Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
Materials
References
Medicine
Disección y la cultura de explante de Allantois murino para el análisis In Vitro del accesorio alantoideo
Se describe un ensayo en vitro al accesorio corioalantoideas de modelo, el primer paso en la formación de la placenta. El protocolo muestra la cultura disección y explante de murinos allantoides de la integrina α4β1 inmovilizados. Accesorio de la alantoides se evalúa microscópicamente en momentos predeterminados.
La placenta es fundamental para el crecimiento y desarrollo de los embriones mamíferos. Por esta razón, numerosas alteraciones genéticas e insultos también ambientales probables que perturbe el desarrollo de la placenta o función pueden causar la pérdida temprana del embarazo en ratones y seres humanos. Sin embargo, se carecen de ensayos simples en vitro para detectar posibles efectos en la formación de la placenta. Aquí, nos centramos en el primer y fundamental paso en la formación de la placenta, que consiste en la fijación de la alantoides en el corion de modelado. Se describe un método para evaluar rápidamente el accesorio de explantes alantoideo de la integrina α4β1 inmovilizados, que sirve como un substrato chorio-mimético. Este enfoque en vitro permite una evaluación cualitativa de la fijación y propagar el comportamiento de los explantes de allantois múltiples en diferentes momentos consecutivos. El protocolo puede utilizarse para investigar el efecto de las mutaciones de ratón específicos, drogas o diversos factores ambientales que se han relacionado con complicaciones del embarazo o pérdida fetal en el alantoides accesorio ex vivo.
La placenta es indispensable para el crecimiento embrionario y desarrollo en el ambiente uterino. Constituye la interfaz para oxígeno, metabolitos y nutrientes intercambio entre la circulación fetal y materna y también funciona como un órgano endocrino e inmunológico. Cualquier insulto endógeno o exógeno que deteriora el desarrollo placentario puede conducir a retraso de crecimiento intrauterino, pérdida fetal o complicaciones del embarazo, tanto en ratones como en seres humanos1. Mientras que el número de mutaciones de ratón específicos causantes de la fisiología placentaria anormal continúa aumentando2, con 219 genotip....
Cría de ratón fue aprobado por el Regierung Unterfranken, y todos los análisis se llevaron a cabo estrictamente de acuerdo con todos los alemanes y la Unión Europea las leyes y reglamentos sobre uso y cuidado de animales de laboratorio.
1. capa de microtitulación las placas con la integrina α4β1 Ex útero alantoides explante cultura
- Reconstituir la integrina α4β1 murino liofilizado 200 μg/ml en tampón fosfato salina (PBS). Diluir hasta una concentración final de .......
Este protocolo describe un método para aislar y explante allantoides murino ex vivoy detalles de la evaluación cualitativa de la alantoides accesorio a la integrina α4β1, un proceso crítico en vivo corioalantoideas fusión. Los resultados representativos que se muestra en la figura 1A–H demuestran los pasos sucesivos de aislamiento alantoides a partir de útero durante el embarazo. Se retiran los teji.......
En presencia de suero, que es una rica fuente de moléculas de matriz extracelular adhesiva Pro como la fibronectina, alantoides explantes concederá fácilmente a varios plástico, vidrio o filtro superficies9,16. Por lo tanto, si del análisis realizado se pretende investigar específicamente el efecto de una modificación genética o cualquier otro tratamiento accesorio de la alantoides a inmovilizado α4β1, es fundamental para bloquear sitios de Unión inesp.......
