2002 04 The Computer Paper - Ontario Edition by The Computer Paper

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GREATER TORONTO EDITION APRIL 2002 VOLUME I5 NO.00

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IN THIS ISSUE 6 From the Editor

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Pnnuwsr

66 AppleNews:iMacs do waliin value face-off

10 Letters

66 Palm OS 3 beta debuts 66 Real intros mobile streaming platform

12 What's New mdsu ~ Oust

28 Foveon talks up full-colour image sensor

86 Building an arcade cabinet: Selecting buttons, joysticks 86 Weavingyour own Web site:IE extensions to CSS,Part4

I ' I I

90 Worldwide Internet growth slowing

16 Video-editing basics Foundation techniques tested on rangeof editing softwore 20 Digital video state of the art

78 Java Tutorials:Java to the Web

30 Making your own DVDs and VCDs Tope is posse, today's delivery medium isthe shiny plotter

COMING UP

92 Career Profile: Technical writing and beyond

92 Bookrevieuc Easy steps forPHP beginners

80 Mid-range video editing

May 2002 Cuwr sbny: Eunuturdnss lab Tsst stcwtty Ad Oundunn ... . . . . . . . . . . .Tun, Apr.2 Oistribuuun .. . . . . . . . , . . . . Fri., Apr. 19

June 2002

82 Video editing on your notebook 89 Analogue, digital, and in between

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34 Cutting the wires

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FCPlob looks ot wireless Internet-shoring devices 34 Valt-X hardware firewall for your drive 34 Annualtax software audit

July 2002 Owur stnstnVbhnmniwuncina lnb Test srnybics andmund Ad Osudlinu ..............Tuu.,Mny Za msbibutiun .. . . . . . . . . . . . . Frt., lun. 15

46 Work can be hazardous to your health fmproving ergonomics can help you ond your bottom line 46 Symantec introduces firewail hardware 56 QuickTips:Outlook appointments 61 Office Suite Training: Access data retrieval

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6 APRIL 2002 THE COMPUTER PAPER GREA TERl ORONTOEomON wwwc s ~

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wnwmnadammputm.tom THE COMPUTE RPAPER GREATERTORONTO EomON APRIL 2002 $

Computers and cameras few months ago in this col-

CCDs, while being lessexpensive to manufacture. This is astory worth following. X X d i gita( technology continues Inkjet printer makers Epson 'and Hewlett-Packard to converge with other pmduct sec- looked as comfortable exhibiting at PMA as they did at tors, our coverage would have to a computer vade show. In the case of Epson, its booth expand beyond what we discover at wasn't much different than the one it mounts for comcomputer-specific trade shows like puter trade shows, with a big emphasis on photo qualiComdex. This is the main reason ty inkjet printers and specialized inkjet papers that look 1 • why I 6nd myself writing this from a like photographic paper. That's not too surprising hotd room in Orlando, Fla., host to because Epson gained a strong foUowing among the the annual Photo Marketing Association (PMA) confirst wave of photographers to dabble with digital printvention and trade show. making, and it has built on that reputation. PMA is to the photo industry what Comdex is to the And on the subject of inkjets, one of the eye-openers computer industry: an event that attracts manufacturfor me at the show was the extent to which industrialers, distributors, retailers, and indiridual professionals quality inkjet printers have proliferated to service the involved in the industry. As we' ve suspected, the consignage and poster industry. The three- and Four-storey cerns and interests of photographers are beginning to tall banners you might see on the outside of an of6ce shadow the concerns.and interests of computer users. building or advertising some product in a sports arena, The common thread to this, of course, is the explosion or the ad wrappers you sometimes seeenveloping pubof digital photography. lic transit buses. were likely created on such an inkjet. Digital was a big deal at this show. Every big-name For software vendor Adobe, PMA was a natural fit. camera manufacturer —Canon, Contax, Le(ca, Minolta, The name of its flagship image editor —PhotoshopNikon, Olympus, Pentax~ave as much prominence to says it afl. Adobe used the show as an opportunity to their digital lines astheir 6lm lines. And companies betshowcase its just-announced revision, Photoshop 7.0. A ter known as computer or consumer electronics playfew other software vendors were exhibiting —some ers— Panasonic and Samsung, forexample— were here familiar to most computer users and others less so. In declaring that they were players in the photo industry the latter category was too, with lines of d(g(tal cameras on display. Apphed Sa e n ce The dark horse in this race may be Sigma, however. RRNTkIlli'5IIrr WNN Fiction, a n A ustin IIWR IrrWNDR? TNR Best known for its 6ne interchangeable lenses, the com- Tex.-based company ctzoaIaaxs1Naataa pany introduced a digital single lens reflex model, the that has developed ANDNBTB'S SPARSXY BNSAntXNRSBPtrtCK DS9. which uses the innovative Foveon X3 image sen- colour correction and sor. The Foveon sensor captures afl three primary photo re storation yetaal'A BRNs. colours (red, green, blue) with each pixel, in contrast to plug-ins for other designs that use a series of 6lters, allowing each Photoshop. One applipixel to capture just one colour. Foveon daims it offers cation for its print three times the effectlve colour resolution of other restoration sofiware

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Self-serve kiosks themselves will be a bridge between digital and traditional photography. There were a few at the show that included memory card readers and menu-driven print request screens. I'm predicting they will proliferate over the next couple of years, for one reason: digital fatigue. Up to this point, it's been the early ado pterswho've bought into digital photography. These people are motivated to learn how to use computer software and inkjet printers like digital darkrooms. I consider myself in that category. but not afl the time. And frankly I 6nd it a big pain to fire up the computer, prime the inkjet, and fiddle with image layout software. when afl I really want are some 4x6 prints of last weekend's famfly barbeque. That's digital fatigue. For the majority of people buying dig)tal cameras in the future, and for afl digital camera users occasionally, ease of use will be the expectation, just like with 6lmdrop off the mfl and pick up the prints later. Enjoy the issue! David Tanaka Editor

O~,

Canada'sComputer Information Source

e Ilr I l e

Isa%m ake iteasy

ComutevPApER n rene

was in a self-serve kiosk where customers could scan> damaged photos and make corrections by following the' on-screen instructions.

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~ LETTERS ~

Technologymarches, lmtto whwey

pendence" is becoming a reality.

I enjoyed your perspective on the march

I have used Peer Web on a PC and a small FTP client on a Mac to transfer files

of technol ogy (see "Letter from the Editor," March 2002) and offer this tidbit to your comparisons with 35 mmphotography. Using available

35mm movie film, Leitz built the first 35mm commercial

Leica camera in

MacandWindows II

1925. By 1930, the

A cheapalternative to DAVE orPC MacLan

company built a c amera with a n interchangeable lens. I can take a lens built in 2001 (I have one) and put it

exists for just file sharing and transferring

directl y on that 1930 camera, and I can putthat original50 mm f2.5 lens on my 2001 camem. (The one with the 2001 lens

takes better pictures.) On the other hand, I have a digital

camerapurchased lastweekthatisincom• '

I I

patible with Windows XP.

JamesSpears

files. It has two main prerequisites: one, you have Macs with 05 X, and two, an

always-onDSL or cable modem with a shari ng mechanism bke a hardware or software router.

On all the Macs, in Mle Sharing, turn on FTPsewer and add the other users to your Users list (with passwords). Now use an FTP program on the PC to access the shared hilders. Apple claims with OSXyou can access the PC running Window XP by IP protocol, by entering in Connect to

"smb://ServerName/ShareNarne/"

1. Try fleshing the BIOS ond seeif thot chongesthe hoard's ability to mcognize the driva Thelatest BIOSis ot Soyo's site (wmvsorousocor q/686bioshanl). ScroU

down to6KFthen download. It moy not fix the problem, however, since the most recentone is doted Sept.2,1998. 2, Plug the drive into o coiieogueb computer ond partition the drive on their system. This would only solve the problem if portitioning werethe issua If your own BIOS won't recognizethe drive

ot og, this won't he(o. 3. Find o woy to moke the drive extemoL

ihere oreexternal drive coddies thot you could use with your machine—either USBor Firemira If you gowith USB,yoy won'tget much speed out of the dn'va

If you go withUSB2.0 or FireNre, you' l hove to odd o controller cord, which

couldintroduce other issues. Since the configuration you hove seems o bit older, it's honi to predict what kind of

Mac and Windows I

Server

Thanks fur putting together a magazine thatinfurms readerson new productsand,

(ServerName IP address or DNS). Andrew Lewis

conflicts you mightget by adding oneof these controger cords, unfbrtunoteiy. Youmoy also get it to work by odding o

Mg hard dr(vs headache

newATA/133 controller into on ovoiiob/e PCI slot, but again, that might cause

more importantly, actually instructs on how to use the currentstuff. Until a year ago, I worked exclusively withPCsbuthave had to learn aboutMacs formyjob.Yourarticle "PC Nactan: MacWindowsdetente" in the March issue, is

the ldnd of practical information that is rarely if ever approached in the "glossy" type magazines.I'm sure that many peoww.r. e y e . ca

between the bvo platforms with gmat success ,butIcan see a realadvantage to actuafiy working directly on the source files to prevent version confiicts. I look forward to every issue of FCP. Keep up the good work! Nike Pryer

TCP lab repfieerHere ore ofew things to by:

plewith home networkshave been scared away from Macs simply because they're given the impression that they are incompatible with PCs. As your article pointed out, with the

rightsoftware and some basic networking equipment,the notion of "platform inde-

I recently purchased a Naxtor Viper 40 GB hard drive (ATA/133, 7.200 rpm) but my computerdoesn't detect it in the bootup sequence.I have a 233 MHz Pentium II and aSoyo 6KF motherboard. I was told thatmy BIOS was only good forabout 8 GB so Iwas going to add five partitions at8

GB each.Is the IDE conbofi ez (standani) too old to recognize the new drive? The computerjust sits and does nothing when it gets to the autodetect primary master sequence.I have tried jumpering alltypes

of ways butnothing.Help please! E. Carruthers, Australia

• otherconflicts. 4. Exchange the drive for something o hit more modest; if you wont something that size, then ot least trode down to on ATA/66 or AFA/100 drive. kith the rest

of your system configuration, you'm proboÃy not going to notice the perfonnance drjfbrenca 5, If oil elsefmh ond you obsoletely need to use o driveof this capacity, you moy

hoveto upgmde the wholesystem. Of course, there'8 be other odvontoges to o newer, foster system, too. CI

Biometrics only part of solution, says Lexis-Nexis I '• I

•

m t (BBO) 4$t~ t t

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WASHINGTON, D.C.— Biometrics and othertechnologiesbeing crafted to combatidentity fraud may not be completely effective unless verifiers are asked to

provide infohnation about something onlythey would know, such as an old phone number or a former address, according to a white paper released by Lexis-Nexis, in late February. The white paper, cowritten by LexisNexis' chief privacy officer Norm WiUox, suggeststhat biometrics may only be

10 APRIL2002 THE COM PUTERPAPER GRE ATEe lbxonlbsomON wwwmrudacornpviescom

partof the answer to the technological

meansof identifying people.

approachforfighting the growing prob-

The problem of identity fraud is a hot issue in the U.S. capital, with some lawmakers pushing for a more uniform nati onal identifi cation system rather thana state-by-state approach. Lexis-Nexis provides the very sewices it is urging the Congress to consider. The companysefi sauthentication technology

lem of identity fraud. "The model is predicated on the theory that an imposter may know some of the information pertaining to a real indi-

vidual, but he or she likely will not know all of the real person's identifying information," the authors wrote. The white paper also calls on the U.S. Congres s to create a task force to determine the most efficient and effective

that marries information in a consumer' s credit history with other databases. —Hewshytes

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Cleekencryptshandhold,PC data Chapur a Inc.(wwwchapura. corn)has unveiled Cloak,software that

encryptsinformation stored on allows Pabn DS-based handhelds

and Windows PCs.The software resides on both the handheld andthe PC desktop and synchronizes data between the two.It incorporates 128-bit encryption, and requires that the user name and password for the application matches on both devices, for additional security.

Cloakisavailable fordownload from the Chapura Web site,for US$19.95.

—TCPStag

StepCharger pumpsup

i Topi

stntrttetos'

battery power

Full-screenVCDplayback fromMireth Vancouver, B.C.-basedMireth Technology (wwwmiredr.com)has releasedversion 3.2 of MacVCD,its full-screen video CDplayer for computers running Macos. VCDmovies are frequently stored in multiple files (called tracks) and oftenon more than one disc (in the caseofCDs). MacVCD automatically recognizes this format, finds, loads

and plays the movie, automatically chaining tracks together and autoejecting a disc when it's done. According to Mireth, NacV CDoffers

full-screen display, even on large monitors. Other features include trackand chapterselection support; supportfor both multi-language and karaokesoundtracks; and movie fi le

Tampa, Fla.-based AiaddinPower' (www aladdinpower.com) hasunveiled a footpedaldevice thatletsusersrefuelthe batteries in their portable PCs when they aren't near an electrical power source. The StepCharger —which measures 13.8x5.8x3.9 cm (5.46x2.3x1.56 in.) and weighs 300 g (10.51 oz.) —can generate up to6 Watts (at DC18V), according to AladdinPower.A usersteps on the device I and pumps up and down with theirheelto charge the battery in their portable PC. AladdinPowersays the device can also be usedto charge satelhte phones, cellular phones, CBs, walkie taikies, digital cameras, video cameras. radios, or other deviceswith a rechargeable battery. The StepCharger has a list price of US$169.95 and can be purchased directly from AladdinPower. At press time, the company did not have a release date forthe device. AladdinPower does have another recharger that is already on the market. It is a lighter, handheld devicethat,when pumped repeatedly, recharges batteries in smaller electronic devices, such as cellular phones,CB radios,rescue lights,rechargeable CD players, radios, and tape players. The handheld recharger has a list price of

US$69.95. — TCPStaff

saving.The new version adds hands-free speech-activated control; playback on a

second display (like a'TV); and advancedmovie controls including slow motion. Minimum system requirements for MacVCOare Mac 05 9 and OuickTime 4.0. MacVCDX 3.2 is available for Apple hardware running 05 X. MacVCDforMac OS 9 can be downloaded from Nireth'sWeb site.The download includes a demo version that can be run without a registration key. which is required to unlock the full version. The key is US$15. — TCPStag

Viewgonictargets hometheatres

Typin g tutorrevamped Individual S oftware I n c. (www.individualsoitware.corn) has introduced a new version of Typing Instructor Deluxe. Version12.0 contains an updat-

ed database that tracks and reports on user progress, and enhanced 3Dgraphical hands to guide users in correct finger placement. Instruction is organized into

lessons, tests. and practice material along a travel theme, whichcan be supplemented with material f ro m t h e T yping -Instructor Web site. Users can

follow pre-set lesson plans or design their own plans targeting specific problems. P rogress

r e ports sh o w

improvementand identify weak areas by key finger, hand, and key row, and with bar, line, and stack graphs. TypingInstructorDeluxe has a s uggested retail p r ice o f

Viewsonic Corp. (wwwviewsonicca) hasunveiled two projectors designed to meet the

US$29.95 (single user licence

requirements ofbusiness,butalso to appealto home users. The company is billing the PJ500 and PJ550 as affordable alternatives to sta-

fee), and supports Windows XP, Me, 2000, and 98. A business version is available directly from Individual Software.

tionary, bulky and expensive bigscreen TVs. The units each weigh

—TC P Staff

2.25 kg (5 lb.) each, and can be usedwith video and TV signals (including HDTV), as well as with PCs and laptops. The higherpriced PJ550 offers higher XGA

resolution. Accor ding to Viewsonic, both proj ectorsoperate at33 dedbelsand offerone-touch setup.Otherfeaturesinclude 1,200 lumen brightness, a short focal length for large clear images at a short distance,digitalkeystone correction,and zoom functions,as weU as enhanced video inputsforcomponent and s-video, and an eco-mode setting forenergy and tamp bfe conservation.

ThePJ500 and PJ550 carry estimated streetprices of$3,189and $4,149,respectively.

