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Sam Tramiel reveals all to our News Editor a fascinating in—depth look at a Ieadin member of the Atari to p

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May 1986

Mane in Editor: Derek Meekin FeatgregEditar: Cliff McKnight

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May 1986

Part 3 of Frank O’Dwyer’s series aimed at helping you to speed up your Basic p ro 9 rams.

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The lateSt Update from Brltam national electronic mail service.

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BRIGHTON

COMPUTER 2 Ann

EXCHANGE

Street,

Brighton BN1 4GP Tel: 0273

686650/676839

News

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1,000 software de— velopers writing programs for Atari ST machines, 400

of them UK—based. And to keep dealers up to date with this software explosion an Atari ST Road Show is touring the country during the spring. Presentations at venues in Birmingham, Bristol, Manchester, L°°d3 and Edinburgh w'“ demonstrate what the SZOST and "MOST can ,d° ff" the small to medmm sued busmess.

software houses been mwted to talk

Leading

from “P”? simpe th°":’°d“°_ts' m:-' grams to“EA-$7823“pale ages, the W100 termmal emulator and Prestel software. hear Dealers wnll if about presentation Am," the in “58m marketplace general, and how best t° b°°s_t sales of the ST machines. _

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— THE first Atari Computer Show proved a spectacular success, attracting 5,000 more people than had been expected. In all close to

15,000 people converged on

the three day event held at the Novotel, Hammersmith. Now observers are claiming

that this mass demonstration of popular support for the Atari range has effectively re—es— tablished the computer com— pany as a market leader in the UK. So impressed were the party of Atari VlPs who had flown over from California to attend the show that they immediately

announced their intention to hold similar events in both Germany and the United States. This was not only the first Atari Computer Show in the UK, it was the first in the world. Atari's president Sam Tramiel summed up the reaction in one word: Fantastic. He told Atari User: “We couldn't be more pleased. You people over here have really shown us a thing or two. The organisation has been superb, the standard of exhibitors first class and as for the visitors, if those are Atari users herein the UK then we are certainly on the right track.

“lcanonlythankeveryoneon behalf of Atari. Naturally when you take over a sick company as we did you are bound to bea bit concerned over what the future has in store, but after this show we realise our efforts have all been worthwhile”. The 70 exhibitors were equally enthusiastic about the success of the show. And no wonder considering that sales over the three days amounted to more than £1 million. Standholder after standhol— der found themselves running short of stock by noon on the

’ May 7986 ATARI USER

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”A YSTACK'PERIPHERALS. ”ease 31“ ATAR' “me". Q'de’mg' -

Please state Cassette or

DISC.

THE resurgence of Atari asa in the computer force industry has led to unox— pected benefits for 8 bit enthusiasts.

StPCkS

continued

new

word

The

response to demand from a section of the market that Atari bosses were convinced was declining. The survival, and growing strength, of the 8 bit user base has surprised and delighted company executives.

They had relegated the low end micros to a secondary role in the remodelled marketing strategy designed around the ST generation of Atari com— puters. Production of the 800XLwas discontinued and remaining

ml Ion sa es a From page 7 first day despite thinking they had sufficient supplies for the full three days 10 exhibitors actually sold out by 2pm, just four hours after the show had opened. Typical of these was Compumart whose stand was offer— ing Atari 8 bit computers and —

peripherals, so you couldn't have found a happier man around than the company’s managing director Steve Burke. “It was just incredible we ended up selling out completely —

WHAT

was a very good show. We felt the strength of it was the contacts made both in the UK and with overseas people. Our business software

brought in orders

and than promises of more £700,000 and most of it has

already been shipped. it was an ideal venue and overseas visitors told me they were impressed with the ease of travel from Heathrowto the Hotel with its Under-

ground —

link—up.

Haba Systems

three times", he said. "The first time was half way through the first day when we had taken easily enough to last a normal show. But we still sold out and had to get more. ”By Saturday afternoon we were in the same situation again so once again we had to restock and by Sunday morning the lOt had gone and we just couldn't get any more. It means tens of thousands of pounds worth of business for US"So we im m ed a tely rebooked a stand for the next show not even knowing when it i

ow is going to

managing

director Mike Dale

could not get enough to meet demand. it was one of the best shows we have been to and we are certainly going to the next one. CDS Software sales

just

—

manager Martyn Wilson

A super show, the old days.

We really had a super three days. We launched Blue Ribbon and sold out the games by the second day, We

Software Express managing director Jerry Howells

really like Our sales

covered the cost of the stand in two days and we were pleased with the profit. Llamasoft director Hazel Minter

—

The show was excellent. Congratulations to Data— base. We can’t wait for them to organise another. It was

_13OXE SUN” .Word Processmg Pack comprises a micro, 1050 disc drive, 1027 letter quality printer, AtariWriter Plus and three more pieces °f software.

At £349 it undercuts the Amstrad PCW8256 bY an impressive E100 and is sure to cause a stir among Alan SUQGF'S

high flyers in Brentwood.

Atari vice—president Sig Hartmann explained the reason behind his firm's new emphasis on the 8 bit market during an interview with Atari User. "We intend to revitalise this section of the market”, he said. 'We have some to realise that there is definitely a need for machinesto serve consumersat the so called low end of the market. "I have to admit that we have been surprised by the continu— ing strength of the 8 bit market. It is healthier than ever, and we intend to get our share of the action. “As well as bringing out the 130x|5 word processing pack we will be producing a 256k version of the XE and it should be on sale within the next few months”.

SAID...

700 per cent above what we expected, the sales were just thousands of pounds when we were only expecting hundreds.

We made excellent contacts With foreign and European visitors. Sales were very good. It was an impres— sive show, nice/y put together.

be".

The last word must go to a typical Atari user. Peter Dob— bins, 18, travelled down from Carlisle to attend the show. “And that's a little bit further than West Ham", he pointed out, ”but I’d have travelled from the Antarctic by dog sled to go to this ShOW"It was great. Lots of new things and plenty of bargains. got back what I'd paid out for my railfarein the savings 0" my first purchase alone. “Nothing but nothing is going to keep me away from the next".

TH E EXHIBITORS

‘

support for the

130X_E as sole ongoing machine in the 8 bit market. NOW the company has gone even further, encouraged by demand from consumers and 89900“ from third party SUP" pliers.

_—_—

processing

bargain

its

major about face the company is revitalising its approach to the “low end" of its product line which has had to take a back seat to the ST machines since the great Atari revival began a year ago. A

outlets over Christmas. At the time Atari promised

In a

package has been built around the 13OXE to take on the Amstrad PCW8256 in the small business and serious hobbyist arena. And there are planstodouble the memory capacity ofthe sole surviving Atari 8 bit micro and launch a 256k version. All this has come about in

°ff|0adéd

pncesthrough Dixons and Curry

Microdeal press of?cer Jenny Pope

business sectors. This kept away the noise of the games and the general "78/89 there rather than diStfathhg the business side, which produced good sales.

Execon director Vernon Hovsepian —

‘

N was

above expecta—

tions.

Our software

games 33/88 were excellent. We sold out certain games and had to send out formore stock.

we were happy With the whole show and with the interest shown by Atari owners which has encouraged more software for them. Tynesoft sales manager

us to produce

was pleased there was

a split

for the games and

—

Trevor Scott

May 1985 ATARI USER

.——————

iNews

The five JACK Tramiel and Atari five

has given himself years in which to

grab per cent of the world's micro market or suffer dire consequences. The colourful Atari chairman —

told influential

pitch

year

us financial

paper Investors Daily that sales Of ST machines in North America and Emma prove his tal’get is attainable. But he warned: “if you don’t reach 20 per cent of this

w///

computer market in five years you're out. You won't get the support from software houses and you won't get the right

-‘

/QJZ4/f/%/// / f V

prices from your suppliers

because you won't be able to buy in suf?cient volume". However Tramiel was con—

THE Atari has a Drove? attraction for Stf'" _chart-topplng Ocean. H's manager, B'Hy. Lame JaV' the °°"?' puter to organise plans for a S'X world tour which starts month '” June. Said Laurie: "The Atari has done everything for us. It has worked out our flight arrange— ments, listed our hotels and all our venue details. “But the most useful is that we have been ab'e ‘0 draw the stage plans and print them out in colour so they can be forwarded in advance to the

1040”

fidentthe20 percentfigurewas within his reach “although don't have the exact timing—it's

9°“th

all

matter

of market condi—

tions".

Billy Ocean .

—

venues

”It

— DESPITE rumours to the

con—

trary, compact disc ROM players still feature prominently in Atari's plans for the future. Reports that the company has shelved the project indefin-

itely have been strongly denied by sales and marketing manager

Rob Harding. He told Atari User: “Nothing the truth— could be furtherfrom Atari Will definitely launch a CD ROM player, although the event won't take place for several months. for "There are two reasons the delay, and both involve

factors beyond Atari's control. "Firstly the ROM player is an extremely software-dependant piece of equipment, and there is of CD a worldwide shortage software capacity. ”Secondly CD mechanism prices are currently too high for us to turn out a product for the mass market that would meet

Jack

of Tramiel’s criterion

power Without the price. ”And you have to remember we aim to bring out a machine as audio with aswell data—reacWith tlve capabilities along other sophisticated features, all

WhiCh add considerably

Atari's COStS~ "While the CD ROM player is not a viable mass market product for us at the moment, the situation is improving. “Our partner, Warner Communications, is setting up 3 plant to manufacture compact discs and this should be later this year. operational Also we expect the present high cost of CD mechanisms to come down sharply in the next six to months and create nine the to go we conditions need ahead With the prolect .

————————_——‘

cuMplirii SPEECH Piiuiiim MS STAND by for a host of new high quality programs for the Atari ST range. Aflurry ofactivityin software houses has been sparked by the launch by specialist program— ming language compiler Prospero Software of Pro Fortran—77 for the ST. The new compiler opens the door to 68000 architecture for professional programmers and developers and is likely to prompt a new generation of Atari ST software. Pro Fortran—77 will also enable developers to recompile existing mini and mainframe software to run on ST machines. 70 ATARI USER

May 7986

enthusiastically welcorned the Prospero initiative. Sales and marketing boss Robert Harding told Atari User: "This is an important milestone in the development of the market for the ST. "We believe it will generate a wave of high quality software allowing users to fully exploit the machines’ potential".

Atari

has

Fortran—77 is one of the most widely used high Ievelprogram-

ming languages among and engineers, scientists

and the most academics popular medium for micro professionals writing their own —

programs.

A tan ls , a s tar s 3 t ar t "r"

Prospero marketing manager

Andrew

Lucas

said:“We

recog—

nised the possibilities offered by the Atari ST and other 68000 machines at a very early stage.

"Our compilers will allow micro professionals to unlock the vast library of existing technical software, such as state—of—the—art

are

now

used this compmef to arrange things and we are still learning what it can do. We are now two months ahead ofschedule, andl cannot believe the amount of work it has saved us”. __—____—.

tremendous

oppor—

tunities for developers”. Pro Fortran-77 for the Atari ST costs £129.

ln crlme the past CRIME adventure, out for Atari ST users, has a small—time private detective as the hunter— A

and the hunted.

Activision’s Borrowed Time, set in the 19305, entails tracing 20 suspects who want the hero dead and avoiding being shot,

beaten-up

imprisoned

Hugh Rees—Parnall,

manag-

'”9 director °f ACtiV'S'Oni said: the movements of the QnIy private eye are controlled, the other bad guys actions are SUdde” and unexpected, making the pace frantic g Price, on d'scf '5 “4-99-

lunar sequel

CAD/CAM for

instance, and make it available to Atari users. “With the power and sophis— tication of such a machine costing less than £1,000 there

for preparation". is the first time we have

SEOUEL to last year’s chart—topping adventure Red Moon has been released by Level 9 Computing to run on Atari 800XL and 130XE machines. Price of Magik has more spells and independent crea— tures to control than Red Moon.

the pmfessnonal

look

from

under

£100.

The ASTL520 MEMORY CARD upgrades the standard 520 ST to ONE MEGABYTE of RAM, and costs under £100 inclusive of VAT!

The AST»2080, goves even further, brings the RAM to TWO AND A HALF MEGABYTES for less than £400 inclusive! as big as a double-sided disc drive, Now, really big RAM DISK compilers that can crunch thousands of lines a minute, megabyte long documents, huge 1 11 spreadsheets and useful databases with ‘, 21 thousands of records in memory 3:13 11a; become practicable "1121 1:1} 31 7—L f}? Either card fits inside the 4112—3;3”; 1.11 X} "7 , ST keyboard case“. 3L 111.1

—

a i

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11,’ 5" 11‘

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You can give your ST a really profeSSional look With the AST SYSTEM CASE. It can hold two 3.5 inch, and one 525 inch ?oppy drives, or a Winchester drive together with the ST power supply units. The Monitor can stand on top. The System case will improve your viewing angle and leave your desk uncluttered.

5:1

’

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COMPLETE ATARI 520 ST SYSTEMS

We can advise, install and support complete ST systems. Please call for a quote. Below are some examples: Hires Monitor, SF354 360K 1) 520 ST, SM124 disc drive, TOS in ROM, standard software on disc

—

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AST Disc Drives are all 80»track double-sided, offering 720K (one TWICE the storage capacity of the megabyte unformatted) standard ST drive. They are available in 3.5 and 5.25 inch formats. The drives are daisy chained to the standard ST drive, using the power and data cables supplied.

—

£1050

on disc

----------------

PRICES AST-520 MEMORY CARD, free

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*lnstalling the RAM upgrades will a/fect yourguarantee. which will be replaced by AST’s oum guarantee AST will install the upgradefor you, free o/ charge, at our premises. For the AST—520 RAM upgrade.you can send in your ST keyboard with £103 to include board and return postage (£106 iflnterli'nk next—day service payment is require sn ).

“—

AS the Tramiel

president of Atari, Sam

—

of Jack's three sons is in charge of the day-to—day running of the world wide organisation. It is he, second only to his charismatic father, whose decisions will eventually make or break Atari. Here he talks to MIKE COWLEY about his life and the events which have influenced —

the eldest —

his current

thinking.

M ’

gé?s

TO all outward

Sam

appearances,

Tramiel

across as super comes capitalist. Rich, relatively young he wears the he's still only 36 mantle of wealth easily as befits the heir to a dynasty which one day may well be compared to the Rothschilds. Yet it hasn't always been like that. An Italian friend brought vivid memories flooding back when he recently recalled the saying: “If you aren't a communist by the time you are 18 you haven’t got a heart. But if you aren't a capitalist by the time you are 25, you have no brains". For that's almost exactly what happened to the eldest son of the man who built Commodore into a billion dollar empire, then turned his back on it to give Atari the kiss of life. It was 1968 and Sam Tramiel had just finished his first year at university. Like so many of his

t a k Ing -

—

his wealthy father and went to work to put himself through university. He

headed for Canada where schooling was cheaper and took to wearing a hard hat during his vacations while acting as a surveyor on construction sites. “My father and I still loved each other", he remembers, ”butthere was a very basic philosophical difference between us. And he could not

imagine supporting that philosophy financially as was his right". Yet Sam was to undergo a dramatic changein the next couple of years. “Having to support myself and —

contemporaries,

he was disen— chanted with what was happening in the United States in general and in Vietnam in particular. Soon he began associating with other radical thinkers on the fringe of an extreme left wing front Organis-

COWLEY

By MlKE

ation known as the Students for a Democratic Society. Quite naturallyhis father, who even then was viewed as "the epitomy of the capitalist", objected, ”My father was very straight with me”, recalls Sam. "He called me in and said 'You cannot have a Jaguar E type, credit cards and be a com— munist'. “I said yes can. He replied: ’No you can't. The Jaguar is out. The credit cards are going’.

put myself through school, began to realise what money was all ab0ut", he says, "so it wasn't long before started to shift my ideologies. In fact was by the time finished school quite a capitalist". Not that the mere fact of being without money itself was the prime reason for the transformation. After all Sam Tramiel had hardly been born with a silver spoon in his mouth. Back in 1950 when Sam dropped in on the world,home wasa cramped apartment in the tough tenement district of Lower East Side in

said. ‘Thank you very 'Fine’, much. don't need any ofthat'. .and

$15

the

money

“

took

no more money". So Sam Tramiel turned his back on

12 ATAR/ USER

May 7986

Manhattan,NewYork.Andtherentof a huge slice out of his father was then

month took

earning

as a

cab driver, having

survived the horrors of Auschwitz to emigrate to the States. By the time he was three young Sam had moved with his family to the New York district of Queens where his father, now a typewriter repair man, had acquired a house. “The truth of the matter was the house wasn't really much bigger than the apartment we had", says Sam. And once

again,theywerelivingin

predominantly immigrant area where the Jews kept to themselves, as did the Poles, the Irish and the a

blacks. So Sam could speak only Yiddish until he was five years old and left the shelter of what was little more than a ghetto to venture to kindergarten. “Pledging allegiance to the flag of the United States was my first English lesson", he recalls. It wasn't to be too long before he found himself doubting the wisdom of it all. At the age of five Sam was transported to Toronto, which his father judged would be an easier place to compete in than the United

States. By this time Jack Tramiel had set himself up as a dealer in typewriter and adding machines, importing stock from Europe. Little did he realise then but he was laying the

foundations of an empire. The stay in Toronto lasted five years, during which time Sam developed a passion for outdoor sports. Then it was back to New York, but by this time the Tramiel family

Interview

__—_____

business had flourished sufficiently to warrant an up—market address in Long Island. ”The Commodore company had been started by then'f,says Sam.“We

fully fledged importers of adding machinesfrom Berlin and typewriters from Czechoslovakia. And it wasn’t long before my father was able to buy the factory making the adding machines in Germany". !nevitably with both his father and mother actively involved in the family firm, Sam can only recall one topic ever being discussed around the dining table business. “It was always the same", he says, were

—

Hong Kong. He had been out there for a year when he remarried his second wife

being

schoolteacher from Toronto.

