Polysemy, 120: and Etymology, 60: English “accelerate, acceleration” Polysemy, 121: Spanish “adehala, adelantado” Portuguese “acocorar-se, açodar, acoitar, açoitar”
These two related words in English, “accelerate” and “acceleration” have 5 and 3 senses respectively as well as their etymology.
accelerate
1) (intransitive verb) move faster, gain speed: The number of hurricanes has accelerated in the last ten years.
2) (intransitive verb) progress from grade to grade more rapidly than usual: She accelerated to her senior year at 14 years old.
3) (transitive verb) bring about an earlier time: The anticipated arrival of the hurricane accelerated the departure of the cruise ship.
4) (transitive verb) to cause to move faster: She accelerated her steps so she would not arrive late.
5) (transitive verb) hasten the progress or development of: They accelerated their efforts to produce the vaccinations ASAP.
First known use was in 1522 and that was in the sense found in number 3 above.
History and Etymology: borrowed from Latin "acceleraturs, past participle of "accelerare" to add speed to, hast the occurrence of, go quickly," from AD + "celerare" "to hasten" verbal derivative of "celer" "swift, speedy". This potentially came from "keli-li-/ri", derivative from the Indo-European base of Greek "Kélomai, kelésthai" "urge, exhort" "kelet, Kéles, Kéles "swoft horse, charger"
acceleration
1) the act or process of moving faster or happening more quickly: the acceleration of the GDP
2) ability to accelerate: Electric cars had the ability good acceleration in comparison to gas guzzlers/
3) In physics, the rate of change of velocity with regard to time
History and Etymology
The first known use in sense 1 above was in the 15th century.
It was borrowed from Anglo-French "acceleratiun" and Latin "acceleration" and "acceleratio", from "accelerare"
The two Spanish words that follow, “adehala” and “adelantado”, have 2 and 17 senses respectively.
adehala
1) tip, gratuity; 2) bonus, work bonus
adelantado
1) adelantado, avanzado: advanced un cantante avanzado que detaca a temprana edad: a precocious singer at an early age
2) adelantado, acelerado: fast, fast-paced
3) adelantado, pagado por adelantado: upfront, up-front, advance: alquiler cobrado por adelantado: rent collected in advance
4) descuento por adelantado: unearned discount
5) gasto pagado por adelantado: prepaid expenses
6) haber adelantado mucho: have come a long way
7) indicador adelantado: leading indicator
8) muy adelantado: far ahead
9) pagaré con opción de pago adelantado: acceleration note
10) países menos adelantados: least advanced countries
11) pedido por adelantado: preorder
12) reintegro por adelantado: advance refunding
13) suponer por adelantado: beg the question
14) vistazo por adelantado: sneak preview
15) [sports] pase adelantado: forward pass
16) adelantado por su época: ahead of his or her time
17) el reloj está adelantado: the clock or watch is fast
The 4 Portuguese verbs that follow are “acocorar-se, açodar, acoitar, açoitar” and have 2, 3, 3, and 4 senses respectively.
acocorar-se
1) pôr-se de cócoras: squat; o rapaz se acocorava quinze minutos cada dia para reduzir a pança: the guy would squat fifteen minutes every day to reduce his potbelly.
2) rebaixar-se: back down; A Ucrânia não se pode acocorar diante da agressão da Rusia: Ukraine cannot back down in light of Russia's aggression.
açodar
1) instigar: stir up as rebeliões só açodaram os ánimos: the rebellions just stirred up people's emotions
2) appresar: urge on
3) açular: incite
acoitar
1) acolher: shelter
2) proteger: protect
3) esconder: hide
açoitar
1) açoitar um cavalo, fustigar um cavalo: whip a horse
2) açoitar um escravo: flog a slave
3) açoitar a casa, sacudir a casa: batter the house
4) o furação que açoutou Fort Myers, a furação que devastou Fort Myers: the hurricane that devastated Fort Myers
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