—ICPStaff 12 ApRIL 2002 THE coMpUTER I%pER CREAT ERIDRQIEID EDITION wwwxanadacnrnpvtnnmm

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e VI D E O E D I T I N G e

Video-editing basics Whether you' re putting together a presentation or working on your future Academy Award,-here are a few foundation techniques you' ll need By EtnfnTownsend ~l e

oday'smarket for editing software

FireWire is two-way; using VCR-like controls. you can control the video camera from your computer, preset the exact spot at which you want to start capturing, and more, depending on a program's features. Again, in the Video Capture application:

ul» I

e oe e e

is varied enough that deciding which program suits you best is a challenge. Should you spend close to $1,000 on Adobe Premiere — generally recognized as the most powerful of the

LChoose Setup > Ulead DirectShow

bunch —or buy a digital video (DV) camera for the same price and just use Microsoft Movie Maker, which is included with Windows Me and XP? You'd think the answer would be clear: Premiere for "serious" work, everything else for hobbyists, right? Well, it's not quite that simple. I' ve explored the differencesbetween four popularprograms (Microsoft Movie Maker XP, MGI VideoWave5.0, Ulead MediaStudio 6.5, and Adobe Premiere 6.0), and looked at how each handlessome of the basic tasks of digital movie making.

are

0 t'I •

Inde toblnck (or white, nrphid, nr .) The simplest way to get &om one scene to another is to use ajump cut, or a sudden switch &om one to the other. But you can get more subtle or dramatic effects using transitions like cross-dissolves (fading one image out as another fades in), wipes, irises in and out, and more.Even the classic fade-out or fadein is just a cross-dissolve to or &om a

Thechngongun iopnnonto rangeofsohwsiemut-

fintfingyour rnw snntarinl Capturing video is largely the same, regardless of software; the big difference iswhether you're using an analogue or digital source. Analogue requires some kind of capture hardware, which will usually includeits own application, but capturing directly into your editing application can be a big time-saver. AB four programs effortlessly worked with my ATI AB-in-Wonder Radeon, but let' s look at how it was done in the Video Capture component of MediaStudio: 1. When you start the Video Capture pmgram, you should immediately seeyour video source in the preview window. If not, make sure the right captum device is selected by choosing Setup > Ulead DirectShow Capture Plug-in from the menu. If you' re still missing the image or sound, set your hardware input parameters by choosing Setup > Video Properties &om the menu. 2.Choose Capture > Video to set parameters like resolution, fame rate, clip length, and a filename and destination for the clip. Click OK to save the settings. 3. You can either start capturing immediately, or capture at a later time by

Capture Plug-in to select your DV camera. 2.Choose Setup > Device Contml and change Current Device to the appropriate 1394 Device ControL 3. Use the VCR contmls to find the segment you want to capture. 4. Click Record.

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select any oddball resolution if you' re so indined, and can even do time-lapse

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UsingaDV cameraisa much simpler affair, becauseyou're notso much capturingvideo as downloading it.

manual single-frame capture for stopmotion animation. At the other end is Movie Maker XP, which only givesyou a handful of capture resolutions, all of

Not all programs give you the same level of flexibility when it comes to analogue capture. Most have a fairly wide variety of presets for resolutions and frame ratesyou can use,and afi ow some level of customization. whereas others constrain you a bit. At one end of the spectrum is Premiere, which lets you

Using a DV camera is a much simpler affai r,because you're not so much capturing video as downloading it. DV cameras pipe video and audio data through a FireWire port (also known generically as IEEE 1394 or under Sony's i.Link moniker)dn a fixed format, eliminating configuration hassles. Also,

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whichare designed forplayback on aPC or handheld.

Transitions are such a basic part of

film languagethat it's surprising Movie Maker XP doesn'thave any of these &mctions beyond a simple cross-fade (accomplished by dragghcg one video clip on the timeline so that it over)aps another). It's doubly surprising when you consider that Microsoft's own PowerPoint presentation software has more than its share. VideoWave puts many transitions at your disposal, and uses afairly common and fiexible method to apply them. 1. Drag your two clips &om the Video Library onto the Storyline strip. 2.Double-click the filmstrip graphic between the two clips; the Transitions

Library appears. 3. Select the type of transition you want to use and set the duration in the text box at the bottom of the screen. 4. Preview the transition in the preview window. When you' re satisfied, click Apply, then Close. Continued ou page)8

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Video-edigngbasics Continuedfrom page )6 Premiere's method of adding transitions is conceptually similar, but it has the added bonus of being able to specify the opacity of the images at the beginning and end of the transition, and to combine transition effects one after the other.

The soundof mmic Almost every video production has two soundtracks running simultaneously: the scene's original soundtrack (dialogue, ambient noise, etc.) and music or effects that add interest. Adding a new audio track to a Movie Maker XP pmject is simple enough: drag an audio clip from your collection onto the timeline. To balance the volume between your video clip and the audio clip, click the Set Audio Levels icon to the left of the timeline; a cross-fader appears, which you can adjust during playback You can trim or overlap audio clips the same way you would video clips. It's as easy as falling oif a bicycle, but it also sacrifices tlexibility for its simplicity. One of the most common video tricks (you see it every night on the evening news) is For the camera to focus on

someone talking, then switch to another scene while the Erst person's voice is heard over the new visuals. To do this in Movie Maker XP, you' d have to extract the first video clip's audio in another program, then lay it down as a separate audio track Not only is this extra step inconvenient, you'd likely have to redo some of your work if you later change the timing of your clips —exactly the sort of headache editing programs are supposed to prevent. VideoWave lets you layer multiple audio clips, each of which can have its own audio level and Fade settings, and can b e t ri m med in dependently. However, it's hard to relate the beginning or ending of an audio clip to a specific point in the video without pen, paper, and some math skills. I n c o ntrast. M e diaStudio a n d Premiere use a method reminiscent of those used in my film school days; like Movie Maker, audio clips are laid down on the timeline, positioned exactly where you want. Each bar representing an audio clip has a line running through it, representing volume. You can set a point in the audio track by clicking on it, then drag that point up or down to represent a shift in volume at a particular frame.

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W hen aUissaid and done and you'vefinished editing your, masterpiece. you'U want to output it to videotape, Video CD (VCD), DVD, AVI, or QuickTime, or maybe ag of the above. Every editing package can at l east save to AVI, QuickTime, or MPEG file formats, in a variety of sizes and frame rates appropriate For delivery over the Web, email, or CD-ROM. The exception i s M ovie Maker X P , w h ic h o n l y e x ports Microsoft's more recent Windows Media Video (WMV) format. Similarly, you can output to video from any of theseprograms ifyou have a video-out jack on your video card. Premiere, however, goes the extra mile by providing optional colour bars and a I kHz tone for calibration purposes. If you' ve been working with a DV camera and a PireWire port, you can output digital video to the camera directly. Some packages even include native VCD/DVD-burning support. If you' re using VideoWave or MediaStudio. you can create VCDs, Super VCDs (SVCDs), or DVDs without leaving the program.

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In VideoWave, you can even work back and forth between DVD authoring and video editing by clicking the Author DVD and Storyboard icons on the left side of the screen.

Summary These four tasks —capture, transitions, sound mix, and output — are among the most basic tasks of any vid«o-editing project, and you should, hopefully, have an idea of which package best supports your needs and working methods. But if you' re still uncertain or need to touch on more specialized aspects of video production, free trial versions of aU of these programs are available on the Web (except. of course, for Motne Maker). lf you can't decide between two programs, consider getting them both. The advantage of working with standardized file formats like AVI and QuickTime is that you can use whatever tool you need for a given job. And with good tools and perseverance, you just might be able to give Steven Spielberg a run for his

money. Ct EmruTownsend(emm@poboxcom) fondly remember, lengthysessionson0 Steeobeck editing tablewith tfimm film andmagnetic stock.

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Digital video state of the art Future Fellini's no longer have to mortgage the family home to setup a real-time video editing system By Hop)md gelo

editing system typically consists of a video capture card. a computer with a

eorge Lucas is said to have commented that the next great filmmaker will very likely be an adolescent, thanks in part to digital video technology. The advancements in digital video and computers over the past five years have reached critical mass. We are now just waiting for that 12- or 13-year old genius to appear. DV Magazine has chronicled case studies of people who created their first, fufi-length features using a clunker (by today's standards) Pentium system. There is even a book out on produdng full-length features using digital video.

Pentium or faster processor, and appro-

The holy grail of videtpanfifingsystems Video editing is at the heart of storytelling by images. A PC-based video-

priate editing software for downloading video onto a very fast hard drive and manipulating the images and sounds. Five years ago, in an article for TCP,I described how to build a Pentium-based video-editing system. It wasn't rocket science: anyone with a working knowledge of PCs or a good relationship with a value-added vender could launch his or her moviemaking career with a fairly simple setup. (Having the requisite talent to tefi a good yarn on video, is another story, and something no amount of computer hardware can replace.) However. using a Pentium system with a $1,400 video capture card of the kind available five years ago, creating even simple scene transitions required a

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minute or more of computer processing. For very complex special effects, we could be t alking about hours, or even days. This process of the computer churning away to create an effect is called rendering. The goalofboth manufacturers of PC-based videoediting sys tems a nd moviemakers is to see editing results instantly. The key component in a PCbased system that allows immediate viewing of special effects is referred to as a "real-time" capture card.

Five years ago, getting video into a computer was both expensive and fraught with hardware and software glitches. To seespecial el'facts in real-time was a luxury unavailable to most hobbyists or entry-level professional videomakers, unlessthey were prepared to mortgage their grandparents' house. At that time, DV Magazine estimated that a top-end system —with a 133 MHR Pentium CPV, 128 MB EDO RAM, 4 GB hard drive, and a video capture card capable of real-time rendering —capable of broadcast quality output would carry a VS$30,000 price tag.

A Vancouver audio/video retailer at the time offered a professional configuration in the form of the industry leader

Avid Xpress. The price tag for that was about $35,000, without the benefit of

real-time editing. Fast forward five yers, and what do we see? For about $2,000 (and those are Canadian dollars) we can purchase a Continued onpage 23

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Continued front page 20

to be routine now, well within the reach of many consumers. However, we will be

real-time capture card and editing software that offer broadcast quality video output. Along with a PC built with off the shelf parts, you can configure a video-editing system that's ready for prime-time TV.

looking at state-of-the-art digital-video systems to prosumer level systems capable of editing broadcast quality footage and rendering simples effecss in real time. These are based on video-capture cards that bring the total cost of PC-based systems wefl within the price of a good used car. With some caution in configuring these systems, they represent the holy grails in real-time, video-editing systems.

Dlgitel video plodedion Basicafl y,there are fivebasicstepsin creating digital video: I. Shoot the video footage (i.e., get it into the camera). 2. Capture the footage in the computer (i.e., get the video from camera into the hard drive). 3. Edit the footage (i.e. manipulate the images and sound with computer, using transitions, special elfects, or otherwise simply rearranging the sequence of the scenes and audio). 4. Transfer your finished video story back into its original medium (i.e., record on video tape). 5. Transfer video to film (Ee., for those who actually get accepted by a film festival and want to convert the final video to fi)m. Most of us are happy to stop at 4).

The technoloy'cel obslndes Surprisingly, even five years ago the bottlenecks were not for lack of computing power, although speed and power are always good in digital-video computing. The three major bottlenecks are inadequate capture cards, slow hard drives, and slow rendering. The latter had to do with a combination of CPU, capture card and software issues. Inadequate capture cards: These cards at the heart of how the video gets into the computer. The root of the problem is that visual information consists of gigabytes or tetrabytes (thousands of gigabytes) of zeroes and ones, the funda-

quality before editing). Slow hard drives:Unless hard drives can keep up with the flow of video information, there will be missing video frames, or "dropped frames." ln the early

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days of video, only the expensive SCSI drives were used in professional editing systems, but this problem has been answered by the rise of cheap and fast Ultra ATA drives. Spindle speeds of 5,400 rotations per minute (RPM) are adequate for prosumer-level video editing and 7,500 RPM Ultra ATA drives can rival their more expensive SCSI cousins. Related to the hard drive problems is the 2 GB limitation of Windows 95. Huge drives need to be partitioned into bitesizechunks of2 GB each.Soan 8G B drive needs to be subdivided into four chunks ('r om the viewpoint of this OS. But in order to achieve an unbroken flow of video onto or from the hard drive. a single continuous partition is required. Windows NT offered bigger partitioning,but some capture cards did not o&'er drivers for this OS. With the advent of Windows 98. Me, 2000, and now XP, the 2 GB limit is a non-issue. (However, a version of Windows 95 was eventually released that solved the 2 GB limitation). Slow rendering Whenever a transition or other special effect needs to be created, the computer requires a certain amount of time to render the effect by Continued on page 24

mental language of the computer.The function of the capture card is threefold: translate the video signals into computer readabl«zeroes and ones; squeeze this information fast enough onto the hard drive without losing video frames; and be able to get the digitized video from hard drive back out into the original video media. Capture cards have achieved this adequately at the prosumer entry level and at a reasonable cost, around $1,000 to $1.400. The problem is that it is not enough to simply get the video in and out of the computer; the video editor must be able to watch and listen to the scenes while editing them — requiring a realtime capture card. Five years ago these cards were very expensive. The holy grail was to build an affordable system that could render movie special effects "instantly." (Faster rendering was possible in the early, less expensive capture cards, but only if the video was compressed to the point of much degraded

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The solurtons The keyadvancements over the pastfi ve years have been: Cheaperreal-time capture cards:The engineers have been hard at work these pastfew years.Fueled by demands from a growing hobbyist and prosumer market,video capture cards make real-time rendering a reality. These cards also take advantage of the meteoric speed of the new breed of gigahertz fast CPUs. In particular, the advent of FireWire capture cards put the digital video format into the hands of the amateur. Evolution of Windows OSes: Along with getting beyond the 2 GB partition limit, video codecs (i.e., computer formats of video information storage) have been reengineered to allow bigger fi)es. Some writers indicated that the early versions of the AVI format have their own 2 GB limitation. Bigger, faster hard drives: These drives can quickly receive and transfer massive amounts of data from the capture card. A recent TCParticle provides an excel lent survey of the kinds ofhard drives available that are ready for digital video work. I remember a British videomaker once suggested that EIDE (i.e., ATA) drives are adequate for pmfession-

al-level video systemsand was derided

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manipulating the gigabytes of video information. This computational time can be a few seconds or dose to a minute, depending on the computer system. The speed of the computer is a factor here. The faster the computer the better — buy a computer with the largest number of gigahertz (or megahertz) you can alford. The addition of proprietary chips onto a video-capture card also plays a critical role in speeding up the rendering of special effects. In some video-editing systems, dual streams of video are supported in order to speed up the editing process. An additional CPU (dual-CPU systems) can also assist in achieving the holy grail of real-time rendering.

by many North Americans in a digital video discussion forum. Today, with the monster 80 GB or bigger Ultra ATA, drives offered by Maxtor and Seagate there is no want of video storage. The main issue now is getting these, components to work well together. Continued on page 26

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mid-range priced. This isonly about $500 more than the miro DC-30, which was offered by Pinnade's predecessor Miro,

Continuedfrom page 24

Pinnade Pro-One tsww.pinn aderrs.com

Unfortunately, EU the bugs haven't been worked out yet. The real-time capture card is still at the heart of any video-editing system. In your hunt for a professional-level videoediting system, begin your configuration design with the video-capture card. These can still be finicky when it comes to compatibility issues. A capture card may be fussyabout the motherboard, the video card (i.en graphics card), or operating system.

and did not includereal-time rendering.

Eslimatedretail price:51,950 Pinnacle Systems became the world' s largestvideo-capture card manufacturer when it bought out Fast and Truevision. The Pro-One has a long and successful pedigree going back to the miro DC-20, one of the Grst prosumer capture cards at relative cheap prices under $1,000. The Pro-One comes with a soltware bundle that includes Adobe Premiere 6.0, Hollywood FX RT, and TitleDeko RT. It o&ers fast 3D-rendering software working in conjunction with a powerful rendering engine on the card. It is a DVD authoring solution. At about $1,950, it is

Real -Rme videtFcaphre cards Following are three of the contending video capture cards that can be at the

Estimatedretail price:52,100 The capture card bundle that most intrigues me is the DV Storm Plus. It happens to be also the most expensive. What is innovative about this card is that it uses the computer's CPU to perform what other high end cards do with their own onboard chips. A few years ago this would have seemed foolhardy, but with powerful CPUs being commonplace today, the capture card's performance could potentially improve with each CPU upgrade. The glitches that come with such configurations must be taken with extreme caution. Carefully read the technical papers posted on the Canopus Web site. Compatibility issues abound concerning graphics cards and rnotherboards.

Malrox RT2500 www.matrox.com Estimatedretail price:51,450 Matrox offers broadcast quality video editing in its product RT2500. At $1,450, this is the cheapest of the three contenders. The RT 2500 bundle has limited 3D effects, but as my videomaker brother contends, a good documentary videomaker only needs 8 few basic effects and transitions. If all the beUs and whisdes are not required, the Matrox RT 2500 gives a big bang for the buck with its real-time rendering of basic video effects. As with the other cards, care should be taken reviewing compatibility of the various components of the PC configuration. In particular, the RT 2500 is fussy about the graphics card it sits with. Using it with an appropriate Matrox graphics card is recommendetL

Sapporosnow, icesuclplure fesbval NB— The Sapporo Snow Festivalin Japan began in 1950 when local high school students built six snow statues in Odori Park. Others later joined in 2nd huge snowsculptures emerged, marking the start of one of Japan's largest winter events. The festival now attracts a growing numbe'r of visitors from Japan and abroad—more than two million people in 2001. Find out more about the festival at this official site, which is view-

Coudusiou I believe we have hit critical mass with the advent of the above three real-time video capture cards. However, take extreme caution to review ag compatibility issues before plunging into a real-time editing system. Who knows?You may be the next Rlmmaking genius. 0

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such superlatives during a news conference at the Photo Marketing Association trade show and conference here, indeed charts a different path. In the X3 sensor, each photosensitive pixel captures all three colours needed to construct an RGB fred-green-blue) image. By contrast. image sensors used in all other consumer and prosumer digital cameras available today use a mosaic of colour Blters over the sensor array. This architecture means that each photosite captures information for just one colour. The camera' s image processor then uses algorithms to reconstruct the image in its full colour Sdelity, but this takes

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Making your own DVDs and VCDs Tape is passe— today's distribution medium is the shiny platter By EmreTownsend

lighter than videotapes, they don' t degrade, and you can spill coffee on

or years, computer hardware and software makers have been trying to sell you on the idea of shooting, editing, and producing your own movies—.an appealing prospect for companies that want to make in-house product demonstrations, presentations, or demo reels; budding auteurs working on a budget; or people who want to archive their old video footage. But if you' re going to produce digitally, why output to boring old analogue videocassettes?We all know the benefits of optical media: they' re smaller and

them or put them next to magnets with-

out fearing for their safety. If you think I'm talking about DVDs, you' re only partly right. There are several alternatives based on CD media that arecheaper,quicker,and could be just right for you, depending on your needs.