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
| C57BL/6J wildtype mice | The Jackson Laboratory | Stock No: 000664 | |
| 70 % (v/v) Ethanol | VWR International | 930031006 | |
| Standard pattern forceps | Fine Science Tools | 11000-12 | Forceps used to open the abdominal cavity. |
| Micro dissecting forceps | Fine Science Tools | 11254-20 | Dumont # 5 medical biology forcepts with fine, sharp tip. |
| Fine scissors | Fine Science Tools | 14094-11 | Straight blades. |
| Spring scissors | Fine Science Tools | 15012-12 | Noyes spring scissors with 14 mm blades for the dissection of uterus buds. |
| Microspoon | Carl Roth | AT18.1 | 5 mm Spoon diameter. |
| Microtiter plates | ibidi | 81501 | We use uncoated, sterile angiogenesis slides (internal volume 50 µL) with a hydrophobic surface that is not tissue-culture treated to reduce non-a4b1-mediated binding to plastic. |
| 10 cm dish | Nunc | 150350 | Sterile tissue culture dishes. |
| 3.5 cm dish | Nunc | 150288 | Sterile tissue culture dishes. |
| Large orifice pipette tips | Biozym | VT0140X | Low binding pipette tips, 200 µL. |
| a4b1 integrin | R&D Systems | 6054-A4 | Murine a4b1 integrin recombinantly expressed and purified from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. |
| Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) | Sigma Aldrich | D8537 | Without Ca2+ and Mg2+. |
| Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) | PAN Biotech | P04-03600 | The formulation contains 4.5 g/L glucose, 110 mg/L sodium pyruvate and 3.7 g/L NaHCO3 but no L-glutamine, which is added separately. |
| Penicillin/Streptomycin | Gibco (ThermoFisher Scientific) | 15140-122 | 100 x (10,000 U/mL Penicillin and 10,000 µg/mL streptomycin) stock solution. Prepare and store aliquots at -20 °C to avoid freeze/thaw. |
| L-Glutamine | PAN Biotech | P04-80100 | 100 x (200 mM) Stock solution. Prepare and store aliquots at -20 °C to avoid freeze/thaw. |
| Fetal bovine serum | Biochrom | S 0115 | We use heat-inactivated FBS (heated to 56 °C for 30 min with mixing to inactivate complement). |
| Bovine serum albumin (BSA) | Sigma Aldrich | A7030 | We use protease- and fatty acid-free albumin. Prepare a 0.1 % (w/v) solution in DMEM. Sterile filter the solution through a disposable cell culture filter with a 0.22 µm pore size and low protein-binding membrane, and store aliquots at -20 °C. |
| para-Formaldehyde | Carl Roth | 0335.2 | To make a formaldehyde solution in PBS, weigh para-formaldehyde powder in a ventilated hood, and add it to PBS preheated to ca. 60 °C in a beaker on a stir plate. Add 1 N NaOH dropwise until solution clears. Let solution cool to room temperature, and filter through 0.22 mm filter syringe. Adjust pH with diluted HCl to ca. 6.9, and adjust to final volume with PBS. We aliquot and freeze the solution, but it can also be stored at 4 °C for approximately four weeks. |
| Triton X-100 | Sigma Aldrich | X100 | Use wide-orifice pipette tips to handle undiluted Triton X-100. |
| Normal goat serum | Sigma Aldrich | G9023 | To block non-specific binding of antibodies in immunofluorescence analyses. |
| a-CD31 Antibodies | BD Biosciences | 550274 | Purified rat anti-mouse monoclonal antibodies, clone MEC 13.3. |
| Secondary goat anti-rat antibodies | Thermo Fisher | A-11006 | Goat anti-rat IgG (heavy and light chains), cross-adsorbed, fluorescently labeled with Alexa Fluor 488. Other fluorescent labels are also possible. |
| Mowiol 4-88 | Sigma Aldrich | 81381 | Mounting medium for cytochemistry. MW ~31,000 |
| Labovert | Leitz | Labovert | Inverted phase contrast microscope equipped with a 4 x and 10 x objective for somite pair counting. Other phase contrast microscopes (such as those that are routinely used in tissue culture) are also suitable. |
| M80 | Leica Microsystems | M80 | Stereomicroscope with 8 : 1 zoom range (yielding a magnification between 7.5 x and 60 x) for embryo and allantois dissection. |
| DM4000B | Leica Microsystems | DM4000B | Microscope system for histology with LED illumination. We use HCX PL FLUOTAR 5 x/0.15 and HC PL FLUOTAR 10 x/0.30 objectives. Other microscopes equipped phase contrast and fluorescence optics can be used to score allantois attachment. |
| Digital camera | JVC | KY-F75U | 3-CCD digital capture camera attached to the DM4000B LED microscope. We use Diskus software (Hilgers) to operate both the microscope and the camera. |
| Confocal microscope | Leica Microsystems | SP5 | Confocal microscope for higher-resolution imaging of endothelia in the vascular plexus of allantois explants. Immunofluorescence images were taken with a 40 x objective. |
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