Abstract
During seed development, plant hormones are involved in processes such as the accumulation of reserves, cellular activity and physiological responses. The present study aimed to analyze levels of abscisic acid, gibberellins, auxins, salicylic acid and their role in the physiological responses during development of A. angustifolia seeds in two years of production. Seeds were collected in the stages cotyledonary, II, III and IV during 2 years and submitted to germination, tetrazolium and electrical conductivity tests. The embryonic axes and cotyledons were extracted from the seeds and submitted to hormones analyses. The results demonstrated that environmental conditions during development affected the time when seeds reached physiological maturity and hormone levels. In 2015, seed development occurred under conditions of lower rainfall, cold hours and insolation, providing the formation of larger seeds, favoring a higher abscisic acid synthesis and accumulation, anticipating/shortening seed maturation. The results highlight the antagonistic relationship between abscisic acid and auxins, which acts as a regulatory factor for faster germination. In conclusion, changes in the levels of abscisic acid, gibberellins, auxins, salicylic acid and their role in physiological responses during seed development are linked to climatic conditions during maturation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Araldi CG, Coelho CMM (2015) Establishment of post-harvest early-developmental categories for viability maintenance of Araucaria angustifolia seeds. Acta Bot Brasilica 29:524–531. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062015abb0061
Astarita LV, Guerra MP (1998) Early somatic embryogenesis in Araucaria angustifolia – induction and maintenance of embryonal-suspensor mass culture. Rev Bras Fisiol Veg 10:113–118
Astarita LV, Floh EIS, Handro W (2003) Changes in IAA, tryptophan and activity of soluble peroxidase associated with zygotic embryogenesis in Araucaria angustifolia (Brazilian pine). Plant Growth Regul 39:113–118. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022542618945
Berjak P, Pammenter NW (2002) Orthodox and recalcitrant seeds. Chapter 4. In: Vozzo J (ed) Tropical tree seed handbook. USDA, Washington, pp 137–147
Bewley JD, Bradford K, Hilhorst H, Nonogaki H (2013) Seeds: physiology of development, germination and dormancy. Springer, New York
Borisjuk L, Rolletschek H, Radchuk R et al (2004) Seed development and differentiation: a role for metabolic regulation. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 6:375–386. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-817908
BRASIL (2009) Regras para análise de sementes. MAPA/ACS, Brasília-DF
Caccere R, Teixeira SP, Centeno DC et al (2013) Metabolic and structural changes during early maturation of Inga vera seeds are consistent with the lack of a desiccation phase. J Plant Physiol 170:791–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2013.01.002
Caçola AV, do Amarante CVT, Fleig FD, Mota CS (2006) Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze submetidas a diferentes condições de armazenamento e a escarificação. Ciência Florest 16:391–398
Chiwocha S, Von Aderkas P (2002) Endogenous levels of free and conjugated forms of auxin, cytokinins and abscisic acid during seed development in Douglas fir. Plant Growth Regul 36:191–200. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016522422983
Delahaie J, Hundertmark M, Bove J et al (2013) LEA polypeptide profiling of recalcitrant and orthodox legume seeds reveals ABI3-regulated LEA protein abundance linked to desiccation tolerance. J Exp Bot 64:4559–4573. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert274
Duarte LS, Dillenburg LR, Rosa LMG (2002) Assessing the role of light availability in the regeneration of Araucaria angustifolia (Araucariaceae). Aust J Bot 50(6):741–751. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT02027
Eira MTS, Salomão AN, Cunha R, da et al (1994) Efeito do teor de água sobre a germinação de sementes de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze.—Araucariaceae. Rev Bras Sementes 16:71–75
EPAGRI/CIRAM (2017) Atlas climatológico do estado de Santa Catarina. http://www.ciram.epagri.rct-sc.br
Farias-Soares FL, Burrieza HP, Steiner N et al (2013) Immunoanalysis of dehydrins in Araucaria angustifolia embryos. Protoplasma 250:911–918. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-012-0474-7
Farnsworth E (2004) Hormones and shiftlng ecology throughout plant development. Ecology 85:5–15. https://doi.org/10.1890/02-655
Farrant JM, Pammenter NW, Berjak P et al (1996) Presence of dehydrin-like proteins and levels of abscisic acid in recalcitrant (desiccation sensitive) seeds may be related to habitat. Seed Sci Res 6:175–182. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258500003238
Farroq M, Hussain M, Wahid A, Siddique KHM (2012) Drought stress in plants: an overview. In: Aroca R (ed) Plant responses to drought stress: from morphological to molecular features. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–33
Finch-Savage WE, Farrant JM (1997) The development of desiccation-sensitive seeds in Quercus robur L.: Reserve accumulation and plant growth regulators. Seed Sci Res 7:35–39
