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Map of study area KEY Location 1: Iyi Achara Stream Location 2: Imo River Location 3: Mixture (confluence point) Location 4: Factory Effluent
Source publication
The levels of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylybenzene and Xylenes (BTEX) in spills, effluents, water and soil samples in and around an alkyd resin and lubricants production factory located in a sub urban area of south eastern Nigeria were determined using gas chromatograph/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). Effluents and spills samples were collected inside the fa...
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Pseudomonas putida strain (HM346961) was isolated from a consortium of bacteria acclimatized to unleaded gasoline-contaminated water. The consortium can efficiently remove benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) isomers, and a similar capability was observed with the P. putida strain. Proteome of this strain showed certain similarities wit...
Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX) are one of the most problematic groundwater contaminants due to their high solubility and health effects, which include cancer. Granular dead activated sludge (GDAS) was investigation as a sorbent material for removing BTEX contamination from aqueous solution. Equilibrium batch tests reveal that th...
The study describes the qualitative and quantitative analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) in the ambient air based on chemical desorption with a less toxic solvent followed by gas-chromatography combined mass-spectroscopy (GC-MS). The analytical procedure was modified OSHA's method in the sampling procedure, the toxic extractio...
The main problems of contamination by gasoline are related to the existence of mono-aromatic hydrocarbons named BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes), which easily moves through groundwater and expands the contamination plume, and effects the human health[1]; and by diesel fuel due to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (P...
Citations
... MAHs are often reported in water and wastewater [51] and are known as toxic chemicals [52]. BTEX concentrations reported in effluents, spills, and top soil were up to 1.5 mg/kg (mg/dm 3 for liquid samples) [53]. ...
The Arieş River (Western Romania) represents one of the most important affluents of the Mureş River, with great significance in the Mureş Tisza basin. The environmental quality of the Arieş basin is significantly affected by both historic mining activities and contemporary impacts. Thus, an evaluation of the effects of the main contaminants found in water (organochlorine pesticides—OCPs, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons—MAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons—PAHs, and metals) on cyanobacteria and plants was performed. Among OCPs, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and derivatives were detected in plants while admissible concentrations were detected in water. Among MAHs, high levels of benzene were detected both in water and in plants. The levels of PAHs exceeded the allowable values in all samples. Increased concentrations of metals in water were found only at Baia de Arieş, but in plants, all metal concentrations were high. The pH, nitrates, nitrites, and phosphates, as well as metals, pesticides, and aromatic hydrocarbons, influenced the physiological characteristics of algae, test plants, and aquatic plants exposed to various compounds dissolved in water. Considering that the Arieş River basin is the site of intense past mining activities, these data provide information about the impact on water quality as a consequence of pollution events.
... The water samples can be regarded as unfit for drinking without treatment since mean benzene levels were greater than or equal to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017) guideline value for benzene in drinking water (0.01 mg/L). BTEX is a widespread environmental pollutant, and low levels in surface water can be attributed to high diffusivity, microbial degradation, and sediment sorption (Ukoha et al., 2015). Ugbe (2012) collected water samples from Jones Creek, Western Niger Delta and observed that BTEX was not detected while Ukoha et al. (2015) analysed BTEX in water samples collected from two waterbodies receiving industrial effluents from an alkyl resin factory in South Eastern Nigeria and found concentrations to be less than 0.03 mg/L in all the samples. ...
... BTEX is a widespread environmental pollutant, and low levels in surface water can be attributed to high diffusivity, microbial degradation, and sediment sorption (Ukoha et al., 2015). Ugbe (2012) collected water samples from Jones Creek, Western Niger Delta and observed that BTEX was not detected while Ukoha et al. (2015) analysed BTEX in water samples collected from two waterbodies receiving industrial effluents from an alkyl resin factory in South Eastern Nigeria and found concentrations to be less than 0.03 mg/L in all the samples. Tables 4 and 5 show other physicochemical parameters of water samples for both seasons. ...
This study investigated the heavy metal and hydrocarbon pollution status of Orashi River in four communities of Imo and Anambra States of Nigeria. Water and fish (Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus) samples were collected from the river in the dry and wet seasons. Hydrocarbon and physicochemical parameters were determined in water with standard methods. Water and fish muscles were digested and analysed for metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results of analyses indicated hydrocarbon pollution. Hardness, alkalinity, nitrate, chloride, phosphate, and sulphate were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in wet season samples. Arsenic was undetected in water samples, but higher cadmium and iron concentrations were recorded in the wet season samples. Lead concentrations in the wet season were higher at some sites than the World Health Organization guideline. Arsenic was detected in Clarias at three sites in both seasons, but iron concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of other metals. Lead concentrations in Clarias gariepinus were lower than the Codex limit (0.3 mg/kg) except in the muscle samples from four sites. Arsenic was undetected in Oreochromis niloticus muscle samples but concentrations for lead (0.851 ± 0.203–8.604 ± 1.264 mg/kg (dry season) and 0.627 ± 0.035–9.364 ± 0.786 mg/kg (wet season)) exceeded the Codex limits in all samples. Health risk indices for the species indicated potential risk to the population from the consumption of Oreochromis niloticus. However, hazard index and target carcinogenic risk values indicate that people in the communities do not face significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from cadmium and lead intake by consuming the fish species.
... The observed ƩMAHs concentrations were higher than the concentrations reported for soils around automobile mechanic workshop and lubricant production plants [25,26]. The individual and ƩMAHs concentrations were below the MO intervention threshold range of 2,000-100,000 µg kg -1 and the DPR-EGASPIN intervention value of 246,000 µg kg -1 [27,28]. ...
... The concentrations of Ʃ BTEX were higher than other reported studies from anthropogenic soils. For example, Biose and Ogbewi (2011) reported the BTEX concentration range of ND to 0.01 mg kg À1 in soils of auto mechanic workshops, Ukoha et al. (2015) found Ʃ BTEX concentration of 3.77 mg kg À1 in the soil around alkyl resin and lubricant production plant. The individual and Ʃ BTEX concentrations are within the MO intervention value of 2-100 mg kg À1 and below the DPR intervention threshold of 246 mg kg À1 , (DPR-EGASPIN, 2002;MO, 1997;Cocarjta et al., 2017), suggesting that soils within the sites are moderately polluted with BTEX. ...
This study determined the background occurrence, origin, and human health risk of priority mono-aromatics in soil samples around diesel-powered electricity generators from selected land use environments in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected in a 20 ml vial containing 5 ml of methanol and caped with a crimp. The BTEX species were determined with a Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (HS-GCMS). The mean concentration of ƩBTEX ranged from 0.04 to 2.42 mg kg⁻¹ and was considerably higher in 56% of the sites. The individual and ƩBTEX concentrations are within the Ministry Order (MO) intervention threshold and below the Department of Petroleum Resources-Environmental guidelines and standards for the petroleum industry in Nigeria (DPR-EGASPIN) intervention values. The source analysis indicates that BTEX compounds originated from a common source attributed to gasoline-diesel combustion exhaust, storage, other stationary sources, and fuel evaporative losses from fuel service stations around the gasoline/diesel combustion electricity generator. The hazard index for infants' in 66% of the sites was higher than 1, suggesting adverse non-carcinogenic health effects. The cancer ingestion and dermal exposure risk for infants were greater than that of adults. This study has shown that the diesel-powered electricity generator has impacted considerable concentrations of ƩBTEX in the land-use sites. The agency for power and energy should ensure regular public electricity supply, while the use of solar panels as an alternative source of electric energy should be encouraged. Further study on the occurrence of other priority contaminants in indoor and outdoor environments should be determined in the land-use sites.
