbHJ.1,
seHaTa
t<at<TO
Yept<sa
YeCTo ro HaMHpaMe y Hacb, oco6Ho sb MeceMBpl-151 . 0THOCJ.1TenHo AaTaTa

e J.13Ka3aHo
seYe
npi:.Anono<eHHe,
1) naKb TaMb CTp. 126 CJJ.

Bull . de corresp. hellen ique XXII, 1898, 561.
:I)
}f{ypH. MHHHCT. HapOllH. npOCBi:.WeHiSl, H. C.
XXXIV, 1911, om. 4 CTp. 28.
~)
rn.
rn.
Ye T51 npHHanne<J.1 Ha VII CToni:.THe ") -
Ha ~ep
Hi:.w,o,
~) UHT. M., CTp. 28 CJJ.

:,) laUrent, Bb OT'leTa Ha tjJpeHCKaTa W KOJJa Bb
fhHHa, Bull . de corresp. hellenique XXII, 1898. 561.
140
F\pxHTeKTyp HO-HCTOpH YeCI<!-1T-& n po6neMH
I<OeTo 113rnem.n.a TBbp,n,-5 s-Bpo51THO. Cni>,n,osaTenHo 11 TYIHI1e 11 roni>MaTa 6a311n111<a Cs. V!n1151 np11 n11p,n,onb,
3a '-111eTo 113YLJBaHe 3a manoeTb ei'i\.Ll.I,O Oll.l,e 1-:111Ll.I,O He e HanpaBeHo. CaMo ManKa LJaeTb OTb u,bpi<BaTa
eTbp'-111
Oll.l,e
HaAb
3eM51Ta
134
(o6p.
11
135).
5e3b pa3I<OnKI1
Hi>Ma ,n,a
6i'i\.,n,e
Bb3MOH<HO ,n,a ee
yCTaHOBI1 Hei1HI151Tb TO'-IeHb nnaHb. T51 e ebrpa,n,eHa eaMo OTb Tyxnl1 eb ,n,e6enb nnaeTb xopoeaHb noMem,n,y
Bb
11Mb,
eeno
Tosa,
KaKTO
4epseHaTa '-lepi<Ba
11 Cs. Cocp1151.
Hai1-noeni> oCTasa ,n,a enoMeHeMb U,bpi<BaTa
Kn11ee-KbOi1, n11p,n,one1<0, OTb 1<051TO ei'i\. 3ana3eH11 eaMO OeHOBI1Ti>, HO Oll.l,e He ei'i\. pa3I<OnaHI1.
KoeTo
Bb
HaWI151
cny'-lai1
11
np11,n,asa
oeo6Ho
3HaLJeH11e,
o6eT051TeneTBOTO,
LJe
Ta311
u,bpi<sa, KaKTO 113rnem,n,a, e 611na noCTpoeHa ei'i\.Ll.I,O Bb cpopMaTa Ha naTI1HeKI1 KpbeTb eb y,n,bnH<eHI1e
Ha anei1,D,HOTO npoCTpaHeTB0. 1) f\1<0 TOBa Hi>Ll.I,O Hal1eTI1Ha ee nOTBbp,D,11 np11 pa3I<Oni<I1Ti>, 1<011TO Ha-
06p.
135. -
6a311JIHI<aTa Cs. J..1JJI151 npH nHpnonb, OTb c-tsepo-3ananb.
ei<opo Ll.l,e ee npi>.n.np11eMaTb, Hl1e se,n,Hara 61-1xMe ,n,o611n11

naTI1HeK1151 KpbeTb Ha Cs. Cocp1151
113b Hai1-6n113KaTa
e,n,Ha 113BbHpe,n,Ho samHa napanena KbMb
OKOnHoeTb. 3aeera o6aLJe
Ll.l,e
6i'i\.,n,e np116bp-
3aHo ,n,a ee npaB51Tb no-,n,ane'-IH11 3aKniOLJeH1151.

Cocp11i1e1<aTa Cs. Cocp1151, CTapaTa M11Tpononl151
seHaTa
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6a311ni1KaTa Cs
Bb MeeeMBp1151,
X11eape1<aTa
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Bel1'-11<0 TaBa Oi\. noCTpOi11<11, 1<011TO, Bbnp-51<11 pa3ni1'-11151Ta Bb nnaHOBeT-5, 11MaTb TBbp,D,-5 MHOrO 06Ll.I,O
noMem,n,y e11 611no Bb Ha'-111Ha Ha rpa,n,ema,
Hi>I<OI1 ,n,pyrl1, Bbpxy 1<011TO
1)
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cs-tn-tHH51,
Kai<TO
TYIMa
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3all.I,O ,n,a ee Cn11paMb -
Bb3npOH3seneHHT-t
TYI<b oTOrpacjmH, llbJI}f{a Ha r-Ha n. MyTa<jJYHeBa, Koiho
KaTO
T-5311 naMeTHI1LJ,I1, 3ae,n,Ho Cb

pOTOH,D,aTa
Cs.
reopr11
Bb
JIHYHO 6-, nOC-tTHJJb M-&CTOTO, n-&10 ce HaMHpaTb pa3BaJli1H111-t Ha Ubpi<BaTa.
141
Co1-151, roll-EMaTa
U,bpKBa
np1-1
6-EllOBO -
CTapOXp1-1CTI-1SIHCI<aTa 1-1
paHHOBJ.13aHTJ.1~1cl<aTa
roll-EMo pa3Hoo6pa3He
Ha
opM11T-E.
noKa3BaTb,
enOXI-1
KaKbBb e
<tJopM11,
Kai<BI-1
Bl-13aHTI-151 OTb eAHa CTpaHa, 1-1 3anaAb
OTb
e 6Hlla
ll11paHa y
Aa
Apyra
H3TbKHeMb, e
CJ.illHO
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ToBa
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Cb
apxHTeKTypa,
w,e
cnp"tMO
MO>t<e
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o6a4e, I<OeTO HJ.ie Cb yKa3Ba-
4e CB. Co1-151 He e 3a Bp-EMeTo
HaCb nOCTpOHI<a, HO 4e TSI HanpOTI1Bb np"tACTaB51 CaMO
OTb pa3BI-1TI1eTO Ha CTapoXp11CTI-1SIHCI<aTa
pa3BI-1Ta 1-1 ce e OTlll14aBalla
BbnpOCI-1
naMeTHI1U,I1.
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Hacb np"t3b
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4e
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nOAo6eHb xapaKTepb He C.'K p-EAKOCTb. Cll-EAOBaTellHO Ha ll11u,e CJK BCI141<!;1 ycllOBI1SI, 3a Aa AOnycHeMb,
4e TOBa, KOeTo Bb CB. Co1151 e HaH - op11ri1HallHO, a HMeHHO opMaTa Ha llaTHHCI<I1 KpbCTb, e Memo
Aa 6JKAe Cb3AaAeHO Ha M-ECTHa n04Ba, np11 Cb4eTaHI1eTO Ha M"tCTHI1 11 op11eHTallCI<I-1 TpaA11L1,1111.
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HO Cb TBbpA"i; Cl1lleHb M-tCTeHb
I<Oll0p11Tb,
Ta311
Ha
U,bp!<Ba
Malloa31151TCK11
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Bb pa3BI1TI1eTO Ha TOraBaWHaTa U,bp!<OBHa apXHTeKTypa 11 1<011TO TenbpBa, MHOrO nO-I<bCHO, HaM11paTb

np11eMb 11 w11po1<o
pa3npoCTpaHeHI1e
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ce
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11 ycbBbpweHCTByBaHe
pa3rlle>t<Aa BbnpOCbTb
Bb 3anaAHaTa poMaHcKa apX11TeKTypa.
3a np01-13XO>t<AeHI1eTo Ha poMaHCI<I151
CTI1llb, u,bpKBaTa
CB. Co1151 w.e Tp-E6Ba Aa ce 11Ma np-EAb B11Ab Ha nbpBo M-EcTO, noHe>t<e T51 CbAbp>t<a
BeHb BI1Ab BCI-141<11 HerOBI1 OC06HOCTI1 11 ce 51BSIBa KaTO eAHa
HaH-Ba>t<HaTa -
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H11w,o no-eCTeCTBeHo
KaKBaTo,
cnopeAb BCI-141<0
OTb
HaH-Ba>t<H11T"t -
He
Aa>t<e
1-1
U,bp1<BI1 np"tAWeCTBeH11U,11 Ha T0311 CTI1llb.

OTb TOBa,
4e
HHe
Ka3aHo AOTyKa,
HaM11paMe
11MaMe
KOSITO, KaKTO cnoMeHaxMe, Be4e no CBOeTo
eAHa
Cl1 3aAaAeMb Bbnpoca, Kal<b Aa Cl1 06SICHI1Mb

Halla Ha M-ECTHa no4Ba, Hf! e Morna Aa
ow.e Bb
ll"tMo 3Ha4eHHe? CaMI151Tb T0311 ai<Tb
np11
4e
Bee TOBa
opMa,
3a
Bb eAHa CTpaHa,
pa3npoCTpaHeHI1e
AOCTaTb4eHb,
cnpaBeAll11BO e Aa
Ta31-1 <tJopMa, Ma!<apb 1-1 Bb3HI11<Ha
6allKaHCI<I1SI
c11 3apOA11Wb, KoraTo HanpoTHBb
He e lll-1
u,bpKOBHa
nono>t<eH11e ce SIBSIBa KaTe np-EAonp-EA-t-
06CTOSITellCTBOTO,
HaM-EpH
caMHSI
np"tXOAHa
npaBo na cM-ETaMe CB. Co1-1S1,
reorpa114eC1<0
lleHa Aa 11rpae pOllSITa Ha nocp-EAH11U,a Me>t<ny VI3TOIt<AeHHe Ha a px11TeKTOHCKaTa opMa Ha CB. Co1151?

CTpyBa Ml1 ce, 4e Cll"tAb BCI14l<O Ka3aHo AOTyKa,
roBop11. H11e B11A-ExMe, 4e CB. Co1151
H-EMa
Ha T031-1
BbnpOCb
He e TPYAHO
n04TI1 H11WO o6w,o Cb C.'KW,11HCI<aTa
Aa ce OT-
Bl13aHTI1HCKa apx11-
TeKTypa. f\1<0 Cll"tAOBaTellHO Ta311 U,bp!<Ba AaT11pawe OTb Bp-tMeTO, I<OraTO Bl13aHTI-1HCI<aTa apX11TeKTypa
61;
Be4e
A06!-1lla
113l<lli0411TellHO
rocnOACTBO
Ha
6all!<aHCI<I1SI nOllYOCTpOBb 11
CBOeTo Blli1SIHI1e AOPI1 BbHb OTb rpaH11u,11n 1-1 Ha
VITalli1SI, TO Hl1e MJK4HO 611xMe
cTaBHMb, 4e
Aa
eAHa
co11i1cKa
u,bpKBa 611 Morna
o6HKHOBeHI1SI Tl1nb Ha Bl13aHmHCKI1n

raTo ,BI13aHTI1HCI<11SITb" CTI1llb He e
UbpKB11.
611llb owe
113rlle>t<na
AO
06a4e CB. Co1151
TaKaBa
61;
pa3npOCTpaHJ.1lla
MOrlll-1 Aa c11 np-EA-
CTeneHb
pa3lli14Ha
OTb
np11HaAJ1e>t<11 Ha eAHO Bp-tMe, KO-
OKOH4aTellHO oopMeHb. TbKMO TaKoBa eAHO BptMe,
Ka!<BOTO e 611ll0 WeCTOTO CTOll"tT11e, Ce SIBSIBa KaTO HaH-6llaronp11SITHO 3a nopa>t<AaHeTO
Ha HOBI1 11Ae11
np11 pa3p"tweHHeTo Ha CTp011TeJ1H11T-E npo6lleMH. Co11HCKaTa CB. Co1151 n0411Ba Bb TOBa OTHoweHI1e
1) f\pxHBb Ha M-soro Ha Hap. npocst.weHHe II, 1910, 313.
142
f\pXHTeKTYPHO-HCTOpH 4eCKHrl; n po6 neMH
Ha MallOa311SITCKI1
Tpani1UI111
C.-UJ,O TaKa,
KaKTO 11 Hei1HaTa 3HaMeHI1Ta u.ap11rpanCKa enHOI1MeHHI1Ua:
nocTaTbYHO e caMo na cnoMeHeMb, Ye caMI1Ti> apx11TeKnt Ha Ta311 nocni>AHS!Ta, f\HTeMI1 OTb Tpanecb
11 VIC11AOpb OTb M11neTb,
c;r;. 6111111 ponOMb OTb Mana-f\31151. Bbnpi>KI1 Toaa np11 Ti>311 nai> UbpKal1
Hl1e HaM11paMe nai> np11HU.I1n11allHO pa3ll11YHI1 pa3pi>WeHI1SI Ha CXOAH11 no C.-WHOCTbTa Cl1 npo611eM11.
np11 u.ap11rpa)JCKaTa Ca. Cocp1151 maaHOTO aHI1MaHI1e Ha apX11TeKTa e 611110 CbCpi>noTOYeHO ab Kynona,
Ha Koiho e naneHo nbpao Mi>cTo 11 pi>waaawe 3HaYeHI1e 3a ui>naTa crpana, acni>ncTal1e Ha KoeTo e
611na no611Ta Tat<a HapeYeHaTa ueHTpanHa noCTpOI1Ka , KOSITO e Tbl1 xapaKTepHa 3a no-paHHaTa al13aHTHI1cKa apX11TeKTypa. np11 COcp1111CKaTa Ca. Cocp11S1, HanpOTI1ab, aHI1MaHI1eTO Ha apxHTeKTa e 611110 HacoYeHo
KbMb HaAJlb>I<HHrl 113Mi>peHI1SI, KaTO ce e Abp>t<allO CMi>TKa 3a
6a311ll11K11Ti> OTb p11MCKO-XelleHI1CTI1-
YeCKI1SI THnb, KOHTO , KaKTO noKa3aa X11ca pcKaTa 6a3Hlli1Ka , He c;r;. 6111111 Yy<nl1 3a IO>t<Ha 6bnrap11S1.
Bcni>ncTal1e Ha Toaa KynonbTb np11 cocp1111cKaTa Ca. Cocp11S1 no611aa CbBCi>Mb aTopoCTeneHHO 3HaYeHI1e.
Koe OTb TI1SI nai> pa3pi>weHI1SI Ha npo6neMaTa e no-cnonyY1111ao, He Hl1 11HTepecyaa ab cnyYaSI.
Ba>t<HO e caMo na ce 113TbKHe, Ye nbpaoTo OTb Ti>Xb, a 11MeHHO ueHTpanHaTa noCTpo11Ka, e OTroaapS!no noaeYe Ha Tpan11UI111Ti> Ha Op11eHTa , ni>To KynonbTb OTb Ha!1-CTapo
api>Me e 11rpanb roni>Ma
ponS! ab apxHTeKTypaTa . ETo 3awo TOBa pa3pi>weHI1e, nonynS!p11311paHo Ypi>3b oc;r;. wecTaSIBaHeTo MY
no Ha!1-6ni>cKaBb HaYI1Hb
ab
enHa TaKaaa aell11YeCTaeHa noCTpo11Ka, KaKBaTo e uap11rpancKaTa Ca.
Cocp11S1 , e oCTaHano rocnonCTByBall.le ab al13aHTI111cKaTa apxHTeKTypa. Heo611KHoaeHo 6bp3oTo 11 MOWHO

pa3B11TI1e Ha Ta3H nocni>AHS!Ta e 3anyw11no Bb Op11eHTa owe Bb caMHSI 11Mb 3apOA11Wb aci1YKH caMoCTOSITellHH npOS!al1 Ha npyr11 apXHTeKTOHCKI-1 cpOpMH. no Ta311 npHYHHa 11 cpopMaTa
Ca. Cocp11S1 He e Morna na ce 3aLl.bp>t<H
Ha COcp11i1CKaTa
nO-Abll:o Bpi>Me Bb Henocpi>ncTBeHo cbci>ncTBO Cb BH3aH-
TH11cKaTa apxHTeKTypa , 3a na nonyYH caoeTo nbllHO ycbabpweHcTayBaHe. Toaa nocni>nHOTO e Morna

na CTaHe CaMO Ha 3ananb , Ai>TO HMeHHO HaAllb>t<HI1Ti> 113Mi>peHHSI, nOAb BJ111SIHI1eTO Ha CTapOXp11CTI1SIHCKaTa p11MCKa 6a311ll11Ka, C.. 11rpa1111 C.-WO TaKaaa pi>WHTellHa pOllS! ab pa3a11TI1eTO Ha U.bpKoaHHSI
nnaHb, KaKBaTo e 11rpa11b ab Op11eHTa KynollbTb.
3a yCTaHOBSiaaHe Ha TpaA11U110HHaTa UbpKOaHa
Cni>noaaTellHO 11 Bb en11HI1SI 11 ab npyr11S1 cnyYal1
cpOpMa C.. C..Ai>i1CTByaaJ111
Mi>CTHHTi> YCllOBI1SI. nonb Bll11SIHI1eTO Ha Ti>311 nOClli>AHHTi> Bb

np0113XOAb, C.. Ce yCTaHOBI-11111 OUJ,e TBbpAi> paHO
Bb
3HaYHTeJ1Ha
CTeneHb
UbpKOaHHTi> cpopMH, abnpi>KI1 06UJ,HSI
np11HU11nl1allHI1
pa3Jli1'-111SI , KOI1TO Cb TeYeHHe Ha
Bpi>MeTO ace noaeye 11 noBeYe C.. ce pa3BHaaJ111 Bb CMHCDJlb Ha OTAalleYeHHe OTb nbpaOHaYallHHSI
npOTOTHnb. f<OllKOTO no-nalle'-lb OTHaaMe KbMb HaYaJlOTO Ha Xp11CTI1SIHCKaTa enoxa, TOJ1K03b Ti>311 pa3lli1Y11SI Me<ny VI3TOKb
11 3ananb
HMeHHO Ha enoxaTa, KOraTO

o6pa3yaanb
Abll60Kb
nai>Ti> TeYeHHSI :
Kone6nl1aOCTb,
CTaaaTb
Me>t<ny
nponoMb.
no-He3HaYI1TellHI1 .
113TOYHaTa 11 3ananHaTa
ETa
3aw,o Ta3H UbpKaa
Cocp11HCKaTa
U.bpKOBHI-1
CbAbp>t<a
CB.
Cocp11S1 np11HaAJ1e>t<l1
apX11TeKTYPI1
OUJ,e He e Ce
ab ce6e c11 eneMeHTHTi> 11 Ha
KynOllbTb 11 HaAJlb>t<HHTi> H3Mi>peHHSI. Ho TbKMO ab Ta3H Hei1Ha ABOI1HcTaeHOCTb 11
ab Toaa Hei1Ho nocpi>AHHYeCTao
Me<nY VI3TOKb 11 3ananb, ce Kp11S!Tb 11 np11YI1HI1Ti>
3a HeyCTOi1 YHBOCTbTa Ha He!1HaTa apXHTeKTOHCKa cpOpMa. 0Tb enHa CTpaHa ab IO>t<Ha 6bnrap11S1 He e
HMallO ycnOaHSI,
AOCTHrHe T0311
UJ,OTO Ta311 cpOpMa, KaTO

B11Ab,
pa3aHe OUJ,e nOBeYe CaOHTi> HaAJlb>I<HI-1 113Mi>peHHSI, na
KOi1TO nO-KbCHO ce Cb3AaBa Bb 3ananHaTa pOMaHCKa apX11TeKTypa; OTb npyra
CTpaHa anHSIHHeTo Ha Olli13KaTa BH3aHTHSI e 611110 TaKa Cl1llHO, ni>To To He e Morna na He nonyYH OTb
T0311 MOMeHTb HaTaTbKb pi>waew,e 3HaYeHHe abpxy pa3BI1T11eTO Ha UbpKOaHaTa apXHTeKTypa y HaCb.
no TaKbab HaYHHb, KaTO 3aabpWBaMe cpaaHeHI1eTO Ha
MaJlOa311SITCKaTa
11
COcp1111CKaTa Ca. Cocp11S1
KaKTO Cb
aH3aHTI1i1CKaTa, TaKa 11 Cb poMaHCKaTa U.bpKOaHa apXHTeKTypa, HHe Tpi>6aa na
113TbKHeMb npi>XOAHHSI xapaKTepb Ha Ta311 noCTpOHKa, KOi1TO HaM11pa CaoeTO 06SICHeHI1e Hai1-no6pi>
np11 npi>nnOJlO>t<eHI1eTO,
Ye UbpKaaTa Hai1CTI1Ha naTHpa OLL,e OTb WeCTOTO CTOJli>THe, KaKTO no-ropi>
ce onHTaxMe na noKa>t<eMb.
06p. 136. -
Cs. CoHSI cnopeub euHa oTOrpaHSI orb 1892 rou.
rn F\ B f1
VI
VlcTOp151 Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. Cocp151

KpaHHaTa u.t.nb Ha set.t<o 113ent.AsaHe Sbpxy eAI1Hb 3HaYI1TeneHb apX11Tet<TypeHb naMeTHI1t<b,
I<OHTO e e;y:.w,eCTsysanb Bb npOAbn<eHI1e Ha CTOni:.TI151 11 e npi:.Tbpni:.nb npi:.3b TOSa spt.Me MHOr06pOHHI1 npoMi:.HI1, e see nat<b 11eTop1151Ta Ha eaMaTa noCTpOHt<a 11n11, eb APYrH AYMI1, xpoHonori1Yeet<OTO 111<e11paHe Ha Ti:.311 npoMi:.HI1.
3a Aa MOraTb Tt311 npoMi:.HI1 Aa
HaTa aHan113a
Ha
Ha HaeT051W,aTa
noCTpOHt<aTa,
ee yCTaHOS51Tb, He06XOA11MO
t<051TO Sb HaWI151 enyYaH Hl1e
I<HI1ra, t<aTO Onpt.Ai:.ni1XMe
u,bpt<BaTa (CTp.
22
MOraTb Aa
nocny<aTb 11 Bel141<11 OHi:.3H
Hl1
Aa ee 113ni:.3e OTb nOAp06
Hanpasl1xMe ow,e Sb nbpBaTa rnasa
rJlaBHI1Tt neTb CTp011TeflHI1 nep110Aa
Bb 11eTOp1151Ta Ha
en.). HapeAb eb TOBa, t<aTo TBbpAt sa<HI1 113TOYH11U.11 3a 11eTOp1151Ta Ha Cs. Co1151,
nptAMeTI1, 1<011TO e;y:.
0Tt<p11TH Bb eaMaTa U,bpt<Ba 11n11
HeHHaTa Henoept.AeTseHa Ot<OnHOeTb. HaH-noent. Tpt.6sa Aa ee s3eMaTb
npi:.Ab
B11Ab 11
n11eMeH11Tt.
est.At.HH51 3a U.bpt<BaTa, 3ana3eHI1 y CTap11Tt. n;y:.TeweCTseHI1U,I1. Kont<oTo Ti:.3H est.At.HI151 Aa e;y:. t<paTt<l1
11 nospbXHOeTHI1,
TE
see nat<b 11MaTb 113SbHpeAHO roni:.MO 3HaYeHI1e 3a Haeb,
OTHOWeHI151 nOnbnBaTb
H n051eH51SaTb 3at<ntOYeHH51Ta,
eaMo Ha apxeonori1Yeet<H51 MaTep11anb.
1<011TO MOraTb Aa ee HanpaB51Tb Bb3b OeHOSa
KaTO ee 11MaTb npt.Ab SI1Ab Ti:.3H
eaMaTa erpaAa, OTKp11TI1Ti:. npi:.AMeTI1 H nHeMeHI1Ti:. esi:.A-5HI151 Cs. Co1151
nOHe<e Ti:. Sb MHOrO
TPH B11Aa 113TOYHI1U.H -
MO<e Aa ee t<a<e, Ye HeTOpH51Ta Ha
w,e 6;y:.Ae AO 113st.eTHa CTeneHb eAHO o6o6w,eHI1e OTb 11eTop11Yeet<o rneA11we
Ha ut.nH51
MaTep11anb, 113nO<eHb Bb nbpB11Ti:. YeT11p11 rnas11 Ha HaCTO!iiW,aTa I<HHra.