HWY 407

Thegranddaddyof fhemall Playing video on a shiny five centimetre disc didn't start with the DVD; the Video CD (or VCD) has been around for years. In 1993, when the compact disc wasseen as the acme of versatile media. the Video

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plays a fairly low-resolution image, about the same as a VHS tape. The SVCD, XVCD, and XSVCD formats, all of which achieve better resolution, were introduced later. And acting as the metaphoricbridge between VCDs and DVDs are MiniDVDs, which are CDs encoded with DVD-compliant video. Because of the CD's lower capacity, a MiniDVD can't even fit a half hour of video. There are also few DVD players that recognize the format.

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Dlaldngyour ownDVDsand VCDs Continuedfrom page 30 is, in theory, a fairly simple four-step process. Capture your video sequences, edit them, save them in MPEG format, then burn them onto a CD or DVD. In practice, it is only that simple once you' ve worked through a couple of obstacles and caveats. The most p«micious of these obstacles is the fiexibility of the VCD and DVD MPEG formats: there isn't any. The specifications are extremely particular, which is great for compatibility, but sometimes frustrating when it comes to creating your own. For instance, Equilibrium DeBabelizer Pro 4.5 canconvert to and from many digital media formats, but MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 aren't among them. And just the ability to write MPEG 6les isn't a guarantee:MGI VideoWave haslong been apopular mid-level video-editing program, but while each version can produce MPEG-1 6les, it wasn't until VideoWave 4.0 that those MPEG-1 6(es could be VCD-compliant. DVD-compliant MPEG-2 6les weren't available until version 5.0. Then, too, there are issueswith actuafiy VCDs. Some burning programs can create Video CD 2.0 menus; others can't.Some are more lax aboutthesource MPEG parameters, fixing certain problem files on the fly before burning. Finally, few support mor«advanced VCD formats like SVC D. No single pack-

burning

•

age does it alk Similarly, DVD authoring programs provide varying levels of customization options. Clearly, custom VCDs and DVDs aren't foreveryone. The aforementioned concerns notwithstanding, VHS tapes are easy to come by, and the dollars-to-minutes ratio is roughly the same between tapes andVCDs (blank DVD media is stifi comparatively pricey). Even the durability and slimness of optical media may not be enough to tip the decision for most. But forsome people, they can be a godsend. For example, in my other life as an entertainment writer, I receive a lot of preview tapes with clips, interviews, and movie trailers. Because thesetapes rarely exceed 15 minutes, I can easily combine the video from a stack of VHS cassettes onto one VCD, which takes up a fraction ofthe space.Furthermore. the randomaccess nature of the CD makes VCDs a good choice for video I need to skip through quickly, using the menus to hop through tracks. The Video CD is the easiest of the formats to create; the methodology also provides the template for creating any other kind of CD or DVD video. So we'll start 1'rom here and expand on the other formats later. The first step in the processof creating a VCD is, of course, to have some video clips to work with. Although there are severalvideo capture devices on the •

•

here are many similarities between the different VC0 and DV0 formats, which should «ome asno surprise— they're allfamily,afteralk VC0 hasby farthe most offspring: itspawned both SVC0 and XVC0, which in turn led to XSVE0. Bearin mind that the XVC0/XSVE0 and tcini0VD formats, while providing the best quality on inexpensive C0

media,are also the most shaky:few standalone 0VD players recognize them, and software player support is equally spa~. If you' re interested in delving into the intricacies of subtitles and multiple audio tracks,the beststarting pointisVC0help.cow (www.vcdhe(p.corn),which provides tutorials, software reviews, and plenty of links to technical resources on the Web. —Emru Townsend VCD Resolution 352x240 Recordingmedia i CD Nativevideoformat MPEG-I Videobitrste(M Mb'I i 1.15 Audiobitrate Kb s 224 Stereoaudiotracks 1 Subtitletrack s NA

SV C D

N CD

XS VC D

Mi niDVD D V D

4 80x480 7 20x480 7 20x480 720x480

72 0x480

CD CD MPEG-2 MPEG-t

CD CD MPEG-2 MPEG- 2

DVD

2. 6 32-384 2 4

9.8 32-38 4 2 4

33 22 4 1 A

9.8 64-4 48 8 32

MP EC-2 9.8 64-4 48 8 32

Notes:i RecordableCDformatsindudeCD-RandCD-Ryg Recordable DVDformatsincludeDVD-R, DVDRW,DVD+RDvD+Rw i VCDs,theonlyformat tousea constant bitiate, fitsabout65 minutesona 650 MBdisc. Youcanfit moreor leis footageinotherformats br varyingthevideoandaudio bitrates.

market, my gadget of choice —and therefore the basis for my examples—is ATI's AB-in-Wonder series of AGP cards. I like the All-in-Wonder because it's fairly versatile and doubles as an internal video card —when you have a work area that sometimes acts as a miniature video studio, you learn to appreciate anything that reduces desktop clutter. In this case, I used the 32 MB All-in-Wonder Radeon with a 733 MHz Pentium Hl to ensure smooth captures. While VCDs use MPEG-1 video, it' s impractical to capture in the MPEG format outright; it uses alossyform of compression, which ultimately means that the image degradesevery time you resave (and therefore recompress). Since it' s almost a certainty that you' ll be editing your video cfi p after it's captured, you should use a lossless or near-losslessformat like AVI or QuickTime for your master and interim files. I' ll be concentrating on AVIs because I'm working on a Windows platform, but most of the rules discussedhere apply either way.

CrealingVCDsIna perfect world Because the various VCD formats are very specific, it's best to capture video that adheres asc(ose(y to spec as possible; it will save you considerable trouble later. All of the VCD and DVD formats use the drop-frame NTSC standard, which streamsvideo at a rate of 29.97 frames per second (fps). Audio should be at CD quality —44.1 kHz, 16-bit stereo. Sometimes you have to make do with what your software allows. For instance, the All-in-Wonder Radeon's Digital VCR softwaredoesn't have a 352x240 setting for VCD-compliant video. (Curiously, the older All-in-Wonder 128's software does have it.) I usuagy set the capture resolution to 320x240 and scale the video later on. Purists may prefer to scale down from a higher resolution so that absolutely nothing is lost, but as I haven't been able to detect any visible artifacts from the 10 percent pixel increase, I don't consider it worth the extra time and disk space. Once you' vecaptured and collected all your clips, you can edit them with transitions, captions, and so on in your editing program. This processwould take up a few issues by itself, the important part for our purposes is that the editing program is able to save as a VCD-compliant MPEG. In the case of MGI VideoWave 4.0, the process is fairly simple: choose the Produce Video option, then select the

appropriate Video C D te mplate. VideoWave will handle the rest. Burning your VCD is also fairly straightforward. Most popular CDburning programs include the ability for at least rudimentary VCD creation; that is, dragging and dropping your MPEG 6les in order, creating a disc on which the

files become video tracks that you can skip through with your remote or playback software. Some packages, su«h as Roxio's Easy CD Creator 5.0 Platinum, also let you create a menu screen. Creating a menu structure requires a start sequence and at least one menu page. Both of theseshould be familiar to DVD connoisseurs: a start sequence is one or more MPEGs that will play automatically when the disc is inserted, and a menu page displays an MPEG you create showing the diiferent menu selections. (Unlike a DVD, viewers can't use the remote's arrow keys to select menu items; the tracks are selected nmnerically.)Once you've defined your layout,the hard part is over: just click Record and burn your Video CD.

CreafingVCDsIn a not~perfect world If the editing program you' reusing doesn't create VCD-«ompliant MPEGs, you can always use a conversion pmgram. There are several commercial programs on the market, such asMedia 100's Media Cleaner. as well as freeware options like AVI2MPG arid TMPGEnc. (Even if yow commercial program outputs VCD Continued on page76

Aaamorphic:Aaanamorphic image isaae that

hasbeensquashedorstretchedfromitsproper aspectratio. An%CDsqueezesastandardrecnngularvideoimageinto a 480x480 square, and "uasqueezes"4 onplaybackto 720xssct CodecShortforcompressor/decomixessor, a cadet isanalgorithmfor compressing datato fs into lessspace, or usingthesamealgorithm to expandcompresseddata. Because video requires a lot oldata-oneuncompressed720z480 frameis roughly1 tr8 ofinformation-it istypicallycom. pres sedinsomewsy.Becausemostcodecsare lossy(some dataislostin compresdion), care mustbetakento balancequality and file size. Drop-frameNTSC:NTSCtimecodesndreal time don'tquitematchup. Ia orderto compensate, sometimecode"stamps"are skipped st regular intervalstocompensate. NTSC:Short for NationalTelevisionStandards Committee,NTSCisthe standardanaloguevideo signalin NorthAmericaaad)span.

www.canadacompuiescom THECOMPUTER PAPER GREA TERTORONTOEDITION APRIL2002 33

C5jitxlbrPA aPER

Hmds Oa L ab T est • H a r d w a r e E v a l u a t i on s • S o f t w a r e 8 C D - R O M

Cutting the wires TCP Lab looks at the latest in wireless Internet-sharing devices s high-speed Internet services make their way into more and ore homes, the focus on broadband sharing devices is growing, for two key reasons. First, many Canadian households have more than one personal computer and householders want a way to connect them together easily. Second, a connection to broadband networks (either DSL or cable) comes with security risks —their faster speed and always-on nature make these connections more attractive to hackers. Broadband-sharingdevices solve two problems at the same time. They stop hackers dead at the sharing device, with a technology called Network Address Translation(NAT). While not a true firewall, NAT adds a layer of protection from the malicious elements in the outside world, as the range of IP addresses

Re views

Annual tax software audit Online and retail products for preparing your personal return Dy JoannaCratrit he competition for the personal tax preparation sofiware market is, again, being waged on two fronts: the retail CD-ROM products (of which there are now only two in Canada); and the online tax filing programs, which are growing in popularity.

inside your network are not visible from the outside world. In effect, the outside world seesonly the single identity of the broadband-sharing device. The device establishes a connection

with your service provider, thenserves as your one-point gateway to that provider. This is it s second benefit: many providers allow subscribers only one IP Continued onpage 38

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se APRIL2002 THE COMPUTERPAPER CREA TERTORONTOEonlou wawaaaadammpaiaa.corn

Price:529.95(Deluxe), 59.95(online/To Go,sin-

gle return) GHIJTax From:Colin GTNithssod Assoc. www.grifftsx.corn/ Price:555,545(renewal)

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Price:512.95(single return), 519.95(family return) So which is best for you? If you're using tax software or even preparing your own return for the first time, the CD-ROM products ol'fer a better package of expert help, with fufi-motion video tutorials. The vendors of online tax preparation Continued onpage 35

< HA NDS O N >

Annual tax software audit Continued front page 34 programs — who can't compete on the

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SLSNO I I CllONlK The two retail products are QuickTax and TaxWiz. QuickTax is available in basic, deluxe. and business versions for Windows, and deluxe for the Mac OS. TaxWiz is available in a deluxe version, for Windows only. Both include a range of multimedia and wizard assistants, technical support, tax guides, integrated spousal return, French support, extensive Web sites with free software updates, and integration with Netfite, allowing you to file your completed return over the Internet.

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Both run on any incarnation of Windows, from 95 to XP. But TaxWiz requires a computer with a 133 MHz or fasterPentium processor.Q uickTax can run on a PC powered by a lowly 486

Unlimited PnssiisiliYics I •

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• processor, but it does need a 6X CDROM drive (TaxWiz needs only a 4X drive). QuickTax also requires Internet Explorerto function properly,whereas TaxWiz can run on its own unless you want to use Netfile.

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online help is plentiful, but the multimedia is limited — it's forms and still images for the most part. Another online option i s U fi le. Experienced users will appreciate the fast load times when navigating the forms (although the initial page takes its time). Ufile also ol'fers a streamlined support site, with advice from tax expert Brian Costello. Ufile costs $12.95 for a single user and $19.95 for a family. All three online programs are Netfilecertified. And all three offer free tax preparation online fo r t hose with incomes of less than $20,000.

Continued from page 33 QuickTax also reserves a lot of the more useful features for the more expeosive versions. Those who opt for the basic package miss out on priority technical support, extra tax tips, a capital gainsanalyzer,a range of planners (for RESPs, loans, investment savings, and more). and i ncorporation analyzer. TaxWiz, meanwhile, gets points for allowing unlimited returns; QuickTax limits you to five. The strength of both packages is the flexibility they offer. The planners allow you to create scenarios and instantly see how they will affect your return. They also include a degree of hand-holding that the online programs can't touch. The CD-based programs cost more than their online counterparts, but if you need the extra help, it's worth it.

Forfi tatusers A Mac-only option is GriffTax, which is online and on CD-ROM. It's a bit pricier than the Intuit and Taxmatic options and is definitely less flashy than its main competitor, QuickTax. The manual is only available as a separate download, and the Web site is a barebones order form that lacks the sophisticated help features Intuit ofl'ers. But it does the job. If you just want to fdl out the forms, without the high learning curve the feature-filled QuickTax offers, this is a good choice. Grifl'tax is also Netfile certified.

The online option The developers of both CD-ROM-based programs have online o(ferings as well: QuickTaxWeb and TaxWiz Online and TaxWiz To Go. At $19.95 for a single return and $24.95 for a couple, QuickTaxWeb is more expensive than the box version if you prepare more than one return. TaxWiz Online allows you to prepare two returns for $9.95. Its developer, TaxMatic, also offers a unique product Forthose nervous about disclosing credit card information online or those without a credit card: a TaxWiz To Go card that ran be purchased in retail stores. The card has a number you use —instead of your credit card number — to accew the TaxWiz Online preparation site. The online programs have some of the features of the boxed software: inter- . views and planners are standard, and

leetfiting Allof the programs mentioned here are Netfile certified, which means you can file a return electronically. The federalgovernment sanctioned tax-fding service is free (but you can't file online without purchasing or paying a fee to use an authorized program). Procrastinators note: the window for Netflling your 2001 return closes june 30, 2002. After that you' ll have to print out a hard copy of your completed return, stick a stamp on it. and drop it in the nearest postbox.Cl

Valt-X a hardware ftrewall for your hive

use to install a CD-ROM or DVD drive.

(The company says a floppy drive-size sled will be available soon.) Reconnect the cables to the sled and you' re done. The sled has a nice font-panel LED readout to show you the current mode and status. You can start with a clean drive, or with your existing drive in its current configuration. On a clean drive, using the boot diskette's install mode setting, you configure the drive with the operating system, applications, and settings you want. Although upgrading an existing drive may be simpler, I'd recommend doing a clean install and partitioning your drive into system and data partitions. The system partition that Valt-X protects will double in size. For example, safeguarding a 5 GB OS partition requires 10 GB of drive space. If you choose to protect the whole drive, you lose half its capacity. When you' re done, use the boot diskette to select protected or live mode. Protected mode provides complete protection against any changes. Each time the system i s r ebooted, the same unchangeable configuration s tarts. Although it is possible to install stuff. all changes made between reboots are lost. This means that not even your worst user can screw things up. Although protected mode may be ideal for f amily visits, libraries or schools, it presents some obstacles for home users. You must move sll of the files that change under normal operation, like your mailbox (.pst) fde and favourites folder, from the system partition to the data partition. Finding and making these adjustments is a task that may require expert assistance.

