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Abdicar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to abdicate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for abdicar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to abdicate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | abdicar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está abdicando) and past continuous (estaba abdicando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. abdicating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he abdicado and hubiera abdicado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have abdicated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | abdicando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | abdicado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I abdicate” or “they abdicate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abdico |
| Tú | abdicas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abdica |
| Nosotros / as | abdicamos |
| Vosotros / as | abdicáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abdican |
| Vos | abdicás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I abdicated” or “she abdicated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abdiqué | I abdicated |
| Tú | abdicaste | You abdicated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abdicó | He / she / you abdicated |
| Nosotros / as | abdicamos | We abdicated |
| Vosotros / as | abdicasteis | You abdicated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abdicaron | They / you abdicated |
| Vos | abdicaste | You abdicated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was abdicating” or “she was abdicating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abdicaba | I was abdicating |
| Tú | abdicabas | You were abdicating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abdicaba | He was / she was / you were abdicating |
| Nosotros / as | abdicábamos | We were abdicating |
| Vosotros / as | abdicabais | You were abdicating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abdicaban | They / you were abdicating |
| Vos | abdicabas | You were abdicating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have abdicated” and “she has abdicated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he abdicado | I have abdicated |
| Tú | has abdicado | You have abdicated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha abdicado | He has / she has / you have abdicated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos abdicado | We have abdicated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis abdicado | You have abdicated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han abdicado | They / you have abdicated |
| Vos | has abdicado | You have abdicated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would abdicate” or “she would abdicate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abdicaría | I would abdicate |
| Tú | abdicarías | You would abdicate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abdicaría | He / she / you would abdicate |
| Nosotros / as | abdicaríamos | We would abdicate |
| Vosotros / as | abdicaríais | You would abdicate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abdicarían | They / you would abdicate |
| Vos | abdicarías | You would abdicate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will abdicate” or “they will abdicate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a abdicar” means “They are going to abdicate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abdicaré | I will abdicate |
| Tú | abdicarás | You will abdicate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abdicará | He / she / you will abdicate |
| Nosotros / as | abdicaremos | We will abdicate |
| Vosotros / as | abdicaréis | You will abdicate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abdicarán | They / you will abdicate |
| Vos | abdicarás | You will abdicate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abdique |
| Tú | abdiques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abdique |
| Nosotros / as | abdiquemos |
| Vosotros / as | abdiquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abdiquen |
| Vos | abdiques |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | abdicara | abdicase |
| Tú | abdicaras | abdicase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abdicara | abdicase |
| Nosotros / as | abdicáramos | abdicásemos |
| Vosotros / as | abdicarais | abdicaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abdicaran | abdicasen |
| Vos | abdicaras | abdicase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | abdicare |
| Tú | abdicares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abdicare |
| Nosotros / as | abdicáremos |
| Vosotros / as | abdicareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abdicaren |
| Vos | abdicares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “abdicate!” and “don’t abdicate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | abdica | no abdiques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | abdique | no abdique |
| Nosotros / as | abdiquemos | no abdiquemos |
| Vosotros / as | abdicad | no abdiquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | abdiquen | no abdiquen |
| Vos | abdicá | no abdiques |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya abdicado |
| Tú | hayas abdicado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya abdicado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos abdicado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis abdicado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan abdicado |
| Vos | hayas abdicado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera abdicado / hubiese abdicado |
| Tú | hubieras abdicado / hubieses abdicado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera abdicado / hubiese abdicado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos abdicado / hubiésemos abdicado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais abdicado / hubieseis abdicado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran abdicado / hubiesen abdicado |
| Vos | hubieras abdicado / hubieses abdicado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere abdicado |
| Tú | hubieres abdicado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere abdicado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos abdicado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis abdicado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren abdicado |
| Vos | hubieres abdicado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté abdicando |
| Tú | estés abdicando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté abdicando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos abdicando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis abdicando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén abdicando |
| Vos | estés abdicando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera abdicando / estuviese abdicando |
| Tú | estuvieras abdicando / estuvieses abdicando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera abdicando / estuviese abdicando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos abdicando / estuviésamos abdicando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais abdicando / estuvieseis abdicando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera abdicando / estuviese abdicando |
| Vos | estuvieras abdicando / estuvieses abdicando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere abdicando |
| Tú | estuvieres abdicando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere abdicando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos abdicando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis abdicando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere abdicando |
| Vos | estuvieres abdicando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos abdicás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos abdicaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos abdicabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos abdicarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos abdicarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos abdiques |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos abdicaras / Vos abdicase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos abdicá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no abdiques |