By this time Commodore was booming with sales of close to $600

million and growing in leaps and bounds. However like many other sons of successful fathers, Sam Tramiel began to be torn with self doubt. "Could do it on my own began to ask myself”, he says. “Would it have all been possible if I'd not been Jack's son in the Commodore framework? “So my father and had a long talk and it resulted in my leaving I

flew back to California the following month and told Commodore he would be happy to stay on if required. Five months later he too resigned after becoming frustrated through a seeming inability of the Commodore management to make decisions following his father's departure. While working his month's notice Sam Tramiel had lengthy discussions with his father over what they would do in the future. “By this time my father had accumulated a vast amount of wealth", he revealed. “So we were faced with a number of alternatives. "Should we become merchant bankers?

o u te

s u cces 5

"so much was it part of my life that l was playing the stock markets when was in my early teens". Describing himself as "an OK I

student but not brilliant", Sam Tramiel is best remembered at college as an all round athlete. A champion wrestler, he made both the college football team and the record breaking 880 yard relay squad. After his brief flirtation with the Karl Marx contingent Sam Tramiel returned to the fold. Clutching his newly-awarded economics degree he threw in his lot with his father at Commodore. “As a family, we had always had the idea of working together", he says. “The Rothschilds had always impressed me and I'd always thought thatone dayl'd like to see us like they were years ago”. .

Yet, because he was the boss's son, he was given no privileges. Sta rting at the bottom in the warehouse, he worked his way up

through the departments. “l was always underpaid compared to the other employees", he remembers. Two years after joining Commodore in California he was transferred to the company's London offices. By this time he was married to his high school sweetheart from Toronto. Tragically after giving birth to their child,hiswife camedown with cancer and died some three years later. Accompanied by his baby daughter, Sam returned to California for a few months before accepting a posting to .

Commodore own

in Hong

and

setting Kong".

up on my

Within two years Sam Tramiel had proved his point. He controlled four companies with the help of Chinese partners, making watches, tele— phones, computer peripherals and games. ”We were typical Hong Kong OEM suppliers", he says. It was the illness of a friend which led him back to Commodore.The man in question had been running the Hong Kong operation for the company when failing health forced him to take early retirement. Who then could Commodore turn to to fill the gap in Hong Kong, the corporation's key manufacturing centre? Sam Tramiel was persuaded to help out for 12 months. ”It wasa crazy time", he recollects. “Every week received phone calls saying ‘Make more C64’s. Make more C645. The market simply couldn't get enough". And in the meantime his wife gave birth to their “Chinese, Jewish, Canadian" son. At the end of the year's contract, Sam Tramiel was convinced that his future lay with his father in Commodore. So he kept control of the Far East situation but moved to Japan to get a better understanding of the key market there. He component remained in Tokyo for nine months until the news broke that his father had left Commodore following a bitter dispute with the chairman. That was in January 1984. Sam I

"Should we just take it easy? "Should we go back into the computer business? What should we do?” By the time he left Commodorethe opportunity to buy Atari had arisen. With a number of outstanding design experts including his own brother Leonardwho had just gained a degree in astrophysics from the university of Columbia, the Tramiel clan began to think seriously about computers —

again.

"Our people went to talk to Warner Communications, and to cut a long story short, ended up buying Atari", says Sam Tramiel. 'We had expected to find a sick company, but what we really found was a complete shambles". It is Sam Tramiel's conviction to this day that Atari will only become a world force if it remains interna— tionally minded. “We see this as the key”, he says. "When we designed the ST we emphasised the international aspect, so we had a German keyboard, a French keyboard, an Italian keyboard, a UK keyboard right from the word go not coming along later. TOS was designed in four languages". The man coordinating this global approach by Atari is Sam Tramiel himself. "I see myself as an international citizen", he insists. In fact, the Atari president holds a Canadian rather than an American —

passport.

"The more

reason for this is I feel much like a Canadian who are more

open in their views than the Americans who tend to be inward looking and chauvenistic. “And perhapsthere'sjust thatlittle bit of radical left in me after all .

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76 ATAR/ USER

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guide Joe to freedom. Playing the game is straightforward. When run for the first time the screen will go black for 90 seconds, but after this will start immediately. coloured also see a vertical You may Don’t stripe, but Panrc._ IS Joe controlled by joystick and he quI move instantly in the direction commanded. The caves consnst of a maze of 100 rooms and must be completed in the correct sequence. advise you to draw a map as you go along. If you hit a wall it will knock and you into the centre of the room daze and may you. possible danger— Picking up a key is performed by touching it. If you then touch the corresponding door it will open and stay open.The wrong key and you will _

—

be knocked back.

Occasionally the king's curse will result in your developing a shadow. Watch for this and if it occurs you must run over it to make it disappear. are

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The program itself fits tightly into 48k. It uses a complicated vertical blank interrupt to move the players, a

redefined character set and Antic Mode 4 (Graphics 12 0” XL/XESl- h will however, work on all Ataris with sufficient memory. is The lengthy initialisation of data because of the large amount for the machine code routines, VBI, character set and players. in the data The maze IS held from Ime 2000 to .2099' statements The firstfourletters hold the eX|ts,the next number is the type of cave, the next the information line and the last number is the degree of difficulty for that room. This is only relevant in type 3 and 4 rooms.

The difficulty of the game can be the altered by changing these the more number the difficult, higher up to a maximum of 255_ By altering these lines you createa different maze without needing to rewrite the whole program. I'Ilbe providing an editing program in a future issue. This will enable you to redesign Cavern Escape at will. _

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Aconvenient starting point is the LET statement. Like Atari Basic, this keyword is optional in Compiler Basic. There are, however, the following major differences between the two statements variable names

Compiler Basic. In Atari Basic X would get the value 11 since the multiplication would be done before the addition. In Compiler Basic X would get the value 20. This occurs since the compiler does the operations strictly in the order they appear from left to right, in much the same way as a cheap calculator would. You can't use brackets to compensate for this either, since the compiler does not accept bracketing of expressions. Don’t worry though, there is always another way to write the assignment, perhaps using an inter— mediate variable, so that the operators are done in the order you want. The above example may be written:

may be A to 2 only, expressions may

LET X-2 e 4+3

YOU should now know how to compile any programs you write, so let’s discuss compiler Basic and what it is capable of. Rather than giving you a list of its keywords, along with explanations, I'll use Atari Basic as a starting point and explain how to translate it into compiler Basic. ___'——

LET

—-——-———

—

be integer only (O..65535) and expressions are evaluated Ieftto right, without operator precedence. Expressions are also different in the two Basics. The allowable operations are: ‘

for integer addition (no overflow

—

for integer subtraction (no underflow check}. for integer multiply (no overflow

check).

check}.

/ for integer division (no divide by zero check}.

for integer remainder on division {no divide by zero check}. l for bitwise logical OR. & forbitwise logicalAND. “ for bitwise logical Exclusive OR. ?

If you don’t understand the last three you can think of “bitwise and", and “bitwise or" as being just Atari .

and

Part Three Of the serles by FRAN K 0' DWYE R that helps you Speed Up your programs -

—

This means ferent things 24 ATARI USER

May 7986

This expression Wi" come OUt the

two completely difAtari Basic and

in both Atari Basic and Compiler Basic. In Atari Basic you can use functions such as ASC, PEEK and so on, in expressions. Although you can't use these functions in the same form in Compiler Basic, they are available same

to you. Figure

shows a list of Atari Basic funCtions and their Compiler equivalents. The compiler also has a facility to pass expressions to the assembler but they must be cartridge constants not variables. The advantage of this facility is that the expression is evaluated by the assembler before the program is ever run, so that the expression is evaluated only once and does not slow down your program when it is running. Here is an example: l

‘

—

and

AND O_R respectively, blthse exclusrve or you can probably live without. As well as these operations all the relational operators greater than, less than, are available as equal to and so on you would expect. One thing to be wary of is the lack of operator precedence. Take the following statement for example: LETX_3+2 . 4 [Basic

X=A+

‘

[12.3+2°]

This has the assembler work out what 12*3+20 actually equals (56) and substitutes it into the expression so it is as if you had originally written:

—

X=A + 56 This obviously will be quicker to work out than if you had omitted the square brackets, thus leaving the program to unnecessarily compute 12*3+20 each time this assignment-

M———————

O PEEKIA)

ASC(“A")

‘A

Returns byte pointed to by A. Gives ATAscii code ofA,whereAisa

PEEKlA)+256*PEEK(A+” ADR(“string")

Charade“ Returns 16bit word

PRINT CHR$(A);

PR|NTA

ponntedito

byA.

Returns address ofliteralstnng. Prints characterwhose code is A.

“string"

— In all the above,A may be an expression so you can have the fol/owing‘assignments:

t° X

zigzag

222292:zggggghsiew?meg) AssignsASC("A")+1 to X

X="hello" PRINT 1+2+43

this is a number not a string. Assigns ADR("hello") to X Prints the character whose code is 46. Same as PRINT CHR$ (1+2+43l; in Atari Basic.

x;1+‘A

—

‘

encountered. Well, that's just about it for expressions, and the LET statement. Here are some other statements supported by the compiler:

can you GOSUB an expression. You can however use labels, as in:

1000 LABEL LOOP ONE 1010 1030 GOTO LOOP ONE .

You can POP

a return address in I don't recommend Compiler Basic lt thOUQh: since if YOU do it wrongly you can crash the computer, and will have to SWitCh Off and 0", probably Iosmg your program and data. If you miss the facility to GOTO an expression, you can use the GOVIA keyword. This accepts an expression, bUt consider the command GOVIA 1000+1O' It does "Ot GOTO line 1010, but causes the machine language to jump to decimal address 1010. You can use this to implement a sort of USR call, or an ON GOTO command. More about that in a later —

PRINT is a sim "?ed version of Atari Basic's pth-rp command. As you have already seen, PRINTing an expression causes a character to be output, and not the value of the expression as you would expect. In fact there is no way to PRINT a number in Compiler Basic, except by writing a special subroutine which will give you in a later article. You can, however PRINT a string. PRINT "hello" causes the expected output on the screen—exceptthat the I

cursor does not move to a new line unless you issue a PRINT command on its own. In other words, PRINT “hello" in Compiler Basic is the same as Atari basic's PRINT "hello";. m

THEN

THEN is also available in IF Compiler Basic. Unlike Atari Basic you must finish with the ENDIF keyword. This allows the statements after the THEN to span several "hes. For example: _

In this example the four statements after the THEN keyword will be executed if X is equal to 5, otherwise the program skips to the statement after the END”; Note that you must always fmISh |F Statements With ENDIF, even if only one statement is to follow the THEN keyword. guarantee that most Of your errors will be to do with omissions of ENDlFs. The compiler warns you if so this'occurs, you should pickup the Of usmg ENDIF qurte quuckly. habit Figure “, shows some examples Of ENDlFs being left out and the correct way to write these statements is shown in Figure III. |

”gum,

1000 IF X=5 THEN GI=1 : D=D/4 1010 F=0: S=S+98 1020 ENDIF

—

————_—-——

GOTO, GOSUB, RETURN

___—__

work the same way in the compiler as in Atari Basic. YOU cannot GOTO an expression however, nor

These

—'—‘—_—

. __—__

POSITION, SOUND SETCOLOUR

__—_

allavailablein the compiler. However, there is no check to see if the arguments are in range so for example SOUND 100,50,10,8 would pass unnoticed by the compiler bUt might cause your program to crash— but you can use IF statements to check that the arguments are in range before executing the statements. Don't worry about your program These are

—

article.

1°°° 'F X=5 THEN 607° 200° 1000 IF X=5 THEN IF G=2 THEN GOTO 3000 ENDIF

_ Hm

1000 IF X=5 THEN GOTO 2000 ENDIF 1000 IF X=5 THEN IF G=2 THEN GOTO 3000 ENDIF ENDIF

— Figure

111

May 1986 ATARI USER

Corn p iler

——————————

running slowly if you do this

—

remember it is going to be compiled. Here is an example of using IF statements to trap out bad arguments:

1000 w c>3 THEN GOTo ERROR ENDIF 101° SOUND C ’ 50 ’ 1° ’ 8

FOR

available,a|beit These statements in a slightly In corrupted form. the FOR statement there IS no initialis— are

TO 200 Th' _'S FOR ; '” means C0”.nt'"9 increments of one Its from current value 200' ln Ata” Basw you TO_ WOUId write FOR XZX 200' FOR X—1

___..________

TO.

lf you want a loop th‘m °_°“”ts 3 to 1000, in Atari Basnc you from up m'eht Wine:

DATA, READ,

FOR N=3 T0 1000:NEXT

RESTORE

To do this _

N—3'FOR .

Acrude DATAmechanism is provided in Compiler Basic. Each element in 3 data statement must be a number between 0 and 255, or an assembler expression. Here are some examples:

DATA 1’2'3'4l5’12+3 DATA “hello",155,0 DATA 'a,'2,23r45r67

the case Of our example. Preceding a character With

single

the ATASC“

code of that character to be READ from the data stream. Numbers and expressions(12+3,andsoon)simply cause the appropriate value to be placed in the data stream. RESTORE may be used to address

label or a line number. This line number orlabel must point directly to a DATA statement—the compilerwill not scan for thefirst DATAstatement in sequence as Atari Basic would. DATA statements must be con— secutive if READing is to work correctly, and DATA statements should be placed out of the path of the executing program,forexample at the Of the program, or end.

e se t e or beltwe?n

procedures subroutines-”or W' crasRéM statements

For ex amComcplileiagagiieprograms '

ple' '

1000 REM INITIALISE:X=1:Y=1 26 ATARI USER

May 1986

oompller

Basnc

you

TO 10°0'NEXT .

N —

nested, |Ikel

the case Of a string (“hello" above) a data element is produced for each character in the string, so READing will first produce the ATAscii code for h, then for e, l. 0 in

proygram

N .

It's a little strange, I'll grant you but it simplifies the writing of the compiler. There are no checks to see if your NEXT |0°DS are properly FOR so be careful of statements -

ClUOter as in 'ar'Z causes

1°00

OPEN, CLOSE, PUT, GET and XlO. For example, TRAP 2000 will cause control to transfertoline 2000in your compiler program in the event of any error, say while GETting characters from cassette.To turn offthe Trap use TRAP OFF. To turn it back on use TRAP ON.

W°U|d have to WMe:

—-——-——

usin OPEN, CLOSE LOCETEcan be simulatedirsicthGU All ouh v to the Ess'tczngilcse9Fl’1iT 222x135 OPEN #6,12,3,“S:" gives you Gra-I W'" d p hics 3 with °“ t a te’“ °"‘." Unfortunately space does not permit a full discussion of the possibilities of OPEN and XIO, but may return to this subject later. In Atari Basic you can TRAP errors. Similarly, in compiler Basic you can TRAP errors which arise when using .

_'_'—

rather than

point in your program which you have labelled using the LABEL keyword (see the GOTO and GOSUB statements).

——

_____——‘

ationpart,soyouwrite FORXTOZOO

Here ERROR is some

TO 100 Y T0 80

F°R_x 132; mile???

To examine the cause of the error use variable S. This is updated after every OPEN, CLOSE, GET, PUT and XIO command. In the event of an error S will contain the

you can

error code. So if S equals 141, ERROR 141 has occurred Error 141 bein cursor out of range —(see the Basicgmanual for a full list of error codes) by the way, S is short for status variable. As in Atari Basic you can POKE a byte to any address in memory. Compiler Basic also provides DOKE, —

1030 NEXT Y which will not give an error message despite being incorrect. If you use proper indentation you should have no problem avoiding this situation.

short for double POKE. This POKEs a 16 bit number (0—65535) to an address in memory in low byte/high b te format. . OPEN: CLOSE: GET! yTo load the screen memory address register at location 88, for PUT ' XlO example, you might use DOKE 88,w— where W is the number to be DOKEd. These are all the same in both Basics do the same thing in Atari Basic exce p tXIO Take XIO 17 1Illo600“"S'To have to resort to something like you f °r 9“ m pII h''° h t’h' [XIO .e POKE 89,INT(W/256): POKE sawd e'dw Ils m A .'"e gimme" cm “E 256*PEEK(88). if you examine the games listings haajectonchsrinzlflie £35122 s vyoub O 9 in magazines and books you will see b th th te use 3 that constructs similar to this occur W I?ensag:E£.um ehrs Ia ygu For this reason, DOKE is frequently. anne26.“uppose 6225 #6'1 you an neat and useful .’

i”;

extremely usled h {13’ ou ISdXfIOOr command. azovi/jells (iéageplgég‘se?

The commands, as well as allowing the use of cassette, disc and keyboard devices from Compiler Basic also allow you to use colour graphics in your programs. You can replace Atari Basic's GRAPHICS, PLOT and DRAWTO commands

0 That’s the end of the statements Compiler Basic andAtari Basic have in common. Next monthlwi/ldiscuss to the keywords that are peculiar these lnc/ude Compiler Basic keywords to handle timed interrupts and local variables, so stay tuned. —

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Apex House, Blandford Road, Norwood Green, Southall, Middx. UB2 4HD _

J Atari ST User

May 7986——__—__

104 0 ST was top f t h 5 h OW bi"

MIKE

CO WLEY reportmg

ATARI stepped into the limelight on centre stage at its own show with all the poise of a corporate Maurice Chevalier. It set out to woo its Novotel audience and this it achieved with style, thanks in no small part to the two new stars in its glittering ST range.

