Toyohaite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Toyohaite
Formula:
Ag1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4
Colour:
Gray-brown
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
7.25 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named after its discovery locality, Toyoha Mine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4004
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4004:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
0d320cfb-1526-47e9-822f-35dfec69a04e
IMA Classification of Toyohaite
Approved
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
Approval year:
1989
First published:
1991
Approval history:
Redefined by IMA as Ag1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4 (Bosi et al., 2019).
Classification of Toyohaite
2.DA.10
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4
2.10.3.2
2 : SULFIDES
10 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:4
2 : SULFIDES
10 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:4
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| To | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| To | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Toyohaite
Optical Data of Toyohaite
Anisotropism:
Distinct to strong, greenish gray to reddish brown
Bireflectance:
Very weak
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 480nm | 23.5% | 24.3% |
| 546nm | 24.1% | 26.1% |
| 589nm | 24.7% | 26.4% |
| 650nm | 26.5% | 28.3% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 28.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Brownish grey
Internal Reflections:
None
Chemistry of Toyohaite
Mindat Formula:
Ag1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Cu,Zn,Cd
Crystallography of Toyohaite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/m - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I41/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.464(3) Å, c = 10.80(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.447
Unit Cell V:
601.68 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Tiny grains.
Twinning:
Twinning is recognized under high magnification.
Comment:
Original description; space group assumed by comparison to rhodostannite.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.49 Å | (100) |
| 3.22 Å | (80) |
| 1.989 Å | (60) |
| 1.955 Å | (60) |
| 3.63 Å | (50) |
| 2.93 Å | (50) |
| 2.86 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Toyohaite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Aggregates of small crystals whose individual grain size ranges from 1 to 30 µm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Geology Museum, Geological Survey of Japan.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Silver-lead-zinc deposit in hydrothermally altered volcanic, pyroclastic and sedimentary rocks.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Yajima, J., Ohta, E., Kanazawa, Y. (1991) Toyohaite, Ag2FeSn3S8, a new mineral. Mineralogical Journal: 15: 222-232.
Synonyms of Toyohaite
Other Language Names for Toyohaite
Relationship of Toyohaite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Carrollite | CuCo2S4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
| Cuproiridsite | (Cu,Fe)Ir2S4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
| Cuprokalininite | CuCr2S4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
| Ezochiite | Cu+(Rh3+Pt4+)S4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
| Fletcherite | CuNi2S4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
| Florensovite | (Cu,Zn)Cr1.5Sb0.5S4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
| Malanite | Cu1+(Ir3+Pt4+)S4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
| Rhodostannite | Cu1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4 | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
| Unnamed (Fe3+-analogue of Fletcherite) | Cu(Fe3+,Ni,Co)2S4 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 14 photos of Toyohaite associated with Franckeite | Fe2+(Pb,Sn2+)6Sn4+2Sb2S14 |
| 2 photos of Toyohaite associated with Pirquitasite | Ag2ZnSnS4 |
| 2 photos of Toyohaite associated with Hocartite-Pirquitasite Series | |
| 1 photo of Toyohaite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.DA. | Zaykovite | Rh3Se4 |
| 2.DA. | Grimmite | NiCo2S4 |
| 2.DA. | Zolenskyite | FeCr2S4 |
| 2.DA. | Ezochiite | Cu+(Rh3+Pt4+)S4 |
| 2.DA. | Ferrodimolybdenite | FeMo2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Bornhardtite | Co2+Co3+2Se4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Carrollite | CuCo2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Cuproiridsite | (Cu,Fe)Ir2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Cuprorhodsite | (Cu1+0.5Fe3+0.5)Rh3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Daubréelite | Fe2+Cr3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Fletcherite | CuNi2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Florensovite | (Cu,Zn)Cr1.5Sb0.5S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Greigite | Fe2+Fe3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Indite | FeIn2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Kalininite | ZnCr2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Linnaeite | Co2+Co3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Malanite | Cu1+(Ir3+Pt4+)S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Polydymite | Ni2+Ni3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Siegenite | CoNi2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Trüstedtite | Ni3Se4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Tyrrellite | Cu(Co3+,Ni3+)2Se4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Violarite | Fe2+Ni3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Xingzhongite | Pb2+Ir3+2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Cadmoindite | CdIn2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Cuprokalininite | CuCr2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Joegoldsteinite | MnCr2S4 |
| 2.DA.05 | Nickeltyrrellite | CuNi2Se4 |
| 2.DA.10 | Rhodostannite | Cu1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4 |
| 2.DA.15 | Brezinaite | Cr3S4 |
| 2.DA.15 | Heideite | (Fe,Cr)1.15(Ti,Fe)2S4 |
| 2.DA.20 | Inaglyite | Cu3Pb(Ir,Pt)8S16 |
| 2.DA.20 | Konderite | Cu3Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)8S16 |
| 2.DA.25 | Kingstonite | (Rh,Ir,Pt)3S4 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Toyohaite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4004.html
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External Links:
References for Toyohaite
Reference List:
Localities for Toyohaite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) |
| DE BRODTKORB +1 other reference |
| Paar et al. (2000) |
Japan (TL) | |
| Min. Jour. (Japan) +1 other reference |
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Oploca Vein System, San Miguel Open pit, Pirquitas Mine, Mina Pirquitas, Rinconada Department, Jujuy Province, Argentina