3a nbpBH51 nep110Ab OTb 11eTOp1151Ta Ha Cs. Co1151, AO o6pbw,aHeTo Ha U.bpt<saTa Bb A<aMI151, I<OHTO nep110Ab MO<eMb Aa HapeYeMb Xp11eTH51Hei<H, Hi:.MaMe Hl1t<at<SI1 Apyrl1 H3TOYHHU,11, OeB-BHb
apxeonori1Yeet<l151
MaTep11anb.
Bb 3aMt.Ha
Ha TOBa MHoro pa60TI1 ee o651eH51SaTb Ypi:.3b
OTb o6w,aTa HeTOp1151 Ha rpaAa CoH51, t<bMb t<OHTO, no Ta311 np11411Ha, yeeTo
6t.rsaMe.
nl1eMeHI1Ti; eBi;Ai:.HI1SI
Ha
eb6HTI151Ta
we Tpt.6sa
Aa np11-
n;y:.TeweeTBeHI1l.l,I1Ti:. ee OTHae51Tb Se11YI<11 AO Typet<l151 nepHOAb,
t<oraTo Cs. Co1151 seYe He e eny<Hna 3a U,bpt<sa. BentAeTsl1e Ha Tosa T0311 nepHOAb
Hl1 e H3st.e-
TeHb eb MH0rO no-roni:.MH nOAp06HOeTI1 3a U,bpt<BaTa, OTI<Oni<OTO nbpB1151Tb.
Hcrop1151 Ha ubpKsara Cs. Co1151
144
1. Cs. CocpY151 no o6pbwaHero t1

YlcropY151Ta Ha Cs. CocpY151
3anoysa
MHoro
no-paHo orb CbrpaH<)J,aHero Ha
crpoi1Ka. Hai1-KbCHO Bb spi:;Mero Ha KoHcraHrYIHa BenYIKYI

e 61-1na Cbrpa)J,eHa
n<.aMY!51
Bb
(312- 337
cerawHara
no-
ro)J,.) Ha Mi:;croro Ha Cs. Coqm51
54
ManKara Ll,bpKBYILJ,a Cb )J,OnHYI51 M03aYI4eHb nOAb (crp.
en.),
K051TO e cnyH<Hna
KaTO LI,YIMYITepY!anHa Ll,bpi<Ba 3a MHOro6pOHHYiri:; CrapoXpY1CrYI51HCI<YI rpo6HYILI,YI, rJKCTO rpynYipaHYI OI<OnO

He51. no rosa spi:;Me (oqm51 e 3aeMana TBbp)J,i:; BYILIHO Mi:;cro MeH<AY rpa)J,OBeri:; Ha 5anKaHCI<YI51 nonyocrpOBb. KoHcraHTYIHb BenYIKYI, npi:;AYI )J,a ce ycraHOBYI Ha UapY!rpa)J,b, e YIManb cepY103HO HaM-1:;peHY!e )J,a npi:;Hece CB051ra
cronYILJ,a Bb Coqm51,
K051TO e)J,YIHb OTb CbBpi:;MeHYiri:; nHcarenYI, f\MYiaHb

MapLJ,enYIHb, HapY14a ,roni:;Mb Yl xy6asb rpaAb". 1) XpY1CrYI51HCTBoro e )J,06Y!no ryKa WYipOKO pa3npocrpaHeHYie 1-1 CocpY151 e craHana ci:;)J,anHw,e Ha enYICKoncrso.
Bb nbpBY!ri:; spi:;MeHa Ha xpY1CrYI51HCTBOTO,
6Yinb CBYIKaHb npi:;3b
343/4
ce
BYIH<)J,a
K'EIKBa roni:;Ma pon51 e Ylrpanb rpaAbTb
Hai1-Ao6pi:; orb
o6cro51rencrsoro,
Ye ryKb e
ro)J,. sceneHCKYI51Tb Ll,bpKoBeHb Cb60p1:-, HapeYeHb cnopeAb rorasawHoro
YIMe Ha rpa)J,a Cap)J,YIKYIHCKYI.~)

To3YI cb60pb Hi:;Ma Ha sci:;KYI cnyyai::f HYIW,O o6w,o Cb
noHe no npi:;AaHYie, roi1 ce e CbCT051nb )J,aH<e He Bb caMYI51
Hawara Ll,bpKBa. ,lJ,oKonKoro ce 3Hae
rpa)J,b, HO Bb e)J,Ha roni:;Ma Ll,bpKBa YI3-
BbHb rpa)J,a, pa3BanYIHYiri:; Ha K051TO CJK ce BYIH<)J,anYI YaKb )J,O XVII

cpY1i1CKYI51 KaTOnYIYeCKYI enYICKOnb
5or)J,aHb
5aKWYIYb OTb
1640
si:;Kb.
fO)J,YIHa
CnopeAb panopra
Ta3YI
Ll,bp!<Ba
6n1-130 )J,O CocpY151 Ha e)J,HO BYICOKO Yl xy6aso Mi:;cro, Koero ce HapY!Yano TpHa)J,YILJ,a.
Bb Apyrb e)J,YIHb panoprb Ha Cfi"-W,Y151
enYICKOnb
orb
1653
ro)J,.
Ha co-
Ce HaMY!pana
B)
HaMYipaMe
noonpi:;Ai:;neHYI
csi:;)J,i:;HYI51 3a Mi:;crononoH<eHY!ero Ha Ll,bpKBara. , TpaAYILJ,a e Mi:;croro, )J,i:;ro ce HaMHpanb era pb MOHacrYipb YI3BbHb CocpY151, Ha !Orb, Bb no)J,HOH<Yiero Ha e)J,YIHb XbnMb, HapY14aHb orb rypLJ,Yiri:; ToKMaKnYI51;
(MoHacrYipbrb) cera e pa3pyweHb.
ro3YI
MOHacrYipb e 61-1nb Ha Cs.
Ka3BaTb,
TpoY!LJ,a.
Ye
ce HapY14anb OTb
Pa3npas51rb
rbpLI,Yiri:; TpY!a)J,a;
ow,e, Ye 3a no-roni:;Mo
si:;psaMb, Ye
YA06crso Yl nopaAYI
xy6aBYI51 Bb3AYXb Ha rosa Mi:;cro ce CbCT051nb Ca PAYIKYii1CKYI51rb Cb60pb." ~)

Karo ce B3eMe npi:;Ab BYI)J,b, ye TpY!a)J,YILJ,a ce e HapY14ana y BYI3aHTYIHCKYITi:; nYicarenYI CaMara
CocpY151, '') ro 51BHO e, Ye rosa Ha3BaHYie, cni:;)J,b Karo e npi:;craHano )J,a ce ynorpi:;651Ba 3a rpa)J,a, e
61-1no npi:;HeceHo Bbpxy PYYIHYiri:; Ha BbnpocHara Ll,bpKBa-MoHaCTYipb, Cfi"-W,YIHCKOTO Y!Me Ha K051ro He
e 61-1no seye YI3Bi:;crHo. Orb ryKb e npoY13ni:;3no 3a6nyH<AeHYiero Ha
Hi:;KOYI nHcarenYI,
Ye crapara
Cep)J,Y!Ka He ce HaMY!pana Ha Mi:;croro Ha )J,HewHa CocpY151, HO npYI pa3sanYIHYiri:; Ha Ll,bpKBara.

Hi:;KoYI nfl"-rewecrseHYILI,YI, KOYiro Cfl"- MYIHanYI KbMb cpi:;)J,ara Ha XVII si:;Kb npi:;3b CocpY151, Cfl"-lllO
Cfl"- BYI)J,i:;nYI pa3sanYIHYiri:; Ha ra3YI Ll,bpKBa, 3a K051TO ce
250 ro)J,. en. Xp. n) Cnope)J,b

10n1-1 1665 ro)J,., pa3sanYIHYin Ha
ro)J,YIHYI, r. e. ow,e KbMb

npi:;3b CocpY151 npi:;3b
') fn. J ire e k, Die Heerstrasse von Bel grad nach

Konstantinopel. crp. 26 en.; Ka ua p o B b, np11HOCb hbMb
crapara 11crop1151 Ha Co1151, crp. 1 en.
2) f-Hb H. M11neBb 11Ma mo6e3HOCTbTa na Ml1 Cbo6LU11 cni;nH51Ta n11reparypa Bbpxy capn11K11ikK1151 Cb6opb,
K051TO MY e 611na nocoYeHa OTb npo. K. HpeYeKb Bb
B11eHa: H efe I e, Controversen iiber die Synode in Sardica, Tubing. theolog. Quartalschrift 1852, 360 en.; Cl!'i.LU1151Tb, Conciliengeschichte, 2-po 113U. I, 1873, 533 en.;
Batiffol, Byzant. Zeitschr. VII, 1898, 273; Friedrich,
Sitz.-Berichte der Flkad. Miinchen 1902,383 en. 11 1903 Ill;
Cn a c K i 11, Bonpocb o nonni1HHOCTI1 npaBI1JJb Capn11Kii1CKaro co6opa, Bb 6orocnoBcKii1 si;cTHI1Kb 1902. Cp.
ocsi;Hb rosa B11JaHT. speMeHHI1Kb IX, 1902, 555 en.;
Journal of theological studies 1902, Ja Mi;ceub anp11nb;
Byzant. Zeitschr. XIII, 1904, 279 11 XIV, 1905, 706.
rosopi:;no, ye
61-1na Cbrpa)J,eHa
npi:;)J,YI
1400
nfl"-rewecrseHYIKa TacpepHepb, Koi1ro MYIHanb

UbpKsara ce HaMY!panYI 6nY!30 AO rpa)J,a HYIKO-
::) Fleta Bulgariae ecclesiastica, ed. Fermendziu,

Zagrabiae 1887, crp. 74: Si vede vicino Ia citta [Co1151]
una chiesa in un luogo eminente et bello: dove dicono
d'essere stato concilio Sardicense; nella lingua Bulgara
si chiama quel luogo Triadiza.
4 ) Fleta Bulg. eccles. crp. 228: E Ia Tradizza, vi e
un luogo, dove e stato monasterio ab antiquis fuori di
Soffia verso mezzo giorno alia radice di monte chiamato
da Turchi Tokmaklia, adesso distrutto; et dicono che si
chiamava da Greci Triada, credo fosse stato quel monastero della ss. trinita; anzi dicono, che per maggior
commodita et bona aria in quel luogo si celebro il concilia Sardicense.
'') YlpeYeKb, nl!'i.ryBaHI151, crp. 9.
1
;) John Bur bury, F\ relation of a journey of the
right Honourable My Lord Hen~y Howard from London
no-crap;nt, UbpKBH Ha M-&CTOTO Ha Cs. CocpH5!
145
nOJlb, .o,tTo ce CTV~rano no ni'KTS! OTb HV~Wb, npt.o,V~ .o,a ce .o,of;i.o,e .o,o CocpVIS!.
aBTOpbTb -
He OH3VI Bb PoMbHVIS! Ha )J,yHasa, VI3BtcTeHb
no ocTaTbll,V~Tt
1
)
,06aYe
nOS!CHS!Ba
Ha TpaS!HOBVIS!
MOCTb, a
llPYrb Bb 6bnrap11S! ... BbHb OTb rpa.o,a Ha ni1YHO MtCTo ce 3a6tnt3sa u,bpKOBHa crpa.o,a, yKpaceHa
no-paHo Cb pa3HVI p11cyH1<11. Typu,11Tt, npocpaHaTop11 Ha
MeHb 3a xpVICTI1S!HCKVITt
cseTI111,
o6bpHanl1
U,bpKOBHI1Tt crpa.o,V~, 3a .o,a He
Bb pa1sanV1HVI u,bpKBaTa VI
ocTaHe cno-
H. Cnope.o,b
yKpaweHVIS!Ta
3ana3eHOTO OTb napo spi>Me npt.LlaHV~e, Ta3VI
nocTpol'iKa e 6V~na Cbrpa.o,eHa npt.o,VI 1400 ro.o,V~HVI VI

BI1HarVI Ce e HaM11pana Ha OC06Ha nOYVITb y XpVICTVIS!HVITt". 2) 0Tb BCI141<VI T"fi311 CBt.o,tHI1S! Ce BVI>I<,D,a,
Ye u,bpKBaTa, Bb KOS!TO
npt.o,aHV~eTo ce e CbCTOS!Jlb
cnope.o,b
Cap.o,11KV~f;icKI1S!Tb u,bpKOBeHb Cb60pb,
ce e HaMV~pana BbHb OTb Cocp11S!, ye TS! e 6~oma TBbp.o,t rontMa VI ye Hei1HV~Tt pa3sanV~HI1 Ci'K ce 3a6tnt3sanl1 YaKb .o.o
XVII stKb. K.aTo ce B3eMe npt.o,b BVI,D,b, Ye Ta3VI u,bpKBa e
CTap11Ti> 11 OTb Haf;i-3Ha4VITeJlHVITt
Bb
6bnrap115l,
TO
Hef;iHOTO
HaMHpaHe
6V~na e.o,Ha
4pi:.3b
OTb Hai1-
pa3l<Onl<l1,
KOeTO
npVI noBHI1MaTenHo TbpCeHe c11rypHo w,e ce y.o,a.o,e, OVI V~Mano rpaMa.o,Ho 3HaYeHV~e 3a V~3YYBaHeTo Ha
CTapOXpVICTVIS!HCI<aTa UbpKOBHa apX11TeKTypa y HaCb. no Ta311 np11411Ha ce cnptxMe no-no.o,po6HO Bbpxy
HeS! VI npVIBe,D,OXMe 3ana3eHVITt CBt.o,tHVIS!, Ha
I<OHTO
,D,OCera He
e 06bpHaTO HVII<ai<BO BHHMaH11e
Bb
HaWaTa HayYHa Jli1TepaTypa.
58),
K.aKTO BVI,D,i:.XMe BeYe no-ropt ( CTp.
L1,bp1<BI1LJ,aTa Cb ,D,OJlHVIS! M03al14eHb
CTOTO Ha Cs. Cocp1-1S! e 6Hna pa3pyweHa KbMb BTopaTa
nonoBHHa
Ha YeTBbpT11S!
nO,D,b Ha
stKb,
sptMe 3anoysa 6onwi1HCTBOTO OTb HaMtpeHI1Tt Bb HacHna H MOHeTI1, OTb BaneHTHHVIaHa
OTb
Mt-
KOeTo
I (364-375 ro.o,.)
HaTaTbKb. TbKMO Bb TOBa sptMe ce na.o,aTb onycTOW11TenHI1Ti> noxo.o,11 Ha secTrOTV~Tt, KOI1TO HaHH
caT~ nbpB11S! YYBCTBI1TeneHb y.o,apb Ha pHMCKOTO sna.o,I1YeCTBO Ha 6anKaHCKVIS! nonyocTpOBb 11 KOI1TO
Ci'K TpaS!Jll1 OTb
376-382
ro.o,. noHe>l<e Ti>3VI noxo.o,H Ci'K 3acerHaJlVI H CocpHS!, a)
TO He MO>I<e .o,a VIMa
HI1KaKBO CbMHi:.HVIe, Ye pa3pyweHI1eTO Ha Ll,bpKBVILJ,aTa w,e Tpt6sa .o,a Ce np11n11we 11MeHHO Ha BeCT
romTt. )J,o.o,tTO Ci'K TpaS!Jll1 pa3M11pH11Tt sptMeHa, He e MOrJlO .o,a Ce MVICJ111 3a Bb306HOBJleHI1eTO Ha
Ll,bpi<BVILJ,aTa. f\1<0 TS! e npO,D,bJl>l<aBaJla
.o,a
CJlY>I<VI
11
np"b3b TOBa
BptMe, TO CVIrypHO
e 611na CaMO
OTYaCTVI nonpaseHa 11 e CTOS!na noseYeTo KaTo pa3sanHHa. CaMo no T03VI HaYVIHb Mome .o.a ce o6S!CHI1
HaM11paHeTO Ha MOHeTVITt Bn HaCHna BbpXy no.o,a
H Hai1CTI1Ha HHe BH.o,txMe ( op.
rOpH11S! M03aVIYeHb nO,D,b Bbpxy
58),
ye cbrpam.o,aHeTo
pa3BaJli1HVITt Ha
Bi:.Kb, He no-paHO OTb BDtMeTO Ha f\pKa,D,HS!
H.
Ha BTopaTa
no-rontMa
U.bpKBa
Cb
nbpBaTa e CTaHaJlO e.o,sa Bb HaYaJlOTO Ha neTVIS!
(395-408
ro.o,.), I<OfaTO CJ'h HaCTJ'hni1JlH nO-MHpHVI Bp"fi-
MeHa. Ta311 BTopa u,bpKBa e 6V~na stp05lTHO naKb U.HMHTepHanHa, o6aYe 11Mana e MHoro no-rontMH
pa3Mi>p11. H3stcTHO CbMHtHI-le Bbpxy
U.HMI1TepHanHOTO
06CTOS!TeJlCTBOTO, Ye Mem.o,y OTKpHTHT"fi rp06HI1LJ,VI He Ce

.o,aT11paTb Cb nOJlO>I<HTeJlHOCTb Bb
H npt.o,Ha3HaYeHHe ce nopam.o,a caMo OTb

HaMV~paTb
Tai<HBa,
1<011TO .o,a MOraTb .Lla ce
V Bi:.Kb. npVI BCe TOBa MO>I<e MHOfO .0,06p"fi .o,a Ce I<OHCTaT11pa, 48
rp06HHL1,11T"fi, 1<011TO cera OTYaCTH OCTaBaTb nO,D,b no.o,a Ha Ll,bpKBaTa, He Ci'K 611J1V1 pa3pywaBaHH npVI
to Vienna and thence to Constantinople. London 1671,
crp. 128 cn.: On the fifteenth [IOJJH 1664 rou.] we got
to Sophia ... During our stay here. while a Courier
was dispatched to Vienna , the Bishop of the place changing his Habit, waited on his Excellency , and shew'd
us the Church, which was without the Town. which is
said to have been built above fourteen hundred years.
naca<bTb e naneHb Bb np-&sonb H y P. CnasefiKOBb,
EuHo crapo nli'.rynaHHe np-&3b 6bnrapH 5! , nep. cnw:aHHe
LX, 1899, 946.

1) Pa3 Bai111HHT-t Ha T0 3H rpanb LUe rp-&6sa na ce
TbpC5!Tb s-&po5!THO npH nHewHoro ceno Bbp6Hua.
~)Paulus Tafferne r, Caesare a legatio quam
mandante /1ugustissimo Rom. lmperatore Leopolda I ad
portam O ttomannicam suscepit perfecitque excellentissimu s dominus, dominus Walterus S. R. I. comes de Leslie,
Viennae 11ustriae 1672, crp. 41: 11nte Sophiam Nicopolis
appulsos excepit; non ilia Romaniae ad Danubium frag-
mentis pontis Traian 1 celebris, sed altera haec Bulgariae ...

Extra urbem in pro oatulo sacra aedes conspicitur olim
picturis varie illustrata. Profanatores Sacrarum aedium
Turcae, ne sanctorum Christiani nominis memoria superesse!, templum ruinis, et emblemmata vibicibu s compl everunt. Fama constans a traditionibus majorum refert,
aedem hanc ante mill e et quadringentos annos exstructam, frequentissima Christianorum pietate cultam semper
fuisse. 0Tb nli'.rOnHca Ha TacpepHepb C!i'.LUecrsysa H euHo
H-&McKo H31laHHe nonb HancnoBb Kaiserliche Botschafft
an die ottomanische Pforte etc., Breszl au 1680; rn . VIs.
W H w M a H o Bb, CrapH nli'.rysaHH5! np-&3b 6bnrapH5! , Bb
C6opH . 3a Hap. yMors. IV, 1891, 465. Ocs-&Hb rosa Cli'.
LUH5!Tb nli'.ronHCb e naneHb Karo npHnomeHHe KbMb
sropH5! TOMb Ha Ric aut, Histoire d e l'etat present de
I' empire Ottoman , traduite de 1'11nglois par Briot, Colo gne 1676, u-tro BbnpoCHH5!Tb UHTaTb ce HaMHpa Ha crp. 132
::) J ire e k, Die Heerstrasse, crp . 56.
19
146
HCTopHSt Ha ubpKBaTa Cs. Co<jJHII
CbrpamnaHero H, a Hanpon1Bb C.IK 6VInVI
MHoro BHVIMarenHo 3ana3BaHH. Ha raKVIBa
Mi>cra Hanp.,
ni>TO Hi>I<OH 3VInb Ha L.l,bpKBaTa e Tpi>6Bano na MVIHe Bbpxy nemaw,a Ha TOBa Mi>CTO rpo6HVIL.J,a, 3VInbTb
e npi>xBbpmtnb Ta3VI nocni>nH51Ta nocpi>nCTBOMb enHa apKa, 3a na ce Vl36"trHe ron"tMV151Tb HaTHCKb
BbpXy rp06HVIL.J,aTa (cp. CTp.
52).
no C.IKUI,VIT-5 Cb06pa>t<eHVI51 e 6VInb
3aCVIneHb nocp"tnCTBOMb HOBa
apKa CBOnbTb Ha rpo6HVIL.J,ara IV, Bbpxy Koiho e MVIHaBanb nonbTb Ha U.bpKBara (rn. CTp. 73).
l:::hopara L.l,bpi<Ba C.IKWO He e MOrna na Ce 3anbp>!<V1 nbnro Bp"tMe. K.aKTO BVIn"tXMC:, HeHHVI51Tb
nOnb Bb BCVIYI<VIT-5 CVI 4aCTVI VIMa enH006pa3eHb xapaKTepb. 0Th TOBa MOH<e na Ce 3aKni04VI, Ye TOH
He e np"trbpn"tnb Tai<VIBa 4aCTVI4HVI nOnHOB51BaHVI51, Kai<BVITO I<OHCTaTVIpaxMe Hanp. Bb nOnHS!Ta
3aVIKa (crp .
55 en.),"'
M0-
KOVITO ce o651CH51BaTb caMo 4p"t3b nbnrosp-tMeHHOTO ynorp-t6eHVIe Ha nona. Ha-
npOTVIBb, BCVI41<VI 4aCTVI Ha ropHV151 M03aVI4eHb
nOnb,
nOKOnKOTO
HOBH, 6e3b na ce 3a6-tn"t3BaTb no r"txb na'~<e H ManKH
C.IK
3ana3eHVI, V13rne<naTb
nonpaBKVI Cb orn"tnHH
KaMb4era.
KaTO
Cn-tno-
sarenHo sropara L.J,bpKBa rp-t6sa na e 611na pa3pyweHa, np"tnH ow,e nonbTb na e 6Hnb 3axa6eHb
OTb nponbn<HrenHo ynorp-t6eHHe.
Orb npyra crpaHa HHe BVIn"txMe, ye Cs. CocpH51 e 611na
Cbrpa-
neHa np"t3b VI B"tl<b. BcHYKH r"t3H Cbo6pa<eHV151 HH nose<narb no 3aKnl04eHVIe, Ye sropara L.J,bpKBa
Cb ropHV151 M03aVI4eHb nonb rp-t6sa na e 6VIna pa3pyweHa ow,e np"t3b V s"tKb. VI HaHCTVIHa Bb HCTOpH51Ta Ha CocpH51 orb rosa sp-tMe ce nana
roni;Ma
T04HOCTb
narara
Ha
TOBa
enHO cb6VITHe,
pa3pyweHVIe,
Koero HVI no3son51Ba na cpHKCHpaMe Cb
HMeHHO nOXOnbTb
OnycroweHH51Ta, KOHTO xyHHT-t C.IK VI3BbpWV1nH Ha 6anKaHCKH51
Ha XYHHT-5 Bb 447 ron.
nonyoCTpOBb, C.~K 6HnVI
MHoro no-
ron"tMVI VI no-KopeHHH, OTKOnKoro r"t3VI Ha r"txHHr-t np"tnwecrseHVIU.VI, secrrorHr-t. Me<ny pa3pyweHHT-t OTb r"txb rpanose ce cnoMeHaBa H3pH4HO VI CepnVIKa. Cnopenb CBHn"trenCTBOTO Ha
I<OHTO e 6Hnb CbBptMeHHHIMe Ha ra3H Karacrpocpa 3a rpana
e 611na pa3pyweHa 6e3b CbMH"tHHe H sropara U.bpKBa Cb ropHH51
M03aVI4eHb nonb, K051TO cn"tno-
sarenHo rp-t6sa na e C.~Kw,ecrsysana caMO OKano 40 ronVIHH.

Pa3MHpHHT-t sp-tMeHa c.~K ce nponbn<VInH no Kpa51 Ha V s"tKb. Cn"tnb xyHHT-t noxa<naTb nbK"lc
OCHOTVIri> (473-488 ron.), KOVITO C.IK npOnbn<VInVI pa3pywVITenHOTO ni>no Ha CBOVITi> npi>nweCTBeHHL.J,VI.
,IJ,anH CocpH51 e nocrpanana H orb r"txb, He e H3B"tCTHO, HO Ha sc"tKH cnyyaJ::t
TBbpn-t e
s-tpo51THO,
noHe<e rorasa C.IK 6VInVI pa3pyweHVI 6nVI3KVIri> rpanose HVIWb VI Cro611.~)

Orb rosa sp-tMe HaraTblHHOCTb, 1<051TO e HMana 3a u."tnb npi>nVI
BCVI41<0
Bb306HOB51BaHeTO Ha
pa3pyweHHTi> OTb
onyCTOWHTeJlHHT-5 BapBapCKH HaWeCTBVI51 CrpanH VI 1<051TO e nOCTHrHana CB051Ta HaJ::i-roni;Ma HHTeH3HBHOCTb Bb spi>Me Ha IOcTHHVIaHa
(527-565
ron.). Cnopenb CBVIni>renCTBOTO Ha npoKOnVI51, IOCTVI-
HHaHb e CbrpanHJlb VI Bb 6bnrapH51 MHOrO Kp"tnOCTH HaHOBO, a npyrH e CaMO nonpaBHJlb. '1)
K.bMb
ri>3VI nocn"tnHVIri> npHHanne<H i-l CocpH51.-l)

HHe H3nO<HXMe Be4e no-ropi; nonpOOHO
Cb06pa<eHH51Ta, KOHTO HVI nOBe<naTb no 3ai<JliO-
YeHVIe, Ye Cs. CocpH51 e 611na nocrpoeHa Ha sci>KH cnyyaJ::t ow,e npi>3b VI si>Kb ( crp. 114). Bb rosa
sp-tMe w,e rp-t6sa cn"tnosarenHo na ce narVIpa H nbpBH51Tb crpoHreneHb nepHOnb Bb HcropH51Ta
Ha U.bpKBara (cp. crp.
22).
K.aKb e Vl3rne<nana T51 npt3b T03VI nepHOnb, rosa
c.~Kw,o
Vl3nO<VIXMe
nonpo6Ho norop-t (crp. 39-44).

C.~Kw,ecrseHVI npoM"tHVI C.IK era Han VI npi>3b BropH51 crpoVIreneHb nepVIOnb, KOJ::iro , KaKTO BHni>xMe,
Ce XapaKrepH3VIpa Cb TOBa, ye H"tKOH OTb BpaTHT-5

YaCTVI CbBCi>Mb 3anyweHH (crp.
22).
VI np030pl.l,HT-5 C.IK 6HnH OT4aCTH yManeHH, OT-
3a H<aJlOCTb He npVITe<aBaMe nOCTaTbYHVI yKa3aHVI51, 3a na cpV11<-
CHpaMe XpOHOJlOrHYeCKH nO-T04HO T03H nepHOnb. f\KO B3eMeMb o6a4e np"tnb BVInb, Ye nonpaBKHTt
OTb TOBa Bp"tMe w,e na C.IK 6VInVI npi>nH3BVII<aHH OTb Hi>KOVI 06W,VI n0-3Ha4VITenHH nOBp"tnVI Ha L.l,bpI<BaTa, Kai<BHTO C.IK MOrnH na 6.~KnaTb npHYHHeHH npH np"tB3VIMaHeTO H pa3rpa6BaHeTO Ha rpana OTb
Hi>Kol::t HenpV151Tenb, ro w,e 6.~Kne Mome 6V1 ocHosarenHO na CBbp<eMb BbnpocHHrt nosp"tnH Cb nana1) nalKeeTBO rpa>KAaH11. 1)
809 roA ., KoraTO
147
e~ 6vtnl1 113611TI1
6000 AYWI1
Bl13aHTI1~eKI1
Bb TaKbBb enyYaH BTOp1151Tb CTp011TeneHb nep110Ab w,e Aa ee
naAHe ow,e Bb Kpa51 Ha IX st.Kb, ent.Ab noKpbeTBaHeTO Ha 6bnrap11Tt. (863 roA.), KoraTO Ha~-KbeHO
U.bpKBaTa Tpt.6sa Aa e 611na OKOHYaTenHo nonpaseHa 11 np11enoeo6eHa HaHoso 3a
6oroeny>KeHI1e, aKO Bb06w,e npi:;3b I<paTKOBpi:;MeHHOTO BnaAI1YeeTBO
Ha
xp11eTI151HeKOTO
e3114HI1ll,I1Tt. -6bnrap11
U,bp
KOBHaTa eny>K6a Bb He51 e 611na npt.yeTaHoBeHa .

set.KI1 enyYa~ eb nonpaBKI1Tt. OTb BTOp1151 CTpo11TeneHb nep110Ab u,bpKBaTa e 3ary611na
Ha
3Ha411TenHo OTb eB051Ta nbpsoHaYanHa xy6oeTb KaTo noCTpo~Ka. He eaMo B~ Tpt.wHoTo oest.TneHI1e
ee e HaMan11no 3HaYI1TenHO, HO TaKa e~w,o, Ypt.3b 3anywsaHeTo rnasHo Ha npo3opu,11Tt. Ha Hanp1;y HI151 Kopa6b (rn. CTp.
KO~To ee e
18 11 20), 6 11nb e YHI1W,O}!{eHb OTYaeTI1 11 AeKopaTI1BHI151Tb ecpeKTb,
noeTI1ranb Ypt.3b Tt.XHOTO Hape}/{AaHe Bb rpyn11 no Tp11 HaeAHO.