To the sound of synthesised space age music reverberating around the specially built theatre that set Atari back more than £40,000 the brash SZOSTM and the all—singing, all-dancing 104OST were unveiled. As the flashing light show ended and the simulated smoke effect which at one time threatened to engulf the invited guests dispersed, it was the 104OST which was to emerge as top of the bill. Here we were told was the first personal computer on the market with one megabyte of memory at “a price below

£800".

True enough if you don't include VAT in your costings or want the bene?t ofa colour monitor which brings the price of the machine up to £999, again not including VAT. And for my money at least to buy a 104OST in monochrome would be akin to purchasing a Rolls Royce with plastic seat covers. Nevertheless pound for pound, whichever the model you choose, the 104OST is still the best value on the market today. You can stop twisting my arm now, Mr Tramiel. Strictly though, it was not the 104OST that was wheeled out. In fact the machine that's arrived in the UK from the States is the 104OSTF. And there's no prizes for what the F stands for — floppy. Any way the 1040 STF is a system featuring professional integrated designs, with CPU, keyboard and disc drive all built in. It comes with Basic and Logo and Neochrome paint program as well as a VT52 terminal emulator for comms. Distinctive features include its double density 35-in disc drive and an operating system in ROM, leaving the full RAM available for user applications. Hardly had the applause died down for the Big One when its upstart younger brother, the 5ZOSTM — M for modulator — was high kicking on stage. Now this machine had kept everyone guessing. Not about what it could do, but what it was going to cost. in fact the decision about the price was not finally taken until late in the evening on the eve of the show. Prbblems over the strength of the dollar and the weakness of the pound - or vice versa — necessitated an eleventh hour decision. And when it came it was something of an anti — climax. Instead of the rumoured £300 price tag some obviously slightly deranged pundit suggested less than £200 - it went on offer at £399. Now this is really a cut price, unbundled version of the original SZOST package. The modulator means ' an ex ensive monitor in that it Edi; ya): ggzé:::ceteg standard television set. All you need for this one is a family who will forego the

__________________________

May 1986 Atari ST

pleasures of watching Coronation Street while you indulge yourself in one of the three software packages included in the price.

* i

IF that was not enough excitement for the assembled press corps and assorted distinguished hangers-on who made up the almost300 strong launch audience, someone mentioned IBM compatibility. Every time a jaded computer hack hears “IBM compatibility" he automatically begins to scribble on the back of a dog eared envelope saved from his gas bill. The effect is a bit like shouting ”knickers" during a sermon. What this turned out to be was a co-processing unit for the ST range, opening up the machines to a vast Aladdin's Cave of IBM or IBM compatible software. The unit, attached via the direct memory access input, contains an Intel 8088 processor with 512k of RAM and will accept a 5-}in disc drive. In ST mode it acts as a second disc drive offeringthe user an additional 500k of memory. However the Atari people are at great pains to point out that they are not into IBM clones, rather to making the ST even more attractive to all the unfortunate people stuck with IBM PCs and inordinately expensive libraries of software. A price has yet to be ?xed for the co-processing unit which will take its bow ”at the end of the second quarter". Mind you, one informed source did provide me with an educated guess of £300. * t t THE lBM act was swiftly followed by CP/M. This time an emulation package for the STwhich willenable the machines to run all software written under Digital Research's 280 operating system. And this one will be given away free of charge through dealers as it is in Germany. Meanwhile off stage Atari is currently negotiating with several of the major CP/M software development houses over the conversion of their programs to 3-‘iin disc format. ~k

t *

THE ?nale of the launch presentation show sawa new ST integrated communications package take us how. Again no price as yet and this trme no guesses. Known as Fastcom, rt utrlrses the processing and rts multiple graphics features of the ST andGEM_w1th and multr modes, multiple speeds, taskrng mq/"P/ef modem support. It Includes gr VT100/VT52 for accessing Lug/EWQ/frsxgzg , and MICfOL/"k as Prestel, such viewdata databases The Source. .

User——-—————————_,_"______—'__-a

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The Pawn's main title screen with 500 colours, which uses up 80 pe, cent of the ST’s Prom-95mg Power

d|scovers .

the latest line in adventures

“MAt?i

confession to make. I have never I got bored adventures. watching matchstick men judder across the in Valhalla, and text-based games screen always left me frustrated. lt was necessary to learn a new language to communicate with the characters, who under— stood as much English as my cat. So it was with little enthusiasm that set off for Telecom House, near Trafalgar Square, to see "the latest truly amazing state-of-the—art adventure game" for the ST from Rainbird. In the back of my mind I'd always thought it should be possible to write a challenging game with graphics that do credit to the hardware and incorporating an intelligent human interface. However my own experience working with a professional programmer designing a couple of educational games forthe BBC and Commodore 64 made me realise how difficult it is to produce something that is both bug—free and thatdoesn’t insult the user's intelligence. The frustration of trying to cram a 16th century trading game into the Commodore 64 made it clear that the ideal game would never appear on an 8 bit machine, whose owners'are happy to spend hours learning the grammatical syntax and restricted vocabulary necessary to open the chest and take out the key. At Rainbird was introduced to Anita Straker, a programmer from Magnetic Scrolls, producers of The Pawn. slumped into a chair and waited for the sales hype. Anita seemed genuinely excited. They really believed that they had developed a new generation of adventure games superior to anything currently on the market. They switched on the ST. The best picture l'd ever seen on a micro appeared. It contained 500 colours and used 80 per cent of the ST's processing power to keep it on the screen. was about to get hooked on the Pawn. Every adventure game has a set of rules for I

HAVE

really liked

ANTHONY GINN

d e..-

communicating with the player. These are determined by the parser. The average parser reaches the limit of its ability with a syntax of verb noun preposition noun. If you’re lucky it will understand Put knife in box. lnfocom, an American software house, developed a more sophisticated parser which can be seen in games like Zork, which allows more complex grammar like DO X With Y then do Z. Objects could also be described with the gold dagger could be adjectives distinguished from the silver dagger, for —

example. The parser in The Pawn is in another league. It is more akin to the artificial intelligence (Al) program Eliza than the Go North world of adventure games. Eliza is a conversational pregram written on a mainframe in the Al laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of

Technology. Professor Joseph Weizenbaum found his secretary talking to it. She quite gummy“.

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seriously asked him to leave the room as the conversation was private and intimate. The Pawn’s parser is context free. “You can

talkto anybodyabout anything",Anitasaid."Are asked. “Why don't you try". was standing on the lain, talkin to Honest John the trader, trying topget him toggive me a you sure?" l

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These screen shots show the mouse painter and the menu bar giving access to the four pull down menus

free bottle of malt whisky. He wasn't interested. The whisky was made by the dwarves, who were banished from Kerovnia by the king for alleged involvement in the assassination of Queen Jendah. The Farthington Real Ale Company and the Romni gnomes, producersof sparkling spring water, were putting commercial interest above all else and preventing the dwarves' return. can ask Honest John anything? It “So needn't be about the game?" Anita nodded. thought l'd try a question that confuses politicians. typed: “What is the meaning of life?" Honest John replied “I don't follow you". “Well at least his answer makes sense even if he doesn't know", said Anita. "Why don't you ask the Guru ?" typed: “Ask the Guru what is the meaning of life”. The Guru replied: "Life can be strange, wonderful, frightening, exhilarating and com— pletely inexplicable. Life is much more exciting if spent contemplating life itself, yet death brings an end to that contemplation. Perhaps it's better not to think about it and just live it, for it is a gift and should not be wasted". I

the Guru's key from the hat and put in the bottle in the plant pot". Someone who'd been playing the game for three weeks phoned Magnetic Scrolls. They were asked what score they'd got. “Oh, I'm not bothered about the score. I'm trying to crash the program". ”Have you had any luck?" “Well I'm not really sure, but think that if you're in the hall, take your jeans off and wrap .

"hm"; 1,

t; A" '

was hooked.

There are 35 pictures which do credit to the ST's capabilities and correspond closely to the text. They are not in as much detail as the title page, as there isn't so much memory available when the game is running. There are also 100 locations. A picture of the, palace gardens revealed a shadowy brown building by the wall. walked up to it. It was the potting shed. entered. Inside was a plant and a pot. typed: ”Put the plant in the pot". The Pawn replied: "The plant is much happier now”. Back in the garden typed: "Listen to the wall". Up came the message: “So you're a Pink Floyd fan". The sense of humour embedded in the game is the icing on the cake. It is also found in the book "A Tale of Kerovnia", which accompanies the game. quote: “Centuries of selected breeding, preserving the purest of bold lines by constant and meticulous inter—marriage have resulted in the impressive figure of our present monarch who, in poor light and with a following wind, could actually be mistaken for a human". The parser also recognises possessions and understands complicated instructions like: "Take l

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them round your neck, then walk out, the program thinks you've left them inside!" There are four Du” down menus — Files, Text, Graphics and C0|0UT~ Text has three options, borrowed from Infocom, Normal, Brief and Verbose. These enable you to move through the text at your OW” speed. The Graphics menu hasthree optionsfor black and white monitors Stipple, Freehand and Dither. These offer a ChOICG Of graphic detail. The most complex plots the shades of individual colours in a detailed grey scale. There is also a simple editing facility to alter your text. The plot was conceived by Robert Stegglese philosophy student. It does not always develop in the obvious direction, and if plots had tongues The PGWH'S WOUId be in its cheek. |f YOU rescue the princess, she will follow you around for the rest of the game, asking if her hair's all right and trying to stop you from going into dark places because she's scared Of them. The Pawn COmeS on disc With a story book poster, game—playing guide and ST guide. At E24-95 YOU get 900d value for your money. The program t00k three man years Of programming time to produce — and it shows. The Pawn is the Sthf from Which cults are made. —

1986 Atari ST

User—-——————-—————-—-——————-B

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E———-———————-————————-——-——AtariST

VISA & ACCESS WELCOME User May 1986—____—______

—

to disc doctorin

— It may seem strange for a software company to release three disc utility programs at once, but Microdeal's Disk Help, Utilities and M-Copy are all significantly different from each other.

option

Disk Help is entirely menu-driven After choosing the utility by pressing theindicated key the program gives a choice of several options to perform the relevant function. As such it is easy to use and suitable for the beginner. It is also less easy to ruin your disc. There is an option to read the disc and show errors and bad sectors. This will show all the tracks with bad sectors on the disc or list all the individual sectors which are bad. You can reformat old discs and rewrite the original data back to it. Like the normal format from the desktOp this program can erase all data on the disc. However it can also read the information from a disc first, reformat the disc, and write the data back out. This is supposed to refurbish old discs, but doubt that it is of any real use. The option to repair discs where the data is corrupted reads the disc one track at a time. If the data is intact it ignores the track. lf it is unable to read a track it then tries each sector in turn and, if it is unable to read a byte, replaces it with the character X. It then formats that "3°" and writes the track back in its recoveredform. If a file on the disc is

manual claims that the option to salvage data

't may St'" be usable or be

' 2321253113; dam-(aged e y "Up '

Damage to a program ?le '5 more likely t° be fatal, bUt damage to a plcture or text file may be the me '5 made readable by _

Mike Rowe

rGVIews a .

tI‘IO Of .

dlsc utlllty programs

374" dISCS or even also,ata copy rom"O'Q'Ata" t em bUt l was unable to test 1

M!"

ts:_vage

Ifl‘h W'_” W” k h two d nves, e_program _W't one or both smgle and double snded. lt IS almed at the non-technically minded but as a result is not very versatile._ A" options after loading chosen the are_ from keyboard and prompts are given to aid your choice. All the functions was able to test worked well and found "0 bugs. M allows to recover from some dISC you but due to problems,_especually corrupted data, ‘ts powers "m'ted' The manual fts are impllcny ort, bl” the program '5 largely self—explan— $08 W; D'Sk Help ‘S priced £2935“ _

H arn ess'“ the mouse

Utilities overlaps to some extent with Disk Help. However it is far more technical requiring at least a working knowledge of disc architecture and layout.

The program uses the mouse to choose the options. These are simpler and allow direct manipulation of individual bytes on the disc. it is correctabliafter easy to ruin your entire disc in one fell swoop if disc is physically dama ed repcalgr'tryirie?y ifs‘your you do th? wrong thing. then the 0 p tion to salva9 e data off corru p tecglJ or The option to read and alter mduvxdual sectors reads in a specified sector and displays the data zhysmally cofg‘l‘pied a a as pOSSl 9 mmd'ts?s If?" 's° recgver.as.much write n t° a in Ascii form and in hex code. You can easily e_ an_ new, prqperly formatted dISC. Agam, unreadable modify any of the bytes directly on the screen bytes M" be replaced by X' and then have the option of writing these The format option the not from desktop does changes back to the disc. like to ?nd errors and If your disc IS partly The sector to read is chosen by one or two physically damaged there is no way you can ' complete a format. However, the normal format -

in Disk Help tries to format the whole disc and tells you which tracks will not format. You can then use the tracks up to this point to store data, for example as a backup. You can copy discs produced on machines other than the ST, or obtain data from them. The

——-——————-—————-—————May

1986 AtariST

User.__—__—.—n

‘

“i“mv

controlled by the mouse. i found this clumsy and due to errors on my part got some strange noises from my drive. i would have preferred to just type the sector number in from the keyboard. Viewing a file is sliders

essentially the same. When viewing a sector or a file you can search through from that point for a specified string or sequence of hex numbers. if the search is successful it will point to beginning of the string while displaying a view of the relevant sector. Again you can alter the data-as above. The volume name of a disc is chosen when it is first formatted. After choosing this, TOS gives no way of altering it. This can now be easily changed with a few commands. Similarly, the ?le name can be easily changed as can other file parameters in the disc directory such as the read/write status, whether the file is hidden or whether it is a system or a normal ?le. Utilities can format individual tracks and check for and display bad sectors. It also allows you to copy a group of sectors into memory and rewrite it out to the same sectors or different sectors on the same or a different disc. If you accidentally delete a file and then realise you wanted it there is an option to restore all or part of deleted files. If no further data has been written to the disc you should be able to recover the file intact. If data has been written to the disc you may still be able to recover some data from the ?le but it may be incomplete. The options to recover data or repair damaged discs are similar to the options on Disc Help but less

automatic, needing manual operation

—

as a

result they are more versatile.

The program is mouse and keyboardoperated and interfaces well with Gem except for my minor gripe above.A much more serious problem was my inability to get two of the options to work properly. The option to format individual tracks refused to work at all and just folded back into the pull-down menu on execution. Even worse was the copy sector's inconif lucky it worked, sometimes it just sistency folded to the menu, often it would revert back to Gem desktop and several times it completely —

n—_____—_Ataris7'

User

crashed the computer with a bus error. This happened with both the old operating system on disc and the later version in ROM. This was a shame because it spoilt an otherwise nice and exceptionally useful program. Hopefully this has been

corrected

the

release

version.

The manual is similar to Disk Help but larger. it explains the layout of an ST disc and tells you exactly how to use the options. The program

becomes quite usable with only a limited knowled‘ge, provided you take great care and stick to the manual. Utilities costs £39.95.