Finkelstein RR, Gampala SSL, Rock CD (2002) Abscisic acid signaling in seeds and seedlings. Plant Cell 14 Suppl:S15–S45. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.010441.would
Garcia C, Shibata M, Coelho CMM et al (2012) Alterações no perfil proteico em sementes de Araucaria angustifolia durante a maturação e sua relação com a viabilidade. Magistra 24:263–270
Garcia C, Coelho CMM, Maraschin M, Oliveira LM (2014) Conservação da viabilidade e vigor de sementes de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze durante o armazenamento. Ciência Florest 24:857–867. https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509816586
Gasparin E, Faria JMR, José AC, Hilhorst HWM (2017) Physiological and ultrastructural responses during drying of recalcitrant seeds of Araucaria angustifolia. Seed Sci Technol 45:112–129. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2017.45.1.01
Hennipman HS, dos Santos Á, Vieira ESN, Auer CG (2017) Sanitary and physiological quality of Araucaria seeds during storage. Ciência Florestal St Maria 27:643–654
Hoekstra FA, Golovina EA, Buitink J (2001) Mechanisms of plant desiccation tolerance. Trends Plant Sci 6:431–438
IUCN (2018) The IUCN red list of threatened species. In: Version 2018-1. www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 20 Jul 2018
Khan MIR, Fatma M, Per TS et al (2015) Salicylic acid-induced abiotic stress tolerance and underlying mechanisms in plants. Front Plant Sci 6:462. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00462
Kissmann C, Habermann G (2014) Different approaches on seed germination to look into global warming effects on Araucaria angustifolia. Theor Exp Plant Physiol 26:39–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-014-0003-5
Klessig DF, Tian M, Choi HW (2016) Multiple targets of salicylic acid and its derivatives in plants and animals. Front Immunol 7:1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00206
Lamarca EV, Bonjovani MR, Rocha Faria JM, Barbedo CJ (2013a) Germinação em temperatura sub-ótima de embriões de Inga vera subsp. affinis obtidos sob diferentes condições ambientais. Rodriguesia 64:877–885. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2175-78602013000400015
Lamarca EV, Prataviera JS, Borges IF et al (2013b) Maturation of Eugenia pyriformis seeds under different hydric and thermal conditions. An Acad Bras Cienc 85:223–233. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652013005000006
Lamarca EV, Camargo MBP de, Teixeira S de P, et al (2016) Variations in desiccation tolerance in seeds of Eugenia pyriformis: dispersal at different stages of maturation. Rev Ciência Agronômica 47:118–126. https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20160014
Lan QY, Jiang XC, Song SQ et al (2007) Changes in germinability and desiccation-sensitivity of recalcitrant Hopea hainanensis Merr. et Chun seeds during development. Seed Sci Technol 35:21–31
Lan QY, Luo YL, Ma SM et al (2012) Development and storage of recalcitrant seeds of Hopea hainanensis. Seed Sci Technol 40:200–208
Lata C, Prasad M (2011) Role of DREBs in regulation of abiotic stress responses in plants. J Exp Bot 62:4731–4748. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err210
Lauterjung MB, Bernardi AP, Montagna T et al (2018) Phylogeography of Brazilian pine (Araucaria angustifolia): integrative evidence for pre-Columbian anthropogenic dispersal. Tree Genet Genomes 14:36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-018-1250-4
Locascio A, Roig-Villanova I, Bernardi J, Varotto S (2014) Current perspectives on the hormonal control of seed development in Arabidopsis and maize: a focus on auxin. Front Plant Sci 5:412. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00412
Maguire JD (1962) Speed of germination-aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigour. Crop Sci 2:176–177
Marcos Filho J (2015) Fisiologia de Sementes de Plantas Cultivadas. Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes—ABRATES, Londrina
Mata MF, Silva KB, Bruno R, de LA, et al (2013) Maturação fisiológica de sementes de ingazeiro (Inga striata) Benth. Semin Agrar 34:549–566. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2013v34n2p549
Mattos JR (2011) O Pinheiro Brasileiro. Editora da Ufsc, Florianópolis
Medeiros ACS, de Abreu DCA (2007) Desidratação ultra-rápida de embriões. Pesqui Florest Bras 119–125
Montagna T, Ferreira DK, Steiner F et al (2012) A importância das unidades de conservação na manutenção da diversidade genética de araucária (Araucaria angustifolia) no estado de Santa Catarina. Biodiv Brasil 2:17–24. https://doi.org/10.37002/biobrasil.v%25vi%25i.270
Nakashima K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2013) ABA signaling in stress-response and seed development. Plant Cell Rep 32:959–970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-013-1418-1
Navarro BV, Elbl P, De Souza AP et al (2017) Carbohydrate-mediated responses during zygotic and early somatic embryogenesis in the endangered conifer, Araucaria angustifolia. PLoS One 12:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180051
Oikawa A, Otsuka T, Nakabayashi R et al (2015) Metabolic profiling of developing pear fruits reveals dynamic variation in primary and secondary metabolites, including plant hormones. PLoS One 10:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131408