0Tb spt.MeTO Ha Bl13aHTI1~eKoTo
snaAI1YeeTBo Bb Cocp1151
(1 018-1194 rOA.) He np11Te>KasaMe
a6eontOTHO H11KaKBI1 est.At.HI151 3a u,bpKBaTa. Ha Tosa spt.Me w,e Tpt.6sa MO}!{e 611 Aa ee np11n11we
rpbu,KI151Tb HaAn11eb eb 6narono>KenaHI1e 3a naTp11apxa Bb IO}!{HOTO OTAt.neH11e Ha Hanpt.YHI151 Kopa6b
(CTp.
27),
KO~ho e 611nb noCTaseHb MO>Ke 611 no noBOAb Ha Ht.Kol1 nonpaBK11, 113BbpwsaHI1 Torasa
set.KI1 enyYa~ o6eT051TeneTBOTO, ye HaAnl1ebTb e 611nb noeTaBeHb Ha TaKOBa
Ha Tosa Mt.CTo. Ha
BTOpOCTeneHHO Mt.CTO, noKa3Ba, Ye TOH He e ebBpt.MeHeHb Ha ebrpa}!{AaHeTO Ha U,bpKBaTa.

(~W,O 11 3a
noent.AHI1Ti:; ABi:; eTont.TI151 OTb Xp11eTI151HeKI151
nep110Ab Ha
U,bpKBaTa , KOraTO
(ocp1151 ee e HaM11pana OTHOBO Bb 6bnrapeKI1 p;y;,u,i:;, MO}!{e Aa ee Ka>Ke TBbpAi:; ManKO. npt.3b TOBa
Bpt.Me B~Tpt.WHOeTbTa Ha U,bpKBaTa , KaKTO 11 Henoepi:;AeTBeHaTa ~ OKOnHOeTb, e ~ 3anOYHanl1 naKb
Aa eny>KaTb 3a norpe6eHI151. H11e BI1At.xMe, Ye Tt.311 KbeHI1 rpo6ose 3anoYBaTb OTYaeTI1 OTb
st.Kb
(CTp. 107). 06aYe, KaKTO 113rne>KAa, noseYeTo OTb Tt.xb AaTI1paTb eABa OTb XIII 11 XIV st.Kb. F\Ko ee
e~AI1 no 6oraTI1Ti:; 3naTOTbKaHI1 OAe>KA11 11 eK~ ni1Ti:; npt.AMeTI1, HaMi:;peHI1 Bb Ht.KOI1 OTb rpo6oseTi:;,
Tpt.6sa Aa ee 3aKntOYI1, Ye norpe6aHI1Tt. Bb B~Tpt.wHoeTbTa Ha U,bpKBaTa n11ua e~ np11HaAne}!{anl1

Ha Bl1eWI1rS 6on5tpeKI1 11 AYXOBHI1 Kp~rose Ha TOraBaWHOTO o6w,eeTBO, 11n11 Sb06w,e Ha n11u,a, KOI1TO
e~ 11Man11 oeo6HI1 3aenyr11 KbMb U,bpKsaTa.
Ye 3apaAI1 Tt.311
CaMo no T0311 Ha411Hb ee o65teH5tsa 11 o6eT051TeneTsOTO,
rpo6ose He e 611nb waAeHb xy6asi151Tb Mp51MopeHb nOAb Ha U,bpKsaTa, KO~TO e
Tpt.6sano Aa 6~Ae pa3san51Hb 11 noent. naKb nonpas51Hb. BnpoYeMb KaTo ee s3eMe npt.Ab SI1Ab, ye
Sbpxy rpo6oseTt.,
KaKTO ee yKa3a np11 pa3KOnKI1Tt., He e 611na noCTas5tHa naKb eon11AHa KaMeHHa
11n11 6eTOHOSa nOAnO>KKa KaTO nbpSOHal.JanHaTa (rn . CTp. 43), He06XOA11Ma 3a Mp51MOpHaTa HaeTI1nKa
Ha
U,bpKsaTa, AonyeTI1MO e Aa ee np11eMe,
noHe Sb no-ront.MaTa e11
YaeTb, e 611na
seYe
Ye
Ta311
nbpsoHaYanHa
HaeTI1nKa
pa3pyweHa . Cnt.AOSaTenHO
11
no
Tosa
Bb TOBa
spt.Me,
OTHOWeHI1e
MO>Ke Aa ee KOHeTaT11pa eA11Hb OTnaAbKb Ha U,bpKBaTa enpt.MO nbpBOHaYanHI151 ~ SI1Ab.

np11 see Tosa 11 npt.3b Ta311 KbeHa enoxa He e~ 1111nesanv: oni1TI1 3a noAHOS51SaHe 11 pa3xy6as5tsaHe Ha U,bpKsaTa. H11e S11At.XMe, Ye TSI Hai1-ManKO ABa
n~TI1 e
611na
113nl1eSaHa eb cppeeKI1,
Orb KOI1TO e~ ee 3ana311nl1 TSbpAt. He3HaYI1TenHI1 ent.A11 . MaKapb 11 Aa Ht.MaMe HI1KaKsl1 yKa3aHI151
3a Tt.xHaTa AaTa, see naKb MO}!{e Aa ee Ka>Ke, ye Tt. np0113XO>KAaTb epasHI1TenHo OTb KbeHa enoxa
(rn. CTp. 43). Cnt.AosaTenHo, aKO He 11
ASC!Ta, TO e11rypHo noHe ropH1151Tb nnaeTb OTb cppeeK11rl
MO>Ke Aa ee np11 :l i1We Ha XIII 11n11 XIV st.Kb.

<!Jpee1<11Tt.
e~ AOnp11Hae5tnl1
6e3b ebMHt.HI1e
Bb ront.Ma
CTeneHb 3a xy6as1151 113rneAb Ha
U,bpKBaTa. f\KO KbMb TOSa np116as11Mb 11KOHOCTaea, non11ne11Tt., eseW,HI1ll,J.1Ti:; 11 Apyri1Ti:; He06XOAI1MI1
np11HaAne>KHOeTI1, TO SCJ.14KO TOSa, np11 3Ha411TenHI1Ti:; pa3Mt.p11 Ha U,bpKSaTa , Tpi:;6sa Aa e np0113Se>K
Aano see naKb TsbpAt. 11Mno3aHTHO sneYaTneHI1e. 4e Cs. Cocp1151 e 611na Ha set.KI1 enyya~ Ha~ -xy6asaTa 11 Hai1-6oraTaTa U,bpKsa Sb rpaAa , ee S11}!{Aa ow,e 11 OTb o6eT051TeneTSOTO , Ye T51 e eny>K11na
KaTO M11Tpononi1TeKa u,bpKsa. Tosa Ht.wo Y3HasaMe OTb np11nl1eKaTa Ha eAHO p~KOnl1eHo 6bnrapeKo
1) J ire e k, Di e Heerstrasse, cr p. 74.
f1cropH51 Ha ubpKsara Cs. CocpH51
148
eBaHren!-1e Ha nepraMeHTb, KyneHo Bb Benecb, KOeTo cera ce HaM1-1pa Bb 6-tnrpaAb 1):

HTE'
K'-
cfii:H
G~if;H
,\U'l'p~ll~'"
cp-k,J,e-~K~H
npH
,\u'l'p~u~Mt'l'ii:
Hw.111-k
H upH
IIHC.I eli\
cHe
illHX""''t ~ldmH
1\PH
K.di:;' ,S.\\> .,.3. (6837=1329) EH,J,K;:--. Ki. MaKapb TOBa I-13B-Ecme Aa ce OTHac51 e,[\Ba KbMb HaLJanoTO
Ha XIV s-tKb, He MO>t<e Aa 1-1Ma CbMH-tHI-1e, Ye Cs. Cocjm51 e 61-1na M1-1Tponon!-1TCKa L.J,bpKsa HaiiKbCHO
OTb XII s-tKb, np-E3b KOeTo sp-tMe seLJe Cocjm51
e 61-1na c-tAan1-1w,e Ha M1-1Tpononi-1Tb.~)
OCTasa Aa cnoMeHeMb, LJe Cs. Cocjm51 ce 51B51Ba
KaTo
L.J,apb VIBaHb W1-1wMaHa
M1-1Tpononi-1TCKa
L.J,bpKBa
1-1
Hai-1-nocn-t
,b rpaMoTaTa Ha
(1365-1386 rOA ), AaAeHa Ha ,IJ,paraneBCKI-151 MOHaCT1-1pb, Bb K051TO rpaMOTa
AYMI-1T-t , o6naCTbTa Ha Cs. Cocjm51"
crK
ynoTp-t6eHI-1 Bb CMI-1Cbnb Ha , CocjmiicKa M1-1Tpononl-151". 0 )
np-t3'b BTOpaTa nonOBJ-1Ha Ha XIV B-EKb Cs. Cocjm51 e np-E>t<1-1B51BaJJa
nocn-EAHI-1T-t rO,[\I-1HI-1 Ha
csoeTo 6n-tcKaBo crKw,eCTsysaHe KaTo xp1-1CTI-151HCKa L.J,bpKBa.~) !<pai-l Ha TOBa Hei-~Ho nono>t<eH!-1e TYP51
na,[laHeTO Ha Cocjm51 Bb prKL.J,-tT-t Ha TYPL.J,i-1T-E Bb
1386 ro,[l. ~.)
2. Cs. CocpYI51 KaTo rypcKa n>KaMYI51

norp-twHO 61-1 6!-1nO ,[\a ce MV!Cnl-1, LJe Cnb,[\b np-EB3eMaHeTO Ha Cocjm51 TYPL.J,i-1T-E Cr!'. o6bpHanl-1
BCI-1LJKI-1
L.J,bpKBI-1 Bb A>t<aMI-11-1.
B-tpoTbpn1-1MOCTbTa y TYPL.J,i-1T-E, oco6Ho Bb nbpB1-1T-E sp-EMeHa
HOTO Bna,[\I-1LJeCTBO, e 61-1na Bb06w,e MHOrO no-ron-tMa, OTKOnKOTO 061-1KHOBeHO Ce
np-t,[lnOnara. ETO
3aw,o o6pbw,aHeTo Ha Cs. Cocjm51 Bb A>t<aM!-151 He MO>t<e Aa ce CBbp>t<e Cb np-Es3eMaHeTo

OTb TYPL.J,i-1T-E. nKTeweCTBeHJ-1KbTb lepnaxb Bb
Ha T-tx-
Ha
rpaAa
1578 rO,[\. J-136p051Ba Bb Cocp;-:51 12 Xp1-1CTI-151HCKI-1 l.l,bpKBI-1
HaYeno Cb Cb60pHaTa Cs. Map!-1Ha, H-EKOI-1 OTb KOI-1TO CrK ce 3ana31-1n1-1 1-1 AO AHeCb.')
06aLJe Me>t<AY
T-Exb Cs. Cocp!-151 seLJe He cp1-1ryp1-1pa. ECTeCTBeHo e, LJe HOBI-1T-t 3asoesaTenl-1 crK np1-1cBo1-1n1-1 3a CBOI-1
HY>t<AI-1 np-EAVI BCI-1LJKO Hai1-ron-EM!-1T-t 1-1 Hai1-xy6aB!-1T-t l.l,bpKBI-1. Ho 1-1 Bb T031-1 cnyyai.J
naKb He MO>t<e
Aa ce Ka>t<e, LJe TOBa e CTaHano BeAHara en-tAb 3asna,[\51BaHO:TO Ha rpa,[la. TaKa Hanp. L.J,bpKBaTa Cs.
leopr1-1, cnopeAb CB1-1A-ETencTBOTO Ha CrKW,I-151 nKTeweCTBeHI-1Kb,') e 61-1na o6bpHaTa Bb A>t<aMI-151
40 rG,[\I-1HI-1 np-EAI-1 HerOBOTO AOXa>t<,[\aHe Bb Cocp!-151,

ce, KaKBa e 61-1na CKA6aTa Ha Cs. Cocjm51
e. KbMb
T.
e,[\Ba
1538 rO,[\. npi-1 TaKJ-1Ba ycnOBI-151 ni-1Ta
en-tAb noKOp51BaHeTO Ha rpaAa OTb TYPL.J,I-1T-t
1-1 Kora
61-1na o6bpHaTa Ta31-1 l.l,bpKBa Bb A>t<aMI-151, KaKBaTo T51 e 61-1na AO ocso60>t<AeH!-1eTO. Onosopb Ha T-E31-1
Bbnpocl-1 Hl-1 AaBaTb CTap!-1T-E nKTewecTBeHI-1L.J,I-1,
KOI-1TO
CrK
oco6Ho
MHoro6poi-IHI-1 np-E3b XVI 1-1 XVII
s-EKb 1-1 nOLJTI-1 BCI-1LJKI-1 OTA-En51Tb no H-EKonKo AYMI-1 3a Cs. Cocp!-151. 3a XV s-EKb nOA06H!-1 I-13TOLJHI-1l.l,l-1
3a >t<anOCTb He np1-1Te>t<aBaMe, Tbi-1 LJe 3a TOBa sp-tMe w,e Tp-t6sa Aa HanpaBI-1Mb HaweTo 3af<n!OLJeH!-1e
Bb3b OCHOBa Ha nO-KbCHOTO CbCT051HJ-1e Ha l.l,bpKBaTa.
Cs-EA-EH1-151Ta 3a Cs. Cocp!-151 y nKTeweCTBeHI-1l.l,I-1T-t OTb XVI s-EKb He ce
CnopeAb PaM 6 e p T 1-1
BpaHLJI-1LJb
(1534 roA.) Bb Hero so sp-EMe l.l,bpKBaTa 61-1na
cxo>t<AaTb HanbnHo.
seYe o6bpHaTa Bb A>t<aMI-151. 8)
(1553 rGA-) Ka3sa caMo, LJe Cs. Cocp!-151 61-1na ,c:apa l.l,bpKBa OTb rpbl.l,KI-1 CTI-1nb", HO
(1577 roA) 5I cnoMeHaBa CrKW,O KaTO A>t<aMI-151, K051TO ce Ha-
H-EManb sp-EMe Aa 51 BI-1AI-1.! 1) W B a i-1 rep b

M1-1pana cp-tw,y xaHa 1-1Mb.
1)
n.
Croja HOBHh,
10)
0Th T-E31-1 cB-EA-EHI-151 61-1 Morna Aa ce 3aKniOLJI-1, Ye Cs. Cocjm51 e 61-1na
Karanor
HapOJIHe 6H6JJHO-
TeKe y 5eorpaJiy IV crp. 20 N~ 49.

~)
J i rec e 1<, Die Heerstrasse. CTp. 91.
;;) J.f\. f1JJbHHCKiH, lpaMOTbi60JJrapCKHXbUapei1,

MoCKsa 1911, crp. 29: ,.},tl H\\..1'1"'- \VIii\..IC'l'H
if;Ht.t
lid
C'l';;,, G~
''~\\H up-k4HC'l'iK liP~!\\ TilE ... f.H'l'~lti''-CKiK.
4) Cnopellb pa3Ka3a Ha Ht.KoH crapH cocjJHilHUH

(rn. f1pe'-lel<b, n;r;ryBaHH51 no 5bJJfapH51, CTp. 13), Ha
fOfb OTb Cs. CocjJH51 ce HaMHpanb ront.Mb MOHaCTHpb,
Bb KOHTO rypUHTi; ycrpOHJIH CB051 OpmmeHb CKJJaJib.
Cnopellb rosa 6H rpt.6sano Jia ce npHeMe, '-le Cs. CocpH51
e 6HJJa H MOHaCTHpCKa UbpKBa. Pa3KOnKHri; 06a'-Je He
nOTBbpmJiasaTb rosa npt.JiaHHe. Cs. CocpH51 ce 51B51Ba
KaTO CaMOCT051TeJJ Ha nOCTpOHKa, 1<051TO He e 6HJJa CBbp3aHa Cb HHKaKBH llpyrH crpaJIH. Bi;po51THO MHOro6poi1HHri; CTapH 3HllOBe OTb rpo6HHUH Cffi 6HJJH npH'-lHHa Jla
ce Cb3JiaJie MbJJBaTa, '-le ryKb Ht.Kora e HMano MOHacntpb, KaKTO Bbo6ule Hawero HaceneHHe 03Ha'-lasa o6HKHOBeHo KaTO ,MOHaCTHpHWe" BCt.KO Mt.CTO, Ha KOeTO Ce
3a6t.nt.3saTb cnt.mt OTb crapH crpaJIH.
) flaTaTa CnOpellb fl. f1 X '-l He B b, f13Bt.CTH51 Ha
HCTC!P llpym. II, 1906, 95.
';) JJ]. Vlpe'-leKb, nep. CnHC. VII, 1884, 119 H nmrysaHH51 no 5bnrapH51, crp. 18 3a6. 37. Cp. H Matkovic,
Rad jugoslav. akad. CXVI, 1893, 43.
7) ln. WHwMaHOBb, C6opH. 3a Hap. yMors. IV,
1891, 434 3a6. 1.
')Benedetto Ramberti, Libri tre delle cose dei
Turchi, Venetia 1539, crp. 7 en.: Sophia era citta anticamente chiamata cosi dalla Chiesa, che hora e fuori del
Bazar delta Santa Sophia, rna ridotta in Moschea de Turchi.
!I) JJI. CTp. 114 3a6. 4.
l<i) JJI. CTp. 115 3a6. J.
149
Cs. CocjH1 5l npt.3b XVI st. Kb
o6bpHaTa Bb .a,H<aMVI51 HaH-KbCHO sb HaYanoTo Ha

OTb
no-no.a,p06HVITi:; pa3Ka3VI
Ha
XVI s-EKb. Bb CJKW,HOCTb o6aYe, 1<a1<TO ce BVIH<.a,a
.a,pyrVI Cbspi:;MeHHVI
nJKTeWeCTBeHVIU,VI,
ropHVITi:;
csi:;.a,i:;HVI51
He
CJK
CbBC-EMb T04HVI .
Hai1-u,-EHHVI cJK Bb Tosa OTHoweHVIe Vl3s-ECTVI51Ta, KOVITO HaMVIpaMe y xonaH.a,CKVI51 nJKTeweCTseHVIIH5i
MOnSITb,
Bb
Bb Co<j:>VI51
Cs. Co 1151,
KOSITO
UapHrpa.a,b.
o6aye rnasHaTa
nJKTVI npHCTJKnsanH KbMb
pa3pywasaHeTo
onHTH,
T-E3VI .a,aHHH ce
OTYacTH
sp-EMe
YaCTb
BCHYKVI
611na
CTapVIHVI Bb
MHoro
xy6asa,
11 TYPU.VIT-E CJK ycTpoHnVI
(corpus) Ha
pa3Ka3saxa
u,bpi<BaTa
caMHT-E
TYPU.VI,
ocTasa
I<Onl<oTo
11, sc-EKH nJKTb VI3MV1pano no e.a,Ho c-EMei1cTso.
oCTaBHnH 5I .a,a
TOn4HHCKVI Kona H H-EKOnKO Ton a".
e.a,Ho
npVI sxo.a,a
n p a 3 H a; HCKanH MHoro nJKTH .a,a 5I pa3pywaTb, HO , 1<a1<TO HH
TOnK03b 6e3ycn-EwHH
VI pa3rne.a,axMe
CTOH , 3a .a,a ce pa3na.a,H@
caMa.
BJKTp-E Bb
Cn-E.a,b
He51 HMa
1
)
noTsbpH<.a,asaTb,
OTYaCTVI
.a,onbnH51Tb
11
OTb
.a,pyrH nJKTeweCTse-
HHLJ.H. TaKa, K.aTapHHa UeHb (1550ro.a,.)cbo6w,asa: , TaMb(sbCo<j:>H51)V1Mae.a,Ha u,bpKsa, pa3pyWPHa Bb no-ron-EMaTa
CH
YaCTb, HapeYeHa
Cs.
Co<j:>VI51, OTb K051TO rpa.a,bTb e .a,o6V~nb HMeTo
CH; H<HTenVITi:; Ka3BaTb, Ye Typu,HTi:; VICKanVI MHOrO nJKTVI .a,a 5I nonpaB51Tb, HO CT-EHHT-E He .O,bpH<anH,
Ta 5I OCTaB51Tb TaKa".~) L.Je U,bpKBaTa e cnyH<Hna Bb CJKW,OTO sp-EMe VI KaTO CKna.a,b 3a pa3HVI CTapVI
Op.lKH<HSI, e.a,HHb BVI)J,b KaTO My3ei1, Ce nOTBbpH<.a,asa H OTb nJK TeWeCTBeHHKa
KOHTO Bb cso51 .a,HeBHHKb, no.a,b .a,aTa 11 asrycTb 1553 ro.a,., 6-En-EH<VI:
X a H Cb ,ll e pH W BaM b,
, CocjJH51 H3rneH<.a,a .a,a e 611na
np-E.a,H sp-EMe ron-EMb rpa.a,b, na VI cera ow,e e .a,oCTa ron-EMa, 6e3b cT-EHVI 11 yKp-EnneHVI51, Cb nowVI
HHCKH cenaWKH KJKW,H ... He MOH<aXMe .a,a BYI)J,VIMb Hm: aKBH CTapHHH, KaKBHTO VI He CJKW,eCTBysaTb;
TaMb e HMano ron-EM a xpHCTVISIHCKa u,bpKsa, K051TO ce H3.0,VIra Ha.a,b u,-EnH51 rpa.a,b; cera e o p
Cl<na.O,b OTb BCeBb3MOH<HI-1
JK >1<
e Hb
nn514KH". :l)
f\ H T 0 H H n VIr a cjJ eTa (1567 ro.a,.) BVI.a,-Enb Cs. Co<j:>HSI CJKWO Bb nonoH<eHHeTo Ha e.a,Ha pa3pyweHa seYe crpa.a,a. ,T03H rpa.a,b CocjJH51 e Cbrpa.a,eHb OTb HMnepaTOpa YnnH51 Tpa51Ha VI OTb Hero
HapeYeHb YnnHaHa, a nocn-E Bb
u,bpKBaTa
Cs.
CocpH51 ,
xpHCTH51HCKO
3HaYHTenHa
YaCTb
sp-EMe e 6Hnb
OTb
np-EHMeHosaHb
K051TO ow,e ce
BVIH<na
Ha
CocpH51 cnope.a,b
Ha
M-ECTOTO CVI,
KaTo noKa3sa, ye e 611na ron-EMa 11 xy6asa nocTpoi1Ka. (rpa.a,bTb) e pa3nonoH<eHb Bb pasHHHa 6e3b
cn-E.a,H OTb Kpi:;nOCTHVI CT-EHH".
Hai1-nocn-E ocTasa .a,a cnoMeHeMb 11 cs-E.a,-EHHSITa , KOI1TO ce HaMV~paTb Bb aHOHHMH1151 n JKTOnVICb,

OTHOCSIW,b ce .a,o nocnaHVIYecTBOTO Ha ,UasH.a,a YHrHa.a,a Bb UapHrpa.a,b np-E3b 1572 ro.a,., ~.a,Ha roAHHa cn-E.a,b nJKTysaHeTo Ha Pai1Ma. ,To3H rpa.a,b (CocpH51) e o6HKHOBeHo
c-E.a,anHw,e Ha 6ernep6era,
He e yKp-EneHb, H-EMa CT-EHH, 6pOV1 OKOnO 7000 KJKW,VI ... Bb npi:;.a,rpa.a,l1eTO 11Ma OCTaTbli,H OTb CTapVI
3H.a,ose OTb pa3pyweHHSI rpa.a,b YnnHa
Cep.a,HKa,
1) P.v;Koni1Cb Tb Ha Pai1Ma (K. R y m), nonb Hancno sb

Reyse van Bruussele v11 t Brabant to Constantinopels in
Thracy en, hofstat van de n turcschen keysere, ce HaM11pa
Bb Bl1eHCI<aTa np11UBOpHa 6116n110Te1<a 11 , UOI<OJIIWTO M11
e 113et.cTHO, He e o6HaponeaHb 11 nocera. Ta311 'laCTb
OTb Hero, K05lTO ce OTH3C5l no 6anKaHCI<I15l nonyoCTpOBb
e cbo6uteHa Bb npt.eonb OTb Matkovi c, Rad j ugoslav.
akad. CXII, 1892, 162 en ., omt.TO (CTp. 182) JaeMaMe ropHI15l naca}!{b.
2) Qui li e una chiesa, ruinata Ia maggior parte,
intitulata Sa nta Sophia , per Ia qual Ia terra ha il nome ,
et dicono li habitanti, ch e li Turchi l 'han voluta fabrica r
piu volte, et che li muri non stano su, et cosi Ia la sciano. UHTaTa JaeMaMb OTb Matkov i c, Starine, izda je
jugoslav. akad. X, 1878, 210 en . Cp. 3a T0311 n.v;TeweCTeeHI11<b c.v;wH5l aeTOpb Bb Rad LXII, 1882, 87 en .
KOHTO e cbrpa.a,V~nb
u.apb TpaSIHb;
HMa 11
CTapa
::) rn. H . K i e pert, Hans Dernschwam 's o rientalische Reise 1553-1555 aus Handschriften im F\u szuge
mitgeteilt, Globus Lll, 1887, CTp. 202: Sophia scheint eine
grosse statt sein g ewesen vor zeiten , ist noch gross genug, ohne mau ren und bevestigung, von schlechten nideren baursheusern . . . Keine antiquiteten sehen kunden ,
deren auch kein e vorhanden; aida ist eine grosse Christenkirche gewesen, sieht uber die ganze stadt au s, ist
jetz ein zeughaus von allerl ei raub .
~) Questa citta di Sofia fu fabricata da Ulpiano
Traiano imperatore , et da lui nomata Ulpianurn, et pascia al tempo de Christiani fu detta Sofia dalla chiesa
di S. Sofia, un a buona parte della quale si vede anco ra
in p iedi, dimostrando , ess er stata una g rande et bella
fabrica. E pasta in pianura senza vesti gia alcuno di muraglia. UHTaTa JaeMaMb oTb Matkovic , Rad C, 1890, 176.
150
u,bpKsa
Cs. Co1-151,
CSOHT-t
K051TO
Typu,HT-t
nocT051HHO
pywaTb,
noHe<e OTb
He51
rpaA51Tb
U,bpKSI-1." 1)
Sb npOAbn<eHHe nOYTH Ha u,-tn!-151 XVI s-tKb
KaKTO ce SH<Aa OTb scw1KH T-t3H cs-tA-tHI-151,

Cs. Co1-151 e 61-1na nonypa3pyweHa crpaAa.
OnHTHT-t
Ha
Typu,HT-t Aa 5I nonpas51Tb,
no
eAHa 1-1n1-1
Apyra npHYHHa, Cli'\ OCTaHanH 6e3ycntWHJ.1. 3aTOSa T-t Cli'\ npHCnOC06HnH CaMO np-tAASepHeTO Aa Ce
MOn51Tb Sb Hero, a rnasHaTa YaCTb Ha U,bpKSaTa e cny<Hna KaTO OpJK<eHb CKnaAb, Sb KOiho Cli'\ ce
na3-tnH pa3HH soeHHH TpoeH, cneYeneHH OTb Typu,HT-t. Cb ApyrH AYMH nono<eHHeTo Ha Cs. Co1-151
np-t3b XVI s-tKb HanoMH51 TSbpA-t MHoro HeHHOTO cerawHo
nono<eHHe, Cb Ta3H caMo pa3nHKa, Ye
ManKa YaCrb OTb He51 e 61-1na npHcnoco6eHa Torasa 3a MoxaMeAaHcKa, a AHecb 3a xpHCTH51HCKa U,bpKOsHa cny<6a.
ETa 3aLUO repnaxb
Sb 1578 rOAHHa He 5I
cnOMeHasa
seYe Me<AY
xpHCTJ.151HCKHT-t
U,bpi<Sl-1 (rn. CTp. 148).