Odd route I

to co py ln 9 M-Copy isastrange program,supposedly aimed

at software companies to enable them to make multiple copies of a disc. It operates by reading all the data off the disc into memory, ignoring unused sectors. it stops immediatelyon finding any bad sectors and so will not c0py commercially protected discs. It then gives you the option of formatting only the used parts or all of the destination disc and will then produce copy after copy of the original only swapping the destination disc each time. Note that if your TOS is on disc you can only copy discs that are about half full. Only if you have all 512k available can you hold a full single sided disc in memory. Any true software manufacturer would want a

quicker way of duplicating discs than having someone tied up copying one at a time. It does not allow for creation of protection, so it is not much use to them. Few individual users want to make more than one or two backups of a disc and, as it will only copy those that TOS will copy perfectly well, the minimaltime savedwould certainly not be worth the cost of the program. As see it, only someone producing software on an amateur or semi—professional scale would find this program useful. M—Copy costs £49.95. l

May 7986—————————————————

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Planning

SO you got your ST home, invited all your friends and neighbours round, showed off the bouncing ball and perhaps the ?ying bird and they were all suitably astounded, and so.

what do you do now? Chances are you want to try out the machine's graphics for yourself, certainly did. At this point you have a choice. You could mess about with Basic or Logo or, quicker and easier, pick up a graphics program. Basic and Logo each have strengths and weaknesses of their own which we won't go into here, so that leaves us with a graphics package. At the time of writing two such programs are available, Neo-Chrome, free from Atari, and Degas from Batteries included via Ariolasoft. Neo-Chrome is free for the asking from your Atari dealer and as such may be more common than Degas. it is a powerful program and, once the bugs in the latest revision have been ironed out, could well become the standard format. The strongest feature of this package and the advantage it has over Degas is the animation facility. Two forms of animation are available from Neo, colour indirection and true frame—byframe. The running waterfall demos are done purely with colour indirection, in other words, the picture remains constant at all times but the colours in the “paint pots" are cycled. You can arrange for any number of consecutivecolour registers to be cycled in either direction and you can choose the speed. if you save your masterpiece while the colours are cycling it will come to life when viewed with the slide show program that accompanies Neo. Obviously, to make good use of this function you have to plan the picture in some detail right from the start. The true animation facility is incomplete in my copy, but it is with this system So

Kev BUImer .

beglns a

new serles on ST _

graphics by looking at the two available packages, NeoChrome and Degas

s to

animation

I rightly

lea

that the flying bird was achieved. it looks as though it will be powerful and easy to use when finished. Neo is still under development by an Atari employee, Dave Staugas, apparently in his spare time, and Atari is handing out the latest version to user groups and dealers as extra features are added. Obviously, as with any program which is still being developed, bugs are present, but at least the program does run and it can be used. The notable bugs in the latest version (number 6) concern two of the new icons. The first is the movie camera. it seems that the code behind this button has not been written so that when it is chosen a sub—menu appears but it is totally unresponsiveto any attempted choice.This does not affect your work, it only wastes your time. The other bug is more serious, but can easily be avoided. Do not choose the icon which consists of a rectangle, a circle and a polygon. suspect that when it is finished this will allow you to draw solid or outline shapes. if you select this feature at the moment an exact replica of the control panel is dumped on to your painting, obliterating about half of it. So avoid this by not selecting this icon. All the Neo drawing functions are controlled from the left of the panel which sits on the lower half of the screen. These include free hand drawing, line drawing, spray painting, erasing, moving or duplicating blocks of the screen, adding text, filling, moving the whole image and also working with the disc. Across the top of the control panel are the 16 paint pots. An arrow points to the colour currently in use. in the right of the panel is a window called the mixer which offers full control of the palette. There is a swatch of colour here with its RGB values to its right (000 for black, for example). By pointing to a number and pressing a I

?n":

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ST User

May 7986——————————-——"—__‘

button you can increment or decrement the value and instantly see the colour change. Pointing to the colour itself and double-clicking will transfer it to the paint pot you are using. Likewise pointing to a pot and double-clicking will bring the resident colour down into the window for you to examine. To the right of the number and to the left of the colour sample are two arrows. Clicking on these starts the colour movement, the more you click the faster the colours change. Which colours are affected is controlled from the paint pots across the top of the panel. If you look closely at these you will see that two are shaped like arrowheads. Pointing at either and clicking the right hand mouse button allows you to drag the pointer to the pot of yoUr choice. The colours in between the arrows will be the ones which cycle. Simple really! Next to the colour window isa button labelled Undo. Clicking it undoesthe last action. This is a lifesaver if a fill has Split and obliterated your picture. If you have turned off the control panel, toggled with the escape key, turning it back on counts as the last action, so use the key marked undo on the keyboard itself. Neo allows you the choice of several styles of text to print on the screen. If you look on page 68 of your Logo Sourcebook you will see them all printed out. The only drawback is limited flexibility when placing text on the screen. Once the cursor has been positioned that is where your text will appear. The Grabberallows you to scroll the picture behind the control panel so that you do not have to turn it off to see all of your screen. The nicest feature about Neo-chrome, and really can't praise it enough, is the window in the centre of the control panel. This area shows you all 512 colours on a grid. To choose a colour simply point to it and click, it will then appear in the mixer area ready to be moved to your palette. The window is not large enough to allow you to see all of the colours at once but by pointing at it and holding down the right—hand mouse button you can scroll it left and right with a relative of the Grabber who moves the main screen. This in itself is a nice feature, but as y0ur do mean pencil, the arrow icon pencil (yes to a pencil when you draw) moves out of changes mouse

‘

the control panel and over the picture, this window becomes a scrolling zoom window. This means that no matter where you are on screen or what drawing operation you are carrying out as long as the control panel is visible you can see an enlarged version of your picture. find when drawing that tend to look at this window and only occasionally up at the main screen to check my position relative to the rest of my work. Degas is beautifully presented and has, in my opinion, the edge over Neo-chrome. Also on the program disc are some sample pictures, a font editor, a slide show and a conversion program to make Neo-chrome pictures into Degas pictures. One of Degas' strongest advantages is that it can be used to draw in all of the ST's three graphics modes. This will not be so important when Atari start selling STs with modulators, but for those of us who have already bought our ST and cannot afford a colour monitor, Degas is the only way to draw (let's forget about Doodle shall we?). The ?rst chapter in the book recommendsthat you make a back-up copy of the program disc and use that in future. This is excellent advice. especially if, like me, you soon start to customise your disc with new fill patterns, brushes and fonts. The most immediate difference between Degas and Neo is that Degas uses a full screen menu and flips to your painting when you want to I

;

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paint. This is toggled by the right hand mouse button and is the only function this button is used for. Several drawing modes are available, freehand, points, lines, K-Iines and rays. The airbrush mode on Degas is worth a medal. Unlike the spray can in Neo, it acts like the real thing. The longer you hold the can in one position, the thicker the deposit of paint there, and on top of that you can set the nozzle size and the airflow. There isa?ll mode, ofcourse,with 38 built—in fill patterns and the ability to design your own several are patterns and save them to disc already on disc in fact. Worth a mention while am talking about the ?ll feature is that the undo key works in Degas too. A large selection of geometric shapes are available including circles, boxes and polygons and solid or outline. The cursor can be slowed down for precise work, areas ofthe screen can be moved or copied to others, a mirror can be set up in any of several planes, the working drive is easily specified from a sub-menu which includes a ram disc if one is present and you havefull control over the palette of colours. Perhaps the best feature of this utility is its text handling. Asmall window on the right of the control screen shows a view of the type face currently in use. You can load another font, perhaps one you created with the editor supplied, into the window and write with that. Pointing at the text window and clicking the mouse button cycles through up to six permutations of the font. Leave the style you want to use visible, point to text on the menu and go to your painting. You —

can now type away and see your text on screen and by moving the mouse, scroll the legend to exactly where you want it to be. Pressing the mouse button paints the letters on the image. Another powerful and effectivefeature should be mentioned. The Degas menu has a box marked shadow which on hi-res systems is in grey and cannot be used. In colour this choice allows some simple but effective images to be created easily. _As its name suggests you can set up a shadow in any of the availablecolours in any

amt! The uater’s ”I"!

Hey,

of eight directions away from the original and at any distance from one to 16 pixels. This looks nice when used on lettering and is used on a sample picture on the disc in this way. What is worth noticing, though, is that shadow works with almost all of the drawing functions notjust text. Ashadowed airbrush used with two shades of green and a displacement of two or three pixels allows for rapid spraying of foliage. Drawing a plan view with shadow set, if used carefully, can work out most of the light and shade in your picture. There are two small bugs in Degas which, like those in Neo, are irritating but can be lived with. When saving a monochrome picture for the first time there is a tendency for the colours to be reversed.This does not happen every time and it is simple to correct. The other flaw is with the Gem choice boxes. These appear when you have to choose a disc file to load or save to. The bug manifests itself as ghost choices. You may not have pressed your mouse button or even pointed at anything, but the computer chooses a file or blank file or cancels the menu all by itself. If this happensjust try again. lt is quite easy to forgive the flaws in Neo since it is still being developed and after all, is free. Degas, however, is a commercially published program and should not contain two such obvious bugs. The two packages offer pretty much the same features although with some important differen— ces. Neo has its animation facility, its visible colour palette and its price in its favour whereas Degas has its stronger text handling, shadowing, mirroring, polygon routines, its flexibility and a couple of useful programs on the disc. lf not for their incompatible picture files would use them both while working on a design to take advantage of the various good points. This is possible new that André Willey has written a Degas-to—Neo converter. 0 These are the tools available, and next' month [shall describe the process ofpainting with them and discuss some of the techniques needed for successful computer graphics. Kev Bulmer I

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9 Se

Let Neo animate

sag

your Degas drawings MOST proud owners of Atari's new 1 6 bit ST computers will by now have received a copy of the free drawing package Neo— Chrome, which offers a wide range of facilities, including a couple of rather nice animation routines. However as the final version is not yet ready there are no circles, boxes and so on, and the text features are rather limited. So when Tom Hudson's drawing package Degas, which had all of these extra options, was released many people rushed out and bought copies. The disc even included a program to convert your Neo pictures into a form Degas could use, so you could continue with your early masterpieces. If you read Kev Bulmer's article you'll see that the advantages of Degas are many, but that it does not contain any colour rotation or other animation commands. This prompted me to think that many peeple would like to be able to use their Degas drawn pictures with Neo's animation. There is, perhaps understandably, no routine provided to convert your Degas pictures back into Neo format, so decided to write one. The first question was simple the manual keeps referring to 1,2 or 4 plane graphics modes Neo using the 4 plane variety so what on earth does that mean? started examining the ?les with a sector editor, and after much trial and had it error rather more error than trial worked out. Most of you will have already worked out that a 16 colour screen display will need a minimum of four binary bits to define each pixel or dot on

the next three bits of the data for that same set of 16 pixels. The fifth word then starts again with the first bits of pixels 17 to 32, and so on. If this all sounds a bit complicated have a look at Diagram To find the colour of the first pixel on the screen take the first bit of each of the first four words, and put them side by side. This is then the binary code for the pixel’s colour. The ST uses colourindirection, meaning thata screen pixel of colour refers to the contents of the first colour register, not that the pixel should be displayed in the first colour out of 512. Thus if you change the contents of the register via the control panel, for example, everything drawn in colour will take on the new value. Each colour has three parts to it, the red, green, and blue levels, which make up the complete 512 colour range. Each of the three levels can be between 0 and 7, and these are stored within two bytes, each taking up four bits. Each four bits could theoretically store any number from 0 up to 15, so perhaps a future 1.

—

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the screen.

This is verified by the fact that the screen is 32k long 320 x 200 pixels = 320 x 200 x 4 bits, or 32000 bytes. The first colour would be coded as 0000, the next as 0001, then 0010, and so on. Just to make things easy for you though the data format bears no resemblanceto this neat 4 bit pattern. The data is split up into "words" which are 16 bits wide think of them as 2 bytes. The first four ”words” must, therefore, contain the data for the first 16 pixels

Offers the

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best both

‘

—

worlds with a package to convert

on screen. In monochromethis is much easier. Each pixel is controlled by 1 bit only, so the ?rst word covers the first 16 pixels, the second word the next 16, and so on. In order to make the computer's job easier Atari decided to follow a similar format for the other modes, and we find that the first word contains the first bit of data for the first 16 pixels.

Degas pICtures to N 80 '

format

The next three words contain, respectively, ———-————-———————-—May

7986 Atari ST

User——————-_-——-——————m

"wonder graphics" chip may handle 16 x 16 x 16 colours, giving 4,096 possibilities in all—does that remind you of anything? Now that we have discovered the screen format and the format of the colour registers, how does all of that ?t into the file format of

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1v111.1.1 "scour 14'6ginput "Ent

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gotoxy Open

533

“21129 as field set outwords=

1'/.(

ror put

then

is;

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{iEId

“2-2

as to 17

17-=2

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set

u 13

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"in

Converting formats

“Z

100-150 160—180

for 17151 to 4 lset °utwords=mkiswhzgzm put “2

Te”:

17-

190

Di: ”EUtw°rd’=m“"&“252m

lset 0utwords=mk1s (“20201 put «2 lsel: outwerds=mk1s(&hen15)

22:

590

sins;

PLEASE wAIT

16017

‘

inputfile.

24.14.? Conversion

2=end

. ‘

Tells Basic that each data item is two bytesin-length. 200-230 Check rfthe Degas file ism low-res. 240—330 Set up the output ?le and wrlte zerostoit. 340-380 Transferthe colourvalues. 390-480 Setupthe Neospecialdata words. 490-530 Transferthescreen data itself. 540—590 Closefile, check if more?lestodo.

Complete-n 9°:°*Y 9° OXY 20,16:1nput "Anoth er F ile? (Yes or if left$(re P 1 Y $ 11)—_" Y " or leftsh'eplys ' 1): if 1eft$(rep1ys.1)<>unu Ind left$(

clearw

. . . "

Set up the screen. Get the ?lenames and open the

close .

outwords

get “mil/3 leet OGtWOFU5=1nwords put «2, 1'/.+47

550 560 570 580

"e"

5021 5191

52”

“19m!“ >".ins Filename >u“‘

(NED)

zsftrmg‘“23'm"m”

490

530 540

TO N EU FORMAT"

£50 60

450 460

NED

outwords

for

t COnv 9" t

creating

"R".;2,fs.1za

get an . 17. lset outwords-inWOr — as Dut 102,17.“

4421

17.=1 to 402,17.

.. 7.7c-c a" 7.“DK.

19 9.

34“

4121

12=cv1(1nwords)

£00

Pictures

understood

January 1986"

in "W“

323

39.2, 4012)

DEGAS

are

2321 2421

329)

know. Once the two formats

2'1’1'1’1

was“) "Entg: $322?nation

gotoxv 14,7: input

open

all

DEGAS (Low RES) PICTURE By Andre 1111 19)“

7-7

go any

lfanyone has feund out the purposes ofany of the other data bytes, why not write in and let us

0,1:color

Ziggézxy VERT

7:7"

but the ones

Unknown (0,0). Colour registers 0-15. Unknown. Low 8 bits = position of colour scroll markers. Words 25 & 26 Colour scroll settings, speed/time, and so on. Words 27-63 Unknown (empty at present). Words 64—16063 Screen data (32000 bytes).

t ° Convert

1996

Held gel: on

330

H—

Simple

123 200

27m 280 290 300 310

rem

as yet,

WordsO-1 Words 2-17 Words 18-23 Word 24

Degas and Neo? Well Degas has a very simple format. The first word is a flag to indicate the resolution of the ?le, with 0 being low—res, 1 = medium res and 2 = high-res (monochrome). We are only interested in a value of 0 here, as Neo will only work in low-res. The next 16 words are the 16 colour register values, and the next 32000 bytes are a straight dump of the screen data. Neat, eh? Neo, on the other hand, has many extra bytes of data to handlethe colour animation and so on.

haven't worked them all out far are as follows:

in use so

No)";replys " "

replys,1)<>

th on 120 "N" then 560

Atari ST User May 1586—_——________

conversion program is very easy. havewritten it in ST Basic, which makes it rather slow, but at least everyone will have a chance to type it in and use it. was using medium-res colour mode at the time, so you may need to change some of the print statements to fit it neatly on to your screen. The program will ask for source and destination file names, for example A:FILE.PI1, and B:NEWFILE.NEO if you have two drives. lt

will then transfer the data from one file to the other, and ask if you have any more files to convert. Type Yes or No here. have not used the INKEY$ function as it has some bugs in it on most Basic discs, so you'll have to press Return aften/vards.The resultant file will be ready to load into Neo. have fun... André Willey

Pixelsonthescreen: Word (first bits): Word 2 (second bits): Word 3 (third bits): Word 4 (fourth bits): 1

\§ ‘

2 4 8

4 8

2 4 8

4 8

Thus, taking the first bit of each word, and adding them up as above, you will find the colour register for the first pixel, and so on across the full 16 bits. Diagram

Each

of the

colour registers is de?ned as follows: First Byte

Bit

Colour EG:

Second Byte

6 G

Would

mean:

red

level

blue level 4, green level 7.

(or $0147)

Diagram I/

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'u===-'-=j=:===5===::=====-:-===15--=:==:===:==-=:=:::==:=====:==::====:=:=:=:=:===::-:=== 1986 Atari ST

User—————————*___im

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th' The Atari 104OSTFemploys state of the art 16/32 bit technology. Yet its price is unbeatable. The ST range of computers already has a large number of software programmes available, includingword processors, spreadsheetsand databases,as well as a variety of programming languages and specialist business packages. The 104OSTFwill also run software written on several other popular operating systems,includingCP/ M. It has a 1024K Ram, integral le (unformatted) double—sided 31/2” disk drive, twofbutton mouse and built—in power supply. The operating system is in Rom, leaving Ram free for applications. Basic and Logo programming languagescomplete the package. With 12” monochrome monitor, we recommend it sells for £799 excluding VAT saving you at least £1600 against its nearest rival. The price of our 14” colour system is a remarkably low £999 excluding VAT. As the American magazine ‘Byte’ commented, “for some time to come the 104OSTFwill be the clear leader in price/ performance.” For the name of your nearest dealer, ring Teledata on 01—200 0200. ,.

' ‘

l d And th t nb at bl '

45mg;

The ST's future on ShOW at the .