External USB 2.5" HDD Kit

Dynatron Micro Fins

Live mode allows you to keep changes between reboots. With the boot diskette, you can reset to the saved configuration, or update the protected image with the current configuration. Even protected mode users will need live mode to install new applications or devices. Although live mode seems preferable, you may find yourself going back too far, or not far enough in your backup file when trouble comes. When you do restore, you' ll still need to have backups of' things like mail and favourites. The utility diskette allows you to convert an existing drive to Valt-X. and includes a disk partitioning application. A utility that moved mailbox and other files and folders would be a welcome addition. Once Valt-X is configured, it's amazingly easy to use. Restore is so simple and fast that the first time I tried it, I was sure something had gone wmng. Within a second — literally —it had reversed all of the intentionally malicious changes I'd made and restarted. I tested Valt-X's single-drive solution (which sells for $130), but dual-drive and RAID systems are also available for high-capacity or high-reliability solutions. Valt-X on its own is not a backup solution, and only the RAID version can protect against disk failure. There may be other ways to accomplish what Valt-X olfers, from backup and system restore features of Windows to drive imaging and undoing software applications. However powerhl or useful these alternate solutions may be, though, they don't approach Valt-X's ease of use, speed of recovery, or total reliabiTity. Note: The company's literature says the single-drive Valt-X works with any operating system, but later states that it is "currently not available for Macintosh systems."Cl

Continued front page 34

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connected users freedom to move a computer hum place to place (a big consideration with notebooks). With a wireless link. you don't have to worry about network access when you move your PC to the boardroom for a presentation. Or, for those who work at home, your clients won't know you' re returning their emails from your notebook while surfing from the badryard or beside the pooL A wireless 802. I lb connection typically allows your PC to link to the network (rom a distance of a few hundred metres from the access point under ideal drcumstances (like an open Beld). In nonideal circumstances— like a house or an OIIIce, with wood, metal, and concrete obstructions between rooms —the range will probably not be as wide. In our oflice, we typically had a range of about 30 m, and that's through metal and concrete. You should be able to get a fairly good connection throughout your typical house, and even out into the backyard, unless there's major interference somewhere. One thing to note the wireless signal does degrade the further your PC is from the access point, and 802.1 lb networkContinued on page 41

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ing will compensate by dropping the transmission speed. At full strength, you can achieve an I I Mbps signal, but that can drop to as low as I Mbps as you walk away fiom the transmission source. Remember, too, that you need a wireless card of some sort in the remote PC to utilize the wireless component of these new routers. Many of the vendors who sell wireless routers also ofFer wireless cards for the computers. Prices and configurations range somewhat. but PC Card adapters for use in notebooks typically sell for about $150 these days. For less than $I00, you can get a PCI adapter to use that PC Card in a desktop system. Following are some of the latest wireless Internet sharing devices that TCP Lab received for testing.

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Estimatedprice: S450(converted fram USS289) The FR3002AL comes in two varieties: wireless-ready and wireless included. The main difference between tbe two is

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that one has an empty PC Card slot on the back, and the other includes the card. Unlike other routers with wireless integrated and antennae on the rear,this configuration has two implications: the card sticks out the back, which could get in the way of other things on the desktop; and the wireless component is theoretically upgradeable down the road. The FriendlyNet router comes with two 10/100 LAN ports and a parallel port for printer sharing. INC found the device was quite simple to configure. It is also reasonably attractive, and allows stacking, which is perfect if you want to add an Asantd hub into the miz — just pop it on top. If you just want the basic routing functionality (you can add 802.lib later), you can opt for the FR3002AL instead, which sells for about $299 (conContimfedon page 43

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One of its most attractive features is its

CaMe/DSLGateway Router FSD6230-3 From:Belkin Components

price; by stripping off external considerations, like printer and serial ports, it comes in at one of the lowest prices we've seen for a device of this type. Even better, Belkin's networking products feature a lifetime w a rranty — very a t tractive indeed. Ifyou've already set up a broadband sharing router without built-in wireless access, Belkin also offers an 802.11b Wireless Network Access Point ($239). The company also offers PC Card adapters ($135), PCI adapters ($69). and USB adapters ($150) for remote computers on your network

wwwbelkin.com Estimatedprice:5299

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verted &om US$185). Asants also offers PC Card adapters for about $240 (converted &om US$145). Overall. the pricing is a bit steeper than with some other manufacturers, but as Asante mainly deals with high-end networking products, you' re paying for the enterprise-level working expertise. The FriendlyNet products have a oneyear warranty.

RelMnWireless

From: D-LinkSystems htlp://www.dlinkca Eslimatedprice: 5419

To many, Belkin means cables. but the company has a lot of other product lines, including a networking division with a wide range of offerings. Belkin's Wireless Gateway follows a standard boxy design, but the product isanythingbutst'andard. It's very simple to set up, but is also quite powerful. It comes with three built-in 10/100 LAN ports. and adjustable antennae for optimizing your wireless connection. In addition to the standard features you expect on such a device (NAT and VPN, among others). the Belkin access point also allows one DMZ (demilitarized zone) port to be configured, so you' ll have unfettered access to that con-

nected device from either side of the gateway —perfect if you want to set up a

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minutes. The advanced setup screens are a bi t m o r e complicated, but t h e advanced users D-Link is targeting will figure it out pretty quiddy. Printer-sharing setup is also easy using the included driver CD (we were even able to access the printer using Windows XP). On first glance, the DI-713P seems pricey, but it is one of the more fully featured units, with built-in printer port and serial ports, as well as DMZ functionality. For those who want a bit more. the extra investment is definitely worthwhile! The D-Link router comeswith a one-year warranty. D-Link also has PC Card adapters for about $185, PCI adapters for $210 (which include a PC Card), and a USB adapter for about $180. If you already have a broadband router and want to add an access point, D-Link's Wireless LAN access point runs about $335. Possibly the most interesting adapter we' ve seen, though: for about $190, DLink offers a Type II CF wireless card for your PocketPC handheld.

&out and serial and parallel ports on the back.(Any wonder they had to move the ' antennae to the side?) It all comes in a nice solid metal case that should stand up to almost any desktop abuse. Setup of the device is fairly straightforward. The conffguration screens are simple, and we had everything up and running within minutes. The only real complaint we have with the device is the physical congguration of the box: with the ports on the &out, ports on the back, and the antennae sticking out the side, there are things hanging &om every direction, which could look a little messy on the desktop. If you can tuck it away somewhere, this won't be an issue. Gnet also olfers a PC Card adapter, a wireless PCI adapter for a desktop PC, and an access point, if you already have a broadband router. Gnet networking products have a Eve-year warranty.

Ltnksys InstantBroadbandDKFWIISO From:Unksys www)inksys.tom Eslimatedprice: 5329

Gnat Wireless itetwortdng interest Gateway IPOO OO Fram:GVC Technologies %ough it's already nearly a year old, the DI-713P is still a good choice for those who want to share a broadband connection and add 802.11b wireless access. The router comes with three 10/100 LAN ports, a serial connection, and a parallel port on the back of the device between the two adjustable antennae. The serial port can be used for dialup modem or ISDN connections, and the paragel connection for sharing a printer between the connected computers. The DI-713P allows you to set up one DMZ device. Basic setup for the router was easy: we connected to the test bench through our PPPoE connection within a couple oF

www.svccs Eslimatedprice: 5379

Gnet's wireless gateway looks a little different because its antennae are on the side of the unit instead of the rear. A closer look reveals some other things this device has going for it: like four 10/100 LAN ports and one uplink port on the

We Erst looked at this product last May, and it's still holding up well against the competition: it has Four 10/100 LAN ports, plus one uplink port, adjustable antennae on the ba«k, and advanced features like VPN support. The router stands on four legs, which allows heat to Conri nuedon page 44

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dissipate from underneath it, but if you prefer, Linksysoffers an optional mounting plate so the device can lie flat. Setup of the router is quick, and the configuration pages are quite easy to set up, even if you' rejust new to the world of networking. Since we last looked at it, its price has come down substantially, as has the cost of stand-alone adapters—which areabout $160 for the PC Card and USB adapters, and around $190 for the integrated PCI adapter. All Linksys wireless networking products have a one-year warranty.

silicon colour separation, and claims to be the 6rst company to use it in the design of digital camera image sensors. In the Foveon chip, collecting layers are inserted at the precise depths to

depth. The good news is that it's a fairly standard boxy design. which means you can stack other components on it (or other things on your desktop) without them falling off. A single antenna on the back ofthe device can be adjusted to optimize your wirelessconnection. For those concerned about what other users connected through this box are doing, the Netgear router features content 6ltering and an accesslog. This can also help a system administrator to keep their network dean —just set up a list of restricted sites or keywords, and the router will block all matching traffic. It' s also a good way to keep an eye on what your children are accessing online, if the router is used at home. Netgear also sells wireless PC Cards (about $150), PGI adapters ($80), and a USB adapter ($199). Netgear products have a five-year warranty. Cl

Re(gear Cable/DSL ggirelessRouter MRSIS Fram:Netgear, Inc. Tyymnetgesrcam Estjmated pri ce:5320 Want some gear for your network? Here you go: Netgear's MR314 router has built-in 802.11b functionality and a fidl four IO/100 LAN ports, located on the back of the device. It is signi6cantly larger than any of the other broadband routers we' ve looked at, both width and

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O panl aomnlnaal So e 5 Ng —Rutgers University and Cornell are collaborating ta publish on the Webdocuments used in the trials of 22 Nazis brought to justice in Nuremberg in 1945 aad 1946. Called the Donovan collection, the documents are visuaicopies ofeach page in the 150 bound volumes of Nuremberg trial transcripts. Researchers plan to add more from the col(action every six months. The current instalment concerns the repression of Christian churches under the Nazis.

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Work can be hazardous to your health

H o m e ti W o r k

Symantec introduces firewall hardware

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Improving the ergonomics in your home or small ofBce can be healthy for you and your bottom line

u pmbably recognize Symantec as a software company, most notably the one responsible for the Norton line of products. Thanks to a col-

laboration with Nexland(wwaaerbnd.cam), Symantec hasadded a new line of Erewall hardware to its security offerings.

Symeelet Hrewag/NPN 100 6) il l . i 11I I.L

By TomVeneug rk can be hard on the body. Assembly-line workers, cashiers, musicians, and athletes know this. But even

From:SymontecCarp. wwwsymontecmm Estimstedprice: S775 The Symantec Firewall/VPN 100 is at the entry level of this new product line.

people with jobswedon't consider physical—like sitting at a computer a)I day—can experience debilitating injuries. The common culprit is tasks that involve repeating movements for long periods of time and improper equipment setup, the combination of which results in damage to tendons, nerves. soft tissue, and muscle. In the past, these injuries went by names like tennis elbow.Now, they are grouped under a couple of terms: repetitive strain injuries (RSI) and repetitive motion injuries

which isaimed at small business.This is According to Statistics Canada, while the I990s saw an overall decrease in the number of work-rdated injuries reported.

in contrast to broadband router productsmade more for the home market. Appropriately, the Symantec Firewall

Continued onpage 50

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Firewall/VPN 200 ($1,395), which ran handle up to 30 users, has double the WAN and LAN ports, and supports load-balancing, too. With the 200R model ($1,855) you can connect to remote VPN clients in addition to having a VPN gate. We dropped the Symantec Firewall/ VPN 100 off at our IT department to let them put it through its paces. It handled a high-capacity DSL connection just fine, and was exceptionally easy to set up: enter one IP, if your DSL connection doesn't do it automatically, and then you should be ready to go. Most users with a connection where an IP address is automatically assigned by the broadband modem won' t even have to worry about this step. The configuration of firewall rules was very simple. If you do happen to get

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Continued otn o e 46 products offer added security, conffgurability, and functionality. The Firewall/VPN 100 features one 10/100 Mbps WAN port and four 10/100 Mbps LAN ports. As long as you hook cables up properly, setup can be fairly simple. The Urewall uses DHCP to automatically obtain IP information from the network it is on, if DHCP is available on the network. The firewall will also act as a local DHCP server for any devices you connect through it , and uses Network Address Translation (NAT) and Port Address Translation (PAT). The Urewall can connect to an outside network in several ways, including standard LAN, cable modem, DSL, or even dialup (using the serial port and a connected modem). The unit supports PPPoE and gateway-to-gateway virtual private networking (VPN). One IP address can be set aside as a DMZ (demilitarized zone) port, allowing it to easily access the Internet and be accessed I'reeiy from outside. This is particularly helpful if you want one of your internal computers to beset up as a mail or Web server, but don't want to set up a separate network to do so.

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< SMAL L O F FICE TE C H N O L O G Y 2 subtle: tightness in the wrists, elbows, or neck There may also be a persistent burning sensation in the joints, a tightening up of muscles followed by increasing clumsiness, or fumbling while doing simple things like picking up a cup or pen. Finally, there is persistent pain that may start as a dull ache, but untreated, keeps you awake at night. ErgoCanada.corn fwwwergacanada.cam) founder Michael Craggs. says Canadian businesses need to take these injuries

more seriously. For one thing. ignoring them canbe costly— up to a year'ssalary. V You have reduced worker productivity for several months leading up to the surgery and by that point the employee is probably working at only E(0 percent of their normal productivity rate," Craggs says, whose Saskatoon, Sask.-based firm sells ergonomic products. "Once the surgery is done, you have to take into account the recovery time, which at best is three weeks or at worst up to three

months. Then there are the wages lost... Evenifthose wages are covered by some kind of insurance, you may have to hire someone to fill in for that employee."

- Ergonomics resources • CanadianCentrefor Occupational Helgt and Safetr.An excellent resourcefor information on. ergonamics and health issues related to poor design. It hasan extensive resource page. www.ccohs.ca • CanadianStandardsAssodation: mis organi. ration publishes the Guideline on Office Ergonomics, amust for anybusinessthinking of making their office environment more user friendly. It indudes ergonomic assessment tips and advice.

• Ofgce ErgonomicTraining: The site bas resourcesfor ergonomicscommittee members

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Many businesses mistakenly assume that because such injuries can be medically expensive to remedy, tackling the problem early on must also be expensive. In fact, there are many things that improve the physical working environment that are quite affordable. Craggs suggests a businessshould first get a proper ergonomic assessment.This involves hiring an ergonomics specialist Continued on page 54

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Continuedfrom page 5 I to come in and study the workspace of each employee. An independent consultant can o8'er an objective view of the situation, as workers often don't realize their work habits could lead to physical damage, or they believe a persistent ache is simply the price of doing the job.

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"Contrary to what 0 lot of people think when they hear RMI, they are not often significantly related to repetition, but more due to the postures that people work in and how long they work in those postures," says Chris Mclntyre, founder oF Kitchener. Ont. based Ergonomics at Work Inc. (www.etgog(wolkcom), a service and consulting firm that assesses industrial and office environments. A typical assessment looks first at the equipment. A common problem is that the basic tools — computer keyboard, m ouse, monitor, and chair — are not set up properly, resulting in back, shoulder, and wrist strain, and more. O You have to look at the tasks people do every day and how they use all their

Worker hos to reach tonusfd ood up to use mouse. Solution: Pu(mouseon koybosrd troy or get keyboard wkh tou(h pod.

A common mistake is placing frequently used items just beyond arm' s length so that the user has to stretch or twist to reach them when seated. An example of this is placing a phone on a Continued on page59

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Outlookappointments Rememberthe hig days • You can add birthday and anniversary dates in the Details table of the entry for any individual in your Outlook Contact list.

Sal reminders • Once a birthday or anniversary is added to your calendar, add a reminder for it by right-clicking it (it will be at the top of that day's entries), choose Open, and enable the Reminder box,setting a reminder time of up'to two days —time enough to order flowers!

Alteringreminder dalangs • To change the default reminder setup for new appointments, choose Tools, Options, then the Preferences tab. Enable or disablethe Reminder «heckbox according to your preference and, if checked, set a default reminder time. Choose the Other tab, Advanced Options, then Reminder Optionsto set options such as whether the reminder should be onscreen, audible, orboth,and to select a sound file.

creating the appointment. In the Appointment dialogue, enable the Remindercheckbox,setthe reminder time (amountof advance notice).An onscmen

receive email meeting details you can createan appointment bydragging and dropping the message onto the Outlook Calendarshortcut.The New Appointment dialogue will open with the message insertedand you can add detailsandsave. Whenyou open the appointment,the corresponding email will be just a click away.

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by addin g it as an Appointment. Open your Calendar and choose View, Current View, and the Oay/Week/Month (or Day/Week/Month With AutoPr eview) option. Drag the task from the task list and drop it onto your Calendar.The New Appointment dialogue will open and you can add more information, adjust the time, and click Save And Ciose to finish. —Helen Bradley ContactHelenat helen@helenbradleycom.

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breaks. Get up and walk about or even do some other kind of work to break the routine up.