Bb caMOTO HaYano Ha XVI s-tKb ce naAa eAHO Cb6HTHe, KOeTo H3rne<Aa Aa ce HaMHpa Sb
cspb3Ka Cb TOrasawHOTO CbCT051HHe Ha u,bpKsaTa. Ha 11 espyapH 15-15 roA., Sb sp-tMeTO Ha coHfici<H51 MHTpononHTb naHKpaTH, npH Cs. Co1-151 6Hnb J.13ropeHb, en-tAb ron-tMH Mli'\1<1-1, cs. reoprH
HasH H en-tAb TOSa norpe6aHb Sb MHTpononHTCI<aTa U,bp!<sa Cs. MapHHa. ~)
3a H3rap51He Ha cseTeu,a ce o651CH51Sa
MHoro A06p-t KaTo
vb6opbTb Ha M-tcTOTO
ce HMa np-tAb SHAb, Ye Cs.
Co1-151 no
Tosa sp-tMe Tp-t6sa Aa ce e HaMHpana sb Kpa51 Ha rpaAa, ye e 61-1na nonypa3pyweHa 1-1 noYTH 1-13oCTaseHa. EAHO TaKosa M-tcTo, np-tAb SHYWHTenHI-151 naMeTHHI<b, KOHTO e CSHA-tTenCTsysanb 3a naAaHeTo Ha XpHCTJ.151HCI<0-6bJ1fapcKOTO snaAHYeCTSO, e 61-1n0 KaTO HapOYHO Cb3AaAeHO 3a
KnaAaTa Ha
eAHHb XpHCTH51HCI<H Mli'\ YeHHKb.

Pa3pyweHHeTo Ha u,bpKsaTa, KaeTo, J<ai<TO SHAtXMe, e 61-1no seYe AOCTa Hanp-tAHano np-t3b
XVI s-tKb, Tp-t6sa Aa ce e 3anoYHano OLL\e sb np-tAHAeli.\eTo cTon-tTHe, s-tpo51THO Cb naAaHero Ha

Cocjm51 n0Ab Typu,HT-t. Cs. Co1-151, J<aTo Haf-1-ron-tMaTa 1-1 6oraTa u,bpKRa, He e Morna Aa He noCTpaAa
np1-1 np-ts3eMaHeTo Ha rpaAa, J<OeTo, cnopeAb TorasawHHT-t o61-1Ya1-1, e 61-1no csbp3aHo 1-1 Cb rpa6e<b. VI aKa Typu,HT-t C;K ce noJ<a3anH AOCTaTbYHO TonepaHTHH cnp-tMo xpHCTH51HHT-t, KaTo HMb CJK
ocTasHnH Ha pa3nono<eHHe AeCeTHHa u,bpi<SI-1, T-t see naKb LL\e Aa CJK HMb Aan1-1 Aa noyyscTsysaTb
rOpYHSHHaTa Ha po6CTSOTO 1-1 Te<KaTa plKI<a Ha 3a80eSaTenHT-t Yp-t3b OTHeMaHeTO Ha r!laSHaTa 1-1Mb
u,bpKsa. Ha sc-t1<1-1 cnyYaf-1 H-tMaMe a6co!IIOTHO HHI<ai<SH ocHOBi'lHI-151 Aa np-tAnonaraMe, Ye Cs. Co1-151
e ocTaHana Sb 6bnrapCKH pJKu,-t 1-1 en-tAb
naAaHeTo Ha rpaAa. TpyAHO e o6aYe Aa
nonO<HTen<.JO 3a eAHHb nepHOAb, 3a I<OHTO Hl-1 nHnCSaTb
3acera 1-1
ce Ka<e H-tli.\O
HaH-He3HaYHTenHHT-t H3S-tCTH51.
Ta3H pe3ynTaTb 3a CbCT051HHeTO Ha u,bpKsaTa np-t3b XV 1-1 XVI s-tJ<b H3rne<Aa

norneAb Aa
ce HaMHpa
K051TO rnac1-1: Gif cfN
sb
npoTHsop-tYHe
Cb
npHnHcKaTa
Ha
eAHO
esaHrenHe
OTb
Ha npbBb
1563 roA.
H &~TKH~f f.,lif gnHdcf K'k ,\\i.cT-k Kp,(T~&.- "" g,in.-wk,\H r'!'i" tl\,\'1'>\f~ """'~,ip'i<~
KfM1K,\r~, cf'i1 A Kf.UiKklf ~~fKKH G~<j;-iH G,1i .\IK\;cn~ , K"h ,\iiHH &:\1'~'11-.CTHK,Ir"
H'f,,,,~&H&,\r~ I'~CII'.\IP,I KH6S,I

3
AH\\thp'i<~.. .... K'k ''"';,; , 3~.1 (7071 = 1562l '"'' \" CHIT"mpi,1. ) T-t3H AYMH CJK H3TbnKysaHH Sb CMHCbnb,
ye sbnpOCHH51Tb MaTe51 61-1nb ,naM6aAapb Ha capAHI<HikKaTa u,bpKsa Cs. Co1-151" .4) f\1<0 Tosa TbnKysaHe 61-1 61-1no s-tpHo, TO 61-1 Tp-t6sano Aa npVIeMeMb, ye Cs. Co1-151 Bb 1563 roA. ce e HaMHpana
OLL\e Sb 6bnrapcKH pJKu,-t KaTo u,bpKsa. Bb CJKLL\HOCTb o6aYe Sb npHnHcKaTa CbSC-tMb He ce rosop1-1
3a
u,bpKsaTa
,Cs. Co1-151". Vl3pa3bTb
,Co1-151
CapAHI<HHCKa"
He 03HaYasa
HHLL\O Apyro ocs-tHb
, rpaAb Co1-151", KaKTO To sa ce cp-tLUa 3a no-ron-tMa 51CHOCTb 1-1 Bb ApyrH cnyYaH OTb n p-txOAHaTa
enoxa, KoraTo CTapoTo HMe CapAHI<a 1-1n1-1 Cp-tAeLJ,b He e H3n-t3no OLL\e OTb ynoTp-t6eHHe,
1) Beschreibung einer Legation
und Reis e von
Wien aus Ostereich auff Constantinope1 , durch den wohlgeborenen Herrn, Herrn David Ungnaden, Freyherrn
zu Sonneck und Pfandsherrn auff Bleyburgk ... anno
72 verrichtet, Gustrow 1582. UHrara 3aeMaMb Orb np-tsona
Ha Matkovic, Rad CXII, 1892, 218 .
~)E. CnpocrpaHOBb, C6opHHKb 3a Hap. yMors.

XXII -- XXIII, 19:6 7, 9.
a HOBOTO
:;) 1::.. CnpocrpaHOBb, OnHCb Ha p;v;KonHCHT-t

Bb 6H6nHoTeKara npH Cs. CHHOJib, CocpHS! 1900, crp. 55.
BbnpocHara npnnH cJ<a e 6Hna np-tnHcaHa, Cb MHoro
npyrH crapH 6-tn-t>KJ<H orb T03H ponb, H Bb resrep5! Ha
nonb VlnHSl H CHHa MY Tonopa , Bb J<oiho snHCBaHHJ-t
6-tn-t>KJ<H ilOCTHraTb JIO 1863 ron . rn. Xp. n. Ko HCTciHT H H 0 Bb, nep. CnHC. X, 1884, 95.
l) npoTHYb, Cs. CocpHSl, crp. 4.
151
06pbwaHeTo Ha Cs. CocpH51 Bb Jl)!{aMH51

.. -
---- ---
~--
Cucpl-151 owe He e A061-1no I-131<Jli041-1TenHo rocnOACTBo. 1) Cn-EAOBaTenHo 1-1 AYMI-1T-t ,cBeTaTa 1-1 BeJJV!Ka
U.bp!<Ba Cocp1151 CapA1-11<11HCI<a" CJK ynoTp-E6eHI-1
1-1
npocTo Bb CMV!CbJlb Ha , Cocp1-1i1C1<a M11Tpononl-151" (rn.
148), TbH ye noMeHaTaTa np1-1n1-1C1<a H-EMa HV!W.O o6wo Cb HawaTa ubp!<Ba.
no-rop-E cTp.
Cs. Cocpl-151 e 61-1na o6bpHaTa
OI<OH4aTenHo Bb A<aMI-151 eABa l<bMb Kpa51 Ha XVI s-EKb. Ma-
Kapb 11 Aa He ce 3Hae T04HO, !<Ora e cTaHano TOBa H-Ew,o, see nal<b np1-16Jli-131-1TenHaTa AaTa MO<e
Aa ce ycTaHOBI-1 Cb noMOW,bTa Ha I-13B-ECTI-151Ta,
I<OVITO Hl-1
AaBaTb nJKTewecTBeHI-1U.1-1T-E. Hai1-Ba<HO e
Bb TOBa OTHoweHV!e KpamoTo I-13B-ECTI-1e Ha Es111151 4ene61-1,
I<OHTO
noc-ET1-1Jlb
Cocp1151 np-E3b
1652
roA. ,,1J,<aMI-151Ta Ec1<1-1 CI-151YWb nawa e Ha C1011ei1MaHOBI-15I Be31-1pb. Bb CTapo sp-EMe T51 61-1na <.Jep!<Ba.
no!<p1-1Ta e Cb OJlOBO, V!Ma eAHO MV!Hape 1-1 ce HaMV!pa Ha eAHa Bb3BI-1WeHOCTb". ~) 4e Hai-1CTI-1Ha T031-1
naca<b ce OTHaC51 AO Cs. Cocp1151, ce BI1<Aa He caMo
OTb TOBa,
<.Je T51 e eAHHCTBeHaTa UbpKBa Bb
Cocpl-151, I<051TO ce HaMV!pa Ha eAHa Bb3BI-1WeHOCTb, HO rnaBHO OTb o6c~051Te11CTBOTO, 4e Cs. Cocp1-151 e
61-1na no3HaTa Ha cTapV!T-E cocp1-151HUI-1 nOAb V!MeTo CI-151YLIJb-A<aMI-151 AO HaH-HOBO sp-EMe 1-1 4e u-E111-151Tb
OI<OJleHb I<BapTaJlb np-EAI-1 OCB060<AeHI-1eTO e HOC-E11b CJKWOTO V!Me. no Tal<bBb Ha'-li1Hb OTb AYM11T-E
Ha Esnl-151 4ene61-1 113111-13a, ye Cs. Cocpl-151 e 61-111a
CI-151YWb nawa, se31-1pb Ha cymaHb C10nei1MaHa
np-EnpaBeHa
II BenV!Kon-EnHI-1 (1520 1-- 1566).
0Tb Typc!<V!T-E 11-ETonHCI-1 c;r;. no3HaTI-1 Tp1-1Ma

CI-1515YWb nawa.
KaTO TypcKa A<aMI-151 OTb H-EKoi1 Cl-1
se31-1p1-1,
KOHTO CJK HOCV!Jll-1 HMeTo CI-151YWb 1-1111-1
!l) Hai1-cTap1-151Tb OTb T-Exb, no npo1-13XO<AeHI-1e XbpBaTV!Hb, e 61-1nb Bb 1567/8 roA.
610101<b-M1-1paxopb (eA11Hb BI1Ab
rnaBeHb
wanMai1cTepb) Ha cynTaHb Cen11Ma II. Cn-EAb TOBa
CTaBa
BaJll-151 Ha e51neTa PyMe111-1, I<OHTO e o6eMaJlb 6!-1T01151, Oxp1-1Ab, W!<OApa 1-1 Kecp11e. np-E3b u.apyBaHeTO
Ill (1574-1596 roA.) TOH cTasanb TPI-1 nJKTH sen1-11<b Be31-1pn, a HMeHHO Bb 1582,
1586 11 1592 rOA . noMV!HaJlb ce e Bb 1601 /2 rOA. (1 010 no TYPCI<OTO 11-ETo6poeH1-1e). 3a HerosaTa
Ha cymaHb MypaAa
CTpOV!TenHa A-EHHOCTb e I-13B-ECTHO, 4e Bb
L.lap1-1rpaAb nOCTp01-1Jlb eAHO ron-EMO MeApece Ha I-1MeTO
Ha <eHa Cl-1 aTI-1Me-cy11TaHb, a TaKa c;r;.w,o 1-1 H-ti<011l<O 6oroyroAHI-1 3aBeAeHI-151 Bb pa3HI-1 Apyrl-1 rpaAOBe. ,IJ,pyrb eAHHb CI-151YWb nawa, pOAOMb OTb f\sxa31-151, e 3aeManb pa3HI-1 BVICOI<I-1 Ailb<HOCTI-1 np-E3b
u.apysaHeTO Ha cymaHb MexMeAa XaHb IV
Ha e51JleTa CI-1Il1-1CTpa,
Bb
(1648-1687 rOA.). np-E3b 1645 fOA. TOH e 6!-1Jlb Ba111-151
1650 51 roA. CTaBa 3a npbBb nJKTb sen1-11<b Be31-1pb, HO HacKopo 61-1sa csa-
neHb 1-1 3aT04eHb. C11-EAb KaTo e 61-1nb onpocTeHb, CTaBa
sa111-151
Ha
pa3HI1 e51JJeTI-1
Bb esponei1c1<a
TypLI,I-151 11 6ernep6erb Bb CI-1Il11CTpa
(1656/7 rOA-)- nocn-E ce Bpbwa Bb L.lap1-1rpaAb 1-1 CTaBa 3a BTOpl-1
nJKTb
Mi:.ceub 1-1 nonOBV!Ha
BenHI<b
se31-1pb, HO
cn-EAb
YMV!pa.
Hai1-noc11-E
I-13B-EcTeHb e 1-1 TpeTI-1
C1-151ywb nawa, saJll-151 Ha e51neT1-1T-E 6ocHa 1-1 ,1J,1-1ap6e1<1-1pb, KOHTO e 3aeMa11b noCTa senHI<b Be31-1pb
3a
100 AHI-1 CJKWO Bb sp-EMeTo Ha cy11TaHb MexMeAa XaHb IV 1-1 e 61-111b y61-1Tb HacKopo OTb 6yi1-
cTBysaw,aTa soi1c1<a Bb UapV!rpaAb, I<051TO pa30p1-111a 1-1 I<OHaKa My.

HHTO eAHHb OTb T-E31-1 naw1-1 He e <HB-Enb
1<a1<TO 61-1 Tp-E6sano Aa
Bb
T0311 nJKTeWeCTBeH11l<b, 41-11-1TO 11CTOp1-14eCI<I-1 CB-EA-EHI-151

c6bp1<a11b
HMeTo
Ha
sp-EMeTo Ha C1011ei1MaHa
ce O'-la!<Ba cnopeAb AYM11T-E Ha
cynTaHa,
KaTo
np1-1n1-1canb
II Be111-11<011-EnHI-1,
EBJJI-151 4ene6!-1. 51sHo e cn-EAoBaTeJJHO,
He ce OTJli-1'-JaBaTb Cb r011-EMa T04HOCTb,

Ha
CIOnei1MaHOBaTa
enoxa
KOHTO Mo<e Aa e 3aeManb T031-1 nocTb Hai1-paHo Bb u.apysaHeTo Ha MypaAa
eAV!Hb
4e
4
Be31-1pb,
Ill (1574-1596 roA.).
Koi1 o6a<.Je OTb TpV!MaTa se31-1p1-1, I<OVITO CJK HOCI-1Jll1 V!MeTo CI-151YWb nawa, Tp-E6sa Aa ce C41-1Ta,
3a Bb306HOBI-1Tenb Ha Cs
Cocp1151 KaTo A<aMI-151, ce B11<Aa OTb ApyrHT-E I-13B-ECTI-151 3a U.bp!<BaTa OTb
XVII s-EKb.
OTb
cpOHb
Hai1-cTapoTo
n31-1
I-13B-ECTI-151, KOeTo ce Ab11<1-1
Kpai111cxai1Mb (cn1-1panb ce Bb Cocp!-151 Ha
Ha
nJKTewecTBeHV!Ka
Be He pH b
16-18 IOJll-1 1616 roA.), H-EMa Bb c11y<.Ja51 ro-
n-EMo 3Ha4eHI-1e, TbH KaTo Bb Hero 3a Cs. Cocpl-151 ce Ka3Ba caMo, <.Je 61-111a o6bpHaTa OTb TYPU.1-1T-E
1) rn. VfpeYeKb , nlii.TyBaHI-151, CTp. 14 3a6. 29.
np-tsona Ha .n. ran )I{ a H 0 Bb, nep.
~) Cnopenb
cn11c. LXX, 1909, 699.

3) Cn-tnHm-t cs-tn-tHH51, YepnaHH rnaBHO OTb TypCKH51 pt,y HHKb Ha CaM 11- 6 e H, KaMyCb-fOJJaJ151Mb (Cb
cppeHCKo 3arnasHe Dictionnaire universe! d'histoire et de
geographie, Constantinople 1889) IV 2717 en., llbJl)J{a Ha

r-Ha llpb VfB. .fiHMHTpOBb, OpHeHTallHCTb H rnaBeHb
6H6JJHOTeKapb Ha HaponHaTa 6H6JJHOTeKa Bo CocpH51,
KOMyTO 113Ka3B3Mb M051T3 6naronapHOCTb 33 ycnyraTa.
~) Cnopenb cbo6weHHe Ha r-Ha n-pb l-is . .ilHMHlpOBb.
152
VlcTOp11S! Ha ubpKBaTa Cs. CocpHS!
Bb A<aMHS1.
1
)
06aYe seYe n?KreweCTBeHHKbTb ,IJ,e Xe Ae K.ypMeHHHb (1621
rpaAa CocjmSI, t<a3Ba:
,rnasHara A<aMHSI,
roA.), KaTO onHc.Ba
KOSITO e MHOro xy6asa, e cny<Hna no-paHo Ha xpHCTHSI-
HHr-t 3a U,bpt<Ba nOAb HMeTO Ha CB. Co1-151, T. e.
Ha 6o>t<eCTBeHaTa
Mi'KApOCTb, H H-tt<OH
si:;pBaTb,
ye ra3H u,bpt<Ba e Aana HMero Co1-151 Ha rpaAa, KO~ho no-paHo ce HapHYanb CapAHt<a".~) Orb r-t3H
AYMH ce BH>t<Aa, Ye Cs. Co1-151 Bb 1621
roA. e 611na seye
rna B H a A< aM 1-1 51,
Morna Aa 6?KAe HapeYeHa, at<o no-rontMara ~ YaCTb e cny<Hna

BarenHo no rosa sp-tMe TSI rp-t6sa seYe Aa e 611na
Kat<saro TSI He 61-1
ow,e 3a op?K>t<eHb ct<naAb. Cni:;Ao-
Bb306HoBeHa 1-1 nonpaseHa OKOHYarenHo. Tosa
Htw,O Ce nOTBbp>t<,a,aBa H OTb 1-138-tCTHS!Ta Ha KaTOflHYeCKI-151 enHCKOnb 50 r A a H b
5 a X W H 4 b, no-
ci:;THnb Co1-151 Ha 20 Mai11640 rOA., KOHTO Bb CBOSI panopTb AO t<oHrperau,HS!Ta 3a pa3npocrpaHeHHe

Ha t<aronHYect<ara s-tpa n11we: ,fon-tMara U,bpt<sa, KOSITO e 611na
t<are,a,pana, e 611na nocsereHa Bb
YeCTb Ha CB. Co1-151 H cera e ,[J,>t<aMHSI; TSI e roni:;Ma, AOCTa BHCOI<a, Ta Ce BH>t<,[J,a naneYb Ha nonOBHHa
,a,eHb n?KTb 1-1 noseYe; craHana e MHoro xy6asa 1-1 cera
H3rne~,a,a, t<aro Aa e HanpaseHa HaHoso". 11)
K.at<TO ce BH>t<Aa OTb rE3H cs-t,a,-tHHSI, Cs. Co1-151
Bb
HaYanoro
Bb 1621 ro,[J,., e 611na seYe nonpaseHa t<aro ,a,>t<aMHSI. Cn-t,a,osarenHo

ce npHllHWe Ha XbpBaTHHa (HS!YWb nawa,
Ha XVII
Hei1Hara
s-tt<b, HaH-KbCHO
nonpast<a rp-t6sa Aa
I<OHTO e 6Hnb BenHIt<aBanH ,a,a pywarb u,bpt<sara (rn. crp.
149),
a nbtt<aMHSI rp-t6sa Aa
ce e H3BbpwHno np-t3b
nocn-tAHHT-t AB-t AeCSITHn-tTHSI Ha
XVI s-tt<b.
(b rosa ce onp-t,a,i:;nSI 1-1 ,a,arara Ha rpeTHSI CTpoHreneHb nepHOAb Ha U,bpt<Bara (rn . crp. 22).
H11e BH,a,-txMe, Ye nonpaBKHT-t, KOHTO npHHaAne>t<aTb Ha T03H nepHOAb, ce ornHYaBaTb Cb conH,a,eHb
rpaAe>t<b, xy6aBH opMH H rpH>t<flHBO H3llbnHeHHe. 8b CbrnacHe Cb TOBa Hi:;w,o Ci'K H CBi:;Ai:;HHS!Ta
Ha nrKTeWeCTBeHHL.I,HTi:; (K.ypMeHHHb H 5at<WH4b), cnopeAb I<OHTO ,[J,>t<aMHS!T.J CTaHana MHOrO xy6asa.
nonpaBKHTi:; Ci'K 3aci:;ranH rnaBHO ci:;sepHaTa CT-tHa, I<OSITO rpi:;6sa ,a,a e 61-1na HaH-M HO rO pa3pyWeHa
( crp. 19).
Pa3t<bpTeHI-n-t
YaCTY1 Ha cr-tHMT-t Ci'K
611n11 o6nHU,OBaHH Cb BHHMarenHa
3H,a,apHS!
(rn.
CTp. 12 Cn.), TbH Ye HaHCTHHa Ci'K MOrnH ,[J,a H3rne>t<,a,aTb , KaTO HOBH". n p030pu,Hrn Ha aca,a,ara Ci'K
6HnH Ci'KUJ,O nonpaBeHH,
no
rypct<Yl
MaHepb
t<aMeHeHb 6op,a,!Opb,
KaTO Ci'K 6HnH yManeHY1 H CHa6,a,eHY1 Cb xy6aBH KaMeHHH apt<H , 3aOCTpeHH
(crp. 21).
Ha IO>t<HaTa cr-tHa e
611na orsopeHa
KOSITO e 3ana3eHa 1-1 ,a,ocera ( crp. 20).
Bb
sparara
Cb
npoHnyBaHHSI
rosa sp-tMe rpt6sa ,a,a e 611no
HanpaBeHO H e,[J,HHCTBeHOTO MYlHape, KaKTO H Ofl0BHI-1S!Tb not<pHBb Ha u,i:;naTa ,[J,>t<aMI-151 (rn. CTp. 151).
Orb H-tt<oH HeH3Aa,a,eHH rypct<H AOt<yMeHTH Y3HaBaMe, ye np-t3b n-troro 1613 rOA. t<ynonbTb
Ha CB. Co1-151 6Hnb nospi:;AeHb OTb
rpbMb. 4 ) nonpaBKaTa,
e,a,sa np-t3b 1615 ro,a,.,
u-tnb 611n11 noxapYeHH 50000 at<Yera (ot<ono 416 rpowa) -
t<aro 3a Ta3H
Cb rpe,a,Yl Yl ryxnH,
6Hna Yl3BbpWeHa
cyMa, KOSITO 3a rorasawHHT-t ycnoBHSI e 611na TBbp,a,i:; 3HaYHTenHa. nosp-tAaTa e 3ac-trana s-tpoS!THO
YeTBbpTHTaTa
orpa,a,a Ha
t<ynona, I<OSITO,
Kai<TO BH,[J,i:;XMe (CTp. 15), HOCH rypCKH xapat<Tepb. 8b3-
MO>t<HO e ra3H orpa,a,a Aa e 61-1na nocrpoeHa Bbo6w,e rorasa Yl3u,-tno, 3a Aa ce 3a3,a,paBH KOHcrpyt<U,HS!Ta Ha t<ynona.
1 ) f\dam Wennern v on
Cr ai lssheim, Ein
gantz new Reysebuch von Prag au ss bi ss gen Constantinopel, Ni.irn berg 1622, cTp. 33: Sophi a, von Ti.ircken auch unnd
wegen eines daselbst gehabten Tempels (welcher von
ihnen inn ein Meschitt verendert) also genandt, ist vor
zeiten die Hauptstadt in Bulgaria gewesen .. hat alld a
schone K irchen, lmaret, Caravan-Sarajen, ein Wesenstein
unnd warm Bad .
~) Voyage de Levant fait par le commendement
du Roy en l'annee 1621 par le S(ieur
D(es Ha yes) de
C(ourmenin), UHT11paHo cno peab J o s. T oM 11 h, CnoMe HHK
cpncKe aKaa. XXXVII, 1900,76: La Mosqu ee principale qui
est Ires-belle servoit autrefois d ' Eglise aux Chrestien s
sous le nom de saincte Sophie, c'est-a-dire de Ia Sapience divine et quelques uns croyent que cette Eglise
ayt donne le nom de Sophie a Ia ville, qui auparavant
s'appelloit Sardique .
1
: ) Fleta Bulgariae eccles ., cTp 73 : La chiesa grande,
she fu il Domo, era dedicata all'honor di Santa Sofia,
et ad esso e M oschea, e grande as sai alta, che si vede
Ionia no mezzo giorno e piu ; e stata molto bella , et
adesso par, che sia fatta di novo.
1) fl. VI w 11 p 1< o s b, rpaab Co cpHS! npE3b XVII BEI<b
(MaTep11an11 3a 11CTOpHS! Ta Ha CocpHS! , 113D.. cocp. flp xeon.
upy)\{ ), CocpHS! 1912, CTp. 17.
153
Cs. CocjH1SI npi;3b XVII si;Kb
OcraHamnt cst..o.-BHVI51 3a Cs. Cocjm51, KOVITO HaMVIpaMe
nJKTewecrseHVILJ,VIT-B OTb XVII stKb,
HtMaTb ront.MO 3Ha4eHVIe 3a VICTOpV151Ta Ha LJ,bp!<BaTa . npVI BCe TOBa H Tt, 3acny>H.aBaTb BHVIMaHVIe,
noHe>H.e CBVI.D.t.rencrsys::~Tb 3a .D,bn6oKoro sne4arneHVIe,
Koero Ta3VI crpa.o.a e npOV13Be>H..o.ana Bbpxy
noc-BTVITenVIrt Ha Cocjm51. Ha nbpBo Mtcro rpt6sa .o.a cnoMeHeMb panopra Ha apxVIenHCKona 6 or-
1653 ro.o.. Karo rosopVI 3a rpa.o.::~ Cocjm>I VI 3a npoMt.Hara Ha VIMero 11 cnope.o.b