Oliveira LM, De Gomes JP, Souza GK et al (2014) Metodologia Alternativa para o Teste de Tetrazólio em Sementes de Araucaria angustifolia. Kuntze. Floresta e Ambient 21:468–474
Paise G, Vieira EM (2005) Produção de frutos e distribuição espacial de angiospermas com frutos zoocóricos em uma Floresta Ombrófila Mista no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Rev Bras Bot 28:615–625. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042005000300017
Pieruzzi FP, Dias LLC, Balbuena TS et al (2011) Polyamines, IAA and ABA during germination in two recalcitrant seeds: Araucaria angustifolia (Gymnosperm) and Ocotea odorifera (Angiosperm). Ann Bot 108:337–345. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr133
Piriz-Carrillo V, Chaves A, Fassola H, Mugridge A (2003) Refrigerated storage of seeds of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze over a period of 24 months. Seed Sci Technol 31:411–421
R Development Core Team (2010) R: a language and enviroment for statistical computing
Rivas-San Vicente M, Plasencia J (2011) Salicylic acid beyond defence: its role in plant growth and development. J Exp Bot 62:3321–3338. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err031
Roberts EH (1973) Predicting the storage life of seeds. Seed Sci Technol 1:499–514
Robinson M, De Souza JG, Maezumi SY et al (2018) Uncoupling human and climate drivers of late Holocene vegetation change in southern Brazil. Sci Rep 8:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24429-5
Sant’Anna CS, Sebbenn AM, Klabunde GHF, Bittencourt R, Nodari RO, Mantovani A, Reis MS (2013) Realized pollen and seed dispersal within a continuous population of the dioecious coniferous Brazilian pine [Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze]. Conserv Genet 14:601–613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-013-0451-5
Shibata M, Coelho CMM (2016) Early harvest increases post-harvest physiological quality of Araucaria angustifolia (Araucariaceae) seeds. Rev Biol Trop 64:885–896
Shibata M, Coelho CMM, Steiner N (2013) Physiological quality of Araucaria angustifolia seeds at different stages of development. Seed Sci Technol 41:214–224
Shibata M, Coelho CMM, Schmidt EC et al (2019) Anatomical and biochemical changes associated with the development and germination of Araucaria angustifolia seeds. Acta Sci Biol Sci 41:1–11. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v41i1.43381
Silveira V, Santa-Catarina C, Balbuena TS et al (2008) Endogenous abscisic acid and protein contents during seed development of Araucaria angustifolia. Biol Plant 52:101–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-008-0018-3
Souza AF, Forgiarini C, Longhi SJ, Brena DA (2008) Regeneration patterns of a long-lived dominant conifer and the effects of logging in southern South America. Acta Oecol 34:221–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2008.05.013
Suzuki N (2016) Hormone signaling pathways under stress combinations. Plant Signal Behav 11:e1247139. https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2016.1247139
Trufelli H, Palma P, Famiglini G, Cappiello A (2011) An overviwe of matrix effects in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom Rev 30:491–509. https://doi.org/10.1002/mas
Villa Nova NA (1972) Estimativa de graus-dia acumulados acima de qualquer temperatura base, em função das temperaturas máxima e mínima. In: Volume 30 de Caderno de Ciências da Terra. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Geografia, p 8
Vivas M, Wingfeld MJ, Slippers B (2020) Maternal effects should be considered in the establishment of forestry plantations. Forest Ecol Manag 460:117909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117909
White CN, Proebsting WM, Hedden P, Rivin CJ (2000) Gibberellins and seed development in maize. I. Evidence that Gibberellin/Abscisic acid balance governs germination versus maturation pathways. Plant Physiol 122:1081–1088. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.122.4.1089
Zandalinas SI, Rivero RM, Martínez V et al (2016) Tolerance of citrus plants to the combination of high temperatures and drought is associated to the increase in transpiration modulated by a reduction in abscisic acid levels. BMC Plant Biol 16:105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-016-0791-7
Zanette F, Oliveira LS, Biasi LA (2011) Grafting of Araucaria angustifolia (BERTOL.) kuntze through the four seasons of the year. Rev Bras Frutic 3:1364–1370. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452011000400040
Acknowledgements
The first author thanks Programa de Bolsas Universitárias - UNIEDU for providing a scholarship. The corresponding author thanks Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for productivity scholarship.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shibata, M., Coelho, C.M.M., de Garighan, J.A. et al. Seed development of Araucaria angustifolia: plant hormones and germinability in 2 years of seeds production. New Forests 52, 759–775 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-020-09821-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-020-09821-2