Continuedfrom page Sd sidetable.Reaching for the phone a few times a day probably won't be a problems, but if the worker uses the phone more frequently, the constant reaching and twisting will take its toll. A simple remedy would be moving the phone closer or using a headset. The same goes For the mouse. Many

Building anergonomic workspace work habits is a good first step. However, assessing oifice equipment and replacing poorly designed items also needs to be part of a remediation plan. Computer retail 2nd office supply stores usually stock ergonomic keyboards and mice, as well as foot rests, back support cushions, and foam or gelBled wrist rests &om a range of manufacturers. There are also companies that specialize in ergonomic products, including Back in Action, Ergo Canada, and CareTek Corp (wwwcsfeiek.corn). These specialist retailers wifi ol'ten carry products that aren't typically available &om gener-

keyboard tray, so they have to reach lor it. Bringing it doser to the keyboard is a simple, effective solution. Another &equent mouse-related prOble, according to ergonomic specialists, is gripping it too tightly, which can strain wrist muscles. Eyestrain is also common for people who spend long hours in front of a monitor. Making sure the monitor is placed at a comfortable height and distance, and that there is adequate light can help. However, spending long periods in relatively static positions is a problem in itself. Peggy McCann, founder and owner of Victoria, B.C.'s Back in Action Ltd. (wwwefgocunsuibngccm), says sitting at a desk doing a repetitive task for long periods increases fatigue, which can cause poor postures and work habits, which in turn increases the stress. "Fatigue is a major issue because people are sitting improperly and working improperly, stretching to reach for things or working too long without moving," McCann adds. The simple prescription McCann and other ergonomists offer is take frequent

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Back In Action, for example. sells a product, the Sloped Mouse Bridge, that slipsover the numeric keypad on a keyboard so that the mouse is closer to the keyboard. Through its Web site, Ergo Canada oif ers a number of contoured keyboards, ergonomi«mice, monitor risers, and adjustable keyboard trays. It aho has an ergonomic professional locator and an RSI support group locator. Care-Tek Corp., which is based in Burlington, Onto sells adjustable chairs, footrests, and workstations. It also sells the Ergo-Time Exercise Break software, which can be used to schedule breaks or c ustomized exercise r o utines f o r employees who spend long days in front of the computer. Ci

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Accessdata retrieval ~t 's one thing to

enter data into a

:n.

database, but it' s often quite another thing to get it out again! Yet that's the purpose of having a database:extracting the useful information it contains. This Son thequeryrosaliabychoosingfrom lhe sort month we'U look at optionsin(busy Designview. range of ways to use Access's Query Design tool to extract data. We' ll cover the basics of creating queries and ways Fi el d name: EmpNumber you can customize output from a query. Field type: number For this article, we' re assuming you Field name: FilstName have some basic Access skills and that Field type: text you can create a table and enter data into Field name: LastName it. If not, check out the previous Fieldtype; text columns in this series (" First steps with Field name: Department Access" and "Relational databases") at ~sd .' t c F wwwcanadacomputes.corn. Field name: Salary To follow the steps in this article, you'U Field type; number need Access 97, 2000, or 2002. We' re using Access2002, but you' ll get similar Em Number FININameLaslName D ament Sala

results usingearlier versions (somemenu options and choiceswill be different). We' ll start with ag the steps involved in creating a simple query, so you can foUow the tutorial even if you' re new to Access, then we' ll move quickly into more complex examples.

165 150 153

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152

Srnah Accounts 30000 unix 35000 Smlhson Acco Mslhaws Sales 50 000 Mary Lieu Sales 55000 Wayne Lwllg S en ce e O N Kelly Adams Saiwce 37000 lane Susan lames

Simplyqueries Beforeyoubegin To follow the tutorial you will need some sample data. We'U use the data from the "First steps with Access" column: it's a simple table but has sufficient detail to create a range of queries.

Using a simple query, you can extract specific data like the names of everyone who works in the Accounts or earns more than $40,000. To list everyonewho works in Accounts, click the Queries option in the Objects list

Take a minute to create a table caged

and choose Create Query in Design

Employee, with this structure and enter

View. In the Show Table dialogue, choose the Employee table, click Add,

this data into it:

departm ent

then Close. You can now create your query using the grid displayed in the Select Query dialogue. Begin by adding each field you want to display in the query results in the grid: to do this, drag each field from the list in the top half of the dialogue and drop them into a column in the grid. You can also double-click a field name and it will move there automatically. (It is possible to add ag the fields by dragging the asterisk (') entry but you should avoid doing this as you can't later specify individual criteria for the fields). To list everyone who works in Accounts, type Accounts in the Criteria line under the Department fieldname and pressthe Run button (it has an exclamation mark on it) to start the query. You can sort query results by clicking on the heading for the field you want to sort, then clicking either the Sort Ascending or Sort Descending button on the toolbar. Return to the query design view by clicking the Design button in tbe toolbar.

Makingyourquery moregenernl This query, while useful, would have to be altered if you wanted to, for example, extract the names of people who worked in the Salesdepartment. Ultimate! y it will be more useful to create a query that promptsyou for the department name. then shows the employees in that department. This is called a Parameter Query. In this case, remove the word Accounts under the Department fieldname and, in its place, in the Criteria area type (TypeDepartment name] (including the square brackets). Run the query Continued on page 02

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Canlimredfrom page 6/ again. You'6 notice that, this time, you' re prompted to enter the name of the department and the query results wiU list the names of people in that department. You can make this query more useful by adding an option that allows you to list everyone in every department To do this,add the word Like before the current Criteria: Like (TypeDepsrbheat Nsme). Now, when you run the query. press the asterisk key (") and you' ll see ag the entries in the table. You can, of course, also type a department name and see ag the people in that department. Adding the word Like gives your parameter queries a little more flexibiTity. Before we Unish with this query, it may help to give the user some instructions for using the asterisk option, so they don't have to remember what to do. Change the Criteria to read: Like (Type Oepsftment Name or press ' for All). You can

Object list and double-clicking the query name.

as you did earlier. Now add the names for ag the fields you want displayed (at the very least you' ll need the Salary and Department fields and probably the FirstName and LastName 6elds, too). Type A((oua(s in the 6rst criteria row below the Department Beld, and h(0000 under the Salary field one row lower (thirs is called the OR row). Click Run to see the results. Using the sample data, you should have 6ve matching entries.

Mulgple auerh

Wsh apsfsmstw qaey 708canlpeffrgw ds(3708 want when lhe qsey is raa.

test this by running the query.

Savhg andreusing a query Savinga query means you don'thave to create it again when you want to Und the same information in the future. To do this, click the Save toolbar button and type a name for the query that indicates of what it returns — for example, "List people in a Department" — and click OK.

More complex queries involve finding data that matches more than one criteria, for example, obtain a list of everyone who works in Accounts or earns more than $40,000. These queries involve using AND and OR operators to specify whether one or both criteria must be met. If you' re interested in everyone who either works in Accounts or who earns more than $40,000, use an OR query. For this, the criteria must be written on different lines in the grid. If you want to list everyone who works in Accounts and earns more than $40,000, use an AND query. For this, the criteria must be written on the same line in the g(fd. In the AND query, only records meeting both criteria will be disp)aye(L

Creagngan AIID search To create an AND query &om the sample data, move the >400I) from the OR row to the Criteria row. Run the query again, There should be no records, as nobody in the sample data fulfills both criteria. A special instance of an AND search is the situation where you have two criteria relating to the same Ueldname: listing everyone who earns between $35,000 and

Close the query by clicking the Close button in the window. You can now run it anytime by choosing Queries &om the

$50.000.for example.This is phrased as

Creabngan ORquery

everyone who earns more than $35,000 Continued on page 64

To create an OR query, start a new query

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of the five highest paid employees without having to know what th'ese salaries are, for example. and also earns less than $50.000. To do this, begin with a new query and Do this by altering the previous query. add to the grid ag the 6elds that you want Remove aU the entries from the Criteria to display in the query results. Locate the line, then in the Criteria cell for the Top Values button on the toolbar (its look Salaryfieldname, enter:>35000ondc50000. will vary from time to time, but right now Run the query and you'U find tl ere are it will be displaying the word AU). CUck two matching entries. Becau"e you' ve the drop-down list and choose the numspecif ied between $35,000 anc $50,000, ber 5 to display the top 6ve entries in the you haven't included everyo.ie who database. Now return to the grid and earns those exact amounts. To extend the locate the Sort line. In the Salary 6eld search to include anyone who earns dick the Sort line, then select Descending $35.000 or more and $50,000 o. less. &om the drop down list that appeais. alter the criteria to r ad: This orders the data (rom largest to >=35000sndc=50000. Run this query and smallest salary so the top 6ve names will you' ll see four matching results. be those with the highest salaries. Click You can combine this new knowledge Run to start the query. with a parameter query to create a From this dialogue you can also parameter query for multiple criteria For choose a percentage of values rather example, to extract the names of those than a raw number. The percentage with salaries between certain figures (and options offered would display the top including these figures), enter this into ive percent or 25 percent.But,don'tbe f the Salary 6eld before testing it Between lulled into thinking you' re limited to the (Typesmaler salary)sad[Typelargersalary]. values in the list. You can request the top Tep entries two entries, by typing 2 in the box. If you Sometimes, you'U want to extract data want the top 50 percent. type 50i)h. on the basis of its position in an ordered Before you leave the Top Value list, list of data —you want to know salaries Continued on page 74 Continuedfrom pogi 02

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Platform News M Bein t os JT • Linn x • Wi ndows • P a im • Emerging Tre n d s

IMacs do well in value face-off Palm OS 5 beta debuts

t press time for the last

'ssue, Apple

Security, multimedia support, speed tweaked in new release, developerssay

updated its line of G4 towers rather unexpectedly and with little Fanfare. This issue, we' ve had some more time to look at the line a n d a ssess what's new and where the value is.

SAN JOSE, Calif.—Palm (www.palm.corn)

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The new models are asfollows: $2,549 buysan 800MHz G4 processor,with 256 MB RAM, 40 GB hard drive, CD-RW drive. and a 32 MB Radeon 7500 video card; $3,699 buys a 933 MHz G4 pmcessor, with 256 MB RAM. 2 MB of Level-3 cache, 60 GB hard drive. a SuperDrive (DVD-R and CD-RW), and a 64 MB nvidiaGeForce 4MX video card;$4,799 buys the top-of-the-line model, whi«h has a pair of I GHz G4 processors. with 512 MB RAM, 2 MB L3 cache for each processor, an 80 GB hard drive, a SuperDrive, and a 6 4 M B n V idia GeForce 4MX card. All of the new G4 PowerMacs have two US B ports, two

FireWire ports, gigabit Ethernet, and an internal56Kpbs modem. A of couple things stand out here that

bear mentioning: the prices of the new models relative to the previous lineup and the video cards. Price wise, Apple has broken a price structure that had been in place since the blue and white G3s were released in January 1999. The established price structure was always US$1,599 base, US$2,499 middle, and

US$3,499 at the high end. This new price structure starts again at $1,599, but knocks US$200 off the middle and US$500 off the high end. A few months ago Apple made a similar change to the pricing ol' its PowerBook line. It's good to see Apple adapting in these tough Conti nued onpage 67

Real intros mobile streaming platform CANNES, France—Internet streamingmedia company RealNetworks(wwwrealnetwoItcs.corn) has unveiled a number of software applications for squeering audio and video into wireless connections and playing it back on handheld computers and some of the latest digital phones. The Seattle, Wash., company chose GSMWorld in Cannes, France, in late February, to oflicially launch what it is calling RealSystem Mobile, the wireless version of the RealSystem IQ platform it currently sells to multimedia Web publishers and Internet service providers.

RealNetworksalso unveiled a version of its Real0nePlayer for mobile devices like personal digital assistants and phones. RealSystem Mobile includesserver software for delivering compressedaudio and videoover advanced 2.5G and 3G cellular phone networks, which still olrer relatively skimpy bandwidth compared to landline-based broadband connections.

66 APRIL 2002 THE coMPUTER RIPER GREA TERToRoNTo Eomon wwwcaaadacampIaea.corn

The company is also targeting mobile carriers with its RealSystem Mobile Gateway, which goes between wireless networks and the rest of the Internet,

cachingcontent to reduce the burden of what publishers and carriers hope will be high demand for music and video from «onsumers on the road. RealNetworks also unveiled a version of its RealOne Player for mobile devi«es like personal digital assistants. (PDAs)

and phones. The company said its server andplayConrinuerl onpage 73

unveiled its new operating system in early February, touting it as the basis for faster handheld devices that it hopes will light a Ere under the mobile computing market. PalmSource (w wwpslmsource.com) Palm's operating system subsidiary, previewedthe OS 5beta atacompany conference following the announcement. Final delivery of the software to licensees is set for this summer, the company said. "Palm OS 5 will be the foundation to build a new class of devices that will help make mobile computing ubiquitous," Palm said in a news release. The new operating system will step up performance, tighten security, and add multimedia support, such as the capability to record and play back digital audio for better sound quality on mobile devices. The system, which supports ARMcompliant processors, is also compatible with existing Palm OS software programs, the company said. "Our compaubility strategy enables developers to target upcoming Palm OS 5 devices as well as the over 20 million existing P a l m-powered de vi«es," PalmSource products c hief S teve Sakoman said in a statement. Palm licenses its operating system to other handheld manufacturers, including Handspring, Samsung, Sony, and Acer. Last year Palm split into two units,

one to design handhdd products and the other to develop the operating system and license it to other «ompanies. —News bytes

< PLATFORM N EWS w

IDDatsdo well in value face-olf

card, Apple Pro Speakers, 15-inch LCD, and SuperDrive. On the tower side it's $3,699 for a 933 MHz G4, 256 MB RAM, 2 MB Level-3 cache,60 GB hard drive, 64 MB video card, and a SuperDrive. No speakers or display are included, yet the tower is $800 more. In this case, the tower has an edge with the performance boost it will get with the level-3 cache.and the video card is twice as powerful. The iMac is still the better value though if all you are concerned with is DVD burning, as it will do

Conrinuedfrom page66 times, when very few computer makers are actually making money. The other interesting aspect of the new G4 is in video performance: all three models olfer dual-monitor support out of the box. Apple hasn't placed much emphasis on dual monitor support in the past, but we think it's a good feature to build in, and one that many people will appreciate once they' ve tried it. The other interesting graphics change is that ATI video cardsare available again, which shows

left over to buy a digital video camera. Why are we making this comparison? It's true the G4 is more expandable, and many business users will still buy G4s for their m o r e f l exible c onfiguration options. but we can't help but think that since Apple started putting G4s in iMacs, it's put more pressure on the tower line. What Apple needs is an entirely new tower, ditching the three-year-old design and starting fresh, as it did with the iMac. Giving the towers a radical new case design, faster bus, DDR RAM, and making dual processors standard will again make the professional and consumer lines more distinct.

nVidia the only graphics card choice available to Mac users. The question remains though, now that the iMac line is powered by a G4 processor, has a 15-inch LCD. and a SuperDrive, how do the PowerMacs measure up? Let's compare the base models of each line, which are perfect for home use or entry-level graphics and digital video tasks. The base model iMac has a 700 MHz G4 processor, 128 MB RAM, 40 GB hard drive, 32 MB video card, and 15inch LCD, all for $2.049. A base model PowerMac gives you an 800 MHz G4, 256 MB RAM,40 GB hard drive, 32 MB video card, and no monitor for $2,549. Both include internal CD burners and neitherhas a Level-3 cache (which can improve performance by 10to 15 percent, depending on the task). In this match up the iMac is a clear winnerespecially if you add a same 15-inch Apple LCD to the tower, which adds an extra $900.

OeForce 4 Titanium NVidia, one of the largest video card m anufacturers ,recently unveiled a new top-of-the-line graphics processor that representsthe pinnacle of 3D graphics performance (at least for the next six months). The GeForce 4 Titanium is based on an entirely new chip architecture and is not related to the GeForce 4

What is the best value if you want to

MX in the new PowerMac towers.

get into DVD burning? On the iMac side it's $2,899 for an 800 MHz G4, 256 MB RAM, 60 GB hard drive, 32 MB video

The GeForce 4 Titanium comes with 128 MB of high speed DDR RAM onboard, and it is the first AGP video

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All this power comes at a price though, and what a high price it is. The quickest way to get your hands on a GeForce 4 Titanium is to buy a new PowerMac fmm the Apple Online Store. If you buy the 800 MHz model, upgrading to a GeForce 4 Titanium will cost you $560. If you buy the 933 MHz or dual-1 Ghz models, the build to order option is only $400. Apple has plans to make the card available to owners of existing G4 towers for a higher price (it hasn't been announced, Continued onpage69

the job splendidly and you have money

Apple is pulling away from making

V IA

card ever to support dual Apple digital displays (an optional adapter is required for the second display). The specs on the card include a 300 MHz core processor and 128 MB of 650 MHz DDR RAM, capable of 10 GBps-plus throughput and displaying 87 million polygons per second (or 4.9 billion textured pixels per second). This card, at least on paper, is more than three times faster than the GeForce 4MX card that ships in the current G4 tower and the GeForce 2MX that ships in the current iMac line.

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IIIacsEfowell in value face-off Continuedfrom page 57

u rn) ~ ' ~

Thisupdate fi xes a bug in the software's built-in copy protection. When running any program in the Microsoft Office v.X (5/wwmic/Gsoftconymac) suite, the program automatically sends out data to the network looking for other copies using the same number. These data packets include your product ID. If another program is found with the same ID, the first program will quit and work will not be saved. This copy protection practice is not unusual — Adobe and Quark have been doing it for years. However, in the past most Mac software has searched over AppleTalk, which is a local protocol, and the Ofhce searches over TCPIIP, which means it ran go out to the Internet or an entire office WAN. The problem in Ofiice, according to Microsoft, is that people could intercept these packets and send back a response that would cause the host machine to crash. Since it works Collnnned onpage 70

Tired of spending $4,000 on a tricked out G4 tower only to find that the only included software is the OS?Well, for the' first time Apple is doing something about this, and it seems it's including something for everybody. The software bundle that now comes with every new G4 tower includes Art Direaors Toolkit, Pixel Nhance, Snapz Pro, OmniGraNe, OmniOutliner, PCalc 2, FileMaker Pro 5.5 trial, Acrobat Reader, FaxSTF X, iPhoto, iTunes 2.0, IDYD 2.0, and iMovie 2.0. Apple's iApps have been previously induded, but it's nice to see Apple bundling some quality third-party products in the box. Fax STF is a definite plus forbusinessuserswho need to send faxes from their computer. The other software is nice to have but not everyone will need Art Directors Toolkit or OmniGraNe. Still, it's better

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IMacsdo well in value face. oN Continuedfrom page69 on TCP/IP, these killer packets could be broadcast to an entire network, potentially affecting dozens of users. The update fixes the way this protection works, although Microsoft is not specific as to how. If you use Office v.X, it's a good idea to install the update. You won' t notice any differences in the apps themselves.

you can get 10.1.3 from the software update panel in OS X, or from Apple's Web site.