U.bpt<aara Cs. Cocjm51 (rn. crp. 118), 6at<WV14b Ka3Ba: ,To3VI xpaMb VI .o.o .D.HeweHb .o.eHb e 3ana-
.o.aHb 6aKWVI4b oTb
3VIJlb CB051 [3;-J.D,b, nocrpoeHb Bb cpop:vra Ha t<pbCTb, Kai<TO LJ,bp!<BaTa Cs. nerbpb Bb PVIMb, VI cny>H.VI
3a .D.>H.aMVI51 H<l rypu.vtr-5. Pa3:-~ono>H.eHb e T03VI xpaMb Ha cs. CocpV151 Ha e.o.Ho BVICOKO Mt.cro, TbH 4e,
Karo ce npEMVIHe nnaHVIHara XeMb, 1) Ha npbBb norne.o.b ce BVI>H.Aa Ka3aHara U.bpt<Ba, Mat<apb 4e
w,e .D,a VIMa .D,OTaMb
01<0110
sapsapVITt. 6bnrapV1,
20
MaKapb
MVIJlVI; TbH KaTO
noneTO e OT!<pVITO,
VI 6e3b st.pa .o.ocera,
nopa.D,VI BeJlVII<OJlt.nHVI51 V13r1le.D,b
He CJK 51 Cb60PV111.VI,
npVI BCVI4l<O 4e CJK pa3py-
WVIJlVI crt.HVIn H 1 rpa.o.a, TbH 4e cera se4e He ce BVI>H.AaTb, caMo ce 3a6tnt3BaTb Ha HtKoVI Mtcra
CJlt.D,VI OTb 3VI.D,OBeTt". ~) npt.D.VI BCVI41<0 npaBVI
Bne4aTJleHVIe Bb T03VI panopTb, 4e 6aKWV14b npbBb
e 06bpHaJlb BHVIMaHVIe Ha !<pbCTOBVI.D,HaTa cpopMa Ha LJ,bp!<BaTa, KaTO 5I CpaBH51Ba Bb TOBa OTHOWeHVIe

Cb Cs. ilerbpb Bb PVIMb. VIHrepeCHVI
Cs. CocpV151 scpt..D.b paBHOTO VI
CJK TaKa
ort<pVITO
CJKW,O H 6tnt>H.KV1Tt
none,
.u.pym rontMVI nocrpoi1KVI, Mat<apb rosa
Koraro
3a
U.bpt<sara He e
o6cro51rencrso .o.a
Ht.Ma
senVIKontnHVI51
6VIna
ow,e
HVIWO o6wo
Cb
Vl3rne.o.b Ha
3at<pV1BaHa
OTb
3ana3BaHeTo Ha
U.bpt<sara, I<051TO ,sapsapV~rt. 6bnrapH" VI 6e3b rosa He 6VIxa pa3pywVIJlVI .

VlranVI51HeLJ,bTb
,LJ, >H. VI o BaH VI K VI a p oM a H 1, Bb e.n.Ho csoe nVICMO, ornpaseHo Ha 4
10nV1
1659
ro.o.. OTb CocpV151 .o.o npV151Ten51 MY Kan.o.aHa, CJKW.O rosopVI 3a LJ,bpt<sara. , B4epa npVICTVIrHaxMe TYI~Ta, VIMeHyBaHa Cs. CocpV151, K051TO .D.Hecb e o6bpHara
e 3ana3VIJlb e.D,VIHb TaeHb napa!<JlVICb Cb MHOrO MOW,VI Ha
cpt.o.crsa, 3a .o.a npOHVIKHaTb Bb Hero,
HO cJK 6VInVI
Bb rypcKa .o.>H.aMVI>I.
CBeTVIVI; rypU,VITt.
or6nbcBaHVI
Bee naKb ce
Ci'K ynorpl;6;-J.lVI
BCV14l<VI
OTb HeVI3BtcrHa pJKKa, n nbKb Ha
Xp11CTV151HVITt He Ce n03BOJl51Ba .D,a OnVITaTb .D,a BJlt3aTb, no 1<051TO npV14VIHa nOCT051HHO Ce A bp>H.VI Ha
rosa
Mtcro
crpa>H.a,
K051TO
ystp51Ba,
Ye
4ecro
yysana
MY3VIKaJlHH
rnacose
VI
3BYKOBe
OTb
VIHCrpyMeHTVI". ;;) BVIAVI ce, 4e Mbnsara 3a e.D,VIHb raKbBb ct<pVIweHb napaKnVICb e 6VIna TBbp.D.t pa3npocrpaHeHa no rosa sptMe B b CocpV151,
BeHVIKa nay Jl b T a cp e pH e p b
noHe>H.e T51 ce npt..u.asa
Bb .o.pyrb BVI.D.b H OTb nJKrewecr-
(1665 ro.u..). Karo OnVICBa rpa.o.a CocpV151, TOH Ka3Ba: ,XpaMbTb, I<OHTO
e,[I,HO BptMe 6naro4eCTVIBVITt XpVICTVI51HVI
nOCTpOVIJlVI Bb cpopMa Ha !<pbCTb, cny>H.VI cera Ha
HeBtpHVI-
LJ,VITt (rypu.V~rt) 3a .D.>H.aMVI>~. Bb e.n.Ha TbMHa CTa51 o6a4e ce HaMVIpa YYAOTBOpHa VIKOHa Ha cs. 6oroPOAVILJ,a. H a rosa Mtcro cny>H.VI e.D,VIHb Kanyrepb cppaHLJ,VICKaHeLJ,b, KOHTO 3aMtcrsa csew,eHVIKa".
cppeHCI<OTO VI3,[I,aHVIe Ha T03VI ni'KTOnVICb Ce Ka3Ba OW,e,
Ha TOBa MtCTO U,bpi<OBHaTa CJly>H.6a.
Cs. Coqmo.
Bb
llO>H.eJlaJlb .D,a Ce OTCJlY>H.VI
;>)
1
) 6aKwwtb e nowenb Bb CocjmSI OTKbMb LJHnp:>seub !1 e MHHanb cni;aosarenHo 6a~KaHa (XeMb) npi;3b
nerpoxaHCKHSI npOXOJlb.
2 ) f\cta Bulgariae ecclesiast. crp. 228: Qual tempio
sino a questi nostri giorni sta nel suo essere, fatto nella
forma di croce, come Ia chiesa di s. Pietro in Roma, et
serve per moschea alii Turchi . Sta posto questa tempio
di s. Soffia sopra un luogo eminente, che. quando si
passa mont' Hemo, nella prima vista si vede detta ch iesa ,
che saranno circa 20 miglia; essendo campagna aperta ,
per Ia cui magnificenza li barbari Bulgari, benche senza
fede all'hora, non Ia distrussero, havendo roinato tutte
le mura della citta, che adesso non si vede altro, sola
mente appariscono li vestigij delle muraglie in cert i
luoghi.
3) M.
pH H 0 B b, Cb4HHeHHSI I 642 en. (Csi;TnHHa
IV, 1894, 27): Jarri arrivammo qui in Sophia ... La citta
fu cosi anticamente chiamata dalla chiesa che ha fuori
Ye nOCJlaHVII<bTb
del Bazar detta Santa Soph ia, che oggi e ridotta in moschea de Turchi, conservandosi pen) una segreta Capella
con molte reliquie di Santi, e li Turchi anno fatto ogni
sforzo per entrarci. rna da mano ignota sono stati respinti, e alii Christiani non si permesse di tentarne l'ingresso, perche continuamente ci tengono una guardia, Ia
quale asserisce d'aver piu volte udito voci di musica e
suono di varii instrumenti.
1) Paulus Tafferner, Caesarea legatio etc. (rn .
no-ropi; crp . 145, 3a6. 2) crp . 42: Tern plum ol i m a
Christiana pietate in modum crucis exstructum nunc pro
infami 1'v\oschea deservit. In sacello obscure, devotissimo
tam en a Divae virgin is icone illic sita, divina peracta :
Huic Patrum Franciscanorum unus praeest curionis in
vicem.
'') Ricaut. Histoire de l'etat present de !'empire
Ottoman, Cologne 1676, II 133: II y a un Temple, fait en
forme de croix, change en une Mosquee, qui conserve
20
154
T~3~ ~3B~CT~~ no H~KaKbBb Ha4~Hb He MoraTb Aa ce np~BeAaTb Bb cbrnac~e Cb c~rypH~~
cpaKTb, ye Cs. Cocp~~ e 6~na no TOBa sp~Me rnaBHaTa
TypcKa
A)t{aMY1~ Bb Cocp~~ . .LJ,a ce AOnycHe,
Ye Bb Ta3~ A)t{aMY1~ e ~Mano ~ xp~CTY1~HCKY1 napaKnY1Cb, Bb Ko~ho ow,e ce e cny)t{~no, e a6comoTHO

HeBb3MO)t{HO. B~AY1 ce, Ye
np~AaHYJeTo
61-1no npY14Y1HaTa, w,oTo TacpepHepb Aa
3a H~KaKbBb
CM~CY1
CKpY1weHb
Ta3~ Ll,bpKBa
napaKnY1Cb
Bb Cs. Cocp~-1~
w,e e
H~Ko~. Bb KO~To e cny)t{~nb
Cb Apyra
cppaHLI,Y1CKaHCKY1~Tb MOHaxb. KonKOTO ce OTHac~ AO caMoTo np~AaH~e. TO ce o6~cH~Ba necHo
4p~3b
C?Kw,eCTsysa w,~T~ Bb
H~KO~
caMaTa Cs.
CocpY1~
OKOnHOCTbTa ~ .. nOA3eM~~" -
rpo6H~LI,~,
CTapY1
OTb KO~TO Ci'K 6~nY1 n03HaT~ B~pO~THO ~ Ha TOraBaWHOTO HaCeneH~e, 6e3b Aa Ce e 3Ha~no Ci'KW,Y1HCKOTO ~Mb np~AHa3Ha4eH~e. Tosa H~W,O MO)t{e Aa Ce TBbpA~ nOHe 3a nOA3eM~eTO Bb np~AABep~eTO
Ha Cs. Cocp~~.
CTp.
35).
Bb KOeTo, KaKTO BY1A~XMe, ctK HaM~peHY1 npY1
Bnpo4eMb Y13rne)t{Ila,
Ye B~pBaHeTO
K~apoMaH~ Bb Cs. Cocp~~. e 61-1no
Ha
Bb
pa3KOnK~T~ Y1 TypcK~
noAo6HY1 .cKpY1WH~
np~AMeT~
napaKnY1c~. KaKcBTO
(rn.
on~csa
sp~MeTo c~ pa3npoCTpaHeHo ~ 3a Apyr~ Ll,bpKB~, o6bpHaTY1
omocn~ Bb A)t{aMY1~. TaKa Hanp. n?KTeWeCTBeHY1KbTb
nonb niOKaCb pa3npaB~ 3a A)t{yMaHIOHb-A)t{a-
M~c~. 6~BUJaTd rnaBHa Ll,bpKBa Cs. 6oropoA~LI,a Bb f\Aan~~ (Mana-f\3~~). 4e ~ Bb He~ ~Mano CKp~
weHb napaKnY1Cb, Bb KO~TO HY1KO~ MOXaMeAaHY1Hb He MO)t{anb Aa Bn~3e, nOHe)t{e BeAHara YM~panb. 1)
0Tb CJKW,~~ xapaKTepb e
on~TBanY1
~ np~naH~eTO 3a
Aa pa3pywaTb Ll,bpKBaTa,
Cs. Cocp~~. cnopeAb
Y13M~pano
T~XHO C~Me~CTBO
no eAHO
BCY14Kfl T~3Y1 B~pBaHY1~ He Ci'K HY1W,O Apyro, OCB~Hb
KOeTo, KOnKOTO n?KT~ Typl.I,Y1T~ ce
Y13pa3b
Ha Abn60KOTO
(rn.
no-rop-b
CTp.
149).
pen~r~03HO 4YBCTBO
Ha
HaceneH~eTO, KOeTO He e MOrno Aa ce nOM~pY1 Cb M~CbnbTa, 4e Typl.I,~T~ Ci'K MOrn~ Aa OCKBepH~BaTb
6e3HaKa3aHO, Ll,bpKBY1T~ ~ KOeTO 4p~3b
nOA06HY1 nereHA~ e nOAil,bp)t{ano T~XHaTa CBeTOCTb, MaKapb
T~ ~ Aa Ci'K 6~nY1 06bpHaT~ Bb A)t{aM~~.
Me)t{AY n?KTeweCTBeHY1LI,Y1T~ OTb
(1680
XVII
B~Kb
oCT a sa
Aa cnoMeHeMb ow,e
f\ H To H ~ 6 e He T ~
roA.), KO~To c?Kw,o nocsew,asa H~KonKo AYMY1 Ha Cs. CocpY1~. To~ ~ cnoMeHasa KaTo eAHa OTb
wecTbTE Ha~-xy6as~ A)t{aMY1Y1 Bb Cocp~-1~, .,KO~TO ~ AHeCb
ow,e
6~ 61-1na Ha~-noYeTHOTO
yKpaweH~e
Ha rpaAa, aKO npOM~HaTa Ha KynTa He 6~ 3aTbMH~na He~HaTa CB~Tn~Ha ". '")

Bbo6w,e Tp~6sa Aa ce 3a6~n~)t{Y1, Ye BC~4K~ n?KTeweCTBeH~LI,~
CB. CocpY1~ KaTO 3a eAHa TBbpA~ xy6asa A)t{aMY1~. KO~TO
OTb
XVII
B~Kb rosop~Tb 3a
Y1Mb npas~na Abn60KO Bne4aTneHY1e. npY1
BCe TOBa T~ BC~4KY1 ce 3aAOBOn~BaTb Cb 06W,Y1 cppa3~, 6e3b Aa HY1 AaAaTb eAHO no-nOAp06HO on~
CaHY1e Ha crpaAaTa. EAHO TaKOBa on~caH~e
weCTBeHY1Ka lepapAb
HaM~paMe
BY1pMOHAb (rn. no-ropt CTp.
1 10nY1 1719
HaYanoTo Ha
ceKpeTapb
XVIII
Ha
B~Kb y n?KTe-
nocnaH~Ka
rpacpb
116).
,lJ,pY1Wb ce e cnY1panb Bb Cocp~~ ABa n?KT~:

IOH~ AO
eABa OTb
KopHenY1ycb cpOHb AeHb llp~wb,
rGA., ~ BTOpY1 n?KTb Ha BpbW,aHe, OTb
sp~Me Cs. Cocp~~ ce e HaM~pana ow,e
Bb nbnH~~ CY1
BY1A~nY1 ~ n?KTeweCTBeHY1LI,~T~
B~Kb.
OTb
XVII
ETo
OT~BaHe
BeAHa)t{b Ha
27-31
6n~CbKb
3aw,o
3a L.lap~rpaAb,
OTb
29
Ma~ Cn~AH~Ta rGA~Ha. Bb HerOBO
KaTo
He~HOTo
A)t{aM~~.
TaKa
KaKTO CJK ~
noAp06Ho onY1CaHY1e y llp~wa,
KOeTO e Bnp04eMb ~ eAY1HCTBeHOTO OTb T03Y1 pOAb, ~Ma 3a HaCb Y13BbHpeAHO ron~MO 3Ha4eH~e, no
KO~To np~4Y1Ha w,e ro npv!BeAeMb TYKb ~3LI,~no, KaTo ro CHa6AY1Mb Cb H~KOY1 no~cHY1TenH~ 6~n~)t{KY1.
Cn~Ab KaTo pa3Ka3Ba nereHAaTa

rop~ (CTp.
116)
3a Cbrpa)t{AaHeTo Ha
Cs. CocpY1~,
KO~To
np~AaAOXMe
no-
Y1 KaTo on~csa AOCTa noAp06Ho caMY1~ rpanb, .LJ,p~wb npOAbn)t{aBa: .,Cera HeKa ce
OTnpaB~Mb OTb rpaAa Bb Ll,bpKBaTa, KO~TO, KaKTO Ka3BaTb, e
6~na
CbrpaAeHa Ci'KW,O OTb cnOMeHa-
TaTa no-rop~ CocpY1~. ::) He~H~~Tb KOB4erb 6~nb ce HaM~panb ~ AOCera Bb eAY1Hb CBOAb Bb ropH~Ta
encore une petite Chapelle fort obscure, ou est une image de Ia Vierge, qu'on y honnore sous Ia presidence
d'un Pere de l'ordre de Saint Fran<;ois: ou I'Fimbassadeur voulut qu'on celebrat le cervice divin. ln. ~a rosa
CbYHtieHHe no-rapt. crp. 145 3a6. 2.
1) Vo1age du Sieur Paul Lucas, fait par ordre
du roi dans Ia Grece, I'Fisie Mineure, Ia Macedoine et
I'Fifrique, Paris 1712, I 314 en.
~) Flntonio Benetti, Osservazioni fatte . . . nel
viaggio a Constantinopoli dell'lllustriss. et Eccelent. Sig.
Gio. Battista Donado spedito Bailo alia Porta Ottomana

l'anno 1680, Venezia 1688,1 crp. 179: L'adornano (Soffia)
sedeci Moschee, dieci inferiori e sei superbissime, in una
delle quali era per avanti il Tempio dedicato a Santa
Soffia, che sarebbe anco in hoggi il piu venerabile splendore del luogo, se non gli havesse ad om brata Ia luce il
cambiamento del culto.
::) llyMara e 3a nereHnapHara npHHueca CocpH51,
K051TO 6f1na y)l{b cecrpa Ha )l{eHara Ha HMneparopa
t0crf1Ha II; rn. no-rapt. crp. 117.
155
Cs. CocpHS! np-t3b XVIII si;Kb
YaCTb Ha U.bpKBaTa 1-1 OTb Hero, cnopeAb co6CTBeHOTO npH3HaHHe Ha TYPU.HT"t, ce pa3npoCTpaH51Banb
TBbpAi:; npH51TeHb MHpHCb.
Q6aye
KOBYerbTb
He MO>H.e
BeYe ,[l,a Ce Bl-1,[1,1-1,
nOHe>H.e e 3a3HAaHb
Cb
CT"tHa. Ti:; (TypU.HTi:;) CYHTaTb, Ye Bb Hero Tp"t6sa Aa HMa H"tw,o 60>H.eCTBeHO, no K051TO npHYHHa Ti:;
cFK HaKnOHH!-1 Aa nOYHTaTh TOBa
np"tA"tneHHe, Kopa6b, anrapHa
xpHCTH51HHT"t Ja
CBOAbTb, KOi-iTO
T"tno.
UbpKOBHaTa HMb
ne>H.H
KaKTO
BHAbTb
YaCTb 1-1 APYrH
1
no Hero, )
cny>~<.6a;
Ha
noA06HH,
crpaAaTa,
TaKa
xy6asH por03KH HJll-1 nOCTHJlKH OTb TpbCTHKa
OTb TYPU.HT"t.
cpopMa,
pa3-
cny>~<.Hna no-paHo Ha
(acbpH) ;
U"tnara UbpKsa e
nOAa TYKb-TaMt
nocrnaHa Cb Hai1-
Ha H3TOKb, ,[J,i:;TQ HaWHTi:; npaA"tAH CFK na-
3"tJ1H CBeTHTi:; TaHHCTBa, ce BH>H.,[l,a rpo6bTb Ha apXHJlb>t<el.l,a MoxaMe.!lb;
>H.aTb 3acrap"tn1-1 1-1
Hei1HaTa
o6aYe He MO>H.e na ce oma>H.e, ye t<ynara (MHHapero) 1-1
cFK CbrpaAeHH
OTb HerOBHTi:; Jlb>H.JlHBI-1 CJlOBa. Bbpxy
"'
noKa3BaTb, ye T51 e
TaMb Ce HaMHpaTb 1-1 MHOrO
CFK nOCTJlaHH OBYH
cny-
KO>H.l-1, Cb KOHTO CH
3HaTHH JlHL.l,a, 3a ,[l,a He noCTpa,!l,aTb OTb CTyAeHaTa ~eM51 1-1 OTb H3XO,[l,51W,HT"t OTb
He51 H3napeHH51, KOraTO Jle>H.aTb Cb KpbCTOCaHH t<paKa Ha l.l,i:;JJQTO CH
T"tno
BbDXY 3eM51Ta. Ha ron"tMb
1
npa3,[l,HHKb l.l,i:;J1H51Tb nO,[J,b Ce nOKpHBa Cb nepCHi-iCKI-1 KHJlHMI-1. " ' )
, \ JI
n0-HaTaTblH.aM!-151 Bb CocpH51, Bb Ta3VI Ha MaxMyAb nawa. T"t3H KHJlHMH 6HnH MHoro CTapH,
1-1 TOJ11<03b AbJlrVI, Ye CTHraJJVI OTb e,[l,HHI-151 t<pai-1 Ha .LI>H.aMH51Ta AO Apyrl-151. Cn"tAb TOBa
AbJl>H.aBa:
176
OTb
rOAHHH,
,lJ,pHWb
,Bb AB"tT-t A<aMHH (sb Cs . Cocp~-151 1-1 Bb Ta3H Ha MaXMYAbnawa) ce HaMHparb
npo-
ABa
aM-
BOHa, OTb KOHTO Abp>H.aTb 06Ht<HOReHHTi:; p"tYH HJll-1 nponoB"tAH l<bMb Hapo,[J,a .
EAHHH51Tb OTb T"tXb,
Cb KO~TO CH cny>H.aTb BC"tt<H ,[l,eHb, e
Cb
nO-HHCbt<b 1-1 e
HanbJlHeHb Cb ant<opaHa,
HerOBHTi:; TbJ1t<y-
BaHVI51 1-1 Cb MHOrO MOJlHTBeHVI KHHrH ;:;) a ApyrH51Tb, Ha t<Oi1TO Ce KaYBaTb no MHOrO CTFKnana, e
BHCOKb 1-1 e
not<pHTb orropt Cb enHa t<opoHa. ~) H
no-
t<at<TO OTb nbpBH51 ce npOYHTaTb 3a6ny>~<.AeHH51Ta
1-1 cpanWHBHTi:; yYeH!-151 Ha Ti:;XHI-151 Jlb>H.JlHBb npopOt<b, TaKa BTOpH51Tb 1-1Mb cny>H.H 3a
T"tXHHTi:; npono-
si:;,[J,l-1. ,LJ,o T03H nponoB"tAHHYeCKH aMBOHb HMawe caMO s b nbpBaTa A>H.aMH51 (r. e. caMo Bb Cs. CocpHS!)
e,[l,Ha CTa51,
npi:;rpaAeHa Cb AbpBeHH
HaJlaTa YaCTb Ha UbpKBaTa; T51 e
peWeTKH,
K051TO
Ha
e,!l,HO
CTFKnano
nO-BHCOKO
nOCTJlaHa 1-1 nOKpHTa no CT"tHHTt Cb MaTepHH VI e
3a BeJlHKI-151 Be3Hpb HJll-1 3a ApyrH naWVI, KOraTO npHCFKTCTBysaTb; a
nbKb
OTb
OCTa-
npi:;,!l,Ha3HaYeHa
VI Bb ,[J,Bi:;Ti:;
(A>H.aMVIVI)
HanpaseHo no enHo 3aTsopeHo OTA"tneHVIe 3a >~<.eHHT"t. H3o6w.o HVITO Bb Ta3VI (Cs. CocpV151), HVITO Bb
Apyra H"tt<051 ,[l,>H.aMVI51
w,e ce HaM"tp51Tb H"tt<at<BVI yKpaweHI-151, OCB"tHb H"tt<OJli<O BVIC51W,VI Ha CBO,!l,OBeTi:;
Bb cpopMa Ha KpFKrb KaH,[J,VIJla, OTb KOVITO YeCTO VIMa no H"tt<OJlKO Ha e,[l,HO MtCTO, a TaKa CFKW,O 3a6i:;n"t3BaTb Ce CTbi<Jla, n03JlaTeHVI TOnKVI, 51i.il.l,a OTb t<aMVIJlCKVI nTVIL.l,VI VI MYCKaTOBVI op"tXVI OTb He06VI-
1)
noHe<e MHHapero ce e HaMHpano Ha IOH<Hara

CTpaHa Ha npt,nusepHeTO, TO BbnpOCHHS!Tb CBOl!b e st,p051THO T03H Ha caMoro nptunaep~-te, Koi1To H nocera e
3ana3Hnb csoll rypcKH xapaKrepb (rn. CTp. 38).
~)Gerard Cornelius von den Driesch, Historische Nachricht von der Rom. Kayser!. Gross-Botchafft
nach Constantinopel etc., (rn. no-rapt, CTp. 116 3a6. 3 ).
NGrnberg 1723, crp. 100: Nun wollen wir uns aus der
Stadt in die Kirche begeben, welche ebenfalls von obgedachter Sophia, wie sie vorgeben, erbauet worden. Darinnen soli ihr Sarg noch bis auf diese Stunde in dem
obern Theil mitten in einem Gewolb aufgehalten werden.
und daraus ein sehr angenehmer Geruch, nach der TOrken eigenen Gestandnis, herfGr gehen; doch kan man
denselbigen nicht mehr sehen, weil er mit einer Mauern
verbauet ist: sie halten dafGr, dass etwas Gottliches darinnen mGsse verborgen seyn, weswegen sie auch zu Verehrung dieses Corpers bewogen werden. Es zeiget so
wol die Flrt des Gebaues, als dessen Gestalt, Eintheilung,
Schiff, Sacristey und anderes, dass dieselbige ehmaln
den en Christen zu ihrem Gottesdienst gedienet ha be; jedoch ist nicht zu laugnen. dass der Thurn und die daran liegende Gewolbe von den TGrken aufgebauet worde~. Die ganze Kirche ist mit dem feinsten Matten oder
Decken von Binzen belegt, in derselbigen vber gegen