THE ?rst Atari User Show in March was a that the spare sockets inside the 104OST are to Jeff Minter was there great success. hold some new chips that will expand the ST's demonstrating his incredible Colourspace capabilities. The new chips will probably never continuallythe entire weekend. At various be available for the 520 unless a third party stands it was Possible to see all the ST manufacturer develops some method of giving software and have a little play with it. the 520 the extra sockets. The new 104OST and 5203TM made their The ?rst of the new chips will be a hardware ?rst UK appearance.As mentioned last month, blitter a blitter is designed to move large areas the 5ZOSTM is simply a SZOST with a built-in of memory around at great speeds without modulator which allows you to use low-res on a relying on the ST's 68000 processor for help. TV. The 104OST has a built in double sided disc Second will be a graphics chip which will drive, 1mbyte of RAM memory and ROMed expand the ST's resolution and give 4096 colours. Both chips will be available by the end of operating system. There was very little new software for the ST. the year and shouldn't cost much more than However the software houses that first £125 each. Their addition will mean that there announced ST titles last September were will be five different versions of the ST showing completed versions of their games and 5203TM, 104OST, 104OSTWith blitter, 104OST business titles. Several houses are developing with new graphics chip and 104OST with both advanced word processors which will have new chips. built-in spell checkers and allow pasting of Atari sees the SZOSTM as the base machine which will soon be available from your favourite graphic pictures and diagrams. Probably the most interesting place at the High Street retailers. For serious business uses show, at least for 520 owners, was a small stand there will be the 104OST. Atari feels that the new chips will be added if displaying various hardware products. AST, who have previously Spent most of their time and when necessary. For example a user who wants to use his spreadsheet at the fastest developing add-onsforthe BBC computers, have now turned their guns on the 5203T- At the possible speed will add the blitter and the 1040 show they were selling a memory board tO owner who wants to do video design will add a expand the 520 to 1mbyte for £100 and double blitter and the new graphics chip. sided 3.5 disc drives for about £100 less than Atari is probably right in this approach why Atari's own. pay for extra chips that you'll never use? fear, Near the entrance of the show was however, that dealerswillall too easily be able to sell the new chips to people who don't really Megamax's stand. They are probably best known to you as authors of the excellent need them.We'Iljust have to wait 10 months to find out. Megaroids game, which was written as a of demonsftraéioan own can’t a or tari'sMegarnjax'sic eve oper compilzriézyéo; pac this a serious look. Their should you give own ST development pack contains all you need MR J. Partner and severalothers have written m to start serious ST development and will soon be to available in this country for about £150. complain about STWriter's inability to disnlav the Of that in Overall the show was very exciting for ST vertical type apostrophe appears the STerter manual. This is a bug m the ST owners. We saw the ST celebrate its first it was announced in Europe last Operating system WhiCh has been sorted em in birthday the ROM versions. lf YOU upgrade tO ROM your March with an ever growing base of good problems Should be solved. quality software. We also saw the future of the H. Symonds, from Harrogate, ST series. lVlr has written On the Saturday afternoon of the show there detailing a problem he has been havmg With his was a private seminar for software developers. system diSCS- Sometimes When he attempts t° bOOt up his ST it requests the system diSC. even The main item of interest to come out of this was i

—

send Yelii' Atari ST que?es (02 AN DREW BENNETT, Atari ST User' .

Europa

HOUSE.

68 ChesterRoad ' Hazel Grove, StockI)on SK7 SNY

PrODIems'prOb'ems _

—

m_—_—___—_Atari

37 User May 7986——————_-—-—

u "‘

so“

J‘L '

the Price

‘

-«

‘ a

though he has it in the drive. have been havin9 a similar problem with my own ST. It is caused by a badly seated chip inside the ST. The chip in question is either U1 or U9_ |f you push these chips firmly into their sockets peace should be restored. if you don't feel confident enough to open up your ST your dealershould be l

’

able to help. Paul Wooding has difficulty printing out Basic listings, his printer insisting on placing a blank line between every line of listing. This can usually be solved by changing the setting of one of the DlP switches inside the printer (see the printer manual for more details). The ST already sends a carriage return after each line and therefore you

should turn off the carriage return inside the printer. A few of you have had problems with the listings I’ve given over the last couple of months. You should take careful note of the spelling of the various variables. For example one variable is called CONTRLratherthan CONTROL. lfyou use CONTROL by mistake the ST will crash and display several small pictures across the middle of the screen. These will either be little atomic bombs (system on disc) or small spy bomb symbols (system in ROM).

* * * Many of you may havewatched Micro Live on March 14. At the beginning of the programme Fred Harris and Lesley Judd spent approximately four minutes discussing the Atari Show and the 1040 and SZOSTM. As far as can remember this is the first time in its history that Micro Live has mentioned Atari or shown its products in any but a background role. The report was full of snide comments. For example Atari were accused of doctoring their comparison between the Commodore Amiga I

___—____—_———May

HINTS 0 Take good care of your ST's mouse. If you should lose it, a replacement from Atari will cost you a staggering £52. 0 Rush along to your dealer for a new upgraded versionof 1.06 has most of the st Word. This new version features that you have lacked {judging from your letters). TO obtain VOW COPY YOU'” have to take 3/0179 VOW original 1 st Word disc and your dealer will copy the new versionon to it. Make sure that you haven’t any document ?les on the -—

—

07501

and

the Man's

ST.

Hardly any

Qet'Qhefa'

software was shown and give the ST ”W

t°

a t ' b o.m p

' I ' t Y W a S " e p 0 rt 9 d" a s " °_t able to run well known ‘BM software. Thls be'“? the fact that I saw various IBM packages despite

rummg quite happily 0" the STof MOS} t“? four minutes was spent discussmg Rainblrd's Pawn adventure game and ST software was demonstrated. Micro "_° 0th,“ didn't even feel that the show warranted a Live “190 camera. Come on BBC! In Micro Live you have the opportunity to supply a magazine format programme showing new software for all machines, interviews, and hardware reviews. Micro Live has becomelittle more than an advert for the BBC Micro and spends most of its time discussing computers in education. As evidence, Consider the period when Acorn was having financial problems. While the computer press were reporting Acom's problems without bias, Micro Live spent several minutes defending Acorn and accusing the press for somehow bringing Acorn down. Write to me giving your feelings on this matter. ,

1986 Atari ST User —__..._..____——-‘

MM 6/10 A 8” M01 [A

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£49.95 _

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A profeSSional quality macro assemblerWith many useful features for the serious

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ronment to control their programs, using pull-downmenus and the mouse. Easy-to-use. Runs Single programsor batches, avoidsrepetitive command line entry. The user can add his own tools, argumentsand options. Runs any programs not just Metacomcoproducts.

Macro expanSions. Over 160 expliCit error messages. Fully formatted listings. Large range of directives. Includes a debugger. The macro assembler chosen by Commodore for the

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THESEADVANTAGESthat meets the > compllef INTEGRATED RANGE or LANGUAGES ONTHESTAND OTHER pOWeFfUt ISO 7185 Standard A fast €¥3Ctlng (level 0) Metacomco’s rangeoflanguagesfortheSTprovidesan integrated Single pass compiler, generatmg "athe COdeand consistent programming environment for ST programmers. Po d les 'tte Pa cal, As bl can all be 32 (SWOT handling Metlarclomlcgl’s with Iiitkgeirfaggrgthet‘. STSlanguazzrgarzrctormpatible COm?flll'ethSIVe b?tEESEszI' pOlnt theirlanguagesforAmigaand 0L. Make iteasyto portyourpromat .b't ramsb choo 'n Metacomco. oats??? 3?”I'lth 088” by értthmetlc ommodore0” e integers. miga. .

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”palm" “grams

format floating point arithmetic. Powerful data

types including pointers, arrays, structures,

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May 1986 Atari 37 User—————————-

mlCl'OllDlt in association with _..___,,_v

E rE 7

Panacea/100ml

:’ 5

5.5

i 5

5 “T: i:

.—.

g—

—

r' 5:5

g“

-=_

E 5

_._

E 3:

55—5

g: '

Mierol’nk slashes OLD-fashioned

tele rams

have

been projected ingto the Electronics Age in the form —

of Telemessages. The difference is that today you compose the message on your micro, transmit it over aphone line via MicroLink, and it is delivered by the POStma? the

following morning, neatly presented in a distinctive, eye-catching yellow envelope that just demands attention! The Telemessage service was originally introduced so that people could phone their message to the operator. You can still do this, but it costs £4 for “P to 50 words. Now, using your computer and MicroLink, it only costs £1.45 for up to 350 words!

Which

is sufficient for an average business letter—anda small price to pay if it means

you beat the opposition clinch that all-important

to con—

tract.

What’s more, for an extra your message can be delivered inside an attractive

6513

e-mail $8! BRITISH Telecom’s

“Dialcom

Up to 150 words Up to 200 words Upto 250 words Up to 300 words Upto 350words

Dutch

|cro

Llnk

with

t: th:

wig;

Page 35

network Dialcom tralia, Canada,

withaitiac m electromc ,.m other. by to other add1t10n messaging an serv1ces such as telex telemessages.

“AS

“33:55: England

“It

baéorldCause

a, d ent1st who is interested m °°mPuters 1 ?nd .

lght

comand

are

1nst1mh

commumcation

I l

good w... e,

USA

the

vistyt"

and

alsO makggckly: It easier to get anSWers tom

about computing _yi?‘{estions is sometimes computer informanbn in as we are not so muc?uw’ . things as you into these Very dif?cult to

ngt

“I

have a

En inn

25,112"?!th gus A’;IicroL1’1ilretc,t e~ tat’s Tele 5:3)“; Computers says.

u;-

witgh

made

atrlid e

areonA

Denrlréar West Germany, Hong erIreland, Israel, Korea, Ne tcling, Puerto Zealand, lands, New Rico and Smgapore. in al. t h es: Subscribers countrles' can,have

8:51.31 et‘fmun“ .. t...

colleagues all over and he Should know he’s a dentist,

the other countries

UK,

B an-

?fe”

“MicroLmk Will be able to from bene?t in the many ways that W111 revitalised Dialeom result from BT’s mvolvement. “We can expect many technical developments that will considerably enhance the service we offer our subscribers”. Dialcom has been sold to ET by ITT, the US conglomerate, which has recently been divesting itself of a number of its subs1d1ar1es. L88t year it had an 111me

when he is“ ?ll' Pu?ing teeth at his s mg or m Spanbroek he can en be found at the key be ard Of h1s micm“1 us

YOUR Chance to jOIn

MicroLmk till growmg Butits torevenue;al wasn t suf?cient stoplosses. °°m runmng up heavy ET 15 PUtth “1 1ts 8:1? management and in mm to be back expectsftib y . «1:32:18 .. USA In add1t10n to

messaging e national un er says. way”,

mu?icate

has a head

SUb§C?ber J,w_ gDegTCH

£1.45

licencees, the (éwine}; o s is the UK Telecom forms p which

POSitiO? toOtake advarytage Of the dramatic increase m‘interthat is now

direct to the postal nearest the recipient’s address. There it is printed out, put into the special envelope, and passed on to the local postman for delivery. It’s as simple as that! Until now you could only send electronic mail if your recipient also had a computer. Now you can send aTelemessage to any address in the UK — all 22 million of them. (And there is also a next-day service for anyofthe 90millionhomes in the USA.)

£4.00 £6.25 £8.50 £10.75 £13.00 £15.25 £17.50

start all the other compames engaged in electronic mud on a is m the best 3101381 scale “d

London

its 100,000

largest

over

delivery of?ce

V108

e ees thec SSA mailboliltesfin arges antd is from

electronic mail service, has been welcomed by Derek Meakin, head of MlcroLmk.

m...

Upto 50 words Upto 100 words

of $19 million from

takeover

of Dialcom, the world’s largest

mainframe in

What it costs to send a Telemessage:

greetings card. So if you’ve almost forgot~ ten your loved one’s birthday, or it’s too late to buy a card or you’ve simply missed the last post — Telemessages can be a real godsend. To ensure delivery by first post the following morning you have to send your message before 8 m. It is instant] transmittgd, exactly in mi form you keyed it in, via the

MicroLink

the cost of Tele messages

55F

.—

;

5&-

kilt].e 0 i‘n?mm?fiends in

ad[1:11.1ch {cit}? .

service

alsozszsfoge send fast

0" t e surprise

and I’m

to profe messages S§lona1,magazines and or gamFaflons like the Dental A ssoc1at10n in .

America”.

May 7986 ATARI USER

__________—________

use

Sterile approach

“sew

0 ma

S S

—'

IQS

yet "

The traditional approach of this software might be accept— able for the grammar school where it would be backed up with teaching and an in—depth explanation. But the course is no use for pupils who wish to teach themselves. Even if the computer is used to the full it still requires a skilled teacher to enable the average and above average Child to learn from this package, and a skilled teacher

the children mathematics

would in

study senior

school.

Although referred to as a course, they are at best a simple aid to learning, and at worst just a series of mathematics tests. The authors say the pro— grams are designed to assist those studying CSE and 0 and that level mathematics using them will increase the pupil's abilities in math— ematics. Yet the first four discs merely offer tests where they are marked and timed and the help pages offer little more than

traditional

would. The questions

there

appears

above 0 level standard to

understand the questions f and some of the explanations. There is a market both in

and at home for revision software, but for it to be of real value it needs to be sound in its subject content school

and to take into account how the child learns.

develop an investigatory approach to mathematics

there is little room in school for such sterile software, Although it could provide a revision aid for a bright child who had already attained the required standard, it does not

s pY| “9 a

fan of Mad

magazine you will undoubt— edly know about the Spy vs Spy comic strip. For those of you who don't, the stories follow a deadly duel between two opposing spies, one dressed in black and the other in white. After the success ofthe ?rst Spy vs Spy computer game the spies have now returned to continue battle in Spy vs Spy

II: The Island Caper. The game boots up with an attractive title page. After a short pause a plane ?ies past Shooting holes in the titles, then another follows in to destroy more of the picture. The pilots are the spies and, after wrecking the screen they ?y off and the display changes to the main screen. A big selling point with the Spy vs Spy games is the way in which they display the action. Star Software has designed a screen with two monitors connected toa main computer via ribbon cables. The two monitors show the position of the spies — this is called simulvision. They also update in real time, and this is

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the computer,

would find little in this software to excite them. The computer has no screen graphics to speak of

textbook

common thread and the pupil can get the correct answer bY entering incorrect inputs. Failure results in an explan— ation, but even this is inade— quate if understanding is to arise. The language used is difficult to understand, for exam— ple: “A number in standard form is a number expressed as a number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10". Disc 5 amounts to a test of tests. it is the revision section and as a reflection of the efficiency ofthe course you are given three attemptsto getthe correct answer instead of two. Success at this level would guarantee a pass at 0 level as the pupilwould have to be well

28 ATARI USER

and little interaction and the documentation is limited, Children using the programs felt demoralised by them and showed little motivation - an unusual state considering they were using

'7‘“"J‘M2;;

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THE Software Factory has produced a series of five discs called CSE and GCE 0 Level Maths to match the ?ve years

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pad with the latest spy technology, the Trapulator tech—

gadget aids you in your ?ght for the missile. it shows what you have in your inventory and also allows you to access the equipment that you have acquired. nological

explanation

t ea sy. but

called simulplay. A monitor will display a 3D view of the landscape and you can move your spy away to the distance, towards you and left and right. Moving to the edge of the screen forces more landscape to scroll on, and little gaps at the top and bottom of some screens allow access to the north and south of the island. The object is to recover all three parts of a top secret missile. in the Mad fashion this missile is not an Exocet or a Polaris, but an XJ4 1/4. It has crashlanded on Spy Island and broken up into the three parts that you must retrieve and assemble. The island has only one resident, an active volcano which is about to erupt, so quick completion of your mission is essential. The spies have been equip—

Model FSS 85. This

providethecareful

that most children need. I suspect that the children who would most bene?t from this set of programs will already enjoy using textbooks anyway. Alan Coode

You have

good selection

of devious weapons with which to trap or attack your foe — from napalm to a coconut gasoline bomb. Your can also dig holes and put sharp sticks down them. This has a nasty effect on any spy unlucky enough to fall into a pit. My favourite is the rope snare. You select the rope frOm the trapulator and climb up a tree tying one end to the ‘tree top, you then stretch the other end to the ground. Once the snare is set it becomes invisible, so you must remember where you set it. lfa spy triggers off the snare he will be lifted in to the air and left dangling from the tree. All of the traps deplete your strength and delay you for a few seconds, giving the other spy time to do more dirty work.

lf you want spy to spy combat

then you must

front your enemy. When

con—

spy enters the same area as his opponent the simulvision ends and all attention is switched to just one monitor. You are also unable to a

May 1986 ll

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3 IN Gremlin Graphics' King of the Ring you are the manager of a boxer. It’s your task to guide your fighterthrough four fights before taking on the world champion. You must use skill to select the correct training strategy and tactics to guide your boxer to victory. That's what the cassette inlay said, but all Ifound in this game were two jerky page flipped boxers and lots of laborious typing. The game starts off with a list of 20 opponents 3from

which you pick a contest the opponent you choose is considered too high grade you try again. After that you are given a screen of information on your opponent rangingfromhis age to his fight record. You should be able to get an idea of what sort of ?ghter he is from this. Next you train for the ?ght by choosing four out of the following six routines — sparring, punch bag, weights, gym work, footwork and road work. Each is supposed to develop —

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Once one is picked then it's on to another list, this time awarding priority points for the way you ?ght each round. Options available are footwork, infighting, attack and defence. The more points awarded for an option, the more effort is put into that choice. By now my ?ngers were

?ght strategies.

example road work increases stamina and weights will improve punching power. After assessing your training you choose a strategy from another list. You have four set

be fun

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your trapulator while in combat range. You have two methods of attacking an enemy spy. You can either jab your opponent with a sword when you enter combat mode, or smash him over the” head with the sword. There are also natural hazards you need to look out for. The island has small areas

you will soon drown. In these‘ parts the sea is infested with hungry green— gilled mud sharks with an appetite for spies. The only need for venturing out to sea is

of quicksand, which when stepped in can be hard to

goal first

access

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escape from. The sea looks nice for a quick dip but if you wander into deep waters you ?nd that spies are poor swimmers and.

for

Caper a great game in the two la er the computergvzw “15,133,333; hard to beat. To overcome this problem I just changed the computer's IQ IeveL One pleasing feature was that the program cou|d be played via the keyboard as well as joystick. You also have control over which level you Wish to play. On two of the levels there are two islands, making the game longer and much more fun_ The only disappointment was one small bug which I fOUhd- i somehow managed to get a screen where a tree had been split in half and all the perspective went wrong—this only happened once in many hours Of game playing, 50 it wasn't too bad. es eciall

‘

player who

has

assembled the missile to find his off—shore submarine which will take him home. The spy who achieves his

gets onto the and agirl pops out

submarine of the hatch to give her hero

small kiss

the cheek.