•

MacOS 10.1.3npdme mosfi y bngfi xes Although it's not big news, Apple has updated OS X again. The new version, to 10.1.3, adds support for more CD burners and digital cameras, fixes some graphics bugs, and improves stability to some of the underlying core system. We didn't notice much of a difFerence after installing it, but we didn't notice any new problems either, so it seems safe to proceed. The big update For OS X userswill be I0.2, due sometime between May and July. This update will add features from OS 9 that users have requested, including spring-loaded folders (something we are very excited about). In the meantime,

Shockwave Player for MacOSX Mac OS X users can finally enjoy both Flash and Shockwave (wwwshockwavecom) c ontent o n th e W e b n o w t h at Macromedia has released an OSX-native Shockwave plug-in. Since Microsoft has already released a Windows Media Player plug-in and QuickTime is built into the system, the only major Web media that doesn't support OS X is,RealPlayer. A version of RealPlayer for X is, unfortunately, not expected until summer at the earliest.

New iMacanimafion •

www.apple.corn/hardwale/ads/Dewimac.html.

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Tinker Tool 1.1 Applechief Steve Jobs' other company, Pixar Animation Studios, has released two rather cute animated teasers for the new iMac. The clips are 13 and 30 seconds long, and are available in three file sizes (depending on t h e speed of y our Internet connection). They' re quite good, but we think it would be great if Pixar did a full 60-second piece, which Apple could use for its television advertising. Currently. these shorts are for the Web only. You can view them yourself at:

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Ever wanted to control the location of

the scroll arrows in OS X like you could in OS 9? Tinker Tool gives you the choice of setting them both at both ends, one at each end (OS 7 style), or both at only one end (the OS X default). This software also gives you more options for controlling dock behaviour, including left, right, and centre alignment. Other system settings that can be tweaked with Tinker Tool include font smoothing, desktop picture placement, and Terminal trans-

parency.

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categories of system settings, making it a Da

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useful OS X utility even better. Designed to work in 10.1 and higher, it integrates into the standard System Preferences window and offers many options Apple left out of the OS.

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must-have utility for anyone who really wants to make OS X their own. The best part, though, is that Tinker Toolis&ee and smallenough foreveryone to download. You can download it at Version Tracker (wwwvetsiontrackercom/ mscosr) or directly from Marcel Bresink Software-Systeme (www.btesink.de/oui/Tinker Toolk.html). Continued on page 72

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MPEG-2 playback, support for embedded Flash 5 content, support for the new

IMats de well in Seine facedilf Continuedpofn page70

Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) codec

Qaickyime6.0 delayed

At the QuickTime Live conference in Los Angeles, Feb. 12, Apple previewed the latest version of its cross-platform multimedia architecture. While many were expecting a minor update to 5.1. Apple surprised attendees by announcing

developed by Dolby, and improved streaming and skip protection. (Note: When released, QuickTime 6.0 will be available for both Mac OS 9 and X, as well as Windows ) Apple has described MPEG-4 as the ultimate streaming video format. It olfers very high quality with scalable bandwidth, so you can have DVD quality video for one project and small streaming video 6(es for another without sacrilicing picture quality. The problem delaymg the release hes in the l icensing, which at p resent demands that the creators of the M PEG4 codec receive a royalty for any content created with MPEG-4. Apple has agreed

QuickTime 6.0 (vywwapple.com/quidfdme).

topaya fee foreach copy ofQ uickTime

Shortly after announdng the product, however, Apple revealed that until further notice, QuickTime 6.0 will not be available to download due to "licensing issues." More on that later, let's look at what's new first. The key new features of QuickTime 6.0 are: full support for MPEG-4 playback and authoring, MPEG-I a nd

it ships, but feels that if content creators must pay each time they produce something in MPEG-4, then it will not be adopted by the industry and everyone will lose. CI

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Real inlros mobile streaming pleRorm Continuedfram page 66 er as well as its content-creation tools will support the H.263v2 and MPEG-4 standards for compressed video. The H.263 family was designed by the International Te lecommunications Union (ITU) for streaming-video applications like videoconferencing, and the earliest incarnations had been supported by RealNetworks' software for some time. However, many content producers would prefer to use MPEG-4, designed by the Moving Pictures Expert Group, because it promises better support of digital rights management for both . audio and Hdeo. RealNetworks announced MPEG-4 support in its RealSystem iQ platform earlier this year. A week earlier, RealiNetworks said it

was working with Telecom Media Networks, an arm of the consulting firm Cap Gemini Ernst gcYoung, to help Cap Gemini become a one-stop provider of technology and advice to carriers and publishers planning to offer mobile multimedia content. —Newsbyrrs

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peripherals. The five-button Wireless Wheel Mouseand Wimless Keyboard interact with a receiver via two-channel radio frequency technology. They will operate up to 1.8 m (6 ft.) from the receiver, accordingto Microsoft. An unbroken line of sight to the receiver is not required. The devices require Windows 98, Me, or Windows XPand a PS/2 port. Like other Microsoft peripherals, these come with with IntelliType Pro keyboardand Intethpoint mouse software, which offer fast smooth scrolling (in the case of the mouse) and allow users to reassign mouse and keyboard buttonsto frequently used functions. The full desktop is available for $99.95. The wireless mouse can be purchased separately for 554.95.

—TCPStaff

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this before you run the query. Do this by choosing the sort order for a particular field in the Sort area of the grid. To sort on more than one field — for example to sort by last name and then by 6rst name —you' ll need to make sure the columns are in the correct order. The 6rst field you want to sort by should be to the left of the second 6eld. If necessary, click and drag a column heading to the correct position. When you' re sorting by last name then 6rst name. you' ll want to set both fields to sort in Ascending order. Set this up and click Run to test the results.

Continuedfrom pnge64 there is one very important thing to note.When you have 3 Top Value selected it will be saved with your query. However, this won't be obvious when you run the query, so take care! If you want to return to viewing all the matching entries, choose the All option. and save your query to confirm this change.

gorfing resnNs If you know you want the results displayed in a certain order, you can specify

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W hereyou have a name entered into the database in two 6elds —LastName and FirstName —you may prefer to display them more attractively, To do this, you can join (or concatenate) the contents of two text fields. For example, add a new column to your grid containing this entry: IFI/sargmei 0 " * 0

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Run the query to see how it works. You can remove or hide the LastName and FirstName 6elds if they cause duplication of data in your query results. Remove the fields if they' re not required

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$189 $449 $199

400W SubWoorer Speakem SDOW Subwoorer Speakers I VOW speaker Agee Lansing ACS2IW Agee Lansing A VS 20DW Altee Lunsing AVS300W

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Making your ownDVDsaad VCDs

chain can read the type of compressed AVlsyou create. For example, AVI2MPG can't read AVls using the Indeo codec, while TMPGEnc and other programs can. Another option — which you may have to use in conjunction with a good codec — is to use your editing program to split the sequence into several smaller AVIs. Your conversion program should be able to combme these later to create one MPEG file. For instance, if you' re using an earlier version of VideoWave (which cannot export VCD-compliant MPEGs), you would have to split the AVI: drag your video clip onto the preview window, then click the Cutting Room icon. Find the spot in your footage where you want to split the file, then dick the Split but-

Conrinuedfrom page33 MPEGs, it might be worth checking out the latter two; both have passable default settings, but are tweakable enoughto satisfy even the most hardcore MPKG geeks.) Using a conversion program adds one extra mmplication: since you must work with AVI files saved on your hard disk, you' re constrained by the format's 2 GB file size limit (some programs can write

"illegal" AVIs, but not all programs can read them; besides, Windows has a 4 GB size limit). That may seem like plenty, but video takes up an enormous amount of mom. An uncompressed AVI at VCD resolution would fit just about five minutes before running into the 2 GB barrier. One solution is to use a codec to squeeze more frames into your AVI files. Any editing or capture program will give you avariety of codecs to choose &om, but there is almost always a tradeo!F on image quality. It's a good idea, therefore, to testdifferent codecs at different quality levels to see what setting provides acceptable quality loss for your f ootage. Furthermore, you nmd to make sure all the other software in yow production

ton.

After your video has been broken up into manageable chunks, you can use the Produce Video option on each clip individually to save them to your hard disk When the time comes to make your MPKG, you can mmbine these files in AVI2MPG by selecting your clips in order and deselecting the Batch checkbox; AVI2MPG will automatically stitch them together.

• • • • •

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Wonder, and doesn't double as a video card. The final hurdle is the software. While VCD and DVD-specific functions are gaining gmund in current editing and burning software, it's harder to find pmgrams that support the VCD variants and MiniDVD. Creating a VCD can be a long, exasperating process the first time you do it. However, the results can be worth the headaches.Once you get into the more advanced formats l ike SVCD and beyond, you' ll find that you can play with features, such as subtitles. multiple audio tracks, more interactive menus, and much, much more. As you start to delve into more complex authoring, the sofiware becomes more specialized and expensive; it might also feel as fiustrating as to walk all over again. But if, at the end of your long and winding journey, you find you can get your message across exactly the way you want (or at the very least replace ag those shelves of VHS tapes), it should be worth the trip.Cl

The VCD variants (SVCD, XVCD. and XSVCD) all use higher resolution, resulting in a crisper image than VCD. SVCD uses an anamorphic 480x480 image; XVCD and XSVCD are at 720x480 —the same as DVD. but with a lower bitrate. The two biggest tradeofFsare that you can fit less vidm onto one disc, and that fewer DVD players can play these formats. There's also the computational overhead of the larger frame sizes. Video clips take up more memory and more hard disk space, so it takes longer to process files. More important, your video capture hardware may not be up to the task of encoding your video. For example, the Ag-in-Wonder most likely will not be able to capture at higher resolutions without dropping fi n es unless you' re using a Pentium 4 system. For 480x480 and higher, I used the external Dazzle Hollywood DV-Bridge, which accepts composite, S-video, or DV input and pumps everything out as DV through a F ireWire connection at 720x480. By using the FireWire port, there are rarely any dropped frames. The downside is that the Hollywood DVBridge is more expensive than the All-in-

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Java to the Web o st p r ogrammers w ho u s e Java cite its interoperability or ease of use for developing sophisticated objectoriented (OO) and Web programs. Even Microsoft has thrown in the towel and acknowledged the power of lavanot by adopting it, but by creating a clone of Java with CI and using the Java system asthe template for its.Net framework. One of Java'skey strengths is its versatiTlty. Users can develop programs that can run on a mobile phone, PDA, Internet browser, PC, or large servers. Most of that code will not have to change at all (and the GUI or presentation code that does need to change becomes more standardized). This platform independence, or interoperability, is supported by several versatile delivery models. fava programmers can create

applets that run in Web browsers or applications that run on PCs or servers. And if need be, thoseserver applications canbecome hardy compiled executables. But perhaps the most important virtue of Java is its graded programming models. For example, developers can program for the Web in four increasingly sophisticated ways: Using Java appletsl Where the Java code is downloaded or resides on auser's PC or PDA and usually executes through a Web browser interface. Using Java servletsl Java code runs on a Server invoked transparently in HTML browser pages. This model provides for the possibility of extra server resources, such as multi-processor computing power, huge memory and fast busspeeds, enormous disk drives, plus fast accessto huge databases. These and other resourcescan then be made accessible to the PC or mobile PDA over the Web in a very efficient mode of operation.

Using JSP (Java server pages): This allows developers to embed lava-like commands right into HTML pages. The

Javaappleh Some critics would have you believe that Java applets are vestigial organs, seldom used and rapidly going out of favour for technical reasons. Not so — the only

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"technical" argument against Java applets is that Microsoft, which controls 85 percent of the browser market, is making it increasingly difficult to use Java in Internet Explorer (IE). But Sun has a very solid IE plugin that increases the speed of Java applets run in IE, and other browsers, such as Opera and Netscape. support Java directly. Java applets continue to prosper. Many of the major enterprise vendorssuch as Cognos, JD Edwards. Peoplesoft, and Siebel —use Java applets running in a browserto deliver key corporate systems. If you play cards or other games online atsiteslike Lycos and Yahoo, you are running Java applets. And, as it turns out, the lava applet coding structure is simple enough to attract developers—especially for applications delivered by Web browser to PC desktops, PDAs, and cellphones. Here is that basic structure: importjava.appletAPpiet; importjava.awt.*; // ol: importjavaxswing.*; <= to useSwing insteadofAW Tdasses

code is dynanucally translated into Java servlets back at the server. JSPsallow for more rapid development of Java servlet applications. Using /2EE (Java 2 En terprise Edition): The Enterprise Edition, and its Enterprise JavaBean technology, adds the ultimate sophistication to lava applications: role-based security, dynamic scheduling of multiple tasks,sophisticated independently running agents, and very reliable backup and recovery for such systems. In the next few tutorials, we' ll alternatebetween these four major uses of Java and the underlying utilities and routines needed to program efiectively in each domain. We' ve laid the ground work in previous tutorials on exceptions and threading (these can be found online at wwwcanadacomputes.corn).

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4 CAREERS & T R A I N I N G w public dassApp!etl extends Applet implements

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) Look what applets bring to the lava program structure! Four new routines (init, start, stop, and destroy, which are indicated in boldface) above our beloved main routine. These routines add important functionality when an applet is invoked, most often within an HTML page with an applet tag such as: *

Clpplet codm Appletf.c!ESSwidth=200

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heights350></ Here is what each applet routine adds to the mix: initO is called by the browser only once on i nitializing the applet. TypicaUy programmers create and initialize objects and data to be used throughout the applet. • startO is called afterinitO and may be called again if the applet stops itself. Typically, threads and parameters are managed in startO. stopO is called when an applet needs

to stop temporarily —waiting for 0 message, etc. The browser will automaticaUy wake up the applet with a call on start(). destroyO is used to terminate an applet permanently. Threads are typically killed and database connections terminated here. Thus applets add rich functionality; yet most of the time only one or two of' thefour routines areused.Seethesource code for the app le t at www.thePhutoFinishes.corn/javacodeand not« stop(), start(), and destroyO are aff present but empty routines. Like many applets, just main() and initO are used in this example.

When Io BB BBppltgs Applets work very well for self-contained applications that need to run in a browser on many different PCs and workstations (Mac, Linux, Windows, and OS/2. for example). Applets work better on intranets and LANs for two reasons: managing the Java plugin can be administered centrally without concerning the PC or workstation user; and downloads of the applet can also be managed cen-

tragy and will be faster on a LAN than if done over the Internet. Here is a list of trade-offs between using applets versus using HTML plus JavaScript or VBScript: lava applets have much more programming power and capabilities. lava applets tend to run faster after first load. HTML+lavaScript loads faster. • HTML+lavaScript has easier options for passing parameters and values to other Web pages. Both Ja v a app let s and HTML+JavaScript require roughly the same effort to manage and deploy, but there are trade-offs we will cover in a future tutorial.

tions done on the server, or use Java applets when these tasks are better done on the PC? With the enormous hard drives, fast CPVs, and vast amounts of memory now common on PCs, it is not obvious that the Web server should do everything.Java applets can be very effective in diverse settings. In our next tutorials, we' ll return to using AWT and Swing classes to develop graphical user interfaces in Java applets and applications. CI

Finally, we shall see when discussing Java servlets and JSP,that these Java routines can be interchanged with either Java applets or HTML+JavaScripts. In future tutorials we' ll examine the trade offs associated with java applets and JSP and Java servlets. However, a dilemma remains: should you use JSP or Java servlets when there are advantages to having affthe programming and most of the computa-

JuvuSe/ve/P/ogromming A good nvelview uf JavaSelv!ets, JSP,and JavaWebprogramming. (By DannyAyers,et ala WroxPress,2001.) Juvoin ANutsflell 3 Edition Good summary of app!els, threads, and beans.(By David Ran?Ban, O'Reilfy, 1999.) JuvuEnte/pn'sein 0 Nutdlell Oven/jew of entelpnse use of Java. (By David Ransganet al, O'Resly, 1999.)

JacquesSurveyel can bereached at jbsu/v@thePhotoFinishes.corn.

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< VI D E O E D I T I N G >

Mid-range video editing though. you enter the world of prosumers, where products like the Pinnacle DV500 Plus beckon.