Orient, wo unsere Vorfahren das Flllerheiligste aufbehal
ten hatten, ist das Grab des Erz-BetrGgers Muhamet zu
sehen, und viele von desselben IGgenhaften Schrifften
daselbst zu finden. Fluf dem Esterrich liegen hin und
wieder Schafs-Haute, deren sich verlebte und vornehme
Personen bedienen, damit sie nicht, wann sie mit tiber
einander geschlagenen FOssen mit dem ganzen Leib auf
der Erden liegen, von dem kalten Boden und dessen
heraus steigenden Dampfen schaden nehmen. Fin einem
hohen Fest wird der ganze Boden mit Persianischen Teppichen belegt.
::) llyMaTa e 3a M1-1Xpa6a Ha l!H<aMHS!Ta, KOHTO Bb
api;MeTO Ha llpHwa rpi;6sa na ce e HaMHpanb Bb caMara
ancHna Ha UbpKsara. CerawHHS!Tb MHxpa6b, srpaneHb
Bb rypcKara cri;Ha nOl!b rpHyMcpanHara apKa (rn. o6p.
18), e OHnb HanpaBeHb, KaKTO we BHl!HMb, Bb nO-HOBO
a pi; Me.
1) TyKb llpHUJb rosopH 3a MHM6apa Ha nH<aMHS!Ta,
KOHTO, nOCTpOeHb ui;nb OTb KaMbKb, e 3ana 3eHb H l!Ocera, Cb H3Klll04eHHe Ha cr?ilnanara MY (rn. o6p. 18 Bb
necHo). ,KopoHara" He e HHWO npyro, ocai;Hb o6nHS!Tb
noKpHBb Ha MHM6apa. KOHTO HaHCTHHa nO cpopMaTa CH
Hanono6S!sa KopoHa.
20*
156
VlcropHS! Ha UbpKsara Cs. Cmjmst
KHoseHa ron-tMJ.1Ha; (1-1Ma ow,e) e,D,Ha yewMa 3a MJ.1eHe, ') 6aKbpeHJ.1 cseTJ.1llHJ.1l.I,J.1 Cb socbYeHJ.1 cs-tw,1-1,
rpo6bTb Ha MoxaMe,D,a, p1-1cysaHb sbpxy e,D,Ha ra6na, KaKro e Sb MeKa; nJi'.TbTb 3a pa51 1-1 3a a,D,a;
xpacrer-t, KOJ.1TO 61-111b noca,D,J.1llb apX1-1llb>J<el.l,blh
1-1 KOJ.1TO, cnope,D,b MH-tHJ.1ero Ha noseYero rypl.l,l-1,
1-1 ,D,O,D,HeCb 61-1111-1 3eneHJ.1; 1-1 Hai-1-nocn-t 11MeHaTa Ha r-txHJ.1T-t Yer1-1p1-1 Hai1-rnasHJ.1 YYJ.1TenJ.1 f\6y6eKepb,
0Mapb, OcMaHb 1-1 Xan1-1, 1-1111-1 H-BKOI-1 J.13sn-tYeHJ.151 OTb anKopaHa, Han1-1caHJ.1 Cb
ron-BMI-1
6yKsJ.1 KOll-
KOTO npbCTb J.1 JlaKbTb, KOJ.1TO pa351CH51Salb OUJ,e noseYe CnOMeHaTJ.1T-t OTb MeHe noropi:, H"hw,a" .:!)
Orb AYMJ.1T-t Ha ,IJ.p1-1wa ce ycraHOB51Sa np-B,D,l-1 SCJ.1YKO e,D,HO rsbp,D,-t sa>J<HO 3a J.1CTOp1-151Ta Ha
Cs. Cocp1-151 o6crmnencTBo, a J.1MeHHO, Ye Sb Heroso sp-tMe anCJ.1,D,aTa Ha l.l,bpKsara ow,e He e 61-1na
Cb6opeHa. Tor::! cnoMeHasa 1-13p1-1YHO anrapHara YaCTb (caKp1-1CTJ.151Ta), 6naro,D,apeHJ.1e Ha K051TO, 3ae,D,HO
Cb ,D,pyrJ.1T-t OC06HOCTJ.1 Ha Crpa,D,aTa, Ce SJ.1>J<,D,allO, Ye
Orb no,D,po6Horo on1-1caHJ.1e Ha BJi'.Tp-twHOCTbTa Ha
HI
e 61-111a nbpSOHaYallHO Xp1-1CTJ.151HCKJ.1
,D,>J<aMJ.151Ta
.e
51SHO,
xpaMb.
ye T5l He ce e OTllJ.1Yasana
CJi'.w,ecrseHo OTb ,D,pyr1-1r-t no-ron-tMI-1 ,D,>J<aMJ.1J.1. CaMo e,D,HO H-tw,o e J.1Mano Sb Cs. Cocp1-151
noseYe:
rnel.I,J.1allHOTO or,D,-tneHJ.1e, np-trpa,D,eHo Cb peweTKa, np-tuHa3HaYeHo 3a senJ.1KJ.151 se31-1pb 1-1111-1 3a H-tKOr::i APYrb nawa, KOHTO e ,D,OXa>J<,D,anb Sb Cocpl-151. Cn-t,D,I-1 OTb rosa or,D,-tneHJ.1e, a J.1MeHHO J.13,D,HrHaroro
CTJi'.nano, 6-t 3ana3eHo ,D,O Haii-Hoso sp-tMe, np-t,D,I-1 ,D,a ce noYHaTb
pa3KOnKJ.1T-t. CrJi'.nanoro ce
Ha-
M!-1pawe sb JO>J<Hara YaCTb Ha Hanp-BYHI-151 Kopa6b, 3anoYsawe orb MJ.1M6apa Ha ,D,>J<aMJ.151Ta 1-1 or1-1sawe
Sb JOro-3ana,D,HO HanpasneHJ.1e no ,D,J.1aroHana ,D,O caMI-151 JOro-3ana,D,eHb Ji'.rbnb Ha Kopa6a, Karo pa3
,D,i;n51we no T03J.1 HaYJ.1Hc JO>J<Hara MY YaCTb Ha ,D,s-t rp1-1JhrbllHJ.1 nonosJ.1HJ.1. Or,D,-tneHHero 3a
se31-1pa
e 3aeMano no T03J.1 HaYJ.1Hb JOrO-J.13TOYHJ.151 Ji'.rbllb Ha Hanp-BYHI-151 Kopa6b. Bb Hero ce e SllJ.13illO HanpaRo OTSbHb np-B3b sparara, ocraseHa Sb JO>J<Hara cr-BHa Ha Kopa6a, np-BAb K051TO cera ce HaM1-1pa
MO,D,epHara ,D,bpseHa CTbn6a (rn. o6p. 1 1-1 ran. II 1-1 Ill). Cn-t,D,oBarenHo 1-1
caHJ.1ero Ha ,lJ.p1-1Wa ce yKa3sa CbSbpWeHO TOYHO. (Jhw,ecrsysaHeTO Ha
noKa3sa ocs-tHb
sb rosa
orHoweHJ.1e onJ.1-
SbnpOCHOTO OT,D,-tlleHJ.1e HJ.1
rosa, Ye Cs. Cocpl-151 1-1 np-t3b XVIII s-tKb e npOAbll>J<asana ,D,a 6Jh,D,e
rnasHa ,D,>t<a-
Ml-151 sb Cocpt151, Karo KaKsaro T51 ce cnoMeHasa ow,e Sb 1621 ro,D,. OTb nJi'.rewecrseHJ.1Ka K.ypMeHJ.1Hb
(rn. crp. 152).
Orb XVIII s-BKb HaM!-1paMe caMo ow,e e,D,HO J.13B-BCTJ.1e 3a Cs. Cocp1-151 Sb nJi'.TOnJ.1Ca Ha cppeHCKI-151
nocnaHJ.1Kb
c e H b- n
,Har::i-J.1HrepecHa 3a e,D,J.1Hb
p J.1 c Tb, KOHTO MJ.1Hallb np-B3b Cocp!-151 Ha 11
J.1 12 OKTOMSpl-1 1768 ro,D,.
xp1-1CTJ.151HJ.1Hb e ,D,>J<aMJ.151Ta, H-tKora
nocsereHa
l.l,bpKsa,
Ka3SaTb, Ye Sb Ta3J.1 Crpa,D,a nbpS1-1Ti:, OCHOBJ.1 6J.1JlJ.1 OCTaHalll-1 OTb rbpl.I,J.1T-t.
Ha cs. Cocp!-151;
V13BJi'.Tpi:, ,D,>J<aMJ.151Ta e
MHOro YJ.1CTa J.1 fl0Kp1-1Ta Cb por03KJ.1. no cpi;,D,aTa, OTb ,D,eCHa
CTpaHa, Ce SJ.1>J<,D,a e,D,HO 3arpa,D,eHO

1
M-tCTO, flO,D,J.1rHaTO Ha 10 CTJi'.nana: TaMb Ce na3J.1 aJlKOpaHbTb.: ) ropH51Ta (1-13TOYHaTa) YaCTb Ha T03J.1
1) Ta3H YewMa ce e HaMHpana st,postTHO Bb npt,unsepHero Ha ubpKsara; rn. crp. 36.

~) Driesch, UHT. CbY. crp. 101: In beiden Moscheen
stunden zwey Predigt-Sti.ihle, von welchen sie die gewohnlichen Reden oder Predigten an das Yolk halten:
davon der eine etwas niedrig , als dessen sie sich taglich
bedienen, und mit dem f\Jcoran und dessen P.uslegern,
auch v ielen andern Bet-Bi.ichern angefi.illet ist; der andere aber erhabener und oben mit einer Cron bedeckt,
auf welchen man durch viele Staffeln steiget; und wie
von jenen ihres li.igenhaften Propheten lrrthi.imer und
falsche Lehren verlesen werden: also muss dieser zu
ihren predigen dienen. Neben diesem Predigt-Stul war
nur in der ersten Moschee ein mit holzernen Gegitter
vermachtes Zimmer, welches um eine Staffel hoher als
der i.ibrige Theil der Kirche, auch mit Tapezereyen behang! und belegt, und zum Dienst des Gross-Vizirs, oder
andern Baschen, wann sie zugegen, ausersehen ist; in beiden aber ein Verschlag fi.ir die Weiber gemacht. lm i.ibrigen
wird man weder in dieser noch einiger andern Moschee
etwas von Zierrath finden, ausser etwan etliche in Gestalt

eines Circuls in den Gewolben herum hangende Rmpeln ,
deren oft mehr bey einander sind, und von Glasern, verguldeter. Kugeln, Straussen-Eyern, Muscatni.issen von seltsamer Grosse, unterschieden werden; einen Brunnen zum
waschen, kupferne mit Wachs-Lichtern versehene Leuchter,
des Muhamets auf eine Tafel gemahltes Grab, wie es in
der Mecha zu sehen; der Weg zum Paradeiss und zur
Hollen ; die Stauden, so der Erz-Betri.iger gepflanzet haben, und nach der mehresten Ti.irken Meinung noch
heut zu Tage gri.inen solle; und endlich auch des f\bbubecker, Omar, Osman, Hali, als ihrer vier vornehmsten
Lehrer Namen, oder einige aus dem f\lcoran gezogene
und mit Finger-und Ehlen-langen Buchstaben geschriebenen Stellen, welche die von mir oben angezogene
Stucke noch mehr erlautern.
H) Tosa Mi;cro He MO)!{e na 6rr:.ue npyro, ocst,Hb
MHM6apbTb, Koiho caMo MO)!{e na HMa T011K03b crrr:.nana.
Cnopenb ilpHwa, KaKTO BHni;xMe (crp. 155), anKopaHbTb
ce e naJi;nb Bb MHxpa6a.
157
Cs. Cocjm11 Bb Ha'-lanoro Ha XIX s"tKb
XpC.Mb e OT6t,ni:;3aHa Cb ManKa HVIWa, KOnKOTO 40Bt,WKVI pbCTb; 1) ,IJ,O HeSI OTb ,IJ,Bi:;Tt, H CTpaHVI Ce
HaMVIpaTb
ront,MVI
MaCVIBHVI csi:;w,HVILJ,VI
OTb 6aKbpb. H3oKono
no CTi:;HaTa
ce
HaMVIparb
MHoro-
6poi1HVI Ha,IJ,nVICVI, V13nVICaHVI Cb YepHO; OH3VI, KOHTO yMi:;e ,IJ,a fVI np04VITa, MO>I<e no Ti:;Xb na Bb3npoVI3Be,IJ,e HaH-xy6aBVI CTVIXOBe OTb anKOpaHa". 2)
OnVICaHVIeTo Ha Cs. CocpVIS!, Koero HVI ,IJ,asa CeHb-npVICTb, ,IJ,OnbnHSI VI nOSICH>tBa caMo Bb Hi:;KOVI
T04KVI
OnVICaHVIeTO
Ha
D,p!!wa,
KaTO
Hanp.
3a
6aKbpeHVITt,
CBi:;TVInHVILJ,VI
OTCTpaHVI
Ha
MV1Xpa6a,
6e3b ,IJ,a HVI ,IJ,asa Hi:;w,o CJKW,eCTBeHO HOBO. 8VI,IJ,VI Ce, Ye ,IJ,H<aMVISITCl no TOBa spi:;Me He w,e ,IJ,a e npi:,Tbpnl;na Ht,KOVI 3Ha4VITenHVI npoMi:;HVI VI Ce e HaMVIpana Ow,e 13b ,IJ,06po CbCTOSIHVIe.
E,IJ,sa
70
ro,IJ,VIHVI nO-KbCHO
yYeHb nJKrewecrseHVIKb
HaMVIpaMe
naK"b
Vl3si:;cTVISI
3a
u,bpKsara
no3HaT11SI
peHCKVI
R M VI 6 y e, KOHTO e nJKrysanb V13b EsponeMCKa Typu,VISI OTb 1836-1838 r.
Toii e nVIcanb ,IJ,sa nJKTVI 3a Cs. CocpVISI.
Bb
no-craporo
CVI
Cb4VIHeHVIe
cbo6wasa, Ye ,anrapHaTa
YaCTb Ha crpaAaTa e ocraHana HeAOBbpweHa VIII VI nbKb e 6VIna pa3pyweHa ornocnt," .a) Bb rnasHoro
CVI Cb4VIHeHVIO 6ye o6pbW,a BHVIMaHVIe Ha ApyrVI
OC06HOCTVI
Ha
U,bpKBaTa .
,(rapara
KaTe,IJ,pana Ha
CocpVIS! Bb MVI3VISI e o6bpHaTa cJKw,o Bb ,IJ,H<aMVISI. TSI e TBbpAt, roni:;Ma VI VIMa opMaTa Ha KpbCTb,
4VIVITO KpaMw,a ce VI3,IJ,as;nb TBbpAt, ManKo; anrapbTb e KpJKrbnb, o6aYe APYfVITt, Kpaiiw,a
BbpT11TVI, a OTnpi:;,IJ,b Ha Crpa,IJ,aTa VIMa
OTb
sci:;Ka
CTpaHa no
cJK
YeT-
e,IJ,HO ManKO 4eTHbpTVITO OT,IJ,i:;neHVIe,
KOeTO Vl3nVI3a HaBbHb OTb OCTaHanaTa 4aCTb Ha 3,IJ,aHVIeTO. KaM6at!apVIS1 Ht,Ma VI Bb06we
Vl3rneH<,IJ,a,
Ye u,bpt<sara He e 6VIna Cbsci:;Mb ,IJ,OBbpweHa" .~)

Orb ri:;3VI csi:;,IJ,t,HVISI Ha 6ye ce ycraHOBSIBaTb rnasHO ,IJ,Ba
cpaKTa:
U,bpKBaTa e 6VIna Be4e Cb6opeHa, VI BTOpO, Ye CTpaHV14HVITt, OT,IJ,i:;neHVISI
nbpso,
Ha
Ye
anCI1,IJ,aTa
npi:;,IJ,,IJ,BepVIeTO,
VI npi:,npaseHVI, see owe rpi:;6sa ,IJ,a CJK cJKw,ecrsysanVI no rosa spi:;Me. Ocsi:;Hb rosa
Ha
MaKapb
rpi:;6sa
,IJ,a e
6VIno Cb6opeHo seYe VI MVIHapero Ha ,IJ,H<aMVISITa, noHeH<e 6ye He caMo ye He ro cnoMeHasa, HO KaTo
rosopVI 3a nVIncara Ha KaM6aHapVIS1, He Ka3sa noHe, ye TSI e 6VIna 3aMi:;creHa Cb rypcKOTO
(b APYfVI AYMVI KbMb
MVIHape.
1836-1838 rO,IJ,VIHa ,IJ,H<aMVISITa e 6VIna seye CVInHO nospi:;,IJ,eHa 4pt,3b Cb6apS1-
HeTO Ha u,i:,nVI YaCTVI OTb HeSI. Tt,3VI nospi:;,IJ,VI CJK MOfiiVI ,IJ,a 6~,IJ,aTb npV14VIHeHVI
cpanHOTO 3a CocpV151 3eMnerpeceHVIe, KOeTo ce e cnyYVIno Ha
TOBa 3eMnerpeceHVIe HaMVIpaMe Bb npVInVICKVITt,
Ha CTapVI
CaMO OTb KaTaCTpO-
23 MapTb 1818 ro,IJ,VIHa. Csi:;,IJ,t,HVISI 3a

U,bpKOBHVI KHVIfVI. ETO Hanp. KaKb
onVIcaHo Bb npVInVICKaTa Ha e,IJ,HO esaHrenVIe, neYaTaHo Bb PycVISI npi:;3b
TO
XVIII st,Kb: , 1818 Meceu,b
anpVInVIaG) 23 ,IJ,eHb 3HaTVI ce Kora ce rpVICVI 3eMHara y cy6ora Ha 2 VI nonb caxaro, roneMb crpaxb
6ewe, MHOfO 6VIHVI VI ,IJ,H<aMVIVI nona,IJ,aXa, >KeWKVI VI CTy,IJ,eHVI BO,IJ,VI CTaHaxa
OTb na3apVIU,a
To,IJ,opb TVIpOHb, norosa nocne ocw,e Kapa ,IJ,O cseTVI HnVIa, ra ce TVIpCVI nocne YVIKb
,IJ,O
CBeTVI
npeTb Manara
6oropo,IJ,VIu,a; y ca6ora Ha ,IJ,Ba caxaro, rorae ce MVIHa ManKO speMe, ra Hacrper ( cpi:;w,y)
6aHa 6a-
WVIa VI3Bpe >~<ewKa so,IJ,a, ra HanpaBVI CenVIMb nawa we,IJ,VIpBaHe (wa,IJ,pasaHVI) npVI rypcKara 6aHSI VI
Ha 6awYewMa Haca,IJ,VI BV1p6V1 (sbp6V1) VI yewMaTa HanpasVI
1) Ta3H HHWa rp-t6sa na e MHxpa6bTb Ha n)!{aMHSITa, MaKapb TOH o6HKHOBeHO na e ManKO nO-BHCOKb
OTb '-lOB"tWKH pbCTb.
2) ni'ii.TOnHCbTb Ha CeHb-npHCTa e o6HaponsaHb
caMo Bb np-tsonb, cnopenb enHHb np"tm1cb OTb opHrHHanHH51 prii.KOnHCb Bb peHcKoro nocnaHcrso Bb UapH
rpanb, OTb Cr. HosaKOBHh, ronHWihHUa HHKOne 4ynHha XVII, 1897, crp. 145-165, omtro (crp. 156 en.) 3aeMaMe H rOpHOTO H3Bn"t'-leHHe. nocO'-JBaHeTO Ha T03H
ni'il.rewecrseHHKb nbn)j{a Ha npo. Hop. 11saHOBb. Bb
caMoro Cb'-lHHeHHe Ha CeHb-npHcra Bbpxy nocnaHH'-lecrsoro MY Bb UapHrpanb (Saint-Priest, Memoires sur
l'ambassade de France en Turquie et sur le commerce
des Franr;:ais dans le Levant, Paris 1871) BbnpocHHSITb
ni'il.ronHcb He e o6HaponsaHb.
:1) F\ m i B o u e, Recueil d 'itineraires dans Ia Turquie
d'Europe, Vienne 1854, I 66: L'ancienne cathedrale bulgare de Sophie est placee a l'extremite orientale de Ia
(cb)
wonKVI
(YyYypa), VI nocne Kapa
ville, ce qui semble indiquer que Sophie a ete jadis plus

grande. La partie du chceur de cet edifice n 'a pas ete
achevee ou a ete detruite posterieurement, le devant est
depourvu de toute elegance et il n 'y a pas non plus
d'ornemens exterieurs. Les Turcs en ont fait une mosquee et l'ont peut-etre retouchee.
~) f\mi Boue, La Turquie d'Europe, Paris 1840, II
379: L'ancienne cathedrale de Sophie, en Mcesie, est
devenue aussi une mosquee . Elle est assez grande et a
Ia forme d ' une croix, avec des extremites tres peu proeminentes; le chceur est rond, mais les autres extremites
sont carrees, et sur le devant du batiment il y a de
chaque cote une petite partie carn'!e en saillie sur le
reste de I' edifice. II n'y a pas de clocher , et il parait meme
que I' eg lise n 'a pas ete achevee en entier.
'') 11Mero Ha M-tceua, KaKro ce BH}f{na OTb H36poeHHT-t npa3nHHUH, e norp-tweHO. 8b npHnHCKaTa, KOSITO
cnoMeHasaMe no-non-5, croH M-tceub Maprb.
HcTOPf-151 Ha UbpHsaTa Cs CocjJM5!
158
AO HOBYI eBeTYI leopr1-1" . 1) Bb Apyra eAHa npYinYieKa Ha eAYIHb

Bb K051TO 3eMneTpeeeHYieTo ee AaTY!pa Ha
ne4aTaHb
MY!Hei1 OTb
1778 fOAYIHa,
23 MapTb 1818 rOA-, ee enoMeHaBa, Ye TO Tpa51no u,i>n1-1
eAYIHaAeeeTb Mi>eeu,a 1-1 ye Torasa ee eb6op1-1n1-1
A>t<aMYIYI,
YeWMYITi>
npi>CTaHanYI
1-1
6aHYITi>
npi>-
ebxHanl-1.2)
Hi>Ma HYIKaKBO ebMHi>HYie,
(CTp.
Ye Torasa e noCTpaAana 1-1 Cs.
Coqm51,
K051TO,
KaKTO
BYIAi>xMe
157), KbMb Kpa51 Ha XVIII Bi>Kb ee e HaMY!pana ow,e Bb A06po ebeT051HYie. Cni>Ab 3eMneTpe-
eeHYieTo ee e YI3BbpWY1na Ha6bp3o 1-1 He6pi>>t<HO

AeHa TypeKaTa
CTi>Ha nOAb
nonpasKaTa Ha
TPYIYMcpanHaTa ap1<a (rn. CTp.
A>t<aMYI51Ta. Torasa e
61-1na ebrpa-
14 en.), Tbi1 Ye aneY!AaTa Ha u,bpKBaTa,
K051TO Tpi>6sa Aa e 61-1na ebBei>Mb pa3pyweHa, e 61-1na oeTaBeHa seYe BbHb oTb erpaAaTa. Bbo6w,e
OTb TOBa Bpi>Me AaTY!paTb nonpaBKYITi>, I<OYITO MOraTb Aa ee npYinYIWaTb Ha 4eTBbpTY151 CTpOY!TeneHb
nepY!OAb (rn.
CTp.
23). KaKTO noKa3BaTb Ti>3YI nonpaBKYI, noCTpaAanYI em np1-1 3eMneTpeeeHY!eTo
He eaMO aneYIAaTa Y1 MYIHapeTO, HO TaKa eJKW,O Yl APYfYITt,

HYI4HYITi> 1<0pa61-1 (ep. CTp.
19 en.)
Kora em 61-1n1-1
CTi>H~,
Oe06HYI BbHWHYITi> CTi>HYI Ha CTpa-
eBbpWeHYI nonpaBKYITi> Ha A>t<aMYI51Ta, He MO>t<e Aa
ee Ka>t<e. Ha sei>KYI enyYai1 noHe MYIHapeTO, KaKTO Yl3rne>t<Aa OTb Ay MY!Ti> Ha 6ye, KbM'b
1836-1838 r.
OW,e He e 61-1n0 Y13AYifHaTO HaHOBO.
06p. 137.
Cs. CocjJM51 cnopenb pMcyHHaTa 11a Ka1mua.
Bb TaKOBa nono>t<eHY!e ee e HaMY!pana Cs. Cocpl-151, KoraTo npi>3b IOHYI

noei>TeHa OTb pyeKI-151 yYeHb B.
r p Yl r 0 p 0 B Yl 4 b.
Aa pa3rneAa A>t<aMYI51Ta no-noApo6Ho,

KOYITO see naKb ee BYI>t<Aa,
no K051TO
Ye TypeKaTa
eTi>Ha
3a >t<anoeTb lpY1rOpOBYI4b
npY14YIHa
Toi1 H OTAi>n51
nOAb TPYIYMcpanHaTa
eaMo
1844 roA. T51 e 61-1na
He e 6Yinb AOnyeHaTb
Hi>KonKo AYMYI,
OTb
apKa no TOBa spi>Me e 61-1na
Be4e ebrpaAeHa.')
no
TOBa
Bpi> Me
MY!Hanb npi>3b
C n e He e p b, Koi1To eJKw,o rosop1-1 3a Cs
Cocp!-151
Yl
aHrnY!i1eKYI51Tb
nJKTeweeTBeHYIKb
E AMy H A b
Cocp!-151, o6a4e eaMo Cb ebsei>Mb o6w,1-1 cppa3YI 3a xy6asaTa
H apxYITeKTypa, no K051TO npY14YIHa ro LI,YITY!paMe TYKn eaMo 3a nbnHOTa.~)