Finally, they bothjump intothe sub and dive deep James Bond style. Altogether I found

’

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Spy

Spy II,

is a

well

presented and complete

game. It is slightly dif?cult for Younger players to get tO grips

with

but great value for

. money. Disc price is 514-95, cass— ette £9.95 and you need a minimum of 48k RAM. ‘

Richard Vanner

wondering if I was ever going to fight. But the bell sounded my andlgotachanceiomatch boxer's progress. U is 90th you have the excitement of watching the other boxer belt the "Vihg daylights OUt Of YOU while amassing a large DUhCh count. This goes on until you either win or lose and then it's back m the start for a new Opponent Four wins and you fi 9 ht the World Cham P ion who generally pulverlses VOUAfter playing the game for more than thfee hours I lost interest. It seems to lack action and strategy. {as you 0n'Y have limited set choices. There is sparse use ofsound and graphics. The fighters themselves are outlines WhiCh are well drawn but badly animated. This is one °f Gremlin Graphics' ?rst releases for the Atari bUt it iswell knownforits quality games 0" other micros. so let's C8" this a start and hope they work their way up. NO'( the bestofgamesbUtit will please some people — but |°°kbef°fe YOU buy, otherwise YOU may feel YOU have been hit below the belt. Paul Irvine .

May 1986 ATARI USER

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MY Atari 800XL came with an inadequate nine page reference guide that told me little of the computer's capabilities and nothing at all about the player missile graphics system. And that'sapity, for player missile graphics— henceforth PMG —deserve a prominent place in anything that claims to be a guide to the Atari computer. The name is derived from the days when most computer games featured ..' battles with alien invaders.The fierce alieq shape and the spaceship used to . hthem are known as players, with the laser beams or missiles tearing around the screen appropriately . _

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invented to make the \PMG ‘|ife of the shoot 'em up games 'programmer easier. The system processes such things as animation, collision detection and shape priority. The name is misleading, for PMG can be used for all sorts of things. In

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30 ATARI USER

passes over. It can also be used to display graphs or charts in more business

orientated programs. Other computers, SUCh as the Commodore 64, have similar graphic systems, but generally these are known by the Updated and think better name of Sprites. Inside Atari 3 bit computers these include the 400, 800, XL and XE series are two microchips called and GTiA which are separate Aritic microprocessors dedicated to hand— i

—

ling screen If

displays. you followed Mike Rowe’s series

year’sAtar/Useryouwill have how, by USihQ display “St seen interrupt techniques, AHtiC and GTIA can be to produce Specaccessed multicoloured effects. tacular These chips also process the player missrle in last

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Unfortunately Atari has not seen fit to support player missile graphics with any Basic commands. There are some extended Basic add extra commands

programs that which can be used to control the system, for example Basic XL reviewed in the December 1985 issue ofAtari User. the advantage of Without extended Basic you must resign

_______________.

l,” yourself to lots of POKE statements if you wish to use player missiles in Basic programs. This can be complex, but the effort required to understand the system is well worth it. Incorporating PMG can add a touch of class to a Basic program. This month's program demon— strates some aspects of the system and illustrates how some of the jargon associated with PMG is employed. The first part shows the screen area on which text and graphics can be displayed. This screen display area is called Playfield 0. The border around the display area is known as the background. Anything appearing on the top of Playfield 0 that is not a player or a

program, you will see that they are up of a series of small dots known as pixels (short for picture elements). This is more noticeable on large screen televisions than small portables. Each characterisdesigned on an8 x 8 grid which means that a character can be a maximum of 8 pixels wide

Playfield 2 or

players. The demonstration program lights up all the pixels within a player stripe area to form a ribbon of colour that stretchesfrom thetopofthe screento the bottom.

missile

Playfield

Playfield 3. These playfields are created by plotting points using the PLOT or DRAW commands or by directly POKEing into the screen memory area. When you use COLOR and DRAW or PLOT on to a graphics screen you are plotting Playfield 1, with Playfields 2 and 3 plotted by using COLOR 2 and COLOR 3. PMG supports upto four playfields (O to 3). Computers insiston counting from O, unlike humans who prefer to start at 1,so Playfield is actually the second playfield — confusing isn't it? In the demonstration we are using Graphics Mode 5, a four colour mode which consists of a 40 row by 80 1

column graphics display area on which pixels may be plotted, and a fourline text window at the bottom of the screen on which the text appears. For the purposes of PMG the text window is also part of Playfield 0. It follows from this that the text that appears on this window is also a Playfield Playfield 2 in this program. Lines 180 and 190 draw a line around the edge of Playfield o to outline the dimensions of the Playfield o. This line is drawn in COLOR 3 and is therefore Playfield 3. In lines 220 and 230 a rectangle is drawn on Playfield O in COLOR 2 to become Playfield 2, with Playfield drawn inside the rectangle in COLOR

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While allplayfields mustbe plotted

resolution players, the other for double resolution players which take up less memory space but are much chunkier looking and made up of larger pixels thanthe single resolution

program shows the shape of a bug when selected pixels are plotted.This‘shape is known as a player which is plotted within the area of the play?r

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and 8 pixels high. A player is a shape made up of pixels in a similar manner — but instead of using an 8 x 8 grid, the player missile system uses either a 8 x 256 grid or an 8 x 128 grid. The 8 x 256 grid is used for single

—

The next part of the program shows what is meant by a player stripe. If you look closely at any of the standard Atari characters that appear in the text window when you run this

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stripe. The player shown by the program is a single resolution player. A missile is similar to a player but uses a much narrower stripe of 2 x 256 single resolution pixels or 2 X 128 double resolution pixels. PMG can control up to four missiles and four players numbered like the playfieldsfromOto 3. Itis also possible to place all four missile stripes together to form a fifth player. To make it appear as if the player is moving horizontally is fairly simple you just adjust a register that stores the horizontal coordinate of the stripe. To move vertically is more difficult and is not illustrated by this program, but it will be looked at in a later article. The program moves the player from left to right. The animation is so smooth because the player is moving —

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visible this is an example of shape priority, and enables us to decide which players or playfields are on top and which underneath. At this point will not go into how the program works, but it is there to show you something of the player missile system's capabilities. if you examine the program you will get a flavour of what is required to operate —

PMG.

0 In future articles I will analyse how to initialise the system, the designing of players, animation, collision detec— tion, changing the size ofp/ayers and shape priority, as well as other matters involved in player missile graphics. All these elements will eventually be combined in a game starring the bug that has made its first appearance in this month's program.

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When the player touches Playfield the rectangle a sound effect is switched on. This is done through a process called collision detection. We can find out from Antic whena player or missile has touched another player, missile or playfield. This program checks to see if the player has collided with a playfield then jumps to a sound effect routine. As the player leaves Playfield 2 the sound effect is switched off. When moving from left to right the player appears to travel over the playfields, but when travelling from right to left it passes under the playfields. The portion of the player beneath the bars cannot be seen, but the section of the player between them is 2

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exciting develop-

far Talent was the only software house fresh to the scene, although the Infocom range was there almost as soon as the ST. Now comes The Pawn from Rainbird Software. Quite honestly this adventure features the best have even seen in an graphics

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I SPENT some time at the Atari Show in the Champagne Suite at the Novotel, Hammersmith. Apart from the fact that the show was an absolute smash hit from everybody’s point of view, there

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for yourself. lonly wish had one. As it is, shall have to wait for the 8 bit version, which should retain the graphics but in a somewhat different form. Also at the show our friends old Level 9 (even if the friendship seems to be a little strained of late) showed the preview of The Prince of Magyck I

which am sure I have spelt wrong. This is the first of the games they will be releasing for the ST although the rest of their range are to follow.

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adventure on any machine. They are absolutely brilliant and this from a confirmed graphics-hater. If you have

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showing complete, as you could than move around. The notice above the game did say that authors knew there in the _were bugs it, so hunters. you glitch hold mail was far from do little more

It IS

too soon to try to

vauously revuew either product but in comis the winnel' of mm Mme mfocom How r evea|s he It, for for, want of giggliaiZSVZZrmg-hae P 0331's; ZorktOOLsdflzznhtl: pZifvgeLhoendLei/Pfe bugs. “lar bugs allow thev their fact In the vocabu' as | am that I_BMon ST_graph|cs are 3:35:21“ same I’0 wvll appear in the 8 but versnon, and net wthrtti‘heaz?mplete words in the parser 900 —a|| |nfoc°m a“ H HGTG hence be disappointing on determined to havzlogiesto the |a|-y of c.ould_only With the a machine like plus. Glitch, so tell the'ST. me and her3: 9003Now can anyone When you consnder the power of TASTE “5 pesetters 'wimb9“ d of ln Zork ll. packages such as Degas for the t'yp:s|:“me why use thfyvrt'iesgame'zAbonuS best of artwork on the ST,‘8 bit MGCKJK the the receiVe won for creation I ‘woqrr‘tbzote T-shl he typed “amt; graphics are really not good enough. tof'qdon'tth'mk answerhe|pfulpromp |c XWUhl'loy kpekSV' the gdxr a» .

May 1986 ATARI USER

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The rest of the Level 9 range do not all have graphics and should convert admirably to the ST. As yet there is no indication of prices. The last of the Atari Show adventurers were Bignose Software, who exhibited on the SECS stand their new adventure Oa! In the game you play the stranded member of an expedition to find the

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ColossusChess995 KisinCousins 695 Hijack 795

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you try to penetrate the Jungle to rescue Kate Mellender makes the action all the more tense. A good deal care IS at of requ1recl the start to survwe to reach the first major obstacle, a crocodile—infested river. lf tough logical problems with a real sense of escapism are what you seek then this is for you. Jon Dean of SECS also explained that the licensing deal his company has with Bignose allows the games to come out at budget prices. The .

Pay-Off and Opera House

are on cassette at £4.99, Qal is alone at £2.99 on cassette, but is

combined

332

RRP

BoulderDash2....................................9.95 Spvapy2..........................................9.95

Hacker995

AmericanCC Road Race 995 SteveDavisSnooker...........................9.95 Emerald Isle 695 Red Moon 695 AttackMutantCameIs.........................7.50 Colourspace 750 SpitfireAce..........................................9.95

SoloFIight...........L:III...3:21:13'14295

F15StrikeEagle1495 KennedyApproach1495 MachineCodeTutor1495

Encounter 995

Mercenary...........................................9.95

TheatreEurope995

Spy Hunter 995 UpNDown...........................................9.95

Tapper995

FortApocaIypse..................................9.95 Drelbs..................................................9.95

BlueMax 995 BIueMax2001995 Quasimod0995 JavaJim 895 SpottheBall 995

800

igegatzuarzxgségi-----~~~~----~------~--~~~--------3-32 2-38 Dun eonAdventur'e'm"Mff?f???f?????????9'95 8.00 LordgsofTime 995 8.00

Snowball 995 Return to Eden 995 Ga|acticEmpire '995 GalacticTrader 995 ColossalAdventure.............................9.95

22502283 555515511111:::::::::::::::::::8:82 Whir|y Nurd

995

34 ATARI USER

May 7986

goo 8.00 3.00 8.00

ago 2:88 8.00

D'?‘is Hacker enosmusters 1495 _

5.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 9.00

11:50 11.50 11.50 11.50 7.50 7.50 8.00 7.50 7.50 7.50 8.00 8.00 7.50 7.50 0.00 7.50 5.00

1495 1200

RescueonFractulus1495

12.00 12.00

Ballblazer 14 99 1200 Dropzone ""'“"'"""'"1:12:21:22:11:14:95 11:00

StriDP0k9f1495

Spiderlnvasion 1495 Meltdown 1495

EFactor1495

Goonies.............................................14.95

PolePosition1495 BruceLee1495 Momma-m

premium price. To round off, Andrew Dalglish wants to know how to get past the guard dog in The Pay—Off. As the dog is hungry why not give it a feed, Andrew, but do something to the meat first to make sure he wants a post prandial nap. Once the dog has stoppedfoaming at the mouth that should give you some ideas about how to stop the alarm.

Happy adventuring.

ATARI SOFTWARE

ouas

328

PO Box 31 8,

g-gg

8.00

Stoke-on-Trent STG 6UX.

gmfnsgrg'lsVOI-4 Wormin55.5515;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::9:95 DiarY ofAdrian Mole ...........9.95

combined wrth Opera House on dISC (Atari has the disc ri g hts to The Pay—Off) at £6.99. Amazrng value. In a sense the show captured the new directions adventure software is taking with regard to price. Certainly the budget games that SECS had 0” display were selling We”, and wit there IS still a huge market for the Infocom and Pawn style of game. These are the Rolls Royces of the adventure market and deserve their

ouns 8.00 8.00 8.00 9.00 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.00 7.00

EightersFLilot.........................................9.95 uttle 999 pace

Back

COM PUTERWARE

BallBIazer 995

Dropzone 995 Strip Poker 995

as she is the only person who can radio the su pp V shi p for heI p The game has more than a touch of the Indiana Jones about it, and the clock WhICh thkS off the minutes as I

$6 3 G

-. J

‘

fabled mask of the Sungod Qa. You have to rescue the onl V othersurvivor from the local tribesmen before they manage to sacrifice her to their god,

11.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 11.00 11.00

Mammarm-wmm-lm-

Dispatdl will normally In within 24 hours.

RRP

DallasQuest1495

ouns 12.00

gonhanlzgg PinballConstruction 1495 rc on

15.83 12.00 .

MusicConstructionf................,..........14.9512.00 l7(Citieso|:ftGold oronis in

1232

15.00 .00

DISCS ~

“Tiff???"1:11:11;3:1;jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj:12:32

15:88

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13-50

1295 10‘00 10'50 1095 5'50 Hijack ChopSag”""""""""""""""""'""12'95 10‘50 Elecnaglidé“""“""""""“""""“"'“12'9510'50 SummerGame's-é.Im-."WM-"WWW14.95 11‘00 1495 11'00 Superlaxxon 1295 10'00 Spit?reAce MigAHeyAc’é’"'"'"""'"""“""""'“'""14'95 11'00 KennedyApp;5;5',;""“"""'“““"“'""17'9514'00 Nameommande, 1295 mm Solo ?ight 1495 11‘00 F153,“E;5,'g"'j"jj""""""""""“"'17:9513'50 Encounter """":::::::::::::129510:50 .............12.95 1050 Mercenaryu.................. Spy’sDemise

ComssusCheég'""""""""'"""""""'12'95

LumpsReg};jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjijjjw_.w_14.95 Ultima31995

11:00 15.00

QSForth 5500 Up‘N’Down 1495

gpefmlzgg py

FonApocaIypse1495

Drelbs................................................14.95

45.00 11.00 '

1133 '

11.00 12.00

BlueMax 1495 Blue Max2001 1495 CARTRIDGES

11‘00 11'00

Pitfall2...............................................19.95

16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00

SpaceShuttle 1995 Decathlon 1995 HERO

1995

Prim mam-mm

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Electronic mail is much cheaper than the post

The mailbox that

Go teleshopping

is always open

your micro

Sending mailbox messages to other subscribers, whose numbers are rapidly growing, is the cheapest form of communication possible. You can send a message of any length to another mailbox for less than the cost of a first-class stamp. And it doesn’t cost a penny more to send the same message to 500 different mailboxes! Even a message sent to a mailbox on the other side of the world only costs 30p.

MicroLink is in operation 24 hours a day, every day. That means you can access your mailbox

With MicroLink you can study the British Rail timetable and then buy your ticket in advance. You can book theatre tickets. And even order a bouquet of flowers. it's all part of the teleshopping revolution!

——————————-—~—-——

The biggest bulletin board Of them a“ ’

whenever you want, and from wherever you are even a hotel bedroom home, office, airport or golf club! No-one needs to know where you are when you send your message. —

send and recelve telex messages

only a local phone call away re

—————————-———-—-———-—-—

—————————————————

The majority of MicroLink subscribers can connect to our mainframe computer in London -

can With Microhink 510211 can tumézourdmicrointoal sen an receive te ex telex machine, an messages su o £38312?!exablebsgnbers commumca0133? e ireling? and even with in the UK, 1; million worldwide the telex satellite network 5 h'ipS at sea “a Busmess peop e can “OW sen d an d receive telexes a ft er 0 f? ce h outs, f,- om h ome or Wh en travelling. ,

The numberofbulletin boards is 91'an rapidly. The only snag is that the vast majority are Single-user boards — which means lots of other people are also trying to make contact and all too often all you get iS the engaged tone. But with the MicroLink bulletin board there is no limit to the number of people using it at the same time. And no limit to the number of categories that can be displayed on the board. .

___..._..______._________

Give your micro . mainframe power __._...__.__.__._._.______.__.

With MicroLink your micro becomesaterminal linked directly to the Gold mainframe

Telecom able to tap its tremendous power Right away you ll be able to use and giant number-crunching programs that can only min on a mainframe.

computer,land versatility.

This bye makintglalocalghg use srLe1calll. e ecom lispgsstble system, cause ey n s. which has access pomts all over Britain. A local phone call is all you need too for direct access Via MicroLink to all the other countries bel °“9’"9 t ° th 9 ‘“ t ema ti °"a 1D'‘3 C°m 595mm .

‘

—————————————-———

Tel em essa 9 es a third off

—

___—__________ -

What does It all cost?

___________.__—_ "

The modem equivalent of the telegram is the telemessage. Send it before 10pm and delivery is guaranteed by ?rst post the following day (except Sunday). The service was intended for people phoning their message to the operator, which costs £3.50 for 50 words. But you can now use it via MicroLink, for only £1.25 for up to 350 words! For an extra 65p your message can be delivered in an attractive greetings card.