87 Osvld Tsnskn f you have a multifunction graphics

t card, such as the ATIAo-in-Wonder,

Pinnsde OV500 Pins

you already have what you need to begin video editing. Video-editing software was likely included with such a card, so you can start having fun with last year's vacation video without spending another dime. Moving up a notch,

From:PinnadeSystemsInc. www.pinnadesys.corn Price:5950 We' ve seen this product for sale locally for around $950, and while that seems

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expensive, it includes a fidl version of Adobe Premiere 6.0, which sells for that much on its own. Moreover, if you have a cogection of analogue videos you want to edit, you' ll need analogue capture and analogue-to-digital processing, which the DV500 Plus provides. In addition to Premiere. Pinnacle includes a range of other useful software: a capture utility called DV Tools. a light version of Pinnacle's Impression DVD authoring package, a character/title generator (TitleDeko RT), and special

s•

plug-ins that work d irectly within Premiere. So, for the price of Premiere, you also get connections for DV and analogue camcorders, very capable analogue-to-digital processing, plus a supporting cast of other software titles. We installed the Pinnacle card into a budget system, powered by a I G H z AMD Duron processor and equipped with a DVD-ROM drive, 20 GB hard drive. ATI Radeon 7200 video card and Windows XP Home Edition. The only

specification that might be considered unusual on a typical budget system is RAM, which we boosted 512 MB. What this system would need for serious editing is a larger hard drive, but for testing. the existing capacity was adequate. The hardwareportion of the package includes a single PCI card that houses an analogue-to-digital procesmr, FireWire ports. an audio-out port, and a mnnector

fora breakout box called the BlueBox. This is a module that contains RCA-style audio in and out jacks, and in-out connectors for composite video and S-video. The BlueBox is attached to a long cable that mnnocts to the PCI carsL The design. makes it easy to

plug and unplug deviceswithout having to fish behind the PC —although, if you want

to connate DV camerausing the FireWire port, you still need to get behind the PC. lnstaning the DV board and software went smoothly. Xp protested that the Pinnacle drivers being installed were not signed, but we installed them anyway, and theyhave worked with no issues.We captured a few dips from ow DV cam-

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< VI D E O E D I T I N G a corder through the Pinnacle card's FireWire port, and also several samples of analogue video using both an 8 mm camcorder and a VHS player connected to the Bluegox. The analogue-to-digital p rocessing was excellent, with n o

droppedframes in any of the one and two-minute samples, even at the highest 720x480 capture settings â&#x20AC;&#x201D;although that higher setting can't improve the inherently lower quality of the sourcefootage. We have a couple of issues with the Continued on page 82

â&#x20AC;˘

The interfacefor Dyfools-s capture utility that comes with Pinnnde DV555Plus-indudes tabbed menusfor e variety of setanss.

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< VI D E O E D I T I N G >

Mid-rangevideo edigng

Video editing on your notebook

Connnuedfrom page 87 product. First, we were unhappy that the card's FireWire ports support only DV devices. You can connect a DV camera or deck to them, but not other devices such as FireWire hard drives. We learned this from Pinnacle's knowledge base after some frustrating attempts to connect two difFerent FireWire drives. A second minor issue is with the dialogue in the capture utility. To start capturing footage, you hit a red record button onscreen, and to end the capture, you hit the zsc key. But the onscreen message says shit zsc to abort," which is initally confusing. Overall. however, working with the DV500 Plus has been fun. The additional software is well i ntegrated with Premiere, and the TitleDeko character generator and HogywoodFX transition and etyects generators add sparkle to Premiere's toolkit. CI

Add a FireWire port and video-editing software and you can bea roving moviemaker ByBavid Tanaka

older notebooks can join the digital video ranks too, thanks to the Lava FireWire card, a PC Card that adds a 1394 interface to your notebook Add video-editing software (we found that both MGI VideoWave 5.0 and Adobe Premiere 6.0 worked with the card) and you' re set. One ofthe added benegts ofFireWire is that you can also supplement yow existing notebook computer's drive with a external FireWire hard drive. We tried out Lava's FireDrive enclosure. It is basically a shell w it h F ireWire-to-IDE adapter, to which you add your own 3.5inch hard drive.

f you want to do field work with a digital video camcorder, you might be attracted to the newest generation of Mac — and some PC — notebooks, with their built-in FireWire ports.

IEEE0304 KCard Iatetfaze Adapter

FireBrive (Nrewire shivaendeuure) Fmm: lavaComputing www.lsvsiint.com Price:5229.95(PCCsld), lessthan 5200(dlive

endosufe') But, for less than $250, owners of

FireWire transmits data at up to 400 Mbps. So far, there are not many computer peripherals based on FireWire

(primarily external hard drives), but digital camcorder manufacturers have widely embraced 1394, and it's now the de facto standard in that industry (some high-end digital still c ameras also indude a FireWire connector). Simply

put, if you are into digital video, you' ll want FireWire on your computer. Lava Computing's FireWire card is known simply as the IEEE 1394 PCCard Interface Adapter. The Type II PC

Card ships with two cables (six-pin typContinued on page 84

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ically found on hard drives, and four-pin used on camcorders) and works with PC systems running Windows 98SE, Me, 2000, and XP. If you own an older Apple portable without a built-in FireWire port, the card will also work with those running Mac OS 8.6 or greater. W e tested the card o n a n I B M ThinkPad with a 700 MHz Pentium Ill processor and Windows 2000 operating system. Not much to comment on — the card was recognized and became functional as soon as we inserted it into the PC Card slot. In other words, we didn't have to install a separate card driver or reboot. It just started working. We captured sample DV footage from a Canon GLI camcorder using the capture features in MGI VideoWave 5.0 and Adobe Premiere 6.0 with no problems. C apturing d igital v ideo w it h a FireWire-equipped computer is relatively straightforward, with no analogue-todigital challenges. Simply connect the camcorder to the computer with a

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< VI D E O E D I T I N G h

Analogue, digital, and in between f you' re producing work primarily for the Web, Video CD, orotherlow-bandwidth medium, it's tempting to stay

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with analogue devices. After all, it's less expensive—capture hardware can be had

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oiution requires less processor speed, memory, and disk space while you' re working.

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Part 4: Selecting buttons and joysticks By KeghSchenyli-Rsbetts o, by this point in the process of creating my own M AM E ( Multiple Arcade Machine Emulator) cabinet. I knew what I wanted, but now I had to get it, and then I had to make it work — which is where the real work started.

Buying cempsnenip: arcadebunans Buying the arcade buttons and joysticks was relatively easy, since the people who sold me the surplus arcade casing (Toronto Coin Machine Exchange, online at www.pirp ballast(ange.conf/), had ag of the necessary buttons, joysticks, and other controls I

needed. But I still wanted to do more research, to ensure I had the right type of buttons and joysticks, and to be certain I could connect them to the computer easily. It turns out that there are three important types of arcade buttons available: buttons that contain II@ts, and others that may have I Playeror 2 Playericons etched on them. What makes them functionally different is how they convert a player's tap into an

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electrical signal. The earliest arcade games like Space Invaders used a simple metal switch mechanism —when the button is hit, it doses a circuit at the bottom of the plunger, essentially bringing together the ends of a metal V that lays on its side. This arrangement led to buttons that had to be replaced frequently due to metal fatigue in this V spring. In s ubsequent b u ttons, designers r eplaced this strip o f m etal w it h a microswitch. When this type of button was pressed, the plunger hit a little plastic nub on the outside of the microswitch unit, which t h e n cl osed the cir cuit. Microswitches could take more of a beating than their predecessors, and when they did wear out, usually only the microswitch needed replacing, rather than the whole button unit. There are two versions of microswitchenabled arcade buttons available: one with the microswitch aligned vertically with the button, and the other horizontally (i.e. on its side). Each is rated for more than I0,000,000 hits, so you' re likely to get carpel-tunnel syndrome before wearing

.C8

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eginning with Internet Explorer 4.0, Microsoft added a number of programmable visual filter and transition effects to its browser. These effects can be added either programmat-

icagy (via javaScript) or by adding CSS elements to a given Web object. In practice, filters and transitions have been used re)ativeiy infrequently on the Web, as their display properties are exclusive to Internet Explorer, and the effect can be so dramatic that a page must be viewed using Internet Explorer to be readable — in other words, it is not browser-compatible code. Having said that, if you are confident that your audience is comprised largely of Internet Explorer users —say. users on a corporate intranet — or you are willing to customize your code on a browser-by-

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BMilding a MAINEarcade cabinet: Part 4

choose from: blue, green, yellow, red, black, and white are the most common.

Canfinaed fram page ffa

Again, I c h oose a variety o f b u t ton

these out. The nlain difference between them have to do with the convenience of wiring. Those with a horizontally aligned microswitch present a more campact arrangement, as they don't take up as much depth as the vertically aligned

colours, and opted to match them for both the one- and two-player controls.

Buying compoueah: Ioysgcks A bit of research uncovered the fact that there are many types of joysticks as well. Some games only require a joystick that goes up and down or side-to-side —these are called two-way joysticks. Many early games had a joystick that allowed you to go both up and down as well as to the sides —these are called four-way joysticks. The next step up are eight-way joysticks, which allow For movement on the diagonals as well. Unless you are going for a joystick that rotates, you should choose an eight-way joystick, which offers the most flexibility in terms of game play. There are some games, however, where an eight-way joystick can get in theway of good game play. Imagine playing an early game that only allowed for up, down and side-toside, and you try to jump (or flre, or

Uruts.

The horizontal alignment also makes it easier when it comes time to connect the microswitches up to wires, because the wiring arrangement is more compact. However, some game players swear that the vertically aligned microswitch buttons have a better "feel In the end, since I had the choice of buying some used buttons cheaply, I got a mix of both types, picking most based on the button colour — a decision that proved to be a pain later when it came to wlrulg.

probably the best thing you can do is try out each type of button, choose which one you like best, then get as many as you need of that type instead of mixing them as I did. There are plenty of button colours to

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whatever) up and then left, and you accidentally point your joystick to upper left instead of each in sequence. Chances are good that you' ve just lost your player. as the game doesn't know how to interpret the diagonal signal. As it turns out. arcade control manufacturers thought about this problem, and the chances are good thatwhen you buy an eight-way control, you can flip an actuator on the joystick to change it to a simpler fourway control. There is a variety of knobs available for joysticks. but they fall into two main types: some are fully rounded like a little ball, others are rounded at the top and then taper down the shafl of the joystick. Other varieties tend to be found on more specialized joysticks, such as those

including a firing button at their tip, or those that are corrugated for easy turning. Again, choosing the right joystick depends more on personal preference than anything else. 0 Next time: Wiring thingstogether. Note: While I hada relatively easytime gelting my buttonsandjaysticks, yau msy nat beasdose asI am ta anarcade paris outlet like TorontoCoin MachineExchange. If this isthe case,checkact HappControlsonline at: wwwhsppcantrals ram/. Thanksga ta ca-conspirators Peter Liskaand MichaelWillemsfor sharingtheir technical knowledge.Thanksalso to Dallasand all of the peopleat the TorontoCoin MachineExchange(www.pinbslexchange.cam/) whaprovided usnat only with parts butwbawere generouswith their timeand expertise.

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IE extensionsto CSS:Part 4 Continuedfrom pdge 86 browser basis, you can use these fdters and transitions to good effect. Visual filters and transitions differ from regular CSS properties in that they require the full program code prior to the name of the 61ter, so the code speci6ed for the Alpha Bltei follows this format:

filter:progid:DXjmageTfaosfofm.Micfosof Alpha Its values are then further modi6ed by enclosing a filter's parameters in round brackets, separated by commas, like this: (Opacity=100,FioishOpacitY=O,Style=1, StaftX=O, FinishX =O, Stafty&, FinishY=100)

rationalize and greatly expand the filtering and transition capabilities of the browser. This article concentrates on the static filters, which in this release are now: Alpha, Basiclmage, Blur, Chroma, Compositor, DropShadow, Emboss,

following example code shows this in action:

to the standard red square seen in the previous example:

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Mask6lter,Matrix, MotionB!ur, Shadow, and Wave (though not aU are covered in this article). These are all known as"static" filters, because they immediately change the look of an object — in other words, there's no transitional state, which sets them apart From the transitional filters that are also available in Internet Explorer 5.5 and up. The foBowing is a selection from the numerous static filters you can find in Internet Explorer 5.5 and up.

Changingopacity Internet Explorer 4.x introduced the following 14 visual filter values: Alpha, Blur, Chroma, Dropshadow, Fliph, Fgpv, Glow, Grayscale, Invert, Light, Mask, Shadow, Wave and Xray. Thesefdterswere areallsuperceded by the release of Internet Explorer 5.5, when Microsoft took the opportunity to

By default all objects on aWeb page, such as images and text, are opaque. With the AlphaFilter property you can change this opacity value, often to dramatic effect. The AlphaFilter parameters allow you to set X/Y grid values specifying the sections of an object that you'd like to have appear either more or less opaque. The

<diy style="width:150px;heightj50px;

padding:iopx;font:bold iapt arial;background:fed; filter. progid:DXlmageTfaosform.Microsoft.Blur ='5')">SomeSample Text</div> (PixelRadius

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Text</div> Thisexample createsa box with a red background that "fades" to white near the bottom of the box. Playing around with the StartX, FinishX, StartY and FinishY values will change the location at which the opacity values begin and end. The style value sets one of four different types of opacities: 0 is Uniform (or "none"), I produces a linear gradation in opacity, 2 a radial gradation, and 3 a rectangular gradation.

llaw blurry doyonwant gtal? There are two types of blur filters available: one that makes aWeb object appear luzzy, and another that makes a Web object appear as if it has moved rapidly. The following code creates a simple blur .

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This produces a very blurry looking red square. The PixelRadius value sets the amount of blur — the higher the value, the blurrier the image. Two other values are available: MakeShadow (which can take a true or a false value), and ShadowOpacity (which can take a numeric value from 0.0 to 1.0). The latter value only becomes active when Makeghadow is set to "true" and sets the

opacity value for theshadow. T he f ollowing code u ses t h e MotionBlur filter effect: cb>Motjonglufeb> <divstylw xwjdth:150px;height:150px; padding:10px;fookbold 18ptafial; background:fed; gjteri

progjd:DXjmag eTfansfoim.MjcfosoitMotiongluf(Str englh=20,

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lay the object, or false, which effective)y sets the motion blur across the whole object.

grayscale, and then either make it appear asif it hasbeen punched out of the page (emboss) or chiseled into the page (engrave). The following code shows both in action:

cb>Eb m oss<b> cdiv Style="width: ISDPx;heighklSOPX;

padding:IOpx; font:bold 18ptaria(; background:red; Niter: progid:DXtmageTranslorm.MiaosoftEmbotSO>So

meSample Textgdiv> $80$pghsdowQsdShadow fiNQ?0 Two types of shadow filters are also available: Dropghadow and Shadow. The first produces ashadow that seems to fall onto an invisible plane set behind a Web object, whereas the laner produces a shadow that gradually tails from the corners of the selected Web object. Here i s some code that, . uses Dropghadow: <b>D/OP Shadowcb> <div Style="width:ISOpx;height ISOpx; padding:IDpx;foothold 18pt aria(; background:red; Oke: progid:DX(mageT rantlorm.Microsoft.DropShadow (OftX =IO, OffY=ID,Color='b(ack', Positive='true')">SomeSample Text</div> What you get in this case isour sample red square, but with a black drop shadow oft'set )0 pixels down and to the right of it. Off)L and OffY take pixel values, Color takes any valid colour value and Positive either turns the effect on ("true"). or off

(" false"). The following code applies the Shadow filter instead: <b>Shadouu cb> <div utyte="nddtte ISOpu; height: I SOPI;

padding:lopx; font:boldIDptariai; background:red;

cb>Engravecb> cdiv Style="width: ISG px; height ISOp x; padding:topx; fontbo(d IGptaria(; background:red; filter:

progid:D x(m ageTransform.MicroloftEngraveO">so me SampleTeste/div> Both emboss and engrave operate in much the same manner, and while not depicted here. both fgters can have a value that ranges from - l.O (low brightness) to ).0 (high brightness). While these filters can be used effectively on text, they produce more dramatic results when pictures are selected.

280EheWave! One Alter that produces a unique effect is Wave. It takes the selected Web object and adds a sine wave to it, producing a wobble. The following code shows how this can be accomplished: cb>VVa vecb> cdiv Style="width:ISOpx;heighklSOPX; padding:topx; fonkbold IOptaria(; background:red; filter: progid:DX(mageTransform.M(uo50&Wave(Add='fal se', LightStrength=?0, Phase=60, Strength=20, Fret(=l ) >SomeSampleText</rdiv>

filter:

Progid:DXlmageTransform.Microsoft.Shadow(color ='green', Diredion=225,Strength=14)">SomeSampte Textc/rdiv>

TS PunchSTChisel

Add setswhether or not the wave overlays the original image and takes either a true or false value. Lightgtrength sets the difference in the intensity of the peaks and troughs of the object, and phasesetsthe phase offsetvalue for the sine wave (default: 0, ranges from 0360 degrees). Strength sets the pixel value for the wave effect.and freq sets the frequency of the sine wave— in this example we see a single sine wave applied to our sample object.