II ln. Xp. n. i{OHCTaiiTf1HOBb, nMieTHf-1 6-1;n-l;}!{l{f-1 3a Cp-tneub, Bb nep. Cnf1C. VIII. 1884. 127
~) E. C n p ocT p a HoB b, 6-tn-5}\{Hf-1 H npHnf1CHf1
no coqmficHMT-5 UbpHBM, C6opH. 3a Hap. yMoTB. XXII~
XXIII, 1906 7, 12.
:;) B. r p f1 r 0 p 0 B f1 'l b, QyepHb nyTewecTBi51 no
esponeficHofi TypuiM, 2-po M3n. MocHsa 1877, CTp. 135:
Flf151-Cocpi51 (MeYeTb) - 3naHie, noCTpoeHHoe Bb napannenorpaMMb, BeCbMu CXOilHa Cb OXpMilCHOIO CB. (ocpieiO.
E51 BOCTOYHa51 YaCTb, T. e. TO M-5CTO, rn-1; 6blnb anTapb,
3anO}!{eHa CT-5HOIO.
1) Edmund Spencer, Travels in European Tur-
Key in 1850, London 1851, II 375 en.: The great mosque

is the finest specimen now existing of the architecture of
the Bulgarians. Previous to the TurHish conquest, it bore
the name of San Sophia and liHe that at Constantinople,
was dedicated to the Holy Trinity. The Bulgarians were
so proud of their cathedral, and its magnificence so
justly celebrated, that the name of the town was changed from Serdice to Sophia. - CneHcepb (II 373) pa3npas5l H enHa TBbpn-5 noeTMYHa nereHna 3a ocHosasaHeTo Ha rpana CocpM5! OTb Cepm1Ha, nbwep5! Ha H:lMpM5!.
Ta3H nereHna o6aYe M3rne}\{na na e H3MHcneHa OTb caMH5l ni'hTeweCTBeHMHn.
159
Pa 3pyw eHHero Ha Cs. Cocjm11
HacKopo, Ha 18 cenTeMBpl-1 1858 ron., CTaHano OTHOBO roni:.Mo 3eMneTpeceHHe Bb Cocp!-151 . 1)

f<"\e>ny Cb6opeHHTi:. cera crpan1-1 ce cnoMeHall<l H3p1-14HO 1-1 Cs. Cocp1-151 KaTo CH51YWbn>aMH51.:!) Hei1HOTo CbOap51He
OnHCaHO nonpOOHO, Bi:.p051THO
cnopenb pa3Ka3a
Ha CTapl-1 COcpV15lHL\I-1, OTb
Xp .
rJ .
.. .
~~j;'
1:. ~r"'J"'', ..
9'!..
j:_
.fi-
06p. 138. -
Cs. CoHSI H ot<anHoCrbra H cnopenb enHa pHCYHKa orb E. flpHL!Tb (cera Bb HaponHHSI MyJeii).
i<OHCTaHTHHOBb :l) Kai<TO

Ecanb-EcpeHnl-1,
4HnH Ha
Cni:.nsa: ,61-1n0
MtOTesennl-151
HaAb
MHHapeTo 1-1 BH1<an1-1 Ha
neTb4eHb neHb
4ep!<BaTa MOnHTBa
npasosi:.pHHTi:.
t) Cs-l>n-l>HHSI Ja rosa JeMnerpeceHHe HaMHpaMe

nat no CTapHT-1> U'hpt<ORHH KHHrH. rn .
Xp n. KoHCTaHTHHOBb, nepHOLl. CnHC. X. 1884. 99;
E. CnpocrpaHOBb, On11Cb Ha P"'-KOnHCHr-1> Bb 6H 6nHoret<ara npH Cs . CHHOLlb, crp. 41: C6opH Ja Hap.
YMOTB. XXII-XXIII, 19067, 17 H 19.
~) CnpocrpaHOBb, C6opH. 3a Hap. yMors. XXII
-XXIII crp. 16: 1858 M(-l>ce)Ub cenreMBpHSI 18 neHb, TO
ra11 ce T"'-PCH JeMSITa y YerseprotaMI-151,
BOHHHL\1-1
OTb
f\51-Cocp!-151,
CocjJHi1ci<H51
ce
noKa-
rapHH30Hb. 4 )
6ytOt<bLl>KaMHS!, '-lene6Hn>KaMH51, CS!yWbLlH<aMiS! 1-1 npoYH;

nHca x b acb MHoro rpeWHH nana 51Hat<H HoHOBb 1-1 nana
reoprH fiHrOBb, 1-1 nanH(a)xa uept<BH c(se)TH HHt<OnaSI
ManH H npeyecra(?). - npHnHCt<aTa ce HaMHpa Ha enHHb
6-l>nb nHCTb, npH6aBeHb OTnOCnt Bb enHHb MHHefi OTb
1750 ron.
'1) naMeTHH 6 tn-l> >Kt<H 3a CptneUb, nep. cnHC. VIII,
1884, 128
1) Ka3apMHT1> ce HaMHpanH Ha !Orb orb Cs. CocpH51, no caMara HeSI; rn. crp. 7 1-1 o6p. 2.
VlcropH5l Ha UbpKBaTa Cs. CocpH5l
160
Boi1HY1l.I,Y1Tt, ce Y13MY111Y1 1-1 OLJHCTI-1111-1 3a M011Y1TBa, a MOMLJeTaTa Ha Eca,IJ,b-EcpeH,IJ,I-1 noCTY111a11YI s;r.,Tpt, Bb

LJepKBaTa xac;r.,pe no 3eM51Ta, 3a ,IJ,a
CY1LJKY151 CBt.Tb ce paCTpt.CY111b
ce K11aH51Tb BOHHY1l.I,YITt,.
CY1J1HO, Y1 ropHY1Tt, LJaCTI-1
CHLJKO 61-1110 npHrOTBeHo, HO BHe3anHo
Ha LJepKBaTa Y1 MYIHapeTO
nona,IJ,aJll-1 Y1 3aCY1-
naJ111 ,IJ,Bt.Tt, MOMLJeTa . .D,eceTb MHHYTH no-ceTHt, aKo ,IJ,a 6t.we Tpt.caBYil.l,aTa, Bb Cs. Cocp151 w.t.111-1 ,IJ,a
ce 3apoB51Tb Xl-11151,[1,1-1 npasost.pH1
BOHHHLI,I-1.
M10TeBe11J1Y151Ta,
Eca,IJ,bEcpeH,IJ,I-1,
610111DKb
xopa
61-111b
nooaBY111b ,IJ,a pa3pY1BaTb na,IJ,H;;<.,JiHTt. LJaCTI-1, ,IJ,aHo ce tJaMt.p51Tb 3acHnaHY1Tt, MY pom61-1, HO He MOrnl-1
,IJ,a r1-1 HaMt.p51Tb, 1-1 TOH caMb OTb ro11t.Ma 6aW.HHCKa
r11e,IJ,a11Y1 Ta51 C11YLJKa
KaTO
HaKa3aHY1e OTb
manoCTb
5ora, npOBO,IJ,eHO
no,IJ,11y,IJ,t.11b. XpY1CTY151HeTt.
Ha
MIOTeBe1111Y151Ta,
Bb Cocp151
3aLLI,OTO
TOH
6Y111b
pa3TYPY111b no-Hanpt.Ab omapbTb Ha LJepKBaTa Cs. Cocp151, 3a ,IJ,a Cl-1 HanpaBI-1 xaMaMb".
Hai1-Hanpt.,IJ,b 1pt.6sa ,IJ,a ce 3a6t.11t.<1-1, LJe He BCHLJKO Bb T03Y1 pa3Ka3b e ,IJ,OCTOBt.pHo. TaKa
Hanp.
3eJ'v'11eTpeceHHeTo,
no
e,IJ,HOr11aCHOTO
CBH,IJ,t.Te11CTBO
Ha. npHnY1CKY1Tt,
(r11.
159
op.
1),
3a6.
CTaHa110 He Bb neTbKb, a Bb LJeTBbpTbKb. nbpBY151Tb

,IJ,eHb, KaTo TypcKI-1 npa3,IJ,HY1Kb, e H36paHb 6e3b
Ht.HHe 3a
,IJ,a ce
no-ro11t.Ma
,IJ,paMaTHLJHOCTb,
Kame, LJe BCHLJKI-1
TypcKH
na 6;r.,,IJ,aTb Ha M011Y1TBa.
C;r.,w.o
,IJ,a
Mo<e
BOHHY1l.I,Y1
c;r.,
w.t.111-1
1-1
no11y,IJ,51BaHeTO Ha
MIOTeBe11Y151Ta w.e 1pt.6sa ,IJ,a ce npHLJY1C11YI

reH,IJ,a pHY1Tt,
pa3Ka3bTb
Ha
e11eMeHTY1
CbM
3a
pa3Ka3a.
KbMb
n p1
BCe
11eTOBa
Cb,IJ,bp<a Y1 H'tKOI-1 6e3b CbMHt.HHe si;pH1
CBt,,IJ,i;HJ-151, a
YIMeHHO
3a
Cb6ap51HeTO
Ha
LJaCTb OTb
,IJ,<aMY151Ta Cb Bbpxa Ha MHHapeTo Yl 3a TOBa, LJe Cs.

Cocp151 no TOBa spt.Me e c11y<1-111a
l.l,bpKBa 3a TypcKaTa BOHCKa Bb
KaTO 'rapHY130HHa
Cocp151.
vbst.CTY1eTO,
LJe a11TapbTb 6Y1Jlb pa3Typ51Hb OTb MIOTeBe11Y151Ta, 3a ,IJ,a

c1-1 HanpaBI-1 xaMaMb, c;r.,w.o Tpt,6[la ,IJ,a ce npHeMe Cb
pe3epsa. H1-1e BH,IJ,t.xMe, LJe ancH,IJ,aTa e 61-111a Cb6opeHa
ow.e
J1Y151Ta
HaY1CTY1Ha
OTTYKb,
06p. 139. -
1818
npt.3b
ro,IJ,.
R.Ko c11t.,IJ,oBaTe11HO MIOTeBe-
B3eMa11b
Ht.KaKbBb
MaTepY1a11b
TO TOBa MO<e ,IJ,a 6;r.,,IJ,e CaMO MaTepY1a11bTb,
KOHTO e OCTaHa11b HeY13n0113yBaHb Ha Mt.CTOTO C11i;,IJ,b
Cs CccpH5l Cb Ha6monarenHaTa Kyna.

na,IJ,aHeTo Ha ancH,IJ,aTa.
Ko1-1 LJaCTI-1 OTb .a<aMY151Ta c;r., 61-1111-1 cb6opeHY1 np1-1 3eM11eTpeceHYieTo, MO<e Hai:1-,IJ,o6pt, ,IJ,a ce
yoaHOBI-1 OTb cerawHOTO no11omeH1-1e Ha l.l,bpKBaTa,
KOeTo
onorasa He e
npt.r~::pnt.11o
c;r.,w.eoseHo
Y13Mt.HeHY1e. na,IJ,Ha11a e npb,IJ,I-1 BCY1LJKO npi;,IJ,H51Ta LJaCTb Ha ,IJ,<aMY151Ta, a Y1MeHHO CBO,IJ,bTb Ha npi;,IJ,,IJ,BepY1eTO, KOHTO ce e cb6ap5111b 1-1 no-paHo (r11. op.
155
3a6.
1),
ront.Ma LJaCTb OTb ot.HaTa Ha cpaca,IJ,aTa
Y1 )lBt,Tt, CTpaHY1LJHY1 OT,IJ,t.11eHY151 Ha npi;,IJ,,IJ,BepHeTO. 61-1111-1 c;r., nospi;,IJ,eHI-1 LJpb3b nponyKBaHe Yl Ht.KOI-1
Mt.CTa Bb B;;<.,Tpt.WHOCTbTa Ha ,IJ,>t<aMY151Ta. 06aLJe MY1HapeTO, LJaKb ,[1,0 CaMOTO BY1Ka110, ce e 3ana3Y1110.
Tosa Ht.w.o ce yoaHOB51Ba OTb
npt.AH ocso6om,IJ,eHHeTo ( o6p.
pHCYHKaTa, K051TO
137),
HanpaBY111b
OTb
Cs.
KaKTO 1-1 OTb e,IJ,Ha cpoTOrpacp!-151, cHeTa npt.3b
Lie Cs. Cocp151 no TOBa spt.Me ce e

meHHe, ce BH<,IJ,a 1-1 OTb e,IJ,HO cbo6w.eHHe
KOHTO Ka3Ba Y13pY1LJHO, LJe l.l,bpKBaTa
KaHHl.l,b e
HaM1-1pa11a
seLJe
HaHCTHHa Bb
Ha cppeHCKI-151 n;r.,TeweoseHHKb
e 61-111a pa3pyweHa OTb
nocnt.,IJ,HOTO
Cocp151
1878
HaCKopo
ron. ( o6D.
2).
TBbp,IJ,t, n11aLJeBHO no11o-
n e <a H b
OTb
3eMneTpeceHHe.
1867
1
)
ro,IJ,.,
Mt.pK1
3a HeHHOTO Bb306HOB11eHY1e BeLJe He C,Y:., 61-1111-1 B3eTY1 Y1 T51 e npO,IJ,bJ1>t<aBa11a ,IJ,a ce pyw1-1 OTb Bpt.MeTO,
6e3b ,IJ,a c11y<1-1 seLJe 1-1 3a ,IJ,<aMI-151. Cnope,IJ,b
pa3Ka3a Ha oap1-1 cocpY151Hl.I,Y1, Typl.I,Y1Tt, npt.3b noc11t.,IJ,-
1) G. Lejean, Voyage en Bulgarie (1867), Le Tour

du Monde 1873 II 138: Sophia est une grande ville . . .
pas de monuments, sauf une ancienne basilique bulgare
devenue mosquee et ruinee par le dernier tremblement
de terre. Cette basilique, batie sous le vocable de sainte

Sophie, en imitation de Ia fameuse basilique de Constantinople, a donne a Ia ville le nom qu' elle porte
aUJOurd'hui.
Cs. Co1111 OTb o cso 6 0)!{lleHHero Ha caMb
161
HHrl> ron11HI1 Ha rl>xHOTO snanHlleCTBO Bb Co1-151 elK Sl 113nomysanH HaHOBO 3a op~K>HeeHb H 6apyTeHb CI<Jlanb, l<aTO
U,i;Jlb HaM-3npaBaTa H llaeTb, a 11MeHHO neeHHSITb CTpa-
np11enoco611J1H 3a Ta311
HI1lleHb Kopa6b, Bb I<OMTO ee noM-tl..l.l,aBa
eerawHaTa
MonepHa u,bpi<BI1u,a. np"53b TOBa sp"5Me ent-
nosaTeJlHO elK 611n11 3anyweHI1 11 neCHI1rl> ap1<11 Ha u,bpKBaTa eb rpy6aTa 311napHS1 OTb Kallb 11 KaMbHI1, I<OSITO e 3ana3eHa 11 no nHeeb (rn. o6p. 16).
KaKBa e 611na e ~Kn6aTa Ha Cs. Cocp1151 en"5nb oeso6omneHI1eTo, TOBa Belle 113Tbi<HaxMe HaKpaTKO
Ol..l.l,e Bb ysona (CTp . 3 en .). M11HapeT0, KOeTO Bb 1878 ron. e CT05lllO ol..l.l,e no BI1KanoTO (rn . o6p. 2), e
6Hno cb6opeHo HacKopo en"5nb Ta311 naTa, 6Hno lie Belle e rpo351JlO na nanHe eaMo, 611no OTb oMpa3a
l<bMb seHlll<l1 3Hau,l1 Ha TypeKoTo Hro. EnHo
BbpweHo Bb no-HOBO sp"5Me, en"5nb
11eTHHeKo eseTOTaTeTBO enp"5Mo
u,bpKBaTa e 611no H3-
1892 ron. , I<OraTO Bbpxy HeHHI151 KynOJlb e 611na H3nl1rHaTa
nopBeHa Kylla , I<OSITO e eny>HI1Jla 3a Ha6ntOnaTeJleHb nyHI<Tb Ha nO>j<apHaTa I<OMaHna (o6p. 139).
Tosa o6eT051TeneTBO Bb3MYTI1llO Bb ron"5Ma eTeneHb 11 pycKI15l ylleHb CnepaHcKii1, Koiho Bb 1898 ron.
noe"5TI1Jlb Cocp1151. 1) Cn-tnosaTellHO KynaTa no Ta311 naTa ol..l.l,e e e~Kl..l.l,eeTBysana . T5l e 611na pa3py-
0 6 p . 140. -
TOBa, KoraTo Bb 1900 ron. ce e npas-tna
weHa HaeKopo en"5nb

CTpaH11lleHb Kopa6b
Cs. Co1111 cnopeub eu Ha ororpaH51 OTb 1909 ron.
Ha Cs. Cocp1151 . Cb srpamnaHeTO
MonepHaTa
Ha Ta311 U.bp1<BI1ua
ubpi<BHU.a
Bb neCHI151
Cs. CocpH51 np"5rbpn-tsa
nOCJl"5nH51Ta e11 e/K l..l.l,eCTBeHa npoM"5Ha nO Bp"5MeTO Ha pa3I<Oni<I1T"5 np"53b 1911 ron. no-roJl"5MaTa
llaeTb OTh u,bpi<BaTa 113rnemnawe Cbse"5Mb
py11H11paHa 11
npo113semnawe
TBbpn-t >HI1BOnl1eHo sne-
llaTneHI1e eb eBOI1T"5 o6paCHaJll1 eb 3eJleHI1Ha eT"5HI1 11 no1<p11Bb (rn. o6p. 140). 06alle Bb TOBa esoe
nonomeHI1e TSI see noselle nponbnmasawe na ee pa3nana. Hai1-MHoro CTpanawe, nopanH n11neaTa
Ha KepaMI1nl1, n01<p11BbTb, MaJll<l1 naplleTa OTb I<OMTO noeTOSIHHO ee 1<bpT"5Xa eni;nb Be"51<11 nb>Hnb 11
nanaxa Ha 3eM51Ta.
3a
na
MHHaJlO, He06XOnHMO 6i:, na
MO>He na
ee
ee
3ana311
UbpKBaTa KaTo u,"5HeHb naMeTHHI, eni;nb eBbpWBaHeTO Ha
Ha
HaweTo
I<OHTO erpa-
naTa MO>He 611 we H3ry6VI H"5l..l.l,o OTb eso5l H<HBOnHeeHb H3rnenb KaTo pyVIHa , HO Bb 3aMi;Ha Ha TOBa
nbl<b l..l.l,e enellellH eVIrypHo llp"53b 3ana3BalieTo Ha eerawHOTO 11 nonomeHVIe KaTo 11eTopHKOapxHTeKTYPeHb naMeTHHI<b.
1) RpxeonorH4eCK i51 H3s-Ecri51 H 3aM-ETKH MocKOBCK. apxeon. o6wecrsa VI, 1898, 53 .
Ca. Co <j>Ho
21
YlcropHil Ha ubpKsara Cs. Cocjmll
162
Cs. Cocj:>VI51 e
np-EKapa11a se'-le
CB051
VICTOpVI'-IeCKVI
nepVIO,IJ,b
Ha c;y;_w,ecTsysaHe.
BcVI'-IKVI
no-
npasKVI VI npoM-EHVI, KOVITO CfK CTaBa11VI P,OCera Cb He51, HOC51Tb OTne'-!aTbKa Ha CBOeTO spi:;Me VI B11araTb no TaKbBb Ha'-ll1Hb H-tW,O HOBO Bb VICTOpV151Ta Ha
l.l,bpKBaTa. )J.HeCb, KOraTO
u-E110TO HeHHO MH-
HaJlO e pa3KpVITO npi:;p,b HaCb, HVIe He CMe Be'-le Bb CbCT051HVIe p,a Ce OTHeCeMb KbMb He51 Cb CfKW,aTa
'-IVICTO
npaKTVI'-IeCKa
OOeKTVIBHOCTb,
Cb
CfKll.J,OTO
VlfHOpVIpaHe
Ha
nbpBOHa'-!a11HaTa
apXVITeKTypHa
cj:>opMa, KaKTO MV1Ha11VIT-E noKo11-EHVI51. Bc-EKVI onVITb p,a ce VI300113ysa l.l,bpKsaTa 3a KaKBVITO VI p,a 6VI110
npaKTVI'-IeCKVI
HY}I{AVI
MO}I{e
p,o
p,a p,osep,e
ep,Ha
OTb
p,s-ET-t
Kpai1HOCTVI:
V13B-ECTHVI e11eMeHTVI, KOVITO Be'-le CbCTaB51Tb Hepa3P,-E11Ha '-!aCTb OTb

l.l,bpKBaTa, KaTO Ce 3aM-EH51Tb Cb npo611eMaTVI'-IHVI
MV1Ha110TO, KaTo ce npV16-ErHe
pV1HCKVI51 xapaKTepb Ha
p,o
crpap,aTa.
ep,VIHb
peCTaBpal.l,VIVI,
MOP,epeHb Kbpne}l{b,
VlcKaMe 11VI
V111VI
p,a
ce
YHVIUlO}I{aTb
VICTOpVI'-IeCKOTO CfKW,eCTByBaHe Ha
VI11VI nbKb P,a Ce VI30CTaBVI CbBC-tMb

KOHTO CbBC-EMb 6V1
o6a'-le p,a 3ana3,VIMb
UbpKsaTa
YHVIW,O}I{VI11b cTa-
KaTo
apxVITeKTypeHb
naMeTHVIKb, TO OTb Hay'-IHO rnep,VIw,e MO}I{e p,a ce np-tnopfK'-Ia caMO ep,Ha TBbpp,i:; npocTa nporpaMa:
p,a ce 3ana3VI BCVI'-IKO no Bb3MO}I{HOCTb Bb TOBa n0110}1{eHVIe, Bb KaKBOTO Ce HaMVIpa TO P,HeCb.
T03VI e
nfKTbTb, KOHTO VI 6V1 Tp-E6sa11o
npi:;p,VI BCVI'-IKO Ha HayKaTa.
na ce Vl36epe.
3aw,oTo Cs. Cocj:>VI51
npV1Hap,11e}I{VI
f\
TbKMO
se'-le JIHeCb
~~
I
CnMCbKb Ha o6pa3MTt
06p.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
CTp.
B11HeTKa OTb Cr. 6an}f{OBb .

Cs. Co<jmSf Orb !OroI13TOKb.
Cs. CocjmS! 11 OKOnHOCTbTa 11 npt3b 1878 r.
D.eraiinb orb ctsepHara crtHa Ha UbpKsara
B;y;rptweHb 113rnenb Ha c;y;wara crtHa
D.eraiinb orb anc11nara
113TOLIHara crtHa
ctsepHara crtHa
7
9
06p.
11
12
15
16
17
18
45-46.
47. 3narHa o6tua ..
48. CrbKneH11UI1 ..
49. 4acrl1 orb crpoweHb capKocparb
19
21
24
25
26
27
52-53. KaMeHHI1 capKocpa311 OTb Cs. Co1151
28
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
39
41
43
43
44
44
46
47
47
48
49
50
69
70
71
72
73
73
74
75
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
81
82
82
83
84
84
80 Cpe6bpeHb npbcreHb orb rpo6a
8 .
87
88
89
89
89
90
81. 3nareHb
90
82 . Cpe6bpeHb
12
83
17
19
91
91
91
78.
79. KopnoHb OTb rpo6a 5
84
53
86 Cpe6porbKaHa
87. 6poH30BJ y~<paca
88. Cpe6bpeHb npbcreHb ..
55
59
89.
90.
91. Cpe6bpHa o6tua
51
67
68
54. KaMeHeHb capKocj:>afb

55. rpo6H11UI1 Bb ancl1nara Ha Cs. Co1151
56. rpo6b-KOCTH11Ua Bb c-ncl1nara Ha Cs. Co1151
57. nnocKara rpo6H11ua Ill Bb anc11nara Ha Cs.
Co1151.
58. KaMeHHa nnoLia orb rpo6H11uara Ill
59. rpo6HI1uara Ill np11 OTKp11BaHeTO 11 npt3b
1893 ron . .
60. CTbKneHa Liawa orb rpo6H11uara VII
61. 3naTHa o6tua
X
62. 3narHa sep11}f{Ka ..
63 . 3narHI1 o6i;u11
XI
64. Hannb}f{eHb pa3pi;3b Ha rpo6HI1uara XVI
65. Ct;sepHara cri;Ha
66-67. CrbKneHI1U11 OTb rpo6H11Uan XVI
68. rni1HeHa CTOMH11'1Ka OTb rpo6H11Uara XVI
69. r;y;6eHI1 X0ill1fla
XVIII
70. 3narHa o6t;ua
71 CrbKneHI1Ua
72. rpo6H11UI1 Bb s;y;rptWHOCTbTa Ha Cs. Co1151
73. CrbKneHHua orb rpa6H11uara XXI
74 . CrbKneHO MbHI1CTO OTb rpo6H11uara XXI.
75 . CrbKneH11Ua
XXXII
76. KepaMI1neHb rpo6b Bb ancHnara Ha Cs. Co1151
77. 3nareHb npbcreHb orb rpo6a
4
85. 3narorbKaHa Marep1151 ..
37. Mo3ai1Ka, or1<p11ra npt3b 1893 r. Bb anc11nara

Ha Cs. Co11S1
38. f\px11re1<rypH11 parMeHTI1 orb no-era para UbpKsa
Ha Mtcroro Ha Cs. Co1151
39. nnaHb Ha H1lHCrapara UbpKBa Ha MtCTOTO Ha
Cs. Co1151
40. Mo3ai1Ka oTb CanapescKa 6aHSf .
66
nsep11eTO Ha Cs. Co1151
29
30
61
62
63
64
65
65
50.
51. rpo6H11UI1 Bb ci;sepHOTO 0TiltneHI1e Ha nptn-
9. CtsepHoro crpaH11'lHO orntneHI1e Ha nptnnsep11ero .