Considering all the services you have on tap, is remarkably inexpensive. You pay a once-only registration fee of £5, and then a standin 9 cha rg e of just £3 a month. On-line costs are 3.5p a minute (between 7pm and 86m) or llp a minute during of?ce hours. There is an additional 2.5p a minute PSS charge if you are calling from outside the 01- London call areas Charges for telex, telemessages and storage of files are given on the next page.

MicroLink

________________________

Software over the telephone

to use M,rcro L m k

How much rt costs

___________________ '

MicroLink is setting up a central store of -

lmtral registration

telex..

£5

fee:

Incoming

bOp addressed telex delivered '

charge. £3 per calendar month or

3,513 per

minute or part

cheap rate' 11p per minute or part rate

It is not possible to deliver a telex without a mailbox reference If a telex is received without a mailbox reference the sender will be advised of non-delivery and asked to provide a mailbox address. Each user validated for telex and using the facility will incur a charge of 6 storage units a month. Further storage charges could be incurred depending on the amount of telex the use made of short storage 0,714 code and message ?le facrlities.

standard

AP beable for du tion of connection to the Semi ce. Mir‘ilmum cha e'ml minute Cheap rate isfrrgom7pm togam Monday to Friday all day Saturday? and Sunday dnd public holldclyS' Standard rate is from 8am to 7pm, Monday to Friday, excluding public holidays. _

charge: 20P characters per month.

Per

2,048

Information Databases:

daily sample.

l e b V 3a t e ll-t

of the international Dialcom network. In the USA, Australia and a growing number of other countries there are many thousands of users with electronic mailboxes just as easily as like You l erence is contaclt1 0 users in cBan main t ethenii on y jgsftf you yours. l that m ges from yourlr the afd go 3399de around the world Via satellite'

lntemational Mail: For the first 2,048 characters 20p to Germany and Denmark; 30p to USA, Australia, Canada, Singapore, Hong Kong and Israel. For additional 1,024 characters 101); 1513.

2.5p per minute or au )segvlce: Micr?légl)klfssd part p per minute or part (1200/ 75 baud). Only applies to users ouside the 01-London call area.

What you need to access MrcroLmk

—

;

—

If you have a BT Ra diopager you can be paged automatically whenever a message is waiting in your mailbox.

Various charges.

Any charges that may be applicable are shown to you before you obtain access to the database.

—'_""‘—"—_—'

Radlopagmg: No charge.

Talk to the world

Telemessages can be sentwith an illustrated greetings card for 65}? extra

u 70stCh‘t‘sls “7" use £85); ifji?zsfg;jzz?lezf ?zz?t?ggi

an average calculated by reference to

MicroLink is part

Frlmg

_________._.___.___...___

Telemessages: £1.25 for up to 350 words.

umt

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gainful!!! Connect charge:

software programs which you'll be able to download directly into your micro. The rangewill include games utilities educational and business programs, and will cover all the most Popular makes Of micros.

for each correctly to your mailbox the se n d er

_——_————

—

These

charges relate to the transmission of information by the Dialcom service to other Dialcom services outside the UK and the Isle of Man. Multiple copiestoaddresses on thesamesystem hostincuronly one transmission charge,

Telex registration: £10 telex: 5.5p per 100 characters (UK); up per 100 (Europe); 18p per 100 (N. America); £1.25 per 400 (Rest ofworld); £2.75 per 400 (Ships at sea). Outgoing

“mils

Billing and Payment:

All charges quoted are exclusive of VAT. Currently all bills are rendered monthly.

Deferred messages sent on the night semice are subject to a 10 per cent discount.

m er to use orge any ma k e 9 f icro comp“? (itorcan even all ekdromc micro.'hand-he.ld de'V'CQ typewriter provrded it has communications facilities). a modem (it can be a simple Prestel type using 1200/75 baud, or a more sophisticated one operating at 300/300 or 1200/1200 baUdli and aPPTOPTlate communications software.

three

“Yin!”Eilsihave m a

Elm W mm mm m m

None

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Postcode

Please indicate month of commencement 10 day. i... and...“ or main...

Form

(\/

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wish f° “59 Telex ' auth°?5€ 9°“ t° charge a" additional £10 to my initial bill for validation. 18

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age“

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I confirm thatl accept the terms and conditions for the time being in force. a copy of which are available on request.

l/We authorise you until further notice in writing to charge to my/our account with you on or immediately after 15th day of each month unspecified amounts which may be debited thereto at the instance of British Telecommunicationsplc TELECOM GOLD by Direct Debit. Bills are issued 10 days before debit is processed.

‘

————————————————————-

Signature

[1212111133333

A. Direct Debiting Mandate (Enter full postal address of Bank Branch) To

a'SO

'C°"“"“ “Mm

telephone

Whilst Database Publications Ltdisthe supplier of all the services toyou, the commission and billing thereof will be handled by Telecom Gold as agents for Database Publications Ltd. Date of ?rst payment to be on 15th of month following commencement. Please complete billing authorisation form A, B or C below:

1° “(3105.9 my cheque f°_" m ee to rcro [Database Publications as registration£5}P3932]; l

iii...

l/We hereby apply to join MicroLink l

Daytime

Commencement of Service

—

Name of

Dm7

655i

Start date

g ne d

Password

B. Please

Express

Overseas subscribers only

—

Signature

gzzmili?ca?ons 68 Chester Road Hazel Grove StOCkPOft SK7 SNY-

Telecom Gold

l/We authorise you until further notice in writing to charge to my/our account with you on or immediately after 15th day of each month unspeci?ed amounts which may be debited thereto at the instance of British Telecommunicationsplc TELECOM GOLD. Bills are issued 10 days before charge is applied to your account,

SENDTO' MicroLinlr

mm m

debit my/our

Access/Visa?‘American account number

’ W

to be Accccd

Account Number

FOR OFFICE USE ONLY: M 2“‘lbox

is a

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trademark of British Telecommunicaa’ons

plc.

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Date

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C. Please invoice the company/authority. lf you select this option. which is ONLY AVAlLABLE to government establishments and Public ( J) D Limited Companies. you will be sent an authorisation form for completion which will require an of?cial order number to accept unspeci?ed amounts.

?—

Mailbag

“Match of the Day

NEW feature can be added to the excellent Horse Play from the March issue by entering the lines on the right. They enable moves to be replayed instantly just like Match of the Day. An array keeps track of the X,Y values. These are then used to reprint the black see line 3020. squares After the replay there’s a A

rep ay or

0031:

Wal—

lfAtarlcanprlce thelrgoods reasonably

they might

set/4? a”fe?mocefiowfubtgrng as 9 a with

a computer

that

costs too much to

I long to use

FOR

Atta Ck that falls

it sits, nothing to do but/oak at

which is a data loading error. Could you please let me know if there has been a printer's error on this game or can you tell me why / keep

getting this error?

—

lines from the top of the screen, as useless a piece of information as one could hope

1000

to be given.

ézszzfge'

Dagenham,

OYou've made

typing error—

not in line 30, but probably somewhere in the DATA in lines 190-920. _

Seeklng an arrow I RECENTLYbought

gingte’aizzszgf’lngcgzg acrogs agcharacter of which / couldn't figure out how to

ll was in line 5000 and on ~.~ ~.~ 5070 ~.~ "'the prob/en; wasl/ couldn't [In-int the arrow. Nigel Strut-t, Boreham wood, Harts. . The left—facing arrow is achieved with ESC CTRL +_ See page 51 of our December 1985 issue for a complete list of those elusive special characters.

machine. But

25: gin/dig? I

promised that

was

Pascal compilerwasreadyand sent off my money in October. The latest word is that/ will get it this month, butl'vegiven up hoping. It is all too disappointing. l was promised that aBasic wouldbe sent within fourdays

ofmypurchase.Ataritookfour and it is full ofappa/llng '

$3558

There is no accurate cursor

control command and Gem keeps interrupting programs at run time unless / remember to run them in Edit mode. The manual is incomplete vital tables andportionsof example —

program listings are missing.

Atari

Helpline

are

very

charming they accurately indicate that a lousy Basic is better than no programming language at all, but they are only just right.

bIIQQEd _

ST baS|c / BOUGHT myAtari 5208Tin October 7985 and it may well

hasn't

ma/th artm

Frey, Appledore,

Kent.

H appy _

Vlctlm D 0 / de re 0 t a n 0 te Of resentment in Allan Palmer’s letterfrom the Febri.

ary edition

of Atari User, concerning the bargain priced

800)“

has he hm?

that units. (”jail/d b? the price for

paid mice

By the way, don't ring

are prepared to pay Telecom at least £5 listenin to pop music through the plgone not a pleasant experience. Don't buyabook called the —

ST Companion by Jeremy Vine, too much of it is about things thatAtari won’t give us,

AS a happy V/Ct/m Of the Atari master plan to grab a slice of the market/ can larger confirm that l and at least .

—

Helpline unless you

WE"

still haping that he been for total had a ~ but hope 5 waning.

YOUfS,

800XL an

HAV/NG recently bought an Atari 800XL, / started buying the Atari User. Ithaught/ would have ago at typing in the Alien Attack game by S. Williamson from the January Atari User. I listed it out and double checked. When/run the game / keep getting Error at line 30,

inferior to the Wordstar I ran my 48k Nam, grammar, eight years ago. Heck, it doesn’t even tell me when / reach the end of a page. on

The line counter counts the

1:1 to SOMIERT 1:50")

p,,-,,,_

my mac hine——

("NUS/"e” needs/tandhere

3050

a 5053°; S

Mei: £23555;

§::: 2:2": $1222???

—

expand. T'J' Keane, Beaconsfleld.

“57W

nEpLa

G.T.

Fr 'e”d/y “130k has cut the 00“ 0" ”79 com/7m“ OP’V that did sell. The reason not that they dldnot sell wasthat the add—ans were overpriced.

owners

PINE!“

to A n d rew

Bennett, who tells us how‘to Gem ”VSTA“

?(R)*1,?(R+1)—I:Dl?l?0 “(R)§10,G(R+1

of York about expanding his 600XL, the RAM pack he is after cost £89.99. The cost of a new 800XL is only £40 more. How doesAtari account for this? If they can cut 50 per cent 800)“ then please Off ”7,6 do mm the RAM pack. thfs

C ongratu / atlons

30.0 7-1:GOSIIB ZZLLHPME 75‘" 3010 coun:o:ron nza to a STEP 2 3020 COLOR 2:FOR 1:10 T0 1 STEP “IHPLO

expan8|on IN reply to

1135 IF Pcennuzsz man 3000 1175 a(n):um:n+1:am):v:o=o+1

. !

Draw and Paint and

£52128,"

7:0"

Z’ZZ’;”ri?sjrnbs?‘t’ze 577:gift; P.R. Dean,

ay ~

135 DI“ “L128, ' 205 0-0 335 IF 1:1 THE“ RETURN 945 am=x=o=c+1=atuzv 1120 Posnlou 2,11:? war-ream”

—

orse ~

—

screen.

”

three other

new

have

.0wners. are fitted With the Unl15_ Vl/hICh Rewsmn C ROMS, so

l’almer you have bad/y ”7's.— judged Atari and all that It Stands for.

With regard to the 00/77about the Staff Of

"791718

outlets SUCh as Dixons, 30018 or Laskys more power to them. They provide just as good a service if not better than the so called specialist —

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————————

______—______—__—_—_

men,

been able to get: ”TheAtariXL Handbook, by Lupton, “Get More From YourAtari", by Ian

Commodore

ribbons,

MP3 801 ribbons

are a

direct

replacement.

Sinclair

Basic Programs in Minutes", by Stanley R. TroSt in SouthT.D. ampton main library.

available from They large,- branches ofBoots with are

computer departments, 5295,

A.R.

Hussey,

and “Atari

—

Archer, Southampton.

Reading.

0 A good tip. People often forget that local libraries will also order books for you.

leral'y source

0 [It

BEING newly initiated to micros, l have been trying to gather as much information as

0 f d ata

error

possible about functions and programming my 800XL.

l 'VE just bought my Atari 800XL and finding the

Having just acquired my February copy of Atari User,l read with interest in Mai/bag that there are a few other

operators manual as useful as

second hand toilet paper 1 went on the hunt for some books on how to use it. I found "Basic Basic”, by Donald M. Monro which gave me a foundation at least. My I008/ software ShOP had

people With similar quests, Well the pointofmy letter/s to bring to the attention of

anybody interested that cer— tain books are available at local libraries, / myself have

a few games programs as did Boots. I found the assistant in

Boots helpful— he pointed out your magazine so I bought the February edition. As a newcomer to home computing / must admit / found bits of it hard to understand, namely the checksum list. How do I use them? Also/typedin the program for Make time for a time clock by Paul Lay. Ran the program and all that comes up is the ?rst two print/inesfo/Iowedby Error 6 at 770. I've checked all the pro— gram and found a few data errors which / corrected, but still no joy, just Error 6 at line 770. What do / do? Please could you also give me the address of my local Atari club as this may help me get more use out of what could be a very useful computer. — David C. Chapman, Milton

890. The Milton Keynes Atari Users Group contact is T. Jordan, 18 Buckman Close, Greenleys, Milton Keynes. Tel:

0908 314439.

Lost -

lIIUSIOHS AFTER more than a few months' reading around I decided that the Atari 5208T would be a very goodmachine for small business app/i— cations. Just a little more research would, I thought, finally convince me. The local computer shops, listed by Atari in their recent advertising promotion in most of the magazines eitherdidnot have an ST and/or software. Well / thought, I 'I/ go to the

Keynes. 0 Error

6 is an out of data error, so presumably you've missed something out some—

ATARI

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May 1986

Tel- 01 _31 1 7339 A/Iprices include Postage & Packing. Sold subject to not infringing copyright. -

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and from them Atari UK received absolutely nothing. When in Pe terboro ugh recently while stood next to a 5208T a salesman said: "Forget it (the S T) wait ’til the Commodore Amiga gets underway". By nowmyenthusiasmwas getting battered. But / had the good luck to ?nd a copy of Atari User and bought it. Now, lthought,/’llreallyget to know something, and/ did. The Whittaker correspondence (February, Atari User, page 55} convinced me of what / should do after all my searching, reading and writing Skip the Atari and its ”Big event of 7986 Show". M.

the usual way. What’s up? Have I got it wrong or is there a bug in there

—

somewhere?

Either

way,

please tell me What I should do. Whatever happens, I want my computer disheartened —

just a little.

John J. Quinn, Gt. Yarmouth. —

O Nothing's wrong you just need to read Dave Russell's graphics article from our July 1985 issue. He dealt with exactly this problem. —

Lines.

.We think you're missing out on a great machine, but that's your choice.

Helpful M ailba 9 ,W0ULD,,.kem,y,,,,,kyo,

for he excel/em magazine. The Mai/bag section helps With minor everyday pr Ob' lemS, fOf example, What revision Atari your haS_The article VAL concerning in FEbfua’Y’s issue also 00’7' tained a useful PEEK location to determine which revisionA, 3, c, you have.—A.B. O'Neill,

Portsmouth.

Slower I"“19

SC")

ONE thing that annoys me about the Atari is that the list scrolls SO fast it is virtually impossible to find, for examp/e, the value of a certain variable. Therefore I have created this program in order to avoid wear 0" the Break key or repeated typing in of List X, Y.

1373331435; 3:2: 2°21::;:;'::.:2::.:::.°::*°" um

nun-nun"

"rt-nun;

3:2: “an m"

51“

1:3:

mis?t?

POKE

"Mi"

mac:

A recomended speed for this is about 250 but it depends how fast you can read. Peregrine Hi": London.

American

new

dISC dI'IVES

heart. So much so that when in Modes 1 and 2 / POKE

A LE7TER in

756,226, which / suspect

American disc drives in Europe and the question of the power

should give me a clear screen on which to print characters from the alternative graphics set, instead I get a whole

of heart (character 0,32}.

shapes

The POKE command

worked

composrte a d apter

has

because / can overprint these with any character from the alternative set using COLOR and PLOT/n

theJanuary7986 Atari User ofparticularinterest to me concerned using supp/y. I too

When I use this, however, all / get is a blue and yellow

accompanied by A an

friend

once told me that RGB interface was available and that this would do the trick. Could you please tell me if

such a device is available, and if so give me a price. If not, then could you tell me of any

other wayP—Philip Benson, Rayleigh, Essex. 0 Composite to RGB adap—

ters are very expensive far more than your computer, for example. You would be better trying to connect the com~ posite monitor output into a composite monitor, as there is absolutely no advantage in using RGB with an 8 bit Atari. If the connection on yourTV is a Scart type, or any other —

interested in buying anAmerican disc drive, but am unsure of ?nding a transformer to handle the power difference and also 50 Hertz/60 Hertz cycle. It was heartening to read that a normal Atari transfor— mer would do the job. But in am

adVIce / HAVE an 800XL and would like to learn machine code,l therefore want to buy an assembler. Could you recom— mend a good one? Also, is there a good Pascal available for the Atari? M. -—

Malik, "ford, Essex. 0 The best assembler on the market for the 8 bit Atari is probably OSS'S MAC/65 car— tridge, This is a full featured macro assembler, With resident fu|| screen editor and de—bugger. lt can be used for anything from simple routines to writingafull machine code game. However for starting off the is a

display which

crackling.

Assembler

Agedp Agesmb'efi?dit?g u ve “Y sowa em- a cea,

is fitted to my Hitachi monitor/TV. Some time ago / bought a lead which fitted into the monitor socket in the c mpure, and Egg socks, meme Ty.

annoying

Well / am, Atari 800X L certainly is not, It’s full of

screen

wrong.

screen

D/SHEARTENED.

but my

chance of getting service cover should anything go

RGB computer

752.0:nm was“

would be to purchasea normal 1050 and US Doubler chip, which will provide you with just about everything that the Indus does, plus a much better

OWN an Atari 730XE and would like to be able to use the

: 22§Z§§fli,ui'i‘$' run Ltsrest to n sup 1.

