Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb.

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19892212/183187606

Conservation

LC - least concern

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution

Nativa en Colombia; Alt. 0 - 2400 m.; Amazonia, Andes, Llanura del Caribe, Orinoquia, Pacífico.

Morphology General Habit

Hierba, arbusto, arbolito, árbol

Conservation

Preocupación Menor

M. Thulin et al. Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1-4 [updated 2008] https://plants.jstor.org/collection/FLOS

Morphology General Habit

Spreading shrub, 1–3(–9) m high, glabrous in Somalia

Morphology Leaves

Leaves 4–10 cm long, with a clavate or subglobose gland between lowest pair of leaflets; stipules minute; leaflets (2–)3 pairs, obovate-elliptic to subcircular, 1–3(–4) x 0.7–2(–2.5) cm, rounded at apex

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Racemes elongate, axillary, 3–15-flowered

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx

Sepals rounded at apex

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla

Petals yellow or orange, obovate, 1–1.3 cm long

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens

3 lower with large anthers, central with short, laterals with longer filaments; 4 with medium-sized anthers and very short filaments; 3 upper with reduced anthers, at least the lateral ones obhastate

Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits

Pods cylindrical, (5–)8–15 x 1–1.5 cm, not or tardily dehiscent, with thin transverse septa within

Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds

Seeds many, olive-brown, elliptic to subreniform, 5–6 x 3.5–4.5 mm, without clearly marked areoles.

Distribution

N1, 2; S2, 3 native of the West Indies and South America.

Ecology

Altitude up to c. 1800 m.

Vernacular

Rambling cassia (English).

Distribution

Biogeografic region: Amazonia, Andean, Caribbean, Orinoquia, Pacific. Elevation range: 0–2400 m a.s.l. Native to Colombia. Colombian departments: Amazonas, Atlántico, Bolívar, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Putumayo, Tolima.

Habit

Herb, Shrub, Small tree, Tree.

Conservation

IUCN Red List Assessment (2021): LC. National Red List of Colombia (2021): Potential LC.

Ecology

Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, savanna, shrubland, wetlands (inland), artificial - terrestrial.

Leguminosae, R.K. Brummitt, A.C. Chikuni, J.M. Lock and R.M. Polhill. Flora Zambesiaca 3:2. 2007

Morphology General Habit

Shrub 1–5 m tall.

Morphology Branches

Branchlets olive, becoming grey, glabrous, longitudinally ridged.

Morphology Leaves

Leaves paripinnate; stipules c.2 mm long, very narrowly triangular, early-caducous; petiole 0.6–2.3 cm long, glabrous; rachis 1–2.5 cm long, glabrous except for a patch of minute probably glandular hairs between each leaflet pair, with an ellipsoid gland c.1 mm long between the proximal leaflet pair; leaflets in 3–4 pairs, 1.5–4 × 1.2–2 cm, the distal largest, broadly elliptic to broadly obovate or subcircular, base rounded to cuneate, slightly asymmetric, apex acute to rounded or retuse, often minutely mucronate, glabrous; petiolules c.1 mm long.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Inflorescences axillary, racemose; bracts 1–2 mm long, very narrowly triangular, early caducous; pedicels 4–5 mm long at anthesis.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx

Sepals 5, elliptic, dimorphic, two c.10 × 5 mm, three 5–7 × 3–4 mm, glabrous.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla

Petals yellow, 12–14 × 6 mm, obovate.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium

Stamens 9, trimorphic, two fertile with anthers c.7 mm long and filaments c.8 mm long, four fertile with anthers c.5 mm long and filaments c.1 mm long; three trumpet-shaped staminodes c.4 mm long.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Pistil

Ovary c.10 mm long, glabrous; style 4 mm long, glabrous.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits

Pod 8–15 × 1–1.5 cm, oblong-linear, straight, cylindrical, rounded at apex, tardily dehiscent along both sutures, or indehiscent.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds

Seeds olive-brown, 5–6 × 3.5–4.5 mm, broadly elliptic, without areoles.

International Legume Database and Information Service

Conservation

Not Threatened

Ecology

Africa: Cultivated

Morphology General Habit

Perennial, Climbing/Not climbing, Shrub/Tree

Vernacular

Yellow Candle Wood

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation

Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident

Vernacular

Bombito, Chiki-chiki, Chilchi, Chilifruta, Platanito, Platanito dulce

Caesalpiniaceae, Hutchinson and Dalziel. Flora of West Tropical Africa 1:2. 1958

Morphology General Habit

A shrub, to about 5 ft. high

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers

Yellow flowers

Note

Introduced, sometimes used in hedges, subspontaneous in some places.

Leguminosae, J. B. Gillett, R. M. Polhill & B. Verdcourt. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 1971

Morphology General Habit

Shrub, often spreading, scrambling or climbing, 1.5–9 m. high.

Morphology Stem

Stems glabrous (in East Africa—in South America sometimes puberulous).

Morphology Leaves

Leaves:petiole eglandular; rhachis with a prominent clavate or subglobose gland between the lowest pair of leaflets. Stipules very small, caducous, up to ± 0.6 mm. wide. Leaflets in (2–)3 pairs, obovate-elliptic to suborbicular, 0.9–3.1(–3.9) cm. long, 0.7–2.1(–2.4) cm. wide, rounded at apex, glabrous (in East Africa).

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Racemes 3–15-flowered, the peduncle usually well-developed and obvious.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Pedicel

Pedicels 0.3–0.5 cm. long in flower, 0.5–0.7 cm. long in fruit.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx

Sepals rounded at apex.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla

Petals yellow or orange, obovate, 1–1.3 cm. long.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens

Stamens:3 lower with large anthers, central with short, laterals with longer filaments; 4 with medium anthers and very short filaments; 3 upper with reduced anthers, at least the lateral ones obhastate.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits

Pods oblong-linear, straight, rounded at apex, not or tardily dehiscent, cylindrical, brown, (5–)8–15 cm. long, 1–1.5 cm. wide.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Seeds

Seeds many, olive-brown, compressed, elliptic to subreniform, 5–6 × 3.5–4.5 mm.; areoles absent.

Habitat

Grassland, bushland, old cultivations, roadsides, etc., originally planted or naturalized; often used as a hedge-plant; near sea-level to 2130 m.

Distribution

K3 K4 K5 K7 T1 T2 T6 U2 U3 U4 native of West Indies and western South Americacultivated in other parts of the tropics and sometimes escaped

Use

Environmental, Food and Drink, Wood