10. ileraiinb orb JananHara crtHa
11. B;y;rptwHOCTbTa Ha ubpKsara orb KbMb 3ananb
12.
113TOKb
13. KynonbTb rnenaHb ornont.
14. Ci;sepHoro orni;neHI1e Ha HanptLIHI1Sf Kopa6b
]5. KOHCrpyKUI1Sf Ha CBOilOBerb Bb Hanpi;LIHI1Sf KO
pa6b
16. 10ro-3ananHI1S!Tb nonKynoneHb nl1nacrbpb.
17. Ctsepo-3anailH11S!Tb nonKynoneHb nl1nacrbpb
18. Typc1<11ri; ~<ynroBI1 np11cnoco6neH11S1 Bb UbpKBara
19. 3ananHara H11Wa Bb fO}f{Horo orni;neHI1e Ha
HanptLIHI1Sf KOpa6b
20. J.13rOLIHara HI1Wa Bb ctsepHoro orni;neHI1e Ha
Hanpi;LIH11Sf Kopa6b .
21. Csonb Bb rnaBHI1Sf Kopa6b, rnenaHb ornont .
22. KoHcrpyKU11Sf Ha csonosert Bb rnaBHI1Sf Kopa6b
23. ntBI1S!Tb CTpaHI1'leHb KOpa6b, rnenaHb OTb
113TOKb.
24. UeHrpanHara Liacrb Ha npi;nnsep11ero
25. Cs. Co<jmSt Bb ConyHb, orb 3a nanb
26. Crap11 311ilOBe npi;nb Cs. Co11S1.
27. nnaHb Ha Cs . Cocp11S! cnopenb TopHbOBb
28. Hannb}f{eHb 113rnenb
29. 3ananeHb 113rnenb
30. J.13TOLieHb 113rnenb
31. nnaHb Ha Cs. Cocp11S! Bb Uap11rpanb
32. nnaHb Ha Cs. Cocp11S! Bb ConyHb
33. Cs. Co11S1 Bb Co,lyHb, orb 113TOKb
34. nnaHb Ha Cs. Cocp11S! Bb Oxp11ilb
35. Mo3ai1Ka. or1<p11ra npt3b 1893 r . Bb anc11nara
Ha Cs. Cocp11S!
36. 4acrb orb ropHstra M03ai1Ka Bb Cs. Co11S1 .
CTp.
41. rpo6HI1UI1 Bb ancl1nara Ha Cs. Co1151

42. CrbKneH11UI1 orb HeKponona Ha Cs. Co1151
43-44.
5 .
20
20
92
92
92
21
25
35
39
93
93
93
94
41
*21
CnHCbKb Ha o6pa3HTE
164
------ ---
-
---------------------
CTp.
06p.
92. Cpe6bpeHb npbcTeHb OTb rpo6a 42

93. K:,ceHb rpo6b Ha c-tsepb OTb Cs. CocjmS!
94. Cpe6bpHa o6-tua OTb Cs. CocpHS!
95. 6poH30Bb npbcTeHb OTb Cs. CocpHS!
96. 6pOH30Ba OKa'JaJlKa
97. Cpe6bpeHb npbcTeHb oTb rpo6a 57
98 PHMCKH Hanrpo6eHb naMeTHHKb OTb Cfl. CocpHS!
99. MpS!MOpHa nno4a Cb HannHcb oTb Cs. CocpHS!
100. Cpe6bpeHb npbCTeHb OTb Cs. CocpHS!
101. 6pOH30Bb npbCTeHb
102. CTbKJJeHHua
103. 06Wb BHnb Ha rp06HHUaTa, OTKpHTa npt,3b
1896 ron ..
104. llerafinb OTb csona Ha c;r:.wara rpo6HHua
105. IO}!{HaTa cTtHa Ha c;r:.wara rpo6HHUa
106. Ct,sepHaTa .,
107. HanJJb}!{eHb pa3pt,3b Ha rpo6HHUaTa OTb yn.
rypKO
108. Ct,sepHaTa crt,Ha Ha c;r:.wara rpo6HHua
109. IQ}!{HaTa
110. lleTaHJlb OTb CBOna .,
111. llbnrara crt,Ha Ha rpo6HHuara. orKpHTa npt,3b
1912 r ..
112. VI3T04HaTa crt,Ha Ha c;r:.wara rpo6HHUa
113. Crapara MHTponoJJHS! Bb MeceMBpHS! cnopenb
enHa pHCYHKa OTb 1829 ron.
114. IQ}!{HaTa spara Ha XHcapcKara Kp-bnocrb Bb
94
94
95
95
95
95
97
98
98
98
99
102
102
103
103
104
104
105
105
nnoBJIHBCKO .
113
123
caHnbpb HesCKH.
H3T0Kb.
ct,sepO-J.13TOKb.
ct,sepo-3ananb.
3ananb.
H
3JlaTHH
VI
sepo-3ananb.
6a3HJlHKaTa Cs. J.1JJHS! npH nHpnonb, OTb tOro3ananb.
6a3HJlHKaTa Cs. VIJJHS! npH nHpnonb, OTb ct,sepo-3ananb.
Cs. CocpHS! cnopenb enHa cpororpacpHS! OTb 1892 r.
Cs. Cocpi-15! cnopenb pHcyHKara Ha KaHHUa.
Cs. CocpHS! cnopenb pHcyHKaTa Ha E. f\pHnTb
OTb 1892 ron.
Cs. CocpHS! Cb Ha6ntOnarenHara Kyna .
Cs. CocpHS! cnopenb enHa cpororpacpi-15! OTb 1909 r.
138
139
140
143
158
159
160
161
VI
XIII. 1. PecraspauH51 Ha cpacanara.

2. PecraspaUH51 Ha J.13TO'-!HaTa crpaHa.
XIV. 1. Hanp-t4eHb pa3pt.3b npt,3b npt,nnsepHeTo H
HaJIJlb}!{HHTE KOpa6H.
2. Hanpt.4eHb pa3pt,3b npt,3b Hanpt,4HH51 Kopa6b.
XV. 06wb H3rnenb Ha ropHS!Ta Mo3aJ.1Ka Bb Cs. CocpHS!.
XVI. LJaCTH OTb c;r:.wara M03aHKa.
npbcTeHH
CocpHS!.
IX. VlcropH4eCKH nnaHb Ha Cs. CocpHS!.
X. PecraspHpaHb nnaHb
XI. PecraspauHS! Ha ct.sepHaTa crpaHa.
XII. HanJJb}!{eHb pa3pt.3b.
136
137.
139.
140.
II. Cs. CocpHS! OTb !Orb.

tOroH3TOKb (npt,nH 1900 ron).
III.
KYTHS!
134.
124
125
125
126
126
127
128
129
131
132
132
133
133
134
135
136
137
., OTb ct,-
133.
138.
I. Cs. CocpHS! rnenaHa OTb KaM6aHapHS!Ta Ha f\neK-
VI.
VII.
VIII. Cpe6bpHa
118. 6a3HJlHKa Bb Caranacocb

119. UbpKBa Bb KecrenH
120. nnaHb Ha UbpKBaTa Bb ilHHepb.
121.
. llepef\wH .
122.
., 6a3HJlHKaTa no 3 Bb 6HHb-6HpbKJlHCe
123.
.. 6a3HJJHKaTa Bb KacpbH6HbBapnaHb
124.
.. ubpKsara Bb CeHb-raneHb oTb 830 r.
125. UbpKsa Bb KypwyHJI}!{Y .
126.
CKynH
127.
CHBpH-XHcapb
128
naHarHS! Bb ToMap3a .
129.
Ha Po}!{JleCTBO XpHcroso Bb BHrneeMb
130. Crapara MHTponoJJHS! Bb MeceMBpHS!
131 . ., LJepBeHaTa 4epKBa" npH nepyWHUa, OTb !Orb
132.
., ct.sepb
109
T a 6 n
v.
3yHnb
117. 6a3HJlHKaTa no 32 Bb 6HHb6HpbKJlHCe
135.
106
106
115. nnaHb Ha 6a3HJlHKaTa Bb Kon}!{aKaneCH
IV.
06p.
116. nnaHb Ha UbpKBaTa XpH30KecpaJJOCb Bb Tpane
OTb
Cs.
XVII.
XVIII. 1. LJacTb OTb nonHS!Ta M03aHKa.
2.
ropH51Ta
.,
XIX. rnasHaTa 4aCTb Ha JIOJlHS!Ta M03aHKa.
XX. 1. LJaCTb OTb csona Ha rpo6HHuara XVI.
2. IO}!{HaTa cTtHa
XXI. 1. llerafinb OTb rpo6HHuara XXXIV.
2. lleTaHJlbOTb rp06HHUaTa, OTKpHTa npt,3b 1912 r.
Fl6o6a, 6a3HJlHJ<a 111, 2.

nsopuosa UbpKBa 106, 2.
flna!lHSI, .Ll)f{yMaHIOHb-ll.)f{aMHCH 138, 1. 154.
FIJlHCyMacb, 6a3HilHJ<a 126, 1.
KaHHnenH, 6a3HilHJ<a 126.

KaHHUb, . 10. 117. 160.
aJlTapHO npOCTpaHCTBO, yseJlW!eHHe 121. 126 CJl.

FIHropa (FIHJ<Hpa), Cs. KllHMeHTb 122. 130.
FIHTeMH orb Tpa11ecb 48. 142.
J<BanpareHb cxeMaTH3bMb 110. 133. 141.

Kep'lb, crapoxpHCTHSioHCJ<H rpo6HHUH 103.
KecrellH, UbpJ<sa 126. 130.
apxaHre!lH 102.
apXHTeJ<rypa, BH3aHTHHCJ<a 120 CJl . 141 CJl .
Ma!lOa3HSITCJ<a 122. 127. 129 Cll .
poMaHCJ<a 111. 131-136. 141.
CTapoxpHCTHSIHCJ<a Bb 6b!lrapHS! 140 CJl . 142. 145.
KHapoMaHH , ll)f{HOBaHH 153. 154.

KHeBb, Cs. Co<j>HSI 119.
KllHCe-J<bOH, UbpJ<sa 140.
Kon)f{a-Ka!lecH, 6a3HilHJ<a 122. 125. 126.
6a3HilHJ<a, J<yno!lHa 113. 122-124.

UHMHTepHallHa 53 .
Kpaii!lcxaHMb, r11. BeHepHb

KpbCTb, llaTHHCI<H 1JQ. 121. 130. 131 CJl. 134. 136. 140. 141.
paBHOpaMeHeHb 121.
6aJ<WH'Ib, nerbpb 6ornaHb 118. 144. 152. 153.

6apa6aHb, J<yno!leHb 113.
6eHallHa, .Ll)f{HOBaHH 115.
6eHeTH, fiHTOHH 154.
6HHb-6Hpb-J<JlHCe, 6a3HJlHJ<a no 3: 128.
6a3HilHJ<a no 32: 125. 127. 128. 130.
Kacpb-H6Hb-sapnaHb, 6a3HilHJ<a 122. 128 c11. 130.

J<aTaJ<OM6H HJJ.
KoHcraHTHHb B.e!lHJ<H 115.117. 119. 120. 144.

J<opa6b, Hanp"t'leHb Ill, 1. 125 c11.
KypMeHHHb, lle Xe ne, 152. 156.

KypwyHn )f{y , UbpJ<sa 133.
K10creHil.Hilb , Kp"tnocrb 10, 3. 112. 120.
M03aHJ<a 60.
6orOMHJlb (ilOMHHOHb) 118.
Jle)f{aHl>, l. 160.
6oH<j>HHH , fiHTOHH 118. 119.

60S!Ha, UbpJ<Ba 43.
JleyHJ<JlaBH, J.-1oaHb 119.

JlHnllS!Hb 118.
JlopaHb 139.
JliOJ<aCb, nollb 154.
6ye, FIMH 157. 158.

6i;JlOBO, Ubpi<Ba 141.
BeHepHb <j>oHb Kpaii11cxaiiMb 151.
secrroTH 145.
BHHaposo, Mo3aHJ<a 60.
BHpMOHil.b, rpa<j>b 116. 154.
BHTileeMb, ubpKsa Ha Po)f{necrso XpHcroso 132.
BpaH'IH'Ib 114. 116. 117. 148.
leoprH HosH, cs. ISO.
lep11aXb 148. 150.
lpHrOpOBH'Ib, B. 158.
rb!l.v;6H 102.
MapHaBH'Ib 118.
Mareii, llaM6anapb 150.
MeceMspH51 , crapara MHrpono!lHSI 137 c11 . 140.
MHpa, Cs. HHJ<OilaH 122. 125.
MHcrpa, Cs. Co<j>HSI 119.
M03aHJ<H, pHMCI<H 58 CJl.
MOHeTH, OTb He1<pono11a Ha Cs. Co<j>HSI 96 c11. 104 c11. 107.
MOHOrpaMH XpHCTOBH 70. 71. 72. 102.
HannHCH, aHTH'IHH 64. 65. 97. 98.
Hall.nHCH , CTapo xpHCTHSIHCJ<H 66-68.
HHKeSI, ubpKsa Ycn"tHHe 126. 127. 130.
.LleBHSI, CTapOXpHCTHSIHCI<a rp06HHUa 101, 1.

llepe-FiwH, ubpKsa 122. 125. 127.
HHJ<Oilaeso, pHMCJ<O CbKposHwe 77 .
llepHwBaMb, XaHCb 149.

.Ll)f{HHb-ll.eHpMeHe, Ubpi<Ba 132.
.LlHHepb, UbpJ<Ba 127.
llo6pycJ<H, B 51. 54.
.LlOMHHOHb, rll . 6orOMHJlb.
.LlpHwb, lepapnb KopHellH 116-118. 154- 157.
OpHaMeHTHJ<a, J<bCHOpHMCJ<a 54.
EB!lHSI LJe11e6H 115. 116. 118. 151.

ElleHa, cs. 115. 116.
eMnOpH 111,]. 128.
E<j>ecb, nsoiiHa UbpKsa 126.
nepyLUHUa , LJepseHa 'lepJ<Ba 139. 140.

nHra<j>era, 1-IHTOHH 149.
nHpnonb, Cs. I-111HSI 140.
nll"tBeHb, M03aHJ<a 60.
no11a, CTapoxpHCTHS!HCJ<H Ubpi<BH 60.
npOTH'Ib, fl. 110. 111.
np"tC!laBb, narlleHHa 111, 2.
np-tcna, Cs. FIXHJlb 138, 1.
l-1pe'leJ<b, KoHcraHTHHb 8. 9. 110.

1-1cHnopb orb MHileTb 48. 142.
Ka!la6p1"111, Rocella del Vescovo di Squillace 132.
OCTrOTH 146 .
OxpHna, Cs. Co<j>HSI 48. 119. 129 .
naHJ<paTH, MHTpOnOJlHTb 150 .
nayHH 102 .
nepre, Ubpi<Ba 126, ].
nTHUH , Bb M03aHJ<H 55. 56.
166
PaHMb,
K. 149.
C1-1 HueHIIopcpb 115.

C11p1151 120. 122.
PaM6epnt, 6. 148.
CI151YWb nawa 151. 152.

CKyn11, UbpKBa 133.
P11Mb, KaTaKoM611 101.

Cs. neTbpb 125. 153.
CnoKow11ua, eTapoxp11eTI151Hel<a rpo6H11ua 63.

ConyHb, Cs. Cocp1151 48. 113. 123.
Caranaeoeb, 6a311n111<a 126.

CanoHa, CTapoxp11eTI151HeKI1 rpo611wa 55.
CaMOTpaKI1, xpaMb 125.
CanapeseKa 6aH51, M03a11Ka 60.
Cocp1151, rpaiib
Kpt.noeTHa ert.Ha 8-10.
eTap11 erpaii11 2.
Capii11Ka 118. 152. rn. 11 Cepii11Ka.

Capii11KI1HeKI1 eb6opb 144. 145.
Cs. flneKeaHIIbpb HeseKI1 7. 10.

Cs. reopm 2. 140. 148.
Capii11UI1a 118. rn. Capii11Ka.
Ce. Map11Ha 148. 150.

6aH51 6aw11 Il}f{aMI151 2.
eapKo<jm311, KaMeHHI1 65--69 99
en.
CB. COct:>l-151
pa3KOnKI1 Bb He51 4. 5. 51. 54.
Mt.eTonono}f{eHI1e 7
TypeKI1 KibapM11 7. 159, 4.

M03ai1Ka 60.
en.
o6wo ebeT051HI1e 11.

eTp011TeneHb MaTep11anb 13
61110Kb Il}f{aMI151 2.
MaxMyiib nawa II}f{aMI151 155.
en.
HaYI1Hb Ha rpaiie}f{b 13 en.

TypeKI1 nonpaBKI1 12. 22 en. 28. 35. 36. 39. 40.
MI1Hape 20. 151. 152. 155. 157. 160. 161.
Cocp1151, np11Hueea 115. 116. 117.

CneHeepb, EII. 158.
CnepaHeKI1, M. 110. 161.
MI1M6apb 28. 155, 4. 156, 3.
CTapa-3aropa, M03a11K11 60.

CTp11roBeKI1, H. 122. 128
M11Xpa6b 28. 155,3. 157,1.
exeMaTI13bMb, rn. KBaiipaTeHb.
TypeKI1 Ma311nKI1 32.

ane11IIa 14. 40. 46.
Kynonb 14. 23 en. 112
TeypH1151, M03ai1KI1 60.
TacpepHepb, n. 144. 153. 154.
en. 121. 123 en. 152.
noKp11Bb, eeraweHb 14.

nbpBoHaYaneHb 44.
3aeBOI151BaHe 26
en. 29 en. 34. 42. 46 en. 113. 114, 1.
Hanpt.YeHb Kopa6b 26.

npt.IIIIBepl-!e 35. 40. 42.
TyxneHI1 noeTpoi1KI1 Bb Mana-f\31151 130.

Tyxnl1, Bb Cs. Cocp1151 13 en.
en. 45.
nOIIb, eeraweHb 23.

nbpBOHaYaneHb 43. 112. 147.
IIeKopaTI1BHI1 eneMeHTI1 45.
HI1WI1 28.
npo3opu11 46.
xapaKTepb Ha noCTpoi1KaTa 45.
IIaTC:I 110-114. 123. 143. 146.
eTp011TeneHb nep110Ilb
Tpane3yHIIb, Cs. Cocpi-!51 119.

Xp1130Kecpanoeb 124.
Tp113Il11Ua 119. 144.
130. 134.
cpaeaiia 21
ToMap3a, UbpKsa 133.

TopHbOBb, fl. 44.
Bb TypeKI151 11 nOIIb 23.

Bb noeTap11Tt. erpaii11 52. 55.
Bb rpo6H11U11Tt. 100 en.
TbpHoso, Cs. ll11M11Tbpb 11 Cs. LJeT11p11IIeeeTb 107 3a6. 111,2.
Ynnl1aHa 114. 117. 149.
YHrHaiib, llaBI-!Ilb 149.
I 22. 146.
II 22. 42. 146 en.

III 22. 152.
IV 23. 158.
v 23.
M03ai1KI1 5. 44. 49.50 en. 53-56. S9. 112.144.145.146.
cppeeK<-1 15. 28. 43. 147.
rpbUKI1 Haiinl1eb 27. 147.
MOHeTI1 56 en.
nereHII11 114-120.
TaeHb napaKnl1eb 153 en.
KaTO M11Tpononi1TeKa UbpKBa 2. 147 en.
KaTO MOHaeT11peKa UbpKBa 148,4.
KaTO Op.:K}f{eeHb eKnaiib 3. 149. 150. 161.
KaTo Ha6moiiaTeneHb noeTb 3. 151.
napaKnl1eb Bb IO}f{HI151 Kopa6b 4.
eBOilb, KpbeTaTb 1I1, J. 114. 130 en.
U11ni1Hilp11YeeKI1 114, J. 130.
MOHaempeKI1 114, J. 134.
eBbp3aHa el1eTeMa 134.
CeHb-npi-!eTb 156. 157.
eepii11 2. 118.
Cepii11Ka 2. 10. 117. 118. 144. 146. 149. rn. 11 Capll11Ka.
C11sp11 X11eapb, UbpKsa 133.
ei1MBOni1Ka, eTapoxp11eTI-!51HeKa 60. 103.
ct:>aeaiii1, Manoa31151Tel<l1 127

e11p11i1e1<11 128.
en.
cppeeKI1, Bb eTapoXp11eTY!51Hel<l1 rpo6H11UI1 78
en. 82. 84.
86. 88. 101 en.

X11epanon11eb, xpaMb 125.
X11eapb, 6a311n111<a 52. 138 en. 140. 142.
Kpt.noeTb 10,3. 13,1. 14,1. 44. 112. 120.
XYHI1 10,3. 146.
Uap11rpaiib, Cs. Hp11Ha 123.
Cs. Cocp1151 47
en. 113. 114. 115. 116.119.120.123.
124. 142. I49.

EH11 II}f{aMI-!51 115.
UeHb, KaTap11Ha 149.
LJenei1a, M03ai1Ka 60.
Wsai1repb,
C. 115. 148.
illMI1Tb, T. 139.
!OpMe, UbpKBa 122. 125.
!OemH11aHb 10,3. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 146.
!OeT11Hb II 116.117.
I04bilHaKb, IIBOHHa UbpKBa 130.
---
--
t;lj
0
0
0
.--3
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f-3
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YlCTopH'leCt<H nnaHb Ha Cs. Coqm11.
.CaLoUJI1R~
li:f~ } j(J
\p 0 f>H11UM.
f'S?l
CrbHn
nocTPOiiHn OPb,l.l,b L(bPHIIAlA
u:.:::::J
T:~PCHn nocr P011Hn
'L=:J
HA11- Hbr.HI1
nPb)ln ..
Cs.Comnlf
r.TbH"
ug12J.
nto
n0
-B::s:
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o+
Ill
(1)
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tll
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tll
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n
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=
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-o
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n
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c
Ta6n. XIII.
Cs. Cocjm51.
1. PecraspauH5l Ha <jJacanara Ha Cs. Co <jJH5l .
2. PecraspauH5l Ha H3T04 Hara crpaHa Ha Cs. Co<jJH5l.
Ta6n. XIV.
Cs. Cocp115!.
- ~- - ---,
a
I. Hanpt'1eHb pa3p"t3b Ha Cs.
Cocjm~:
a) nptJb nptnnsep~eTo , 6) npt Jb Hannb>t<H~Tt Kopa6~.
2. Hanpt'1eHb pa3p"t3b nptJb
Hanpt'1H~51
Kopa6b Ha Cs.
Cocjm~.
Cs. Cocp11SJ.
Ta6n. XV.
l
., l~
~
.
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06lUo H3fJJeUb Ha rop mna M03aHKa Bb CB. CocjJHS!.

Bogdan Filov, Sofiiskata Curkva Sveta Sofia, Sofiiska Carska Pridvorna Pechatnica 1913

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Bogdan Filov, Sofiiskata Curkva Sveta Sofia, Sofiiska Carska Pridvorna Pechatnica 1913

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Mf\TEPVIf\nvt 3f\ VICTOPVI5iTf\ Hf\ CO<:PVI5i

5orLif\Hb II. <:Pvtnosb

Cb 140 06PF\3F\ Bb TEK.CTf\ 1-1 21 TF\6nl-1Ul-1

- ~ VI3.Uf\Bf\ CO<PVIHCKOTO f\PXEOnOrvt4ECKO .UPY>K.ECTBO

Co11st, UapCKa np11llBOpHa ne'!anmua, 1913.

KO~To noi<a3axa KbMb He51 Ha.o,ne}I{HI1Ti:. KpJKrose y HaCb. Oco6Ho ront.Ma

I<O~TO .o,a OTrosap51

KH11}1{HI1Ha 3a npbBb nJKTb ce

WeHCTByBaHI151Ta Ha CbBpi:.MeHaTa ne4aTapci<a TeXH11J<a.

nOCT11rHe no-roni:.Ma 51CHOTa 11 T04HOCTb. f\1<0 Bbnpi:.K11 TOBa

CTaTbLJ,I1, 3a 1<011TO CaMb aBTOpbTb Ha~-MHOfO Cb}l{an51Ba, He MO}I{aXa .o,a ce 1136i:.rHaTb,

HaCb n11ncsaTb owe Heo6xoni1M11Ti:.

611xa 611n11 Bb CbCT051HI1e .o,a 3a.O,OBOn51Tb TBbp.o,t, np11.0,11p411BI1n BI<YCOBe.

f<aKTO 11 .o,st.Tt. CKI1UI1 Bb Tei<cTa o6p.

OT f:. apXv!Tei<Ta f\T . .QOHI<OBb, I<O~TO np051811 TBbp.O,t

CJK 113pa6oTeH11 no MOI1 yi<a3aHI151

pc:,SoTa H sno}l{l1 Bb He51 roni:.Mb TPY.O.b 11 CTapaHI1e. Op11r11HanH11Ti:. peeTaspau,1111 CJK

11 CJ!\. HaManeHI1 np11 penpo.o,yKLJ,1151Ta

nJKTI1. np11 113pa-

Ha Kn11WeTaTa o6a4e Mawa6bTb He e MOrbnb na 6JK.o,e cna3eHb CbBdMb

T04HO, BCJli:..O,CTBI1e Ha I<OeTO, 3a yCTaH0851BaHeTO Ha nt~CTBI1TenHI1Ti:.

rJ,a ce npHt-trHe 11 .o,o na.o,eHI1Ti:. Bb Tei<cTa yi<a3aHI151.

... Ha M03ai1KI1Ti:. 11 <PpecJ<I1Ti:., Bb3npo113Be.o,eHI1 Ha Ta6n.

Cfr,lUaTa CTpaHI1Ua OTb

Hall30pb OTb XY.O,O}I{-

HHKa f\~. reopr11eBb, I<O~TO 11 Bb T051 cny4a~ noi<a3a CBO~CTBeHaTa

rocno,o,a l-13Ka3saMb M051Ta 6naro,o,apHOCTb 3a

MY! yKa3axa 1-1 4pt,3b KOeTo ,o,onpY!Hecoxa 3Ha4Y!TenHo 3a xy,o,o>t<eCTseHOTO l-13,0,aHY!e Ha

CTsysaxb nopa,o,l-1 OCKi'K,[I,HOCTb Ha CbOTSt,THa nY!TepaTypa Sb COcpY!HCKY!Tt, 6!-16nY!OTeKY!.

HaY!CTY!Ha, cTapY!n n;r;.TeweCTseHY!Ul-1 npt,3b 6anKaHCKI-151 nonyoCTposb c;r;. 3aCTEKneHYI

cpasHY!TenHO ,[I,OCTa ,o,o6pt, Sb Hapo,o,HaTa 6!-16nY!OTeKa. npl-1

CTasa ,o,yMa ,O,a>t<e 1-1 3a e.11Ha OTHOCY!TenHa nbnHOTa Sb TOSa OTHOWeHY!e.

naKb TSbp,o,t, none3Ha,

pa60TY! ,o,a 6i:,xb npY!Hy,o,eHb ,o,a npY!-

4e TOH He e Y!Manb Sb3MO>t<HOCTb ,o,a l-13non3ysa

,o,pyro Cb4Y!HeHY!e Sbpxy SbnpOCY!Tt,, KOY!TO Ci'K 3acerHaTYI Sb HaCT051WaTa KHY!ra.

Cocp!-151, 12 cemeMsp!-1 1912 ro,o,.

Voir le resume franrais

CerarnHOTO CbCTOHHHe ua UbpKBaTa.

no-CTapu crpaau Ha Mi>CTOTO Ha CB. Colf>nH .

HeKpononbTb Ha UbpKBaTa Ca. Colf>IIH

5. 06wb xapa!<repb 11 Aara Ha HeKponona

)J,arara Ha Cs. CocpHS!

nereHA11 3a CbrpaH<AaHeTO Ha Cs. Cocp11S1

Cs. Co1151 11 U,bp!<OBHara apx11Te1<rypa Bb Mana-f\31151.

Cs. Co1151 11 poMaHCKara u,bp!<OBHa apx11Te1<rypa

1. Cs. Co1151 AO o6pbWaHero H Bb AH<aMI1SI .

KOYITO Y!MaTb CTapY!HeHb xapat<Tepb.

5bp30TO HapaCTBaHe Ha rpaAa cntAb OCB060H<AeHYieTO, HOBY!Tt Yl pa3H006pa3HYI HYH<AYI,

At51TenHOCTb, K051TO eABa CMOrBa

6e30rneAHaTa TbprOBCKa CneKylla Cb HOBYITt 3AaHYI51 , KOYITO nptAYI BCYIYKO e

Tpt6sano Aa 6~AaTb eTeHYI, 6e3b Aa ce rneAa Ha TtxHaTa KoMopTHOCTb 11 ecTeTYIYeCKa o6CTaHOBKa \

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