1050, unfortunately. the relative Considering prices, your best alternative

R ea H y Of

Persona/lyl'm intereSted in Would the Atari disc transformer work with this drive or WOUid l have to fi'7d 3001'th transformer? [await Your reply With great interest, and hope YOU give a positive answer as I’m ”Chi/79 to order one. P Mallin, Holland. ' The |hdUS GT does not use

be used witha video recorder, you can connect the Atari directly to it just by using the correct cable. Consult your TV dealer for more information.

type which may

an Indus G T-

the same power supply as the

f ll H heart

and so on.

—

Smelt, Gainsborough,

Mr Bloodworth's letter and your reply it was never mentioned if he was buying an American 7050 or an alterna— tive, such as an Indus, Astra

—

Draper Pasca| is avai|ab|e in the States, bUt we don't know of any Pascal available in the UK for the Atari-

KNOCked bl??k

and blue / AM having a little colour trouble 0" my 800XL- 0" the black and blue the blue area goes a slight greenish colour untiII give the computer a little knock, When it goes back to blue for a short Whileif is 8/30 annoying/y noticeable 0" somegamessoftware. Could YOU 16” me if this would just require a minor adjust— ment? I would also like to suggest that you could do some hardware reviews as I'm sure your readers would find them beneficial. — N- Taft, Little set—up screen

Sutton, South Wirral.

|t W0U|d probably be best to take your equipment back to the dealer for a check-up. May 1986 ATARI USER

THIS program was written in to my youngest response daughter’s request for something to administer her weekly spelling test. It illustrates string storage in a loop by string joining, as opposed to a string array which the Atari lacks. The user is invited to enter spellings that are to be tested. The words are then displayed singly on the screen and the user is invited to enter the spelling. If the spelling is incorrect the word is redisplayed until a correct response is given. The number of wrong

is counted and suitable reinforcements are displayed at the end of the program. These can be altered to suit the individual chiid. Although the program works as it is, readers could use it as the basis for a more ambitious program. For example, you might want to allow no more than three wrong responses or you might want to give different feedback depending on the nature of

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The new price lot the 1050 disk Drive is not the only good news for Atari Owners. The Disk Drive now comes with three FREE sott‘ ware titles. in addition to the DOS 2.5 Disk and Manual. The first of these is The Payoti on disk, a new adventure game in which you play the leading role. On the reverse Slde of this disk is a demonstration program showing Atari's amazing sound and graphics. Also in— cluded lS Home Filing. Manager which WI” help you organise your files. It allows you to catalogue and ?le details of books. birthdays, your stamp collection or anything else which would normally require you to use filing cards, The software which comes tree with the Disk Drive carries a normal retail price of £34.98 and 'S as follows: SUPERB TECHNICAL HOME HUNG MANAGER 524-99 The 7050 is a dual density disk drive This refers to the amount of information that can be stored on 3 59-99 side of a dis/i Three things determine the densrty of a particular disk format The number of THE PAY OFF ADVENTURE Sing/e FREE bytes in each sector. the number 0/ sectors per track and the number of tracks per disk Single DOS 2.5 DISK & MANUAL FREE Density formats give eighteen 728 byte sectors on each 01 their 40 tracks, thus giwng a total capacrty SOUND & GRAPHICS DEMO of 749i 72540 or 92. 760 bytes Double Densrly formats give sectors that are lwrce as large as the-Single Normal cost of FREE software £34.98 — density sectors and are capable of holding 255 bytes on each sector This yields a capaC/typl 784 kilobytes per dis/r There is also a mud lormat, Dual Density which is the one used by Atari's new 7050 FREE POST & PACKING DISK Drive wrth DOSJand DO$25 It has 25 of the 728 byte sectors on each o/rts 40 tracks, grwnga total capacrty of 733 kilobytes, which after formatting comes down to 727K The 7050 is capable or Mail Orders to the UK and BFF‘O are sent running disks formatted in either single or dual density and can run either 0052. 00525. or 0053. from Silica with post and packing FREE. We this makes the machine complete/y compatible With all 0/ the prey/pus old style software The 7050 is rowde a 24 hour sen/me and aim to (195 atch compatible wrth lbs 400 000 and the new XL XE series of Atari computers However 1! you run a 400 grders on the same day that we receive ?hem. or 800 you would need to already haveat least 32K RAM of memory in your computer The 7050 has a built-in 6507micro processor and an onboard ROM operating system for automatic standby capability 12 GUARANTEE It has automatic swrtching from single to enhanced density modes lt has a ‘Di'sk Bus y' indicator and year up to 4 disk drives can be controlled at once Included With the Disk Drive is the Owners Manual, the The 1050 D'3k DT‘VG comes mm a fU“ Dos 25 Master Diskette. Reference Manual, //0 Data Cable and Mains Adaptor The 1050 disk drive guarantee Silica will replace any laulty 1050 comes With everything you need to plug it in and use it immediately Disk Drive with a new unit Within this period,

SPECIFICATIONS

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To help you to take advantage of the new low price of the 1050 Disk Drive, we have now negotiated favourable credit terms with HFC Trust. You do not need a bank account to take out credit with HFC. and no deposit lS required, Repayments can be made by post. standing order. or personally at your local HFC office. If you Wish to use these facilities. Simply complete and return the coupon below. We will then send you further details and an application lorm by return of post.

OUR SPEC|ALIST SERVICE

are now firmly established as the UK's NUMBER ONE Atari spectalists. so when you buy an Atari computer product at Silica you will be fully supported. Our mailings ke8p you up to date with news of software releases and developments. Our technical support team and sales staff are at the end at the telephone line to deal with our problems and supply m to stock all available youreve r y n 89 d Vi); Ata” hardware, 50efa' tware, PS9”? h era 5 and we 3150 SW” 3 0' 3C095507'95 WC"? range Ala“ dedicated b00k5 and magazmes. Here are some 0' the many “Wines we can otter We

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iHIGHLY COMPETITWE PRICES tAFTER SALES SUPPORT SERVICE tREPAlR SERVICE ON ATARI PRODUCTS

Silica Shop Limited, 1-4 The Mews, HatherleyRoad. Sidcup. Kent. DA14 4DX Telephone:01 309

1111

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=====EEEEEEE!!!!!!Eggs!“-n===========EEEE!!!!!!!!!ln-i-.sa322322222!!!!!!!ggun-n???il??h?? FREE SOFTWARE BUY NOW NEWS FOR ATARI 8-BIT COMPUTER OWNERS by the 410 or 1010 data recorders. Many prolesSional/busmess programs are only available on disk and not cassette. Until now, only a small proportion of Atari Computer owners have been able to benefit from the power and speed of the 1050. Now Silica are pleased to be able to offer the 1050 ata new low price of only £129 including VAT and FREE delivery We also otter credit faculties allowing Atari owners to purchase it over 12 months for only £12.46 per month. The total purchase price over 12 months. with interest at a flat rate of only 16%, is only 12><£12.46:£149 52 (APR 32.3%). There has never been a better time for Atari owners to buy 3 Disk Drivel

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Silica Shop, the UK's leading Atari specialists, based in Sidcup Kenthave announceda masswe drop in the price of the Atari 1050 Disk Drive. The 1050 is compatible for use with the Atari 400/800 and XL/XE computers and allows access to a range of over 450 disk»based solt— ware titles. The 1050 comes With DOS 25. and can also be used with other Atari Disk Operating Systems. making it compatible with the complete range of Atari Corp and Third Party software for Atari S—bit computers. The addition of a disk drive is a great enhancement to any computer system, increasing storage facilities and cutting information access time to seconds instead of the minutes taken

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programming

The ST machine and ST Logo make learning Logo fun. By working through this book project by project, the reader will explore ST Logo and be able to write programs using sound, text and graphics. Applications from interactive games to random poetry generation are developed stage by stage. This course will be of interest to a very wide range of readers from the young novice to the teaching professionaL Step into Logo and experience the exciting microworlds and sound and CO|0UF DFOV'ded by ST L09°~ £8.95

I OVER 80 DIFFERENT COLOURS CAN BE Dl-SPLAYED AT ONCE I 4 BRUSH SIZES I 3 BRUSH SPEEDS I AIR BRUSH MODE l PLOT I DRAWTO I FlLL I sex I CIRCLE I SAVE PICTURE I LOAD PICTURE I PROGRAM ' DEMO P'CTURE SEPARATE

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programmer needs to know, you will learn to issue commands to the computer, as well as writing and running programs. By the end of the make you computer perform useful II y?”eres It?Ingabtle as ff5an unéjtI” Unit 2: EXPLORING BASIC This unit teaches y0u the most important concepts of BASIC: numeric variables, string variables, FOR...NEXT and IF...THEN statements, and much more. You’ll create a and computer clock, interesting graphics programs digital a Zap the BaddIes v1deo game. “n.” 3- MAK'NG BAS|C WORK to the POKE command for ThIs unIt teaches y0u ind out about creating inou’ll $56 graphics and games. hYOW teresting sounds. You'll also learn much more BASIC, including READ DATA, GOSUB RETURN and Arrays. By Of the UN" You H have CONS|defab|e DVOQfammlng tsr'l?'ind

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HARDWARE/PERIPHERALS AVAILABLE CASSETTES FROM £1.95 DISKS FROM £5.75 NEw TITLEs AVAILABLE IMMEDIATELYon RELEASE TELEPHONE(0825) 25228 Pricesinclude VAT&Postage Send Cheque/PO'sto:

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software houses turning to the development of software for the Atari. Even so the majority of software released in the UK is of US origin, imported by companies such as US Gold, Ariolasoft and more recently in are all Databyte. They engaged from licensmg programs American software and releasmg them houses

theBritish market and usually than in their country of lower prices origin. even when a UK comHowever licenses a US pany newly released title for in it manufacture Britain can time to see 't take some conSiderable finally arrive m local computer stores.

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Since Atari first started making an impact in Britain, back in the days of the first company to Cherry Leisure UK users import Atari products have found difficulty in obtaining American software as soon as it was released. More recently we have seen increased activity from two major Atari distributors, Software Express and Silica Shop, who both specialise in getting new software into the UK from the States. Looking at developments in the two markets, it becomes apparent that the British are beginning to show much more independence,illustrated by the arrival of new software houses on the Atari scene, but British users still have to rely heavily on their cousms across the ocean to lead the _

—

way.

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FOR many years the availability of new software and peripherals for Atari machines has depended heavily on America as the main source of supply. Recently this has begun to change, with more and more UK

on to

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Many software houses have taken advantage of the 512k of RAM in the ST and developed sophisticated adventure games with both text and graphics.

Penguin Software

has

released

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Sundog: Frozen Legacy will turna few heads. Available for the colour monitor version only, this isamassive science fiction adventure covering 50 cities on 18 worlds in 12 star systems. The real-time 3D action with scrolling display has its roots in Elite but you can also walk into buildings and barter with the animated characters you meet there. A very impressive piece of software. For younger people there is Walt Disney's Winnie the Pooh in The Hundred Acre Wood, produced by Sierra On-Line- This sophisticated adventure, for 7 year olds and upwards, features all the favourites Tigger, Eeyore. Piglet, Kanga, Roo, and, Of course, Christopher Robin. The package comes complete With a large map and a colourful booklet. Future releases include Mickey's Space Adventure, GOOfY'S W°fd Factory, and Donald DUCk'S Play— ground. —

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Hippopotamus

Software. Hippo, as affectionately call them, have been engaged in producing software for the ST range for the last few months, but was thrilled to find out what was in two new packages they are developing. Both are aimed at the music market, one for the home user and the other for the professional musician. They are both sound sampling devices. Basically they are programs that allow you to record a sound, a or a either from microphone it and syntheSiser play through back, your computer. But there 5 much can it than this because you more to in many its characteristics edit different ways. I

‘y( "’

For instance you can speed up or slow down the playback, or reverse the sound wave so that it is played back in the opposite direction to the way it was recorded- Or you can take

the middle of the sound wave and place it at the end or at the beginning. Put like this, it might not sound that fantastic, but the resultant effect is quite outstanding. QUihCY Jones, one Of the world’s most talented musicians and producers, has already placed his order for the package. If you would like a better idea of what some of the effects sound like, like G0 West,

Sigue Sigue Sputnik and Paul Hardcastle.

Activision’s latest acquisition, lnfocom, has released its latest adventure, called Ballyhoo. lnthis you join a travelling circus and find yourself engaged in the search for the owner's daughter. It's an adventure that really lives up to the Infocom name. It has just started arriving in Britain and is currently retailing for £34.95 and is available for both 8 and 16 bit Atari machines. One exciting new company in the ST field, based in Los Gatos, just

outside Sunnyvale, California,

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Transylvania and a follow up called The Crimson Crown (Return to Transylvania), the first in a series of illustrated novels with a 1000 word vocabulary and 100 detailed graphic pictures. However these are not upto the quality of those pictures to be found in The Pawn from Magnetic /

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In these articles I hope to bring you news of new products appearing

first

in the States,

although

will not

attempting to give you detailed

reviews. This will leave to Atari team of specialist reviewers. Next month will be bringing you a lot more gossip about new products and some still in development, plus some exciting news from Atari in the I

User’s

USA. May 1986 ATARI USER

_______________——______—_____________________

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Bit Wise, Beginners and Graphics. December issue: Check-sum program, Special keyboard characters, Basic XL

preview of the new machines, Attack' Squash, Adventuring, Alphabet Train, Hexer utility, Software reviews, Sounds, the 6502, Microscope, Atari Insights—Bit Wise, Beginners and Graphics. June issue: Analysis of the 130XE, Submarine, Adventuring, Random numbers, Software reviews, Frog Jump, Bit Microscope, Sounds, Atari Insights Wise. Beginners and Graphics, special 12 page feature on Communications. July issue: Disassembler, Bomb Run, DOS 2.5, 17 Commandments, Adventur-

Keyboard Sounds, Microscope, Insights— Bit Wise, Beginners and Graphics. August issue: Analysis of 5205T,

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Superscript review, Check-sums for early games, Book reviews, Adventuring, Software reviews, PLUS Atari ST User: K-Spread review, Jeff Minter and Colourspace, Music Pt. 1,Making the most ofthe ST. April issue: Sound synthesiser, Compiler Pt. 2, Using modes 12 and 13, Mancuna strategy game. disc directory printing utility, Adventuring, Software reviews, PLUSAtari STUser: Reviewof TDI's Modula-Z, music via the Midi ports, Making the most of the ST, and all the latest news.

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colour utility, Micropainter manipulator, Bridge program, Memory management techniques, Interrupt driven clock, Bounce game, ST problem page,

Gambler, Assembler, Touch Tablet pro— grams, first look at Logo, Raider 1997, Dos 2.5 upgrade offer, Display List Tutorial, Microscope. Software reviews, Bit Wise, Beginners and Insights Graphics. September issue: 8-page special on the 5205T, Mode 8 screen dump routine, Maze Munch, Data Maker, Display List Tutorial, 68000 addressing modes, list processing with Logo, Software reviews, Bit Wise, Beginners and Insights Graphics. October issue: Computer Canvas graphics program, Updates for RAW 6502 assembler, 130XE Ram-disc utility, Hex/Ascii memorydump utility, Pontoon, Software reviews, 68000 operating Bit environment, Wraptrap, Insights Wise, Beginners and Graphics. November issue: Converse program,

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tutorial, Software reviews, Left-handed joystick, Adventuring, Beginners and Graphics. January 1986 issue: Machine code games, Pt. I, Atari in education, Sony ST monitor review, Hunchy game, Checksum update, Listing utility, Dotsquare game, 1020 screen dump routine, programming in C on the ST, Adventuring, Software reviews. February issue: Machine code games Pt. 2, Dragon curves in Logo, Flashing

ing, Display List Tutorial, Software reviews, PowerFunctions, Treasure Hunt.

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MARCH: Horse Play: Knight’s tour program. Basic Compiler: Program to accompany the new series. Alien Attack: Final part of assembly listing. Plus: Freebie of the month: Winstoninthe Caves—can you keep your head and help Winston find his? Activate the hidden depths of the Atari sound chip. Disc index: Keep track of disc files and free space with this index printing program. Graphics: Make the most of Modes 12 and 13. Mancuna: Can you beat the game that learns from its mistakes? MAY: Cavern Escape: Can you help ln-l-Go Joe escape from the labyrinths with King Muneebag's gold? Player Missile: Program to accompany the start of the series. Spelling: Automate those weekly school spelling tests.

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REGENT SOFTWARE

DEVELOPMENT

SYSTEMATICS

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M'RRORSOFT

SYSTEMS

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SUPPLEMENTAL Two Key Accounting

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BTM SOFT

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GST SYSTEMS

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Chat Communications Pack

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Personal Diskit Personal Pascal Personal Prolog OTHER VALLEY SOFTWARE Dlt Pt3 '° 02x? Db One

LLAMASOFT Colourspace

Personal Assistant Spellmate Spreadmate

PROSPERO SOFTWARE

OSS

K—Seka

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Graphic Artist

Ut'm'es

Universe

K’Sp'ead K-Word

Administrator Datastate 2

M_/D'Sk (RAM, P'SK)

OMNITREND

K-Data K-Ram

Millionaire

SOFTWARE

Homework Helper (Maths) Homework Helper (Words)

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