There are two available 6)ters that render a simple 3D effect upon a selected Web object: emboss and engrave. Both frrst render the selected Web object into

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The Color property sets the colour value, direction sets the angle value for the shadow. and strength sets the distance in pixels that the shadow effect is spread over.

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Worldwide Internet growth slowing CEDAR KNOLLS, N.J.— The Internet still is welcoming millions of new netizens each year, but according to a new study, the growth rate is slowing downespecially in developed countries. Alan Mosher, a senior analyst with Probe Research (uww.ptabereseatch.cam), the company that conducted the study, said the base number of Internet users has become so large that the days of triple-digit growth are not possible any more. "You see this especially in the United States," said Mosher. "It is becoming incremental growth, rather than the wide-open growth wesaw in the past." Analysts are waiting for the Internet's "next stage," he said, as the world's Web users make up their nnnd about how

aggressively they convert to broadband.

dialup to $45 to $50 for broadband. without a huge change in perceived

Analysts arewaiting for the Inter net's"nextstage,"he said, as the world'sWebusers makeuptheirmind about how aggressivelythey convert to broadband.

value," headded.

IE mttenslonsIo CSS:Part 4 Continuedfram page 89

monochrome value. Xray can produce interesting effects, especially on images. setting them to grayscale but emphasiz-

of values that control the rotation, opacity, and colour processing done to the selected object, enabling you to easily set all of these elements at once. The following code truly warps the original red square example:

ing edges.

<h>gssidmagecb> mdivstyle="width:150px;heighk150px; padding:10px;fast:bald 18pt ariel; background:red; filter. pragid:DXlmafierrardaan.Microsaltgssidauge(gr ayscsle=a, xray=l, mirror=1, iaveit=1, opaci-

ty=025,rata(ion=l)">SameSample Textv'/div> Most of Basiclmage's properties take either a 0 or 1 value, which equates to oir and on. Grayscale can set the object to a

"Peoplehavea group of thingsthey do on narrowband. for example instant massaging, which broadband won't make a diirerence. You could add colour video, but that would change the product. "It is quite a jump from $20 to $25 for

Mirror produces a minor image of the object, and Invert switches it around internally. The other values are Rotation, which can take an integer value fmm 0 to 4 (0 is no rotation, I being 90 degrees, 2 is 180 degrees, 3 is 270 degrees, and 4 being 360 degrees); and Opacity, which can take a range of values between 0.0 to 1.0 (transparent to opaque). Ci Next eme:More Microsoft filters andtransitions. Keiih Schengili-Rabeaswelcomesanycomments, suggestionsor HTMLtips. Yau can'email Keith at: rabeitsk@tafien.cam,Hisbook onCSSpublished by PrenticeHall, CareCSS(ISBN: 0.le)83456-4), is available in (xxikstares.

C-onvtdvrlnn buying wn IBM , stp, Dell, c exnpau, etc.z x>td xou know brwnd name computers are woefully i n f er ior sw pC Cilonev? xn service,-uuanty, a nn pricet considering buying rrom ivtDG or xpc ?

The Probe Research study said DSL made a strong move in 2001, much more so than cable modems. Mosher said there were fewer than 20,000 DSL connections in Japan at the end of 2000. but by the end of 2001, there were 1.5 million. "You see shnilar growth in Germany and France," hesaid. "At the end of 2000. there were less than 500,000 DSL subscribers in Germany, and at the end of 2001, there were 1.4 million. Ip the same time period, France went I'rom less than 100,000 to over 500,000." Why has DSL been so successful? Mosher said in Japan it is"dirt cheap," and there is alot of competition."In Germany, there is virtually no cable modem competition for broadband," he said. The study noted that some regions are stia poised for stmng growth in the next three years, especially markets in Asia.

South America's wired Internet connectivity —which includes subscribers plus users of free Internet services—was 6.8 million in January of 2001. By the end of this year, Probe Research projects 9.9 million connections. and 17.96 mil-

lion by theend of 2005. Europe ended 2001 with 41.6 million, and will end 2002 with 46.5 million, the study said. By the end of 2005, the region will have 58.8 million Web connections. Asia is projected to have the biggest gmwth of alL Mosher said the region indudes India and China, which are two populous but "under-computered" countries. He expects a combination of computer sales and set-top boxes to boost connectivity signigcantiy. At the end of 2000, Asia had 39.3 million wired Internet connections, he said. That figure hit 52.2 million at the end of 2001, and is projected to rise to 65.1 million at the end of 2002 and 145 million by the end of 2005. —¹wsbytes

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exhibit of ancient inventions, some still in use today. Some items look more like devices Wiley Coyote might have eiapl ayed ta catch the Road Runner. They include the keei breaker, invented in15th century Italy as akind of mousetrapforpirate ships,and the articulated maveabie siege ladder, which allowed attacking soldiers tii cross moats or other biackades around castle walls. awnsmkh.edu/hsr/museum/anaent inventions/hsdmhim

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Technical writing and beyond By SherleneMyers

He sat down with TCP recently to discuss this evolution and what his j ob

nfortunately,

for many people, this scenario is familiar: in an effort to

Easy steps for PHP beginners By KeBhgchengIB-Bebetls

involves. Fogowing is an edited version of that conversation.

help employees do their jobs better, a company purchases a software package and installs it syst em wide. But many of t h e employees the software is supposed to help can't Bgure out how it works, don't understand I' the manual, and don't get the training they need. Productivity goes down instead of up. and with it, employee morale. Chris Rose's job is to make sure this doesn't happen with the software his comp'any develops. Chancery Software makes student information systems for schools and school districts, and s . r • says it is used by more than one million educators every day. Chris is responsible for t h e department that designs the user interface, writes the manuals and has moved I'rom writing instructions to instructions, and trains users in getting trying to make those instructions lem the most out of the software. necessary by making the software easier It's a position that has evolved, as he to use.

HP is a cross-platform, open-source scri pting language designed forthe Web. It's popular, it's relatively easy

to learn, and it's free —three factors that

TCPr frowdid you ger here?

would seem to guarantee its popularity.

Whar sort of experiences and ed ucation led yau ro this posi-

While there is good online documentation available, what's really been lacking are

tion?

goodintroductory texts on the language.

CIL I did my master's in English in '90 and '9l at the University of Waterloo. I didn't know what I wanted to do when I grew up, so I was in the English pmgram and this tech writing was still kind of in its nascent stages back then. I'd heard about it and thought "Wow, there' s going to be work in them thar 6elds." My other dream was to get more involved with market-

ing —writing copy and doing that sort of stuff. But this tech writing thing seemed more alluring to me. I was somewhat Continued on page 93

This book goes a long way toward filling

thatgap. Ifyou want to learn this language,PHP47 A Beginner'sGuide is a good way to start.

pllprk A Beginner's Guide Author: Bill MEC sny

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Technicalwrigngendbeyond

ing interface design, and looking at that as a communicative media. I got more versed in that, and the good thing about

Continuedfrom page92 interested in t echnology, because I played in a band at that time, and we were dealing with drum machines and sequencers and ag this stuff moving towards a computer. No one wanted to teach the tech-writing courses. So, I put my hand up and said "Sure, bring 'em on, I' ll do it." And they were so happy that I got aU the techwriting courses thrown my way. So I had to learn it to teach it, and that was sort of my foray into it. When I was done, I left Waterloo to come to Vancouver... It was reaUy tough back then —there was not the plethora of tech-writing jobs at that point. They would come up, and because I didn't have any experience I wasn't getting them. But then, [in[ '93, the door opened a little bit and by '94 the door just blew right off the hinges and that's when the tech-writing jobs came out. So that' s where I started. I see everything in life as communication. And to me the interface is another form of communication. That wac the next step from words, so I started study-

Ijokethatatechwriter shoul dgetpaid bytheword not written —this isn' t

Dickens' days.Themoreyou can liposuction outofadoc, the better. working bere was, they were saying "Hey, dude wants to do it? Go do it, it's yours, run, be free." I got to work with the programmers, starting with the error messages, then getting into the navigation and the overag architecture of the product based on task analysis and audience analysis. From there, they realized that having humanmachine interaction experts was a good thing. so we built a department there. We started with tech writers. then we got Ul [user interface] designers —or usability specialists —thrown in, and then I had training thrown on t o m e as well, because that's the next step.

This is a really unique place to be. I'm in charge of the tech writers, the UI people. the training folks, both the instructional designers and trainers, and what we call the customer relationship team. Here,anything the customer touches after they buy the pmduct is managed by one group. TCP: What's a typical day for yau like?

CIL (laughs.) Schizophrenic. We' re only a couple hundred people. so there's

But given that schools are getting more specific in what they want, and given that the organization has grown, there's au these hubs of knowledge required to answer an RFP. This one we' re working on now: there's a whole attachment dedicated to implementation and training. It takes a lot of brainpower to go through that, and typically there would be someone in sales that could do a whole thing for a smaller enterprise. But

not those rigid barriers. Given that I' ve been here so long, I know a lot about the customer, I know a lot about the product, I have a lot of knowledge that helps with other decisions that are made throughout the company. Right now I'm working on an RFP [reply for proposal]. I' ve never done that before. A school or district or state puts out "We' re looking for a student management system — here's a whole bunch of questions." They send it to a bunch of vendors. AU the vendors type up voluminous documents answering all these questions. and then they go and see who gets invited to the next dance. They shortlist a bunch of vendors, and then

you go do your dog-and-pony....

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TCP: Haw much time do you spend collaborating with your team and how much timeworking on your awn? CR: Probably 90/10. A lot of my day is talking, and it's only 10 percent in doing emails, which is a form of talking, and then actual writing. I went to school to Continued on page94

%lmith, Youhsvc bcaa anmspiratioa • nd a valuedrolc modc1 in my career. Yom Merest andmahvaricmwcrc my driving fence belaud etc CCIE dcsignabon that I hald today, You are truly aa mdispcnsabtc instcuccar, a Saat nacne anri a pcracazof outstanding kcucwtcdge. May evcsy CCIE neatycmproduce in your career be awitama of yean success sad emt of WcaNET.'

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Technical Nmgng nnd beyond Continued from page93 be a writer and I'm doing actually less of that now. That's one of the things with people management as well. I'd rather sit and talk it through than type it. There you have the greatnuances ofverbal language versus the misconstruedness of email. You can use tone. you can control. you can motivate better verbally, I find. And plus, the people you work with get to know you better. TCP/ Soyoa are now supervising rather than doing most of the actual writing? CIL Oh yeah, big time. I haven't had to write any technical documentation for

probably about, a good two years, and even then, I would do it just to do it, just to keep my feet wet. Same with interface design — I haven't designedany interface components for abouta yearand ahalfnow because this just got too big. They need someone to know the mechanics of it, and sort of envision where we want to go with it, keep an eye on what the competition's doing, what

C I

the trends in the industry are. I think that's one of the hardest parts of anyone in technology's job: knowing how much ofthe day-to-day stuff you just have to grind out and do, and trying to find time to schedule yourself or the people you work with to be exploratory.

hate that. B ureaucratic secretarial work — I'm not good at filing. Filing is not my forte

sharp?

TCPC What's your favourite part of your

many periodicals. I' ve got a couple of

TCPC What do you do to stay up fo speed on your indlfsfry and keep up your skills CIL Talk to people. I don't read that

job? CIL Dealing with people. You know, something interesting always comes up, whether it's people you work with, or customers, or even the vendors. They' ll teB you things they heard, you can joke with them. I think jokes are a good part of it. To me laughter has always been a main mechanic of learning. When I teach, I like the jokes. I think that really drives the point home and creates the levity to be pmductive. Having that human interaction really makes a better place to work, makes your work better, and actually makes you motivated to do your work TCP/ What's your leastfavourite part of yourjob — thegrant work? CIL Doing my expenses. Oh, man, I

ln N e t m. . . .

education ones. Web sites: I go to a couple. I find it's in my best interest to know, and it's in the customer's best interest to know, what's going on out there. So by us talking together and saying "Hey I saw that, you see that?" And they' ll sayoNo I didn't see that, but I saw this thing," and then you'reemaiTing URLs tu each other. I used to read books— remember those things?— but that was one of the things that fell off. I' ve been reading some books on customer service, which I think is really great, because that's given me some insight on how to motivate the team as welL TCPCIf you werehiring for your position, what qualities wouldyou look for? CPM For my po s ition? ( Laughs) Schizophrenia, humour, someone who' s gregarious. outgoing. Someone who can

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I know very few people who are going to read those 50 pages. Same with Web sites: if it's too verbose, if it's too clunky, you' re lost. So, think and be clear, and write less, not more. I joke that a tech writer should get paid by the word not written — this isn' t

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EasystepsforPIIP beginners Continuedfrom page 92

it takes a very easy approach to its subject, methodically making its way through

such PHP fundamenfals as operators and TCPTWhat do you like ta da in your spare timey Clh Music. I don't play music anymore, but to me music is like the Renaissance. If you look at — before MP3s —the CD or the album, you have words, you' ve got music, end you have ert. And, then, in some cases, you have fashion, so it's very pop cultural, if that' s e word. Pop culture, I think. is phenomenaL I don't n eed Shakespeare, Marilyn Menson is just as cool to me, 'cause within there you have social commentary, you have critique. Same with TV, but I don't s«em to watch that much. I like the world around music. I like to go out. I like to work, but I don't live to work, I work to live, but sometimes that gets blurred. Cuing out, hanging, talking — I love to talk. If anyone's quick-witted and you can just get that verbal jousting going, you know, it's like "Ooh you got me there, keep playing like that." I don't know, just fun-loving. 0

D A •

•

functions, using PHP in Rtrms, progmmmingusing ifstatements, and more. The

book goes on to cover moreadvanced topics as well, such as setting and retrieving

cooki e values, accessing and using database information, plus teaching efi'ective ways to debug your code.

I like the approach taken in these

"Beginner Guides" by Osborne: clearly defined modules (chapters) that cover a specific topic, "One Minute Drills" that

Thisbook comes across as a definitive textbook on learning PHP. Considering its

author — Big McCarty,an assoriate profess or at A zusa Pacific University i n California —that observation is not far off the mark. The subtitle says this book teaches "essential skills for first-time programmers," and that's a fair claim: the author really does not assume any previous programming experience. As a result,

providea mental check that you actually understood what you just read, and "Master y Checks" at the end of a module to ensure that everything has actually sunk in. Though notwritten expressly as a textbook,itwouldn'ttake much ofa stretch to see this being used as one. Still, the approachisaimed atpeople who find that tliey learn best by actively writing and

playing with code. Since PHPis sperifical-

thing from relativeiy simple pagecounters and basic form processing, to dealing with cooldes,to more advanced but necessary topics as working with SQL databases, using application templates, and more. There' s just enough here to get the beginning PHP coder up and running quickly. The only potential problem with the book is that it does not necessarily

makeforthe best reference on PHP4.For example,when I was trying to look up particular functions on a couple of o«casions, if I could find it easily, it did not necessarily have all of the background info on the function available at my fingertips. Perhapsone shouldn'texpectthat from a

book aimed squarely at beginners, which this is, but still I would have appreciated a more robust PHP reference than is pmvided. PHPsr A Beginners Guideis an ideal

primer for those people who are getting started with this Web scripting language.

Peoplewho have experi ence with other

ly designed for the Web, it is hard to come

languages may find this a bit too simple, but if you are a real programming novice

up with sample code for which some use

and you want to get a realfeel for learn-

cannotbe found in real-life.So the code examplesin the book letyou build every-

ing and playing with PHP, this is the book

for you. 0

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Analogue, dlgnal, acd in between

1394 (also known as FireWire or i.Link)

Continued from page83

port.Atthe very least,you getfug-fiame, full-motion video and CD-quality sound

That's why digital video (DV) is so

ontoyourcomputerwithout having to tax your hardware. At best, you can take advantageof such features as automatic

attractive. Reconled digitally onto compactDV or MiniDV tape, it's as if you've already captured everything — through the camera' s computer, not yours.So, rather thanmake your PC or Mac do ag the work

timecode-stamping, camera control from your computer, and in-camera editing. But whatif you want to capture your analoguefootage as a 720x480, 29.97 fps

of digitizing a stream of analogue video, ag you have to do is transfer from the camerato the computer through an IEEE

video dip without dropping frames—say, for transfemng to DVD? One solution is to

— comjiuter,~~~~'-:.="=-',~

train ing,

of thecheapest DV camera. It has five

jacks in front (input), and five in back (output): composite video, S-Video, stereo

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butyou do get high-quality capturesat a reasonable price. —Emru Townsend

NB —If you have seen the modie Beautiful Mindand have. an. itch to learn , more about its real-life inspiration, Princeton University's 3ohn Nash, visit hishome page. However, much Uke his ,work,this site is not forthe mathematicaliy squeamish. With little fanfare, it , displays parent and subdirectories full of unreferenced caiculations and memoran-

dums. Nash says his current research interests include logic, game theory, cosmology and gravitation. wstwtnhth.princeton.edtfjtn'

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